%• .o>\ •; :.^ <.^" ^►"V. ; .^"^^^ .^ *u '^0^ .^q* "V .^">^ ^.^g?I .'s:^MW- V ^^^ 9^^ '. '■^'. -'0^ ■^ ^#^r •P A> ... <■ j^'* > o :. ^-t. >*- "*:.K^ -^ „^'%. ,. ^> -ciMl^ = ^n<^^ » ■i- , V „ » » -?• ^/i: :-\^' SAMUEL GARDNER DRAKE, THE HISTORIAN OF BOSTON, ®l«.s Wxrrfe IS INSCRIBED, AS A TRIBUTE OF FILIAL REGARD. PREFACE. rr^HE design of this work is to give, in a single volume and at a moderate -*- cost, a. manual of reference, containing in a condensed form all tlie more important data of American biograpliy, including that of persons still living. Its scope, as set forth in the titlepage, is continental ; and it aims to include within the prescribed limits as many facts and dates as possible ; while, at the same time, ample reference is made to fuller sources of information. It is ob- vious that the utility of such a work must depend mainly upon its correctness ; and, to insure this all-important object, much time and labor have been given to the verification and completion of its dates. In regard to persons now liv- ing, it has not always been practicable to obtain the requisite facts ; and, in some instances, these have been so long withheld as to make it necessary to embody them in a Supplement. While the investigations of historical students in New England, New York, and in some of the other States, have been so fruitful in the materials for biography, that the principal difficulty has been that of selection and condensa- tion, it is unfortunately true, that in many of the States, and in other portions of the continent, such materials are exceedingly scanty. Another deficiency in the sources of American biography is found in the dejiartments of industry, inventions, and the fine arts. The politicians, authors, and clergy of America have had their full share of notice ; while her inventors, engineers, and practi- cal scientists, — to whom her wonderfully-rapid progress in the arts of civiliza- tion and her high rank among the nations are mainly due, — have been in a very great degree overlooked. One object of the author has been to remedy to some extent this injustice. Among the features calculated to enhance tlio value of the work are the pronunciation of such names as present unusual difficulty ; and tlio Key to Xn PREFACE. Assumed Names, which will enable the reader at once to trace the authorship of writings published under a pseudonyme. To John Wakd Dean, M.A., Librarian of the New-England Historic- Genealogical Society of Boston, whose thorough and accurate knowledge of American history and wonderfully-retentive memory are exceeded only by the readiness with which its abundant stores are imparted, the author is under weighty obligations. For much valuable material relating to the West, his acknowledgments are also due to the late Alfked T. Goodman of Cleve- land, Ohio, Secretary of the Western-Eeserve Historical Society, whose recent decease at the early age of twenty-six is not alone a calamity to his friends, but is a serious loss to the community. To the late Dr. Joseph Palmer, who kindly loaned him his annotated copy of the Harvard-College Triennial, he is also under obligations. To Rev. Elias Nason, to William B. Tbask, Esq., and to all who have aided him in the prosecution of his labors, the author returns his grateful acknowledgments. And, finally, his thanks are justly due to the proof-readers, — Messrs. George Wadham and George W. Powers, and Miss Mercie L. Taylor, — of the value of whose critical labors he is fully sensible. F. S. D. KEY TO ASSUMED NAMES. Abimelech Coody, AdraouisU Crime, Agate, Alice G. Lee, and Cous- in Alice. Allan Grant, and Alpin, Antlioiiy I'asquin, A. W. Farmer, Bailey, Barclays (One of the), Bard, Samuel A., Barrett, Walter, clerk, Barry Gray, Belle Brittan, Belle Smitli, Benauly, Benson, Carl, Berkly, Helen, Bin Arp, Billings, Josh, Blythe, White, jun.. Bob Short, Boston Bard, Boston Rebel, Breitmann, Hans, Brown, Vandyke, Buntliue, Ned, Burleigh, CsEsariensis, Cantcll A. Bigly, Carl Benson, Carleton, Caustic, Christopher, Caxton, Laura. Charles Summerfield, Clavers. Mary, Constantia, Coody, Abimelech, Cousin Alice. Cramer. Julian, Crayon, GeotTrey, Crayon, Porte, Creyton, Paul, Croaker. Crowfield, Christopher, Cypress, Dare, Shirley, Delia Crusca, Dick Tlnto, Diedrich Knickerbocker, Doesticks, Q. K. Phi- lander, Gulian C. Verplanck James Cook Richmond Whitelaw Reid William Elliott Alice B. Haven William Wilson John Williams Cliarles H. Smith Charles F. Browne Mrs. F. D. Gage ECT. Isaac Wilklna Fred. Douglass Mrs. H. G. Otis Ephraim G. Squier Joseph A. Scoville Robert B. Coflin Hiram Fuller Louisa Kirby Pratt r Benjamin, i I Austin, and > jointly (Lvman Abbott.) Charles Astor Bristed Anna Cora (Mowatt) Ritchie James Redpath James Russell Lowell Geo. W. Peck Charles H. Smith Henry W. Shaw Solon Robinson A. B. Longstreet Robert S. Coffin John Lowell Charles G. Leiand Wm. P. Brannan E. Z. C. Judson Matthew Hale Smith J. W. Alexander Geo. W. Peck Charles Astor Bristed Charles Carleton Coffin Thos. Green Fessenden Lizzie B. Comins Alfred W. Arrington Mrs. C. M. Kirkland Joseph Lemuel Chester Washington Irving Gen. D.T. Strother J.T.Trowbridge Fitz Greene Halleck Mrs. H. B. Stowe W. P. Hawes Susan Dunning Robert Merry Frank B. Goodrich Washington Irving Mortimer N. Thompson E. C. Revons, Edith May, Edmund Kirke, Elizabeth WethereU, Estelle, Ethan Spike, Everpoint, Fanny Fern, Fanny Fielding, Fanny Forrester, Farmer, Pennsylvania, Fat Contributor, Fleta, Florence Leigh, Florence Percy, Folio. Tom, Francis Oldys, Frank Forester, Gail Hamilton, Gath, Genesee Traveller, Geoffrey Crayon, Gleaner, Glyndon. Howard, Grace Greenwood, Grant, Allen, Gringo. Harry, Hamilton. Gail, Harland. Marion, Harry Gringo, Helen Berkly, Helen Mar, Honestus, Charles C. Converse Anna Drinker J. R. Gilmore Susan Warner Elizabeth Bogert Matthew F. Whittier J. M. Field Jonathan F. Kelly Frances D. Gage Mrs. Sarah (Willis) Parton Mary J. S.Upshur Emily C. Judson Rev. Isaac Wilkins John Dickinson A. Miner Griswold Kate W. Hamilton Anna T.Wilbur Mrs. Elizabeth Akers Joseph E. Bab'-on George Chalnuis Wm. H. Herbert Mary Abigail Dodge Geo. Alfred Townseud Matthew L. Davis Washington Irving Nathl. f. Bowditch Laura C. Reddon Sara J. Lippincott William Wilson Robert B. Coffin Henry A. Wise Mary Abigail Dodge Charles G. Lclaud Sirs. Terhune Lieut. H. A. Wise Anna Cora (Mowatt) Ritchie Mrs. D. M. F. Walker Benj. Austin G. C. Fisher J. Russell Lowell Laura C. Reddon Mrs. Eliz. Stuart Phelps Emma C. Embury Samuel L. Knapp Donald G.Mitchell Seba Smith Stephen C. Massett Mrs. Jennie C. Croly George A. Foxcroft KEY TO ASSUMED NAMES. John Oldbug, Jolin Paul. John FhcDuix, John Quod, John Waters, Jonathan Oldstyle, Jones, Major, Josh Billings, Julian Cramer, Karl Reden, Kerr, Orpheus C, Kirke, Edmund, Kirwan. Knickerbocker,* Died- rich, K. N.repper, Laco, Laura Caxton, Lay I'reaclier. Lee, Alice G., Lee, Patty. Leigh. Florence, Leighton, L'Inconnu, Lovengood. Sut, Lynn liard, McArone, Mace .Sloper, Mar, Helen, Maria del Occidente, Marion Harland, Marion Ward, Mark Twain, Marvel. Ik, Mary Clavers, Mary Orme, Massachusettensis, Mav. Edith, Mav, Sophie, Miles O'Reilly, Minnie Myrtle, Mrs. Manners, ». >> ifasbv. Petroleum V. ' Ned Buntline, Nevers. C. O., Novanglus, Oldbug, John, Oldham. Dr., at Gray- Old South". Oldstyle. Jonathan, Oldvs, Francis, Oliver Oldschool, Oliver Optic, O'Keilly. Miles, Orme, Mary, Orpheus C. Kerr, Patty Lee. Paul Crevton, Paul. John, Paulus Silentia Peasant Bard, Penn, Wra., Rev. Leonard Withing. ton C. H.Webb George U . Derby John T. Irving Henry Cary ot Boston AVashington Irving Wm. Theodore Thomp- Charles C. Converse K. H. Xewell J. K. Gilmoi-e liev. Nicholas Jlurray Washington Irving James M. Morris Steplien Higginson Lizzie li. Coniiiis Joseph Dennie Alice B. Haven Alice Carey Anna T. Wilbur Rev. Jesse Appleton L. Virginia French George W. Harris Alonzo Lewis George Arnold Cliarles G. Iceland Mrs. D. M. F. Walker Maria (Gowen) Bi-ooks Mary Virginia (Uawes) Terhune Mrs. H. M. Stephens Samuel L. Clemens Donald G. Mitchell Caroline M. Kirkland Mrs.Marv Sargent Gove Nichols Daniel Leonard Anna Drinker Miss R. S. Clarke Charles G. Halpine Anna L. Johnson (Mrs. Joaquin Miller) Cornelia H. (Bradley) Richards David Ross Locke E. Z.C. Judson Charles C. Converse John Adams Rev. Leonard Withing- tou Caleb S. Henry Benjamin Austin "Washington Irving George Chalmers Joseph Dennie "Wra. T. Adams Charles G. Halpine B. P.Shillaber John WUliams Alice Carey J. T. Trowbridge C. H. Webb George P. Philes Josiah D. Canning of Gill Jeremiah Evarts Pennsylvania Farmer, Pepper, K. N., Percy. Florence, Perley, Peter Parley, Peter Porcupine, Peter Quince, Peter Schlemihl, Peter Scriber, Petroleum V. Nasby, Philauthropos, Philip Quillibet, Phoenix, John, Pipes. Jeemes, of Pipes- ville, Poor Richard, Publicola, Pylodet, F., Quillibet. Philip, Quince. Peter, Quod, John, Revons. E. C, Robinson. Ignatius Rustic Bard, Kutledge, Salmagundi, Sam Slick, Samuel A. Bard, Sass. Job, Schlemihl, Peter, Scriber, Peter, Se De Kay, Se.\ton of the Old School, Shirlev Dare, Short, Bob, ■Sigma, Sloper, Mace, Smith, Belle, Sophie May, Spike, Ethan, Spy in Washington, Squibob. Stampede, Tiieodore de la Guard, TimothvTitcomb, Tinto, Dick, Tom Folio. Traveller, Genesee, Trusta, H., Twain, Mark, Walter Barrett, clerk. Ward, Artemus, Ward, Marion, Warrington, Waters. John, Wetherell, Elizabeth, White, Blythe, jun., John Dickinson James M. Morris Charles W. March Mrs. Elizabeth Akers Ben. I'erley Poore S. G. Goodrich Wm. Cobbett Isaac Story George Wood Charles Aug. Davis David Ross Locka William Ladd George E. Pond George H. Derby Stephen C. Massett D. P. Strother John Quincy Adams F. Leypoldt George E. Pond Isaac Story John T. Irving Charles C. Converse Mrs. O. J. Victor Charles C. Converse S. L. Knapp Robert Dinsr Washington Irving T. C. Haliburton Ephraim G. Squier George A. Foxcroft Charles Aug. Davis ; Wood Aug. I Charles D. Kir Lucius M. Sargent Miss Susan Dunning A. B. Longstreet Lucius M. Sargent Charles G. Leland Louisa Kirby Pratt Miss R. S. Cl.arke Matthew F. Whittier Matthew L. Davis George H. Derbv Jonathan F. Kelly J. M. Field Miss Kale Field Alfred W. Arrington George W. Harris Therise A. L. Robinson Nathaniel Ward Dr.J. G.Holland Frank B. Goodrich Joseph E. Babson Matthew L. Davis Mrs. Eliz. Stuart Phelps Samuel L. Clemens J. A. Scoville Charles F. Browne Mrs. H. M. Stephens W. S. Robinson ■ Cary of Boston I Wo Solon RobinsoQ ABBREVIATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. a., aged. ab., about. acad., academy. accomp., accompanied. adm., admiral, admitted. Amer.. America < Ant. Coll., Antioch College. app., appointed. art., artillery. assist., assistant. asso., association, associate. atty., attorney. b., born. bapt., baptized. brev., brevet. bro.j brother. com., commanded, command commiss., commissioned, commissioner. commo., commodore. conf., conference. Confed., Confederate. Cong., Congregational. consec, consecrated. Const. Conv., Constitutional Convention. Cont., Continental. contrib., contributed, contributions, contributor. corresp., correspondence, corresponding. C. S. A., Confederate-States Army. d., deceased. Democ, Democratic. dep., deputy. dept., department. dist., district. disting., distinguished. eccles., ecclesiastical. exped., expedition. explo., exploring. Inf., Infantry. Inst., Institute, Institution. legisl., legislature, legislative. m., married. mag., magazine. manuf., manufacturer. llpi., Mississippi. N. A., North America. nat., national. N. E., New England. Nouv.Biog.Univ., Nouvelle Biographic Universelle. N. W., North-west. occas., occasional. ord., ordained. Pr-Ep., Protestant-Episcopal. pres.. president. Presb., Presbyterian. prof., professor. prov., provincial. provis., provisional. pub., published, publication. Revol., Revolutionary. sem., seminary. theol.. theology, theological. Unit., Unitarian. vols., volunteers. Names of colleges generally abbreviated by first letters. The strictly alphabetical order has been devi- ated from in such names as Clarke, Deane, and others, in which the final c is sometimes dropped ; in that of Matthews, — sometimes spelled with a single t ; and in those having the prefix Mc, which are placed as though spelled ATac. Names of mem- bers of the same family are sometimes grouped together in one paragraph; as in the cases of Shubrick, Lemoine, Wyllys, Hallam, Claiborne, Brenton, &c. Pronunciation as in Worcester's large Diction ary. INDEX TO AUTHORITIES, CITED BY THE AUTHOR'S NAME ONLY. AUen, American Biographical Dictionary, 8vo, ISSC. Allibone, Dictionary of Authors, 3 vols. 8vo, Appleton, New American Cyclopadia, and . 27 vols. 8to. Blakc. Biographical Dictionary, 8to, 1856. Bradford, New-England Biography, 12mo, 1842. Collins, History of Kentucky, 8vo, 1848. Cullum, Register of West-Point Graduates, 2 vols. 8vo, 1868. Duyclvinck, Cyclopaedia of American Literature, and Supplement, 3 vols. 8vo, 1856-66. Eliot, New-England Biographical Dictionary, 8vo, 1809. Gardner, Dictionary of the Army, 2d edition, 12mo, 1860. Gayarre, History of Louisiana, 2 toIs. 8vo, 1854. Goodman, A. T., MS. notices. Grigsby, Virginia Convention of 1776, 8vo, 1855. Gross, American Medical Biography, Svo, 1861. Hamersly, Record of Living Officers U. S. Navy, 8vo, 1870. Henry, Record of Civil Appointments U. S. Army, 8vo, 1869. Lanman, Dictionary of Congress, 5th edition, 8vo, 1867. Lossing, Field-Book of the American Revolution, 2 vols. Svo, 1852. Morgan, Celebrated Canadians, Svo, 1865. O'CaUaghan, New-Tork Colonial Documents, 11 vols. 4to. Phillipart, Royal Military Calendar, 5 vols. Svo, London. Rogers, Biographical Dictionary of Revolutionary Worthies, Svo, 1829. Sabine, American Loyalists, 2d edition, 2 vols. 8vo, 1864. Simpson, Eminent Philadelphians, Svo, 1859. Sparks, American Biographies, Ist and 2d series, 25 vols. 12mo. Sprague, Annals of the American Palpit, 9 vols. Svo, 1857-66. Thacher, American Medical Biography, 2 vols. 8vo, 1828. Thomas, Universal Biographical Dictionary, 2 vols. Svo, 1671. Tuckerman, Book of the Artists, Svo, 1867. Wheeler, History of North Carolina, Svo, 1851. Williams, American Medical Biography, Svo, 1845, ITl DICTIONARY America]^ Biography. (a-bas-kiir), Don Jose Fernan- do, Viceroy of Peru, b. Oviedo, 1743 ; d. Ma- drid, June"30, 1821. Entering tlie military service in 1 762, he became a brigadier during the war with France, and in 1796 was sent as lieutenant of the king to defend Havana against the English. Called thence to tlie intendancy of New Galicia, liis services there were rewarded in 1804 witli the viceroyship of Peru. On his way thiiher, he fell into the hands of tlie English. By prudence and firm- ness he overcame various obstacles, and gained the confidence of the people. He established free schools, an academy of design, and chairs of medicine and surgery, at Lima, besides effecting important changes in its administra- tive Indian and police organizations. For these and other services, the Spanish Cortes, May 30, 1812, gave him the title of Marquis de la Concordia Espahola del Peru. Subse- quent reverses caused his recall in 1816. The title of deputy-general was decreed him by the Junta of Asturias for his benefactions to the widows and orphans of the patriots of that province who died fighting for the national independence. Abasola (aba'-sola), M.4riano, Mexican revolutionist, b. near Dolores Guanajuto ab. 1780; shot in Chihuahua, July, 1811. He was a zealous supporter of Hidalgo, a colonel of his army ; and at the capture of Rianon was conspicuous for courage, and humanity to the prisoners. He was at Las Cruccs, and, after the disastrous bntti" -f tli" T',. id-o of Cal- deron, fled to Sahill-. -■ ': li' i i' n. Both were taken by Eliz^ii , \! :, I si I, and shot soon after; theii !- .... lulilicly ex- posed on stakes, and k,t iinl.uiiL.i until 1822. Abbadie, d' (da-bade), il., governor of Louisiana from 1763 to his death, Feb. 4, \~6f<. June 29, 1763, he arrived at New Orleans, where the French king had a factory, of which d'Abbadie was made director-general, with the powers of a military commandant. Or- dered in 1764 to surrender the country to Sjiain, his grief at this duty caused his death. He protected the Indians, repressed the excesses of masters towards their slaves, and left a memory dear to all Louisianians. — O'Callag- Abbeville, d' (diib-vel'), Claude, a Cap- uchin, author of "Histoire de la Mission dea P&res Capucins en I'lsle de Maragnon ; " d. Paris, 1632. The mission to the Island of Maranham (on the coast of Brazil) was under- taken in 1612. Abbot, Aeiel, D.D. (H. U. 1838), minis- ter, b. Wihon, N.H., Dec. 14, 1765; d. West Cambridge, Ms., Jan. 31, 18.i9. H. U. 1787. Descended from George, who settled in An- dover, Ms., 1643. His tiither, Abiel, was a major in the Revol. army. Soon after gradu- ating, and until July, 1789, he was a teacher in Phillips Academy. After studying theology, and engaging in missionary labors in Maine and elsewhere, he was, from" Jan. 1794 to Jan. 179.5, Greek tutor at Cambridge. Ord. minis- ter of Coventry, Ct., Oct. 28, 1795. June 6, 1811, he was deposed from the ministry on account of differences of opinion with his church. In Sept. 1811, ho took charge of Dummer Academy ; which, in April, 1819, he quitted for a farm in North Andover. In- stalled minister of Peterborough, N.H., June 27, 1827, he remained until his retirement in Sei)t. 1 848. He was an able writer and popular preacher. In 1811, he pub. a statement of the Coventry difiiculty ; in 1829, a "History of Andover ; " and a " Genealogy of the Abbot Family " in ISiT. — Necroloin/' TI. U. Abbot, Abiel, D.D. (H. U. 1S2I), minis- ter, b. Andover, Aug. 17, 1770; d. Staten Is- land, N.Y., June 7, 1828. II. U. 1792. After being an assistant in the Andover Academy, he was minister of Haverhill from June 8, 1795, to June 13, 1803; and then of Beverly until the winter of 1827-8; when he went to Charles- ton, S.C., for his health, and thence to Cuba. Returning in improved health, ho preached at Charleston June 1, and sailed the next day for '.'I'l-' :if yellow fever at the y. He was an eloquent His " Letters from .-.toil in 1829. His ser- V S. Everett, were pub., r ». alu HI. LL. 1). (D. C. ISU), quick percejition of cliar.ieter, and a native authority which secured obeilicnce and affec- tion. Under his charge, the institution was exceedingly popular. Among his pupils were Daniel \Vebster, Edward Everett, Jared Sparks, George Bancroft, and many others who became distinguished. He stood at the head of his profession in New England. Mary, his wife, sister of Thos. H. Perkins, merchant, of Boston, d. Exeter, March 17, 1863, a. 93 y. 10 mo. Abbott, Benjamin V., b. Boston, June 4, 1830 ; Austin, h. Dec. 18, 1831 ; and Lym.a.n, b. Roxbury, Dec. 18, 1835. The Abbott brothers, sons of Ucv. Jacob, practise law in N. Y. City ; and have jointly pub. Admiral- ty Reports, 18.^7; N. Y. Practice Reports; Forms of Pleading ; Digest of N. Y. ; C. P. Reports, 8 vols. ; Uiiccst of U. S. Statutes and E-eports, 1 veyancers' A--! , : porations, 2 v > tice and Jurl^ h. uni many articles in law cut Corners," a novel i krks'and Con- lie Law of Cor- i-c on the Prac- U. S. Courts; 3s ; and " Conc- iipport of prohibitory temperance laws. — Aliibonc. Abbot, Hull, .nini^tL■^ of Charlestown, Ms., from ImIi ■. U-L ]•< lli^ death, April 19, 1774. r. I: I •■. 1702. H. U. 1720. Many \., I . i vi itii Rev. Simon Bradstreet. 11' :'ii'', 1:1 - on the " Artil- Icrv EUi-tion," l'7;3.) ; on ilie " Rebelfion in Scotland," 1746 ; " Against Swearing," 1747. Abbott, Rev. Jacob, author, b. Hallow- cll, iMf., Nov. 14, 1803. Bowd. Coll. 1820; And. Theol. Scm. 1825. ' Jacob, his father, b. Andover; d. Farmington, Me., Jan. 25, 1847, a. 70. Prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. Amh. Coll. 182.5-9. Ord. Sept. 18, 1834, at Eliot Church, Boston Highlands ; and was suc- ceeded by his bro., Rev. J. S. C, Nov. 25, 1835. Among his many writings, chiefly for the young, are "The Young Christian." 1825, " Corner Stone," " Way to do Good," "Hoary- Head," and " Mac. Donner," " Teacher," " Summer in Scotland," 24 vols, of the " Rol- lo,""Lucy," and "Jonas" stories, and 30 vols, of juvenile biographies. Abbott, JoHy, author of " The Natural History of the Rarer Lepidopterons Insects of Georgia," edited by Sir J. E. Smith, Lond. 1797, with 104 colored plates. Resided many ' years in Georgia. Abbot, John Emery, clergyman, b. E.Keter, N.H., Aug. 6, 1793; d. Salem, Ms., Oct. 7, 1819. Bowd. Coll. 1810. Son of Benjamin, principal of Phillips Academy, where he re- ceived his academical education. Ord. April 20, 1815, p.astor of the cluirch in Salem, as successor of Rev. Thomas Barnard, where he was highly esteemed lor his literary acquire- ments and the liberality and candor of his re- ligious views. His sermons, with a memoir by H. Ware, jun., were pub. in 1829. Abbott, Rev. John Stevens Cabot. author, bro. of Jacob, h. Bnii.swirk, Mc Sent. 18, 1805. Bowd. Cnll l = j-, ; Anl, Ti,...l. Sem. 182Sr Ord.,J;i:i " : i - 1 ; ■ : ■ ministry successively 1! W I:.. and Nantucket, Ms., i: . i , . il, , , 1861-6, and over tin- " ■ -i..l 1 1 : ,1 I !:i\> 1 Ct., 1869. His fiiM I M.il, I at Home," has been 11 1 . 1 .,, - i.mu, im- eign languages. Aiihii ■ li m; • ;.il |,ulili- cations are " The Child at llunr ; ' AM.nit s Historical Series," 6 vols.; " 1 'nuiLlmn:,! Correspondence of Napoleon an. I .l>.~r|ihiu. ; " "Napoleon at St. Helena;" " .Mnii.ijr^ ,,| Na- poleon," 2 vols. 8vo, 1855, and of Napoleon IIL ; " History of the French Revolution," and of the " Civil War in America.' His " Life of Frederic the Great" is in preparation. Abbot, Samuel, a founder and benefac- tor of the And. Theol. Sem., b. Andover, Ms. ; d. there April 30, 1812, a. 80. Hav- ing a feeble constitution, he adopted the mer- cantile profession in Boston, and, acquiring wealth by integrity and methodical habits, devoted it to religious and charitable objects. Upon the establishment of the seminary at Andover, Aug. 31, 1807, he gave to it $20,000, and in his 'will left it $100,000 more. Abbot, Samuei,, inventor of the process bv which starch is made from the potato, b. \Viltoii, N.H., March 3, 1786; d. there Jan. 2, 1839. H. U. 1808. Son of Major Abiel. Practised law at Dunstable, and afterwards at Ipswich. Burned to death in a starcli-factory at Wilton. Abeel, David, an oflScer of the frigate "Alliance" in the Revol. war, d. N. Bruns- wick, N.J., Oct. 1840, a. 78. Abeel, DAVib, D.D., missionary to China, b. N. Brunswick, N. J., June 12, 1804; d. Al- bany, Sept. 4, 1846. Educated principally at his native place. He was ord. to the ministry in 1826, and labored at Athens, N.Y., two years. His health failing, he went in Oct. 1829' as a missionary to China, and thence to J.iva, Bata- via, Singapore, and Siam. Visiting Europe in 1833, oii returning home he pub. " The Claims of the World to the Gospel ; " " Residence in China" in 1829-33; and "Missionary Con- vention at Jerusalem," 1838. He went again to Canton in 1839; but, the "opium war" precluding his usefulness there, he visited Ma- lacca, Borneo, and other places, and settled at Kolongsoo. Ill health compelled him to return home in 1845. after beginning a mission at Amoy in 1842; and he died soon after. He was well qualified for his work by great prac- tical judgment, good sense, and persevering energy. — Memoirs by Rev. G. R. Williamson, 1849. Abeel, John Nelson, D.D.fH.U. 1804), an eloquent Presbyterian minister, b. New York, 1769; d. there Jan. 20, 1812. Princeton Coll. 1787. He studied law while a tutor at Princeton, but began to preach, in Apr. 1793, t.fc^-3,.'i in Phila. From the autumn of 1795 until his death, he was pastor of tlie Dutch Reformed Church in New York. He possessed a voice of much sweetness and m.lody. Abercrombie, James, of Glassaugh, a British gen, b. 17u6; d. deputy-gov. of Stir- ling Castle, Apr. 28, 1781. De'scended fi-om a wealthy Scotch tamilv, he onrniil ih« .-irinv ; became a col. Apr. 16, 1746; m n •_ n- .l,i;i :l , I7.i6; lieut.-gen. Mar. 31, IT.'i i _ i. 1 ;. -''. 1772. Sent to America in ,1 > i , I , n. , ii the rank of maj.-gen., to \vIik;i lie li.ul l-jcn promoted for services on the Continent, he held the chief command until the arrival of Loudoun in Aug., and resumed the command on the return "f rhiit offir,.,- ill I7:w .Tiilv s, 1758, at tth' 1-, 1 "1 1- 1 Ii, .;' -■ k-il Ticondeni, , . , ,, :!, ..•.:• i , ■> : • -I folly whii'ii ..;,,! ,, . - ..: n .;..,_ (i ■ • ,,,,ivc men. He .i,.: i.ulKr u..pl.u.,l ,„....>..,,... .ty by unnecessarily retreating to lils uurenclied camp on the south side of Lake George. Superseded hj' Amherst, he returned to England in 1759, and, as a member of par- liament, supported the arbitrary measures which resulted in the independence of the United States. Abererombie,JAJiES,hisson,alient.col., mortally wounded at Bunker's Hill ; d. Boston, June 24, 1775. Maile capt. 42d Highlanders, Feb. 16, 1756; aide-de-camp to Gen. Amherst, M-v 5, 1759 ; maj. 78th, July 25, 1760 ; lieut.- col. 22d, March 27, 1770. "He led the gren- adiers to the assault of Bunker's Hill ; vvns a brave and noble-hearted soldier; and, while being borne from the field, begged his men to spare his old friend Putnam. Abercrombie, James, D.D. (N.J. Cull. 1804), clergyman and scholar, b. Phila. Jan. 26, 1758 ; d. there June 26, 1841. Phila. Coll. 1776. Ord. deacon and priest Dec. 29, 170.3. He was for manv years one of the associated rectors of Christ Church, St. Peter's, and St. John's, in that city ; and was also widely and favorably known as a classical teacher. For impressive eloquence and classical acquire- ments, he was excelled by few. Abercrombie, John Joseph, brig. gen. .11 U. S. Vols., b. Tenn. 1802.^ West Point, 1822. // His father emigrated from Scotland, was a volunteer in the Revol. army, and settled in Tennessee. Entering the 1st Infy., he was adjutant from 1825 to 18.3.3 ; became capt. Sept. 4, 1836 ; brev. maj. for services in the Florida war, especially at Okechobee, Dec. 25, 1837; brev. lieut.-col. for gallantry at .Monterey, where he was wounded Sept. 23, 1846 ; lieut.- col. 2d Infv. Mav 1, 1852 ; col. 7th Infy. Feb. 25, 1861 ; "brev. brig.-gen. U. S. A. March 13, 1865; retired June 12, 1865; brig.-gen. of Vols. Aug. 31, 1861. He commanded a brigade in Patterson's division in May ; in July was transferred to Banks's division on the Uppi;r Potomac; and early in 1862 joined the ar-iiy of McClellan, and was in the battles lirfoie Kiehmond, being slightly wounded at F^irOaks. Abercromby, Sir Robert, a British gen., bro. of the celebrated Sir Ralph, b. Oct. 1740; d. near Stirling, Scotland, Nov. 3, 1827. Ensign in the 44th in July, 1758.; capt. in 1761 ; lieut.-col. 37th, 1775; col. I78I ; maj.- gen. 1790; lieut. -gen. 1797; gen. IS02. He served in Canada until its surrender by the French in 1763 ; commanded his regt. thruut;h the whole American war until ca|iture(i at Yorktown, and was wounded at Monrnonth. He commanded the exped. which, May 7, 1778, destroyed the Araeiican slni.niii' ii." the Delaware; May 1, 1778, mh : ii. .1 i,.:i l,i,-,y at Crooked Billet, Pa.; ai. i : : . i.-e of Yorktown, led a succrs~i,: : min^' two batteries. He afterwaul .^er.vd lu India, where he succeeded Cornw.allis in the chief command in 1793; and, at his death, was the oldest gen. in the service. Abert (a'bert). Col. John James, military engineer, b. Md. 1791 ; d. Washington, D.C, Jan. 27, 1863, West Point, 1811. He was employed in the war office in 1811-14; was in the battle of Bladensbnrg, Aug. 24, 1814; Nov. 22, 1814, was app. maj. of topographical engineers; became lieut.-col. Nov. 22, 1824; and Mar. 19, 1829, was placed in command of the corps of topographical engineers, and at the head of the topographical bureau, which was by his efforts made a distinct branch of tlie war dept. June 22, 1831. He was an Indian commissioner in 1832-3; and, on the reconstruction of the army, was appointed col. of his corps, July 7, 1838. The military topoj raphy of the United States ' super was under sion until his retirement, Sept. 9, 1861. Abert, Col. Wm. Stretch, son of J. J., b. Washington, D.C, Feb. 1, 1836; d. Galves- ton, Tex., Aug. 25, 1867. During the Rebel- lion, in which he rendered faithful service to the g-overnment, he was col. 3d Ms. Heavy Art., and brev. lieut.-col. U. S. A. for gallantry at Antiotam, Aboville, d' (dii-bo'vcr), Francois Ma- rie, Count, a French gen. of artillery, b. Brest, Jan. 23, 17.30 ; d. Nov. 1, 1819, Entering the artillery, he disting. himself at the siege of Munster in 1759. He commanded in chief, with the grade of col., the artillery of Ruchani- beau's army, and directed its operations at the siege of Yorktown with great skill, earning promotion to the rank of brigadier, and the order of the Cincinnati, Mar&hal de camp, in 1788. In 1792 he com., as lieut.-gen., the Ar- my of the North and of the Ardennes, and in 1809 was gov. of Brest. Adhering in 1814 to the Bourbons, he was made a peer, and com- mander of the order of St. Louis. Acamapixtla I. (a-ka-ma-pitch'-tlcc), king of III ■ A ■■-- :i-iu 1 ■ ■_' n. In, d. in 13S9 ; was the I _ I , , ; , ; hiiilt roads, canals, a : i , i . , . . . i tl,,- scattered tribes tuu' ;:i' i ii.l hMinil.-i im eity nf Tenoch- titlan, near .Mexieo. Ackland, Lady Christina Harriet Caroline Fox, dau. of Stephen, Earl of III- chester, and wife of Maj. John Dyke Ackland of Pixton, b. 17.50; d. July 21, 1815. Her husband, maj. in the 20th foot, juiiied Biir- goyne's exped. in 1776; disting. himself, and was severely wounded, and made pri.soner, at the battle of Saratoga, Oct. 7, l777. While on parole in New York, he alleviated the suf- ferings of the American prisoners there. He was a member of parliament, and d. Oct. 31, 1778. Lady Harriet, who acconipanicil him during Burgoyne'sexpefl., is memoruhle for licr sufferings and heroism durini; an anxious at- tendance upon her husband throui^hout the perils of a long campaign. The story related by Wilkinson in his memoirs, and often re- peated, of her husband falling in a duel, her consequent insanity, and subsequent marriage to Mr. Brudenell, a chaplain in Burgoyue's ar- my, lacks confirmation. Some authorities state that Maj. A. died from the effect of his wounds. Lady A. could never after hear an al- lusion to his name without tears. Her sister. Lady Susan, also came to America with her husband, William O'Brien, who held office under the crown, and returned to England during the war, by which he was a large loser in landed projierty. Aeosta, Joaquin, an officer in the service of the republic of Colombia, travelled exten- sively there and in New Granada, and com- piled a map of New Granada, with a history of the discovery and colonization of that country (Paris, 8vo, 1848). He also repub. the work of Caldas, cited by Humboldt, with notes and a preface. Cliickasaws from 1735 to 1775, assigns to them a Hebiew origin, — an idea tlien regariled as visionary, but which has since found support- ers ; among them Dr. Boudinot in his " Star of the West." His argument is founded on their division into tribes, their language and Acosta, Joseph d', a Spanish Jesu del Campo, and missionary, b. Medi rector of the U. of Salamanca, Feb. 15, 1600. He spent some years subsequent to 1571 in the conversion of the Indians of S. America, and was afterwards a provincial in the Jesuit Col- lege in Peru. On his return to Spain, he pub., besides his missionary works, " The Natural and Moral History of the Indies," 8vo, 1590, translated into French in 1600 ; to which was afterward added De Nalum Novi Orbis, libri duo, a work quoted by Robertson and others. He was at oue time professor of theology at Orana. Acrelius, Israel, a Swedish clergyman, b. Osteraker, Dec. 25, 1714; d. Fellingsbro", Apr.25, 18U0. U.ofUpsal. Ord. 1743. App. ]irovo5t of the Swedish congregations on the Delaware in 1749, and pastor of Christina. Reaching Phila. in Nov., he superintended suc- ces.-lully the ecclesiastical affiiirs of the Swe- dish colonists until obliged by ill health to re- sign in Nov. 1756. On his return, the king gave him a pension and the liviiigof Fellings- bro'. Besides articles on America in the Swedish journals, and some religious works, he pub. a description of the Swedish colonies in America, 4to, Stockholm, 1769. Acuna, d' (a-koon'-yii), Christopher, Jesuit and explorer, b. Burgos, 1597 ; d. Lima, ah. 1675. He was one of the early explorers of the River Amazon, and was sent to report the incidents of the cxpcd. of 1639. On his roniin h. S; in, !,>■ miI\ at Madrid, in 4to, ir,4l ', -' Gran Hio de las Ai : :, . , 1 iiii^ work were all disM-Mi,:! i,i:r iwi. Miir ,,] which Gomberville traiisiatnl into 1' ii-tkIi hi 1iiS4. The work is aecompanicd with a curious dissertation. He subsequently went to the East Indies, returned to S. Anieric:j, and died on the way from Pan- ama to Lima. Adair, James, trader, and author of a his- tory of the American Indians, 4to, 1775, Lon- don. The writer, who lived chiefly among the Adair, John, general, h, Chester Co., S.C, 1759; d. HanwM'ui.. K, , Mn 1>J, 1S40. He served in the i;r\ i iv.dtnKy. in 1787; wasaniaj - i i and Wil- kinson in the expidiihin- :i;jaiii.i tlie North- western Indians in 17'JI ; was attacked by the Miami chief, " Little Turtle," in camp near Fort St. Clair, Nov. 6, 1792, and forced to re- treat ; and was lieut.-col. under Gen. Charles Scott in 1793. He was a volunteer aide to Gen. Shelby at the battle of the Thames, Oct. 5, 1813; made brig.-gen. of Ky. militia in Nov. 1814 ; and com. the Ky. troops with distinction at N. Orleans, under Gen. Jackson, in 1814-15. He was several years a representative of Mer- cer Co. in the Ky. legislature, of which body he was also speaker ; was a member of the Ky. Const. Conv , and register of the U. S. Land Office; U. S. senator in 1805-6; gov. of Ky. 1820-24; and M. C. 1831-3, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. Adams, Abigail, wife of Pres. John, b. Wevmouth, Ms., Nov. 22, 1744 ; d. Quincy, Oct'. 28, 1818. Dau. of Rev. William Smith. Feb. 24, 17G4, she ra. Mr. Adams, then a lawyer at Weymouth. She visited Europe while her husband was minister to England, in 1784-8 ; and during his Vice-Presidency and Presidency, 1789-1800, resided in Phila. Her letters we're pub. by her grandson, Charles F., 4th ed. Boston, 1848, 12mo. They are inter- esting and valuable pictures of the Revol. pe- riod. Adams, Amos, minister of Roxbury, Ms., from Sept. 12, 1758, to his d. at Dorchester, Oct. 5, 1775, b. Medfield, Ms., Sept. 1, 1728. H. U. 1752. He was an ardent patriot, and was scribe of the convention of ministers at Watertown, which in May, 1775, recommend- ed to the people to take up arms. He pub., besides sermons, two discourses on " Religious Liberty," 1767; "A Concise Historical View of New England," in two discourses ; on the Gen- eral Fast, Apr. 6, 1769, repub. London, 1770. Adams, Andrew, LL. D. (Y. C. 1796), jurist, b. Stratford, Ct., Jan. 1736; d. Litch- field, Nov. 26, 1797. Yale Coll. 1760. He was admitted to the bar of Fairfield Co. ; practised law some time in Stamford ; removed in 1764 to Litchfield ; was a member of the legislature from 1776 to 1781 ; delegate to Congress in 1777-80 and 1781-2; member of the Council in 1781 ; app. judge of the Supreme Court in 1789, and chief-justice in 1793. He was an adroit and learned lawyer, and an able judge. Adams, Benjamin, lawyer, b. Worces- ter, Ms., 1765 ; d. Uxbridge, Ms., March 28, 1837. B. U. 1788. He was an able law- yer, a member of the legislature in 1809-14, "State senator in 1814-15 and 1822-25, and a useful member of Congress in 1816-21. Adams, Charles, historian of the " Patriot war," b. Arlington, Vt., Mar. 12, AJDA. 1785; d. Burlington, Vt., Jan. 12, 1861. U. ufVt. 1804. He was an eminent lawyer, and held many pulilic offices. Adams, Cii.irles Baker, naturalist, b. Dorchester, Ms., Jan. 11, 1814; d. St. Thomas, Jan. 19, 1853. Amh. Coll. 1834. He studied at the And.Theol. Sem. two years, and then, with the Rev. Dr. Hitchcock, made a geolo^ical survey of New York. Tutor at Amh. Coll. 1837. From 1833 to Aug. 1847, he was piof. of chemistry and natural history in It All y of Vt. 1844 and Panama lids. He .societies, Vt., pub. to Con- il Species of chology," " Monographs of Si Shells," ." Catalogue of Shells collected in Pa- nama," N.Y., 1852, "Elements of Geology," and some papers in Silliiitan's Journal. Adams, Charles Fka.scis, LL.D. (H U. 1864), statesman, son of John Quincy Adams, b. Boston, Au-. 18, 1807.^ H. U. 1825. His boyhuud was passed with his father at St. I'rniviiij A. . ,.inpanying his father in his nil I i ; I iii'l in 1815, he was placed at sell I i: I his return home in 1817. Hi; :;uj.c a la.'. 11. the office of Daniel Webster, and was, in 1S2S, adm.'to the bar, but never has practised. In 1829, he in. the youngest (lau. of P. C. Brooks, a Boston milfioniiaire. Kepresentative iu the leijisl. of Ms. 1831-4; senat.n- IS:i5-7. Havin-'^left the Whig party, he was, in 1848, the candidate of the newly- ur;;anizrd Vr<:r peace and com- merce, he .sail I 1 I ill Nov. 1779. V(,r- ' gcnnes, tin- 1 . ;. i ... : i, who distrusted him, finally u;j.aiii..i i.u.a Congress the recall of Mr. Adams's powers to negotiate a treaty of commerce, and the conjunction with him of several colleagues, of whom Franklin was one. In July, 1780, he went to Holland to negotiate a loan, and Apr. 19, 1782 was received as am- bassador by the States-General, from whom he soon after obtained a loan of two million dollars, and with whom he made a treaty of amity and commerce. In Oct. he returned to Paris to assist in making tlie treaty of jieace, and was chiefly instrumental in securing, the fisheries to the U. S. With Franklin and Jay he negotiated a treaty of commerce with Great Britain. In the lollowing winter, he negotiated another Dutch loan ; was com- ADA. toil povi tlie Jiiines. Wliile at this post, he prepared his "Defence of the American Cnii'ilirntidns." llccaliedin Feb. 1788, on ln> aniv.il limn, , he was rc-appointed a dclc,L;ate lu I'.-ii^ir s, l.iit did , take President of the U.S., reeeivm^^ tin- „i.-xt lu-li- est number of votes to Washington in the first rresidential election. He sustained the policy of \V'ashinf,'ton, {jiving, as president of the senate, his casting-vote in many important measures. The French Kevoi., to which lie was oppo.scd, led him to write iiis " Discourses on Davila," in which he controverted the radical democ. doctrines of the day. Chosen president by a small majority over Jefi'erson for the term beginning Mar. 4, 1797, his ad- ministration was vehemently opposed by the new party under the lead of Jett'erson, called Republicans, who were friendly to the French Kcvol , while tlic Federal party were deter- mined to preserve neutrality. The French Directory having issued decrees and orders highly injniious to American commerce, a na- vy was set on loot, an armv partly levied, with Washiimloii lor comniander-in-ehief; and a with Buna; n I ■, ' heavy taxes to u preparations, the Law, and the cli stro3'ed .Vd.nti- - ; ' ■ ■ w- ingeleiip, , - . ;,. .;r^, while J.;,, : - ,:i: '. I ■ : . : :,:;,;, |. K Ills la OH -: : i (^i:,n.cy. At the age of 85, be w ■ ■ -ate to the Convention to re- » ■ ' i:atiun of Ms., and was request- r.l M I : , hat declined. Ho lived to see 1j:.^ m, I I '(. - iriit, and to receive Jefferson's ei'H-raini.iihai, ujjon it. By a remarkable ciaiK iih la < , liny both expired on the fiftieth aniiivir.-aiy i>\ that Declaration of Independ- denee in which they had both taken so active a part. His daii. Abigail m. Col. Wm. S. Smith, his secretary of legation in Lon- don, lie wrote for the Boston Patriot many valuable contributions to the history of his times, a portion of which, entitled " Corre- spondence," was pub. 8vo, 1809. His Letters to Mr. Tudor led to Ihe publication of the Life of Otis, and shed niach li-lit cai ilie early his- tory of the Rev,,]. 11,, -KMaNon Charles Francis Adams ba< |iiili. Iim lullectcd writ- ings, including his "Autubiui.'iaphy." Among bis other publications are " Twenty-six Let- crs on the American devolution, written in Holland in 1780;" "Correspondence with W. Cunningham," 1823 ; and Letters on Gov- ernment to Samuel Adams," 1802. Though courteous in manner, Mr. Adams was some- what irritable in temper. Adams John, maj.-gen. C.S.A., b. Tenn. 1825; killed at the battle of Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 18G4. West Point, 1846. Entering the Ist dragoons, he was brevettcd 1st lieut. for gallantry at Santa Cruz dc Rosales, Mar. 16, 184S; capt. Nov .■i0,18.i6; had seen consid- erable Indian fighting in Utah and N. Mexi- co; resigned Mar. .'il, 1861, to join in the Re- bellion. Adams, John Quinct, sixth President of United Stales, b. Braintree, July 11, 1767 ; d. Washington, D.C., Feb. 23, 1848. H. U. 1787. Son of Pres. John Adams. He re- ceived his name of " Quincy " from his mater- nal grandfather, an influential citizefi, who died just as his grandchild was born. In Feb. 1778, he accompanied his lather in his mission to France, occupying himself, until his return in Aug. 1779, in studying the French and Latin languages ; enjoying tlie special iiivor and friendship of Franklin. In Nov. he made a second visit to France, and resumed his stu- dies, which were subsequently pursued at Am- sterdam and at the U. of Leydcn. In 1781, at the age of 14, he accompanied Mr. Dana to Russia as private see. In 1782, he spent some time in Stockholm, Copenhagen, and Hamburg; accompanied his father to England, and, in 1784, to Paris ; returning home early in 178.5. After graduating at Harvard with disting. honor, he studied law with Theophilus Parsons, and praeiised at Boston, obtaining distinction as a political writer. Under the signature of "Publicola," in 1791, he advo- cated neutrality with France; suggesting doubts of the favorable issue of the French Ecvol. From 1794 to 1801, he was suc- cessively minister to Holland, England, and Prussia, receiving in 1798 a commission to negotiate a treaty of commerce with Sweden; and residing in Berlin from Nov. 1797, to Apr. 1801, when he was recalled. While here, be wrote his " Letters from Silesia." July 27, 1797, he m. Louisa, dau. of Joshua Johnson, consul at London, and niece of Thos. John- son of Md., a signer of the Declaration of Independence. In 1802, he was in the senate of Ms., and was in that of the U.S. from 1S03, until, in 1808, he resigned on account of dis- agreement on the question of embargo with the Ms. legisl. His course in this matter led to a serious controversy between him and his colleague Timothy Pickering. From 1806 to 1809, he was prof, of rhetoric at H. U. Min- ister to Russia in 1809, his influence at that court induced its offers of intervention, which culminated in the treaty of peace between Eng. and the U. S. He was one of the com- missioners to negotiate that treaty at Ghent in 1814; after the signing of which, he, with Gallatin and Clay, negotiated at the court of St. James a commercial treaty with Great Britain, signed July 13, 1815. He remained in London as resident minister until Mar. 1817. While at St. Petersburg in 1811, he was app. a judge of the U. S. Supreme Court, but declined. A scries of letters to his son on " The Bible and its Teachings," was written at this period. From 1817 to 1825, he was Sec. of State to President Monroe, whom he succeeded as President in 1825. In 1831, he was sent to Congress, where he was continued, by successive re-elections, until his death, which occurred suddenly in the Capitol. His last words were, " This is the last of earth: I am ADA. AJDA. nji As a scholar, his various and profound. Congress devolved upon him the duty of pronouncing the eulo- gium upon Lafayette ; and he also pronounced at Boston the funeral-orations upon Madison and Monroe. As Sec. of State, the claims on Spain were by his influence adjusted ; Florida was added to the Union ; and the republics of S. America recognized. Mr. Adams's adminis- tration favored the application of all the super- fluous revenues of the country to internal improvements. The fearless stand which he maintained in Congress upon the right of petition was in the highest degree honorable to him. He looked upon slavery as an un- mitigated curse. His voice was heard on nearly every important question before the House. When more than fourscore, he was yet " the Old Man Eloquent." Independent, manly, and patriotic, he never swerved from what he believed to be the path of duty ; leav- ing behind him a high reputation for purity and disinterestedness. In 1810, his " Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory " were pub. ; " Let- ters on Freemasonry," in 1833; " Dennot MacMurrough," a poem, 1832; and, in 1848 " Poems of Religion and Society." A Memoir by Josiah Quincy was pub. in Boston, 8vo, 1858. Adams, M.itthew, writer, of Boston, d. Mar. 2, 1749. Though a mechanic or trades- man, he had a large collection of books. Dr. Franklin acknowledges his obligations for ac- cess to his library. He contrib. essays to the New-Eii(jland Journal, and pub. some poetical essays. ' His son John, minister of Durham, N.H., 1748-78, h. June 19, 1725; d. June 4, 1792. H. U. 1745. Rev. Hugh, minister of Durham, bro. of Matthew. H. U. 1697, d. 1750. — See Drake's Boston, pp. 634, 675. Adams, Nathaniel, author, b. Ports- mouth. N.ll,, 1756 ; d. Exeter, Aug. 5, 1829. Dartni. Coll. 1775. _ He began the study of law with (Icn. Sullivan; but, before the ex- piration of his term, was app. clerk of the N.H. Superior Court, and for more than fifty years officiated in the courts of the State. He was the reporter of the first vol. of " Decisions of the N.H. Court," pub. 1819, and author of " Annals of Portsmouth," 1825 ; one of the founders of the N.H. Hist. Society. Adams, Nehemiah, D.D., Cong, clergv- man, b. Salem, Ms., Feb. 19 1806. H. U. 1826 ; And. Theol. Sem. 1829. Settled as col- league with Rev. Dr. Holmes of the First Church, Cambridge, Dec. 17, 1829, and since Mar. 26, 1834, has been pastor of the Essex- st. Church, Boston. Many years an officer of the Amer. Tract Soc. and of the A. B. C. F. M. An eloquent and earnest preacher. Dr. Adams took an active part in the Uni- tarian controversy, and has pub. " Remarks on the Unitarian Belief;" "The Friends of Christ," 1851 ; " Autobiog. of Thos. Shepard," &c., 1832; "Life of John Eliot," 1847; " Southside View of Slavery," 1854, present- ing a favorable view of the institution ; " Cor- respondence with Gov. Wise of Va." on the bame subject ; occasional discourses, &c. He was a frequent contributor to the Spirit of the Pilgrims, Boston, 1826-33. Adam.S, Samcel, one of the foremost of the Revol. patriots, b. Boston, Sept. 27, 1722; d. there Oct. 2, 1803. H. U. 1740. LL.D. 1792. Samuel and Pres. John Adams were great-grandsons of the son of Henry, the first emigrant. His father, Samuel, many years a rep. in the Ms. Assembly, d. 1747. He"studied for the ministry. On receiving I he degree of A.M. in 1743, he proposed, and took the af- firmative in the discussion of, tlie question, " Whether it be lawful to resist the supreme magistrate, if the commonwealth cannot other- wise be preserved 1 " About the same time he pub. a pamphlet called Englishmen's Rights. Unsuccessful as a merchant, as a writer he soon became eminent, preserving by his efforts the estate of his father, which had been at- tached on account of the " Land Bank Bub- ble." His able writings in opposition to the administration of Shirley procured him public esteem and confidence. App. tax collector, his political opponents styled him " Samuel the Publican." He was a member of a politi- cal club which originated important meas- ures ; fomented hostility to the Stamp Act, ihe tea-duty, and other aggressive measures; and drew up the instructions of the town of Bos- ton in May, 1764, to its representatives, against Grenville's schemes of parliamentary taxation. Elected a representative in 1765, he was chosen clerk, and for nearly ten years was the soul of that assembly. Courageous and ardent, he was yet prudent, and knew how to bend the passions of others to his pur- pose. He is said to have suggested the congress which assembled at N. Y. in 1765. In conse- quence of the act imposing duties, in 1767, Adams suggested the non-importation agree- ment, which took effect Jan. 1, 1769. On the day following the " massacre " of Mar. 5, 1770, he addressed a public meeting with impressive eloquence, and was chairman of the committee to demand of Gov. Hutchinson the immedi- ate removal of the troops. The stern and in- flexible patriot carried his point, and clearly exposed the fallacy of Hutchinson's reply to the demand. Committees of correspondencB were in 1772 first adopted by Ms., on motion the provinces. To I him to make his peace with the king, he re- plied, " I trust I have long since made my peace with the King of kings. No personal considerations shall induce me to abandon the righteous cause of my country." He was one of those who matured the plan of a general congress ; was one of the first delegates ; and was an .active member from Sept. 5, 1774, to 1781, rendering most important services to his country. The last official act of the British Government in Ms. was to proscribe John Hancock and Samuel Adams, June 12, 1775. He was one of the earliest and most zealous ad- vocates of independence, which he had avowed as early as 1769, and which he wished to have declared immediately after the battle of Lex- ington. With John Adams he made the draft of the State Constitution, 1779, and also the address of the convention to the people. Pres- ident of the senate of Ms. in 1781. Member of the convention which adopted the Federal AX>-A. Constitution in Feb. 1788, though objecting to some of its provisions : some of his amend- ments, afterwards agreed to, now form a part of that instrument. Lieut-gov. of Ms. 1789- 9i; gov. 1794-7. His only son, Samuel, b. Oct. 27, 1741 (H. U. 1770), studied medicine under Dr. Joseph Warren, served as a suri;eon during the war, and d. Jan. 17, 1788. Though poor, Samuel Adams possessed a lofty and in- corruptible spirit, was pure in morals, and grave and austere in manner, though warm in his feelings. An enthusiastic love of liberty, an inextinguishable hatred of tyranny, great promptness of decision, and inflexible firmness, were his promineutcharacteristics. His Revol. services were not surpassed by those of any in- dividual. From the commencement of the dis- putes, he was incessantly employed, — writing State papers from 1765 to 1774, planning and organizing clubs and committees, haranguing in town-meetings, or filling the columns of the public prints adapted to the spirit and temper of the times. As a speaker, he was pure, con- cise, logical, and impressive; and the energy of his diction was not inferior to the depth of his mind. Jefferson attributed to him a greater share than to . any other member of Con- gress in advising and directing its measures in the northern war. He was jealous of all delegated power, even in the hands of a Washington. He was a warm admirer of the Frencli Revol., and belonged to the Republi- can or Jeffersonian parly. His wife, Elizabeth, dau. of Rev. Samuel Checkley, whom he m. Oct. 17, 1749, was a most exemplary woman. Adams pub. a Dllcrlo Ihe Earl uf UdUhuroNqh, v. /. ■ith i.lited by his grandson, Williiim V. Wells. 3 vols. 8vo, 1866. Adams, Seth, inventor, b. Rochester, N.H., Apr. 13, 1807. Apprenticed to a cabi- netmaker; removed to Boston in 1828; worked in a machine-shop; began business for him- selfin 1831 ; in 1833 became interested in the printing-press invented by his bro. Isaac ; erected a new machine-shop in 1836, and em- barked largely in manufacturing the new press, and establislud the firm of I. & S. Adams, which continued until 1856, with great pecuniary profit. In 1849 he began the busi- ness of sugar-refining ; and in 1859 built in So. Boston an establishment for this purpose, which is one of the most nuteworthy in the world. He has been a member of the city council and of the board of public works. M. A. of Bowd. Coll., to which ho gave a con- siderable sum for the enlargement of their buildings. Resides in Newton, Ms. Adams, William, D.D. (N. Y. U. 1842), LL.D. (N. S Coll. 18C9) ; b. Colchester, Ct., 1807. Yale Coll. 1827. His fiuher, John Adams, LL.D., principal of the Colchester Acad., and afterward of that at Andover, Ms., d. Jack.'onville, III., Apr. 24, 1863. a 90. Yale Coll. 1795. At 27 he left his N. E. pari>h to vi.sil the South for his health, bec.ime pastor of the Broome-st. Church, N. Y. (1835-53), and has since been pastor of the New School Pres- byterian Church, cor. 24th St. s Ave., N.Y. City. Besides sermons, Dr. Adama has pub. " The Three Gardens, — Eden, Geth- semane, and Paradise." Adams, William T., "Oliver Optic," writer of juvenile books, b. Medway, Ms., July 30, 1822. 20 years a teacher; for 6 vears he was principal of the Boylston and Bowditch Schools, Boston. He has pub. "Boat Club," " Woodville," and "Army and Navy" series, 6 vols, each ; " Riverdale," 12 vols. ; " Young & Shepard, Boston, and have attained great popularity. He has for some years edited Oli- ver Optic's Mai/azine for Boi/s and Girls. Adams, Winborn, Revol. officer of Dur- ham, N.H., mortallv wounded at the battle of Stillwater, Sept. 19, 1777. Capt. 2d N. H. regt., 1775 ; maj. in 1776 ; lieut.-eol. in Reid's regt. in the spring of 1777. Adams, Zabdiel, minister of Lunenburg, Ms., b. Bniintree, Nov. 5, 1739 ; d. Mar. 1, 1801. H. U. 1759. Ord. Sept. 5, 1764. His father was uncle to Pres. John Adams. Ah. 1774, he pub. a pamphlet maintaining that a pastor had a negative upon the proceedings of the church. Some ministers, in consequence of embracing this doctrine, lost their parishes. He pub. sermons on "Church Music," 1771 ; "Christian Unity," 1772; " Election Sermon," 1781 ; on Apr. 19, 1783, and at the ordination of E. Whipple, 1788. Addlngton, Isaac, sec. of the province of Ms., b. Jan. 22, 1645, in Boston ; d. there Mar. 19, 1715. Son of Isaac Addington, sur- geon, by Anne, sister of Gov. Levereti. and was bred to his father's profession. Meniber of the house of representatives and spt-akor in 1685; an assist, in 1686; was one of those who opposed the administration of Sir Edmund Andros, and on its overthrow, Apr. 1689, was chosen clerk of the Council of Safety, to whom the government was committed by the people. Sec. from his appointment in 1690 till his death, — a period of nearly 26 years. Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1693 to 1702, and chief justice of the Superior Court in 1702-3. He was many years chosen to the council, and was successively clerk, registrar, and judge of the Probate Court of Suffolk; holding the latter office from 1702 till 1715. He was as remarkable for his modesty as for his gn at integrity, wisdom, and industry. Addison, Alexander, a disting. "lawyer of Pittsburg, Pa., b. 1759; d. Nov. 24, 1807. He was judge of that circuit 12 years; was an accomplished scholar and a cultivated writer. He pub. "Observations on Gallatin's Speecli," 1798; "Analysis of the Report of a Commit- tee of the Va. Assembly," 1800; " Penn. Re- port Adet (a'da'), PiEKRE Augustus, French politician and chemist, b. Paris, 1763; d. ah. 1832. Brought up in the artillery service, he quitted it to devote himself to the study of the sciences, but, engaging in polities, was success- ively chief of the administration of the Colo- nies, member of the council of mines, colleague of the minister of marine in 1793, resident at Geneva in 1794, ambassador to the U. S. in 10 l8o;i chemical works. In ir'n . :> 1 i' i..ii- grcss, on the |iart oi tli'' I . ■ ■ colored fl:vu, and in 1 7, : , ; :, - - State the tamuus note ih .., . l'...:n!\ declared that the tia- •■! , -■. Muid treat all neutral tiags'as i :. ; iliein- selves to be treated by t:, i ._ . — i ueela- ration regarded by our -u' ■ : nm n; ,i- . ,,iiirary to the tenor of tiie treaty ot ITTS. Adet then suspended his f'unetious, and returned to France. Adler, George J., Ph.D., author, b. Leip- sic, Gennanv, 1821 ; d. Bloomingdale Insane Asylum, N. J., Aug. 24, 1868. U. of N.Y. 1844. He came to the U.S. in 18.33 ; was pro£p of German at the U. of N.Y. from 1846 to 1854, and, until he lost his reason in 1860, was a teacher, and writer of text-books. Among his works are a German grammar, 1846 ; a reader, 1847; a dictionary, 1848, aiid a manual of German literature, 18.")';, a i.iii:i -iiniiiiu 1 858; translations of tlie- I ,_ ii, > i, and a history of Pruv.. , r i i Fauriel, 1860; notes on : \_ n -i iEsehylus, 1861 ; and hi- I: . iru of Nathan the Wise,'' in /' .- for Sept. 1868. Hedelive.-! , , .\ V. on " Honian Literature" iii 1^ -', j . i i i 1-04 on Goethe'» " Fau»t." His - Letters of a Luna- tie ■' appeared in 1854. Adl'ain, HoiiERT, LL. D., mathematician, b. Carrieklergus, Ireland, Sept. 30, 1775; d. N. Brunswick, N.J., Aug. 10, 1843. He taught school. Was dangerously wounded in the Irish rebellion of 1798, in which he command- ed a company ; escaped pursuit, and, arriving ely at Prince- Pa., and was a laiabled i , .: ,v ,,i Humboldt .ualM... .H,n I.. |.:i . 111. UP :, I « , ak .,11 - FoSsil He arrived in Boston in 1846, intending to study the natural history and geology of the country, and lectured there on the animal kingdom and on the glaciers. Returning in the summer of 1847 from a journey south. Prof. Bache, superintendent of the U.'S. Coast the CI iidied ', and another I. In 1861, he prof, of .Y., in N.Y., tauiiht school ton, N.J., York and lieai contributor to a seieniilie i and to the AuimUsl in Pli matics and natural philosophy in Rutgers Coll. in 1810-13, and in Col. CoU.'in 1813-25; from 1827 to 1834 was prof, of mathematics in the U. of Pa., and also vice-provost ; and after- wards engaged in teaching in N.Y. He was a member of many scientific bodies in Europe and America ; edited an improved edition of " Mutton's Mathematics," also a periodical, the Mathematical Diary, in 1825-8, and pub. papers on " The Figure and Magnitude of the Karth," and on " Gravity " in the periodicals of a-see), LODIS John Rd- I). ill the parish of Mottier, jaiel, Switzerland, May 28, . ,.„^.iot descent : his father was pastor of St. Imier. He studied at Bieniie and the Coll. of Lausanne, at the Zurich medical school (l.'!24-5), and at the universities for iMti! '^ : !iii-'s lectures on philos- o]ih\ , 11 1,1 '111 tins in his great work on iji.i i, uiii, 1 nil- help of Cotta the pub- lisher, "as eiianie.i tu complete his " Natural History of the Fresh Water Fishes of Eurojie." Receiving at Erlangen the degree of Ph. D., and at Munich that of M. D., he next studied Lake 1807., ull. (1852-4), he bi i.f that coast. In 1865, he le results of which, ** A by Mrs. Agassiz, was pub. vol., by C. F. Hartt, in received the Coplev Medal from the Koval .Society ot Lundun. From the Aim. I i ! .■-. h 1:1 •, i'.ii I- !.'■ 1.1^ 1 r, ivcd the JIi,:, I, .. , r : la, OS., and ihr 1 ,, . 1' '.'. ' .11,' li.il from tin- :.>,. - 1. .:'. I :i. Molal of Merit from la i-., I' ■ i Member of the leading . nil inutrihutor to the proiiiii. n : . i m n il- 111 I':urope and Amerira. i.l.li ni iln Laiuer.sities of Dublin and Edinburgh. His researches upon the glaciers of the Alps are embodied in "Etudes sur les Glaeieres," 1840, and " Sys- teme Glaciale," 1847. Among his works are "Lake Superior," 8vo, 1850, and "Contri- butions to the Natural Hist, of the U. S.," of which four vols, only have yet appeared; " Methods of Study in Natural Hist. ; " Geo- logical Sketches," "Tlie Structure of Animal Life," 8vo, 1862; and "Twelve Lectures on Comparative Embryology," before the Lowell Institute, Boston, 1849. Agate, Fkederick S., artist, b. Sparta, N.Y., 1807; d. N.Y. City, May, 1844; visited Italy in 1835; was an assiduous student ia art, but d. without leaving any works of very great interest. Of those he left, the best known are, "Dead Christ and Mother," " Co- lumbus and the Egg," " The Ascension," and " Count Ugolino." Agnel, Hyacinth R., teacher of French at West I'oint Milit. Acad, since Feb. 4, 1840, b. N. Y.; d. West Point, N. Y., ab. Feb. 15, 1871. Author of a "Treatise on Chess," 1867, and " Tabular System of French Instruction." J.\MES, a British gen., killed at ot Germantown, l,)ct. 4, 1777. Maj. 58th Foot, Dec. 1757; lieut.-col. 44th, Dec. 1704; came to Boston late in 1775; was engaged at Brooklyn Heights, Aug. 27, 1776; when, as well as in the tbllowing campaign, -A.GTJ he com. the 4th brijjaJc of the royal army. He com. a detachment uirder Gov. Tryon, in his e.xpeii. to Danbury, Apr. 26, 1777, and was at the battle of Brandywine, where he was sli^ihtly wounded by a cannon-ball. Aguirre (a-gei'-ra), Lope de, a Spanish adventurer. He went to Peru during the exped. of Orsua, in quest of the imaginary Eldorado (1560-Gl), a hi.story of which has been written by Soutliey, and committed great atrocities. He prompted Orsua to seize su- preme power, then killed him to obtain his place ; and from that time committed frequent murders. He d. by violence in Venezuela. Ahuitzol, emperor of the Aztecs ab. the close of the l.Tth century, is said to have en- larged his cmi)ire, and to have expended large sums in building canals and public edifices in Mexico. Tradition says, that, in 14SG, he in- augurated a temple by the slauglitcr of 72,344 prisoners, the bntclin\ l,i liiu I" .] r, -. Aiken.WiLi.i ^ -i ' i, ■ ' ■ .n, S.o., 1806. S. ('. I •■: 1 ' \ , :,. ,11!- forsome lime in i: i ! I J'l. and in I8::n ', , .1 : .. , Island, :: - ■.■•. '. i ' :.• '• ., heempl^a ■ ' I . ;. I I ■, ,, 2,000 aei-- -I ; ,-r M ■n,:,. ,■ .,i i.i.'M.j.' i. •■_•!.:, in 1844-6; and representative to Congress from 1851 to 1857. A Democrat of the Cal- houn school : he was supported by that party in Congress for ilir -p' .il.ri ^Iili,, an^I la ke.l but one vote. IL i i ■ _ ! , i . tlie local enterprises la : . : . i_ .i^e donations to the Mipliai A-iiua ^.| I liarlrs- ton, and contrib. to the eiulnwinent uf tlie Charleston Coll. and other public institutions of his native city. He took no part in the Rebellion. Aikman, Alexander, loyalist editor, b. Scotland, 1755 ; d. Prospect Pen, St. Andrews, Jamaica, July, 1838. At 16, he emigrated to Charleston, S.C., and was apprenticed to Rob- ert WelK, I li irn 111 It the country at the Revol., an I :; i i .1 aiaiea, where he estab- lished ill ' ' /ay, afterward the Roi/ut f/'i: 111 \\ ;, many years a member of the House uf Assembly, and printer to that body and to the king. In 1795, he sailed for Great Britain, but was captured on the pas- sage, and compelled to ransom his property. — Aillebout, Lotjis d', gov. of Canada 1647-51 ; d. Quebec, 1660. He came to Cana- da with colonists for the Island of Montreal ; administered its government in the absence of Maisonneuve ; was afterward gov. of Three Rivers, and, while gov. of Canada, endeavored, unsuccessfully, to form a combination with the N.-EnL'laiid governors to stop the encroach- Ainslie, Hew, poet, b. Baugeny Mains, Cani.k lii-fii t, Avr-hire, Scotland, Apr. 5, 17'- 11' i a a,,J "a I education, and in la I rill ;. ,, V...-M a, (aa,gow to .study law. Julv 26, and purchased a small farm in Iloosle, N.Y. In 1825, he removed to the West, tried New Harinony one year, and, finding; it a fad- ure, settled down as a brewer at Ship|)ing])urt, Ky. In 1829, he built a brewery in Louisville, which was ruined by an inundation of the Ohio in 1832. Another in New AHiany, Ind., was destroyed by fire in 1834. He has since em- ployed himself in superintending the erection of breweries, mills, and distilleries, at the West, and is a resident of Louisville, Ky. On the eve of his departure from Scotland, Ainslie pub. "A Pilgrimage to the Land of Burns," a volume of notes interspersed with numerous songs and ballads suggested by a visit to his early home in Ayrshire. These, with his other songs, ballads, and poems, wliich originally appeared in various maga- zines, were jiuli.'in 1.S55. — Oiii/cLinck. Ainsworth, L.vnAS, minister of Jaffrey, N.H., b. Woodstock, Ct., Julv 19, l-.'i7; d. Ja"f- frey, NIL, Mar. 17, 1S5S. Darim. Coll. 1778. Son of Capt. Wm. Ainswortli. Ord. first pastnr of tlie .biueh at Jaffivv, Dee. 10, 1782, Aitken, Robert, b. Scotland, 1734; d. came to Phila. in 170'.) Maijazine, or Am, /. aa Jan. 1775 to .Inia i . ; Witherspoon I'l taehment to tir - i into prison in 177 7 . dence in the ] a , he pub. the lii ■ \ Bible, by which h- « nedi Ilia iva.,1 iLi iiuii.-a, i.iiiiiijiirgn, passing some of bis time at Kiuniel House, as the amanuen- sis of Dugald Stewart, and left it in 1822 to emigrate to the U. S. He landed at N.Y. City . \ Y. In 1782, I II ion of the !■' I nni.nily a loser. He is the supposed antlmr of "An Inquiry concerning tlie Principles of a Commercial System for the U.S.," 1787. Akerly, Sa.mi'i;l. M. D., phvsician, b. 1785; a "^ait. a I- a .1, -la v C, l'845. Col. Coll.la' 1 11 ^: ... a u .. . : a. withhisbro.- in-Iaw, a 1 ■,:,.' : la , ■ - l.aing a large contii'maa ai an 'la il an.l - a niilic journals, he was a f)nnilar and most eftkient supporter of the institutions for the deaf and dumb, and for the blind. Author of " Essay on the Geol- ogy of the Hudson River," 1820; "Observa- tions on Deafness," 1821. Akerman, Amos T., U.S., atty.-gen., app. Jan. I.'), 1870, b. N.IL 1819 ; adra. to the bar in 1841; removed to Elbcrton, Ga. in 1850; U.S. atty. for Georgia, 1866-70. Akers, Benja.min Paul, sculptor, b. Sac- arappa, ile., July 10, 1825 ; d. Phila., May 21, 1S61. At 18 be went to Portland, where he worked in a printing-office; but the siu'ht of Chaiitrey's statue of Washington in the State House, Boston, led him to become a sulpior. raodellail a. I -. ,a' I ,.ai .■!< ;a..i , a'l.i ..,', r. In I851-:J, 1.' 1 i-.l ll ;■>. aaa ,a, ', a,, . aa tO Portluna a, : . 1 „ ,,a,,. >a ■' 1: a, in Egypt,- ua.a.i u.,„ exlii..iad ,.i tia: X.Y. Crystal Palace in 1SJ3. During a subsequent visit to Washington, he produced busts of Judge McLean, Edward Everett, Gerritt Smith, ' Dta Jan. 1855, lie again two years in Rome, Una and the Lion," eth of Hungary," tlie lid an ideal head of his best Milton, his last tion in Rome. In 1859, he revisited Rome, where he modelled a statue of Com. M. C. Perry for the N.Y. Central Park. On return- ing to America in 18G0, he established himself first in Portland, and then in Phila., where he died of consumption. He executed about 40 portrait Imsts and statues, besides some mar- hie copies from the antique. He contrlb. papers on an and artists to the Atlantic Month- lif. His wife, Elizabeth Akers, has contrib. to juvenile literature under the pseudonym of " Florence Percy." A vol. of her poems was pub. in Boston in 1866. Alaman (ii-la-miin'), Don Lucas, Mexican statesman, b. in the State of Guanaxuato ; d. Mexico, June 15, 1853. Educated at the Coll. of La Minerva, he entered the Mexican army soon after the breaking-out of the war of independence. Soon relinquishing the mil- itary profession for that of the law, he devoted himself assiduously to politics. After the de- position of Iturbide, Alaman became minister of foreign affairs; retiring on the return of the former in 1824. He then visited Europe; but upon the overthrow of Guerrero in Dec. suraed his former office. Out of a state of the greatest confusion, under his hands, the country soon emerged to a settled and orderly ufactuies. Santa Anti, however, lielieving Alaman to be interfering with his plans, suc- ceeded in driving him from public life. He re-appeared in 18.37, upon the return ofBusta- mente to power; and afterwards became recon- ciled with Santa Ana, who. Mar. 17, 1853, on again coming into power, conferred on him the office of minister for foreign affairs. Alarcon, Hernando de, a Spanish navi- gatorof the 16th century, to whom we owe the first precise knowledge of California. He sailed May 9, 1540, in the service of Spain; missed a junction with the exped. of Corona- do on the western coast of America, and, re- turning to New Spain in 1541, drew up his maps and observations. His discoveries and those of UUoa were so complete, that the map of California of 1541 differs little from that made in our own day. Alarcon y Mendoza (a-lar-k6n e mSn- dd tha), DON JcAN Rciz de, a celebrated Spanish-American poet, b. of a noble family at Tashco, Mex. ab. 1600. He was employed in Spain in 1622 ; and in 1628 is named lida- tar del real Consejo de las Indias. At a celebrat- ed _/e(e in Madrid in 1634, he was a competi- tor, and bore off the prize, for a dramatic com- position. A writer in the Nouvelle Biographie f/n/wrse/fc (Ferd. Denis) calls him "The great- est poet that America has yet produced." His comedies were pub. Madrid, 1 528 ; a second vol. in Barcelona, 1634. Some of his pieces have since been repub. in some Spanish collec- tions.— iVo«y. fi/o,/. Kiii,'. Alcott, Amos Bronson, teacher and , ^^ i ,(^(^ philosopher, b. Wolcott, Ct., Nov. 29, 1799. {f-. Nv^^l.'oPC While a boy, he was a vender of merchandise in a small way among the plantations of Va. On his return to Ct , he taliglit an infant school; removed to Boston in r>'2S. ainl ac- quired reputation as a teacher nl imin^ , liil- dren at the Masonic Temple, (s'. ■ lir.,,,.! of a School," E. P. Peabody. li.-td;,. Is;;i ) Mr. Alcott then removed to Concord, interest- ing himself in the study of natural theology, and the various questions of reform in educa- tion, diet, civil and social institutions. On his return from Eng. in 1842, he lM..n:;I]t with him two of his English frien.ls, I", n l> - I, me and H. G. Wright; and Mr, l.aia l,a,in- bouglitafarmcalled"Fruitlanil>. at Uanai.i, Ms., they all went there to found a new com- munity. Messrs. Lane and Wright soon re- turned to Eng., and the scheme was aban- doned. Mr. Alcott removed to Boston, and has led the life of a peripatetic philosopher, conversing in cities and in villages, whenever invited, on theoretical and practical questions. He attaches great importance to diet, and gov- ernment of the body, aii.l t., r.ire aiiM cumplex- ion. Author of " Ttililet^, " ]nili. m iSiiS, and " Conv 2 vols.. is the author of "Little Women," " The ' fashioned Girl," " Moods," " Hospital Sketch- es " (1863), "Emily Chester," and "Little ■nswith CliiMivii,,!, ilirtiosiiels," (1 , .,(. Louisa .Mw A... ,,, i, his dau., ^.^X y,'^^^ Men." Alcott, Wm. Alex., M D., )r, cousin of A. B. Alcott, b. 6, 1798; d. Auburndale, Ms , Ma )., physician am itlior, cousin of A. B. Alcott, b. \Volcott, Ct. and he pori.M hiin-rli niiiil L'."i In ;.i 1 1 1 1 1 ; i .; ,i nil teach- in,-- 1 ' ■ I i: ■ , : ,1 ■ i,, ,1 medi- eiiic ,:, I ;. - , I ,, |.|ivsic a tew , I - .J . ii_, ,::,,! ,iiii, William Wn.. :.,iing school-geographies aii'l I 1 he Annals of Education" aial I I:, I,; Uambler." He wrote upon seliiinl ]-, 1 , Ml ilir Hartford and N. Haven papers, gtiiiiing a premium from the American Institute of Instruction for his article on the " Construction of Sehoolhouses." Abandon- ing animal food and all drinks bnt water in 1830, his health graduailv iiii|iiuv.,i. Remov- ing to Boston in Jiiti.,' I - ; ;. \„- myaged in various reforms in morals, i ilur.iiiun. ami physi- cal training, having fur hi- object the preven- tion of vice, disease, and poverty, and the dis- semination of physiological knowledge. He lectured in different parts of the country. He pub. above 100 works, among them "YoiJng Man's Guide;" "The House I Live In;" "Young Woman's Guide;" "Young House- keeper:" "Library of Health," 6 vols.; " Moral Reform ; " " My Progress in Error ; " "Young Mother;" "Young Husband;" "Young Wife;" and "Prize Essay on To- bacco." Alden, Ebenezer, M.D., b. Randolph, Ms., Mar. 17, 1788. H. U. 1S08. M.D., U. ofPenn.1812. Practices medicine in R. Au- thor of "Alden Memorial," 1867; "Memoir AJL.Ii of Mrs. M. A. 0. Chirk," 1837; and "Hist. Sketch of Ms. Med. Soc," 1838. Alden, Ich.a.bod, col. Revol. army, b. Dux- bury, Ms., Aug. 11, 1739; d. Nov. 10, 1778. His father, Capt. Samuel (d. 1781, a. 9i), was grandson of John, one of the original settlers of Plymouth. Icliaborl was lieut.-col. of tlie Plymouth regt. before the Revol., lieut.-col. of L. Baldwin's regt. at the siege of Boston, and col. 7th Mass. regt. until slain by the Indians at Cherry Valley. Alden, J.^mes, rear-admiral U. S. N., b. Pn, tl :;, : M. , Mir ".] . I«in. Midshipman .\ I I : : ! " ' J "' I - ; 1 , i oinraander, ^ ; . ! ' i , . .1 : J 1 ■ ■mmodore, .liii\_i.i "■ .\;,i.ji -i lo \\'i,Ki'^V cr.xploring exped. in l^.;J-+:;. iJunnL.' the Mexican war was at Vera Cruz, Tuspan, and Tobasco ; com. steamer " South Carolina" early in 1861 ; re- enforccd Fui t Pickens ; attacked the batteries in the rear i.l' ( ; Ii .i.n, .ml captured 13 schoon- ers laden 1 I III ■; com. steam-sloop "Eichniiiiii I , I ue of Forts Jackson and St. l'liiii|i ,iu.i . . .: if N. Orleans; at the passage ot the \ , , -'ini j Iiu;' ri-^ iw i.i' ; at Port Hudson, I i "|i "Brooklyn" in tlir , i i . n, and Gaines and rcljr; ^nn .. h : i ' l.i >; I; n ; and in the two attacks on !■ ort !■ l^hl•r. He took part in nearly all the great naval battles of the war, and was honorably mentioned in the offi- cial reports. App. ill A]ir. ISiiO chief of the bu- reau of II .Mj.eiiiii iiiii! il l,.i'. — If I. ■ ' . Aldea, i n'^ i'. r^^.: •• >''■'>■. d.Duxhiii. .; , - ••• [J, 1.. :. II V ;. 1, : .1 Mavfiower " victualed, .■-i-n 3d the comp.act in her" cabin in 1620, and ab. 1621 m. Priscilla Mullens. He was many years an assist, to the governor ; and by his wisdom, integrity, and decision attained a commanding influence over his associates, although the youngest of the Pilgrims. Alden, Joseph, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1838), LL D. (Coll. Col. 1857), b. Cairo, N.Y., Jan. 4, 1807. Un. Coll. 1829. He studied 2 years at the Princeton Sem. ; was 2 years tutor in Princeton Coll. Ord. pastor at Williamstown, Ms., July 3, 1834; prof, in Williams Coll. from Aug. 1835 to 1852; prof, of moral pliilos. in Lafiiyctte Coll., Pa. 1852-7 ; pres. of Jeflfer- son Coll., Pa . 1857-G7; and, since 1807, pr'S. of theX.Y, -M..' N.M-,n;;l S. •'.... I Ai, l:Mr,,r numeron- '.' ■ . • '■• ■' > f Intell. riiT ■■ '■ ^ ■ •■ • ■ ■ . .'M I u, Connect! ■:!! Am.': i ■ m Ir-MiiU' u " jn.I •\Chri>tian Eiliic" At one time cilitof, an.l lortg a contributor to the N Y. Obsenvr. — Al- den Memoricd. Alden, Rooek, maj. Eevol. armv, b. Leb- anon, Ct., 1748; d. West Point, Nov. 5, 1836. Y. C. 1773. Some time aide to Gen. (ireene ; agent of the Holland Land Co., residint; at Meadville, Pa., from 1795 to 1825 ;. ordnance storekeeper at West Point from Jan/20, 1825, till bis death. ' Alden, Timothy, D.D , Cong, clergyman and educator, b. Yarmouth, Ms., Aug. 28, 1771; d. Pittsburg, Pa., July 5, 1839. H. U. 1794. Son of Rev. Timothy of Yarmouth (H. U. 1762 ; d. Nov. 13, 1828). He was from Nov. 20, 1799, to Aug. 11, 1805, minister of Ports- mouth, N.H., where he taught school from 1800 to 1808, and in 1810-17 taught in the acad. at Newark, N.J. Removing to N.Y., he prepared and pub. his collection of Epitaphs in 5 vols. 1814, and while teaching in Bos- ton, in 1808-10, made the valuable Catalogue of the Liiirary of the N. Y. Hist. Society. He next removed to Meadville, Pa., where he founded Alleghany Coll., of which he was first pres. (inaug. July 28, 1817), and for which he collected a valuable library. Want of patron- age caused his withdrawal from the college Nov. 11, 1831 ; and he resumed educational labors in Cincinnati in 1832, and in 1834 took charge of an acad. at East Liberty, near Pitts- burg, Pa. He pub. "An Account of Sundry Missions among the Senecas," N.Y. 12ino, 1827; "New-Jersey Register," 1811 and 1812; Alleffhany Magazine, 1816; "History of the Pine-Cieek Ch.," 1839. During the year be- fore his death, he preached as stated su])ply to the people ia Sharpsburg. — Sprague: Al- den Memorial. Alden, Timothy, inventor of a machine for setting and distributing type, b. Barnsta- ble, Ms., 1819; d. N.Y., Dec. 4, 1858. He was 6th in descent from John Alden, the Mayflower Pilgrim. When very voiiiil;, and a compositor in his bro.'s printing oliice, he said, " If I live, I will invent a madiine to do this tiresome work." He steadily pursued this object, and after 20 years' labor accomplished it. It was improved after liis death by Henry W. Allien. Aldrieh, James, poet, b. near the Hud- son, Suffolk Co., N.Y., 1810; d. N.Y., Oct. 1856. Educated partly in Orange Co., and partly in N.Y. City. In 1836 he quitted mer- cantile for literary pursuits. He edited sev- eral popular periodicals, and in 1840 estab- lished the LUerary Gazette, in which first appeared many of the poems which established his reputation. One of these, " A Death-Bed Scene," is familiar to most readers. He sub- sequently engaged again in business under the style of Aldrieh & Barton. — Sec specinv-ns of ' Griswold's "Poets and Poctnj of Aldrieh, Thom.\s B mouth, N.H., Nov. 11, youth in La. ; was 3 yeai in N. Y. ; then became publishing-house ; and was afterward a writer lor the N. Y. Eveninej Mirror, and an ' on Tlie Home Journal, and Salnrdmi \ILET, poet, b. Ports- 836. He passed his 3 in a counting-house ' reader " for a large He has contrib. many poem • Putnam's M untidy, Tl,.' /. 7/)- er's Monthlji, and the.4(/i' been reprinted in Loud. II in'-. ' 1 m I'.ells," 1854 ; " Daisy's Necklace, ' I's.jG ; " The Ballad of Baby Bell," and other Poems ; " " Tlie Course of True Love," &c , 1858; "Pampinea, and other Poems," 1861 ; " Out of bis Head," a prose romance, 1862; "Poems," 1863 and 1865; "The Story of a Bad Boy," 1869.— Dui/ckinck. Aldridge, Ira, a mulatto actor of merit, b. at Bellair near Bait., Md., 1804; d. Lodz, Polonia, Aug. 7, 1867. Entering in 1826 the BeiTice of Edmund Kean, he is said to iiave accompanied bim to Eng., where ho stud- ied for the stage. He subsequently made an unsuccessful attempt at tlie Mud Theatre, Bait., but shortly afterwards returned to Eng. He made his debut at the Eoyalty 'J'heatre, ferred In Venice," " Hugo,' Me " Zaiiga," " Onizemba," " I'izarro," &c., he was generally regarded as one of the ablest and most faithful interpret- ers of Shakspeare's best characters. He first appeared at Cuvent Garden Theatre, Apr. 10, 18.33, as Othello. At Belfitst, Ireland, he played Othello to Kean's lago, and also Orozemba to his Alboin. Upon the Continent, where he performed in the principal cities, he received tokens of high approbation. The King of Prussia wrote him an autograph-letter accom- panying the first-class medal of art and sci- ence. The Emperor of Austria conferred on him the grand cross of Leopold ; and at Berne he received the medal of merit in the shape of a magnificent Maltese cross. His wife was a white woman. Alemany, Joseph Sadoc, C.S.D., R. C. archbishop of California, consee. bishop of Monterev, June 30, 1850; made archb'p. July 29, 1853^ Alexander, Abraham, chairman of the famous Mecklenburg Convention in Mav, 1775 ; d. near Charlotte, N.C., Apr. 23, 1786, a. 68. He was a magistrate of Mecklenb. Co., and represented it in the colonial legisl. Alexander, Archibald, D.U. (N.J. Coll. 1810), Presbyterian divine, b. Rockbridge Co., Va., Apr. 17,1772; d. Princeton, N.j., Oct. 22, 1S5I. His grandfather, Archibald, came from Ireland to Pa. in 1736, removing ab. 1738 to Va. At the age of 10, he was sent to the acad. of Rev. Wm. Graham at Timber Ridge meeting-house. At the age of 17, he became tutorin the family of Gen. John Posey. He studied theology ; was licensed Oct. 1, 1791 ; and was for seven years an itin- erant missionary in his native State. Succeed- ing Dr. Smith in the presidency of Hampden Sidney Coll. in 1796, he resigned that, and also his pastoral charge, in 1801. In 1802, he m. J;inetta, dau. of the celebrated blind preacher, Dr. Waddel, and resumed his former position at Hampden Sid. Coll., but, ow- ing to the insubordination of the students, accepted a call from the Pine-st. Church, Phila., where he was installed pastor, Mav 20, 1807. From 1811 to his death, he wa's prof, of the theological semin'y at Prince- ton. Author of " Outlines of thi: Evidences of Christianitv," 1823; "Treatise on the Can- on of Chi New 1826; ivs on nscls of distinguished American clergymen and alumni of the college of N.J. He also con- tributed to the Biblical Repertory and other periodicals, and left a»number of works in manuscript. (See his life by his son, Dr. J. ]V. Ahxauder. N. Y., 1854.) — Sprogue. Alexander, Barton Stone, brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A., h. Kv 1819.^ West Point, 1842. 2d lieut. K-=- !■' ■■;- S-i-t :'->, 1 = ;?: -:-.t. July i,ie-'-, • ' • ■ ■• ' .!••'■ ; I I • 1 ■ !■ ,:i Run; l)r^^ ' \ . '■ \ ., i Yorktown, ji l/r, Archibald. Tu- tor in N..). Coll. in 1S24. He was a minister in Charlotte Co., Va., from 1825 to 1827; in Trenton, N.J., from 1829 to 1832, and of the Uiuine-st. Church, N.Y. City, from 1844 to 1S51, when he was elected pastor of the Fifth- avc. Church Editor of tlie Presbyterian news- paper pub. in Phila. from 1830 to 1833 ; prof, or rhetoric and belles lettres in N J. Coll. in 1833-44; and from 1849 to 1851 prof of ecclesiastical history and church government in the theological sem. at Princeton. The degree of D.D was conferred on him by La- fayette Coll. Pa., in 1843, and by H. Coll. in 1854. He pub. a vol. of sermons entitled •' Consolation; " "Thoughts on Family Wor- ship ;" " The Amer. Mechanic and Working- man ;" a biofjraphy of his father. Dr. Archibald Alc.\Mndcr; "Discourses on Chri^tian Faith and Practice," 1858 ; a vol. of " Sacramental Discourses," and " Gift to the Afflicted ; " "Geography of the Bible," 1830; "Plain Words to a Young Communicant," 12mo; "Amer. Sunday School and its Adjuncts," Phila., 1856 ; numerous contributions to the Bib- lical Repertorji and Princeton Meinew, and some of the publications of the American Tract Society. He wrote for the Literari/ World under the signature of " Csesariensis." After his death, 2 vols, of his letters were pub. by Dr. Hall of Trenton. Alexander, John Henry, chemist and phi-i-i 1, i. Ai,:r,|i..!is. Md., 1812; d. Balti- niiii- ' ■ I 1 : In 1850, he pub. a " Uni- vn- i' 11 ill . : Weights and Measures," of st:iii !,ii 1 :i:,::i i;ty. In 1857, hc was com- missiuncr to Knuland on international coin- age, and, in the summer of 1866, was app. by Prcs. Johnson a commissioner to the Paris Exhibition, but was taken fatally ill just before he was ab. to set sail. He had held many positions of honor and trust, and was learned on the snbj.-et of wei:;hts and meas- ures and coins. Author of " Treatise on Math- ematical Instruments," &c., 8vo, 1835; " Treat- ise on Levelling by F. W. Simms, with large additions," 8vo, 1838; "Contributions to the History of the Metallurgy of Iron," 1840; " Introits, or Ante-Communion Psalms," 12mo, 1844 ; " Reports on Standards of Weights and Measure.^ for Md.," 8vo, 1846 ; " Catena Domi- nica," IMiila. iL'ino, •• IJepons on the new Maj) languages and literature in In^ iilina nintor, and was prof, of biblical crid i-m ' I ■ k-i- astical history at Princetini I ' , ,,iii 1838 to 1852, when he wai iiii , ,; ,, i;,c chair of biblical and ecclccia ...i. .U l.i.;ury, which he held till his death. He received the degree of D.D. from Marshall Coll., Pa. His works are " A Translation of and Commen- tary on the Psalms," 3 vols. ; " A Critical Commentary on the Prophecies of Isaiah," and an abridgment of the same; a vol. on primitive church government, and numerous essays in the Biblical Reperton/ and Princeton Review. He subsequently aided Dr. Hodge in preparing a commentary on the New Testa- ment. He was an excellent linguist. — See a memoir hi H. C. Alexander., 1869. Alexander, Dk. Nathaniel, gov. of N. C. 18U5-7, b. Mecklenburg, 1756 ; d. Salis- bury, Mar. 8, 1808. Princeton Coll. 1776. He served in the Revol. army, and afterward practised medicine at the High Hills of Santee and Mecklenhurg. He was .several years a member of the Icgisl. andM.C. 1803-5. Alexander, Stephen, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1852), astronomer, b. Schenectady, N.Y., Sept. 1, 1806. Un. Coll. 1824; Princeton Theol. Sem. 1832. Tutor in N.J. Coll. in 1833, ad- junct prof of mathematics from 1834 to 1840, prof, of astronomy from 1840 to 1845, of mathematics from 1845 to 1854. He lias since that period held the professorship of mechan- ics and astronomy. Author of many scien- tific papers, some of which have been trans- lated and pnb._ in Europe. Among them is one on thi upon Sola mental Pr "ThoOrigi dition of .s " The "For Phys ~ "ipse Phcni. Mil. H 8vo, 1867. Alexander, Joseph Addison, D.D., a learned divine and author, b. Phila. Apr. 24, 1800 ; d. Princcion, N.J., Jan. 28, 1860. N J. Coll. 1826. Son of Dr. Archibald. From 1830 to 1833, he was adjunct prof of ancient of the Clnsf.T. -I -: .1., ,.„ nd Equatorial Diainci.rof the Asteroid Planet," and also on the " Harmo- nies in the arrangement of'the Solar System." In 1860, be led an exped. to the coast of Lab- rador to observe the solar eclipse of July 18. Alexander, William, first earl of Stir- ling, created earl in 1633, b. 1580; d. Lond., Feb. 1640. Through the fricnd^lii|i .jf Sir Fer- dinando Gorges, Sir Wm. in, , , v. ], in, 1621, a patent, embracing t'l .ly of Acadia, which was confii III I > ! ; i i.ihi's heirs by King James, and en ■ i ■' ini" a pila- tinate to be holdcn as a fief of the ciowu of Scotland. It resulted, however, only in losses and disappointments. He was knighted in 1613. Charles I. founded the order of Nova- Scotia baronets in Scotland to further the settlement. Sir Wm. was subsequently made sec. of State for Scotland, and created Viscount Canada. He was a poet of some merit. His uncle, John Akxin I. , wa the ancestor of Lord Stirlin- oi : i ai\. He developed his coloni'i a i a a pamphlet, " An Encoura^'i 11! II- i :-!,.." 1625 ; " The Map and Delinc.ition of X. Eng- land," &c., 16-30. Alexander, William, " Lord Stirling," maj.-gen. Kevol. army, b. N.Y. City, 1726; d. Albany, 15 Jan. 1783. Son of Sec. James Alexander. He received the best education the country afforded ; became the partner iu AXiL of David ihi- British V. Shii-ley, . Mud pri- V to Eng. the House business of his motlior, tin' wi.l Provost ; joined the cciiiimi-- n i,i: army, and, attracting tin' im':i' > ^I was for three years his Miuciirr, vate sec. Accompanyinj^ iSh; in 1755, he was examined belb of Commons in 1757, and commenced the prosecution of his chiim to the earldom of Stirlint:, in which he was unsuccessfnh Soon after his return in 17fil, he ni. the dau. of Pliilip Livingston. lie succeeded his father as surveyor-gen., and, until the Revol., was a member of the prov. council. A prominent patriot, ho was app. a col. in 1775, and Mar. 1776, was commis. brig.-gen. by Congress. When Gen. Lee left for the South, Stirling was left in commitnd at N.Y. His bravery was conspicuous at the battle of Long Island, 26 Aug. 1776, and he was made prisoner, but was soon exchanged. Maj.-gen. Feb. 1777. Disting. at Brandywine and at Ger- mantown, where he com. the reserve. At Monmouth, he com. the left wing, and so disposed his command as to aid in the success of the day. In 1781, he took command at Albany. He aided in founding a library for his native city in 1754, and in the founding of King's, now Col. Coll. His youngest dau. m. Col. Wra. Duer. He pub. "An Account of the Comet of June and Julv, 1770," in Am. Philos. Coll., and "The Conduct of Miij.-Gen. Shirley Briefly Stated." He was convivial in his habits, ani dignified in his appearance, and displayed considerable scientific attainments. — See Life of Lord Stirling hu his grandson, Wm. A. Due,; in N.J. Hist. Coll. Alexander, William, of the U. of Penn., author of " Poetical Works," and sketch of his life, Phila., 1847. Alford, John, founder of the professor- ship of natural religion, moral philosophy, and civil polity in Harvard Coll., b. 1686; d. Charlestown, Ms., Sept. 29, 1761. He had been a member of the colonial council. His executors divided his bequest for " charitable uses " equally between Harvard Coll., Prince- ton Coll., and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Indians. To the latter $10,675 was paid in 1787. Alger, Cykus, iron-founder, b. W. Bridge- water, Ms., 1782 ; d. Feb. 4, 1856. He com- menced early in life the business of an iron- founder at Easton, but in 1809 established himself in South Boston ; made many improve- ments in the art of casting, and was partic- ularly celebrated for the excellent cannon which were made at his establishment. He was jnominent in various projects beneficial to South Boston. He was liberal and charitable, was a nieniher of the city council the first year of its organization, and alderman in 1824 and 1827. Alger, Rev. Horatio, jun., author, b. N. Chelsea, Ms ,Jan. 13, 1834. H.U. 1852 ; Camb. Theol. School 1860. From 1852 to 1857, he was a ttacher, and wrote for the Bos .on and N.Y. press. In 1361, be made a European tour. From 1861 to 1864, he was a private tutor at Cambridge. Dec. 8, 1864, he was ord. over a Unitarian Church at Brewster, Ms. He pub. " Bertha's Christmas Vision," 1855 ; ' Nothing to Do, a Tilt at our Best Society," a poem, 1857; "Frank's Campaign; or. What Boys Can Do," 1864; "Paul Preston's Charge," 1865; and has contributed a number of poems to Harper's Weekly and other period- icals. Alger, William Rocnseviile, clergy- man and author, b. Freetown, Ms., Dec. 30, 1822. Camb. Theol. School, 1847. In that year he became minister of a Unitarian society at Roxbury,and in 1855 exchanged lor asimilar charge in Boston. He now preaches at the Music Hall, Boston. He pub. " A Symbolic History of the Cross of Christ," 1851 ; " The Poetry of the East," 1856, His chief work is " A Critical History of the Doctrines of a Future Life," with a Complri,. - of the Subject, by Ezra Al.'-,r. ipl.y ited th an " Studiesof Christianity by.fmir, .Martincaii." Contrib. to the Christian Esaminer and other periodicals. — Dujckinrk. Alison, Francis, D D., Presb. divine and scholar, b. Lac, Doncg.al Co., Ireland, 1705 ; d. Phila. Nov. 28, 1779. U. of Glas- gow. He came to America in 1735; was pastor of a church at New London, Pa., until 1752, when he took charge of an acad. in Phila. He had previously taught school at New London, and was the tutor of many of the eminent men of the Revol. From 1755 until his death, he was vice-provost, and prof, of moral philosophy of the College of Phila., and pastor of the First Church. In Aug. 1 758, he was chaplain to Col. Byrd's exped. to Fort Cumberland. He received the degree of D.D. from the U. of Glasgow in 1758. By his will he freed all his slaves. May 24, 1758, he preached before the synods of N.y. and Pa. a sermon, entitled " Peace and Unity recommended." — Spra. Corn»;ill, Ct., Apr. 21, 1751 ; d. Phila., Jan. 7, 1814. A younger bro. of Ethan, he went with him to Vt., and took part with him in the controversy with N.Y. He was an active patriot; was a member of the legisl. in 1776-7; a member of the convention which framed the constitution of Vt. in 1778; was sec. of State, and subsequently surveyor-gen., and treasurer, and member of the council. Upon Burgoyne's advance, Allen, then a mem- ber of the Committee of Safety and a col. of militia, suggested the raising a regt. by the confiscation and sale of Tory property. It was soon raised, and, together with that of Col. Warner, did good service in the battle of Ben- nington. Wall Alessrs. Bradley and Fox, he was acommissiuner to Congress in 1780-81, in behalf of Vt., and in opposition to the claims of neighboring States. In Apr. 1781, he was app. to settle a cartel, and also to agree to an armistice with the British troops in Canada, which was accordingly dune. These politic r\ : , ,1 .,:.,>, I 330,000. In Mar. 1792, he was a delegate to the con- vention which ratified the U.S. Constitution. In 1795, having become senior maj.-gen. of mi- litia, he went to Europe to purchase arms tor the supply of his State. On his way home with the muskets and cannon purchased of the French Republic, he was taken and carried to Eng., where, after a litigation of eight years in the Court of Admiralty, on the accusation of intending to supply the Irish rebels with arms, the case was decided in his favor. In 1798, he was imprisoned in France, and returned home in 1801. He was the author of a "Natural and Political History of Vermont," 8vo, London, 1798, and of " Statements Appended to the Olive Branch," 1807. Allen, Isaac, lawyer and lovalist of Trenton, N.J.; d. Frederickton, N.Bl, 1806, a. 65. N.J. Coll. 1762. In 1782, he was lieut.- col. of the 2d butt of N.J. Vols. One of the grantees of St. John, N.B., he held a seat in the council, and was a judge of the Supreme Court. — Sabine. Allen, James, clergyman, b. Eng., 1632; d. Boston, Sept. 22, 1710. Fellow of New Coll., Oxford. Having been ejected for non- conformity, he came to N.E. in 1662, with a high reputation as a scholar and divine, and wasord. Dec. 9, 1668, as colleague with Mr. Davenport in the First Church, Boston. In 1669, 17 ministers pub. their testimony against the conduct of Allen and Davenport in regard to the settlement of the latter. This contro- versy between the 1st and 3d churches inter- ested the whole Colony. The General Court having, in 1670, declared the conduct of those churches and elders who assisted in establish- ing the 3d church illegal and disorderly, at its ne.xt session, some of the members being changed, the censure was taken oflF. Mr. Al- len possessed great Zealand influence, and took a deep interest in Harvard Coll., of which cor- poration he was several years a member. He ])nb. occasional sermons and essays on polemic Allen, James, first minister of Brookline, Ms., b. Roxbury, 1692; d. Feb. 18, 1747. H. U. 1710. Ord. Nov. 5, 1718. In 1722, he pub. a "Thanksgiving Sermon," in 1727 a '• Discourse on Providence ; " a " Fast Ser- mon on the Great Earthquake in 1731." Allen, James, poet, b. Boston, July 24, 1739 ; d. there Oct. 21, 1808. The son of a wealthy merchant, he studied at Harvard Coll. but left it at the end of the third year. His chief production, " Lines on the Massacre," written at the request of Dr. Warren, to ac- company the oration which he delivered, was ATiT. 19 AJJL. suppressed by the committee having the sub- ject in charge, owing to suspicions of his polit- ical faith. His friends, indignant at this treat- ment, pub. it, with extracts from the " Retro- spect," also by Allen, which they accompanied by a vindication of the author's political sound- ness and poetical merits: pub. Boston, 1772. He also wrote a patriotic epic, entitled " Bun- ker Hill," now supposed to be lost, and a few magazine pieces. — Uuyckinck. Allen, Col. John, b. Rockbridge Co., Va., Dec. 30, 1772; killed in battle of the River Raisin, Jan. 22,1813. His father was an early settler in Ky. The son was educated at Dr. Priestly's acad. at Bardstown ; settled in the practice of law at Shelbyville in 1795, and at- tained high rank in the profession. Early in 1812, he raised a regt. of riflemen, part of which was in the action at Brownstown, Jan. 18, 1813. It formed the left wing of the American force at the disastrous battle of the River Rai- sin. — Collins' s IIisl. of Kentucky. Allen, Joseph, b." Boston, Sept. 2, 1749 ; d. Worcester, Sept. 2, 1827. H. U. 1774. His mother was a sister of Samuel Adams. He was a merchant in Leicester, Ms., and an ac- ti%'e Whig ; a member of the State Const. Conv., 1778; clerk of Worcester Co. court from 1776 to 1810; M, C. 1811-13; council- lor 1815-18 ; a founder and patron of Leicester acad. He went to Worcester 1776. Allen, Joseph, D.D. (H. U. 1848), b. Medtield, Ms., Aug. 15, 1790.^,^ H. U. 1811. Ord. 1814. He studied theologv under Rev. Dr. Ware at Cambridge. Onl'. minister of Northboro' Oct. 30, 1816, — a post he still re- tains. Deleg. to the Peace Congress at Paris in 1849. Author of " Hist. Accountof North- boro' " in [Vorcesier Mag., July, 1826 ; " Ser- mon on Completing the 25th Year of his Min- istry." 1841; "Centennial Discourse," 1846; " Memoir of Rev. Dr. Lathrop of Springfield," 1823; '• Hist, of the Worcester Association," 1863; " Allen Genealogy," 1869. Allen, Moses, minister of Medway, Ga., b. Northampton, Ms., Sept. 14, 1748; d. Feb. 8,1779. N. J. Coll. 1772. Ord. at Christ's Church parish, near Charleston, S.C, Mar 16, 1775; resigned June 8, 1777, and established himself at Medwav. His emigrant ancestor, Samuel, d. Windsor, Ct., 1648 An ardent patriot, he became obnoxious to the British, who dispersed his society, and burned his roeeting-house. Made prisoner at the capture of Savannah, and put on board a prison-ship, he was drowned in attempting to escape to the shore. Allen, Paul, editorand poet, b. Providence, R L, Feb. 15, 1775; d. Baltimore, Ang. 18, 1826. B.U. 1796. After studying law, he went to Phila., where he wrote for the Portfolio and U.S. Gazette. In 1801, he pub. a small vol. of poems, superintended the publication of "Lewis and Clarke's Travels," in 1814 ; and projected a " Life of Washington," and obtained a great number of subscribers, but from indolence made no effort to fulfil the oblig.-ition he had in- curred. Successively editor of the Federal lle- pnblkan, the Journal of the Times, and a con- tributor to the Portico, a magazine, he sank into poverty, and was for a time insane. He final- ly became editor of the Morning Clironicle, at Baltimore, which he conducted until his death. In 1819, a history of the Amer. Revol. appeared in his name, but really written by ,lohn Neal, and another friend, named Watkins. Allen contrib. a portion of the preface. His poem of " Noah," pub. in 1821, was judiciously re- duced from 25 to 5 cantos, by his friend Neal. He also pub. a " Life of Alexander I.," 1818. Allen, Philip, politician, b. Providence, R.I., Sept. 1, 1785; d there Dec. 16, 1865. B. U. 1803. He was long and successfully en- gaged in the cotton manufacture in R.I. ; was a liiember of the State legisl. in 1819-21 ; gov. of R.I. 1851-3; and U.S. senator, 185.3-9; pres. of the US. Branch Bank, 1827-36. He constructed the first Watt and Boulton steam- engine in Providence. Allen, Phineas, editor, b. Northampton, Ms., Aug. 11, 1776 ; d. Pittsfield, Ms., May 8, 1860. Son of Rev. Solomon. Alter serving an apprenticeship in the ofSce of the Uampahire Gazette, he established, Sept. 16, 1800, the Pitts- field San, which he continued 60 years. He was often in the State legisl. Allen, Richard L., agriculturist, b. Hamp- den Co., Ms., Oct. 1803 ; d. Stockholm, Sweden, Sept. 22,1869. He was amerch-int in N.Y., but impaired health led him to farming on a tract on the Niagara River, in 1832. In 1842, with his bro., A. B. Allen, he founded the American Agriculturist, contributing, co- editing, and publishing 14 years ; when the brothers relinquished editing to carry on the agricultural-implement business, which became verv extensive. He pub. " The American Farm-Book," 8vo, 1856; a valuable treatise on" The Diseasesof Domestic Animals," 1848 ; "American Agriculture," and "American Farmer's Muck- Book," 18mo. At the time of his death, he was making the tour of Northern Europe. Allen, Col. Robert, soldier and politi- cian, b. Augusta Co., Va., 1777 ; d. near Car- thage, Tenn., Aug. 19, 1844. Bred a merchant, he settled in Carthage about 1804, and was many years clerk of the county court. He commanded a regt. in the War of 1812, serving under -Jackson with hont)r and credit. He was a memlicr of Congress in 1819-27. Allen, Robert, brig.-gcn. vols., b. O. West Point, 1836. Entering the 2d Art., he was made 1st lieut, July 7, 1838; assist.-quarter- mastcr. May 11, 1846; brev. maj. for gallant and merit, conduct at Cerro Gordo, Apr. 18, 1847; quartermaster of Twiggs's division in the Valley of Mexico; capt. Oct, 19, 1847 ; maj. May 17, 1861 ; aide-de-camp, rank of col., Feb. 19, 1862; brig.-gcn. May 23, 1863. He was stationed at St. LiMii, w li i. iii- . i vires were of thegreatest value HI'" I i: iiion, since which he has been i , 1 1 n i.,icr div. of the Pacific; brev. Ill II J II ^l,, ;i 13, 1865 for merit, services in tlir K.Ik'IIi.ih : col. and assist, quartermaster-gen. July 28, 1866. Allen, Samdel, gov. of N.H. ; d. New Castie, May 5, 1705, a. ab. 70. A merchant of London, he bought into Mason's patent in 1691 ; and w.as gov. in 1691-9 His purchase brought to him and his heirs only embarrass- ment and contention. His son Thomas con- AJLL tinued to agitate his claim, which was contested by various persons. The final verdict in 1707 being against him, he appealed ; but his death in 1 715, before the appeal was heard, put an end to the suit. Allen, Samuel Clesson, politician, b. Ber- nardston, Ms., Jan. 5, 1772; d. Nonhfield, Ms., Feb. 8, 1842. Dartm. Coll. 1794. He was from 1795 to 1798 pastor of a Cong, church in Northfield ; afterward practised law in Green- field and Northfield ; was in the legisl. in 1 806- 10; State senator, 1812-15 and 1831; M.C. 1817-29; and e.\ecutive councillor, 1829-30. Afterward lecturer on political economy in Amh. Coll. He delivered a eulogy on Dr. Wheelock, pres. of Dartm. Coll. 1817, and an oration, July 4, 1806. — Dwtm. Cull. Alumni. Allen, Rev. Solomo.n, b. Northampton, Ms., Fen. 23, 1751 ; d. N. Y., Jan. 20, 1821. He with four of his brothers served in the Revol. army ; Moses and Thomas as chaplains. At the time of Andre's capture, he was a lieut. and adj., and conveyed him to Lower Salem. Lieut. Allen then proceeded to West Point to deliver to Arnold the letter from Col. Jameson, his commander, which enabled the traitor to es- cape, by giving him the information .so essential to his safety. Alter the war, in which he rose to the rank of maj he was actively employed in quelling the insurrection of Shays. At the age of 50, though his education had been scanty, he became a preacher, and was exceed- ingly" successful. His labors were performed in the western part of Ms. and the State of N. y., in a country newly settled, and whose in- habitants were mostly poor. Allen, Thomas, minister of Charlcstown, Ms.r b. Norwich, Eng., 1608 ; d. there Sept. 21, 1673. He grad. at Camliridge; was minister of St. Edmond's ; was silenced by Bp. Wren in 1636, for refusing to read the "Book of Sports," as required of the clergy ; and in 1638 came to Boston. He preached at Cliarlestown from that time till 1651, when he returned to Norwich, continuing his ministry until ejected III 1662, liut continued to preach till his death. Wiilc ill this country, he pub. an " Invitation to Thirsty Sinners to come unto their Saviour." He also pub. "The Scripture Chronologv," 1659; "Way of the Spirit in bringing Simis to Christ ; " and several sermons upon " The Necessity of Kaith." — /-yiot. Allen, Thos., minister of Pittsfield, Ms., from A]ir. 18, 1764, to his death, Feb. 1 1, 1810. H. U. 1762. Bro. of Moses and Solomon, h. Northampton, Jan. 17. 1743. A chaplain in the RlvoI. army at White Plains andatTicon- (k-roya. He was consiiicuous at the battle of Bi-iiiiingti>ii, and was one of the first to enter tlie German breastwork. He visited Eng. in 1799. Ho took an active part in the political discusiioiis of his time. He pub. some ser- AUen, Wn iT\M,rIi!,fhisticcofPa., 1750- 74, ami a ih-t:: ■ i 'i M 1. 1 ,,f literature and the arts; d, ! ~ , -" Son of Wm., an eminent iii. i. i,iiii .., I „iki., who d. 1725. His wife was a dau. ot Andrew Hamilton, whom he succeeded as recorder of Phila. in 1741. He was a patron of West the painter, and CO operated with Franklin in establishing the Coll. of Phil.a. Being a loyalist, he with- drew to Eng. in 1774. He pub. in Lond., 1774, " The American Crisis," suggesting a plan for restoring the dependence of America. His son Andrew succeeded Mr. riiiw n^ atiorncy-gen., and after being a nicinlirr (,!' ( niiurrss and of the Committee of Sihn, i.>^,ili.r with his bros. John and WillKiui, jiiit liiiii.MJf, at the close of 1776, under the protection of Gen. Howe at Trenton. This son d. in Lond., Mar. 7, 1825, a. 85. His bro. William had been a lieut.-col. in the Continental service, but in 1778 raiseil a n -t. uf Pa. L,.vali,ts. He was noted for wit, u-" d liiiiii..r, an.l i,,r affable and gentlemanly inaniirr. — S,:'n'nr. Allen, Wii i.iAM, 1) II, (I). C, 1820), clcr- gvraan and author, I). PittsHcId, Ms,, Jan. 2, 1784; d. Northampton, Ms., July 16, 1868. H.U. 1802. Son of Rev. Thomas. After being licensed in 1804, he preached for some months in various places in the western part of N.Y. While a regent in Harvard Coll. he prepared the first edition of his "American Biographical and Historical Dictionary," pul), in 1809. The second edition of tin- " >il^ ii ar il in 1832; the third, in 1857. 1 !■ " iiired.the livesof Amer.minisi. i i : 1, . 1 1 , al Rogue's " History of the Di-nii la (let. 1810, he was ord. pastor of the church in Pittsfield, as his father's successor. In 1 812, he m. Maria M., dan. of Pres. John Wheelock. He was made pres. of Dartm. Coll. in 1817, and from 1820 to 1839 was pres. of Bowd. Coll. Among his writings are contributions of " Words not found in Dictionaries of the English Lan- guage," to Worcester and Webster; "Bacca- laureate Addresses," 1823-9; "Junius Un- masked," identifying hira with Lord Sack- ville ; "Accounts of Shipwrecks;" "Psalms and Hymns," 1835 ; " Memoirs of Dr. Eleazer Wheelock and of Dr. John Codman," 18.53 ; " An Historical Discourse on the Fortieth An- niversary of the Second Ch. in Dorchester," 1848; ""a Discourse at the Close of the Sec- ond Century of the Settlement at Northamp- ton, Ms.," 1854 ; " Wunnissoo, or the Vale of Housatonnnk," a poem, 1856; besides a "Dudleian Lecture " at Cambridge ; "Chris- tian Sonnets," 1860; "Poems of Nazareth and the Cross," 1866 ; " Sacred Songs," 1867, and various sermons and reports. A discourse commemorative ot Dr. Allen, by Dr. W. B. Spraguc, has been ])ub. Allen, Wm, Henry, a distinguished naval officer, b. Providence, R.I., Oct. 21, 1784; d. Aug. 15, 1813. His fatlier, Wm. Allen, was a maj. in the Revol. army, and in 1 799 brig.-gen. of State militia. His'mother was a sister of Gov. Jones. At a very early period, he discov- ered a surprisingly inquisitive mind, and a ro- mantic inclination to visit foreign countries. He entered thenavyasamidshipman,Apr. 28, 1800, and sailed in the frigate " George Washing- ton," Capt. Cainphi'll, to .Mgicrs ; subsequently sailing to tin .Mi iliirM.iiKaui, under Barron, in "The Phil. HlJpli.a:' nial.r Rodgers, in "The John Adams; ' an I a Imnih time, in 1804, as age, he narrowly escaped death, having fallen, during a gale, into the sea, luckily rising near the mizzm-chains, which he grasped. Lieut, of 21 "The CoiiMituriMii ■ in ISO.'), he visited iEtna andVesiuiii ii m uiul Pompeii; anil, reuiinini.'in I -nt. of "Tlie Chesa- peake" when -ii .,; Ill I. !i I ' iilorsto the British Irigate " Leopaid." llf lUxvi up the letter of the officers to the sec. of the iiavy, urging the arrest and trial of Barron for neglect of duty. In 1809, he became 1st lieut. ol tlio friu:ite •■United States," under DecMim :,„.i. -o. ,,,;,: „■, thel.roaking-outoftheWariii 1 i ting, himself in the action u lii i I - (.■Mii,i.,.i i . I'. i . ; i I . li , I ! . ■. :-i.l, therain- i>;i , I ! ■ ;, _ ■ \ • j-i ■ h' 1 !.i . -■, and then vessel, alt. r.i i.-..)..u- n-i-taiice, taken. Cui-- ried into I'n nioml,, ih.- m-.-^t day he died, and was buriud vmiIi luiliiary li.iiiors. Allen, AVii.LiA.M Il(i\\Ai;u, a naval officer, b. Hud»on, X.Y., July S 1790. Killed near Matanzas, Nov. 9, 1822, while gallantly lead- ing a boat-attack upon a piratical squadion. Midshipman Jan. 1, 1808; lient. Julv 24, 1813. He was 2d lieut. of "The Argus," CaptAH™. when she was taken by "The Pelican," on the English coast, in 1813, and commanded in the latter part of the action ; both his superiors liaviuL: brcn wuiukIciI. IIi^ native town erected Allende (al-\Cii -ilO), J , a Mexican revo- lutiuaist, shut at I'hiiiuabua in July, 1811. A captain in the army, he lent to the revolution- ists the military skill they so much needed, and a powerful inHnence over the natives. Nov. 29, 1810, he joined Hidalgo, and transported over the Cordilleras, with the aid of the na- tives, heavy gnus from San Bias. Hidalgo having fought a battle against his advice, he was defeated. Allende brought off the remnant of his army, but was taken near Saltillo by the treachery of Eiizondo, and was shot soon after. Allerton, Isa.vc, a Plvmouth Pilgrim, b. ah. 1583; d. 1659. He was one of those who left Eng. in 1608, and settled in Leyden. His name is attached to the memorable compact signed on board " The Mayflower," Nov. 1 1 , 1620. His wife Mary d. Feb. 25, 1621. He possessed a considerable estate, and was one of the bailmgand enterprising men of the colony. Mar. 22, he, with Miles Standish, " went ven- turously" to treat with Massasoit. He was subsequently for some years an assistant. Ah. 1626, he m.'Fcar, dan. of Elder William Brew- ster, and in the autumn of that year was sent to Eng., partly to i.i'rt:i;ii -ii|.i-;ii -, ^iml partly lued i their for ; ding-station for Kenneliec, lie returned earlv 1628 to Plymouth. In a fourth trip, after ich delay and difficulty, he succecdeil in oh- iiiiig the enlargement and correction of the nneliec patent, and also another for Ply- lutii, and facilitated the removal of the re- nider of the church at Leyden. In 1631, in consequence of a difficulty with the colony, " he was dismissed as their agent." Quitting them, he, in June, 1632, hired the " White An- gel," and attempted to establish a trading-house on the Kennebec River, and also at Penobscot; but the latter was destroyed by the French. In 1633, he established a trading-house at Ma- ehias, which was attacked and plundered by the French and Indians in 1634, and burned soon afterwards. In 1634, his pinnace, return- ing from a trading-voyage with the French ab. Port Royal, was cast away ; and in the same year his wife was carried off by a " pestilent fever." In Mar. 1635, he " was to be notilied by the civil authorities that ho had leave to de- part from Marblehead;" and during this year another of his coasting-vessels was wrecked at Cape Ann, and 21 persons perished, including Rev. John Avery, his wife, and 6 children. From 1643 until his death, he resided at New Haven, though spoken of Oct. 27, 1646, as "of New Amsterdam in the province of New Neth- erlands, iTierehant." Chosen a member of the council of New Amsterdam in 1643. Point Aldcrion in Boston harbor is sujiposed to be n:|mcd from him. His third wife d. 1684. His son Isaac grad. at H. U. 16.50. Allibone, Samuel Austin, b. Phila , 17 Apr 1816, author of a "Critical Dictionary of English Literature and Authors," 3 voLs. roy. 8vo, 1859-70. A work of immense labor and research, and of very great importance and utility. Allin, John, first minister of Dedham, b. Eng, 1596; d. Dedham, Ms., Aug. 26, 1671. Driven from Eng. by the )ierseciitinii of the Puritans in 1637, he was s.ttl.,1 ,„ Dr.lhani, Apr. 29, 1639,andcontinnr.l iIi.kiiII ln^M.aih. Assisted by Mr. Shephcril .;! ( .imlu i l^c, lie pub. his " Defence of the ;Siiie i'iu|i;).,iiiuiis" of Church discipline, also a "Defence of the Synod of 1662 against Pres. Ghauncey," and a few discourses. Dr. Mather calls him a diligent student and good scholar. — .E/iof. Allison, Patrick, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1782), 35 years pastor of the Presb. Church, Balti- more, b. Lancaster Co., Pa , 1740; d. Halt. Aug. 21, 1802. Phila. Coll. 1760. Ord. 1765. He ranked high as a preacher, was an active patriot in 1775, and was app. chaplain to Con- gress, Dec. 23, 1776. He pub. treatises on Liberty, &c. An original founder of Baltimore Coll. and Library. — tSpraqne. Allouez, Claude, a Jesuit missionary, wlio visited Lake Superior in 1665-7, founded a mission at Green Bay in 1669, where he en- dured many hardships, and in 1687 was at St. Louis. 'While confined to his bed at that place by illness, he stole away on hearing of the approach of La Salle, whoiia he had injured. — .iVe Parkman's Discoveri/ of the Great 'West. AUston, Ges. JosEi-H, gov. of S. C, 1812-14, b. 1778; d. Sept. 10, 1816. Son of Col. Wm. His wife Theortosia, dau. of Aaron Burr, was lostat sea in 1812. He was a planter of education and ability, and several years a distin^'. member of the S.C. legisl. AUston, RoBEKT Francis Withehs, gov. of S.C, 1856-8, b. All Saints' Parish, S.C, Apr. 21, 18U1 ; d. near Georgetown, S.C, Apr. 7,1864. West Point, 1821. Retiring from the 22 army in 1822, upon a rice-plantation on the Pedee, he became very successful. Survey.- gen. of the State, 1 823-7 ; member of the lower branch of the legisl. 1828-32 ; of the Senate, 1832-56, and pres. of that body in 1850-6. He was a State-nghts politician. In the legisl. he fostered the agricultural and educational interests of the State. Trustee of S.C. Coll. 1841-64. Aiilhoi- of "Memoir on Kice," 1843 ; " Kepurt c.ii Public Schools," 1847 ; " Essay on Sea-.-n:iM Clops" 1S54. AUston, W.isiiixGTON, an eminent paint- er, b. Waccamaco, S C, Nov. 5, 1779; d. Cambridge, Ms., July 9, 1843. H. U. 1800. Between the aues of 7 and 17, he was at school in Newport, R. I., where he made the acquaint- ance of Malboiie, and first essayed his artistic talent. In 1801, he went to Europe, having sold his patrimonial estate to enable him to cultivate his love of the art, and became a student at the Royal Acad. During 8 years' residence abroad, he made himseff familiar with the works of the great masters. Return- ing to Cambridge in 1809, he delivered a poem before the Phi Beta Kappa Society, and m. the sister of Dr. Wm. E. Channing. From 1811 to 1818, he was again in Eng., where, besides producing some of his best pictures, he pub. in 1813, "The Sylphs of the Seasons," and other poems. He built himself a house and studio in Cambridge, and, having lost his first wife, ni. in 1830 a dau. of Judge Dana. Among his best works are " Saul and the Witch of Endor," "Elijah in the Desert," "Jacob's Dream," " The Angel Liberating Peter from Prison," " The Dead Man Restored to Life by Elijah," " The Angel Uriel in the Sun," " Anne Page and Slender," and " Bclshazzar's Feast," which, though left unfinished, is no in- adequate monument to the genius of this great painter. His works exhibit a power- ful imagination ; and his skill as a colorist earned him the title of the " American Titian." The execution of his pictures was marked by a rare combination of strength, freedom, and grace. Besides his poems, which are much esteemed, he pub. "Monaldi," a prose tale, 1841, and "Lectures on Art and Poems," 1850. AUston, CoL. Wm., Revol. soldier, b. 1757; d. Charleston, S.C, June 26, 1839. He was a capt. under Marion, was afterward a successful planter and a large slaveholder, and many years a member of the S.C. Senate. He m. a dau. of Rebecca Motte. AUyn, John, D.D. (H.U. 1813), pastor of the Cong. Church, Duxbury, Ms., from Dec. 3, 1788, till his death. B. Barnstable, Mar. 21, 1767 ; d. Duxbury, July 19, 1833. H.U. 1785. He studied theology with Dr Samuel West. He pub. " The Christian Moniior," " Memoirs of Dr. West and of Rev. David Barnes," and occasional sermons, A memoir by his son-in-law, C. Francis, is in Ms. Hist. Coll. iii. vol. 5. His son Rdfus Bkadford, b. Mar. 27, 1793; d. Belfast, Me., Jan. 25, 1837. H. U. 1810. Was a disting. lawyer and schol- lar of Belfast. Alma-gro (al-mii-gro), Diego, one of the Spanish conquerors of Peru, b. ab. 1463; d. July, 1338. His diligence and perseverance in forwarding supplies to Pixarro, in spite of formidable obstacles, were of the utmost im- portance to the success of his great enterprise. In 1535, he took Cuzco, the ancient capital of the Incas, by storm. His barbarity to the nion- arch,Atahualpa. whom he put to death with ex- treme cruelty, and his profligacy, have handed down his name to the execration of posterity, notwithstanding his valur. Qimrrclling with his companions about ilir cli\ ih.n .,f spolland power, Almagro was .1. Ii.iti.l, mailc prisoner by PIzarro, and straimlril, 1 i.^ 1. h n.ls of the father, rallying round the .-md - i-ai iirrl Pizarro, July 26, 1541, ami v. : ■ s executed by order of the \i< i 1, m 1542. Almagro's frank and n iiiiinij niiiiiars made him very popular with the soldiers. Almon, John, an English political writer and publisher, b. Liverpool, 1738; d. 1805. He was apprenticed to a bookseller ; went to sea in 1759; afterward settled in London. He pub. an edition of "Junius," and attempted to prove Hugh Boyd its author. A man of strong sympathies and liberal ideas, he placed his pen and press at the service of ,John Wilkes, whose " North Briton " he published. He also pub. "The Remembrancer," in 17 vols., a great magazine of information on the war of the Amer. Revol. In 1777, he added a vol. of " Prior Documents " to this work. He also wrote several party pamphlets during the Am- erican war. The first regular publication of parliamentary debates was begun by hiin in 1 774. He also pub. " Anecdotes of Lord Chat- ham," and " Biographical Anecdotes of Emi- nent Persons." Almonte (al-mon'-ta), Juan Nepomu- CENO, Mexican gen. and statesman, b. Valla- dolid, Mexico, 1804 ; d. Paris, Mar. 20, 1869. Reputed son of the priest and partisan chief, Morelos. Receiving a superior education in the U.S., he early disting. himself by his talents and courage. In the Texan war of 1836, he served under Santa Afia ; and the records of the massacre of the Alamo were chiefly made up from his journal. Disting. at the battle of San Jacinto, and made minister of war by Pres. Bustamente. He displayed great courage in quelling the insufrection of Urrea in 1840 ; but was deprived of his offlce by the revol. of that year, and supported him- self by scientific lectures in the city of Mexico. Afterward ambassador to the U. S., he de- manded his passports upon the annexation of Texas, and, in the war which followed, was disting. in the battles of Bucna Vista, Cerro Gordo, and Churubusco. He was re-app. minister to the U. S. in 1853 and to the court of St. James in 1856. He returned to Mexico with the allied exped. in 1862, holding, for a brief period, the supreme power there ; and was afterward one of the triumvirate for the managementof Mexican affairs, having charge of finances and the foreign dept. ; made a marshal of the empire in 1864 by Maximi:ian, on whose fall he became an exile in Europe. Almy, John J., commodore, U.S.N., b. R.I., Apr. 25, 1814; midshlpin. Feb. 2, 1829; licut. Mar. 8, 1841 ; com. Apr. 24, 1861 ; capt. Mar. 3, 1805; commo. Dec. 30, 1869; attached to " The Ohio," and present at Vera Cruz and Tuspan, Mexican war ; coast survey 1851-7; com. " Tliu Fulton " at Nicaragua in 1857, when Walker and his fillibusters sur- rendered to her, and in the Paraguay exped. 1838-9; com. steamer "South Carolina," S.A. block, squad , 1862 ; com. steamer " Connecti- cut," 1863-4, and captured several valuable prizes ; and in 1865 com. the " Juniata," S.A. block, squad. Chief signaUofficer of the navy. — Unmersly. Almy, William, philanthropist of Prov- idence, R.I., b. Feb. 17, 1761 ; d. X?eb. 5, 1836. He belonged to the society of Friends, and was a teacher ; marrying the only dau. of Moses Brown, he engaged in business with her bro. Obadiah in manufacturing cotton goods, and became wealthy. Among his charities was the endowment of the N. E. Yearly Meeting Boarding School, at Providence, in which he paid the expenses of the education of eighty young persons placed there by him. Alsop, GeorUB, author of " A Character of the Province of Maryland," Lond., 1666, reprinted by VVia. Gowans; N.Y., 1869. Alsop was b. 1G38 ; was an apprentice in Lond., and resided in Maryland in 1658-62: of his subse- quent career nothing is' known. His tract was designed to stimulate emigration to Md. ; and derives its chief value from its " Relation of the Susquehanna Indians." Alsop, John, member of the Continental Congress in 1774-6, b. Middletown, Ct. ; d. Newtown, L. I., Nov. 22, 1794. An opulent merchant, his ability, patriotism, and integrity secured his election to that remarkable body. On the occupation of N. Y. by the British, he withdrew to Middletown, Ct., returning after the peace. His dau. Mary ra. Kufus King. Alsop, Richard, poet and wit, b. Middle- town, Ci , Jan. 23, 1761 ; d. Flatbush, L.I., Aug. 29, 1815. Ho was brought up a mer- chant, but preferred literary pursuits ; for which he was fitted both by his talents and attain- ments. He is best known by his principal share in the "Echo," — a series of burlesque pieces, begun in 1791, and ended in 1805, — the character of which underwent a change, from a mirth-provoking essay to a bitter political satire directed against the Demoe. party. Dwight, Hopkins, and others, known as the " Hartford Wits," were joined in the author- ship. This, with other poems, was repub. in 1807. In 1800, he jjub. in heroic verse a "Monody on ihe Death of Washington," and in 1808 -'The Enchanted Lake of the Fairy Morgana." Besides a- number of fugitive pieces in prose and ver.«e, he pub. in 1808 " The Natural and Civil History of Chili, from the Italian of Molina," and in 1815 a narrative of the captivity of John R. Jewett. He was fond of field-sports and natural history. His youngest bro., John, also a poet, b. Feb. 5, 1776; d. Nov. 1, 1841. He practised law at New London ; and was afterward a book- seller at Hartlbrd and N.Y. — See spucimens in Euirest's Paels oft't.. and iJui/rkinci: Alston, PhIlip Whitmkl, rector of Cal- vary Church, Memphis, Teim. A vol. of his sermons, with Memoir by Bishop Otey, was pub. Phila., 8vo, 1854. Alston, Willis, col. of the Halifax dist. in 1776; member of the H. of Commons, 1791-2; M. C. 1799-1803. His son Willis, Jan., b. Halifax Co., N.C. ; d. there Apr. 10,1837; member State legi-sl. in 1794 and subsequently; M. C. 180.3-15 and 1825-31; chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means in the War of 1812. Alvarado (ii.l-va-rii'-do), Alonzo de, one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico, and after- ward of Peru ; held a high command under Piiarro. Sent with 500 men to re-en force the bros. of Pizarro, he was dcfetUed and made prisoner by Alinti'jro in 1 5^7. .After thedeath of Pizarro, he t..-.' ~i Almagro the younger, and |m i : lo that of l)e Castro (1542). II. .. .i • ,mi ; ,, n. of the army which su])prc.^.sLd the ilIjcLiuo of Gouzaio Pi- zarro in 1 548. Alvarado, Pedro de, one of the con- querors of Spanish Ainer., b. at Badajos: d. 1541. In 1518, he sailed with his four bros. for Cuba, whence he accompanied Grijahia on his exploring exped. along the coast. In Fell. 1519, he accompanied Cortes in his cxpcd , in which he took an important part : k It by Cortes in charge of the city i.i .Mi xin), bis cruelty and rapacity cau-ril an in^mnction, and he narrowly escaped unlj lii> liir. In the famous retreat of the niglit of July 1, 1520, Alvarado again disting. himselt by his ex- ploits; in commemoration of which, an enormous ditch, over which he leaped to escape the enemy, is called to this day, "El Salto de Alvarado." On his retinn to Spain, Charles V. made him gov. of Guatemala. Ho m. a dau. of the illustrious Albuquerque: subsequently he had violent contests with Pizarro; but the emperor appointed him gov. of Honduras, as well as of Guatemala. He made many discoveries on the California coast, and coniinucd to icilonize ami explore the Amer. Cuiiiiiicnt until 1541 ; when he was killed in a skirmish with the Indians. Alvarez (^U -^a rcih), Bei!Nardo de, a Spa, At til- but W.I ported ".14 d. 1584. irmy. red a I, and ng thence, he fortune, with Mexico and which he established ho.spital other cities of New Si)ain. These hospitals were supported by the charitable society of St. Hyppolitas, which he founded and endowed. Alvarez, Juan, leader of the Mexican revol. of 1835, b. 1790. His energy and cour- age, as well as his repub. principles, had previously made him popular in Southern Mexico. He ended the dictatorship of Santa Ana bv the decisive battle at Saltillo, July 22- 3, 1855. The " Plan of Ayutla," promulged by Alvarez, Mar. 1, 1834 announced the dep- osition of Santa Ana, and proposed repub. principles. Proclaimed pres. by the assembly at Cuernavaca, Oct. 4, 1855, Nov. 15, he en- tered the city of Mexico, escorted by his In- dian body-guard, whose barbarian appearance excited the apprehensions of the citizens. Dissensions in the cabinet, and the opposition of the army and the clergy, caused by the abolition of their ancient privileges, induced Alvarez to resign, Dec. 8. He p aced Comon- 24 fort, his minister of war, in power; took $200,- 000 from tlie treasury, and sucli arms and mu- nitions as he could seize, and returned with his Indians to their homes in Southern Mex- ico. r Alvord, Benjamin, brev. brig.-gen. U.S. A., b. Rutland, Vt., Aug. 18, 1813.^ West ' Point, 18.'J3. Entering tlie 4th Inf., he served in tlie Seminole war in 1 835-6 ; was assist, prof, of mathematics at West Point in 1S37 ; and until 1839 was assist, prof, of natural and ex- perimental philosophy. In the Mexican war, ho won the brevets of capt. and maj. for gal- lantry at Palo Alto, Resaea do la Palma, and other engagements.' June22, 1854, he became paym. with rank of maj., and April 15, 1862, brig. -gen., and was put in command of the dist. of Oregon. Chief paym. dist. of Omaha and Nebr. since May 25, 1867. Brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A., Apr. 9, 18G5; A.M. of U. of Vt. 1854. Author of numerous scientitic papers, essays, and reviews. — Cnllum. Alzate y Bamirez (iii-tha'-te e ra-me'- r6th), Jose Antonio, Mexican scientific writ- er, b. Mexico; d. ab. 1795. A correspondent of the Acad, of Sciences, Paris ; he pub. the Gaceta de Lileraturii, also an essay sur la limile des neiges pcrpetuelles en volcan Pococatexetl. Ames, Adklbert, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Me. West Point, 1861. 1st lieut. 5th Art. May 14, 1S61 ; brev. maj. July 21, 1861, for Bull Run ; brev. lieut.-col. for Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862; col. 20th Me. Vols. Aug. 29, 1862; brig.-gen. U.S. Vols. May 20, 1863, for Chanccllor&ville ; brev. col. July 1, 1863, for Gettysburg; com. div. or brigade 18th Corps in the operations before Petersburg, and en- gaged at Port Walthall Junction, May 7, and Cold Harbor, June 1, 1864; capt. 5th Art. June U, 1854; com. div. 10th Corps, Oct. 10 to Dec. 2, 18G4, in actions of Uarbytown, Oct. 13 and 27 ; com. div. 24th Corps in assault and capture of Fort Fisher, and in operations in N.C. Jan.-Apr. 1865, for which brev. maj.-gen. vols, and brig.-gen. U.S.A. ; com. div. 10th Corps Apr.-May, 1865 ; lieut.-col. 24th Inf. July 28, 1866. U.S. senator from Mpi. 1871. — CuUum. Ames, F.DWARD B., bishop of the M.E. .^Church, b. Athens, 0., May 20, 1806^ His ' grandfather was a chaplain at Valley Forge. Edward was educated in the Ohio U.; was an instructor in McKendree Coll. in 182.3-9 ; was licensed to preach in 1830; was soon after as- signed to the Ind. conference, and ord. dea- con and elder. He took part in the general conference at Baltimore in 1840, when he was elected corresponding see. of the missionary society, and travelled in its behalf through the Western States and among the Indian tribes — a distance in all of over 25,000 miles. In 1842, he officiated as chaplain to a council of Choctaws. From 1844 to 1852, when he was made a bishop, he travelled sis presiding elder through variolas districts of Ind. A resident of Baltimore since 1861. Ames, Fisher, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1796), orator and statesman, b. Dedham, Ms., Apr. 9, 1758; d. there July 4, 1808. H. U 1774. Son of Dr. Nathaniel. His precocity is indi- cated by his having entered college at the age of 12. The poverty of his widowed mother com- pelled him to teach school for a support until 1781, when he began to practise law, and soon displayed brilliant oratorical powers. His great abilities tirst became known by his polit- ical writings in the Boston newspapers under the signatures of " Brutus " and " Camillus." In ihe convention which ratified the U.S. Con- stitution, he was a disting. speaker, especially on the subject of biennial elections. In the legisl. of 1788, he was so conspicuous for oratory and business-talent, that he was elected to Con- gress for the Suffolk dist. over Samuel Adams. He continued in that body during the whole of Washington's administration (1789-97), of which he was the zealous defeniler. His great speech on the British treaty, Apr. 28, 1795, is considered the era of his political life. At its close, a member in opposition moved to post- pone the ilecision of the question, that they mi;;ht nut vnti; unilrr llip irillncnce of a sen- sibility H liii li ilirii' i-aliii jiiHumcnt might con- elu(|ui-i]t ilrl.aii-r 111 the Ihuise, and was the author ot the address ot that body to Wash- ington on his retirement from the Presidency. He was several years a member of the council of Ms., and, while in that body, delivered a eulogy upon Washington before the State legisl. Chosen pres. of H. Coll. in 1804, but declined. He wrote a number of essays ou the French Revol., the character and tendencies of which inspired him with horror. The con- versation of Mr. Ames was instructive and de- lightful, and his character one of amiable sim- plicity and moral purity. His writings, with a memoir by Dr. Kirkland, were pub. in 1809 in one vol. 8vo, and an enlarged edition in 2 vols, in 1854, edited by his son, Seth Ames, judge Ms. Sup. Court. Ames, Joseph, b. Roxbury, N.H. Has painted many portraits in Boston and Balti- more. Among them are " Pius IX," " Gaz- zaniga," " President Fclton," and " Death of Webster : " he has also produced " Maud Muller," and the "Old Stone Pitcher.'' — Tuck-erman. Ames, Nathaniel, physician and mathe- matician, b. Bridgewater, Ms., 1708; d. Ded- ham, July 11, 1764. He inherited a taste for astronomy from his father, Nathaniel (1677- 1736), and from 1725 till his death pub. his famous almanacs. They were continued until 1775 by his son Nathaniel. Removing to Dedham, where he kept a House of public en- tertainment, he m., in 1735, Mary Fisher, by whom he had Fisher the celebrated orator, and Nathaniel (1741-1822), H.U. 1761, also a physician, and a surgeon in the Revol. army. Ames, Nathaniel, seaman and author, b. Dedham, Ms.; d. Providence, R.I., Jan. 18, 1835. He was the sou of Fisher Ames, and author of " Mariner's Sketches," 18.J0, "Nau- tical Reminiscences," 1832, and " AnOldSail- Ames, Nathan P., a skilful manufacturer of cannon, swords, cutlery, &c., at Chicopee Falls and Cabotville, Ms., b. 1803 ; d. Cabot- ville, Apr. 23, 1847. He commenced the cut- lery business in 1829. In 1834, the Ames man- ufacturing Co. was incorporated, with N. P, 25 Ames as agent. This company has supplied the U. S. Government with sworils since 1831. In 1840, he visited Europe to inspect foreign armories, and acquire information in regard to tools, cutlery, and improvements in arms. In 1836, the bronze foundry was erected, which lias become the most famous in the U S. : since its erection, nearly all the brass guns miide for the Amer. army have been cast at this estab- lishment. Here the celebrated statues of De Witt Clinton in Greenwood Cemetery, Brook- lyn, Washington in Union square, N.Y., and that of Franklin in School St., Boston, were cast. In 18.54, the British Government ordered of this company a complete set of the machines for perfecting the stock of the musket. They are now in use at the government armory near Woolwich. Eng. Amherst, Jeffhev, baron, a celebrated British gen., b. Kent, Eng., Jan. 29, 1717 ; d. Aug. 3, 1797. lie was page to the Duke of Dorset while lord lieut. of Ireland ; became an ensign in the army in 1731 ; was aide to Lord Ligonier at Dettingen, Fontenoy, and Rou- coux, and afterward to the Duke of Cumber- land at Laffeldt. Made maj-gen. in 1756, in 1758 he was given the command of the ex|)ed. against Louisburg. Landing June 8, a lodge- ment was effected July 26, and the place sur- rendered, as did also St. John's and other French strongholds. App. commander-in- chief Sept. 30, 1758, the surrender of Quebec to Wolfe's forces, and that of Fort Niagara to Townshend and Johnson, was followed hy that of Crown Point (July 26), and ihat of 'ticon- deroga (Aug. 4, 1759), to Amherst in pe his hands; and Sept. 8, 17G0, Montreal and the whole of Canada became a British posses- sion. He was rewarded with the thanks of parliament and the insignia of the Bath ; was made gov. of Virginia in 1763, and of Guern- sey in 1771, created a baron in 1776, com- mander-in-chief of the forces from I77S until 1795, and field-marshal in July, 1796. His bro. WiLLLvM, licut.-gen., col. 32d Foot, and gov. of St. John's, Newfoundland, d. May 13, 1781. He was aide-de-camp to his bro.. in Anicr., and was at the capture of Louisburg. Amidas, Philip, navigator, b. Hull, 1550; d. Eng. 1618. He com. one of the two ships fitted out by Raleigh, under Arthur Barlow, and sent to North Amer. 27 Apr. 1584. En- tering Ocracock Inlet, 13 July, they landed on Wocukc-ii Island, uf whicli th(?v on their .wn i>y -L- uf an Ammen, Damel, Capt. U. S. N., b. O., July 7, 1819. Midshipman, July 7, 1836; licut. Nov. 4, 1S49; capt. July 25, 1866. Attached to the coast-survey, 1848-62; com. steamer " Seneca," S. A. B. squad, at the battle of Port Royal, Nov. 7, 1861 ; at Tybee Island; com. monitor "Patapsco," S. A. B. squad, at Fort McAllister, Mar. 1863; attack on Fort Sumter, Apr. 7, 1863; suppressed a mutiny while on board the Calif. steamer"Ocean Queen," bound to Aspinwall, in May, 18G4 ; com. steamsloop " Mohican," N. A. B. squ.td. in both attacks on Fort Fisher; chief of bureau of yards and docks, 1869. — Ilamerdy. Ammen, Jacob, brig.-gen. Vols. b. Bote- tourt Co., Va , Jan. 7, 1808. West Point, 1831. Entering the 1st Artillery, he was for some years an instructor at West Point, and resigned in Nov. 1837. He was prof, of math- ematics successively in Bacon Coll., George- town, Ky., Jeff. Coll., Mpi., the U. of Ind., and Jeff. Coll. again. In 1861, he became col. 24th 0. Vols., and July 16, 1862, brig -gen. for ser- vices at Pittsburg Landing. From Apr. 1864, until after the battle of Nashville, he com. the 4th Div. 23d Corps at Knoxville. Resigned, Jan. 14, 1865. Ampudia (ilm-poo'-de-a), Pedro de, a Mexican gen., promoted by Santa Ana, in 1840, to that rank ; in 1842, led a party under Gen. Woll to attack the Texan frontier; took a prominent part in the conflicts at Loredo and Mier with the Tcxans, and in Dee. 1842, com. at the siege of Campeachy in Yucatan. Com- pelled to retreat by Commodore Moore on the night of June 26, 1843, Ampudia proceeded to Tabasco, where, in the summer of 1844, he aroused great indignation by his cruel execu- tion of Gen. Sentmanat, who had attacked that town. Ampudia was removed, but Apr. 11, 1846, appeared before Matamoras, as gen. in the Mexican army, under Arista. Intrusted with the command at the siege of Monterey, he was, after a spirited defence, compelled to surrender that city to Gen. Taylor, Sept. 24, 1846 Antiurey, Thomas, author of " Travels in America," 2 vols. 8vu, Loud., 1789, was a capt. in the army of Gen. Burgoync, whose conduct in the campaign of 1777 lie attempts to vindicate, and returned to Eng.- soon after theeapiuM' .-I C.iirA.u ,-. AnchiL'in II 1 ui), Jose, a Portu- guese .1-11 ! II II III il ■' ilie Apostle of the New WoiM; I, I, ,i. :i:i:, 1.533; d. near Espi- ritu SaiHo, June 9, 1597. He was a relative of Loyola, and was stationed at Coimbra. Sent in 1553 to Brazil, he founded there the first college for theconversion of the natives. App. gov. of the converted Indians, he contiib. with them to the foundation of St. Sebastians. Both the Portuguese and the savages ascribed to Father Anchieta the working of miracles. Of his many writings, one, on " The Natural Productions of Brazil," was pub. by the Acad, of Sciences at Madrid. Anderson, Alexander, the first wood- engi aver in Amer. (1798). b. N. Y. City, 1774; d. Jersey City, Jan. 16, 1870. Ho was origi- nally a phvsician, having grad. M. 1). at Cul. Coll., N. Y. In 1804, he pub. "A General History of Quadrupeds," with wood-engrav- ings. Among his best-known works are 40 il- lustrations of Shakspeare, and those in Web- ster's Spelling-book. Mr. B. J. Lossing pre- pared a memorial lecture of this pioneer en- graver.— 5e? Harper's Weekhj, Feb. 5, 1870. Anderson, Geo. B., gen. C. S. A., b. Wil- mington, N.C., 1831 ; d. Raleigh, N.C., Oct. 16, 1862. West Point, 1852. Entering the 2d Dragoons, he became 1st lieut. Dec. 13, 1855, adjt.^Aug. 1857, but resigned, Apr. 2.5, 1861, 26 and was maJe a brig.-gen. in the rrhA army. He commanded the N. C. coast-dtfences in Nov. 1861, and led a brigade at the battle of Antietam, where he received a wound in tlie foot, which caused his death. Anderson, Dk. IIe.vrv James, LL D. (185U), b. ITUS.^ Prof, iii.itlicmaiius Col. Coll., N.Y., 1825-43; Emeritus jirof. 1860. Col. Coll. 1818. MD. Cull Pliy. and S. 1824. Author of " Geology of Lieut. Lynch's E.xped. to the Dead Sea," " Geological Reconnois.-ianee of part of tlie Holy Land," 1843; pub. bv the U. S. Government. Anderson, Hugh J., lawyer, !>. Me 1801. Clerk U aldo Cu. courts 1827-37 ; M. C. 1837- 41; t;ov, of Me. 1844-7; commissioner of customs in Washinntou 18:)3-S; ap|j. Cth au- ditor U. S. treas. Oct. 1866. Anderson, Isaac, D.D., clergyman and pioneer preacher in the West ; b. EocUbridge Co., Va., Mar. 26, 1780; d. Kocktbrd, Tenn., Jan 28, 1857. At the age of 7, he had read the easier Latin authors. At 14, he entered Liberty Hall Acad., afterwards Washington Coll., and, after leaving the academy, studied theology. Removing with his father's family to Union, Tenn., he was in 1SU2 licensed to preach by the Union Presbytery ; preached there 9 years, and in 181 1 became pastor of a church in Maryville, where he established the south-west Theol. Sem. — Spratjue. Anderson, James, first Pres'b. minister of N. Y.. b. Scotland, Nov. 17, 1678; d. Done- gal, Pa , July 16, 1740. He was ord. by Ir- vine Presbytery, Nov. 17, 1708, with a view to his settlement in Va., where he arrived in Apr. 1709, but settled at Newcastle, Del , un- til, in Oct. 1717, he took charge of the church forming in N. Y. City. A division took place in 1720; and in Aug." 1727, he was installed in Donegal Pa. His bro. Johu of Perth Amboy was made in 1712 one of the council of the province, and d. Mar. 1736, a. 73, pres. of the Anderson, James, M. D., phvsician ; d. at his ^cat iKvir fliestertown, Md., D'ec. 8, 1820,a. 68. C'umiuciicuig las medical studies under his father, a plivbicuui from Scotland, he contin- ued tiiem at Phila. and at Edinburgh, but was obliged to return home before taking a degree. Fur more than 30 years he enjoyed a most ex- tensive pr.aetice, which his inlirinities com- pelled him, when at the age of 60, to relinquish. He was a zealous disciple of Wesley, and was exceedingly liberal and benevolent. — Tfiacher. Anderson, James Patton, gen. C. S. A., b. Mpi. He was lieut.-col. commanding of batt. of Mpi. Kifle Vols, in Mexican war. He com. a brigade in the 2d corps of the rebel army at Sliiloh and at Stone River; was highly commended for valor and ability. Anderson, John, lawyer and politician, b. CHniiliL-rUind, Me-, 1792; d. Aug. 21, 18.53. Bowd. Coll. 1813. He studied law with Ste- phen Longfellow, and was adm. to the bar in 1816. Member of the Me. senate in 1824; M. C. 1825-33 ; mayor of Portland in 1833 and 42; coll. customs at P. 1837-41 and 1843-8. Actively instrumental in securing the construc- tion of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence R.R. U.S. dist. Ktty. for Me. 183.3-7. Anderson, John Wallace, M. D, phy- sician, b. H:igerstown, Md. 1802; d. Liberia, Apr. 12, 1830. M. D. Phila. Coll. 1828. Son of Col. Richard, a Revol. officer. He prac- tised medicine at Hagerstown, but in Jan. 1830 sailed to Liberia to promote the cause of trmperance there, and died of fever soon after Anderson, Joseph, statesman, and Rcvol. soldier, b. N. Jersi'y, Nov. 5, 1757 ; d. Wash- ington, Apr. 17, 1837. He received a good education; studied law; was app. an ensign in the N. J. line in 1775; fought at Monmouth as a capt.; was in 1779 in the exped. of Sulli- van against the Six Nations ; in 1780 was at Valley Forge; in 1781 at the siege of Y'ork ; in which he assisted; and was an influential member of the U. S. Senate from Tenn. from 1797 to 1815, serving upon many important committees, and acting on two occasions as pres. pro tempore of the Senate, 1836, he ■Lnn 1815 to comptroller of the U. S. Anderson, Mrs. Ophelia Brown, ac- tress, b. Boston, Julv 24, 1813; d. Jamaica Plain, Roxbury, Ms.," Jan. 27 1852. Dau. of Mrs. Pelby ; made her debut at the Washing- ton Garden Theatre, Boston, in 1815, as Co- ra's child in " Pizarro." Afterward appeared at the Tremont Theatre, while it was under her father's management; and, after he took the National, she was for many years the chief attraction there. She was a superior actress and a great favorite. She first appeared at the Chestnut-st. Theatre, Phila., Sept. 7, 1840, as Julia in "The Duke's Bride." Anderson, Col. Richard, Rcvol. officer, d. Phila., June 22, 1835, a. 84. App. capt. 4th Md. rcgt. Nov. 15, 1777, he fought at German- town, and was wounded at the battle of Cow- pens. Anderson, Richard Clough, Jan., law- yer and politician, h. Louisville, Ky., Aug. 4, 1788; d. Tubaco, July 24, 1826. Wm. and Marv Coll. Son of R. C, a Rcvol. soldier, who d. Nov. 6, 1826, by a sister of Gen. George Rogers Clarke. He studied law under Judge Tucker, and practised with distinction in Lou- isville. Member of the Ky. legisl. ; M. C. 1817-21 ; again a member and speaker of the legisl. in 1822; minister to Colombia in 1823, and envoy extraordinary to the Panama Con- gress in 1826, but died while on the way there. Anderson, Richard Henry, lieut.-gen. C.S.A., b. S. C. ab. 1822. West Point, 1842.. He was brev. for gallantry at San Augnstin, Mexico, Aug. 20, 1847, and was a capt. 2d Dra- goons, when. Mar. 3, 1861, he resigned, and was made a brig.-gen. Confed. service. Maj.-gcn. in Aug 1862, and com. the 5th div. of Bragg's army in Tenn. Wounded at Antietam; com. a division at Gettysburg, July 4, 1863 ; made lieut.-gen. May, 1864. June 23, 1864, he made a successful attack on Gen. Wright's division, in front of Petersburg ; Oct. 7, he attacked and routed the U. S. cavalry near New Market ; and com. the 4th corps of Lee's army, at its surrender, Apr. 9, 18B5. Anderson, Hobert, brig.-gen. U. S. A., b. near Louisville, Ky., June 14, 1805. West Poipt, 1825. His lallier was Col. Joseph of the Uevol. army, and his mother a cousin of Chief-Justice Marshall. Entering the artillery, he was an instructor at West Point ; was brov. capt. for gallantry in the Florida war, Apr. 2, 1838; capt. Oct. 23, 1841 ; brev. raaj. Sept. 8, 1847, for gallantry at Molino del Key, where he was severely wounded; maj. 1st Artillery, Oct. 5, 1857; col. Jilay, 1861; and brig.-gen. May 15, 1861. He was in command at Charles- ton harbor when tlie Uebellion broke out, and transferred his small force to Fort Sumter, which he he.d until Apr. 14, when, after a heavy bombardment of two dnys, \k was obliged to surrender. Promotut-1, and as>igned to the dept. of the Cumberland, ill health caused him to withdraw from active duty. He has trans- lated from the French "Instructions for Field Artillery " and " Evolutions of Field Batter- ies." Brev. maj.-gen. Feb. 3, 1865; retired Oct. 27, 1863. D. Nice, Oct. 26, 1871. Anderson, Robekt H., brig.-gen. C.S.A., iiom Ga. Wei,t Point, 1857. Lieut. 9tu U.S. Inf ill 1S61 ; killed at the battle of Jonesboro', Ca., Sept. 1, 1864. Anderson, Uufcs, Cong, minister, b. Londonderry, IM.H., Mar. 5, 1765; d. Wenham, Feb. 11, 1814. Dartm. Coll. 1791. Oct. 22, 1794, he was ord. pastor in North Yarmouth, Me.; dismissed Sept. 1804; installed at Wen- ham, June 10, 1805, and dismissed in 1810. He pub. two discourses on ilie Fast, 1802, and seven letters jj.iiu-i i':r i lu»e com- munion of the Bii]iii . i - ' ■ — " :'i>/ue. Anderson, Ki,\ Ui i i I'l', LL.D., son of the piccciliii_, • ■ i h' \r,ir, ;,,(•. of the A.B.C.F.M , li, Mr . I :,i I, Bowd. Coll. 1818 ; And. Thcol, S, i„ l^-j did. May 10, 1826. Lecturer on I iiijii _\li->ions at And. Scm. 1867-9. A:irl,..r -I " , ,.,■,,«. upon the P,i.)- ponncsus u >> / - 1-';im>, 1> -;":i, 1830; n,^ ' / 1871; "F.H, • I ■-;,■ ■ i; ■ ., ..I Claims;"".\fMn..iroi( .rn.niMi;:-!.,),, I..:,. Anderson, Sa.muel, a N. V. loyalist; d. near Cornwall, Can., Oct. 6, 1336, a. 101. At the commencement of the Revol., lie went to Canada, was a capt. under Sir John Johnson, and after the war received half pay. He be- came a magistrate, judge of a district court, and associate justice of the court of King's Bench. — /Sahihe. Anderson, William, Revol. officer, b. Chester Co., Pa., ah. 1759; d. there Dec. 13, 1829. He joined the army early in the strug- gle, and at lis (lose was a capt., participating in the sufTi riii-s ..1 \'alKy Forge, the battle of Germaniowii, ^,nl ih.' ^i..;i' of Yorktown. He held many |iiil. n ini-is; was a Jefferson iim Democrat"; M..C. Irum 1^09 to 1815, and from 1817 to 1819; and in the latter part of his life was a judge of Delaware Co. court, and was employed in the collection of the customs. His daughter, Evelina, m. Com. Porter, U.S.N. — iimUh's Del. Co. Andrada e Sylva (iin-dra'-dii a sel'va), BoxiFACio Jose de, a Brazilian naturalist, b. Ho sessed and eloquence, and took i.. ; ... i,. ..isig Brazil an independentenipiic m 1„.J. iii; was prime-minister of Brazil for a shun time in 1822-3, and guardian of the emperor's minor children in 1831. He wrote several works on mining. His bros., Antonio Cailos (d. 1845) and Martin Francisco, were both disting. for talents and eloquence, and held high office under the Brazilian Government. Andre, John, maj , a British officer, who suffered as a spy in the Revol. war, b. London, 1751; d. Oct. 2, 1780. His father, a London merchant, and a native of Geneva, d. 1769. Alter receiving his education at Geneva, he returned to ].,oiidon before he was 18, and en- tered a counting-liuuse. His literary taste and genius procured him the acquaintance of seve- ral of the writers of the day, among whom was Anna Seward. Between Audio' and this lady's cousin, Honora Sneyd, a reciprocal attachment sprung up ; but their marriage was prevented by the girl's lather, and she became, a fiiw years later, the wife of Richard Lovell Edge- worth. Andre entered the British army. Mar. 4, 1771; visited the courts of Germany in 1772-3 ; and, in Sept. 1774, as licut. of the Roy- al Fusileers, landed at Phila. Taken prison- er by Montgomery at St. John's, Nov. 2, 1775, he was sent to Lancaster, Pa. ; but was ex- changed Dec. 1776, and promoted to a captain- cy Jan. 18, 1777, having gained the favor of Gen. Howe by a memoir with which he pre- sented him, on the existing war. In a letter to a friend, he said, " I have been taken prisoner by the Americans, and strijjped of every thing except the picture of Honora, which I con- cealed in my mouth. Prc.sLr\in:; that, I yet think myself fortunate." 'lli^ | .' :iii'- \i'' had him.self delineated on \i\: nice with her, at Buxton, in 1 7- ■ I lucr of 1777, he wasapp. aide tn i ,. n i ,i. , , rd was in the engagements in N.J. and Pa. in 1777. On the departure of Grey, he was app. aide to Sir Henry Clinton, by whom he was. in 1780, promoted to the rank of maj., and made adju- tant-gen. Selected by his commander to ar- range with Arnold the details of the treasonable surrender of West Point, he had, on his return from that post, passed safely all the American posts and guards by means of a pass from Ar- nold, when, on the 23d of Sept , he was stopped by 3 militiamen, whom he sought to bribe, hut without success. They found in one of his boots, in Arnold's handwriting, exact returns of the state uf the forces, stores, ordnance, and detcnces of West Point, with those of all its dependencies, with various Other kinds of in- formation necessary to the success of the plan. The board of officers composing the court- martial, at whose head was Greene, and among whom were Lafayette and Steuben, ibund him guilty of being a spy, and sentenced him to be hanged on his own admissions, he hav- ing thrown off all disguise, and acknowledged every thing. Every effort was made by Sir Henry Clinton to procure a remission of the verdict, but without avail. When led forth to execution, he manifested some emotion at the 28 si^'lit of the gibbet, and exclaimed, " Must I die in tliis manner? " and in a moment added, "But it will be only a momentary pang," and met his fate with dignity and com|josure. The sympathy of the American officers was univer- sal tor one so young, so gallant, so accom- plished, and so unlbrtunate. He contrib. poetry to the loyal newspapers; and it is a singular fact, that the last. canto of his satirical poeiii, " The Cow-Chase," was pub. in Rivington's Gazette, in N.Y., on the day of his capture. It ends with the following stanza ; — "And, now I've closed my epic strain, ■ I tremble as I show it, Lest this same warrio-drover Wayne Should ever catch the poet." Wayne com. the division of the army at Tap- pan, where Andre was executed. His memory has been embalmed in verse by Miss Seward, and perpetuated by a beautiful monument near the "Poet's Corner" in Westminster Abbey. His remains were placed near this monument Nov. 28, 1821. A pension was settled upon his family, and the honor of knighthood was conferred upon his brother. Anna Marguerite, his last surviving sister, d. in London in 1848 a. 90. {[.ossim;). — &e his Life, by [Vinthrop Sargent, 8vo, 18(31. Andl'ew, James Osgood, D.D , bishop of the M. E. Church, South, b. Augusta, Ga., May 3, 1794; d. Mobile, Mar. 2, 1871. His father was a Kevol. soldier and a Methodist minister. Entering the S. C. Conference in 1813, he was ord. deacon in 1814, and bishop in 1832 at Phila. His marriage with a lady who owned slaves was one of the causes of the division of the church into two independent bodies. Andrew, John Albion, LL.D., states- man, b. Windham, Me., May 31, 1818; d. Boston, Oct. 30, 1867. Bowd. Coll. 1837. Robert his anccsior settled in Rowley, Ms., and d. there in 1668. Adm. to the Boston bar in 1840, he became especially conspicuous in cases arising under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850; and in 1858, after being 10 years an anti- slaveiy man, was chosen to the legisl. In 1860, he was a member of the convention which nominated Mr. Lincoln to the Presidency, and was himself chosen gov. of Ms. by the largest popular vote ever cast for any candidate. An- ticipating the conflict with the seceded States, he took early steps to render the State militia efficient, and within a week after the President's proclamation of April 15, 1861, despatched five rcgts. of inf, a battalion of riflemen, and a battery of artillery, to the assistance of gov- ernment. He was re-elected by large majorities in 1861-4, evinced great executive ability, and declined a renomination in 186.5, on account of impaired health and the pressure of private affairs. During the war, he was veiy active in rai:.ing troops, animating the people by his fervid eloquence, and in providing comforts for sick jii'l .■.iiMil.l Mildiers; frequently confer- rinu 1' :i I iiment officers on national affin- 11 ', ! t in the conference at Al- toiiiia, l':i , III s ; I ISG2, prepared the address which tlicy ]irescntcd to the President, and was one of the most urgent in impressing upon the administration the necessity of emancipating the slaves, and of aco ;'ptin- the s o.vic.sofcol- ored troops. He dv, ■lillriT ihi- pioidency of Ant. Coll. in 1865. 1 111 li.at Mv, r. Ill- presided over the first natioiu .1 Uiulari;. ., eon'vention. and was a leader of it: vcwing. He was a powerful debater and an eloquent orator. Pres. of the N. E. Hist. Geneal. Society 1866-7. A memoir of his " Oflicial Life " by A. G. Brown, jun., was pub. 1868. Andrews, Ethan Allen, LL.D., b. New Britain, Ct.,1787; d. there Mar. 2.5,1858. Y.C. 1810. He studied law, and was some years engaged in iini.ni.w. In inoo, he was prof of ancient hiii-M.-. I'l ir I '. ot N. C. at Chapel Hill. Alt. Ill,, I : , at Xew Haven, Ct„ and i lor yc ladii In con- junction with Prof. Solomon Stoddard, he pub. a Latin grammar, of which 65 editions have been issued. He ])ub. many other books of Latin instruction, the chief of which is the large Dictionary on the basis of Freund. Andrews, Brig.-Gen. George L., b. Bridgewater, Ms., 1827. West Point (1st in class), 1851. Entering the engineer corps, he superintended, under Col. Thayer, the erection of fortifications in Boston harboi. Acting assist, prof, of engineering at West Poin t, 1 854 ; resigned, Sept. 1, 1855. He was subsequently a civil engineer in the employ of the Amos- keag Manuf. Co. As lieut.-col. and then col. 2d Ms. regt., he was disting. in all its hard- fought engagements, first under Banks in the Shenandoah Valley, conducting the rearguard in his memorable retreat, at Cedar Mountain, in the campaign under Pope, and at Antietam. Made brig.-gen. Nov. 10, 1862, and com. a brigade in Banks's exped. and the Port Hudson Campaign ; com. the Corps d'Afrique, July, 1863, to Feb. 13, 1865 ; and, for service at the capture of Mobile, brev. niaj.-gen. Vols., Mar. 26, 1865. App. Apr. 8, 1867", U. S. marshal for Ms. App. prof, of French at West Point, Feb. 27, 1871. Andrews, John, D,D., Epis. clergyman, b. near ihe head of Elk, Cecil Co., Md.i Apr. 4, 1746 ; d. Phila., Mar. 29, 1813. Phila. Coll. 1765. Ord. at London, Feb. 1767. He offici- ated in ditferent parts of Md., but, not sharing in the patriotic sentiments of the day, left his parish in Queen Anne Co., for school-teaching in Yorktown. Principal of the Phila. Epis. Acad. 1 785-9 ; prof of moral philos. U. of Pa. in 1789, vice-provost, 1789-1810 ; and provost from Dee. 1810 till his death. He officiated some years at St. James's, Btistol. Author ot " Elements of Logic," and a sermon on the parable of the unjust steward, 1789. Andrews, Joseph, one of the best line- engravers of this country, b. Hingham, Ms., Aug. 17, 1806 ; was apprenticed to Abel Bowcn of, Boston in 1821, and in 1836-7 received in- struction in London irom Goodyear, a leading English engraver. Of his best-known works are, " Annette de I'Arbre " by West, " Duke d'Uibino" by Titian, "Head of Washing- ton " by Stuart, and " Plymouth Rock, 1620," by Rothermel. Practises his art in Boston. Andrews, Loeing, journalist, d. Charlcf- ton, S.C, Oct. 19, 1805. Bro. of Rev. John of Newburyport (1788-1845; H.U. 1786). He ANGr pub. in Boston the IJerahl of Freedom, after- ward, at Stockbiidge, the Western Star, and in 1803 established the Charleston Courier, an able itical jonrnal. Andrews, Ms., 1811'. Pul Law with tlie 1 STKpriF.N Pe.\rl, author, h. Comparison of the Oommon Uan;iry in X- i:., for tlie Society for the Prup;i^:iih',ii ,,| ihr (iospcl ill Foreign Parts (17Gl-.".i, in- eie^i,., ,| in a warm contro- versy with L)r. M:i\ hew. "ii the design and conduct of that bmly. 'I'lie lio-tility of the people to the Episcopaey ilerj.l 'il liim to return to Eng., wliere he eventually lill' il the stall of Finsbury in St. Paufs Catheili.il. Among his writings are " Letters on Christianity, in reply to Gibbon," " Discourses on Projihe- cy," 2 vols. 8vo He m. Elizabeth, dan. of Eliakim Hutchinson. Arbuckle, AIatthew, soldier, b. Green- brier Co., near the Warm Springs, Va , 1776 ; d. Fort Smith, Ark., June 11, 1851. He en- tered the army an ensign. Mar. 3, 1799 ; was made capt. June, 1806; major 3d Inf. Aug. 15, 1812; lieut, -col. Mar. 9, 1S14 ; col. 7th Inf. Mar. 10, 1820; brev. brig.-gen. Mar. 16, 1830. Stationed for many years on the fron- tier, he was well acquainted with the Indian character, and by his good conduct acquired their confidence. He com. a successful exped. against the Fowltown Indians, Nov. 23, 1817. Arbuthnot, Marriot, a British adm., b. ab. 1711 ; d. Loud., Jan. 31, 1794. Nephew of ])r. Arbuthnot tlie poet. After commanding various ships, he was naval commissioner, resi- dent at Halifax, in 1775-8, and relumed to Eng. a rcar-adm. JIade vice-adm. of the blue, and com.-in-chief on the N. Amer. station, he proceeded to his destination in Mar. 1779; but was confined to port soon after his arrival, by D'listaing's fleet. Dec. 26, 1779, he conveyed Sir Henry Clinton's troops to the siege of Charleston, in which he co-operated, and which was soon forced to surrender, and earned by this success the thanks of parlia- ment. Mar. 16. 1781, in a distant action with the French fleet off the capes of Va., he ob- tained some advantage, but was prevented, by a thick haze, from following it up. Made adni. of the blue, Feb. 1, 1793. Arce (ar'-tha), Manui;l .T> i-f , ]>f • ■•\~ the Republic of Central Amer. in : i ' l' : mg incurred the enmity of the j; i al party to which he belonged, a .nil ,\,ir lnuko out, and Arce was, in 1827, defeated at A|io|>a and Santa Ana. In April, 1829, Gen. Mora- zan, leader of the liberal party, entered Gua- temala, assumed the government, and seized Arce, who, together with some of the superior clergv, were expelled the coiintrv. Archdale, John-, gov. of N. C. 1695-6, author of a " History and Description of Car- olina," Lond., 1707. Son of Thos. of Loaks in Chipping Wycomb, Bucks Co., Eng. Gov. Gorges of Me. m. his sister Mary ; and in 1664 he came as his agent to N. E. Archdale was in N.C. in Mar. 1686, and was a commissioner for Gorges in Me. in 1687-8. Landing first in S.C, he formed a new commission of sensible and moderate men ; arrived in N.C. in the sum- mer of 1695, and had a successful and highly popular administration. He was a proprietor of the province, and was a man of great pru- dence and sagacity. Though a Quaker, he promoted a militia'law, exeinpting the Friends from military service. Elected a member of parliament in 1698, he would only afiirm, in- stead of taking the required oaths, aiul was not jiermitted to take bis seat. — 0'Colhir;han. Archer, Dr. Branch T., Te.xan revol'ist, b. Va., 1790; d. Brazoria Co., Tex., Sept. 22, I85G. He studied medicine in Phila., prac- tised for many years in his native State, and was often a member of its legisl. Removing to Tex. in 1831, he became a prominent actor in her revolution ; presided over the " Consul- tation " in Nov. 1835, and was by that body elected a commissioner to the U. S. with S. F. Austin and N. H. Wharton, to solicit aid in her struggle for independence ; was elected to her first Congress on his return in 1836, was speaker of the house of representatives, and sec. of war from 1839 to 1842, when, on account of ill health, he retired to private life. He was a ripe scholar and an eloquent speaker. Archer, John, physician and legislator, b. Harford Co., Md. in 1741 ; d. 1810. Prince- A.RC .AJS.I ton Coll. 1760. M.D. 1768. He received from the riiihi. Meil. Coll. the first medical diploma ever issued in the New Woi-Ul. At the com- mencement of the Revol., he had command of a military company; was a member of the State lo.-isl.; and was'M.C. from Md. from 1801 to 1807. Several of his medical discoveries have been adopted by the profession. Archer, Col. Sam'l B. ; d. Phila., Dec. 1 1 , 182.i. He was ajjp. from Va., capt 2d Art. March 12, ISIJ; iia-v. m.aj. May 27, 1813, "for L.:i; i-iin ,.ii.!-.in,lcondue ' I'urt George, Jilay 26 and at Stony Creek, "June 6, 111 rank of col., Nov. 10, ,/,„, Archer, Stkphenson, LLD., judge of the JId. ('uurt of Appeals. Son of Ur. John, h. Harford Co., Md. ; d. June 2.i, 1848. N. J. Coll. 1805. M.C. from Md., 1811-17; then app. judge of Mpi. Terr., and was again in Congress in 1819-21. Archer, Wm, S., statrsmnn. Ii. Amelia Co., Va., Mar. .">, l7S;i: A lii -i- Alar i^^, 185.i. Wm. a:,. I .\Iarv CmII, <<: W al. His gran^ll.iila 1-, Ci.l- Will,, ' ai, i , I ,ii';eton, d. uf .snnll |.MX o„ I,.,,, 1-1 a ,ai-..:; -!iia. His fuller, yi.(]. John, aide to Wayne at Stony I'oint, was brcv. capt. for gallantry in that ail'air. Win. S. studied law; was a member of the la-i>l. 1812-19; M. C. 1820-3.5 ; U.S. sciiatn: l~ll-7.ai,il chairman of the commit- tee 1.111 s. In Congress he took an all, ;.ai i a i!! matters of national im- portaiM . .nil n - .i member of the committee on the Missouri C'om]irumise. Arciszeffski (an-se-shCv'-ske), Christo- pher, gov.-gen. of Brazil, b. ab. 1600; d. Lissa, Toland, 1668. Leaving Poland on account of religion, he ( the Du lilary ser- vice, and on the conquest of Brazil was app. its gov. He fortified the principal cities, and was an excellent mathematician as well as a skilful soldier. A tii-l,,: i' i -Ma U !-, ;ii ■ Dutch in e..iiimcm.aa:a Arey, Haruii;t la i i , • -a > . -. i - p her father, a member of the Caiiiadiui parlia- ment at tlie brcaking-out of the rebellion of 1 837, afterward held offices of trust under the U.S. Gov. She was a school-teacher in Cleve- lanil. O,, a contributor to the Dalh/ Herald ; 1848 1 1 Oli the Youth's Cas/.et and the Home ilonlhl,, m Buffalo and N.Y. ; and in 185.5 pub. " House- hnld Sonus and other Poems." — Pods and I'd. Ini Of- the West. ArgaU, Samuel, dep.-gov. of Va. in 1617, 1. Bri-iol, Kng. 1572; d. 1639. In 1612. ho carri' il off Pocahontas to Jamestown, the temi.tatiiin to the perfidious chid in whose charge she was b.-ing a bra-s kettle. In 1613, he broke up the Freurh - tr'ian iii at !\Ir. 1).-.- ert, on the coast of M- ' a -i a r twcen the French anil 1 _: ii- n K. also destrovcd tbt- Fi ■ a i , - ,s became odious to the colony. Recalled to an- swer for his misconduct, he was shielded by his trading partner, the Earl of vVarwick. He was a capt. in the exped. against the Algerines in 1620; was knighted by James I. in 1623; and in 1625 was engaged in Cecil's exped. against the Spanish. An account of his voy- age from Jamestown, 1610, and his letter re- specting his voyage to Va. in 1618, are pre- served in Purchas. After the death of Lord Delaware, Argall took charge of his estate; and letters of the countess are in existence ac- cusing him of the most flagrant and barefaced peculation. Argenson, r>' (dar-zhOn'-sOn'), Pierre DE Voter, Viscount, gov. of Canada from Jan. 27, 1657, to 1661, b. 1626 ; d. France, ab. 1709. He was of a noble family, and disting. himself at the siege of Bordeaux and at the battle of Sens. Subsequently Reeve of Tou- raine. Some progress was made by him in dis- covery, in the country beyond Lake Superior, and on Hudson's Bay; but his government seems to have " consisted of little else than barbaric invasions and civil and religious quaiTcIs." — Moirjan. Arias, Don Francisco Gabino, traveller, b. Salto, Buenos Ay res ; d. ab. 1808. He was a col. in the army, and in 1774 undertook to penetrate the desert part of the continent, des- ignated by the name of " prand diaco." Af- ter making an exploration of this region with Matorras, who d. ab. 1775, Arias, in 1780, Cantinued the labors of his former companion 1 : - i i ;iic course of 1 r. a: , , ■ 1 , ■< that the lla.i.-i:,. a ■ ■: :; i , i' a,,i. la-a lait craft of a 111 : . • a M dl'^eend it, tliat the na- tion- 1 1 J iti borders w. re pacific, and a!-- d not into the Parana, as « 1- - , I 1, liat into the River Paraguay. 1 11 liive of his expedition, drawn up by .MIS ] ub. by his son Dr. Jose' An- \ lias, by order of the government. — Arillaga (il-iel-la-gii), Rev. Basilio Man- ui.L. 1> 1 1 . -iiiH lior of ji'suits in Mexico, and rarair ,,| ilir r,,|| uf St. Ildcfnnso ; d. Aug. isi'.:, in tlia 1 n-nn ,,f ,Sf. I , ihon.jh over 80 vai . .,: ,1 J- 111 -i,a ,1,1, 1 ■, !ai|.hletsin Vr|,:, a, 1^ ■-■,,■ .■ .a a, 1 1, a ', ,\l,l,e Tes- toi '. . , :. ,- a, .'1 ,, a , , _ i;;iiorant a. 1.1 auuaiii. U. v..i, una ol ila: most erudite of Mexican scholars; and his reply is a master- piece of learnin.g, wit, and sarcasm. Arismendi, Juan Bautista, a Vene- zuelan gen., b. in the Island of Margarita. He had attained the rank of capt. ; and, when the revol. broke out, took command of the i atriot forces, and, after a long struggle, defeated the Saaai-li gen. Morillo, and drove him from the ! Ill conjunction with Bolivar and Paez, '■a Morillo from New Granada in 1819, a the greater part of Venezuela, of ii I was made vice-pres. In Paez's in- 1 a against Bolivar, in 1826, he espoused il, a- of the latter in his absence, and ren- lii a uraat service to the nation. Arista (ii-res'ta), Mariano, a Mexican 34 ^RM when he joined ihe |iatriuts. In Apr. 1829, he was matle a lieut.-eol., and, having supported Bustamente, was made a col., and brev. brig.- gen. Upon the accession of Santa Aiia, Apr. 1, 1833, Arista was made gen. of brigade, and in June, 1833, was second in command of the army. Having joined Duran in his unsuccess- ful revolt, he was deprived of his rank, and expelled from Mexico. After passing a year and a half in the U. S., he returned in June, 1835, was restored to his rank in the army, and was judge of the supreme tribunal of war, from Aug. 1836, to Apr. 1837. Taken prisoner by the French at Vera Cruz, Dec. 5, 1 838, he was 2 months after released on parole. In 1839, with but 400 men, he suppressed the revolt of Urrea at Tampico. App. commandant-gen. of Tamaulipas, at the close of 1839 he became gen.-in-chief of the northern division. For defeating the insurgents of the eastern dept., he received a special cross of honor. Made gen. of division in Sept. 1841, he caused the government of Hcrrera, who succeeded Santa Ana in Dec. 1844, to be recognized through- out the eastern dcpts. In the war with the U.S., in 1846-7, he com. at the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. In June, 1848, he was app. by Pres. Herrera minister of war, and displayed activity and judgment in the suppression of 17 revolts that occurred during 2 years. Elected pres. of the republic in the fall of 1850, he resigned the government, Jan. 5, 1853. Banished from the country by his enemies, he made a voyage to Europe, visited Spain, and died while on his way to France, on the day that Santa Ana, who had usurped his seat, fled from the city of Mexico. The government of Alvarez in 1857 decreed him to have " merited well of his country." Armand (iir-mon'), Charles Tufin, Marquis de l.i Kocarie, a French soldier, b. nearRennes, France, 1756 ; d. Jan. 30, 1793. Entering tUe rjardes du corps, at Paris, his pas- sion for an actress in that city led to a duel, in consequence of wliich he left France. Volun- teering in the cause of America, May 10, 1777, he received from Congress the commission of col. He fought at Red Bank ; was with La- fayette in N.J. in the fall of that year; and in 1778 was actively engaged in Westchester Co., N.Y., opposing the corps of Simcoe, Em- merick, and Baremore the loyalist, whom he captured near Kingsbridge, Nov. 8, 1779. His corps was incorporated with that of Pulaski in Feb. 1780 ; and he was with Gates at the defeat of Camden, and strongly censured the conduct of that officer. In 1781, though dissatisfied with the promotions in the army, in which he saw no chance of advancement, he procured from his own means clothing and accoutre- ments in France, returning in season to par- ticipate in the victory at Yorktown. He was made a brig.-gen. Mar. 26, 1783. Returning home, he took part in the French Revolution ; was for a time a prisoner in the Bastille ; took an active part with the royalists of La Vendee, and was a leader of those of Brittany, Anjou, and Poitou. The execution of Louis XVI. gave his system such a shock, that he sunk under a nervous malady. Gen. Armand was urbane and polished in manner, an eloquentand persuasive speaker, and was greatly beloved by his friends. Armistead, George, lieut.-coI. U.S.A., b. Newmarket, Va., Apr. 10, 1780; d. Baltimore, Apr. 25, 1818. The ancestor of this family came from Hesse D'Armstadt. 5 bros. en- gaged in the War of 1812, — 3 in the regular army, and 2 iu the militia. George was app. 2d iieut. Jan. 8, 1799; capt. Nov. 6, 1806; maj. 3d Art. Mar. 3, 1813; was disting. at the capture of Fort George, U.C, May, 1813, and was brev. Iieut -col. for the defence of Fort McIIenry, Sept. 14, 1814. Armistead, Lewis Addison, gen. C.S A., b. Newbern, N.C., 18 Feb. 1817 ; killed at the battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. West Point, 1836. Son of Gen. Walter K. Enter- ing the 6th Inf. in 1839, he won the brevets of capt. and maj for gallantry at Contreras, Churubusco, and Molino del Rey At Chapul- tepec, he was one of the storming-party, was highly disting., and wounded. Capt. Mar. 3, 1855. In 1859, he com. a detachment sent against the Indians from Fort Mohave, Cal., and defeated them. He resigned in 1861 ; was made col. 57th Va. Inf. in Apr., and in the same month a brig.-gen. in the Confederate Army ; took part in the peninsular campaign, and was in Longstreet's corps in Lee's invasion of Md., and was wounded at Antietam. Armistead, Walter Keith, brev. brig.- gen.. hro. of George, b. Va. ab. 1785; d. Up- perville, Va., Oct. 13, 1845. Entering the en- gineer corps from West Point, Mar. 5, 1803, he was chief engineer of the army in Canada in 1812, and engaged at Fort Niagara, 21 Nov., and engineer for the defence of Chesapeake Bay in 1813-18; col. and chief engineer, Nov. 12, 1818; inspector Milit. Acad. Nov. 1818 to June, 1821 ; col. 3d Art. 1 June, 1821 ; brev. brig.-gen. Nov. 12, 1828. He com. in 1840-41 against the Seminoles in Florida. Armstrong, James, commodore U.S.N., b.. ShclbyviUe, Ky., 17 Jan. 1794; d. Salem, Ms., 27 Ang. 1868. His parents emigrated from Va. Midshipm. U. S. N. 15 Nov. 1809 ; Iieut. 27 Apr. 1816 ; com. 3 Mar. 1825 ; capt. 8 Sept. 1841, and comrao. 16 Julv, 1866. Cap- tured in " The Frolic " in 1814, by the British frigate " Orpheus," and kept a prisoner until Mar. 1S15. Com. the E. I. squad, in 1855-8, and in 1857 attacked and captured the Barrier forts in the Canton River. Compelled by a large rebel force to surrender the Pensacola navy-yard 12 Jan. 1861. — See Notice of Capt. A.'s Services in the N. E. H. f,- G. Reg., July, 1871. Armstrong, James Francis. 30 years pastor of the church at Trenton, N.J., b. W. Nottingham, Md., 3 Apr. 1750; d. Trenton, Jan. 19, 1816. N. J. Coll. 1773. He studied under Rev. John Blair ; was licensed to preach in 1777, and served as chaplain through the War of Independence. — S/ l Lvader, and other journals. Some of his 'lianin t<( jiiaaiis an- uf riiiiaikalilr sweetness. Heserved nuni till- iviih liMinir in lim I'niun army during the allnrival.l , hi Chica;;.!, ■::•,, .:,•,, ;:, ,::„.., and wa.^ Ill I -i,,'i-n. -I .Ih ainiinn r. S, Unas. !,.■ '\ ;- 'li-.ilih .1 I'i' Villi nanitlis, during — Lanman. I ■ 11 111, tail rank. In Arnold, Sir James Robektson, a British ',, : "1 .1 >, n r.aiiinin.h.f Phila. gen., b. Phila., 178U ; d. Loud., Dec. 27, 1S.54. M 1. 1,11 Illy, ran deeply in His father was Benedict Arnold thi- traitor. I ' . oivil to su>tnin himself by Entering the royal engiin'i i - m ITI-^ li ■ at- ' 1 I and rapacity. In 1779, ho tained the rank of col. ; \mi i innn I 111. of Edward Shippen of that arm in 1841, and l« i '. : ^mi. 1, I ' vMiv ,,r,.r,MiTil a"riinst him; in 1851. He was comnuunlin- LiiuimLr at I Ml :: ' :, Mil- nn IK ' I liv a court- Nova Scotia and N. Brunswick in InIO-2.3; lln the .com- displayed great courage in the attack on Su- I i 1 II : I i 1 I ll III. : V adminis- rinam, where ho was dangerously wonniled, and ^l,ua^ 1.1 uiruii \i li !i 11 1. months became aide-do-camp siicces.■■■ 1 I ITil .1 ^i .1. 1'lns- iidposed to betray into ll,!' ni 1 i - I I !.., • \'t , I'..' ■' I : . II 1 1.1 ; r of iton, who had employed .M \. i ■ \ i. \:' ' i - .. i of otiation. ThecaptnVeof .\i. -■ - .i M.i. i::n,i.|.. . ; I.. I.,., , |.i ..., i.im - nn the (,, 1,.,1 to ,|W rN,,o.n,-.. 11. 1 .n ,. ; ,. oUt., ol .olv- C to l„n II ,ui i ,. , -O . ,11, U'V, t; inni ,\rnol.l n 1 ■ ■ ' ; . ^ .1 memher of the Old Congress in 1782-4, aiid In !'n iti-h -lno|i • \ I 1 1.111-,., 1- surgeon in the Rcvnl. army. After the war, I. iin I, -li'l to ll I 1 : 1.1.1 1 moved to St. Johnshury, Vt., where he was ;l.'i, and the Lii in- judge of tlie Orange County Court from 1782 tisli service. A].] -n-i n . 1 .n nxiHil, lill his death. Inst Va, in 1 >. , I n 1, ,1 liie Arnold, Josun Lyndon, poet, b. Provi- iir^Uivrr, andinlli 1 ilvlaiin- dence, Apr. 22, 1768 ; d. St. Johnshury, Vt., Ill i'l.j" ll-: 1: I in another June 7, 1796. Danm. Coll. 1788. Son of ' ' • ' 1.1 I, Ct. by Dr. Jonathan Arnold. After graduating, he 1 1 1 ' 1 ! 1- they had taught .school in Plainfinld, Ct., then studied II 11 i >. I.iinlon. In law in Providence, and was adm. to prac- i 1 11 I am." He tice, but quitted the bar for a tutorship at B. U. 1 1 ' ! ii i 11 i 11 .iniehewas On his father's death, he returned to St. Johns- 1 . . . 1 . liv except bury. His poems were collected after his in J .11 I ■ V I" 1 n III .1 1; miiv." In death in a small volume (pub. 1797), with a .1., ami in I ;aii--, in- was at .St, Joim's, N.B., biogi-aphical preface signed James Bnrrell, jnn. le 27, 'Arrington, Alfked W., lawyer, b. ] •d law dell (.lo., iS'.C, Sept. ISIO; d. Chicago. ] Arnold, Lkwis G., bng.-gen. U. S. Vols., Ii. N'..J. all. 1816. West Point, 1837. Entering the 2j Art., he won two brevets in Mexieo by his gallantry at Contreras and Clmrubusco, where lie com. his company, and at Chapul- tepec. He was afterward disting. in Florida, commanding a detachment in a conflict with a large force of Seininoles at Big Cypress, Apr. 7, 1S56. jMay i5, 1861, made maj. Ut Art., and Jan. 24, 1862, brig.-gen. vols., serv- ing with the forces at N. Orleans. Lieut.-col. 2d Alt, Aug. 1, 186.3. Retired Feb. 8, 1864. He served at Fort Pickens in 1861-2, was in ilic repuLse of the rebels on Santa Rosa Island, Fla , Oct. 9, 1861, and com. the Dep't of Fla. Feb.-Oct. 1862. Arnold, Peleg, manv years chief-justice of the Supreme C^ourt of R. I.; d. Smithfield, R.I., Feb. 1.!, isjd, :i. fis. He was a member of the Assi-ni! : ;ii.l i .;. j -ate to Congress in 1736-8, wL , , >-•■!• ludge. Arnold, l:: ■ ..)> • •■ inaj.gen.,b.Prov- idence, R,l., \2 .\|,i. 1 •_,-. West Point, 1850. Sun of Guv. L. a. Arnold. Entering the ar- tillery, he served in Florida; was aide to Gen. Wouliu Cal.; eapt. 5th Art. June, 1861 ; served at Bull Run, and t\ni,-[|, m 1839, on the union of tlu' luov.nn ,. .iinl the app. of C. PaulettThom|.,"ii a-iii-i -.v -.n. of Can- ada, Sir George retuiiied liouie, and was imme- diately app. gov. of Bombay. — Munjan. Arthur, Timothy Shay, author, b. near . Newhurg, Or.inge, Co., N.Y., 1809.^ He had CL. little education ; was apprenticed to a trader in Baltimore ; was for several years a clerk, and, in 18:J3, visited the West as agent of a banking company. On his return to Baltimore, where \\'- pn!i. a nnwi^aper called the Athenaeum, he ' I ■!-- m| short novels, chiefly of a do- 11 , ; : I , which have been widely cir- i. : . I. .: |iapers and in cheap editions, i.X ^ \V 11 j| hi>tui his later novels are, " Out in the Wi.iid,'' " Nothing but Money," and " Our NeighlMirs." Artigas (ar-tee'-gas), Jose, a Montc\ idean gen., b. ab. 1760; d. Nov. 1825. During the insurrection of the Spanish colonies, the late of the new republic of La Plata was for souir time in his hands. In 1811, whileacapt. in tiie nual army, he entered the service of Buenos Ayns in consequence of a quarrel with the gov. of Santo Sacramento, and, gaining a victory over i\v: royalists at Las Piedras, the junta of Buenos Ayres speedily invested him with the command of an army with which he soon brought the Bra- zilian Governmentto terms. Having withdrawn Ills tnii.ps from tlie sic-e of Montevideo, the 1 1815, and coni] him as independei In 1816, the Pu: deavored to extend tlieir territory to the La I'lata, but, alter several engagements, were forced to leave Artigas in possession of the country. In 1820, Artigas became master of the capital, in consequence of the government having lent itself to a plot for the establishment of an hereditary governjnent, Imt was deleattd in a decisive battle in Oct. 1820, and was, un- til his death, a captive in the hands of Francia, dictator of Paraguay. He was active and brave, and possessed an indomitable wid. Asboth, Alexander Sandor, brig.-gen. U.S. Vols., b.Keszthelv, Co. of Zaln, Hungary, Dec. 18, 1811; d. Buenos Ayres, Jan. 21, 1868. He studied at Oedenburg, served in the Aus- trian army, and afterwards devoted hinisiH'to engineering. Attaching himMli'in ilh I.l!« iik on the outbreak of the war of 1 '^ I ' ' 1 the Hungarian army, took p,i II ties, and at the close of the >tiii,;j! wi^iij- gen. of the army. Accompanung Ko-snth tu Turkey, he shared his confinement at Kutaiah, and on their release, in the autumn of 1831, came in the frigate " Mississippi " to the U. S., of which he became a citizen. He was succes- sively a farmer, engineer, and manufacturer, until, in the spring of 1861, he oiFered his ser- vices to government, and in July went as chief of Fremont's staff to Missouri. Sept. 26, he was made brig.-gen., and in Fremont's western campaign com. the 4th division. His division formed the rearguard on the retreat to Rolla. He took an active part in Gen. Curtis's winter campaign in Ark., and was prominent in the 3- days' battle of Pea Ridge, where he was severely wounded. In Feb. 1363, he com. at Columbus, Ky., and in Aug. was assigned to the command of W. Florida. In the fight at Mariana, Fla., Sept. 27, 1864, his left cheek bone was broken, and his left arm fractured in two places. Brev. maj.-gen. for his services in Fla., Mar. 13, 1865; resigned Aug. 186.'). Tlie wound in his face fi- nally caused his death. App. minister to the Argentine Republic in Mar. 1866. Asbury, Francis, bishop of the M. E. Church, b. Uandsworth, StaHTordshire, Eng., Aug. 20, 1745; d. Spottsylvania, Va., Mar. 31, 1816. He became an itinerant under Wes- ley in his 23d year; came to theU. S. in 1771 ; in 1772 was app. by Wesley general supt. in Amer., and held the office throughout the Rev- olution. At the peace, the Methodists in this country organized as a body separate from the Church of Eng. ; and Asbury was consecrated bishop by Dr. Coke in 1784. For 32 years, Bishop Asbury travelled yearly through the U. S., ordaining not less than 3,000 preachers, and preaching about 17,000 sermons. Asgill, Sir Charles, hart., a British gen., b. 1762; d July, 1823. Son of Sir Charles, alderman of London. Entering the 1st foot guards in Feb. 1778, he became a capt. Feb. 3, 1781, and, joining the army under Cornwallis in America, was included in the surrender at Yorktown. By order of Washington, the cap- tured officers of his rank drew lots, that one might suffer in retaliation for the execution of the Amer. capt. Huddy. The lot fell upon Asgill; but by the intervention of the French queen, to whom his mother had made most pa- thetic appeals, he was, after 6 months' deten- tion, releasi-d by act of Congress. He afterward served during the Irish rebellion, and attained the grade of gen. June 4, 1814. Ashburton, Alexander Baring, lord, manv years the head of the great mercantile house "Baring Brothers & Co.," b. 1774; d. May 13, 1848. Son of Sir Francis Baring. After a business-education in Lund., cauic to firm. From 1812, until lic\\,i^ mi-d tn the peerage in 1835, he was a m. ml., r ni |,:irlia- ment. Comnienciiig political lilrUNU Win-, he became, on the formation of the Peel ministry in 1S34, prcs. of the Board of Trade. In 1842, he was app. by Peel a special commis- .sioner to settle the .Maine boundary dispute, which then thrcatrncd ut in\p.r. in ilir Bangor Theol. Sem. Removinj I i 1 :■ h, : [ (.'olurabia, he edited the 7'/,. / //. App. to take charge of a r rn;,!, . mciit to the colony at Liberia, he an ivtil at Cape Montserado, Aug. 8, 1822. He was legislator, soldier, and engi- neer, laying out fortifications, and superin- tending their construction, though suffering great affliction from the loss of his wife, and laboring under an attack of fever. Ab. three months after his arrival, his force of 35 men and boys was attacked by 800 armed savages, whom he repulsed, and a second time defeated them a few days later. Comjjelled by ill health to take a voyage to Amer., he d. a fortnight aftei his arrival at New Haven. He pub. " Memoirs of Rev. Samuel Bacon," 1822, and papers in the African Jiepoaitorij. — See Life by li. R. Gurlet/, 8vo, 183S. Ashmun, John Hooker, legal scholar, b. Blandford, Ms., July 3, 1800; d. Cam- bridge, Ms., Apr. 1, 1833. Son of Eli P. H. U. 1818. He became associated with Judge Howe and Elijah H. Mills in conducting a law- scliool at Northampton ; and, when the law- school at Cambridge was organized in 1829, he was app. prof there. Though he d. young, ho had acquired a high reputation. Judge Story, in his funeral discour.se, said, " The honors of the university were never more wor- thily bestowed," and " he gathered about him all the honors which are usually the harvest of the ripest life." Aspinwall, Col. Thomas, b. Brooklino, . , Aug. 23, 1784.^H. U. 1804. Sou. of Dr. <^ ^-f /2., / & Wm. He studied law with Wm. Sullivan, / and, at the commencement of the War of 1812, was a practitioner at tlie bar. App. maj. 9tli U. S. Inf , which he aided in raising, Mar. 12, 1812, he received tlie brevs. of lieut.-col. for gallantry at Sackett's Harbor, May 29, 1813, and of col. for Brown's sortie from Fort Erie, in which he lost an arm, Sept. 17, 1814; and was also disting. iu Gaines's victory at Fort Erie. U. S. consul at London from 1816 to 18.i4. Since a resident of Boston. Aspinwall, William, M.D., physician, 1). Brookline, Ms., May 23, 1743; d. Apr. 16, 1823. H. U. 1764. He studied at Phila., and took his diploma there ab. 1768. He prac- tised in Brookline until the Revol. war. He ^t 40 served as a vol. at Lexington, then as a surscon, anil afterward as deputy director of a military hospital at Jamaica Plain. He afterward engaged in inoculation for small- pox, and erected ho.spitnls in Brookiine for that purpose, and adoptid vnrciin' innculation as soon as it was int.-.n!,,,.,! ,„;u il„. U. S. Mnnv ve:,rsamen,hr, ,.| >1., I,,,.,.,, and senate of .Ms . nn.l ,,f tl ^.■< rir.r .Miinnl.Mlso a Astor, .fou.N J.^coB, a wealthy merchant, founder of the Astor Library o"f N. Y., h. Waldorf, Germany, July 17, 1763; d. N. Y. City, March 29, 1848. At the age of 16, he joined his elder bro., a dealer in musical in- struments, in London, and at 20, with a small stock of furs, began business in N. Y. He nnd, an immense loitune, the bulk of which he left to his son, Wm. B. Astor. Besides giving 8400,001) for the lihr.irv, he made many liberal d<,!iaii"n..lMnnr hi. lilMime. His will con- tain -.1 iiii-ii . -'i. ! . '; iiii.iMr provisions, one of ^ . 1 'I i-i ; ,; ..I (lie poor of his nain. mii::j<> I h' in- hi' m- of the establish- ment hi A>ioria are narrated by Irving in his "Astoria" and iu his "Life of Capt. Bonne- ville." Atahualpa (ii-tii-hwal'-pa), or Atabali- PA, last inea of Peru, strangled by order of Pizarro, Aug. 29, 1533. Made king of Quito on his fatber's death in 1.'529, he soon after de- posed his eldest brother Huescar, and sought to secure his seat bv the nini-der of lii^ iliilihcii. The civil war which cnsiaM cnaiilrrl l'i/,,Mo t,i obtain a foothold in I'iih nhiainin^ |„,,.r.- sion of the inca's perMiU I y lreaehii\. lie wa^ for some time kept iu respectful ciistody to issue such orders as the conquerors dictat'd ; but at length, to prevent con'cnfion ab. the di- vision of his ransom between liis captors and the newly-arrived troops of Almagro, he was, after a mock trial, strangled at the stake. Atchison, David R., U. S. senator from Mo., 1841-5.=., b. Frogtowu, Favette Co., Ky., , Aug. 11, 1SII7, Ih -. iM.-l III Liberty Co., Mo., in April, 18 ;ii , \vasa memhcrof theMo. Icgi-; I ! I -IS; and, in Feb. 1841, was ap[i. jn Ij- m :!i. I'hme Co. Circuit Court ; pres. pm icm. U. S. senate, 1846-9 and 18.')2-4. Prominent in the legisl. upon the or- ganization of the Territories of Kansas and Ne- braska, and claims to have originated the clause in the bill repealing the Missouri Compromise. He was a proslavery leader in the Kansas troubles in 1856-7. 'Resides in Clinton Co., Mo. Atherton, Charles Gordos, senator, son of Charles H., b. Amherst, N.H., 4 July, 1804 ; d. Manchester, N.H., 15 Nov. 18.53. H. U. 1822. Adm. to the bar in 1825, he opened an office in Nashua, and afterward in Dunstable ; was many years a Democ. member of the N. H. legisl., and three years speaker of the House. M. C. 1837-43; U. S. senator 1843-9, and again in 1853, and chairman of the finance committee. 11 Dec. 1838, he introduced re- solves declaring that " Congress has no juris- diction over tlin institution of slavery in the several Slatr^ of ihr .-oiiri'ihaary, and' that all be laid on tli- niMr iviihimi drh.i'ic." ' Thc^J rules wiav in luixx- until 1S4.J. Atherton, Cuahles Hdjiphrey, lawyer, b. Audierst, N.H., Aug. 14, 1773; d. there Jan. 8, 18.53. H U. 1794. Son of Hon Josh- ua. He descended from James, one of the founders of Lancaster, Ms. ; began to practise law in Amherst in 1797; soon established a reputation for solid attainments and exact hab- its of investigation ; and was register of pro- bate from 1798 to 1837. M. C. 181.5-17, and an ardent member of the Federal partv. Mem- ber of the State legisl. in 1823 and 1838-9. lb' ninlc' valnalili' contributions to the coUec- Athcrton, lliMriiKiv, maj.-gen., a dis- ini^ni^li-.l .M,. >n|,lirr; .I.Boston, Sept. 17, Eng.' ah. 1G36, at whi.'h ti.n.' \u- -i-n.'.l ilie covenant ofthocbnr.bat li'n.li'^i r A.lni. a freeman in 1638; dr|.. to ih.' i,.ii.a;il Conit from Dorchester for that vrar, an. I in liJ.i'J, 41, and 53, from SprinL;li.l.i when he was chosen speaker. Capt. ol ibc Art. ('... 1650. In 1654, and from 1664 to bis il. he was assist., and in 1656, mnj.-gen. He was much employed in negotiations with the Indians. The manner of his death is commented on by Hubbard as one of the judgments of God. Atherton, Joshua, lawver and loyalist, h. Harvard, Ms . June 20, I7'37; d Amherst, N.H., Apr. 3, 1809. H. U. 1762. Son of Col. P.-t,a- of Lancaster. He studied law, be- lli. I ir , 1 > nil the insults and indignities b I. v., I ,,., u.h.he refused to Hy. Having ti.l,-i ili__,.iuli ..I allegiance to the U. S., he rior Court. (iiihl" i i -.^ his lost popularity, he beiMin . i n i . ,,| the Con- vention to adopt th.; I'.li I i: I I, II .i!i.>n, and led the opposition. He ohj.. i '< i- li. pn. vis- ions concerning slaves an.l . ^ n .■- qnently he was elected to th. ', it.i of N. H,and in 1793 was n.;. .■ mi ■. ^. ii. of the State. His last office was that of com- missioner for U. S. direct tax. He was re- m;irkable for courtesy, urbanity, and other social qualities. — Saln'iie. Atkinson, HENltv.gen. ; d. June 14, 1842, at Jefferson Barracks, Mo , a. 60. He was app. from N. C. ca|)t. 3d Inf. July 1, 1808 ; inspec- tor-gen. Apr. 25, 1813; col. 45th Inf A|)r. 15, 1814; brig.-gen. May 13, 1820; adjutant-gen. June I, 1821, and com. the Western army at the defeat of the Sac Indians under Black Hawk, near Bad Axe River, Aug. 2, 1832. His bro. Gen. Richard served in N.C. legisl.; was col. of a N.C. regt. in the Creek war (1813-14); d. Person Co., N.C, Dec. 3, 1821. 41 Atkinson, Theodore, jml-e, b. Newcas- tle, N.U., Dec. 20, 1697 ; d. Sept. 22, 1779. H. U. 1718. Son of Col. TlieoJoi-c. Sec. of the Colony in 1741, chid -justice in 1754, and nuij -sen. of militia in 1769. The Revol. ilc- in-i'vcd him of all these offices. A dcle^'ate to the Congress at Albany in 1754, he was one of the committee which drew up the plan of union for the defence of the CniMiiic-; \lnnv years in the le^isl. and coini- il '■■■• ' . i. ' i the offices of clerk of the < '. I' l militia, and in active sir\M> i _ li. French and Indi.in wars; comcioi ui I'.j,;,- niouth, and shcrift'. At his death, he left X200 to the Epis. Church of Portsmouth, the inter- est to be spent in bread for the poor. Atkinson, Theodore, Jun., his son, b. Portsmouth, Apr. 29, 17.37; d. Oct. 28, 1769. H. U. 1757. Was a nieml>er of the council, and sec. of the Colony, 1760-9. Atkinson, William King, lawyer, h. Portsmouth, N.H., Jan. 6, 1764 ; d. Sept. 29, 1820. H. U. 178-3. He changed his name, which was Kinir, from respect to h's relative, Judge A. Commencing the practice of law at Dover, N.H., he acquired high repute, was many years register of probate, was attorney- gen., and afterward a justice of the Supreme Court. Atlee, Samuel John, col. Revol. army, 1). 17.iS; d. Phila., Nov. 1786 He com. a P.-niiNvlvania coiiipanv in the Fieneli war. 1778-82, and one of the committee on the mutiny of Pa. troops in 17 ■81. Atlee," Washin-uton L., M,D., lecturer '■■1. i'a.. 1' Il -J. rm^ii:-,:,.^!:,;:::;:;,; .:,:: Atondo y Antillon, i - 1 i....,.i ,, - , .|i admiral ooncenird ill. IhT,,.,:, ,■ ...| ..1 1, : ■.-!■ California; d. in tlu- l.it.. r , ,: ., Ill' 17:li century. He sailed liom (' i:u:ila, .\rav 18, 1683, with two vcssil- e.|in| .p,..l at his" own cost. Landing Oct. 6 in a -i ,'a. I.,,v >ituated in latitude L'6°':iii', vilu. 1, \,r v allr.l M. Bruno, he iiiiij a r 'il, ,i:.; ■, .:, 1 -i.m of the t''n ■■..!,..' 1 . •■ I • I'll' 1 i.y the crown .1 lUo„..fthei^- In 1 ' .,':i !' ' ' |i'.< I :mii |. 1. ri' liaptized. ill^. . :i :; : -nil, Aton- Bruno, lie declined to remain there, and, after spending three years, returned. Atondo was charged with a new expedition in 1686 ; hut none took place until 8 years after, when Francisco de Hamarra und"ertook it, and the colonization was afterward completed by the fathers Kino and Salva Tierra, who accompa- nied Atondo. — Nouv. Bioy. Gen. Attacks, CRispus,.a mulatto, or half-In- dian, a resident of Frainingham, Ms. Killed Mar. 5, 1770, in the atfray known as the Bos- ton Massacre, in which he Wiis a ringleader. Several affiays had recently taken place be- tween the people and the soldiery, who were mutually e.xa-perated. Leading his party to King .Street to attack the main guard, Attucks seized the bayonet of a soldier, knocked him down, and, i"n the fatal discharge which fol- lowed, was the first to fall. The funeral of oration in Boston, and was effectively used to stimulate the Revol. sentiments of the people. Atwater, Caleb, author, h. N. Adams, Ms., Dec. 25, 1778 ; d. Cireleville, O., Mar. 13, 1867. Williams Coll. 1804. He practised law ; removed to O. in 1811; was some years member of the legisl., and postmaster of Cir- eleville; and was an Indian commissioner un- der Jackson. Author of a "Tour to Prairie du Chien in 1829," 12mo, Columbus, 1,S31 ; " Western Antiquities," 1833 ; " Writings of Caleb Atwater," 8vo, 1833; "History of Ohio," 8vo, 1838 ; and " Essay on Education," 1841. Atwater, Jeremiah, D.D. (Dick. Coll. 1810), first pres. of .Miildleburv Coll., Vt., 1800-9 ; pres. of Dick. Coll. Pa.; 1809-13 ; b. N. Haven, Ct., 1774; d. there 29 July, 1858. Yale Coll. 1793. Tutor there, 1795-9. Aubert Dubayet (o-b,iir du-bar-ya), Jean Bapt. Annibale, a French soldier, b. La., Aug. 29, 1759; d. Constantinople, Dec. 17, 1797^ In 1780, he was a lieut. in the regt. Bourbonnais in the army of Rochamlieau, serv- ing in America; and at the outset of the French Revol. was a capt. of cavalry in gar- I :• i. i ' - l.iia^rtlr, l;ii^ .J a,, in 1793, he ; ■ : .1 : a " aiMi.M 11- Mniviiderlcdthe jam 1 Mill, I tha Vaa.laaii-, who defeated liim at Cli'-son. In 1796, he com. the army of the coast of Cherbourg, but was called to the ministry of war by the Directory, and 3 months later was sent ambassador to Constantinople, where lie died. Auberteuil, Hillakd d', see Hilliard d'A. Aubry, capt., Knight of St. Louis; d. Feb. 24,1770. Made prisoner by Sir Wm. Johnson at Niagara, in 1759, and was in com. of 4 companies at N. Orleans, where he suc- ceeded to the government of La., Feb. 4, 1765. In Mar. 1766, he surrendered the colony to Gov. UUoa, upon whose e.xpulsion in 1768, he continued to administer the government until relieved by Gen. O'Reilly, in July, 1769. He then sailed for Bordeau.x, and was wrecked in the Garrone, nearly all on board perishing. — O'CaJ/aylmiK Aubrey, Col. Thomas, a British officer ; d. Jan. 15, 1814. Son of Sir Thomas. En- sign 9th Foot, Oct. 26, 1762 ; capt. 47th, 1771, and cnsragcd at Bunker Hill, 1775; maj. 1782. He served through the Amer. war, particular- ly distinguishing himself in command of the troops upon Diamond Island, where he acquit- ted himself so as to receive the thanks of the ^TJC AJUGr conimiinJer in chief. M. P. for WuUingfoni. 1784-90. Auchmuty, Robert, an eminent lawyer, li. Boston, Apr. IT.W. His father, the deseend- was in the battles of Brooklyn and White Plains; and, after serving' in three eampiii^nis against his countrymen, procured a captaincy in the 75th, with which he served in India from WS.S to 17y6, and was at the first sicLre of Sc- Court..! Am u, ,;;. , .r.i.l lu 174' i u ,i, ...il- uf the diruciui^ .,1 tli^ L.i.iJ U.iiik. 1m 1741, he was sent to Eiig. as agent for the Colony in the houndarv dispute with R. I. While there, he advocated the e.\ped. to Cape Breton in a pam- phlet, en titled "Thelmportance of Cape Breton to thi- British Nation, and a Plan for taking the Placi;." His talents were extraordinary ; and he was famous for his wit and shrewdness. To him, it is said, the profession in Ms. is indebted for the high character it has since maintained. He was a resident of Roxbury from 1733 till his death. He left two sons, Samuel and Rob- ert; a dau., who became the wife of Chief-Jus- tice Benjamin Pratt of NY. ; and also a third son James, a talented lawyer, and a judge in Nova Scotia. Auchmuty, Robert, lawyer, son of the preceding, b. Boston ; d. Marylebone, Eng., Dec. 1788. His great natural talents and in- dustry enabled hi.Ti to dispense with a collegiate education. He was an eloquent and successful advocate, and, with Adams and Quiucy, de- fended Capt. Preston and the British so'ldiers engaged in the Boston Massacre. He was judge of admiralty from 1767 till 1776, when, being a zealous royalist, he went to Eng. His letters to persons in Eng. were sent to Amer., with those of Gov. Hutchinson, by Franklin, in 177;i, and created great excitement. Auchmuty, Samuel, 0.D., bro. of the prccc-dinL;. an Episcopal clergyman, b. Boston, Jan. 16,1722; d. N.Y., Mar. 6, 1777. H. U. 1742. He studied in Eng.; wasord.,andapp. an assist, minister of Trinity Church, N.Y., and in 1764, upon the death of the rector, was assigned the charge of all the churches in that city. Op- posed, like most of his Episcopal brethren, to the Revol., he continued to read prayers in his church for the king, until Lord Stirling, while in command in N. Y., compelled him to close his church. When the British obtained possession of the city, he resolved to return, but, not being allowed to pass the Amer. lims, re- turned on foot by a circuitous route, after un- dergoing great hardships. His church and piirsonage had been burnt to the ground, and his papers and the church-records all destroyed. The Sunday following, he preached in St. Paul's for the last time; an illness, brought on by his exposure and hardships, terminating his life in a few davs. He received his degree of D.D. from Oxford, and from Kings Coll. in 1767. Trumbull calls him a " high-church clert;yniaii." and makes him the subject of re- mark in " iMcFingal." Auchmuty, Sir Samuel, a British gen., son of Uev. Samuel, b. NY., June 22, 1758 ; d. Dublin, Aug. 11, 1822. Kings Coll. 1775. He volunteered in the 45th Foot in Aug. 1776; In 1810, he com. the luiv,-, in {],.- i '.[hkiih' ; in 1811, reduced the valnaldc sfttifiuunts ut Java and Batavia, was again thanked by parlia- ment, and, returning to Eng. in 1813, was made a lieut.-gen., and in 1822 commander in chief in Ireland. Audubon, John James, ornithologist, b. N. Orleans, Mav 4, 1780 ; d. Minniesland, near N. Y., Jan. 27,'l851. His father had been an admiral in the French navv. From his earli- est of Nal ! he atta • the tni drawings of iln' " KmU 'il Anni km " I li, la- ther gave liini a I. mil in I'.i., ami lie iiiairird. "For a period ut nearly 20 years," lie Miys in the preface to his great work, " ray life was a series of vicissitudes, I tried various branches of commerce; but they all proved unprofitable." As early as 1810, he sailed down the Ohio with his wife" and child in an open boat, in search of a congenial spot for his forest home. Devoting all his energies to his favorite pursuit, hardly a region in the U. S. was left unvisited. Wilson the ornithologist was his companion in some of his Western excursions. In 1811, Audubon visited Florida, gathering by his rifle and pen- cil the subjects of his great work. With a view- to its publication, he went to Phila. and N.Y. in 1.S24, and in 1826 to Europe, to obtain sub- scribers. From Herschel, Cuvier, and Hum- boldt, whom he had known in Amer., he had a warm reception. " The Birds of America " appeared in numbers, beginning in 1825, and was completed in 4 vols., June 20. 1838, ex- ceeding by its merits all expectation. In 1829, he returned to the U.S. ; and, renewing his explorations, found materials for a new work, called " Ornithological Biographies." He vis- ited Eng. in 1834, and, returning; in 1839, estab- lished himself on the banks of the Hudson. There, with the aid of Dr. Bachman, he pre- pared "The Quadrupeds of America," pub. in 1850. He was a man of simple manners, but of marked characteristics of genius and energy. He was assisted in some of his labors by his two sons, the younger of whom, John W., d. Feb. 21, 1862, while preparing a new edition of the " Birds of America," afterward completed and pub. by his widow in 1869. Augur, Christopher Colon, brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. N. Y. ab. 1821. West Point, 1843. App. from Mich., he entered the 2d Inf. ; was aide-de-camp during the Mexican war to Brig.- Gen. Hopping, and, after his death, to Gen. Ca- leb Cashing; capt. Aug. 1, 1852; and was in 1855-6 (listing, in several conflicts with the Indians of Oregon. Maj. 13th Inf. May 14, 43 1861, he was a short time com. of cadets at West Point, and Nov. 12 became brig.-gen. of vols. He was first assigned a command in Mc- Dowell's corps ; in July, 1862, took a division in the army corps of Gen. Banks, and was wounded at tlie battle of Cedar Mountain, Aug. 9, 1862. In Oct., he was a member of the court of inquiry to investigate the surrender of Har- per's Ferry, and in Nov. was ordered to report to Gen. Banks for service in his Southern exped. He was made maj.-gen.9 Aug. 1862; col. 12th Inf. Mar. 15, 1866;'Mar.4, 1869, brig.-gen. U. S. A. He won the brevets of brig.-gen. U. S. A. at the capture of Port Hudson, and raaj.- pen. for services in the field during the Rebellion. He com. the dept. of Washington from Oct. 1S63 to Aug. 1866. Assigned to the dept. of the Platte in 1867. Augur, Hezekiah, sculptor, b. Feb. 21, 1791, N. Haven, Ct.; d. there Jan. 10, 1858. Not succeeding in trade, he turned bis attention to art, and in 1827 chiselled a Washington and a Sappho. He produced several works, the best of wbich is his " Jephthah and his Daughter," in the Trumbull Gallery of Yale Coll. Pos- sessing also much mechanical genius, his inven- tion of the carving machine is now in general and successful use. A. M. of Y. C. 1833. Augustus, JoHS, a philanthropic shoe- maker of Boston ; d. there June 21, 1859, a. 74. For more than 20 years he attended the crimi- nal courts for the purpose of endeavoring to re- claim the poor and unfortunate, to whom his purse and his house were alwavs open. Auliek, John- H., commo.'U. S. N., b. Va. Midshipman, Nov. 15, 1809 ; master's mate in the action between " The Enterprise " and "Boxer," Sept. 4, 1813; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814; com. Mar..3, 1831 ; capt. Sept. 8, 1841 ; commo. n-tired list, July 16, 1862. He com. sloop " Vincennes," 1837 ; East India squad. 1852-3. Aury, Luis de, was from New Grenada; became a lieut. in the navy, 9 June, 1813 ; and com. the naval forces of New Grenada at the siege of Carthagena. Sept. 1, 1816, he ac- companied Herrera to Texas as commo. of the united fleets of the Republics of Mexico, Vene- zuela, La Plata, and New Grenada ; was app. gov. of Texas and Galveston Island, and held the office until 1817. In July, 1817, he aided Sir Gregor McGregor in the exped. against Florida ; and afterwards assisted the patriots of the Soutli Amer. republics. He m. a lady of N. Orleans, resided there some time, and was in 1845 at Havana Yonhwi's Texas. Austin, David, b. N. Haven, 1760. Y.ile Coll. 1779. Minister of Elizabethtown, N.J., from 1788 to 1797, when dismissed for his second-advent opinions, and of Bozrah, Ct., from 1815 to his death, Norwich, Feb. 5, 1831. He pub. the "American Preacher," by various ministers, 4 vols., "The Downfall of Babylon," and some sermons, and edited a commentary on the Bible. Austin, Benjamin, political writer, b. Boston, 1752 ; d. there May 4, 1820. Son of Benjamin, who d. Boston, Mar. 14, 1806, a 89. His mother was a Waldo. He was a merchant and a political writer before the Revol. In 1784, he engaged in business with his bro. J. L. Austin. He engaged zealously on the Democ. or Republican side of the violent po- litical controversy, which terminated in the triumph of Jefferson, and was app. by him commissioner of loans for Ms. He "was a member of the house and senate of Ms , and was long known as a writer in the Indpeiulenl Chronicle, under the signatures of Honestus and Old South. His essays under the latter title were pub. in 8vo, in 1803. His son Charles attempted, in 1806, to chastise Thos. O. Selfridge for abuse of his father, and was killed by him in State Street, Boston. Selfridge was tried and acquitted. Austin, James Trecothic, LL.D., law- yer and author, b. Boston, Jan. 7, 1784; d. there May 8, 1870. H. U. 1802. Son of Jonathan L. Austin. He was town advocate in 1809, member of the State legisl., county attornev for Suffolk, 1812-32, and attorney-gen. of Ms. in 18.32-43. He delivered an oration at Lexington, July 4, 1815; edited the Emer- ald, a literary periodical; was a contributor to the Christian Examiner and to various polit- ical journals ; pub. several orations and other similar productions, and in 1828 a "Life of Elbridge Gerry," whose dan. he m. in 1806. He was an anti-Federalist, and a decided op- ponent of the antislavery movement. Austin, Jonathan Loring, a merchant, b. Boston, Jan. 2, 1748; d. there May 10, 1826. H.U. 1766. SonofHon.Benj. Austin. He became a merchant in Portsmouth, N.H. ; was raaj. in Langdon's regt. ; became aide-de- camp to Gen. Sullivan, and was sec. of the board of war in Ms. until Oct. 1777. De- spatched to France with the news of Burgoyne's surrender, and to obtain supplies of clothing, &c., for the army, the good Dr. Chauncy prayed, that, " whatevermight befall the young man, the packet might be preserved." Arriving in Nov., Dr. Franklin transferred to the messenger of such glorious tiding tlie affection of a father ; constituted him additional private sec, and sent him as an agent to London. Charged with the despatches of the commissioners to Congress, he arrived in Pliila., May, 1779. Sent to Europe by the State of Ms., in Jan. 1780, to negotiate a loan, he was captured on the passage ; was liberated in En^ by means of his old friends, but did not succeed in his mission, and returned in the fall of 1781. He served many years in the State senate ; represented eambridge in the legisl., and was successively elected sec. and treas. of the State. He delivered the oration, July 4, 1786, in Boston. — Lorint/'s Bost. Oratoi-s. Austin, Col. Jon.^than Williams, son of Benj., a Kevol. patriot, b. Boston, Apr. 18, 1751 ; d. in a Southern State in the summer of 1778. H.U. 1769. He read law with John Adams ; was adm. to the Suffolk bar, July 27, 1772 ; was a member of the Middlesex con- vention in 1774, and chairman of the com- mittee that prepared resolutions adopted by the convention. Maj. in the army of the Revol., and in 1776 com. at Castle 'William. He wrote poetical and political ess.ays, and de- livered the oration on the Boston Massacre, March 5, 1778. — Loring' s Boston Orators. Austin, Rev. John Mather, b. N.Y., 1803. Author of " Voice to Youth," " Voice to the ^Lin-ie.l," " Sundav-School Exposition," "Life of John Quincy Adams," &c.—Alli- Austin, Moses, Texan pioneer, b Dur- ham, Ct. ; 'i. Louisiana. June 10, 1821. Emi- grating \\\-t Willi his familv in 1798, he ensa-c.l in I ;i i iiiiiiiii- from '1800 to 18iO, when hi' » a. Ill I'nxar, I'ex. He applied to the Mexiean <■ iianlaiit at Monterey for permis- sion to colonize 300 families in Tex. ; and the enterprise was successfnlly prosecuted by his son Stephen F. On his return to the Sabine in Jan. 1821. he was robbed, and caught a severe coM, wliich caused his death. Austin, Samlll, D.D. (Williams Coll. 1807), 1MV>. of the U. of Vt. (1815-21), b. New Haveu, Ci., Oct. 7. 1760; d. Glastcnbury, Ct., Dec. 4, IS.TO. Y.C. 1783. He spent two years in teaching, and in the study of divinity ; was ord. at Fairhaveu, Nov. 9, 1786, but was dismissed Jan. 19, 1790; and was many years pastor of the First Cong. Church at Worcester. Here he became celebrated for his eloquence and learning, and acquired great popularity. OCra.-lulicJ In, iviura lu \V,jKa-,ka HI lb2.j. For the last three years of Ins life, he was partiallv deranged. He pub. " A View of the Church," 1807; "Letters on Baptism," 1805; "Reply to Merill's Letters," 1806 ; " Disserta- tions on Several Fundamental Articles of Christian Theology," 1806; a number of sermons, orations, and addresses, also numer- ous contributions to the periodicals of his time. Austin, Stephen F., founder of the first colonv ill IVx., Min of Moses ;d. Dec. 27, 18.3(;.' 1. u ii: N:,h!iilorli,'S, ,liily ,-, 1R21, tO prnscriii ■■, .: , ,11 1 I'll- tlir r.M Mialiiiii of a London printed colo he Bv with almost absolute power over the colonists of Austin, then the capital of Tex., the site of which he selected. A convention met Mar. 1, lSi.3, without the concurrence of the Mex- ican [lopiilation, to form a State constitution ; and Austin was one of the delegates to the central government at Mexico, to obtain its ratification. In consequence of the delays he met with, he recommended a union of all the municipalities, and the organization of a State under the ^Icdi Constitiitiva of May 7, 1821.. Arrested, and taken back to Mexico, he was detained until Sept. 1835. Finding the country in a state of confusion and insecurity upon iiis return, he took part with the revol. party ; was put in command of a small force, and undertook to drive the Mexicans out of Tex. Gen. Hoilston was elected to the command of the army in Xov. 1835 ; and Austin was made Tex. n .1 I I , • the time of his death. i- ■ _ I ;■! _ ii.itions to obtain the olliri il r r..j'i 11.111 I .iT. -..an independence. A biograjihy of him l,y M. B. Lamar was said to have been prepared. Austin, William, lawyer and author, b. invn, JIs.. Mm: 2, 177.S; d. there , \ Ml, _,,.;!, served in all the campaigns of the .iiiiii oi Luiide', and returned to France during the consulate. Avalos y Figuera (il-va'-los e fe-ga'-ra), DON Diego de, author of " Miscellanea Aus- tral," Lima, 1602 ; was of a noble family of Ecija, and left Spain on account of a hopeless passion. The last 15 chapters of his book, which is in prose and verse, treat of the history and antiquities of Peru. Avaugour (dar'vo-L'Oo/), Piekhe dc Bois, Baron d', gov. of l\inada, 1061-3; killed in 1 664, while defending the fort of Serin in Croatia against the Turks. He had gained distinction in the wars of Hungary, and, being of resolute and unbending character, v/as, while gov. of New France, constantly engaged in disputes with the clerL'V.especiiUlv with Bish- op Laval, who caused his recall. In 1662, he made a treaty with the Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca nations. — Morgan. Averill, William W., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y., 18.30. West Point, 1855. Entering the mounted rifles, he disting. himself in N. Mexico by the surprise and capture of a party of Kiowas in Dee. 1857, and was severely wounded in a night-attack by the Navajoes in the antumn of 1858. 1st lieut. 14 May, 1861 ; col. sa Pa. Cav. ; eapi. .'iil U.S. C-.w. 17 Julv, IS.;- hi,.:,.,, 11. xmI. ^1, s,.|. |.i,Lh Metoiik pail ,, :h r . . .\ ,.:■ •, Malvern Uhl I I ." h.- .■.,:', I \n-. 1862; n-rir..,.', ,i rh',.|.:,ii:,.l, la l:,.' laii .,„;■ of the armv after .Antietam ; was brev. niaj. for Kel- ley's Ford, Va., where he com. 17 Mar. 1863 ; com. the 2d div. of Stoneman's caval. corps of Hooker's army ; won a decisive victory over a force of 4,000 rebels at Droop Mountain, 6 Nov. 1863, for which he was brev. licut.-col.; and brev. col. 15 Dec. 1863, for services in the Salem exped. in Va. He served in West Va. under Siegel, Hunter, and Sheridan in 1864, and was in the actions of Winchester, Moor- field, Opequan, and Fisher's Hill, and was brev. maj.-gen. for Mooi-ficUl, 13 Mar. 1865. U.S. Avezzana(a-vet-za'-na),.Ji)SEPii, consul-gen. in Canada since 1866. patriot, and merchant in N Y.Citv, li. Avery, Epuralm K., Meth. clersvman, Fie.lniont, Fel). 19, 1797. He 'fou- b. Ct. al5. 1799; d. Pitt-firld, O., Oct. 2:1, 1869. Napoleon in 181.'5 and 14; !-rived in He was noted (or ,■',„:. mi ■■ au.] idillitv, ami diiiiaii ai tnv uiiiil M,n 1-21 ; n-xt ; Avery, \\' Groton, I'l , .Mi Mar. 1.5, isji. ministry, and removed to in industrion.s and highly- Feb. 15, 1851. He^vased^^:,: ; . 1 n ■ ::. acad. in France .while his tan,;,, v. ,. ..:„i_,a |„. ,1,,-. i„o.,vn...t -.n of the black,, ^ola;s,;.>.la-e j ,', . 1 . . r s ■> -riving medicine in N.C., lie l)r;r" .j '■! \ iliac Co., Va. ; but, after the ; . i: 1 c, by advice of his relative, lvlu:u,ll>,MM- M.ii, he studied law, and becanM; iliy in criminal cases. In the Wa'r"rTr'l'^'l'->?l'i'! _• served as judge-advocate, and aide to ,Ja.k : I, ,: 1 ,11 of which was pub. in the /!■ .;. ■1 1S40. Avezae, \-. i:l: \ : LNTIN- DOMINIQUE Julian i.', :i 1 111,, li ,' r\ l> S'. Dciniii'j,', Jan. 17, i;..- 1 I',- 1 , 1 ' ,1 i;;'i- Gated in F,,, 1, •,,,• ,,,■■. , r , •,, :, Revol., 1,.T ■l■ • ,,■ : !,,. 1 ,,,, ■ ■' 1 li',. .Mr of was intrusted with the defence of the city ; gained a complete victory over Gen. Mora at Ciudad Victoria, and on the triumph ot the Liberals, resigned his command, having been previously named gen. of Tamaulipas, Coha- hiiil.i, Trxas and Nuevo Leon. In 18.34, he N.Y., where elfin bus lish ladv outbreak of app. comma! of Genoa, resigneil, an igat Li eliia. he hastened to Rome, then under a re- publican ^(ivernmcnt, and was app. ministerof war and com. -in-chief of the army. For two months, this small force kept at bay 4 armies, amounting to 100,000 men; but on the night of July 2, he fled in ilisguise, and at the close of Aug. reached N.Y., where he has since resided. —^;>/)/etoK's New Amer. Cijclop. Axtell, Col. William, lovalist, b. on the Island of Jamaica, 1720; d. Sept 2, 1795, at Chertsey, Eng. He resided manv years in N.Y., where he m. Margaret, dau. of Abraham l)e Peyster, and was a])p. a member of the council, May 4, 1771. During the Kevol., by which ho lost a large estate, he was col. of a provincial corps, became entitled to balf-pay, and received from parliament a ccjiisiderablc sum of money as a loyalist. He was descended from thecelebrated Col. Daniel Axtell, who was executed by Charles II. for the part he took in the great rebellion. He went to Eng. in 1783. Ayer, Peteb, one of the founders of the society of Shakers at Canterbury, N.H., b. 1760; d. there Sept 14, 1857. He was a powerful and athletic man, and a soldier of the Uevol. before becoming a member of the sect with which he was connected 70 years. Ayeta (ii-yii'-tii) Francisco mC, a Fran- ciscan friar, author of ^'A/iolof/m thl 0. d< n r/e S. Francisco en la America," 'l690, als.j '• Vcr- dail Vimlicada," ov "La Verdad Drfndida;" the three titles, perh.aps, of the same work. He was custodian of the province of Santo I'viiii^. llo, ;iih| |irocurador-gen. of the Indies. AvHc , Lucas Vasquez de, ho in 1509 was eounci ii,il,,l Si P,„„;,i^,,,;n, author of the F,rneli oliiii.il traiislatii>ii of the land-d penal code of La. His niece, the young widow S.C., i de Lasay, m. Edward Livingston, author of ber of that code and na wara returned, wishing to found a colony, and obtained provisions of the gov. of Chicora, but was ruined by the expense. He is believed to have perished in a second exped. to Florida. Aylmer (al'-mer) Matthew Whit- worth, fifth lord, a British gen., b. 1775 ; d. Lond., Feb. 23, 1850. He succeeded lo the peerage on the death of his father Henry, Oct. 22, 1785, entered the army as ensign 49ih Foot in 1787, served at the siege of Copenhagen, in Portugal in 1809, in the peninsular campaigns, and became a full gen. May 27, 1825. He was gov.-gen. of Canada from 1 828 to Sept. 1833, and was held in high estimation by the Canadians. — Morgan. Ayolas, de or d'Atolas Juan, a Span- ish adventurer who sailed with Pedro de Men- doza in 1534, on a voyage of conquest and discovery to the La Plata. Mendoza, having been disabled by disease in 1536, gave the com- mand to Ayolas, who ascended the Paraguay to Asuncion, where he defeated the natives, and remained six months. Leaving a garrison there, he ascended the river about 80 leagues, and then marched westward with 200 Span- iards. He never returned. An Indian re- ported that Ayolas and his men were decoyed into a morass, and killed by the Payngos. Ayres, Romeyn B., brev. raaj.-gen. U. S.A., b. N.Y. West Point, 1847. He served in the 3d Art. in the Mexican war, 1847-8; became capt. 5th Art. May 14, 1861; brig.-gen. vols. Nov. 29, 1862; was engaged at Bull Run; chief of Art. of Gen. W. F. Smith's div. Oct. 1861 to Nov. 1862, and of the 6th Corps from Nov. 1862 to Apr. 1863; was in the peninsular campaign ; was engaged at South Mountain, Antietam, and Fredericks- burg; com. a brig.ide in 5th Corps at Chan- cellorsville ; com. div., and brev. maj. for Get- tysburg, July 2, 1863; served through the Richmond campaign of 1864-5, earning brevs. of lieut.-col. for battle of Wilderness, Mav 5, 1864; col. Aug. 18, 1854, for battle on Wel- don Railroad ; brig.-gen. and maj.-gen. Mar. 13, 1865, for battle of Five Forks, and for gal- lant and meritorious servicesduring the Rebel- lion; lieut-col. 28th Inf. July 28, 1866.— Azara (de-ath-a'ril) Felix de, Spanish naturalist, b. May 18, 1746; d. Aragon, 1811. He was educated in part at the military acad. .It Barcelona; was wounded in the exped. against Algiers in 1775 ; became a lieut.-col. of engineers, and was app. a commissioner to determine the boundaries of the Spanish and Portuguese territories in S. Amer Reaching his destination in 1781, he devoted much time to constructing correct maps of the country, and in preparing his "Natural History of the Quadrupeds of Paraguay," pub. .soon after his recall in 1801. This wo'rk was pub. in French by Moreau St. Mery, in 2 vols. 8vo. While in Paris in 1803, he made the acquaintance of M. Walkenacr, who pub. Azara's travels in S. Amer. from 1781 to 1801, with notes by the celebrated Cuvier, 4 vols, 8vo, 1809. AzevedO Coutinho (a-za-va'-do ko-ten'- yo), Jose Joaquim da Cdnha, a Portuguese bishop and author, b. Brazil, Sept. 8, 1742 ; d. Sept. 12, 1821. He pub. in 1792 " Eiisais de Porttujal e suas cotonias." In 1794, he was made bishop of Pernambuco. He pub. in London, 1798, a pamphlet against the abolition of the slave- trade by Great Britain. Shortly before his death, he was chosen to the Cortes as a repre- sentative of Rio de Janeiro. Chosen bishop of Elvas, he declined, and was app. inquisitor- gen. Author of a memoir on the conquest of Rio de Janeiro by Duguai Trouin in 1711. Azevedo y Zimiga(a-tha-va'do e thoon- yee'-ga) Gaspakd de, Count of xVIonterey, a Spaniard, who in 1603 suoeeded Luis de'Ve- lasco as viceroy of Pern and Mexico ; d. Mar. 16, 1606. He equipped a fleet to search for the great southern continent, which, under the command of Pedro Fernandez de Quirre, dis- covered several islands ab. lat. 28° S. Babbitt, Isaac, inventor of the "Babbitt Metal" used in all railroad-car axle-boxes, b. Taunton, Ms., 26 July, 1799; d. McLean Asylum, Somerville, Ms.j 26 May, 1862. He learned the trade of a goldsmith, and ab. 1831 made at Taunton the first britannia-ware man- ufactured in this country. Removing to Bos- ton in 1834, he was employed in Alger's foundry, and ab. 1839 invented' the anti-friction metal which bears his name. He received in 1841 a gold medal from the Ms. Char. Mech. Asso., and from Congress 820,000, for this valuable invention, for which he took out pat- ents in Eng. in 1844, and in Russia in 1847. He was for many years engaged in the manu- facture of this metal, and subsequently carried on the manufacture of soap. He became de- ' ranged a few years before his death. Babcock, Maj. Elisha, pub. the Amer- ican Mercury 31 years ; d. Hartford, Ct., Feb. 1821, a. 68. Babeock, Col. Henry, b. R.L, 1736 ; d. 1800. Y. C. 1752. Son of Chief-Justice Bab- cock of R. I. ; bro. of Rev. Luke (b. 1738; d. 18 Feb. 1777. Y. C. 1755). At 18, he was a capt.; at 19, he was in the force under Col. Williams, which was defeated at Lake George; maj. in 1756, lieut.-col. in 1757, and col. in 1758, of a R.L regt., with which he took part in the attack on Ticonderoga, and was wound- ed in the knee. He was afterwards at its cap- ture by Amherst. M. and settled at Stoning- ton, Ct. Made, in Feb. 1776, com. of the forces at Newport, but was removed in May on account of insanity. Babcock, Rnrus, D.D., clergvman and j author, b. N. Colebrook, Ct., Sept! 18, 1798^ >vJ - -y « /fV B.U. 1821. He was 2 years tutor in Col. Coll.^ rr. ^-f T^ / D.C. ; was ord. pastor of the Baptist Church Poughkeepsie, 1823; became pastor 1st Baptist Church, Salem, 1826; was pres. of Waterville Coll., Me., in 1833-6; and for 3| years was pastor of the Spruce-st. Church, Phila. ; he then returned to his former charge in Poughkeepsie, and is now settled in Patterson, N.jr He was twice sec. of the Amer. and Foreign Bildo Soci- ety, and has been sec. of the S.S. LTnion and the Pa. Colonization Society. He founded and for 5 years edited the Baptist Memorial; pub. "Claims of Education Societies," 1829; "Re- view of Beikwith's Dissuasive from Contro- versy on Baptism," 1829; " Making Light of Christ," 1830; "Memoirs" of Fuller, 1830, 47 HAC George Learned, 1S32, Abraham Booth, an Isaac Backus ; " History of Waterville Coll., 18.3G; ' "" ■ "" • " ■ " I'ers Peek, 1). 1).," 1858; and "The Emigrant's Mother," 1859. Bache (batch), Alexander Dallas, LL. D., A.A.S., physicist, b. Phila., July 19, 1806; d. Newport, K.I., Feb. 17, 1867. West Point, 1825. He was a great-grandson of Dr. Frank- lin ; and his mother was the dau. of A. J. Dal- las. He was a lieut. of engineers until his resignation in 1829, engaged in constructing Fort Adams and other works at the entrance of Narragansett Bay. From 1827 to 1832, he was prof, of mathematics in the U. of Pa , and then took charge of the organization of Girard Coll., spending some time in 1836 inspecting the great schools of Europe, publishing, upon his return, a valuable report on the subject. In 1839, he resigned his connection with this coll., and became in 1841 principal of the Phila. High School. In 1843, he was app. su- perintendent of the U. S. coast-survey. Its valuable contributions to geodetic and physical science are found in the annual reports of the survey, and in the proceedings of the Asso. for the Advancement of Science. He was one of the founders of the Amer. Asso. for the Pro- motion of Science, took a prominent part in founding the Amer. Acad, of Science, was made prcs. of the Amer. Philos. Society in 1S55, and was an active and efficient member of the U.S. Sanitary Commission throughout the war. The degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by the U. of N.Y. in 1836, by the U. of Pa. in 1837, and by H.U. 1851. He was made a regent of the Smithsonian Institution in Aug. 1846. In 1833, he edited Brewster's "Optics," with notes. He pub. "Observations" at the Observatory of Girard Coll. 1840-5, 3 vols. 8vo; "Report of Experiments to navigate the Chesap. and Del. Canal by Steam," 8vo, Phila., 1834, and contrib. many valuable papers to the scientific journals of the day. Bache, Benjamin Franklin, journalist, son of Richard, b. Phila., Aug. 12, 1769; d. there Sept. 10, 1798. He accompanied his grandfather. Dr. Franklin, to Paris, was edu- cated in France and Geneva, and gained a knowledge of printing in the celebrated publish- ing-house of Didot. Returning in 1785, he studied for a time in the Coll. of Phila., and in Oct. 1790 began to publish the General Adver- tiser, afterwards called the Aurora, the ablest and most influential, as well as the most vio- lent, opposition journal during the administra- tions of Washington and Adams. Bache, Franklin, M.D., an eminent phy- sician, great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin, son of B. F. Bache, b. Phila., Oct. 25, 1792; d. there Mar. 19, 1864. U. of Pa. 1810; M.D. 1814. He was an assist, surgeon in the army in 1813, and surgeon in 1814-16, when he re- signed, and began practice in Phila. Physician to the Walnut-st. Prison, 1824-36; prof of chemistry to the Franklin Institute, 1826-32; physician to the Eastern Penitentiary, 1829-39; pi of of chemistry in the Phila. Coll. of Phar- m.icy, 1831-41 ; and from 1841 to his death held the same chair in the Jeff. Med. Coll. ; pres. Amer. Philos. Soc, 1854-5, and at his death pres. of the Deaf and Dumh Asylum Corpora- tion. As joint author, with Dr. Wood, of the " U. S. Dispensatory," from 1833 to 1864, he is probably best known to the medical world. He also rendered much service to medical liter- ature by his contributions to the " U. S. Phar- macopjeia" upon the Materia Medica. Author of "A System of Chemistry," 8vo, 1819; "In- troductory Lectures on Chemistry," 1841-52. Editor, with Dr. Hare, of " lire's Dictionary of Chemistry," 8vo, 1821; "Cutbush's Pyro- techny," 8vb, 1825; "Dr. Hare's Chemical Compendium," 1836; "Turner's Chemistry," and one of the editors of the North Amer. Med. and Surg. Journal, 1823-32. Contrib. to a large number of medical and scientific jour- nals. {See Memoir by Geo. B. Wood, Phila., 1865.) Richard (1794-1836) capt. of ord- nance, U. S. A., author of " Notes on Colom- bia," 1822-3, Phila., 8vo, 1827, was a brother. Bache, George Mifflin, hvdrographer, b. Phila. ab. 1810; d. Sept. 8, l"846. Great- grandson of Franklin, bro. of A. D. Bache. Entering the navy Jan. 1, 1825, he became a lieut. Mar. 3, 1835, and ab. 1838 was placed upon the coast-suivey. He w^as engaged upon the survey of the Gulf Stream, andperished in the hurricane of Sept. 8, 1846. Bache, Hartman, brev. brig.-gen. U. S. A., b. Pa. ah. 1797. West Point, 1818. Bro. of Franklin B.ache. Entering the U. S. topog. engineers, he became brev.-m.aj. July 24, 1828 ; mnj. July 7,1838; lleut.-col. Aug. 6, 1861; col. Mar. 3, 1863; brev. brig.-gen. Mar. 13, 1865; retired Mar. 7,1867. Bache, Richard, U. S. postmaster-gen. (Nov. 1776-1782), b. Settle, Yorkshire, Eng., Sept. 12, 1737; d. Settle, Berks Co., Pa., July 29, 1811. He came while young to Amer., became a merchant, and, at the beginning of the Revol., was chairman of the republican soc. of Phila. In 1767, he m. Sarah, only dau. of Benj. Franklin, and succeeded him as postmas- ter-gen. His bro. Theophilact, a loyalist, pres. of the N. Y. Chamber of Commerce in ■ N. Y. City, 1807, a. 78. His kind- Whig gpr i during the war merits especial notice. Bache, Mrs. Sarah, only dau. of Dr. Franklin, b. Phila., Sept. 11, 1744 ; d. Oct. 5, 1808. In 1767, she m. Richard Bache, and deserves special mention for her patriotic ser- vices during the Revol. war. In the severe winter of 1780, many of the soldiers were barefoot and only half clad. The ladies undertook to supply them with clothing, ami m.ide the garments with their own hands. In this noble charity, Mrs. Bache was one of the most zealous. On other occasions, her active benevolence was called into exercise. She performed hospital duties, dressing the wounds of the soldiers, and administering to them medicines and cordials to mitigate their suffer- ings. Bachi (ba-kee'), Pietro, Ph. D. of the U. of Padua, teacher of Italian and Spanish in H.U. (1826-46), b. Sicily, 1787; d. Boston, Aug. 22,18.53. He was bred to the law. Implicated in Mnrat'- attempt to ascend the throne of Naples in 1815, he was banished, and resided 48 in Eng. until 1R2S, wlion tie cnine tn tln' U.S. He was well vev-r,l in jnii^|.n;,ir„r,., mi.l was a skilful tearlirr, Init ii,r:,,n-- i i,i|.c.r,,i.- in his habits, wMsrlrpiivu.l ..I In. |„..t in II V.. and (i. niiseraljlv. Autliur ut an " Italian Grammar," 1829. Baehman (bak'-man), John, D.D., LL. D., b. Duchess Co., N.Y., Feb. 4, 1790, natural- ist and theolofrian, pastor of the German Lu- theran Chureh in Charleston, S.C, since 1815. He assisted Audnhon in his great work on ornithology, and was the principal author of the work on the quart rupeds of N. A., illustrat- ed by Audubon and his sons. Author of " Notice of the Types of Mankind, by Nott and Gliddon," 1854; "Examination o"f Prof. Agassiz' Sketch of the Natural Provinces of the Animal World," &c., 1855; "Characteristics of Genera and Species as applicable to the Doctrine of the Unity of the Human Race," 1854; " Catalogue of Phenogamous Plants and Ferns growing in the Vicinity of Charles- ton, S.C. ; " " Two Letters on Hybridlty," 8vo, 18.50 ; " Viviparous Quadrupeds of N.A.," and a work in defence of Martin Luther, 1 853. In the Med. Jour, of S.C, he has ably discussed the bearings of science upon theology. Back, Sir George, F.R.S., an arctic ex- plorer, b. Stockport, Eng., Nov 6,1796. En- tering the royal navy in 1808, he accompanied Capt. David Buchan on an exped. to Spitz- bergen in 1817; and in 1819 went with Sir John Franklin on his overland exped. from the western shore of Hudson Bay to the northern coast, near the Coppermine River. The exped. returned to York Factory in 1823. In 1821, he was made lieut. In 1825, he joined Franklin's second exped. in the endeavor, in conjunction wiili Beechey and Parry, to dis- cover from opposite quarters the north-west passage. Lieut. Back penetrated as far as lat. 70° 24' N. ; long. 149° 37' W., and on the return of the exped. was- left in charge of the remaining officers and men at Fort mrnals of the lir pnMrl]>.l till' aiiiiiial clrctinn sriinon before the {'1 h-i,l. .\ \('l. (.(■ his Mllnniis, with a skrlrli of lu^ litr. ha- ln'OI! |>llli, — SjTafjue. Backus, t'liAULiis, D.I>. (Williams Coll. 1801), thcoluuian, uncle of Azcl, b. Norwich, Ct., Nov. 5, 1749; d. Somer.s, Ct., Dec. 30, 1803. Y. C. 1769. Pastor of the Con^. Church at Somers from Aug 10, 1774, until his death. He was a fervent and eloquent preacher, and a successful teacher of theology. Besides sermons, he pub. a vol. on Regener- ation, " Five Discnnr*''s on ih.> Truth of the Bible," 1797, and an ln-t..Mral ili-. curse upon the town of Somer-, I--!! — >/' "/'c. Backus, Elech-, I. 111!,-. I, mortally wounded in defence ut Saekni'- llarl'or, Mav 29, and d. June 7, 1813. .\|M' mai li-lit dragoons, Oct. 7, 1808; linn r-l. l-.l,, 15, 1809. His son Elisctus, cnl. U S..\ . Ii. X.Y., 1804. West Point, 1824. Aide h. Ucir. Brailv, 1828-37; capt. Oct. 17, 18.i7; brcv. niaj. Sept. 23, 1846, "for gallant and meritorious conduct at Montercv ; " maj. 3ii Inf. June 10, 1850; lieut.-col. Jan. 19, 1859; col. 6th Inf. Feb. 20, 1862; d. Detroit, June 7, 1862. He saw service in the Seminole War, 1838-40, and in the Navajoe exped. 1858. Backus, Franklix Thos., a disting. law- ver of Cleveland, O. ; d. there Mav 14, 1870 ; b. Lee, Ms., May 6, 1813. Y.C. 1836. He went to Cleveland in 1836; was adm. to the bar in 1839 ; pros, atty. for Cuyahoga Co., 1841 ; member of the' hon.se of rep. 1846, of the State senate in 1848, and of the peace con- vention of 1861. — A. T. Goodman. Backus, Is.\AC, Bapt. minister and author, b. Norwich, Ct., 1724 ; d. Nov. 28, 1806. He Franklin, with .all the voyage, &c. ; returning to Eng. in 1827, hav- ing in 1825 been made commander. In 1833, he took charge of the party sent in search of Sir John Ross, who had left Eng. in 1829, of which voyage he pub. an interesting history. Receiving news of Ross's safety, he returned home in 1835; obtained post rank, and in Jan.-, 1 ::■•., -i irt-l -n In- !a-. vmv,,.^,. (See A',,-,. ■ ,/,..-/-,,// 1/ -■ ■■ r.rror," on tL A y -■-.,- w'/ I ^:;('.-7// 1 1, rrreiveda gold medal from the Geog. Society in 1837, was knighted in 1839, and subsequently held a lucrative treasury appointment. — Men of the Time. Backus, AzEL, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1810), cler^vnian and educator, b. Norwich, Ct., Oct. 13, 176.5 ; d. Dec. 28, 1816, Yale Coll. 1787. Nephew of Rev. Charles Backus. After leav- ing college, he taught school at Wcathersfield, Ct., with his classmate, John H. Lotbrop. Licensed to preach in 1789 ; minister al Beth- lehem, Ct., and successor of Dr. Bellamy from 1791 to 1812 ; and pies, of Ham. Coll., N. Y., from its establishment in Sept. 1812, till his death. While at Bethlehem, be instituted and began to preach in 1746; gregationalist, at Middlebor 1748; and, becoming 1 T'.i|. there in 1756. He ^^ , freedom, and in 177 1 of the Wan-en A.,-,,r,,,, aa, , -li. Ms. , a Con- Apr 13, He (li. ,. I -e in this affair in an article in tl" .' ' ' v. Dee. 2, 1779, and argued a'.; .iii-i,i:i:n:irl ill the Bill ofRightsof tile State constitution then under diseiis-ii'ii in the enn- vention. He was the delegate i.t .\liddh i (inm^li to the convention which adu|.trd tlie Inhial Constitution, which he supported in a si r, eh. The Baptist denomination is greatly iiidihtrd to him for its prosperitv. He pub. a " Ilisicny of the Baptists," 3 vo"ls., 1777 and 17s4 and 1796; also an abridgment bronglit down to 1804, and a Historv of iVliddleborough in the 3d vol. Ms. Hist. Colls. — See Life and Times of, bi/ Almh Hove;i, D.D., 1859. Bacon, David Francis, M.D., author, and physician of the Colonization Soc. at Libe- ria, 1836-41, b. Prospect, Ct., 30 Nov. 1813 ; d. N.Y City, 23 Jan. 1866. Y. C. 1831 ; Med. Coll. i836. He engaged in politics in N.Y. City, and frequently contrib. to the periodicals of the dav ; author of " Lives of the Apostles," 1835"; " Wanderings on the Seas and Shores of Africa," 1843. Bacon, Ezekiel, LL.D., son of Rev. John, b. Stockbridge, Ms., Sept. 1, 1776; d. Utica, N.Y., Oct. 18,1870. Y.C. 1794. Hewas B^C a member of the State Ief;isl. in 1S05-6 ; chief- JListite of Common Pleas, 1813; 1st comp- troller U.S. treasury, 1813-15; and M.C. 1807-13. Removed to Uiica, N.Y. ; delegate to the State Const. Conv. of 1821. He pub. " Recollections of 50 Years since " a lecture, 1843. . Bacon, Ili-.vnr, antlior, iind lliiiversalist M, 11.1 M.Li \,\A and has contrib. to the Christian Speclator, the New-Engkinder, and the N. Y. Independent. Among his pub. are " Select Praictieal Writings of Richard Baxter," 2 vol. 8vo, 2d ed., 1835 ; " Manual for Young Church-Members," 18mo, 1833 ; " Slavery Discussed," 8vo, N.Y., 1846; " Thirteen Discourses on the 200th Anniver- sarv of the First Church in New Haven," 1839, •• liist. Disc, at the Old South Meetinghouse, W.jiv.stcr, 22 Sept. 1863." Bacon, .N'atiuniel, an early patriot of \a . U Sulfolk, I'.iig. al). 1646; d". I Oct. 1676. Providciite, U.I., and over the Church of the Messiah, Phila. 20 years editor of the Ladies' Repository, Boston. Author of " Christian Comforter," " Sacred Flora," " Memoir of Mrs. Jerauld," and over 50 tracts and sermons. " The Pastor's Bequest," selections from his sermons bv Mrs. E. A. Bacon, was pub. Boston, 1857. Bacon, Henky, figure-painter, b. Win- chester, Ms., 1840. He studied with W. A. Gay of Boston ; went to Paris in 1864, where he has since resided ; studied at the Beaux Arts, and afterwards at Ecouen under E. Frere. He has a happy talent in telling a story by a picture. Bacon, Joel Smith, D.D. (Wash. Coll. 1845), Bapt. minister and educator, b. Cavnga Co., N.Y., 1801 ; d. Richmond, Va., Nov. 9, 1869. Ham. Coll. 1826; Newton Theol. Inst. 1831. Before graduating, he was a teacher in Amelia Co., Va. ; was afterward a classical teacher at Princeton, N.J. ; pres. of (ieorge- town Coll., Ky., 1831-3 ; pastor of the Baptist Church at Lynn, 1833-4; prof. Ham. Inst., N.Y., 1834-7 ; was some time an agent for Indian missions; pres. of Col. Coll., D C. 1843-54; then taught in female seminaries; was two years at the head of an institution at Tuscaloosa, Ala.; and in 1859-67 was a teacher at Warrenton, Va. He was finally a travelling agent in the South for the Bible Society. Bacon, John, clergyman and politician, b. Canterbury, Ct., 1737 ; d. Stockbridge, Ms., Oct. 25, 1820. N.J. Coll. 1765. He studied theology; preached in Somerset Co., Md., in 1768; and Sept. 25, 1771, was settled over the Old South Church, Boston. Owing to diflfer- imces of opinion with his church, he was dis- missed Feb. 8, 1775, and removed to Stock- bridge, where he was a magistrate, a representa- tive, associate and presiding judge of the Com- mon Pleas, a member and pres. of the State senate (1803-4), and M. C. 1801-3. He pub. a sermon after his installation, 1772 ; an answer to Huntington on a ease of discipline, 1781 ; a speech on the courts of the U..S., 1802 ; " Con- jectures on the Prophecies," 1805. ,J Bacon, Leon.\rd, D.D., Cong, clergyman r- and author, b. Detroit, Mich., Feb. 19, 1802. Y. C. 1820; And. Theol. Sera. 1824. David, his father, was a missionary to the Indians, and the first settler of Tallmadge, O. In Mar. 1825, he was installed pastor over "the Centre Church, New Haven, Ct. A disting. cham- pion of N. E. Congregationalism, and a close adherent to the traditions and practices of the Puritan fathers. He has written a number of occasional addresses and sermons, I' large estate at the head of James River, became in 1672 a member of the council, and acquired great popularity. ■ An Indian war having sprung up, Uov. Berkeley built a few frontier forts ; but the people, desirous of more active and energetic measures, chose Bacon as their leader. The gov. refused to commission him ; but he defeated the Indians, and 29 May, 1676, was proclaimed a rebel. Tried and acquitted, he received the gov.'s pardon, Juno 9 ; was restored to the council, and was promised a gen.'s commission for the Indian war. Ber- keley refused to keep his promise ; and Bacon, at the heaii of 500 men, extorted his signature. He then turned his attention to the war, which ho vigorously prosecuted. Again proclaimed a rebel, he issued a declaration against the gov., whom he drove from Williamsburg, and whom he was about to attack at Accomac, when death ended his career. At the time of his death, he was one of the burgesses for the county of Henrico. His story has been novelized by Caruthers of Va. — See Force's Tracts, 1840; ^P'lrkss Amer. Bioij. iii.. New Series. Bacon, Samoel, Prot.-Epis. clergyman, b. Sturbridge, Ms., 22 Julv, 1781 ; d. Kent, Cape Shilling, Africa, 3 ilay, 1820. H. U. 1808. He studied law ; edited the 11'. ., , ,f.'/i's, afterward the Hive, at Lanca- 1. r . , i i _'. was an officer of U.S. mann- : . , i : ' i practised law in Pa., and tluii iM,,k oni.i- in the Prot.-Epis. Church. Aj.p. U.S. a^cnt to establish a colony in Africa, he reached Sierra Leone, 9 Mar. 1820, and d. shortly after. — See Life, by J. Aslwmn. Bacon, l'ii"M v^. I 'I'lt-ICpis. clergy man and author, li. I I i . , Ml, : d. May 24, 1768. Hecom|iil.: -lem of the revenue of Ireland, K;:, i... ,i minplete body of the laws of Md., folicj, 176'). Bacon, William Thompson, poet and clergyman, b. Woodbury, Ct., Aug. 24, 1814. Y. C". 1837. After two years passed at the Epis. Acad, at Cheshire, he, at the age of 17, established himself In business at New Haven. He delivered the valedictory poem at Yale ; studied at the N. Haven Divinity School, and from 1842 to 1845 was pastor of the Cong. Church at Trnmbull, Ct. He became sub- sequently one of the editors of the New-Eiig- laiider, was also for a few years editor and proprietor of the N. Raven Journal and Courier, since which he has been engaged in ministerial labors in Kent and in Derby, Ct. In 1837, Mr. Bacon pub. a vol. of poems, which in 1840 //// BA.T) 60 passed to a third edition. In 1848, a new vol. was issued. Badeau, Adam, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. Capt. .ind aide-de-camp U. S. Vols , Apr. 1 862 ; on staff of Gen. Sherman ; severo- Iv wounded at Port Ihulson ; joined Gen. Grant -Tan. IS64, as military sec, and lieut.- ool., and was made brev. l.ri-.-gen. U.S.A., for faiihlnl and merit, services in the war. Col. and aide decamp to the gen. of the army. Mar. 1865 to May 1869, when retired. Sec. of le- Salion " His: Londc ry of Gen. U. S. Gr; Author of vols., 8vo, Badger, George Edmcnd, LL. T). (Y.C. 18-18), statesman and jurist; b. Nc-wliern, N.C., Apr. 13, 1795; d. RaUi.h. ^.r., May 11, 1866. Y. C. 1813. Heprart— 1 Ian m Ka leigh, where he soon disting. hnn-.li ly -m.iIi- ty and strength in his prolessimi. lb- li.aamc a member of the legisl. in 1816 ; was judge of tlie Su]u-eme Court in 1820-5; sec. of the na- vv in 1S41, but resigned on I'res Tyler's veto- iii- the bill to re-charter the U. S. Bank; and Ufs. senator from 1846 to 1854. Nominated to the supreme bench in 1851, but not con- firmed by the senate. In the State convention of May, 1861, he .spoke ably in defence of the Union. He was an excellent lawyer, and a vig.irous siieaker, abounding in wit and humor. Badger, Gen. Joseph, b. Haverhill, Ms., Jan. U, 1722; d. Apr. 4, 1803. Priur to his removal to Gilmanton in 1763, he held vari- ous civil and military offices in Haverhill, and became col. in 1771. During the Revol., he was an active and efficient officer, a member of the Provincial Congress, was muster-master of a Revol. pensioner. — See Life by E. G. Holland, N. Y., 1854. Badger, LnTHER, lawyer, b. Partridge- field, Ms., Apr. 10, 1785. Ham. Coll. 1807. Adm. to the bar of Broome Co., N.Y., in 1812; jud-o-advocate of the 27th brig, N Y. Mililia, 1S19-27; M. C. 1825-7 ; cxan.inor 1840-'! ; U.' S. dist.- Badger, Steph Indians from Mar. 27 1799; d Aug. 28,1 Apr. 12, 1726. H ployed by tli'' rouii thcgospcl ill X. 1',. ing the liidiau-. iii atiy 803 for X, Y. 1846-9.^ ninisier to the Natii 752, until dism. Jul b. Charlcstown.M: 1747. He w:,s ei 797, epri ited. Badger, William, gov. of N. H , 1834-6, b. UilniMuimi, N.H.,Jan.l3, 1779; d. Sept. 21, 18,'i2. His youth was emploved in business pui-M.its. • He was successively in the legisl. (1810-12) and senate (1S14-10) of his native State; Frcs, of the senate in 1816; an nsso. justice of the C, C P. lsiG-:i. hijh sher- iff of Stafford Co. IS-'L>-:;-J — lf>~i (/Jninnlon. Badlam, Stf.iih.n-, ^m,, a K'.^il nfficer, b. Canton, Ms., 17.-.1; .1, 1 )ui,li, m, i-, Ms., Aug. 24, 1815. Left an crpliaii ai an early age, his education was linni-l .iMMnnj the army in 1775, hcwas maile a lint .1 am lerv, soon became a capt., and \va^ cial. i, d i.i X.\ ., where he made the acquaintaini.- of .VIex. Ham- ilton, who frequently consulted him on tactics. He had also the esteem of Washington, whose disciple in iioliiics he continued to his death. Made the Provincial uongress, was musiei-u.a=.c, .. .......^ , 'e was ordered to command the roops raised in hi^s section of the State, and artillery of the dept, of Canada. Returning was emnloved in furnishing supplies for the thence to Crown Point, he took possession of rmy "^He was app. brig.-gen.*^ 1780, was Mt. Independence on the memorable July 4 army. nc was _app_ _j,^„ u„..„r,t,o i77K- fmm which circumstance it was named im. He did good service in the jpplies for the thence to Ci He was app. brig.-gen. 1780, was Mt. Independeiice iudge of probate 1784 to 1797, member of the 1776; from « conv. which adopted the Constitution, and of by Maj. B^.dli Fort Stanwix, under Willet, in Aug. 1777. In 1779, he was made brig.-gen. of mi- litia. —5ee Cod7mn's Fun. Sermon : Panoplist xi. 572. Baena (bg-a'-na) Antoxio Ladislaus Monteiro, Portuguese historian and geog- rapher in the military service of Brazil ; d. ah. 1851. Authorof a " Chorographic Essay on the Province of Para," 1839, and of other valuable works. . Baez, Buenaventura, pres. of Hayti, a mulatto, b. A/.na, Hayti, 1820. His father was active in the insurrection of 1808. The son became influential by his wealth and tal- ents, and, having co-operated with Santana in securing the independence of the republic, was, after' the expulsion of Jemines, chosen pres. At the next election, Santana was chosen ; and from being friends they became bitter enemies. Oct. 6, 1856, Baez again be- came pres., but surrendered the government to Santana, June 11, 1858, and left the coun- trv. Returning in 186."), he was a third time elected pres., but in Mar. 1866 was again ex- w"ihVh"e'countryTnai".le'd pelled by Gen. Cabral. Late in 1867, he in- of a temporal as well as augurated a new revol., and has since been in at the close of the war, he power in the eastern part o the ^aud tte TV functions. His poverty sale of which he endeavored to effect to the ic became U. S. in 1871. the State council in 1784, 90-91. He did much towards fouading and erecting the acad. in Gilmanton. . . Badger, Joseph, an early missionary west of the AUeghanies, b. Wilbraham, Ms., Feb. 28, 1757 ; d. Perrysbnrg, O., May 5, 1846. Y. C. 1785. Giles his ancestor settled in Newbury, Ms., in 1635. His early education was slight; and, at the age of 18, he entered the Revol. army, in which, with the excep- tion of a few weeks, he remained until the end of 1778. $200, which he had saved in Continental bills, were then so reduced in value as hardly to purchase him cloth for an ordinary coat. Notwithstanding his destitu- tion, he resolved to obtain an education, and earned money to pay his coll. bills by teaching school. He studied for the ministry, was pas- tor at Blandford, Ms., 24 Oct. 1787-24 Oct. 1800, and was then sent by the missionary society to the unsettled parts of 0. Here for 30 years his labors were only exceeded by his hardships. During the War of 1812, Mr. Badger was app. by Gen. Harrison brig. chap- Iain. His familiarit; —--■--- «--i.i-.^ him to act the part spiritual guide, and, resumed his missionary functions. His po was at times extreme ; and in 18: B^I William, an English arctic ex- plorer, b. 'l584; d. 1622. On returning from his first West Greenland voyage in 1612, he wrote an account of it, giving for the first time a method for determining the longitude at sea by an observation of the celestial bodies. He also pub. an account of a second voyage to Greenland in 1615, and of a voyage toSpitzbergen in 1614, containing important information. In 1618, he was mate of a mer- chant-vessel in the Arabian Sea. In 1616, he com. a vessel in wbiih he is said to have reached 81i iliu' X, latiimlo, and is supposed to have asc.T:, nil. ,1 ilir .miiis of the vast inlet of the sea siiir, Limwn l.\ ]iis name. He was killed at the sic^c ul (Jrmuz in the Persian Gulf, while attempting, in conjunction with a Persian force, to expel the Portuguese from that island. Bagby, ARXHnR P., gov. of Ala., 18.37- 41, b. Va., 1794; d. Mobile, Ala., 21 Sept. 1858. Liberally educated, he settled in Ala., taking at once a high position as a criminal lawyer; was a member of the legisl. in 1820- 2, and speaker of the house ; U- S. senator in 184.3-9, and minister to Russia in 1849-53. Subsequently a commissioner to codify the laws of the State. Bagot, Sir Charles, a British statesman, b. Blithfield, StatTord Co.. Eng., 23 Sept. 1781 ; d. Kingston, Canada, May 18, 1843. Second son of William Lord Bagot. Made un- der-sec. for foreign affairs in 1807 ; sent in 1814 on a special mission to Paris ; shortly after- ward min.-plenipo. to the U. S. ; successively ambassador to St. Petersburg, the Hague, and special ambassador to Vienna in 1834. From 10 Jan. 1842, to his death, gov.-gen. of Brit. North Amer., which he governed with wis- dom and prudence. Bailey, Ebesezer, educator, and author of a treati.se on algebra; d. 1839. Y. C. 1817. lie pub. also a "Review of the Mayor's Re- port upon the High School for Girls," 1828. — See Sketch of his Life and Educ. Labors, 8vo, 1861, Hartford. Bailey, Gamaliel, proprietor and editor of the National Era, b. Mt. Holly, N.J., Dec. 3, 1807; d. June 5, llB59, on board steamer "Arago," while on his way to Eng. Remov- ing to Phila. at the age of 9, he studied med- icine; receiving his degree in 1828. Sailed to China as physician of a ship, and began his career as an editor on the Methodist Protestant in Bait. In 1831, he removed to Cincinnati, and was physician to the cholera hospital dur- ing the pestilence. The expulsion of some students from Lane Sem. on account of their antislavery sentiments first prompted his hostility to slavery. ■ In 1836, with J. G. Bir- ney, he conducted the_first antislavery news- paper in th e West, the C iiiSmali Philanthro- pisl. TTieir^nnting-othceTvas twice attacked by a mob, the press thrown into the Ohio River, and the books and papers burned. In (^1837, Dr. Bailey became sole editor of the Philanthropist, the organ of the Liberty party, and was a principal leader in the presidential canvass in 1840. In 1841, his press was de- (Stroyedby a mob, which was dispersed by the military. Jan. 1, 1847, he began to edit at Washington the National Era, an antislavery paper. In 1848, a mob for three days besieged his office. Addressing the multitude in a speech remarkable for its coolness and its in- dependent spirit, the mob, that had proposed to tar and feather him, was disarmed by his eloquence. "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was ori- ginally pub. in the Era. Bailey, Jacob, soldier, b. Newbury, Ms., July 2. 1728; d. Newbury, Vt.. Mar. 1, 1816. Settled in Hampstead, 1745; was a capt. in French war, 1 756, and escaped from the mas- sacre at Fort Wm. Henry in Aug. 1757 ; col. at the taking of Ticonderoga and Crown Point in 1759. In 1764, chartered a township in Vr., which ho removed ; app. brig.-gen. the State of N.Y., and commis Northern dept. during the Revol. he performed valuable service with purse, pen, and sword. — Coffin. Bailey, Jacob, Pr.-Ep. clergyman and lovalist, b. Rowley, Ms., 16 Apr. 1731 ; d. Annapolis, N.S., 26July, 1808. H. U. 1755. Ord. in Eng., he officiated many years at Pownalboro, now Wiscasset, Me. ; and in 1779, during the Revol. war, went to Annapolis, where he was rector of St. Luke's. His eldest son Perev, a capt. in the British army, was killed at the battle of Chippewa, July 5, 1814. — See his Journal, with Memoir by Rev. W. S. liarlht. Bailey, Jacob Whitman, naturalist, b. Ward, Ms., Apr. 29, 1811 ; d. West Point, Feb. 26, 1857. Removing to Providence, R.I. in early life, he received a common school education. Grad. West Point, July, 1832, and was app. lieut. of art. In 1839, he was app. assist, and afterwards prof, of chemistry, bot.iny, and mineralogy, at W. Point. His wife and dau. perished when the steamer " Henry Clay" took fire on the Hudson in 1852; and his exertions and exposure on that oc- casion caused his death. Inventor of " Bai- ley's Indicator," and of many improvements in the microscope. His investigations with this instrument, illustrating botany and zool- ogy, gave him great distinction. His "Mi- croscopic Sketches," together with his collec- tion of about 4,500 specimens of algse, he bequeathed to the Boston Soc. of Nat. History. He was pres of the Amer. Asso. for the Advancement of Science in 1857. His pub papers, more than 50 in number, are found in Silliman's JonrnnI vt Science, Transactions of the Asso. of (Seol agists and Naturalists, The Smithsonian Con- tributions to Knowledge, and in the various State geological surveys. — Journal of Micro- scopic Science. Bailey, Col. John, Revol. officer, b. Hanover, Ms, Oct. 30, 1730; d. there Oct. 27, 1810. At the outset of the war, he was licut.-col. of the Plymouth regt., with which he marched to Cambridge, in M.ay, ,1775; suc- ceeded Col. John Thomas in its command, and throughout the war was col. of the 2d Ms. regt. of the Continental line. He was con- spicuous in the campaign against Burgoyne, and had the reputation of a brave and faith- ful officer. Late in life he was an innkeeper in Hanover. 52 BAI Bailey, Joseph, brifr.-gen. of U.S. Vols. ; mnidcreil liv hujhwh.ickers near Nevad.i, Mo., Mar, 21, 1867. Gen. Bailey achieved a high repiitntion in the ReJ River exped. in May, 1864, by a slcilfiil and original feat of cn;^i- neering-,by whicli he hrons'lit tlie iron-clad gun- boats of the Mpi. squadron safely over the dangerous falls and rapids of the Red River above Alexandria. He joined the army in Wisconsin, where he had previously been a lumberman, and was acting chief-engineer of the I9th Army Corps, with rank of licut.-col., when the retreating Union forces found that the water of the Red River had fallen so much, that Admiral Porter's squadron could not pass the rapids. In this perilous emergency, Col. Bailey proposed to construct dams which should raise the water sufficiently lO permit the gunboats to descend safely. The most skilful engineers in the army said the propo- sition was absurd; but in U days the fleet were safely over the falls. For this brilliant achievement, he was made brig.-gen., and re- ceived the thanks of Congiess. He settled after the war in Newton Co.," Mo., of which he was chosen sheriff. He became for- midable to buskwhackers, but after arresting two of them, brothers, named Pixley, was shot by I hem. Bailey, Joseph Roosevelt, R. C. bishop of Newark since 1S5.3, b. N.Y., 1814 ; studied for thePr.-Ep. Church, embraced Catholicism, 1842; studied at St. Sulpicc, Paris; was ord. priest, and returned to the U. S. in 1844. Bailey, Kiah, Cong, minister, b. Brook- field, Ms., 11 Mar. 1770; d. Hardwick, Vt., 17 Aug. 1857. Dartm. Coll. 1793. He stud- ied theol. under Dr. Emmons ; was minister of Newcastle, Me., 7 Oct. 1797-1824 j subse- quently of Greensborough, Vt., and Thornton, N.H., and in 1833 settled on a farm at Hard- wick. Member Ms. legisl. in 1819-20; pres. of the Me. Missionary Soc. Bailey, Rufds 'Wm., D.D. (Hamp. Sid. Coll. 1859), clergyman and author, b. North Yarmouth, Me., Apr. 13, 1793; d. Huntsville, Tex., Apr. 25, 1863. D. C. 1813. He taught an acad. at Salisbury and at Blue Hill, Me. ; was tutor at D. C. 1817-18; pastor of the Cons. ch. at Norwich, Vt., Nov. 29, 1819, to Novri2, 1835; at Pittslield, Apr. 14, 1824, to Sept. 27, 1 827 ; taught school in S. C, in Fay- ctteville, N.C., and'in Staunton, Va. ; went to Texas in 1854; prof, of languages at Austin Coll , Huntsville, 2 vears, and its pres. from Dec. 16, 1858, to his death. He pub. " The Issue," a vol. on slavery, 1837 ; " The Family Preach- er," 18.j8; a primary grammar, and a "Man- ual of Grammar ; " " Tlie Motlu-r's Request ; " :.nd"Thc Bi-inuiiv,-. 1 1,mI ' - \'',,nuiD.C. Bailey, Tin;reventing their imprisonment and slavery. For this act he received the thanks of Bonaparte, then first consul, and the ap- proval of his own government. While com- 53 inanding the frigate "Philadelphia," engaged in the blockade oC Tripoli, Oct. 31, 1803, she qlle^t. ^l'|lt. i . frigate "Cmi^ coast of Brazil, llull 'Capt.: Jill- she bio I , i. : .'KuiJed, Lambert imii' II . ; I, - ;: i-jiiers with great kiiiilh -~ ; \\.i~ . i,:iiii,;.i-!j. ,liy received upon hii. rciiini, and w;is awarded a gold medal by Congress. Alter the peace of 1815, he superin- tended the building of "The Independence," 74, in which he sailed lor Algiers, but was fore- stalled byanv,,:i ,.i |-i.. II. .i,,, an. run! one of the n.n r , i r,.,., ; navy-yard ai i ,, . , 1 1 - , , i . i , ,, in"TheColu,nM.- -i,i;i !lM Al .li:..,,.:,r,i„. in 1820-21. (.bV, Li/r. b,/ Tims. Hum's, M.O., niib. Phila., 8vo, 1837.) His bro. Joseph, capt. U. S. navy, d. Nov 18, 1824. A lieut. at the destruciion of " The Philadelphia " frigate in the harbor of Tripoli. Feb. 16, 1804, and of Preble's squadron in Julv-Sept. 18U4. Baine, A. C, lawyer and ai lei"li, N.r., I'l S,],t. I.SIU; d. Ciii 21 harbor, r, b. Ra- Neviida, III Stock- LSieemed ■of-'Ui- and i forseliolar>liii, and int.-i-ity. . vinel<\uth and Natural Reason, the time of his death had nearly completed a vol. on " Relations of Human Liberty to Nat- ural, Moral, and Divine Law." Baird, Ausalom, brev. maj.-gen. U. S. A., b. \Vasliini;lon, Pa., Aug. 20, 1824. Wash- ington Coll. 1841 ; West Point, 1849. He studied law belore entering the military acad. Ent. the 2d Art.; served in Fla. in 1850-3; and between 1853 and 1859 was assist, instruct- or, and assist, prof, of mathematics at West Point. In Mar. 1861, he was ordered to Wash- ington Xo com. Magruder's battery, and 1 1 May, became assist, adj. -gen., raidc of capt. He was chief of staff to Gen. Tyler at the battle of Bull Run; 12 Nov. 1861, assist, insp.-gcn, rank of maj. ; and in Mar. 1862, chief of staff, and insp.-gcn. to the 4th army corps. Gen. Keves ; ■ ■ -Yoi' at the siege of Yorkt. the ba Will .,11, at Iranklin, ga, for which he Tenn., and aUo was brev, lieut.-col. 20 Sept. 18B3. Jin Nov. 20, for Chattanooga; .brev. bri 3 Mar. 1865, for the capture of Atlanta; a ij.-gen. vols. 1 Sept. 1864, for servii in the Atlanta campaign, particularly for the battles of Resaccaand Jonesborough.and op's against Savannah. Ue com. a div. of the 14th corps, in Sherman's " march to the sea," at the battle of Bentonville, N.C., 20 Mar. 1865, and surrender of Johnston's army,26 Apr. 1865. — Cnliain. Baird, Rohert, D.D., author and clergy- man, b. of Scotch parents, Fayette Co., Pa., Oct. 6, 1798; d. Yonkers, N.Y., Mar. 15, I^'il. .Idf. Coll. 1818; D.D. 1842. He taught ■ Ilia a yaar at Bellefonte; studied 3 years at I'l :i i.m Tlieol. Sem., in wliich he was one 111 I laior : had charge of a sera, at Prince- t" I II i-j2:m1S27; was agent of the N.J. Ml 11^ an- in 1828; of the Amer. Sir ■. - I iiioninl829, and in 5 years iiiri.aal II- r-vanue from $5,000 to S28",000. From IS.'ia to 1S43, he was most of the time in Europe, striving to revive the Protestant faith in the south, and to promote the cause of temperance in the north, earning the title of " The International Preacher," so wide- spread had been his labors. On tlie formation of the Foreign Evangelical Society in 1849, he beeiinie its agent and corrcsp. see. On his last 1 i-ii la laiiijia III I -ai'. Iia ali!\ I iiiilirated the III . .a 1 ..'.a aaai I -I a. ill bcfore I . i ai . . 1 1.' .. I I ■ llaiigion in Ann iia I, ■ I ■ la ; ■ Vi-i; a. Nil! Ml. I II I.;iirope;" •• .Memoir of Anna J. Linnard," 1S.J5 ; " State and Prospects of Religion in America," 1842; " View of the Valley of the Mississippi," 1 832 ; "Transplanted Flowers," 1839; "Memoir of Rev. Joseph Sanfbrd," 1836 ; " Protes- tantism in Italy," 1845; "Impressions and E.xperiences of ttie W. Indies and N. America in 1849," 12mo, Phila. ; " The Christian Ret- rospect and Register," 1851 ; " History of the Albigenses, Waldenses, and Vaudois," "His- tory of the Temperance Societies of the U.S.," Paris, 1836; " Union of Church and State in N. England," Paris, 1837. Editor of the Christian Union, monthly, 1 847-8, and corresp. of many leading foreign and Amer. journals. His son. Rev. Charles, had charge of a Prot- estant chapel at Rome ; and another son, Henry M., is disting. for proficiency in Greek literature, and pub. a memoir of his father, 1866. Baird, SpenoekFullerton,LL.D., natu- ralist, b. Reading, Pa., 1823. Prof. nat. sciences, Dick. Coll. 1840; assist, sec. Smiths'n. Inst. The editor and translator of " The Iconographic Encyclop.," 4 vols. 8vo, N.Y., 1851. Author of papers on zoiilogy, and of reports on natu- ral history colls., made by Capt. Stansbury, Capt. Marcy, Lieut. Gilliss, the U.S. and Mex- ican Boundary Survey, and the Pacific R. R. Survey; also, with J. Cassin, " The Birds of North America," 2 vols. 4to, 1860; " Mam- mals of North America," 4to, 1861. He has made valuable contributions to the publications of the Jour, of Sciences, Phila., the Smith- sonian Institution, &c. Baker, Daniel, lieut.-col. U.S.A.; d. Detroit, Mich., 10 Oct. 1836. App. from Vt., Ensign 16th Inf., 8 Jan. 1799; adj. in 1802; assist, military agent at Detroit; capt. Mar. 1812; assist, dep. quartermaster, Apr. 1812; brev. maj. Aug. 9, 1812, for disting. service in battle of Brownstown, Maguago, where he was wounded; aide-de-camp to Gen. Lewis, June, 1813; maj. 45 Inf Apr. 15, 1814; disting. in alfitir at Lyon's Creek, under Gen. Bi.ssell; maj 7th Inf. 1 June, 1819 ; lieut.-col. 6th Inf May 1, 1829; com. hisregt. in battle of the Bad A.\e. — Gardner. 54 Baker, Daniel, D.D. (Laf. Coll. 1849), pies, of Austin Coll., Texas, Presb. clergy- man ; d. 1857. N. J. Coll. 1815. Has pub. "Affectionate Address to Mothers," and to " Fathers," " Plain and Scriptural View of Baptism," 18mo, " Revival Sermons," 12mo, Baker, David Jewett, politician, b. E. Haddam Ct., Sept. 7, 1792; d. Alton, HI., Auir. 6, 1869. Ham. Coll. 1816. He went with his parents to Untario Co., N.Y., in 1800, worked on a farm, studied law, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1819; settling in Kaskas- kia. 111. He had a large practice, and was probate judge of Randolph Co.; U .?. senator 1830-1, canviim ilin.iiLli Cuu-rr.s tlir idi- portant m. m- : ■-■ inil.lir lin'U \'< actual settle i ■ , • ,. . ^.| in n.i-^ - : T ^ attorney for III. m l>;:-tl Hi- uppn^ril thr introduction of slavery into III. in lS2.i, wiili such energy, that his opponents tried to kill him. Baker, Edward Dickinson, soldier and senator, b. Lond., Feb. 24, 1811 ; killed in the battle of Ball's Bluff, Oct. 21, 1861. His family came to the U.S. ab. 1815, and settled in Phila., but in 1825 removed to 111. The son studied law, was admitted to practise in Greene Co., III. ; removed to Springfield ; in 1837 was chosen to the legisl. ; was State sen- ator from 1840 to 1844, and then M.C. until the breaking-out of the Mexican war, when he resigned, and became col. of Illinois Vols. He shared in the siege of Vera Cruz, com. with great gallantry a brigade at Cerro Gordo and all the subsequent conflicts, and after the war removed to Galena, and aided in the nomination of Gen. Taylor to the presi- dency. In 1848-9, he was again in Congress, but, becoming connected with the Panama Railroad Co., declined a re-election, settled in the successful practice of law in Cal. in 1852, and connected himself with the Republican party. When Senator Broderic was killed in a duel in 1859, he delivered a funeral-oration over the body of his friend in the public sqnare of San Francisco, and soon after removed to Oregon, where in 1860, by a coalition between the Republicans and Douglas Democrats in the legisl., he was elected to the U. S. senate. On the breaking-out of the civil war in 1861, he raised the "California" regt. in N.Y. and Phila., and, declining to be app. a gen., went into the field at its head. At Bali's Bluff, he com. a brigade, and fell in advance of the line while serving a pi''ce of artillery. Baker, Henry Felt, author and inventor, b. Salem, Ms., Nov. 7, 1797; d. Portsmouth, O., Feb 20, 1857. H.U. 1815. He became a merchant and trader. In 1846, he patented the well-known " Improvement in Steam- Boiler Furnaces." Ab. 1848, he went to Cin- cinnati, became clerk in a bank, and in 1853 and 1854, pub. in two parts a work on " Banks and Banking in the U.S.," and contrib. fre- quently to the Bankers' Magazine. The name of Baker, his stepfather, was added to his ori- ginal name. Baker, Lafayette C, brev. brig.-gen. vols., and chief of the detective service daring the civil war, b. Stafford, N.Y., 1824 ; d. Phila , July .■!, 1868. In 1867, he pub. a work detail- ing much of the secret history of the war, and charging President Johnson with being privy to the pardon-brokerage business. Baker, Osman Cleander, D.D., Bishop M. E. Church, b. Marlow, N. H., 1812. Licensed 1829. Consee. bishop in May, 1852. He was stationed in N.H., and was prof, in the Meth. BiW. Inst, in 1847-52. Author of " Discipline of the M.E. Church," 1 2mo ; " Last Witness." D. Concord, N.H., Dec. 20, 1871. \IT. Re.mi;.mder, soldier and sion, he was captured and cruelly maimed, but was rescued the same day. He was out- lawed by the gov. of N.Y., and a price set upon hi"s head. May 10, 1775, with Col. Warner, he participated in the capture of Crown Point. He was on a scouting e.xped. when killed. Balboa, Miguel Cavello, a Spanish mis- sionary who visited S. America ab. 1566, and collected materials for a history of Peru, which was pnb. in Paris, 1840. Balboa, Vasco Nunez ve, a Spanish dis- covererandconquerorin Aiiiri mi,!. \. r. -i|. lus Caballeros, 1475; d. Caslilli I >'; lilT. In 1501, he went to the Wr.: 1 , : , , ^;- ped. of Bastidas. He is sail m h :\ > i, . i, ihe first European who ascertained Culia to lie an island. From Hispaniola, he sailed in 1510 to the River Darien, and established a colony on the Isthmus of Panama, where he built Santa Maria de la Anti-ua, the lirM town .m tlic ron- tinentof South .Vm iir;, In ,s,|.i, I.,!:. I'.al- boasctout on an ix|. il m n-- tli.; i-ilnnn-, ami discovered the Paeilic Uecan, Sept. 2'J. Kneel- ing, he thanked God for this great discovery, of which he took possession in the name of the sovereigns of Castile. Returning, he sent to Spain an account of his discoveries. His mer- its, however, were neglected, Enciso, a rival, having traduced him to the Spanish Govt.; and Pedrarias Davilawas sent out with a fleet and troops as gov. of Darien. Ralhoa was alter- wards made lieut-i^^v. with inil.ptndent au- thority. But, dis|nitr, .n i-in.; I.i t". rti him and Davila, the latter aLT 11 -L.l Mm -i .li-luyalty, and a design to revolt; uu wiiiili charge he was tried and convicted ; and in spite of the entrea- ties of the judges themselves, and of the whole colony, he was beheaded, leaving the character of an active and enterprising adventurer, infe- rior to none of the Spanish leaders in America in courage or abilities, and whose object was fiime, and not the accumulation of wealth. In his intercourse with the Indians, he dis])laycd great humanity and prudence. Balbuena de (da-bal-bwa'-nS), Bebxae- DO, a Spanish poet, and bishop of Porto Riro, in the W. Indies, from 1620 to his death, 1627, b. Val de Penos, 1568. Author of " The Age of Gold," a pastoral romance; "El Bernardo," an epic poem, and some lyrics. — See Tichwr's B^^Jj 55 Balcarres, Alexander Lindsay, Earl of, a British -en,, b. ITfii; (1. London, 27 Mar. 1!<25. ElilL'ft son of tho 5th Earl Balcarres, wliotii in 1767 lie succeeded in the liimily hon- ors. He became an ensi};n in the 53d Foot, obtained a majorate, Dec. 9, 1775, and served 3 years in N. America under Carleton and Bur- Koyne. He was jjiesent at the actions of Trois Rivieres, June 1, 1776 ; com. the lisht infantry of the army at Ticonderoga and Hnbbardton, July 7, 1777; also at Freeman's Farm, Sept. 19, (ju "the heights of Saratoga, with thf com. of tlie advanced corps of the army, r.ri;; (an. Frasi-r being killed in the actic.ii. i),r. 7. ( )ri s Balcarres was app. lieut.-col. L'4tli FmmI. ;mhI was included in the conventiim (if S;ir,[fi.^a. At the battle of Hubbardton. where he was wounded, 13 balls passed through his clothes. Made maj.-gen. 1793, and in 1794 sent to com. the forces in Jamaica, (vherc he was also placed at the head of theciviladmijiistration as lieut.- gov., but soon after returned to Eng. Lieut.- gen. 1798 ; gen. 1803. Ar the time of his death, he was one of the representative peers for Scot- land, but took no active part in politics. Balch, George B., capt. U.S.N., b. Tcnn., Dec. ■■511, 1821. Midshipman, Dec. 30, 1837; licnt, Aug. 16,1850; com. July 16,1862; capt. July 25, 1866. Actively engaged in the war with Mexico from first attack on Alvarado, Nov. 1, 1846, to surrender of Vera Cruz, Mar. 1847. While on the sloop "Plymouth,'' in com. of the advance post at Shanghai, China, he was wounded in the hip in a fight between the rebels and imperialists. Com. steamer "Pocahontas," S. A. squadron ; engaged rebel battery at Stono, S.C., and on the Black River in Aug. 1862; com. steamer "Pawnee," at- tacked by 2 rebel batteries, who at the same time attacked Gen. Terry's forces, and were re- pulsed July 16, 1863 ; engaged and captured 2 rebel guns in the Keowah River, Dec. 25, 1863 ; in the operations of Dahltcren and Foster in Stono River, S.C., July,I864; and Feb.9, 1865, with the " Sonoma" and " Dafll)dil," engaged 3 rebel batteries on Togoda Creek, North Edis- to, S.C., driving the enemy from his works. — Hamersly. Balctl, William, minister of the Second Church, Bradford, b. Beverly, Ms., Oct. 2, 1704 ; d. Bradford, Jan. 12, 1792. H. U. 1724. Ord. 7 Jan. 1727. In 1744, he pub. a pamphlet upon a dispute between himself and a few dissatis- fied members of his church ; and in 1746, he wrote an able reply to Messrs. Wigglesworth and Chipman, who had attacked him for propa- gating Arminian tenets. Besides the above- named, he pub. " A Discourse upon Self-right- eousness," 1742, and "Election Sermon," 1749. — .E/io(. Baldwio, Abraham, statesman, b. Guil- ford, Ct., Nov. 1754; d. Washington, D.C., Mar. 4, 1807. Y. C. 1772. Being a good clas- sical and mathematical scholar, he was tutor there 5 years, and from 1777, till the close of the war, was a chaplain in the army. Remov- ing to Savannah at the request of Gen. Greene, early in 1784 he abandoned the clerical pro- fession for that of the law, was a member of the legist, in 1784, a delegate to Congress in 1785-8, an active and disting. member of the which framed the Federal Consti tution in 1787, under which he was .M. C. 1789-99, and a U. S. senator from 1799 till his death. During the 22 years of his legislative career, he was never absent an hour, until the week preceding his death. In the Georgia legisl. he originated the plan of the State Uni- versity, drew up the charter by which it was endowed with 40,000 acres of land, and, with the aid of Gov. John Milledge, carried it through successfully. It was located at Ath- ens, and he was several years its pros. He was the bro.-in-lawof Joel Barlow; was a man of great talents, ardent patriotism, and exten- sive benevolence. Having never been married, bo was enabled by economy to assist many young men in obtaining an education ; and, on the death of his father in 1787, protected and educated 6 orphan-children, bis half bros. and sisters, among them Judge Henry Baldwin. Baldwin, Asiibel, Pr.-Ep. clergyman, b. Litchfield, Ct., Mar. 7, 1757 ; d. Rochester, N.Y., Feb.8, 1846. Y. C. 1776. He served as a quartermaster in the Revol. war, and was ord. by Bishop Seabury in 1785, — the first Epis. ordination in this country. Minister of Strat- ford, 1792-1824. He was a delegate to the General Convention, see. of the Diocesan Con- vention for many years, and see. of the General Convention several times. After leaving Strat- ford, he officiated at Wallingford, Meriden, North Haven, and Oxford, until 1832, when he became disabled by age. He had preached about 10,000 times, baptized 3,010, married 600 couples, and assisted at the burial of about 3,000 individuals. — Z?/ai-e. Baldwin, Chaeles H., Capt. U. S. N., b. N. Y. City, Apr. 24, 1822. Midshipm. Apr. 24, 1839; lieut. Nov. 1853; resigned, and re-en- tered navy in 1861 ; com. Nov. 18, 1862 ; capt. 1809. Served in frigate "Congress" in Mexi- can war ; com. steamer " Clifton " at the cap- ture of New Orleans, and at the first attack on Vicksburg, 1862. — Hamersli/. Baldwin, Elihc Whittlesey, Pros. Wa- bash Coll., Ind., 1835-40, b. Durham, N.Y., 25 Dec, 1789 ; d. Crawfordville, Xnd., 15 Oct. 1840. Y. C. 1812 ; And. Sem. 1817. S.T.D. Bloom. Coll. 1839. Minister 7th Presb. Ch., N. Y. City, 1 820-35. — See Memoir, by E. F. Hatjidd, <.;iiy, N.Y. 1843. Baldwin, Henry, LL.D. (1830), jurist and statesman, bro. of Abraham, b. New Haven, Ct., 1779 ; d. Phila., 21 Apr. 1844. Y. C. 1797. He became eminent at the bar, settled at Pitts- burg, Pa., was M. C. from Pa. in 1817-22, and in 1830 was made a justice of the U. S. Su- preme Court. Author of " A General View of the Origin and Nature of the Constitution and Govt, of the U. S.," Phila., 1837. Baldwin, Henry P., gov. of Michigan, 1869-71, b. Coventry, R.L, 22 Feb. 1814. He engaged in mercantile business in his youth, emigrated to Detroit in 1838, became pres. Sec- ond Nat. Bank, and was two years a State senator. Baldwin, Jedcthan, col. of engineers in the Revol. army, b. Woburn, Ms., .Jan. 13, 1732; d. Brookfield, Ms., June 4, 1788. He com. a companv in the exped. against Crown Point, Sept. is'to Nov. 27, 1755. He was ac- 56 tivc ill ;il.inninu' the works around Boston (JininL: it< iiiv. -tnieiit ; was made assist, en- ■/mr,:v, i.iiil; ,ii r;,|,t., at Cambridge, Mar. 16, 177f., :iihl i,nl(iv,l to N.Y.; placed on the contiML-iital estaliiisliinent. with rank and pay of lieiu.-col , Apr. 20, 1776, and ordered to Canada, Sept. 3, 1776; made engineer, with rank of col., and served at Ticondcroga. He was at West Point with his regt of artificers in Oet. 1780, and resigned Apr. 26, 1782. He was a prominent member of the Ms. Provincial Congress, 1774-5, and a friend of literature. He left a bequest of £100 to Leicester Acad. Baldwin, John Denison, author, editor, and M C. (1863-9), h. N. Stonington, Ct., 28 Sept. 1810. A. M. of Y. C. 1839. He studied law and theology; connected liitnself witli the press, first in Hartford, next in Boston, and afterward became proprietor of the ll'or- cedn- Spi/. Deleg. to the Chic a-o C.iuv. of 1860. Author of " RaviiHuM IIill :iii.l nihrr Poems," 1847, and " I'k !ii i \ rl ii~." Baldwin, Josei'h l , i : < ^np I't. ni Cal. 1857-63, chief-jiisii,.., | si; ; ; ,1 San Kran- cisco, 30 Sept. 1864. Autliorof " Flush Times of Alabama and Mississippi," 8vo, 18.53, and " Party Leaders," 8vo, 1855. His son Alex. VV.. U".S dist. judge for Nevada, was killed at Alameda, Cal., by a railroad accident, 15 Nov. 18r,!i, a. :)4. Baldwin, Col. Lo.^mmi, engineer, b. Wuhuru, Ms., Jan. 21, 1745; d. there Oct. 20, 1807. A descendant of Deacon Henry, one of the first settlers of Woburn. Having a good common school education, he devoted his lei- sure to the study of mathematics ; attended the lectures of Prof. Winthrop at Harvard Coll. with Benj. Thompson, afterward Count Rum- ford, and became a practical surveyor and en- gineer. A leading and active Whig of the Revol., he was a member of the county con- vention in Middlesex, held in Aug. 1774 ; en- tered the army as a major; was chosen lieut.- col. of Gerrisli's regt. June 16, 1775 ; was col. of the 26th regt. in Nov. 1775 ; served at Lex- ington, at New York, and in the surprise of the Hessians at Trenton, but left the army early in 1777, in poor health. Sheriff of Mid- dlesex Co. 1780 to 1794. Member of Ms. legisl. 1778-9 and in 1800. A principal pro- prietor of the Middlesex Canal, of which he was superintendent, 1794-1804. Member of the American Acad. His sou Loammi, engineer, b. Woburn, May 16, 1780; d. June 30^ 1838. H.U. 1800. Was often employed in public works by the govt. ; and his skill is well at- tested by the dry docks at Charlestown and Newport. Baldwin, Matthias W., a pioneer in- ventor, and builder of locomotive-engines, b. Eiizabethtown, N.J., 10 Dee. 1795 ; d. Phila., 7 Dec. 1866. He was originally a jeweller, and, while thus employed, invented a new process of gold-plating. He afterward manu- factured bookbinders' tools, and calico-printers' rolls, at which time he built his first steam- engine. In 1832, he constructed his first loco- motive for the Phila. and Germantown Rail- way, called the " Ironsides." He made many important improvements in locomotive-engines, and, in Aug. 1842, patented the flexible truck locomotive. He was a member of the Const. Conv. of 1837, and of the State legisl. in 1853. Many years pres. of the Phila. Hortic. Soc. Baldwin, Roger Sherman, LL. D. (Y. C. 1845), lawyer and senator, b. N. Haven, Jan. 4,1793; d. there Feb. 19, 1863. Y.C. 1811. Son of Judge Simeon by a dau. of Roger Sherman. He studied at the Litchfield Law School; began practice at N. Haven in 1814; soon became eminent in the ])rolession ; was State senator in 1837, and prcs. jn-oti-m. in 1838; representative in 1840-1; gov. of Ct. 1844-6; US. senator, lS47-r.I : and a mem- ber of the Peace Co;i-n>s ill Fi h. ISiil, oppos ing the projected amriiilinents to tlir Constitu- Johu Baldwin, Simeon, jurist, father of the preceding, b. Norwich, Ct., 14 Dec. 1761 ; d. New Haven, 26 Mav, 1851. Y.C. 1781. Tu- tor at Yale in 1781-6; admitted to the N. Haven bar, acquired an extensive practice ; was clerk of the District and Circuit Courts in 1790-1803; M.C. 1803-5; judge of the State Supreme Court, 1806-17, and of the Court of Errors ; pres. of the Boaid of Corns, to locate the Farmington Canal in 1822-30, and mayor of the city of New Haven in 1 826. Baldwin, Thomas, D.D. (Un. Coll 1803), Baptist clergyman, b. Norwich, Ct., 23 Dec. 1753; d. WaterviUe, Me., 29 Aug. 1825. With little early education, he became, by dili- gent effort, an eminent preacher, and the head of his sect in N. E. Ord. 11 June, 1783, at Canaan, N.H., and in Nov. 1790, over ihu Second Church, Boston. Prominent in the establishment of WaterviUe Coll., Me., 1820, and Columb. Coll., D.C., 1821. He began the Amer. Bapt. Mag. in 1803 ; was sole editor until 1817, and senior editor till his d. Several times a member of the legisl., and mem- ber of the State Const. Conv. of 1820. Author of " Baptism of Believers only," 1806, and a number of sermons. Balfour, Nisbet. a British gen., b. Edin- burgh, 1743; d. Denbigh, Co. Fife, Oct. 10, 1823. Son of an auctioneer and bookseller of Edinburgh. Entering the service as an ensign in the 4th Foot in 1761, he obtained a company in 1770; was wounded at the battle of Bunker's Hill in 1775, and again in the action at the landing on Long Island ; was at the cap- ture of Brooklyn, and at the taking of New York in 1776, on which occasion he was sent home by the com.-in-chief with despatches, and received, in consequence, the brev. of maj. Nov. 19, 1776. He was present in the action near F.lizabethtown, N.J., in the spring of 1777; in the engagements of Brandywine and Germantown ; at the siege of Charlestown, and served, under Lord Cornwallis, part of the campaign after the surrender of the latter place. He was com. at Charleston in 1781, and caused 57 BAl. Col. Isaac Hayne's execution, an act of un- justifiable cruelty. He was app. lieut.-col 23d Foot in 1778, col. and aide-de-camp to the king in 1782; attained the rank of maj.-gen. in 1793; served in Flanders and Holland in 1794 ; liecame lieut.-gen. in 1798, and gen. in 1803. — Gent's Mag. 1823. Balfour, Walter, Universalist clergy- man, b. St. Miniaus, Scotland, 1777; d. Charlestown, Ms., where he had long been settled, 3 Jan. 18.52. Educated a Presbyte- rian, he came to the U. S. at the a;;e of 20 ; acquired popularity as an extempore speaker; became a Baptist at 30. and a 1 him r-.ili^i Mi years later, by reading Prof Stient^ 1- tii i i.i Dr. Channing. He pub. " IiKiniiie- i '..n- cerning the Devil," and " Scriptural Import of the Words transhued Hell," 1824; "The State of the Dead," 1833; "Reply," and "Letters to Prof. Stuart," " Letters to Hud- son," and other controversial works. Ball, Dyer, M.D., clergyman and mis- sionary, b. W. Boylston, Ms., June 3, 1796 ; d. Canton, China, March 27, 1866. Un. Coll. 1826. He studicdat Phillips Acad., and at Yale, hut was obliged to go South for his health. After a theological course at N. Haven and Andover, he was licensed to preach in 1828, and ord. in 1831 He taught school in St. Au- gustine, Fla., and was a missionary and teacher in the South until 1837 ; having also the degree of M. D. from the medical institution in Charleston. He sailed for Singapore, May 25, 1838; labored there two years; went to Macao in June, 1841 ; removed to Hong Kong in April, 1843, where he lost his first wife; and in 184.i removed to Canton, where he again m., and passed the remainder of his life in mis- .sionary, medical, and educational labor. For many years he printed a Chinese Almanac. He visited the U. S. in 1854-7. Ball, Epheaim, inventor of the Ohio Reaper and Mower, b. Stark Co., O., 1812. Passed his youth without the advantages of even a common-school education. In 1840, he began to make ploughs ; and " Ball's Blue Ploughs " became a success. He subsequent- ly associated with himself, in this business, Cornelius Aultman and Lewis Miller, whose large establishment at Canton, O., became widely known. " The Ohio Mower " appeared in 1854, and was patented in 1856; and in 1858 the "Buckeye" machine was brought out, which attained a large popularity. Ball, Thomas, sculptor, b. Charlestown, Ms., June3, 1819. Po.ssessing a fine bass voice, lie sang solo parts in oratorios in Boston. His first art attempts were at portraits. Among his best pictures are those of Mrs. Barrett the actress, and a full length of Webster. He has executed, in marble, busts of Webster, Choate, Jonas Chiekering ; statuettes of Lincoln, Web- ster, and Clay ; full-length statues of Webster and Everett, and an equestrian statue of Wash- ington in the Boston Public Garden. He has also prod,nced ideal statues of Eve, Pandora, Truth, and the Shipwrecked Sailor-Boy. In Feb. 1871, his statue of John A. Andrew was placed in the State House, Boston. — Tucker- Ballard, Maj. Bland, b. Fredericksburg, Va., Oct. 16, 1761 ; d. Shelby Co., Ky., Sept. 5,1853. He went to Ky. in" 1779, and took part in many of the Indian conflicts of those days. As maj. of Ky. Vols., he led the advance against the British and Indians at the River Raisin, and was wounded, and taken prisoner. He was often chosen to the Ky. legisl. Ballard, Edward, D.D. (Trin. Coll. 1865), Pr.-Ep. clergyman, sec. Nil. Hist. Soc, h. Hopkinton, N.H., 1805; d. Brunswick, Me., Nov. 14, 1870. Formerly a schuulteaelier, latterly rector of St. I'muI's church, Brunswick. Dr. Il.'u.i u.,1 i,r .1 111 the Indian lansua.'cs. Ballard, Henry E., com. U.S. Navy, b. Kd., 1785; d. Annapolis, Md., Mtiy 23, 1855. Son of Maj. Ballard of the Rev. army. Mid- shipman, Nov. 2, 1804; lieut. April 2"6, 1810; master, April 27, 1816; Capt. March 3, 1825. Lieut, in the frigate " Constitution " in theaction with the "Cyane" and "Levant," Feb. 20, 1815. Ballou, Hosea, a prominent Univ. min- ister, b. Richmonil, N.H., Apr. 30, 1771; d. Boston, June 7, 1852. Ho was one of six sons of Rev. Matiirin Billon, a Baptist minister, of whom 15. nj aiei I )avid, as well as the sub- ject of tin. 111 iiiMM, alterwards became Univ. jireachcrs. lll^ I, r 'ir. who had a large family, received iiu salary tur preaching, and was ex- tremely poor. As there were no schools in his native town, nor pen, ink, nor writing-pa- per in his father's house, he was obliged to be his own teacher, to substitute birch-bark for paper, and to u.se charcoal in place of pen and ink. By perseverance, he enabled himself to read and write at the age of 16. He began to preach when ab. 21, and labored principally in R. I., but subsequently in various portions of N.E. In 1794, he settled at Dana, Ms. Atthe age of 30, he removed to Vt. to oificiate in Woodstock, Hartland, Bethel, and Barnard. He there wrote his popular " Notes on the Parables," 1804, and " Treatise on the Atone- ment." In 1807, he became pastor of the Univ. society in Portsmouth, N.H., where he disting. himself by his controversial writings; and in 1815 removed to Salem, Ms. He was installed pastor of the 2d Univ. society in Bos- ton, Dec. 17, 1817, where ho labored over 35 years. He commenced the Uiiivericdist Macja- zinem 1819, conducted for a few years solely by himself, and afterwards by Rev. Thos. Whittemore. Besides the works already named are a series of 26 lecture sermons, and 20 select sermons; "An Examination of the Doctrine of Future Retribution," 1846. His essays, fugitive sermons, and other pub. works, it is estimated would make 100 12mo vols. In 1831, he commenced with his nephew, Rev. Hosea Ballou, 2d. a quarterly publication, en- titled the Universalist Expositor, which he ed- ited two years, and continued a contributor to till his death. A vol. of his fugitive verses consists mostly of hymns, many of which are included in the " Universalist Collection," by- Adams and Chapin. A Life by his son, M. M. Ballou, has been pub., also by Thos. Whitte- more, 2 vols. 8vo, 1854. 58 BallOU, IIosKA, 2.1, D.D. (II. r. 1S44), Univ. clergyman and author, b. llalitMX, Vt., Oct. 18, 1796; d. Somerville, Ms., Mav 27, 1861. Grandson of Benj., elder bro. of Rev. Hosea Ballou of Boston. He received his early education at Halifax, Vt. About 1813, he was settled as pastor of Stafford, Ct., where he continued 4 or 5 years. July 29, 1821, he was installed pastor of the church at Eoxbury, where he remained until June, 1838, when he was installed at Medford, Ms. In May, 1853, he was choocn first pres. of Tufts Coll., Som- erville, Ms., which he hn.l Iktii aitlvc in es- tablishing, and after vi>-iiiiiL: l.iii.i[,i, ami ex- aminin.!^ the colleges tluiv, ,,ii hi^ i. mni, Aug. 22, 1855, entered upon In- .Inta- In May, 1822, he became one ul ih Iii..r~ dl the L'liirerS'Uist Magazine (imw ih' /',/,/;../ 1. ami in Jnlv, 18.30, iii connn-i,,,,, wi li K-v IIom.m Balloil. sen., hecomn.cnr,.lil,r|,uliliraiio,i „f the r / /;.7",.v;to-, which ho edited inan\ i- I : iliit title and the title of the 7 . , ' ': uurly. In 1829, he pub. "The Anen ni lliMury of Universalism," and a colleetion of psalms and hymns for the use of Univ. societies and families, 1837. lie ed- ited Sismondi's " Historv of the Crusades " 12mo, Bost., 1833. Ballou, M.4.TDRIN M., b. Boston, 1822, son of Rev. Hosea, editor and proprietor of Ballnu's Pictorial and the Flaq of our Union. Author of " History of Cuba," 1854, "Biog- raphy of Rev. Hosea Ballou," and " Lite- Story of Hosea Ballou," a juvenile work. Baltimore, Lord, see Calvert, George. Bancroft, Aaron, D.D., a Unitarian minister, b. Reading, Ms., Nov. 10, 1755; d. Worcester, Ms., Aug. 19, 1839. H. U. 1778. D.D. 1810. Though his studies were much interrupted by the Revol., he became one of the most accomplished scholars of the country. He shouldered a musket as a volunteer at Lexington and Bunker's Hill. After spending some time in teaching, he studied theology, was licensed to preach, and spent three years as a missionary in Yarmouth, N.S. Feb. 1, 1786, he was settled in Worcester, where he spent the residue of his life. He was a pio- neer in liberal Christianity, and took an ac- tive part in associations, conventions, and ec- clesiastieal councils. He pub. a " Eulogy on Washington "in 1800, " Life of Washington " in 1807, and in 1822 a vol. of controversial sermons. He delivered, Jan. 1, 1836, a dis- course on the 50 years of his ministry at Wor- cester, which has been printed with historical notes. He was in straitened pecuniary circum- stances in the early part of his career, and, in the last years of his life, he was oppressed by severe domestic afflictions. Member of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. Father of Hon. George Bancroft, LL. D. Bancroft, Dr. Edward, political and scientific writer, b. Westfield, Ms., Jan. 9, 1744 ; d. Eng. 8 Sept. 1820. Pres. Adams, in his autobiography, says that Bancroft had been a pupil of Silas Deane when the latter was a school-teacher; after some education, he was apprenticed to a trade, from which he ran away, and went to sea in debt to his master ; returned successful, and compensated his em- plover in'Gu dence " Natu Lon ing the 11 recommen tors of th. to review In this lal ish Gu 1, 111, ma ."a wc .rk of mer- IM rCha irles W( cntworth." ■ist ianit V was V ilified. He Re ■y. Cbll. of Phvsicians, th c Ru V. Soci. Hv. Gain- ^' . r.' aliklill, the latter id proprie- l-r win ani he was In the le.rii rcrt-ianuth .loekvanl, lie He,l to Passy. lie lie 11 went 1.1 V.m< to meet Siias Deane, aail ien,|,.,- a>-istaliee t.i tlie .\,„,,. eause. He liail ]iieviuii,-lv jaiK. a vol 111 Mippiirt of Amer. colonial ri-hts, entitled " Remarks on the Re- view of the Controversy between Great Bri- tain anil her Colonies," Lund., 1 769, written by Win. Kno.x. He had "a clear head and a good pen, and wrote some pieces relative to the connection between France and Amer., which were translated, and printed in a work, entitled Affaires de I'Aiif/leterre et de I'Am^rique." Bancroft the historian accuses him of being a spy in the pay of the British Government, and of making a dupe of Deane, who showed him all his instructions and correspondence. After the peace, he obtained a patent in France for the exclusive importation of the bark of the yellow oak, for the dyers, and afterward pro- cured a similar patent in Ens;., by which he is said to have nae/.t imh, ;, year. In 1794, he pub. the 111 -I I . liniental Research- es conceniiii_ I' phv of Permanent Colors,"&c., lullunul Lv a .-ecund in 1813. He never returned tu America. Bancroft, George, LL. D., historian and politician, b. Worcester, Ms., Oct. 3, 1800. H. U. 1817. Son of Rev. Aaron Bancroft. He studied at the German universities, and re- ceived at Gottingen, in 1820, the degree of Ph. D. Returning to Amer. in 1822, he officiated one year at Harvard as tutor of Greek. In 1823, in conjunction with Dr. J G. Cogswell, he established the Round Hill School at North- ampton, as a preparatory school for collegiate instruction. He began at this time collecting materials for a history of the U. S., the first vol. of which appeared in 1834, and the 9th 1866. In 1826, in an oration at Northampton, he declared himself for universal suffrage and uncompromising democracy. In 1835, he draft- ed an address to the people of Ms., at the re- quest of the young men's Democ. Convention, and was active as a public speaker, and in drawing up political resolutions and addresses. In 1838-41, he was collector of Boston, and was a frequent orator in political assemblies. In 1844, he was the Democ. candidate for gov. of Ms., but was not elected. In 1845, he en- tered Mr. Polk's cabinet as sec. of the navy, signalizing his administration by the establish- ment of the naval school at Annapolis. In 1846-9, he was minister-plcnipo. to Great Bri- tain, and occupied '.litiiself in perfecting his col- lections on Amer. history. He also brought 59 B^:v ab. changes in the British navigation laws fa- vorable to Amcr. commerce. App. minister to Prussia in 18G7, and has negotiated a treaty with ihe N. Germ. Confcd., by which German naturalized citizens of the U. S. are released from allegiance to the government of their na- tive country. In 182.3, he pub. a translation of IlriTon's " Politico of ATicicnt GiCL'ce." :.:; , -.. .-.;,.,;,:,—. 1 i I - ; ', I • l'':)V, ot ihvlu.J nuiJ,, hu.i .1 duclurul civil law; and in that year he returned tu tlie U. S. A small vol. of poems pub. at Boston in 1823 witnesses to the poetical enthusiasm with which he traversed the ruins of Italy and the sublime scenery of Switzerland. lie was a contrib. to the N. A. Review. He has filled the office of pros, of the Amer. Geographical Society, and is adisting member of the Ethno- logical and N. Y. Historical Societies. Mr. Bancroft has also pub. an abridgment of his history. In Oct. 1855, he delivered an address on the site of the battle of King's Mountain, S.C. ; another. Sept 10, 1860, at the inaugura- tion of the statue of C im. Perry at Cleve- land, O. ; a eulogium on Prescott the historian, in 1859, before the N.Y. Hist. Society, and in Mar. 1866, delivered a eulogy on Pres. Lin- coln, before both houses of Congress. Bangs, Nathan, D.D., Methodist minis- ter, and scholar, b. Stratford, Ct., May 2, 1778; d. N. Y. City, May 1, 1862. He com- menced business-life asaschoolmasterand land- surveyor, making a tour in Upper Canada, and continued these occupations until, in 1801, he entered the itinerant ministry of the Methodist Church. In the discharge o'f this function he travelled in Canada 7 years, and, returning to the U. S. in 1808 had charge of several circuits, stations, and districts, until 1820, when he was elected agent and editor of the Methodist Book Concern. He was in 182S- 32 editor of the Chrislinn Advocate and Jour- nal, the Quartrrltj Review, and also of the books issued from the establishment in 1832-36. He was cor. see. of the missionary society of the M.E. Church in 1836-+1 ; pres. of the Wes- leyan Univ. at Middletown, Ct., 1841-3; then took charge of different churches in N. Y. and Brooklyn, for 10 years. Author of " The Er- rors of Hopkinsianism,'' " Predestination Exam- ined," " Reformer Reformed," "Life of Garret- son," " History of the Methodist-Episcopal Church," "History of Missions," 1832, "An Original Cliurch of Christ," "Emancipa- tion," " Letters on S.inctification," " State Prospects and Responsibilities of the M. E. Church," "Life of Arminius," "Scriptural Vindication of the M. E. Church," 1820. Banister, John, naturalist, b. Eng. ; d. Va., 1693. He came from the \V. Indies to Va , and settled near Jamestown. Formerly a clergy- man, he devoted himself here to botanical pur- suits, in which he was long and successfully engaged. Hefellavictim tohisfavoritepursuit, being killed by a fall while climbing some rocks in one of his botanical excursions. He was at the time engaged upon a work on the natural history of Va. In 1680, he sent a catalogue of plants to the naturalist Ray, who pub. them in the 2d vol. of his work. Amon^ his pubs, were " Observations on the Natural Productions of Jamaica," " The Insects of Virginia," 1700, " Curiosities in Virginia," "Observations on the Unseen Lupus," "On Several Sorts of Snails," " A Description of the Pistolochia or Serpentaria Virginiana, the Snakeroot." Banister, Col. John, b. Va. ; d. near Hatcher's Run, Uinwiddie Co., Va., 1787. Educated in Eng., and studied law at the Temple. Member of all the patriotic conventions of the Revol. period ; col. in the Va. line ; member of the Assemlily, and of the Continental Con- gress in 1778-9' and one of the frainers of the Articles of Contc.l.Tnti,.!, In IT.Sl.hewas lieut.-coi. of cav. n.i I. I C u 1 i >vM,n, and, dur- ing the invasion ^ \ : , \ I' in repelling the enemy, and 1- ; , ::y. For spe- cimens of his hti 1.;, , ,.!,...L. ,, ,,ec the Bland Papers, and al-o Siiaik-s llcvol. Corresp. — Gri,jsh,i,aiull\u,n,'-irs Va. Bankhead,JAME<,l)rev.brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Va., 17Sy ; d. Baltimore, Md.,Nov. 11, 1856. Son of James Ban khead of Port Royal, planter and Revol. off., who d Aug. 1840. App. capt. 5th Inf. 18 June, 1808 ; brigade maj. to Gen. Smyth, 1812 ; assist, adj.-gen. 5 Mar. 1813 ; maJ. 4th Inf 15 Aug 1813; adj-gen. Sept. 9, 1813; lieut.-col. 3d Art. Apr. 26, 1832; brev. col. " for meritorious conduct in campaigns in Florida," July 7, 1838; col. 2d Art. Sept. 16, 1838; brev. brig -gen. " for gallant and meri- torious conduct at the siege of Vera Cruz," Mar. 29, 1847 ; com. dept. of Orizaba, Mex., Jan. 1848, and at the time of his death com. the military depart, of the east. His son John P. Bankhe.^d, capt. U S. N., b. S.C. ; d. Aden, at the mouth of the Red Sea, Apr. 27, 1867. He com. the famous "Monitor," which foundered in a gale off Cape Hatteras on the night of Dec. 30, 1862; com. "The Pembina" at the capture of Port Royal, and " The Florida " at the capture of Fernandina. He entered the navy 10 Aug. 1838. Banks, John, lawyer, b Juniata Co., Pa., 1793; d. Reading, Pa., Apr. 3, 1864. Received a classical education. Adm. tothebarin 1819, and practised in the western part of the State; M. C. 1831-6; pres. judge 3d judicial dist. 18.36-47; State treasurer in 1847. Banks, Nathaniel Pkentiss, statesman, b. Walthain, Ms., 30 Jan. 1816. His parents were operatives in a factory. With only a common srh.iul odiuation, he applied himself earnestly ■■• ~:\iA\ ili. d anewspaperin Wal- tham', mi • ! i: Lowell; studied law; became :! h speaker, and, during Polk's a;;n , -:ri[ , held an office in the Boston cu>tom house. Member of Ms. legisl. 1849; speaker in 1851-2, and a prominent advocate of the coalition between the Demo- crats and Freesoilers, by which the Whig as- cendency in Ms. was terminated ; pres. of the State Const. Conv. of 1853; M. C. 185.3-7, separating from his party on the question of slavery, and, after a protracted contest, chosen speaker of the house in 1855 ; gov. of Ms. in 1858-61 ; pres. of the Illinois Central Rail- road when the Rebellion began, and, offering ■ to Pres. Lincoln, was made maj.- 60 gen. 15 May, 1861, and app. to com. the An- napolis military district, and subsequently that of the Shenandoah. 24 May, 1862, he was attacked by Stonewall Jackson, and compelled to make a rapid retreat. He com. a corps under Gen. Pope in the battle of Cedar Moun- tain, Va., 9 Au.;., 1862, and in Dec. succeeded Gen. Butler in com. of the dept. of La. He took Opelousas in Apr. 1863, after defeating the enemy, and capturing 2,000 prisoners, and Alexandria in May, 1 863. His capture of Port Hudson, s.Jiilv, 180:3, o|)rneil the navigation of the .\|:-.|.m".'.., .,;, I ;,al i.ii|il. Ml imii, re- pulsing him 9 Apr. iU ricasant Hill. He w.is relieved from com. in May, 1864. .\I. C. since 1865, and chairman of the com. of foreign relation^. He is less eminent in debate than as a presiding officer. Banneker, Benjamin, a negro astron- omer, b. Md., Nov. 9, 1731 ; d. Baltimore, Oct. 1806. Of African descent, ho learned to read and write of his maternal -I. Mi.li), .i.n .,;, white woman, who liberated a:i 1 "t iicr slaves. While employ..! :l;.iial labor, he taught himself m 1 1 !, );i.ii i. ■ ami as- tronomy, and made the ucees^ary calculations for, and" from 1792, for many years, pub., al- manacs for Md. and the adjoining States. In 1792, he pub. a letter addressed to Jefferson, the sec. of State. He assisted Ellioottin lay- ing out the city of Washington, and in running the boundary-lines of the District of Columbia, and was complimented for his scientific ac- quirements by (-ondorcet, sec. of the French Acad, of Sciences, to whom Thomas Jefferson had sent one of Banneker's Almanacs. — See Memoir by. T. H. B.Lalrobe, ISib , and lii/ J. i'. Norris, 18r)4, pub. by the Md.JIist. Soc. Fee " ^ -^ . • touching at Bata the clii 3ved fatal jio;/. KEDERic, D.D., R.C. bishop of Marquette and Sault Ste. Marie, b. Dobernich, Austria, 1797 ; d. Marquette, Jan. 19, 1868. He settled at Sault Ste. M. before 1838. Con- secrated bishop Nov. 1, 18.53. Made bishop of Sault Ste. M., Jan. 9, 18.i7, and of Mar- quette and S. S. M., Oct. 15, 1865. Author of " Grammar of the Otchipwe Language," Detroit, 12mo, 1851; "Dictionary of the Otchipwe Language," Cinoin., 18.53. Baranov (ba-ra'nof), Alexandre Andre ViTH, gov. of Russian America, d. Apr. 1819, a. 73. At first a Siberian merchant, he embarked, in Aug. 1790, for the Island of Kodiak, and, immediately upon his arrival, opened a trade with the natives. In 1796, he established a mercantile colony at Behring's Strait, and, in 1799, he took possession of the large Island of Sitka. He had many natural obstacles to overcome ; but his efforts were as- sisted by the Russian company ; and he ob- tained from the Emperor Alexander a title of nobility. After having lost, and again recover- ing in Oct. 1804, the fortress of the Isle of Sitka, he established there an important factory, and transacted business with Canton, Manilla, Boston, N.Y., and Cal. ; and he even founded a small colony in the vicinity of San Francisco. He withdrew from the field of his labors in 1818, but did not revisit his country ; for, Barbe, M.iruuis, see Marbois. Barber, Col. Francis, Revol. officer, b. Princeton, N J., 1751 ; d. Jan. 11, 1783. N.J. Coll. 1767. He became in 1769 rector of the acad., and pastor of the Presb. Cbnrch, at Elizabethtown, N.J,, and had among his pupils Alexander Hamilton. Resigning these posts, he was, in Feb. 1776, commissioned by Con- gress major of the 3d N.J. batt. ; lieut.-col. in Nov., and subsequently assist, insp.-gen. under Baron Steuben. He served at Trenton, Prince- ton, Brandywine, Germantown, and Mon- mouth, where he was severely wounded ; in 1779, he was adj.-gen. in Sullivan's Indian exped., and was wounded in the battle of Newtown. He was engaged in the battle of Springfield, and in' 1781 was intrusted with the delicate and important duty of suppress- ing the revolt of the Pa. and N.J. troops, in which he was successful. He was with the army at Newburgh in 1783; and, on the same day 'that Washington announced to the army the conclusion of the treaty of peace. Col. Barber was killed by the falling of a tree while rilling along the skirt of a wood. Two younger bros., John and William, were officers in the N.J. line. Barber, John Warner, historian, b. Windsor, Ct., 1798. Has pub. " History and Antiquities of New Haven," 12mo, 1831; "Religions Events," 12mo, 1832; "Historical Colls." of Connecticut, 8vo, 1836, Massachu- setts, 8vo, 1839, and New Jersey, 1844, Vir- ginia, 1814, Ohio, 1847, and New York, in connection with H. Howe. He has also pub. "Incidents in Amer. Hist." 12mo, 1847; "Elements of Gen. Hist." 16mo, 1844; "Re- ligious Emblems and Allegories," 12mo, 1848 ; "European Hist. Colls." 8vo, 1855; " History and Antiquities of N. E., N.Y., and N.J.," 8vo, 1841 ; " Our whole Country, Historical and Descriptive," 8vo, Cincin., 1861 ; "Hist. Scenes in the U. S." 1827, and, in connection with Eliz. G. Barber, "Historical, Poetical, and Pictorial American Scenes," 12mo, 1850. Barber, Jonathan, M.D., elocutionist, b. Eng., 1784 ; d. near Montreal, May 11, 1864. He practised medicine at Scarborough, and after- ward at London successfully ; came to the U.S. ab. 1820 ; devoted himself to teaching elocution at Yale and Harvard Colleges ; then lectured on phrenology extensively; went to Canada in 1842; resumed medical practice there as a homceopathist in 1845, and was afterward prof, of oratory in the McGill U., Montreal. He pub. several works on elocution. Barbour, James, statesman, b. Orange Co., Va , June 10, 1775; d. there June 8, 1842. Son of Col. Thomas. He obtained a limited education while serving as a dep. sheriff; be- gan to practise law at 19, and first disting. himself as a member, and then as speaker, of the Va. House of Delegates. Participating in every important debate, he ably vindicated the resolutions of Mr. Madison in 1798, and was the proposer of the anti duelling law, — one of the most stringent and effective Icgisl. acts ever passed. Gov. of Va. 1812-14; U. S. senator, 1815-25; sec. of war, 1825-8; and niiii; ' ■•• "" i:. I'l 1328-9; pros, of the Har- li'.: :i in 1839. In the senate, he t"iivi^'ii artairs, and ultimately pres. pro tem. Barbour, John S., politician, h. Culpep- er Co., Va., An-. 8, 1790; d. there Jan. 12, 1855. Son of Mordecai, a Kevol. officer. He was at William and Mary Coll. in 1808-9; then studied law with his relative Gov. B. ; and, in the War of 1812, was aide to Gen. Madison. He was a member of the State legisl.; M.C. 1823-33; again in tlie Va. Icgisl. in 1333-4, and was prominent and influential in the public affairs of Va. and of the U.S. Ho was of the State Bights school, and was an able debater. One of his best speeches in Congress was de- livered in defence of McDuffie's proposition to break up tlie system of voting for President by States, and establish a uniform system of vot- ing bv districts. Member of the Const. Conv. of ls'2y-30. Barbour, Philip Pen'dleton, jurist aul I : > M Sdii of Col. Thomas, a Ilevol. I,,;; , . Co., Va., Mav25, 1783; d. W.i , I.I h < ., Feb. 24, 1841. He was a Va. his I 14, and cknowl- M.C.. ctlged leader of the " war party 1814-2.') and 1827-33; an opponent of public improvements being made by Congress, and of a tariff, and sustained the Southern side of the Mo. question. Speaker of the house in 1821 ; judge of one of the Va. courts in 1825-7 ; pres. of the Va. Const. Conv. in 1829 ; pres. of the Free Trade Conv. in Phila in 1831 ; jud.ge of the U.S. Circuit Court for tlie eastern district of Va. in 1829-36; and asso. judge of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1836-41. Barcena (bar-tha'-na;, Alfonso, a Span- ish missionary to S. America, b. Cordova ; d. 1398. lie wrote for the use of the natives, and in their language, some religious and edu- cational works. Barcia de (bar-thee'-a), Andre.4^ Gon- zalez, who lived about 1700, was author of "AGener.d History of Florida," and "First Historians of the West Indies." Barclay, Henry, D.D. (Oxf. U. 1761), Pr.-Ep. rector of Trinity Church, N.Y. City, from Oct. 1746 to his death, 20 Aug. 1764; b. Albany. Y. C. 1734. He took' orders in Eng. 30 Jan. 1738, and was some years a mis- sionary to the Mohawk Indians. The transla- tion of the church Liturgy into the Mohawk, under his direction and that of l?evs. N. An- drews and J. Ogilvie, was pub. in 1769. Barclay, J. T., M.D., b. Hanover C. H., Va., 1807. Three and a half years a missionary to Jerusalem, and since 1858 a permanent resident there. Has pub. " The City of the Great King ; or, Jerusalem as it was, as it is, and is to be," Phila., 8vo. 1837; "Map of Jerusalem and Environs," N.Y., 1856 Barclay, R. H. capt. H. N.-, com. of the British fleet in the battle on Lnke Erie, b Scotland ; d. Edinburgh, May 8, 1837. He had served with Nelson, lost an arm at Trafal^jar, and assumed the com. on the lake in May, 1813. He fitted out the naval which he afterward com., and displayed great energy and activity. His fleet, however, owing to the scarcity of sailors, was |)oorly manned, and in the ol)Stinate battle of the 10th of Sept. this deficiency, together with the superior weight of metal in the Amcr. fleet, compelled the surrender of Barclay and his entire force. He was dangerously wounded, and his remain- ing arm rendered useless. A trial by court- marshal resulted in his honorable acquittal. — Bard, John, phy.sician.b. Burlington. N.J., Feb. 1, 1716; d. Hyde Park, N.Y., Mar. 30, 1799 He was of a family which the edict of Nantes had driven from France. Peter, his father, came to Md., a merchant, in 1703, bnt soon moved to N. J., where he was many years a privy-councillor and second judge of the Supremo Court. He received the rudiments of a classical education at Phila. ; was seven years a surgeon's apprentice there, and began a lasting friendship with Dr. Franklin. He established himself in New York in 1746, and soon ranked among the most skilful in his profession. In 1750, he assisted Dr. Middle- ton in the first recorded dissection in America. In 1759, he was app. to take measures to pre- vent the spread of ship-fever, and selected Bedloe's Island for a hospital, of which he took charge. In 1778, he withdrew from the city; but, after the Revol., he resumed practice there, and in 1788 became first pres. of the N.Y. Medical Society. In 1795, when the yellow-fever raged in New York, Dr. Bard, though near 80, remained at his post, but gave up practice in May, 1798. He left an essay on malignant pleurisy, and several pa- pers on the yellow-fever, pub. in the Amer- ican Medical Register. Bard, S.imuel,M.D. (U.of Edinb. 1765), T.L.D. (N. J. Coll. 1815), physician, son of Dr. John, b. Phila., 1 Apr. 1742; d. 24 May, 1821. On his passage to Edinburgh, where he studied medicine, he was cajitured by the Freni-h (Sept. 1761 ), and owed his release, five months later, to Dr. Franklin, then living in London. After a tour through Scotland and Eng , he returned home in 1767, having gained the annual medal given by Prof. Hope for the best collection of plants. He began practice in New York with his father; organized a med- ical school, which was united to King's Coll., in which he took the chair of physio In 1769, subsequently becoming dean of the faculty. He m. his cousin Mary Bard in 1770, pur- chased his father'.s establishment and business in 1772, and in 1793 took Dr. Ilo^ack into partnership. In 1774, he gave a course of clinical lectures ; caused the establishment of a public hospital in 1791, of which he was app. visiting physician ; and in 1813 was app. pres. of the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons. While the seat of govt, was in N.Y. Citv, he was Washington's family phvsician. In 1708, he retired to his eoiintry-soat in N.J.. but. on the approach of the yellow tVvcr, returned to his post. He took the disease, but, nursed by his faithful wife, soon recovered, lie was a skilful horticulturist, as well as an eminent physician. Besides addresses and discourses, he pub. " The Shepherd's Guide;" de Viri- bus Opii, 1765 ; on Anguia Suffomtu-a, in vol. I. Amer. Phil. Trans., and " Compendium of Midwifery," 1807 .— See Life, byJohnMcVicar, 1S22. Barker, Jacob, financier, b. Swan island, Kennebec Co., Me., 7 Dec. 1779. He was of a Quaker family, connected, on his mother's side, with the mother of Dr. Franklin. At 16 he went to New York, soon began to trade on his own account, and at 21 was the owner of four ships and a brig, and engaged in large transactions. He became a State senator, and, when sitting in the Court of Errors, delivered an opinion in an insurance case in opposition to that of Judge Kent, and was sustained by the court. His ships were all captured during the War of 1812. He established the Union newspaper to advocate the election of Gov. Clinton ; started the Exchange Bank in 181.'5; became largely concerned in stocks, and, on (he failure of the " Life and Fire Insurance Co.," was indicted with others for conspiracy to defraud. He defended himself ably, and the trial win (|uasliiil ; but public conHdence WM- ^[i.ikrii, ;ini| li ■ ivin.iMd \i> N.'iv Oileans ill i I 1 I : ;i I : . [[■■•■ !i ;r, :inil became a I" ■ : . i '- ' : i ; ihriv ; hut tllC l!''l'' '1 ^i-u:l,! ,:;,,,,, ■,, in u|.(„il,i.n,andin Dec. lsi;7, at the age of 88, he was again in bankruptcy. — See incidents of his Life, 1800- .■55, N.Y., 1855. D. Phila. Ti.c. 27, 1871. Barker, James Nelson, soldier, author, politician, b. Phila., June 17, 1784 ; d. Wash- ington, D.C., Mar. 9, 1858. Son of Gen. John. He was a brave officer in the War of 1S12, in which he gained the rank of major; was alderman in 1817, and mayor of Phila. in 1820; collector of that port in 1829-38; comptroller of the U.S. treas. 1838 to 1858. In 1814, he was severely wounded in a duel, and was assist, adj.-gen. 4th milit. district, from 1814 to 1817. Ho wrote two dramas, "Marmion," and the "Indian Princess ; " " Superstition," a tragedy ; the comedy of " Smiles and Tears," and a poem called "The Sisters." He was a contrib. to the public journals of Phila. and Washington. His poem " Little Ked Kiding Hood" is in " Gris- wold's Poets and Poetry of America." " Sketch of the Primitive Settlements on the River Del- Phil 1827 Barker, John, D.D., pres. of Alleghany Coll., -McadviUe, Pa.; d. there Feb. 26, I860. Barksdale, William, brig.-gen. C S.A., b. Rutlierford Co., Tenn., Aug. 21, 1821 ; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. He studied at the Nashville U.; removed to Co- lumbus, Mpi.; was adm. to the bar, where he practised successfully, and, while editing the Democrat sustained the principle of State Rights. During the Mexican war, he served in the 2d Mpi. Vols. In 1851, he was a mem- ber of the State convention to discuss the compromises of 18.50. From 1853 be was a leading State Rights member of Congress of the Democ. party, until the war broke out; when he left his seat, and joined the Confed. army. He assisted Brooks in his assault upon Senator Sumner. At the head of the 13th Mpi. Regt., he took part in the various cam- paigns of Va., attained the rank of brig.-gen., and com. the 3d brig.ade of Early's division, Ewell's corps. Barlow, Francis Channing, maj.-gen. vols., b. Brooklyn, N.Y., Oct. 19, 1834. H. U. 1855. First in his class. He studied law, began practice in N.Y. City, was for a time connected with the Tribune, and, in Apr. 1861, became a private in tln' 12tli X.Y. Ucgt., in which he served tln>i' iimmiiIi , n iu^r to 1st lieut. He then I... , ,, ii .. i;ist N.Y. Vols., and.diirinu'i I . ■ ■ \ ; l.i.nvn, col , distinguishing liiin-i ii -.w 1 ,, i i, ; - In the retreat from the Cliiikali':., ■ .liii]<> River, his regt. rendered im, ■ - >. At Antietam, Sept. 17, ISii:;, ino stands of colors and 300 pn-.n, i. i,.i;\,,l two severe wounds, and was carried off tlie fiehl for dead. Sept. 19, he was a|ip. brig.- gen. for disting. conduct at the battle of Fair Oaks, June I, 1862. He com. a brigade of Howard's div. at the battle of Chanccllors- ville. May 2, 1863. At Gettysburg, be was again severely wounded. In Grant's cam- paign of 1864' he captured the whole division of Gen. Johnston ; com. a divi^imi at tlir bat- tles of the Wilderness, Spoii^v h ama. ami the assault on Petersburg. In ihr jiii il -hnjiu'le and pursuit ofLee's routeil army, he lenh led essential service. Secretary of 'i^tate of N.Y. 1866-8 ; U.S. marshal for the Southern dis- trict of N.Y., 1868. Barlow, Joel, poet, b. Reading, Ct., 24 Mar. 1 755 ; d. Zarnowicke, near Cracow, Po- land, 22 Dec. 1812. Y. C. 1778. He served as a volunteer in the Revol. armv, studied the- rit of ter of I at New llav. 11 a pMem, mini, il ■ : ' I'l- j.r.'t of Peace." Setilin- al lla:i;..i i, :,. :iea '■ -ik- sclling, established the Amu:- n.: .)/,,.:«,:/, a weekly paper, and in 1785 was adui. to the bar. In 1786, he jmb. a revision of Dr. Watts's ver- 1 of the Psalms, his own He the antho the " Anarchiad," a sion of Columbus." agent of the Ohio I- the French revol., ' Orders," " Lett Ad^ to the National Conveii- tion," 1791, and the "Conspiracy of Kings," a poem. Towards the end of 1 792, as a dep. of the London Constitutional Society, be pre- sented an address to the Freiieh ( 'iHivention, by whom he was invested with the n-ht^ cit a French citizen, and given eTii|iln\ nient in Sa- voy, where he wrote his innek-la nee jhhih, " Hasty Pudding." U. S. ciimi! at .\l-i. i^ in 1795-7, and negotiated trcaiie-; Hih Aimers and Tripoli. In 1799, he ]uil.. h.s ■ !.et:er lo the People of the U. S.," ami cndeavoretl to bring about an adjustment of our dilHculties with France, and, in a memoir to the French Govt., denounced privateering as mere sea-rob- bery. Having enriched himself by commer- cial speculations in France, he returned to the U. S. in 1805, and built himself an elegant res- idence on the Potomac, near Washington. In 1807, he iiuh. ■• Tin- d,] uinliiad," an epic po- em, — the .i.o^r .iiau'nili, ,n. work whidl had yet been issiinl in Amn i> a, and superbly illus- trated; but it |.rnv,>i a la. iiie. App. ambassa- dur to Fn\iRL' in l;-ll, i n iirt. 1812, he was invited by the I'rei.el, ,„, ni-i.-r to a .-..nforence with Napoleon at W liiu , l.ut (li.'d before his arrival tljere. A ciiiouM i vas dv.iwvvd in Paris by Dupoiit de X.-incui-, 1 »l,nv tlic Soriety for theEneou,au,„,.„,ni Xa 11 al Industry; and an account ..1 In- In.- an 1 « ritin-s, in quarto, iiun. " The Colum- was pub., witli .xira. t. biad." Hc«a,o„r ul tl, u lorcmost Amoriean authors of bis tunc, au.l , lur his patriotism, 1843 to 1849, he had charge of the public schools of li. I., where he established a model system of popular education. Ho next inter- ested himself in school architecture, and, from 1850 to 1854, was State superintendent. In the summer of 1855, be hc;,'an the Aiin'riain Jour- nal of Education. He became pres. of the Ai]ier. As.so. for llie Advaneemnnt of Education, in 1855, and w,^ ..ffrvr-l il,.. yr.-<\.\.;uy ,,r two State uiii\' I m. ^ ,\ ' • ■ r .if the newdopai : a. ■. .a . ^ .r ■ u .• Wa-lnnutmi, Mar. isr,7. i! ,, ■, | , a ;! .r.. - s.^h.)..! Arcliit.Tiiia , 1- .; , :...,■,.,,, : . Ia„,l, m the U.S. ami I, a, ,.;..■■ i- .1 , i I,: to Ual- iibli. political writinjjs was jiuli. 1796. Barnard, JJ.^mel Dkwey, LL.D., law- yer and politician, b. SbetHcld, Ms., 1797; d. Albany, Apr. 24, IS61. Wms. Coll, 1818. His in th.-'lY-v'ol. Daniel iia-e.l in- innthon his ty clerk's oltice. Alter leaving cull., lie studied law at Rochester, M.l'. ; was adni. to the bar in 1821 ; was county attorney in 1826; M. C. 1828-30 and 1809-45. Travelled in Europe in 1830-1, corresp. with one of the Rochester journals, removed to Albany in 1832, and be- came a ]ifotninent member of the Whig party, serving in the N. Y. Assembly. U. S. minis- ter to Prussia, 1849-53. Many of his addresses, discourses, and speeches, have bcmpub. In 1839, he read before the Albany Institute "An Historical Sketch of the Colony of Rensselaer- wick," which pub. He was the Whi,, liet-iew. The colleges of Geneva and New York conferred on him the degree of LIj.D. Barnard, Fked. "Stia. Porter, D.D., ' LL.D. (Jeff. Coll. Mpi.), scholar and educator, b. Sheffield, Ms., 1809. Y. C. 1828. Tutor at Yale in 1829; teacher in the Hartford Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb in 1831-3, and in a similar institution in N.Y. in 18-33-8; prof, of math, and nat. pbilos. in Ala. U. 1838-48; of chemistiy, 1848-54; of math, and astron. from 1854 ; and pres. of the Mpi. U. 1856-61 ; and, in IS64, became pres. of Col. Coll. N.Y. In 1856, ho took orders in the Pr.-Ep. Church. Au- thor of a treatise on arithmetic, 1830; a gram- mar, 1834; "Report on Collegiate Education," 18.54; and "Lectures on College Government," 1855. A contrib. to the Ainer. Jour, of Edu- cation from its origin. Barnard, Henry, LL.D. (H.U. 1852), ed- ucator, b. Hartford, Ct., Jan. 24, 181 1. Y. C. 1830. He was adm. to the bar in 1835 ; trav- elled extensively in Europe until 1837, when be was a representative in the State legisl., and was twice re-elected. In tliat body, be effected a re-organization of the State common-school system. He was for four years sec. of the Board of School Commissioners. His first annual report in 1839 was pronounced by Chancellor Kent " a bold and startling document, founded on the most painstaking and critical inquiry." During this period, he issued 4 vols, of the Connecticut Common School Journal, and subse- quently continued it from 1850 to 1855. Prom Bio-rapliy;" ■■ lli aa : r - 163S-1S54;" " l;-| ' " 1'^^' R. L," 1845 au.l L,. • lia,,, aim for the Use of Temnei-, l>>..7 , Ezekiel Clicever.and Notcsun the Fie of N, E.," 1856; "Education in F 1842; "School Libraries," 1854; tional Tracts," 1842-6. Barnard, Isaac D., soldier and b. Aston, Pa., 1791 ; d. Westchester, Pa., Feb. 28, 1834. Receiving an ordinary education, he began to study law in Chester in 1811 ; was app. capt. 14th Inf. Mar. 12, 1812; maj. June 26, 1813; was disting. at Lyons Creek, under Gen. Bissell, and at the . d; commandof "The Hyder .\,1 ,1- m which he captured, after a _ ■ ;,_:i:, ;i..- ship "General Monk" of sKpni.a luicc, lor which the legisl. of Pa. voted him a sword. After the war, he engaged in busitiess ; travel- led in the West in 1786-8, and took part in the /s-zr BA.R BAR adoption of the U. S. Constitution. In 1792, while returning from Cape Fran9ois with a large number of women and children, whom he had rescued from the l)lacl;s, his vessel was captured by an T"njli.!i |.i i\ ateer ; but ho re- captured her fruin ; i ; :v\\. Again cap- tured in 171)! i>\ I I !; I 'liu', ho was im- prisoned as a |iii II', .Hi I 1,1^ sliip and cargo condemned. In 1 "'.14, he areompanied Monroe to France, and was the bearer of the Amcr. flag to the National Convention. Made a capt. in the French navy, he com. a squad- ron, but resigned in 1799. In the War of 1812, he engaged successfully in privateering; was made a capt. in the U. S. Navy, 25 Apr. 1814, and com. the flotilla for the defence of the Cl.e,ai.e,.ke. Ordered to tli.' delenee of Waslliluton ni.lnly, l,e u;h ."vei.ly woun.lrd Briti-li invader- at tlie lia~tlle ,,f r.la.|,n,lmrj, 24 Aug. 1814. A sword was voted him liy the city of Washington, and a vote of thanks by the legisl. of Ga. He was sent on a mission to Europe in .M.iy, 1815, but returned in Oct., suffenii.: ii-Mi hi, wnuii i , ill ' iiall ih'ver hav- ing \ir I -■ ,: : 1 I I M . I . 'i :.m,1, |,l,ice just a.s he " I - ■ . !ii' . I : li 111- i.iiiiily to 26 e'n^'a.;eineius. In 1780, lie m. the clau. of Alderman Bedford. His son John, M.C. from Baltimore, 1325-7; d. Washington, D.C., 2G Jan. 1837, a. 72. — .§ce Memoirs of Com.' Barnr,,. /«/ M„ni B„rne/j, 8vo, 1832. Barniim, I'hine.vs Taylor, showman, b. Bethel, Ct., 5 July, 1810. He was a trader, afterward pub. the HemUl nf Freedom in Dan- bury, Ct., and suffered 60 davs' imprisonment for "a libel. Removing to N. Y. in 18.34. he be- gan his career of showman in 1835, with Joice Heth, a coloi-cd woman, the reputed nurse of Washington. In Dec. 1841, without owning a dollar, lie bought Scudder's Amef. Musonm, and, at the end of one year, had paid for it in full. In 1842, he began to exhibit Gen. Tom Thumb, with whom he visited Europe in 1844-7. In 1849, he engaged Jenny Lind to come to America, paying her SI, 000 per night for 150 nights. In 1855, he retired to Bridge- port, Ct., and pub. an account of his career. He soon lost all he had made, and was obliged to compound with his creditors in 1857. 13 July, 1865, his museum was burnt. He opened another, which was also destroyed by fire, and has since been interested in Wood's Mu- seum on Broadway. An unsuccessful candi- date for Congress in 1857. He has pub. a " History of Humbugs," and has written and lectured on agriculture and temperance. Barnwell, Kouert Woodward, states- man, b. Beaufort, S.C, Aug. 10, 1801. H. U. 1821. He studied law ; was M.C. in 1829-33 ; pres. of S.C. Coll. 183.5-43; U.S. senator, 1850. In Dec. 1860, he was a commissioner to visit Washington in behalf of S.C, and was a member of the Confed. Congress. Pres. of the U. of S.C. Barras de (deh-ba- a'), Louis Count, a French naval oBicer, b. Provence : d. ah. 1800. During the War of Amer. Independence, he exhibited qualities much more rare than ex- perience or courage. The superior of De Grasse, and free to act as chief in the northern waters of the U.S., he did not hesitate to place himself under the orders of that admiral when he thought a junction necessary to the good of the service. Barras had at first followed D'Estaing, and disting. himself at the naval combat of Grenada. He fought under De Grasse in Chesapeake Bay, and at the Antilles, also, on the 25th and 26th Jan. 1782, against Hood, whose fleet was moored under the guns of St. Christopher, which was taken by Bouille. Barras was detached to possess himself of Nevis and Montserrat, soon after which he re- turned to Europe, and retired from the service. Barre de la (deb la liar). Antoi.se Le- FEvni:. a French naval officer ; d. May 4, 1688. lie was a])p. gov. of Guiana in 1663, and re- tiiol. I'ayenne from the Dutch, 1667. Lieut.- -.11. ill if,67, he defeated the English in the Aiitilh s, forcing them to raise the blockade of St. Christopher. In 1682, he was app. gov. of Canada, succeeding Frontenac. He was, however, recalled in 1685, for having, by his irresolution, caused the failure of the cxped. to treat with the savages. He was the enemy of La Salle, and is said to have enriched himself »nd thr aim;, i , 1717 , I. .,,ni.. aii-.n "i. 1,1755; accoin]i.niied the expeil. against Louisburg ; was app. by Wolfe, '' his early protector and friend," major of brigade, May 12,1758; and May 4, 1739, adj.-Lrcn. of the army before Que- bec. In the haul., on the Plains of Abraham, he was .so sev. i-.ly \\..iiiMi. .1 as to lose the sight of an eye. In \Ve-t'.s ]iieture of the " Death of Wolfe," Bane's li,:ure is conspicuous. He served under Amherst in 1760, and bore to England the news of the surrender of Mon- treal ; promoted to lieut.-col. Jan. 19, 1761. Placed in parliament through the interest of Lord Shelburne in 1761, Bane soon found himself in the opposition, and, in consequence, was deprived of the offices given fur bis services in America. His speech upon the Stamp Act in 1765 deserves a place in the memory of every An)ericau. Throughout the administra- tion of Lord North, Col. Barre continued the warm friend of the Ameriean Colonies ; disting. himself greatly by t!ir li.ihlii.-j of his senti- ments, and his inlleMl, , ,i|i]i.i itani to the American war. lie \i.i, him. I .Ini nig the last 20 years' of his life. For 13 years, he held a lucrative office. He was one of the supposed authors of Junius's Letters. A town in Ms. perpetuates his memory. His oratory was powerful, but coarse, his manners rugged, his countenance stern, and his stature athletic. Barringer, Daniel Moreau, statesman, b. Cabarrus Co., N.C., ab. 1807. U. of N.C 1826. He established himself in the practice of law in 1829, became distinguished in his profession ; was several years in the State Ic^isl. ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1835; M.C. 1843-9; minister to Spain in 1849-53 ; afterward trwelled in Europe, and, on his return, served in the State legisl. until 1855, when he devoted himself to literarv pursuits. BAR 66 He was a delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861, and to the Phihi. convention of 1866. Barritt, Frances Fdller. poet, b. Rome, N.Y., May, 1826. In 1830, her parents re- moved to Northern Pa ,and, in 1839, to Wors- ter, O. She early became a contrib. to the leading' bellc-lettres journals of the country. In 1S51 appciuiil a vol. of her poems edited by KmN- \V ( 11 i-AMld, of great raerit.containing, aiii -."Azlea, a Tragcdv." In l-"!: :: ii ! -ii, Barritt of Pontiac, Mich. Alt' : ,1 ; \ ;' r' r..-,--idencewest of the Missouri, she tiHilc up hrr residence in N.Y. City. A younger sister, Metta Victoria (see Victor), is also a poetess. — Poets and Poetry of the West. Barron, James, commodore U. S. N., b. in Va., 1768; d. Norfolk, Apr. 21, 1851. He commenced his naval career under his father, James, who d. in 1787, and who held the rank of commodore of the Va. navy during the Hevol. war, and was also a member of the Va. Board of War. His bro. Richard was a capt. during the whole war. The vessels com. by the Barrons were " The Liberty " and " The Pa- triot." The former was engaged in 20 actions, and was very successful. On the formation of the U S. navy, Mar. 9, 1798, he was made lieut., and served under Commo. Barry in the brief war with France. Made capt. Slay 22, 1799, and ordered to the Mediterranean under the command of his elder brother, Commo. Samuel Barron, and was esteemed one of the most accomplished and efficient officers, and one of the best disciplinarians, in the service. He served actively afloat until 1807, in which year he com. the frigate " Chesapeake" at the time of her unfortunate encounter with the British frigate " Leopard." Barron was tried by a court-martial, and suspended for five years. In 1820, a corresp., which grew out of this af- fair, led to a duel with Decatur, Mar. 22, 1820, in which the latter was killed, while Barron was severely wounded. Barron, Samuel, commo. U. S. N., bro. of James, b. Hampton, Va., Sept. 25, 1765; d. there Oct. 29, 1810. He was disting. for gal- lantry in the Revol. navy of Va., in which his father, his uncle, and his brother, also partici- pated. In 1798, he com. the brig "Augusta," fitted out by the citizens of Norfolk against the French. Made capt. U. S. navy, Sept. 13, 1798, he left the merchant-service; was con- spicuous in the Tripolitan war; and in 1805 com. a squadron of 10 vessels. He co-ojierated with Gen. Eaton in the capture of the town of Derne, on the Tripolitan coast, Apr. 27, 1805, but. in consequence of extreme ill health, soon after returned to the U. S. Barron, Samdel, admiral in the Confed- erate navy, b. Va. Midshipm. TJ. S. N. 1 Jan. 1812; lieut. 3 Mar. 1827 ; com. 15 July, 1847 ; capt. 1855. He com. "The Wabash," the flag- ship of Commo. Lavalette in the Mediterrane- an, in 1859. Made com. in the Confed. navy in 1861, and put in charge of the naval de- fences of N. C. and Va., with the rank of flag- officer; took charge of the defence of Forts Clark and Hatteras during the attack by Flag- officer Stringham and Gen. Butler, 27 Aug. 1861, and, after their surrender, was a prisoner in New York until exchanged in 1862. Barrow, Gen. Washington, minister to Lisbon, 1841-3; M. C. 1847-9; b. Tenn. ab. 1817; d. St. Louis, 19 Oct. 1866. He was a lawyer ; some years editor of the Nashville Banner, and a leader of the old Whig party ; State senator in 1861, and for a time impris- oned by the federal authorities during the civil war. Barrundia, Jose Fkancisco, statesman of Honduras, b. 1779; d. N. Y. City, Aug. 4, 1834. He was the first to raise the standard of revol. against the Spanish Govt. Member of the first republican assembly, Apr. 10, 1824, he introduced and carried a decree for the abo- lition of slavery, and devoted himself to ibe cause of social and civil reform. Pres. of the republic in 1829, he served with wisdom and moderation, and organized a general system of public instruction. Minister to the U. S. in 1854, he purposed the annexation of Honduras to the U. S., but died soon after his arrival. Barry, John, first commodore in the U. S. navv, b. Tacumshane, Wexford Co., Ireland, 1745 ; d. Phila., Sept. 13, 1803. He went to sea very young ; came to Phila. at the age of 15; soon rose to the com. of a ship, and accu- mulated wealth. When the war commenced, he offered his services to Conirross, "abandon- ing," to use his own laii,ni;iLM\ " ihe finest ship and the first eni|ilny in Am. rii-a," In Feb. 1776, he was app t.j r.r.n. ■• J In- Lcxiu-ton," 14, in which, after a sharp action, he took " The Edward," tender, the first war-ves• I ..:-■- I, li. 1- ■■ 1--.-. M lited a wIm'. •!:• 1/ . • ,/ ■ . • i/^ '■ / '.,atLow- .■i^, .■;..: — - .. 1/ . Ma:;atwe. — A„ .17, ;/,...,; , /., .-: U. /->,. :.u.i, .,< (//ois's Med. Bartlett, Icuabod, lawyer, b. Salisbury, Ci., July L'4, 1786; d. Portsmouth, Oct. 19, 1853. Dartm. Coll. 1808. Adm. to the bar in 1812. After practising a short time at Dur- ham, he rrmuved to Portsmouth, where he re- sided till his d'-ath. He held high rank among his dLstini:. r.,:, [Mt!-..!- at tlie^N.H. bar, in- eluding \Vi ! : I '! 1 M ; ill. He was 7 years in the Slat. . . 1. i-k of the State senate in IM 7-1 - , ... i- lan lor the county of Koekingliain in l.^l'J; .-.|.eaker of the house in 1821; and M. ('. in 182.3-29; member of the State Const. Conv. of 1850. Bartlett, .ToiiN- Russell, author, b. Prov- idence, IM . '• t •-''■, l^""i ; was early placed in a bankia ' \vas for six years cashier ot tl). ' I'.. I'luvidence. While there, he wa- .. ., la ;. ..j.Ttors of the Ath- cniEum, and an active nicmljcrof the Franklin Society for the Cultivation of Science, before which he occasionally lectured. In 1837, he engaged in business in N. Y., but was unsuc- cessful. He then established a foreign hook- store ; was an active manager of the N. Y. Hist. Society, and a projector of the Ethnolo- gical Society. In 1850, he was app. by Pres. Taylor commissioner to fix the boundary-line between the U. S, and Mexico, under the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which occupied him until Jan. 7, 1853. He pub. in 1854 a person- al narrative of explorations and incidents in the countries which he had visited ; having previously published, in 1847, a small work on the Progress of Ethnology, and, in 1848, a Dictionarv of Americanisms. He became sec. of Stale of R. I., May 1, 1855, and still holds that oflice, having arranged, edited, and pub. the ncords of the colonv (10 vols. 1636-1790); acting gov. 1861-2. Mr. B. has also pub. '• Bil.li.mraphyof R. I." 1864; "A History of the l)c-tiuction of H B. M. S. hooner, G.ispee" lSii2 ; ■■ Indrx ID the .\cts and Resolves of the (,.1 : , .\-- mi. , ..; l; I 1758-1852; " Bih- li..: . \.;. I .| , i I - ;-isuO, 4 vols., 8vo, l.-i I • ,.■ Rebellion," N.Y'., .vv,. ' ■ ■ l; : ; .:., a..., of Albert Galla- tin . , i 1 ', ■Memoirs of R. I. Officers in ^ — the Rebellion," 4to, 1867; ■I'l I . IsfiS; "Naval Hist, of R.I.," ca • ' ii( lii-t.Mag. He has two sons in till- r. S. -, la irr, .ToHN R., lieut. com. U. S. N., and III Ni:v -\.. capt. U. S. marine corps. Bartlett, ■lunx Shekren, M.l)., jour- nali.,t. I.. Dnis.-tshire, Eng., 1790; d. N. J., t.ai until 1813. He m. at Boston, and es- talili-hnl himself there as a physician. The Albiuii was commenced bv him in New Yoik, I>ond June 22, 1822, as an English conservative organ ; and it gained a large and profitable cir- culation. He afterwards established two other papers, also the European at Liverpool. He withdrew from the Albion in 1848. In 1855, he issued the Anijlo-Saxon, a weekly paper at Boston. In 1857, he was Biitish consul at Baltimore. Bartlett, Joseph, wit. poet, and adventur- er, b. Plvmouth, Ms., 10 June, 1762; d. Bos- ton, 20 'Oct., 1827. H. U. 1782. Visiting Eng., he pursued a checkered and adventurous career, gambled, got into prison, wrote a plav for his release, and went upon the stage himself. Procuring a large stock of goods on credit, he was shipwrecked on Cape Cod, and, failing in business in Boston, studied law. Capt. of vols, in Shays' insurrection, then opened a law- office in Woburn, painting it black, and call- ing it " the coffin" to attract notice. Remov- ing to Cambridge, he busied himself with the affairs of the town and of the college. Af- terwards a lawvcr and politician in Me., and mcmlxTof the I'-i-i. Wliil- in Sarn, in Isn5, hr o.lile.l thr /■. ■■ '■ ' .i,.I. .Inlv 4, before the Phi B. la :, , - i ,.ji- tion of 1823, in. I . i • . i . i.. n, principles, and tin . I i . . ar of Bray, "M.l. i,ni. I! . ' . nd the 4th of .Inh ...,:, . ,,: :: . .. : , I : . . Bartlett, '.!..-: Ml m p . iiic Declaration ot In.i.].. n.l. n. . , h .\n,..nn,-v, Ms., Nov. 21, 1729; d. May 19, IT'J.V Wiih a common-school education, and such knowl- edge of medical science as he could acquire from study with a practitioner of his native town, he commenced practice at Kingston, N.H., in 1750, and soon became eminent. Dur- ing the prevalence of a fatal throat-disease among children, in 1754, he introduced the use of Peruvian bark with success. In 1765, and annually until the Revol., Dr. Bartlett was chosen to the legisl. ; in 1770 was app. lieut.-col. 7ihregt, of militia, but was deprived of his commission in Feb, 1 7 7 "v ..n a. iinf nf the active part he took in il, \ iili Great Britain ; he was a in a ui- niittee of safety, upon wh.ni ,i.\..a.. i, i.n- a time, the whole executive govt, of the State, and on the organization of govt, by a provin- cial congress, of which he was a member, he was app. a justice of the peace, and col. of the 7th regt. Sept. 1775. A delegate to Con- gress in 1775 and 1776, he was the first to give his vote for the Declaration of Independence, and its first signer after the President. In 1777, he accompanied Gen. Stark to Benning- ton, as agent of the State, to provide medicine and other necessaries to the N.H. troops. From April to Nov. 1778, he was again a del- egate to Congress; was app. chief-justice of the Common Pleas in 1779, judge of the Supreme Court, 1782, and chicf.justice in 1788. Ho was an active member of the convention called to adopt the Federal Constitution, in 1788. From 1790 to 1793, he was pres. of the State, and, under the new consiitution, gov. in 1793; retiring from public business in 1794 on account of infiira health. He was prcs. of the N. H. 18.35. Settled as colleague pastor med. soc., which he was chieHy instruinental in Charles Lowell, ».D., of the VVe; founding, and received an honorary degree of Boston, Mar. 1, 1837. His princip M.D., from Dartm. Coll. He was always a " patron of learning, and a friend to learned men. His son Josi.^H, M.D., M. C. 1811-1-3, a phy- sician of extensive practice, d. Strathara, N.H., Apr. 14, 1838, a. 70. Bartlett, William, a benevolent mer- chant, b. Newbury port, Jan. 31, 1748 ; d. there Feb. 8, 1841. Descended from one of the [for the iiiiin-tr\ , 1, : . : - i ris of his muni- ficeiKv. li _, - i /|„„iid the Theol. Sein. ai And'i.' ' ii ii , i Ii>]mI ly endowed a pro- fcssc>i-lii|i aihl (1- it. li an expensive dwelling- hoiiM- I..1 til I1-' ul tlie incumbent. His bene- faciMii- til till- iii^titntioii were estimated, by tliosi' i.uuiliar uitli his affairs, to have reached tlie niuuiliiuiit sum of a quarter of a million dulhirs. He gave a large amount in the ag- gre^'ate to other worthy objects. Bartlett, WnxiAM H. C, LL.n. (Geneva Coll.). luoi; of iK.tural ami rx|.ri-n,„'iltal plli- 1804. 'W.-t r.MHi, l^tji;. A-iM. I'luf. En'g'rg.' Mil. Acad., Aug. ld:iG lo Aug. 1«2U. Acting pruf. nat. and cxper. philos.Nciv. 1S34, and Prof, since Apr. 20, 1 836. Author of " Eleni. Treatise on Optics," 1839 ; " Eletnents of Mechanics," of " Nat. Pliilos.," 1850, " Acou- stics and Optics," N.Y, 1852; "Analytical Mechanics," 18.54; "Spherical Astronomy," 1855. Member of Philos. Soc. of Phila., and of Acad. Arts and Sciences, Beston. Bartlet, Rev. William Stoodley, Prut.-Epis. clergyman, b. Newhurvport, Ms., Apr. 8, 1809. Gen. Theol. Sem. 1839. A.M. of Trin. Coll., Hartford. Formerly rector of Immanuel Church, Little Falls, N.Y. ; of St. Andrew's, Providence, R.I. ; and of St. Luke's, Chelsea, Ms. Member of the Ms. Hist Soc., and of the N.E. Hist, and Geneal. Soc. He jinb. " The Frontier Missionary," a memoir of Rev. Jacob Bailey, 8vo, 1853; contrib. to the Ndiional Qiiarterli) an article on vocal cul- tuic, in -Mar. 1863; and in 1864 delivered at Lowell an oration at the tercentenary celeb, of the birth of Shakspeare, which was pub. Con- irili. hist, papers to various periodicals, and to the " Memorial of Bishop Burgess." Bartley, Moedecai, gov. of 0., 1844-6, b. Fayette Co., Pa , Dec. 16, 1783; d. Oct. 10, 1870. His grandparents emigrated in June, l":i4, and settled in Loudon Co., Va. He at- tended school during intervals of labor on his father's farm, removed to Ohio in 1809, and engaged in agriculture in Mansfield, Richland Co. Ca))t. and adj. under Harrison in the War of 1812. Was a State senator 1817-18 ; register of the land office, 1818-23; M. C. 1823-31. T. W. Bartley, was acting gov. in 1844.— ;l/Lmo/r, 6^^. T. Goodman. Bartol, CvRus Augustus, author and Cci.g. clergyman, b. Freeport, Me., Apr. 30, 1813. Bo wd. Coll. 1 832 ; Camb. Div. School, Pictures o( Europe," 1855 ; " Uiscour.^cs on the Christian Spirit and Life," 1850 ; " Dis- courses on the Christian Body and Form," 1854; and a history of the " West Church and its Ministers." His latc--i work is on ecclesiastical polity. He litis ,iI~m |iiil> m my occasioiial and miscellancoii- i : ml essays, besides numerous cotiti . i > ir .1 ing "periodicals of the day, uti.l -~ i. lal iik n il Barton, BaNjAMiif SiMim, M.l)., iiatu- ^tlli.^l, I.. Lancaster, Pa., 10 Feb. 1766; d. 19 Dec. 1S15. Son of Rev. Thos. Barton by a sister of Rittenhouse the mathematician. While a student in Pa. Coll., he accompanied Ritten- house and the other U. S. commissioners to settle the boundary line west of Pa. From 1786 to 1789, he was studying medicine at Edinburgh, London, and at Gottingcn, where h; took his degree of M.D. He then settled in Phila., where he soon acquired an extensive practice ; was in 1 789 app. prof, of nat. hist, and botany in the Coll. of Phila., and Apr. 1813, was appointed prof, of materia inedica Besides papers contrib. to the Amer. Philos. Trans, and to the MedicaJ and Phi/sical ./ountal., begun by him in 1804, he pub. " Observations on some ptirts of Natural History," Lond., 1787 ; "New Views of the Origin of the Tribes of America," 1797; "Elements of Botany," 1804, and in 2 vols. 1812; an edition of Cul- len's Materia Mcdica ; " Eulogy on Dr. Priest- ley ; " Discourse on the Principal Desiderata of Nat. Hist," Phila., 1807 ; "Collections to- wards a Materia Medica of the U. S.," 3d ed., 1810 —See Dion. Sketch, hy his nephew, W.P. C. Bm-lon, M.D., and Thachn-'s Med. Bioq. Barton, William P. C, M.l). (U. of Pa. 1808), prof of botany in the XJ. of Pa., nephew of B. S. Barton ; d. 1855. N J. Coll. 1805. He pub. " Flor« Philadelphicas," 4to, 181.5-25; " Compendium "of the same, 2 vols., 1818; " Flora of North America," 3 vols., 4to, 1821-3; " Materia Medicaand Botany," 2 vols. " Medical Botany," 2 vols., 8vo ; " Hints to Naval Officers cruising in the W. I.," 1830; " Plan for Marine Hospitals in the U. S." 1817 ; " Memoirs of B. S. Barton." " Disser- tation on Nitrous-Oxide Gas," &c. 1808.— AlWmne. Barton, Gen. William, Revol. officer, b. Providence, R.I., 1747 ; d. there Oct. 22, 1831. He held the rank of lieut.-col inthcR.L militia, when on the night of July 10, 1777, with a small party, hecrosscd Narragansett Bay, passed unobserved 3 British frigates, landed about half-way from Newport to Bristol Ferry, and captured the British Gen. Preseott. For this service. Congress honored him by the presen- tation of a sword, a commission of col., and a grant of land in Vt. By the transfer of some of this land, he became entangled in the toils of the law, and was imprisoned for debt in Vt. many years, until liberated by Lafiiyette, who paid the claim against him in 1825. Col. Barton was wounded in the action at Bristol Ferry in Aug. 1778, and was disabled from further service during the war. Member of BA.T which adopted the U. S. Con- stitution.— See Life of, by Mrs. 0. M. Wil- liams, 1839. Bartow, FsAMCis S., brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Ga. ; killed in battle of Bull Run, Va., July 21, 1861. Bartram, John, botanist, b. Derby, Chester Co., Pa , 23 Mar. 1699 ; d. 22 Sept. 1777. Left an orphan at the age of 13, ho was self-taught, and became proficient in botany, medirine, and surgery. In the intervals of agricultural labor, by which he supported a large family, he made excursions to Fla. and to Canada, and at the age of 70 made a journey to East Fla. to explore its natural productions. He was also a skilful mechanic, and built the house in which he lived. In 1728, he founded on the banks of the Schuylkill, near Phila., the first botanic garden in America, and which still bears his name. The gardens of Europe are indebted to hiscontributions; and some foreign scientific bodies bestowed their honors upon him, and pub. communications from him in their transactions. Until 1758, he was a member of the Society of Friends. He pub. in 1751 " Observations " on his travels to Lake Ontario, and "Description of East Florida, with a .Journal," 1766. — Sci' Mt-nt'trials of Bartram „nrl Mnr^lmll, edil'.lh^i II.: ■ '-, |v4',l. Bartram, Wnn i, . •, Non of the prccwiing, b. Kii.u : ■;-,_ I'l.'i IVI,. 17.-19 ; d. 22 July, 1823. lli; c.n j.i-.!..d himself in business in N.C. in 1761; studied natural history, and accompanied his father in his botanical explorations in E. Fla. ; resided some time on the River St. John, and returned home in 1771. In 1773-8, he explored the Floridas, Carolina, and Georgia, and transmitted to his employer, Dr. Fothergill, at London his valua- ble collections. Elected in 1782 prof, of botany in the U. of Phila., he declined, on ac- count of ill health. In 1786, he became a member of the Amer. Philos. Soc, and was admitted into other scientific bodies at home and abroad. In 1790, he pub. an account of his travels, including notices of the Creeks, Cherokees, and Chocta\vs. In 1789, he wrote a reply to a scries of questions proposed to him on the condition of those Indians, lately printed in the Trans, of the Ethnological Society. He was the author of the most complete and ac- curate table of American ornithology which had appeared previously to the work of VVilson ; and science owes to him its knowledge of many curious and beautiful plants peculiar to this continent. He also pub. •' Memoirs of J. Bartram," " Anecdotes of a Crow," " Descrip- tion of Certhia," and a work on the site of Bristol. Bascom, Henry Bidleman, D.D., LL.D., bishop of the M. E. Church South, b. Hancock, Delaware Co., N.Y., May 27, 1796; d. Louisville, Ky., Sept. 8, 1850. Enter- ing the ministry in 1813, after filling various appointments in the Ohio, Tenn., and Ky. con- ferences, he was elected chaplain to Congress- Pres. of Madison Coll., Pa., in 1827 ; he then became agent of the Colonization Society. From 1832 to 1842, he was prof, of moral science and belles lettres in Augusta Coll., Ky., and was subsequently pres. of Transylvania U., Ky. Coll. and of the : In the general conference in 1844, when the separation between the Methodist churches North and South took place, he drew up the protest of the Southern members against the action of the conference upon slaveholding, and in 1845 was member of the convention at Louisville which organized the Church South, and author of its report. In 1846, he became editor of the Southern Methodist Qaariejli/ Revifw. He was chairman of the commis- sioners of the Church South to settle the con- troversy between the two divisions of the Church. In 1849, he was elected bishop, ord. May, 18.50. He pub. a vol. of " Sermons," 1850, " Lectures on Infidelity," " Lectures and Essays on Moral Science," and sermons and sketches. His life was written hy Rev. Dr. Henkle; and his " Posthumous Works," edited by Rev. T. N. Ralston, appeared in Nashville, 2 vols., 8vo, in 1855. D.D. of Wesl. U. 1838. LL.D. of La Grange Coll. 1845. Basilio de Gama (ba-see'-le-o dagii'-ma), Jose, b. San Jose', Brazil, 1740; d. ab. 1795. One of the founders of the Brazilian Acad. Author of " Uruguay," a popular poem, and some Ivrics. Bass, Edward, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1789.) first I'njt.-Upis. bishop of Ms., b. Dorchester, Nov. 23, 1726 ; d. Sept. 10, 1803. H. U. 1744. He taught school for several years, and was ord. in Eng., May 24, 1752, by Bp. Sherlock at the request of the society of St. Paul's Church, Newburyport. In 1 796, he was elected bishop of the Prot.-Epis Church of Ms., and was consecrated May 7, 1797. He was after- wards elected bishop'of the R.I. churches, and in 1803 of those in N.H. Bassett, Richard, gov. of Delaware in 1798-1801 ; d. Sept. 1815. A member of the old Congress in 1787, and of the convention which framed the Constitution. He was U.S. senator in 1789-93, and was U.S. district judge in 1801-2. He was a lawyer of repute. His dau. Ann. m. James A. Bayard. Bassini, Carlo, music-teacher and writer, b. Cuneo, Piedmont, 1812; d. Irvington,N.J., 26 Nov. 1870. Obtaining distinction as a vio- linist, he went with an operatic company to South America, became director, and afterward settled as a teacher of music in N. Y. City. Among his best known works are " Art of Singing," 1857 ; " Method for the Barytone," 1868; "Method for the Tenor," 1866; " Me- lodic Exercises," 1865; " New Method," 1869. He composed some exquisite pieces. Batehelder, Samuel, inventor, b. Jaf- frey, N.H., 8 June, 1784. In 1808, he beg.an the manufacture of cotton at New Ipswich ; superintended the erection of the Hamilton Mills at Lowell in 1825, and of a mill for the York Manuf. Co. at Saco, Me., in 1831. He now resides in Cambridge, Ms. Among his inventions, that of the dynamometer, for ascer- taining the power for driving macliinerv, first used in the York Mills in 1837, is perhaps the greatest. In early life, he contrib. to the Port- fullo, and h;is pub. a " History of the Cotton Manuf. of the U. S" Bateman, Dr. Ephraim, b. Cumberland, 71 N.J. 1770; d. there, Jan. 29, 1829. While a niuehiinie's apprentice, he stujicd mediuiiie, liLCiiine noted in the profession; was many vuars in the State legisl. ; was an M. C 1815- 23, and U. S. senator, 1826-9. Bateman, Kate Josephine (Mrs. George Crowe), actress, b. Baltimore, Md., Oct. 7, 1842. Her father, H. L. Bateman, was a well- known theatrical manager; her mother, Fran- ces, an actress and dramatist. The children, Kate and Ellen, were on the stage almost from iiil.in. V. Kllen retired from the stage, and is now Mrs. Claude Greppo. Kate re-appeared, JIar. 19, 1860, after 4 years' absence, as Evan- i/cliue, in a drama by Iter mother, at the Winter Garden, and performed in a variety of parts until, in Dec. 1862, she made, at Boston, her first a])pcarance as Leah, — a character with which licr name is now identified, and in which she appeared first in Oct. 1863, the part was repeated 211 nights in succession. Oct. 13, 1866, she became the wife of George Crowe, some time editor of the London Daily News, who resides near Bristol, Eng. Bates, Barsabas, advocate of cheap post- ase, b. Edmonton, Eng., 1785 ; d. Boston, Oct. 11, 1853. He was brought to this country by his parents when a child, and became a Baptist preacher in K. I., but was afterwards a Unita- rian. For a short time, he was collector of the port of Bristol, but in 1825 removed to N. Y., where he pub. a weekly paper, 'J'he Christian Inqniier. While holding an office in the N. Y. post-office, he turned his attention to cheap postaiic publishing paniplilcts, writing in the nows|iapers and magaziiios, and lecturing on the siibject in various parts of the U. S. He succeeded in the reduction of the land postage to a reasonable rate, but died before effecting a corresponding decrease in the rate of ocean Bates, Edward, LL.D. (H. U. 1858), statesman and jurist, b. Belmont, Goochland Co., Va., Sept 4, 1793 ; d. St. Louis, Mar. 25, 1869. Educated under the care of Benjamin Bates, a relative, he in 1814 emigrated to Mo. with his elder brother Frederick, who was sec. of the territory, and its gov. 1824-6. Com- mencing the practice of law in 1816, he became eminent at the bar; was app. pros. atty. for the St. Louis Circuit in 1818; attv.-gen. of the new State in 1820-22; U. S. (list. atty. 1824-6 ; was many years a leading member of the Mo. legisl., member of the convention which framed the constitution of the State in 1820, and was a member of the 24th Congress. The delivery of liis celebrated speech at the Chicago Internal Improvement Convention in 1847 brought him into general notice. He, however, refused to be a candidate for office in Mo., and declined a seat in Pres. Fillmore's cabinet. He was the friend of Henry Clay in 1824; supported the administration of Mr. Adams ; in 1854 was an opponent of the re- peal of the Mo. Compromise; co-operated with the Free Labor party in Mo., and opposed the admission of Kansas under the Lcconipton Constitution. Judge of the St. Louis Land Court in 1853-6,. arid pres. of the Bait. Whig 856. On the election of Pres. Lincoln, he accepted the post of U. S. atty.- gen., resigning in Sept. 1864. Bates, Isaac C, lawver and statesman, b. Granville, Ms., 1780; d.' Washington, D.C., Mar. 16, 1845. Y. C. 1802. He settled as a lawyer in Northampton, rose to eminence at the bar, and was for many years in both branch- es of the State legisl. and in the exec, council. M. C. 1827-35, and in 1842 was elected U. S. senator, making an able speech against the annexation of Texas only a few days before his death. Bates, -JosHDA, D.D. (Y. C. 1818), scholar and divine, b. Cohasset, Ms., Mar. 20, 1776; d. Dudley, Ms., Jan. 14, 1854. H. U. 1800. Descended from Clement, b. Eng., 1592, came to America ab. 1636, settled at Hingbam, and d. 1671. The son of a farmer of limited means, he toiled on a farm until he was 17. On leaving Harvard, he became an assist, in Phillips Acad., pursuing a course of theol stud- ies at the same time. Ord. pastor of the Cong. Church in Dedham, Mar. 16, 1803, where he labored successfully until Mar. 1818. Pres. of Middlb. Coll. 1818-39. He was subsequently chaplain during one session of the U. S. sen- ate ; and was installed pastor of a church in Dudley, Mar. 22, 1843. Member of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. He pub. " Remi- niscences of Rev. John Codman ; " two ser- mons on Intemperance, 1813 ; a volume of Ser- mons ; Inaugural Address, 1818; Anniversary Discourse at Dudley, 1853 , and Sermons and Discourses. — Sprague. Bates, Joshua', financier, b. Weymouth, Ms., 1788; d. London, Sept. 24, 1864; son of Col. Joshua, who d. 1804. He re- ceived his early education from Rev. Jacob Norton, and, at the age of 15, entered the counting-house of William R. Gray in Boston. Entering the employ of Mr. Gray's father, long a leading merchant of N.E., he was sent by him to the north of Europe, to look after his interests there. In 1826, he formed a con- nection in London with John Baring, under the firm of Bates & Baring. On the death of Mr. Holland, they were both made partners in the house of Baring Bros. & Co. In 1854, he was umpire between the commissioners of the English and U.S. govts, for settling claims growing out of the War of 1812. In 1852, he contributed 850,000 to the Public Library of the city of Boston, then being established, on condition that the income of his fund should annually be spent in the purchase of books of permanent value and authority, and that the city should provide comfortable accommoda- tions for their use, both day and evenin>;, by at least 100 readers. Up to Jan. 1858, when the building was dedicated, he had given to it some 30,000 vols., besides the sura above named. The large hall of the library is desig- nated as Bates Hall. His only surviving child is the wife of Van de Weyer, an eminent Belgian statesman. During the Rebellion, his sympathies were actively enlisted in behalf of his country, and he did much by prudent coun- sel and judicious suggestions to avert a war between England and ihe U ?,. — See Mnmorial of Joshua Bates, from the Cilij of Boston, 1865. B^T 72 Battle, LoiiEN-zo, UniKtiay b. 181 J Miiii^tcM- .,f war lunlcr On. Florcs ; proviMnnnl pivs. uf UniHiuiv, 1866-8; elected pros, allei- the iissassination of Flores, 28 Feb. 1868. Baugher, Henky L., D.D., Lutheran clergvnian, and educator, b. Abbotstown, Pa., ah. l'8u.3 ; d. Gettysburg, Pa., April 14, 1868. Dick. Coll. I82.i". "lie studied theology at Priiieetou and Gettysburg; was licensed to lireaih hy the Md. synod; elected pastor at BoonsbonV in 1829; took charge of the classi- cal school at Gettysburg in 1830; and in 1832, when it became a coll., filled the chair of the Greek lanjuage, and belles lettres, until 18.50, when be became pres., continuing in that office nntil his ileath He was a frequent contrib. to ^\^aEr.n.|. Ileal Review. Baume, Frederick, lieut -col. of the Brunsuiek Dra,i;oons in Biirgoyne's e.xped., mortallv wounded at the battle of Bennington, Vr., 16" Aug., and d. 18 Aug. 1777. He ar- rived in Canada in 1776 ; 13 Aug. 1777, he was sent on an cxped. to obtain Supplies, and was defeated by the militia under Gen. Stark. Baxtei", George Addison, D.D. (U. of N.C. 1812). Prcsb. clergyman, b. Rockingham Co, Va. 22 July, 1771"; d. April 24, 1841. Liberty Hall, 1796. Licensed by the Lexing- ton Pivsbvrei-v, 1 Apr. 1797. 'Prof, mathe- matics at Liberty Hall (afterward Wash. Coll ), 19 Oct. 1798-1827, and was at the same pastor of New Monii nd Lexington. In 1827, he became the second pres. of Wash. Coll., Lexington, Va., resigning in 1829. In Apr. 1832. he accejited the office of prof, in the Union Theol. Sem., Prince Edward Co — Spmgne. Bay, Fmiiu Haix, jurist, b. York, Pa., l-r,t : .1 r'li:ir|r.ton,S,C., 19Nov. 1838. Au- dn w I:, I i!' I :i native of Ireland, long a P.r-I- : I : , 1 '; ,, , d. NcWtOWn, L.I., 1 776. Thr 'I 1. I, :i i..> nv--en. of S.C., under the cohiniai /(/(-»., anil, 'from 1791 to his d., asso. justice of the General Sessions and C. C. P. Author of " Reports of Superior Courts of S. C. since the Rcvol," 2d ed., 2 vols., 1809-11. Bayard, George D., brig.-gen. vols, b. New York, 1835; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 14, 1862. West Point, 1856. En- tering the 1st Cavalry, he became capt. 4th Cavalry, Aug. 20, 1861. He com. the 1st Pa. Cavalry, and was made brig.-gen. April 28, 1862. Attacheil to Gen. McCall's reserves, he participated in the various battles of that fight- ing corps. Nov. 20, 1861, he made a most brilliant and successful dash at the head of his regt. upon Dranesville. He subsequently served in the army-corps of Gen. McDowell, and in the army of Va., under Gen. Pope. After the battle of Antietam, he com. a cavalry- brigade in the advance of the army, with which he did excellent service, making frequent dashes into the enemy's lines, and driving them from the gaps of the Blue Ridge ; chief of cav. 3d army-corps ; engaged in the battles of Cedar Moiintain, 9 Aug. 1862, Manassas, Aug. 27- 31, and in the defences of Washington, D.C., Sept.-Oct. 1862. He was attached to Gen. Franklin's com. at the attack on Fredericks- burg. Bayard, James Ashton-, statesman, b. Phila., 28 July, 1767 ; d. Wilmington, Del., 6 Ang. 1815. N.J. Coll. 1784. Of Huguenot descent. On the death of his fether, Dr. J. A. Bay.ard (8 June, 1770), he was received into the family of his uncle. Col. John. He studied law under Gen. Joseph Reed ; was adm. to the bar in 1787; settled in Del., and acquired reputa- tion and practice. M.C. 1797-1803, and a leader of the Federal party ; U.S. senator, 1 804- 13. He disting. himself in conducting the im- peachment of Senator Blount; contrib. jiowcr- fnlly to the election of Jefferson ,,vr,- l!„ir in their memorable contest fur the I'lv.i.lm, i ; ;mhI in the debate which preceded l!ir n ]„ .il, m M.ir. ISO-', of the judiciary bill, di.plavr,! r..n~ma- mate ability in defence of the system, which was, however, overthrown. He declined the post of envoy to the French republic, tcndcicil him by Mr. Adams. In the senate, he o]. posed the declaration of war with Great Biitain in 1812. Sent as a commissioner to treat for peace nnilcr Russian mediation, he left Phila., 8 May, l.^l.-!, arrive.l at St. I'etersburg in July, anil ill .1:111. isu, ]iroeecded to Holland. He alirn\,u.l \i-i|.il F.iig., and with his colleagues, Ml-.-. Ail.i.ii^, Clav, Gallatin, and Russell. nc,i;otiatea in Dec. 1814, at (ihnit. the treaty that hears the name of that |il:irr. Im Iml. il in the commission to make a i iiiniin n i.il inaty with Great Britain, he was |,n|iiiijii^ m ■^i> there, when an alarming illness caused him to return home, which he reached only to die. As a lawyer and political orator, he took high rank. His son James A. was U.S senator from Del., 1851-64. Another son, Richard H, U.S. senator, 1836-9 and 1841-5; c/«i///^ to Belgium, 1850; b. Wilmington, Del., 1796; d. Phila., 4 Mar. 1868. Ann, his wife,dau. of Gov. Richard Bassett, d. 10 Dec. 1854, a. 76. Bayard, Col. John, merchant, and Rcvol. patriot, b. Cecil Co., Md., II Aug. 17.38; d. N. Brunswick, N.J., 7 Jan. 1807. Member of theRevol. Committee of Safety; maj. 2d Phila. batt., which he led at the battle of Trenton ; many years spealier of the Pa. Assembly ; mem- ber Old Congress in 1785; removed in 1788 to N. Brunswick, of which he was- nuiyor, and judge of C.C.P. Bayard, Samuel, jurist (176.5-1840), pub. " A Digest of Cases on the Law of Evidence," 1810, and an "Abstract of the Laws of the U.S." Bayfield, Henkt Wolsey, an English hydrographer, entered the navy in 1806 ; com. a gunboat on the Amer. Lakes in 1814; made surveys of Lake Ontario in 1815, Lakes Erie and 'Huron in 1817-23, Lake Superior in 1823-5, and of the River and Gulf of St. Law- rence in 1827, being the first to make known the wonders of tlie Sagueuay; made capt. in 1834,, and rear-admiral in 1856. His series of charts of the above surveys are leading author- Bayley, Matthias, remarkable for lon- gevity; d.ab. 1789, at Jones's Creek, a branch of the Pedee in North Carolina, a. 136. He was baptized at the age of 134. His eyesight re- mained good, and he retained his strength, in a great degree, up to the time of his death. — Blake. BA.Y Bayley, Richard, M.D., physician and meJic^ilwiiter.b.Fairliulil.Ct., 174.3; d. Statuii Island, Aug. 17, ISOl. Having finished liis professional education in London, he settled in N.Y. in 1772. The prevalence of the croup in lliat city afforded him an opportunity for the display ol his skill and judgment, treating it in a new manner, as an inflajninatorv disease ; and, in 1781, his puhli.-.u i-.n, > i:lil .1 " A View of the Croup," led to il,. i : .-ii I lii^ plan. In the aulninn of 177', : i . , I London, where he enija-ed in .-iii.v ,.:!.! pia nrc witli tlieaidof Dr. Hunter; and, in the tollowing spring, he returned to N.Y. as asurgeon in the English army, under Sir \V. Howe. This post he rcsi;;ned in 1777, and passeil the re- sons, Willi. Coll.; sulii.v :m; \,r |,u'. a It. Mil- ■ '.II vollow- fever, in >>tii,h li- i. .-ii.l I- li ivr pioved its localc,ri.4in,iv|,„,l,,,!i,i, 1 1,- ili, ■,.,■> , ii , .nitagion. ofN.V., and. in \7'JS. [.m ■ ',,,• I. '■ :i- n the Health Otfice." II i : ; i I 1788, his house was liMi i:ii- li i' tor's Moh," vvhod.^tlM . . , , . . / n:, ing his valuaMr '-"l'.^ ■ i ■n\ , l.r- sidessomc vnln iM ■ i ' ■- r i : i: I .i liiiii the State of N.Y ; i . :: .:..iiM1I.' laws. In 17S1 , 1p' pii'i Anji.ii Tn.-liralis," with the mode of cure, 8vo, N.Y. — Thadi'-r. Baylies, Francis, lawyer and politician, b. Taunton, Ms., Oct. 16, 178.3; d. there Oct. 28, 1852. After receiving an academical edu- cation, he practised law in Taunton. M C. 1821-7 ; member of the State legisl. 1827-32 and in 183.5; register of probate, 1812-20; charffi d'affaires to Brazil in 1832. Author of a v'aluahie history of Plym. Col., 2 vols. 8vo, 1828, rcpub., with notes and additions by S G. Drake, in 1866. Baylies, Nicholas, judge, b. U.xbridge, Ms., 1772; d. Lyndon, Vt., Aug. 17, 1847. Dartm. Coll. 1794. He practised law at Wood- stock and Montpelier, and was a judge of the Supreme Court of Vt. in 1831-4. Author of " A Digested Index lo the Modern Reports of the Courts of Common Law in Eng. and the U.S." 3 vols., 1814; and an " Essay on Free Agency." Baylies, William, M.D., physician, b. Uxbridge, Ms., Dec. 5, 1743 ; d. Dighton, Ms., June 17, 1826. H. U. 1760. He established himself as a physician in Dighton, where he remained through life an exceedingly successful and popular practitioner. He zealously en- gaged in the political controversies of the times, was a representative of the town of Dighton ; a member of the 3 Prov. Congresses of Ms. in 1775, serving on several important commit- tees; was also a member of the State conven- tion that adopted the Federal Constitution ; and State senator, 1783. He was for several years a judge of the C. C. P. for the- county of Bristol, and for a long time register of probate for that county. M. C. 1805-9. Member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences ; of the Ms. Hi.st. Soc, and also of the Ms. Medical Soc., of which he was one of the founders. His two Francis, wore both disting. Baylor, Coi,. George, Revol. officer, b. HauuviT Co., Va. ; d. 1784, at Barbadoes, whiili'-r In.' hud gone forhis health. App. aide to Washington; Aug. 1.5, 177."); served at Trenton, and carrie-d the news of that success to Congress, by whom he was |irrspiit"d with a horse caparisoned for sor\ i ■ . :i;i'! riuni- mended for promotion. Made . ; ' i ,i , Jan. 8, 1777; surprised an I !ii; i v wounded on the night of Sapi l; i,, at Tappan, N.Y., by Gen. Grey. o7 ot hw men were butchered in cold blood, and the remain- der, with himself, captured. He served to the close of the war, and was esteemed an officer of bravery and merit. Bayly, Thomas Henry, M. C. from Va., b. Accomac Co., Va., 1810 ; d. there June 22, 1856. U of Va. Son of Thos. M. (177.5-7. Jan.1834. M. C. 1813-15. X. .T. i •.11, 1 7n I.) He came to the bar in 1830 .\ he was chosen a member ol til \ I was ro-el.rted for five vears in -n. . 11.^ ua- , ;.-. 1-1 l.v thai l,..:'lv al.iiu - a.ufniilitia; \l. . ■ a III.' In. II, (•..ininiti.' Wavs and .M. alls. H.. luaal and dual oil the spot" where Ins i;in;li.,li aiuasioiN laiidod in 1666, and where tlii-v I'-tal.li-lin.l till' faiiiilv home. Beach, Adhvha-u, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1789.) Frot.-Epis. clergvman, b. Cheshire, Ct., Sept. 9, 1740; d. Sept! 11, 1828. Y. C. 1757. He was ord. by the bishop of London in June, 1767. Rector of N. Brunswick, N.J , until 1783; assist, minister of Trinity Church, N.Y., 1783-1813. He pub. " Hearing the Word," and a " Funeral Sermon on Dr. Chandler," 1790. Beach, Moses Yale, invent, and pub., b. Wallingford, Ct., Jan. 7, 1800; d. there July 18, 1868. Exhibiting in his boyhood some mechanical skill, he was apprenticed to a cabi- net-maker at Hartford, subsequently went into business for himself at Northampton and Springfield ; manufactured a gunpowder en- gine for propelling balloons, and endeavored to introduce steam-navigation on the Con- necticut, between Hartford and Springfield. His plan was executed by others, his inventive skill enabling them to take a steamer over what liad before been deemed the insurmount- able Enfield Falls. He next devised a rag- cutting machine, now in general use in paper- mills ; then engaged in the manufacture of paper in Ulster Co., N.Y., but lost during the 7th year all he had before made. In 1835, he removed to New York, became interested in the Sun newspaper, the pioneer of the penny press, of which he soon made himself sole proprietor. During the Mexican war, he was sent to Mex- ico by Pres. Polk, as an agent, to arrange a treaty of peace. The negotiations, however, when nearly concluded, were broken off by a false report that Santa Aiia had annihilated the army of Gen. Taylor. Mr. Beach retired from business in 1857, and returned to his native town. Beall, Benjamin Lloyd, col. U.S.A., b D.C. ; d. Bait., Aug. 16, 1863. Sou of Maj. Beall BEA. of Md. ; app. cailet, Jan. 181-1; capt. Wash. City Vols, lor the Florida war, Jiinu 1, 18.36; capt. 2d Dra>;oons, June 8, 18-36; brev. major, March 15, 1837, " for -allantry in war against Florida Iniliariv ; " niaj' Ht Dragoons, Feb. 16, 1847; hrev. liiii! -.'••\ . '■ i^imillant conduct in battle of Saiit L I 1 11/, I U >-.ilos, Mex.," Mar. 16, 1848; lii'vit ml Mar. i, li^jb ; col. 1st Cav- alry, May 1.3. isbl ; retired Feb. 15, 1862.— Gardner. Beall, Gen. Reazin, d. Wooster, Ohio, Feb. 20, 184'i, a. 7,3. App. from Pa. ensign, March 7, 1792; batt.-adj, and .fma^tor, 1793; .served under Wavue ; and « a, Kli^-i;r„. of Ohio Vols, in Sept. 1812. lb- ^Hvupird various Beall, William Dent, col. U.S.A., b. 5 ; d. Prince George Co., Md., Sept. 24, disting. at -:;en. and dod June iSoS; col. Apr 5 e/^:*^, beihtown, N.J. After hrin- roctor of St. Peter's Church, Albany, N.Y .■n.,r,-tnrof Christ Church, IJaltiu'iore. h • wa- ., ill 1S13, app. pro- vost of the U. of Pa .. Hlli ,rz al..u the chair of Mental Philn.ophv. Urn ," lie pal.., in 1822, "A Search ..r Trut h ill til.- ^ yrar-' ronncction Md 1829; a maj. in the Revol. Long Island and at C maj. 9th Inf. Jan. 8, dept.-insp.-gen. Apn 15, 1800; lieut.-col.5i 3d Inf. Nov. 30, 1810 to 5th Inf. ; resigned Aug. 15, 1812 ; he com. a regt. of militia in the battle of Blavlensburg; sheritf of Prince George County. — Gardner. Beard, James H., artist, h. Buffalo, 1815. James, his father, removed to Painesvillc, 0.; d. there ab. 1827, leaving a wife and 5 small children p.-nniless. With little teaching, he made himself aportraii ;i:iiiii' 1, i: d in (in cinnati, and was many , i , ; the West. Hepaintrdll i . i I and J. Q. Adams. A i In- . >.niiM,-ii i.ni- are " Tlie Long Bill," " Tiie Land .S|>eculat- or," and the " North Carolina Emigrants." — TnrL.rmnn. Beard, W.m. H., artist, bro. of James H., b. I'aiur.sville, 0., ab. 1824. At the age of 21, he bee ime a peripatetic portrait-painter ; settled in BuH'alo in 1850; visited Europe in 1858-60, and after the loss of his wife, to whom he had been recently united, in the latter year set- tled in N.Y. City. He lirought with him a few humorous pictures, " The A-stronomer," " The Owl," " Bears on a Bender," and " Grimalkin's Dream." His other pictures are " The Guar- dian of ihe Flag," "In and out," " Little Red Riding Hood," " Christmas Eve," " Raining Cats and Dogs," " A Bird in the Hand," and "Dance of Silenus." — Tuckerman. Beardsley, Samuel, LL.D. (Ham. Col. 1849), a N.Y. politician, lawyer, and judge, b. Otsego Co., N.Y. ; d. Utica, N.Y., May 6, 1860. He studied law in Rome, Oneida Co., where he practised until his removal to Utica in 1825; dist. atty. of Oneida Co., 1821-5 ; was State senator in 1823; U.S. dist. atty. for the north- ern district of N.Y. in 1827-31 ; M.C. from Oneida Co., N.Y., in 1831-6 and 1843-5; and chairman of the judiciary committee; atty.- gen. of N.Y., 1837 ; app. jud.ge of the Sup. Court of N.Y., 1844, and chief-justice in 1847. Beasley, Frederick, D.D., Pr.-Ep. cler- gyman and writer, b. near Edenton, N.C., in 1777; d. Elizabethtown, N.J., Nov. 2, 1845. ■ N.J. Coll. 1797. He was a tutor in that insti- tution in 1798-1800, and, in 1801, was ord. ■ deacon, and took charge of a parish in Eliza- '..ilHthtowii. lie also pub. 'An li.xaniina- 1 of the Oxford Divinity; or, the Xracta- , Conlrnversv."— C/ufe. Jeasley, n'j-li ;,'i)Vt. aid, and succr- i:i' ■'■ !:!!'■ .■■ • ! ^ Doiis kiuds. The aid lurn. ,i ! .. i; i n , , :i i. ,vas of in- calculabU-ii.i>,, ,,,,_. ... i.,r .\,„: , , ,u»e. The recent bioL;iapiiy ..I lins kih.ii ival.le man, by M. de Lomenie, discloses the I'aUity of Arthur Lee's statement to Congress, that this aid to Amer. was a gift : it was not so. The ship- ments of Uodcrique Hortalez & Co. were to be re-imbursed by return-cargoes of rice, to- bacco, and indigo; and the falsehood of Lee placed Silas Deane in the position of a man trying fraudulently to obtain payment for a gift, and prevented Beaumarchais from furnish- ing further aid, by cutting off his means of doing so; since he had already far exceeded the capital loaned him by France and Spain. — .See De Lomenie, " Beaumarchais and his Times." Beaumont de (deh-bo'-mon'), de la Bonniere, Gustave Augusts, a French advocate and writer, b. depart, of Sarthe, Feb. 6, 1802; d. Paris, Feb. 22, 1866. In 1831, he was commissioned, with DeTocqueville, to visit the U.S., and examine its penitentiary system. Their roport, " Du Si/steme Peniteidiaire aux iStats Unis et de son ' Ap/ilicalion en France," has become a standard work on the subject. Beaumont also wrote " Marie, ou de I'Esclavage aux iStats Unis," which has been translated and reprinted in the U. S. He was a member of the ebamber ot deputies in 1840, of the con- stituent assembly, 1848, and was app. ambassa- dor to Eng. by Gen. Cavaignae. He was a grandson of Lafayette, and, in 1836, he ra. a grand-dau. of the marquis. He was imprisoned for opposition to the ro/i/; it'elat. of Dec. 2, 1851. He wrote in 1839 " L'hlande, Sociale, Politique, el Reiigieuse " (2 vols., 1839). Beaumont, William, M. D., a celebrat- ed physician, b. Lebanon, Ct., in 1785; d. St. Louis, Apr. 25, 1853. After completing his medical education at St. Alban's, Vt., in 1812, he was app. assist, surgeon in the U. S. army, in which he served until 1837. In 1825, while stationed at Miehilimacinac, he became acquainted with the Canadian St. Martin ; and it is to hi-, experiments with this man, that Dr. Beaumont is indebted for his wide-spread fame. A gunshot wound in the side of St. Martin, healed without closing up, so that the stomach was exposed to observation ; and Dr. Beau- mont made careful experiments for several years upon the processes of digestion. The result of his observations, pub. in 1838, shed 'C^ new ]i;i-ht upon this most interesting and important subject, and is the only authority, based on actual observation, in that branch of science. After leaviu- the army, Dr. Beau- mont practised his profession at St. Louis. Beauregard, Peter Gustavos Ton-. TANT,(;en. C S..\., b. on his father'.s plantation, near N. Orleans, 1817. West Point, 1838. Entering the 1st Art., he was transferred to the engineer corps ; became 1st lieut. in 1839, and in the Mexican war won the brevets of capt. at Contreras and Churubusco, and maj. at Chapultepee, where he was twice wounded. He was present at the capture of the city of Mexico, and received another wound at the Helen Gate. Capt. Mar. 3, 18.53. After the war, l>e had charge of the construction of the N. Orleans mint and custom-house, and of the fbviilications near the mouths of the Mpi. Resiiining his commission Feb. 20, 1861, he joined tlie rebel army ; was made brig.-gen., conducted the attack on Fort Sumter, and, in June, took com. of the army at Manassas. July 21, he gained the battle of Bull Run, and was the same day promoted to be gen. C.S.A. Mar. 5, 1862, he took com. of the army of the Miss., under Gen. A. S. Johnston, who joined him at Corinth, ab. Apr. 1, and directed the battle of Shiloh until he was killed, Apr. 6 ; after which, Beauregard held the chief com. Fortifying himself at" Corinth, he held the army of Gen. Halleck in check for nearly 2 months, and, when forced to retire, did so with slight loss. He was soon after relieved, at his own request, on account of ill health. In Aug., he received the com. of the military dept. com- posed of S. C. and Ga. Jan. 31, 1863, he is- sued a proclamation, as gen. com'g in S. C, that the blockade of Charleston harbor had been raised. This canard was soon disproved ; but he snceessfuUv defended Charieston against Dahlgren and Gil more. In May, ISW, he joined Lee at Richmond ; com. at Petersburg in June; took com of the military division of the West, Oct. 17, and com. at Charleston, S.C, in the following spring; but, on Gen. Sherman's approach, retired to N. C, and united his forces with those of Gen. J. E Johnston, who surrendered soon after to Sher- Beck, Charles, Ph. D., LL.D. (H. U. 1865), .-xholar, b. Heidelberg, Germany, Aug. 19, 1798; d. Cambridge, Ms., Mar. 19, 1866. Educated at the U. of Berlin, he studied theol- ogy also ; was ord July, 1822, and, in 1823, re- ceived his degree at Tiibingen. He was some time tutor at the U. of Basle; but his republi- can sentiments endangered his liberty, and, in 1824, he came to New York. He soon con- nected himself with the Round Hill School, Nortliainpton, but in 18.30 established a school at Philip.-town, on the Hud^on, opposite West Poiul. From 1832 to 1850, he was prof, of Latin language and literature at Cambridge U. He pub. in 1863 "The Manuscripts of the Satyricon of Petronius Arbiter, described and colfaled." He was a member of the Oriental Society, and of the Acad, of Sciences ; was 2 years in the State legisl., was a man of en- larged views and great public spirit; and was specially interested iti the soldiers' fund, the sanitary rn the rap- 111! Beck, ' ;for i I- t. 1), Eng., 174'J; d. !.■ .iii_; .11, K,^.. 1 1. ■ -i, 1812. He was app. prui. ui inaiiicuMtiLs in the Royal Acad, at Woolwich in 1776, but lost the office for neglecting its duties. After coming to Amer. in 1795, he was employed in painting by Mr. Hamilton of the Woodlands, near Phila. Besides original poetic pieces, he trans- lated Anacreon, and large portions of Homer, Virgil, and Horace. He pub. " Observations on the Comet," 1812. Beck, John Brodhead, M.D., h. Sche- nectady, Sept. 18, 1794; d. Rhinebeck, N.Y., Apr. 9, 1851. Colnmb. C0II.ISI3. Bro. ofT. R., Nicholas, Lewi,, mi .\'.i ,:, i ,1 Bock. Ed- ucated by his nncli', V. 1 1'. i; eyn of Rhinebeck. He vr.u 1 i ; : j> .• on the completion of his \\\ • 1 , n 1S17, and became di-tiiu. In l-jj. .'.rli lii- Iiviknian and Franci-, III' r-: ; vi^li .1 ih.' .\" Y \l ■' hi.l PhlS.Jonm: .A :. , . [, !,. v.M - 7 M.ii- ruwf medica and buiany in the Coll. of Pliysicians and Surgeons, but subsequently exchanged the chair of botany for that of medical jurispru- dence, which, together with that of materia medica, he continued to hold until his death. Physician of the N. Y. Hospital, 1835-45. He pub. "Medical Essays," 1843, and, with his bro. T. KouK-yn Bick, ijroduced the great work on " .\I i' ,1 .1 j, .-mudeuee," 1823. Al- so author m: I I , ;\i|.entics," 12mo, N. Y., 1849: 11 >, ui the State of Medi- cine in til- ( m;,,iii,., ' i-.'Ki. — See Memoir, by C. R. Gilmnn, m G,-o.., M,J. L.j. Beck, Pall, a pliilanthropie merchant, b. Phila. ab. 1760; d. there Dec. 22, 1844. His father emigrated from Nuremberg in 1752. 'I'll.' «nn wa« :i|,nrpnt.>.'.l w n winf-nierchant. u.;, ,01,- |,ui;-.|.,ii..lui ui r.,i..i, ..lie of the fonndLTS of the Pa. Acad, of Fini; Arts, pres. and a liberal benefactor of the Deaf and Dumb 1, one of the originators, and subse- BED qucntly tlic pre s., of the Amer. S. S. Union, ;il coutiib. t.) literary, religious, ilnd ch'aritalilo . uUjoets. Beck, T„c. .Douic RoMET-f, M.D., LL.D., iaa„il,nr,h Srl„-nr,-ta.lv,N.Y., 11 All-. 17yi ; .1. Unr:,, X.V., i:i X..V. is:^:^. Uii. t:oll. 1807. IK: slna...! ,„r.liri,„, lUMl.T Dr. Ho^^irk, „1 .tain.Ml In, ,1,.^hv hi ISIl, lie- gan ,>::;.■■:-.• ,;, \"mt aihliii Ksl;! adtlressed tlK- .\: rt-soiii . . pal,. >,.,:, - • -• .\ upon the mineral ed to he the first Ainer. minerals. .> I.l'nl, 1,1 llir i ■iiti', nf modicine, and luttuni r on nied. inn- prii :'ii.- Mil the Coll. of I'll vs. am 1 Siir-eoii- III W. -■< n: \. Y.; prof. of mod. ju risp. ^at Fan del. 1 Mi-d Coll. in 1826-36, an d, Horn isau t U ■<40 iirof of mate- riamedica; prof of materia i inediea in the Al- bany JVIed. Coll. 1340-54 ; prineipal of the Al- bany Aoa.l . 1 SI 7-48; nu ide pre.s. of the State M.-d. s,. 1,. '> ia i^:n; :, -la^eroftheN.Y. Stat' i haiiv [,;■.: \-;. ■ ,■: ill 1854 elected !■ .porter of the Al- 1, its pres; mem- bei-'ol man V learned ,so,'i i'lK ■s, and an earnest promoter ol all philantlire iiiic enterprises. His statisiicj of ■ the deaf and du mb influenced the State k-isi . to take ni.-.i -ur. .^ for their cduca- tion. He c ■dit. d h.r ni.r . ,i. ,!,■ Au.rrictn Journal of /. . ,., i 1 - ': |.-'. Ills fa- mens wofk nil ■ \|-:i 1 .!■ ■■ ■ ii ■ iii'r," — a staiulnrrl w, Ilk 1 1 !.,.,.■; i Aiiieriea. UeaUopul trilK. tiM!.i 171,; d IS27. Oneofthe first native i 'i i , m , h i iii the bar, leader of the oppo-iii I (, I I iig in the As- seinhly, and uu, ui ;.ij : ...adcis of Le Catia- dii-n. newspaper. He was imprisoned for some violent atiaeks upon the executive in this jour- nal, and, after his release was long a district ■y^Vs^.-Mnrnan. Bedel, Cor.. Timothy, Revol. ofTicer, d. IlaverhiH. N Ii.. Feb. 1787. Originally from Salea., N.II., 'he settled in Haverhill, was a lieut. in GoH'e's re>;t in 1760, and served fa Canada. App. capt. of rangers, July 6, 1775. Col. 1st N. U. regi. Jan. 20, 1776, he joined the Northern army under Schuyler. While absent at Montreal on duty, his subordinate, Capt. Butterfield, surrendered in a most cowardly manner at the Cedars. July 30, 1776, he was ordered by Congress to be tried by court-mar- tial for neglect of duty. He was afterward maj.- grn. 2.1 div. X. H. militia. Bedell, Gheoort Townsesd, D D., an elo.iuuiit (d. i-vnian. h. Staten Island, Oct. 28, 179y; d. r.al.i'i •■■ Ai.L- -io, 18'U. Col. Coll. 1811. Hi- 11: ■;• ..f r.i-lio]) Moore of Va. Oi.l I I :i \ 1. I'-ll. In 1815,he became rc-t... ..I i.h- . .li m Hudson, and, in 1818, of tliat ill Fayelieville, iN.C, when, after 3 years of successful labor, ill health in- duced him to come north. The Church of St. Andrew's, in Phila., was built for him, and was consecrated May 21, 1823. Here Dr. Bedell officiated till his death. His sermons were re- markable for simplicity and point ; and none could have heard himpreach without remem- bering and apjireciating the peculiarities of his oratory. He pub. " Cause of the Greeks," 1827; "Ezekiel's Vision;" "Is it WelH " " It is well ; " "Onward, or Christian Progres- sion;" "Pay thy Vows;" "Renunciation;" " Way Marks ; " " Basket of Flowers ; " " Bi- ble Studies," 2 vols., 1829; "Religious Sou- venir," 1834. Thirty of his sermons were pub., with a Memoir by Rev. Dr. Tyng, 1836, 8to, Bedford, GnNNiNC. Revol. patriot, mem- ber Old Congress in 178-3-5; gov. of Del. 1796- 7 ; d. Newcastle, Del., 30 Sept. 1797, while in office. B. Phila. Lieut, in the French war in 1755; maj. 20 Mar. 1775; lieut.-col. in Has- let's regt., 19 Jan. 1776, and wounded at White Plains; mii?-ter-m.-gen. 18 June, 1776. — See Lif <;.o. l;,u>l. I,,/ Win. T. Reed, 1870. Bedford, Gu.vning, jun., cousin of the preeidinLT, alMia Revol. patriot, b. Phila., 1747; d. Wilmington, Del., 30 Mar. 1812. N.J. Coll. 1771. Practised law at Dover, and afterwards at Wilmington, Del. Member of the legisl., and atty.-gen. of the State; member Cont. Congress, 1785-6, and of the convention that formed the U. S. Constitution ; U. S. district jndge from 1789 to his death. — Life of Geo. Read. Bedford, Gunning S.,M.D. (Rutg. Coll. 1829), b. Baltimore, 1806; d. N.Y. City, 5 Sept. 1870. Mt. St. Mary Coll. 1825. Grand- nephew of the preceding. Prof at Charleston, S.C.,and afterwards in the Albanv Med. Coll., but in 1836 went to N.Y., and' obtained a lucrative practive. Prof, of niidwileiy in the U. of N.Y., 1840-62. Author of " Lectures on the Diseases of Women and Children," " Midwiferv," 1859, and has translated from the French; and edited," Chailly's Midwifery," " Magrier's Anatomy," " Baudelocque on Puerperal Fever," "Boisseau on Cholera, &c." Bedinger, Maj. George M., Revol. offieer, b. Va. ; d. Lower Blue Licks, Ky., ab. 1830. One of the earliest emigrants to Ky., be served as adj. in the exped. against Chil- licothe in 1779, as maj. at the battle of Blue Licks in 1782, and did good service throughont the war as an Indian spy. He led a batt. from VVinchester, Va., under St. Clair, in his exped. in 1791 ; was maj. of U.S. Inf. from Apr. 1792, to Fib. 1793 ; was amoniberof the 78 Ky. legisl. in 1792, and M. C. from 1803 to 1807. Bedinger, Henry, politician, b. near Slieplierdstown, Va., 1810; d. there Nov. 26, 1858. Daniel his father, a Revol. soldier and a Democ. leader, d. ab. 1820. He began to practise law at Shephcrdstown at 22 ; was after- wards a partner of his bro.-in-law, Gen. George Rust, at Chailestown ; succeeded him as M. C. in 1845-9, and, in 1853-8, was minister to Den- mark, settling by a treaty the vexed question of the Sound dues. He was a popular and effective speaker. Bee, Barnard E., brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Charleston, S.C., ab. 1825 ; killed atthe battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861. West Point, 1845. Entering the 3d Inf., he was brev. for gal- lantry at Cerro Gordo, where he was wounded, and for Chapultepec, where he was one of the storming-pany. 1st lieut. 1851 ; capt. 10th Inf. Mar. 3, 1855, and, being ordered to Utah, was acting licut.-col. of a batt. of vols, from Dec. 1837, to Sept. 1858. He resigned M.-ir. 3, 1861, and was app. brig.-gen. in the rebel army. Bee, JoDGE Thomas of S.C., a Revol. patriot; member of the Assembly, speaker of the house of reps., member of the privy council ; judge of the State courts ; member of the council of safety ; lieut.-gov. ; member of Continental Congress, 1780-2, and finally judge of the district. Suffered greatly in prop- erty by the war. He pub. " Reports of the Dist. Court of S.C." 1810. Beebe, Bezaleel, Col., a Revol. officer, b. Litchfield, Ct., Apr. 28, 1741 ; d. there May 29, 1824. In 1 758, he joined Rogers's Rangers, and was engaged in the sanguinary fight in which Putnam was captured, and shared in the reduction of Montreal. Capt. in Jan. 1776, he was app. to Hinman's regt., and was made prisoner at the capture of Fort Washington. Maj. in Aug. 1777, havingjust been exchanged; lieut.-col. 1780; col. early in 1781; and was soon after app. to the command of the Ct. troops raised (or the defence of the sea-coast. From Oct. 1781 to 1795, he was frequently a member of the State legisl. His son Ebenczcr, maj. U.S. A., d. in the service during the War of 1812. Beecher, Catherine Esther, eldest dau. of Kev. Lyman, b. East Hampton, L.I., Sept. 6, 1800, received her early education at Litchfield. The death of Prof Fisher of Yale Coll., to whom she was betrothed, was a severe blow, from which she sought consolation in a life of activity. In 1822-32, she conducted a female sem. at Hartford, and prepared for the press a manual of arithmetic, 1830, and ele- mentary books of instruction in theology and moral philosophy. In 1832, she accomp. her father to Cincinnati, where, for 2 years, she was at the head of an institution for female in- struction. She has for many years employed herself in developing a plan for female Chris- tian education, to be promoted through a national board, with high schools and normal schools to provide a sufficient supply of well- instructed teachers. Among her writings in this cause are " Domestic Service," " The Duty of Amer. Women to their Country," " The True Remedy for the Wrongs of Wo- man," 1851; "Treatise on Domestic Econo- my," a work on "Physiology, and the Comlition and Habits of American women," ISaiJ, ami thefirst vol.of a courso on tlno'n^y an.l umral philo.sophy. She ha- al-r, [ml,. ■■ ll,,ii-, l.r,|i(T'.s Receipt Book," " Sii-L:.-th.n- im IMucaiicjn," 1829; "Letters on l)iiH.-uiiir~ in IJih-ion," 1836; "TheMoral Instructor,' IS.J8; Memoir of her brother. Rev. George Beecher, 1844; " Truth Stranger than Fictidn," 1830; Phys- iology and Calisthenics," " Letters on Health and Happiness," 1835. Beecher, Charles, son of Dr. Lyman, b. 1810. Ord. 1844 pastor of a cl Newark, since 18.' Incarnat Son; " ISa the Bible," 1855. With his broihcr Henry Ward, he prepared the " PIvmouth Coll. of Hymns and Tunes," 1836. 'Beecher, Edward, D.D. (Marietta Coll. 1841), eldest son of Rev. Lvman, clerirvman, b. 1804. y. C. 1822. He studied divinity at Andover and New Haven; wiis tutor at Y.C. in 1825, pastor of Park-st. Church, Boston, 1826-31; pres. III. Coll., Jacksonville, 1831- 44 ; pastor of Salem-st. Church, Boston, 1846- 56 ; now pastor of a church in Galesburg, III. He has pub. " Conflict of Ages," 1854, " Papal Conspiracy," 1833, a work on "Baptism," 12mo, 1850^ and "Riots at Alton," 1838. Beecher, Henrt Ward, a popular orator, and minister of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, N.Y., son of Rev." Lvman Beecher. b. Litch- a j^, field, Ct., June 24, 1813. Ainh. Coll. 18;!4. ci- />rWA* He studied theology under his father at the ^ ll.'^xju. mi Lane Sem. , Cin cinn'aii iii id wa.sHrst settled in 1837 as Pn -li. 1 nilil^trv' at I-auniKcburg, Ind. In 1839, la r, 1!) nana s. In 1847, he becanir pa-I IT Hi liir TK th Church. He visitL.l laij 111 ;ll<' M iniiiiir of 1863, and rendered ii n|'Mi lain -I'lvir L' to his country by hiseloqur,, I \ in ilira;iiin nt its policy in the war for the i:ii hill In .\;>.-. 1 8C5, at the request of the g.,v t, Ul ■ iklivrrcd an oration at Fort Sumter; oi I th( ; anniversary of its fall. Be- sides occasi ional addresses , he is the author of " Lectures to Yc .ungMen,' 'editor of "The Ply- mouth Collection of Hymns," also one of the founders of the Independent, a weekly religious newspaper of N.Y. Two vols, of these contribu- tions have been collected under the name of the " Star Papers." Fragments from his discourses, entitled " Life-Thoughts," and " Notes from Plymouth Pulpit," have had a wide circulation. He has also pub. "Eves and Ears," 1862; "Freedom and War," 1863; '■ N<>rnn„d," a novel of New-England life, Im'.Ii ; ami ■ Sn- mons," 2 vols. 8vo. He is a |M.|iulai liituiiT; and, as a preacher, he addie>r- luni-rli with vigor and effect to the hearts and unlUl^tailll- ings of his hearers. He opposed the in-tltutiun of slavery, and, in the presidential contest of 1856, took an active part in favovof the Repub- licans, not only with his pen, but by addressing mass meetings throughout the Northern States. — See Men of our Time, hif H. B. Stowe. Beecher, Lvman, D D., an eminent Prcsb. UKT. clergyman, b. N. Haven, Ct., Oct. 12, 1775 ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Jan. 10, 1863. Y.C. 1797. He studietl theology umlcr Pres. Dwight; was pastor oC the ohiiiL-li in E. Hampton, L.I., from Dec. IT^w t.i l>*m : ''t tlie I'irst Church, Litch- fiel.l, I ' ti-ii I -M ... 1826; of the Hanover- st. I li!.: , l; 1... in 1826 to 1832, and of the S . .11 ,.,.,..,( iiicinnati, O , in connec- tion Willi ilic [ii^-i.leucy of the Lane Theol. Scm. thcic, Irom lS32 to 1851. Returning to Boston, he preached occasionally, but removed to IJrooklyn in 1855. where he ended his days, in Lit.hli.jil.h.-ai.le.l in ..i-nnizing the Mis- sioiuirv, tlir i;.lii.':in..;i, 1111.1 ilic Amer. Bible boldn i.ido deep the He was tlu 3st influential, preacher iu the country, from 1815 to 1851. He was conspicuous in the temperance move- ment, and pub. a famous series of sermons on intemperance, which greatly aided the cause. His numerous publications, mostly sermons, iuchide a vol. on " Political Atheism." His Autobioi^raphv, and a selection of his works, edited by his son Charles, were pub. in 1865, in 2 vols., 12rao. His works, 3 vols., 8vo, were pub. Boston, 1 852. All his sons became Cong. clergymen ; viz , William, Edward, D. U., George (d. 1843), Henry Ward, Charles, Thos. K., and James. The daughters are Catherine E. and Harriet (well-known authors), Mary, and Isabella. Beechey, Fredeeic William, British navigator, b. London, Feb. 1796 ; d. there Nov. 29, 1856. Son of the painter, Sir Wm. He entered the navy at the age of 10, and saw service at New Orleans; a lieut. in 1815; in 1818, he sailed under Sir John Franklin on his first voyage of arctic discovery, acting as artist to the exped. In 1819, he accomp. Sir Edward Parry in " The Hecla," in his first arctic voy- age. In 1821, he was commissioned, with his brother, H. W. Beechey, to survey the north coast of Africa from Tripoli to Dcrne. Made a com., he sailed in 1825, in " The Blossom," on another arctic exped., via Cape Horn, to act in concert with Franklin and Parry, and, having pas.sed Behring's Straits, arrived in Aug. 1826, at a pohit north of Icy Cape, reach- ing in boats 71° 23' 31" N. lat., and 156° 21' 30" W. long. He pub. a narrative of this voy- age in 1831. Beechey subsequently discovered, in 1827, two secure harbors south-east of Cape Prince of Wales, and near Behring's Straits, which he named Port Clarence and Grantly Harbor. In 1829-39, he was employed in mak- ing surveys of the coasts of S. America and Ireland. In 1854, he was app. rear-adm. of the blue, and in 1855 was chosen pres. of the Roy. Geog. Society, Behem, Martin, geographer and navi- gator, b. Nuremberg, ab. 14.30; d. Lisbon, July, 1 506. He studied astronomy and mathema- tics ; went in 1477 to Flanders, and in 1430 to Lisbon, where he is said, by Herrera, to have sustained Columbus's view of a western passage to India. In 1483, he was app. a conimis. for calculating an astrolabe and tables of declen- sion. Next year, he was cosmographer to the exped. to the W. coast of Africa. In 1486, he established a Flemish colony at Fayal, and in 1490 returned to Nuremberg, where he con- structed a terrestrial globe, on which historical notices were written, and which is a valuable memorial of the discoveries and geog. knowl- edge of the time. The discovery of Fayal is claimed for Behem in 1459, and of Brazil in 1484 (8 years before the voyage of Co- lumbus). Behring, Vitus, a Danish navigator, well known for his shipwreck and death on an island still (ii-rin'j. hv Iiis n.ime, b. Hor-seus, Jutland, IC.s'. : I 1 1. '^ 1741. In his youth, he made s, .. I , . . ihc East and West Indies. !!.■ nii.,. , i.i i;j:., an exped. to the Northern tsea,-. lu iii»i.j\ er an overland passage to America. He served in the Russian navy, and, in 1728, was intrusted by Peter the Great with an exped. to ascertain how far the coast of Amer. extended towards the east, but made no discoveries of consequence, either in this or the two subsequent voyages for the same govt. in 1730 and 1741. In the last of these at- tempts, he was shipwrecked and lost in the straits, and on the island which retain his name. He became a commodore in 1732. Though Behring's exped. terminated so unfor- tunately, the finding of this island led to the discovery of others abounding with valuable furs, and finally to that of the Aleutian Isles: it is also the foundation of the claim of Russia to that part of America. Belcher, Sir Edward, arctic explorer, grandson of Judge Jonathan, b. 1799. Entered the English navy, 1812; present at the battle of Algiers; coni. "The JEinn," 1830; "The Terror," and " The Erebus,'' ^or arctic service, in 1833, and "The Sulphur" in 1836-42; knighted in 1843; capt. of " The Samarang" in the E. Indies, 1843-9 ; com. the exped. in search of Sir John Franklin, 1852-4 ; admiral, 1861. Author of several narratives of his voy- ages, and other works. Beleher, Jonathan, a colonial governor, b. Cambridge, Ms., Jan. 1582 ; d. Elizabeth- town, N.J., Aug. 31, 1757. H.U. 1699. Son of Andrew, one of the council of the province, who d. in 1717 ; and grandson of Andrew, who lived in Cambridge in 1646. His education was carefully superintended by his father. Visiting Europe, he formed an acquaintance with the Princess Sophia and her son, after- wards King George I., which laid the founda- tion of his future honors. After his return from a six-years' sojourn, he was a merchant of Boston, a member of the Prov. Assembly, then a member of the council, and m 1729 was sent as agent of the province to I'ng- land. This position, according to Hutch- inson, was not attained by him in a very creditable manner. In 1730, he was app. gov. of Ms. and N H. He was superseded in 1741, in consequence of the violent clamor against him. He succeeded in vindicating him- self at the British court, and took the govt, of N.J., where he arrived in 1747, and where he 80 passed the ix-miiinder of his lil'c. He extended the chiirter of N.J. Coll., was its chief patron and benefactor, and rendered emincn' service to the State. Belcher, Jonathan, jurist, b. Boston, July 28, 1710; d. Halifax, March 29, 1776. H.U. 1728. .Sunof Gov. Jonathan. He studied law at the TeM.|ile, Londim, and attained some the first si-itl < : i I !■ :<>, alterwards callid Halifax, aiiW :i , i I :■ '. Mni..r cOMnoillor, was, on tlir .|< :ii ■: ' .- i.,iun-nrr, app. lic-ul.- Th. Halil h 111" .Mirm: lllrt', id ade a other ji:ew,Imss member ol the' .di CO sting, uncil, Belcher, Joseph, D.D., clergyman and author, b. Birmingham, Eng., April 5, 1794; d. Phila., July 10, 1859. He came to this country in 1844. His publications number nearly 200, AmoiiLC them are lives of Whiiefield :um1 U..h. iT II,, I, " Ili-mry of Re- ligious Dcii'i . . r -; 1 '-);" Bap- tist Manual. - . I ;iil. Foetieal Sketches oi l;i 'i-: .A >i; ]■■.(,, ■ I iie Clergy of America," lf<5.'); " 1 he Baptist Pulpit of the U.S.," 1850. He furnished many of the biog- raphies for the Amer. Portrait Gallery. His book was " A History of Hymns and their that Belgrano, Manuel, a South-American patriot, b. Buenos Ayres; d. 1820. His par- ents, who emigrated from Italy, were wealthy ; and their son, after completing his education at the U. of Salmanca, was app. sec. of the con- sulate at Buenos Ayres, and became popular. He entered zealously into the measure of de- posing the Viceroy Cisueros, in May, 1810. Raised to the rank of gen., he com. an unsuc- cessful exped. against Paraguay. Sept. 4, 1812, Belgrano gained a victory over the royalist gen. Pio Tristan at Tucuman, and on ihc 13th S"eb. following obtained another victory over him at Salta, but imprudently released Tris- tan and his troops upon their parole, which the Spaniards di.shoiiorably violated. In conse- quence of this. Gen. Pezuela.with the very same troops, added to others collected in Peru, at- tacked and defeated him at Vileapuzio, Oct. 1, 1813, and afjain at Ayoma in the same year; and San Mariin succeeded him in the com. Belknap, Jeremy, D.D. (H. U. 1792), clergyman and historian, b. Boston, June 4, 1744; d. there June 20, 1798. H. U. 1762. He studied theology, taught school 4 years, was pastor of a church in Dover, N.H., from Feb. 18, 1767, to 1786, and of the Federal-st. Church, Boston, from April 4, 1787, until his death. He founded the Ms. Hist. Society in 1794 ; was an overseer of Harvard TJ., and was a useful member of many literary and humane societies. He was a warm friend of the Ilevol. and of the Federal Constitution, an opponent of African slavery, and a ])roniotcrof literature and science. Besides numerous sermons, he pub. a " History of New Hampshire," 3 vols., 8vo, 1784-92; a collection of Psalms and Hymns, I79j ; "American Biography," 2 vols.. acentiir\ . m ilir Discovery of Amer- ica, 17'Jl: .In : , 11 ll^ upon the Character and Resunn.iuu ul (. Iiii.t," 179.i,^12mo; and contribs. to the t'u/iuuhiau and Boston mag- azines, the Hist. Colls., and the new.spapers of the day. His historical writings are charac- terized by extensive information and research. He was highly esteemed as a preacher. A Memoir, with selections from his corresp., was puh. by his grand-dan. in N. Y., in 1847. Belknap, Wimiam Ooidsmith, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., li.Xrwl,ni-li, X. v., Sept. 14, 17i)4; d. Fort Warl)it;,, T.x., Nov, 10, 1851. .Made a lieut. 23.1 lul. Api. .;. IM.'i ; disling, and wounded iu the sorlie from Fort Erie, 17 Sept. 1814; capt. 1 Feb. 1822; brev. raaj. 1 Feb, 1832; maj. 8th Inf. 31 Jan. 1842; and Mar. 15, 1842, brev. lieut.-col. for good con- duct in the Florida war. He was with Gen. Taylor on the Rio Grande; was brev. col. for services in the battles of May 8 and 9, 1846, and was presented with a sword by his fel- low-townsmen of Newburgh. Acting insp.- gen. at the capture of Monterey ; lieut.-col 5ih Inf. Sept. 26, 1847 ; brev. brig -gen. 23 Feb. 1847, for Buena Vista. F'roin Dec. 1848 to May, 1851, he was in com. of Fort Gibson. In 1828-9, Capt. Belknap established Fort Leav- enworth near the site of the thriving city of Belknap, Wiluam w.i.Mii. f war, 1869, li, lo-, 1831. N.J. (■< I 1 - : I : i - ton Mil. Coll, N.J. Served 111!. ; i : mil, a division. Coll. of revenue in Inwa. lSf.iJ-9. Bell, Charles H., rear-adm., b. New York, Aug. 15, 1798. Midshipm. June 18, 1812; ci^d.i'ji'^J lieut. Mar. 28,^^1820; com. Sept. 20, 1840; ' capt. Aug. 12, 1854; coninio. July 16, 1862; rear-adm. July 25, 1866. He was iii Decatur's squadron in 1813-14, in that of Chauncy on Lake Ontario, in 1814, and in Decatur's, in the Mediterranean, in 1815; in 1824, com. schooner "Ferret" in the W. Indies; was cap- sized at sea, and remained 21 hours on the wreck; attached to "The Eiie " in 1.S20; as- sisted in cutting out the piiai, ~, ! ih i I'nl- cral" from the forts at i^i; 1 ; com. Norfolk navy-yard, 1 I ■ ill • squad. 1862-4; N. Y. iKuv n,:i i, I- -^ _ IJamrrsI,/. Bell, Henry H., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. N.C. ah. 1808; drowned at the mouth of Osaka, River, Japan, Jan. 11,1868. Midshipm. Au,i;.4' 1823 ; lieut. Mar. 3, 1831 ; com. Aug. 12, 18:i4 , capt. 1861 ; commo. Julv 16, 1862 ; iTar-adin. July 25, 1866. His first service was in " The Grampus," in clearing the coast of Cuba of pirates. He com. one of the vessels of llic E. I, squadron, which, in Nov. 1856, captiucd and destroyed the four barrier forts near Canton, China. Assigned to the Gulf squadron in 1861, he took an active part, as fleet-captain, in the capture of New Orleans and the siege of Vicksburg, and did c-sential service in the coast blockade. He was for a time, in 1863, in com. of the West Gulf squadron ; and, when Adm. Thatcher was ordered to other duty, its com. again devolved on him. Iu July, i865, BEL 81 he was ordered to coin, the E. I. squadron, and was very active in putting down the pi- rates that infested the Chinese seas. In 18G7, he was retired, but had not been relieved when he was drowned. Bell, James, lawyer and statesman, b. Fran- ecstown, N.H., Nov."l3, 1804; d. Gilford, N.II., May 26, 18.57. Bowd. Coll. 1822. Son of Gov. Samuel. He studied law with his bro. Samuel D. Bell, and at the law school at Litehficlil, Ct.; in 1825, w.as adm. to p.aetiM' in Oilman- ton, N.II., and ab. 18:11 n n, ■> 1 i- i:x-i. i where he practised till \-'t i i to Gilford. In 18+G, li- : i , :li N. H. legist, from Ex^'t.r ; i:i 1 Vi, ;i ,iir,,,l. !■ of the State-Const. Conv. tioui Gilfoiil ; and in 18.5.5, he was elected by the leyisl. to t.ie U. S. Bell, John. rov. N. H., 1829-30; d. Ches- ter, K, II , -J M 11. Kii',, a. 70. Bro. of Gov. Sam'l l; M MX a merchant in Ches- ter; cii" 'i i State; and sheritf of Kockiii ■ ■<'' ! '--. Bell, ■''■■ > ., .[ !u 111. Iv nr;ir Nashville, Tenii . r ■ li, i: ': . l iIi ;■ S,.pt. 10, 1869. U.of Xi r III II- -: !•:: ■ I law; was adm. to the li.ir ill I [■:. 1111^1 sritlrd at Franklin, Williamson Cu. In 1817, he was elected to the State senate; was M. C. in 1827-41, offi- ciating during one term as speaker; was see. of war in H41 ; was in 1847 a member of the Tenn. Ii _i 1 , iiu, l"iiro the close of the year, was r\'-' I IS. senate, and was re- clcctcil II I - I 111- from time to time as cbairniiiM "i mi] 'iMnt committees. He was the Union candidate for Pres. in 1860, Mr. Ev- erett being on the ticket for vice-pres. In Con- gress, he was an earnest advocate of the policy of protecting American industry, and of im- proving the great rivers and lake harbors. He opposed nullification, favored the reception of petitions for the abolition of slavery in the District (if Columbia, opposed the polfcv of an- nexation i:iv..r. I 111- ro, „:„■,, i„i.,. ,n-:,:iMvsof and in an elaborate speech charged that that measure tended directly to the overthrow of the Union. Mr. Bell was one of the very few Southern men whose course was wholly na- Pres. Ms. Med. Asso. 1857. He went to the seat of war as surgeon of the 11th Ms. regt., but was .soon after maile brigade-surgeon in Hook-;', 'ill, .11. Pi, Cell was the authorof sever-' '.; I . iiii il \\-ojks,and soraepolit- iciil -I iiiM;, ligation of alleged Bell, Luther V, M.D., LL.D., physician, son of Gov. Sanil. Bell of N.H., b. Chester, N.H., Dec. 20, 1806; d. in camp near Budil's Ferry, Md.,Feb. 11,1862. Bowd. Coll. 18-'3. He studied medicine in N.Y. City with an elder liro., received his degree from the Hanover Med. School.and began practice in N.Y. Afterwards, removing to his native town, he became eminent as a surgeon and as a medical writer, gaining 2 Boylston prizes before he was 30. The es- tablishment of the State Lunatic Hospital at Worcester, Ms., caused him to advocate a simi- lar institution for N. H ; and he was snperin- tendent of the McLean Asvlnm, at Somerville, Ms., from Jan. 1837 to 1856. In 1845,hc visited Europe for the trustees of the Butler Hospital for the Insane, at Providence, R.I. Dr. Bell was in 1850 one of the exec, council of Ms., and was a member of the Const. Conv. of 1853. B..|! b. Va. July l8tS, to i'Vh. 1 S49 ; gov. 9 to 1853; M.C. 18.5.3-7, after- the Su])reine Court of the State. t:i:i„ LLT)., staton.an and ju- iil-irv, .\ II . >:■<.. :i, 1770; d. , l>-'. -;, 1- .o. l);„tm. Coll. a — -l-i , \\-:- on jiaallv from .. a, a a., a 1 ,-a ,. i-l-ny, Ire- - . - I li , who, an, I .aa i la ;li,i: |.i:i,a \, 11 La-aai as the town of Londunikrrv. where he d. in 1742. He worked on his fathei's farm imtil 18, ivhen he prepared himself for coll. After graduating, he studied law, and was adm. to practise in 1796 ; member of the legisl. in 1804-8, occupy- ing the position of speaker; in 1807 and 1808 was a member of the senate; in 1809, a mem- ber of the exec, council; in 1816-19, jndgeof the Sup. Court of the State; and in 1819-23, gov. Declining a re-election, be was a member of the U.S. senate from 1823 to 1835. He re- ceived the degree of LL.D. from Bowd. Coll. 1821. Among his sons were James, a celebrated lawyer, Saml. Dana, LL.D, and Lather V, M.U., LL.D. His youngest son, Col. Lewis Bell, b. 1836, d. of wounds at Fort Fisher, Jan. 16, 1865. Brown U. 1853. He began the practice of law, entered the army in April, 1861, as capt. 1st N.II. vols., and, at the lime of his death, was col. 4th NIL vols., and acting brig.- gcn. Bell, Samcel Dana, LL.D. (D.C. 1854), jurist, b. Francestown, N,H., Oct. 9, 1798; d. MMiirliester, N 11 .Inly .11 1 .sc.s II TT, 1816. Sonol (-0 Soal l;-a Ik I. ,., a.pracfise hnv . a M , , , I , isao, to Coi.-oi , III I ■. . I .; ;,,,,,, ; ,,!,.:!, I :-a;lilived in M la - : ; ,,,,, a uica.kc^ ul' the Icgisl. iala-' - : I KijcklnghamCo.in 1823- 8; - ik of the legisl.; coinmis- sloa a [ , ; , , : :, .^tatutcs of N.H. in 18.30, 184J, ,111.1 lai.7 ; j,Kl.gc of tlie Police Court, Manchester, 1S4G-'J ; justice of the Superior Court, 1849-55 ; justice of the Supreme t'ourt, 185.5-9; chief-justice, 1859, to Aug. 1, 1864. He was one of the most eminent and profound jurists of N.E., and an early and valuable member of the N.H. Hist. Society. Vice-pres. of the N.E. Hist. Gen. Society, from 1859 till his death. Bellamy, Joseph, DD (U. of Aberdeen, 1768). Cong, minister of Bethlehem, Ct., from 1740 to his d , 3 Mar, 1790 ; b. N. Ches- hire, Ct., 1719. Y.C. 1735. Hewasoneof the most learned divines of the country, was a supe- rior preacher, and instructed many young men in divinity. His system of theology is similar to that of'Jona. Edwards. Hisappearaiice was 82 commanding ; and he possessed great wit and humor. During tlie groat revival of 1742, he preached in manv pIuL-us iii N.K. ami NY. Author of •■Trur'R.ii,;-,, !>. li:,. ... ,1.- i;;,.,, "Thcruii, Paullui, \ ■ ■ . " : . ^ . "Xatiii-raiia Clou ; ■ >, I .' II works wui-c|,ul). Ill :; i.. - ,1-11, airi i;i L'%.,1. , 1830, wi;h a Memoir l.y Dr. T. EdivanU Bellingham, Richard, gov. of M.s., of which he was an original patentee, b. in Eng. in 1592; d. Kcc. 7, 1672. Ho was bred a lawyer; carao to Ainer. in IG'U.and the ne.Kt year was chosen deji, ;:ov. In nui, ho was chosen gov. inopp. to Wintliniji; was ro-ohoscii in 1654, and again in lii66, alt.T ihe .loath r.f Endicott, continuing in office for the remainder of his life. He was long a prominent public man, was dep.-gov. 13 years, and gov. 10. In 1064, he was made maj.-gon. ; and in that year the kinj; sent four .-mini-- r- i.i i,-i'il,iio the afFairsof the |ir.., i i; i.. i mi and others, who u. i I lo Eng., and answer ill , ili rn in person ; but th>' 1 1 , , i , . .t' the ministers, roui :; i i , : i ui tained the cUarloi- n ■ 11 M iw ever, was appeasnl li_\ inr pi. mmh uI ,i .:,i|,].Kid of masts. He was violontly opposed to inno- vation in religious matters, and was exceeding- ly severe towards the Quakers, who afiinn tliat he died distracted. This is rendered probable from the fact, that he suffered at times from temporary aberration of intellect. His sister Anne, widow of Wm. Uibbens, an assist., was executed as a witch in June, 1656. His will provided, that after the decease of his wife, ami of bis son by a former wife, and his grand- daughter, the bulk of his estate should be spent for the yearly maintenance "of goodly minis- ters and preachers " of the true church, which he considered to be that of the Congregation- alists. Bellomont, Richard Coote, Eari,, a popular colonial gov., b. 16.36 ; d. N.Y., Mar. 5, 1701. His father, Richard, was raised to the peerage for services in restoring Charles II. Richard was the first of his three sons; was in parliament in 1688, and in several succeeding ones ; but in that held by James II. at Dublin, in 1689, he was attainted, having been one of the first who went over to tlie Prince of Orange. He received his appointment early in May, 1695, but did not arrive in N.Y., a place then remarkably infected with the two danger- ous diseases of an unlawful trade and practice of piracy, until April, 1698. He reached Bos- ton, May 26, 1699. He succeeded, by affabili- ty and condescension, in ingratiating himself with the people; wisely avoided all controver- sies with the legisl., and thus obtained a larger sum as a salary and as a gratuity than any of his predecessors or successors. He did much to suppress piracy, and sent the notorious Capt. Kidd to England for trial, the law here being insufficient to execute criminals guilty of pira- cy. Soon after the May session of the General Court in 1700, he returned died. Bl , 1854), pastor of All Souls' Church, Walpole, N.H., June 11, 1814. H,U. 13.32; Camb. Divinity School, 1837. Ord. pastor of the First Cong. Church (All Souls'), New York, Jan. 2, 18.S8. He was the ]irincipal originator nl ill' '",,,"-,' ./„ /'„.,,7.,. ,-, a rmi.111,111 nrwsnancr -■; ;!■ ■ - 1 ' * II- ! ■ .1 I i' Hi\ fxioinpore ^|i".il,' . , .Ilia |"i|.iil:ir l-'riiii-ii , aiiH li.is spoken and imh. nnuli upon the prominent topics of the d.ay, especially tho.se of a social and philan- thropic character. He was a contrib. to the Christian Emminer. In 1857, he delivered a course of lectures on "The Treatment of Social Diseases," before the Lowell Institute, Boston, anil boforc the Dramatic Fund So- ciorv of N.Y. an address since pub., entitled " The lirlation of Pnlilic Amusements to Pub- lic .Moialitv, cspociallv of the Theatre to the Hi-ho-t lnto,o.-,ts of llnmanitv," N.Y., 1837. In \i d, ho abandoned brilliant |irn,p'Tt, at lioma hi liooomc a mis- sionary in l_',inada In lijsii, ho took charge of the school ooiinortod witli_ the Iroipiois Mission at Montre.il, and at his own cost built a church there, of wliioh ho bocamc pastor in 1681. From 1701 to his .1. ho was superior of the Seminary of Montro.il. Author of a ** Histoirc d't fjanada," piiiitid in tin; t 'nils, of the Quebec Lit. and lli-t. .Sni , — < )■ < \,:i>,.,l,ai,. Belton, Francis S., cul. U.S.A., b. Md. ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Sept. 10, ISiil. App. 2d lieut. light dragoons, March 27, 1812; pay- master, June 22, 1813; aide-de-camp to Geii. Gaines, and distin- in defonre of Fort Erio ; assist. -lid, --an. (lat. [s, |s|i; a.-i.t,-insp.- gen. Mav, IMii ; rai.t. 4ili liil', .Inly, 1817; m.ajor 4tii \\t. .Sept. 10, Isii.s; la m.-col. 3d Art. Uct. 1.3, 1S4.>; com. liis tc^i. in the Val- ley of Mexico ; brev. eol. lor t;allaiu condrnt in battles of Contreras and Cliurnbnsoo, Aug. 20, 1847, and distin- in the capture of the city of Mo Beui! 0, 185 N.Y., where he 1, AlON'SO ue, a "I .a a ,a. iiioir addressed to the Klin.; oi .S|..iiii ill ill "I, concerning the temisoral and spiritual aft'ain, of New Mexico, the character of the country, and the nations inhabiting it, pub. Madrid, 4to, 53 leaves. When, in 1621, the religious establishment was erected by the provincial chapter into a Ciis- todia, Benavides was elected custodian. So successful was his administration, that, in 1627, the viceroy ordered him to repoit thereon in person to the king. The result was the above memoir. — Dtty'-kinck. Benedict, D.vviD, D.D., b. Oct. 16, I778. Settled in the ministry in early life; pub., in 1813, " Gen. Hist, of the Baptist Denom. in America and Other Parts of the World," 2 vols . 8vo, new and enlarged ed., N.Y. 1S3S ; " His- tory of All Religions," 12ino, 182 1 ; " Poem de- . y ^. 83 livcred in Taunton,"6 Sept. 1807; " Fifty Years nmong the Baptists," 1860. He preached, Oct. 16, 1870, at the age of 92, at Pawtucket, R. I. Benedict, Erasths Cornelius, LL.D. (Riitg. Coll. 1865), author, I). Branford, Ct., Mar. 19, 1800. Wms. Coll. 1821. Son of Kcv. Joel. T. He taught school ; was adni. to the b;ir in 1824 ; became a trustee of schools in New York in 1842 ; a member of the Board of Education in 1850, and pres. for several years, resigning in 186.3. Since 1855, a regent of theU. ofN.Y. Mcmberof the citv council in 1840, and of the legisl. in 1848 and 1864. Au- thor of "American Admiralty," 1850; "A Run through Europe," 1860; "The Hymn of Hildetiert, and other Medieval Hymns," 1868, and many pamphlets, reviews, and addresses, including " The Beginning of America," an anniversary discourse before the N.Y. Hist. Soe. in 1863. Benedict, Lewis, brev. brig.-gen. U. S. vols., b. Albanv, N.Y., Sept. 2, 1817; killed at the bittle of Pleasant Hill, La., Apr. 9, 1864. Wms. Coll. 1837 Adm. to the Albany bar in 1841 ; was city attv. in 1845-6 ; judge advo- cate, 1847; surrogate of Albany, 1848-52; member N.Y. assembly, 1860. Made lieut.- col. 73d N.Y. vols. Juiie, 1861 ; served in the peninsular campaign, and was captured at Willi.imsburg, Va. After several months' con- finement in Libby and Salisbury Prisons, he was exchanged ; col. 162d N.Y. in Sept. 1862, and ordered to the Gulf, where he became acting brig.-gen. His bravery was conspicuous in the assaulton Port Hudson, June 14, 1863, where he gained his brevet,and in the Red River campaign at Pleasant Grove, Apr. 8, and at Pleasant Hill, Apr. 9, where he com. the 3d brig., 1st div., 19th corps, and where he fell, while bravely leading a charge on the enemy. Benet, Stephen V., maj. U.S.A., b. Fla. West Point, 1849. Entering the ordnance depl., he w.as instructor in ordnance and gun- nery at West Point, 1861-4; brev. maj. and lieut.-col. 13 Mar. 1865, and maj. ordnance 22 Dec. 1866. Translator from the French of Jomini of "Campaign of Waterloo," 1853; author of" Military Law and Courts-Martial," 1862. — C««um. Benezet, Anthony, philanthropist, b. St. Quentin, Fr.ance, Jan. 31, 1713; d. Phila., May 3, 1784. His parents, who were Huguenots, were driven from France ; spent some years in London, where they became Quakers, and came to Phila. in Nov. 1731. Apprenticed to a merchant, he found that trade excited too worldly a spirit, and articled himself to a cooper, but in 1742 began to teach in the Trinity School, continuing to teach nearly all his life. His simplicity and benevolence m^ide hira the idol of tiie poor. During the Revol., and the occupation of Phila. by the British troops, he was indefatigable in alleviating the sufferings of prisoners. His writings were com- posed chiefly with the view of inculcating the peaceful doctrines of the gospel in opposition to the spirit of war, to expose the flagrant injus- tice of slavery, and to fix the stamp of infamy on the traffic in human blood. He was the author of "A Caution to Great Britain and her Colo- nies, in a Short Representation of the Calamitous State of the Enslaved Negroes in the British Dominions," 8vo, 1767 ; " Some Historical .Vc- count of Guinea, with an Inquiry into the Rise and Progress of the Slave Trade/' 1772 ; " Olv servations on the Indian Natives of this Conti- nent," 1784; " A Short Account of the Society of Friends," 1780; "Dissertation on the Christian Religion," 1782, and tracts against the use of ardent spirits. In 1783, he ad- dressed a letter to the Queen of England, on the subject of the slave-trade, soliciting her in- fluence on the side of humanity. By his will, he left his estate, after the decease of his wife, to the African school, in which he taught the last two years of ills life. There is a full and interesting memoir by Roberts Vaux, 12ino, N.Y., 1817. Benham, Henrt W., brev. maj.-gen. U.S. A., b. Cheshire, Ct., ah. 1816. West Point, 1837, first in his class. App. 1st lieut. en- gineers in July, 1838; wounded at Buena Vista, Mexico, and brev. capt. 24 May, 1848; assist. U.S. coast survey. Mar. 1853, andsnper- intended the construction of fortifications around N.Y. City; hrev. col. 13 July, 1861, for Carrii-ks Ford ; brig.-gen. vols. 13 .Vug. 1861, and disling. at Rich Mountain and Cheat Mountain Pasi ; at capture of Fort Pulaski, 11 Apr. 1862; com. in attack on Secessionville, S.C , 16 June, 1862; com. engineer brigade. Army of the Potomac in 1863-4 ; maj. of engineers, 6 Aug. 1861 ; lieut.-col. 3 Mar. 1863; col. 7 Mar. 1867; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for the campaign ending in Lee's surrender, and brev. maj.-gen. for gallant serv- ices in the Rebellion. Engaged in the construc- tion of harbor and coast defences of Boston, 186.1-7.— CK/Ziim. Benjamin, Jcd.ah Peter, lawyer and politician, b. in St. DominL:o, of Jewish par- ents, in 1812. In 1816, the family emigrated to Savannah, Ga. The son entered Y. C, but left, without graduating, in 1827. He began to study law in N. Orleans in 1831, was clerk to a notary, taught school, and afterward m. Miss St. Martin, one of his pupils. Adm. to the bar in 1834, he was soon its leader in N. Or- leans. A Whig in politics, he was in 1845 a member of the State Const. Conv. U.S. sena- tor in 18.53-61, he attained pre-eminence in the southern wing of the Dcmoc. party. He had a sharp controversy with Jefferson Davis ; but a duel was prevented by an apology from the latter. He advocated the Kansas-Nebraska Bill in 1854, but subsequently insisted that the principle of popular sovereignty was set aside by the Dred Scott decision. Withdrawing from the senate Feb. 4, 1861, he was immedi- ately app. atty.-gen. in the southern confeder- acy. In Aug. 1861, he became acting sec. of war, and was sec. from Nov. 10 till after the capture of Roanoke Island, Feb. 7, 1862, which caused his resignation ; and he was app. sec. of State, to succeed R. M. T. Hunter. Jlr. Benjamin was largely interested in the Tehuantepec Railroad speculation, and a par- ticipant in the so-called Houraas land-grant- He is at [iresent (1871) a member of the Lon- don bar Benjamin, Park, poet and journalist, b. 84 BEN- Deraeraia, Aug. 14, 1809 ; d. N. Y. City, 12 Sept. 1864. Trin. Coll., Hartford, 1829. His father, a N. Englander of Welsh descent, re- sided as a merchant at Demerara. An illness in liis youth, improperly treated, caused him a permanent lameness; and he was sent to his lather's home in N. E., for medical advice, and to be educated. He studied two years at H.U., began to practise law in Boston in 18.32, and was one of the ori;.'inal editors of the New- England Mag. In 1836, he removed to N. Y. ; edited, in connection with C. F. Hoffman, the American Monihli/ May., and subsequently the New-Yurher, with Horace Greeley. He was engaged Jan. 1840, in conr lection with Epes SaiKCit and R. W. r;ri.w..l .1, ns,.,litorof the New World, a chr:,. : '■ M'dical. 5 vears aftLT, he solil 1 1 M, journal. "and was afterward ., |. , ,,ii. . ,, ,11 ]. rose and verse. His poems ii.a^ iici ei Llui collected. Benner, Philip, pioneer iron manufac- turer of the West, b. Chester Co.. Pa., 1763 ; d. 29 July, 1832. He served in the Revol. ar- ray under his relative. Gen. Wayne. In 1792, he erected a forge in Spring township, Centre Co., and by so doing assisted in developing the mineral wealth of that district. The bor- ough of Bellefonte was greatly indebted to his enterprise and liberality. He was a maj.- gen. of militia. Bennett, Cvleb P., gov. of Del., and last siirv! vir,^ n Mt'rnf the Del. regt. in the Revol. aim "Vil. iii^ton, Del., May 7, 1836, a. 7^ Ml rank of maj., and was en- <;aj' 1 III I ' iiiil's of Brandywine, German- toui,, und Mumnuuth. Gov. "from 1833 to his death. Bennet, D.wid, phvsician, b. Eng., Dec. I, 1615; d. Rowley, Ms., Feb. 4, 1719. He possessed his teeth and his senses to the age of 10;5. His wife was Rebecca, dau. of Roger Sficnccr, and sister of the wife of Sir Wui. Pliips; and his son Spencer took that name, and ua> lifiit.-L;ov. of Ms. Bennett, James Gordon, founder and pro- pri.^tor nf tiK' .V. Y. thrald, b. ab. 1800, at New Mill Keith, in Banffshire, Scotland. He went to a Roman-Catholic sem. at Aberdeen, intending to take orders in that church ; but, acting under a sudden impulse, he embarked for Amer. in Apr. 1819, and, arriving in Hali- fax, kept school for a living. Coming to Bos- ton in the autumn of 1S19, he became proof- reader in the pub.-house of Wells and Lilly, and wrote several poetical pieces In 1822 he went to jSew Yoik connected himself with vinous pipers and became iwiim partisin Dtmoc paitv in the columns of the Benson^ Eobert, LL.D., statesman and jurist, b. N. Y. Citv, 21 June, 1746; d. Ja- maica, L.I., Aug. 24, 1833. Col. Coll. 176.5. He was a member of the Revol. committee of safety ; was a proficient in the science of plead- ing; held a high rank in jurisprndence; was in 1777 app. first att.-gen. of the State ; was also a member of the first State lesi-l. ol 1777 ; one of the three commissioners t 1 1 ? NY, 18d5 Bennetl Mi I 1 1 1AHN LL D (D C >i) 1 1 M 1 t.rii 1 r, nton d. Salem, Dec -.r 11' 11 T 1777, and afterwards tutor there, 'in' , , ■ 'I-,, ^rnnil Church in Salem, Sept. ;i( r 1 ' I, I'O years, he edited the ^^s-sr I- / • 1 imoe. print. His knowledge was i , ;> , \ien- sive and various. His thei>M.i;ieal ui-,re.uise3 were marked by a good dcid of freedom and oirginality, indicating Unitarian sentiments. His valuable library and cabinet he bequeathed to the coll. at Mcadville, Pa., and to the Amer. Antiquarian Society at Worcester. Besides' .sermons, he pub. a collection of psalms and hymns, three Masonic addresses, and a Mason- ic charge, and a hist, of Salem, in Hist. Colls., vol. vi. Benton, Thobus Hakt, statesman, b. near Hillsborough, N.C., March 14, 1782 ; d. Washington, April 10, 1858. He studied some time at a grammar school, and afterwards at Chapel Hill U., but, before finishing his studies, removed to Tenn. He studied law, soon attained eminence in the profession, and served one term in the legisl., where he pro- cured the passage of laws reforming the judi- cial system, and giving to slaves the benefit of a jury trial, lie became aide-de-camp to Gen. Juckson, with whom ho contracted a close intimacy, which was suddenly terminated by an affray with pistols and daggers, in which severe wounds were given and received, and which estranged them many years. He was col. of a Tenn. regt from Dec. 1812 to April, 1813, and lieut.-col. 3'.ltli Inf. from 1813 to 1815. Removing; i;i I>1 : in M. Louis, he established the Mi i , also practi.s- ing law, and toi.k i ; in favor of the admission of -M ■ i a i i::i -Mailing her slav- ery constitution. He was rewarded by a seat in"the U. S. senate, which he held for 30 years. In this body, his energy, iron will, industry, and self-reliance placed him in the front rank. He opposed the administration of Mr. Adams, but strongly supported those of Jackson and Van Biiien. Upon the U. S. Bank question, he made several elaborate speeches; and his tort, succeeded in liberalizini; the policy of government in relation to the sale of public lands. The price was reduced to 31.23 per acre; and in timeother important changes, including a homestead law, were secured. Ho also procured the repeal of the tax on salt, and succeeded in throwing open for sale and occupation the saline and mil General Go the early an to the Pacit Is of the ■lil. He was of a railroad II up and pro- tect the traiJL- ■■, , .\ v M \ico, to establish military stations on the Missouri, to cultivate amicable relations with the Indians, and pro- mote the commerce of our inland seas. He moved the exjnmging of the resolution of censure upon Gen. J.ickson, and successfully carried his point. He opposed the boundary line of 54° 40', and caused the adoption of that of 49°. He supported the Mexican war, op- posed the Compromise Measures of 1850, think- ing the fugitive-slave law clause dclective and ill-judged ; warmly opposed nullification, and, in 1850, was defeated for the senate by the ultra slavery men of his party. To break up the ascendency of this party", Col. Benton, in 18.i2, announced himself a candidate for Con- gress, and was elected. Against the repeal of the Mo. Compromise, he exerted all his strength, delivering a memorable speech in the house, tliat did much to excite the country a.;ainst the act. He was defeated in 1834 by a combination of his old opponents with the new Amer. party, and stumped the State for gov. in 1856, but failed of an election. In the presidential election of that year, he fupported Buchanan in opposition to his sonin-law Fre- mont. He then devoted himself to literal y pursuits. His " Thirty Years' View " was finished in 1854. He also pub. an abridgment of the debates of Congress from the founda- tion of the government to 185G, and a review of the Dred Scott case. Col. B. was ra. to Elizabeth, dau. of Col. James McDowell of Uockbriil-e Co., Va. Berckel, Peter I. TAN, of Rotterdam, minister from Holland to the U. S. i d. New- ark. N..J., Dec. 17, ISOO, a. 76 Berkeley, George, Bishop of Clovne, b. Kilerin, Ireland, 12 .Mar. 16S4; d. Oxford, En-, 14 Jan 173.3. Trin. Coll., Dublin, Fellow, in 1707. He had disting. himself by his "Theory of Vision" (1709) and other philosophical writings, when, in 1724, he was made Dean of Deny. In 1723, he pul). " A Proposal for Converting the Aborigines of America," received from George I. a charter lor acoll., and, embarking for Ameri 'a, arrived at Newport, R.I., 23 Jan. 1729. Finding at length that his scheme was impracticable, he reluctantly took his departure in Sept. 1731, and, in 1733, was made Bishop of Cl6yne. He gave his house, and a firm of 100 acres, as a benefaction to Yale and Harvard Colleges, and gave to one of those colleges, and to sev- eral missionaries, books to the value of £500. In his " Minute Philosopher," Berkeley at- tacks free-thinkers with great ingenuity and effect. Berkeley, Sir William, royal gov. of Va., 1641-77, b. near London, ab. 1610; d. Twickenham, July 9, 1677. Son of Sir Mau- rice, and bro. of Lord John Berkeley of Strat- ton. He grad. M. A. at O.xford" in 1629, travelled extensively in Europe in 1630, and returned an accomplished cavalier and courtier. In 1641, he was app.gov. of Va., arrived in Feb. 1642, and by some salutaiy measures, as well as by his prepossessing manners, soon rendered himself acceptable to the people. During the civil war in England, Berkeley took the royal side ; and Va. was the last of the possess'ions of England which acknowl- edged the authority of Cromwell. He mani- fested shrewdness as well as courage when the fleet of parliament appeared in the James River in 1751, and made terms satisfactory to both parties. Upon the death of " worthy Samuel Mathews," in 1659, Berkeley was elected to succeed him by the people. He re- mained for a long time at the head of affairs, and only lost popularity by his extreme se- verity toward the followers of Nathaniel Bacon, to whose rebellion his own faithlessness and obstin.icy had given occasion. Many were put to death, and he was only restrained by the remonstrance of the Assembly. Charles II. is reported to have said, " The old fool has taken more lives in his naked country than I have taken for my father's murder." Through the influence of the planters, he was recalled, and d. before he could have an interview with the king. In his reply to commissioners sent to inquire into the condition of the colony, Berkeley said, " Thank God ! there are no free schools nor printing-presses; and I hope there will be none for a hundred years; for learning has brought disobedience and heresy and sects into the world, and printing has di- vulged these and other libels." He wrote two and is the author of " A Description of lia," folio, 1663. Berkenhout, John-, naturalist, b. Leeds, 1730; d. April 3, 1791, at Beffclsleigh, near Oxford. M. D. of the U. of Leyden, 1765. In 1778, he was sent by the British Govt, with the commissioners to America, and was for some time imprisoned at Phila., on suspi- cion of having been sent as a spy by Lord North, and of improper intrigues with the members of Congress at Phila. He was re- \.arded, on his arrival in England, with a pen- sion. He wrote some botanical aud other works. Bernard, Sir Fr4ncis, gov. of Ms., and benelactor of Harvard Coll., b. Nettlehara, Lincoln Co., Eng., 1714; d. June 16, 1779. Educated at Oxford, where he took his degree in 1736. He was a solicitor at Doctor's Commons when made gov. of N.J. in 1758. He succeed- ed Pownal as gov., arriving Aug. 3, 1760. The Stamp Act and other arbitrary measures aroused the hostility of the Colonies, not only to the crown, but to its local representatives. Bernard had no talent for conciliation, and attempted to crush the spirit of freedom by causing troops to be sent to Boston. The attempt to obtain an alteratioa in the charter. tj:(, 8(3 transferring the right of electing the council from the general court to the crown, tliough it brought upon him the indignation of tlie peo- ple, was so pleasing to the ministry, that, on his recall in 1769, he was created a baronet. One of his last public measures was the pro- roguing of the general court in consequence of its refusal to make provision for the sup- port of the British troops in Boston. He was a friend of literature, and gave a part of his library to llnrv. Coll. The collection printed at Cambiidjie in 1761, •• Pietas et Gratu/atis," contains several elegiac pieces by him in Greek and Latin. In 1752, he pub. the Latin Odes of Anthony Alsop. His select letters on the trade and govt, of America, written in Boston in 176.3- 8, were pub. Lond., 1774. His other letters, writ- ten home in confidence, were pub. in 1768-9. Bernard, John, actor, b. Portsmouth, Eng., 1756; d. London, Nor. 29, 1829. His first appearance was at Bristol in 1774. He was a popular comedian at the Coven t Garden Theatre, where he first app. as Archer in the " Beaux' Stratagem " in 1787, and succeeded Edwin in many of his parts. After being actor and manager in various theatres, he embarked for America, where he made his d^ut as Gold- finch in " Road to Ruin " at the Greenwich-st. Theatre, N.Y., June 4, 1797 ; was manager and lessee of the Boston Theatre in 1806, and remained in the U. S., as actor, and manager of various theatres, about 20 years. He took final leave of the stage at Boston in 1820, in his favorite character " Lord Ogleby," returned to Eng. with his family, and died there in poverty. In his later years, he prepared his " Retrospections of the Stage," an amusing production pub. in 18.30, in which he was aided bv his son William Bayle Bernard, a disting. dramatist, b. Boston, Jan. 1, 1808. Bernard, Gen. Simon, engineer, b. Dole, France, Apr. 28, 1779; d. Paris, Nov. 5, 18.39. Educated at the Polytechnic School under La Place, Haiiy, and others, he became one of the most disting. engineers and aides-de-camp of Napoleon. When a col., he was employed in fortifying Antwerp, and had his leg shattered in the retreat of the grand army from Lei])sic. Lieut.-gen. of engineers under'Napoleon, and was assist, eng., rank of brig.-gcn. U.S.A., from Nov. 16, 1816, until he resigned, Aug. 10, 1831. In 1824, he was made chief *ng. of the army. Among the many admirable works e.xecuted by him in this country is Fortress Monroe at the mouth of James River, Va. Returning to France, he became aide to Louis Philippe, lieut.- gen. of engineers, and was minister of war until Apr. 1837. Berrian, William, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1828), rector of Trinity Church, N.Y. City, 1830- 62 ; d. 7 Nov. 1862. Col. Coll. 1808. Ord. deacon, 1810; became assist, min. of Trinity Parish in 1811. He pub. "Travels in France and Italy in 1817-18," 8vo, 1820 ; "Devotions for the Sick -Room," "Enter thy Closet," " Family and Private Prayers," " On the Communion," " Sailor's Manual," " Historical Sketch of Trinity Church, N.Y.," 8vo, 1847 ; " Recollections of Departed Friends," 12mo, 1850. Edited, with memoir, " Works of Bishop Hobart," 3 vols,j8vo, 1833. • i Berrien, John Macpuerson, LL.D., statesman, b. N.J., Aug. 23, 1731 ; d. Savan- nah, Ga , Jan. 1, 1856. N. J. Coll. 1796. Son of Maj. John Berrien by a dau. of Capt. John Macphcrson of the provincial navy. Adm. to practise at the Ga. bar at the age of 18, he attained a high reputation as a lawyer. He was solicitor of the eastern district of Ga. in 1809 ; judge from 1810 to 1821 ; State senator in 1822-3; U. S. senator. 1825-9 and 1840- 52 ; attorney-gen. of the U. S. 1829-31 ; judge of the Supreme Court of Ga. 1845. He was one of the most gifted orators and able states- men in the U. S. senate. Few contemporary statesmen left a fame so free from reproach. During the War of 1812, he com. a regt. of vol. cav. He was one of the board of regents of the Smithsonian Inst. Berry, Hieam George, maj.-gen. vols., b. Thomaston, Me., Aug 27, 1824; killed in the battle of Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. He worked some years as a carpenter, was afterward successfully engaged in navigation, served in the State legisl., and was mayor of Rockland. Col. 4th Me. vols. June 4, 1861, he was in the battle of Bull Run, and took part in the siege of Yorktown. M.ide brisr.-gen. Mar. 17,1862, he took charse.-fihr -1,1 l.ricr'a.le, 3div.,of Heintzleman's(.3il) . ! "!' . . - • ! jii^r part in the battles of William 1 - > il.-, and the peninsular campaign, .liui ^ ■ i>. Ji.lv 1, 1862. Under Kearney, he iJ.uiicij.aiL.l in the second Bull Run battle, and in that of Chan- tilly, where Kearney was killed Sept. 1. At the battle of Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862, Berry's brigade especially disting. Itself, and was complimented by Gen. Birney. Made maj.- gen. Mar. 9, 1863, dating from Nov. 29, 1862, he was placed in com. of the 2d division of the 3d (Sicklcs's) army corps, at the head of which he fell in the gallant repulse of the army of Gen. Lee near Chancellorsville. Berthier (Iwr'-te'-a'), Locis Alexander, prince of Neufchatel, and one of Napoleon's marshals, b. Versailles, Nov. 20, 1753; killed Junel, 1815,atBamberg,Bavaria. Heentered the army in 1766 ; was a capt. of dragoons in 1777, and, with his brother Coesar, served in Americaoii Rorhambeau'sstaffin 1780-83. He became gen. of division in 1795, was chief of Bonaparte's staff in Italy and in Egypt ; became minister of war in 1799,' marshal in 1804, prince i of Neufchatel in 1806, andof Wagram in 1809, ' maj.-gen. of the grand army in the Russian j campaign in 1812,. of Saxony in 1813, and of France in 1814. At the restoration of Louis 18th, he was made a peer of France, but, on the return of Napoleon, withdrew to Bamberg, where he was killed by 6 men in masks who threw him out of one of the windows of his father-in-law's palace. Bethisy (ha'-te'-ze'), Jdles Jacques Ele- OXORE, Vicomte de. a French gen., b. 1747 ; d. Paris, in consequence of his wounds, at the close of 1816. He entered the navy in 1764 ; passed into the regt. of Eot/al Auveif/ne, in which lie became 2d col., and served with this corps through the American campaigns of 1779-82. He was under D'Estaing at Savannah, where he received 5 severe wounds, and, while return- ing home, received 2 more in a sea-fight. He emigrated iliirin- the French Rcvol. ; miule all the campaigns of tlio armv of Conile', and was created lieut.-gen. Jan. I,'l814. Bethune, George Washington, D.D , clevg^'man and author, son of Divie, b. N.Y. Citv, Mar. 1805; d. Florence, Italy, April 28, 1862. Dick. Coll. 1822; Princeton Theol. Scm. 1825. Entering the Presb. ministry in 1826, in 1827 he passed to that of the Dutch Ref. He settled first at Rhinebeck on the Hudson, then in Utica, in Phila. in 1834, and, in 1849--'J9, over a large and influential congre- gation in Brooklyn, N.Y. In 1859-60, he preached a while in the Amcr. Chapel :it l!f>mc, then became asso pastorofa church in N.Y.,lmt was forced by ill health to leturn to Italy, lie is the author of "Fruit of the Spirit," "Early Lost,""Early Saved,"" History of a Penitent," a vol. of " Lays of Love and Faith, and other Poems," 1847 ; " The British Female Poets," 8vo, 1848; "Commentary on the I.SOth Psalm," 12mo, 1847 ; " A Word to the AfHict- ed ; " " Expository Lectures on the Heidel- berg Catechism," l"864, and of a collection of orations, discourses, and sermons, 8vo, 1846. He was a wit, as well as a scholar, and edited, in 1847, "Walton's Complete Angler," being himself an enthusiastic fisherman. He was a sound and learned divine, an eloquent preach- er, and an orator of excellent f.incy and pleas- ant humor. A Memoir, by A. R. Van Nest, D.D.. was pub. 1867. BettS, Samuel Rossiter, LL.D., jurist, 1). Richmond, Ms., June 8, 1787 ; d. N. Haven, Ct., Nov. 2, 1868. Williams Coll. 180S. He Co., N.Y. ; 'was jud'^e-advocate in the armv during the War of 1812; M.C. in 1815-17'; some years dist.-attv. of OraiiL'-e Co., and from 182.3 to 1867 was judgeof the U.S. Dist. Court. To him beloULjs the high honor of having shaped and settled in a great degree the mari- time laws of the U.S. He ranks among the ablestof Amer. jurists. Author of "Admiral- ty Practice in the Courts of the U.S. for the Southern Dist. of N.Y.," 8yo, 1838. BettS, THAUDEDS,a disting. lawyer, atone time licut -irov. of Ct., and a U.S. senator at the time of liisd. at Washington, D.C., 7 Apr. 1840, b. Norwalk, Ct. Y. C. 1S07. Beveridge, John, poet, !>. Scotland. He had been a schoolmaster in Edinburgh, having among his pupils the blind poet Blacklock. In 1752, he came to N.E., where he remained 5 years, and became intimate with Dr. Mayhew and other leading men. In 1758, he was app. prof, of languages in the coll. and acad. of Phila. Alex. Graydon, one of his scholars, notices him in his memoirs, and shows him to have been a poor disciplinarian. In 1765, he jiuli. a collection of Latin poems, " Kjiislolce Fttiiiilinrcs et Alia Qtundam Miscellatiea." — Dmickinck. Beverley, Roi 1565; d. France, 1622. He was a Jesuit mis- sionary, was for a time at Port Royal, and sub- sequently at Mt. Desert, Me., where his project- ed missionary colony was crushed by Argal, and wrote a "Relation de la Nouvelle France," &c. (Lyons, 1616), an account of his labors, and of the English outrage which left one of his co- workers dead on the island, and bore himself and another off as prisoners. This is the first of the valuable series of "Jesuit Kclatiiiiis." of which there are 41 vols, (imli iiniinally 1632-72). He came to Port Knval in .hmc, 1611. In 1612, he ascended tl..- Knniclicc, and -,,;/,/ Bibaud (bc'-i«'), Michel, a Canadian iitlior, b. at the Cute' des Nciges, near Montre- 1, Jan. 20, 1782 ; d. there Aug. 3, 1857. He ludied at the Coll- of St. Rai>iiacl, and, cnter- iiig upon the caret in defence of Can; conservation of tli contributing in tu das." the "Blblloth gasin du Das Canai and the " EnajL written verses of i Hist, of Canada si indi'gue El^mentai acje dp. I bored hard and for the c. Besides . d,s Cana- ■ the".Va- ' nimdien" . < , he has ir»t French , on " Arith- " and edited the "Voi/- and many other valuable little works. A few months before his death, he was engaged in translating the reports of the geol. commission. His son, F. M. U. M. BiBADD, LL.D., also an author, b Montreal, Nov. 1824; law prof, at the .T--nit^' Ci.ll., Montreal. Among his man\ • n' 'i .:i -i re- lating to Canada aro," Dim' • '. >„ les Harrs Snwaqrs de I'A:., Cnnadien," 1858, &c. — Morgan. Bibb, George M., jurist and senator, b. Va., 1772; d. Georgetown, D.C., Apr. 14, 1859 N.J. Coll. 1792. He .studied law, and settled in Ky. ; served in the State legisl. ; was three times elected chief-justice of the State ; \vas in the State senate two years ; chancellor of the Chancery Court of L uisville, and see. of the U. S. treasury under Pres. Tyler in 1844; U.S. senator, 1811-14 and 1S29-.35. Alter leaving the treasury dept., ho practised law at Washington, and was an assLst. in the atty.-gcneral's office. Author of " Reports of Cases at Common Law and in Chancery in the Kv. Court of Appeals, in 1808-17;" 4 vols., 8vo, Frankfort, I\v., 1815-17. Bibb, William Wvatt, terr. gov.of Ala., 1817-19, first gov. of the State, 1819-20, b. Va., 1 Oct. 17S0 ; .1. near Ki. .laikMni, I) July, \l,n Nc >iuu an iniiuuui iMjii u\ >_ . < ani|. ..,,,, ,,. ,>u.. ...,,., ,,,i,, .,5 i:u, . la lo-u-.i. 855. Biddle, Charles John, b. Phila., 1819.^ Biard(bc'-iir'), l'ETER,b. Grenoble.Fr.inee, N. J. CoU. 1837. Son of Nicholas. Adm. to the liar in 1«40; distinfr. as a capt. of volti- geurs at El Moliiio anil Chapultepec, Mexico, where he won the hrcv. ofmaj. ; wrote " The Case of Maj. Andre'" in " Memoirs of the Pa. Hi-^t. Sno.." vol. vi. Col. in the Pa. reserve Biddlc, I i.iMKNT, col. in the Revol. army, h. I'hil;,., Mav 111, 1740; d. there July 14, 1814. Dcsix-nde.l lioin one' uf the Quaker settlers and proprietors of Western N. .J., he continued in their society until the commencement of the Revol., when he was instrumental in forming the "Quiikcr " company of vols, raised in Phila. in 1775, of which he was made an officer. In early life, he was engaged in commercial pur- suits. He took an active part, as did his bro. Owen, in the early political movements of the patriots of the State ; Owen having been one of the framers of thestate Constitution in 1776. Julv 8, 1776, he was app. bv Con:,'res-; deputy quartermaster- e.-n, ot th.- "militia of T'a. and N.J., andpnniri|,atr,ln>ihr l.atllr,,.ri'rrn.„n, Princeton, I!r:inWy\v , ( IninaiUow ii ami Monmouth. As coiniiiis^ary-mn. of toraLCc under Gen. Greene, he rendered important ser- vices to the army at several critical periods, particularly at Valley Forge, and was actively engaged until Sept. 1780. App. 11 Sept. 1781, qunrtermaster-gen. of the State. After the Federal Govt, was organized in 1787, Col. Bid- die was app. U. S marshal of Pa. by Wash- inL'ton, his friend and correspondent. — Life of Pro:. Rml, vol. ii., p. 465. Biddle, Edward, son of Wm., and bro. of Com. Nicholas, b. 1739; d. Baltimore, 5 Sept. 1779. He was an officer in the French war of 1756-63; became eminent as a lawyer in Read- ing, Pa. ; was a member and speaker of the As- sembly, and was a delegate to the first Con- gress in 1774-5. He was one of the foremost advocates of Independence. Biddle, Horace P , lawyer and poet. b. Fairlicid Co., O., ah. 1818. The son of an early Ohio pioneer, he studied law, was adm. to the bar at Cincinnati in Apr. 1839, and set- tled at Logansport, Ind. Pres. .judge 8th Judi- cial Circ. 1846-52 ; member Ind. Const. Conv. 1 850. Elected sup. judge in 1 857, but not com- missioned. He has made some excellent translations from French and German poets ; became a contrib. to the South. Lit. Mpssenplavcd his seamanship in escaping from " The Connvallis." 74, after a chase of 4 days, diiiiiiL' iv!ii.-li !f tfircw overboard his guns and r^l : : : ■ :'■ !i ten his ship. For his action " : I' I" jiiin," Congress voted Capt. I'., . - I -ni n„,lal: Phila. presented hira a sci V K<; <>i |tlatc . and other honors were bestowed upon him. Capt. Feb. 28, 1815. He afterward held special and important commands at vari- ous times, in the Pacific, upon the coast of S. America, and in the W. Indies, and the Medi- terranean squadron from 1830 to 1832, during which period he was a commissioner to nego- tiate a treatv with the Ottoman Govt. In 1845, From i^.■i^ ii. I-Il', \„- had charge ot the naval Biddle, Nn H't'as. a t;allant n.ival officer, bro. of Jiidiio (.'hailed HMle, b. Phila., Sept. 10, 1750; killed Mar. 7, 1778. Manifesting a partiality for the sea, he had, before the age of 14, made a voyage to Quebec. In a voyage to the West Indies in 1765, he was cast away, and for two months lived on an uninhabited island. In 1770, he went to London, and en- tered the British navy. While a midshipman, he absconded from his own vessel, and entered on board " The Carcass." before the mast, in the exploring cxpcd. of Capt. Phipps, in which Horatio Nelson also served. Returning to Phila. after the comniciiccinciit of the Revol , he was app. to com, ih. i : i j .Niaiiva Doria," and sailed under ( 'Mill II • ,' . i liic success- ful exped. against N i' .After re- fitting at New Lo.ni n, ' ■■ n ,, ..1 otr New- foundland, and in 177G ca|itiir< d, among other prizes, two ships from Scotland, with 400 High- land troops. App. to com. the frigate " Ran- dolph," of 32 guns, he sailed from Phila. in Feb. 1777, and soon carried into Charleston 4 valuable prizes. A small fleet was now fitted out under his com., with which he cruised in the West Indies. Mar. 7, 1778, in an action with the I5riti-li -liij. " Varimmili " of 64 gnns, Biddle was WMiuhiiil : ainl a i-'\v minutes after- geon, ''Tlicl!aii,lnl|il, " l.l.w ii|.. an.l of tlic en- tire crew, consist iirj -l ,;r, m i , l,ii[ l .■,r,i;,r(|. Biddle, Nicn.., ■,-, i : n ' ,:. , i, Phila., Jan. 8. 17s > ' : : i i. N.J. Coll. 1801. 111. am ■ ,: , . h Wm. Penn. His father, ( ii i : i nt Pa., d. Apr. 4, 1821, a. 76. II ; i : i -r his uncle the commodore. In I i i lo Paris as sec to Armstrong tli ■ .Van i i ■ ui miii- ister, and afterward filled a similar post with Monroe in London. After travelling in Eu- rope, he returned to Phila. in 1807, and prac- tised law. He edited the Portfolio, compiled a commercial digest, and prepared the narrative of Lewis and' Clarke's exped. to the Pacific. He was in the State legisl. in 1810-11, disting. 89 '■;'i iMR'chis Bid ^ . il.'Ctivc a 101 ,,, .....l.ikrson 1 GUI aa a.khobS on Jan ..letliu alumni a (■ model man of ml an accom- Ju , , III/ R. T. Con- Cuiu feir, uul author, bro. supc 1796; (1. Pitts- iii; the \V:u- of sedr etiun <.f I'hihi. i-cn himself by his efforts to establish a general sys- tem of education, and was a senator in 1814, and an ardent supporter of the war with Eng. His report of a committee of the senate respect- ing the Hartford Convention was an able State paper. A director of the U. S. Bank in 1819, and pres. from 1823 to 1836, bis administration of its affairs demonstrated high ability. In 1836-9, he was pros, of the U. S. Bank of Pa. He was a zealous promoter of public improve- ments and beneficent institutions. Dm-ing the suspension of the payment of interest on the debt of Pa., he pub. a scries of essays with sug- gestions for its liquidation, someof which were adopted by the legisl. He was pres. of tho Agric. and' Hort. Societies, and of the trustees of tli'-I^ "fPa an.lnfCirar:! ( ''.!!. 'I'hf Bank b.lSin.■.^, a V , a- ^ pli.ll.al .rlaaa, ^ '"Biddle,"i;i. "wa, of l\id...la^, 1.. i'h :a burg. Pa., 7.iiiiv, l>4; 1812, he served lor tl He became a leader ol the Pitt, lung l.ar; visited Eng. in 18-'7-.30 ; oCL-upied in historical investigations ; resumed practice on his retui n, and was M. C. in 1837-41. While in Eng., he pub. an expose of Capt. Basil Hall's " Travels in Amei i.a." His " Life of Sebastian Cabot" (IS.il) la.ia^lit tu li^lit new and im- portant facts ia til' ili-ovriv of America. Biddle, Mv' l umxh-', r. S. A., son of Charles,!). Pi.i; a , X.v. - 1 , 1 T'.Kl ; d. St. Louis, Aug. 29, IS.ll .\|i I. ufart. July 6, 1812; distinu. a; lui i i, .i -<■ and at Stony Creek; com, iha nt ai ihr uiliiction of Fort of the cnemyV arlillery retained by the Amer- icans as a trophy of that hard-fonght battle, and ag.iin woniKlcd. Aide-de-camp to Gen. Izaial, Dre. 1814, and irnvmaster, 1820. lie Bidwell, D-^^•Il;I. I)., l.-i-.-an. I'.S. vols., b. Buffalo, N.Y., ab. 1816; killed at Cedar Creek, Va.. Oct. 19, 1864. He resigned the office of police jii^tiee in Hulfalo to enter the C.'ilh regt. as a i-, i . aa , .iml, m Sept. 1861, be- camecol. 49tli a m j iheSevcn-Days' battles, com .i urr the battle of Antietam. 1-. -a: , ,i . ia, regt. He was at f'li'l a '■'. ' ;i : i I ' r I'llorsville ; com. a In i_ , I 111 all the battles near T : : : , i Slienandoah Val- ley, an-l -Ai. 1,1 „l . iai_ -_,li ill July, 1864. Biedma (be ad'-inii). Luis Hkrnajsdez OF., a Sp mish officer in the army of Hernando de Soto ill the exped. for the conquest of Fla. in 1538; wrote a '• nelacion H,rn,,li-i, h. Dublin, Ire- land, Dii-. J-', : . 1 i,. I.. June 16, 1S60. Ilu rcTi'ivr,! ,, ..n, l.ut, becoiuin- ;t._-.|, rclea 11, he NoitliMiiii.c!: uil," l-ii, in March, 18(12, the /,'.,! 1 uhich gave him great in- flai ,,. ;': [i.iuoc. party. Fnmi 1807 until N. V 1-j'i. Ii> conducted", at Phiia., the Dnimcmiic Press, the leading paper in the State, until, in 1824, it opposed the election of Jack- son. He was for 20 years an alderman of Phila. In 1854, he pub. an Autobiography, entitled " Itecollcctions of the Life of John Binns ; 29 Years in Europe, and 53 in the U.S.," " Binns's Magistrate's Manual," 8vo, 1850. Birch, Thomas, artist, b. London ab. 1779 ; d. Phila., Jan. 14, 1851. Hccmigratcd to tlie U.S. in 1793, established himself in Phila. about 1800, ami commenced the paint- ing of profiles. A visit to the capes of Del. in 1807 turned his attention to marine views, in the ilcliucatinn of which ho acquired a high occasionally in his latter years, — once at Strat- ford, when he was more than 100 years old. At his death, he left 206 descendants. — Sprnqne. Birkbeek, Morkis, traveller and author, b. Eng.- drowned in returning from a visit to Eobert'Owen at Harmony in 1825. Having purchased 16,000 acres of land in III., he founded the town of New Albion, and resided there. When the State was organized in 1818, he oppposed the introduction of slavery into it. Author of "Notes on a Journey through France," 8vo, 1815, and "Notes on a Journey in America," 8vo, 1818 (in which lie gave ilattering accounts of Illinois), and •■ Letters from Illinois," 1818. Birney, D.^vid Bi;ll, maj.-gen. vols., b. UuutM'illc. Ala., May 29, 1823; d. Philii., Oct. IS, l.stM III yoiith.'he removed to Cineinrftiti t.) rillla,. Ulieiv he the 2'h1 r.i \"!. 111 .\l,n n 1S4S, 1 . l.sfil ; s en-a-etl lie iMiM.,1 was uia.lo brig.-geii. V. .~ ; 1- ■._' '\,l r. at York- town, Wil; : • .1 the baules before RiehmouH, . , il 1 the second battle of Bull i:„n, .\,:, -1. al.^o at Frcder- icksburg ami at Cli, ■•. ,;|.', :l.l .1 aided in chceliing the advaie i..„ps after the i)aiiic in the 1 1 .\ 1 the death of Berrv, he took , H.n (raaj.- gen. May 23, 1863) . ! 1 tiuig; and com. the corps aftei IS wound- cd. In all the opera lautin Va. in 1864, his bravery 1 u.'i.'c .nsnieuous. July 23, 1864, he" receive,] 1 com. of the 10th corps. He died of malarious fever. contracted in the service. Birney, James 1 O. nnt islavery politician. //^y ■ Blaise Bird, RoBEKT Montgomery, M.D., novelist, h. Newcastle, Del., 1803; d. Phila., Jan. J2 l^."i(. n- was educated in Phila. for the I i ' ■: ;"l -ion, but early turned his attii, , . !,ire ; contrib. to the il/j/i(% jU" .e ... 1 , ,.iiid wrote threetragedics, — "'I'iie i.i.eii.uor, ■ • Uraloosa,"and "The Bro- ker of i5o:;(ita; " all of which have been popular on the stai;c, especially the former, the princi- pal character of which is one of the favorite (lersoiial ions of Edwin Forrest. His first novel, " Calavar," a|ipeared in 1834, and was suc- ceeded liv " The Infidel," 1835 ; " The Hawks of Hawk Hollow;" "Nick of the Woods," ■V':.'. !■'■ • :.•,■' ■ '-■- ■■ I " i; ''-I Day," In for :i I \ . I ;e\ious to Ilis death, edited the / \ ///(-American, of which he Birdseye, ^"^ \tiian, remarkable for lon- gevity, h. Stratford, Ct., 19 Aug. 1714 ; d. June 28,1318. Y.C. 1736 He was' settled pastor at West Haven from 1742 to 1758, and preached inemlier of the legisl. In 182.T, he became a planter in Ala., served in the legisl , and prac- tised law at Huntsville. Removing to Ky., he, in 1834, emancipated his slaves, and, being un- able to find there a printer for an antislavery paper, established one in Ohio at great personal risk. About 1836, he went to New York as secretary of the Amer. Antislavery Society, and Labored to build a |.Mlitieal |,:irty upon that sole issue. In IStii. In imuU [lait m the .inti- slavery movements in Iji-. In l.-<44, he was the candidate of the Liberty ])arty, for Pres., one result of which was the defeat of Henry Clay, the candidate of the Whig party. Fa- ther of Gen. D. B. Birney. . Biscaccianti, Eliza (Ostinellt), b. Boston, 1825, a distinguished vocalist. Louis Ostinelli, her father, leader of the orchestra in the principal cities, and a talented musician, in. in .'\pr 1 R22, the dau. of Mr. Hcwctt, a cell 1:1, It. i| iniiieal eomposerof Boston. Eliza w( lit lo ImIv III 1843, studied under the best nia^iers, H.is 111. to Signor Biscaccianti, also a musician, and in May, 1847, made her first appearance at Milan, with complete success. She made her debut in America at the Astor Place Opera House, in Feb. 1848, and in 93 Phila., M.ir. 1, 184S, at tlie Chestnut-st. thea- tre, as "Lucia." Sung in the principal cities with great applause, and became an especial favorite in California. Bishop, Abraium, a political writer, b. New Haven, 1763 ; tl. there Apr. 28, 18U. y. C. 1778. He was an active politician, and for more than 20 vears was collector of the port of New Haven. He pub. orations, and " Proofs of a Conspiracy," 1802. Bishop, Madame Anna, n& Revifere, a celebrated singer, b. London, 1816 ; educated at the Royal Acad of Music, London ; made her dibut at a concert given by M. Bochsa, July 5, 1839, and won a triumphanj; success. She sang in most of the principal cities of Eu- rope and the U. S., where she made her debut at the Walnut-st. theatre, Phila., Nov. 22, 1847, as " Norma." Author of " Travels in Mex- ico in 1849," Phila, 1855. Her husband, H. Bishop, d. Apr. 30, 1855. Apr. 30, 1858, she m. Martin Shultz. Bishop, George, a Quaker writer, joined the sect in 16.54, and, between 1600 anil 1668, pub. several works on tti'M!''''>-tiin.'=, lie pub., in 1661, "NewEngl;!!! I ' ' -j a Brief Relation of the SuffLiiM <; ik.isin that part of Amcr. fiuii^ ., I. ^ of the SthMonth, 1656, totheLiuui uic lu;.i .Month, 16C0," &c. A second part appeared in 1 667; and both were reprinted in 1703, with " An Answer to Cotton Mather's Abases," by John Whiting, with an Appendix. Bishop, Joel Prentiss, b. Volney, Oswe- go Co., N. Y., 1814, author of " Commenta- ries on the Law of Marriage and Divorce," 2 voIs.,8vo, 1856 ; " Criminal Law," 2 to1s.,8vo, Boston, l8.-)8; "Thoughts for the Times," 1863 ; " Secession and Slavery," 1 864 ; " Com- ment.aries on Criminal Procedure," 2 vols., 1866 ; " First Book of the Law," 1868. Bishop, RoBEitT HAaiiLTos, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1825), Presh. divine and scholar, b. near Edinburgh. ScotIand,26 July, 1777 ; d. College Hill, ()., 29 Apr. 1855. U. of Edinb. 1797. He camr in 1801, at the solicitation of Dr. Ma- son, to N. Y. ; preached there a while ; was ord. rivedatChillicotheinlsnj Pi-r In ti:, ,\ Univ. 1804-24; pres. ul "!> prof. hist, and polit. - subsequently prof of lii-t, :iiM piiiir .■. ,u<\ in the Farmer's C'dl. near Umeinnali, u. He was a warm friend of Henry Clay. Author of "Sermons," 1808; "Memoirs of- David Rice." 1824; " Elements of Logic," 1S33; " Philosophy of the Bible," 1833 ; " Science of Government," 1839 ; " Western Peacemaker," 1839, besides sermons, addresses, &c. — Spraque. Bissell, Clark, LL.D. (Y. C. 1847),' ju- rist and stiuesman, b. Lebanon, Ct., 1782 ; d. Norwalk. Ct., Sept. 15, 1857. Yale Coll. 1806. He was a lawyer, and, during most of his life, resided at Norwalk. Judge of the Su- preme Court of Ct. in 1829-39, gov. of Ct. in 1847-9. a:ul was V Sept. 14, modore, Oc -55. Kent Prof, of law in Y.C. Bissell, Gen. Daniel, U. S. A., d. St. Louis, Mo., Dec. 14, 1833. App. cadet from Ci , Sept. 1791 ; ensign 1st Inf. Apr. 11, 1792; lieut. Jan. 1794 • eaot. Jan. 1799 ; lieut.-col. Aug. 18, 180S; col. 5th Inf. Aug. 15, 1812; brig.-gen. Mar. 9, 1814 ; com. in successful af- fairat Lyons Creek, U.C, Oct. 19, 1814 ; May, 1815, col. 1st Inf. with brcv. of bng.-gen.; col. 2d Art. Jan. 16, 1826. — Gardner. Bissell, Simon B.,commo. U.S.N., b. Vt., Oct. 28, 18U8. Midshipm. Nov. 6, 1824 ; Dec. 9, 18r~ ... capt. July 1866. Attached to thesloop"AIbany," during the war with Mexico ; present at the siege of Vera Cruz, and stationed at the naval batiery ; com. sloop " Cyane," Pacific squad., 1861-2; navy-yard, Man Island, Cal., 1863-4 ; sloop of war " Monongaliela," N. A. squad., 1866-7. — Uame.rslij. Bissell, William H., statesman, b. Coop- erstown, N.Y., Apr. 2.5, 1811 ; d. Mar. 18, 1860. Phila. Med. Coll. 1835. He was self-educated, attending school in summer, and teaching in the winter; practised medicine 2 years in Steuben Co., N. Y., and 3 vears in Monroe Co., III. Chosen to the 111. "legisl. in 1840, he disting. himself as a forcible and ready debat- er; studied law, and practised successfully in Belleville, St. Clair Co. ; became prosec.-atty. in 1844 ; col. of the 2d III. Vols, in the Mexi- can war, and disting. at Bncna Vista ; M. C. in 1849-5.-1, ni;.! jr-'v. -f IM in 1857-60. He separated ti u;; • l> : party upon thcpas- .sage of tlii I i-ka Bill, and was Black, Ji I'.t.Mi.ui 6., lawver, h. in the Glade.s,Somfr.sctCo.,Pa., Jan. 10,18U1 Adm. tL to the bar in 1830, he was, in Apr. 1842-, app. pres. judge of the judicial district in which he lived; was in 1851 elected to the bench of the Supreme Court, and m.ade chief-justice ; was re-elected in 1854, and, Mar. 5, 1857, received • .from Pres. Buchanan the app. of atty.-gen. Appearing in behalf of government in a dis- puted land-claim from California, he achieved a great success, at once establishing his repu- tation as a jurist. U. S. sec. of State from Dec. 1860, to Mar. 1861. Blackburn, Gideon, D. D. (Gen. Coll. 1818), an eloquent Presb. clergyman, b. Au- gnsla Co., Va., 27 Aug. 1772; d. Carlinville, lil , .\iij j;, !-".<. Educated at Martin Acad., >' ' _ I i'< nn. Licensed to pre.ach by IV. 1795, and settled many v> ,1- ,ii _\l,u\.x Tenn. Minister of Frank- lin, Tenn., 1811-23, and of Louisville, Ky., 1823-7. He passed the last 40 years of his life in the Western States, laboring zealously in preaching, organizing churches, and during a part of each year, from 1803 to 1809, in his mission to the Cherokees, establishing a school at Hvwassee. He set up a school in Tenn. in 1806. Pres. of Centre Coll., Ky., 1827-30. — Sprarine. Blackford, Isaac Newton, jurist, b. Bound Brook. N J., Nov. 6, 1786; d. Wash- ington, D.C., Dec. 31,1859. N. J. Coll. 1806. Completing his legal studies under Gabriel Ford of Morristown, N. J., he in 1812 re- moved to Ind., and settled in Vincennes; he- came clerk of the territorial legist., in 1813 ; judge of the first judicial circuit, 1814-15; speaker of the first State legisl. 1816 ; judge of the Supreme Court of Ind., 1819-35 ; and a BLA. judge of the U.S. Court of Claims, from Mar. 18.')5 until liis deatli. His reports, of which there arc 8 vols., gave great credit to the State abrond. — N. E. H. ^- G. Reg. xvii. 174. Black Hawk (Ma-ka-tae-mish-kia-kiak), a noted chief of the Sac and Fox tribes of Indians, though by birth a Potawatomie, b. Kaskaskia, 111., 1767; d. at his camp on the River Des Moines, Oct. 3, 1838. At 15, he was ranked with the braves, and became a success- ful leader in expeditions against the Osage and Cherokee tribes. About 1 788, he succeeded as head chief of the Sacs, his father, who had been killed by a Cherokee. Jloved by the exhor- tations of the Shawnee Prophet (brother of Te- cumseh) and by the presents of British agents, Black Hawk, with the title of gen , joined the British, with 500 warriors, during the War of 1812. A repulse in a battle near Detroit, and an unsuccessful attack on a fort, surprised and disgusted the red men, who soon tired of the service. By a treaty made at Prairie du Chien, July 15, 1830, and signed by chiefs of various tribes, — among them Keokuk, chief of a party of Sacs, — their lands east of the Mississippi became the property of the whites. Their re- moval west was opposed by Black Hawk, but, June 25, 1831, a force under Gen. Gaines com- pelled them to depart ; and, after a brief conflict in the following spring, the Indians were com- pletely defeated at the River Bad Axe, Aug. 2, by Gen. Atkinson, and the surrender of Black Hawk took place on the 27th. Black Hawk, with his two sons and seven other head war- riors, were detained as hostages; were taken through the principal eastern cities ; and were confined in Fortress Monroe until June 5, 1833, when they were released, and returned to their tribe. An account of his life, taken from his own lips, was pub. by J. B. Patterson, 1834. Blackhoof, a chief of the Shawanese tribe of Indians ; d. VVapagh Konnetta, Oct. 1, 1831, aged 1 14 years. He was at St.Clair's, Harinar's, and Crawford's defeats, and was, perhaps, the last survivor of those who were concerned in Braddock's defeat. Blackstone, William, the first white settler of Boston ; d. Rehoboth, May 26, 1675. He is supposed to have been a graduate of Emanuel Coll., Cambridge, in 1617, A.M., 1621 , and to have been a clergyman of the Churcli of Eng. He settled at Shawmut, the Indian name of Boston, ab. 1623; not liking bis Puritan neigh- bors, he sold out to them in April, 1633, and removed to Rehoboth, R.I. A small round eminence west of his house there is called Study Hill, from its being his place of retire- ment for study. In 1659, he ra. Mary, widow of John Stevenson of Boston. — See Mass. Hist. Coll. 2d. scr., vol. X. Blackwell, Elizadeth, the first woman who received the degree of M.D, in the U.S., b. Bristol, Eng., 1821 ; came to N.Y. with her fatherin 1831 ; emigrated to Cincinnati in 1837, and taught school there several years. She studied medicine at Charleston, S.C, while teaching music ; at Phila. ; and finally took the degree of M.I), at the Medical School of Geneva, N Y., in Jan. 1849, after making ap- plication unsuccessfully at the schools of Phila., N. Y., and Boston. She also pursued a course oX clinical study in Blockly Hospital, Phila. After 6 mos. study and practice of midwifery in the Maternity at Paris, she was adm. as a physician, to walk the Hospital of St. Barthol- omew in London, where she could not have been a student After passing a year there, she returniil to N.Y. City, where she has since practised her professicm with siuccess. In 1859, she again visited Europe, and gave a course of medical lectures in London. In 1854, with her sister Emily, she opened the New- York Infirm- ary for Women and Children. She pub. " The Laws of Life," 12mo, 1852. Her sister Anna is a poetess of merit; and Emily, another sister, has also obtained a medical diploma. Blaine, Jamks Gillespie, speaker 41st and 42d Congresses, b. Wasliiimton Cn,, Pa., 31 Jan. 1830. Wash. Coll. I si7. Hi, ^nuid- father. Col. Eph. Blaine, o. „,:,,,, .l-.m -f the middle dept. in the Revol. Wji , .1 ( .n :i.;- I'n,, in Mar. 1804, a. 63. He «m, , i. \ h.^ South ; settled in Maine :il ; , . u-1 in journalism; edited the A / , m 18.52-8, and the- Portland /'r ,' .1-,, ;-., m 1858-61. Member Me. le-isl. lsr)7-(>-J; two years speaker of the house, and M.C. since 1863. Blail% Austin, gov. of Mich., 1861-5, b. r.u..V,u.-. T pidas Co., N.Y., 8 Feb. 1818. r '' : : '.1. Studied law; removed to M ,iv clerk of Eaton Co. ; ])roscc.- ii!! . < I I i- !i I'o.; meniberof the Icgisl.and of tlic Stale sunale, and, as gov. of the State, took an active part in putting down the Rebel- lion. M.C. 1866-72. Resides at Jackson. Blair, Francis Preston, journalist and politician, b. Abingdon, Va., Apr. 12, 1791. James Blair, his father, removed to Ky. about 1800, and became attv.-gen. The son grad. at Transyl. U. ; studied law, but. from ill hcalih and lack of voice, never engaged ill |.ra.ii(,\ Karly a politician, he supported hi- ;.i :i 1 Mi i lay, for the Presidency in 1824, !> i ' in ; liii- cally estranged from him diui: .. i'- n I m migra- tion of J. Q.Adaiii-. All aiiirl,. in a Ky. newspaper, against ila- niilliiiraiiwn niovcmcut, procured him an iiiviiatiim Iniiii i'.vn. Jackson to remove to WasliiniitDii, and edit a Dcmuc. journal to be established there. The (iluhe was commenced in 1830, powerfully sustaining the policy of the administration, espcciallv in relation to the U. S. Bank and nullitiration ; and the iiitiiiiiitr nlaticuis wliirh ilicii -uniiig betv .Mr Mo till the latt-l'- il.alli Mr. r.lair I. control uf tliL- '/.i/" iinii! rlu' arcr-..ii in 1845. He afterward successfully c agricultural pursuits at Silver Spr gomery Co., Md. He withdrew Democ. party in 1848 ; took a prominent part in the organization of the Republican party after the repeal of the Mo. Compromise, and in the attempt, in 1856, to elect Col. Fremont to the Presidency. He was master of an easy and vigorous style. Blair, Francis Preston, jun., soldier and politician, son of the preceding, b. Lexington, y Ky., 19 Feb. 1821. N. J. Coll. 1841. Set- Ct SJuA- lS)i tied as a lawyer in St. Louis. In 1845, he ' made a journey to the Rocky Mountains for his health; served as a private in the Mexican BLA. war, ami, in 1847, resumed practice at St. Louis. He supported the Freesoil party in 18i8 ; was elected to the lef,'isl. in 1852, and was a member of Congress in 1 856-60, propos- ing; in a speech in IS.')? fu (Milonize tlic blacks ot'dc rs I I ('.111! n Niiiiiici. Hewasatone till.- .!.:.: V l i 'h i of Mexico, in the .M maj. for gallant ami n, Augustine, Mex. ; m ij I -i and served against the .Vpac dians; lieut.-col. 1st U.S. ca\ Piiebla, Co 1 , and City 1 M'i-7 ; brev. ai'liict at St. ,,,.[iily, 1850, nd Navajo In- May, 1861 ; col. Feb. 15, 1862; slightly wounded at Gaines's Mill, Jan. 1862; present at the actions at Aldie, Middletown, Upperville, and at Gettysburg, for which brev. Iirig.-gen. Blake, George Smith, comrao. U.S.N., BLA b. Worcester, Ms., 180.3 ; d.Longwood, Ms.,24 June, 1871. Son of Francis Blake, a disting. lawyer of Worcester. Midsliipm. Jan. 1, 1818 ; lieut. Mar. 3 1,1827 ; cruised in "The Grnmpiis" on the W. I. station for tlie suppression of piracy; was employed in 1832 on a special survey of Narragansett Bay; from 1835 to 1846," on the coast survey, and in 1846, when the Mexican war broke out, com. the 10-gun brig " Perry." While cruising off Cuba, he encountered the great hurricane of that year. " The Perry " was wrecked on the coast of Fla., hut was got otf, and taken to Phila. under jury-masts. He was made commander, Feb. 27, 1847, and attached to the bureau of con- struction and equipment. Ho was employed on special duty connected with tlie Stevens Bat- tery. Sept. 14, 1855, he was made capt., and, in 1857-63, was snpt. of the U. S. naval acad. Soon after the civil war broke out, the acad. was removed to Newport. On the re-organiza- tion of the navy, July 16, 1862, Capt. Blake was promoted to be commodore. Light-hou.se inspector, 1866-9. Blake, John LAunifc, D.D., autlior, b. Northwood, N.H., Dec. 21,'^1788 ; d. Orange, N.J., July 6, 1857. B. U. 1812. Manifesting a taste for meclianics, he was apprenticed to a cahinet-makur ; then studied at Phillips E.xeter Acail.; was some years a teacher; was ord. a Prot.-Epis. clL-rgyman in 1815; organized the parish ol .St. P.iul's at Pawtncket, ll.I., where he continued 5 vciirs; established a young ladv's sem. at Concord, N.H., in 1820, which he re- moved to Boston ir 11822, and continued, with high reputation, un 111 1810; ,>ast«rofSt.Mat- thew's ChurrI, Hm- 1-1 fM.:ii 1824 tol832,and edited the /,' 1 and the Gospel Advocate, llr li.- writer, having written orcoinii.r. I 11:11 v ill vols,, mostiv te.xt- books for sc1k)oIs. His first book, "'Te.xt- Book of Geography and Chronology," appeared in 1814. He is the author of a Biographical Dictionary, a new edition of which was pub. in 1856 ; a " Family Encyclopsedia," roy. 8vo ; "Farmer's Every Day Book," 8vo,' 1852 ; "Modern Farmer," 12mo, 1853; "History of the Amer. Revol.," 18mo, N.Y. Blake, Joseph, gov. of S.C. in 1694, and from 1696 to his death in 1700. He was a pro- prietary, and a nephew of the famous Admiral Blake. Blake, William Hume, Canadian jurist; d. Toronto, Nov. 15, 1870. Chancellor from 1849 to 1862. Many years prof, of law in the U. of Toronto. Blake, William Rufus, comedian, b. Halifax, N.S., 1805 ; d. Boston, 22 Apr. 1863. He was intended for the medical profession, but at 17 went on the stage at Halifax, and first a|i|M-,,M I .11 Nir (iia Chatham Theatre, N.Y., iii I- 1 ik in "The Poor Gentle- 111:111, ' -Mil's favorite character in thf ■■ I 111' ,"-11 ; I ■' He visited Eng. in 1839. He had ln,en sta^je-mnnager of the Tremont Theatre, Boston, joint manager of the Walnut- st. Theatre, Phila., and stage-mannger of the Broadway Theatre, NY. He excelled in the delineation of old men and eccentricities, at- tained the head of his profession, and as "Jessie Rural " in " Old Heads and Young Hearts " was incomparable. Author of " Nero," " The Turned Head," an adaptation of "Norman Leslie," and " The Buggs," a burlesque. Ho m. Mrs. Waring, a sister of Henry and Tom Placide. Blakeley, Johnston, cnpt. U.S N., b. Seafoid, Co. Down, Ireland, Oct. 1781 ; lost at sea in 1814. U. of N.C. 1800. His father omi:r:i''"t to Wilmington, N.C. The members ot I 'I 1'', il', ing one by one, he was left 11 iM, and had also the misfortune 1 . 11 rinnant of iheir property. A Iritii'l -,:.' ' 1 :n riliiTitinn, and procured for him a 111,: ;:' - ■■ inant, Feb. 5, 1800. Made liint I 1 • IT: master com. Julv 24, 1813; . I N - _l. IS14. In 1813, he com. the lui- 1.iiil-i |iiise," and did good service in protectinLiourruasting trade. In Aug. he was app. to " Tin- Wasp," in wliicli, June 28, 1814, he captnrud, after an action of 19 minntes, in latitude 48° 36' north, II. B. M. ship " Reindeer," which he was obliged to burn. This severe action showed the manifest superiority of Amer. gunnery. "The Rein- dpi'r"ni:iil' 1 :ut.!,)■," 1648, gives an account oi < .. 1 — ' „/, ,Wx. Blanehard, < 1 .1.11 iMier and judge, b. Diinstablr, 11:1 \ ,.|in:,, X.H., Feb. 11, 1705; .1, .\]ir 7, 1 7 - lie was a manda- mus couiKili'ii In. Ill 1740 10 1758; judge of the Sup. C-uit ot \ 11 Irom 1749 to 1758; ooni.aN.II, iv:;!, in 1 7.'i,'i. and was engaged at Crown Point. He was a great speculator in lands, and in conjunction with Rev. Samuel Langdon, D.D., produced a map of N.H., pub. 1761. Blanehard, Thomas, mechanic and in- ventor, l>. Sutton, Ms., 24 June, 1788 ; d. Bos- ton, 16 Apr. 1864. While engaged with his bro. in the manufacture of tacks by hand, he invented a machine which made 50b per min- ute, and sold the patent for S5,n00. He also invented "a lathe to turn the whole of j ket-barrel from end to end, by the combi of one single self-directing operation," the lathe for turning irregular forms, now in use in all armories, for making musket-stocks, also applied to busts, slioe-Uists, handles, spokes, &.C., and a machine for bending timbers, called the " Compound Bend." He was also en^'aged in the construction of railroads and locomo- tives, and in boats so contrived as to ascend the rapids of the Connecticut and the western rivers. He had taken out 24 patents for differ- ent inventions ; and, though he struggled long against discourajremcnts and difficulties, he ul- timately acquired wealth. — Bishop's American Manufacturers. Blanehelande (blunsh'-lond'), Phili- liERT Frantius HorssKT. DK, P'lcnch gen., b. Dijon, it;;:,; ,|..\,,r. II. 17M. Ki.tr, „,^ thr and soon after pub. a series of bitterly indig- nant letters against the gov. under the signa- ture of Cassias. Made capt. of the 1st troop of Va. cavalry, he joined the main army in 1777 as lieut-col.; became col., and signalized himself upon many o.uM-iim^ as a \ i-ilant and energetic otlirn-, |,.iiih'iiI.[i1v at liran.lvwinc. In 1779, boom.. t!ir .mhv, nii..,, m..,,!. at Albe- marle Barracks Va.; wasa nirniiHi nltheOld Congress, 17SO-3, and, Mibst'tjuiaitlv, of the State legisl. He opposed the adnpii'on of the U.S. Constitution in the convenliun, but rei>re- srnttii liis State in the lir.st Cununss held under il. an, I >niiki' in tavor nf tli,' a,->uni|,lion of the d'Aiu after SUCCCf France at the epoihof the Uevol. lie was sent to St. Domingo as gov. of the French part of the island; but evincing openly a disposition to re-establish the old order of things, in oppo- sition to the decrees of the National Assembly, giving the blacks equal right.?, he was taken to France, brought belbre the Revo!, tribunal, condemned, and executed. His son soon after shared his fate. Bland, Uicn.tRD, an able political writer, b. Va., 1708; d. Williamsburg, Va., Oct. 28, 1776 Wm. and Mary Coll. and U. of Edin- burgh. He was a fine classical scholar, familiar with British and Va. history, and was the ora- cle of his time on all questions touching the rights and privileges of the Colony. A disting. member of the house of burgesses from 1745, he opposed the Stamp Act in 17G4, with great zeal, and was one of the committee to memo- rialize the king, lords, and commons, but opposed the famous resolutions of Patrick Henry in 1765. In 1768, he was one of the committee to remonstrate with parliament on the subject of taxation. In 1769, when the house was dissolved, and its members met at the Raleigh Tavern, he was among the first to sign the non-importation agreement there pro- posed. He was one of the committee of cor- r.'sp. in 1773 ; of safety in 1775-6 ; was promi- nent in all thecommitteesof the conventions of that period ; was a delegate to Congress in 1 774, and was again chosen, Aug. 12, 1775, but , declined. Ho pub. " A Letter to the Clergy on ^ the Twopenny Act," in 17G0; "An Inquiry .nto the Rights of the British Colonies " in 1766, the first and ablest tract written on that subject. Bland, Col. Theodobic, M.D., states- man and soldier, b. Prince George Co., Va., 1742 ; d. New York, June 1, 1790. Through his grandmother, Jane Rolfe, he was fourth in descent from Pocahontas. John T{a.ndolpli was a nephew. He received his doctor's degree at Edinburgh; returned home ah. 1764, and practised medicine, but distinguished himself as a leader of vols, in opposing Lord Dunmore, 7 l.mliiy CMC inr.l nut ni.ly l,.r lu^- iiitrgiity. and drvutiuii tu princiijli-, but also lur his social accomplishments, which set off an elegant and imposing person. Bland, Theodoric, jurist, 22 years chan- cellor of Md., b. 1777; d. Annapolis, Md., Nov. 16, 1846. He Ugan liis jn.li. lal career in Baltimore, as judge <,f th, ( cimty ( Mart, from which station he was i;u^, ,| i,, ii,r l.un bof the U. S. Dist. Court for JUL lie pub. - Ucports of Cases decided in the High Court of Chancery, Md.," Btilt., 1836-41. Blaquiere, Peter Boyle de, Canadian politician, b. Dublin, Apr. 27, 1784; d. York- ville, near Toronto, Oct. 1860. Son of John, Lord de B. of Ardkill. Hewas a midshipman at the battle of Camperdown, but left the navy, and emigrated to Canada in 1837. Member of the legislative council from 1838 to 1860; some time chancellor of the U. of Toronto. Bledsoe, Albert T., teacher and author, b. Ky. West Point, 1830. Lieut. 7th Inf.; resigned 31 Aug. 1832; instr. of math, and French in Kenyon Coll., 1833-4; prof of math., Miami U., 183.5-6; lawyer in Spring- field, 111., 1840-8; prof. math, ai.d astron., U. of Mpi., 1848-53, and in U. f men. Bloomfield, .I'isi ill. -t.it. ^nan and sol- dier, b. Woodbiidge. -\.J.; d. Burlington, N.J., Oct. 3, 1823. He studied law until the breaking-out of the War of Indepemlence ; was 'made a capt. in Dayton's rcgt. (3d N.J.) in 1776, and served through the war, attaining the rank of major. He was subsequently atty.- gen. of the State; was gov. in 1801-12; was brig.-gen. during the War of 1812-15 ; M.C. 1817-21 ; and was chairman of a select commit- tee on Revol. pensions. He was a firm Repub. in politics, a brave soldier, and a sound legis- lator. Blount, Thomas, soldier and statesman of N.C, b. 1760; d. Washington, D.C., Feb. 7, 1812. Son of Jacob, member of the Provin- cial Assemblies of 1775-6, from Newbern ; BLO 99 brother of Wm. and Willie. He volunteered in the Revol. army at 16 ; became dep. paym.- gen. In 1780, and, with the rank of raaj., com. a batt. of N.C. militia at the battle of Eutaw Springs. He became a maj.-gen. of militia ; and was M. C. in 1793-9, 1805-9, and in 1811-12. Blount, William, statesman, b. N. C, 1744; d. Knoxville, Tenn., March 21, 1800. He was a delegate from N C. to the Old Con- gress in 1782, 3, 6, and 7 ; member of the assem- bly from Newbern in 1780 and 1784; a signer of the Federal Ccmstitution in 1787, and, in 1790, was app. gov. of the Territory of Ohio. Chosen pres.of the convention to form the State of Tenn. in 1796, he was its representative in Congress, but was expelled in July, 1797, for liaving instigated the Ci'eeks and Cherokces to assist the British in conquering the Spanish territory in La. The proceedings against him increased his popularity in Tenn., and he was elected to the State senate, and chosen pros, of that body. Blount, Willie, Gov. of Tenn. from 1809 to 1815; d. near ClarksviKr, Triin . S^|i(. 10, 1835, a. 68. He was sco. lu h;, lim. Wiiliam while territorial gov. of iMno; iiiirmnds rr- moved to Montgomery Co., Tenn- ; ua< Mjon returned to the legisl.', and in lS.-i4 was in the convention that revised the State constitution. Blowers, Sa.mpson Salter, jurist, b. Boston, Mar. 22, 1742 ; d. Halifax, N.S., Oct. 25, 1842. H. U. 1763. Grandson of Rev. Thomas B., minister of Beverly (1701-29). He studied law under Gov. Hutchinson. With Adams and Qiiincy, he was engaged as junior council in 1770 in the defence of the BrUish soldiers concerned in the " Boston Mas- sacre." Being a loyalist, he went to England in 1774, but returned in the spring of 1778 to his native city, and, aftera short imprisonment, went to Halifax, where he successfully pursued his profession until raised to the bench in 1795. In 1785 was app. atty.-gen., and speak- er of the house of assembly; and in 1797 chief-justice of the Supreme Court, having had for some years a seat in the council. In 18UI, ho became presiding judge, which office he re- signed in 1833. — Sabine. Blunt, Edmcnd, engineer, son of E. M , b. Newburyport, Ms., 23 Nov. 1799; d. Brook- lyn, N.Y., 2 Sept. 1866. At 17, he surveyed N.Y. harbor; until 1833, li,e was engaged in surveys of the W. Indies, Guatemala, and the coast of the U.S., on bis own account. From 1832 to his death, he was 1st assist, on the U.S. coast survey. He introduced into the U.S. the ^ Fresnel light, and invented the dividing engine. In 1855-6, hefurnished the points to determine the exterior line of N.Y. harbor. Blunt, Edmund March, nautical writer, b. Portsmouth, N.H., 20 June, 1770; d. Sing Sing, N.Y., 2 Jan., 1 862. He was a book-sell- er, and pub. the Newburyport Herald. In 1796, he pub. his first "Coast Pilot," which is still in use, and which has been translated into most of the languages of Europe. He also pub. " Stranger's Guide to N.Y. City," 1817, and numerous nautical books and charts. o <- Blunt, James G., maj.-gen. vols., b. Tren- ' •^ /* ton, Me., 20 July, 1826. From 14 to 19 years of age, he was a sailor. Removing to 0., he grad. at the Sterling Medical Coll., Columbus, 1849; practised in Darke Co., 0., until 1856; and then settled in Anderson Co., Kan., as a physician and farmer. He was a prominent leader in the free State party in 1856-7, and a member of the convention which formed the present constitution of the State. In July, 1861, he was made lient.-col. 3d Kan. vols. lie com. the cavalry of Gen, Lane's brigade, and, Apr. 8, 1862, was app. brig.-gen., and assigned to the department of Kan. Oct. 22, 1862, he engaged a Confederate force at Maysville, near the N. W. corner of Arkansas, and totally routed it. Nov. 28, 18G2, he attacked and drove Marmaduke's forces at Cane Hill, Ark. ; with Gen. Herron, defeated Hindman at Prairie Grove, Dec. 7, and on the 27th and 28th defeated a body of rebels, and captured Van Buren, a fort on the Ark. River. In June, 1863, he was relieved from com. of the Kan. dep't, and took the field with the army of the frontier. July 16, 1863, he defeated Gen. Cooper at Honey Springs, near the Ark. River; maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862. Reside, in Leavenworth, Kan. Blunt, Joseph, lawyer and politician, son i<( F.duiiiiid M., b. Newburyport, Ms., Feb. 1792: d. N.Y. City, June 16, 1860. He was first brought to notice by writing on the Mo. question in 1820. Soon after, he wrote for the A'. A. Remciu an article on the Laybacfa Cir- cular, which brought him into acquaintance with leading national men. He was long a leading Whig and protectionist, and was one of the first members of the Repub. party, and drew up the original resolutions of the Repub. State convention at Saratoga in 1854. Mr. Bhint declined the eommissionership to China offered him by Pres. Fillmore. He was district atty. not long before his death. He edited the American Annual Register, 1827-35. He pub. " Historical Sketch of the Formation of the American Confederacy," N.Y., 8vo, 1 825 ; " Speeches, Reviews, and Reports," 8vo, 1843 ; " Merchants' and Shipmasters' Assistant," 8vo, N. Y., 1829 and 1848. Boardman, George Dana, Bapti-st mis- sionary, b. Livermore, Me., Feb. 8, 1801 ; d. Burmah, Feb. 11,1831. Water. Coll. 1822. His father was a clergyman. He studied at the And. Theol. Sem.; was ord. at West Yar- mouth, Me., Feb. 16, 1825 ; m. Miss Sarah Hall, July 4, and on the 16th sailed for Cal- cutta, where he arrived Dec. 2. Acquiring the Burman language, he entered upon his labors at Maulmain in the latter part of May, 1827, and planted a mission which became the central point of all the Baptist missions in Burmah In Apr. 1 828, he established a mission at Tavoy, where he 800*1 afterwards baptized Ko-mah-byn, a Karen convert, whose labors were very snc- cesslill among his countrymen. In Feb. 1828, ho Wade a tour among the Karen villages with such success that he determined on a systematic course of itinerary labor. His exertions oc- casioned the loss of bis health ; and he was carried off by consumption. Boardman, Henrt Auo., D.D., clergy- man anil author, b. Troy, N.Y., 9 Jan. 1808. Y. C. 1829. Since 1833, pastor 10th Presb. Church, Phila. Chosen in 1853 to fill the chair 100 of pastoral theology at Princeton, he deelineil it. He has pub. " The Scriptural Doctrine of Ori- Kinal Sin," 1839; " Letters to Bisliop Doane on the 0.\for(l Tracts," 1841 ; "The l>ielatical Doctrine of the Apostolii a] Su . .;..ii V.\- amined," 1844; "ThelJili! ; 1 ilv." 1851; "The Bible in tlir i )'i II : -." 1853; some sermons, ami ,i .i,|i_iiiii] on Daniel Webster. — Oiii/ckwclc. Boernstein, Henry, journalist, b. Ham- burg, Germany, 4 Nov. 1805. His parents re- moved in 1813 to Lemberg, where he received at the U. a medical education. After serving in the Austrian army, he was some years con- nected with the stage in Vienna ; became man- ager of the German Opera at Paris in 1842, and a playwright, and came to the U. S. in Dee. 1848. In Mar. 1850, he became pub. editor and proprietor of the Auzeiijer des Westeiis at St. Louis, one of the most influential German papers of the west. — Edimrd's Great West. Bogardus, James, inventor, b. Cat, r-jlJl ' li^ ™- Susan Maty, dau. of Benjamin Wil- ^ V*^ '^A, liams of Roxbury, Ms. He resembled Napo- C leon, more than either of his own brothers did, *" in the shape of the head, regularity of features, and the dark eyes of peculiar tint which char- acterized the emperor. He had two sons, Je- rome and Charles Joseph. Bond, George Phillips, director of the Cambridge Observatory, and Phillips Prof of astronomy, H.U., from 1859 to his d. Feb. 17, 1865, b. Dorchester, Ms., May 20, 1825. H.U. 1845. Son of Wm. Cranch Bond. Memberof the Acad, of Arts and Sciences, and an astron- omer of the highest rank. He received from the Royal Astron. Soc, London, a gold med- al for his great work on the Donati Comet. Author of papers on the Rings of Saturn, on the Orbits of Hyperion, on the Nebula of An- dromeda, on Stellar Photography, &c. Bond, Henry, M.D., physician and genealogist, b. Watertown, Ms., March 21, 1790; d. Phila., May 4, 1859. Dartm. Coll. 1813. Grandson of Col. Wm. Bond of the Revol. army, who d. near Ticonderoga, 31 Aug. 1776. He studied medicine, settled first in Concord, N.H., and in Nov. 1819, in Phila., where he resided till his death. He was iJie author of many valuable papers on professional subjects, and contrib. largely to mc^l dli-nwi! iv. In 1838, he was app. by the U.S. (,mu. in,,,iMluct a series of astronomical ami luctcoiu.ugical observations in connection with the exploring exped. then fitting out. In 1839, he was app. superintendent of the erection of the observatory of H.U., of which he became director. He ranked among the greatest astronomers of his time. He pub. " Result of Astron. Observ. in 1832-.3,"4to, Camb., 185.5. In 1842, the honor- ary degree of A.M. was conferred upon him by H.U.; and he was a member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences, of the Philos. Soc, and of the Royal Astronomical Soc. of London. Bonham, Milledge L. , gen. C.S.A., b. S.C., ab. 1815. S.C. Coll. 1834. He studied law ; was adm. to the bar at Columbia in 1837, and settled at Edgefield, C.H. Served in Mex- ico at the head of a batt. of S C. troops ; was solicitor for the Southern Circuit, from 1848 to 1850; and was M.C. from 1856 until the with- drawal of the members from S.C, — Dec. 24, 1860, after the secession of that State. App. maj.-gen. of the S.C. troops, and afterward brig.-gen in the Conled. army, and took part in the battles of Blackburn's Ford and Bull Knu. Being elected to the Conlederate Con- gress, he withdrew from the army ; gov. of S.C. 1862-4, and then resumed his military position, which he held at the time of Lee's surrender. Bonner, Robert, proprietor of the N. Y. Ledger, b. Londonderry, Ireland, ab. 1820, of Scotch Presb. ancest. While a lad in the printing-office of the Hartford Courant, he could set up more type in a day than any man in the State. He went to N.Y. City in 1844; pur- chasing the Ledger, an obscure sheet, he brought it to the high position it now occujiies, by engaging Fanny Fern, Edw. Everett, II. W. Beecher, and other eminent writers, as contrib- utors. By industry and sagacity, he has ac- quired a large fortune, and has made the Ledger the foremost weekly paper in the world. Bonneville (bon'-vel), C. de, a French engineer, b. Lyons, ab. 1710 ; d. ab. 1780. He was a capt. of engineers, and after serving in Prussia, and being iiii|irisoned some time in the F'ortivss of Spandaii, was employed in the war agiiiiist the En;^ish, terminated by the peace of 1763. While in America, he turned his attention to the study of the productions of this part of the world, as well as the manners of its inhabitants, and pub., in 1771, " l>e I'Ame'riijue i-t des Ame'ricains," &c. Bonneville was the author of several other works — Nouv. Bio;/ Univ. Siippt. Bonneville, Benjamin L. E.,brev. brig.- gen. U S. A., b. Tenn. West Point, 1815. . Lieut, of artillery, Dec. 11, 18ir> ; assist, com- missary of subsist. Oct. 1813; capt. 14 Oct. 1825 ; maj. 6th Inf. July 15, 1845 ; com 103 that iv^'t. in till' V;illev of Jlexico ; brev. lieut.- col. fell CnntMiM, ;uk1 Cliiirubusco, Aug. 20, 18-t;. ill uhi'li 111 11.1^ woundeJ; lieut.-col. 4th Inf. -M.iv :, l-iJ, rol. 3d Inf. Feb. 3, 18.55; com. Ill ihu GiU c.\pcd. in June, 1857; retired Sept. 9, 1861 ; made brev. brig.-gen. March 13, 1865. Author of a Journal of an E.^ped. to the Rocky Mountains, edited by Washington Ir- Bonnycastle, Charles, mathe U. Wuolwich, Kw^., 1792; d. at tlie U. of Va., (.let. 1S40. Jobn, liis father, was prof of math- ematics at the .Military Acad, of Woolwich, and was assisted by his son in the preparation of several elementary books on mathematical subjects, occasioually writing articles for the encyclopaedias and for periodicals. App. first prof, of natural philosophy in the tJ. of Va., he arrived in the U.S. in' Feb. 1825, and, in 1827, he was, at his own request, transferred to the chair of mathematics. Author of a treatise on Inductive Geometry, and several memoirs Bonnyeastle, Sir Richard Henry, bro. of the preceding, b. 1791 ; d. 1848. He served at Flushing in 1809, in Canada in 1812-15; became eapt. of royal en;^ineers in 1825; was com. engineer in Canada West, from 1837 to 1839 ; was knighted for services in the defence of Kingston, Canada, in 18.i7; was com. en- gineer In Newfoundland, and in 1848 was made lieut.-col. He is the author of " The Canadas in 1841," " Canada as it Was, Is, and May Be," &c , and " Spanish America," Loud., 2 vols., ISIS. — Mori/an. Bonpland (bOn'-plon'), Aime, a French traveller and naturalist, b. La Rochelle, Aug. 22,1773; d. Santa Aiia in Uruguay, 11 May, 1858. While a medical student, lie was, for a short time, a surgeon in a man-of-war. At Paris, he became the pupil of Corvisart, and the friend and fellow-student of Humboldt, whom he accomp. in the scientific journey described in Humboldt's " Voyage to the Equinoctial Regions of the New World." After 5 years' absence, Bonpland presented his collections to the govt., and was rewarded with a pension. Made intendant of Malmaison, he devoted himself to the publication of his travels, but, on the death of the Empress Jose- phine, returned to Amer., reaching Buenos Ayres in 1816. Having set out on his travels to the Andes, he visited the old missions of the Jesuits in ParaL;uay, wheie he was arrested by the agents of the dictator Francia, in 1821, who detained him in the country, and forced him to support himself by the practice of med- icine in an Indian village. He was released in Fei). 1831, afterward m. an Indian woman, and retired to a plantation near Borja in Uruguay. His "Nova Genera et Speciex Plan- tarum," 12 vols., folio (Paris, 1815-29), with 700 colored plates, is one of the finest works ever printed. Author, also, of " Equinoctial Plants of Me.xico, Cuba," &c., 2 vols., fol., 140 plates. Boomer, George Boardman, brii-gen. vols., b. Sutton, Ms., July 26, 1832; killed at Vick.sburg, Mpi., May 22, 1863. Son of Uev. Job Borden Boomer. Settled at an early age at St. Louis, as a bridge-builder. He laid out and p.trtly built the town of Castle Rock on the Osage River. As col. 22d Mo. Vols., he was present at the surrender of Island No. 10, and, at the battle of luka, was disting.,and •wounded. At the battle of Chai npion Hills, near Vicksburg, he com. the 2d bn- gadeof Quinby's div., McPherson's corps, with such conspicuous gallantry, that he was highly recommended for promotion. Killed in a charge on the fortifications of Vicksburg. Boone, Daniel, pioneer settler of Ky., b. Bucks Co., Pa., 11 Feb. 1735; d. Charettc, Mo., 26 Sept. 1820. His parents, who were English, removed to the Yadkin River, N. C, where Boone became a skilful hunter and woodsman. From Alay, 1769 to Mar. 1771, he was explor- ing thewi'ldsof Ky., whither, in Sept. 1773, he led a party of settlers. In June, 1774, he con- ducted a 'party of surveyors to the falls of Ohio, and, in the campaign against the Shaw- nees, defended against their attacks 3 frontier forts. In April, 1775, he built the fort where Boonesborough now stands, and repulsed sev- eral attacks made at various times by hostile Indians. 7 Feb. 1778, while making salt at the Licking River, he was captured, and taken to Detroit. Adopted into an Indian family at Chillicothe, he escaped, June 16, on learning of an intended attack on Btwnesborough, reaching the fort, 160 miles distant, in 4 days. In 1780. he took part in the disastrous battle of the Blue Licks, where he lost his second son, and accomp. Gen. Clarke's exped. against Vincennes immediately afterward. In 1795, having been deprived of the lands he had settled, in consequence of an imperfect legal title, he indignantly shouldered his rifle, and plunged into the forests of Missouri. Here a valuable tract of land in the Fcmme Osage district was given him for his services, which he also lost, because he would not go to New Orleans to complete his title. He had left Ky. in debt, but eventually obtained a valuable lot of peltry, turned it into cash, went on foot to Ky., paid every one whatever was demanded, and, returning home with half a dollar, said he was ready to die content. Notwithstanding his many Indian encounters, Boone was a in-law, Flanders Calloway. His portrait, by Chester Harding, is in the State House of Ky. An account of his adventures, by himself, was pub. in Filson's Supplement to Imlay's De- scription of the Western Terr., 1793. His son Nathan L., col. U.S.A.. served in the War of 1812; d. Springfield, Mo., Jan. 18.57, a 75. Boone, William Jones, D.D., Prot.-Ep. missionary, bishop to Shanghai, China, b. S.C, 1811; d. Shanghai, July 17, 1864. He studied law, then theology, at the sem. at Alex- andria, Va., and, in Jan! 1837, went as a mis- sionary to China. Consecrated bishop, 26 Oct. 1844. Having a thorough knowledge of Chi- nese langu:ige and literature, he tr.inslated the prayer-book in 1846, and was selected to review the translation of the Bible, in which he dispLiyed great ability and learning. Booth, Edwin F., actor, son of the cele- brated J. B. Booth, b. on his father's farm, near Baltimore, Md., in Nov. 1833. He was ed- acated fui- on his star ingsmall | pea ranee a with his father ■asionaily play- first regular ap- ,Sept. 10,1849, ri 1851,011 oeca- dok his place, 1 Theatre, N.Y. ra-e.lfur ••titi:- and ill IS.')? appeared as Kicliard at Burton's Theatre, N.Y. In Nov. 1860, when he played at this theatre, under its new name of the " Winter Garden," he achieved that high posi- tion on the stage which lie now holds. He made a professional visit to Eng. in the sum- mer of 1861, played at the Hayinarket, studied his artoneyearon the Continent, and letunie I to its practice in N.Y. in Sept. 1862. He has won high distinction in the character of Ham- let. In 1869, he erected on 2.3d St., N.Y., a magnificent theatre. His first wife, Mary Devlin, a danseuse, d. Dorchester, Ms, Feb. 21, 1863. June 7, 1869, he m. Mary McVick- er, ii^e Runnion. Booth, James C, chemist, b. 1310. Prof, of applied chemistry in Franklin Institute; inciter and refiner in U.S. xMint., Phila. Has pnh. " Encyclopsediaof Chemistry," &.C., 18.50 ; " Recent Improvements in the Chemical Arts," 1851, in the Smithsonian Reports. In both works, he was assisted by Campbell Morfit. Booth, John Wilkes, the assassin of President Lincoln, b. Harford Co., Md., 1839 ; d. April 26, 1865. Third son of the celelirat- ed actor. His early education was irregular, and deficient in moral training. In 1856, he went on the stage, where he was noticeable for beauty, grace, and physical strength, but be- came dissipated in his habits. From the out- break of the Rebellion, he was a violent seces- sionist, so tnii'-h sn tlint his hrother Edwin, the tragedian, fMiiil inn 'i'- house. He with- drew from ili III 1864. for the pur- pose, as is Mij. I ling the crime he afterward pcriiLiuiicil , l.uicd in an attempt to abduct Mr. Lincoln early in 1855, and failed again in the attempt to murder him on theday of his inauguration. Enlarging his scheme to includethe principal membersof the cabinet, the vice-prcs., and the lieut.-gen., he trained several accomplices, who all failed ; though Mr. Seward and his son were saved from death almost by miracle. On the evening of April 14, after firing the fatal shot at Mr. Lincoln, at Ford's Theatre, Booth leaped from the box" to the stage ; and, his spur catching upon the flag which draped the front of the President's box, he fell upon the stage, and fractured one of the bones of the leg, but, springing up, he flourished a knife, and shouting, " Sic semper tijninnis," fled by a private entrance, where one of his accomplices was holding a horse for him. With Harold, another accomplice, he rode near 30 miles, to the houseof Dr. Mudd in Va., where his broken limb was set. Mudd aided his escape southward ; and he crossed the Rap- pahannock at Swan Point, making his way with great dificulty to Garrett's Farm, ab. 20 miles below Fredericksburg. Here Col. Bak- er, with a squad of detectives, found hiin on the night of April 25 ; and, refusing to sur- render, he was shot. Booth, Junius Brutus, the greatest of American tr.agedians, b. London, May 1, 1796 ; d. on the passage from N. Orleans to Cincin- nati, T)n: 1, 18.')-:. His father was an atty., lii,!ii..,l, r I liii. il .i.-oiHlaiit ,if J.jIhi Wilkes. .\t!' r hi; , ,; i. ::- a: m .iiiuiis, he joined a .ir.iiliii, . . r I .; ii|ii,raiva at Pcckham, S'pi. I;, 1^1 I I- I IT. i!'... Ill " Tiie Honev- Afte London, and at I In i : , i i i i 1 lir made his c/ebul at Covent i. i n I ' i , London, as Richard III. Hi.; i- ii- a f the char- acter was so striking, that he competed success- fully with the famous Edmund Kean. The managers of Drury Lane induced him to act there in the same plays with Kean ; but when, after a few nights, he was again announced at Covent Garden, his appearance was the signal for a serious theatrical riot, which resulted in driving him, for a time, from the London stage. July 13, 1821, he made his first appearance in the'U.S., at Petersburg, Va., and, Oct. 5, at the Park Theatre, N.Y., in his favorite character of Richard. From that time until the close of his life, he acted in nearly every theatre in the U.S., and in spite of his irregular habits, which sometimes interfered with the performance of his engagements, enjoyed an extraordinary popularity. In 1824, he bought a fiirm in Bel Air, 30 niiles from Baltimore, where he lived in a retired and frugal manner, selling his eggs and butter in that city. In 1825, he visited Eng., opened at Drury Lane as Brutus, and revisited it in 1836. His last appearance was at the St. Charles, N. Orleans, Nov. 19, 1852, as Mortimer and John Lump. He had just returned from a lucrative tour to Cal. when he died. His range of characters was confined almost exclusively to those which he had stud- ied in the beginning' "f his iMr.cr. In that of Richard, after the ■! ti, i.i K ni li<> had no rival. Among hi- < i: ilar person- ations were lagu, hii I II, I, :,, nil, Peseara, Lear, Shylock, Uaiiiiet. ..n.l .Su I.Jmnnd Mor- timer. In his peculiar sphere, — the sudden and nervous expression of concentrated pas- sion, — as also in the more quiet and subtile passages of hisdelineations, he exercised a won- deiful sway over his audience. His voice was singularly flexible and melodious, and suscepti- ble of the most exquisite pathos. He was, un- questionably, one of the greatest actors that ever lived. No animal food was permitted in his family, and ail animal life was sacred to him. He reverenced all lorms of religion and all temples of devotion ; never passing them without baring his head. Several of his chil dren inherited a portion of his dramatic talent; and one of them, Edwin, has attained an envi able position on the American boards. — See Life. Ill) his ilaiir,laei;N.Y.. IS66. Booth, Mrs. Mary H. C, poet, b. Ct., 1831; d. N.Y. City, 11 Apr., 1865. She ra. an editor, with whom she svent to MiUvaukie, Wis., ab. 1850. She resided a few years in Zurich for the benefit of her impaired health, corresponding with some American papers and 105 BOS journals, and, in 18C4, pub. a vol. of poom<, '• Wayside Blossoms." Slie returned to N.V. in tliat year. Booth, Makt L , author and translator, b. Yaphauk, L.I., April 19, 1831. In 1845-6, she taught in her fathers' school at Williams- burg, L.I., but relinquished the pursuit on ac- count of ill health. Slie then became a con- trib. to various journals and magazines. She li IS translated inanv works from the French. In 1859, she pub. "A Hist, of the City of New York " She is at present engaged in tr.inslat- ing Henri Martin's " History of France." — Diiiickiiick. Borda, Jean Charles, a scientific Krcnch navigator, b. Dax, 4 May, 1733 ; d. Paris, 20 Feb. 1799. He was a teacher of mathematics ; became a capt. in the French navy, and by his scientific knowledge was of great service to the Count H'Estaing during the Amer. war, in which he com. the" Solitaire "vfiih distinction. Made a member of the Acad, of Sciences in 1756. In 1771, he made a voyage to Amer. for scientific purposes, and again in 1774, and at a later period, of which he pub. an account in 1778. He founded the School of Naval Architecture in France, invented nautical in- struments, was one of the scientific men who framed the French metric system, and pub. some treatises on hydraulics. Member of the French Institute. Borden, Slmeon, ivil engineer, b. Fall 98; d. there Oct. 28, rerton.R.I., he studied J. 1856. Brought up at Ti mathematics and geometry, as applied chanical combinations, and made himself one of the ablest practical mechanics of his day. BecoiTiing a surveyor, he made hisown survey- ing compass, took charge of a machine-shop in Fall River in 1828, and in 1830 devised and constructed for the State of Ms. an apparatus for measuring the base line of the trigonomet- rical survey of that State, of which he took charge in 1834-41. An account of it may be found in " The Amer. I'hil. Transactions," vol. ix., p. 34. He traced and marked the boundary lines between Ms. and R.I. ; also constructed several railroads, and pub. in 1851 " Formula for Constructing Railroads." In 1851, he sus- pended a telegraph-wire across the Hudson, irorn the Palisades to Fort Washington, upon masts 220 feet high. Member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences, the Philos. Society, and other learned bodies. Bordley, John Beale, judge and agric. writer, b. Annapolis, Md., Feb. 11, 1727; d. Phila., Jan. 26, 1804. A lawyer by profession, he was prothonotary of Baltimore Co. in 1753-66; judge of the Prov. Court in 1766, and of the Admiralty Court in 1767-76, and a commissioner to fix the boundary line be- tween Md. and Del. in 1768. He was one of the few who held seats in the Prov. councils of the time, who acquiesced in the Revol., and rejoiced in its accomplishment. Removing to Piiila. in 1793, he established ther.e the first agric. society in the U. S. Fond of husbandry, by his experiments upon his estate in Wye Is- land, in Chesapeake Bay, and by his writings, he was instrumental in diffusing a knowledge of the art. He pub. "Forsyth on Fruit-Trees, with Notes ; " " On Rotation of Crops," 1792 ; " Essays and Notes on Husbandry and Rural Affairs, with plates," 1799-1801 ; and " A View of the Courses of Crops in Eng. and Md.," 1784. Borland, Solon, soldier and statesman, b. Va. ; d. in Texas, Jan. 31, 1864. Educated in N.C. Settled as a physician in Little Rock, Ark. Served in the Mexican war as maj. in Yell's cavid. ; made prisoner with Mnj. Gaines in Jan. 1847, and aide-de-camp to Gen. Worth in the battle of ElMoliiio, and up to the capture of the city of Mexico, Sept. 14, 1847. U. S. senator from Ark. from 1849 to 1853, and was app. by Pres. Pierce minister to Central Amer. He also received from him the app. of gov. of the Territory of New Mexico, hut declined. An insult offered him in May, 1854, at San Juan de Nicaragua, was the principal causefor the bombardment of the town by Com- mander Hollins of the sloop-of-war "Cyane," July 13, 1854. He resumed practice at Little Rock, until the spring of 1861, when, long before the secession of the State, he raised a body of troops, and, Apr. 24, took possession of Fort Smith. He held the rank of brig.-gen. in the rebel army. Boscawen,' Edward, a Brit, admiral, b. Aug 14, 1711 ; d. Jan. 10, 1761. Capt. R.N. 12 Mar. 1737. Having particularly disting. ■himself at Portobello and at Carthagena, he was in 1744 promoted to " The Dreadnought " of 60 guns, in which he took " The Media." At the battle off Cape Finisterre in 1747, he signalized himself under Anson, and, being made a rear-admiral, was despatched in 1748, with a squadron, to the East Indies. Failing in an attempt on Pondieherry, he succeeded in making himself master of Madras, and, upon returning to Eng., took his seat at the admi- ralty board in 1751. In 1755, he sailed fur N. Amer., and, in an action with a Krcnch sqn.id- ron, captured two ships of the line. In 1758, he succeeded in reducing Louisburg and Cape Breton in conjunction with Gen. Amherst, who com. the land forces ; and in 1759, having then the com. in the Mediterranean, pursued the Toulon fleet under De la Clue through the Straits of Gibraltar, and, coming up with it in Lagos B.ay, completely defeated it, burning two ships, and taking three. The thanks of parliament, and £3,000 a year, with the rank of gen. of marines, was the reward of these services. M. P. 1743-61. Bostwiok, David, Presb. divine, b. New Milfbrd, Ct., Jan. 8, 1721 ; d. N Y. Citv, Nov. 12, 1763. A. M. of N.J. Coll. 1756. John, his grandfather, came from Cheshire, Eng., to Stratford, Ct., ab. 1668. After teaching in an acad. at Newark, N.J., he was pastor of the church at Jamaica, L. I., from Oct. 9, 1745, to May, 1756, and of the Presb. church in N.Y., from 1756 till his death. He was a man of great eloquence. He pub. a sermon, " Self disclaimed, and Christ exalted," 1758; a " Life of President Davies," prefixed to his sermon on the "^Death of George II." 1761 ; and a " Vindication of Infant Baptism," repub. Lond., 1765. — S/mi/jue. Bostwick, Helen Looise (Barrow), poet, b. Charlestown, N.H., 1826. Dau. of Dr. 106 BOXJ Tutnam B;irrow ; removed to 0. in 183S; m. therein 1844; resides at Kaveiiiia, 0. Long a contrib. to literary journals. A vol. of her poems has been pub. ' N.Y., entitled " Buds ;,'• — Poets and Poctr. Blossoms, and of the West. BOSSU, F., a French traveller, b. Bai'rneux- les-juifs, ab. 1725. Capt. in the navy, he was one of the first travellers who explored La. He made three journeys in this country by order of his government, and pub. an account of his discoveries, in two works, entitled *' Nouvenux Voyatjesaux Indies Orrlrlrntnl' ,c," ctr. Paris, 1768, translated into Enuli-!i l-y 1. 1'.. Forster, with the title of " Trav.l- thi.niiili il.at Part of North America formtMlvr.illi.il Limh.m- ana, Lond., 1771 ; and •' Nom-eanx V,i,/wi<-s dans VAingrique Septentrionate," Amsterdam, 1777, 8vo. Botetourt, Norbonne Berkeley, Bar- on de, one of the last and liest of the royal governors of Va., b. ah. 17.34; d. Williams- burg, Va., Oct. 15, 1770. Son of John Svmes Berkeley ; was col. of the N. Gloucestershire militia in 1761 ; represented that shire in par- liament, and in 1764 was raised to the peer- age. Having ruined himself by gaming, he became, says Junius, " a cringing, bowing, fawning, sword-bearing courtier." In July, 1768, he was made gov. of Va. Instructed to assume more dignity than was usual with colonial governors, he paraded the streets of Williamsburg with guards, a coach, and other insignia of vice-regal pomp. The Va. Assem- bly, having in 1769 passed resolutions against parliamentary taxation, and the sending ac- cused persons to Eng. for trial, was dissolved by him. He was deeply mortified by the wid- ening of the breach between Eng. and the Colonies, and soon after d. of disea.se aggravated by mental suffering. In 1774, a statue was erected to his memory by the Assembly. He was a warm friend to William and iUary Coll. and was extremely partial to literary men. Botta, Anne Charlotte (Ltnch), poet- ess, b. Bennington, Vt. Her father, one of the United Irishmen of '98, was banished for life, and came to Amer. Miss Lynch, who was educated at Albany, began early to contrib. to literary journals ; pub. at Providence, in 1841, " The R.I. Book," and soon after removed to N. Y. Citv. A coll. of her poems, illustrated by Durand, Darley, Huntington, Brown, and other artists, has been pub. Her prose contribs. to periodicals, consisting of essays, tales, and criticisms, are numerous. She was m. in 1855 to Vincenzo Botta, nephew of the historian of America, formerly doctor of philosophy and divinity in the U. of Turin, member of the Sardinian parliament of 1849, and author of a work on public education, pub. under the patron.ige of that government ; author, also, of " Hand-book of Universal Literature." Botta, Carlo Gidseppe GncLiELMO, an Italian historian, b. San Giorgio Canavese, Piedmont, Nov. 6, 1766; d. Paris, Aug. 10, 1837. He received a medical education at Tu- rin, and occupied his leisure in studying bota- ny, music, and literature. In 1 792, he was imprisoned, and put to the tortnre, on a politi- cal accusation, but, after 17 montlis' incarcer- ation, established his innocence, and was re- leased. He then went to France, served as a sur- geon in the Army of the Alps, then in that of Italv, and produced his first work, — apian of govt, fnr Lombardv. While stationed in 1796, M.in.l her u( I the Au He wei rank it lie wrote ion of the ). a mem- nt, which Miinated. (1 to his of Italv. .\l,,i, lrcssed a memoir on Canada to the French Govern- ment, which see in O'Callaghan's Paris Docs. X. p. 1139. Bourne, Benjamin. LL.D., jurist, b. Bris- tol, R.L, Sept. 9, 1755; d. Sept. 17, 1808. H.U. 1775. Grandson of Ezra (chief-justice C. C. P. Barnstable Co ), who was grandson of Benj. Was an able lawyer, often a member of the State legisl. ; M. C.'l790-6 ; and in 1801 was app. judge of the Circuit Court of the U.S. Bourne, Richard, missionary to the Marshpce Indians, b. Eng. ; d. Sandwich, Ms., ab. 1685. Acquiring the Indian language, he began as early as 1658 to devote himself to their instruction and welfare, and was ord. pastor of the Indian Church at Marshpee, Bouton, John Bell, author, b. Concord, N.II , Mar. 15, 1830. Dartm. Coll. 1849. He read law; became in 1851 associate editor of the Cleveland Plain Dealer ; removed to N.Y. City in 1857, and was one of the editors of the Journal of Commerce, 1857-64 ; and is engaged in commercial, business in that city. He pub. " Loved and Lost," a series of essays, 1857 ; " Round the Block," a novel, 1864 ; " Treasury of Travel and Adventure," 1865 ; andcontrib. most of the scientific articles to the New Am. Cyclop, for 1866. — ^/««m/Z>. C. Bouton, Rev. Nathaniel, D.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1851), b. Norwalk, Ct., settled over a Cong, church in Concord, N.H., 23 Mar. 1825. Y.C. 1821; And. Sem. 1824. Author of "Memoir of Mrs. Eliz. McFarland," 1839; " Hist. Discourse on the 200th Anniv. of the Settlement of Norwalk, Ct., 9 July, 1851;" " The Fathers of th ■ N.H. Ministry," a dis- course, 22 Aug. 1848 : '■ Hist, of Education in N.H." a discourse, 12 June, 1833; "History of Concord, N.H." 1856; "Discourse Coni- mem. of a 40 years' Ministry, Concord, 23 Mar. 1865." Boutwell, George Sewall, LL.D. (H. U. 1851), statesman, b. Brookline, Ms., Jan. 28, 1818. He worked on a farm when a boy ; was engaged in mercantile business 20 years; then studied law, and was adm. to the bar; was 7 years in the Ms. legisl. between 1842 and '50; member of the Const. Conv. of Ms. in 1853; bank commissioner, 1849-50; gov. of Ms., 1851-3 ; 5 years sec. of the Ms. Board of Education ; 6 years member of the Board of Overseers of" Harvard Coll. ; first commis- sioner of interval revenue, from July, 1862, to BOXJ 109 BO^CV Mar. 1863; M. C. 1053-9; sec. of the U. S. treasury since Mar. 1869. One of the nian- a<:ers of the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson in 1868. A vol. of his " Speeches and Papers " was pnli. in 1867. Author of '■ Manual of U. S. Direct and Excise Tax System," 1863. Resides in Groton, Mass. Bouvier, Johm, jurist, b. Codognan, France, 1787 ; d. Phila., Nov 18. 18.il. Of a Quaker family, which emigrated to this coun- try in 1802. lie was employed in a bookstore suMie M-urs. pub. a new^pap'r, 71ir American 7',',.. ,,' ;;, i;!,>>M,-si:,,; r, W. •■rrn Pa., ■ place, Tele,;,„ph, from Apr. 1818, to July, 1820. He began practice in Phila. in 1823; was recorder of Phila., Jan. 1836; asso. judge of the Court of Criminal Se-^sions from Mar. 1838, and was learned in the law, as well as in the literature of several languages. He pub. a " Law Dictionary," 1839; an edition of " Bacon's Abridgment of the Law." in 1841, and " In- stitutes of Amerii-ui Lan." 1851. Bovadilla (i'"'-\:i irr yii), do?? pRAxgois DE, an arrogant ami inci'Tii|)i-H'nt Spanish gov. ; d. June 29, 15ii2. He wa> commander of the order of Calatrava, and in 1500 was sent to Saint Domingo by Ferdinand and Isabella, charged to examine the conduct of Columbus, and, if he found him guilty, to deprive him of command, and seize his person. He performed the latter part of his instructions regardless of the former, seized upon the authority on his arrival, put Columbus in irons, and sent him home to Spain, with an act of accusation filled with contemptible charges. Bovadilla was soon succeeded by A'icolas Ovando; and Columbus was restored' to liberty. The persecutor of this great man embarked in the Spanish fleet, to render an account to his country of his conduct, and perished in a tempest with the greater part of thr' vf-r'h wln-h accompanied him. j3ovc^ ' >, Joseph Thomas, a Span- i-li A -an ; d. Dec. 5, 1814. He was a ( a- :; I > i ■ n iuin, a Sergeant of marines ; atterwanls M_rvi-cl in the coast-guard, but was punished by imprisonment for allowing him- self to be bribed, and, on leaving prison, became a peddler. Becoming a capt. of militia in 1810, the defeat of the royalist Cagigal, to whose corps be was attached, decided him to make war on his own account. He established himself at Calabozo, and wiih about 500 men, mostly slaves, defeated Marino, dictator of the eastern provinces. Thenceforward with his little army, swollen with vagabonds, escaped convicts (black and white), he commenced a devastating partisan warHire. His atrocities gave his horde the well-merited name of the " Infernal Division ; " and the butchery of 1 ,200 prisoners was the commencement of a long series of similar barbarities on both sides. Feb. 19, 1814, be defeated Bolivar at Saint Mateo, and airnin, June 14 ; Boves then advanced upon Valencia, raised the siege of Porto Cabello, driving back the imlepcndcnts : the city capi- tulated. To give to the articles of capitulation a more solemn sanction, mass was celebrated between the two armies ; and, at the moment of the elevation, the royalist gen. promised a faithful and strict observance of the treaty. Entering the city, Boves had the repub. officers and a number of soldiers shot. Again a con- queror at Antimano, Bolivar withdrew to Bar- celona ; and the Spaniards entered Caracas. Aug. 8, he gained a new success, killing or wounding 1,500 of the independents, ami tak- ing four pieces of cannon. Dec. 5, he .saw at Urica his last triumph, being killed by the thrust of a lance. — JVoiw. Bing. Unit: Bowden, Joiix, D.D., a PV.-Ep. iMvinc, b. Ireland, Jan. 1751 ; d. Ballston, N.Y., Julv31, 1817. Col. Coll. 1770. The son of a British officer who served during the French war, lie followed bis father to Anier., and, after study- ing 2 years at N. J. Coll., returned with him to Ireland. He came to Amer a'.'ain in 1770, studied divinity, and returned to Eng., where he was ord. in 1774. In the summer of that year, he returned to N.Y., where he became assistant minister of Trinity Church. He took charge of the church at Norwalk, Ct., from Dec. 1784, until Oct. 1785, when weakness of the lungs induced him to take charge of the church at St. Croix in the West Indies. Com- pelled, after two years' residence, to give up preaching, he settled at Stratford, Ct. From 1796 to 1805, he had cliarge of the Ep. acad. in Cheshire, Ct.,and from 1805 to 1817 was prof of moral philos. and belles lettres in Col. Coll. He pub. a number of controver.^al letters, an address to the members of the Ep. church in Stratford, some remarks, &c. ; AFulI-lcngih Portrait of Calvinism; The Essentials of Or- dination, and Observations on the Catholic Controversy. BOWditCh, N.ATHANIEL, LL.D. (H. U. 1816), F.R.S., mathematician and astronomer, b. Salem, Mar. 26, 1773; d. Boston, Mar. 16, 1838. The poverty of his parents occasi(mcd his withdrawal frorn school at the age of 10, and,afteran apprenticeship in a ship-chandler's shop until he was 21, he spent nine years in a seafaring life, attaining the rank of master. He was prcs. of a Marine-Ins. Co. in Salem, from 1804 to 1823, when he became actuary of the Ms. Hospital Life-Ins. Co. in Boston. By his extraordinary genius and industry, he made greatacquisitions in knowledge, mastered many languages, and did more for the reprriation ot his country among men of science abi'oad, than has been done by any other man, exccjit, per- haps. Dr. Franklin. " He pub. in 18'i0, while engaged as a supercargo, his well-known " Practical Navigator," still a standard work of great utility and value. Among bis scien- tific labors were numerous and important com- munications to the memoirs of the Amer. Acad., of which he was pres. ; but his fame as a man of science will principally rest on his Commentary on the M^canique Celeste of La Place, of which he made the first entire trans- lation, and which he has elucidated in a man- ner that commands the admiration of scienti- fic men. The elucidations and commentaries of Bowditch formed more than half the work. They record subsequent discoveries, and show the sources whence La Place derived assistance. He coutrib. many valuable papers to "The Memoirs of the Ajner. Acad.," and an article BO^V 110 on Modern Astronomy to vol. 20 " Nortli Am. Review." At his death, he was a memlur i>f the principal scientific socletiea of Ennipc He twice had a seat in the executive coumil of Ms —See Memoir, bi/ Ids son N. I. Boivdilch, 1840. Bowditch, N.tTnANiEL Inger.«oll, con- vevancer, and historical writer, b. Salem. Jan. n', 1805; d. Brookline, Ms., Apr. 16, 1861. H.U. 1822. Eldestson of the eminent math- ematician. He was adm. to the Suffolk har In 1825, hut a few years afterward relinquished practice, and devoted himself to business as a conveyancer. He was noted for accuracy and thoroughness ; and a proof of his industry is found in the 55 folio vols, of land-titles he had written, containing nearly 30,000 pages, and also plans and maps. In Apr. 1835, he m. a dau. of the wealthy Ebenezer Francis, and, having a large income, devoted much of^ it to charitable objects. Under the signature uf " Gleiiner," he contrib. manv articles of lii^tor- ioal interest and value to " the Dn^l.m Tmn- srn'pl. Author of " A History of the M<. ( ieu- eral Hospital," 1851, 3 editions of " Siiftblk Surnames," and " Memoir of N. Bowditeh," 1840, Bowdoin, J.vmes, LL.D. (U. of Edinb. 1785), statesman, h. Boston, Aug. 8, 1727 ; d. Nov. 6, 1790. H.U. 1745. He was of a Huguenot family who landed at Falmouth, Me., in 1687, and in 1690 removed to Boston. On the day succeeding their removal, the in- habitants of Casco Bay were all cut off, and the settlement burnt, by the Indians. The death of his father, Sept. 4, 1747, put him in possession of an ample fortnne. At 24, he had formed an acqunintance with Franklin, who communicated to him his papers on electricity, and with whom he frequently corrcsp. He be- came a member of the Gen. Court in 1753, and senator and councillor in 1756. Prominent in opposing the royal gov. before the Revol., his writings and other services were eminently nscful. Such was his prominence, that Gov. Bernard negatived him as a councillor in 1769, upon which he was at once elected a represen- tative. Chosen delegate to Congress in 1774, he was prevented by illness from attending. Member of the cominittee of corrcsp., pres. of the council of govt , pres. in 1778 of the con- vention for forming a Constitution, and in 1785 and 1786 was gov. of Ms.; member of the convention which adopted the Federal Consti- tution in 1788. During his administration, the " Shays' Rebellion " in the western counties oc- curred ; but it was quickly suppressed by his vigorous and decisive measures. His health was precarious, and his life a long consump- tive disease; but he was always vigorous in public affairs. One of the founders, and first pres., of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences, from 1780 till his death, and bequeathed to it his v.aUiabte library. He aided in founding the Ms. Humane Society, and was a benefactor of Har. Coll., to which he left a handsome legacy. He contrib. 3 pieces to the Pietas et Gratulalis, on the accession of George III., and was the author of a vol. of verses, pub. anonymously in Boston in 1759. Bowdoin, James, diplomatist, only son nf the prorHini, h. Sept. 22, 1752; d. Nan- .hnn M.i.hI, Mv. Oct. II, 1811. H. U. 1771. ;,ri,l nnr ^ rar ill tlie'studv'of law^at the U. of (txlonl. Kctiirniiig to Amcr. in 1775, he suc- cessively filled the offices of representative, member of the Const. Conv. of 1789, senator and councillor, and in May, 1805, proceeded to the court of Madrid as ministcr-plenipo., returning home in Apr. 1808. He was a mu- nificent patron of Bowd. Coll., to which he made a donation of 6.000 acres of land, and more than £1,100. He pub. a translation of Daubenton's "Advice to Shepherds," and, anonymously, " Opinions Respecting the Com- mercial Intercourse between the U.S. and Great Britain." He brought home with liim from Paris an extensive library, philosopliicnl ap- paratus, and a collection of paintings; all of which he left at his death to Bowel. Coll., to- gether with the reversion of tli^' I-land uf Xau- sbiin, wliich had been his luvmitr rr^idcncc, Bowen, Kkancis, autlmr, Ik ( 'liaii.>tMwn, Ms.. opt. honors) 1833, Finai Is : . t,, i ai, ho was in- structor there in in' and politi- cal ccononiv, I^i : . i a visit to Eurojie in 1841, li.' ,-•,'. hin ,1 h iii,rlt'in Cam- and a v.il. of critical ossnvs on speculative phi- loMi|iliy, ill 1S42. He cdi'ted the iV. A. Review Iroin 1843 to IS.'i4, and delivered two courses of Lowell Lectures in 1848-9, on the application of metaphysical and ethical science to the evi- dences of religion, pub. in 1849 and in 1855. In the winter of 1850, he delivered a course of lectures on political economy before the Lowell Institute, and .another, in 1842, on the origin and development of the Eng. and Amcr. Constitutions. In 1853, he succeeded Dr. Walker as Alford Prof of natural religion, moral philos., and civil polity. In 1854, he pub. an abridgment of Stuart's Pbilos., with notes, and in the same year compiled and edit- ed "Documents of the Constitution of Eng. and Amcr., from MasnaCharta to the Federal Constitution of 1789." To Sparks's Biog., he contrib. lives of Phipps, Steuben, Otis, and Gen. Lincoln. He has written much in defence of the doctrines of Locke and Berkeley, and against those of Kant, Fichte, and Cousin. Since the commencement of 1858, he has deli- vered a course of Icmnns bcf. Linvoll liist., on the English metapliy-icans an^l |.liiln.,,|,lR'rs. Bowen, Jons S,, mii-u.n. (' S. A., b. Ga., 1829; d. Ravmuiid, .Mm., .lulv 1.1, Is(;3. West Point, 1853. Kntcrin- tlic imnumd rifles, he resigned. May 1, Is.Mi, ami s, nl.d in St. Louis as an arcliiti;ct. lie was aMj. to Gen. Frost at the time of the c.xpcd. to the border in search of Montgomery, and, when the Rebellion broke out, took com. of the 2d rcgt. of Frost's brigade. He was acting chief of the staff to Gen. Frost at the Camp Jackson affair. Disregarding his parole, he raised at Memphis the 1st Mo. Inf., which was unsur- passed in gallantry, discipline, or drill. He comd. a brigade in Breckeuridge's corps at Shiloh, April 6, 1862, and was severely wound- ei^ He com. at the b.^ttle near^ort Gibson, in May, 1863, stubbornly resisting Gen. Grant's BOY advance. He was in all the subsequent battles around Vicksburg; was prominent in the ne- gotiations for its surrender, and is said to have died of mortification at that event. Bowen, Nathaniel, D.D. (H.U. 1803), Pr.-Hp. bishop of S.C, b. Boston, 1779 ; d. Au-. 25, 1839. S.C. Coll. 1796. He became a tutor in that institution, and, h.-iving com- pleted his theol. studies at Boston, was in 1800 adm. to orders, and became, in Oct. 1802, assist, minister of St. Michael's Church, Charleston, S.C. He was rector of this church in 1808, and of Grace Church, N.Y.,from 1809 to 1818, when he was elected bishop (conse- crated, Oct. 8, 1818), and was a second time rector of the parish of St. Michael's in Charles- ton. Two vols, of his sermons have been Bowen, Oliver, commodore, a Revol. patriot of Augusta, Ga. ; d. Providence, R.I., Aug. 1800, a.'^59. July 10, \77^, he seized a large quantity of powder at Tybee Island, near Savannah. In June, 1778, he was in the unsuccessful exped. against Wilmington. Member Provincial Congress of 177.'), and of the Council of Safety. Bowie, Robert, gov. of Md. in 1803-5 and 1811-12; d. Nottingham, Jan. 8, 1818, a. 67. He was a caiitain in the 2d batt. of the Md. flying camp in 1776. Bow-lec ( " Bi LLY Bowlegs " ), a Seminole chief; d. in the Seminole country, 11 Mar. 1859. He was a terror to the settlers of Florida, and one of the greatest Indian warri- ors of this century, and had been in all the principal battles with the whites for over 30 years. Bowles, Samuel, journalist, b. Springfield, Ms., 1826. Samuel, his father, established there the Republican, of which, since 1844, the son has been the sole conductor, and, by per- severance and industry, has placed it in the first rank of Amer. journals. From 1849 to I860, Dr. J. G. Holland (Timo. Titcomb) was assoc. editor. He spent the summer of 1862 in Europe, and in 1865 joined Speaker Colfax in a tour to the Pacific coast. His letters to the Republican, describing this journey, were pub. as " Across the Continent," 1865. ' " The Switzerl.ind of America" was pub. 1869. Bowles, William Augcstus, self-styled "General" and " Indian agent," b. Frederick Co., Md., 1763; d. Havana, Dec. 23, 1805. The son of an English schoolmaster. At the age of 13, he stole from home, and, joining the Bri- tish army at Phila., soon obtained a commis- sion, but at Pensacola was, for some neglect, dismissed the .service. Afterward entered the service of the Creek Indians, and m. an Indian woman. He instigated many of their excesses, for which he was rewarded by the Britisli. May 9, 1781, when Pensacola surrendered to the Spaniards, Bowles com. the Creek Indians, whom he had brought there to assist the Eng- lish. For this service, he was reinstated in the British army. After the war, he joined a company of players at N. Y. ; played at the Bahamas, where he also painted portraits, thus exhibiting the versatility of his talents. Gov. Dunmore app. him trading-agent for the Creeks ; and he established a house upon the Cliattahooehie, but was driven thence by McGillivray. He then went to England : on his return, his influence with the Indians, who had chosen him com.-in-chief, was so disastrous to the Spaniards, that they oflrered $6,000 for his apprehension. Bowles had assumed to act among the Indians under authority of the British Govt. ; but, on inquiry by the prcs., the ministry promptly and explicitly denied that they had aflFurded him countenance, assistance, or protection. For a long time, Bowles did all in his power to annoy Georgia, and prevent the settlement of her difficulties with the In- dians. He was entrapped in Feb. 1792, sent a prisoner to Madrid, and thence to Manilla, in 1 795. Obtaining leave to go to Europe, he re- paired to the Creeks, and commenced his dep- redations anew, hut, being again betrayed into the hands of the Spaniards in 1804, he was confined in the Moro Castle, where he died. A memoir of him was pub. in London in 1791, in which he is called "Ambassador of the United Nations of Creeks and Cherokecs." Bowman, Samuel, D D., assist. Pr.-Ep. bishop of Pa., consec. at Phila., 25 Aug. 1858 ; d. 3 Aug. 1861. Boyd, John Parker, brig.-gcn. U.S.A., b. Newburyport, Ms., Dee. 21, 1764; d. Bos- ton, Oct. 4, 1830. He entered the militarv service of the U.S., Oct. 20, 1786. We next find him in India, at the head of 3 battalions, of 500 men each, armed and equipped at his own expense, at the service of the highest bid- der, and he at one time com. 10,000 cavalry. He was in the pay of Holkar, in the Pcishwa's service, and afterward in that of Nihnm All Klian._ Arriving in Madras in July, 1789, he was given by the Nizam the command of 1,000 men. Having sold out for want of em- ployment, he went to Paris in I80S, and soon returned to the U.S. App. col. 4th Inf. Oct. 7, 1808, com. a brigade, and was disting. at the battle of Tippecanoe, Nov. 7, 1811. He com. the detachment of 1,500 men, of Wilkinson's army, which fought the battle of Williamsburg, Nov. 11,1813, and led his brigade at the cap- ture of Fort George, U. C. ,-" app. brig.-gen., Aug. 26, 1812; app. naval ofiiccr of the port of Boston, March 4, 1830. He pub. " Documents and Facts relative to Militarv Events during the Late War," 1816. Boyd, Ltnx, a statesman of Tenn., b. Nashville, Nov. 22, 1800; d. Ky , Dec. 18, 1859. His educational advantages were limit- ed. In 1827, he was elected to the legisl. of Tenn., serving 3 sessions, and in 1831 was re-elected. M.C. from 1835 to 1837, from 1839 to 1847, and from 1847 to 1855; and was chairman of the committee on territories in the 31st Congress, during his last term occupy- ing the chair of speaker. He served one term as lieut.-gov. of Ky. Boyden, Seth, inventor, b. Foxborough, Ms., 17 Nov. 1788; d. Middleville, N.J., 31 Mar. 1 870. He engaged in the leather manuf in Newark in 1813, invented a machine for splitting leather, began the manuf of patent leather in 1819, made the first malleable iron in 1826, perfected the first locomotive with the driving-rod outside the wheel, prodnced the first dagucrrotype in America, invented the BOY 112 process of making spelter, discovered the art of maliing Kussian sheet-iron, and patented a hat-body domino-machine used in all the hat nianufs. in the U.S. Boyer, Jean Piekre, pres. of Havti, b. Portau Prince, Feb. 2, 1776; d. Paris, July 9, 1850. His father was a shopkeeper and tailor in Port an Prince, and his mother was a ne- gress, who had been a slave. In 1 792, he joined the revolted blacks, then struggling against the French for their independence. Joining the French commissioners Santhonax and Polve- rel, he witlulrcw with them, after the arrival of the Englisli, to Jacqiiemel, having previ- ously distin).'. hiin-flf in the defence of the fort "of Biroton and in other dangerous enter- prises. Attaching Ijimsolf while here to Ri- gaud, he set out with him for France. He took part, like many other ])ersons of color, in the exped. of Le Clerc against St. Domingo. On the death of Le CIcrc, he joined Petion's party, in whose service he became private sec, pen. of the arrondisseine)iti)f Port au Prince, and was finally named bv him his successor. Upon the ik-ath of Peiion, March -20, 1 818, Boyer was imnicdiatfly inst.dled in hisoffico, andnssumed the fnncuons of govt. On the iireaking-out of the revolution in the north part of the island in 1820, he placed himself at the head of the insurgents ; and, upon Christophe's death, the north and south parts of the island were united into one govt., under his administration, by the name of the " Republic of Hayti." He was vain and weak, and destitute of ability; and by an absurd arrangement with France, to whom he foolishly agreed to pay an indem- nity of 150,000,000 francs in five equal an- nual instalments, — in consideration of which France merely recognized the actual govt, of Hayti, — the agriculture, commerce, and wealth of Hayti, which under his govt, had gradually declined, became totally prostrated. Finally, in 1842, an insurrection took place; Boyer was overthrown, and took refuge in Jamaica until Feb. 1848, when, with his family, he settled in Paris. Boyle, John, jurist, b. Botetourt Co., Va., Oct. 28, 1774; d. Jan. 28, 18.34. His father emigrated to Ky. in 1779. John received a good education ; practised law at Lancaster from 1797 to 1803; was M C. 1803-9; app. gov. of Illinois territory in 1809; judge of the Court of Appeals, April, 1809, to April, 1810; chief-justice, April, 1810, to Nov. 1826; U.S. district judge for Ky., Nov. 8, 1826, to his death. — Collins's Hist. Ky. Boylston,- Nichol.4S, a benefactor of Harv. Coll. ; d Boston, Aug. 18, 1771, a. 55. He was a merchant of singular probity, and at his decease bequeathed to II. U. £1,500 to found a pr.>fcssorship of rhetoric and oratory, in which John Quincy Adams was installed as first pvoC. June 12, 1806- Boylston, Zabdiel, F.R.S., a physician, eminent as the first to inoculate for the small- pox in America, b. Brookline, 1680 ; d. Boston, March 1, 1766. After receiving a good educa- tion, he studied medicine under his father and Dr. John Cutler, and in a few years acquired a reputation and a fortune. He al.^o acquired distinction as a naturalist, sparing no labor nor expense in obtaining rare plants, animals, and insects, many of which, then unknown in Europe, he at diflFerent times transmitted to Eng. Upon the re-appearance of the small- pox in Boston in 1721, Cotton Mather called the attention of the physicians to an account of the practice of inoculation at the East, in a vol. of the Trans, of the Philos. Society. Boyl- ston was so impressed with its utility, that he immedi.ately inoculated his own son and two servants, with complete success. He enlarged his practice, but met with great opposiiic from the p'.iysicians, who were unanimous their opit agan it, from his fellow-citi- md the selectmen of the town, who passed an ordinance prohibiting it. He persevered in the practice, however, encouraged and justi- fied by the clergy ; and, of 286 persons inocu- lated in 1 721 aiid '22, only 6 died. He enjoyed the satisfaction of seeing inoculation in general use in N.E. for some time before it became common in Enu-. In 1725, he visited Eng., and W.1S elected" Fellow of the Royal Socioiy. In addition to his communications to that body, he pub. a paper on inoculation, Boston, 1721, and an hist, account of the sniallpo.x inocula- tion in N. Eng. and London, 1726. Boynton, Edward C, brcv. mnj. U.S.A., b. Vt. Wc.-t Point, I84G. Entering the 2d Art. lie s.rvnl in iho Mcxii-nn war, and was hiTv. Ciipt. 20 Aug. 1847, for Conircras and for Churulju^co, where he was severely wounded. Assist, prof, of cliem., mineral., and geol. at West Point, 1848-55; served against the Seminole Indians in 1855-6, and resigned 16 Feb. 1856. Prof, of chem., niin., and geol., U. of Mpi., 1856-61 ; capt. 11th U. S. Inf. 23 Sept. 1861 ; adj. and quarterm. at West Point to 30 Sept. 1865; brev. m.aj. 13 M.ir. 1865; transf. to 29th Inf. 21 Sept. 1866. Author of " History of West Point and the U. S. Milit. Acad.," 1863 ; " Hist. U. S. Navy." — Ciilhim. Bozman, John Leeds, lawyer, poet, and historian, b. Talbot Co., Md., Aug. 25, 1757 ; d. there Apr. 23, 1823. U. of Pa. 1783. His family was among the earliest settlers in that place. He completed his legal studies at the Middle Temple in London. After considerable ))ractice, having for several years acted as dep. atty.-gen. of the State, he abandoned the law for'literature. His chief work is " The History of Maryland to the Restoration in 1660," pub. in 1836 under the auspices of the General As- sembly of that State. He was a contributor to the Portfolio, and pub. an " Essay upon Colonization in Africa," in 1822. He wrote au " Historical and Philos. Sketch of the Prime Causes of the Revol. War," in which he praised Washington, and condemned Franklin ; but it was suppres.sed. Brace, Charles Loring, clergvmau and author, b. Litchfield, Ct., 1826. Y. C. 1846. After a few months of school-teaching, he studied theology, completing his preparation for the ministry nt the Union Theol. Sem. of N.Y., and has since been a preacher without any settled charge. In 1850, he made a pedes- trian journey in Great Britain and Ireland, also visiting the Rhine, Iklnium. and Paris, an ac- count of which, entitled " Walks and Talks of BR.^ 113 an American Farmer in England," was after- ward puh. In 1851, he was tried as a spy in Hungary, but was soon set at liberty through the efforts of C. J. MeCurdy, charrj^ d'affaires. Returning to the U. S., he became interested in the benevolent labors of. Rev. Mr. Pease among the most degraded class in N. Y., and was subsequently chiefly instrumental in the formation of the Children's Aid Society, of which he is sec. and principal agent. In"l8.i2, he pub. " Hungary in 1851," " Home Life in Germany, 1853; "in 1857, " Norsefolk," a description of the religious, social, and political condition of Sweden and Norway ; " Races of the Old World," 1863; "Tlie'New West," 1869, and" Short Sermons for Newsboys." Bracken, Rev. Jons, minister, and prof, of humanities (1773-1818), and pres. of Wm. and Mary Coll. in 1S13 ; d. Williamsburg, Va., 15 July, 1S18. Brackenridge, Henry M., jurist and diplomatist, son of Hugh Henry, b. Pittsburg, Pa., May 11, 17S6; d. there 18 Jan. 1871. At the age of 20, being adm. to the bar, he began practice in Somerset, Md. He descended the Mpi. in 1811, and soon received the app. of de,>. atty.-gen. for the Territory of Orleans, af- terwards Louisiana. Made dist. judge at 23. During the War of 1812, he furnished impor- tant information to the govt., and afterwards wrote a history of the war, which was translated into French and Italian. He joined with Clay in advocating the acknowledgment of the inde- pendence of the South Amer. republics. Be- sides other productions, his pamphlet, under the signature of an "American," addressed to Pres. Monroe, was repub. in Eng. and France, and, being supposed to express the views of the Amer. Govt., was replied to by the Duke of San Carlos, the Spanish minister. He was one of the commissioners to the South Amer. republics in 1817-19, and, on his return, pub. his " Voy- age to South Amer." In 1821, he went to Fla. with Gen. Jackson, aided him in forming his government; was made alcadle of Pensa- cola, and in May was app. judge of the western district, in which office he remained 10 years. Removing to Pittsburg in 18-33, he became an active politician, and in 1841 was named acom- missioner under the treaty with Mexico. His political writings were numerous. Ho pub. an account of Louisiana in 1812, and, in 18-34, the first vol. of his " Recollections of Persons and Places in the West." In 1347, he pub. a series of letters in favor of the Mexican war. His eulogy on Jefferson and Adams, delivered at Pensacola in Aug. 1826, was highly praised by Wirt. In 1859, he pub. a " History of the Western Insurrection, in vindication of his father. Author also of a " Journal of a Voy- age up the Missouri River," Pittsburg, 1314. — Dwjckinck. Brackenridge, Hugh Hexrt, author and judge, b. near Campbclton. ScotlanI, 1748 ; d. Carlisle, Pa., June 25, 1816. N. J Coll. 1771. At the age of 5, he came with his f.ither to Pa., and supported himself, while ac- quiring his education, by farming and teach- ing. He became a tutor at Princeton ; was master of an acad. in Md., when the Revol. war broke out ; removed to Phil ho was a conspicuous writer and speaker, and, having studied divinity, became a chaplain in the army. Relinquishing the pulpit for the bar, he edited for a time the U. 6. Ufa^mine at Phila. In 1781, he settled at Pittsburg, soon rose to the head of the harof that section ; was sent in 1786 to the Icgisl. to obtain the establishment of the county of Alleghany; was made a judge in 1789 ; and, from 1799"till his death, was judge of the State Supreme Court. The part he took in the " Whiskey Insurrec- tion" made him prominent. He appeared to side with the insurgents in order to keep them within the limit-i of reason and law, and even- tually to reconcile them, without bloodshed, to the govt. He vindicated his course in his " In- cidents of the Insurrection in Western Pa. in 1794," 8vo, Phila., 1795. Brackenridge de- serves to be better known through his writings. He had wit, humor, and sound judgment. His ^ judicial decisions were celebrated for their in- _^ /> cj J!^ tegrity and independence. In politics, he was a lA --^^ f^ ^.'^ supporter of Jefferson. He pub. a poem on the ^(^/Ja. yfe<*-^ " Rising Glory of America," 1774; " Eulogiura i.c.-ff .if^fit of the Brave who fell in i he Contest with Great J'' f^^*^ Britain, delivered at Phila., 4 July, 1779 ; "(j//^^,.,,/-;*. y "Modern Chivalry, or the Adventures of,f f^tl 'J /? 17 >* Cupt. Farrago," 1796, an admirable satire,-^ J"^*^ A.-/->». " Oration, July 4, 1793 ; " " Gazette Publica- c^j^U. ^ tions Collected," 1806. J- Brackett, Albert G., brev. col. U.S.A., r^ il . b. N.Y. l.st lieut. 4th Indiana Vols., June, r' "' 1847, and at the battle of Hnamatlan, siege of '-';■■ Puebla and Atlixco, in Mexico ; capt. 2rt U.S. Jk^ cav, Mar. 1855; disting. in actions with Ca- ,, manche Indians ; com. cavalry at Bull Run, Va. ; col. 9th III. cav., Aug. 18'61 ; engaged at Waddell's Farm and Cache' Bayou, and wound- ed at Stewart's Plantation ; ra'aj. 1st U.S. cav., July, 1S62; com. cav. brigade W. Tenn. ; en- gaged in the attack on Jlemphis and Charles- ton R.R. ; asst. insp.-gen. of cav., dept. of Cumberland, 1864 ; engaged at the siege of and battles in front of Atlanta, Ga., and battle of Nashville, Tenn. ; lieut.-col. 2d U.S. cav., June, 1 868 ; brev. maj. for Arkansas cimpaign ; brev. lieut.-col. for Atlanta campaign ; brev. col. for gallant and merit, services in the war. Author of " Gen. Lane's Brigade in Central Mexico," 1848 ; " Hist. U.S. Cavalry," 1865. — HeHnj. Brackett, Anthout, a soldier, and early settler at Caseo.now Portland, Me.; killed by Iii- dians,Sept.2I.1689. Sonof Anthony of Green- land, N.H. He was at Casco as early as 1662, and had a farm of 400 acres. Captured by the Indians, Aug. 11, 1676, he escaped in Nov., re- turned to Casco after the peace, April 12, 1678; received the com. of Fort Loyall in 1682, and in 1688 held the com. of the three forts erected by Andros. His second wife, m. in 1679, was S"usann,ih Drake of Hampton. Brackett, Edwin E., sculptor, b. Vassalbo- rough, .Me., Oct. 1, 1819. Began modelling in 1833, and has made many portrait busts, among them Harri-on, Allston, R. H. Dana, sen., W. C. Bryant, Longfellow, Choate, Sumner, John Brown, Garrison, Wendell Phillips, aYid Gen. Butler. His group of " The Shipwrecked Mother," is at Mount Auburn. His brother, Walter M., b. Unity, Me., 14 June, 1823, has 114 BRA. made the paii veil specialty, and - Tuchnnan. Braekett, Josiha, M.I)., pinsidan, b. Gm-nland, N.H., 5 May 173.'i ; d. July 17,1802. II. U. 1752. He studied tlieology, and became a preacher, hut afievwanls ntudied medicine, and c.^tahii^lied himself at Portsmouth, N,H. He beiincathcd SI, 500 towards the professorship of natural history in Harv. Coll. He was also a founder and henefactorof theN.H. Med- ical Society, of which he was prcs. from 1793 to 1799. His wife, Hannah Whipple of Kit- tery, d. Apr. 23, 1805, a. 70, bequeathin'; also to that society $500. Dr. Braekett was a zeal- ous patriot, a member of the committee of safety, and, during the Revol., was app. judge of the Maritime Court of N.H. — Thachtr. Bradbury, Theofhilus, jurist, b New- burv, Ms., Nov. 13, 1739 ; d. there Sept. 6, 1803. H.U. 1757. A descendant of Thomas of Salisbury. After keeping the grammar school at Falmouth, Me., he practised law there from May, 1761, until 1779, and afterward in his native town, with success; filled several local offices ; was a representative and senator in the Ms. legisl.; M. C. 1795-7, and was (1797-1803) a judge of the Supreme Court of Ms. Member of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. Bradbury, Thomas of Salisbury, d. there Mar. 16, 1695; b. pr. Wicken, Eng.,"l610. He was in N.E. in 1634 ; was made freeman. May 13, 1640 ; became first clerk of the writs at Salisbury, Dec. 10, 1641 ; was clerk of Norfolk Co. from Apr. 24, 1649, to Feb. 4, 16S0; several years dep. to the Gen. Court; was frequently a commissioner to settle boundary disputes; was capt. of a military co., and an asso. judge for Norfolk Co., 1659 and 1675-7. Bradbury, Willia.m B., music-tcaeher and composer, b. York, Me., 1816 ; d. Mont- clair, N.J., Jan. 7, 1868. From his parents, both of whom were excellent singers, he inher- ited his musical taste, and, before he was 14, had mastered every instrument that came in his way. In 1830, he moved to Boston, where he was an organist, and in 1836 began teach- ing in New York, where he attained notoriety and popularity by his concerts. In 1847, he went to Leipsie, where he received instruction from the best masters. In 1854, he began in New York the manufacture of pianos, in which he was very successful. He was the author of " The Golden Chain," " Golden Shower," " Golden Censer," and " Fresh Laurels." He did much to elevate the standard of musical taste in the U.S. With the aid of the com- poser Hastings, he produced " The Shawm," " The Jubilee," " The Key Note," and " The Temple Choir," all of which were deservedly popular. Braddock, Edward, a British gen., d. July 13, 1755. Son of Maj.-Gen. B. He en- tered the army as ensign in the Coldstream Guards, Oct. 11, 1710; fought aduel with Col. Waller, with sword and pistol. May 26, 1718; became a capt. Feb. 10, 1736, served in Flan- ders ; became second major of his regt. in 1743; was present at Fontenoy, May 11, 1745 ; was made lieut.-col. Nov. 21, 1745, brig.-gen. Apr. 23, 1746 ; served again in Flanders in 1747-8; col. 14th Foot, 1753; maj.-gen. March, 1754, and, Sept. 24, com.-in-chief of his Majesty's forces in America. He sailed from Eng. Dec. 21, 1754. He arrived in Va. in Feb. 1755, and conducted in person an exped. against Fort Du- quesnc, nowPitt^urg. The delays occasioned by the necessity of opening new roads deter- mined him to advance with 1,200 men, leaving the heavy baggage m the rear. He reached the Monongahela, July 8, and on the following morning, expecting to invest the fort that day, made the necessary dispositions. Despising his foes, with whose wily tactics lie was wholly unacquainted, he di.,■. and to vari- ous periodicals and ncw^jiaprr^ ; .iiiil has been recording and corrc-]...n liir.- - r. ..f the N. E. Hist, and Gen, Soc, and is a number of many other historical and liter.iry societies. Bradley, Stephen liow, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1805). statesman, b. Wallingford, Ct., Oct. 20, 1754; d. Walpole, N. H., Dec. 16, 1830. Y. C. 1775. He studied law under Judge Reeve, and was adm. to practise in May, 1779. Hecom. a companycalled the Cheshire Vols, early in the Revol. war, and was the aide of Gen, Wooster when that officer fell at Danhurv. Removing to Vt, in 1779, ho was a friend of Ethan Allen ; pub. " Vermont's Ap- peal," 1779; was active iu organizing the State, and was its senator in Congress in 1791-5 and 1801-13, He was a man of eminent ability, but of eccentric habits. Bradley, William Czar, LL.D. (Vt. U. 1851), lawver, son of S. R., b. Westminster, Vt,, Mar. '23, 1782; d there Mar. 3, 1S67. Y, C. 1817. Adin, to the bar in 1802; State attv. for Winilliam Co,, 1804-11 ; member of thelegisl. 1806-7 and 18,30, and of the coun- cil, 1812; U. C. 1813-15, 1S17-22, 1823-7; agent of the U.S. under the treaty of Ghent, and memberid' the State Const. C'onv. in 1857. Bradley, vvulliam H , M. D., poet, b. Hartford, Ct., July 24, 1802; d. Cuba, 1825. Educated a physician. He pub. " Giuseppiuo," 1822, and many fugitive ])ieces. Son of Dr. Wra. Bradley, afterward a resident of Phila. Bradstreet, Anne, jjoit, b. Northampton, Eug., 1612; d, Sept. 16, 1672. She was the dau. of Gov. Thomas Dudley, and m. Simon Bradstreet, afterwards gov. of Ms., with whom she came to N. E. in 1630. Her porms, dedi- cated in verse to her father, and entitled " The Tenth Muse bit-U- -;>rnnL' m]. in Amer., or Sev- eral Poems e. :: ' ! " .1. I ;i, It \';lll,-tyof Wit and Lear , >; \> : : ii.'wre pub. at London, IGm ■ m .:ii|ilete edition, ])iib. at Boston iu IbT.i (.ilier ii.r deaiii), contains her best piece, entitled " Conicmplations." A reprint of this apiicarcd in 1758, Her works, including poetry and |irose, were pub. at Charlestown in 1867, edited by John Harvard Ellis. Bradstreet, John, maj.-gen., b. 1711 ; d. N.Y. City, 25 Sept, 1774, lii the exped. against Louisburg in 1745, he was lieut.-col, of Pep- perell's (York, Me.) regt., and eontrib. lai-^ ly to its success by his zeal, activity, and judg- ment, and by " iiis particular knowledge m die circumstances of this place." Jlade a capt. in a regular regt., called Pepperell's, 5 Sept. 1745, and app., 16 Sept. 1746, to the sinecure place of lieut.-gov. of St. John's, Newfoundland. Ordered by Bniddock to Osweno in 1755, and made adj.-gen. to Gov. Shirley. In 1756, he was again ordered to conduct supplies to Os- wego, and on his return, July 3, was attacked by a strong party of the enemy, which he de- feated ; app. to a company in the 60th (Roy. Amer.) regt. in Mar. 1757, and, 27 Dec., was BRA. 117 BRA. made lieut.-col. and dcp. Q.M. gen In 1758, he took part in the unsuccessful attack on Ticonderoga ; was made Q.M. gen., rank of col., in Amer., 20 An;;., and, 97 An;:'., (viptnrcd was pub. in London in IT'ii 11 ■ ihc.mhi., Anilierst in his cxpod. jL;:iiii-t '1 iiinnkri'L;-! and Crown Point; was made cul. in I'Vli 17Gi, maj.-gen. 25 May, 1772. In 176+. he com. an exped. against tlie Western Indians, with whom he negotiated a peace at Detroit, Sept. 7. He had two daughter-. Mirtlia and Aga- tha, by his wife Marv, ^vlln hn I In- lirr first husb. (Maj. John BradMn , , i. ; i,/,,!! ih, who became the wife of Pcttr i.iiins, ami Samuel, maj. 40th Foot. Bradstreet, Simon, gov. of Ms., b. Hor- hling, Lincolnshire, Eng., March, 1603; d. Salem, Ms., March 27, 1B97. His father. Rev. Simon Bradstreet, was a ntinconformist minis- ter. Bred in rln; rrhi;h,us Ijinily of the Earl of Lincoln, aftei >Melyiiu "iie year at Eman- uel Coll., Canilirid^ ■, lie became steward to the Countess of Warwick. Having m. Anne, dan. of Tliomas Dudley, he was persuaded to engage in the settlement of Ms., was chosen assist.-judge of aconrt about to be established there, and arrived in Salem in the summer of 1630. He took part in the proceedings of the first court held in Charlestown, Aug! 23; be- came agent and sec. of Ms., and commissioner of the United Colonies. In 1631, he was among the (bunders of Cambridge. He was among the first settlers of Andover, and resid- ed also at Ipswich, Salem, and Boston. In 1653, he, with his colleagues, vigorously and successfully opposed making war on the Dutch in N.Y., and on the Indians ; though it was strongly urged by all the commissioners of the other Colonies. In 1662. he was sent to Eng. to congratulate Charles II. on his restoration, and to act as agent for the Colony. He was assistant from 1630 to 1679.; gov. from 1679 to 1686, when the charter was annulled. He strenuously opposed the arbitrary measures of Andros, and alter his overthrow in May, 1689, was again gov. until May, 1692, when, at the a. of 89, he became first councill. He was in service in the govt. 62 years, except during the brief administrations o'f Dudley and Andros. He was a popular magistrate ; a man of great aael' le ■■ : 'a.i ..iiimsed to > lie- the Nestorof N.E. He a.lM i : u ler of the charter of Ms. to ( iinl., Il.winlv dis- trusting the ability of the Cnionists to resist. Bradstreet, Simos, minister of Charles- town, Ms., Irom 26 Oct. 1698 to his d., 31 Dec. I74I ; b. New London, Ct., 7 Mar. 1671. H.U. 1693. Son of Rev. Simon of N. L., (1638-83), and grandson of Gov. Simon. He ranked high as a preacher and a scholar. His son SiMox, minister of the second Cong. Church, Marblchead, and a disting. linguist, d. Marblchead, 5 Oct. 1771, a. 62. Ord. 4 Jan. 1738. H.U. 1728. Brady, Hugh, maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. North- umberland Co., Pa., in July, 1768; d. Detroit, April 15,1851. He was a bro. or nephew of Capt. Samuel Brady, a celebrated Indian scout and fighter, b. Shippensburg, 1758. Ensign, March 7, 1792, and served in Wayne's Indian campaign. He left the service, but re-entered it in 1808; Jnlv 6, 1812, was app. col. 22d rcL-t. ; enl 5,1 Tnf, I'ilfi ; brevet brig.-gcn. July -.\ii_ .1,1, .iini ,\,,- niiuiele.l in tlie two latter cu-.iyeuieiit,,. .Sialieiiicd at Detroit during the patriot disturbances in Canada, he contrib. greatly to the preservation of peace on the here April 9, 1815; d. 'Feb. 9, 1869. His father, Tlios. S. Bnidv, a to which he was iidm. in IS'i.'i, and wlieie he early attained reputation. His i;,rie wa- ( linii- nal cases, in nearly all of wliieh l.n ;:(i yars he was engaged; and he won cspeend ili-iinetam in the celebrated Forrest divorce case, and by his defence of Daniel K. Sickles in 1859. A State-rights man and a Democ. before the Re- bellion, when that crisis came, he was a zealous supporter of Mr. Lincoln's administration, but woidd never take any political office, though often urged to do so. During the civil w.ar, he made many s|.ceches on national questions. Neat ilh ,e., .if I lie war, he was one of a com- nii. ' into the administration of t.li' ! ' iiiif. inidcr Gens. Butler and IJaiik- II.' HI- an amiable and social man, of much literary culture and taste, and had been a contrib. to the old Knlckerhodcer Mcuj- azine. One of the best of his pieces, "A Christ- mas Dream," was put in a vol. as an illustrated holiday present. Bragg, Braxton, gen. C.S.A , h. Warren Co., N.Cab. 1815. West Point, 1837. Enter- ing the 3d Art., he served against the Semi- nole Indians, 1839-43; brcv. capt. for gal. conduct in defence of Fort Brown, May 9, 1846 ; capt. 8 Jime, 1846 ; brev. major for gal- lantry at Monterey, Jlex., Sept. 23, is46 ; brev. lieut.-col. tor Buena \i i.i, I rli i'.;, 1S47; maj. 1st cav., March ■■>, I I Jan. 3, 1856, and lived on In- ■ mtation at Thibodeaux, La., uni: ! ,i Made a brig.-gen. in the Souih i I neb, 1861, and took com. of the i i ; i nola des- tined to reduce Fort r 1 , 11.. 1862, he was made maj.-giML, iini oi.in, ,] mjoin the army of the Mpi. He bure an important part in the battle of Shiloh, where he com. the 2d corps. ; was promoted to gen. in place of Gen. A. S. Johnston, killed in that battle, and in May succeeded Beauregard in com. of that dept. In Aug., he left Chattanooga, success- fully turned Buell's left flank, and, passing through East Tenn., entered Ky. at the head of a large army. Buell leaving his posts in Ala , marching on a much shorter line, reached Louisville before him, and compelled Bragg to retire after the battle of Perryville, Oct. 9, with the force nnder Gen. McCook. He carried away a vast amount of supplies and a large number of recruits from Ky. He was removed from his com., and placed under arrest in Rich- mond, but was soon restored, and took com. of the army opposed to Rosecrans, Nov. 1862. At the battle of Murfreesboro', Dec. 31, 1862, alter a partial success, he was forced to retire. 118 BRA. Sept. 19, 1863, he defeated Rosecrans atChiek- amauga; Nov. 25, 1863, he was decisively de- feated' by Gen. Grant at Mission. Ridge. Re- lieved from com. ah. 2 Dec. 1863. He led a small force fiom N.C. to Ga. in the autumn of 1864. Bragg, Thomas, politician, b. Warrenton, N.C, Nov. 9, 1810. Chiefly educated at the Middletown, Ct., Milit. Aead. ; began to prac- tise law in 1831 ; member of the N.C. Assem- bly, 1842 ; gov. of N.C. 1855-9 ; U.S. senator 1859 to July, 1861, when he was expelled, hav- ing previously taken part in the Rebellion. — Lanman. Brainerd, David, missionary to the Indi- ans, b. Haddam, Ot., April 20, 1718; d. North- ampton, Oct. 9, 1747. He was remarkable at an early age for a serious turn of mind. He entered' Y. Coll. in 1739, and was disting. for application and general correctness of con- duct, but was expelled in 1742 for some trivial offence. Licensed to preach in July, 1742. His strong desire to preach the gospel among the heathens was at length gratified by an app. from the Society for Propagating Chris- tian Knowledge, as missionary to the Indians. In 1743, he commenced his labors at Kauna- muk, an Indian village situated between Stock- bridge and Albany. On the removal of the Kaunamuks the next year to Stockbridge, he turned his attention to the Delaware Indians. Ord. in June, 1744, by the presbytery at New- ark, N.J., he took up his habitation near the forks of the Delaware, in Pa., where he resided for a year, and made two visits to the Indians on the Susquehanna River. His exertions, however, were unattended with much success, until he went to the Indians at Crosweeksung in N.J. A complete reformation in the lives of the savages took place within a year, and nearly 100 were baptized. In 1747, he went to Northampton, Ms., and passed tliere, in the family of the celebrated Jonathan Edwards, the residue of his days, Brainerd was a man of vigorous intellect and quick discernment. Gift- ed with a powerful eloquence, a strong memo- ry, and with an intimate knowledge of human nature, he was eminently qualiKed for the business of instruction. His biography was written by Pres. Edwards. A new edition, to- gether with his journals, " Mirabilia Dei apud Indicos," and " Grace Displayed," was pub. in 1822. John, his brother, also a missionary, b. Haddam, Ct.,28 Feb. 1720; d. Deerfield, Ms., March21, 1781. Y.C. 1746. He succeeded to his brother's mission in 1748 ; resided in New- ark, N.J., in 1755 ; was some time at Mt. Holly, and officiated to churches around Egg Harbor, in 1760-77, but went to Deerfield in 1777. — See Life of, by Rev. Thomas Brainerd, 186.i. Brainerd, John Gardiner Calkins, poet, b. New London, Ct., Oct. 21, 1796; d. there Sept. 26, 1828. Y.C. 1815. He was the son of Judge Jeremiah G., who d. Jan. 7, 1830, a. 69. Educated for the bar, inadequate success in that vocation led him to assume in 1822 the editorial charge of the Ct. Mirror at Hartford ; but the ravages of consumption obliged him, about n year before his death, to return to New London. A vol. of his poems was pub. in N.Y., 1825; an enlarged cd. in 1832, entitled "Literary Remains," and a 3d ed. (Hartford, I84-J) edited by J. G. Whittier. Brainerd, Thomas, D.D., Presb. clcrgv- man, h. Central N.Y., June 17, 1804 ; d. Scraii- ton. Pa., Aug. 22, 1866. Ord. Oct. 7, 1831. Descended from Daniel Brainerd the Puritan. He at first studied law, but soon entered the And. Theol. Sem.. sruilnd aft.rward under Dr. Patterson of Tl. :.i :mJ iv,,„,v,-d to Cin- cinnati, where he ;i ,1' I ,1.111 Beccher; edited the C/imJ/d,, ;.' ,' ',u. Journal, and Youths' Mai/tizi..., l;.jj-b, .mJ Assisted on the Preshi/teriwi Qaartedij Rtvicw. From 1837 to his death, he had charge of the Old Pine- street Church, Phila. Author of " The Life of John Brainerd." — 5ee Memoir, by M. Brai- nerd, 8vo, Phila. Branch, John, sec. of the U. S. N., b. Halifax, N.C., Nov. 4,1782 ; d. Edgefield, N.C, Jan. 4, 1863. U.of N.C. 1801. Hestudiedand practised law ; became a judge of the Superior Court ; was a member of the State senate from 1811 to 1817; gov. of the State in 1817-20; again a State senator in 1822; a U.S. senator from 1823 to 1829; sec. of the navv under Pres. Jackson from 1829 to 1831 ; M.C. 1831- 3; again a State senator in 1834; in 1835, a member of the State Con.st Conv.; and, in 1854-5, gov. of Fhi. 'I'nr — /jr:,„a„. Branch, Lawui.n. i: nnuiEX, gen. C.S.A., b. Halifax Co., N.C, iii IS-JO ; killed in battle at Antietam, Sept. 17, 18G2. N.J. Coll. 1838. Son of the preceding. He stud- ied law, settled at Raleigh, and was M C from 1855 to 1861, supporting the measures of the Democ. party. Alter the secession of N.C, May 21, he entered its military service, and was made brig.-gen. in Nov. 1861. He com. at Newbern when it was captured by Gen. Burnside, and subsequently took part in sev- eral of the battles in that State and on the pe- ninsula. Brandt, Joseph (Thatandanega), a Mohawk chief, b. ah. 1742; d. at his seat at the head of Lake Ontario, U.C, 24 Nov. 1807. He is said to have taken an active part in the Niagara campaign of 1759, under Sir Wm. Johnson, who, in 1761, sent him to Dr. Wlice- loek's Indian school at Hanover, where he translated portions of the New Testament into the Mohawk language In 1763, he was in the war against Pontine. He was, at the breaking-out of the Revol. war, sec. to Guy Johnson, superintendent of the Indians, whom he excited to take arms against the Colonists. Returning from a visit to Eng. in 1775-6, he was employed by the British in predatory ex- cursions against the Colonists in connection with the savage Tory refugee, Col. John Butler; served under St. Legcr at the investment of Fort Stanwix ; was a leader in the severe battle of Oriskany, 6 Aug. 1777, and, though not present at the Wyoming Massacre, was in that at Cherry Valley, and in July, 1779, led the band that destroyed Minisink, and defeated the party of Col. Tusten. He held a col's, com- mission from the king, and, after the war, pre- vailed on the various tribes to make a perma- nent treaty of peace. In 1 786, he again visit- ed Eng., where he was received with distinc- tion, and collected funds for the erection of SRA. BRE the first church built in Upper Canada, and was afterward employed by (jov. Carleton in tlie public service. He opposed the lonfederation of the Indians, which led to the uxped. of Wayne in 1793, and did his utmost to preserve peace between the Indians and the U.S. He translated the Gospel of St. Mark into the Mohawk languaije, and did much for the wel- fare of his people. His soa John, an officer in the British service in the War of 1SI2, d. Biantfjrd in Sept. 1832, a. 36. A dau. m. \Y. J. Krr of Niagara in 1824. — A'ee Life of Bran It, h^ IK. L. Stotie. Brannan, John Milto;!, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. ]).C.,ab. 1820. West Point, 1841. Entering the 1st Art., he became 1st lieut. Mar. 3, 1847 ; disting. himself at Cerro Gordo ; won the brev. of capt. for gallantry at Con- ireras and Churubusco ; was severely wounded at the Belen Gate of Mexico, Sept. 13, 1847 ; capt. 1st. Art. Nov. 4, 1834; and brig.-gen. Vols. Sept. 28, 1861, and served in the dep. of the South, having for a time com. of South- ern Florida. Transferred to S.C, he com., Oct. 22, 1862, a reconnoissance from Hilton Head to the Broad River and its tributaries, and had an engagement with a Confed. Ibrce, which he drove across the Focotaligo River, with severe loss on both sides. He com. a division in McCook's corps at Chickamauga, 20 Sept. 1863; was chief of art. dcpt., Cumberland, 1863-5; brev. col. for Chickamauga; maj. 1st Art. Aug. 1, 1863; in the battle of Mission- ary Ridge, Nov. 23-25, 1863; in the battles and operations ending in the capture of At- lanta, 2 Sept. 1864, for which brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865; and brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. for merit, services in the field during the Rebellion. — Culium. Branuan, Willlim Penn, artist and poet of Cincinnati, b. 22 Mar. 1825 ; d. there 9 Aug. 1866. Autlior of the " Harp of a Thousand Strings;" wrote under the pseudo- nyme of " Vandyke Brown," and produced some paintings of decided merit. — See Poets and Poetri/ of the West. Brattlej William, F.R.S., lawyer, preach- er, physician, soldier, and legislator, b. Cam- bridge, iMs., ab. 1702; d. Halifax, N S., Oct. 1776. H.U. 1722. Son of Wm., minister of Cambrid-e (b 22 Nov. 1662; d. 15 Feb. 1717. H.U. 1680. C3rd. 25 Mar. 1696). Author of a compendium of logic. The son was long a member of the legisl. and of the council ; practised physic extensively ; was capt. of the Art. Co., 1733, and a maj.-gen. of militia; a benefactor of H. U. ; member of the Stamp Act Congress in 1765; and, being a loyalist, loft Boston with the British troops in Mar. 1776. Bravo (bra'vo), Nicolas, a Mexican gen., b. Chilpanzingo, ab. 1792; d. there Apr. 22, 1854. Leonardo his father, a patriot, b. near San Luis Potosi, 1766; d. of prison-fever, in the hands of the Spaniards in the ciiy of Mexico in 1812. Attached to the party of in- dependence from the outset, he placed himself, after the death of Hidalgo in 1812, under Morelos, and contrib. powerfully to the suc- cess of the Republican cause by his victory over the Spanish gen. Mnsitu. lu 1817, he was taken by the viceroy Apodaca, spared his life only at the urgent soli( ' of many prominent royalists. He ' at the general amnesty, March, 1820. He op- posed Iturbide in 1 822 ; and the provisional govt, which succeeded was confided in 1823 to Bra- vo, Vittoria, and Negretie. Feb. 2, 1824, Vit- toria obtained the presidency, and Bravo the vice-presilency ; Dee. 23, 1827, he put him- self at the head of a Revol. movement, but was ea.sily defeated by Gen. Guerrero ; Bravo and other officers who were taken, after passing 5 months in prison, being banished to Guate- mala. Recalled in 1829 by the overthrow of Guerrero, he was sent against him, and ob- tained his revenge on that chieftain, whom he took with arms in his hands, and who was shot Feb. 14, 1831. At the close of 1833, Bravo was again at the head of a small body of insurgents, and was beaten in the year fol- lowing by Vittoria. In July, 1839, as pres. of the council, he was charged with the supreme administration of the govt, during an inter- im of a week, and again, from Oct. 26, 1842, till March, 1843, during Santa Aiia's absence as dictator at the head of the army, and for the last time from July 29 to Aug. 4, 1846, when he was deposed by a Revol. During the war with the U.S., he took part in the battle of Cerro Gordo. Bravo was one of the most upright, honorable, and disting. men Mexico has produced. — N. B. G. Braxton, Carter, signer of the Decla- ration of Independence, b. Newington, Va., Sept. 10, 1736; d. Oct. 10, 1797. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1756. His father was a wealthy planter, and his mother the dau. of Robert Carter, at one time pres. of the council. In 1760, he returned from a residence of some years in Eng., and in 1765 disting. himself in the Va. li. of burgesses, in support of Pat- rick Henry's celebrated Stamp Act resolu- tions, and in the subsequent assemblies which were dissolved by the gov. He was a member of the Va. convention of 1769, and of that of Williamsburg in 1774; was an active mem- ber of the last house of burgesses convened under royal authority in Va., and was a mem- ber of the. committee to whom was referred the difficulty between it and Gov. Dunmore. In 1775, he was a member of the convention which met at Richmond to devise measures for the public good, and was, Dec. 15, app. successor to Peyton Randolph in Congress. He did not remain long in that body, but served in the Va. legisl. till 1786 ; from 1786 to 1791 was a member of the State council, and also from 1794 to 1797. He inherited several planta- tions ; but the close of his life was imbittered by pecuniary embarrassment, and the entire wreck of his fortune. He was a man of talent, of sound judgment, and remarkable prudence and forethought. In 1776, he pub. at Phila. " An Address to the Convention of Va. on the Subject of Govt." Brearly, David, jurist; d. Trenton, N.J., 16 Aug. 1790, a. 44. Lieut-col. in the Revol. army, and a cool and brave officer. Member of the State and Federal Const. Convs., and 9 years chief-justice of N.J. — Alden's Epitaphs. Breathitt, John, gov. Ky., 1832^, b. near ^■^O-. /•» NVw Loiulon, Va., Sept. 9, 1786; il. Frank- fort, Ky., Feb. 21, 1834. His father settletl in Logan Co. in 1800. John was a surveyor and school-teacher, and, acquiring some prop- erty, studied law ; adin. to the bar in Feb. isio ; was several years thereafter in the iegisl.; was lieut-gov. in 1828-32. He was a warm supporter of Jaclison for the Presidency. — Cullins's Hist, of Ky. Bl-ebeuf, JKAN de (1593-1G49), was one of the c':uii(.--t missionaries sent to Canada, whither, in 1025, he accompanied Champlain, and esial.li>h«l liim,elf amon;,- the Hurons. Uiirin;; a residence among them of 3 years, ho acquired their language, gained tlieir confi- dence, and exercised a paternal influence ovei them. He fell a victim to the implacable hatred which existed betweevi the Hurons and Iroquois. In 16+9, in a combat where the Hurons, unexpectedly attacked, had the disad- vantage, Brebeuf fell into the hands of the Iroquois, who put him t^i di aili wiih ilir hi'.'lit- ful torments which they ii-uail> inllnr mi ilir.r prisoners of war. Atthccndul Ins" \'m\. !-■■." Champlain has printed the " ratu.lunin innjiiit dans la Lanrjue cles Hurons," by father Brebeuf. This is the first known specimen of the idiom of the savages of Canada, Paris, 1652. Breek, Daxiel, LL.D., jurist, son of Kev. Daniel (1748-1845), b. Topsfield, Ms., Feb. 12, 17SS. D.C. 1812. He studied law, and re- moving to Richmond, Ky., in 1814, commenced practice there. Judge of a county court ; from 1824 to 1829, he was a member of the State legisl. ; from 1835 to 1843, he was pres. of the branch bank of Ky. at Richmond ; in 1843, he was app. judge of the Supreme Court of Ky., and was M.C. from 1849 to 1851. LL. D. of Transyl. U. in 1843. — Z-ok/huh. Breek, Robebt, minister of Springfield, Ms., from July 26, 1736, to his d., Apr. 23, 1784, b. July 25, 1713. H.U. 1730. SonofRobert, minister of Marlborough, 1704-31. His settle- ment gave rise to much controversy as to his religious views. He was a man of great learn- ing, and a close reasoner. He pub. a century sermon on the burning of the town by the In- dians, Oct. 16, 1675. — Sprofjue. Breek, Samdel, son of Kev. Daniel, b. Boston, 17 July, 1771 ; d. Phila., 1 Sept. 1862. At the Roy. Milit. Coll. of Loreze in 1783-7. His family moved to Pa. in 1792. He was many years in the Pa. legisl. and in the Phila. city govt. ; M.C. 1823-5 ; member of the Pa. Hist. Soc. He pub. historical sketch of Con- tinental paper-money, 1843, and some histori- cal addresses. Breekinridge, Gen. James, lawyer and politician, b. near Fincastle, Botetourt Co., Va., March 7, 1763 ; d. there Aug. 1846. W. and M. Coll. 1785. He was a Revol. soldier, serving in Col. Preston's rifle regt., under Greene, in 1781 ; was adm. to the bar in 1787, and became a successful lawyer; a prominent leader of the old Federal party in the gen. as- sembly of the State, and M.C. 1809-17. He was an active and efficient friend of that great improvement by which Va. proposed to con- nect the waters of the Chesapeake with those of the Ohio, and a zealous co-laborer with Mr. Jetferson in founding the U. of Va. Breekinridge, John, U S. atty.-gen. in 1805, author and advocate of the celebrated " Resolutions of 1798-9 " in the Va. legifl., b. Va. 1760; d. Lexington, Ky., Dec. 17, 1806. Emigrating to Ky., he was chosen U.S. sen- ator m 1801, and introduced, in 1802, a resolu- tion for the repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801, establishing several new tribunals. In the de- bate which followed, Mr. Breckenridgedisting. himself by his eloquent speeches. He also took an active part in the discussion relative to the free navigation of the Mpi. A vol. of his speeches was pub. Breekinridge, John, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1835), b. Cabell's Dale, Ky., 4 July, 1797 ; d. near Lexington, Ky., 4 Aug. 1841. N.J. Coll. 1818. Son of the preceding. Licensed to I r. ,i. Ii Ml I ~:Jj : chaplain to Congress in 1822- :i , |M 11 "I I i'lLsb. church at Lexington, 10 S. |,' 1 ■ _ ; I ^ji,, .luring which time he estah- lisln c| ihi ir, ' ;;( Luniinary, a religious news- jiapcr. In 1S26-31, he was colleague with Dr. Ijlendy at Baltimore; sec. and gen.-agent of the Presb. Board of Education at Phila. ill 1831-6; prof, of theology at the Princeton Sem. in 1836-8 ; sec. and gen. agent of the Board of Foreign Missions, 1838-40, and at the time of his d. pres. elect of Oglethorpe U., Ga. In 1836-8, he was settled at N. Orleans. He was an able controversialist ; and his discus- sion with Bishop Hughes of N.Y. was pub. with the title, " Roman-Catholic Controversy." He was an eloquent preacher and an able polemic writer. Pres. of the African Coloni- zation Soc. — SiwayitP. Breekinridge, John Cabell, vice.-pres. of the U.S., b. near Lexington, Ky., Jan. 21, 1821. Grandson of Senator John B. Centre Coll., Ky. He studied law at the Transyl. Institute, and was adm. to the bar at Lexing- ton. After residing at Burliii'jt'>n, To., tnr a time, he returned to Lexington - i. r. i . i,.,,- tised his profession with sum 1 i . i as a major during the Mex. war,,, I ;, , ,h_ „iia- self as the counsel of Gen. I'limw during the famous court-martial. On his return, he was elected to the State legisl, and was M.C. from 1851 to 1855. The mission to Spain was ten- dered him by Pres. Pierce, but was declined. He became V.P. in March, 1857. One of his first public performances was the delivery of a eulogy on Henry Clay. He entered the senate in 1861 as successor of J. J. Crittenden. Can- didate of the Southern Democ. for Pres. in 1860, and defeated ; expelled from the senate, Dec. 4, 1861 ; madeamaj -gen. C.S.A., 5 Aug. 1862; he com. the reserve at Shiloh, Apr. 6, 1862; com. the force which attacked Baton Rouge, La., Aug. 5, 1862, and was repulsed ; com. a division in Polk's lo ps at Miiiliocs- boro', Dec. 31,1862; at Clii. 1, ,i,. ,,,_ i, Xnv. 25, 1863; defeated Sigclntaii ^ , , . \ ,, . May 13, 1864; then joined I , . mmI was at the battle of Coal Ilai ii i , iuih ,i i -i,-( ; com. a corps under Early in the ^lR•nanuoah Valley, when defeated bv Gen. Sheridan, Sept. 1864; defeated Gen. Gil'lem inE. Tenn., Nov. 12 ; was in the battle near Nashville, Dec. 15, and in Jan.-Apr. 1865, was sec. of war at Rich- mond ; was in Europe after Lee's surrender, 1865-8. BRK Breckinridge, Robert Jefferson, D. D., LL. D., Presl). divine, b. at GiiMI's Dale, Ky., Mar. 8, 18U0. Uii. Coll. 1819. He practised law from 1823 to 1831, and was, meanwhile, several times in the K_v. legisl. From 1832 to 1845, lie was pastor of the First I'resb. Church, Baltimore, and noted for his eloquence. Pres. of Jetf. Coll., Pa., from 1845 to 1847, when he returned to Ky. ; assumed the pastorate of the First Presb. Charch in Le.\in^'ton, and became superintendent of pub- lic instruction for the State. He resigned these stations in 1853, having been elected prof of theology in the newly-established sera, at Danville, Ky., an office which he continues to hold. While in Baltimore, he edited the Literal!/ ami Religious Mafjazine and the Spirit (if the 19//i Ceiitiiri/; and his discussions with the Catholics evinced great knowledge of cburch-liisti.iy ami thcolo-y. He is the princi- pal :iiii!i-r '.:' till' riiniiiMiii -, Ihi.il system ofKy. In li;' .11 ■. . ■ ■!■ I II , i- in 1832 a small work on " A-i,i!i < ':i ■!> i, si>on after, a trea- tise on " Mental Cultivation and Excitement ; " in 1836, "The Infiuence of Religion upon the Health and Physical Welfare of Mankind ; " in 1840, " The Anatomy, Physiology, and Pa- thology of the Brain ; " in 1849, a small vol. of aphorisms and maxims for the use of those who had been under his care, with the title of "The Asvlum Souvenir." — See Memoir^ hu E. K. Hmt, in (j-rossS Med. Biorj. Brigham, Paul, d. Norwich, Vt., June 16, 1824, a. 79. Four years a capt. in the Revol. army ; high sheriff of Windsor Co., Vt., 5 years; maj.-gen. of militia; 5 years chief-justice County Court; and 22 years lieut.-g.)v. of Vt. Bright, Jesse D.,U. S. senator (1845-62), b. Norwich, Chenango Co., N.Y., Dec. 18, 1812. Removing to Ind., he received an aca- demic education, and studied and practised law. He was circuit judge of Ind. ; State senator, U. S. marshal, lieut.-gov. of the State, and pres. of the U. S. senate during several sessions In 1857, the Demoe. members of the State legisl. re-elected him to the senate in a manner which was denounced as fraudulent and unconstitutional by his Republican opponents; and his seat was contested. He continued a senator until Feb. 1862, when, on a charge of disloyalty, — the principal proof of which was, that in March, 1861, he wrote a letter to Hon. Jefferson Davis, pres of the Confed States, " recommending to him a person desirous of furnishing arms," — he was expelled by a vote of 32 to 14. Bright, Jonathan Brown, merchant of N. Y. Citv, b. Waltha pub. in 18'58 "The represented in America of Henry Bright, jun., who settled at Water- town, Ms., ab. 1630." — Daijckinck. Brignoli, Sig. Pasqualino, long an es- tablished and favorite tenor on the Amer. ope- ratic stage, b. Milan, 1832. At 15, he produced tham, Ms., Apr. 23, 1800; Brights ofttliffolk, Eng., erica by thT'Descendants an opera in his native city. Disgusted with the rendering of its finest aria by Cartalani, he rushed on the stage in his street-dress, and sang the role to the delight of all. — Brown's Amer. Slm/e. Brinley, Francis, b. Boston, Nov. 10, 1800. H. U. 1818. Adm. to the Suffolk bar in 1821. Member of the council of Boston M. and tion of imprisonment for debt, and of a well- regulated militia system, and was thrice chosen capt. of the Ancient and Hon. Art. Co. Author of a life of his bro.-in-law, William T. Porier, 1860, and con trib. to .ff«n('s Merch. Ma;;, and the Ajnerican .twist. His articles on Dower are cited by Chancellor Kent in his Commen- taries. Also a frequent contrib. to the press, and a successful lecturer. He pub. in 1830 an Address before the Franklin Debating Society of Boston. — Diiycklnck. Brion (bre-ijn), Peter Lonis, adm. of Co- lombia, b. Caracas, July 6, 1782; d. Sept. 20, 1821. He studied navigation in the U.S. After the death of his father, who bequeathed him a large fortune, he returned to his country, bought a vessel, and made several voyages, and settled at Caracas in 1804, where he estab- lished a mercantile house. He took an active part in the events of 1809 and 1810; volunteered his services in 1811 to the Republic of Caracas, and was app. capt. of a frigate. At his own expense, he fitted out a fleet, and attacked the Spanish forces at the Island of Marguerite, where he gained a signal victory. Brion dis- ting. himself at the conquest of Guiana, and also at Santa Marta and Carthagena, and was in 1816 the active coadjutor of Bolivar. He is reproached for his partiality, if not bar- barity, in the affair of Gen. Piar. It is, how- ever, the only stain on his character. Brisbane, Abbott H., engineer, b. S. C. West Point, 1825. In 3d Art. 1825-8. Col. S. C. Vols, against the Seminole Indians, 1835-6, and in the skirmish of Tomoka, 10 Mar 1836. Railroad engineer in S. C. and Ga., 1836-48; prof, of belles Icttres and ethics, S. C. Milit. Acad., 1848-53; planter near Charleston, S. C, since 1853. Author of " Ralphton, or the Young Carolinian of 1776," a political romance. — CuUum. Brissot (bre'-so') de Ouarville, Jean PIerre, French author and revolutionist, b. Ouarville, 14 Jan., 1754 ; guillotined, Paris, 30 Oct. 1793. Abandoning the law for literature, he in 1780 pub. his "Theory of Criminal Laws," and was in 1784 thrown into the Bas- tile for his writings. He afterwards visited Geneva and Eng., and, on his return to France, established at Paris a society for the abolition of negro slavery. In 1788, he travelled in America, and pub. an account of his journey in 1791. He then established at Paris the French Patriot, a revol. journal ; became in July, 1789, a member of the Paris municipal- ity,' and was a member of the National As- se'mbly, and a leader of the Girondists. Ac- cused ' by Robespierre, and brought before the BRI 124 vcvol. triliunal, he was speedily put out of the w;iy. He was a great admirer of the Ameri- cans, assumed the habits of the Quakers, and introduced the fashion of wearing the hair with- out powder. Among his many writings are an " Examination of the Travels of Chastellux in Aniuriua," " The Commerce of America with Kuropf," 8vo, Lond., 1793, and "Letters on the Historv of England " Bristed, Charle> Asm.k, anthm-.h. N.Y., 1820. Y. C. 1839. .Sen Ml l.'.v .Inim Bris- tod. He spent 5 ye;u>. at Caiiil.iMl^e, Eng., anil took his degree at Tnniiy Cull, in 1845. At liotli universitie.s he gained frequent prizes fur cias-iial attainments. Returning home, he m., in 1.^47, the dau. of Henry Brevoort. He has latterly resided in Paris and in Baden-Ba- den. His corresp. with the N. Y. Spirit of the Times records the matters of art, literature, the drama, and the social aspect of the times pass- ing under his eye; and an article in Fntser, of July, 1855, treats of the relation of the English press to the U. S. Author of many lively pa- pers in Fraser's and other magazines, of editions of some of the classics, and of " Five Years in an linglish University," pub. in 1852. One of llie original trustees of the As!or Library. — Dmjckmck. Bristed, John, Pr.-Ep. clergyman and au- thor, \>. Dorsetshire, Eng., in 1778; d. Bristol, ILL, iVh. 23, 1855. After studying the clas- sics at Winchester Coll., and medicine at Ed- inluugh, he turned his attention to the study of the law, and, arriving at New Yo.k in 1806, practised law there manyyears with distinction. (_)nl. in 1828, when he became assist, to Bishop Gn^Hul'l, til, 11 re, lor of St. Michael's at Bris- tol. IM, 111 IS2.I, tlie bishop removed to Ms., and \\a- -lurnM.il by Mr. Bristed in the ree- tor^hiii ut St. Mirhael's, which he resigned in 1843. He m., in 1820, a dau. of John Jacob Astor. Author of "Resources of the U. S.," 1818; "The Adviser, or the Moral and Lit- erary Tribunal," 4 vols., 1802; " A Pedestrian Tour through Part of the Highlands of Scot- land in 1801 ; " a coll. of" Critical and Philo.':. Essays," 1804; "The Society of Friends Ex- amined," 1805; and, in 1806, "Edward and Anna." In 1807, he conducted the Monlhli/ n.-.iister : in 1809, he pub. in N. Y. " Hints on the National Bankruptcy of Britain ; " in 1811, " The Resources of the British Empire." In 1814, he delivered an oration on "The Utility of Literary Establishments," Bristol, John Bontan, landscaiie-painter, b. Hillsdale, N.Y., Mar. 14, 1824. His early life was a struggle without aid, instruction, or sympathy. In 1859, he visited Fla., and in 1862 settled in N. Y. City. Among his pic- tures are, " Afternoon on the St John's," "Au- tumn Afternoon near Bolton, Lake George," "Mansfield Mountain at .Sunrise," and "An Afternoon in Haying Time." — Tuckerman. Brock, Sir Isaac, a British maj.-gen., b. Guernsev, Oct. 6, 1769 ; killed at the battle of Queenstbwn, Canada, Oct. 13, 1812. Enter- ing the army as ensign in 1783, he had seen service in Holland, and in the attack on Copen- hagen in 1801, when, Oct. 9, 1811, with the rank of maj.-gen., he was app pres. and ad- miuistrator of the govt, of Upper Canada. vhile He took prompt measures to place tlic province in a condition to meet the impending conflict with the U. S. ; captured the armv of Gen. Hull at Detroit, Aug. 16, 1812, and, " '■ rallying his troops on the field of Qii fell pierced by 3 balls. A monument marks the spot where he fell. Broekenborough, William, judge, b. July 10. 1778; d. Kirhmond, Va., Dec. 10, 1838. RciavM.niativr nf Essex Co. in legisl. ; afterward c-niiii, illnr ; jinl^r Gen. Court, 1809- 1834; jud^tc ..I tlir ( uiiri of Appt-als, 1834-8. Broderiek, David Culbreth, politician, b. Washington, D.C., Dec. 1818; killed in a duel with Judge Terry in Cal., Sept. 21, 1859. His father, a native of Ireland, and a stone- cutter, removed to N.Y. during his early youth, and ab. 1837, with his mother and only bro. d. there. Acquiring great political influence in N.Y. City, while engineer in the fire dept., he was a candidate for Congress in 1846. In 1849, be was in Cal. ; was in the senate of that State in 1850; pres. of that body in 1851 ; again State senator in 1S52, and in 1856 was sent to the U. S. senate. He was eminent as a debater, opposed the admission of Kansas as a slave State under the Lecompton Constitution, and separated from the Democ. party on the question of slavery in 1858. ^cuwV^ ? Brodhead, Gen. David, b. Va., 1736 ; d. Milford, Pa., Nov. 15, 1809. He raised a company of riflemen in 1775, who served in the battle of Long Island ; app. col. 8ih Pa. regt. In Apr. 1778, he led an exped. against the Indians. In the spring of 1 781 , he led another exped. against the Muskingum Indians, which was successful. He made two important treaties with the Indians, — one of them, July 22, 1779, with the Cherokees. He received the thanks of Congress, and was many years survevor-uen. of Pa. — Dellass. Brodhead, Jacob, D.D., b. Ulster Co., N.Y., Mav 14, 1782 ; d. Springfield, Ms., Juno fi. 1855. Un. Coll. 1801. His ancestor, Capt. Daniel of Yorkshire, was an oflicer in the exped. under Col. Nicolls against New Netherland in 1664, and settled in Esopus or Kingston, N.Y., in 1665. Tutor in Un. Coll. in 1802; pastor of the Ref Dutch Church at Rhinebeck from 1804 till 1809, when he settled in N.Y. as one of the pastors of the Collegiate Church. He established the First Dutch Church in Phila., whither he went in 1813; returned to N.Y. in 1826, and took charge of the church in Broome St. until 1837, when he removed to Saugerties, and became pastor of the church at Flatbush. He removed to Brooklyn, 1841, and was the minister of the Central Ref.-Prot. Dutch Church, until he relinquished his pastoral service tlicre in 1847. Brodhead, John C, 44 vears minister of the M. E. Church, and M. 0. from N.H., 1829-33; d. Newmarket, N.H., Apr. 7, 1838, a. 67. ^ Brodheflft John Rojietn, son of Rev. Jacob, politicran and historian, b. Phila., Jan. 2, I814.-+Rutg. Coll. 1831. Adm.to thebarin 1835; practised 2 years in N.Y., then devoted himself to the stiuly of American history. Attached lo the U. S. legation at the Hague in 1839, he was app. by the legisl. of N.Y. its V. BRO 125 agent to procure and transcribe ori^'inal docu- ments concerning the history of the State. He spent 3 years in the archives of Holland, Eng., and France, obtained more than 5,000 separate papers, 16 voN. t'nim nolh\nd, 47 IVom Eng., 17 from rn\in. , . i , i- tbe reports of home and culiiin i n, : : , and returned to N.Y. with t!ii^ :. i :,._:-; ;.i tlie summer of 1844. All tljc^c' .1>.h umciiu ucre pub. by act of the legisl. They make 1 1 quarto vols., anil were edited by E. B. O'Callaghan. From 1846 to 1849, he was sec. of legation to Mr. Banrn.if nt r,..n^1..n, and from 18.j3 to 1857 was iiinil Hi : * \ V. He is at work upon a hisliii . ;. , the first vol. of wliiL-h was put. .1,1 1^,, ,1. „cond in 1871. In the spring ol i SjO, iio w.io a|)p. consul-gen. to Japan, hut did not accept. He delivered an address before the N.Y. Hist. Soc, 1844, and on the commenial history of N.Y., before the Mer- cantile Lilirarv Assoc, at the opening of Clin- ton H;dl, .June 8, liai. ~ Duycldnck. Broglio (brog'le'), Ci.AUDE Victor Marie de, son of the Marshal de Broglie, b. Paris in 1757; guillotined, June 27, 1794. 2d col. of the regt. d'aimis at the age of 23. He volunteered his services in the cause of Amer. Independence ; was transferred to the regt. Suintomje under Custine, and served until the capture of Yorktown. On his return to France he became col. of the regt. Bourbonnais. Elected dep. to the States-gen., he espoused the pojjular cause, voting for the admissibility of all citizens to office. As sec. of the assembly in 1790, he labored to organize the military force. Pres. of the National Assembly, Aug. 14, he, on the 31st, requested a com. in iliearmy, and was made marshal de camp in the Army of the Rhine. His conduct Was praised until Aug. 10, 1792, when, not wishing to recognize the decree sus- pending the king from his rights, he resigned ; was soon afterwards arrested, brought before the Revol. tribunal, and was condemned to death. — Nouv. Biog. Gen. Broke, Sir Philip Bowes Verb, an English adm., b. Sept. 9, 1776 ; d. Jan. 2, 1841. He entered the navy in 1792, and he- came a post captain in 1801. He is chiefly known by his capture in " The Shannon " of the Amer. frigate " Chesapeake " in June, 181.3, — a victory that was exceedingly agree- able to his countrymen, who had begun to be seriously alarmed at the repeated successes of the little Amer. navy. He was raised at once to the dignity of a baronet. In this action, he received so severe a wound as to incapacitate him from service ; and he retired on half-ijay. Bromfleld, John, merchant, b. Ncwbury- port, April U, 1779; d. Boston, Dec. 8, 1849. He was the last representative in Amer. of the male line of a family disting. for more than a century, among the citizens of Boston, for in- tegrity and benevolence. Edward, his ances- tor, came to Boston in 1675. He acquired a fortune as European agent for Anq^k mercan- tile houses, then by the Canton ^Ride, and afterwards by investments of his capital in Boston, where he resided during the latter part of his life. In 1845, he gave to the Boston Athenseum $25,000, and at his death he left munificent bequests to several charitable insti- tutions. — .See Reminiscences of J. B., Sa/cm, Bronson, Greene Carrier, LL.D., (Un. Coll. 1848), lawyer and politician, b. Oneida Co., N.Y", 1789; d. Saratoga, Sept. 3, 1863. He acquired high repute as a lawyer in Utica ; became surrogate of the Co. in April, 1819; member of the assembly, 1822; atty.- gen. 1829 to Jan. 1836; then a puisne judge of the Superior Court, chief-justice Su|)rerae Court, 1845, and a judge of the Court of Ap- ds, 1847. He afterward practised law in Y. City, lost most of his property by specu- port 18.53-4, &^ lation, was collector of tha and Corp. counsel from Dec. 1859 to Jan. 18 He stood high as a lawyer, and was a leader of the " Hard Shell " Democ. Bronson, Isaac H., jurist, b. Rutland, N.Y., 16 Oct. 1802; d. Pilatka, Fla , 13 Aug. 1855. Adm. to the bar in 1822, and became disting.; sent to Congress in 1837, but re- signed on account of ill health; U. S. Terr, judge of Fla., 1S3S-45, and, from that time to his d., U.S Dist. judge for the State. Brooke, Fran-cis J, jurist, b. Smithfield, Va., Aug. 27, 1763; d. March 3, 1851. In 1780, he was app. a lieut. in Harrison's regt., his twin bro. John obtaining a like commis- sion in the same regt., and served under La- fayette and Oreene. On returning to Va., he studied medicine one year with his elder bro. Lawrence, then studied law, and in 1788 was adm. to the bar. He practised in the Coun- ties of Monongahela and Harrison ; was app. Commonwealth's atty. in the Dist. Court, and afterward practised in Essex Co., an9, with about 20 men, he surprised Harper's Ferry, seized the arsenal and armory, and took 40 prisoners. Attacked by the Va. militia, on the 17th, after two of his sons, and nearly all of his men, bad been killed, and he himself had been wounded in several places, he was cap- tured. " Enemies and friends," says Redpath, " were equally amazed at the carriage and say- ings of the wounded warrior." He was tried in Nov., and met death with serene composure. He was twice married, and had 20 children. — Si'e IJf\ hy Reilpalh, 1860; Life and Letters, bt/ A'. I).' 1IV66, 1861. Brown, John Newton, D. D., Baptist clergyman and author, b. New London, Ct., June 29, 1803; d. Germantown, Pa., May 15, 1868. Ho grad. at what is now Madison U., Hamilton, N.Y., with the highest honors in 1823 ; preached one yearin Buffiilo, afterwards at the 1st Bapt. Church, Providence, in Maiden, Ms, and in Exeter, N.H. He edited "The Encyclopffidiaof Religious Knowledge" (1835), n-pub, in Eng. From 1838 to 1 845, he was prof, of tlieol. and eccl. history in the New Hampton Theol. Institution, N.H, but was obliijed by ill health to go South. From 1845 to 1849, he was pastor of a church at Lexington, Va., and was subsequently editorial sec. of the Amer. for this society the works of Bunyan and Ful- ler, and " Fleetwood's Life of Christ." The Baptist articles of laith, called the "N.H. Con- fession," were prepared by him, and revised in 1852. He also wrote verse ; one of his best ef- forts being a translation of the Dies Iras, " Emily, and other Poems," he pub. 1840. Brown, John Sullivan, author, b. Moul- tonborough, Sept. 5, 1825. Dartm. Coll. 1848. Solicitor of patents at Washington, D.C., since Apr. 1851. Has 7 patents of his own, and 30 or 40 improvements of other inventions ; has pub. " A Catalogue of all Patents prior to 1867," "Hives, and the Managing of Bees," and the Pen and Lever, devoted 'to mechanism and inventions. — Alumni of D.C. Brown, John \V., author, b. Schenectady, N.Y., Aug. 21, 1814; d. Malta, Apr. 9, 1849. Un. Coll. 1832. After completing his studies at the General Theol. Sem., he settled as a Pr.-Ep. minister at Astoria, N.Y., July 3, 1836; conducted the Astoria Female Institute in 1838-45; became in 1845 editor of the Prot- estant Churchman ; was the author of the " Christmas Bells, a Tale of Holy Tide," 1842, and other poems, and of several religious tales in prose. Brown, Mason, LL.D. (Trans. U.), jurist and legal writer, b. Pliila., 10 Nov., 1799; d. Frankfort, Ky., 27 Jan. 1867. Y.C. 1820. He studied in the office of J. J. Crittenden and in the Lexington Law School ; practised at Frankfort; became the partner of Charles S. Morebead, with whom he coiii|iilcd " Murehead and Brown's Digest ; " was nianv years judije of the Circuit Court of his dist.", and tec. of State, 1855-9. Father of Senator B. Gratz Brown, and of Brig.-Gen. J. M. Brown. Son of Sen. John Brown of Kv. by a sister of John M. Mason, D. D. — Y. C. Ght. Record, 237. Brown, Matthew, D.D. (N.J Coll. 1823), LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1835; Jeff. Coll. 1845), educator, b. Northumb. Co., Pa., 1776; d. Pittsburg, Pa., 29 July, 1853. Dick. Coll. 1794. Licensed to preach by the Presb. of Carlisle, 3 Oct. 1799; some time pastor at Canonsburg, Pa. First pies, of Wash. Coll., Pa., 1806-16, and pres. of Jeff. Coll. Pa., 1822-45. Besides addresses and sermons, he pub. "Memoir of Rev. 0. Jennings, D.D,," 1832, and" Life of Rev John McMillan, D.D." — Sjirar/w;. Brown, Moses, capt. U.S.N. ; d. New- buryport, Jan. 1, 1804, a. 62. In the Revol. war, he com. several of the largest privateers of N.E. ; was engaged in many severe battles ; disting. himself particularly in one with a ship of superior force, and was a zealous, brave, and successful officer. On the establishment of thoU..''- iiivv, t!i>' 7ii<'i( Iiaiits of Newburyport builtaslii|i >'}■ -u'l-ri i'.iHjii for the govt., the com. of will, li h:i~ ^nni to Capt. Brown, who was comniissioiied capt. Sept. 15, 1798. While he com. " The Merrimack," he was as enterpris- ing: and successful as formerly. Brown, Nicholas, merchant, b. Provi- BRO 133 dence, R.I., April 4, 1769; d. ihere Sept. 27, 1841. R.I. Coll. 1786. He descended from Chad Brown, one of the early colonists with Roger Williams, and was the son of Nicholas, (one of the4 brothers), who d. May 29, 1791, a. 61. In 1791, he founded the mercantile house of Brown & Ives, one of the most successful in the country. For many years, he was a member of the R.I. legisl. He was one of the most munificent patrons of R.I. Coll. which, in 1804, changed its name to Brown Univ. In 1823, he built a second coll. edifice, entirely at his own expense, and gave, in all, nearly SIOO.OOO to that institution. He gave nearly S10,000 to the Providence Alhenoeum, liberally aided in the building of churches and the en- dowment of colleges and academies, and be- queathed S30,000 for an insane asylum, to be established at Providence. His son, John Carter Brown, has also been a munificent patron of B. U. — See Hunt's Lives of Amer. Merclmnls. Brown, Pateick, M.D., b. Mavo Co , Ireland, ab. 1720; d. 1790. Author of" Civil and Nat. Hist, of Jamaica," 17.i6. Brown, Phi fost, pub. lu 1859 as ■■l.nrri-, fiM,,, S|,;iiii and Dtlier Countries." Apr. :;. I^r„i, 1„- lirhvciv,! at the Acad, of Mu- sir, N. v., an a.Mrc^s uu Washington Irving. A new vol. of verses, entitled " Thirty Poems," appeared in 1864. His brother John How- ard, also a poet, b. July 22, 1S07, first came into notice in 1826 by the publication of " My Native Land." He went to III. in 1831 ; has been a representative in the legisl., and pub. a coll. of his poems in N. Y. in 1855. Bryson, Andrew, capt. U. S. N., b. New York, Julv 25, 1822. Midshipman, Dec. 21, 1837; lieu't.Aug.SO, 1851 ;coin.July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866. He com. steamer " Chip- pewa " on special service, 1862-3 ; com. iron- clad " Lehigh," S. A. B. squadron, at the re- duction of Fort Macon, and in all the princi- pal actions in which the iron-cladswere eng.aged offCharleston, from Sept. 1 863, to Apr. 5, 1864, and wounded slightly by fragment of a shell; com. iron-clad "Essex," Mississippi squadron, 1864-5. — Bamersli/. Buchanan, FRANitLiN, an officer of the Confed. navy, b. Baltimore, Md., ab. 1800. Entering the U. S. navy as midshipm. Jan. 28, 1815, he became lieut. Jan. 13, 1825 ; master- com. Sept. 8, 1841; first supt. of the naval acad. 1845-7; capt. Sept. 14, 1855. Apr. 19, 1861, he sent in his resignation; but, finding that Md. did not secede, he petitioned to be re- stored ; was refused; entered the Confederate service, and superintended the fitting-out of the frigate " Merrimack." He com. her in the attack on the U. S. fleet in Hampton Roads, and was so severely wounded as to be obliged to relinquish his com. He was in com. when Gen. Wool occupied Norfolk, and blew up his ship to save her from capture. M^ide a rear- adm., he com. the iron-clad " Tennessee" in Mobile Bay, Aug. 1864, where he was defeated by Adm. Farragut, and taken prisoner. Buchanan, Isaac, member of the Cana- dian parliament, and pres. of the bo.ard of trade of Hamilton, b. Glasgow, N.B., 1810. He was liberally educated ; became a leading merchant and politician ; was active in sup- pressing the rebellion in 1837; was elected to parliament from Toronto in 1841, and has been many years a mpmber, anil at one time pres., of the exec, council of Quebec. Author of " The Relations of the Industry of Canada with the Mother-Country and the U. S." Buchanan, James, British consul at N.Y.; 137 BUG d. at Elmwood, near Montreal, Oct. 1851, a. 80. While a resident of N. Y., he wrote and pub. " Sketches of the History, Manners, and Cus- toms of the N. Amer. Indians," 2 vols., 12mo, 1824, repub. in Lond. the same year, a work of merit. — N. E. H. and Geneul. Reg., vi., 101. Buchanan, James, ISth Pres. of the U. S., b. Franklin Co., Pa,, 2.3 Apr. 1791 ; d. Wheatland, near Lancaster, Pa., 1 June, 1868. Dick. Coll. 1809. His father came from Ire- land in 1783 : his mother, Elizabeth Spear, was the dau. of a farmer. Adm. to the bar in 1812, he practised at Lancaster with such success, that, at the age of 40, he retired with a compe- tency. Beginning as a Federalist, he was an M. C. in 1821-31, and supported Jackson for the Presidency in 1828 ; minister to Russia in 1832-4 ; U. S. senator, 1834-45 ; sec. of State, under Pres. Polk, in 1845-9, opposing the Wilmot Proviso and the antislavery move- ment ; and U. S. minister to Eng. in 1853-6. In 1856, he was the Democ. candidate for Pres., and was elected, receiving 174 electoral votes to 129 for Fremont (Republican), and Fill- more (American). In Congress, he favored a tariff merely for revenue, and, as chairman of the judiciary committee of the honsc, conducted with ability the prosecution of Judge Peck of Me. in 1829-30. As minister to Russia, he concluded a commercial treaty, seeming to us important privileges in the Baltic and Black Seas. In the senate, where he was regarded as a leader of the Democracy, he urged Congress to declare that it had no power to legislate on the subject of slavery, and advocated the an- nexation of Texas. As one of the 3 members of the Ostend Conference in 1854, he declared, that, if Cuba could not he purchased, we should be justified in wrestingit from Spain. His cab- inet was composed |)rini-ipally of disunionists and i!i' II ni ,.!- In i he first year of his ad- raini- :: I 1 I ^: ,'itement was produced by an all' : > i Ii slavery in Kansas. In his iih -. J' I )> . I V.7, he urged that Kansas be adni. with the Lccompton Constitution, St message, Dec. 1860, Buchanan caston the Northern peo- ple the blame for the disruption of the Union, then imminent, and declared that the Constitu- tion did not delegate to Congress or to the Ex- ecutive power to coerce or to prevent the seces- sion of a State. Dec. 12, 1860, Cass resigned the State secretaryship, because the Pres. de- clined to re-enforce Fort Snmter. Most of the slave States seceded in the winter of 1860-61 ; and nearly all the forts, arsenals, and custom- houses within their limits, were seized by the insurgents, the movements of the disunionists to found and fortify a Southern confederacy be- ing fixcilitated by the outgoing administration. He withdrew to private life Mar. 3, 1861. Au- thor of " Mr. Buchanan's Administration," 1866. Buchanan, Robert Christie, brev. maj.- gen. U.SA., b. Md. West Point, 18.30. Lieut, of inf., 1830; adj. 18.35-8; served in Seminole war, 1836-7; capt. 1 Nov. 1838; brev. maj. " for gallant and disting. service in battles of R. de la Palma and Palo Alto," Aug. 1846 ; lieut.-col. com. batt. Md. vols, in Mex. war, Sept. 1846, to May, 1847 ; acting maj. and dis- ting. in battle of Churubusco ; brev. lieut.-col. for El Molino del Rey, July, 1848 ; acting insp.- gen. to Gen. Butler in 1848; maj. 4th Inf., Feb. 3, 1855 ; com. and disting. in several con- flicts with Indians near Rogue River, Oregon, in 1856 ; lieut.-col. Sept. 9, 1861 ; col. 1st Inf., Feb. 8, 1864 ; brig.-gen. U.S. vols., 29 Nov. 1862; was in the battles and sieges of the peninsular camp.; battles of Manassas, Antie- tam, and Fredericksburg ; brev. brig.-gen. U. S.A., 13 Mar. 1865, for Malvern Hill; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., for Manassas and Fredericks- burg. — Culliim. Buckingham, James Silk, traveller and author, b. Eng., 1784 ; d. London, June 30, 1855. He made tours in various parts of Eu- rope and N. America, the published accounts of which make many vols. ; 9 of them are upon Araer. He visited the U.S., and lectured on temperance and slavery in most of the cities of the Union. M. P. 1832-7. Buckingham, Joseph Tinker, editor, b. Windham, Ct., Dec. 21, 1779; d. Cam- bridge, Ms., Apr. 11, 1861. His father, Nehe- miah Tinker, a Revol. soldier^ d. in 1783, leav- ing his family destitute. Joseph worked on a farm ; entered a printing-office at 16 ; came to Boston in Feb. 1800, and in 1804 had his name changed by act of the legisl. He began to pub. the Poljjanthos in 1805, the Ordeal, a weekly of 16 pages, 8vo, in ,Tan. 1809, the N.E. Gal- axi/, in conjunction with S. L. Knapp, in Oct. 1817, and in Mar. 1824, the Boston Courier, as the special and avowed advocate of the Amer. svstem. He retired from the Courier in June, 18'48. From 1831 to 1834, in connection with his son, he pub. the jV. E. Magazine. He was several times elected to the legisl., and was a member of the State senate in 1847-8, and 1850-1. He is the author of " Specimens of Newspaper Literature," &c., 2 vols., 1850; "Personal Memoirs and Recollections," 2 vols., 1852; "Annals of the Ms. Char. Mechanics' Assoc," 1853. He was pres. of the Ms. Char- itable Assoc., of the Bunker Hill Monument Assoc, and of the Middlesex Agric. Society. Buckingham, William Alfred, LL.D. (Y.C. 1866), gov. of Ct., 1858-66, b. Lebanon, , ^J, , e, Ct., May 28, 1804.. His ancestor was Rev. ;, 's, '61-2; mayor of W.a 1 . - : . ..„. ator, 1849 ; com. nf in nl'. ■ a^i , 1 -a ; ; ■ i,[ _■,■ <,(' insolv. 1856-8. He has pub. several aildies.scs and speeches. Bullock, ARoniBALD, Revol. patriot of Ga., b. Charleston, S.C; d. Feb. 1777. He was a delegate from Ga. to the Congress at Phila. in 1775, and June 20, 1776, was chosen pres. of the Exec. Council of Ga., the first posi- tion in the State, which post he filled until the formation of the State Constitution, Feb. 5, 1777. His son William B., lawyer, mayor of Savannah in 1809, and U.S. senator in 1813, d. Sav. 6 Mar. 1852, a. 76. Bullock, William, pub. " Virginia Impar- tially Examined," Lond., 1849. Bumstead, Freeman Josiah, M.D. (1851), physician and author, b. Boston, Apr. 21, 1826. Wilis ('nil. lst7. Ur Mlaliad at Paris in l.s.-.-. aial ilaai ~eii|,.l ,11 |a,anre in New-York r,,v II,. «,, ^,^,l> -i„ae,,n to i the geons, N.Y., and is now prof of venereal dis- eases there. He pub. a translation of Ricord's Notes to Hunter on Venereal, 1854 ; "Pa- thology and Treatment of Venereal Diseases," 1861, and a translation of Cullerier's Icono- graphie des Maladies Ven., 1867. Bunch, Samuel, col., b. 1786; d. Granger BUR Co., Tcnn., Sept. 5, lS-19. He com. a regt. of Tenn. mounted gunmen, in 1813, under Jack- son, and was disting. in the attack on the Creek Indians at Hillibeetown, Nov. 18, 1813; M.C. 1833-7. Buncombe, Col. Kichaed, Revol. offi- cer, b. St. Kitts, W.I.; d. PiiiUt., 1777, from wounds at the battle of Brandywine. Edu- cated in Eng., he inherited a large estate; re- moved in 1776 to Tyrrell Co., N.C. ; was an active patriot, and raised and com. the 5th N. C. regt. A county of N. C. perpetuates his name. Burbank, Sidney, hrev. brig.-gen. U.S. A., son of Lieut.-Col. Sullivan, b. Ms. West Point, ISJg. Entering the 1st Inf., he served in the Black Hawk an.l -■.minn'- In-l-ni wars ; capt. 8Nov. 1839; niai. -' I I >' 1> < . I S.iS ; lieut.-col. 13th Inf., 11 M ■ : ! - i M Inf., 16 Sept. 1862 ; com. linji -n, n -in the Rappahannock campaign, an.l m banks of Chanccllorsvillo and Gci.ysburg, for which he was brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 iMar. 1865. — Cullum. Burbeck, Gen. Henry, Revol. officer, b. Boston, June 8, 1 754 ; d. New London, Oct. 2, 1848. His father was an ofticer at Castle Wil- liam. In 1776, he was made a lieut.; capt. of art. Sept. \i, Mil, and continued in active service until the close of the war, when he received the brev. of major. He participated in the battles of Br;indywine and Germantown, as thet For^r Inilinii Wavnr col, 'Ma well as in id sufferings of Valley P' rils of the memorable .1., and was present at 1' nth. In 1786, he again !i the rank of capt., and I l.jr several years in the . -trrn border, under Gen. art. Nov. 4, 1791 ; lieut.- 3i. art. Apr. 1, 1802; and ■" etired 1815.— brev. brig.-gen. Sept Geneal. ReijAii., 101; Burden, IIknkt, inventor, b. Dumblane, Scotland, 20 Apr iT'jl: a I'imv, N.Y., 19 Jan. 1871. _ Bron^li: i . ■ i , iMmt's farm, his inventive facn 1 1 . 1 . )n a thresliing- machine. Aft. r ,i iln iiuli ■ iirse of scientific study at Edinburgli, he c;unc, in 1819, to the U. S.; made an improved plough; in 1820 in- vented the first cultivator used in America; patented spikr. in mnki" hook- 1, road. Ill Iron and greatly enlarged, iight-iron l.nc for !<■ :r- ni Ml' i!ic Troy . Tlicse works he s finally sole propri- was much interested in ocean navi- gation. Burges, Tristam, LL.D., orator and ju- rist, b. Rochester, Ms., Feb. 26, 1770 ; d. Prov- idence, R.I., Oct, 13, 1853. B. U. 1796. Like his father, he was both a farmer and a cooper, and, ilii. . 1 I .1 '.V I 'ongress.on the 36ili lullnt, r, f . ■ .[ , ,-,on (or pres. and Burr. Iurx„v j.;, . ,1:, 1., 1 804, he mortally wounded in u dud Ak;...i.i.hr Hamilton, long his professional rival and political opponent. He soon after undertook his mad enterprise in the western territories of the U. S., for which he was apprelii'mlpil and tried at Richmond, on a chaiL- of in.;,„Mi. in Aug. 1807, and, after a lono tiKil. ;ii .|'iiio il. To escape further legal rLqiuMiioii, .uhI to avoid nimicrous creditors, he wt'ut to Loiiduii in 1808, and lived some pov thor nd in Paris, endeavoring, unsuccosstiilly, to prornro means to carry out his Mexican ]]roj«t. It was sup- posed that he intended establishing an empire in Mexico, which should embrace some of the South-western States of the Union. He re- turned to N.Y. in 1812, and practised law, but lived in obscurity and poverty. By his first wife, the widow of Gen. Augustine Pievost, he had a dau., who m. Mr. Allston of S. C. At the age of 78, he m. his second wife, a Mrs. Jurael. Burr was small in stature, had a remarkably brilliant eye, and a striking ap- pearance. He possessed disting. talents, but manifested a lamentable want of principle both in public and private life. He was charitable, and-l>enevolent to the poor. A memoir of his life and times was pub. by James Parton, N.Y., 1857. Another, by M. L. Davis, 2 vols., 1836-7. Burrell, Jonathan, a Revol. officer, b. 1753; d. Goshen, N.Y., Nov. 18, 1834. In 1776, he joined the northern army under Schuyler. His talents soon procured "him the app. of assist. paym.,and,at thecloseofthe war, a place in the commission for settling the ac- counts of the commissary and quarterm. depts. He was afterward assist, postraastcr.-gen. ; cashier of the U. S Branch Bank of N.Y., nnd one of the managers of the N.Y. State lotteries at a time when public confidence in them had been shaken. His ability, industry, and in- tegrity were of a high order. Burrill, Alexander M., legal writer, d. Kearney, N.J., Feb. 7. 1869, a. 62. Col. Coll. 1824, with highest honors of the class. He studied several years in the ofiice of Chancellor Kent, and was remarkable for his scholarly precision and discrimination in the use of lan- guage. Author of" Circumstantial Evidence," " As--ignments," "Practice," and a "Law Dictionary." He also aided in compiling " Worcester's Dictionary." Burrill, Ja.mes, LL.D., lawyer and states- man, b. Providence, R.I., April 25, 1772; d. Washington, Dec. 25, 1820. B.U. 178S. Adm. to practise law in Sept. 1791, his superior talents soon gave him the first rank at the bar. He was atty.-gen. of R.t. from 1797 to 1813, when the decline of his health caused his retire- ment from the bar. Member of the legisl. in 1813, speaker in 1814, chief-justice of the Su- preme Court in 1816, U.S. senator, 1817-20. He bore a disting. part in the U.S. senate, espe- cially in the debate on the Mo. Compromise, to which he was inflexibly opposed. He was dignified in character and eminent in scholar- ship. BXTR 146 BUR Burrington, George, gov. of N.C., 1723- 4 and 1730-4: was app. because his father had been active in support of the govt, at the accession of George I. He withdrew from the Colonv in 1734, to avoid prosecution, and evade justice, and was found murdered one morning in St. James's Park, Lond. - mihamson sN. C. Burritt, Elihc "the learned black- smiih " reformer, b. New Britain, Ct., Uec. », 1811 ' Tlie son of a shoemaker, he was edu- cated at a common school, and at 16 was ap- prenii.:ea to a blacksniitli. Desirous of read- benefit of tiio library of the Anti^ ui...t,...o •- .- r He had been a judge of the Mich. Ci Court, and member of the legisl. for several terms, and was a prime mover in the construc- tion of the Saute Ste. Mane Canal. Burton, Asa, D.D. Middleb Col . 1804), div1\ie b Preston, now Griswold, Ct., Aug. 25, 1752;'d. Thelford, Vt.,May 1,1836. Dartm. Coll. 1777. Old. at Thetford, Jan. 19, 1779, over a church of 16 members, he continued his pastorate more than half a century. He pub- lished several sermons and discourses and " Essays on Some of the First Principles of Metaphysics, Etliics.and Theology, 8vo 1824. A memoir has been pub. by Thomas Adams. — Spraque. .. „ Burton, Henry S brev. brig.-gen. U.S. A b N Y 1818 ; d. Fort Adams, R.I.. Anrir4 1869. West Point, 1839. He served in the art. in the Seminole war ; was an in- structor at West Point, in 1843-6 ; and, as liput-col. N.Y. vols., disting. himself by Ins 'deTnce of La Paz in Lower Cal. in Nov. 1847 ; maj. May 14, 1861 ; lieut-col. July 25, 1863 col 5th Art. Aug. 11,1863; brev. brig.-gen. March 13, 1865, for services at the captuie of ^"^Burton, IIutchins G , a politician of BTJS N. C, b. Granville Co.; d. Apr. 21, 1836. After studying law, he settled in Meeklenburjr, which, in 1810, he represented in the House of Commons. Atty.-gen. of the State, 1811-16 ; removed to Halifax Co. in 1816, again becom- ing a member of the House ; was M. C. 1819- 24, and gov. 1824-7. Burton, Napier Christie, a British gen., " an American bv birth ; " d. Eng., Jan. 1835, a. "6. He entered the service in Aug. 1773, as ensign 22d ; w.ns made capt. Sept. 1779. During the winter of 1779-80. he served in the Jerseys ; in actions of Elizabethtown and Springfield in 1780; in Aug. went to Ports- mouth, Va., and thence to S. C ; engaged in the affairs of the Catawba and Yadkin, in the battles of Guilford and Cross Creek, and was taken prisoner at Yorktown ; lieut.-col. in 1789; served in Flanders; app. lieut.-gov. Up- per Canada in 1799 ; lieut.-gen. Jan. 1, 1805; gen. June 4, 1814; M. P. for Beverley, 1796- 1806. — PItiUpart. Burton, Maj.-Gen. Ralph; d. 1768. lieut.-col. 48th Foot, Oct. 14, 1754, and wound- ed at Braddock's defeat ; com. the 3d brigade in the e.\ped. against Louisburg in 1758; was wounded at the capture of Quebec ; com. the reserve at the Plains of Abraham ; was made lieut.-gov. of Quebec, brig. -gen. in 1 760, and maj.-gen. July 10, 1762. In Gen. Murray's operations at the reduction of Montreal, he com. the 1st brigade. — O'Callar/han. Burton, Col. Robert, Revol. officer, b. 1747, Mecklenburg Co., Va. ; d. Granville Co., N. C., 1825. He was a planter, and moved to Granville ab. 1775. Member of the Old Con- gress, 1787-8. Commissioner on boundary line between N. and S. Carolina and Ga., in 1801. Burton, Warren, author and clergyman, b. Wilton, N. H., Nov. 13, 1800 ; d. Salem, Ms., June 6, 1866. H. U. 1821. His grand- father was one of the first settlers of Wilton, a soldier in the French war, and an officer of the Revol. war. He studied at the Cambridge Theol. School, was ord. 5 Mar. 1828, at East Cambridge, Ms., but, after a brief ministry, devoted himself to objects of reform, still con- tinuing to preach occasionally. He was a min- ister at large in Boston, from 1844 to 1848. Chaplain of the Worcester prison in 1849, to the State senate in 1852, to the house in 1858 and 1860, and to the State convention in 1853. He labored to promote true culture, to raise the condition of schools, ancf especially to secure universal attention to the sphere of home education, by lectures, meetings for dis- cussion, and through the newspaper press. His publications are, " Cheering Views of Man and Providence ; " " Uncle Sam's Recommen- dationsofPhrenology," 1842 ; "District School as it was ; " " Helps to Education in the Homes of our Country," 1863 ; " Scenery Showing, or Word-Paintings of the Beautiful, Pictur- esque, and Grand in Nature ; " " My Religious Experience at my Native Home," 1829 ; " Es- say on the Divine Agency in the Matefial Uni- verse," besides articles in annuals and periodi- cals. Burton, William Evans, comedian and author, b. London, Sept. 1802; d. N. Y., Feb. 10, 1860. Intended for the church, he received a classical education, but, at the age of 1 8, took charge of bis father's printing-office, and edited a monthly magazine. After acting several years on the Norwich circuit, he appeared with success at the Haymarket in 1832. He wrote several dramatic pieces, one of which, " Ellen Wareham," was played at 5 theatres in Lon- don on the same evening. He made his dibut at the Arch-st. Theatre, Phila., as " Dr. 011a- pod," Sept. 3, 1834, appearing first in N.Y. at a complimentary benefit to Woodworth, in 1839. He was the lessee of theatres in the chief At- lantic cities, residing principally in Phila. and N.Y. In Phila., he built the " National," and started in 1837 the Gentlemen's Magazine. He was proprietor of the Opera House, NY., when burnedin 1841. In 1847, he purchased Palmo's Opera House, in Chambers Street, where he managed dramatic performances with popular favor 10 years. In 1856, he purchased the Met- ropolitan Theatre on Broadway, to which his name was attached. The part of " Toodles " was one of his specialties. He was very success- ful as a manager and performer, and was unri- valled in a wide range of eccentric and comic parts. An excellent Shaksperian scholar, he possessed a very full Shaksperian library. He edited for several years the Lilerari/ Souvenir, and compiled in 1858 a " Cyclopsedia of Wit and Humor," 2 vols, royal 8vo. He was a man of unsullied integrity and great generosity. Bush, Maj. George, Revol. officer of Del. ; d. ab. 1794. His bro. Maj. Lewis fell at the battle of Brandywine, Sept. U, 1777. Wil- liam S. BnsH, lieut. of marines, nephew of George and Lewis, killed in the action between the frigates " Constitution " and " Guerriere," Aug. 19, 1812. Bush, Ret. George, an eminent Sweden- borgian divine and author, b. Norwich, Vt., June 12, 1796; d. Rochester, N.Y., Sept. 19, 1859. Dartm. Coll. 1818. He studied theol- ogy at the Princeton Sem., made a brief mis- sionary tour in Indiana, and was pastor of a Presb. church in Indianapolis, from 1824 to 1829. Elected in 1831 prof, of Hebrew and Oriental literature in the U. of N.Y., he first became known as an author by his popular " Life of Mohammed," 1832. He afterwards pub, " Scriptural Illustrations," " Treatise on the Millennium," 1833 ; " New Church Miscel- lanies," 1 855 ; " Priesthood and Clergy un- ktiown to Christianity," 1857 ; " Hebrew Gratn- mar," 1835 ; in 1840 commenced a series of Bible commentaries in 7 vols.; " Anastasis," 1844, and edited the Sierophant, a monthly mag., in 1844. In his work on mesmerisiri, 1847, he deems it a confirmation of the truth of Sweden- borg's revelations. He was a man of simple manners, genial and kind. Embracing the doc- trines of Swedenborg, he became pastor of the New Jerusalem Church, N.Y., in 1845, and be- came editor of the New Church Re/iositori/, to develop and maintain the principles of that philosopher. He finally became a Spiritualist. A vol. of Memoirs of Bush, hy W. M. Fernald, appeared in 1860. Bushnell, David, inventor, b. Saybrook, Ct., ab. 1754; d. Warrenton, Ga., 1824. Y.C. 1775. During the Revol., he turned his mind to the invention of a machine for blowing up BITS 148 vessels : he maile one ca]ialile of conveyin;^ an operator, with I (JO lbs. of powder, wliicli was trieii in vain on " Tlie Eaijle," a British G4 i,'un- ship lyinpc in N.Y. harlior. An aeconnt of this machine is fonnd in Sillinian's Journal for 1820 Bushnell prepared a large number of machines in kep:s to be floated by the tide upon the British vessels lying in the river at Phila., the result of which attempt oecjisioned the bal- lad of the " Battle of the Ke^'S," by Hopkin- son. He became a capt. in the army, and af- ter the war went to France. Returning, he was several years at the head of one of the most respectable schools of Ga , and later set- tled at Warren ton, as a practitioner of physic, where he was known as Dr. Bush. Bushnell, Hor.\ce, D.D. (Wesl. U. 1842), Cong, divine and author, b. Litchfield, Ct., 1802. "Y.C. 1827. At one time literary ed. of the N. Y. .Jiwmnl of Commerce, then a teacher in ili' \ : 'i .\' il : tuiMr at Yale in 1829-,?!. r. \i i I-::, pi-tor of the North Colli; 1 i^ :'-hI, Ct.; an elo- quent prearhcr. mhl 1 .:,.: iij. pliilos. essayist. In 1837, hedeliven.i ai .\ llixii n I'lii I'i.ta Kappa oration on tho ■' I'l iii.iplr, of X,\ii(iii:il Greatness." He also jmli. " ( 'lui-tiaii Xm- ture," 1847; " God in Cliii-r." I-^l'.i. and a defence of it, entitled " Christian TheoloLry," in 1851 ; " Sermons for the New life," 1858 ; " Nature and the Supernatural," 1853 ; " Work and Play," 1864 ; " Christ and his Salvation," 1864; "'The Vicarious Sacrifice," 1865, and " WoiTian's Suffrage, the Keforin against Na- ture." Also a contrib. to theiV^. Enijlander unA other periodicals. Bushyhead, Jesse, chief -justice of the ChcroUocs ; d. at the mission in the Cherokee nation. West, July 17, 1844. He was a self- made man, acquired great distinction among his tribe, and tilled with fidelity many public trusts. Bussey, Benjamin, a benefactor of H.U., b. Canton, IMs., March 1, 1757; d. Roxbury, Jan. 13, 1842. At 18, he enlisted as a soldier in the Revol. army, and was at the capture of Burgoyne. At age of 22, he m., commenced business as a silversmith in Dedliam, with a capital of $10, and in 1782 removed to Bos- ton ; where, engaging in foreign commerce, he acquired a fortune. Me left a widow, one grandchild, and some great grandchildren. On the death of the last survivor, the whole of this estate, estimated at 8350,000, will pass to Har- vard University, one half to endow a Farm School, for instruction in practical agricul- ture, &c., the other half to be devoted to the support of the law and divinity schools. Bustamente (boos-ta-miin'-ta), Anasta- sis, pi-es. of M xico, b. in Guadalajara, 1782; d. St. Miguel de Allende. 1851. At 21, he re- ceived the iliploma of M.D., began practice in San Luis Potosi, and was family physician to Calleja, viceroy of Mexico. On the 'breaking- out of the revol. of 1810, he fought in behalf of the Spanish Govt. ; but the cruelty of Cal- leja made him a patriot. When, Feb. 24, 1821, Iturhide pronounced against the Span- ish Govt., Bustamente was one of the first to sustain him. Iturhide made him gen. of div., and com. of the interior provinces, which office he held till called totbe vice-pres.of the republic, Dec. .31, 1829. He took part against Guerrero, and in Dec. 1830, Santa Ana having headed a draza, lir ■■ '■ ^in after OVi-lll \ll li\- S;i:i!.l .\li:i, w'l-i l,:iii).!li>d him. He visited France, but, on the outbreak of Texas in 1836, returned to Mexico; in 1837-41 was again pres., excepting a short interval in 1839, but was again overthrown and banished by Santa Aiia. He fled to Eu- rope, resided some time in Genoa, but, on the fall of Santa Ana in 1845, again returned to Mexico, and served his country in many offices till his death. Under his administration, the republic prospered. Bustamente, don Caklos Maria de, Mexican arcli;i;olo-ist. b. Mexico, ab. 1790. Author..! •■>M(,.''ral M.nr.||-n,, 1 !„.<),, v;,, .a Countrv," I 1 , ) ; , i: I : . M,M, its A: Wst. 1826. Butler, Andrew Pickens, U.S. from 1846 to his d., Edgefield dist., S.C, 25 May, 1857 ; b. there 18 Nov. 1796. S.C. Coll. 1817. Son of Gen. Win., a gallant Revol. soldier of Va. Adni. to tlir liar in 1818, and attn ■ of the 1833, l.«3 46; chairman of the senate jn liciaiy cdtn., he m.ade an elaborate speech "u ri]Mii nn- the fugitive slave law, and was ci.n-ii.Minas on the Kansas and other important iiuL>tions ; his last speech being a reply to Mr. Sumner, and a defence of S.C. Butler, Benjamin F., a politician and law- yer of N.Y., b. Kinderhook, Dec. 15, 1795 ; d. "Paris, France, Nov. 8, 1858. He was a lineal descendant of Oliver Cromwell on his moth- ^ cr's side. Ho studied law with Martin Van Buren, and, on his adm. to the bar in 1817, be- came his partner, and was dist.-atty. of Al- bany in 1821-5. He served in the State assemblv, and, with .John Diier and J. C. S,,„„^r.," vr-y].,..] f|,.. .-it.tw.. of NJ.Y. He was r^:i"'- : ■■' [■■!■ I . ! ■ . II ' ! -■;|— i),alsoact- r , . I : ' - , ' I, : : , . , \|:„rh, 1837; r,> .11-1 -::ll., i.., : ,■ o.., ■:. :,, A, A. Of N.Y. It-.J.— 41. 11- U tl il- ll.oii-.. ■ ■■■/"liarrniint of the Xrl.la^k.l i.lll, ioin..| I , i: ■ I,! . , :inil voted for l-"lrin..!it. K'-mi., . : :mii, he also ]>crlonnrd tllr dllli. . . .l |:| m. .|,:ii |,n,t'. of law in the U. of N.Y., whiuli insiiiuiion lie was instrumental in estalilisliing. — ^ee Life and Opinions of, by ]V. L. Mnrkemif. Butler, Benjamin Franklin, lawyer and politician, b. Deerfield, N.H., Nov. 5, 1818. Waterville Coll., Me., 1838. Zephaniah, his grandfather, was a Revol. officer. He studied law at Lowell, Ms. ; was adm. to the bar in 1841, and practised law in Ms. until April, 1861, with high rciputation, especially in crim- inal cases. He became identified with the Democ. party, was active in politics ; was a 149 member of the Mass. legisl. in 1853, and of the State senate in 1859-60, of the Const. Conv. of 1853, and in 1S60 was a delegate to the Democ. pres. convention at Charleston, and afterward at Baltimore, in which ho supported the nomination of Breckinridge. As brig.- gen. of Ms. militia, April 17, 1351, he marched with the Ms. 8th regt. to Annapolis, brought out the frigate " Constitution," and was placed in com. of the dept. of Annapolis, including the city of Baltimore; made maj.-gen. of vols. May 16, and transferred to the com. of Fortress Monroe, and the dept. of Eastern Va. ■To some slaves who came to the fort for protec- tion, Butler applied the famous ph traband of war." Aug. 22, lie pioc an exped. against Fori s IIiii i, ,i;i the coast of N.C., whirl, : :: ■ , r, then organized an ex|ii i. New Orleans; left B.i, I ;. j- on the surrender uf l\.,t Si I'hM, Jackson to FlaL:-iirhirr I';iira^iii, .\ cd with "ark on I. He II. v. of took He was removed in .Nov. 18132. In the latter part of 1863, he obtained com. of the dept. of Va. and N.C. He operated on the south side of the James River against Richmond, in- trenching himself at City Point and Bermuda Hundred, 5 May, 1864. Ho was attacked on the 16th near Drury's Bluff, and forced back to his intrenchments, so that he could not take the offensive. He com. the land force in the unsuccessful exped. against Fort Fisher in Dec. 1864. M.C. 1866-71 ; one of the mana- gers of the impeachment of Pres. Johnson, 1868. — &e Parton's Butler in New Orleans; Grei'lei/'s Ainer. Conflict. Butler, Caleb, b. Pelham, N.H., Sept. 13, 1776 ; d. Groton, Ms., Oct. 7, 1854. Dartm. Coll. 1800. Studied law in Groton, and was the principal instructor of the Gi'oton Acad, for U years. He pub. a Masonic oration, 1816 ; " Facts, &c., as to Affairs in Groton," 1827 ; " Review reviewed," 1850, " History of Groton," 1848. Butler, EzEA, statesman, d. Waterbury, Vt., July 19. 1838, a. 76. In Sept. 1786, he came from Weathersfield, Vt., and settled in Waterbury. He was of the Jeffersonian school in polities ; was 11 years a member of the as- sembly; 15 3'ears of ihe council ; first jud;,'e of Chittenden Co. Court, 1803-6; chief-justice, 1806-11; ch.-jus. of JefTerson Co., 1814-25; M.C. 181.3-15"; member of the Vt. Const. Conv. 1822; gov. ofVt. 1826-8. He was 53 years in the public service, beside the town offices he held at home. — Dfjninij's Vt. Officers. Butler, Col. John, a Tory leader of the Revol., b. Ct. ; d. Niagara, 1794. Before the war, he was in official connection with the Johnsons, and com. a militia regt. in Tryon Co., N.Y. In 1776, he organized a band of marauders, who dressed and painted like In- dians, but who were chiefiy American traitors and vagabonds in disguise. He was active in the predatory warfare which so long disturbed Tryon Co. ; was at the battle of Uriskany in Aug. 1777; com. the 1,100 men who desolated Wyoming in July, 1778; was among those who opposed Sullivan's exped. to the Indian country in 1779, and accomp. Sir John John- son's raid on the Schoharie and Mohawk set- tlements in 1780. After the war, he went to Canada, and was richly rewarded by the Bri- tish Govt., succeeding, in part, to the agency of Indian affairs, long held bv the Johnsons ; and, ab. 1794, had a salary of £500 per annum, and a military pension of £200 more. His son Walter, a major in the British service, killed in battle in 1781, was a man of ferocious and brutal character. Butler, Mann, author of a " History of Kentucky;" d. in Nov. 1835, in consequence of a r.iilroad accident in Mo. Heeraig. to Ky. in 1805, and pub. his liistory at Louisville in 1834. Butler, Gen. Percival, 4th of the Butler bros., b. Pa., 1760; d. Port William, Ky., Sept. U, 1821. The'bros. Richard, William, Thomas, Percival, and Edward, all served witii dist. in the Revol., and the succeeding Indian wars. Capt. in the Revol. army. He was Morgan's second in com. at Saratoga, and com. in the conflict with Col. Simcoe at Spen- cer's Ordinary, June 25, 1781, and served at the siege of Yorktown. After the war, he removed to Jessamine Co., Ky., and was adju- tant-gen. in the War of 1812. Butler, Pierce, senator, b. Ireland, 1744; d. Phila., Feb. 15, 1822. He was of the family of the Dukes of Ormond; was made a lieut. 46th regt. Aug. 18, 1761 ; capt. 29th in July, 1762 ; major in April, 1766, and was stationed in Boston, but resigned before the Revol., and settled in S.C. He was a member of the Old Congress in 1787 from S.C; in 1788 of the convention which framed the Federal Constitu- tion, and was a senator from S.C. in 1789-96 and 1802-4. Director in the U.S. Bank. His wife,dau. of Col. Middleton of Charleston, S.C, whom be m. in 1768, d. 1790. Butler, CoL. Pierce M., soldier and statesman, b. Edgefield dist., S.C, April 11, 1798; killed Aug. 20, 1847, in battle of Churu- husco, Mexico. Son of Gen. Wm. Butler, and bro. of Senator A. P. Butler. Lieut. 4th Inf., Aug. 13, 1819; capt. Dec. 1825; resigned Oct. 1, 1829; became cashier and subsequently pres. of the State Bank at Columbia; lieut.- col. of Goodwin's mounted vols, in Fla. war, Feb. 17, 1836; gov. of S.C. 1836-8; U.S. agent for the Cherokees west of the Mpi. ; re- moved by Mr. Polk, who app. him to treat with the Comanche Indians ; made col. of the Palmetto regt. in the Mexican war. Dee. 22, 1846, in com. of which he was disting. and twice wounded. Butler, Richard, nftjor-gen., b. Ireland ; killed Nov. 4, 1791. He came to Amer. before 1760; was made lieut.-eol. Pa. line at the begin- ning of the war, in the spring of 1777 was lieut.-col. of Morgan's rifle corps, and disting. himself on many occasions. While with Lafay- etta's detachment near Williamsburg, Va., June 26, 1781, he attacked Col. Simeoe's rangers, gaining the advantage. He held the rank of col. 9th Pa. regt. at the close of the war ; was agent for Indian affairs in 0., ab. 1787, and in the exped. of St. Clair against the Indians in 1791, com. theright wing, with the rank of maj.-gen.; attacked early in the morning of Nov. 4, he 150 repeatedly charged the enemy, but received several severe wounds, and finally was toma- hawked and scalped. Butler, Col. Thomas, 3d of the Butler bros., b. Pa., 1754; d. N. Orleans, Sept. 7, 1805. In 1776, while studying law with judge Wilson of Phila., he joined the army, soon ob- tained a company; was in almost every action in the Middle States during the Revol., and was wounded. At the Brandy wine, Sept. 11, 1777, he received the thanks of Washington on the field for intrepidity in rallying a retreating detachment. At Monmouth, he received the thanks of Wayne, for defending a defile in the face of a heavy fire, while Col. Richard But- ler's regt. withdrew. After the war, he retired to a farm, but in 1791 was made major, com. a batt. from Carlisle in Gibson's regt., under St. Clair, at whose defeat, Nov. 4, he was twice wounded. His leg had been broken by a ball. His elder bro. Richard was killed, and he was with difficulty removed by his surviving bro. Edward. Maj. 4th sub legion, April 11,1792; lieut.-col. com. July 1, 1794 ; col. 2d Inf., Apr. 1802. William, second of the bros., lieut.-col. 4th Pa. regt. Revo!, army, made an exped. in Oct. 1778, into the Indian settlements at Una- dilla and Anaguaga, which were destroyed. An acL-ount of this exped. was pub. Butler, William, lieut.-col. 38th British regt. at Bunker's Hill battle ; d. Bristol, Eng., in July, 1796. Butler, Gen. William, Revol. soldier and politician, b. Prince William Co., Va., 1759; d. Columbia, S.C, Nov. 15, 1821. Son of James Butler, who, while com. a party of Whigs, was captured and afterward murdered by the notorious Cunningham. Grad. atS.C. Coll. as a student of medicine. He became a lieut. in Lincoln's army in 1779 ; was engaged at Stono, and served in the famous corps of Pulaski until the death of the latter. Butler next joined Gen. Pickens, subsequently served with Gen. Lee, under Greene, at the siege of Ninety-Six, and was detached on several sepa- rate services requiring celerity, courage, and vigilance. He at length rose to a command of mounted rangers, and took part in many affairs with the Tories. He was soon after the war made a brig.-gen., and, in 1796, major-gen. of militia. M.C. 1801-11. He was a member of the convention of 1787 to consider the adop- tion of the Federal Constitution, and, with Gen. Sumter and others, voted against it. He was subsequently a member of the conven tion which passed the present constitution of S.C. ; was for some time a member of the Icgisl. ; sheriff in 1794, and at one tfme served as a magistrate. In the War of 1812, he com. the S.C. troops for State defence. Father of Senator A. P. Butler and Pierce M. Butler. He was large and handsome in person, a bold rider, and had a great passion for horses. Butler, William Allen, lawyer and poet,, b. Albany, N.Y., 1825. U. of N.Y. 1843. He studied law in the oflSce of his father. Hon. B. F. Butler, travelled in Europe from 1846 to 1848, and has since been actively engaged in the practice of law in N.Y. City. He pub. in 1846 a poem, entitled "The Fu- ture ; " has contrib. many papers in prose and verse to the Democratic Bfvieiv, to the Art Union Bulletin, The Cities of Art and the Rnh, Artists, and to the Literanj World, Out-ot-the- Waji Places in Europe, a few pleasant sketclies of travel, and several humorous pajjers in prose and verse, entitled Tlie Colonel's Club. In 1856, he pub. " Barnum's Parnassus," a vol. similar to the " Rejected Addresses ; " in 1857, the poem of " Nothing to Wear ; " a new poem, entitled "Two Millions," in 1858, and " Martin Van Buren, Lawyer, Statesman, and Man," \S&2. — Du;ickinck. Butler, Gen. William Orl.\ndo, soldier and politician, b. Jessamine Co., Ky., 1793. Son of Gen. Percival Butler. He was'libenilly educated, and designed for the bar ; licut. 2d Inf., Sept. 28, 1812 ; wounded and made pris- oner at the River Raisin ; afterward served with distinction under Jackson, at New Orleans, and was brev. major, Dec. 23, 181 4 ; aide to Jack- son, rank of lieut.-col., in 1816-17. He pr.ac- tised law in Ky. for the next 25 years ; M.C. 1839-43; Democ. candidate for gov. of Ky. in 1844, and also an unsuccessful candidate for vice-pres. in 1848. Mademaj.-gen. of vols, for the Mexican war, June 29, 1846; disting. and wounded in the battle of Monterey, Sept. 21, 1846, for which he was presented by Con- gress with a sword ; succeeded Gen. Scott in com. of the army in the Valley of Mexico, in Feb. 1848. App. gov. of Nebr. Terr, by Pres. Pierce, declined. Author of some fugitive poems of merit, among which "The Boatman's Horn " attained popularity. Member of the peace congress in 1861. Butler, Col. Zebhlon, Revol. officer, b. Lyme, Ct., 1731 ; d. Wilkesbarre, Pa.,28July, 1795. He served in the French war and in the exped. to Havana, and rose to lie a capt. in 1761. In 1769, he settled at Wyoming, Pa. ; lieut.-col. Ct. line, serving in N.J.. in 1777-8; col. 13 Mar. 1778 ; and 3 July, 1778 com. the weak garrison at Wyoming at the time of the massacre, which he was unable to prevent. He aecomp. Sullivan in his Indian exped. in 1779, and served with distinction throughout the war. — Miner's Wyominrf. Butterfleld, Daniel, maj.-gen. vols., b. Oneida Co., N.Y., Oct. 1831 . Un. Coll. 1849. He was a merchant in N.Y. City, and col. 12th regt. N.Y. militia when the civil war broke out. Accompanying his regt. to Washington in July, he joined Gen. Patterson on the Upper Potomac, and com. a brigade. Lieut.-col. 12th U.S. Inf., May 14, 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. Sept. 7, 1861, ami assigned to the army corps of Fitz- John Porter, in which he made the campaign of the peninsula. He took part in the great battles under Pope and McClcllan in Aug. and Sept. 1862, and, near the close of Oct., took command of Morell's division. Maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; col. 5th Inf., July 1, 1863 ; com. 5th corps at battle of Fredericksburg, Va. ; chief of staff. Army of the Potomac, at Chan- cellorsville and at Gettysburg, where he was wounded ; ordered to re-enforce Rosecrans' Army of the Cumberland, Oct. 1863 ; chief of staff to Hooker at Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ringgold, and Pea Vine Creek, Ga. ; com" a division of 20th corps at battles of Buz- zard's Roost, Resaca, Dallas, New Hope BUT 151 Church, Kenesaw, and Lost Mountain, Ga., and brev. bri;;. and maj. gen. for gallant and merit, conduct Author of " Camp and Out- po.st Duty," 1862. Sutton, Sir Thomas, nn oarly English navigator and explorer of till' X i; rn;i,t()fN. Araer. He sailed in IGIJ «nii •_■ v. ,.>',,•• Tlie Resolution" and " The Dim mvli v ; " i^issed through Hudson's Straits, and was ilie lirst to reach land on the western coast of the bay, in lat. 62°, and named it Carey's Swan's Nest. A river was first named by him Nelson's, after the master of his ship. He wintered there, and during the next summer explored and named several places on the coast of Hudson's Bay, and, advancing to lat. 65°, became convinced of the possibility of the north-west passage. He was knighted" for his services. ButtriCk, Col. John, one of the leaders of the Concord militia on the memorable 19th of April, 1775; d. Concord, May 16, 1791, a. 60. Byfleld, Nathaniel, judge, b. Long Bit- ten, Sussex, Eng., 1653 ; d. Boston, June 6, 1733. Richard his father was one of the Westminster Assembly divines ; his mother, a sister of Bishop Ju.xon. He arrived in Boston in 1674, became an eminent merchant, and one of the 4 proprietors and principal settler of the town of Bristol, R.I. He returned to Boston in 1724 ; was speaker of the H. of representa- tives ; 38 years judge of flie C. C. P. tor Bris- tol Co., of Suffolk Co., 1730-32; was many years member of the council, and judge of the vice-admiralty in 1704-15 and in 1729. He pub. an account of the late Revolution in N. England, in 1689. — .:l//e«. Byles, Mather, D.D., Cong, clergyman, and wit, b. Boston, March 26, 1706; d. there July 5, 178S. H. U. 1725. Ord. over the church in Hollis Street, Dec. 20, 1733. He was disting. among his contemporaries for literary taste and for solid learning. He received fiora the U. of Aberdeen, in 1765, the degree of D.D. The correspondent of Pope and Swift, he himself pub. a vol. of miscellaneous poems in 1736. His reputation, however, rests upon his wit, cheerful flow of spirits, and conversa- tion. He had, however, just claims to regard as a pulpit orator; and his pub. sermons evince a fine imagination, great skill and com. of lan- guage ( nbined with terseness of expression. maintained his loyalty during the troubled ante-revol. period in Boston. In Aug. 1776, at the age of 70, his connection with his parish was on this account dissolved. The next year, he was denounced in town-meeting as an ene- my to the country, tried, and condemned to imprisonment in a guard-ship, and to subse- quent exile. This sentence was afterwards commuted. A sentinel was placed before his door, but was afterwards withdrawn, and finally replaced. Released soon after, he alluded to these changes of treatment, saying that " he had been guarded, regarded, and disregarded." His two daughters lived unmarried to a great age, and to the last were stanch lovalists. The last survivor d. Boston, 1837. His son Math- er, D.D., formerly a Cong, clergyman in New London, Ct., became an Episcopalian in 1768, was several years rector of Christ Church, Bos- ton, left that place with the Tories, and d. rector of a church in St. John's, March 12, 1814. He was a man of learning and abilitv, ar.d received from Oxford the honorary degree of D.D. H.U. 1751. B.Jan. 12, 1735. Byrd, Col. William, a disting. Virginian, b. Westover, March 28, 1674; d. Aug. 26, 1744. Born to an ample fortune, and liberally edu- cated, having been called to the bar in the Middle Temple, Lond., he became the patron of science and literature in Va. He stui iiive." Made capt. 30 Dec., 17 1 I I i:;.); sent with a fleet to de- niihi-:, ;li I'll :i;i. iiioiis of Louisburg in 1760. PlacL'd in com, of an exped. to the South Sea, he circumnavigated the globe, 21 June, 1764-May, 1760, an account of which is in Hawksworth's Coll. of Voyages. Com. in chief at Newfoundland, 1769. Com. in the West Indies during the Amer. war, and 6 July, 1779, fought a severe battle with D'Estaing oflF Granada, and was promoted to vice-adm. Cabell, Col. Samuel Jordan, a Revol. officer ; d. Nelson Co., Va,, Sept. 4, 1818, a. 61. Eldest son of Wm. C. of Union Hill. He left Wm. and Mary Coll. at the beginning of the war, rose to the rank of lieut.-col. in the Cont. army, and at the fall of Charleston, May 12, 1780, he became a prisoner until the close of the war. He was many years a member of the assembly, a member of the Va. convention to ratify the Federal Constitution, and M.C. in 1795-1803. Cabell, Col. William, statesman, of Union Hill, Va., b. March, 1730; died early in 1798. Wm., his father, formerly a surgeon in the British navy, came to Va. in 17:iO, and settled on James River, where he d. in 1774. The son received a good education, was long a member of the House of Burgesses ; county lieut. ; member of all the conventions before CAJB 152 CAB that of May, 1776, in which he was one of the committee to draft a declaration of rights and a plan of government. He was a member of the committee of safety ; charged with the civil and military control of the colony ; a mem- ber of the State senate from Amherst district, and was subsequently a member of the house of delegates and of the convention to ratify the Federal Constitution. His brothers Joseph, John, and Nicholas, were all active patriots. — Griijsbi/. Cabell, William H., son of Nicholas, and nephew of \Vm., gov. of Va., 1805-S ; d. Rich- mond, Jan. 17, 1853. He was pres. of the Court of Appeals after being gov., and 50 years in public life. Cabeza de Vaea (kaba'-tha da va'-Ua), Alvak Nunez, a Spaniard, who explored the River La Plata in 1540. Cabot, George, statesman, b. Salem, Dec. 3, 1752; d. Boston, April 18, 1823. After pass- ing two years at H. U., he went to sea for a short time, and then engaged in the mercantile profession, in which ho was very eminent and successful. Before he was 26, he opposed, in the Prov. Congress of Ms., the attempt to es- tablish a maximum price for the sale of pro- visions ; thus early manifesting his correct views of political economy. Member of the State Const. Conv.. and also of that which ratified the Coubtituiion of the U. S. U. S. senator in 1791-6, becoraingone of the confidential friends i»f Washington and Hamilton, to the latter of whom he was an able coadjutor in the forma- tion of his financial system. He received, May 3, 1798, the app. of sec. of the navy, which he declined; was in 1808 a member of the council of Ms. ; in 1814 a delegate to the convention which met at Hartford, and was pres. of that body. He was a leader of the Federal party, and exercised great influence upon public opinion. Cabot (kab'-ut), John, discoverer of the North-American continent. March 23, 1476, denization was granted him in Venice, after the usual residence of 1 5 years. In 1495, he resided at Bristol, with his wife, a Venetian, and 3 sons, and as early as 1491 had sent from that city an exped. in search of " Brazil and the Seven Cities." Mar. 5, 1496, John and his 3 sons obtained a patent from Henry VII., au- thorizing them to search for islands, provinces, or regions in the eastern, western, or northern seas, and to occupy the territories that might be found, with an exclusive right to their com- merce, on paying the king a fifth of all profits. Accompanied by his son Sebastian, he sailed in May, 1497, in a single vessel, 700 leagues west, and June 24, 1497, saw the land, which he reported to have been a part of a continent. A letter of that year states that he sailed 300 leagues along the coast, landed, and planted on the soil the banners of England and Venice. He reached Bristol in Aug., and was favorably re- ceived by the king, who granted him special au- thority to impress 6 English ships, and to enlist volunteers, Feb. 3, 1498. Of his subsequentca- reer nothing is known. — See the Venetim Ar- chives; the Patent granted him 1496; the License 1498 ; a Letter, dated Aug. 23, 1497, /rom Lorenzo Pasqualigo, a merchant at London, to his brothers at Venice ; and the Legend on the map of Sebastian Cabot cited in Ilakliii/t. Cabot, Sebastian, discoverer of the coast- line of the U. S. as far south as the Chesa- peake, b. ah. 1472 ; d. ab. 1557. Son of the preceding. At the age of 17, Sebastian had acquired skill in mathematics, and had made several voyages. In May, 1497, pursuant to letters-patent obtaMKcl from Ih'nry VII., Julm and Sebastian sailed t.j tin' we^t, iliMnvLiinn', in June, Newfoundland, whici] ilnv .xplinril as far as latitude 67°. lu .May, U'JS.'wiili 2 .^Inps, and a large company of vols., from Bristol, he sailed in search of a short north-western passage to China and Japan. He reached the main- land of N. A., landed in several places, and saw natives clad in the skins of beasts, and making use of copper. The discoveries of the Cabots were so little valued, that the family sutfered the patent granting them the exclusive privi- le.ge of trade to be lost. In 1512, he went to Spain by invitation of King Ferdinand, until whose death, in 1516, he cnjovrd lionur and emolument. In the reign of Henry VIII,, he procured another ship for discovery, and in 1517 attempted a southern passage to the East Indies, in which he failed. He then visited Spain, where he was well treated, and app, pi- lot-major by Charles V. He soon after received from a company of merchants the command of an exped, to tlie Spice Islands, through the recently-discovered Straits of Magellan. In April, 1525, he accordingly sailed from Cadiz to the Canaries and Cape de Verde Islands ; and failing, from the opposition of his crew, in his plan of reaching the Spice Islands, he pro- ceeded to the River La Plata, where he discov- ered St. Salvador, and erected a fort. He af- terwardsjvisited the great River Paraguay, and endeavored for some time to form an establish- ment on the Amer. coast; but, disappointed in the expected aid from Spain, he returned home, where he met with an unfavorable reception. Ho returned to England near the close of 1 548. A pension was settled upon him by Edward VI., as grand pilot of England, and he was thenceforward consulted on all questions of navigation; and in 1552, being gov. of the company of raerchant-adventnrors, he drew up instructions, and procured a lironso, fur an ex- ped. to discover a northern passa.ije to the East Indies. He first noticed the variation of the compass ; and, besides the ordinances preserved in Hakluyt, he pub. a large map of the world, and " Navagazione nelle parte Septentrionale," He was also gov. of the Russian company, and was very active in their affairs. The best work on Sebastian Cabot is the Memoir by Richard Biddle, 8vo, 1831. Cabral, Pedro Alvarez de, the princi- pal discoverer of Brazil, b Portugal ; d. ab. 1526. King Emanuel having fitted out an ex- ped. to Calicut of 13 ships, Cabral was app. , com. in chief. After passing the Canaries, he took a westerly course, resulting in the discov- ery of Brazil, of which, Apr. 24, 1500, betook possession in the name of his king. He then sailed for India, losing half his fleet in a tem- pest, landed at Calicut, and succeeded, after negotiating with the Indian princes, in estab- lishing a factory there. CAJD 153 Cadwalader (cailwol'-a-dcr), Georgk, raaj.-gen. vols., son of Gen. Thomas, grandson of Gen. John, b. Phila. He studied and prac- tised law in Phila., and, on the breaking-out of the Mexican wai', was app. brig.-gen. March 3, 1847. Disting. at El Molino, he was brev. maj.gen. for gallantry at Chapultepec. In 1861, he was app. by the gov. of Pa. maj.-gcn. of State vols. ; had coin, at Baltimore in May, and was second in com. in the force which moved on Winchester, under Gen. Patterson, in June. Apr. 25, 1862, he wa-s app. maj.-gen. of vols. One of the commission to revise the military laws and regulations, Dec. 17, 1862. His " Services in the Mexican Campaign of 1847" was pub. Phila., Svo, 1848. Cadwalader, John, gen., son of Dr. Thomas, b. Phila., 1743; d. Shrewsbury, Pa., Feb. 10, 1786. He was a member of the Pa. convention in 1775; an active member of the committee of safety, and com., in Phila., " The Silk Stocking Company," of which nearly all the members were app. to commissions in the army. He was afterward made col. of oneof the city battalions; was pr was intrusted with the com. of the Pa. militia, and co-operated in the attack on the Hessians at Trenton. He took part in the l)attle of Prince- ton, Jan. 3, 1777. He acted with his com. as a vol. at Brandywine, Germantown, and Mon- mouth. In the autumn of 1777, at the request of Washington, he assisted in organizing the militia of the eastern shore of Md. After the disgrace of Gen. Conway, he was called to ac- count by Cadwalader for some offensive re- marks in reference to Washington. In the duel which followed, Conway was severely wounded. After the war, Gen. Cadwalader removed to Md., and was a member of the legisl. His dan. Fanny, in 1800, m. D. M. Erskine, after- wards Baron Erskine. His grandson. Gen. George Cadwalader, disting. himself in the Mexican war. He pub. a reply to Gen J. Reed's " Remarks," 1783. Cadwalader, Col. Lambert, M. C. 1789-91 and 1793-5, b. Trenton, N.J., 1741; d. there S^pt. 13, 1823. He com a Pa. regt. in the Revol. ; assisted in the defence of Fort Washington, Nov. 16, 1776; was taken prison- er at its capture, and retired to his estates, near Trenton. Member of the Old Congress, 1784-7. Cady, Albemahle, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., h. N.H. West Point, 1829. Entering the 6th Inf., he became capt. 7 Julv, 1838 ; major, 27 Jan. 1853 ; lieut.-col 7th Inf., 6 June, 1861 ; col. 8th Inf., 20 Oct. 1863; retired, 18 May, 1864 ; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. He served ill the Florida war, 1838-42; in the Mexican war, 1846-8; was at the siege of Vera Cruz, battles of Cerro Gordo, Churubusco, and Mo- lino del Rey, where he was wounded, and brev. mnj. 8 Sept. 1847 ; and in the Sioux exped. was engaged in action of Blue Water, Dak., 3 Sept. 1855. — Cullum. Cahill, Rev. Daniel William, D.D., an Irish priest, chemist, astronomer, and pnlpit orator, h. Queen's Co., Ireland, 1802 ; d. Bos- ton, Oct. 27, 1864. Studied at Carlow Coll., and at Maynooth, where he was ord. Prof, of nat. hist, in Carlow Coll. Author of several pamphlets, and former editor of the Dublin Te/e,/mph. CaineS, George, reporter of the Supreme Court of N.Y. ; d. Catskill, N.Y., July 10, 1825, a. 54. He pub. "Lex Hfercatoria Ameri- cana," 1802; "Ca.^osin the Court of Errors," 2 vols., 1805-7; " Forms of the X.Y. Supreme Court," 1808; " Summarv of the Practice in the N.Y. Sup. Court," 180.^; •■Ca.-.rs in the Court for the Trial i.f lin|ir:irhni< nts," &c. 180.5-7,2 vols., Svo; -N-V. Sn|i, ( t Re- ports," 180.3-5, 3 vols., ^\-. Jl . i|., l-.._'. Caldas, Francisco Jo-c uu, naturalist, b. Popayan, N. Granada, 1770; executed by order of Morilloin 1816. By his own exertions, he acquired the rudiments of astronomy, botany, and medicine, and constructed a ba- rometer and sextant, unaided even by books. He accompanied for a time the Spani-sh explor- er, J. C. Mutis. Subsequently he explored the Andes, and the Magdalen River, and in 1804 measured the height of Chimborazo and Tunguragua. After having been nominated director of the observatory at Santa Fe de Bogota, he began to edit, in 1807, the " Semi- nana de la Naeva Granada." He was employed by the Congress of New Granada to complete the flora of Bogota, when the disturbed state of public affairs interrupted the work ; and himself and colleague, Don Losano, were put to death. Caldas, Pereika de Souza Antonia, a Brazilian poet, b. Rio de Janeiro, 1762; d. 1814. He studied at Coimbra, but, on being consigned to a convent by the Inquisition, took holy orders. His wr'tings were pub. in Paris, 1821, entitled " Poesias sagradas e jirofanas," with a commentary by Gen. Stockier. A new edition of his poetical works, exclusive of his translations, was brought out in 1836. Calderon de la Barea (Frances In- glis), b. Scotland ; m. in 1838 to Don Calderon de la Barca, Spanish minister to the U.S., and subsequently to Mex. ; pub. " Life in Mexico," with a preface by Wm. H. Prescott the his- torian, in 1843. CaldiCOtt, Thomas Ford, D.D., Baptist clergyman and author, b. Buckby, Eng., 1803; d. Toronto, Canada, July 9, 1869. He emi- grated to Canada in 1824 ; removed to Hamil- ton, N.Y''., in 1831, and preached successively there, at Lockport, at Boston, and at Brooklyn, N.Y., 26 years, writing much for the periodical press during the time. From 1860 till his death, he was pastor of the Bond-st. Church, Toronto. A thorough scholar, an able writer, and an eloquent preacher. Caldwell, Charles, M.D., physician and author, b. Caswell Co., N.C., May 14, 1772; d. Louisville, Ky., July 9, 1853. The son of an Irish oiBccr. He first taught school in N.C. ; went to Phila. in 1792 ; studied and practised medicine there ; and, during the yellow-fever of 1793, particularly disting. himself. He was surgeon of a brigade during the " Whiskey Insurrection." In 1810, he filled the chair of natural history in the U. of Pa. ; was prof, of materia medica in Transyl. U. in 1818-37; and in 1837-10 in the Louisville Med. School. He translated Blumenbach's " Elements of Physiology" in 1795; pub. " Malaria," Svo, 154 iMif-nU' N.Y., 1831 ; " Unity of the Human Race," 8vo, 1830; editeil the PorfJhVio in 1814; edited " Cullen's Practice of Physic " in 1816, and in 1819 pub. his "Life of Gen. Greene." In 1855, his Autobiography appeared. He pub. " Memoirs of Horace Holley," 1828 ; and " The Royal Foundlings," a Persian tale; "Medical and Phys. Memoirs," &c., 1801; "Medical Theses," &c., 1805 ; and wrote over 200 pieces in various departments of literature and science. He wrote much upon phrenology. A bio- graphical sketch was read by Dr. B. H. Coates before the Amer. Phil. Soc. Caldwell, Charles Henbt Beomedge, capt. U.S.N., b. Hingham, Ms., June 11, 1823. Midshipra. Feb. 27, 1838 ; lieut. Sept. 4, 1852 ; com. July 16, 1862; capt. Dec. 12, 1867. With a detachment from " The Vandalia," he defeated a tribe of cannibals at Wega, one of the Fejee Islands, and burned their town, Oct. 11, 1858; com. steamer "Itasca," West Gulf block, squad, at the battle of New Orleans ; at Grand Gulf, Mpi. River, June 10, 1862 ; com. ironclad "Essex," Mpi. squadron, 1862-3; Port Hudson, from March to July, 1863, in com. of " Essex," and mortar flotilla; com. steamer " Glauc-us," N. A. B. squad., 1863-4; steamer "R. R. Cuyler," N. A. B. squad., 1864-5, and present at surrender of Wilming- ton. — Hamerslu. Caldwell, David, D.D. (U. of N.C. 1810), b. Lancaster Co., Pa., Mar. 22, 1725; d. Aug. 25, 1824. N.J.Coll. 1761. He was a house-carpenter until his 25th year; was li- censed to preach in 1763; ord. July 6, 1765, and installed pastor of Buffalo and Alamance, jilaiiuiLir N.C. He also opened a classical school, which he continued nearly 50 years, and became a skilful and successful physician. Member of the convention which met at Hali- fax, Nov. 12, 1776, and of the convention to ratify the Federal Constitution. He retired from the ministry in 1820. — See Life, bi/ E. W. CaruAers, D.D., 1842. Caldwell, Howard H., poet, b. New- bury, S.C, Sept. 20, 1831. S.C. Coll. 1851. Adm. to the bar, 1855; has since practised at Columbia. In 1853, he pub. "Oliatta and other poems." He has contrib. frequently to the periodicals of the South; and a new vol. of his poems was pub. 1858. Caldwell, James, Presb. minister and Revol. patriot, b. of Scotch parents, Charlotte Co., Va., Apr. 1734; d. Elizabethtown Point, N.J., 24 Nov. 1781. N.J. Coll. 1759. Ord. over the 1st Church at Elizabethtown, Mar. 1762. Eloquent and energetic in arousing a Revol. spirit in the people, he served in the war as chaplain, and afterward as commissary to the N.J. troops ; was the special object of the hatred of the loyalists, and was obliged to remove his family to Connecticut Farms for safety. During the frequent incursions of the enemy, the bell of his church always sounded the alarm, and raised the country. His church was burned ; his wife, Hannah Ogden, whom he had m. in 1763, was deliberately shot at and killed, 6 June, 1780, then her house fired and burnt down ; and he himself was shot by a sen- tinel who had been bribed to do the deed. A marble monumental Burlington was dedicated to their memory on the 64th anniversary of his death. His son, Johx E. of N.Y., was taken to France, and educated by Lafayette. He was a disting. philanthropist, edited the Christian Herald, and founded the Bible Society. — Spraqtie. Caildwell, Gen. John, lieut.-gov. of Ky., 1804 ; b. Prince Edw. Co., Va. D. Frank- fort, Ky., Nov. 9, 1804. He went to Ky. in 1781 ; served in the conflicts with the Indians ; became a maj.-gcn of militia ; member of the State conventions of 1787-8, and of the State senate, 1792-3. Caldwell, Joseph, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1816), b. Leamington, N.J., April 21, 1773 ; d. Chapel Hill, N.C, Jan. 24, 1835. N.J. Coll. 1791. At school, he displayed a taste for math- ematics, and that diligence and energy which characterized his subsequent career. He stu- died for the ministry, taught school, and in 1796 was chosen presiding prof, of the infant U. of N.C, also performing the duties of math- ematical prof Licensed to preach 22 Sept. 1796. In 1804, a presidency was created, to which he was chosen, and which he held until the period of his death. Upon his election to the presidency, he vacated the mathematical chair for that of moral philosophy. In 1824, he visited Europe in order to direct in person the construction of a philosophical apparatus, and to select books for the library. To him N.C. is indebted for various internal improve- ments of his suggesting, as well as to his ser- vices in the cause of education. He pub. in 1822 a treatise on geometry, and " Letters of Carlton," 1825. — Sprague. Caldwell, Samuel, gen., maj. of Ky. " levies of 1791 ; " disting. in Wilkinson's e.x- ped. against the Indians on the Wabash in Aug. 1791 ; lieut.-col. com. Ky. Vols. 1812, and in Clay's brigade under Gen. Harrison in 1813; brig. Ky. Vols. Aug. 1813, and com. a brigade in battle of the Thames, Oct. 5, 1813. — Gardner, Calef (or Calfe), Robert, merchant of Boston, famous for his opposition to the witch- craft persecution of. 1692 ; d. ab. 1723. 2d son of Robert of Roxbury, who d. Apr. 13, 1719. Such was the prevalence of the belief which he so powerfully attacked, that, un- ai)le to pub. his defence in Boston, it was print- ed in London in 1700. Its title, " More Won- ders of the Invisible World," was suggested by Cotton Mather's " Wonders of the Invisi- ble World ; " and its plain facts and common- sense arguments contrib., notwithstanding the learned and powerful were its opponents, most essentially to a change of public opinion. Dr. Increase Mather, prcs. of H. C, ordered the wicked book to be burnt in the coll. yard. The members of the Old North Church pub. a de- fence of their pastoi-s, the Mathers, entitled' "Remarks upon a Scandalous Book," &c., with the motto, " Truth will come off Conquer- or." The complete triumph of Calef turned the satire upon them ; judges and jurors con- fessed their errors ; and the people were aston- ished, and ashamed of their own follies. Jus- tice was, however, withheld from him in his day ; and traces of his unpopularity are discov- erable in several proceedings of the town. A 155 C-AJL new edition of his work was printed at Salem in 1796. Calhoun, John Caldwell, LL.D., states- man, b. Abbeville District, S.C.,18 Mar. 1782; d. Washington, D.C., 31 Mar. 1850. Y. C. 1804, with the first honors. Patrick, his fa- ther, a native of Ireland, com. a company for frontier defence, and was for 30 years, and until his d. in 1796, a member of the legisl. His mother, Martha Caldwell, was of Scotch- Irish descent. From his boyhood, he was grave, thoughtful, ardent, and persevering. He studied law at Litchfield, began practice in his native district in 1807, took high rank in his profession, and, with a lucrative practice, entered early upon the political arena. He was in the State legisl. in 1808-10; M.C. 1811-17, and influential in procuring the dec- laration of war with England in 1812 ; sec. of war in Monroe's cabinet, 16 Dee. 1817-Mar. 1825 ; vice-pres. of the U.S.,' 182.5-31 ; U.S. senator, 1831 and 1845-50; sec.of State 1844- 5. As presiding ofl^cer of the senate, he was punctual, methodical, and accurate. The pe- culiar doctrine of this eminent man, which he honestly entertained and earnestly advocated, was, that the Constitution was a mere treaty, from the conditions of which any State might separate herself if desirable to the inhabitants, — the doctrine of " State Rights," as it is called. Calhoun's influence in his own State was so great, that his ultra views of the tariff, nullifi- cation, and slavery, controlled the opinions of the majority of his constituents. His collected writings and speeches, edited bvR. K. Cralle, ■with a biography, were pub. in 6 vols., 8vo. His son, Maj. Patrick, U.S.A., d. Pendleton, S.C., 1 June, 1858, a. 37. Another son, Col. William Lowndes, a planter, d. Abbeville Dist., 19 Sept. 1858, a. 28. Calhoun, John Ewing, lawyer and sen- ator, b. 1749; d. Pendleton District, S.C., Nov. 26, 1802. N.J. Coll. 1774. While very young, he lost his father, but was taken by his Uncle Patrick, who provided him with an ex- cellent education. He studied law, became disting. in the profession, was many years in the legisl. of S.C, and w.is a US. senator in 1801-2. He was on the committee to report a modification of the judiciary system of the U.S., and was an eloquent and independent man. Calhoun, WilCiam Barron, LL.D. (Amh. Coll. 1858), b. Boston, Dec. 29, 1795 ; d. Springfield, Ms., Nov. 8, 1865. Y. C. 1814. He studied law with George Bliss of Spring- field, and for 40 vears was prominent there. Member of the Ms. legisl. 1825-35; speaker, 1834-5 ; M. C. 1835-43 ; pres. of the State senate, 1846-7 ; sec. of State of Ms. 1848-51 ; mayorof Springfield, 1859 ; and ag.iin member of Ms. legisl. 1861. Many years a con trib. to tbo SprinfifieUl Republican. John, his brother, who while surv.-gen. of Kansas, gained an unenvia- ble reputation in the attempt to force the Le- compton Constitution upon the people, d. Oct. 19, 1859. Call, Daniel D., an eminent lawyer; d. Richmond, Va., May 20, 1840, a. ab. 75' Bro.- in-law of Judge Marshall. He pub. 6 vols, of "Reports of the Va. Court of Appeals," 1790-1818, 2d ed., 1824-33, edited by Joseph Tate. Call, Maj. Richard of Va. Revol. offi cer; fought at Charleston, S.C, May 6, 1780; com. rifle corps in action with Col. Simcoe at " Spencer's Ordinary," Va., June 25, 1781, and served under Lafayette; made surv.-gen. of Ga, Jan. 1784. Call, Richard K., gen., b. Ky. ; d. Talla- hassee, Sept. 1862. App. from Kv. lieut. 44th Inf, July 15, 1814; brev. capt. Nov. 7, 1814; vol. aide to Gen. Jackson, .^pril, 1818, and acting insp.-gen. to the armrin tho field. May, 1818; capt. July, 1818; iv-i'-n.l .May 1, 1822. Member legisl. counril <>i' I'la., .Vpr. 1822; brig.-gen. W. Fla. militia, ,Jaii. \x-2-:, ; .k-legate in Congress, 1823-5 ; receiver laud office, W. Fla. March, 1325 ; gov. of Fla. and com. of the army against the Seminoles, Dec. 6, 1835, to Dec. 6, 1836; com. in 2d and 3d battles of Wahoo Swamp, Nov. 18 and 21, 1836; U.S. gov. Fla. Terr., 1 836-Mar. 1 844 ; raaj.-gen. Fla. militia. July 1 to Dec, 8, 1846.— Gardner. Calleja (kiil-la'-ha), Don Felix del Ret, Count de Calderon, a Spanish gen., b. 1750 ; d. ab. 1821. After having been treas. of the council of the Indies in Auier., he com. in 1810 at San Luis Potosi, Mexico, when he was ordered to pursue the insurgent Hidalgo, who was advancing on the capital with a large native force. Easily defeating him, he carried Guanaxoato by assault, and Jan. 12, 1812, de- feated and mortally wounded him at Guadalax- ara. He gained other advantages, but through his cruelty caused the insurrection to become much more formidable; and, under Morelos, the success was balanced between the two par- ties. Calleja was made viceroy, 4 Mar. 1813; ordered Morelos, who had been made prisoner, to be shot, 22 Dec. 1815; was succeeded in his viceroyship in 181 7, and, returning to Spain, was made a count. In 1819, he was given the com. of troops destined to act against the in- dependents of Paraguay, but was taken pris- oner by Ricgo, and confined in the Isle of Leon, dying soon after recovering his liberty. Callender, James Thompson, political writer, b. Scotland ; d. Richmond, Va., July, 1803. He was exiled for pub. his "Political Progress of Britain," Edinb., 1792. Came to Phila., where he pub. the " Political Register," 3 Nov. 1794 to 3 Mar. 1795, 8vo ; " Araer. Annual Register for 1796," 8vo, 1797. He was atone time tho friend of Jeflijrson, but became his enemy and calumniator. The Richmond Recorder, which he edited some years, was noted for its virulent assaults upon the admin- istrations of Washington and John Adams. He was drovifned while bathing' in the James River. Author, also, of " The Prospect before us," and " Sketches of Amer. Hist.," 1798. Callender, John, Baptist minister of Newport, R,I., b. Boston; d. Jan. 26, 1748, a. 41. H.U. 1723. He was a nephew of the Rev. Elisha, a Baptist minister of Boston ; was li- censed to preach in 1727 ; was pastor of the Baptist Church in Swanscy, Ms., from Aug. 1728 to Feb. 1730, and Oct. 13, 1731 was ord. minister of the second Baptist church in Amer., formed in 1644. His centenni.il discourse in 1738 is very valuable, and contains much of the CAJL. 156 CAJL. earlv history of R. I., espueially in ecclesiasti- cal aff.iii's :" this was reprinted in 1838, in the Colls. R. I. Hist. Soc, with notes by Dr. El- ton. He also pub. sermons on the death of Rev. Mr. Clapp, 1 745, and Rev. Mr. Condy, 1739. His collections relating to the history of the Baptists in this country were used by Mr. Backus. Callieres (deh-kii'-lcair'). Chevalier Louis Hkcior, de, b. Torigny, France ; d. Morttreal, Ca., May 26, 1703. He' was a gallant military officer, and came to Canada as a mem- ber. if 'tli- Muiiir, il coinpiiny. App. gov. of Mi.i '.. ' :■! \''.-l \ir riirloscd the tOWU With ]«;!.' 1: 1 •.•', Ii.' wriit to France to sug- frc.r:,|H .|.i h.rin.c..ii,|urstofN.Y.,inwhich, but lor Its taihuc, he would have had the chief com. Gov. of Canada from the death of Frontenac, in 1698, until his own death: his ability and valor made liiiu popular in the Colony. IL' 1m■, i^ -i:aaa I il, ■ aanie of St. George. The liberal policy of security of property and toleration, upon which its col- onization was based, made a Roman-Catholic colony an asylum for those who were driven from N. E. by the persecutions there carried on among Protestants. He experienced much trouble from a settler of Kent Island, Wm. Clayborne,.who denied his jurisdiction, and took up arms against him, but wlio was ultimately driven out of the province. Cahcrt superin- tended the affiiirs of the colony until the civil war in Eng., when the name of a papist became so obnoxious, that the parliament assumed the govt, of the province, .and app. a new gov. At the restoration, Cecil Calvert recovered his right. 157 Cambreling, Churchii-l C, merchant and M.C., b. Washington, N.C., 1786; d. West Neck, L.I., Apr. 30, 1862. He received an academical education at Newbera, removed in 1802 to N.^ . ("i sided, aii'l '■■!■::■ tile pur-r, extensive 1, N.Y. from ib-1 com. of conimcrc e he subsequently re- I I- ;in early day in mercan- ' -hicob Astor, travelled 1 HewasM.C. from lu li :j, and chairman of the e, of ways and means, and of foreign affairs. Of his numerous reports and political pamphlets, that on commerce and navi- gation passed through several editions, and was repub. m London. Wliile travelling in Europe in 1839, he was app. minister to Russia. Mem- ber of the State Const. Conv. in 1846. — Lan- Cameron, Sir Alan, a British gen. ; d. Fulhara, Eng., Mar. 9, 1828. He was con- cerned with ConnoUv in 1775 in the plan of arousing and combining the Indian tribes against the Colonists; was taken prisoner near Hagorstown, Md., and remained for nearly 2 years in the common jail at Phila. In attempt- mg to escape from this confinement. Sir Alan had both his ankles shattered and broken; and he never perfectly recovered from the pain- ful effects of those "injuries. He was subse- quently placed upon half-pay as a prov. officer ; but in 1793 he raised the 79th, or Cameron Highlanders, at his own expense. With this regt. as major, and then col. comg., he served in the Netherlands and in the West Indies, and subsequently in the peninsula, where he disting. himself pai-ticularly at Talavera and Busaco. Sir Alan was app. maj.-geu. July 25, 1810; after the peace, K.C.B.'; and, on the 12th of Aug. 1819, lieut.-gen. Cameron, Simon, statesman, b. Lancaster Co., Pa., 1799. Left an orphan at 9, he learned the ti-ado of a printer ; worked at Harrisburg and at Washington, D.C., employing his leisure in study. In 1820, he became editor of a news- paper at Doylestown, Pa.; in 1822 settled in Harrisburg, editing a journal advocating Gen. Jackson's election to the Presidency, and in 1832 was pres. of the Middletown bank of Pa. He became pres. of two railroad companies, and adj.-gen. of the State. U.S. senator in 1845-9 and 1857-61. In that body, he voted for Mr. Douglas's proposition to extend the Mo. Compromise line to the Pacific. After the repeal of the Mo. Compromise in 1854, and the attempt to force slavery upon the people of Kansas, he connected himself mth the " People's Party" in Pa., and in 1856 voted for Frumont. Mr. Lincoln made him, 4 'M ir 1 ^ "1 , ~ ■•■ "'' \v:\r, which post he filled until .I;i!: I i I ■ ■ ' n he resigned, and was app. mii:i ; ■ • i l ' ! : , Init he soon returned to the I'.s , mn , ii:u Nnv. 8, 1862. Belcs-ato to the Bait, convention, 1R64, the Phila. convention of 1866, and was again a U.S. senator for the term ending in 1873. Suc- ceeded Mr. Svimner as chairman of the com. on foreign affairs in Fob. 1871. His brother Col. James, b. Maytown, Pa., Mar. 1^ 1801 ; killed at the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861, leading a charge of the 79th N.Y. regt. He began life a printer in his bro.'s office, and edited the Political Sentinel, 1827. Cammerhof, Fredekick, a Moravian bishop ; d. Bethlehem, Pa., Apr. 28, 1751 . He came to the U.S. in 1746, visited the establish- ment at Shomokin on the Susquehanna in 1749, and in 1 750 went to Onondaga to labor amongst the Iroquois. His was a character of much benevolence, and he was greatly beloved. — Loshel. Campbell, Alex., D.D., founder of the sect called " Campbellites," b. Antrim Co., Ireland, June, 1786; d. Bethany, Va., 4 Mar. 1866. Educated at the U. of Glasgow. He came to the U.S. in 1800, settled in Washing- ton, Pa., and preached at Brush Kun in 1810. Originally a Presb., but in 1812 became a Bap- tist. With his father Thomas Campbell, he founded several congregations, which united with the Baptists, but protested against all creeds; and in 1827 was excluded from fel- lowship with the Baptist churches. In 1833, his followers numbered 100,000, mostly in the States of Va., Kv., .nnd Tenn. In 1844, he Mi \, !iirh he was made founded Bethanx pres. A hist' t . Baptist, and Mi in Bethany ( 1 yj bates," he pub. I I in the Christian . edited by him Lii-luding his "De- He was a man of strong intellect, fine scholarship, and great logi- Rc^r " ' 2 vols., Phila., cal powers — Sec Memoir, bi/ Rc^rt liiihardson. Campbell, Sir Archibald of Invermell, a British maj.-gen.; d. Mar. 1791. App. capt. 42d regt. Oct. 1758; maj. Dec. 1760 ; lieut.- col. 71st in 1775, and was, with a portion of his corps, made prisoner while entering Boston harbor, just after Gen. Howe had departed. Made a subject of retaliation for the cruel treatment 6f captive American officers, he yet displayed gentleness and humanity towards his foes, while conducting, aftei-ward, active opera- tions in the South, where he proved himself a brave and skilful commander. Nov. 27,1778, he com. an exped. against Savannah, defeated Gen. Robert Howe, and, Dec. 29, captured that city. He captured Augusta, Ga., Jan. 29, 1779; was made col. Dec. 7, 1779 ; M.P. for Stirling, 1774-80 and in 1789; gov. of Madras, 1785-89, and gov. of Jamaica in 1789-91. Campbell, Col. Arthur, a Western pio- neer, b. Augusta Co., Va., 1742; d. Yellow Creek, Knox Co , Ky., 1815. At the age of fifteen, he was taken by the Indians and made himself master of thnirhinguase. Escaping in 1759, he scrveil :i .u;! i i Tni exped. to the Upper Lakes, ;:: : i 1 .1 by sovt with settled at " lli River; was app. on Holstein was col. of a s engaged in 30 years ; and ral military ex that against the Chcrokees, in Jan. whom he made an important trealy. In the springof 1776, he was elected to the Va. assem- bly, and, as a member of the State Const. Conv., took a decided stand against an established church. He was for some vears county lieut. of Washington Co., Va. After 35 years' resi- dence at Holstein, he removed lo Yellow Creek. He m. a sister of Gen. Wm. Campbell, and was the father of Col. John B. Campbell, Charles, historinn, b. Peters- burg, Va., 1807. N.J. Coll. 1825. Son off 158 CAJ^Z John Wilson Campbell, a bookseller of Pe- tersb. Author of a Hist, of Va., 1813. Has pub. " The Bland Papers," 8vo, 1840 ; " History of Virginia," 8vo, 1869; "Memoir of John Daly Burke," 1868 ; " Genealogy of the Spotswood Family," 1868. Contrib. to the iioullicni Lit. Messenger from its commencement. Editor of "The Orderly Book " of Gen. Andrew Lewis in 1776, 4to, 1860. Campbell, David, gov. of Va., 1 836-9; d. Abingdon, Va., March 19, 1859, a. 80. App. major 12th Inf., July 6, 1812 ; lieut.-col. 20th Inf., Mar. 12, 1813; resigned Jan. 28, 1814. Campbell, Doncan R., D.D., Baptist clergyman, b. Scotland, ab.l 797 ; d. Covington, Ky., Aug. 11, 1865. Graduate of a Scottish university ; soon after came to the U. S ; E reached" some years, and after a pastorate at ieorgetown, Ky., was pros, of Georgetown Coll. from 1849 until his death. Campbell, George Wash., statesman, b. Tenn., 1768; d. Nashville, Feb. 17, 1848. N.J. Coll. 1794. M. C. from 1803 to 1809, during the last two years of which period he was chair- man of the committee of ways and means ; U.S. senator, 1811-14 and 1815-18; sec. of the treasury from Feb. 9 to Oct. 6, 1814; envoy- extraor. and minister- plenipo. to Russia in 1818-21 ; and at one time judge of the U. S. Dist. Court of Tenn. A commissioner in 1831 to settle the claims on France. Campbell, Hcon F., commodore U. S. N; d. Washington, Nov. 11, 1820. App. master- corn. July 27, 1799; capt. Oct. 16, 1800. Campbell, Jacob, author of " Political Essays," b. R.I. 1760; d. 1788. — ^//i'6o;w. Campbell, James, jurist, b. Phila., 1813. Son of an Irish emigrant, who gave his chil- dren a thorough education. His persevering, energetic, prompt, and inquiring mind soon gave him a high rank among the proverbially acute and eloquent members of the Phila. bar ; and in 1841-50 he was a judge of the C. C. P.; atty.-gen. of the State in 1830-3; U. S. post- master-gen. in 1853-7. Campbell, Jambs Archibald, judge V. S. Supreme Court, 185.3-61, b. Washington, Ga., June 24, 1811. U. of Ga. 1826. His grandfatherwas an aide-de-camp to Gen. Greene. Adm. to the bar in Montgomery, Ala., in 1830, and practised with success. He opposed the secession of Ala. ; did all in his power to bring the war to a close in 1864, and in 1865 re- sumed practice in N. Orleans. Campbell, John, bookseller, and post- master of Boston many years, and until 1718 ; pub., 24 Apr. 1704, the Boston News Letter, the first permit, newsp. issued in N. Amer ; b. Scot- land, 1653; d. Boston, Mar. 1728. Some years justice of the peace for Suffolk Co. —Drake's Boston, 528, 538. Campbell, John, political writer, b. Edin- burgh, Mar. 8, 1708; d. Dec. 28, 1775. Agent of the British Govt, for Gu. from 1755 to hisd. Author of a " Concise Hist, of Span. America," 1741 ; "Lives of the Eng. Admirals," 1744; "New Sugar Islands in the W. Indies," 8vo ; " Trade of Great Britain to America," 4to, 1772; "Political Survey of Great Britain," &c. Campbell, John, a British gen., b. Stra- chur, Scotland; d. early in 1806. He entered the array in June, 1745, as lieut. of Loudon's Highlanders ; served through the Scotch rebel- lion ; made the campaign in Flanders in 1747 ; capt. 1 Oct. 1747 ; April 9, 1756, he was app. to the 42d Highlanders; was wounded in the at- tack on Ticonderoga in 1758; majorof the 17th Foot, July 11, 1759; lieut.-col. in the army, Feb. 1, 1762, and com. this regt. in the c.xpeds. against Martinico and Havana. May 1, 1773, he became lieut.-col. of the 37th Foot ; returned to Amer. in 1776 with his regt , at the outset of the Revol. ; was app. maj.-gen. Feb. 19, 1779 ; col. of his regt. Nov. 2, 1780; and com. the British forces in West Fla., where, after a gal- lant defence, he was obliged to surrender Pen- sacola to the Spaniards, May 10, 1781 ; lieut.- gen. Sept. 28, 1 787 ; gen. in the army, Jan. 26, 1797. Campbell, John B., col., b. Ky. ; d. of wounds reed, in the battle of Chippewa, Aug. 28, 1814. Nephjj^' Col. Campbell of King's Mountain TeWo'wh. Was app. lieut.-col. 19th Inf., March 12, 1812 ; com. detachment against the Mississinewa Indians, Dec. 1812, for which he was brev. col. ; col. Uth Inf., Apr. 9, 1814 ; disting., and severely wounded in battle of Chippewa, July 5, 1814, where he com. the right wing of the army under Scott. — Gardner. CampbeU, John N., D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1835), Presb. clergyman, b. Phila., Jlarch 4, 1798; d. Albany, M.arch 27, 1864. He stud- ied theology with Rev. Ezra Stiles; was for a while at the U. of Pa., and was afterward a teacher of languages in Hamp. Sid. Coll. In May, 1817, he was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Hanover, Va. In 1820, he was chaplain to Congress. After preaching in Pe- tersburg, Newbern, and elsewhere, he, in 1823, became the assist, of Dr. Balch of Georgetown, D.C. From 1825 to 1831, he was pastor of the N.Y.-ave. Church in Washington, D.C. ; and from 1831 to his death, he was pastor of the First Presb. Church at Albany. He was for more than 20 years one of the regents of the N.Y. U. He was an eloquent preacher and a vigorous writer. Campbell, John Poage, M.D , Presb. minister of Chillicothe, 0., b. Aug. Co., Va., 1767; d. near Chillicothe, 4 Nov. 1814. Hamp. Sid. Coll. 1790. Licensed to preach in Maj-, 1792 ; settled in Ky. in 1795. He ]Hib. " Doc- trine of Justification Considered." " Strictures on Stone's Letters," 1805; "Vindox,"in an- swer to " Stone's Reply," 1806. lie Uft a MS. Hist, of the Western country. — Sprm/ne. Campbell, John W., jurist, b. Augusta Co., Va., 23 Feb. 1782 ; d. Delaware, O , 24 Sept. 1833. His parents removed to Ky. in 1791, and afterward to O. He received a com. school education; was adm. to the bar in 1808; became pros. atty. Adams and Highland Coun- ties; member of the legisl. ; M.C. 1817-27, and U.S. dist. judge from 1829 to his d. — See Biorj. Sketch and Lit. Remains bij his widow, 8vo, 1838. Campbell, Lewis D., Democ. politician, b. Franklin, 0., 9 Aug. 1811. He had a lim- ited education ; became asst. editor of the Cin- cinnati Gazette; studied and practised law; was M.C. 1849-57, and chairman of the com. on 159 ways and means, 1853-5; app. minister to Mexico in Dec. 1865; again M.C. 1871-3. Campbell, P., author of " Travels in N. Amer. in 1791-2," Edinb., 8vo, 1793. Campbell, Col. Richard of Va. ; killed at the battle of Eutaw Spring's, S.C, Sept 8, 1781. Was commissioned capt. Feb. 19, 1776 ; was a lieiit.-col. at the battle of Hobkirk's Hill, and at the sie^e of Ninety-six. Cam.pljell, Col. Robert, Indian fighter, b. Va., 1755; d. near Knoxville, Tenn., Feb. 1832. He displ.iyed great bravery in many conflicts with the Cherokees, and subsequently at the battle of King's Mountain. He was nearly 40 years a magistrate of Washington Co., Va., and in 1825 emigrated to Tenn. Campbell, Lord WiLn.iM, gov. of S.C. ; 1774-5; d. Sept. 5, 1778. Youngest son of the 4th Duke of Argyle. Became a capt. in the navy, Aug. 20, 1762; M.P. in 1764; gov. of Nova Scotia in 1766-73. Entering upon his administration in June, 1775, he was active in fomenting insurrectionary movements favur- able to the crown among the border population and the red men. Detected in this practice, ami the public military stores having been secured by the people, he fled on board a frigate, and in the following year was mortally wounded on board " The Bristol," during the attack on Fort Moultrie. In May, 1763, he m. Sarah, sister of Ralph Izard, a leading patriot of the Revol. CampbeU, Gen. William, Rcvol. offi- cer, b. Augusta, Va., 1745; d. Sept. 1781. He received a liberal education. Formed by Nature for a soldier, and was at the battle of Point Pleasant, 1774 ; was app. a capt. in the first Va. regt. in 1775, but resigned in the latter part of 1776, on account of the breaking-out of an In- dian war, which called him home. He was then made lieut-col. of Washington Co. mili- tia, and in 1778, col. With his regt., he marched 200 miles to attack Maj. Ferguson, at King's Mountain, at which battle he coin. Oct. 7, 1780; and for his disting. services on this occasion, the legisl. presented him with a sword, horse, and pistols, and named a county after him. His conduct at Guilford drew from Greene and Col. Lee flattering letters, and from the Va. legisl. the rank of brig.-gen. He joined Lafayette to oppose the invasion of Cornwallis, and received the com. of the light infantry and riflemen, but died, after a short but brilliant military career, just before the siege of Yorktown. — Va. Hist. Colls. Campbell, William B., soldier and pol- itician, b. Sumner Co., Tenn., Feb. 1, 1807 ; d. Lebanon, Aug. 19, 1867. He studied law; practised at Carthage, Tenn. in 1830; was elected dist-atty. 4th dist. in 1831, and be- came a member of the legisl. in 1835. He was a capt. of vols, during the Creek and Fla. wars; M.C. in 1837-43; col. 1st Tenn. Vols. • in Mexican war; com. a brigade, and was dis- ting. in the battle of Cerro Gordo, and at Mon- terey; was made judge 4th circuit of Tenn. soon after bis return, and was in 1851-3 gov. of the State ; chosen judge of the Circuit Court in 1857. In 1861, he canvassed his State in opposition to the secessionists, and June 30, 1862, was made brig.-gen. vols., but, on account of feeble health, resigned 26 Jan. 1863. Campbell, William W., judge, gr.and- son of Col. Samuel ; b. Cherry Valley, N.Y., June 10, 1806. Un. Coll. 1827. He studied law with Judge Kent ; commenced practice in N. Y. City in 1831 ; was M. C. in 1845-7 ; then spent a year in Europe; app. in 1849 a justice of the Superior Court of N. Y. City; served seven years, and was subsequently elected a judge of the State Supreme Court. Author of "Annals of Tryon C'ountv, N'.Y.," 8vo, 1831 ; new ed., revised, c;iiiiilr,i' " I'.nnl.r War- fare," N.Y., 1849, 12mo ; "l.ii;- n,,! Writings of De Witt Clinton," 1S4CI. Sv,,; •• Sk.-tches of Robin Hood and Capt. ICidd," I2rao, 1853; " Life of Mrs. Grant, Missionaiy to Persia," 12mo, 1840. Canby, Edward Richard Sprigg, brig.- gen. U. S.A., b. Ky., ab. 1-819.. West Point, 1839. Served in the Florida War, 1839^2; assist, adj.-gen. (rank of capt.) 3 Mar. 1847; disting. at Cerro Gordo ; brev. major for Con- trrra- and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847; brev. li.uf -r.,1. lor gallant conduct at the Belen Gate, Si'|,t. I.!, \si7; capt. 2d Inf. June, 1S51 ; major loth lilt. .Mar. 3, 1855; col. 19th Inf. May 14, 1861, and brig.-gen. vols. March 31, 1862. He served in the Utah exped. under Gen. A. S. Johnston, and in 1859-60 com. Fort Bridger, Utah. When the civil war began in 1861, he was iuNewMi'M. ... :muI d i-]i1;i v. vI great energy and skill in .1. i. , ,: i : 1 1 ory against the confederates. 11 - i vwl in the war dept. at Waslniijt.n ; ...m i\,<- troops in and around N. Y. City at the time of the riots in July, 1863, and resumed his post in the war dept. m Nov. 1863. 7 May, 1864, he was made maj .-gen. comg. the district embracing the depts. of the Mo., Ark., and the Gulf. He com. the exped. which captured Mobile, Apr. 12, 1865, and May 4, received the surrender of the rebel Taylor and his army. Brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. Mar. 13, 1865; brig.-gen. U.S.A. July 28, 1866; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. for battle of Valverde, New Mex.; maj.-gen. for Mobile ; Nov. 4, 1868, com- 5th military district. Canfleld, Francesca Anna, poetess, b. Phila., 1803 ; d. 1823. Dau. of Dr. F. Pascalis, an Ital. physician. She was distinguished for her knowledge of languages, and the excellence of her verses, many of which are in Griswold's Female Poets of America, and in the periodi- cals of the day. — AUihone. Canfleld, Henry Judson, b. Ct., 1789; d. 1856. Y. C. 1806. Author of "Treatise on Sheep." Contrib. to Ohio Cultivator, Amer. Agriculliirist, &c. — AUihone. Cannon, Charles James, poet, dramatist, and novelist, b. N.Y., of Irish parentage, Nov. 4, 1 800 ; d. there Nov. 9, 1 860. Among his numer- ous works are " Facts, Feelings, and Fancies," " The Poet's Quest," " Mora Carmody," " Fa- ther Felix ; poems, dramatic and miscellaneous ; dramas, including the " Oiith of Office " and " Tighe Lifford." He also compiled a speller and a series of readers. — See Bruwnson's Quar- terly for Oct. 1857 ; Hist. Mag. v. 30. Cannon, James Spencer, D.D., clergy- man of the D. R. Church, b. 1776; d. New Brunswick, N.J., July 25, 1852. Rutg. CoU. 1811. He was for 51 years a trustee, and from 1826 until his death, prof, of metaphysics 160 CA.R nology," " Lectures on Pastoral Theology," 8vo, 1853. Cannon, Newton, soldier and statesman, b. Guilford Co., N.C., ab. 1781 ; d. Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 29, 1841. Member State legisl. 1811-12, and State Const. Conv. of 1834. Col. Tenn. Mounted Rifles, Sept. to Dec. 1813, and com. the left in battle of Tallahatchie, Nov. 3, 1813 ; was M.C. from Tenn. from 1814 to 1817 and from 1819 to 1823; was app. by Monroe one of two commissioners to treat with the Chickasaws in 1819 ; and was gov. of Tenn. from 183.5 to 1839. Cannon, William, gov. of Del., 1864-5, b. Bridgeville, Del., 1809 ; d. Phila., Mar. 1, 1865. He was some time in the State legisl.; was State treasurer, and member of the peace congress in 1861. Canonicus, a Nan-agansett chief, uncle of Miantonomoh, b. ab. 1565; d. June 4, 1647 ; was the fii - .. . of Roger obtained, March 24, 1638, the grant of land for his settlement of the future State of R.I. In 1622, two years after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, Canonicus sent as a challenge a bundle of arrows tied with a snake-skin. The skin was returned filled with powder and ball ; but the peace was unbroken. In 1632-5, there was a war between the Pequots and Nar- ragansetts, about the ownership of land lying between Paucatuck River and Wecapaug Brook. Canonicus, after losing his son, burned his own residence, and all his goods in it. Roger Williams calls him " A wise and peace- able prince." During his life, the Narragan- setts, though engaged in wars with other Indians, remained at peace with the whites. Many years after his death, however, under the famous King Philip, they made war on the English, and were exterminated. Capers, William, D.D. (Aug. Coll., Ky., 1839), bishop M. E. Church, b St. Thomas's Parish, S.C, Jan. 26, 1790; d. Anderson, S.C, Jan. 29, 1855. S.C. Coll. 1808. He became a travelling minister in 1808. In 1821, he was app. missionary to the Indians in Western Ga., and travelled extensively throughout the State. He established a mission among the Creek In- dians on Flint River in 1822; preached in Charleston from 1825 to 1831, and edited the Wrsleifnii .lournal In 1828, he was sent to Enir. as the representative of his church at the British conference. In 1835, he was elect- ed prof, of the evidences of Christianity in the U. of S.C, and afterwards took charge of the Southern Christian Advocate. For several years, he was one of the gen. missionary secretaries, and in May, 1846, was elected bishop of the southern division, wliich, at the gen. conference held at N.Y. in 1844, had separated from the "northern on the slavery question. He was remarkable for urbanity, elegance of style, nd the < )r uroanity, elegance oi style, ical finish and force of his pulpit Capron, Elisha S., counsellor at law, author of " Hist, of California, from its Dis- covery to 1854," b. N.Y., 1806. _ CardOZO, Isaac N., journalist and politi- cal economist, b. Savannah, Ga., Jnne 17, 1786 ; drowned in James River, Va., Aug. 26, 1850. He received a plain English education in Charleston. S.C. In 1816, he became edi- tor of the Southern Patriot, a free-trade organ in Charleston, becoming sole proprietor in 1823, in which year he was active in establish- ing the chamber of commerce. He opposed the tariff act of 1828, but did not adopt ex- treme nullification views. In 1845, he sold the Patriot, and soon after established the Erminrj Neu's, another daily, of which he was commer- cial editor. He was a contrib. to the Southern Quarterli/ Review, and other periodicals, and in 1826 pub. "Notes on Political Economy. Carew, Sir Besjamin Hallowell, adm. R.N., b. Boston, 1760; d. Beddington Park, Eng., 2 Sept. 1834. Son of Benj. Hal- lowell, customs commissioner at Boston. En- tering the navy at an early age, he became a lieut. in Aug. 1781, capt. 1793, rear-adm. 1811, and vice-adm. 1819, K.C.B. 1819, K. G.C. 1831. He was with Rodnej' in the great fight with DeGrasse ; com. a ship of the line under Hotham in the action off the Hieres Islands ; was a vol. on board " The Victory," in the battle of Cape St. Vincent; and, in com. of " The Swiftsure," contrib. essentially to the great victory of the Nile. He was with Hood at the reduction of St. Lucia and Tobago, and with Nelson in the W. Indies. He succeeded to the estates of the Carews on the death of a cousin in 1828. — 5a6/ne. Carey, Alice and Phcebe, two sisters, poets. Alice was b. Mount Hcalthv, nearCin- cin., 0., April, 1820; d. N.Y. City, 12 Feb. 1871. Walter, her emigrant ancestor, settled at Bridgewater, Ms. Her grandfather, a Revol. soldier of Ct., settled after the war in Hamilton Co , 0. Robert her father, one of the first settlers of Cincin., d. 11 Feb. 1866, a. 80. Alice first became known by a series of sketches in the National Era, signed " Patty Lee." The sisters pub. jointly in 1850 a vol. of poems. She pub. a vol. of prose-sketches, " Clovernook," in 1851, a second series in 1853, and a third in 1854 ; " Lyra and other Poems," 1853; "Hagar, a Storv of To-day," 1852; " Married, not Mated," 1856 ; a new colleriion of poems, 1855; "Pictures of Country Life." 1859; "Lyrics and Hymns," 1866; "The Bishop's Son," 1867; "The Lover's Diary," 1867 ; and " Snowberries." In 1850, the sisters removed to N.Y. City. Phcebe, b. Clover- nook, 1825, like her'sister, was a frequent contrib. to periodicals, pub. in 1854 a vol. of poems and parodies, and recently, "Poems of Faith, Hope, and Love." D. 3l"July, 1871. Carey, Henhy Charles, political econo- mist, son of Matthew, b. Phila., Dec. 15, 1793; was brought up a book-sellcr, becoming a partner in his father's firm in 1814. In 1821, he became the leading partner in the firm of Carey & Lea, the largest publishing-house in the country,-and in 1835 withdrew from busi- ness to employ his capital in industrial enter- prises. Long a student of political economy, and originally a zealous partisan of free trade, he eventually became a protectionist. He has pub. "Essay on the Rate of Wages," 1835; " The Principles of Political Economy," 3 C^^JR 161 (JA.It vols., Svo, 1837-40; "The Credit System in France, Great Britain, and tlie US.'," 1838 ; " The Past, the Present, and the Future," 1848; "The Harmony of Interests," 1850; " The Slave Trade, Domestic, and Foreign ; " " Letters on International Copyright," 1863 ; " Letters to tlie President on the Foreign and Domestic Policy of the Union," 1858; "Prin- ciples of Social Science," 3 vols., 8vo, 1858-9 ; " A Series of Letters on Polit. Economy," addressed to W. C. Bryant, I8G0, and another series addressed to Hon. Schuyler Colfax, 1865. For several years, he contrib. the leading pa- pers in the Ptourjh, the Loom, and the Anvil, some of which were afterwards collected in his " Harmony of Interests." He has also written niucli on other subjects in the newspapers. — Dm/rkmcJc. Carey, IVIatthew, political writer, pub- lisher, and philanthropist, b. Dublin, Ireland, 28 Jan. 1760; d. Phila., 16 Sept. 1839. Ap- prenticed to a printer, he in 1779 wrote a pamphlet on the Irish Catholic question, and was obliged to witlidraw to France. Return- ing in 1780, lie pub. the Freeman's Journal, and, 13 Oct. 1783, began the Volanleer's Journal, for which he was committed to Newgate prison. Restored to liberty, 14 May, 1784, he came to Anier., landed in Phila., 15 Nov., and by the aidof I.iJ r. ■■!'.,-, i\lio .,iit him S400, established the /'- // /, 25 Jan. 1785. In a duel «: I ! II ' iM. 21 Jan. 1786, be re- ceived a \i>iiiil \\li:.li confined him to his house for Hi months. He was subsequently connected with the Columbian Marjazme and the Ameriean Museum, and engaged extensively in bookselling and publishing in connection witli his sons. He took an active part in chari- table enterprises, and every fortnight dispensed food and other necessaries of life to hun- dreds of poor widows. In 1793, he founded the Hibernian Society. He pub. a " History of the Yellow Fever of 1793 ; " " Miscellane- ous Trifies," 1796; " Amer. Pocket Atlas," 1801 ; "Essavson Polit. Economy," 8vo, 1822; "Miscell. Essays," 1830; "The Olive Branch," an attempt to harmonize the Fed- eral and Democ. parties, 1814; " Vindiciffi Hibernica," 1819; and " Philosophy of Com- mon Sense ; " " The New Olive Branch," 1820 ; A zealous champion of the "protective system " of American industry, his writings in its favor number 59. He also advocated the system of internal improvements to which Pa. is so much indebted. In 183.3-4, he contrib his Auto- biography to the N. E. Maqazine. In 1796-8, he had a controversy with Wm. Cohbett, which he closed with " The Porcupiniad,aHudibras- tie Poem." 1799. Carillo (karel'-yo), Bkaulio, dictator of Costa Rica, b. Cartago, 1800; assassinated 1845. Member of the Federal Congress of Central Amer., he was afterward elected gov. of Costa Rica, and dictator from 1838 to 1842. His dictatorship was advantageous to the country; for, while he repressed with a strong hand all revol. tendencies, he devoted the energies of a powerful mind to the promotion of the material interests of the State. He adjusted its foreign debt, builtroads and bridges, and, above all, introduced the culture of coffee. now the great staple of the country, and raised it from the poorest to the richest State of Central Amer. Ho transacted all public affairs with the aid of his wife only. Carleton, Got (Lokd Dorchester), a British gen., b. Strabane, Ireland, 1722 ; d. 10 Nov. 1808. Entering the Guards at an early age, be became in 1748 lieut.-col. 72d regt. ; wasaide-de-camp to Cumberland in the German campaign of 1757 ; served under Amherst at the siege of Louisburg in 1758 ; under Wolfe, at Quebec, as quartermaster-gen. in 1759 ; and was a brig.-gen., and was wounded at the siege of Belleisle. Made a ..I in ili :,M,,y in Feb. 1762, be served as qu:i I ; ' ll.ivana exped., and was wounili i i i .~ful as- sault on the Moro Ca-i'. I ir 7 hrliocame maj.-jni. iiuilrMl 47ili !■ ; iiii'l _",i .\11g.i774' goV.L:.',,. ,,| tin' I'loMnrr < .f ( ^liirl irr. JuOct. 1775, lir attrniphM m ivtak- 'rirun.l.Toga and Crown Point, recently captured by the Amer- icans, but was defeated, and himself nariowly escaped capture. Reaching Quebec, hee.xerted himself succes.sfuUy in putting it in a state of defence, and, 31 Dee. 1775, repuUed the assault of the Americans, who lost their brave leader, Montgomery. Receiving re-enforcements from Eng., he drove the Americans from the province, and in a naval battle on Lake Champlain, 13 Oct.' 1776, totally defeated the flotilla under Arnold. In 1777, he was superseded by Bur- goyne ; in 1778, was made a lieut.-gen., and in 1781 was app. com.-in-chief in Amer., where he had the credit of having done all in his power to soften the rigors of war and to conciliate the people. He embarked for Eng., 25 Nov. 1783 ; was created Baron Dorchester, 21 Aug. 1786, and, from 1786 to 1796, was gov. of British N. Amer.; his administration being marked by mildness and justice. He was succeeded in his title and estate by his eldest son Thomas. Carleton, Henry, jurist, b. Va., 1785; d. Phila , Mar. 28, 186.3. Y.C. 1806. Origi- nally named Henry Carleton Coxe. Removing to Mpi., he established himself in N. Orleans in 1814 ; served as a lieut. under Jackson in the campaign of that year ; practised law, and, with L. Moreau, translated of " Las Siete parlidas," a celebrated Spanish code, such portions as were in u-^e La. Made atty. of the east, district of La. in 1832, he was afterward judge of the Supreme Court, resigning in 1839. Ho visited Europe several times, and i>ub. in 1857 a vol. on " Liberty and Necessity." — Ob. Record, Y. C. Carleton, James Henry, brev. niaj -gen. U.S.A., b. Me. In Feb. 1839, during the boun- dary dispute with Great Britain, he was eapt. of a company of Maine riflemen, and. on its set- tlement, was made 2d lieut. 1st U.S. Dragoons. 1st lieut. Mar. 1845, served on Gen. Wool's staff in Mexico; made capt. Feb. 1847, and brev. raaj. for gallantry at Buena Vista; Sept. 7, 1861, made maj. 6th caval. Early in 1862, he raised the vols, known as the " Column from Cal.," and marched with them to the Rio Grande. He was made brig.-gen. vols. Apr. 28, 1862, and ordered to relieve Gen. Canby in com. of the dept of N. Mexico ; lieut -col.'4th cav. July 31, 1866; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. for merit, services in the war; col. 2d U.S. cav. CJ!lII 162 CJ^lH, June, 18GS. Author of a "History of the Battle of Buena Vista," N.Y., 1848. Carleton, Osgood, a teacher of mathe- matics and navigation ; <1. Litcliliekl, N.II., in J.une, 1816. A resident of Ms., he pub. valunble maps of that State and of the district of Mc. " The Amcr. Navigator," 1801 ; " The South Amer. Pilot," 1804; "A Map of the U.S.," 1806, and "Practice of Arhraetic," 1810. Carleton, Thomas, British gen., bro. of Sir Guy; d. Jan. 1817, a. 85. App. ensign Wolfe's rcgt., 1755; capt. 1759; brev. ma]., 1773 ; quartermast.-gen. to the army in Canada in Nov. 1775; lieut.-col. 19th, 1776 ; col. Nov. 20,1782; maj.-gen. 179.3; lieut-gen., 1798; gen. 1803. He had seen service in Germany ; was wounded in the naval contest with Arnold on Lake Champlain in 1776, and was gov. of N. Brunswick in \1%3. — Philipart. Carlin, Thomas, gov. of 111., 1838-42, and a pioneer to that State in 1813, b. Ky., 1791 ; d. 4Fc;b. 1852. Carlin, William P^ ibrev.-maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Greene Co., 111., Nov. 24, 1829. West Point. 1850. Entering the 6th Inf., he took part in the Sioux exped. in March, 1855, under Gen. Harney, and, in the summer of 1857, com. a company in the exped. of Col. Sumner against the Cheyennes, who were de- feated at Solomon's Fork, Ks , Aug. 29, 1857. Early in 1858, he joined the Utah exped. under Gen. A. S. Johnston; capt. March 2, 1861 ; Aug. 15, 1861, he took com. of the 3Sth 111. regt., and, Oct. 21, defeated Jeff. Thompson at Fredericktown, Mo. He com. the district of South-east Mo. till March, 1862, then com. a brigade under Gen. Steele in the exped. into Ark., and joined Pope's army in season to aid in the pursuit of Beauregard from Corinth. He disting. himself in the battle of Perry ville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862, and at Knob Gap, near Nolens- ville, where he defeated Wharton's rebel cav- ali'v. His brigade bore a prominent part in the bat'tle of Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862, as is si], mi !>v ii~ 'i -csin that memorable conflict. II J. -^'en. 29 Nov. 1862 ; was in t!: I ; 11 riinpaign, battles of Cliicka- m 111- 1 I i. "lit .Miiuntain.and Mission. Ridge, Kin;.'L;ol''. lluzzard's Roost, Resacca, Kenesaw Mountain, siege and capture of Atlanta ; com. 1st div. 14th corps in Sherman's march to the sea; brev. col. for the battle of Joncsli.no', Oa., Sept. 1, 1864; brev. brig.-m r;AI,ii 1 •(-,-., for Bentonville, and brev. nil i i lut and merit, services in the fill I in i i : U - beUlion. Maj. 16thlnf.,8 Frl.. l -^ l UMiilir- red to 34th Inf., 21 Sept. 1866. — Viitlnn,. Carlisle, Frederick Howard, 5ih earl of, one of the 3 commissioners sent to Amer. in 1778 to treat with the revolfd colonists, b. May, 1748; d. Sept. 4, 1825. In the house of peers, he first disting. himself by his recom- mendation of conciliatory measures toward the American Colonies. Lord lieut. of Ireland, 1780-2. Uncle and guardian of Lord Byron, and himself a poet of some merit. Carman, Capt., a brave seaman ; lost at sea on the coast of Spain in Dec. 1645. In Dec. 1642, he sailed from New Haven for the Canaries, and, near the Island of Palraa, was attacked by a Turkish jiirate-ship of 300 tons, with 200 men and 26 cannon ; he having only 20 men and 7 cannon. The tiller of the Turk was disabled ; and she fell oflf, leaving 50 men who had boarded Carman's ship. These he attacked and killed, or forced overboard. He, with others of his men, were wounded ; but he lost only one man. — Savage's [VintL ii., 124, 239. Carmiehael, William, diplomatist, b. Md. ; d. early in 1795. A man of fortune, of a disting. family. He was on his way to Amer. in July, 1776, with despatches from Arthur Lee, but was detained at Paris by sickness, and assisted Mr. Deane, our minister, in his corresp. and transaction of business for more than a year. He communicated to the king of Prussia, at Berlin, intelligence concerning Amcr. commerce; assisted the commissioners at Paris ; was a delegate to Congress from Md. in 1778-80; was sec. of legation during Mr. Jay's mission to Spain ; and when the lat- ter left Spain, in June, 1782, he remained as charge d'affaires, and retained that offieeab. 13 years. In March, 1792, Wm. Short was joined with him in a commission to negotiate a treaty with Spain ; but the attempt was unsuccessful. His letters are in vol. i.x of Sparks's " Dipl. Corresp." Carnahan, J-oies, D.D., LL.D., pres. of the Coll. of N.J. from 1823 to 1854, b. Cum- berland Co., Pa., Nov. 15, 1775; d. Newark, N.J., March 2, 1859. N.J. Coll. 1800. At the time of his death, he was one of the trustees of the Coll., and pres. of the board of trustees of Princeton Theol. Sem. D.D. of Ham. Coll. 1821. Carnes, Thomas P., jurist, b. Md. 1762; d. Milledgevilie, Ga., May 8, 1822. Removing to Ga., where he attained' high rank as a lawyer, he became successively solicitor-gen., atty- gen., and judge of the Supreme Court. M.'C. 1793-5. Camoclian, John Murray, surgeon, b. Savannah, 1817. His father was a native of Scot- land, and his mother was descended from Gen. Putnam. After graduating in the high school and U. of Edinburgh, he returned to the U.S., and studied in the office of Dr. Valentine Mott of N.y. After taking his degree, he again visited Europe, and passed several years in at- tendance upon the clinical lectures of Paris, London, and Edinburgh. In 1847, he began practice in N.Y., where his skilful and original operations gained him distinction. In 1851, he was app. surgeon-in-chief of the N.Y. State Immigrant Hospital. In 1852, he performed the operation of amputating the entire lower jaw. In 1854, he exsectcd the entire ulna, saving the arm, with its functions unimpaired, and subse- quently, in another ca.se, successfully removed the entire radius. In 1856, he performed the startling operation of exsecting, for neuralgia, the entire trunk of the 2d branch of the 5th pair of nerves. Amputation at the hip-joint he h.is fiX'quently performed. In 1851, he became prof, of surgery in the N.Y. Med. Coll. He has pub. his lectures on partial amputations of the foot, lithotomy and lithothrity, and also a " Treatise on Congenital Dislocations," 1850 ; " Contributions to Operative Surgery," and has translated Sedillot's " Treatise on Operative C^^JB Medicine," and Karl Rokitansky's " Pathologi- cal Anatomy." Carpenter, Benjamin, b. Rehoboth, 1726; d. Unillord, Vt , Mar. 29, 182.3. He was a founder of Guilford in 1770, a field-officer of the Revol., member of the first Const. Conv. of Vt., member of the council, and lieut.-gov. in 1778, and one of the council of censors. Carpenter, Francis B., portrait-painter, b. Homer, N.Y. His portrait of David Lea- vitt was exhibited at the Nat. Acad, in 1852. Besides portraits of several ex-presidents and governors, he has produced "The Emancipa- tion Proclamation," the likenesses in which are excellent. His book, " Six Months in the White House," contains valuable personal me- moirs of Abraham Lincoln. — Tuckermun. Carpenter, George W., merchant and scientist, b. Germantown, Pa., July 31, 1802 ; d. there June 7, 1860. He was a highly-suc- cessful mercliant ; was treasurer of the Acad, of Nat. Sciences from 1823 ; had a choice collection of minerals; ranked high as a geolo- gist, and was a member of many European scientific societies. Author of " Ess.iys on Materia Medica," and " Meilieal Chest Dis- pensatory," and was a contrib. to the Journal of Medical Science. Carpenter, Stephen Cullen, author, b. Eng. ; d. 1820. Reporter of Hastings's trial. Came to Amer. in 1803. In 180.5, he com- menced in Charleston, S.C, with Bristed, the Monthli/ Register, Magazine, and Review of the 'U.S. In 1809, he pub. at N.Y. 2 vols of "Memoirs of Jefferson," a decidedly anti-Jef- fersonian work. In 1810 and 11, he edited at Phila. the Mirror of Taste, and Dramutic Cen- sor, and in 1815 pub. at Phila. 2 vols, of " Se- lect Amer. Speeches, with Prefatory Re- marks," being a sequel to Dr. Chapman's " Se- lect Speeches." He also wrote "D. Campbell's Overland Journey to India," N.Y., 1809-10. — Dui)cf:inck. Carr, Dabnet, a member of the Va. house of burgesses; d. Charlottesville, Va., May 16, 1773, a. 30. He moved and eloquently supported a resolution to app. a committee of corresp. in consequence of British encroachments, which was adopted Mar. 3, 1773. He m. a sister of Jefferson, by whom he is described as a man of sound judgment and inflexible purpose, and of a powerful eloquence. Dabnet his son, b. Apr. 1773, d. Richmond, Va., Jan. 8, 1837. Commenced to practise law at Albemarle; was chancellor of Winchester dist. from 1811 to 1824, and judge of the Court of Appeals from 1824 to 1837. Carr, Dabnet S., of Baltimore, several years naval officer of that port, and U. S. min- ister to Turkev in 1843-9; d. Charlottesville, Va., Mar. 24, 1854, a. 51. Carr, Eugene A., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Erie Co., N.Y., Mar. 20, 1830. West Point, 1850. Entering the mounted rifles, he was for several years engaged in Indian warfare in New Mexico, Texas, and the West. In a skir- mish near Diablo Mountain, 10 Oct. 1854, he was severely wounded, and for his gallantry was promoted to 1st lieut. 1st cavalry. In 1858, he was in the Utah exped. ; 11 June', 1858, he was made capt. 1st cav., and in 1861, he was made col. 3d III. vol. cavalry, and fought under Lyon at Wilson's Creek. At Pea Ridge, he com. a division, and was severely wounded. For his gallantry, he was made brig.-gen. vols., dating from Mar. 7, and assigned a command under Gen. Curtis, in Ark.; July 17, 1862, maj. 5th cavalry. He com. a division in the battles of Port Gibson, 1 Mav, 1863; Big Black, 17 May ; the assaults on Vicksburg, 19 and 22 May; at the capture of Little Rock, Ark., Sept. 10, for which he was brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865; and com. the 3d div. of A. J. Smith's corps, and led the assault on Spanish Fort, the key of the defences of Mobile, which was captured Apr. 3, 1865. For this exploit, he was made brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. Carr, Joseph B., brig.-gen. vols., b. Alba- ny, N.Y., ab. 1824. Apprenticed to a tobacco- nist at Troy, he entered the vol. militia, rose to be col., and, in Apr. 1861, became lieut.-col. 2d NY. Vols. Col. in May, 1861, he was or- dered to Newport News. During the cam- paign of the Chickahominy, he was attached to Gen. Hooker's command, and made brig.- gen. Sept. 7, 1862. He com. the 4th div. Han- cock's corps in the Va. campaign of 1864, and was in the battles of the Wilderness. Carr, Sir Robert, British commissioner in N.E. ; d. Bristol, Eng., June 1, 1667. He was of Ithall, Northumberland Co. He was app. commis. by Charles II. in 1664, in conjunc- tion with NicoUs, Cartwright, and Maverick. Aug. 27, 1664, Nicolls and Carr captured New Amsterdam from the Dutch, and called it New York in honor of the duke, afterwards James II. Carr forced the Swedes and Dutch on the Delaware, into a capitulation, Oct. 1, 1664 ; returned to Boston in Feb. 1665, and, in con- junction with his co-adjutors, assumed the principal powers of govt. Carrell, George Aloysius, D.D., R. C. Bishop of Ky., b. Phila., June 13, 1803 ; d. Covington, Ky., Sept. 25, 1868. Completing his theol. studies at Mount St. Mary's, Em- mettsburg, he was ord. priest in 1829 ; spent several years in Phila. and Wilmington, Del.; became in 1837 prof in the U. of St. Louis, and pastor of the coll. church of St. Xavier; was rector of the U. in 1845-8 ; pres. of the Purcell Mansion Coll. and St. Xavier Church, Cincinnati, in 1849-53; and Nov. 1, 1853, was consecrated Bishop of Covington. Carrera (kiir-ra'-ra) Jose Miguel, Joan Jose, and Louis, three bros., disting. in the revolutions of Chili. The first of these, b. St Jago, Chili, was a maj. of grenadiers at the beginning of the troubles, and defeated the Spaniards on many occasions. After the bros. had been some time at the head of the revol. govt., they were taken prisoners by the Span- iards in 1813, and confined at Taloa, but soon regained their liberty, and also their power, which had been assumed by O'Higgins during their confinement. The defeat at Raucagua, in Oct. 1814, compelled the Carrerras to quit the country. Juan and Luis were again taken at Mendoza, and, at the instigation of Gen. San Martin, were executed Apr. 8, 1817. Don Jose was also captured after a brave resistance, and, after a partial trial, executed Sept. 1, 1821. CAB 164 CA.R Carrera, Martinez, ex-pres. of Mexico; d. U Apr. 1871. Carrera, Rafael, ruler of Gnatimala, b. Guatiinala Citv, 1814, of nii.xol Indian and r-ii .. In 1829, when I a drummer- 1 at. the head negro blood ; d. A pi Morazan was pre^ , ' boy. In 1837, li ■ i of a band of in^mj- Feb. 1838, occupied with 6,000 Indians, their anticipated pill; accommodation havi was sent in an I'llii neighboring disin entered the capital the triumph of til'' 'li party by the def -at ot first as gen- tbe city of Guatimala, ivhom lie restrained from i,iv to Mcta, a \ I ! • '.'.I, he again . . I I '.•' hr completed iii.i-aii-:,,. Ml State-rights (icn. Morazan. Ruling he was elected. Mar. 21, 1847, pres., and Oct. 19, 1851, pres. for life. In Feb. 1851, with 1,500 men, he defeated tlie combined forces of San Saliailur and Hondu- ras. When first elected pres . Ill' il hi not l;ii.:>w how to read and write, but afirrwanl, in souie measure, repaired the defieicn. ics ol hn educa- tion. His govt, was absolute. — Men of the Time. Carrier, Thomas, of remarkable longevity, b. in the west of Eng. ; d. Colchester, Ct.,May 16, 1735, a. 109. He settled in Andover, Ms., and in 166+ m. Martha Allen, who, Aug. 19, 1692, fell a victim to the witchcraft delusion at Salem. He passed the last 20 years of his life at Colchester, and, shortly before his death, walked 6 miles to see a sick man, and visited his neighbors the very day before he died. Notwithstanding his age, his head was not bald, nor his hair gray. Carrigain, Philip, lawyer, b. Concord, N.H., Feb. 20, 1772 ; d. there Mar. 16, 1842. Dartm. Coll. 1794. His father Philip, b. N.Y., 1746, d. Concord, Aug. 1806, was a physician and surgeon of eminence in C. The son practised law successively at Concord, Ep- som, Chichester, and again at Concord ; was sec. of State of N. H. 4 years, and also clerk of the senate. He surveyed a great part of N.H , of which he pnb. an excellent map in 1816. Carrington, Edward, lieut.-col. Revol. army, b. Va., Feb. 11, 1749; d. Richmond, Va.; Oct. 28, 1810. Commissioned lieut.-col. of Harrison's art. regt., Nov. 30, 1776. De- tached with a portion of this regt. to the South, he was made prisoner at Charleston. Carring- ton was afterward employed by Gates and by Greene, who made him his quartermaster-gen. Aided by capt. Smith of the Md. line, he ex- plored the River Dan, and made every prepa- ration for Greene to cross it with his army ; then joined him near the Yadkin, and was an active and efficient ofHecr in the memorable re- treat to the Dan. He com. the artillery, and did good service at the battle of Hobkirk's Hill, Apr. 24, 1781, and also at Yorktown. M. C. in 1785-6, and was foreman of the jury in Burr's trial for treason. Carrington, Col. Paul, statesman of the Revol., bro. of Col. Edward, b. Va., Feb 24, 1733 ; d. at his seat, Charlotte Co., Va., June 22,1818. Wm. and Mary Coll. Of English de- scent, his maternal grandfather and bis father had emigrated to Va. by way of Barbadoes, and were both engazedin th'eexped. of Cul. Bvrd, in 1736, to fix theboundarv-line between Va. and N.C. He studied law in'the office of Col. Clem- ent Read, clerk of the Co. of Lunenburg, ab. 1748 ; m. bis dan. ; commenced practice at 21, and soon rose to eminence. From 1765 to 1775, he was a member of the house of burgesses, and voted against the Stamp-act resolutions of Pat- rick Henry. He was a member of various con- ventions in 1775-6, and of the committee which reported the Declaration of Rights and the State Constitution, lb- tlien to,>k his seat in the house of ilcli-ati ., iVom wliieh he passed to the bench of ih.' (Inar.il Court in Mav, 1779, and to the fonrt of .Appeals in 1789, in which last he remained until 1811. Member of the committee of safety during the whole of its existence, and, in the Va. convention, voted for the adoption of the Constitution, and was a member of the committee to report amend- ments. Three of his sons were in the army, — George ; Paul, who was at the battle of Guil- ford, a graduate of Wm. and Mary Coll., mem- ber of the H. of delegates at 22, afterward in the Va. senate, and judge of the Superior Conn, d. Jan. 8, 1816, a. 52; and Col. Clem- ent, who was severely wounded at Eutaw. — Gn'rjsbi/. Carroll, Charles, last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence, b. Annap- olis, Sept. 20, 1737; d. Baltimore, Nov. 14, 1832. Descended from awealthy Irish Catholic family, who came to Md. during the reign of William and Mary. He was educated at St. Omer's, and at a Jesuit coll. ot Rheims, and studied law in France, and at the Temple, Lon- don. Returning home in 1764, he soon became noted as an able political writer, and advocate for liberty. He inherited a vast estate, and was considered the richest man in the Colonies. In 1775, he was a member of the first committee of observation established at Annapolis, and a delegate to the prov. convention. In Feb. 1 776, he was app. a commissioner with Franklin and Chase, accomp. by Rev. John Carroll, to visit Canada, and induce the Canadians to unite with the Colonies. A journal of this mission, with a memoir by B. Mayer, was pub. 1845. Returning in June, he labored assiduously in the convention to authorize the Md. delegates in Congress to join in a decl. of indep., which was done June 28. He was a delegate to Con- gress from July 4, 1776, until 1778, and an effi- cient member of the board of war. In the lat- ter part of 1776, he was one of the committee to draft the constitution of Md.; and in Dec. 1776, also in 1781,1786, and 1797, was elected to the State senate. He was a XJ. S. senator in 1789-91 ; and in 1799-1801 was a commis- sioner to settle the boundary-line between Va. and Md. July 4, 1828, when he had passed the patriarclial age of 90, attended by one of the most imposing civic processions ever seen in the U. S., he laid the corner-stone of the Bal- timore and Ohio Railroad. In natural saga- city, in re6nement of taste, and in unaffijcted and habitual courtesy, he had few equals. His grand-daughter, Miss Caton, afterward Mar- chioness of Wellesley, d. Hampton Court Pal- ace, Dec. 17, 1853; CJLR 165 Carroll, Daniel, cousin of Charles, b. Md.; d. Washington, D. C, t«4«, at a great age. Delegate to the Old Congress, 1780-4. He was a delegate from Md. to the convention which framed the U. S. Constitution ; M. C. in 1789-91, and was in the latter year app. commissioner for surveying the Dist. of Co- lumbia. His fiirm formed the site of the pres- ent city of Washington. Carroll, Daniel Lynn, D.D., Presb. cler- gyman, b. Favette Co., Pa., 10 May, 1797 ; d. Phila., Nov. 23, 1851. Jeff. Coll. 1823. Li- censed to preach, 6 Oct. 1826. D.D. of the U. of N. Y. He succeeded Dr. Beecher as the minister of Litchfield (1827-9) ; was in 1829- 35, pastor in Brooklyn ; in 1835-8, prcs. of Hamp. Sid. Coll. ; in 1838-44, pastor in Phila.; and afterward sec. of the N. Y. Colonization Society. He pub. 2 vols, of sermons, 1846-7, some addresses, sermons, and tracts. — apratjue. Carroll, John, D.D., LL.D., cousin of Charles, R. C. bishop of the U. S., b. Upper Marlborough, Md., Jan.8, 1735; d. Bait., Dec. 3, 1815. Educated at St. Orner's, Liege, and Bruges; ord. a priest in 1769, and became a Jesuit shortly alter. In 1 770, he accomp. Lord Stourton on a tour through Europe as private tutor, and in 1773, on his return to Bruges, ac- cepted a professorship in the coll. After a brief residence in Eng., he returned to Md. in 1775, and entered upon the duties of a parish priest. Apr. 2, 1776, by desire of Congress, he accomp. Dr. Franklin, Charles Carroll, and Samuel Chase, on a mission to Canada. In 1786, at the instance of Dr. Franklin, Mr. Carroll was app. vicar-gen., and fi.\ed his abode in Balti- more. In 1789, he was named first R. C. bishop of the U. S., and went to Eng. in the summer of 1790, where he was consecrated, Aug. 15. In the same year, he returned to Baltimore, and, as the seat of his episcopal see was established in that citv, assumed the title of Bishop of Bal- timore, in 1791, he founded St. Mary's Coll., and, in 1804, obtained a charter for Baltimore Coll. Devoid of intolerance, he lived in friend- ly communion with persons of other sects. A few years before his d., he was raised to the archiepiscopacy. Carroll, Samuel Sprigg, brev. mnj.gen. XT. S. A., b. Washington, D.C. West Point, 1856. Entering the lOth Inf., he became capt. 1 Nov. 1861; col. 8th Ohio Vols., 15 Dec. 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols., 12 May, 1864 ; lieut.-col. 21st U. S. Inf., 22 Jan. 1867. He served in West Va., Dec. 1861, to May, 1862; com. a brigade in Shields'sdivi-sion, May-Aug. 1862 ; engaged at Port Republic and Cedar Mountain ; was wounded at the Rapidan, 14 Aug. 1862; com. brigade 3d corps at Fredericksburg; brev. maj. 3 May, 1863, for Chancellorsville, and lieut.-col. 3 July, 1863, for Gettysburg; com. brigade 2d corps, and brev. col. 5 May, 1864, for liattle of the Wilderness; wounded, and brev. brig.-gen., 13 Mar. 1865, for battle of Spottsylvania(9-13 May, 1864); and brev. maj.- gen. vols., and also of U. S. A , 13 Mar. -1865, for gallant and merit, services during the Re- bellion. — Ctillum. Carroll, Gen. William, soldier and statesman, b. Pittsburg, 1783; d. Nashville, Tenn., Mar. 22, 1844. He was en^'aged in the hardware business in Pittsburg, whence, in 1810, he went to Nashville. Tall, well-formed, and fond of military life, he attracted the at- tention of Jackson, by whom he was made capt. and brigaik-in^]!. in his division, Feb. 20, 1813; col and in~p.-r,i. S, |,t, 1813, to May, 1814. In 181.3. Iif loimlit a .hitl with Jesse, brotherof Col. Thos. 11. lit iit..n- Uisting. him- self at Euotochopco; was wihiimI. .1 ill tlu'li.iltle of the Horse-shoe Bend oi l,illi| -i River, Mar. 27, 1813; maj.-gen. ul I nui. iinlma, Nov. 13, 1814, to May 13, 1815 ; diMin-. in the de- fence of New Orleans, and especially in the battle of Jan. 8, 1815. Gov. of fenn. in 1821-7 and 1829-3,5. Carruthers, William A., novelist, b. Va., ab. 1800; d. ab. 1850. He was a student of Wash. Coll. in 1818; and in the Knicker- bocker Mag. for July, 1838, gives an aocountof a hazardous ascent of the Natural Bridge, Va. He pub. several works in N.Y., ab. 1834, and removed to Savannah, Ga., where he practised medicine, and wrote for the Magnolia, and other Southern magazines. He pub." The Cavaliers of Virginia," " The Kentuckians in New York, or the Adventures of Three Southerners," " The Knights of the Horse Shoe," Wetump- ka, Ala., 1845, and "Life of Dr. Caldwell." — Dui/rkiiick, Carson, Christopher, popularly known as " Kit Carson," mountaineer, trapper, and guide, h. Madison Co., Kv., Dec. 24, 1809; d. Fort Lyon, Col. Terr., May 23, 1868. While yet an infant, his family emigrated to Howard Co., Mo. He became a skilful hunter. The early years of his life were passed as a trapper ; and he was lor 8 years hunter to Bent's fort. Fremont engaged him as guide in his e.xplora- tious. In 1847, Carson was sent to Washing- ton, bearer of despatches, and received an app. as lieut. U.S. Rifles. In 1853, he drove 6,500 sheep to Cal., a diflScult undertaking, and, on his return to Taos, was app. Indian agent in New Mexico. He was subsequently largely instrumental in bringing about treaties between the U.S. and the Indians. During the late war, he rendered great service to the Union, in New Mexico, Colorado, and the Indian Territory, and was a brev. brig.-gen. At its close, he re- sumed his duties as Indian agent. In 1868, he visited Washington with a deputation of the Red men, and made a tour of several of the Northern and Eastern States. Unlike many of his profession, he was a man of remarkable modesty, and was an excellent judge of the Indian character. Carter, James Gordon, educationist, b. Leominster, Ms.. Sept. 7, 1795 ; d. Chicago, July 22, 1849. H. U. 1820. He taughtschool at Leominster until 1830. In 1823, hecontrib. to the Boston Patriot a series of papers subse- quently pub. with the title of " Carter's Essays on Popular Education." In 1823, his "Letters to the Hon. William Prescott, on the Free Schools of N.E., with Remarks on the Princi- ples of Instruction " first developed the idea of a normal scliool, or seminary for teachers. In 1824, he edited the U.S. Review, at Boston. In 1830, he assisted in organizing the Amer. Institute of Instruction, of which he was long au active member and officer. His lectures be- fore that body in 1830-31 are valuable contri- butions to it's transactions. From 1833 to 1840, he was a member of the house or senate; was chairman of the committee on education, and in 1837 drafted the bill establishing the board of education. Gov. Everett app. him the first member of the board. Author of Geography of Ms., of Middlesex and of Wor- cester Counties, 1830, and of N. H., 1831. Carter, Nathaniel Hazeltine, author, b. Concord, N.H., Sept. 17, 1787; d. Mar- seilles, France, Jan. 2, 1830. Dart. CoU. 1811. He taught school at Salisbury, N.H., and at Portland, Me. ; studied law ; and, from 1817 to 1820, was prof.of languages in Dartm. Coll. In 1820, he became editor and proprietor of the Albany Register, SiherwarA the N.Y. Statesman, a paper of Clintonian politics, and in Jan. 1822 removed to N.Y. City. He made the tour of Europe in 1825-7, and, on his return, pub. " Letters from Europe," 2 vols., 8vo, 1827. He passed the winter of 1 828 in Cuba ; relinquished his paper in 1829, and went to France for his health, and while on shipboard, believing his end near, he wrote the lines entitled " The Closing Scene; or. The Burial at Sea." His longest poetical piece, entitled " The Pains of Imagination," was delivered at Dartm. Coll. in 1824. His " Hymn for Christmas" is pre- served in " Specimens of American Poetry." Carter, Samuel Powhatan, brig-gen. vols., b. Elizabethtown, Carter Co., Tenn., Aug. 6, 1819. He was educated at N.J. Coll., and, in Feb. 1840, became midshipman in the navy. From 1851 to 1853, he was assist, in- structor of inf. tactics at the naval aoad. In 1855, he was made lieut. ; was present at the capture of Vera Cruz, serving on board " The Ohio," and also assisted in the capture of the Barrier forts near Canton, China, in 1856, and was complimented for gallantry on that occa- sion. He was ordered again to the Annapolis naval school as assist, instructor of seaman- ship, 1858-9. In July, 1S61, he was tempora- rily transferred to the war dept., for the special duty of organizing troops from East Tenn. He was app. col. 2d Tenn. Vols. ; was acting brigadier at the battle of Mill Spring, and was made brig.-gen. May 1, 1862. In Dec. 1862, he com. a cavalry exped. which cut the E.Tenn. Eailroad, destroying nearly 100 miles of the track, besides inflicting other damage. He participated in the capture of Knoxville, and com. in E. Tenn. in the fiill of 1863. He com. a div. under Gen. Schofieid in the N.C. cam- paign of Mar 1865. Cartier, Hon. George Etienne, Canadi- an lawyer and statesman, descended from Jacques, b. St. Antoine, L.C., 6 Sept. 1814. St. Sulpice Coll., Montreal. In 1835, he began practice Montreal ; member of the Canadi- parliament, 1848-61 ; prov. sec. Jan.-May, 1856; atty.-gen. May 24, 1856; leader of the French Canadian conservative party; prime- minister, Aug. 1858-May, 1862 ; atty.-gen. for Lower Canada, Mar. 1864; delegate to Eng. on the questions of confederation and theinter- colonial railway in 1865, and again in 1866. Author of many legislative and judicial re- forms. Cartier (kar'-teea'), Jacques, a French navigator b. St. Malo, Dec. 31, 1494; d. ab. 1555. The importance of having a colony near the Hiheries of Newfoundland induced Francis I., after some unsuccessful attempts, to send out Cartier In 1534. He sailed from St. Malo, Apr. 20, with 2 shipsof 60 tons, and 122 men. May 10, he saw Bona Vista, on the Is- land of Newfoundland ; but, compelled by the ice to steer to the south, he entered a harbor at the distance of 5 leagues, to which he gave the name of St. Catharine. Entering the Straits of Belle Isle, he visited the greater part of the coast of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and took possession of the country in the name of the king. A bay which he discovered, was, on ac- count of the'sultry weather experienced in it, named by him de Chaleur; and he explored the great river afterwards called the St. Lawrence, returning home in Sept. A settlement having been determined upon, he received a more ample commission, was assigned 3 vessels, and sailed May 19, 1535. A.scending the St. Law- rence, he discovered an Island, which he named Bacchus, but which is now called Orleans, in the vicinity of Quebec, and continued his voyage as far as Hochelaga, an Indian settle- ment upon an island which he called Monte Ro>/al, now Montreal. He set sail for France in the following May, taking with him 10 of the natives, and arrived in July. In May, 1540, as pilot, with the command of 5 ships under Roberval, commissioned lieut.-gov. of Canada, he sailed on his third expedition, and built a fort which he called Charlesbourg, near the present site of Quebec. On his way to France, in the spring of 1542, he stopped at St. John's, Newfoundland, where he met Ro- berval, who did not accompany him in his voy- age, by whom he was ordered to return to Canada; but choosing, rather, to pursue his voyau'e to France, he sailed out of the harbor privately in the night. After his return from his second voyage, he pub. (1545) "Memoirs of Canada." The journals of the two first jour- neys of Cartier are contained in the 32d vol. of Ramusio's Italian Collection(Venice, 1565), also in Lescarbot's " Histoire de la Nouvelle France ; " a description of his 3d journey is in the 3d vol. of Hakluyt's " Principal Naviga- tors," &c, 1600. Cartwright, Col. George, was one of the commissioners to N.E. with NicoUs, Carr, and Maverick, in 1664. When, on their arri- val at Boston, the commissioners informed the General Court that they should next day sit and hear a cause against the gov. and company, the court pub. " by sound of trumpet " its disap- probation of this proceeding, and prohibited all persons from abetting It. The commission- ers, finding that they had to deal with men of this stamp, soon "departed in displeasure. Cartwright, on his voyage to Eng. In 1665, was taken by the Dutch, and barely escaped with his life. Cartwright, Capt. George, author of "A Journal of Transactions and Events during a Residence of nearlv 16 Years in Labrador," 3 vols., 1792, Newark; b. Marnham, 1739; d. 1819. In the T-years' war, he served in Germa- ny, and attained the rank of capt. Cartwright, Major John, political re- CJLR 167 former, b. Eng., Sept. 28, 1740; d. London, Sept. 23, 1824. He had been an officer in the British army. In 1774, he attracted notice by advocating the freedom of the Colonies, and, in 1775, pub. a tract, entitled "American Inde- pendence the Glory and Interest of Great Bri- tain." This publication caused a rupture be- tween him and his friend. Lord Howe, whose oflFer of a com. under him, a^'ainst the Ameri- cans, he had rejected. It advocated a union between the Colonies and the mother-country under separate legislatures, and placed the question on the foundation of natural, inherent right. April 2, 1777, he presented to the king an address, recommending peace with Amer., and proposing the union he had before sug- gested iu his letters on Amer. independence. In 1780, he joined with Dr. Jebb and Granville Sharpe in forming the " Society for Constitu- tional Information." His sentiments in favor of liberty subjected him to trial, and the pay- ment of a fine, June 1, 1821. He pub. several political tracts, and, in his "Letters on the Slave Trade," favored the making that traffic piracy. His Life and Corresp., by his niece, Frances D. Cartwright, contains a map of his discoveries and explorations in Newfoundland, remarks on the aborigines, corresp. with Thos. Jefferson, &c. Carvajal (kar-vij-hal'), Francis db, a Spanish captain, b. ab. 1464; d. 1548. He disting. himself at the battle of Pavia, and at the sack of Home in 1527; then served in Amer., whither avarice had led him, and con- tributed to the victory of Chiapas, which Vaca de Castro, gov. of Peru, obtained over the young Almagro, and, in 1542, became a major- gen. Ranging himself on the side of Gonzales Pizarro, he became the soul of his party. Made prisoner with him in 1548, he was condemned to be hung. He was then 84 years old. Car- vajal resembled the other conquerors of the New World, both in valor and cruelty. More than 20,000 Indians whom he had enslaved are said to have given way under the weight of the labor he had heaped upon them. Carvallo (kar-val'-yo), MiNnEL, lawyer and diplomatist of Chili, b. Santiago, June, 1808. Finishing his education in the National Institute in 1830, he was at once app. chief clerk of the congress of plenipotentaries at San- tiago, chief clerk of the state dept., represen- tative in Congress, and ckiirg€ d'affaires to tlie U. S. He m. at Washington, returned home in 1835, and became a disting. lawyer. Minis- ter to the U. S. in 1846. He has a profound knowledge of the law of nations ; is a member of the committee to reform the Chilian Code ; of the faculty of law and political science of the U. of Chili, and of some foreign societies. His printed legal opinions and arguments form a thick vol. Carver, John, first gov. of Plymouth, b. Eng. ; d. Plymouth, Ms., April 5, 1621. He had a good estate in Eng., which he spent in the emigration to Holland and Amer., and was a deacon or elder in Mr. Robinson's church. He had quitted his country for the sake of re- ligion, and had established himself at Leyden, when he was sent to effect a treaty with the Va. Company concerning territory in N. Amer. He obtained a patent in 1619, embarked in " The Mayflower," and, after a dangerous voy- age, landed at Plymouth, Dec 21, 1620. Pre- vious to their landing, on Nov. 21, the colonists agreed upon and subscribed a written instru- ment, by which they formed themselves into a body politic for their better order and preset^ vation ; and Carver was unanimously elected gov. He managed the affairs of the infant colony with prudence ; was a man of great piety, integrity, and firmness of mind ; and exhibited great address in his intercourse with the Indi- ans, but died soon after landing. Carver, Jo.vathan, traveller, b. Stillwater, Ct., 1732; d. London, Jan. 31, 1780. In the French war, he com. with reputation a company of provincials in the expod. against Canada. In 1763, he undertook to explore the vast territory gained by Great Britain in N. Amer. He ac- cordingly left Boston in 1766, and having reached Michilimacinac, the remotest English post, applied to Mr. Rogers, the gov., for an assortment of goods, as presents for the Indians inhabiting the track he intended to pursue. Having received a part of the required supply, with a promise that the remainder should be sent after him at the Falls of St. Anthony, he continued his journey ; but, the remainder of the goods not reaching him, he was under the necessity of returning to Prairie du Chien. Hence, in the beginning of 1767, he directed his steps northward, with a view of finding a communication from the heads of the Missis- sippi into Lake Superior. He readied Lake Superior, and returned, after continuing some months on its northern and eastern borders, and exploring the bays and rivers that empty themselves into this large body of water. Soon after his arrival at Boston, in Oct. 1768, up to which time he had travelled near 7,000 miles, he set out for Eng., " to communicate the dis- coveries he made, and render them beneficial to that kingdom." On his arrival, he presented a petition to the king, praying for a re-imburse- ment of the sums he had expended ; and, after undergoing an examination by the board of trade, he received permission to publish hia papers. His travels were pub. in 1778. The profits he derived from it were, however, in- sufficient to relieve his necessities ; and, in the winter of 1779, he obtained a subsistence by acting as clerk in a lottery-office. Having sold his name to a historical comijilation, which was pub. in 1779, in folio, entitled " The New Universal Traveller," containing an accountof all the empires, kingdoms, and states in the known world, he was abandoned by those whose duty it was to support him. In the early part of 1780, he was reduced to a state of extreme destitution, and was carried off by dysentery. The (■ircumstances of his death were made known to the public by the benevo- lent Dr. Lettsom, who brought out a new edi- tion of his travels, for the benefit of his widow and children, and made such a representation of the author's sufferings, as finally led to the institution of the Literary Fund. Besides his " Travels," Carver wrote an excellent trea- tise on the cultivation of the tobacco-plant. Cary, Col. Archibald, patriot and states- man, b. Va.,ab. 1730; d. Ampthill, Sept. 1786. 168 He early became a member of the H. of bur- gesses. In 1764, he served on the committee which reported the address to tlie king, lords, and commons ; in 1773, he was one of the com- mittee of correspondence, and he served with distinction in the convention of 1776. As chair- man of the committee of the whole, he reported the resolutions instructing the Va. delegates in Congress to propose independence. Upon the organization of the State govt., he was re- turned to the senate, where he presided with great dignity and efficiency until his death. He was descended from Henry, Lord Hunsdon, and at the time of his death was heir-apparent of the barony. He was a man of smgular courage and intrepidity, short in stature, but possessed of great personal beauty. Gary, Joh.v, colored servant of Washing- ton, whom he accomp. in the old French war, at Braddock's defeat, and through the lievol. war ; b. Westmoreland County, Va., Aug. 1729; d. at Washington, June 2, 1843, in his 1 14th year. Gary, Lott, a Baptist preacher, originally a slave in Va., b. there ab. 1780; d. Monrovia, Nov. 10, 1828. In 1807, he joined a Baptist church in Richmond, Va., made rapid progress in learning, and soon, CKldbiting talents of a superior order, became a preacher, and saved a sum sufficient to purchase the freedom of him- self and family. He accomp. a colony of emi- grants to Liberia in 1821, the existence of which was mainly preserved by his etforts, in appreciation of which, he was in 1825 elected the vice-agent. While engaged with others in making cartridges for an e.xped. against the natives, who had robbed a neighboring fac- tory, a candle was overturned, occasioning an explosion, which caused the death of Carey and seven others. Gary, Col. Richard, aide-de-camp to Washington in the Revol., b. Charlestown, Ms., Jan. 13, 1747 ; d. Dec. 13, 1806. H. U. 1763. App. A. D. C, 21 June, 1776. Gary, Col. Simeon, b^ Bridgewater, Ms., Dec. 6, 1719; d. 1802. Capt. in the French war, col. in the Revol., and held many local ofiSces. Gasa Irujo de (ka-jae-roo-ho), Carlos Maria, Martinez, Marquis, a Spanish statesman, b. Cartagena, 1765; d. 1824. From 1795 to 1808, be was minister to the U.S., where he m. a dau. of Gov. Thos. McKean. Plenipo. at the congress of Aix-la-Ohapelle in 1818 ; ambassador to Faris in 1821 ; minis- ter of foreign affairs, and pres. of the council, 1823-4. Gasal de (da-ka-sal'), Manuel Ayres, a Portuguese geographer, who emigrated to Bra- zil in his youth ; made explorations there, resid- ing some time in Rio Janeiro, and d. in Lis- bon many years after the publication of his Historical and Geographical Description of Brazil, 1817. Gasas (dalaskii-sas), Bartholomew DE LAS, a philanthropic Spanish missionary, h. Seville, 1474; d. Madrid in 1566. In 1493, he, with his father, accomp. Columbus to the West Indies. 5 years after, he returned to Spain, and entered the ecclesiastical order. He again accomp. Columbus in his second, third. and fourth voyages ; was ordained on his arrival at St. Domingo in 1510, and, on the conquest of Cuba, settled there, and disting. himself by his humane conduct towards the oppressed na- tives, over whom he attained great influence. Besides setting at liberty those who had fallen to his share in the division, he interested him- self so much fur them, that, in 1516, he went to Spain to lay a statement of their case before King Ferdinand, whose death at that time pre- vented any measures for their redress. The regent. Cardinal Ximenes, however, app. a com- mission, whom Las Casas accomp. with th; title of " Protector of the Indians." He next ap- plied for a grant of an unoccupied tract in order to try his own plan with a new colony. Having obtained this, with 200 persons whom he had persuaded to accompany him, he landed at Porto Rico in 1521, but found an exped. advancing to ravage this very tract, and con- vey its inhabitaTits to Hispaniola as slaves. He endeavored in vain to prevent the threat- ened danger, and with a few adherents returned to Hispaniola to solicit succor. During his absence, the natives attacked the colonists with such success, that, in a short time, not a Span- iard remained in that part of America. In despair at the failure of his project. Las Casas retired to the Dominican Convent at St. Do- mingo, and assumed the habit of the order. While on a mission to Spain in 1542, he com- posed his celebrated treatise, "Brevissima Rela- cion de la Destruccion des Indes," in which ho exposed the cruelties practised by the Span iards. His unremitting perseverance at length obtained a new code of laws and regu- lations, by which the natives were greatly relieved. He returned in 1544, at the age of 70, and for the 8th time, to Amer. as Bishop of Chiapa, which office he resigned upon his return to Spain in 1551. He met with diffi- culties in the administration of his bishopric, and, having refused the sacraments to those of the colonists who reduced the Indians to sla- very, drew upon himself not only the hostility of the planters, but also the disapproval of the church. The charge that he advised the im- portation of negro slaves as a substitute for In- dians has been completely refuted by M. Gre- goire, says the "Nouvelle Biographie G6\&ah." He composed several unpublished works, among which is a " General History of the Indies," which greatly assisted Hcrrera in his history. All his works display profound learn- ing, piety, and sound judgment. Gase, Augustus Ludlow, commodore U.S.N., b. Newburgh, N.Y., Feb. 3, 1812 ; mid- shipm. Apr. 1, 1828; lieut. Feb. 25, 1841; comm.ander, Sept. 14, 1855 ; capt. Jan. 2, 1863 ; commo. Dec. 8, 1867. He served in the Bra- zil squad, and in the W.I., 1828-34 ; in the ex- ploring exped., 1838-42. During the Mexican war, 1846-8, he participated in the capture of Vera Cruz, Alvarado, and Tabasco ; after taking possession of Laguna, he took with 25 men, and held for a fortnight, the town of the same name on the Palisada River; com. steamer " Caledonia," Brazil squadron and Paraguay exped., 1859; com. steam-frigate "Minnesota," 1861-2; engaged Forts Clark and Hatteras, Aug. 28, 29, 1861 ; took part ia 169 -8, 18 /iU/^ ?/» the battle of Roanoke Island, Feb. com. Iroquois N.A. blockad. squad. 1863. He had charge of the blockade of New Inlet, N.C., and was engaged in cutting out the steamer " Kate " from under the batteries at New Inlet. Lighthouse insp. 1867-69; chief of bureau of ordnance, Aug. 10, 1869. Casey, Gen. Levi, Revol. officer; M.C. 180.3-7, b. S.C, 1749; d. Washington, D.C., Feb. 1, 1807. He com. a company, with which he assisted in the assault on Savannah; was disting. at Roclcy Mount, Hanging Rock, Musgrovc's, King's Mountain, Fishing Creek, Blackstocks, and the Cowpens, where he per- formed services of great importance to Mor- gan ; and represented the Newbury dist. in the State learisl. and in Congress. — Nat. Intell. Feb. 6, 1807. Casey, Silas, brev. ninj.-gen. U.S.A., b. 'i^ii-)-.East Greenwich, R.I., July 12, 1807. West y/;, Point, 1826. Entering the 2d Inf., he became ''''^capt. 1 July, 1839, disting. under Worth in Flor- ida war in 1837-41 ; brev. major forContreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847 ; com. and severely wounded while leading stormers at Chupultepec ; and brev. lieut.-col. July, 1848 ; lieut.-col. 9th Inf., March 3, 1855 ; com. and disting. in operations against Indians on Puget's Sound, W.T., 18.i6 ; col. 4th Inf., Oct. 9, 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols.,Aug. 31, 1861, and charged with organizing and disciplining the vols, in and near the capital. He was afterward assigned a division in Gen. Keyes's corps of the Army of the Potomac, and, occupying with it the ex- treme advance before Richmond, received tlie first attack of the enemy at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862, for which he was brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A.; raaj.-gen. May 31, 1862; brev.maj.-gen. U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865, for gallant and merit, .services in the Rebellion. Retired July 8, 1868. In 1867, he received the thanks of the R.I. legisl. for his services in the Rebellion, and especially for his bravery, skill, and energy at the battle of Fair Oaks. Author of " System of Infuntrv Tactics," 2 vols., 1861, and of " In- fantrv Tactics for Colored Troops," 1863.— Cul/um. Casilear, J. W., landscape-painter of New York. Engraver and designer for the Amer. Bank Note Co. until 1854. He spent 2 years in Europe in 1840-2, visiting the great {jalleries of art. In 1857-8, he sketched in Switzerland and Savoy. He excels in lake scenes and in Alpine peaks. Among his best works are "Lake George," "June," "Swiss Lake," " The Four Seasons," and " Chocorua Mountain, N.H." His works evince truth, precision, and delicacy. He m. a N.H. lady in 1867. Cass, Lewis, statesman, b. Exeter, N.H., 9 Oct. 1782; d. Detroit, 17 June, 1866. Son of Jonathan, capt. in Revol. army, who d. Zanesville, O., 14 Aug. 1830, a. 77. At 17, withan academic education, he crossed the Alle- ghany Mountains on foot, studied law, and be- gan practice in Zanesville, ab. 1802. ' Member O. legisl. at 25 ; marshal of the State in 1807- 13 ; col. 3d 0. regt., which, under Gen. Hull, invaded Canada, and surrendered at Detroit, Aug. 16, 1812 ; app. col. 20th Inf., Feb. 1813 ; brig.-gen. U.S.A., 12 Mar. 1813, and was a vol. aide to Harrison at the battle of the Thames; app. gov. of Michigan Terr., Oct. 1813, and, as superintendent of Indian affairs, negotiated 19 Indian treaties. In 1819-20, he organized a scientific exploration of the Up- per Mpi. Resigning the office of gov. in 1831, he was app., in July, sec. of war by Pres. Jack- son ; was minister to France in 1836-42; U.S. senator, 1845-8, and, nominated by the Democ. convention at Baltimore to the presi- dency in May, 1848, received 137 electoral votes to 163 for Gen. Taylor, the Whig candi- date. Again U.S. senator, 1851-Mar. 1857, he voted for Douglas's Kansas-Nebraska Bill in 1854. Sec. of State to Pres. Buchanan, Mar. 1857-Dcc. 1860, resigning on account of the pres. declining tore-enforce the garrison of Fort Sumter. While see. of war, the policy of removing the Indians to the west of the Mpi., which he strenuously advocated, led to the war wiih the Seminoles in Florida, who were finally subdued at the cost of much blood and treasure. At the close of his diplomatic career, he attacked the "quintuple treaty," for the suppression of the slave-trade. His criti- cisms on the Ashburton Treaty, negotiated by Mr. Webster, then sec. of State, produced a sharp controversy between the two. In his letter to Mr. Nicholson, in Dec. 1847, he op- posed the Wilmot Proviso, and questioned the power of Congress to exclude slavery from the Territories. It first enunciated the doc- trineof " Popular (Squatter) Sovereignty." He supported the compromise measures of 1850, and favored a compromise in the disunion movement that followed Mr. Lincoln's election. Though approving Buchanan's denial of the existence of any power in the Constitution to coerce a State, he was yet in full sympathy with the national cause during the Rebellion. Author of " France, its King, Court, and Gov- ernment," 1840 ; articles upon Indian affairs in the N. A. Review, Nos. 50 and 55, also contrib. to the Soiilhern Lit.Messenqer. — See Schoolaqfl, Life of Cass, 1848; W. L. G. Smith, Life of Cass, 1856. Cassia, John, capt. U.S.N., b. Phila., ab. 1750; d. Charleston, S.C, Mar. 24, 1822. He was app. from the merchant-service a lieut. in the navy, Nov. 13, 1799 ; master, Apr. 2, 1806; post capt. July 3, 1812. He com. the naval forces in the Delaware, for the protec- tion of Phila., in the War of 1812. Father of Com. Stephen Cassin, U.S.N. Cassin, John, ornithologist, b. near Ches- ter, Pa., Sept. 6, 1813 ; d. Jan. 10, 1869. He removed to Phila. in 1 834, and, excepting a few years of mercantile pursuit, devoted himself to ornithology. He contrib. descriptions of new species to the Proceedings and the Journal of the Phila. Acad, of Natural Science, and pub. " Birds of California and Texas," 8vo, con- taining descriptions and colored engravings of 50 species not given by Audubon ; a " Sy- nopsis of the Birds ofN. America," " Ornithol- ogy of the U.S. Exploring Exped.," " Ornithol- ogy of the Japan Exploring Exped.," "Orni- thology of Gilliss's Astronomical Exped. to Chili," and the chapters on rapacious and wad- ing Birds in " The Ornithology of the Pacific Railroad Explorations and Surveys." He was 170 of a Quaker family, several of whom have (listing, themselves in the naval and military service. Com. John Cassin was his great-un- cle. Cassin, Stephen, commodore U.S.N., h. Phila., Fub. 16, 1783; d. Georgetown, D.C., Aug. 29, 1837. Son of Capt. John Cassin. Entered the navy as midshipman, Feb. 21, 1800; became a lieut. Feb. 12, 1807 ; master, Sept. 11, 1814; capt. Mar. 3, 1825. Served with distinction in the war with Tripoli ; com. " The Ticonderoga," in Macdonough's victory on Lake Champlain; was rewarded by Congress with a gold medal for bravery in that action, and was a terror to the pirates who infested the West Indies, and captured 4 of their ves- sels, Sept. 28, 29, 1822. Castilla (kas-tel'-ya), Ramon, pres. of Peru; b. Tarapaca, Aug. 31, 1797; d. Mav 25, 1867. In 1821, Castilla, then a lieut. in the Spanish cavalry, joined the liberating army, and disting. himself. In 1834, he fought brave- ly against Pres. Orbegoso, when the latter be- trayed his country to Santa Cruz, pres. of Bolivia. In 1844, he overthrew the dictator Vivanco, for which eminent service ho was elected pres. in 1845. Under his administra- tion, negroes received equality of rights, Indi- ans were freed from oppressive burdens, capi- tal punishment was abolislied, and freedom of the press secured. At the close of his term, in 1851, he was succeeded by Gen. Echenique, but usurped the power in 1855, and was re- elected pres. in Aug. 1858. In 1861, he made an unsuccessful attempt to anne.\ Bolivia. In 1867, he headed an insurrection against Pres. Prado. Castilla was one of the last of the representative men who freed S. Amer. from Spanish rule. Castin (kas-teen'), Vincent, baron de, b. Oleron, France. Was of a noble family ; was well educated ; was col. of the king's body- guard, and of the regt. of Carignan, which he accomp. to Canada in 1665. Disbanded at the close of the war, he established a trading- house, at Penobscot, now Castine, in 1687, and m. the dau. of Madocawando, a Penobscot chief. During his absence in 1688, his house was pillaged by the English. In 1696, he, with Iberville, led 200 savages against Pemaquid, which he captured. In 1706, he assisted in the defence of Port Royal, and again in 1707, when he was wounded. He was much es- teemed by the Indians, and feared by the Eng- lish. His son, the Baron de St. Castin, who succeeded him in the com. of the Penobscot Indians, was surprised in Dec. 1721, and car- ried prisoner to Boston. He d. on his estate in France. Castries (kas'-tre'), Armand Nicolas AuGC8TiNE, Due DE, son of the Marshal de Cas- tries, and a col. in the Amer. war, where he was known .is the Count de Chnrlus, b. Apr. 1756 ; d. 1842. Col. en second regt. Sainlom/e; made brig, of cavalry in 1782; received the brevet title of Duke de Castries in 1784. He was deputy to the nat. as.sembly in 1789, and defended the monarchy with such energy as occasioned a duel with Charles Laraeth. In 1794, he raised a corps of emigrants in the pay of Eng., returned to France with Louis XVIII., and was made a peer and lieut.-gen. He waa gov. of Rouen when Napoleon returned from Elba, and made strenuous efforts in the cause of royalty. CastXO de (Ja kiis'-tro), Vaca, a Spanish officer, b. at Leon ; d. 1558. He was ajudge of the Royal Court at Valladolid, when, in 1540, Charles V. sent him as gov. to Peru, then dis- turbed by the rebellion of Almagro. In 1542, a battle was fought at Chupas, in which Al- magro was defeated and taken, and, by order of Castro, executed on the spot. Super- seded in 1544, he returned to Spain, where he was several years imprisoned. — Prescott's Con- guest of Peru. Caswell, Alexis, D.D. (B.U. 1841), LL.D. (1865), pres. of Brown U. since Feb. 1808. B.U. 1822. Prof of languages Col. Coll., DC; prof, of math, and nat. philos. B.U., 1828-50, and of math and astron., 1850- 64. Author of " A Memoir of John Barstow," 1864. Richard, statesman and soldier, b. Md., Aug. 3, 1729; d. Fayetteville, N.C., Nov. 20, 1789. He moved toN.C. in 1746; was for some years employed in the public of- fices, and afterward studied and practised law successfully. He was a member of the assem- bly from 1754 to 1771 ; speaker of the house in 1770-1, and com. the right wing of Gov. Tryon's forces at the battle of Allamance, May 16, 1771. Identifyinghimself with the patriots at the breaking-out of the Revol., he was a dele- gate to Congress in 1774-5; treasurer of the southern district of N.C., Sept. 1775 ; 3 years pres. of the Prov. Congress, which framed the State constitution in Nov. 1776, and was gov. of the State during the trying period of 1777-9. Feb. 27, 1776, he com. at the battle of Moore's Creek, defeating a large body of loyalists under Gen. McDonald, who was made prisoner, — a victory of great benefit to the patriot cause in N.C., and which earned for him the thanks of Congress and the app. of mnj.-gen. for the dis- trict of Newbern. In 1780, he led the State troops in the disastrous battle of Camden ; was chosen speaker of the senate, and controller-gen. in 1782; was again gov. in 1784-6; was a delegate to the convention which framed the Federal Constitution in 1787, and in 1789 was elected to the State senate from Dobbs Co., and also a member of the convention which in Nov. ratified the Federal Constitution. When the assembly met, he was chosen speaker, and while presiding, Nov. 5, 1789, was struck with paralysis. He was grand-master of Free Masons in N.C. ; and on his death a funeral oration was delivered by Francois X. Martin. His son William served through the Rcvol., and was a brig.-gen. of militia in 1781. Catesby, Mark, F.R.S., naturalist, b. Eng., 1679; d. London, Dec. 24, 1749. A taste for natural history, early imbibed, induced him in 1710, after studying the natural sciences in London, to make a voyage to Va., where he was occupied in collecting its various produc- tions. He returned to Eng. in 1719, with a rich collection of plants, but at the suggestion of Sir H.ins Sloane, and other eminent natu- ralists, re-embarked for Amer., with the pro- fessed purpose of describing, delineating, and CA.T 171 collecting the most curious natural objects in that country, arriving in May, 1722. He re- sided cliiefly in Carolina, whence he made excursions "to Ga., Fla., and the Bahama Is- lands, and, on his return to Eng. in 1 726, he prepared for publication, in two vols. foMo, " The Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands," 17.31-48. In this work were found the first descriptions of several plants which are now cultivated in all Euro- pean gardens. The figures were etclied by himself, from his own paintings; and the colored copies were executed under his own inspection. Catesby was a fellow of the Roy. Society, to whose transactions he contrib. a paper assert- ing the migration of birds, on his own obser- vations. A phint of the tetrandrous class has been called, after him, Catesbca, by Gronovins. He wrote " Hoiim Brittanno Aimricanus." Cathcart, William Shaw, Earl, soldier and diplomatist, b. 1755; d. June 16, 1843. Educated at the U. of Glasgow, and designed for the law. Entered the army in June, 1777 ; came to Amer., and served with the 16th dra- goons, and afterward as the aide of Gen. T. S. Wilson and Sir Henry Clinton. He served gallantly at the storming of Forts Montgomery and Clinton, and was wounded at Brandywine and at Monmouth. He raised and com. the Caledonian Vols., subsequently known as Tar- leton's British Legion ; maj. 38th Foot, April 13, 1779, and com. that regt. in the actions at SpringKeld and Elizabeth town, N.J., in June, 1780; served as quartermaster-gen. until the arrival of Gen. Dalrymple; was present at the siege of Charleston, and returned to Eng. in Oct.; briff.-gen. in 1793, under J^ord Moira, and served under the Duke of York in 1794 ; lieut.-gen. 1801 ; com. in Hanoverin 1805 ; was minister to Sweden in 1807, and joined Lord Gambier in the exped. against Copenhagen ; made viscount, Nov. 3, 1807; gen. in 1813; minister to Russia, 1813-14, and created a Bri- tish peer, June 18, 1814. He was the represen- tative of England in the Congress of Vienna. In April, 1779, he ra. thedau. of Andrew Elliot ofN.Y. Cathrall, Isaac, M.D., physician, b. Phila., 1764; d. Feb. 22, 1819. 'He studied medicine under Dr. Redman, and in London, Edinburgh, and Paris. Returned home early in 1793, anil during the prevalence of yellow-fever in that year (in which he suffered severely with the disease), and in 1797-9, he remained at his post, and even dissected those who d. of the disease. He pub. " Remarks on the Yellow- Fever," 1794; "Buchan's Domestic Medicine, with Notes," 1797 ; " Memoir on the Analysis of the Black Vomit," 1800, in vol. 5 of "the "Trans, of the Amcr. Philos. Society," and a pamphlet on the yellow-fever in conjunction with Dr. Currie, in 1802. He was a surgeon of the city almshouse from 1810 to 1816. — Thacher, Catlin, Georoe, artist, and tourist among the Indians, b. Wyoming Valley, Pa., ab. 1796. His father was a lawyer. George studied law in Ct., practised 2 years, and subsequently, though uninstructed in the art, became a painter in Phila. In 1832-9, he visited .some 48 Indian tribes, painted 200 of the chiefs and His warriors. He also visited Fla. and Ark. letters were pub. in 2 vols.,8vo, with illu tions, 1841; also "North-American Portfolio of Hunting-Scenes," fol., 25 plates, Lond., 1844; " Notes of 8 Years' Travel and Resilience in Europe," Lond., 2 vols., 8vo, 1848; "Life among the Indians," " Okeepah,"Lond., 1867. His gallery of aboriginal portraits was exhib- ited ill the principal cities of America and Europe. Catron, John, jurist, b. Wythe Co., Va., 1778; d. Nashville, Tenn., 30 May, 1865. With only a common school education, he studied in Tenn., and was adm. to the bar in 1815. He served one campaign, under Gen. Jackson ; became State atty. for his circuit, and removing in 1818 to Nashville, where he sub- sequently resided, attained high rank as a chancery lawyer ; chosen judge of the State Supreme Court in Dee. 1824 ; he wa-s chief- justice in 1830-6, and in March. 1837, was madeajusticeoftheU.S. Supreme Court, where his great knowledge of the laws applicable to land-titles rendered him exceedingly useful. In 1860-61, he opposed secession, and was driven from the State, but returned in 1862. His State decisions are in " Yerger'sTcnn. Re- ports," i.-viii.; his opinions as a national judge, in -the later vols, of Peters, the 20 vols, of Howard, and the 2 vols, of Black. Caulkins, Frances .Manwaring, au- thor, b. N. London, Ct., April 26, 1795; d. there Feb. 3. 1869. She t,aught school in Nor- wich and N. London, until 1834, when she adopted literature as a profession, residing in New Haven from 1836 to 1842,_and afterward in N. London. She was a contrib. in prose and verse to the N. London papers, and wrote for the Amer. Tract Society ; 6 vols of " Bible Studies," 1854-9 ; and " Eve and Her Daugh- ters," 1861. She was also a contrib. to their American Messmr/er. Author of a " History of Norwich," 1845, a new and enlarged edition, 1866, 8vo, and "History of New London," 8vo, 1852 and I860. She was a member of several historical societies. Cavendish, Lord John, a British states- man. Son of the 4th Duke of Devonshire ; d. Dec. 19, 1796. He was one of the lords of the treasury under the ministry of the Marquis of Rockingham, and, in the Amcr. war, was a constant opponent of Lord North, whom he succeeded as chancellor of the exchequer in 1782. Cavendish, Thomas, an eminent English navigator, b. 1564; d. 1593. He was the son of a gentleman who possessed a good estate at Trimley St. Martin, in Suffolk, which he in- herited; but, having impoverished himself by living at court, he fitted out some vessels for a predatory exped. against the Spanish-American Colonies, with a view to retrieve his affairs. He sailed from Plymouth with 3 small ships, July 21, 1586, and after having ravaged the western coasts of America, and taken a Spanish vessel of 700 tons, richly laden, he sailed across the South Sea, and returned bv way of the Cape of Good Hope to Eng., Sept. 9, 1588; having circumnavigated the globe in less time CER 172 CtCA. than any preceding adventurer. The great wealth, as well as fame, which he acquired from tliis undertaking, prompted liim to engage in another voyage, on which he embarlced Aug. 26, 1591. Te'mpestuous weather, sicljness, and other causes, contributed to render the scheme unfortunate; and Cavendish himself died on the coast of Brazil, or on the passage home, from sifkness, and grief at his ill success. Au- thor of " Voyage to Mu.^'ellanica in 1586." Cerrachi (cha -rak'-kce). Giuseppe, an Italian sculptor, and au ardent Republican, guillotined tor conspiring against Napoleon, 1802, b. ab. 1760. Came to Phila. in 1791, and executed a noble bust of Washington, also of Ale.x. Hamilton, and other eminent men. When Bonaparte invaded Italy in 1796, he made a statue of that general. In 1800, hav- ing formed with Arena and others a design to ass.assinate the first consul, he proposed to make another statue ; but his design was de- tected, Chabert (shil'-bair'), Joseph Bernard, Munpii-i ..f, a distinguished navigator, astron- omer III I eo-i i|ihcr, b. Toulon, Feb. 28, 17JI •.'..., hr. 1,1805. He entered the na\ I I i: tl ; was an enthusiastic to- Iio:,'r:i!ili ■! , ;iii: limed and executed maps of the shores ot M. America and the Mediterra- nean, especially of Greece; became in 1758 a member of the French Academy, and, during the Amer. war, he disting. himself so highly, that, in 1781, he was made commander of a squadron, and vice-admiral, 1792. Driven by the Kevol. to England, he returned to Paris in 1802, when Bonaparte assigned him a pen- sion, and, in 1804, app. him to the board of longitude. One of his principal works com- prises his observations on the American coast, and is entitled " Vui/ages snr les Coles de I 'Am€- rinue Seiiteiitrionale," Paris, 1753. 4to. — Nouo. Bio,,. On. Chalkley, Thomas, Quaker preacher, b. London, Mar 3, 1675 ; d. Tortola, one of the Friendly Islands, Sept. 4. 1741. He was pressed on board a man-of-war at the age of 20, but was dismissed, as his principles forbade him to fight. After finishing his apprenticeship to a trade, he travelled and preached in Eng. for a few months, and engaged in the love of the gospel to visit friends in Amer. Landing in Md. in Jan. 1698, he travelled one year, visiting N. Eng. and Va., and, after " several good and open meetings in Va.," returned to Eng. After a journey to Ireland, he removed permanently to Amer. Settling his wife in Phila., 1701, he occupied himself in journeys through various parts of the country. In 1707, heagain visited Barbadoes ; sailed thence for Eng , and was shipwrecked on the Irish coast. Upon leaving Ireland, he journeyed through Great Britain, and, after a visit to Holland and Germany, re- turned to Phila. His " Journal," which he continued to within a few days of his death, was pub., with a coll. of the author's writings, in Phila. in 1749, reprinted at N.Y. in 1808. By a bequest in his will, he founded the Library of the Friends at Phila. — Dai/rUnc/c. Chalmers, Geouge, historical and political writer, b. Fochabers, Scotland, 1742 ; d. in London, May 21, 1825. He was educated at King's Coll., Aberdeen, and at r:diuhurgh. In 1763, he aeconip. his uncle to Amor, for the purpose of giving liiin legal assistunee in the recovery of a large truet of hind in Mil, and practised his profession at lialiimc.ir, wline in a few years he acquired an exti n n> uml |,r.,lit- able business. On the bn .iLm ' mil mI the Revol. in 1775, he went to ICn ■ nm one ..I the least suffering loyalists. Xm ,, reiving eom- pensation for his losers, lie a|i|ilir,l himself to the preparation of hi. ■ I'ohiie;,] .Vnnalsof the Present United Colonies," |,ul,. m 1780 ; " An Introduction to the llistury of the Revolt of the Colonics ; " " Estimatoof the Comparative Streng^th of Great Britain during the Present and Four Preceding Reigns," which went through several editions, and was translated into French and German ; and " Opinions on Interesting Subjects of Public Law and Com- mercial Policy, arising from Ameiieaii In- dependence." In Aug. 17.'S(., Ill u.i-.ii.i, ( hirf clerk of the board of trade ;:, I. i , ri,, i. u 40 years, continued to pnh. a . . :,,, of which the principal arc " i'!, n, ij, n ,| i ;,ij,s concerning Scotland," " Life of Mary, Qneen of Scots," and his " Caledonia," which he did not live to complete, but by which alone he will bo known to posterity. Under the iwiii de plume Francis Oldys of the U. of Pa., he pub. "Life of Thos. Paine," Lond. 8vo, 1791-2. Chalmers, Lionel, M.D., phvsieian, b. Cambleton, in the West of Scotland^ ab. 1715; d. 1777. A graduate of the U. of Edinburgh. He came to Carolina when very young, and practised, first in Christ Church Parish, and afterwards in Charleston. In 1754, he wrote " Useful Remarks on Opisthotonos and Te- tanus," which were pub. in the first vol. of " The Observations and Inquiries of tlie Medical Society of London," and in 1767, at Charleston, " An Essay on Fevers." Besides several smaller productions, he also pub. a valuable work illustrative of the weather and diseases of S. C, 2 vols., Lond., 1776. — Thachei: Chambers, Ezekiel F., LL.D. (Y. C. 1833), jurist and statesman, b. Kent Co., Md., Feb. 28, 1788; d. Charlestown, Md., Jan. 30, 1867. Wash. Coll., Md., 1805. Adm. to the m. bar in 1808. In the War of 1812, he did military duty, and subsequently became brig.- gen. of militia. In 1822, he was elected to the State senate; was a U. S. senator from 1826 to 1835, disting. himself as an able debater; was chief judge of the second judicial dist. and of the Court of Appeals, from 1834 to 1851, and was an active member of the State Const. Conv. in 1850. In 1852, ill health compelled him to decline the post of sec. of the navy- offered him by Pres. Fillmore. Chambers, Georse, LL.D. (Wash.Coll., Pa., 1861), jurist andautbor,!). Chambersburg, 1786; d. there. Mar. 2.5, 1866. N.J. Coll. 1804. Grandson of the founder of his native town. Was adm. to the bar in 1807, his talent, energy, and integrity placing him in the front rank of his profession. He was M.C. in 1833- 7. Member of the Pa. Const. Conv., and in 1851 became a judge of the Pa. Supreme Court. He was much interested in the early history of his State, had pub. some of his re- 173 searches in liis " Tribute to the Scotch-Irish," and had prepared others for the Hist. Society, unfortunately destroyed when the rebels burned Chaml)ersburg. Chambers, John, chief-justice of N.Y., member of the exec, council in 1754, and a commissioner to the Albany Congress, June 14, 1754 ; d. N.Y , April 10, 1705.— Allen. Chambers, Jons, lawyer, and gov. of Iowa (18-11-5), b. N.J., 1779; d. near Paris, Ky.. Sept. 21, 1852. At the age of 13, he went to Ky., and located himself in Washington, Mason Co., where he studied and practised law, soon obtaining a lucrative business. In 1813, he heeame a vol. aiile to Gen. Harrison, whose election to tlie presidency in 1840 he zeal- ously promoted. Mr. Chambers was frequent- ly a member of the Kv. legisl., and M.C. 1827- 9 and 1835-9. Chamorro, Feuto, a Central Amer. statesman and gen., b. Guatimala, 1806, elect- ed supreme director or pros., 1853 ; d. 1855. Cham.pe, John, a brave Kevol. soldier, b. Loudoun Co., Va., 1752; d. Ky., ab. 1798. He is noted for his daring attempt to capture the traitor Arnold, for which duty he was selected by Col. Lee, of whoso legion he was sergt.-major. He failed in the attempt in con- sequence of the removal of Arnold's quarters on the day designated for his capture. Champlain (sham-plan'), S.iMDEL DE, founder and gov. of Quebec, b. of good fami- ly, in Brouago, Saintonge, ab. 1570; d. Dec. 1635. He had acquired a high reputation as a skilful officer previous to his employment by De Chasles to make a voyage to Canada, whither he sailed, March 16, 1603, arriving at Tadoussac, May 25. In a light bateau, he ascended the St. Lawrence to the falls of St. Louis, which was the limit of Cartier's discov- eries in 1535 ; and, after exploring much of the country along the river, he sailed for France in Aug. On his arrival there in Sept., De Monts engaged him as his pilot in another voy- age to the New World. Sailing, March 7, 1604, he arrived at Acadia, May 6, and selected tor settlement a small island, to which De Monts gave the name of " St. Croix." In this voyage, he explored the coast as far as Cape Cod. In 1608, he was sent on another voyage to Tadous- sac, accomp. by Pontgrave. In July, IOCS, he laid the foundation of Quebec, and subsequent- ly, while engaged in a hostile exped. against the Iruqtioi^, discovered the lake which still bears his name. He again sailed from France in April, 1610, and, in another exped. against the Iroquois, was wounded by an arrow, and soon after returned to France. App. licut- gov., with extensive powers, he returned to Amer. in 1612, where he made new discoveries, exploring the Ottawa River, Lakes Huron, and Ontario. He went home to get permis- sion to fortify the settlement. He returned withhis family, and the titleof gov.in 1620. In July, 1629, he was obliged to capitulate to Sir David Kiik, and was carried to France in an Engli-ili ship. In 1632, Canada, with Acadia and Cape Breton, being restored to France by treaty, the company of New France resumed all their rights, and app. Champlain gov. His zeal for the propagation of Christianity was very LTPat. A roll, was established at Quebec, in \\Iiiili till' chiMren of the savages were iraiiiiM in li.i'iii^ ..( civilization, and in the use of tin- Fnurii language. In 1603, he pub. an acLoiintof his tiist voyage, in 4to, and, in 1620, a continuation, in 8vo. In 1632, he pub. an edition of both these in one vol., entitled " Les Voyages a la Nouvelle France Occidentale, et Can- ada," 4to. This work comprises a history of New France from the first discoveries of Ver- razani to 1631. The best edition of his works is that pub in 4to, 1640. His " Voyage to the W. Indies and Mexico," 1599-1602', etl. by N. Shaw, was pub. by the Hakluyt Soc, Lond., 1859. Champlin, Christopher Grant, b. Newport, April 12,1768; d. there March 28, 1840. H.U. 1786. His uncle George (1738- 1809) was a merchant of Newport, an officer of the Revol. ; merab. Cont. Congress, 1785- 6. and of the convention which adopted the U.S. Constitution. He resided some years in Europe, where a part of his time was passed at the Coll of St. Omer's ; M.C. 1797-1801 ; U.S. senator, 1809-11. Many years pres. of the Bank of R.L Champlin, Stephen, commodore U.S.N., b. S. Kingston, R.l , Nov. 17, 1789; d. Buffa- lo, .Feb. 20, 1870. His father Stephen was a vol. in the Amer. Revol. His mother, Eliza- beth Perry, was an aunt of Com. Perry. At 16, he began a seafaring life, and, at 22, com. a ship out of Norwich. May 22, 1812, he w.as app. sailing-master in the navy ; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814; commander, June 22, 1838; capt. Aug. 4, 1850, and commo. on retired list, July 16, 1862. He first com. a gunboat under Perry at Newport ; was second in com. of " The Asp," in the affairs of Little York and Fort George, U.C. ; and, joining Perry at Lake Erie, took com. of " The Scorpion," in which he did good service at the battle of Sept. 10, 1813, captur- ing " The Little Belt." Of this battle, in which he tircil the first and last guns, he was tl]<' li 1 -iniiiMiL; officer. In the following s|i _ I r lie Tigris," and, while block- a^ii ''. I : \\as attacked at night by an ovM ■. h' ;;ijiii^ I. .ice, severely wounded, and made ]n i^oncr. In 1816, he com. "The Por- cupine," but performed little subsequent ser- vice on account of his wound. He was a resi dent of Buffalo from I SSi. — Buffalo Coml Adv., Feb. 2\. Champlin, Stephen G., brig.-gen. vols d. Grand Rapids, Mich., Jan. 29, 1864. He rose from the rank of major to that of brij gen. Nov. 29, 1862, was di-ting. in the princi- pal battles of 1862-3, including those of Antie- tam and Fredericksburg, ami was severely wounded at Fair Oaks. Champney, Benjamin, landscape-painter, b. N. Ipswich, N.H., Nov. 20, 1817. Came to Boston in 18.34, worked in Pendleton's litho- graphic establishment in 1837— to ; studied and painted at the Louvre Gallery, Paris, in 1841-5 ; then visited Italy with Kensett, and, revisiting Europe in 1847-8, painteil a panorama of the Rhine. Since 1853, he has passed his sum- mers at N. Conway, where he has a cottage and studio, and has painted many White Mount.ain views, as well as those of Switzerland, which CHLA. 174 are owned in and around Boston. In 1865-6, he agiiin visited Italy and Switzerland. Champney, James Wells, " Champ," painter of yen?*e pictures, b. Boston, July 16, 18+3. Apprenticed to a wood-engraver at the age of 16. Enlisted for 9 months in the 45th Ms. Vols. In '63, after return from the war, designed on wood. Teacher in drawing at Dr. Dio Lewis's Sem., at Lexington, for two years. Sailed for Paris, Oct. 16, 1866 ; studied abroad until June 1870. Pupil of Edouard Frere, and of the Fine Arts School in Ant- werp. Settled in Boston in Oct. 1870. Has painted, araon^ other pieces " The Roguish " Sister," " Little Boy Shelling Peas," and " Domino-Player." Chanche, John J., D.D., R.C. bi-hop of Natciicz, consec. March 14, 1841 ; d. July 22, Chandler, Abiel, a philanthropic mer- chant, b. Concord, N.H., Feb. 26, 1777; d. Walpole, N.H., March 22, 1851. H.U. 1806. Occupied until the age of 21 in agricultural labors, and from 1806 to 1817 was a teacher in Salem and Newburyport. For many years, ho was engaged in business in Boston, and was well known as a partner in the house of Chan- dler, Howard, & Co., retiring in 1 845 with a for- tune. He bequeathed $1 ,600, and also the sur- plus of his estate, to the N.H. Asylum lor the Insane, and £50,000 to Dartm. Coll., for the es- tablishment of a scientific school connected with that institution. Chandler, Elizabeth Margaret, poet, b. Centre, near Wilmington, Del., Dec. 24, 1807; d. Nov. 22, 1834. Dau. of Thomas Chandler, a Quaker farmer; was educated at the Friends' school in Phila., and commenced writing verses at an early age. Her poem, " The Slave-Ship," written at 18, gained a prize offered by the Casket, a monthly maga- zine. Most of her subsequent productions ap- peared in the Genius of Universal Emancipation, an antislavery periodical of Phila. In 1830, she removed to Mich., and settled near the vil- lage of Tecumseh, on the River Raisin. In 1836, her poetical works, with a Memoir by Benjamin Lundy, were pub. at Phila. — Duyc- kind: Chandler, Gen. John, b. Monmouth,Ms., 1760; d. Augusta, Me., Sept. 25,1841. Ori- ginally a blacksmith, by perseverance and indus- try, he became wealthy. Was a counsellor and senator from 1803 to 1805; M. C. 1805-8; brig.-gen. July 8, 1812 ; wounded and made prisoner at Stony Creek, U.C., June 6, 1813 ; and from 1820 to 1829, tf.S. senator from Me.; collector of Portland, 1829-37 ; trustee of Bowd. Coll., sheri8f of Kennebec Co., and maj.-gen. of militia. Chandler, Joseph B., editor, b. Kings- ton, Ms., 1792. He adopted the profession of the law ; was M.C. from Pa., 1849-55 ; and in 1858-61 was minister to Naples. He edited the United-States Gazette in Phila. for many years, and subsequently the Pliiladelphia North American. He pub. a " Grammar of the Eng- lish Language " in 1821, and subsequently a large number of essays and addresses upon lit- erary and social topics, and congressional speeches. Chandler, Thcmas Bkadburt, d.d. (0.\f. U. 1766), Prot.-Epis. clergyman and con- troversialist, b. Woodstock, Ct., 26 Apr. 1726; d. Elizabethtown, N.J., 17 June, 1790. Y. C. 1745. In 1747, he became lay-reader in St. John's Church, Elizabethtown, and, after being ord. in Eng. in 1751, was rector there till his death, excepting in l775-85,when, being a loy- alist, he was in Eng. App. bishop of Nova Scotia, but declined. He was a zealous defend- er of Episcopacy, and in 1767 pub. "An Appeal in Behalf of the Church of Eng. in Amcr." This was attacked by Dr. Chuunecy, to whom he replied with " The Appeal Defended," and, in 1771, "The Appeal Further Defended." Also author of " A Life of Samuel Johnson," pres. of King's Coll., 12mo, 1805. Channing, Edward Ttrrel, LL.D. (H.U. 1847), prof, of rhetoric in H. U. {1819- 51), b. Newport, R.L, 12 Dec. 1790; d. Cam- bridge, Ms., 8 Feb. 1856. Bro. of Rev. Wil- liam E. Channing. He studied at H.U., but did not gr.iduate, and opened a law-office in Boston. Editor of the N. Amer. Rev. 1819- 21, and a contrib. until his death. His style was vigorous and pure, his taste severe and critical ; and he excelled in conversation. He delivered the oration in Boston, 4 July, 1817. Author of a Memoir of William Ellery, in Sparks's "Amer. Biog." In 1856, a vol. of his lectures was pub. with a memoir, by R. H. Dana, jun. Channing, Walter, M.D. (U. of Pa.), phvsician, bro. of W. E. and E. T. Channing, b. Newport, R.L, Apr. 15, 1786. He was at H.U. in 1804-7. Studied medicine under Dr. James Jackson of Boston, and Prof. Barton of Phila. Afterward studied at the U. of Edinburgh, at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospi- tals, London, and began practice in Boston in 1812. Lecturer inl812, and prof of obstetrics and med. jurisp. in H.U. from 1815 to 18.54; assist, phys. Ms. Hospital from 1821 to 1840. Dr. C. has been a frequent contrib. to med. and literary periodicals, besides pub. a vol. of "Miscellaneous Poems," 1851; "A Physi- cian's Vacation, or a Summer in Europe," 1856; "Etherization in Childbirth," 1848; " Address on the Prevention of Pauperism," 12mo, 1843; "Professional Reminiscences of Foreign Travel," 8vo ; "New and Old," 12 mo, 1851 ; "Reformation of Medical Science," 1851. He has also written many fugitive pieces in prose and verse. His son, William Ellert, (whose wife, Ellen K., sister of Mar- garet Fuller, d. Sept. 22, 1856. a. 36), has pub. "Poems," 1843, 1847, and 1849; " Vouth of the Poet and Painter," in "The Dial," 1844; " Conversations in Rome," 1847. Channing, William Ellert, D. D. (H.U. 1820), a Unitarian divine of great celeb- rity, b. Newport, R.I., April 7, 1 780 ; d. Ben- nington, Vt., Oct. 2, 1842. H.U. 1798. His father Wm., an eminent lawyer of Newport, d. Oct. 1793, a. 42 : his mother was the dau. of Wm. Ellery, one of the signers of the Decl. of Indep. The influences of the climate and scenery of the island where his boyhood was passed, had no slight influence upon the social and moral attributes of his mind. At the university, he attained the highest honors. CHA. 175 On leaving coll., he spent one year in Rieli- mond, Va., as a teacher in the family of David M. Randolph. Returning from the South in feeble health, in 1802, he went through a course of theol. study, and June I, 1803, became the pastor of the Federal-st. Society in Boston, which was extremely small at the time of his ordination, but soon rose from his popularity to be one of the first parishes in the city. A feeble constitution, and liability to disease, oc- casioned, probably, by his residence in Va., proved great impediments to his labors through- out his professional career. He made a voyage to Europe in 1822 for this cause, remaining little more than a year, and, in the autumn of 1830, he again left the U.S., and spent the win- ter in St. Croix. His bodily infirmities occa- sioned the app. of a colleague in 1824 ; but he occasionally officiated in the pulpit until 1840, when he resigned, delivering his last public ad- dress 1 Aug. 1842, at Lenox, in corametnora- tion of the abolition of slavery in the West Indies. The pub. works of Dr. Channing in- clude a large number of religious discourses, the articles on Milton, Bonaparte, and Fe'nelon, which appeared in the Christian Examiner in 1826-9, and a variety of tracts on temperance, education, slavery, and the condition of the laboring classes. An edition of his works has been pub. in 6 vols., 1846. His "Sermon on War," before the conv. of Cong ministers in 1816, was widely circulated, and contrib. power- fully to the formation of peace societies in the U.S. His lectures on " Selt-Culture, " 1839, and on " The Elevation of the Laboring Class- es," 1840, had an extensive circulation, and were rcpub. in Eng. He was one of the earli- est agitators of antislavery in the U.S., but did not, until he delivered his address in Faneuil Hall in 1837, become publicly identified with the political movement for abolition. In 1837, he addressed a letter to Henry Clay, against the annexation of Texas, and in 1841 pub. his work on Slavery. Among his theol. discours- es, his lecture on " The Evidences of Chris- tianity," delivered at II.U. in 1821, is, perhaps, the most remarkable. He was a man of great independence of mind. He paid no respect to men on account of their wealth or office. His sermons on " The Paternal Character of Goil," on " The Loveliness of the Example of Christ," on "The Evidence of Christianity," and on " Political and Moral Integrity," are admirable. He spoke out in intelligible terms on conjugal infidelity and licentiousness. In the pulpit, his gravity and solemnity exceeded that of most preachers. His elocution was peculiar. His preaching and his writings were corroborated by a life of high moral character. During the Unitarian controversy. Dr. Channing was the acknowledged head of the liberal party, and was obliged, though averse to disputation, to take an active part. " He was unrivalled in his en- thusiasm for moral and progressive ideas, and in his high estimate of the moral capacities of man." Coleridge said of him, "He has the love of wisdom, and the wisdom of love." — .See " Memoirs, Coirespondence," ^c, bu his nephew. W. H. aanning,\U%. Channing, William Fr.^ncis.M.D., son of Wm. Ellcry, b. Boston, 1820; has pub. " Davis's Manual of Magnetism," 12mo, 1S41 ; " Notes on the Medical Application of Elec- tricity," 1849; "Fire-Alarm Telegraph," 1855; contrib. to " Silliman's Jour.," &c. One of the inventors of the system of fire-alarm tele- graphy now in general use. — Allibone. Channing, William Henry, clergyman, nephew of Wm. E., b. Boston, May 25, 1810. H.U. 1829; Camb. Divinity School, 1833. Ord. Cincinnati, May 10, 1839. His father, Francis Dana Channing, died when he was very young. He has been settled in Mead- ville. Pa., N.Y. City, Cincinnati, Nashua, Bos- ton, Rochester, and Liverpool, Eng., where he is pastor of the Hope-street (Unitarian)Church, as successor of Rev. James Martineau. He ed- ited the Western Messenger one year, the Pres- ent, the Harbinger, and the Spirit of the Age, and has been a contrib. to the Dial, Christian Examiner, and N. Amer. Review. He has writ- ten and pub. " The Translation of Jouffioy's Ethics," 2 vols., 1840 ; " Memoirs of Dr. Wm. E. Channing," 3 vols., 1848 ; " Life and Writ- ings of James H. Perkins," 2 vols. ; " Memoirs of Madame Ossoli(MargaretFuller)," sermons, reviews, and miscellanies. He has labored much in social reforms, and is a zealous and eloquent preacher. Chapin, Alo.vzo Bowen, D.D., clergy- man iind author, b. Somers, March 10, 1808; d. Hartford, July 9, 1858. He quitted the study of theology for the law ; adm. to practise in 1831, and established himself at Walling- ford. He edited the Chronicle of the Church, an Episcopal paper at N. Haven, 8 years, and, re- suming his theol. studies, was ord. in 1838 ; was rector of Christ Church, West Haven, until 1850,and of St.Luke's, Glastenbury, until 1855, when he removed to Hartford, and edit- ed the Calendar. Besides numerous contribs. to magazines and reviews. Dr. Chapin is the author of "A View of the Organization and Order of the Primitive Church," 1850 ; "Views of Gospel Truth ; " " Glastenbury for 200 Years," 1853; a " Classical Spelling-book;" "Puritanism not Protestantism," 1847; " In- aug. Discourse at Bcloit Coll., 18.50," as pres. Chapin, Calvin, D.D., Cong, clergvman, b. Springfield, Ms., Julv 22, 1763; d. Weth- ersfield. Mar. 17, 1851. 'Y. C. 1788. He was a teacher in Hartford two years ; from 1791 to 1794 was a tutor in Y. C, and was pastor of a church in Wetbersfield, Ct., from 1794 to 1847. Dr. Chapin was an efficient member of the mis- sionary, Bible, and temperance societies, and was for 32 years rec. sec. of the A. B. C. F. M. During his connection with the church at Wetbersfield, ho was offered, and declined, the presidency of 2 different colleges. He pub. an essay recommending the substitution of water for wine in the Lord's supper. — Alien. Chapin, Edwin Hcbbell, D.D. (H. U. 1856), an eloquent preacher, b. Union Village, Wash. Co., N.Y., Dec. 29, 1814. He completed his school-education at a sem. in Bennington, Vt.; commenced preaching in 1837 ; was first settled over a society of Unitarians and Uni- versalists in Richmond, Va.; removed to Charlestown, Ms., in 1830; thence to Boston in 1846, and in 1848 to New York, where he is still pastor of the 4th Universalist Church. Dr. CHA. Cha]]in is one of the most powerful and effec- tive pulpit orators of Ameriea. He has been a frequent speaker before lyceums and literary associations, and, as an advocate of temperance and other movements of moral reform, he ex- ercises a vast influence. One of his best speech- es is, perhaps, that before the Peace Conven- tion at Frankfort-on-the-Main, in 1850. He has pub. "Moral Aspects of City Life," 1853 ; "True Manliness," 1854; several vols, of ser- mons and religious lectures, and a few occa- sional discourses. His " Crown of Thorns " attained a wide circulation. — See Golden Aye of Amer. Oratory, by E. G. Parker, 1 857. Chapin, Stephen, D.D. (B. U. 1822), clergyman, b. Milford, Ms., Nov. 4, 1778; d. Washington, D.COct. I, 1845. H.U.1804. He studied theology with Dr. Emmons. Onl. pas- tor of the Cong. Chnrch in Hillsborou-h, N.H., June 19, 1805. In Nov. 1809, he took charge of the Cong. Church in Mt. Vernon, N.H., bnt, becoming a Baptist, re-signed in 1818, and was pastor of the Baptist Church, North Yarmouth, Me., from Nov. 28, 1819, until railed, in 1 S22, to the chair of theology in Waterville Coll., Me. He remained there until 1828, when he was made pres. of Col. Coll., Washington, which office he resigned in 1841. Chaplin, Jeremiah, D.I). (S. C. Coll. 1819), Baptist minister, b. Rowley, Ms., 2 Jan. 1776 ; d. Hamilton, N.Y., May, 1841. B. U. 1799. Descended from Hugh. 3 years tutor in B. U. ; minister in Danvers "from 1802 to 1818; pres. Waterville Coll., Me., 1820-32; afterward preached in Rowley, Willington, Ct., and Hamilton, N.Y. Chapman, Charles, an eminent crim. lawyer, and politician, b. Newtown, Ct., 21 June, 1799; d. Hartford, Ct., 7 Aug. 1869. Son of Judge Asa. Educated at an acad. ; adm. to the bar in 1823 ; practised at Newton, 1824-7 ; at N. Haven, and, from 1 832, at Hart- ford ; 3 times member of the legisl. ; U. S. dist. atty. 1841-5 ; M. C. 1851-3. A man of great powers of wit and sarcasm. Chapman, George Thomas, D. D. (Trans. U. 1824), Pr.-Ep. clergyman, b. Pihon, Devonshire, Eng., Sept. 21, 1786. Darim. Coll. 1804. He came to the U. S. in 1795; practised law in Bueksport, Me., from Dec. 1803 to 1815 ; ord. deacon by Bishop Griswold, 1816; priest, Jan. 6, 1818'; rector of Christ Church, Lexington, Kv., July 1, 1820, to July 1, 1830; of St. Paul's Church, Portland, Me., 1832-5 ; of Grace Church, Newark, N. J., 1837-41 ; preached in Belleville, N.J., in 1842; rector of St. Stephen's Church, Pittsfield, Ms., 1846-52; preached some months in Hanover, N.H. Resides in Newburyport, Ms. He pub. " The Ministry, Worship, and Doctrines of the Prot.-Epis. Church," a vol. of 20 sermons, al.so a vol. of 27 " Sermons to Presbyterians of all Sects," besides 18 other sermons, and, in 1867, " Sketches of the Alumni of Dartm. Coll." Chapman, John G., b. Charles Co., Md., July 5, 1798; d. Dec. 10, 1856. Educated at Yale, but did notgrad.,on account of his health. He studied law with Wm. Wirt ; practised some years ; between 1824 and '44 was almost constantly in the Md. legisl. ; M. C. 1845-9 ; pres. of the Const. Conv. of Md., and of the National Whig Conv. of Baltimore in 1856. He was an eloquent speaker. — Lanman. Chapman, John Gadset, artist, b. Alex- andria, Va. He studied and practised his art at Rome several years. Establishing himself in New York, be obtained ample emplovment by his ingenuity and taste. He has furnished many original designs for the illustration of works of taste or fancy, among them Schmidt's " Tales," Wliittier's " Songs of Labor," and Harper's Bihle. He also painted the " Bap- tism of Pocahontas" for one of the panels in the rotunda at Washington. Since 1848, he has resided in Rome. Among his pirtures are, "Israelites Spoiling' tlie EL'vptians," "Etruscan Girl," "A Donkoy's Iload." "The Last Arrow," and "Eirst Italian Milestone." He pub. "American Drawing-Book," N.Y., 4to, and "The Amateur's Drawing Manual," 4to, 1858. Chapman, Nathaniel, M.D., physician and scholar, b. near Alexandria, Va., 28 May, 1780; d. Phila., 1 July, 1853. U. of Pa. 1801. His paternal ancestor, a capt. in the army, and a relative of Sir VV^alter Raleigh, came to Va. with the first colonists. Completing his stud- ies at London and Edinburgh, where he took bis degree, he began practice in Phila. in 1804. Prof, of materia mediea in 1813-16, and of practice, institutes, and clinical med., in the U. of Pa., from 1816 to 1850. Founder of the Med. Institute in 1817, he lectured there dur- ing the summer for nearly 25 years. He had charge of the city hospital during the epidem- ic of 1820, and was many years clinical lecturer in the hospital of the city almshouse. Pres. Amer. Philos. Society, 1846-8, and for many 3'ears of the Phila. Med. Soe. Author of " Lec- tures on the Theory and Practice of Medicine," " Eruptive Fevers," " Thoracic Viscera," " El- ements of Therapeutics and Materia Mediea," 1817, "Select Speeches, with Critical and Il- lustrative Remarks," 5 vols., 8vo. In 1820, he began, and for many years edited, the Phila. Journal of the Medical and Physical Sciences, and contrib. to the Portfolio under the signature of "Falkland." — /. B. B.ddle, in Gross's Amer. Med. Biog. Chapman, Robert Hett, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1815), pres. of the U. of N. C. at Chapel Hill, 1812-16, b. Orange, N J . 2 Mar. 1771 ; d. Winchester, Va., 18 June, 1833. N.J. Coll. 1789. Son of Rev. Jedediah of Western N.Y., who d. 22 May, 1813. Licensed by the Pres- bytery of N. Y., 2 Oct. 1793 ; pastor of Rah- way, N.J., 1796-1801, and of Cambridge, N.Y., in 1 801-12, afterwards officiating in Va., N.C., and Tenn. Charlevoix(shar-Ieb-vw!i'), Peter Fran- cis Xatier, a French historian and mission- ary, b. St. Quentin, Oct. 29, 1682 ; d. L.afleche, Feb. 1, 1761. He acquired reputation as a teacher of languages and philos. in Jesuit col- leges. Was for some years a missionary in Canada, and, on his return, had a chief share in the Journal de Trevoux for 24 years. In 1720, he again visited Canada, by order of the French king, and passing up the St. Lawrence, and through the Lakes, to Michilimacinac, he descended through Lake Michigan and the Rivers III. and Mpi., to N. t)rleans. In 1722, 177 he returned to France bj- way of St. Domingo. His works are, " Journal of a Voyage from Kaskaskias to the Gulf of Mexico," 1721 (French Hist. Colls, of La., vol. ii.), " His- loire ft Description GgiiiraU ck Japan," " His- toire Ge'iie'i-ale cle Parar/uay," '• Ilistoire de I 'Isle (le Si. Dominiqae," " Vie de Mere Marie de I 'In- carnation," ami a " Hisloire Gen€rah de la Nouvelle France," of which the latter is most valuable, desciibing his own experience, and the manners and customs of the natives, for which he is often quoted as good authority, thouL'h not free from partiality and credulity. Charlton, Uobert M., jiirist and author, b. Savannah, 19 Jan. 1S07; d. there 18 Jan. 1854. Son of Judse Thos. B., a capt. of art. at the capture of Charleston, S.C, who d. Nova Scotia, 1847. Adm. to the bar, and elected to the legisl. in 1828; app. U.S. dist-alty. by Pres. Jackson, and at tlie age of 27 was app. and afterward elected judge of ihs Sup. Court of the eastern dist. of Ga. Twice mayor of Savannah, and U.S. senator in 1852-.3. He pub. in 1839 a vol. of poems, inclnding the poetical remain's of a fl.-.'c' i-.d !,-ii , •_> l , ■■] , 1842 ; and cont; !'• v "y i .■ - i ■'• ■■. ■ and verse to tlir A - 'I I : for his finished ur.ii . .1:1 , .m h,- ^ umi^. Chase, Carli^.n, l>.i). (U. ui \ i. iN.i.j, Prot-Epis. bishop of N.H. (lonsec. 20 Oct. 1844), b. Hopkinton, N H., Fel). 20, 1794; d. Claremont, N.H., J.in. 18, lS7n. P,,rtm. Coll. 1817. Ord.de.icon, I SIS; jr - 1 --_vi ; rrrtor of Imnianuel Church, Brl' '.' ': \: liom 1819 to 1844; and of Tn . : 1 . , 1 lue- mont, N.H. in 1844-6.3. .^-rii.r ,,.[.,,, lion of Bishop Onderdonck of N.V., liishop Chase performed for a time the episcopal duties of that diocese. At his death, he was a royal arch Mason. Chase, Dudi-et, statesman and jurist,,b. Corni.-h, N.H., Dec. .30, 1771; d. Randolph, Vt., Fel). 23, 1846. Dartm. Coll. 1791, where also his 4 bros. were educated, — Salmon, father of the senator ; Baruch, a lawyer ; Heber, who d. in 1797 ; and Philander, bishop of O. Adm. to the practice of law in 1793, he was State atty. for Orange Co. from 1803 to 181 1 ; mem- ber .of the Const. Conv. of 1814 and of 1822; for a number of years a member, and, from 1808 to 1812, speaker, of the house of repre- sentatives of Vt. ; U.S. senator from 1813 to 1817; chief-justice of the Supreme Court of Vt.. 1817-21, and again U.S.semitorin 1825-31. Chase, Iraii, D.D., theologian, b. Strat- ton, Vt., Oct. 5, 1793; d.Newtonville,Ms., Nov. 1,1864. Middleb. Coll. 1814. After studying at Andover, he was ord. in 1817 ; labored as a Baptist missionary in Western Va. ; became in 1818 prof in the theol. school at Phila., which was soon after transferred to Washington. In 1825, he was prominent in estaliliohing the theol. school at Newton Centre, Ms., of which he was prof till 1845. In 1830, he was instrumental in founding the Baptist mis- sion in France. He subsequently con.trib. to reviews on questions of church history and Christian doctrine. He pub " Life of Bun van," " The Design of Baptism," " The Constitu- tion of the Holy Apostles," " Infant Baptism an Invention of Man," &c. ' Ldciek B., M.C. from Tenn., ;hor of a " Ilistorv of President inistration." B. 'Vt., 1817; d. PiiiL.iNDER. D.D., Prot. -Epis. , Ii c.iiM-!, X 11., Dec. 14,177.'); .,-!-• : vj. Dartm. Coll. .1- 111 Aquila Chase, uiii luiuA..:., Lug., in 1640, and grandson Dudley, e bishop, removed to a township No. 4 on the Ct., and founded the 1845-9; a Polk's Ad: Dee. 1864. . Chase, settled at Newbury. 11 father of above Foi town of Cornish. A his limbs prevented 1 Ord. deacon. May 10, I 1799, and was ibr sev- gaged in missionary la! 1805, he went to N. Or] ~. lii' '.II ' ■! I'.iriner. : Xuv. 10, ■ i! . .. . ,1 iiiisly en- ,v, ui \\\ ;u .. .X.Y. In aus, and took an active part in the organization of the Prot.-Epis. church in that city ; returning to the North in 1811, and, until "1817, was rector of Christ Church, Hartford, Ct. Feb. 11, 1819, hewas eonsec. bishop of O., and in 1823 went to Eng. to solicit aid for Kcnyon Coll. and theol. sem. i'l !■•-■ iMn.-s.i, v.'i'h ^,,.,..,t *n-n-ss. Difficulties I ,.,.,, ,..;i, ..,.,,,,,,1 I, v clergy in regard i '^; ,i - t ; .''- '..<■ had collected, :.iii-:li I iii..;u^. 1.. I. -._!.. 4 the jurisdiction ui i.istliuLiM.-, Si-pt. y, 1^.)1 , removed toMich., and Mar. 8, 1835, being made bishop of III., he visited Eng. a second time in behalf of education in the West. In 1838, ho returned, with funds sufficient to lay the foundation of Jubilee Coll. at Robin's Nest, Peoria Co., 111. Bp. Chase, notwithstanding his size and cor- pulence, was an exceedingly active and labori- ous man, and, though not learned, had great diplomatic talents, and intuitive knowledge of human nature, g]-eat shreivdness, and accom- plished an amount of good tenfold greater than many incomparably his superiors in scholastic knowledge. He pub. in two 8vo vols. " Rera- iniscenets " of his life and labors; "Plea for the West," 1826 ; " Star of Kenvon Coll.," 182S; - 1), ::„,,. ,.f ;c i;,.,:i Coll.," 1831. A scrii.!;, : 111.' thrbwn from hi^ r , i ,_ i lii.>liop's decease, and. n !• ■/. -Ill , :rr. ; , I: ■ ~,i!ik ijiiietly to rest. Chase, Salmdn Poktl.vxd, statesman, nephew ot Bishop Chase, b. Cornish, N.H., 13 Jan. 1808. Dartm. Coll. 1828. Losing his ' father at tht age of 12, he found a home with his uncle, the bishop, who superintended his studies. He taught school in Washington, D.C., in 1827-9 ; studied law under Wm. Wirt ; settled in Cincinnati ab. 1830; prepared an edition of the statutes of O., of received author- ity ; and became eminent at the bar, where his hostility to slavery found frequent expression. He was in the city council in 1840, and sup- ported Harrison for the presidency ; took a lead- ing )iart in organizing the " Liberty i)arty " at Columbus in Dec. 1841 ; was active in its con- ven lions; and in that held at Cincinnati in June, 1845, prepared an address, widely circulated, giving a history of slavery in the U.S., and arguing the necessity of political organization to denationalize it. The convention of the "Free Soil" party at Buffalo in Aug. 1848, called through his efforts, nominated VanBuren for the presidency. Chosen by the Democrats 178 CIIA of the Ohio legisl. to the U.S. senate in Feb. 1849, he spoke against the Compromise Bill in 1850, and separated from that party on the nomination of Mr. Pierce to the presidency in 1852. In 1854, lie drafted an appeal to the people against the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, and in a speech, 3 Feb., elaborately exposed its objects. He proposed to add a clause to it, that " the people of the territory, through their ap- propriate representatives, may, if they see fit, prohibit the existence of slavery therein ; " rejected 10 to 36. He advocated the Homestead Bill, and the grant of aid toward the construc- tion of the Pacific Railroad. Gov. of 0., 185.5- 9. Supported J. C. Fremont for the presidency in 1857. His decided action compelled the resignation, in 1857, of the State treasurer, who was a defaulter ; and bis prompt and judicious arrangements protected the credit of the State, and averted a large pecuniary loss. At the peace conference in Feb 1861, he proposed compen- sation to the owners of fugitive slaves. Made sec. of the treasury in Lincoln's cabinet. Mar. 4, 1861. In Jan."l862, be vecommended that the U.S. notes be made a legal tender. He raised money by the issue of " greenbacks," which bore no interest, and by loans, which were taken at moderate rates, mostlv bv the people of the U.S. Hisfillanrul mmv'ht: .llilill,' lli.' Rebellion were slol i . : i , i;. - : those of the war d' ; \: ._ ': ■ 'i I' -i , 1864, his friends en(lr;,VMr. .1 tn pi-.i, ;,:,■ i.h' Imu the nomination to tlie presidency, but without success. He succeeded Chief Justice Taney as the head of the U.S. Supreme Court, 12 Oct. 1864. He presided over the court of impeach- ment (Mar. 1868) for the trial of Pres. Johnson, whose acquittal he favored. Uiisucessful can- didate for the Democ. nomination for pres. in July, 1868. He has contrib. to the N. A. Review, and to the Wcsleni Monthli/ Magazine, and is the author of some good verses. — iSee Mrs. Slowes Mm of our Time. Chase, Samuel, jurist and statesman, b. Somerset Co., Md., 17 Apr. 1741 ; d. 19 June, 1811. Son of Rev. Thos. Chase, a native of Eng., by whom he was carefully educated. Adm. tothe bar in 1761, and settled in Annap- olis, where his talents, industry, intrepidity, imposing stature, sonorous voice, and energet- ic elocution raised him to distinction. In the colonial legisl., of which he was 20 years a member, he vehemently opposed the Stamp Act; was a member of the committee of cor- resp., and a delegate to Congress in 1774-9. He denounced Zubly of Georgia as a traitor, compelling him to flee the Congress, whose se- crets he was divulging to the enemy ; was in 1776, with Franklin and Carrol, a commission- er to form a plan of union between the Colo- nies and Canada, and, on his return, labored successfully to change the sentiment of Md., so as to authorize him to vote, as he did, for the Declaration of Independence, of which he was one of the signers. He served with unwearied industry on many of the important committees of Congress. In 1 783, he was the agent of Md. in Eng., to reclaim a large sum of money in- trusted to the Bank of Eng., $650,000 of w"hich was subsequently paid over to the State. In 1788, he was a "member of the convention to consider the Constitution of the U. S., which he did not regard as suflSciently democ. ; chief- justice of the Gen. Court of Md., 1791-6; asso.-justice U. S. Supreme Court, 27 Jan. 1796 to his d- Warmly attached to the prin- ciples unl 111 asiiirs ni the administrations of Washiii,L,'f"ii Jill .Vhiiiis; after the change of adminivtnitinii in l>^ii+, he was, at the instance of John Randolph, inii^eached for his conduct in the trials of Fries and Callender, solely on political grounds, but was acquitted by the senate. He was a somewhat irascible man, and sometimes was overbearing as a judge, but was learned, able, and patriotic. Chase, Thomas, dep. Q. M. gen., north- ern department, in Revol. war; d. Boston, May 17, 1787. Chastellux (sha'-ta'-luks'), Fraxcois Jean, Makquis de, author and soldier, b. Paris, 1734 ; d. there Oct. 28, 1788. Entering the army at 1 5, he was col. of the regt. Gityenne through the war in Germany, 1754-63; be- came ^l/ar^cW de Camp, and in 1780 was a niaj.-gen. in Rochambeau's army in Amer., gaining the pariii iiln li I i;.K!i;|i „( Washing- ton. Onhisrciir i ; ' 1 r:- li" was made a field-marshal, anl :;i ;i : <■>' the Acad. war, and - • i . . ,■.■■■,.•.. : ■ i ••( inc princi|in! . ■ . ! : iird bvGcM. 1,1 ,. ■ ,-i d., ,■! I,,,,..' ,11 :■, \7S7. Hisd.M; ./ 1 • ;.-," and " /'' ! - ' ■ ■ s.>< Soldals,!^ ■ ', ■ 1 I ■ ' wrre translated l._, l),i\ . i 11 n'lr.ii; -'_. - 'I ii- yrar before he d. lie m. Miss IMunket, a young lady of Irish extraction. Chatham, William Pitt, Earl, orator and statesman, b. Westminster, 15 Nov. 1708 ; d. 11 May, 1778. Son of Robert Pitt, Esq., of Boconock, Cornwall. Studied at Eton and Oxford, entered parliament in 1735, and opposed Sir Robert Walpole with such effect, that the Duchess of Marlborough bequeathed Pitt a legacy of £10,C09. Made joint vice- treas. of Ireland in 1746, soon afterward treas. ing connected himself with the Grenville party, through his marriage with Hester, dau. of Richard Grenville. Made in 1757 sec. of State, he infused his own spirit and energy into the public service everywhere, made Eng. trium- phant in every quarter of the globe, and added Canada to her dominions. He resigned in Oct. 1761, and received a pension of i3,000 a year. He advocated a conciliatory policy toward the Amer. Colonies, and the repeal of the Stam p Act. In 1766, he formed a new ministry, in which he took the privy seal, and was made Earl of Chatham, but quitted office finally in 1768. In the house of lords, he opposed the coercive measures employed against Amer., in speeches of great ability and eloquence; but iu reply to a motion by the Duke of Portland, in Apr. 1778, urging the acknowledgment of 179 the independence of Amer., Chatham, who had just left a sick-bed, opposed it with all the ar- dent eloquence of his younger days. The Duke of Richmond having replied to this speech, Chalhara attempted to rise again, but fainted, and was borne home in a state of ex- haustion, from which he never recovered. He had a public funeral at the and a monument in Wo-mi Chaumonot jnal expense. Abbey. )!■ CnJnMOV- •ixnch Jesuit, 1 ; d Lorette, b.nearChatillun -11 near Quebec, Fell. 2l. lui;, .\lii>r robbing an uncle, who directed In- , .In :iiion, hi- went to Rome, where, under an a — umi .i rliar.ictcr, he became a Jesuit. Ru|nniiii- ..l his onors, he was, after being ord. priest, sunt, at his own request, as a missionary to the N. Anier. Indi- ans. Landing at Quebec with Father Poncet, in 1639, he devoted himself to the instruction of the Hurons and Neutrals. When the Hu- rons were dispersed by the Iroquois, in 1650, he accomp. a small party of the fugitives to Quebec. The next year, be formed with the Hurons a Christian settlement at Isle Orleans. In 165.5, be visited the Onondagas, but re- turned in 1658, and helped found the mission of Noire Dame de Foye, near Quebec. Soon after its removal to Lorette, in 169.3, which mission he had founded ab. the year 1670, he ended his long career of labor and hardship. He left an excellent grammar of the Huron tongue, pub. by the Hist. Society of Quebec, 1835, a list of radical and derivative words, a catechism, and a series of instructions, all in the same language, and a inemoir of his own life. These are unpub. — Applelon's Nrw Amer.Cijclo. Chauney (chabn'-si), Charles, B. D., 2d pres. of H. U., and the ancestor of all who bear the name in the U.S. ; b. Yardley Herts., Eng., 1592; d. Feb. 19, 1672. Educated at Westminster and Cambridge, he made the ac- quaintance of Archbishop Usher, and was app. prof, of Hebrew, and afterward of Greek, at Cambridge. He was a scholar at Westminster at the time of the gunpowder plot to blow up the building. In 1627, he became vicar of Ware, Hertfordshire. His stern Puritanism involved him in difficulties with the ecclesiastical au- thorities : he was imprisoned and fined, and recanted, but soon repented of his recantation. He therefore determined to embark for N.E., where he arrived a few days before the great earthquake, June 1, 1638. Ho was re-or- dained, and for 3 years remained in Plymouth, as assist, pastor to Mr. Raynor, and then took pastoral charge of the church in Scituate, Ms. A change in the ecclesiastical polity of Eng. determined him to return to his vicarage in Ware ; but the offer of the presidency of the university, which he accepted Nov. 27, 1654, kept him here till his death. He pub. a few theol. works, and a number of sermons. He was zealous against wearing long hair, and baptizing the children of non-communicants; a man of great industry and learning, and was eminent as a physician. He left 6 sons, who all grad. at Harvard, and became preachers. Chauncey, Charles, D.D. (U. of Edinb. 1742), clergvman of Boston, great-grandson of Pres. C, KJan. 1,1705; d. Feb. 10, 1787. H.U. 1721. Ord. pastor of the 1st church in Boston, Oct. 25, 1727, as the colleague of Mr. Foxcroft. He was minister of one parish for 60 ^, years. Among his numerous publications are, JLJaJ<. 'V " A Complete View of the Ki.iM-o,,nry," being -^^ ^Ip /* the substance of adistni-imi witli Dr. Chand- "^'y. O^^n^G, lerofN.J. ; " Seasonal-'. ■ I Imn^lns un the a i/) ' v- State of Religion in X. lai^lnnl: • liiscourse KlA^*!^^ on Enthusiasm," 1742, dac.nd a-aiii-st White- ' j, J^^-,^ field ; " Remarks on the Bishop of LandafFs ' " ^t' Sermon," 1767; " Mysierv bid from Ages, /ft, (^/itlt*** or the Salvation of all Men," 1785 ; "The ■. , ^ Benevolence of the Deity," 1784; "Five Dis- p\t^i^Jflr<*'^ sertations on the Fall and its Consequences," , ,- 1785. He was a warm friend of his country Li, S ' ^ during the Revol. struggle, was a man of great ' ' learning and piety, and was an active f^onivo- ^/ir^i^i^^, J-" versialist. — See Chauncey Memo'ls, W. C. Chauncey, Charles, LL. D. (Mid. Coll. ISll), a disting. lawyer, b. Durham, Ct., June 11,1747; d. New Haven, April 18, 1823. Y.C. 1779. Removing to New Haven, he was adm. to the bar in Nov. 1768; app. State's atty. in 1776; and was a judge of the Superior Court ill 1789-93. He was 40 years a lecturer on jurisp.,and was pres. of the first agric. society of Ct., of which hewas a principal founder. His son Charles, LL. D. (Y. C. 1827), a leading lawyer of the Phila. bar, b. N. Haven, Aug. 17, 177'7; d. Wilmington, N. J., Aug. 30, 1849. Y. C. 1792. He removed ab. 1798 to Phila. Chauncey, Isaac, capt. U. S. N., b. Black Rock, Ct., Feb. 20, 1772; d. Washington, Jan. 27, 1840. Entering the merchant-service very young, he com. a ship at 19, and made several successful voyages to the E. Indies in the ships of J. J. Astor. On the organization of the navy, he was made a lieut. Sept. 17, 1798; was acting capt. of the frigate" Chesapeake" early in 1802; was highly praised for his conduct in several actions off Tripoli ; became master. May 23, 1804; anrl capt. April 24, 1806. In the War of 1812, he com. the naval force on Lake Ontario, but was unable to bring the British com.. Sir James Yeo, to action. April 25, 1813, he conveyed Gen. Pike's force to York, which was captured, Chaunccy's gallantry being conspicuous. May 27, he again co-operated with the land-force in the capture of Fort George, which brought al)0ut the evacuation, by the British, of the whole Niagara frontier. Sept. 27, Chauncey succeeded in getting up with Yeo, in York Bay. " The Pike," his flagship, was, on this occasion, manoeuvred and fought iii a man- ner ever since a theme of admiration in the navy. Before the whole Amer. squadron could get into action, the enemy bore up, Chauncey following. A heavy gale stopped the chase, and prevented the destruction of the British fleet. After the war, he com. in the Meditcrra- ne.in, and with Wm. Shaler, consul, negoti- ated a treaty with Algiers. Navy commiss. at Washington in 1820, and from 1833 until his death. He was a model of gallantry, energy, and skill ; father of Com. J. S. Chauncey, Com. John S., U. S. N., b. New York; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., 11 Apr. 1871. Midshipman, Jan. 1, 1812; lieut. Jan. 13, 1825; com. Sept. 8, 1841 ; capt. Sept. 14, 1855 ; comra. July 16, 1862; in sloop " Peacock," W.I. 180 squadron, in Aug. 1822 ; engaged in capturing 7 pirate vessels and a heavily-armed pirate scliocmer off Biihia Honda, Cuba; assist, insp. of ordnance, 18:38-43; insp. of do., 1847-50; com. sloop " Vandalia," W. I. squadron, 1843- 5; com. steam-sloop" Susquehanna," 1861 ; en- gaged forts Hatteras and Clark, as second in com., Aug. 29-30, 1 S61 ; in com. of blockade of sounds of Va. and NO., Sept. 1861 . —//.n«cr.s/f/. ChaunceV, I'lnn"!. \V,ii< ,,tt, capt. U. S. N. ; d.PeirMunLi.dri, It, Iv;:.. .Mid.. June 28, 1804; liciil. Jan. 7. ishi; ui,i-i.a-, Marcli 5, 1817; caj.t. Apr. 24, is_'fj. ChauveaU(sliu-v,/),Pn.;EKEj.O., LL.D., Canadian author and politician, b. Quebec, May 30, 1820, .Son of a merchant. Wascdii- tion 1 n'url to the 1-d -J! T,ntin Tor; n''»',! i-hich, i' n 178.5 ore th ,bad an a CCI: ll-^ ll < ■ i;. K' ll::ih! i... 11- :l!^.. k ..I 1 hr l,:U a llll in sch olars ilise. " Sc riiitiii ■e I'lMMlir,-!, '^ l-'-I il <1, in 3 : short Essa vs." A lllllrl.ll A'l-r. ll V ( 'ntli m Ma thcr, with ■poci . .MS , wa, |,. ll... Bo ston. 1828 . 11 i~ H>U S \M II I. liiiistci ■ of Marl dehc; ld,d. there May -J-. 1, 17-'4, a. 8.5. H. U. ICSO. 15. New Hi t,, Sc]>t . 22, 1 1339 ; ord. AUL'. 13. 1684. Cheever, Georo E B.\I!I !FII IJ i.D.,,-1 crgv- man and author, b. Hallow vll, .Me ., Ai.r • 17, 1807 . Bo« .■d.CoU. 182,5; And . Theol. , Scm. : 1830. Ord. paste )r Howard-j ^t. Con g. CIni reb, Salem, Ms., 1832 , While at Ando Salem, he tion. 11), I.' : . ., ' > de M,r,ns I ,,„.„„.,■■ |,..,,,i. li,. ,, n .a.ii inp„l„„...._.l/,„„„„. Chauvenet, William, LL. D., mathe- matician, b. Mdford, Pa., 1820; d. St. Paul, Minn., 13 Dec., 1870. Y. C. 1840. He was first employed in taking meteor, observations at GIrard "Coll. Obs. ; became in 1841 instr. in maths, at the U. S. Naval Asylum, Pbila. ; prof, of astron. and maths, at the Naval Acad., Annapolis, 1845-59; prof, of astron. and maths, at Wash. U., St. Louis, 18.59-62; chancellor of the U., 1862-9. Author of "Binomial Theorem and Ln-aritlmii," 1843; "Plane and Spherii.il 'IMjiiniinny," 1850; "New Method of I 'o: ' I bistances," 1850; "The Great I i ! . I. ior,"ful., 1855; "Manual of Sp!i' i an'l 1' .i. t. Astron., "2 vols.. II Citi- , a.37. " Nine Peace, 'aine," settled OP.V in Cheetham, J.vmes, editor Amerk zeii, NY., 1798; d. there Sept. 19, 181 He pub. "Reply to Atistides," 1804 Letters on Burr's Defection," 1803; , ^ or War ? " 1 807 ; " Life of Thos. - itn^-/^'' 1809. Of this work, penned with yf jaTj^ malignity," Cheetham left a revised it,'/) / the library of the N. Y. Hist. Soc. H. ■Jiet%itf ti'i^'^fx English radical, escaped from tlie Manchester I<0o2 ir n/,'''°''' °f 1798, had a mind largely cultivated by - /'^Treading, and remarkable powers of invective. — See Lb: Francis's Old New York. Cheever, Ezekiel, an eminent N. E. schoolmaster, b. London, Jan. 25, 1616; d. Boston, Aug. 21, 1708. The son of a linen- draper. He had a superior classical training, as evinced by some Latin verses and essays still extant in MS. Came to Boston in 1637, but in 1638, with Davenport and Eaton, founded New Haven. Chosen a deacon soon after the organization of a church, he occasionally ofS- ciated as a preacher; taught a public school there from 1638 till 1650, and represented the town in the Gen. Assembly in 1646. He was master of the grammar school at Ipswich from 1650 to 1661 ; taught the free school in Charlestown from 1661 to 1770, and from that time until his death had charge of the Boston Latin School. While teaching at New Haven, he prepared the " Accidence, a Short Introduc- Kcw Yorl contrib. n Bihliolhm " Commo 1828 and Water of Lilc," 1 Genius, and Sane against Slavery," lestial Countrv," Cheevoi-; i!i ceding, a I ■■ Lictiircs on the Life, ■Cowpcr," 1856; "God ■ ; " Voyage to the Ce- popular I ■' iiig them "1-1. ,>,■'■- I '. : ■ I ■ ■ in theSan.lv.: i , ••:...■.■[ l.,s Captors," , la . \,:., !,.,, , ,,. I M, ,. ,,,;,,],, of Capt. I ' ' I ■ 11 ■ r . !.i- phyof Xailiiai 1 ( li- v-iM H , ' I ■ ai ; ■ I he Pulpit and the I'cw," 185S. F.e-idi's at Green Point, L.L Cheney, Harriet V., author, dan. of Hannah Foster, b. Ms. Has pub. " The Sun- day-school," written in conjunction with hcrsis- tef, "A Peep at the Pilgrims," 1850; "The Rivals of Acadia," " Sketches from the Life of Christ," " Confessions of an Early Martyr," 1840. Mrs. Gushing, her sister, has pub. " Es- ther," a dramatic poem, and some works for the young. — AIUbo»e. CHE 181 Cheney, Seth, an artist celebrated for his mi^'oii-iirawings; d. Manchester, Ct., Sept. 10, 18J6, a. 55. He cxcclleJ in giving a purity and spirituality to his pieces. John Cheney, his brother, excelled as an engraver of heads. — Even. Post, Stpl. 1 1 . Chesebro, Caroli.ne, authoress, b. Ca- nandaigua, N. Y. Her first tales and sketches appeared in 1848, in Gniham's Maijazine, and liolden's Dollar Ma^uzine. In 1851, a vol. of her writings was pub., entitled " Dreamland hyDavli-ht, a Panorama of Romance:" in We 1722), by, Ln - L uf C:ol. John (II.U. . I I lather Leonard, ot: Bla- I .: . cauieoverin 1633, was r Ml W , and d. there 11 Dec. 1648, a. 39. A represejitative in 1772, he was a capt., and disting. at ihe battle of Bunker's Hill ; was afterwards made col., and continued in the army until 1777. He was subsequently some time speaker of the Icgisl. of Ct., and a member of the council, 1788-91 and 1803; supervisor of tlio dist. of Ct , 1791-1801, and he also held for some time the office of judge (.1 ilir y. Chestei', Joseph Lemuel, antiquary, b. L^vh-^ , ^ Xuiuuli, rt.. April 3d, 1821._^He was eii- 2 D- /j^'^^i-cil ill meicantilc pursuiis m Phila. until ' 1852, and was a frequent conlrib. to the press, prineipallv under various signatures, of which the best known is that of "Julian Cramer." He then became connected with the Thila. press, and was some time an assist, clerk in the IJ. S. H. of representatives. Sirice 1858, he has resided in London. In 1869, he assi-t- cd in lorming at London " The Harleian So- ciety," for the pub. of inedited MSS. relating to genealoiiy, heraldry, &c., and was chosen a member of its council. In 1870, he was made one of the council of the Hist. Soc. of Great Britain, recently organized. He has pub. " Greenwood Cemetery and other Poems," 1841; "A Preliminary Treatise on the Law of Repulsion," 1853 ; "" Educational Laws of Va., the Personal Narrative of Mrs. Margaret Douglas," 18.54; "John Rogers," with a genealogy of the family, 1861. He is a con- lrib. to various historical and genealogical journals, and is an hon. moniber of several learned societies in Eiig. anil America. Chevalier (sheh-vii ka) Michel, a T,l, Jnn. 13, 1806; studied at th^ i .i 'i : ,: A the mining schools; and was : the dept. du Nord. Hejoinrd tii. In . i i,. ,^1 St. Simon, shared the pennMcs they incuird. and, rCler a short imprisonment, was sent by M. Thiers to the U.S., with the special mission of acquainting himself with the Amer. system of railroads. He arrived in N.Y. near the end of 1832, travelled 2 years over the U S., Mexi- co, and Cuba, and pub. the results in the Journal des Debats, and in 1836, in book-form, entitled. "Lettres sur I' Amgriqne da Nord." He entered the council of state m 1840, suc- ceeded RL Rosse as prof, of political economy at the Coll. of France, and, a few months later, was made chief eng of mines. In his " Uis- toire et Description des Voies de Coinmiinicatwn aux £tdls Unis," 2 vols., 1840-42, he gives a full account of American railroads, with a view of their i.,;lii, .!-•,. ,.|, ,ii .,„•!,,] i„iM. •.,,„■.,■. He is an , .1 \ ..'. .. I I i I s:^l was pOWlir.l! ■. i"ii ■ M,, - ,i •: IM I860, grand ofhrn- >.: :', I, .n . i I ; ,iii,:ial in 1835. He founded a chill III., , .Me. ; spent 3 months in sui r : I I y labors among the Indi- ans ..n ['.:'■ I\ii<)ir. , It, and, during the preva- lence oi yellow fever in Boston, manifested de- votion and benevolence not confined to those of his own creed. Learned, talented, amiable, and devout, ho was regarded by Protestants, as well as Catholics, with sincere affection and respect. Cheves, Langdon, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1824) imi-t and sr.itestnan, b. Abbeville Dist., SX\ ^ ■'! I :, 17 7. .; d. Columbia, S.C, June 25, I 7 !1 I ihltn. to the bar in 1800; end ii 1,1 i ,1 , , I ISUS, becoming its leader ; was .,;;.i,-„a. ui the State; M.C. 1811-16; speaker duiing the 2il session of the 13th Con- gress ; judge of the C. C. P. 1816-19, and for some time pros, of the U.S Bank. He was a zealous supporter of the War of 1812; was chairman of the naval com. in 1812, and of that of ways and means in 1813, and made several eloquent speeches, and advocated the creation of a navy. H-v/n; i I:' f r M-iniiission- cr under the treaty of il' i,' some of its provisions. TIhhl: i i South- ern confederacy, he i.ii i m : i. liiiti the scheme of nullification in Im2. iij was a del- egate to the Nashville convention in 1850, and to the State convention in 1852. Of his lit- erary efforts, the he^t known is his cssayon the subject of lb.' T' S V, III',, .■jiu'd "S.iy." Chew, Hi I >ai- ,: 1., W.River, Anne Artnulel C" , M ' ^ ■ I7l'2; d. Jan. 20, 1810. His;:iMi! I, nil 1,1 M. >aiiil. Chew, came from Cliewton, .Soiiicrsetsiiifc, in 1G7I, with Lord Baltimore. Samuel, bis father, phys. and judge, and a Quaker, d. 16 June, 1744. His speech to the grand jury of Newcastle, on the lawfu'ncss of defence, was pub. in 1741, and repub. in 1775. After studying law with Andrew Hamilton, and also in London, in 1743 he settled on the Delaware, and in 1754 182 cm went to Pliila , wliure lie held respectivp.ly the offices ul iLrniilrr ( 1 7. "i.')-72), register of wills, attv.-urii. (K-.iL.'iir,l ill 1766), and be- came in 1774 cliiLljiistirc of Pa. He was long speaker of tliL- II. of delegates of the 3 lower counties in Del. Claimed by both par- ties when the Eevol. broke out, be took, alter the Deel. of Indep., a decided stand a,^'ainst the Whigs. Refusing in 1777 to sign a parole, ho was sent a prisoner to Fredericksburg, Va. Pres. of ibe High Court of Errors and Appeals, 1790-1806. Chiekering, Jesse, M.D. (1833), a sta- tistical writer, b. Dover, Aug. 31, 1797; d. West Roxbiiry, Ms., May 29, 1855. H.U. 1818. He studied theology, and became a Uni- tarian preacher ; then medicine, uli;. h h. |.;,i - tised ab. ten years in Boston. \. I i to West Roxbury. Author ct I ! , tion of Ms. from 1765 to 18l!i, I In; ' Ini migration into the U.S.," 1848, and " Uepoits on the Census of Boston," 1851, and contrib. many raluable articles to magazines and peri- odicals. His last publication was a "Letter addressed to the Pres. of the U.S. on Slavery considered in Relation to the Constitutional Principles of Govt, in Great Britain and in the U.S.," 1855. Cbiekering, Jonas, philanthropist, and pianoforte maker, b. New Ipswich, N.H., Apr. 5, 1793 ; d. Boston, Dec. 8, 18.53. Theson of a blacksmith. Alter receiving a common scliool education, he learned the trade of a cabinet- maker. In 1818, he went to Boston, and became a workman in John Osborne's piano- forte manuf., and in 1823 began business for himself. He latterly constructed 1,500 instru- ments annually, and at least one grand piano, worth $1 ,000, or more, every week. Just a year before his death, he lost, by the burning of his establishment, more than S200,000, but at once projected and completed an extensive factory at the south part of the city, covering a space of between 60 and 70,000 scjuare feet, 5 stories in height. He was widely known for his liber- ality and kindness to the poor, and those who have struggled for fame in their musical career. He had been a member of the legisl., pres. of the Handel and Haydn Society, and of the Ms. Charitable Mechanics Asso., which last offiee he filled at the time of his death. His son Thomas E. Chickeeing, col. 41st Ms. regt. in the civil war, b. Boston, 22 Oct. 1824 ; d. there 14 Feb. 1871. Succeeded his father in the management of the largo piano-forte manuf. established by him. Child, LvDiA Maria, philanthropist and author, b. Medford, Ms., Feb. U, 1802. Her ancestor, Richard Francis, settled in Cam- bridge, Ms., in 1636. Her brother, Convers Francis, was an eminent Unitarian divine. She was educated at the public schools, and one year in a sera, at Medford. From 1825 to 1828, she kept a private scliool in Watertown, and in 1828 was m. to David Lee Child, a law- yer of Boston. In 1841-9, she, with her hus- band, edited the Antislaverij Standard in N.Y., where she was a member of the family of the Quaker philanthropist, Isaac T. Hopper. While there, she wrote for the Boston Cornier her 2 series of "Letters from N.Y ," afterward pub in 2 vols., 1843 and 1845. She has since resided at Wayland, Ms. She has pub. " IIo- boinok, a Tale of Early Times," 1821 ; " The Rebels, or Boston before the Revol.," 1822; "Juvenile Miscellanv," 8 vols, from 1827 to 1835; " The FrugarHousewifc," 1829, which had in 1833 reached 33 editions; "Mother's Book," 1831 ; " The Girl's Own Book," 1831 ; "The History of Woman," 1832; "Biogra- phies of Good Wives," " Memoirs of Madame DcStael, Madame Roland, Madame Guyon, and Lady Russell; "The Coronal," 18.>3; "Appeal for that Class o! Am ivn- ,, lied Africans," 1833; the tii-~t n ;., •■.■,\k ever printed in Amor, in . ilio Oasis," an annual, 1834; ■ \:i:i ';iv< , ( '.u- .\uthi Tales, 1840; "Flowers for Children," 3 vols., collected from the Juvenile Miscellanv; " Isaac T. Hopper, a True Life," 1S.">3 ; " The Progress of Religions Ideas." 3 vols. 18.55; "Autumnal Leaves," 1857 ; "The Patriarchal Institution " and " The Duty of Disobedience to the Fugitive Slave La«V' 2. small tracts, 1860; "The Right Way and the Safe Way," I860; "Looking Towards Snnscr," IBIU ; "The Freedman'sBooU,"18r..); ami, in 1867, "A Romance of the Rcpulilic." Upon the arrest of Capt. John Brown, she wrote to him, offering her services as a nurse, cnelosing it in one to Gov. Wise. He replied, declining her offer, but asking her to aid his family, which she did. With thislettercamc one from Gov. Wise, reproving her expressions of sympathy for the prisoner, which she answered. She was also the recipient of a singular epistle from Mrs. M. J. C. Mason, to which she replied in her best vein. This series of letters, pub. in pam- phlet form in 1860, had a circulation of 300,- 000. Her antislavcry writings contrib. in no slight degree to the formation of the public sentiment which ultimately prevailed; but they, long subjected her to popular odium. Childs, HiiSBr Halsey, M.I)., physician, b. Pittslield. Ms., June 7, 1783; d. Boston, Mar. 22, 1868. Wms. Coll. 1802. Son of Dr. Timothy, an eminent physician. In Sept. 1823, he organized the Berkshire Med. Institute, which became a college in 1837, and of which he was prof, of the theory and practice of med., and pres. until 1863! He was a Jeffer- sonian Democ. ; represented Pittslield in the legisl. of 1816 and 1827 ; in the Const. Conv. of 1820; State senator in 1837, and was lieut.- gov. of Ms. in 1843. Ho was a man of strict integrity and great benevolence. Childs, 'Thomas, brig.-gen. U. S. A., h. Pittsficld, Ms., 1796 ; d. Tampa Bav, Fla., 8 Oct. 1853. Son of Dr. Timo., and gr.-son of Col. James Easton. West Point, 1814. Enter- ing the art., he was disting. at Niagara anil Fort Erie; became capt. 1 Oct. 1826 ; brev. maj. for gallantry at Fort Drane, Fla., 21 Aug. 1836 ; brev. lieut.-col. for gallantry in the Fla. war, 1840-2 ; brev. col. for Palo Alto and Resaca, 9 May, 1846 ; com. the storming party at Mon- terey"; joined Gen. Scott before Vera Cruz ; maj. 1st Art., 16 Feb. 1847 ; disting. at Cerro 183 ctti Gordo; brev. brij-gcn. for defence of Puebia, 12 Oct. 1847; mi it. {,'ov. of Jiilapa, Apr. 1847, and of Piicbla, An;;. 1847. He joined to un- daunted bravery great professional skill. ChildS, Timothy, M.D. (H. U. 1811), physician and patriot, b. Deerfield, Ms., Feb. 1748; d. Feb. 25, 1821. Entering H. U. in 1764, he was obliged from poverty to leave there in 1767, and, retnrning to " Deerfield, studied physic, and in 1771 removed to practise in Pittstield. An ardent patriot, be was com- missioned in a company of minute-men, with which he marched to Boston in Apr. 1 775, and was soon after app. surgeon of Col. Patterson's regt., with which he went to N. Y., and in the exped. to Montreal. In 1777. he left the ar- my, and resumed practice at Pittsfield, where he continued till his death. In 1792, and for several years after, he was a representative, and also a senator in the General Court, and was a member of the exec, council. He was a warm supporter of the Kepublican, or Democratic party. — Tliaclier. Chipman, D.4siel, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1848), lawyer, b. Salisbury, Ct., Oct. 22, 1765 ; d. Ripton, Vt., Apr. 23, 1850. Dartra. Coll. 1788. In 1775, his father removed to Tinmouth. Daniel labored on a farm until 1783. After studying law with his bro. Nathaniel, nt Kut- land, Vt., he commenced practice there, but in 1794 removed to Middlebury. He became dis- ting. in his prof , and also in literature; was madeamemberofthe Amer. Acad., 1812 ; prof, of law in Mid. Coll. from 1806 to 1816. He rep- resented Rutland in the State Const. Conv. of 1793, and was often a member of the State legist, between 1794 and 1803, when he was elected a member of the council, and from 1809 to 1815, and again in 1818 and '21 ; speaker in 1813-14; M. C. 1815-17; member of the Const. Convs. of 1816 and 1850. Besides these duties and distinctions, he was the first reporter of the Supreme Court of Vt. ; pub. a valuable treatise on the Law of Contracts, and a vol. of Reports of the Supreme Court, 8vo, 1835 ; a bi- ography of his bro. Nathaniel Chipman, and also of "Col. Seth Warner and Gen. Thos. Chit- tenden, 1849. He was the youngest of 7 bros., all highly distinguished men. Chipman, N.xthaniel, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll.) jurist, I). Salisbury, Ct., Nov. 15, 1752; d. Tinmouth, Vt , Feb."l5, 1843. Yale Coll. 1777. Bro. of Daniel. Lieut, in the Revol. army in the spring of 1777, and participated in the battles of Monmouth and White Plains. He studied law, was adm. to the bar in JIarch, 1779, and removed to Tinmouth, Vt. He im- mediately took a high stand at the bar ; was a member of the State legist, in 1784-5; a judge of the Supreme Court of Vt. in 1786, and chief- justice in 1789. In that year, he was one of the commissioners on behalf of Vt. to adjust differences with N. Y., and in 1791 to nego- tiate the admission of Vt. into the Union, "in 1791, he was app. bv Washinston judge of the U. S. Dist. Court of Vt., which he resigned in 1793; in Oct. 1796 was again chosen chief- justice of the Supreme Court, and at the same time was .ipp. one of a committee to revise the statutes, the duties of which were almost wholly performed by him. He was U. S. senator from 1797 to 1803 ; from 1806 to 1811 was a repre- sentative to the State legisl. ; in 1813, he was one of the council of censors ; in 181.3-15 was once more chief-justice of the Supreme Court ; and was prof of law in Mid. Coll. from 1816 until his death. Judge Chipman enjoyed high reputation as a jurist and a lawyer, and pos- sessed, also, considerable literary and scientific attainments. He pub. in 1793 " Sketches of the Principles of Govt.," and a small vol. of " Reports and Dissertations." In 1826, he re- vised the laws of Vt. His bro. Daniel pub. a memoir of his life. Chipman, Wakd, LL.D., chief-justice of N. Brunswick, b. St. John, N.B., July 10, 1787 ; d. St. John, 26 Dec. 1851. H.U. 1804. Son of Judge Ward Chipman, a loyalist. He held, successively, the offices of advocate-gen. and clerk of the circuits, recorder of St. John, solicitor-gen., puisne judge of the Supreme Court (.Mar. 18, 1825), and Sept. 29, 1834, was app. chief-justice. He had also been a speaker of the assembly, and pres. of the legisl. coun- cil, and w.is a liberal benefactor of churches and schools. Chittenden, Martin, gov. of Vt. (1813- 15), son of Gov. Thomas, h. Salisbury, Ct., Mar. 12, 1769 ; d. Williston, Vt..Sept. 5,1841. Dartm. Coll. 1789. In May, 1776, the family removed to Williston, Vt., but, during the same year, took up their abode in the south part of the State, where they remained until the close of th" "-ir ( ivvin..' to feeble health, he devoted hiiri- ' ' . ' ' ■■ ' r-'iits. of whirii lie was ex- Orr,| 1 •: i :' ,1 rir|,n, i,l P j i i f trildcn Co. W.>. ,; ,u. lii'. r .,i ilirojnvcnti..ii th;U adopted the U. ,S. C,jii,iiM\iM; was in 1790 elected county clerk and representative, to which sta- tion he was re-elected for 6 successive years, and also at occasional subsequent intervals. He was judge of the Co. Court in 1793-5 ; chief-judge in 1796-1803; and was M. C. from 1803 to 1813, and judge of probate in 1821-2. He was gov. during the war with Eng., and refused to com- ply with the requisition of Gen. Macomb for the State militia. This act was severely commented upon by his political opponents, and prevented his re-election. At the age of 33, he attained the rank of maj -gen. of militia. Chittenden, Thomas, first gov. of Vt., b. East Guilford, Ct , Jan. 6. 17.30; d. Willis- ton, Vt., Aug. 24, 1797. With a scanty edu- cation, at the age of 20, he m., and removed to Salisbury, where he commanded a regt. ; was many years representative, and justice of the peace, but in May, 1774, emig. to the N.H. grants, as Vt. was then called, and settled at Williston, on Onion River. During the con- troversy with N.Y., and the war of the Revo!., he was assiduously engaged in the councils of his State, to which he rendered groat ser- vice ; was a member of the convention, which, Jan. 16, 1777, declared Vt. an independent State ; and was app. one of the com. to communicate to Congress the proceedings of the inha''itants, and to solicit admission into the Confederacy. He was a leading mem- ber of the convention at Windsor, July 2, 1777, which framed the first constitution of Vt. ; and pres. of the council of safety, which was vested with all the powers of 184 govt., executive, le-islativc, ami jii.Ucial. Choule?!, A memoir of him, with a history of th- con- r]. 1 ' V 111 Ml :i was pub. in IS49, In- Dnnicl Chipman. Un- der th" r„n.ii,nfi"n" r.t:.l.li. OX'-:. 1 i 1 : I; 1 that office until ho was •-' . hi, .' 1 : ; : 1 .".^ition in which Honk, \ .1 Choate, Kufus, LL D. (Y.C. 1844), an eminent lawyer and orator, b. Essex, Ms., 1 Oct. 1799; d. Halifax, N.S., 1.3 July, 1859. Dartm. Coll. 1819. Tutor in D.O. one year; he then studied at the Canib. Law School", and in the office of Wm Wirt, at WashMT.;ton, DC. : he-an practice at Daiivcrs in I 824, and, in I=-ll ..111 i\ -l li, r!..v,„i, v,'i 1 ■ li- ",-aincd ISy^-t ; U.S. senator, as siicc Webster, Feb. 1841-Aug. 1345. He spoke ably on the McLcod case, the Fiscal Bank Bill, Oregon, the Smithsonian Institution (of which he was a rcjient), and in opposition to the an- nexation of Texas. In 185.3, he was ntty.- gen. of Ms. and a member of the Const. Conv. After the ilcath of ^r^. Webster, he was the ackin.i:. L. .1 11:11.: i' . Ms. bar. In 1838, iiii|..ii .1 . :' li .11. I lii^ retire- ment from Jill ' liled for Europe, bm | ■- ..1. ; i . . : ': m Hali- fax, where he died. T . 1 .. 11 11 I'lj 1:1 person, he had a fn. 1 1 His overlookinsone in an opponent, his powers as a lawyer wei'e seen to the greatest advantage in the unpremeditated discussion of the law points that incidentally arose. RcKUS, his son, an officer in the 2d Ms. Vols., d. Dorchester, Ms., 15 Jan. 1866, a. 32. — See his Works, with Memoir bij S. G. Brown, 1862; (lolden Affe 0/ American Orator//, b// E. G. Parkfr, 1857. Choisi de (deii shwa'-ze'), a French gen. of brifiade, of disting. merit, in the army of Rochambeau ; com. the force which invested Gloucester, Ya.., Oct. 3, 1780, att.acked and de- feated Tarleton's Legion, and aided in the cap- tnre of Cornwallis at Yorktown, Va. ,. I':..ii, i:..nr Boston, :■ .. ii.iilinNew- - . ; •. :i.,..l of boys, Illy iia.ililiLd. At the tlie pastoral charge of port. He was also a h. to the press, and ■l.ristinn Missions," a rNrnr-inn to Hmopo lS,-)5. edition of .Xriil's " Ili.Morv of the Tin iiaiis," urnal, 1843; a coiitiniKitioii of" Hiuton's "History ,and, of the U.S.," edited an edition of Foster's g for " Statesmen of the Commonwealth of Eng- eared land," 1846; James's "Church-Member's Guide," and " Young American Abroad, or Va- Europe," describing tour with several of his pupils. He dclii excellent anniversary addresses ; was muc terested in agricultural and political and was a warm partisan and personal friend of Mr. Webster. Of low stature, in person the beau ideal of a bon vivant, his knowledge of the world, humor, and vivacity, made him a was most agreeable companion, in addition to latnr which, he was exceedingly benevolent. n in Chouteau (shoo'-to'), AuGUSTE and Mr. PiERHE, two brothers, founders of the city of St. Louis, b. N. Orleans ; d. (the first) Feb. 24, 1829, a. 80, and Pierre, July 9, 1849, a. 90. They joined the exped. of Laclede in Aug. 17G3, to establish the fur-trade in the region west of the Mpi. Auguste, the elder, was in com. of a boat. In the following winter, they selected a point 61 miles above St. Genevieve, on the we-stern bank of the Mpi., for their principal post, and named this St. Louis. Auguste was in charge of the party that commenced opera- tions hen- Feb. 15, "1704. The brothers be- lERRE, son of the last 11 ?89; d. 8 Sept. 1865. W: lant in the fur-ti,iile in St ember or the lira.l if m. ■ Chl-istian, Col. AVili.i..vm, b. Bril;clcv Co., Va., 17.3-J; d. Jime, 1782. Emigrating with his fiimily to Pa., he served against Pontiac; wasacapt. in Forbes's exped. against Fort Duquesne in 1758, and was efficient in Dunmore's campaign against the Sciotos. He was an intimate friend of Washington. CUR 185 Settled at Bradclock's Ford on tlie Youglii- ogeny in 1768, and raised and com. a regt. dur- ing the Revol. In 1782, he reluctantly accepted the com. of an exped. to ravage the Wvandotto and Moravian Indian townson theMuskingum ; was taken prisoner, and put to death with ex- cruciating tortures. Christie, Gen. Gabkiei, ; d. Montreal, Nov. 1798. Capt. 48th Foot, Nov. 13, 1754, and was in com. at Albany in the summer of 1 757. He served at the siege of Loiiisliurg in 1758, was app. maj. Apr. 7, 1759 ; d.ii.-m.-gcn. in Amcr., Aug. 14, and entered Canada with theBiitif.li army in 1760. He became brevet lieut.-eol. Jan. 27. 1702; liLUt.-col. GOth rov. Americans D.v, -4, ITC'*. Sr|M, IS, 1775, lie was change! n. thr lir- !,;i; ; aj-i,, -|ii;uti'rmast.- gen. ill c, ,11. 1. 11. ,\ ■ I... inrv. ml. .\,,r. gen. Jan. 1, 1798. C ii i i |.i . .ji h tor of Isle Aiix Nois in the I!!^-: : K, :i little north of Lake Champlaiii Mvaids sold to the crown ; and ut -« \ i i. -^ i^iii.n ies in the vieiiiity of the ishmd. Christie, John, col. U.S.A., son of James, b. N.Y. Citv, 1786; d. Fort George, U.C, Jiilv 22, 1S1.3. Col. Coll. 1806. He studied law; was app. lieut. of inf. May 3, 1808; capt. Feb. 18119; lieut.-col I3ih Inf., Mar. 12, 1812; wounded at Queensiown, Oct. 13, 1812, where he com. the regular troops. He dis])layed here the courage and skill of a veteran, but was compelled, after an heroic struggle, to surrender to an overwhclminsr force. Insp -gen.. Mar. 18, 1813 ; col. 23d Inf., Mar. 12, 1813. Christie, Robert, M.P.P., a Canadian historian, b. Nova Scotia, 1788; d. Queliec, Oct. 13, 1856. Author of "History of L. Canada," 6 vols., 12mo. He was at various time? a contrib. to the Quebec Gazette and to the Qtitbec Mercury. Christophe (kres'tSf), Hknri, king of Hajti, b. Oct. 6, 1767, in the Island of Granada, or "of St. Christopher; d. Oct. 8, 1820, by his own hand. One account states that he was, at the age of 12, taken to St. Domingo, sold as a slave, and employed as a cook : others relate, that after serving in the Amer. war, and i-eceiv- ing a wound at the siege of Savannah, he went to St. DomiuL'O, and wn^ nof MorafVir- " Letter to Mr. larks on Graham's Clapp, Asa, merchant, h. Mansfield. Ms., Marcli 15, 17G2; d. Portland, May 17, 1848. The son of a respectahle firmer. He was a vol. in Sullivan's cxped. tu R. I. in 177S, and served as an officer of a jirivateer until the close of the Kevol., when he obtained the com. of a ship. He was at St. Dominu'O durinsr the negro insurrection, and rendered miiuh service to the distressed inhabitants. Quitting the .sea in 1796, he established himself in business in Port- land, and became one of the wealthiest and nin-i , including yellow-fever and cholera, anil, by his laborious devotion to all classes, earned the esteem and affection alike of his own parishioners and of the whole body of Protestant and Catholic in- habitants. In 'l847, he travelled in Kurope; re- signed his pastorate from ill health in 1857, and in 1858 pnb. a vol. of " AutoWoiraphical Sketches and Recollecrion-^ ..f n ■?5-Ye:,iV Res. in N. Orleans ; " in 1 S'l'i ■ l- ' \'i ws," &c. An instance of the e-.li , i : i\i^lield, even l)y his bitterest n ummi , ,... - i- lound in the fact, that, for ni.iiiv \L,ii-, tl.e u.se of a large church in N. Orleans was given him by its owner, Judah Touro, a wealthy Jew, free of I Clapp, William Warland, Jun., jour- nalist, b. Boston, 11 Apr. 1826, succeeded his father, in 18+7, as editor of the Bofton Sat. EmiliH) Cazelle. After the death of C. 0. Ro- gers, he became a proprietor of the Boston Jour- nal. Author of a " History of the Boston Stiitre." Clark, Abraham, signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Elizabcthtown, N.J., 15 Feb. 1726 ; d. Rahway, Sept. 15, 1794. Bred a farmer, he taught hiiiiself a knowletL'C of mathematics and of the law ; held the ofiBces of high sheriff and clerk of the assembly, and, from his h; giving legal advice gratuitously, was "the poor man's counsellor." Active Revol. movement, he was on the coir of public safety; w;i-, \\i;Ii r-.v In. uni a delegate to Coiiir i 11.17 til the adoption ot ili T i i .. i i . a a member of the e i : ;ri n ' m i i 1786. and of that which fi..ih. I ! - in 1787. Member of the Si:u. . i: M. C. 1789-94. Two of Li- the army, were at one time i'lin i; ■•', il sey prison-ship ; and the sufferings of t them were such that Congress ortiered a ation. His zeal, public spirit, and p made hiin one of the most useful men Clarke, Sir Alured, a British field-mar- shal, b. 1745; d Sept. 16, 18.32. He entered the arinv in 1755: became mai. Nov. 1771; •inat .,,,■, :;[, r,.or, i::: , m.c -oi. Mav.nsi; 11, ' - ' ' \' r :.-n. isno; 11. '■ r,: ' , ; ■! II. ■. , ^ .■ I liiti^h forces in s,i>,i.in.,:, nn::l ,!,...r v,i:': i .i.val, 11 Julv, 1782, and gaiiieil the good will uf the Ameri- cans by his courtesy and by the protection of property at the evacuation. Gov. of Jamaica ; gov. of Quebec, 1792-3 ; com. at the capture of the Cape of Good Hope in 1794; com. -in- chief of Madras, 1795-7; gov.-gen of India, Sept. 1797-A;ir. 1808; and com.-in-chief of the forces in India, May, 1798-1801. Clark, Alvak, portrait-painter, and maker of telescopes, b. Ashfield, Ms., March 8, 1804. A farmer's boy, at 22 he became acalico-engrav- er at Lowell. In 1836, he became a suceess- W\ the "Procecilings of the l!o\ \- : ly of Lond.," contains a list ol . 13, 1818. Originally a land- surveyor, he com. a company in Dunmore's army'in 1774. In 1775, he went to Ky., and took com. of the armed settlers. In the spring of 1778, Maj Clarke was intrusted by Gov. Henry of Va. with the com. of an pxpod. against the British fort at Kn^kii-^l;!! wliirh he surprised and captured. 11- -m '■ 1, :i'-n, in reducing other posts in th 11 i I n^ that at Vincennes, whii-h \' : I into a county, under the juri- , in 1 \ 'i I named Illinois. Promnti 1 '■ : authorities, he applied liim the pacification of the In^Lm 1,1.., A ■ thus engaged, he learned tli.u. Uuv. lI.iuuUuii of Detroit had captured Viucennes, and that further blows were to be struck against Amer. posts. Anticipating the enemy, Col. Clarke commenced his march against Vincennes, Feb. 7, 1779, with 1 75 men, traversing a wilder- ness and the drowned lands of Illinois, suffering every privation from wet, cold, and hunger. The'phice was besieged on the morning of the 19th, and was surrendered the next day. He intercepted a convoy of goods worth 810,000, and built Fort Jefferson on the west bank of the Mpi. In retaliation for the inroads of the British and Indians into Ky.,in June, 1780, he led a force against the Shiiwnees on the Great Miami, defeating them, with heavy loss, at Pickawa. DuringArnold's invasion, Clarke took a temporary com. under Baron Steuben. He aftertvards succeeded in raising a considerable force for an exped. against Detroit, and was made a brigadier ; but the progress of Cornwal- lis, and the poverty of the country, restricted the frontiersmen to the defensive. In Sept. 1782, Gen. Clarke, at the head of more than 1 ,000 mounted riflemen, assembled at the mouth of the Linking, invaded the Indian towns on the Scioto, burned five of their villages, and laid waste their plantations, producing a salu- tary etfoct, and so awing tlie savages, that no formidable Indian war-party ever after invaded Ky. In 1786, Clarke com. an exped. of 1,000 men against the Indians on the Wabash. It was a' failure. His great services to his coun- try were passed over, and he d. in poverty and obscurity. " A Sketch of his Campaign in III. in i778-9," by H. Pirtle, was pub. 8vo, Cincinnati, 1869. Clark, Gen. Isaac, d. Castleton, Vt., Jan. 31, 1822, a. 73. Member of the Const. Conv., and many years chief-jndge of the Vt. Co. Court, a soldier of the Revol., and col. 11th U.S. Inf, Mar. 12, 1812. Com. a successful exped. against Massequoi, L. Canada, Oct. 12, 1813. Clark, J. Henry, M.D., phvsician and author, b. Livingston, N.J., June 23, 1814 ; d. Montclair, N.J.,^ March 6, 1869. U. of N.Y. 1841. He studied medicine in N.Y. and Eu- rope, and settled in practice at Newark, ab. 1846, gaining a high reputation. He wassome years pre-i. of the Essex Co. Med. Society. Author of " Sight and Hearing," 1856 ; " Med. Topography of Newark and its Vicinity," 1861. Clark, Col. James, b. July 1730; d. Leb- anon, Ct., Dec. 29, 1826. Descended from Daniel, an early settler of Windsor, Ct. A capt. regt., and dii ker's Hill ; made lieut.-col of Huntington's regt. Nov. 4, 1775. and was disting. at Harlem Heights and White Plains. Clark, James, gov. Ky., 1836-9, b. near the Peaks of Otter, Bedford Co., Va., 1779 ; d. Frankfort, Ky., Aug. 27, 1839. His father having moved to Clark Co., Ky., James prac- tised law in Winchester in 1797 ; was several times a member of the State legisl., was judgtf of the Court of Appeals, 1810-12; M.C. 1813- II? nnl 1«25-31 ; judge of the Circuit Court, 1 ■ ! " - I in 1 member of the State senate, and I '.III S.!2. — Collins' s Hist. Ky. Cl.u'ku, James, journalist and politician, I.. \V,,,i,iurLhmd Co., Pa. ; d. near Burlington, luwa, July 28, 1850, a. 38. He went to St. Louis in 1838, then to Beloit, Wis., where he was territorial printer, and in 1837 to Barling- CL^ 190 CIxA. ton, Iowa, where he conducted the Territorial, now State Gazette, until the winter of 1839-40 when he was app. sec. of the Terr. ; rcsmnea the conduct of that paper from 1843 to 184S; was Kov. of the Terr, in 1846, and again edited the Oazellr, from the fall of 1848, till his death Clarke, James Freem.in, D.D. (H.U. 18631 clcp'vman, li. Hanover, N.H., April 4, 1810. H. U. 1829 ; Camh. Div. School, 1833. , ' , . I'astor of the Unitarian Church at Lonisvil e, ' t < ' Ky., from 1833 to 1840, of the Church of the Disciples, Boston, from 1841 to 1850, and from 18.'J3 to the present time. He edited the Western Me.'^snwer at Louisville, 1836-9; translated De Wette's" Theodore," 2 vols., 18«; 1''";,',' V*« and Military Servieesof Gen Wm. Hull," 1848 ; " Eleven Weeks in Europe, 1851; bhnstian Doctrine of For-ivencss," 1852 ; "Service- Book and Hymn-Book for the Church of tlie Uis- ciples" 1844,1856; "Memoirs of the Mar- chioness D'Ossoli," 1852: " Christian Doctrine of Prayer," 1854 and 1856 ; " Ten Great Ke- ligions," 1 cessive years dep. gov. of the Colony. In his will, he'left his farm for cliaritable purposes, theiucomeof it only to be expended; and it has since produced annually about $200. — Duyrldnik. , „ Clarke, Johk,D.D. (U. „f Kdinl..). Cong, minister, b. Portsmouth, N 11 , Ai-nl 13, 1755 ; d. April 2,1798. II. U 177 1 H; h^rame a tcacher.and wasord. past.ir ot ilir hnst Chu>-cli, as cuUea.'ue with Dr. Chmiiieey, .July 8, 1778, He pub.'a tract, entitled "An Answer to the Question, Whv are you a Cliii^tiaii 1" 1797 and " A letter "to a Student at Coll.," 1 .96. A vol. of his sermons w^s pub. in 1799, and " Discourses to Young Persons " in 1804. Clarke, John, gov. of Del., 1816-17; d. Smvrna. Del., Aug. 1821. Clarke, Gen. John, gov. of Ga., 1819-23, b. 1766 ; d. West Fla., Oct. 15, 1832. At 16, he was app. licut., then capt.. of militia. He foufht iiiuler his fuller. Gen. Eliiali Clarke, in .i,,,'i).., ,,1 .u-niv ■ :ir III.' -I ■ ' ■ "I' .\'i-ii^ta; and, greatly also occasional sermons, pSems, articles in reviews, &c. In 1864, he delivered a tercentenary discourse on bhak- speare in Boston. Dr. Clarke has ever been devoted to practical reforms, to the im- provement of the forms of worship and fellow- ship, and was long engaged in the antislavery movement. The worship of the Church of the Disciples combines the features of re- sponses on the part of the congregation, as in the English Church, the extempore prayer ot the Concregationalists, and the silent prayer of the Friends. His treatises on prayer and forgiveness have attracted much attention. Clarke, John, a founder of R.I., b. Bed- fordsh. Eng., Oct. 8, 1609; d. Newport, April 20,1676. He was a physician in Loud., came Ms. soon after its settlement, but espousing ^vo, Lond.,^1847.^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^ ^^^^^.^^^ ^^__ gen. of Ihc StiUe uiiluui. -Vl .i c iln-al period in the War of 1812, ho was app. by the gov. to the com. of the forces destined to defend the sea- coast of Ga. Clarke, John A., D.D., Pr.Ep. clergy- man and author, b. Pittsficld, Ms., May_ 6, 1801 ; d. Nov. 27, 1 drew's Church, Phil early brrani'' n v"]'! He-pul.. ■ ■ •' ; Thou SI- "The V 1 1^'- Wav,"aiul- A Wi.lk of the Old World" was pub. 23. He Awake, hy the Jlimpses imoir of the a ithor, by the Rev. S. H. Tyng, in 2 vols iiuse of Anne Hutchinson, and publicly ,in", with Roger Williams, full license for rHiVr'ious' belief, was obliged to flee from the Colony. Welcomed by Roger Williams, the fn.ritives formed themselves into an organiza- tioli. March 7, 1637-8, and obtained from the Indians Aquidneek, which they named the Isle of Rhodes, or Rhode Islanil. Th bean at Focasset, in 1638 ; and Mr. Clarke, wlu) commenced preaching, founded at New- port in 1644, and became- pastor of, the second Baptist Church in Amer. In 1649, he was treiis. of the Colony. Visiting his friends in Lynn, while preaching there, July 24, 16Dl,he was arrested, was taken before the court, and was condemned, for what were adjudged false teachings, to pay a fine of .£20, or be publicly whipped. He proposed ad' obliged to pay his fine, and was ordered to leave the Colony. ' He was sent to Eng., with Roger Williams, in 1651 , as an agent of the Colony of the ( Ky., April 17, 1802. Removing to Mo., he was clerk of Howard Co. Court, 1824-34 ; com. a mounted regt. in Black Hawk war ; niaj.- gen. of militia, 1848; member of legisl. 18jO- 51 • as gen. of militia, expelled the Mormons from Mo. : M.C. from 1857, until expelled in settlement July, 1861. . r r„^;„,v. Clark, Rev. Jonas, minister of Lexing- ton, and Revol. patriot, b. Newton, Ms., Dec. ■'5 1730; d. Lexington, Nov. 15, 1805. H.U. 1752. Ord. successor of Mr. Hancock nt Lex- ngion. Nov. 5, 17 faithful minister. Il>»,i- - and saw his peojilr -hi.t <1 ■ ■ . uu the 19th of April, 177.'). 1 1 n mj i ii^> ." .nun- self and parishioners religiously u isirvcd the but was anniversary of this event. He pub. se>mons, and "Narrative of the Lexington Battle, '' Clark, Lab AN, DD. (Wesl. U. 1853), Methodist clergvman, b. Haverhill, N.H.,July 19, 1778; d. Middletown, Ct., Nov. 28, 1868. He received an academical education at Brad- ford Vt. ; began to preach in 1800 ; joined the N Y. Conference in 1801, and for 50 years was a successful and able preacher in N.\ ., N. E inin,^ it till his death, and was for 3 sue- where he fixed his residence in 1851. .:.!., and there pub., in 1652, " 111 News NewEngland; or, a Narrative of New England s Persecution." Remaining 12 years m Eng., he succeeded in obtaining a revocation of Coddington's commission as gov., and finally procured a second charter for the Colony, which CLuA. 191 CLA Clark, Lonis Gatlord, editor, b. Otisco, N.V. 1810. He ana his twin-biotlier Willis were rliicfly educated by their father, a Revol. soldier, and a man of reading and observation. In 1834, Louis became editor of the Knicker- bocker Matjazine. His eontribs., called " The Editor's Table," and " Gossip with Readers and Correspondents," display humor, pathos, culture, and geniality. In" 18.52, "Kniek- Knacks from an Editor's Table," selected from the mag.azine, appeared in an 8vo vol. He had previously pub. a selection of pa|icrs by Ir- Ske°dK ■" "l • '^ ■-'-' •' • : /i • ' "\"i'' -^ tribs.io I:, .■, , : , , . I ■ [ '••• ivi I . ,:.,, ' , Gallrry," ,,i,, :,•,,: ^.l «:';, ti.'ir ,.,i:, ,,:,-, .m,.| consi<[inL; wiioiiy ot their iiri-inal coiuniH. The design wiis to ])urcha3e a cottage residence for Mr. Clark at Piermont on the Hudson, where be has lived many years. Clarke, McDos.^ld, poet, b, N.London, Ct., Juno 18, 1798; d. N.V., Mar. 5, 1842. NY. Ci of was a I i (lit at the fashionable Grar-c ( I! iMcms were liumorous, sentiiiH ! I , I : : I'liant, and have a vein of tCTil : ,^ all their grotesqueness and ill' i r i i v contain manv touches of dcllc „,,.i u:il,ility. They" are now rare, tli'itijh .r\, III i inc^s pub. ; some of their titles beirm-, " A Review of the Eve of Eter- nity, and other Poems," 1820; "The Elixir of "Moonshine," by the Mad Poet, 1822; " The Gossip," 1825; "Poetic Sketches," 182.5; " The Belles of Broadway;" "Death in Dis- guise," a temperance poem, 183.3; "Poems," 1836. His last effusion, "A Cross and a Coronet," was pub. 1841 Appleton's Ci/clop. Clarke, Newman S , brev. brig.-gcn. U.S.A. ; d. San Francisco, Oct. 16, 1860. App. from Vt. ensign 11th Inf., Mar. 12, I8I2; adj. 1813; brig.-maj. to Gen. Ripley, 1814; brev. capt. " for gallantry in the battle of Niagara," July 25, 1814; capt. Oct. 1814; brev. m.aj. July 25, 1824; maj. 2d Inf., July 21, IS.W; liout.-col. 8th Inf., July 7, 18';8 ; col. 6ih Inf., June 29, 1846 ; com. brig, in Mexico in 1847 ; brev. brig -gen. " for siege of Vera Cruz," Mar. 29, 1847.— 6Wrf;,er. Clark, RuFus Wheelwright, D.D. (U. of N.Y. 1862), Presh. minister, b. Newbury- port, Ms., 1813. Y.C. 1838. Rector of the North Church, Portsmouth, nntil Dec. 1851 ; of the Maverick Church, E. Boston, from Dee. 1851 to 1856 ; now of the D. R. Church, Al- bany. Has pub. " Heaven and its Scriptural Emblems ; " " Memoir of Rev. John E. Em- erson," 1851; "Lectures to Young Men," "Review of Prof. Stuart on Slavery," 1850; "Romanism in America," 1859; -"Life- Scenes of the Messiah; " also pamphlets, ser- mons, &c., and eontribs. to various journals. Clarke, Samdel (1599-1 682), pastor in Saint Bennet Fink, Lond., pub. " A True and Faithful Account of the Four Cliiefest Plan- tations of the English in Anieri< 1," Lond., folio, 1670; also a niimli. I- m th I works.; " New Description of ili ■ \\ 1. 1 i. 1 .--'.i, fol. Clark, Samuel A., i;|.i- nniii 1- 1, b. New- buryport, Ms. Has puli. '■ Mciii..ir of Rev. Albert VV. Dav," prefaced to Dav's Sermons, 8vo, 1846; "'History of St. John's Church, Elizabethtown, N.J." ( 1 703-1 857 ), Phila., 1 857, 12mo. Clark, Sheldon, benefactor of Yale Coll., b. Oxford, Ct., Jan. 31, 1785 ; d. there Apr. 10, 1840. He studied under the direction of 1',.-^ D-viJit, and herainc a farmer. He ii 1 ! I 1^2,'!, :i |inif. of moral pbilos. and p Mill I- at V.C, ; iifiriwards established J - ii . ii^iiili lunil; liiiic_'ht for the coll. a supcnur telescope, and bequeathed to it the residue of his property, $15,000. Clark, THOM.4S. author of a " Naval Hist, of the U.S.," 2 vols., 1813-14, and " Sketches of the Naval Hist, of the U.S.," 1813; app. from Pa. licut. of art., Apr. 1813 ; assist, topog. ennrr., rank of capt., 1 Apr. 1813; disbanded, June, \S\5. — Gunlner. Clark, Thomas March, D.D. (Trin. Coll. ISJl), LUD. (Cantab. 1867), bishop of R.I., b. Newbiiryport, Ms., July, 1812. Y.C. 1831. Ord. 18.16 ; cousec. Piovidence, Dec. 16, 1854. ITa. i>i|-. "T,. .•:i:ip, ,.ii t-|- r..iiiitiun of Cllal ■■ I .' ■ r.r: . . - illive of Stre.i . ■ ^i'l M :■- -- I-. i-r," "An EtH-h-:ii \lni; lr\ ,■■ '■ !.,ii:', Di^.i ," 1855. Clarke, Gen. \ViLLi.\M.cx|iloicr.andgov. of La. Terr. 1813-20, b. Va., Aug. 1, 1770; d. St. Louis, Sept. 1, 1838. In 1784, he removed to where Louisville now stands, where his bro. George Rogers had built a fort. He served in campaigns against the Indians, was adj. and quartermaster in 1793, resigned in 1796. App. lieut. of art. in 1803, and joined with Meri- wether Lewis in the north-western expl. exped. which left St. Louis in Mar. 1804, returned in the fall of 1806, and kept the journal of the cxped., afterwards pub. He was then made In- dian agent, and afterward brig.-gen. of Upper La. App. supt. of Indian affairs in May, 1822, he made treaties with many tribes. Four of his bros. were disting. in the Revol. One fell in the struggle, another was killed by the Indians on the Wabash. Well acquainted with Indian character and habits, he was ever considerate in his treatment of them. Clark, WiLLLS Gatlord, miscell. writer, bro. of Louis, b. Otisco, N.Y., 1810 ; d. Phila., June 12, 1841. He gave early indications of literary talent ; established a weekly journal at Phila. in 18-30, which was soon abandoned ; be- came co-editor with Dr. Brantley of the Colum- liian Star, a religious and literary weekly; and was subsequentlv, until his d., editor and pro- prietor of the P/i//a. Gazette. In Sept. 1833, he recited his longest poem, " The Spirit of Life "before the Franklin Soc. of B.U. In 1844, a vol. of his literary remains, including " Ollapodiana," poems, and magazine articles, was pub. A complete ed. of his poems was pub. in 1847, under the supervision of his bro. He was a frequent contrib. to the annuals and magazines, particularly the N. Y. Knickerbocker, in which appeared the original, racy, and fan- ciful papers, entitled "Ollapodiana." CZjA. 192 ex, A. Clarkson, Col Mathew, a disting. Re- vol. officer; d N.Y. City, April 22,1825, a. 66. His great-granilfathcr, M^itliew, 13 years sec. of the province, d. in tlie autunin of 170S, the year of the great sickness. He was aide-de- camp to Gen. Gates in the battle of Stillwater, and, while carrying an order in front of the lines, was severely wounded in the neck. He had previously been aide to Arnold, and was wounded at Fort Edward, in July, 1777. In his later years, he was vice-pres. of the Am. Bible Societv. Clary, Albert G., capt. U.S.N., b. Ms., May 8, 1815. Midsbipm. May 8, 18.32; lient. Apr. 11, 1845 ; com. July 16, l'862; capt. Nov. 21,1866. Attached to the sloop "Preble," present at Tuspan and Tabasco, during the Mexican war; comg. steamer "Anacostia." Potomac flotilla in engagement at Acquia Creek, May 31 and June 1, 1861 ; battle of Port Koval, Nov. 7, 1861 ; com. steamer " Mt. Vernon," N.A.B. squad., 1862; steamer " Ti- oaa." \V.I. squad., 1863; steamsloop " Daco- tah," N A.B. squad., 1864; steamsloop " Semi- nole," W. Gulf squad., \S6i-5. — Bamersli/. Clason, ISA vc Stakr, author and actor, b. New York, 1789 ; d. Lond., 1834. The son of a wealthy merchant. He possessed brilliant •natural part-i. He received a good education, and inherited a fortune, which he soon dissipat- ed ; and he supported himself as a writer, teacher of oluciitlon. and actor. He appeared at the ponn-.r: memory ( M . In 1826, lie pub. , , Xew York." He I : ling lines to the \ : I'.inmett. Having 11, .il adventurer, and being redunl , | ., , : scaled up, in com- pany with lii in: •! --, tip- room in which they lodged, lighted a fiie of charcoal, and died bv its fumes. Claviere (kla'veair'), Etienne, st.ites- man and financier, b. Geneva, 1735 ; d Dec.8, 1701. He was forced from political reasons to einitrrate to France. Displayin.g great zeal in the revol. in France, he was app. minister of finance in Mar. 1792, but, on the fall of the Gi- rondists, was imprisoned, and committed sui- cide. He accomp. Brissot in his tour in the U.S. in 1783, and pub., in conjunction with him, " De la France el dea iStats C/nis," transl. and pub. in Lond , 1788. Clavigero (kla-ve-ha'-ro), Fraxoisco Sa- VERio, a Mexican historian, h. Vera Cruz, Mexico, ab. 1720 ; d. Cesena, Italy, Oct. 1793. Educated as an ecclesiastic, and resided nearly 40 years in the provinces of New Spain, where he acquired the languages of the Mexicans and other indigenous nations, collected many of their traditions, and studied their historical paintings and other monuments of antiquity. After the suppression of the order of Jesuits, of which he was a member (1767), he retired to Osena. The fruit of his researches was a" His- tory of Mexico," written in Italian, an Eng- lish translation of which was pub. in 2 vols.. 4to, 1787. This work affords much information relative to the natural and civil history, anti- quities, and religion of Mexico. Claxton, Alexander, commodore U.S.N., b. Md., ab. 1790; d. March 7, 1841, at Tal- cahuana. Chili, while in com. of the squad- ron in the Pacific Ocean. Entering the navy in June, 1806, he was promoted to a lieut. Jan. 8, 1813, and served in the sloop-of-war " Wasp," in her action with "The Frolic," Oct. 18, 1812. Master com. March 28, 1820; capt. Feb. 22, 1831. His son, Col.F. S. Claxton, invented the mitrailleur, or canister-battery, recently introduced in France. His brother Thomas, midshipm. U.S.N., Dec 17, 1810, mortally wounded at the battle of Lake Eric, Sept. 10, 1813 ; d. early in Oct. . Clay, CAssins Marcellus, politician, son of Gen. Green Clay, b. Madison Co., Kv., Oct. 19,1810. Y.C. 1832. He practised law; was a memlier of tlic Kv. legist, in 1835, '37, and '40, and of thenat. Whig conv. of 1840 at Harris- burg. The improved jury system, and the common school system, of Ky., are principally due to his efforts nil!' in i'- I :i-l. He de- nounced the sclii lit ill \atiou of Texas; stumped ili "■ , ^ : ~ in favor of Henry Clay, Whij i i. n ! ■■ l.r the Prcs. in 1844, and June 3, 1845, issued, in Lexing- ton, Ky., the first number of the Tnip Ameri- can, a weekly antislavery paper. In Aug., his press was seized by a mob ; and it was afterward 111' I i I I' innati, and pub. in Lexington. 1 : II 1 I I moved in 1840,and afterward ill I '.ipt. in the Mcx. war, and Mil i |i!,-i:iir at Encarn.acion, 23 Jan. 1847. Hi; aided in nominating Taylor to the presi- dency in 1848 ; called a convention of emanci pationists at Frankfort in 1849 ; separ.ated from the Whii.' partv in ISjO, and, as an antislavery candidate |..r 'i^'e of the clerk of the Chancery Court ; adm. to the bar in Nov. 1797, he opened an office in Lexington, Ky. ; soon acquired extensive practice, and gained repute in criminal cases. He was elected to the legisl. in 1803 and in 1807-8, and was speaker in 1808; U.S. senator, 1806-7 and 1809-10; M.C. and speaker, 1811-14; a commissioner to Ghent, to treat for peace, in 1814 and 1815 ; again M.C. 181.5-21 and 1823-5, and 5 .times re-elected speaker; sec. of State, 1825-9, and again senator, 1831-42. He was an unsuccess- ful candidate for Pres. in opposition to Jack- son in 1832, and again in 1844, when defeated by Polk, the Deinoc. nominee. Thjugh de- feated, he was long the most popni.ir man in the U.S. He was in the senate for the last time in 1849-52, and took a leading part in the compromise measures of 1850. Mr. Clay re- ceived from Madison the successive offers of the mission to Russia, and a place in the cabinet, and, from Monroe.a cabinet office and the mis- sion to Eng., all of which he declined. In Con- gress, his eloquence roused the country for the War of 1812 with Eng.; contrib. to secure the recognition of S.Amer. Independence, to inau- gurate a system of internal improvements, and the protection of Amer. industry. He advocated a thorough Amer. policy, to the exclusion of European influence on this continent. Some of his most eloquent speeches were said to iiave been made to Kv. jiuii-i in criminal cases, be- fore he had pa- > 1 In- _ n \, u-. Ho fought a duel with Iluiii , I ;■ ,11 in 1808, and subsequently i. . : i ..;i I .iiliilph, who had attacked the ;ulmiiii_;;.a:i-,i uf J. Q. Adams. He was interested in the Colonization Society, and was for a time its pres. His Life and Let- ters were pub., and also his Speeches, by Calvin Colton, 1846-57. His widow, Lucretia Hart, d. Louisville, Apr. 6, 1864, a. 83. TiioM.\s Hart Clay, his son, min. to Nicaragua during Lincoln's administ., and afterwards to Hon- duras, d. Lexington, Ky., Mar. 18, 1871, a. 68. Clay, Henry, lieut.-col., b. Ky., April 10, 1811; killed, Feb. 2-3, 1847, at the battle of Buena Vista. Transylv. U. 1828 ; West Point, 1831. Son of Hon. H. Clay. He applied him- self to the study of the common and civil law; twice represented his native county of Fayette in the general assembly, 1835-7. He became lieut.-col. of McKee's i-egt. Ky. Vols, in the Jlcxiean war, June 9, 1846, and extra aide-de- camp to Gen. Taylor Oct; 5, 1846. / Clay, James B.f^l.C. 1857-9, son of Hen- t'-C^' ry, b. VVasliingtoiC D. C, Nov. 9, 1817; d. Montreal, Jan. 26, 1864. Transylv. U. At 15, he went to Boston, spent two years in a count- ing-house ; then settled upon a farm near St. Louis ; at 21, removed to Ky. ; was engaged two years in manufactures. He then stmiied at the Lexington Law School, and practised as the partner of his father until 1849, when he was app. chargi d'affaires to Lisbon. A change in the administration soon brought him home. He resided again at Mo. from 1851 to 18.53, when he became the proprietor of Ashland. He was also a member of the peace conven- tion of 1861 ; but, fraternizing with the Rebel- lion, he died in involuntary exile, and, it is said, through his own excesses. Clay, Col Joseph ; d. Savannah, Ga., Jan. 1805. He was a member of the Revol. committee of 1774-5; member of the Cont. Cong. 1778-80, and judge of the Dist. Court of Ga. 1 796-1 SUI. Pay m. -gen. of the Southern dcpt. in the Revol. — "Go. Uisl. Colls. Clay, Ret. Joseph, lawyer and clergyman, son of the preceding, b. Savannah, Ga., Aug. 16, 1764 ; d. Boston, Jan. 11, 1811. N.J. Coll. 1784. He studied law, rose to the highest em- inence in his profession; was a leading mem- ber of the State Const. Conv., and was U. S. dist. judge of Ga.. 1796-1801. In 1802, he entered the Baptist ministry. Ord. Sav., 194 CLE 1804 ; installed collcan Boston, Aug. 19, 18U7 : ited Savannah, bnt reti: Clayborne, Will thority to .1 >■■,■. ; ;!■ i or any |..ii : ■ : 1631, Kiim I " '-■ ' '- make diotuvciie^, aihi 1 trading-|iu»t on ICmt, Bay, near Annapoh-. more, lie took rolir.i i of Va. ; and hU r,Mi seized bv thr .M'l. imiiIh 111 Dr. Stillman, ral lii^t . Nov. 1808; vis- Tiansi, u ISo.ston, 1810. also Ml Ill oarlv Va. colo- Groiiuv •-.v.of Va..a,.- count o 1 ■ . -:i|H-ak,-Bay, ill 1739- tltll ances ; and, in Kj'.^, iln- l.in- s.mitIv repri- manded Lord Baliini'.iv |,ii- lia\iiiL:, in viola- tion of his royal i-oiniii.inl-, oii^i.d ( 'l,\ Im.i ur from his rightful |iii"rs>i..n.N on Kmi l^l.ind. and slain several persons inlialntin;; tlieiv. Nl-v- crtheless, in 1639, the comniissioncis of plan- tations decided in favor of Lord Baltimore. In 1645, taking advantage of the civil war in Eng., at the head of a body of armed insurgents, he expelled Leonard Calvert, dep.-gov., and seized upon the govt. In 1646, Calvert was re-insta^ ed ; but Clayborne escaped with impunity. In 1651, he was app. a commissioner to reduce Va. to obedience to the Commonwealth of Eng. Bennet and Clayborne, in " The Gui- nea," frigate, rcdnocd Md. also to obedience ; the former wa. <„.„],: ■^,.^■.. aihl (■•la^^o,■„,.. ^,r. of State. Altrr ill- i.-:>M,. , !.-■ um. .|i|..-i-.'Jrd in the olli ■■ ..t -.<. l|.. u,,- : ■ ,,i-. m[iI,u conrt-marti il lliai imd ihr pn-on.-i, i;i I la- con's rebellion. Ik lived in N-u- ]v>nt (..., and d. at an advanced age. lli~ 'ir,r n.i.ints, now nnnicrous, spell the ii.nii ( l.nl.Mi n. Clayton, Augostin Smuh, iiiiist, h. Fredericksburg, Va., Nov. 27, 178 i ; d. Athens, Ga., June 21, 1839. U. of Ga. 1804, and sub- sequently a tutor there. He practised law with eminent success; served in the State legisl., which, in 1810, app. him tocomjiile the statutes of Ga. from 1800 ; was judge of the Superior Court of the western circuit, from 1819 to 1825, and from 1823 tb 1831, when he was superseded for maintaiiiing,in opposition to the policy of the State, the right of the Cherokee Indians to dig gold on their lands; M. C. 1831-5, and a prom- inent opponent of the tariff and the U. S. Bank. He was a proficient in the classics, and in high esteem as an able writer. He acquired some distinction as a politician, and is said to have written the political pamphlet called " Crock- ett's Life of Van Buren.'* He pub. "Laws of Georgia, 1800-10," Angusta, 4to, 1812. Clayton, John, botanist, b. Fulham, Eng., 1686; d. Va., Dec. 15, 1773. Ab. 1706, he emigrated to Va., where his father was atty.- gen., and resided near Williamsburg. Edu- cated a physician, he was an indefatigable bot- anist; passed a long life in exploring and de- scribing the plants of his country, and is sup- posed to have enlarged the botanical catalogue as much as any man who ever lived. 15 years clerk of Gloucester Co. J. Clayton's letter to the Roy. Soc., May 12, 1688, giving an ac- count of several observables in Va., is in Force's Tracts, vol., III. His essays oa the natu- of Va. were pub. in the " Phil. IS " Ml tlir liny. Soc. of Lond. He inl ^|.;7 u:i. i:. S. U. S. >,'i,',u.r'liu,'„ IMi'i., I '-V!i.'»!,i'ii'i'i'e' be- came U. S. ser, ol MaK uinLr IVv 'I'.wlor, wdiieh position Iil- uri'nph'.l iinill ih.' iI.miIi of Taylor in Julv, l^.^ll. II ■ wa- a Ihir^l time U. S. senator, irom .Mar. ls,-,l, iiiiiil Ins drath, and vindicated with marked ability the princi- ples of the Clayton-Bulwer treaty, winch lie negotiated in 1850. Ho was an active and in- fluential member of the convemI(_Mi to revise the State consliiml-n in H'^I I:, il, ■ V. S. senate, he deli vr I ! i iii ; l mmis debate on Fooli- i . m i ,,i , . .nil lor him a place aiiimrj tn' iininu .rs of the body. He also made an iin|ircs>ivc argu- ment in favor of paying the claims lor French spoliations. One of his most remarkable speeches was on Pres. Pierce's veto of the ai t Clayton, Josiil-.a, pb ii lates- maii, d. Deb, Aug. 17'Js. n ; , •; . ] ..irdi- cine many years." Diiiin: i ,■ i . ,iv of Peruvian bark in the lb i , . , ! ircss- fully substituted for it in bi ; ; ; , i i, .tare of poplar and the root of tb : i ■ arly equal parts, and half the ijuintiiy ni ih.' mirrior bark of the white-oak. He was pres. of Del. from 1789 to 1793; gov. 1793-6, and U.S. senator, 1798. Clayton, Powell, gov. Ark. 1866-71 ; U.S. senator for the term 1871-7. Before the war, he was a lawyer in Leavenworth, Kan. Early in 1861, made col. 1st Kan. cav. ; brig.- gen. 1804: Mav C. lSfi3. he com. an exped. from 11^ I -I I, ,\:!. , I- lb- WInir Kn. i ;.. I,reak ful CNp-l. I ■ biiM' l;,:,„, A:L , n M.irch, 1864. inflicting severe loss on the enemy. Clayton, Thomas, senator and jurist of Del., b. 1778; d. Newcastle, Del., Aug. 21, 1854. M. C. 1813 to 1817; US. senator, from 1823 to 1826, and from 1837 to 1847 ; Mr. Clayton also served at diflferent times in the State legisl. as well as in the offices of chief- justice of C. C. P. and of the Superior Court. He was opposed to the Mexican war. Cleaveland, Col. Benj., Revol. soldier; d. Wilkes Co., Ga. Before the war, he moved from Culpeper Co., Va., to Wilkes Co., N.C. App., in 1775, ensign 2d N.C. regt. ; fought at Guilford, also in many actions against the Tories, and was one of the leaders and heroes CLE 195 of Kins's Mountain. He was afterward sur- veyor of Wilkes Co. An impediment in his speech prevented his attaining political dis- tinction. His son John was capt. of dragoons at the battle of Camden. Cleaveland, Elisha Lord, D.D., Cong. clergyman, b. TopsKekl, Ms., 25 Apr. 1806; d. N." Haven, Ct., 16 Feb. 1866. Bowd. Coll. 1829; And. Scm. 1832. Oril. 24 July, 18.33, over the Third Conj. Church, N. Haven. He 5ub. some oeeas. sermons. Grandson of Rev. ohn of Ipswii-h, sun of Dr. Nehemiah of Topsfield, 17G0-26 Feb. 1837. Cleaveland, Joiix, minister of Ipswich, Ms., from 1747 to his d., Apr. 22, 1799, b. Canterbury, Ct., A])r. 22, 1722. Y.C. 1745. Descended from Moses .if Wu'ini n, AT,, He first ministered toaScpai.i- ^ Imol Street, Boston, but deelin r inr. Chaplain in Cul. B:,-hM ', ,. ,: I .,,.,, i>n.-a ind the aim . ! i : :: , :iiidin Ct. and N.Y. in : nv. He bad a contnivri 1 A : 'I hi \;.:sir\\. v.liich brought out several ponderous pamphlets. He was an energetic and successful preacher. He pub. a " Narrative of the Work of God at Chebaceo in 1763-4," an essay in difenro of the atonement, and a treatise on iiiCant biiiti-m, 1784. Cleaveland, Vm:,.,,-.. M.D., LL.D., mineralogist, li. i; '1 I, mi Im- active business, and enalilcil him to devote himself to the lite- rary pursuits so much to his tasie. Clifton was member of an association called the Anchor Club, combinins social objects with that of "producing a di-p"- nun m ili- imiIiHc mind towards war with 1 \\ w.-a iimtiih., in prose and vei>c. i ■ i n ■ n ;-, i , nnd ..tlicr fugitive puljlication , .-..iri-in;; his |,rn in satires in support of Jay's treaty and the administration of Washington, the longest of which was entitled " The Group : " another of .similar tenor, "A Rhtitisody on the Times." left untiir ' in !i he pcr„',nities with much S|iiii: nn.; !. ■ 11 -~ tlic nenias of false philosopliy then |iic;;ilciit in France, in the character nf the will h ("liimcra. Probably the best of bis prniliKtnitis i, the epistle to Gifford, of Gifford's poems. One of his best papers was a pretended French MS. in prose and verse, describing a descent of Talleyrand into hell. He became also accomplished in music, drawing, and field-sports, and relinquished the Quaker dress. A collection of his poems was pub. in New York in 1800. Clinch, UuNCAx L., brij. -gen. U. S. A., b. N.C. ; (1. Macon, Ga., Nov. 27, 1849, a. 51. App. n first lifut. 3il Inf., July 1, 18(18, cixpt. 1810, lieut.-col. in Any. 1813, col. 1819, and in 1829 was biev. a brig.-gcn. When the Semi- nole war brolce out in Florida, in 1835, Gen. Clincli was in com. of that dist. ; and in its earlier events he acted a conspicuous part. In the battle of Onitblecooebe, Dec. 31, 1835, he displayed the most intrepid courinte. He re- sinned his commission in Sept. 1836, and from 1843 to 1845 was M.C. from Ga. His dau. m. Gen Robert Anderson. Clingman, Tiio.mas L., lawyer and poli- tician, b. Uuntsville, Surrey Co., N.C. U. of N.C. 1832. lie studied law, but was elected to the H. of commons just as he was ab. to com- mence pr.icticf. On his ruiircment from the leyisl. in 1830, he removed to Ashville in Bun- combe Co., wlierc be still resides. He was soon after elected to the State senate, was M.C. from 1843 to 1858, witli the exception of one term, and, in Nov. 1858, was app. a U.S. sena- tor. He has made contribs to the sciences of geology and mineralogy, and brought to light manv facts connected with the mountains of N.C.", one of the highest peaks of which now bears bis name. While a memlxx of Congress, he shared in almfi>t all ini|ioii;int debates, and acquitted himM-ll \vi:li aluliiy as chairman of the committee till Im, i^u irLnhnm. Originally a Whig, he afieruar.N uiiitr,! himself with the Democ. p.trty. Exiiclled from the senate in July, 18G1, he took part in the Rebellion as a col. — Lanman. Clinton, Col. Charles, soldier and judge, b. Longford Co., Irclaml, 1690; d. Ulster, now Orange Co., N.Y., Nov. 19, I 773. His grand- father, Wm., an officer in the army of Charles I., settled in Ireland. In May, 1729, wiih a number oT irlativcs ami Irirml^. he chartered a ship to r..nvr\ hi- |.arls In I'liil.i.; but the Cap- to death, L'itlKT Miih a Mriv h, aiM|iiire their property, or dvfr eiiii^riciiin, hiii.li-d them at Cape Cod, ad.r niMniu a ].,<-.■ mho of money as a conunulaiiMii Uj: ilinr h\e^, .Many of the passengers died, auiuug them a foii atid dau. of Mr. Clinton. In the s|aing of 1731, he removed to the county of Ulster, N.Y., where he formed a flourishing settlement, ab. CO miles from the city of N.Y., and 8 miles from tlie Hudson River. Mr. Clinton pursued the occupation of a farmer and surveyor. He was soon app. a justice <•( the peace, countv judge, and lieut.-col. of the militia of Uls'ter Co. March 24, 1758, he was app. a lieut.-col. in PeLancey's regt., in which he served under Col. Bradstreet at the siege and capture of Fort Frontcnae. Of four sons, Alexander (N.J. Coll. 1750) was a physician, Charles was a surgeon in the army which took Ha- vana (d. Apr. 1791 ), James was maj.-gen., and George vicc-prcs. of the U.S. — liur/ers. Clinton, DeWitt, statesman,' b. Little Britain, Orange Co., N.Y., 2 Mar. 1769; d. Albany, 11 Feb. 1838. Col. Coll. 1786. Son of Gen. James and Mary DeWitt. Adm. to the bar in 1788, but practised very little. Pri- vate sec. to his uncle. Gov. George Clinton, 1790-5, and a leading champion, through the pre.ss, of his administration, and a Repnb. in politics. Member of the legisl. in 1797, and in 1798-1802 of the State seii.ate, and a leader of the Democ. party ; U.S. senator, 1802-3, and made a powertui speech on the navigation of the Mpi., and opposed a war with Spain ; mayor of N.Y. City, 180.3-7, 1809-10, and 181 1-14, and, by his wise and efficient adminis- tration, contrib. much to the inosp. ritv of the city. The Historical Sonny aihl ih.' .\cad.of Fine Arts were establishnl iiaihi In, auspices. Oflfered the embassy t.. Ka-. liy .Mr. Adams, he declined ; was a iticmlier of the State sen- ate in 1805-11, and lieut.-gov. in 1811-13. Clinton was the political rival of Aaron Burr, and, alter his di.sgrace, of Daniel D. Tompkins, who excelled him in gaining ]iopnlar favor. Opposed to the War of 1812, he was the peace candidate for the presidency in 1812, receiving 89 electoral votes, but was defeated by James Madison. He was the first pros, of tiie Lite- rary and Philos. Soc., founded ab. 1814; ini- tiated the construction of the Erie Canal in 1815, and was,in 1816, canal commissioner, and pres. of the board, which post he also held in 1823-4; gov. of NY. in 1817-22 and in 1824- 7. The opening of the Erie Canal was cele- brated with great pomp in Oct. 1825, when Clinton was conveyed in a barge on a trium- phal progress from Lake Erie to N.Y. City. He was pre-eminent for comprehensive views, and his liberal patronage of learning and of schools. In 1811, he delivered an elaborate discourse on the Iroquois, before the N.Y. Hist. Soc., and, in 1814, an introductory discourse before the Lit. and Philos. Soc, in whose Trans- actions appeared in \><-/^ 111, ■ l.ihis on the Natural History and In: i i i I; .s of the State of N.Y."— ,SVr/,. , / i f/mton, 1840; W.W.Camphjr, L ! -/ i.v,„.'.,«, 1849 ; D. Uomck's Lifi of Ciinton: 1829. Clinton, Admiral George, gov. of N.Y. Sept. 1743-Oct. 1753; d. gov. of Newfound- land, 10 July, 1761. Y'oungest son of Francis, sixth Earl of Lincoln. App. commodore and gov. of Newfoundland, 1732. Subsequently app. gov. of N.Y., his want of skill in civil af- fairs peculiarly exposed him to the tumults and commotions of colonial govt. In his contro- versies with the assembly, Cohlen, afterwards lieut.-gov., was his champion with the pen ; his chief opponent being Horsemander. Clinton afterwards became gov. of Greenwich hospital ; in 1745 became vice-adm. of the Red, and adm. of the fleet in 1757. Clinton, George, soldier and statesman, son of Col. Charles, b Ulster, N.Y., July 26, 1739; d. Washington, April 20, 1812. After returning from a cruise in a privateer, he ac- comp. his bro. James in the expcd. against Fort Frontcnae, as a lieut. He subsequently studied law under Wm. Smith ; settled in his native county, where Gov. George Clinton gave him a clerkship ; practised law with repute, and, as a member of the assembly, opposed the ar- bitrary measures of the British ministers. He took his place in Congress, May 15, 1775, and voted for independence ; but the invasion of N.Y.. calling him to her defence, prevented his signing the instrument. In 1776, he was a dep. to the N.Y. Prov. Congress, which framed 198 the first State constitution. Active in defend- ing the State as a gen. of militia, he was app. bri-.-KCn. by Con-ress, March 23, 1777. He defended tlie posts at the liii^iilands, and proved his hei-oism by the brave defence of forts Mont- gomep-y and Clinton, when attacked by Sir H. Clinton, Oct. 6, 1777. Chosen first gov. of the State, April 20, 1777, he was re-elected nntil 1795, exhibiting great energy, and ren- dering important services throughout the war, both in his civil and military capacity. In June, 1788, he presided over the convention to ratifv the Federal Constitiiiio,,, th,- adnpii,,n ..f M.llii decided in I 792. W: i^hiii'.:t(i)i wai rc-cli'rtrd prrs., L'liii. tun li ;■. ' < . i rlrrtoral votes for the vicc- pr>-i.| 11 to the legist in 1800, he 1 l- 1-1.' His easting-vote negatived the renuwa 1 of tlie U. S. Banit charter in 1811. Clinton, Sir Henry, an English gen., and com.-in-chicf of the British forces in Amer., b. 1738 ; d. Dec. 2.3, 1795. Grandson of Francis, sixth Earl of Lincoln, and son of George, gov. of N.Y. After-receiving a liberal education, he entered the army ; served for some time in Han- over, and on th.' Ci'iinniTU .luring the 7-yoarj' gen., and
  • iiiii,'. liiiiK^rlf iluiing the early part of the Amer. war. He participated in the bat- tle of Bunker's Hill, leading the re-enforcement, and after having assisted at the unsuccessful attack on Charleston, S.C., entered N.York, after the defeat of the Americans on Long Is- land, and took the command. He attacked and carried Forts Clinton and Montgomery in Oct. 1777, and May 11, 1777, was made Knight of the Bath. In Jan. 1778, he succeedeil Howe in the chief com., and arrived on the 8th of May at Phila., whence, on tlie approach of Washington, about the middle of June, in obedience to previous orders from Eng., lie commenced his retreat to N.Y. At Monmouth Court House, he engageil and compelled the Amer. to retreat with considerable loss. In 1779, he became col. of the 7th or "King's Own " regt., and in the course of the year undertook an exped. against N.J., where his troops be- haved with great barbarity. He also, in con- junction with Gen. Prevost, who com. in East Florida, concerted and carried into cflfect an invasion of Ga., and captured Savannah, invest- ing Charleston, S.C, in Jan. 1780. It sur- rendered on the 11th of the following May. He shortly afterwards, through the medium of Andre, endeavored, unsuccessfully, to obtain possession of West Point, esteemed the Giliral- tar of America. After having made an inef- fectual attempt to succor Cornwallis, who was compelled to capitulate, he commenced prep- arations, in 1782, to attack the French settle- ments in the Antilles, but was superseded in his com. before he could carry the jjrojcct into ef- fect. On his return to Kng., June 12, 1782, a pamphlet war took place between him and Cornwallis, as to the surrender of the latter, the entire blame of which each party attributed to the other. He subsequently obtained the governorship of Limerick, and, in 1793, that of Gibraltar, in possession of which he died. He was for some time a member of parl't. Clin- ton is justly chargeable with the barbarities ex- ercised Inhis troops in N.J., as admitted even hy the British historian Stc.liiian, hiiiiMlf an officer in the army in Amcri. a. In 17:^;. he pub. " A Narrative of his Colli mt in .\iipr,," 8vo ; "Observations on Earl ('Drnwalii^'s An- swer to the Narrative," 8vo, 1783 ; " Letter to the Commissioners," 8vo, 1784. Clinton, Jamks, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. ()iaiii^ero..N.Y.,Aug.9, 1736; d. Dee. 22, IMJ II ■ «a. iliird son of Col. Charl.'s, who : II !i an excellent education ; but I. J ;i lation was for a military life. .\| ;> 'V 1 , iv. Sir Charles Hardy an ensign in the 2d 'regt. of Ulster Co. militia, he became its lieut.-col. before the commencement of the Revol. During the war of 1756, between the English and French, he particularly disting. himself at the capture of Fort Frontenac, wlicre he was a capt. under Bradsireet, rendering essential service by capturing a sloop-of-war on Lake Ontario, whicli impeded the operations of the army. The confidence reposed in his character may be estimated by his a)>p. as capt.- commandant of four regts. levied for the pro- tection of the western frontiers of Ulster and ( iraiiLT'' <''innii' s. — a position of great resjion- mIhIiiv ami ilaii-cr. After the French war, he ?ii. .Maiy !>■ Witt. At the commencement of the Uevul., lie was app. (June 30, 1775) col. of the 3il N.Y. reL,'t., and in the same year ac- conip. Montgomerv to Quebec. Aiip. a brig.- gen. An-. 9, 1776, he com. Fort Clinton when it was alt:i"-'i'l, in ' • -t 1777, by Sir Henry Clinton. Mi i I i ilcfence by about 600 militia au.i •' I : i>li troops. Fort Clin- ton, as wr!! - I ; ! . I (imerv, of which his bro. Gcnr_ , ^ . -. i .run in-chief, was carried in < , , i ' •.■ : iv.-; the last exped. of Gcu. .Suluvau a-ami-t the Indians, by way of the Mohawk. Alter an engagement, in which the Indians were defeated with great loss at Newtown, now Elmira, all resistance upon their part ceaseii ; their settlements were destroyed ; and they fled to the British fortress of Niagara. Gen. Clinton, during a great part of the war, was stationed at Albany. He was present at the siege of Yorktown. Ho was a commissioner to adjust the boundary- line between N.Y. and Pa.; member of the legisl. and of the convention which adopted the present Constitution of the U.S., and a senator. Clitz, Henrt B., brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. Son of Capt. John, 2d U.S. Inf West Point, 1845. Entcrin- the Ttli Iiir, he served with distinction in niu-i ol ilif liairlis of the Mex. war ; brev. 1st liui t a ( i i m ( ;,m- do, 18 Apr. 1847 ; capt. 3d Inf., C. Dvr. ls,-,S; served in defence of Ft. Pickens, Fla., Apr.- June, 1861 ; maj. 12th luf, 14 May, 1S61 ; wounded at siege of Yorktown, Va. ; woumlcd, and made prisoner, at thebattleof Gaincs'sMill, Va., 27 June, 1862, and brev. lieut.-col. ; com. cadets, and instr. tactics, 23 Oct. 1862, to 4 July, 1864; lieut.-col. 6th Inf , 4 Nov. 1863; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. for gallant and dist. 199 services in the fieKl. 13 Mar. 1865, Col. 10th. Xiif. 22 Feb. 1869.— Cullum. Glitz, John M. B., capt. U. S. N, b. N.Y., Dec. 1, 1820. Miilshipman, Auij. 12, 1837; lieut. Apr. 6, 1851 ; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866. Attached to bomb lirig " Hecbi " at capture of Vein Cruz and Tuspan, 1847; com. steamer " Penobscot," \.A. block, squad., 1863 ; steam-sloop" Juniata," East Gulf squad., 1863 ; steamer " Osceola," N. A. block squad., 186-1-5, in both attacks on Fort Fisher; com. "Pawnee," S. A. squad., 1868-9. — Hamerslij. Clowes, Rev. Timothy, LL.D. : d. Hemp- stead, L.I., June 16, 18+7, a. 60. Col. Coll. 18U8. In 1821, he was principal of Erasmus Hall. In 1 823, he was chosen pres. of Wash- ington Cull., Md., and rector of the church in Chestertown and St. Paul's, Kent Co. From 1828 to the fall of 1832, lie presided over the Clinton Liberal Institute, Oneida Co. He expelled as a mathematician. Cluseret (klu'-zeb-ia'), GusTAVE Paul, bri^.-gen. vols., b. Paris, France, June 13, 1823. He received a good education. Entering the military school of St. Cyr in 1841, in 1843 ho became sub.-lieut. in a regt. com. by his father. For4 years, he taught fortification, topography, tactics, and strategy. During the revol. of June, he com. a column in the Rue St. Jacques under Gen. Dumesne, and was wounded. In July, he was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honor. He was retired from active service in Jan. 1849, and soon after put on half-pay by Pres. Louis Napoleon on account of his re- publican opinions. He then opened a painter's studio, but, after 2 years, ivtiiriied to the service as lioui. Ill' . ' ■■■ .■ . .J ■ ' ri Algeria. Here he pain ■ I i , i .: i- , and was en- gaged III ; : I . ; ': ' ijVo Hisloriijue c/ GV., ;,,/_'' ,1 -'. /M',, I..' Ill 1854, hewas ordered to the Crimea, where he was twice wounded, and was promoted to capt. at the Maiuelon Vert. He returned to Francein 1856; joined the exped against the Kabyles in 1857 ; on the outbreak in Italy, joined the staff of Garibaldi, with the rank of major in the Italian army ; and was soon afterward placed in com. of the French legion. Wounded at thesiegeof Capua, he received, two davs after, the brev. of col. (Nov. 1, 1860). He' arrived at Wash- ington in Jan. 1862 ; was app. aide-de-camp to Gen. McTI. •11:111, wiih rank nf col., and was soon iiti.r 1-1 -li. I 1 . 1 . 1. I .. in.int, who placed him in I II i i ; . . i jniiril. He was intliclii: ,->.:.-,. .:,,_, I l,>i ; iMinburg, and Cros5 Kt-,c.^, .luil, 1..1 III, j;..ll.iiitiy in the latter battle, was made brig.-geu. of vols. Oct. 14. Resigned, iWar. 2, 18C3. A leader of the Paris Communists in the spring of 1871, and minis, of war. Clymer, George, signer of the Declara- tion of Independence, b. Phila., 1739 ; d. Mor- risville, Bucks Co., Pa., Jan. 23, 1813. His father emigrated from Bristol, Eng., to Pbila., and left him an orphan at the age of 7. His maternal uncle, Wm. Coleman, educated him, took him in to biscounting-roora, and eventually left him the bulk of his fortune. At the tea- meeting in Pbila., Oct. 16, 1773, hewas app. chairman of the committee to request the tci- agents to resign. He was also a member of the council of safety. July 20, 1775, hewas app. joint treasurer of the State with Michael Hillegas, and converted all his specie into Continental currency, besides subscribing lib- erally to the loan. July 20, 1776, ho was delegated to Congress. Sept. 1776, he was sent with Stockton to confer with Washington on the affairs of tlicarmv; and when, in Dec, Culler- -. II ill. 1 III i; i': ir. Clymer wasone of i! Ill , : III I'hila. to guard thcpi I A _ I lirtod toCongress ini;;: 111- iim-. a ,-,„„-, .|->vdbytheBritish after tlie battle of LSran.lywine. Dee. 7, 1778, he was a commissioner to treat with the Indians at Fort Pitt; in 1780 was a third time elected to Congress ; in Nov. 1780 was deputed, with John Nixon, to organize the B.ank of North America, and in 1782 wasas.soc. with Rutledge in his mission to the Southern States. Re- moving to Princeton at the close of the war, he was in 1784 elected to the Pa. legisl., where he aided in modifying the criminal code. He was a member of the convention that framed the Federal Cmi-titiitiun, and in Nov. 1788 was elected to the III-: I s Imh-icvs. In 1791, he was app. colli i , , , na spirits, which, in Pa., led til I -. Resigning tbis officc.he w,i-. :i M - I- I'ukens and Haw- kiu-.:i:i|i III _ It. a treaty with the Creeks anil I i-uinmated June 29, 1796, wh-ii ... 1 1 -nil public affairs. Besides otlitr III :i: ii i- :■ indebted to him were the Pa. Agncultmal .Society, of which he was vice- pres., the Acad, of' Fine Arts, and the Pa. Bank, of both which he was pres. Cobb, David, Revol. soldier and legislator, b. Attleborougb.Ms., 14Sept. 1748; d. 17 Apr. 1830. H. U. 1766. Many years a practising physician ; sec. of the Bristol Co. convention of 1 774, and member of the Prov. Congress iu 1775. Lieut.-col. of H Jackson's regt. in 1777-8, serving in N. J. and R. I., and several years a member of Washington's milit. family. Afterwards maj.-gen. of militia; judge of C. C. P. : M. C. 1793-5 ; member of the Ms. senate and house, and some time pres. and speaker ; member of the exec, council, and lient.-gov. 1809. While a resident of Me. (1796-1820), he was chief-justice of C. C- P., maj.-gen. 10th milit. div., and, during the War of 1812, was on the board of milit. defence. Cobb, lb. of tin- Mil Afti 1 I. _ : .|iinnticeshipto aprinter, ho en^.i_ 1::. i ., Ill Perry, Houston Co., till, in Is^r, liu u.i.. .iiiia. to the bar. In 1830, he was a State senator ; soon after established the Cherokee Gazette. In 1845, he pub. a work on legal forms, and soon after compiled the (jenal code of the State. He has written much for the press, and is the author of a curious work on the African race. Cobb, Howell, statcsm.an, b. Cherry Hill, Jefferson Co., Ga., Sept. 7, 1815 ; d. N. Y. Citv, Oct. 9, 1868. Franklin Coll., Athens, 18.3'4. Adm. to the bar in 1836; solicitor-gen. of the western circuit of Ga. in 1837-41, and built up an extensive and lucrative practice ; M. C. 1843-51 ; speaker of the 31st Congress; gov. of Ga., 1851-3; again M. C. 1856-7 ; sec. of the treasury under Buchanan, 1857-60. Zeal- 200 COB ous in the secession movement, he was a dele- gate to the Montgomery Congress, and chosen its pres. Feb. 4, 1861. Made a brig., and then a maj.-gen., but did not di^ti^u'• hiuLself in the field. At the close ..I i1m ":n. I |,p„sed all the measures for ri-ri HI Ii ( 'uiigress, he disting. himself U\ ii ■ ■ v with the rules of the ho.use, hi^ i.i.i :i^ .i 'hliiitcr, his vehement professions cit love lor the Union, and his equally earnest advocacy of State rights. His iMiperionsness, and his bold championship of shivuiy, made him the leader of the South- ern party in the house. He demanded the ex- tension of shivery into Cal. and New Mexico, and advocated the compromise measures of 1850. — Sec Memorial Vol., ed. hy Sand. Boykln, P/iiln.. 1869. Cobb, Joseph Beckuam, politician and autlior, son of Thos. W., b. Oglethorpe Co., Ga., Apr. 11, 1819; d. Columbus Ga., Sept. 15, 18.)8. Educated at Wilmington, N.C.,and at Fr.uiklin Coll., Ga. He removed in 1838 to NoxuKce Co., Mpi. In 1851, he was elected by the Whigs to the State convention ; was sub- sequently, for some years, a member nf tin; State senate, and in 1853 an "American " can- didate for Congress. Authorof'The Cicul ," a novel, 1848; "Sketches," 8vo, 1851 ; and " Leisure Hours," 1858; and a contrib. to Pe- terson's Nalinual Man. and to the Amer. Beo. Cobb, Nathaniel R., a philanthropic mer- chant of Boston, b. Fahnouth, Me., Nov. 3, 1798 ; d. Boston, 22 May, 1834. Cobb, SvLVANUS, D'.D., Universalist min- ister, b. Norway, Me., July, 1799; d. E. Bos- ton, Oct. 31, 1866. In 1828, he was settled at Maiden and Waltham, Ms.; was the author of a " Commentary on the New Testament," " Compend of Divinity," " Discussions," and some other works, and edited the Christian Freeman more than 20 years. His son Stl- VANDS, b. Waterville, Me., 1823, is a popular writer of novelettes. He was editor and pub. of a paper calleil Thf Urrluihit,' : edited the New- Enqhind ll'w, -, - . ., j,, an.l was a principal cotitrib. to ', I •null. Flag of our C/mon, and III .\ ) / - He pub. " The Autobio^. or Ul,. b;, !\.uius Cobb," with a memoir, in 1867. Cobb, Capt. Thomas, b. Buckindiam Co., Va.; d. Columbia Co., Ga., Oct. 1832, a. 110. He took a patriotic part in the Revol. strug- gle; was often associated in the councils of the times ; held offices under the State govt, until his removal to Ga., ab. 1783, and effi- ciently managed his plantation for 80 or 90 years. — N. E. Mag., iii., 520. Cobb, Thomas R. R., lawyer, b. Jefferson Co., Ga., 1820; killed at the battle of Freder- icksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 U. of Ga. 1841. Bro. of Howell. Adm. to the bar, he was re- porier of the Supreme Court of Ga. from 1849 to 1857. In 1851, he pub. a new digest of the laws of Ga., and in 1858 an " Inquiry into the Laws of Negro Slavery." He was a trus- tee of the university, was active in the cause of education in Ga., and had a high reputation and large practice as a lawyer. An able and eloquent member of the Confederate Congress, in which ho served as chairman of military affairs ; afterward a gen. in the rebel army. Cobb, Thomas W., statesman, b. Colum- bia Co., Ga., 1784 ; d. Greenesborough, Feb. 1, 1830. After studying law in the office of Wm. H. Crawford, he settled at Lexington, Ga.,and disting himself at the bar. M. C. from 1817 to 1821 and 1823-4 ; U. S. senator from 1824 to 1828 ; judge of the Superior Court from 1828 till his d. He wrote excellent poliiical essays, and was an eloquent and argumenta- tive debater, prominent in the discussion in 1819 of the Mo. question. Cobbett, Tho.mas, clergyman and author, b. Nowburv, Eng., 1608 ; d. Ipswich, Ms., Nov. 5, 16S'5. He studied at Oxford, but left on account of the plague, and became a pupil of Dr. Twiss. Persecuted for nonconformity, he came to Ms. in 1637 with Davenport, and was colleague to his old frienil, Mr. Whiting of Lynn, until, in 1656, he boi-ame |)astor of the First Church in Ipswich, where he remained till his death. During his ministry, there was a powerful and extensive revival in that town. He was remarkable for the lixqueney of his prayers, and his assurance of their efficacy. Ill' pull, in HU5 a work on infant baptism; ■■ riir Civil Magistrate's Power in Matters of IMiji'.n. Ir.ilv debated," &c., 1653; "A PiM. tiral Hi-iourse of Prayer," 8vo, 1654; " On the Honor due from Children to their Parents," 1656, "Narrative of New Eng- land's Deliverances" (in N.E. H. and G. Reg., vol. vii.). Cobbett, William, political writer, b. Farnham, Surrey, Eng., 9 Mar. 1762; d. 17 June, 1835. He was a farmer's son, and was self-educated. After a clerkship of some months to an atty. in London, he, ab. 1784, enlisted in the army, in which, by good conduct, he rose to the grade of sergt -in.ij. After 5 years' service in Nova Scotia, he returned to Eng. in 1791, obtained his discharge, m., and in 1792 settled as a bookseller in Phila. There he issued Petn- Porcupine's Gazette, a Federalist paper, assailing with great piiwer. and eoarse- Revol.;'pub." his " Observaiiuns." an.l mher political tracts, and was fineil f.'i.uon La a libel on Dr. Rush. Returning to Eng. in lb;i,i;>, he began a daily paper called Tlie Porrupinr, hut in 1802 established his famous Politirnl Regis- ler, at first a Tory paper, afterward in opposi- tion to Pitt and the 'Tories, and discontinued in 1835. For his libels or satires on members of the govt., he was several times heavily fined, and in 1810 was imprisoned for two years. The passage of the famous " Six Act Bill " caused him to emig. again to the US. ; and his Registers -were dated from Long Island, from 1817to his return in Dec. 1819, on which occasion he took to Eng. the bones of Thos. Paine. Again tried for libel in 1831, he de- fended himself with such ability, that he was acquitted. After two unsuccessful attempts to enter parliament for Oldham, he was returned in 1832, and again in 1834. Besides his politi- cal writings, he was the author of many use- ful and popular hooks. He was master of a vigorous Saxon-English style, unrivalled for sarcasm and common sense; and possessed great powers of observation and descrintion. Among his works are " Advice to Young 201 coc Men," " Cottage Economy," " Grammars of the English and French Languages," " A Year's Resklence in America," " History of the Refor- mation," "Rural Rides," " Emigrant's Guide," 20 vols, of " Parliamentary Debates," " Letters on the Late War between Eng. and the U.S.," 1815, and "Pride of Brittania Humbled," 1815; "Life of Andrew Jackson," 1834; "Life of Peter Porcupine," 1796; "Porcu- pine's Works," 12 vols., 8vo, 1801. — See Life of Cobbctt, Pltila., 1831 ; UaziiU's Misc. iVorh, vol. V. Cobbs, Nicholas Hamner, D.I)., Pr.-Ep. bishop of Ala., b. Medford Co., Va., Feb. 1 796 ; d. Jan. 11, 1861. He tauglit a classical school some years; was ord. deacon in 182+ ; jiriest in 1825; then labored 14 vi;ii< in his naiive counly, aii.l 4 years in I\nrsliin-, \':i.; ihen took charge of "St. Paul's (Jliiinli, ('in.iiinati, O.; and Wiis consec. bijho|i, Oct. M, 1844, at Phila. Cochrane, Sir Alex. Fobester Inglis, an Eng. adm. (1758-1832). Disting. in the wars with Amer. and France, especially for an unequal combat with five French vessels in Chesapeake Bay. Com. the British fleet on the Amer. station in the War of 1812-15, and assisted the land-forces in the attack on N. Orleans. Made adm. of the Blue in 1819. Coehran, James, inventor of the art of makiri- cut nails, b. 1763^ Batavia, Genesee Co., N.Y. ; d. Dec. 31, 1846. He was a brass- founder; and to his shop, while he lived in Phila., Franklin paid frequent visits. In ad- dition to the above invention, he claimed to have manuf. the first cents in this country. Cochran, John, M. D., i)liysician and surgeon-gen. of the Revol. army, b. Chester Co., Pa., Sept. 1, 1730; d. Palatine, Mont- gomcrv ('(1 , Apr. 0.1807. Educated at the scho.^ln; III I < I, I- .\llison,audhadfinished his ni > in the war with France brok " ,; I , I . - 111 tiring the army as sur- geon's mii-. Ii ■ .|iii[ir(l the service at the close of the WAV, with the character of an able and experienced practitioner, and, settling in Alba- ny, m. Gertrude, sister of Gen. Schuyler. He soon removed to New Brunswick, N.J., and, late in 1776, offered his services as a vol in the hospital dcpt. At the warm recommendation of Washington, he was app. Apr. 10, 1777, physician and surgeon-gen. in the middle dcpt., and in Oct. 1781, Congress app. him director- gen, of the hospitals of the U.S. His experi- ence in the British service enabled him to make great improvements in the hospitals. Soon alter the peace, he removed his family to N.Y., and, on the adoption of the Federal Con- stitution, Washington made him comniis. of loans for N.Y. — Tliaclier. Cochrane, John, brig.-gen vols., b. Pala- tine, Montgomery Co., N.Y., Aug. 27, 1813. Ham. Coll. 1831. Adm to the bar, he prac- tised law some years in the Valley of the Mo- hawk ; removed to N.Y. City in 1846 ; became a leader of that branch of the Democ. party popularly called " Barnburners," and, during the adm"inistration of Prcs. Pierce (1853-7), was survcvor of the port of NY. M.C. from 1856 to 1862. Mar. 1861, he visited Richmond to confer with the Union members of the Va. convention, and in Aug. took the field as col. 1st US. (vol.) Chasseurs, which he com. at Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, and other battles of the Chickahominy campaign. Brig.-gen. of vols. 17 July, 1862, he was assigned a brigade in Couch's division of the Potomac Army. He was with the reserve at the battle of Antietara, and afterward pursued the retreating enemy. Resigned Feb. 25, 1863. Nominated in 1864 vice-pres. on the ticket with Fremont. Atty.- gen. N.Y., 1865. Cock, Thomas, M.D., physician and med- ical author, b. Glen Cove, L. I., 1802 ; d. N.Y., June 14, 1869. He studied in the office of Dr. Seenian, with whom he was afterward partner. During the yeilow-lcvcr epidemic of 1822, he was indetaligahle in his efforts to overcome the disease, as also during the cholera of 1832. He had been pres. of the Acad, of Medicine ofN.Y., prof, and subsequently pres., of the Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, and was many years attending and consulting physiciaa of tlie N.Y. hospital. Long an active member, and at his death vice-pres., of the American Bible Society. Cockburn (ko'-bum). Sir George, an English adm., b. Lond., 1771 ; d. Aug. 1853. He entered the navy in 1783, became a post- captain in 1795, and, after disting. himself on many occasions, became, in 1812, a rear-ad m. In the early part of 1813, he com. " The Marl- borough " 74, on the N. Amer. station, and suc- cessfully attacked various towns, and reposito- ries of stores, on the banks of the rivers at the head of Chesapeake Bay. June 26, 1813, he assisted in taking the camp and fortified works at Hampton. In the following month, he ob tained possession of two islands in N.C., and captured two small vessels of war. In the be- ginning of Aug. 1814, he accomp. the exped. which succeeded in taking the city of Wash- ington, and which iiad, it is said, been suggest- ed by himself to the commanders, Gen. Ross and Adm. Cochrane. Ho was employed in the unsuccessful attempt on Balliniorc, in Sept. 1814. In Jan. 1815, he was made a KB ; on the 12th of Aug. 1819, a viceadm., and on the 5th of April, 1821, maj.-gen. of marines. Cocke, John, gen.,b. Brunswick, Nottaway Co., Va., 1772; d. Granger Co., Tenn., Feb. 16, 1854. Wm. his father participated in the civil, legislative, and military service of Va. ; removed to Tenn., and became a gen. of mili- tia; State legist. 1813; judge Circuit Court ; U S. senator, 1796-7 and 1799-1805 ; app. in 1814 agent for the Chickasaw Indians. In early life John emigrated to Tenn., adopted the profession of the law, became a member of the first legisl. iu 1796, was speaker of the house for ny years, was subsequ 1819 to 1S27. He was maj.-gen. Tenn. vols., Sept. 25, 1813, in service against the Creeks. Col. Tenn. regt. Nov. 14, under Gtn. Jackson, at New Orleans. — Gardner. Cocke, John H., brig.-gen. War of 1812 ; d. at his residence, Fluvanna Co., Va., July 1, 1866, a. 85. Cocke, Philip St. George, gen. C.S.A. b. Virginia, 1808; shot himself at his resi- dence in Powhatan Co., Va., Dec. 26, 1861. 202 West Point, 1832. Entnius tli>' i.l art., he was adj. in 1833-4; re>i,jii..l. A;.!;!, Kii. iind was miulu a brig.-gcn. ('Muh-I, m m . r;nlv in 1861, ami tO(ik part in ihr lir-i \unir ..C ISiill Eun, com. the 5tli brigade. Afier a rampal^in of 8 monlhs, he returned to his home shattered both in inlnd and body, ami in a paroxysm of insanity put an end to his life. President Va. Agric. Soe. 1853-6. Author of " Plantation and Farm Instruction," 1852. Codazzi (Ico-dat'-sce), AoosTiNO, an Ital- ian engineer, b. near I'errara, 1792. He made sever.ii . :[iii|i:u jn, ler Napoleon, and after- wanl^ -; ,j I ii if as an engineer in S. Aniiiii I In: the Columbian service as lieut.-r.l. ni ;ii I , lie uas employed in making charts, and in preparing plans of defence. In 1831-40, he prepared charts of Venezuela, and was rewarded with the rank of col. In 1838- 9, he explored the interior of Guiana, pene- trated nearly to the sources of the Orinoco; and the valuable results of bis labors, "Oeo- graphia de Venezuela," appeared in Paris in 1841,aecomp. by an extensive chart of Venezu- ela Codazzi afterwards established a German colony in Venezuela. In 1848, he was em- ployed by the govt, of New Granada upon a topographical survey. Codding, Ichahod, Presb. clergyman, and an eloquent antislavery lecturer, b. Bristol, N.Y., 1811 ; d. Baraboo, Wis., 17 Jnne, 1866. He studied at Middleb. Coll., lectured for the Amer. Antislavery Society in 1837-42 ; entered the ministry, and was successively pastor at Princeton, Loekport. Joliet, Baraboo, and Bloomington, III. His addresses were marked by great eloquence and fervor. Coddington, William, founder of R.I., b. Lincolnshire, Eng., 1601 ; d. Nov. 1, 1678. In 1630, he came in "The Arabella" to Salem, a magistrate of Ms., app. by the crown. Por some years, he was a merchant in Boston. In 1636, when Winthrop succeeded Vane as gov., Coddington's name was dropped from the roll ; but the freemen, on the following day, sent him and Vane as deputies to the court. He defend- ed Anne Hutchinson against Winthrop and his party, and opposed, though unsuccessfully, the proceedings against Wheelwright, but finally, with 18 others, removed, Apr. 26, 1638, to the Island of Aquidneck, now R.I. Cod- dington was elected judge, with a council of 3 elders, who were enjoined by a vote of the freemen to be " guided by God's laws." Mar. 12, 1640, Coddington was elected gov.; contin- ued 7 years in office, until a charter was ob- tained, and the island incorporated with the Providence plantations. Having made a voy- age to Eng. in 1651, he returned with a com- mission as gov. of Aquidneck Island, bnt he soon resigned. He was again gov. in 1674-5. After his settlement in U.I., he adopted the tenets of the Quakers. He was earnest for liberty of conscience. Au;hor of "A Demon- stration of True Love unto you the Rulers of the Colonv of Ms.," 4to, 1674. Codman, .loiix, D.D. (H. U. 1840), min- ister 2d t'h., Dorchester, from Dec. 7, 1808, to liis d., Dee. 23, 1847 ; b. Boston, Aug. 3, 1782. H.U. 1802. Son of John, a Boston merchant. Ue studied at Cambridge and at Edinburgh, and preached in the SwaI!ow-st. Church, Lond., in 1808. He was a benefactor of the Iheol. seminaries of Princeton and Andover. A Memoir by Dr. Allen, with 6 sermons, was pub., 8vo, 1853; sermons on various occa- sions, 1834; narrative of a visit to Eng., 1836, and many separate sermons. — Allen. Coffee, John, gen., b. Nottaway Co., Va., 1772; d. near Florence, Ala., July 7, 1833. In 1804, hoeng.iged in business with Andrew Jackson, near Nashville, Tenn., but in 1807 resumed his old occupation of surveying. ICviT liir ^t|■|.llL; |nT-.c)ii;il IVieiid of Jackson, he s: -■.,>! I i 1,1111 111 III, ,,ili .ly with tlie Ben tons in S.|.i 1 i; (ill ni I'liin. vols, under Jack- son, I) 11 , isij ti. y\|ir. isl,!; brig.-gen. Tenn. mounted gunmen, Sept. 24, 1813; com. de- tachment engaged with Creek Indians at Tal- lahatchie, Nov. 3, 1813; badly wonndcd in battle under Gen. Jackson, with Creek Indians at Emuefau, Jan. 22, 1814 ; in attack on Pen- sacola, Nov. 1814; disting. in defence of N. Orleans in battles of Dec. 23, 1814, and Jan. 8, 1815; in service to June, 1815. US. survey- or of public lands, March, 1817. His son An- drew J. served as extra aide-de-camp to Gen. Taylor at Buena Vista, and was brev. lieut.- col. for his gallant and meritorious conduct, Feb. 23, 1847. Coffin, Chakles.D.D. (Wms.Coll. 1808), Presb. clergvman, b. Newbnryport, Ms., Aug. 15, 1775; (i. Greenville, E. Tenn., June 12, 1853. II.U. 1793. Son of Dr. Charles. Li- censed to ])reach by the Essex Middle Assoc., May 14, 1799. Pres. of Greenville Coll , Tenn., 1810-27, and of Knoxville Coll. 1827-33. He passed the last 50 years of his life in Tenn. — Spraqne. Coffin, Slit Isaac, a British ndm., b. Bos- ton, 16 May, 1759; d. Cheltenham, Eng., 23 July, 1839. Son of Nathaniel, collector of the customs, and a loyalist, by Elizabeth, dau. of Henry Barnes of Boston. Educated in the Boston schools ; entered the British navy in 1773; became a lieut. in 1778; was actively em- ployed on the Amer. coast; was made com- mander in July, 1781; acted as signal-officer to Adm. Arljuthnot in the action off Cape Henry, 16 March, 1781, and served as a vol. in the action between Rodney and DeGrasse in 1782. Post-capt. 1790; rear-adm. of the Blue, 23 Apr. 1804; baronet, i;i Mnv, IPiU ; vice-adm. April, 1808; June 4, I'll, aim nf the Blue, and, on the death of ( , ni. l \ , nl,,,. of the White. M. P. 18K\ 1.1,4 amiiii ,11 1S.'6. He ever retained a strun- reuaid lui his native land, and in 1826, while visiting Nantucket, where many of his kindred resided, authorized the purchase of a building for the " Coffin School," for the support of which he after- wards invested a fund of £2,500. Coffin, John, a British gen., bro. of Sir Isaac, b. Boston, 1751 ; d. St. John's Co., N. Brunswick, 12 May, 1838. Jle accomp. the British troops in the action at Bunker's Hill; rose to the rank of capt. of the N.Y. vols. ; disting. himself at the siege of S.ivannab, the battle of Hobkirk's Hill, the action of Cross Creek, near Charleston, S.C, and especially at the battle of Eutaw, 8 Sept. 1781, where he exacted even the admiration of Greene in his COF 203 despatches to Congress, and was at once maile major of the King's Amer. regt. At the close of the war, lie settled in N. Brunswick ; became a col. in the army in 1797; miij -gen. 1803; lieut.-gen. 1809; gen. 1819. In 1783, he was wounded in a duel with Col. Campbell ; mem- ber of the N. B. Assembly, chii f magistrate of ng's County, aember of the council, ng to private lite in 1 828. His wife Ann, dau. of Will. Mathews of S. C, d. Bath, in Apr. 1839, a. 76. Coffin, Josa0.4., genealogist and antiqua- ry, b. Newbury, M-i., Oct. 12, 1792; d. there June 24, 186-1. Dartin. Coll. 1817. Many years a teacher. He pub. "The History of Ancient Newbury," 8vo, 18+5, genealogies of the Woodman, Little, and Toppan families, besides many articles in periodicals. Ho was the schoolmaster of the poet Whittier. Coffin, Nathaniel, M.D., physician, b. Portland, Me., May 3, 1744 ; d. there Oct. 18, 1826. He studied under his father Nathaniel, who was a physician, and at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, Lond., under Hunter, Akenside, and McK'-nzie; and commenced practice at the age of 21. At the death of his father, in 1766, he succeeded to an extensive practice, and in 1769 m. the dau. of Isaac Fos- ter of Charlestown. When Capf. Mowatt, in 1775, prepared to destroy the town, then called Falmouth, Dr. Coffin, with two others, went on board his shij), and endeavored fruitlessly to avert the impending storm. As an ojiera- tive surgeon, ho ranked high. The hon. dcg. of M.D. was conferred on liira by Bowd. Coll., swick. He was I pres. of the Me. Med. Society, and for many years discharged the duties of hospital surgeon for marine pa- tients in his dist. — Tliacker, Coffin, lioi'.ERT .S., printer and poet, b. Bruiisuh. .\1.., irC; d. Rowley, Ms., May 7, lS-'7 II : . iruticcd to a printer in Newlni; , : \\U father had reuioved; W.1S a ~.i . j; iluii I,- t!ij War of 1812, and once a prisoner on board an English frigate, and sub- sequently worked on newspapers in Boston, N.Y"., and Phila., publishing occasional verses. His poems were coll. in a vol. entitled " The Oriental Harp, Poems of the Boston Bard," Boston, 1825. His Lite, written by himself, was pub., 12mo. 1825. Coffin, SirThomas Astox, bart. (19 Mav, 1804), loyalist, b. Boston, Mar. 31, 1754; d. London, May 31, 1310. H.U. 1772. Son of Wm. of Boston, and cousin of Adm. Sir Isaac. At one period of the Revol., he was private sec. to Sir Guy Carleton. He was afterward commiss.-gen in the British army, and in 1804, sec. and comptroller of accounts of Lower Canada. — .VfiWne. Coffin, Timothy Gardnek, lawyer, b. Nan- tucket, Ms., Nov. 1,1788; d. New Bedford, Sept. 19, 1854. BU. 1813. He early en- gaged in a seafaring life, hut, receiving severe injuries from a fall, turned his attention to the 1.1W. Adm. in 1816 to practise at the "Bristol bar, he obtained the foremost rank in the pro- fession, trying his intellectual strength .against such opponents as Webster and Choate. As a Ills;' jirius lawyer, he had few equals. Coggeshall, C.apt. George of Ct., b. 1 784. Pub. " Voyages to Various Parts of the World, 1799-1841," 2 vols., 8vo, 1S51-2; "History of Amer. Privateers," 8vo; "Reli- gions and Miscellaneous Poetry." lie com. two privateers in the War of 1812-15. Cogswell, Key. Jonathax, D.D. (U. of N.Y. 1836), b. 3 Sept. 1782 ; d. N. Brunswick, N.J., 1 Aug. 1864. H.U. 1806. Tutor at Bowd. Coll. ; prof, of eccl. hist., Theol. Inst, of Ct. at East Windsor, 1834-44 ; afterward a resident of N.B. Author of n sermon delivered 24 An-. 1S19, belure the Yoik Co. Assoc, Ainvi.M.v: -'F.i-'.^.-nr-. .-■:ii s,<-o," 12 O.'i, i • :■ , . 1,^ . ■■ ■■ , li r !'. 1,1. 1842; "lli-!>ir'.A '! Ih'.»'i.i.'i ," Ijiih., l^'i'-: "Calvary and Sinai," 8vo, 1852; also discourses, &c. — Aliibone. Cogswell, Joseph Green, LL.D. (H.IT. , , 1863), scholar, b. Ipswich, Ms., Sept. 27, 1786. d. ■'m t<', I*/ H. U. 1806.,^ Proceeding to the East Indies in a merchant-ship, on his return, he studied law with Fisher Ames, and in 1814 was a tutor at Cambridge. In 1816, he went to Europe, studied at Gottingen and other German uni- versities, and travelled on the Continent. From 1820 to 1823, he was librarian, and prof, of mineralogy and geology, at Cambridge, when, with George Bancroft, he founded tiie Round Hill School at Northampton, which he carried on for five years. He afterwards had charge of a similar establishment in Raleigh, N.C., but before 1839 settled in N.Y. City, edited the N.Y. Review, and assisted John Jacob Astor in arranging the plans for the great library which he endowed. He several times visited the pill :|,il lii.iirirs and cities of Europe, coll' ' I : 1 it. He presented to it his own ' 1,1 I tl coll., one of the largest anil fill -1 i 1 ill iinitry. Many years supt. of the Asior Lil.iary. With Mr. Andrew Rit- chie, he purchased in Germany, and presented to H.U., a cabinet of ab. 5,000 minerals, and gave to the Botanic Garden at Cambridge nearly 4,000 choice specimens of dried plants of Central Europe. He has been a contrib. to B:achwooil's Mag., Monthlii Ani/iolof}/, and tlio IV. A. Review. A resident of Cambridge until his death, 26 Nov. 1871. Cogswell, Mason Fitch, M.D., physi- cian, b. Canterbury, Ct., 1761 ; d. Hartford, Dec. 1830. Y.C. 1780. Son of Rev. James. He assisted his bro., Dr. James, a surgeon in the army; established himself in Hartford in 1789, and took high rank, especially as a sur- geon. He was particularly successful in opera- tions forthe cataract, and, in Nov. 1803, was the first in this country to secure the carotid artery by a ligature. He was chiefly instrumental in founding the asylum for the deaf and dumb, and was a friend and supporter of the Retreat for the Insane at Hartford, and was 10 years pres. of the State Med. Soc. His son, of tho same name, also an eminent physician, b. Hartford, Ct., 10 Nov. 1809; d. Albany, 21 Jan. 1865. M. D., Coll. of Phys. and Surg. 1832. — Williams A fed. Biog. Cogswell, Nathaniel, son of Thomas, b. Haverhill, Ms., Jan. 19, 1773; d. Rapids of Red River, La., Aug. 1813. Dartm. Coll. 1794. He began to practise law at Gilmanton, 20-4 1805; removed to Newbury port in 1808, and afterwaid was a gen. iu the Spanish Patriot Cogswell, TuoMAS, soldier and jurist, b. Haveihili, Ms., Aug. 4, 1746; d Gilmanton, Sept. 3, 1810. He was a capt. in Gcrrish's regt. at Bunker's Hill ; niaj. of Vose's regt., ; lieut.-col. l.-)th Ms. re-t., Nov. Feb. 2G, 1 tliii- Sft W; 12. .M , Badger Ruth, dau. of Urn. Josqjl manton. — ///.s-(. Gilnmnton. Cogswell, William, D D. (Wins. Coll. 18-33), ilergvinan and author, b. Atkinson, N. H., June 5, 1787; d. Gilmanton, N. H, Apr. IS, IS.W. Dartm. Coll. 1811. The son of a ph\>iciun of Atkinson. From Apr. 26, 1815, to Dee. 15, 1829, he was pastor of the South Church in Dedham ; was in 1829 app. gen. agent of the Amer. Education Society, its 1832; pn of hist. 1841, and in 1844 was elected pres. of the Gilinantni, I l,r,l s n, , ;inil prof, of thcoIoL'V. Dr. (■.._ I Idrs dis- courses, " A .Manual oi I ., li>vniion," "Christian Pliilautlirn,„.t, ' ■ Ih ..;. Class- Book," "Letters to Young Men |iivparing for the Ministry," " Occasional Sermons," " Re- ports of the Amer. Education Society," and " Reports of the Northern Acad, of Arts and Sciences." He edited the N. II. Repository, the N.E. H. and G. Reglsler, for 1847, and the Amer. Qiiaiterli/ Rei/ister. Member of many literary societies. — Alumni Dartm. Coll. Coit, Thomas Winthrop, D D.(Co1. Coll. 18.34), LL.D. (Trin. Coll. 1853), b. N. London, Ct., June 28, 1803. Y. C. 1821. Pres. Transvl. U. Prof Trinity Coll. 1849. Has pub. " Thcol. Common])lace Book," 1832-57 ; " Remarks on Norton's Statement of Reasons," 8vo, 1S33; "Paragraph" Bible, 1834; " Townsend's Chronol. Bible," 2 vols., 8vo, 1837-8; "Puritanism," 12mo, 1844. Con- trib. to Church Revieui, Churchman, &c. — Allihone. Coke, Thomas, D.D., LL.D., one of the first bishops of the M.E. Church, b. Brecon, S. Wales, Sept. 9, 1747 ; d. at sea, May 2, 1814. He was educated at O.xford, and at 23 became inavor of bis native town, hnt tni.k nrdfrs, and obtained a curacy at I'^r',. ,:.,„ \1 iLmg the acquaintance of \Vi-l., ,i:: , , ,.:iicdthe Methodists ; became i.i I : . .,, : . :\u: Lond. dist.,and pres.of the In ,!, cu.ilcivnc.j lu 1782. Ord. by Wesley as lli^bop of the church in Ainer., he arrived in N. Y. in 1 784, and, on Dec. 27, ord. Asburv a bishop, and joint supt. of the church in Amer. Thi'v nrnco.-dcd to-cther to ! ditte 1792-3. 11 in 1803. ,' I, 1790, and Amer. was sley, he was chosen sec. ol lii^ 1.h-ii~ conjunction with Jlr. Moore ami Dr. White- head, pub. in 1792 a Life of Wesley. In a voyage to Amer. in 1797, the vessel ho was in was taken by a privateer, and he was most cru- elly treated, being plundered of every tiling' but his hooks. He completed his Commentarv on the Bible in 1807. In 1803, he established a mission in Gibraltar. From this time until 1808, he was engaged in travelling to various parts in aid of the missionary cause. Through his influence, a mission was established in 1811, at Slrrra Leone, and missionaries sent out. De- I'liiiiiiing in 1813 10 establish a mission at I . \ In. such was his zeal, that, when the con- Invme hesitated on account of the expense, he furnished the money from his own private purse. The missionaries embarked Dec. 30 ; and, after having been out 4 months, be was found dead in his cabin. Besides his Commen- tary, he wrote " A History of the W. Indies," " History of the Bible," " Six Letters in De- fenceof iho Doctrine of Justification by Faith," "Four Discourses on the Duties of a Minis- ter," "Preacher's Manual," 12mo. He ren- dered valuable assistance to Wesley in procur- ing what was called the deed of declaration, providing for the settlement,.of the Methodist Chapels in the connection, and restricted the conference to 100 of the preachers, and their successors, forever. — See Memoir by Samuel Drew, 1853. Colborne, Sir John, Lord Seatos, a British gen., b. 1779 ; d. 1863. He entered the army an ensign, in 1794; served in Hol- land, Egypt, and Italy ; was in the battle of Maida in 1806; was military sec. to Sir John Moore, and fought at Corunna; served un- der Wellington in Spain and at Waterloo. He received several orders of knighthood for his brilliant services; became lient.-gov. of Guernsey; maj.-gen. in 1825; lieut-gen. 1838; gen. 1854, and in 1860 field-marshal. In 1829, he became lieut. gov. of U. Canada. lie found a strong relinin |>uit\ . \\ Imi li h iirmlv repressed. In 183.'), !).■ suii ,: -. d arecall,butaslie was all in. i.. : , ;«, wasapp com.-in-cliici nf tlnlii'^ m (nii la. Ho returned to Quebec, and took cffi. lent and prompt measures to check the rebellion then )ireparing, and, on its breaking-out, took the field in person, in several cnja.icments. and completely routed and disroiiiiir. .1 \\y.- m^nr- gents. He was twice tempoi I _ : .if British N. Amer., and rendc. ' .: : ■ ls to that country. In 1839, he rLiui in il to i:n,' , where his great services were requited with the barony of Seaton, the post of privy -counc-illor, and a pension of £2,000 per annum. He was afterward com. in Ireland. — Mor;an. Colburn, Warren, matliematirian, b. Dedham, Ms., Mar. 1, 1793; d. Lowell, Sept. 15, 18.33. H. U. 1820. The son of poor parents, he worked iu factories, hut studied inatht'niatics, and acquired the trade of a iiiar!iiiii>t. Heopened a select school in Boston in 1S2I, and pub. " First Lessons in Intellectual Ariihnietic." It had an extraordinary sale of more than 2,000,000, and has been translated into most of the languages of Europe, and into several of the languages of Asia. In April, 1823, he was app. supt. of the Boston Manuf. Co. at Waltham, and, Aug. 1824, of the Mer- rimack Co. of Lowell. Many important im- provements in the machinery of our manuf. 205 COT^ establishments are the fruits of his scientific researches and ingenuity. In 1825, he delivered a course of lectures on the natural history of animals, followed, in subsequent years, with lectures on light, the eye, the seasons, electricity, hydraulics, astronomy, &c. His "Sequel" was pub. in 1824; his " Algebra," 1828. Mem- ber of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. Colburn, Zerau, mathemaiical prodigv, b. Cabot, Vt., 1 Sept. 1804 ; d. Norwich, Vt., 2 Mar. 18.39. At 8, he be^an to show his pre- cocity in computation, and was exhibited by his father in Vt., N.H., and Ms., visiting Boston in Nov. 1810, where the boy excited great interest, as well as at the South, and in Eng., where ho went in May, 1812. The Earl of Bristol placed him at school ; but his father took him out in 1819. He studied, unsuccess- fully, for the stage ; then taught school ; re- turned to the U.S. on the death of his lather in 1824 ; was ord. in the Mctli. Church in 1825, and labored as an itinerant, until, in 1835, app. prof, of languages ami literature in the infant U. at Norwich. He lost his wonderful talent some time before leaving Eng. Among his mental operations was giving the number or seconds from the commencement of the Christ. Era, tlie square root of 106,929 (given before the number could be written down), and the cube root of 268,336,125, given with equal facility and promptness. Through practice, he increased his powers of computation. His processes did not diflFer from those in ordinary use, excepting in finding the square root of large numbers, for which he had invented a method. — See Colburn's AiUobiofj., 1833. Colburn, Zbrah, engineer, b. Saratoga, N.Y., 1832 ; d. by his own hand, 4 May, 1870, in a country town in Ms. He was named for his uncle, "the celebrated arithmetician. In his boyhood, he worked on a farm. At 15, he entered the Lowell machine-shop, Boston, and afterwards became supt. of the locomotive works of Mr. Souther, and of those at Patter- son, N.J. Heconnected himself with the Rail- road Journal; pub. the Railroad Advoaite in N.Y. in 1854-5 ; and in 1858, with Mr. Holley, visited, and made a valuable report on, the rail- ways of Europe, which was pub. with many illustrations. For some years, he edited the London Engineer, and, from 1866 until a few weeks before his death, pub. there his scientific journal, Engineerinq. lie received medals from the Institution of Civil Engineers for his papers on " Iron Bridges," and on " Amer. Locomo- tives and Rolling Stock," and was a first-rate authority on these subjects, and on general mechanical engineering. Overwork and irregu- larity caused him to become partially insane. He came to the U.S. in April, avoided all his old friends, and, straying aw.iy, committed suicide. Ho pub. " Tlie Locomo'tive Engine," Boston, 1851. Golden , Cvd w a lladeb, physician , au thor, and politician, b. Dunse, Scotland, Feb. 17, 1688; d. at his seat on Long Island, Sept. 28, 1776. U. of Edinburgh, 1705. Son of Rev. Alex. Golden. He devoted himself to medicine and mathematics, in which he made great pro- ficiency. Emigrating to Pa. in 1708, he prac- tised physic a few years, and in 1715 returned to Eng., where he acquired considerable repu- tation by a work on " Animal Secretions." After visiting Scotland, hocanie again to Amer. in 1716; settled a second time in Pa , but, in 1718, removed to N.Y. at the request of Gov. Hunter. The next year, he was app. the first surveyor-gen. of the Colony, and also master in chancery. In 1720, he obtained a seat in the king's council under Gov. Burnet. Ab. 1755, he took up his residence on a tract of land about 9 miles from Newburgh, on the Hudson, for which he had received a patent, and whore he was exposed to the attacks of the Indians. Succeeding to the presidency of the council, he administered the govt, in 1760. In 1761, he was app. lieut.-gov. of N.Y., which station he occupied during the remainder of his life ; being repeatedly placed at the head of nff.iirs by the absence or death of several govs. During one of-these periods, the paper intended for distribution in N. Y., under the Stamp Act, arrived, and was put under his care in Fort George. The populace burned him in effigy, and destroyed his carriage in his sight. After the return o'f Gov. Tryou in 1775, he retired to a seat on Long Island. Besides some medical treatises, ho is the author of a " History of the Five Indian Nations of Canada," 1727, 3d ed., Lond., 1755. Coldcn took a great interest in the study of botany, and first introduced the Linntean system in America a few months after its publication in Europe. His description of 300 or 400 Amer. plants was printed in the Acta Upsaliensa. From 1710 to 1776, he corresp actively with the leading scientific men of Europe and Amer. Among his MS. are " Observations on Smith's Hist, or N.Y'." He was a man of great learn- ing and superior talents. Colden, CadwalladerD.wid, lawyer, b. Spring Hill, Flushing, Apr. 4, 17G9 ; d. Jersey City, Feb. 7, 1834. Son of David, who excelled in mathematics and nat. philos., and grandson of Cadwallader. His education, begun in the town of Jamaica, L.I., was completed in Lon- don. Returning to the U.S. in 1785, he stud- ied law ; commenced practice in N.Y'. in 1791, and in 1793 removed to Poughkoepsie, where he became district atty., and, in a few years, stood at the head of his profession as a com- mercial lawyer. In 1 812, he was col. of a regt. of vols. In 1818, he was elected to the as- sembly, and the same year was mayor of N.Y. City. M.C. 1821-3, and in 1824-7 a member of the State senate. He was, in con- nection with DoWitt Clinton, among thcearliest and most efficient promoters of the system of internal improvements. Upon the completion of the Erie Canal, he pub. a memoir of the subject. He also wrote, in 1817, " TheLifeof Robert Fulton," of whom he was an early and intimate friend. Public education, and the reformation of juvenile offenders, were also subjects to which he devoted much attention. For many years, he was one of the govs, of the N.Y. Hospital. Cole, Joseph Foxceoft, landscape and figure painter of Boston, b. Jay, Me., 9 Nov. 1837. Was a pupil of Lambinet and Charles Jacque, Paris; has painted a large picture owned by the Union Club, " The Ram and COL 206 COL Ewe," "New -England Farm," and "The Shepherdess." Cole, Samuel ; d. Chelsea, Ms., Bee. 3, 18.)1. Author of a valuable work on " Fruits and Fruit-Trces," and other agric. works, and editor of the N. E. Farmer. Cole, Thomas, a celebrated painter, b. Boltou-lc-Moor, Lancashire, Eng., Feb. 1, 1801 ; d. Catskill, N.Y., Feb. 11, 1847. His parents, who had lived here previous to his birth, re- turned to Araer. in 1819, and settled in Phila., where Thomas applied himself to wood-en- graving, amusing his leisure-hours with a flute ; having a passionate fondness for music. In Jan. 1820, he went to St. Eustatia to recruit his health ; and, on his return in May, he joined his father in Steubenville, 0., where he began portrait-painting, ki Feb. 1822, he left home as an itinerant portrait-painter, but, not meet- ing much success, turned his attention to landscape-painting. He returned in Nov. 182-3 to Phila., and met with encouragement. In the spring of 1825, he removed to N.Y., where his family were then established. The scenery of the Hudson calli-d out all his arti.stic en- thusiasm ; ami. dii'in- a viMt to the Catskills in the autumn, lir pmuiril several landscapes, which were rxliil,iu-a ..ii hi, return to the city. This was the turaiu--point in his career. For the next 4 years, commissions flowed in from all quarters. In 1829, he visited Eng., remain- ing about 2 years ; then Paris, and thence to Italy, returning to N.Y. in Oct. 1832. He finallv took up his residence at Catskill, N.Y. His two great works are, " The Course of Em- pire " and " The Voyage of Life ; " the former consisting of 5, and the latter, of 4 pictures, — " Childhood," " Youth," " Manhood," and " Old Age." A second visit to Europe in 1841, to enable him still further to porftct himself by studying the great iiKi-b r-, ir.nli.l in a sequel to "The Voyage of I. i i m absence of less than two ycai-, ll'painted, among other works, " lur ( i>.- lu ili./ Wilder- ness," "L'Allegro," and " il Penseroso," " Home in the Woods," " The Hunter's Return," " The Mountain Ford," &.c. In 1835, he composed a dramatic poem, " The Spirits of the Wilderness," still unpublished. In early life, he wrote for the Phila. Saturdai/ Eveniiir; Post " a tale called " Emma Moreton ; " anil some of his sketches of travel have been pub. in the Literari/ World. A memoir of his life has been pub. by Rev. L. L. Noble, 12mo, 1855. Coleman, John, D.D., Episc. clergyman, b. Baltimore, 1803. Editor of " Faher's Dif- ficulties of Romanism," with Introd. Essay, Phila., 1840 ; of " The Episc. Manual," by Dr. Wilnier, 1841. Contrib. to various religious journals. Editor of the Banner of the Cross, Phila-, with Rev. F. Ogilby. —Alilbone. Coleman, Lvman, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1847), b. Middleficid, Ms., 14 June, 1796. Y. C. 1817. 3 years principal of the Latin School, Hartford; tutor at Yale, 1820-5; pastor of a church at Belchertown, Ms., 7 years ; principal of the Burr Sem., Vt., 5 years; principal of the English depart, at Andover; studied and travelletl a year in Germany ; prof, of German in N. J. Coll. ; prof, of Latin and Greek in Laf. Coll. Has pub. " Antiquities of the Chris- tian Church," trans, from the German, N. Y., 1 846 ; "The Apostolical and Primitive Church," 12mo; "Hist. Geog. of the Bilile," Phila., 1850; "Ancient Christianity," 8vo, Phila., 1852; "Hist. Te.xt-Book and Atlas of Bibli- cal Geog.," 8vo, Phila., 1854, new ed., revised, 1859. — ^IZ/iioHf. Coleman, Otho M., inventor, b. Barnsta- ble, Ms., Jan. 23, 1817; d. S:,nuo-:i, N.Y., Apr. 5, 1845. Of German ;i-hl li, !,-li |,;n- entage. At the age of 16, li- , i;-d- ford; was relieved fromextn; , ilie sale of his invention of the .iiiii.;;i,i;uii i.ijy- minstrel and singing-bird fur JSUU ; removed to Saratoga in 1842, and invented the ..'Eolian attachment to the piano-forte, for which he re- ceived SIOO.OOO here, and S10,000 in Eng., whence he returned in Jan. 1845. Coleman, William, journalist, b. Boston, Fob. 14, 1766; d. New York, Julv 13, 1829. Ih'.v-s, .,!„.-:,'. "I fo-f!,.. Iv,r, :,n.| mI: I 7»4 .M,m. , and a partner of Aaron Burr in lii law; afterwards, until 180it, h- \\ of the Supreme Court of N- Y,,ai.,l of l\viEvrnii,, Po aianilii I < Ikaior of the port of ProvidcuLC many years, and was re- moved by Pres. Jackson. — Walker Family, 159. Colesworthy, Daniel Clement, h. Port- land, Me., July 14, 1810. Descended from an old Boston family, one of whom was a member of the famous " Tea-Party." He became a printer ; pnb. and edited the Portland Trilnine in 1840-4, and since 1850 has been a book- seller in Boston. He has pub. " Sab.-School Hymns," 1833; "Advice to an Apprentice," 1836 ; " Opening Buds," 1838 ; " Touch at the Times," 1840; "Chronicles of Casco Bay," 1350 ; " Group of Children, and other Poems," 1865, &c. 207 H A^Jc «i5 Colfax, SciiurLER, vice-pres. U.S., b. N. Y. ^ City, Mar. 23, 182.3.^Grand^on of Gin. Wm. „- Q'^..^ oftiicRovol .com. of vvasliiniTton's Life Guard, "•^ J*^' ...l.„ .1 IJ l.^- XT T ,0..?. .ooo A ho (I. Pompton, N.J., 7 Supt. 1838. A mer- ,^ j((f- el ' ' *^ his widowed mother, to Ind., where he studied chant's clerk for 3 years ; iu 1838 removed, with law. In 1845, he established the Sttint Josfph Valle)/ Rci/ister, an able Whii; paper, at South Bend, which he continued until 18.')3. Mem- ber of the State Const. Conv. in 1850, and op- posed the clause prohibiting free colored men from settling in that State; delegate and sec. of the Whig nutionul loiivontiuiis of 1S4S and Lincoln. He was the most po[iiiljr prisiilmg officer of tlio house since Henry Clay. — .Se Lives of Colfax, by Moore and ilarlin ; Grant and Colf.ix,'b,/ C. A. Phelps. Coliioun, Edmund K., capt. U. S. N., b. Pa.,JMav6, 1821. MiUshipm. Apr. 1, 1839; licat. 18G1; com. Nov. 17, 1862; capt. 1869. During the Mexican war, he served at the at- tack on Alvarado and at Tabasco, but left the navy, June 27, 1853. Com. steamer " Hunch- back," N. A. B. squad., at Roanoke Island, Feb. 7-8, 1362; capture of Newbern, March 14, 1862; engagements on the Blackwater River, Oct. 1862; com. steamer " Ladona," 1863, monitor " Weeliawken," S.A. B. squad., in the different actions with the Charleston forts, July to Sept. 1863 ; com. monitor "Saugus,'' N. A. squad., 1864-5; engaged Howlctt's battery on James River, June 21 and Dec. 5, 1864; in both attacks on Fort Fisher; now (1870) commands iron-clad "Dictator," N. A squad. — Uaiiiersli/. CoIIamer, J.ycob, LL.D. (U. of Vt. I849; D. C. 1857), jurist and senator, b. Trov, N.Y., 1792; d. Woodstock, Vt., 9 Nov. 1865! U. of Vt. 1810. His father removed to Burlington, Vt., where Jacob pursued his studies vvithout any other pecuniary means than his own indus- try supplied. He served asasubaltern in 1812, in the war with Eng. ; was adm. to the bar in 1813 ; practised in the Counties of Orange and Windsor.with marked ability and success, until 1833; was several years a member of the legisl.; judge of the Sup. Court of Vt. in 1833-42 ; M. C. 1843-9; U. S. postmaster-gen. 1849- 20 July, 1850 ; again judge Sup. Court of Vr., from 8 Nov. 1850, to Oct. 1854; and was U.S. senator from Mar. 1855, to his death. He was a logical reasoner, and a man of icmarkable industry. Colies, Christopher, philosopher, b. Ire- land, ab. 1738; d. New York, 1821. Left an orphan at an early age, he was educated by t'o- cocke, afterward I3ishop of Ossory, upon whose death, in 1765, he left Ireland." and in 1772 lectured in Pbila., upon pneumatics. The next year, he delivered in New York a series of lec- tures on inland lock-navigation. In "April, 1774, he proposed to build a reservoir for N. Y. City. In 1775, he lectured on gunnery, and was employed as instructor to the artillery dept. of the army, until the arrival of Baron pr.>|>, on (_'. first s Steuben in 1777. Colles was the first to sug- gest canals and improvements to connect Lake Ontario with the Hudson, and surveyed the Mohawk River as far as Wood Creek. The results of his labors were pub. by Samuel Lou- don in 1785. In 1808, Colles pub. a pamphlet on inland navigable communications. He next made a tour through Pa. and N. Y. ; and in 1789 pub. a h.iuk of roads tlirongh N.Y. In 1796, ir-.ii!. 1 ,1, N V, (')n,au 1 ii, ■ in, f. band- box- I _ ;_ ill: i-c traps, Pni-- I ' ; I. I ■ ; l,y these and v:i: Mill- ,,-i|. I :;-,:•;. ,11 ,„• ,■ :,,'i !|,. Iiarcly maintained Imii-I: lli- clirnihil -kill pro- cured him UTi :iii;i 111 ir,i ill' ^|ir, liir j^ravity of importeil lh|ih.i ^, iiii.l lie ;i!>.. inmlr proof- glasses. FiiM.i, , il ijli ],is liinid John I'iiiiiinl, Il ' !■ . I- I ii- i|.|i, of sujit. of the 2\r:t'l I \ M lirnevolent ; and hi I '111 to his adopted conn::; I' _ :■ \\,iri.| I 812, he was the iriiinl :ir:i 11. Lint of the telegraph erected Ir (.'linion. He is said to have built the .iin-en-ine iu Amer. — Appleion's Neio Amrr. C/cl. Colleton, J.VMES, colonial gov. of S. C. from 1686 to 1690. He was a bro. of one of the proprietors ; was app. landgrave, and en- dowed- with vast landed possessions. Assum- ing the govt, when disputes were rife concern- ing tenures of land and quit-rents, he procured alierations in the fundamental laws in 1687; declared martial law during a rebellion of the people, and was impeached by the assembly, and banished from the province. Colliar, Sir George, a British adm. ; d 6 Apr. 1795. Made capt. R.N., 12 July, 1762 ; commo. in N.Amer., 1779; adm. 1793. He cap- tured " The Hancock," Capt. Manly, in Apr. 1777; in Jlay, 1779, he destroyed the princi- pal towns in tlio r'h'-:ipcake;ravaged the coasts of \':i III If' ' iMving several armed ves- sels; I I 1 .i|. tare of Stony Point, on the III! : . ,. ,h Km ; July 5, took"part in the plnnaci.iij; i..N.i.Lil. io N. Haven, and then sailed to the Penobscot, where he captured and destroyed the fleet of Com. Saltonstall. He was knighted for his services in Amer. Col- lier's Journal in "The Rainbow," 1776-9, was pub. by Ithiel Town, N.Y., 1835. Collier, Henry Watkixs, jurist, b. Lu- nenburg Co., Va., Jan. 17, 1801 ; d. Bailey's Springs, Ala., Aug. 28, 1853. Educated in Abbeville Dist., S.C. ; went to Ala. in 1818; ailm. to the bar in 1821 ; began practice at Huntsville, and, in 1823, removed to Tuscaloo- sa; judge of the Circuit Court of that dist. 1827-37; chief-justice of Ala. in 1837-49; gov. 1849-53. Collins, Charles, D.D. (Dick. Coll., Pa., 1851), b. N. Yarmouth, Me., Apr. 17, 1813. Wesleyan U. 1837. Pres. of the Emory and Henrv Coll., Va., 1838-52, and of Dickinson Coll., Pa., from 1852 to 1860, of the State Female Coll., Tenn., 1860-6. Author of " Methodism and Calvinism Compared." Con- trib. to Methodist journals of the U.S. Collins, Isaac, printer and bookseller, b. Del., Feb. 16, 1746: d. Burlington, N.J., Mar. 21, 1817 Charles, his father, was an emig. from Bristol, Eng. Isaac learned the trade of COL printer, t 21 went to Phila., and in ton, N.J., having been app. priiitur to Gior:,'L' III. He removed to Tren- ton in 177S, and pub. the first quarto Family Bible in the U.S. In 1796, he removed his family and business to N.Y., but returned to Burlington in 1808. He was some years one of the govs, of the N.Y. Hospital. Several of his sons became prominent booksellers and publishers in N.Y. — See Memoir of Isaac Col- lins, 1848. Collins, John, gov. of R.I., 1786-9, mem- ber of the Cont. Con-rcss from 1778 to 1783 ; d. Newport, R I.. March, 1795, a. 78. M. C. 1789. lie was first assist, in 1776, and in Apr. 1778, a commissioner to settle the accounts of R.I. will) Conijress. Collins, John, gov. of Del., 1820, to his d., Apr. 15, 1822, at Wilmington. Collins, Napoleon, commo. U. S. N., b. Pa., Mav 4, 1814. Midshipman, Jan. 2, 1834; lieut. Nov. 6, 1846; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866; commo., Jan. 1871. Attached to sloop " Decatur," and present at Tuspan and Tabasco, Mexican war; comg. steamer "Ana- costia," Potomac flotilla, in engagements at Acqnia Creek, May 31 and June 1, 1861 ; comg. gunboat " Unadilla " at biUtle of Port Royal, Nov. 7, 1861, and in various expeds. on the coasts of S.C, Ga., and Fla., 1861-2 ; comg. steamer "Octarora," W.I. squad , 1863 ; steamer " Wachusett," special service, 1863-4. Oct. 7, 1864, he seized the rebel steamer " Flor- ida," in the harbor of Baliia, Brazil. — Ham- CoUina, Thomas, gov. Del., 1786-9, b. 1732; d. near Duck Creek, Kent Co., Del., 29 Mar. 1789. High sheriff of Kent Co. ; 4 years a member of the council ; brig.-gen. of militia, 1776-83 ; member of the assembly, and chief- justice of C.C.P. Collins, Zaccheus, philanthropist, b. Phila., Aug. 26, 1764; d. there June 12, 1831. Member of the Society of Friends ; an ardent promoter of the advancement of the natural sciences, and was an officer or member of many philosophical, humane, and religious societies. CoUot, A. G , b. France, 1796; settled in the US. Pub. " Complete Study oT French," 6 vols ; " French and English Dictionary," 8vo, Phila., 1853. — AUihone. CoUot, Gen. Victor, pub. a map of De- troit in 1796, also "Voyage dans le Nord de I'Am&iqtie en 1796," an English trans, of which was pub. in 1826. CoUyer, Rev. Robert, pastor of Unity Church. Chicago, since Feb. 1859 ; b. Keighlv, York.-liirc, Eng., 8 Dec. 1823. His youth was p.isscil in a factory and at the forge; but all his leisure was devoted to study. In 1847, he joined the Methodists, emigrated to the U.S. in May, 1850, and was a blacksmith and preacher at Shoemakcrstown, Pa. ; but in Jan., having embraced Unitarian views, he was brought up for heresy, and the conference refused to renew his license to preach. He is a simple, earnest, and eloquent preacher, a worker in all needed reforms, and a successful lecturer. Author of a Life of A. H. Conant, 1868. Colman, Benjamin, D.D. (U. of Glasg. 1731), clergyman, b. Boston, 19 Oct. 1673; d. there 29 Aug. 1747. H. U. 1692. Son of Wra., who came from Lond. ab. 1671. He began to preaoh in Medford in 1693, embarked for Eng. in July, 1695, but was captured by a privateer, n!vl ki'jit =Mni" time piis. in 1' ranee ; friendslii|. .. ! ; i < , nny, llcw, :Uhl ..tiuT em. diviii.-, , i, ,,,i ;,,i,,'' h, Hu-hju m 1G99, became ii.i^uji ui liio Ijraitk'-st. Clunxli, uliero he preached on the last Sunday of iiis life. This church was formed in o]ip. to the Cam- bridge platform ; and the other Boston elmrch- es long refused to hold communion with it. Chosen pies, of H.U. in 1724, but declined. A benefactor of Harv.and Yale Colleges ; was employed by the Gen. Court in important affairs; and was much esteemed as a pulpit orator. A coll. of his sermons was pub. in 3 vols., 1 707-22. Author, also, of some poems, and a tract in favor of inoculation for the small-pox, 1721. His " Life" was pub. in 1749, bv Kev. E. Turell, who m. his dau —N.E. H. and a. Reg. iii. 110. Colman, Henrv, agric. writer and clergy- man, b. Boston, Sept. 12, 1785; d. Islington, Eng., Aug. 14, 1849. Dartm. Coll. 1805. From 1807 to 1820, he was a Cong, minister at Hingham, Ms., where he also taught school ; was a teacher in Boston in 1820-5, and, from Feb. 1825 to Dee. 1831, h.ad charge of a Uni- tarian church in Salem, when he left, in ill health. Engaging in agriculture at Deerfield, Ms., he was cniplovcd bv the State, from 1836 to 1842, to investigate its agric. condition and resources. In 1842, he visited Europe, in the employ of the Ms. Agric. Soc., for a similar purpose, and puli. in 2 vols., 8vo, " ICuropcan A:.;ric. and Rural Economv," and " Agric. and Huial Eroi.oray of FraniG, Bcl;;iinn, Holland, and Suiizeiland," Svo, ISJS, tire risult of 6 SilkCultui.;'IMo.,,TMl'l;r|„,|-|s',,„i;,r.\-rir. of Ms.," H;--'I: ■■ L-itrr, m, ];,i:o|, an Life and Manner^," -2 vol-.. 1SI9, and li vnls of ser- mons. Visiting Eng again for his health in 1849, he d. soon after his arrival. Colman, Samuel, landscape-painter, b. Portland, Me., 1832. Son of .Samciel, book- seller and publisher of N.Y . an.] a - . Ir i|, r in engravings and pictures; li.t i ml; other fine pictures, "Rock III I . i i.il.e George" "Street Scene in S iH ' ■ ('.-n.vav Vallev," '■ llarl.or ol .Srvilla," and " Bni-cs on the Hudson." ■Ilill of ihe Alhambra," and "Tower ol il,r (,i,aM.i." His first picture was exhil) at tin' .\iail. in 1830. lie went abroad in 1860. studied and sketched in Anda- lusia and in Paris, and was made a member of the Acad, of Design in 1862. He is one of the most poetical of Amer. painters. Colquitt, Walter T., Democ. politician, b. Halifax Co., Va., Dec. 27, 1799; d. Macon, Ga., May 7, 1855. Adm. to the bar in 1820 ; brig.-gen. of militia at the age of 21 ; in Dec. 1826, app. a dist. judge; re-app. in 1829; a member of the State senate in 1834 and 1837 ; M.C. 1839-43; U.S. senator, 184.3-9. He sup- ported the Polk administration in the contro- versy relative to Oregon, and, throughout the Mexican war, was prominent in oppo. to the Wilmot Proviso, and was one of the most earnest speakers in the Nashville convention in IS50, in defence of the " lights " of the South. He had also been a Methodist preacher, and, even during the turmoil of a most exciting po- litical career, was in the habit of officiating at the Methodist churches. He took an active public affitirs, a i and Bar of Cc Colt, Samuel, inventor, b. Hartford Ct., July 19, 1814; d. there Jan. 10, 1862. In July, 1829, he ran away from home, and shipped, as a boy before-tlie-mast, on an East-India voyage. After his return, under the assumed name of Dr. Coult, be lectured on chemistry in the U.S. and Canada. The proceeds of these earnings were devoted to the prosecution of bis invention of the revolver, the first model of which, in 1829, was of wood. In 1835, when only 21, be took out his first patent for revolv- ing fire-arms, securing patents in Eng. and France ; and a company was formed at fatter- son, N.J., which suspended in 1842. In 1837, during the Florida war, Colt's revolvers were first successfully used. During the Mexican war, a demand sprung up ; and Mr. Colt com- menced their manuf. at Hartford. The extraor- dinary emigration to Cal., and afterward to Australia, greatly increased the demand ; and he erected an armory of Portland stone, with a capacity for the manuf. of 1,000 per day. A part of the establishment is devoted to the manuf. of machinery for making these fire- arms elsewhere, -which has already supplied a large portion of the machinery for the armory at Enfield, Eng., and the whole of that for the Russian Govt, armory at Tula. Various im- provements were patented alter the Mexican war; and it was adopted by the U.S. Govt, as a regular weapon for the army. The Cri- mean and Indian campaigns suggested still further improvements in its construction, also secured by patent, rendering the arm compar- atively perfect, and of superior efficiency. From almost all the govts, of Europe, he received orders of merit, medals, diplomas, and other tokens of their appreciation of his great inven- tion. Mr. Colt also invented a submarine battery of great power and efficacy, and was one of the inventors of the submarine tclcg. cable ; having laid, and operated with perfect success, in 1843, such a cable from Coney Island ,nnd Fire Island to the city of NY., and from the Merchants' Exchange to the mouth of the harbor. He acquired an immense fortune. Colton, Calvin, LL.D. (Hob. Coll. 1832), clergyman and author, b. Longmeadow, JIs., 1789 ; d. Savannah, Ga., March 13, 1857. Y.C. 1812. Settled over the Presb. church at Batavia, N.Y., 1815 ; he subsequently entered (he ministry of the Pr.-Ep. church, but relin- quished preaching in 1S26 from failure of his voice. After a long tour through the U.S., be went to Eng. in 1831, as corresp. of the N.Y. Obseraer. In 1848, he wrote on political economy, of which science he was choson prof. in Triu. Coll., Hartford, in 1852. From- 1842 to 1844, ho edited the True Wlii'/ in Washing- ton. He pub. in Eng. " A Manual for Emi- grants to Ainer.," and the " History and Char- acter of Amcr. Revivals of Heligion," 1832; " The Americans, by an Amer. in London," U 1833; Lakes,' " Protestant Jes Sedition," and ' Contrasted," 18; Eng.," 1839; " "Amer. Jacobin Term," 1840; ' 184.3-4; "Life Cottager," "A Tour of the .'hurch and State in Amer.," litism," 1836; "Abolition a ' Abolition and Colonization i8 ; "A Voice from. Amer. to The Crisis of the Country," ism," and "One Presidential "Junius," a series of tracts, id Time of Henry Clav," 1846; "Four Years in Great Britain," 18.35; " Thoughts on the Religious State of the Couiitiv," " The Genius and Mission of the Ep. Church in the US," I >.•-? : " The Rights of La- bor," 1844 ;"■ 1 'n I : I ! niv of the U.S.," 8vo, 1848; "I'll ' -r Henry Clay," 8vo, 1835; " I.ai .~. - ii ,.,i:-„r the Life of Henry Clay," bvu, l^.iO ; ' t'j)eeches of Henry Clay,'" 2 vols., 8vo, 1857. Colton, George Hooker, author, b. Westfoid, N.Y., Oct. 27, 1818; d. NY. City, Dec. 1, 1847. Y.C. 1840. SonofCalvin. lie immediately after grad. engaged as a teacher in Hartford, where he wrote the poem of " Te- eumseh ; or. The West 30 Years Since," pub. 1842. He (ielivered a course of lectures on the Amer. Indians in 1842-3, and a poem before the Phi Beta Kappa Society, Y. C, 1844, and in 1845 started the American Why Review in N.Y., which he conducted till his death. — Dui/c- Colton, Walter, author, bro. of Calvin, b. Rutland, Vt., Mav 9, 1797 ; d. Phila., Jan. 22,1851. Y.C. 1822. After teaching school, and studying theology at Andovcr, he became, in 1825, prof, of moral philos. and belles-let- tres at Middletown Acad., Ct. In 1828, he was editing a Whig paper in Washington, but, becoming a favorite with Pres. Jackson, was app. chaplain in the navy. In 1831, he sailed to the W.Indies in "The Vineennes;" in 1832-5 in " The Constellation," to the Mediter- ranean, and in 1838 was assigned to Phila., where, in 1841-2,he was principal editor of the North American, and pub. a pamphlet, entitled " The Bible in the Public Schools." July 28, 1846, he was made by Com. Stockton alcalde of Monterey, Cal., also officiating there as judge of admiralty during the Mexican war, and established the first newspaper in Cal. He returned to Phila. in 1849. Among his works are " Ship and Shore," 1835 ; " Con- stantinople and Athens," 1836 ; " Deck and Port," 1850; "Three Years in California," 1830 ; " Land and Sea," 1851 ; " The Sea and the Sailor," " Notes on France and Italy," and other literary remains, with a meinoir by Rev. H. T. Cheever, 12nio, 1851. Columbus, Baistholomew, a younger bro, to Christopher, b. Genoa, ab. 1436; d. 1514. He displayed great ingenuity in drawing spheres and sea-charts at Lisbon in 1470. Ab. 1486, he visited the Cape of Good Hope, prob- ably with Barthelemi Diaz. Queen Isabella sent him, in com. of 3 store-ships, to the new colony of Hispaniola, where Christopher re- ceived him with joy, and app. him adelantado, or lieut.-gov. of the Indies. In this position, he showed great bravery and decision. The Spanish monarchs confirmed his title, and gave him the lordship of the small Island of Mona, near St. Domingo, with 200 Indians as his 210 personal liody-guaril. Bartholomew shared the honors and ikin;;ers of his brother's discoveries; hrcame vi-rv wxahhy, and was tlie founder of the town of St. Domingo. Columbus, CEritisTOPiiER, discoverer of Anjerica, b. at Cogcrio, 20 miles west of Genoa, all. U.-J.t: d. Valladnlid, Spain, JIaV20, 1506. lie was the eMest sn„ „r I) enieo" Colombo, the expedition of finding gold, and May 30, 149S, sailed on his yd voyage with 6 ships. He discovered the mouth of the Orinoco, then re- visited Hispaniula to recruit his enfeebled health, and a^'ain beeaine ill' \ I iiii t nialiee from Spain to inquire into i!: ,: ( 'o- Inmbus and his bro. in eb:ii!i i I . ■ i into Spain. The officers of tl ;. ■ ;i .- to liberate him from his fetter.-, !. ,, , i nlly, "I will wear them as a m. Ill , . .; .ruV tudc of princes." The imlu-i ,: -i . ].! -~rd i.bles Azores, and the Pnin; :ii - ■ - n: ii- ni Al- rica. While at Li-li-i,, ', , , ! :,, ,l,,ii. ,,f Bartolomeo di P.iIl i. ., , . ,. ,,::_■. Ii.ilim navigator. In 1477, li. lu.i.U' ci \.j'..,-'- m Hi- N. VV., 100 leagues beyond Ireland, iiiM I, it 73°. Columbus had by this time matiin d bis views; namely, that the earth was s|ibriir,il, that Asia extended to the parallel iiuw known as 180° E. from Greenwich, that a navi- gable ocean only intervened, and that not more than J of the earth's circumference separated Europe and Asia. He applied for aid in find- ing this western route to India, fir,>t to the re- public of Genoa, and, subsequently, to either Alfonso v., or John II. of Portugnl. The lat- ter referred it to hi; mn-irM, v.'m reported against it. Hopelrs, . ' ; ; !' -rtngal, he set out, in 1484, witli ' : - li lor Spain. Stopping at a conveni m ,,i 1 i,i,, i., beg some bread for bis boy, he luqiiinU the ineiidshipof the superior, Juan Perez de Marehena, with whom he remained till the spring of 1486. While awaiting the result of his application to Ferdinand and Isabella, Cohimbus served in the war against the Moors of Granada. Re- ceiving an unfavorable repiv in 1491, he next applied to Charles VIII. of France. Finally, with the aid of the S| :ui; 'i .... i 'jus 3 small ships were fitted out , i' nleil, Aug. 3, 1492. At 2 o'rl ■ ' ) I ; ibiv, Oct. 12, 1492, after haviii.; 1.-. n , 1 .In -, it sea, "The Pinta" fired a gun, the signal lor land. This land he took possession of in the name of the crown of Castile, and named the Island San Salvador. He also discovered others of the W.I. Islands, and built on the Bay of Caracola a fort with the timbers of " The Santa Maria," and, leaving in it 39 men, sailed, Jan. 4, 1493, forSpain; taking with him several ofthe natives. He was well received by the king and queen, confirmed in all the dignities previously be- stowed, and given the command of 17 ships and 1,500 men to prosecute the discovery. With this fleet, he sailed from Cadiz, Sept. 25, 1493; discovered the Windward Islands, Ja- maica, and Porto Kico, and founded a colony in Hispaniola, of which he left his brother Bar- tholomew lieut.-gov., and reached Cadiz June II, 1496. He succeeded in clearing himself of the charges and clamor raised against him bj the adventurers who had accomp. him in to repair to, except an inn, and often with nothing to pay for bis sustenance," the dis- coverer of the New World died. The tomb over his remains bears this inscription, " To Castile and Leon, a new world gave Colon. " His re- mains, taken in 1536 to St. Domingo, were, in 1796, conveyed with great pomp to the Cathedral of Havana, where tbry now repose. His son Diego snel \\\r kin_' in the high council of the Iielns, ami, nruvering the viceroyalty of llis|Miiiiil:i, in. M niu, niece of the Duke of Alva. Tlnii '! ■ -i, I.ris, became Duke of Verauim, M , : ! .la- maica. — .See Life, and Iv'//" Colver, KiiV. N.^th.vmi l, I'll, i;,i|itist clergyman, h. Orwell, Vt., May, 17.14 ; .1. Chi- cago,' Sept. 25, 1870. He had a limited edu- cation, was a vol. in the War of ISI2, and was by trade a tanner. He began his ministry at Union Villag6, N.Y., in 18,36, and was set- tled successively in Boston (1843), Detroit, Cincinnati, and Chicago (1860). He was emi- nent as an antimason and an abolitionist, was an able preacher, and had ^iivat pmvi r with the masses. After the war. be I'Mind d, and put in successful operation at Ki. IjiiMml, the "Colver Institute," for edueatinL; y.mn- men of color for the ministrv. Author of three lectuies on Odd Fellowship, 1844. Colvilie, Alesandeb. lord, made an adin. ill 1762, and com. in N. Amer. ; retook Newfoundland; d. 1779. Colvoeoresses, George M., capt. U.S.N., b. Greece. App. from Vt. niidshipm. Feb. 21, 1832; com. July 1, 1861 ; capt. and re- tired, 1867. Attached to Wilkes's expl. exped. 1838-42; as 1st lient., participated in capture of the harrier forts. Canton, China ; com. store- ship "Supply," 1861-3, and captured "The Stephen Hart," loaded with arms and am- munition for the rebels; com. "Saratoga," S.A.B. squad., 1864, and received thanks of the adm. and of the navy dept. for merit, ser- COL 211 \ COJiT vices ; com sloop " St. Mary's," Pacific squad., 186.")-f). — llamersh/. Colwell, Stephen, author, b. Brooke Co., Va., .Mar, 2.'), 18110. Jeff. Coll., Pa., 1319. Adm. to the bar in Va , 1821 ; practised some time in Pittsburg, but has been many years an iron-mcrcbant in Pliila. Auilior of " New Themes lor the Protestant Clergy," &c., 1S.")1 ; "Politics for Amer. Christians," lSri-2 ; " Religious Instruction in Public Schools," &c., 1854 ; " The Ways and Means of Commercial Payment," &c,, 1858 ; and a number of pam- phlets on politics, banking, and polit. economy. Dieil rbila. 15 Jan. 1871.— A'/i'tone. Combe, George, a Scottish phrenolojist, b. near Edinburgh, Oct. 21, 1788; d. Moor Park, Surrey, Eng., Aug. 14, 1858. He was bred to the legal profession, but in 1816, with his bro. Andrew, devoted himself to the propa- gation of the science of phrenology as writer and lecturer. In 1838-40, accomp. by his wife, he visited the U.S., and delivered 158 lectures in various parts of the country. He pub,' many works on phrenoIo2:y and educa- tion, and also " Notes on the U.S. of Ameri- ca," 3 vols., 1841. .J.'' Combs, Leslie, lawyer and politician, b. Ky., 1794., His father, a Virginian, was a Revol. officer, and a hunter of Ky. Leslie, the youngest of 12 children, joined the army in 1812 ; was disting. for energy and bravery ; com. a company of scouts ; was wounded near Fort Meigs, and narrowly escaped death. He afterward practised law, took part in politics as a personal friend and supporter of Henry Clay, and was a fluent, eloquent, and effective speaker. In 1836, he raised a rcgt. for the south-western frontier at the time of the revol. in Texas. A gen. of militia, and resides in Lexington, Ky. Comegys, Coknelius G., M.D., b. Del. Prof of Institutes of Medicine in Miami Coll., 0. Author of " A History of Medi- cine," 8vo, Cincin., 1856. Comer, Thoshs, actor and musician, b. Bath, Kng., Dec. 19, 1790; d. Boston, July 27, 1S62. He played at Covent Garden and Drury Lane; came to this country in 1827, and was successively musical director at the Tremont Theatre, Museum, and Boston Thea- tre. He excelled in eccentric parts and in Irish personations, and was skilled in musi- cal composition. Comly, John, a Friend, author of some popular school text-books, b. Pa. ; d. Rvberrv, Pa., Aug. 17, 1850, a. 76. — See Journal of the Life and Rellipous Labors of John Comly of Ry- berry, pub. by his children, 8vo, Phila., 1853. Comonfort, Ygnacio, pres. of Mexico, 1855-8, b. Puebla, March 12, 1812; murdered Nov. 13, 1863. He entered the Jesuit Coll. in 1826, became a capt. of cav. in 1832, and es- poused the liberal cause. In 1 834, he was made prefect and military gov. of the dist. of Tlapa ; in 1842, he was elected to Congress, and re- elected in 1846. In the revol. of Aug. 1846, Comonfort took a conspicuous part. App. 3d alcalde of the capital, and afterward prefect of Western Mexico, he relinquished these posi- tions to engage in the war with the U.S., at the close of which he was summoned to the Congress of Queretaro. He was then chosen senator of Puebla, and served until 1851. In 1852-3, he represented in Congress the newly, created State of Guerrero, and acted as custoiii- house director of Acapulco and other places, until Santa Aiia's return, when he was dismiss- ed from office. He now joined Alvarez, raised the standard of revol., proclaimed the plan of Ayuila, March 11, 1854, visited N.Y., and raised funds there to carry on the war, finally compelling Santa Ana, in 1855, to abdicate. Alvarez resigned (he supreme power to Comon- fort, Dec. 1 1 . 1 s'> 1 Hi^ Qonn met withstreiiuous opposition ['■'■") I' -■ ' '. ! j\, the army, and the large boily m! , i i aiive party. An in- surrection III, i ,.: :^r liio capital, resulting, after a bluw.lv .sn u^-^L, in the elevation of Juarez; and Cumonlort, in Feb. 1858, came to the U.S. He soon went to France, but, on the first movement of the French fur the invasion of Mexico, returned thither, and offered his services to Juarez, who made him com. in chief. He was murdered by banditti while on his way to San Luis Potosi. Comstoek, Adam, a Revol. officer; d. Saratoga Co., N.Y., Apr. 10, 1819, a. 79. Formed by nature fur a soldier, he early en- gaL'ed in the Revol. conflict, and was lieut.-col. of Lippits's R.I. Regt. Enjoying the confi- dence of Washington, he was soon ])romoted to a colonelcy ; was the "officer of the day" at the victory of Red Bank, and alternately com. with Col. Saml. Smith in the gallant af- fair of Mud Fort. After the war, he settled ia Saratoga, N.Y. ; filled various judicial offices, serving near 20 years in the legisl. and the council. Comstoek, Andrew, M.D., prof, of elo- cution, and lecturer on oratory, b. N.Y., 1795. Author of a "New System of Phonetics," " Phonetic Speaker," "Testament," "Reader," " Hisloria Sacra." and " Homer's Iliad," " El- ocution," 16ih cd., 1854. Comstoek, John Lee, physician and au- thor, b. East Lyme, Ct., 1789; d. Hartford, Ct., Nov. 21, 1858. He was self-educated; wasa surgeon in thearmyduring the Warof 1812-15, and afterwards resided in Hartford. He pre- pared for the use of schools, text-books on chem- istry, natural history, botany, physical geogra- phy, physiology, and mineralogy ; a " History of Gold" and Silver;" " History of the Greek Revolution," 1829; and "Cabinet of Curiosi- ties." His "Natural Philosophy" became a standard book ; and its sale, which was not con- fined to this country, reached nearly a million copies. He possessed great mechanical skill, constructed most of his apparatus himself, and, being a skilful draughtsm.an, made the drawings for most of the illustrations of his works. Conant, Hannah O'Brien Chaplin, dau. of Rev. Jeremiah Chaplin, b. Danvers, Ms., 1812 ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Feb. 18, 1865 ; m. Dr. T. J. Conant in 1832. In 1838, she began editing the Mother's Monthly Journal, and was a constant contrib. to the periodical press. By her knowledge of Oriental languages, she ren- dered great service to her husbantl in the prep- aration of the new version of the Scriptures. Author of a number of works, original and coisr 212 CON translated, among them, "Lea; or, The Bap- tism in Jordan," by Strauss, 1844 ; translations (if Neander's Commentaries on the Epistles of John and James, and the Epistle of Paul to the Philiprii.ns IS:-,o-V2: ,!„. "Karn-r M:in," a bior'. -I . ■-'' -■' II- ,i".i 1 - - -, . ■■ I '<, pillar HiMor. ..I , i: : I : , ■■ IS56; and 111. ,\ ,■. ;,;,.,.i,, I I „ „ , ls:,7, a translaiiou hun, ili.- l.trniaii, ■ i Im History oftheEngli»li Bible," 1859. Conant, Roger, an early settler in Ms., b. Budleigh, Devonshire, Enir., April, 159.3; d. Beverly, Ms., Nov. 19, 1679. lie came to Plymouth in 1623; removed to Nantasket in I6-25, and thence, in the autumn, to Cape Ann, charged hv the adventurers in En?, with the care of tli";it ^rttlfment. He fouiid.d Salem, where, in Ii'rjr,, ]„■ lunlt tlie lirM I -r. lie He organized the tirst I'm i ■ ;. .■ 'i ■ i i ■■ Ann. In 1640, his smh i; , ; : , first-born child in Saloui, i-r, nr.i i n,,. town a firant of 40 acres ot land. — Sfe N'ltire of Conant, by J. B. Felt, in Geneal. Heg., ii., 233, 329. Conant, Thomas J., D.D., Orientalist and biblical scholar, b. Brandon, Vt., Dec. 13, 1802. Midd. Coll. 1823. After a brief tutor- ship at Col. Coll., D.C., he was made prof, of lanRuatres in "Wat. Coll.. Me., which he resigned inlS.',r T;!!--:! ii- was made prof of bibli- cal lit' i . I I i^m in thetheol. sem. at Haniii: I - 1 I ill 1850, he assumed a similai- liiii I Ml i;." hr-tcr Sem., which he re- signed all. 1859. While prof, at Hamilton, he visited Europe, spending 2 years at Hallo and Berlin. He has been long en.gaged in the prep- aration of an iinpr.ivcd popular ver.^-iou of the ten wl.i r '.1 -1 r,,,,v "11 the "Gesnm;-'. II. Mv.,v (,,:„,',,„,,,■,■" li,.' nii'b. a version (.1 the " Book of J,.l> " in 1S57. Coneanen, Luke, 0. P., first R. C. bishop of N. Y. ; eonsec. Apr. 24, 1808; d. 1810. Concha, Jose, M.^rquis de la HabaSa, capt.-gen. of Cuba, b. Buenos Ayres, 1800. Took part in the struggle in S A., and against Don Carlos; was app. lieut -gen. in 1839, and was capt.-gen. of the Basque provinces from 1843 to 1846. Placed at the bead of the Span- ish cavalry, he was capt.-gen. of Cuba from 1849 to 1852, when he was removed, after the attempt of Lopez, and replaced by Canedo. Joining bis bro. in opposing the govt., he was banished from Spain in June, 1854. After the rcvol. of July, 1854, he was re-app. capt.-gen. of Cuba, and, with the exception of a short pe- riod in 1856, held the office until Dec. 1858. Minister of war, 1863; pres. Spanish senate, 1864 ; app. nominal prime-minister by the queen ju*t after the revol. broke out in Spain in Sept. 1868. Condamine, Charles Makie de la, a French mathematician and geographer, b. Paris, Jan. 28, 1701 ; d. there Feb. 4, 1774. Educated at the U. of Paris, he abandoned the military career, in whiih he was disting., and, joining an exploring exped., visited Troas, Cy- prus, Jerusalem, and Constantinople. In 1735, the Acad, of Sciences sent him to Peru to measure an arc of the meridian. He returned to France in 1743, and prepared accounts of the voyage, travels, and labors of the commission. His " Voyage up the Amazon," and " Travels in S.America,' appeared in 1745, and "The Figure of the Earth," in 1749. In 1748, he was made a fellow of the Roy. Soc. of Lond., and in 1 760 a member of the Acad, of Sciences in Paris. Condiet, Joira, senator, b. 1755; d. Or- ange, N.J., May 4, 1834. He was a soldier and surgeon in the Revol. army; was several years a member of the N.J. legisl.; M. C. from 1799 to 1803 and 1819-20; and U. S. senator from I SOI to \^\-. — Lanman. Condiet, Lewis, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1794), ]i..liii.iaii, h. Morristown, N.J., Mar. 1773 ; d. ili'iv Miiv L'6. 1862. He was high-sheriflF of M 11^ '■... before 1800; member of the State '<■•'' 1805 to 1 810, officiating as speaker : ii- : one of the commissioners for set- I 111- ih. Ii.nnularv between N. Y. and K. J. ; and M. C. in 1811-17 and 1821-33. Condiet, Silas, member of the State le- gisl, M. C. 1831-3, member of theState Const. Conv. of 1844, many years pres. of the Newark Banking Co. b. N. J., 1777 ; d. Newark, N.J., Nov. 29, 1861. N.J. Coll. 1795. Silas, his father, was a delegate to the Old Congress in 1781-4. Condie, D. Francis, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1818), b. Phila., May 12, 1796. Has pub. "An Abridgment of Thomas's Practice," 1817 ; " Course of Examination for Jled. Students," 1824 ; "-Catechism of Health," 1831 ; " Trea- tise on Epidemic Cholera," in conjunction with Dr. John Bell, 1832 ; " Diseases of Chil- dren," 4tb ed., 8vo, 1854. Editor of Church- ill's " Diseases of Women." Contrib. to " CyclopsEdia of Practical Medicine," Phila., 1834, and to numerous medical journals. — AUihone, Condorcanqui, Joseph Gabkiel, an American Spaniard, who, having been ill-treat- ed by a magistrate of Lima, attempted the re- dress of his own grievances, and the oppres- sions of the Indians, by exciting an insurrec- tion in 1780. He was an artful and intrepid man, and, to conciliate the Indians, assumed the name of the Inca Tupac-Amaru, professing a design to restore the ancient dynasty of Peru, — a project which had been 'entertained by Raleigh. His plan was at first successful ; and, after a contest of 3 years, he was hailed inca of Peru. Having become obnoxious to the Spanish settlers, troops were sent against him ; and, the efTorts of the Indians proving too fee- ble and desultory, he was deserted by his fol- lowers, taken, and cruelly put to "death. — Uumboldt. Cone, Spencer Hocghton, D.D. (B.U. 1842), a Baptist clergyman, b. Princeton, N.J., Apr. 30, 1785; d. N.Y., Aug. 28, 1855. At the age of 14, he was obliged to leave N. J. Coll., and assist, by teaching, in the support of his widowed mother and family. Becoming an actor, he played 7 years with great success, principally in Phila. Abandoning the stage in Dec. 1812, he connected himself with the 213 Baltimore American, and afterwards with the Baltimore Whiff. He was present, in com. of a company of vols, from Baltimore, at Bladens- burg and Fort McHenry, and afterwards be- came a clerk in the treasury dept. at Washing- ton. Ord. a Baptist minister in 181.5, he be- came, a few weeks afterwards, chaplain to Congress; was pastor of the Baptist Church in Alexandria, D. C, from 1816 until May 1823; of the Oliver-st. Church, N.Y. City, for 1 8 Tears ; and of the First Baptist Church, from 1841 until his death. In 18.36-49, Dr. Cone was pres. of the Bible Society. He was one of the most popular pulpit orators in the U.S. He was a leading member of the Baptist gen- eral Convention of the U.S. till he became its pres. in 18.32 ; was foremost in directing the measures of the Societies of Home and Foreign Missions ; and was one of the authors of a tract in 1850, calling for a new translation of the Bible more definitely in accordance with Bap- tist views. — See Memoir, by his Sons, N. i'.,l 856. Conkling, Alfred, jurist, b. E. Hamp- ton, N.Y., Oct. 12, 1789., Un. Coll. 1810. Adm. to the bar in 1812 ; dist.-atty. for Mont- gomery Co., two or three years ; M.C. 1821-3 ; settled' in Albany ; app. U.S. dist. judge of the northern dist. of N.Y. ; minister to Mexi- co in 1852, and, on his return, settled at Gene- see, N.Y. Author of " Conkling's Treatise," " Conkling's Admiraltv," 1857 ; "The Pow- ers of the Executive Dc-"|Kiitniontsof the U.S.," 1867; "Yoimu i m n- M nuial." Two of his sons are ni' i!i ( , _ . -s. Conkling, IJ'^ .. r and senator, son of Alfred, h. .\..!jau_\ ,1 ::i?. Jieceived agood education, and adopted the prufession of law ; settled in Uticain 1846, of which place he was mayor in 1858 ; app. dist.-attv. of Oneida Co. in 1849; M. C. 1859-63; U". S. senator, since 1867. Disting. as a debater. Conner, David, commo. U.S.N., b. Har- risburg. Pa, 1792; d. Phila, Mar. 20, 1856. Heentercd a counting-house in Phila. in 1806, and, in a voyage to the W, Indies, developed an inclination for the sea. Midshipman, Jan. 16, 1809, and, as acting lieut., took part in the action between " The Hornet " and " Peacock," Feb. 24, 1813. Charged with the duty of re- moving the prisoners, Lieut. Conner was among the last to leave the sinking vessel. July 24, 1813, he became a lieut., and remained in " The Hornet" under Capt. Biddle. In the action with " The Penguin," Mar. 2.3, 1815, he was dangerously wounded, and, for his gallantry, was presented with a medal by Congress ; and the legisl. of Pa. unanimously voted him a sword. Mar. 3, 1825, he was promoted to the rank of com., and Mar. 3, 1835, to that of capt. Com. the squadron on thcW. India station, just before the commencement of hostilities with Mexico, he was much commended by govt, for the manner in which he performed his duties. He established an efficientblockade of the Mex- ican ports on the gulf. Nov. 14, 1846, the port of Tampieo was captured. Mar. 9, 1S47, he di- rected the landing of the army of Gen. Scott, at Vera Cruz, but was soon after compelled, by the failure of his health, to return home. Conner, Samuel Shepard, h. N.H. ; d. Covington, Ky., 17 Dec. 1820. Y. C. 1806. App. maj. 21st Inf., Mar. 12, 1812; aide-do- camp to Gen. Dearborn, 1813; lieut. -col. 13th Inf., Mar. 1813 to July 1814 ; M. C. from Ms., 1815-17; surveyor-gen. in 0., 1819. — Conolly, JoHS, physician and adventurer, b. Lancaster Co., Pa. He resided at Pittsburg, and was a business corresp. of Washington's, who pronounced him, " A very sensible, intelli- gent man." He was seized and imprisoned, while at the head of an armed party, in 1 774, by the authorities of Pa., with whom he had a bitter controversy respecting land at the Falls of the Ohio, granted him by Lord Dun- more. In 1775, he was authorized by Dun- more to raise and com. a rcgt. of loyalists and Indians, tu hu ralird the " Loj'al Foresters." While on hi. uay to ex. rute this design, he was taken, ami hiM |.ri-oiier till near the end of the war. Ali. ITss, he and other disaffect- ed persons held conferences at Detroit, with prominent citizens of the West, as to the seiz- ure of N. Orleans, and the forcible control of the navigation of the Mpi. The attention of Wasliington was attracted to the subject; and measures were taken to counteract the plot. — Sahi.w. Connolly, Johs, R. C. bishop of N.Y., consec. Nov. 16, I8I4 ; d. N.Y. Feb. 6, 1825. Connor, Henry W., M. C. 1821-41, b. Prince George Co., Va., Aug. 1793 ; d. N.C, Jan. 15, 1866. U. of S. C. 1812. Aide to Gen. Graham in the Creek war of 1814; member of the assemblv in 1848. Conover, 'Thomas A., com. U. S. N.. h. N.J., 1794 ; d. S. Amboy, N.J., Sept. 24, 1864. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1812; lient. Mar. 5, 1817 ; com. Feb. 28, 1838; capt. Oct. 2, 1848. His first cruise was in " The Essex," Cora. Porter. He was in Macdonough's fleet in the victory on Lake Champlain, Sept. 11, 1814. Com. the African squadron in 1857-9, and was made commo. on the retired list, July 16, 1862. Conrad, Charles M., statesman, b. Win- chester, Va., ab. 1804. While an infant, he was taken by his father to Mpi., and thence to La., where he has since resided. Adm. to the N. 0. bar in 1 828 ; served some years in the State legisl. ; U.S. senator in 1842-3 ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1844 ; M.C. from 1849 to Aug. 18.50; sec. of war under Pres. Fillmore from Aug. 15, 1850, to Mar. 7, 1853 ; served as a brig.-gen. in the rebel army ; mem- ber Confed. Congress, 1862-4. Conrad, Robert T., lawyer, politician, and man of letters, b. Phila., June 10, 1810; d. there June 27, 1858. Son of John, publisher and bookseller of Phila. Educated for the bar, his tastes led him to literature. Before he was 21, he wrote a ira- ■]•:. (",„„„/■,,, ami in 1832 pub. the /''/ ' / , VI. which was merged ,: / ' .Vhandon- ing this oeelipe) ai ll>ilu ,,i a' aiia in 1 S.34, he returned to the law; hecanie reeuriler of the Northern Liberties, and, in 1838, judge of the criminal sessions for the city and county of Phila. When the latter court was dissolved, he resumed the pen, edited Graham's ilagazine, and became asso. editor of the North American. Upon the consolidation of the districts with the city, he was elected mayor by the Whig and 214 American parties. In 1856, he was app. to the bench of the Quarter Sessions, serving in that capacity till the fall of 1857. In literature, he is best known by the tragedy of " Aylmere," purchased by Mr. Forrest, and in which that actor sustains the part of " Jack Cade." In 1852, Judge Conrad pub. a vol. entitled " Aylmere and Other Poems," the principal of which are " The Sons of the Wilderness," and a series of sonnets on the Lord's Prayer. Judge C. was also celebrated as a popular political speaker. Conrad, Timothy Abbott, naturalist, b. N.J., 1803. Member Imperial Soc. of Nat. Hi.st. of Moscow. Hai pub. " Fossil Shells of the Tcrtiarv Formations of the U.S.," 18.32; "X.xv I . ii W,r. I Slu'llsof the U.S.,"1836; ".Mh - ■ ill-.- U.S. ,"1838; "Paleon- to!iiL;\ i !i ! ' ilrstine lOxji." in./o?(r. ^rarf. yul. S J\,.: : ..I ■ The Pai-ific R. K. Survey inCal.," 1S.)1; of " Tin' Mrx. l!>.un.l:ir_v Suv- vev," lS54,and in " N.Y Stiiir .\iin, Kcport," 1840; "Monographv of llir I'li^.i.ulac of the U-S." 1836; N.Y. ( ;r..;.-J.:i| l;-]iuit, l,S37, and "New Fn-.l, Wat.-,- ShlK ,i„.l I'n.Mis of the U.S." ill SJ'.u,,,,-, ./..,:■ —.!//,',,.„., Contee, 1!i,-n.i.vmin, hd, riut-Kpis. clergyman; d. Charles Co., .Mil, Nov. 3, l^lj, a. 60. An officer in the 3d Md. l)atr. in 1776 ; a delegate to the Old Congress, 1787-8 ; MC. 1789-91; chief judge of the County Tes- tamentary Court. Converse, Charles Crozat (Karl Redcn, E. C. Kevons, and C. 0. Nevers, iioms lie plum,,); b. Warren, Ms, 1834; grad. in music, Leipsic, 1857, a.vl in law, 1 «'•.!. Author of "Spring and Holi l- " a i i, 1855; " New Method for thi' I ; 1 ■ '.Musi- cal Bouquet," 1850; ,i ..luaa, ila' 126th Psalm, 1860; "Sweet .Sia^er.' 1863; " Church Singer," 1863 ; " Sayings of Sages," \S63. — Alliboiie. Conway, Thomas, Count de, gen. in the Revol army, b. Ireland, Feb. 27, 1733; d. ab. 1800. Taken to France when 6 years old, he was educated there, attained the rank of col. and thedecoration of St. Louis ; and in 1777, on the recommendation of Silas Deane, came to the U.S.; made brig.-gcn. May 13, 1777, and led his brigade at Brandywine and Gerniantown; maj.-gen. and insp.-gen.. Dee. 13, 1777; resigned, 1778. Conway was one of the most active of the sectet enemies of Washington, and endeavored to elevate Gates to the supreme com , — a conspiracy known as the " Conway Cabal." His course made him unpopular ; and, much to his surprise, his res- ignation was accepted. In a duel with Gen. Cadwallader, July 4, 1778, receiving what he supposed a fatal wound, he wrote a letter of apology to Washington, containing the ex- pression, " You are, in my eyes, the great and good man." He recovered, returned to France, and in 1784 was marshal-decamp, and app. gov. of Pondieherry and all the French settle- ments in Hindostan. He desired, in 1788, to assist the Republican party in the Dutch set- tlements, but was prevented by the Marquis Cornwallis. When the French revol. broke out, he was obliged to fly ; and his life was saved only by the energetic efforts of the British n. a dau. of Baron de Copley, — See Ross's Life, of ,Corn- authorities. He marshal-de-camp. Conway, William, actor, b. London; d. 1828. Educated for the bar, his first appear- ance on the stage was at the Haymarket. He terminated a 3-years' engagement in 1816; starred till 1821, and, after an engagement the Haymarket, came to America 1823. After visiting the Western and Southei early in 1828 he took passage for Savannah) andj off Charleston bar, threw himself into tho sea, and was drowned. He possessed a cul- tivated mind, and in Coriolanus was excelled by Kemble alone. Conwell, Henrt, D.D., R.C. bishop of Phila., consec. Lond., Eng., 1820; d. Phila., Apr. 22, 1842, a. 91. Cony, Samuel, gov. of Me., 1864-7, h. Augusta, Mo., 27 Feb. 1811 ; d. there Sept. 5, 1870. B. U. 1829. Son of Gen. Samuel; grandson of Dr. Daniel. He began the prac- tice of law in 1832; member Me. legisl. 1835 and 1 SG2 ; member council, 1839; judge of ina.liai.', 1840-7; State treas. 1850-5; mayor of .Va-inta, 18.54. Cooke, Elisha, father and son, eminent politiLians of Ms. I. A phvsician, b. Bos- ton, Sept. 16, 1637; d. May 31, 1715. II.U. 1657. An assist, under the old govt., he was in 1689 the agent of Ms. in Eng. for the res- toration of her charter. He opposed the ac- ceptance of the new charter in 1691, and was in the exec, council from 1694 to 1703. He was for 40 years in places of public trust. II. An orator and politician, b. Boston, Dec. 20, 1678; d. Aug. 24, 1737. II.U. 1697. He was a representative to the Gen. Court, from 1713 to 1734 ; was a member of tho council in 1717, and a popular opponent of Gov. Shute. Rechosen in 1718, he was negatived by the gov., as al.so for the speaker's chair in 1720. Agent for Ms. in Eng. in 1723 ; member of the coimcil soon after his return in May, 1726; in 1730, ju^tice of C. C. P. Suflfolk Co. He was long the leader of the popular party, and pub. some political tracts. Cooke, George Frederick, actor, b. Eng., 17 Apr. 1756; d. N.Y. City, 26 Sept. 1812. A printer's a])prenlice. His fondness for the stage led him early into that career; he be- came a star at the provinci.il theatres ; was 3 years in Dublin, and, in (_)ct. 181)0, appeared at Covcnt Garden as Richard III., taking his place in the first rank of actors. He was also celebrated in Macbeth. lago, Shylock, Sir Pcr- tinax Macsycophant, c&c., and was ihe rival of John Kemble. Oct. 21, 1810, be ajip. as l{ich- ard at a N.Y. theatre. He attracted large au- diences there, and in Phila , Bait., and other cities, but, by his capricious and contemptuous eonduct,disgusted everybody, and finally, by his habitual intemperance and debauched habits, destroyed his constitution, and hastened his death. — See Cooke's Life, bii [Vm. Dunlap, 1812, and his novel, " Thirty Years Ayo," pub. 1836. Cook, Henry F., brig.-ge'n. C. S. A., b. Mpi.; killed at Bristow Station, Va., Oct. 14, 1863. In the Mex. war he was 1st lieut. in Jeff. Davis's regt. ; was disting. and wounded at 215 iipany C at Biicna Vista ; uiiiv in 1861, and rose by Montercv; com. joinoil tiieConfr surccsjive stops to hi i^'.-^cri. in 18b3. Cook, .lAMiiS, an illustnous Knglish navi- gator, b. Marton in Yorkshire, Oct. 27, 1728; •d. Feb. 14, 1779. Owing to the poverty of his parents, his cdncation was limited. He en- tered the merchant-service; in 175.5, embarked in " The Kagle," man of-war, obtained tlie notice of the capt., and was May 15, 1759, app. master of " The Murray," in which he joined the fleet en<;a^ed in the'siege of Quebec. Em- ployed to tako till- souiidiivjs of the fit. Law- ih -h well ; the 1 vices face ■ , of : I . i '. uroundiand, he, in 171. J, ; , - I ii„ Lilly in 1763, he went uiit, uitli Ci|.t. ijicivto, lo Newfound- land, as surveyor of its coasts, and in tlie fol- lowinn^ year accomp. Sir Hugh Pallisscr to Labrador and Newfoundland, as marine survey- or. Lieut, in 1768, he was app. to the com. of " The Endeavor," in whicli he sailed to Otaheite, accomp. by Mr. Banks and Dr. So- Innder to observe the transit of Venus in 1769. This object accomplished. Cook proceeded upon his voyage of discovery, and, after en- connteringm'any difficulties, '"' The Endeavor" arrived in Enir. on the 11th of June, 1771; and, on tlie 29th of Aug., Cook was made a capt. in the navy. After another voyage, com- menced the following year, in which many valuable discoveries were made, and which lasted 3 years, lie was promoted to the rank of post-captain, Aug. 9, 1775. In 1776, he re- ceivc.1 the Copleian gold medal from the Uoy. Soc. His tbiid and last cxped. had for its ob- ject to determine whether a maritime communi- cation existed between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in the arctic regions of the globe. Unhappily, while touching at Owhyhee, Cook was murdered by the natives. A medal in commemoration of him was struck by order of the Roy. Society. Cooke, Jay, financier, b. Sandusky, C, Aug. 10, 1821. Francis Cooke, the emig. ances- tor, came over in " The Mayfiower." Eleuthe- ros,liis father,a prominent iawver, and M.C. of Ohio, d. Dec. 28, 1864. Jav w'ent in 1838 to Piiila., entered the banking-house of E. W. Clark & Co., in which he became at 21 a part- ner; retired in 1858, and in 1861 established the firm of Jay Cooke & Co. By his energy and businesscapaeity, Mr. Cooke succeeded in popularizing the govt, loans, and thereby con- tributed inatcrinlly to the success o( the Union arms. Now (1871), of the banking firm of Cooke. MeCiiUoch, & Co., London. Cook, John, brig.-gen. vols., b. Belleville, III., June 12, 1825. Left an orphan with a large fortune at an early age, he entered the coll. at Jacksonville, but was not a graduate, and in 1855 was mayor of Springfield, Made col. 1st III. vols. April, 1861 ; and for gallantry at the capture of Fort Donelson, where he com. a brigade, was made brig.-gen. March 22, 1862. Cooke, John Esten, novelist, son of J. K. Cooke, b. Winchester, Va., Nov. 3, 1830. His family removed to Richmond in 1839, where he commenced the practice of law in 1851. He served in the Coiifed. army, first as a pri- vate of art., and afterward on the staff' of Stewart and other generals, throughout the war. He wrote a Life of Stonewall Jackson, which appeared in New York, as the work of John M. Daniel. Since the war, he has writ, ten nii.rli lor the XY. ]VurlJ. Author of "Faiihix," and " Mohan," "Hilt to Hilt," "Uainiiir ami Kapler," " Out of the Foam," Comedians," and"' Tli.. V.,i In 1855, he pub. " E.la , .,, i in 'l858, "Henry St. .I.il.n, Virginia ll'erson." II Come- rs," and n." He IJlerarji her peri- , among Messenger, Harpas' M odicals. He has aIm. them a tribute to Dr. E. K. K Cooke, John H., brig.-gen. in the War of 1812; d. Richmond, Va., June, 1866, a. 86. He was a successful farmer and vigorous agri- Cooke, J'liiN P., composer and musician, b. nir,t-r, Knu., 1S20; ,1. X.V. City, 4 Nov. 18i;."). Kis lailar was a iiiuMciaii and actor. After leading the orchestra of the Adelphi, the Strand, and Astley's London, he came in 1850 to N.Y. as leader at Burton's Theatre. He composed and arranged the music for the Winter's Tale, Midsummer Night's Dream, and other Shaksperian plays ; also for the Sea of Ice, and furnished many other compositions of merit. Cooke, Joseph Platt, delegate to the Old Congress, 1784-8, b. Ct., 1730 ; d. Danbu- ry, Ct., 1816. Y.C. 1750. " Cooke, Nicholas, gov. of R.I., b. Provi- dence, Feb. 3, 1717 ; d. Sept. 14, 1782. Dep. gov. from May to Oct. 1775; gov. of R.I. from Oct. 1775 until May, 1 778. " He merited and won the approbation of his fellow-citizens, and was honored with the friendship and con- fidence of Washington:" such is the inscrip- tion upon his monument in Providence bury- ing-ground. Cooke, Parsons, D.D., Cong, clerjvman and writer, b. Hadley, Ms., Feb. 18, 1800; d. Lynn, Ms.. Feb. 12, 1864. Wms. Coll. 1822. He studied theology. June 26, 1826, he was ord. pastor of a newly-organized church in Ware, Ms. ; removed to Portsmouth in 1836, and, a few months after, became pastor of the First Church at Lynn, remaining there until he died. In 1840, he edited the N. E. Puritan, and subsequently the Boston Recorder. An active controversialist, he pub. in 1829 a ser- mon on " The Exclusiveness of Unitarian- ism," and was constantly in controversy with the new-school Calvinisric Congrogationalists, or other religious denominations. Cooke, Phillip Pendleton, poet, son of J. K. Cooke, b. Martinsburg, Va., Oet. 26, 1816; d. Jan. 20, 18.50. N. J. Coll. 1834. Adm. to the bar in 1837. He pub. several poems in the Knickerbocker Magazine, contrib. to the Southern Lit. Messenger, and in 1847 pub. "Froissart Ballads, and Other Poems." At the time of his death, he was publishing coo 216 coo serially " The Chevalier Merlin," an historical prose poem. His best pieces are the short Ivrics," Florence Vane," " To My Daughter Lily," and " Rosa Lee." The first of them has been translated into many languages, and taken as a theme for music by celebrated com- posers. — AppJfton's New Amer. Cyd. Cooke, Philip St. George, l)rev. maj.- gen. U.S.A., b. Berkeley Co., Va., 1809. West Point, 1827. Adj. 6th Inf. at battle of the Bad Axe; capt. May 31, 1835; lieut.-col. com. butt, c.f vols, in Hex. war, 18«-7, in C;il.: ^■.^A 21 Hi.i - .liiFc-l,. 1S47; l.irv. lirut - 1S4: col. Army, pai'lii'iilnily i)i tlie siege of Vorktown, and battles of Williamsburg, Gaines's Mill, and Glendale. Author of "Scenes and Adven- tures in the Army," Phila., 1856. — Culluin. Cook, RussELD S., Cong, clergyman, b. N. Marlboro', Ms., March 6, 1811 ; d. Pleasant Valley, N.Y., Sept. 4, 1864. He studied at the Auburn Theol. Sem., and was settled over the eluireh at Lanesboro', Ms., in 1836-8. Losing his voice, he connected himself with the Tract Socictv, of which he was a sec. from 1839 to 1856. Devoting himself to the system of American colportage, he was instru- mental in placing religious reading in almost every dwelling in the land, still further aiding *he objects of the society by estal>lishing the American Messcnrjer in 18'43. Visiting Europe in 1853 and in 1856, he succeeded m estab- lishing the colporter enterprise in Scotland. — Applelon's Ann. Ci/clop., 1864. Cook, Thomas, R.C. bishop of Three Rivers, Canada, from 1852 ; d. Montreal, 30 Apr. 1870, a. 78. Cook, W. H., M.D., b. N.Y. City, 1832. Prof, therap. in Phys. Med. Coll., O. Au- thor of "Treatise on Dysentery," 1855; " Principles and Practice of Physio. Med. Surgery," Cincin., 8vo, 1857. Cookman, George G., Moth, preacher, b. Kingston-upon-HuU, Eng., 1800; lost at sea March, 1841, in the steamer "President." In 1821, he came to the U.S. on business, but obtained a license to preach ; went to Phila. in 1825, and, at the ensuing session of thp Phila. conference, was adm. into the travelling con- nection. In 1833, he was transferred to the Bait, conference, and was twice chaplain to Congress. His preaching was nervous and elegant, and attracted large crowds. A vol. of his speeches was pub. 18mo, by the Meth. B.C. Cooley, Dr. Abiel a., inventor of fric- tion-matches; d. Hartford, Ct.,Aug. 18,1858, a. 76. He was also the inventor of one of the ; power-pn well as of 1 genious shingle-machine, and was the fir: apply the cam-movement to pumps. Cooley, James Ewisg, b. Ms., I Pub. " The American in Egypt," &c., in 1839- 40, 8vo, N.Y., 1842. Cooley, Thomas M., jurist, b. Attica, N.T., 6 Jan. 1824. Removed to Mich, in 1843; was adm. to the bar at Adrian in 1846, where he, settled permanently in 1848. In 1857, he was app. to compile the statutes of Mich., which were pub. in 2 vols. Reporter of the Supreme Court, 1858-64, and pub. 8 vols, of reports ; Jay prof, of law in Mich. U. since 1850, and, since 1864, a justice of the Supreme Court. He has also pub. a " Digest of Mich. Re- ].niis," 1866, and a "Treatise on Constitu- ti'MKil Limitations of the Legis. Power of the Stills-." IS68. — Lanman. Coolidge, Carlos, LL.D. (Mid. Coll. 1849), gov. of Vt, 1849-51, b. Windsor, Vt., 1792; d. there Aug. 15, 1866. Mid. Coll. 1811. He practised law in Windsor .52 years; was State atty. for the Co. in 1831-6 ; repre- sentative, 1834-7 and 1839-42; speaker in 1836 and 1839-42; and senator, is:,:,-:. Coombe, Thomas, D.l). (Dul,. U. ITsi), I'r.-Ep. divine and loyalist, b. Phila., 1747 : d. London, 15 Aug. 1822. Phila. Coll. 1766. Ord. by the bishop of London in 1769. App. chaplain to the Marquis of Rockingham in 1771 ; app. assist, min. of Christ Church, Phila., in 1772, but was removed f.,1 In^ 1,1.111; went to Eng. in 1779 ; lieraiu .,,,,: nn- dinary to the king in 1794 ; I 1 ' : i - terbury in 1800, and, in isn^, 1 ,[,,r ,,, ^t. Michael's Queenhithe. Many year.s minister of Curzon-st. Chapel, an impressive speaker, and a disting. scholar. He pub. sermons, and " The Peasant of Auburn," a poem, 1783. — Geiils' Mcy., 1822. Cooper, Benjamin, commo. U.S.N., b. N. J. ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., June 1, 1850, a. 57. He entered the service, Jan. 16, 1809, and '■Til,' ll,„n„t," in ih,>a,!i,>n with "The Pea- co.-k." l-'rl,. :;4, isl:',. I,i,-ut. Dec. 9, 1814; maMer, Apr. -24, ls_>s ; rapt. 28 Fcl). 1838. Cooper, Geough; H., capt. U.S.N., b. N.Y., July 27, 1821. Midshipm. Aug. 14, 1837 ; lieut. May 8, 1851 ; com. July 16, 1862 ; capt. Dec. 2, 1867. He served in the Florida war in 1837, and in the Mexican war, 1846-7; present at Tabasco, Alvarado, and Tuspan ; com. supply steamer "Massachusetts," 1862; steamer " Mercedita," S A.B. squad., 1863 ; was 7 weeks in com. of monitor "Sangamon, "inside of Charleston Roads, on picket-duty, constant- ly shelling Fort Sumter and the batteries on Sullivan's Island ; stationed at Stono Inlet, S.C., co-operating with the army, and fre- quently engaged; com. steamer "Sonoma," S.A.B. squad., 1863-4; steamer " Glaucus," E.G.B. squad., 1864-5 ; steamer " Winooskie," special service, 1866-7. Cooper, James, brig.-gen. vols., b. Fred- erick Co., Md., Mav 8, 1810 ; d. Columbus, O., Mar. 28, 1863. Wash. Coll., Pa., 1831. He studied law with Thaddeus Stevens; was adm. to the bar in 1834 ; was M.C. in 1839-43, and a leading advocate of the tariff of 1842 ; mem- ber of the State legisl. in 1843-6 and 1847, when he was speaker, introducing and carrying through, after a violent struggle, measures to relieve the credit of the State, then on the verge coo 217 coo of permanent repudiation ; travelled in Europe in 1847 ; was made atty.-gen.'in 1848, and U.S. senator from 1849 to 1855. In politics, he was a Whig. Authorized in 1861 to raise a brigade of loyal Marylanders, he was app. brig.-gen. May 11, 1861, and served in Va. un- der Fremont. Cooper, James B., commander U.S.N., b. Bucks Co., Pa., Mar. 6, 1753; d. Haddonfield, N.J., Feb. 5, 1854. He was a capt. in Lee's Legion in the Kevol. War ; was at Stony Point and Paulus Hook, Guilford Court House, and Eutaw Springs ; was a sailing-master in the navy in the War of 1812, and served through the war; lieut. Apr. 22, 1822; commander, Sept. 8, 1841. Cooper, James Fenimoke, novelist, b. Burlington, N. J., 15 Sept. 1789; d. Coopers- town, N.Y., 14 Sept. 1851. Son of Judge Wra. He studied at Yale, but did not grad- uate, and in 1811, after G years' service in the navy, jn. a Miss De Lanccy, and settled at Mamaroneck, N.Y. His first work, " Precau- tion," pub. anonymously in 1821, was followed by " TheSpy," "'The Pioneer," 1823, and "The Leather-stocking Tales," which gave him great popularity. This was increased by his sea- novels, "Tlie Pilot," " Red Kover," " Water Witch," " Two Admirals," " Wing and Wing," &c., and by " The Bravo," " Heidcn-, maur," and " Headsman," pub. during a visit to Europe, in 1826-33. Alter his return, lie pub. " Letter to his Countrymen," " Home- ward Bound,'' and " Home as Found," which somewhat lessened his popularity. Besides oth- er works of fiction, he wrote a " History of the U.S. Navy," 2 vols., 8vo ; " Battle of Lake Erie," 1843 ; " Livesof Amer. Naval Officers," 2 vols., 12mo; 6 vols, of " Gleanings in Eu- rope," " Sketches of Switzerland," and a com- edy performed at Burton's Theatre, N.Y., in 1850. The latter part of his life was irabittered by quarrels and lawsuits with the editorial fra- ternity. His later productions were unworthy the high fame which Mr. Cooper justly de- served and enjoyed. Cooper, MVLES, LL.D. (Oxf. U. 1768), scholar and clergyman, b. Eng., 1735; d. Edinburgh, May I, 17S5. Oxford U. 1760. Afterward a Fellowof Queen's Coll. In 1761, he pub. at Oxford, by subscription, a vol. of poems. In 1762, he came to Amer., on the nomination of Archbishop Seeker, as assist. of Dr. Samuel Johnson, pres. of Col. Coll., whom he succeeded in that office. May, 1763. In 1771, he visited Eng. ; and on his return to N.Y., on the breaking-out of the Revol., Cooper was active on the Tory side, and is said to have had a hand in the tract, " A Friendly Address to all Reasonable Ameri- cans," &c., which one of his pupils, young Alex. Hamilton, answered with signal ability. Be- coming exceedingly obnoxious to the Whigs, in Apr. 1775 he and his friends received a sig- nificant hint from a pub. letter, signed " Three Millions," to fly for their lives. On the night of May 10, after destroying the guns on the bat- tery, the mob proceeded to expel him from the coll. He escaped on board an English ship of war, in which he sailed to Eng. A poem commemorating this event was pub. by him in tlie Gents' Maij. for July, 1776. Dee. 13. 1776, he preached a sermon before the U. of Oxford, " On the Causes of the Present Rebel- lion in Amer.," which gave rise to much con- troversy between the Whig and Tory parties of the day. He was, until hisdeccase, oneof the ministers of the English Chapel in Edinburgh. He was a man of taste and learning; advocated, in an "Address to the Episcopalians of Va.," the app. of bishops for the Colonies. He pub. in 1774 "The Amer. Querist."— PuycKnc/k. Cooper, Petee, a benevolent and enter- prising manuf, b. N. Y. City, Feb. 12, 1791. His maternal grandfather, John Campbell, was mayor of N. Y., and dep. quarterm.-gen. dur- ing the Revol. war. His father, also a Revol. officer, established a hat manuf., in which Peter assisted him. He afterward learned coaeh- making, the manuf of cabinet-ware, then the grocery business, and finally engaged in the manuf of glue and isinglass, about 1828. In 1830, ho erected extensive iron-works at Can- ton, near Baltimore. He next erected a roll- ing and wire mill in the city of N. Y., in which he first successfully applied anthracite to the paddling of iron. In 1845, he removed the machinery to Trenton, N.J., where he erected the largest rolling-mill then in the U. S. for the manuf. of railroad-iron, and there first rolled wrought-iron beams for fire-proof build- ings. At Baltimore, he built the first locomo- tive-engine on this continent. Pres. of the N. y., Newfoundland and London Teleg. Co. ; pres. of the Amer. Teleg. Co., and of the N. A. Teleg. Assoc. He has sei-ved in both branches of the N. Y. common council, and was a prom- inent advocate of the construction of the Cro- tou aqueduct. In pursuance of his great object, the education and elevation of the industrial classes, the " Union for the Advancement of Science and Art" commonly called the Cooper Institute, has been established in N. Y., at the intersection of 3d and 4th Avenues, at a cost of over S500,000, devoted, with all its rents and profits, to the instruction and elevation of the working-classes of N. Y. It includes a school of design for females, evening courses of in- struction for mechanics and apprentices in the application of the sciences to the business of life, a free reading-room, galleries of art, and collections of modern inventions, and a poly- technic school. Cooper, Samuel, D.D. (U. of Edinburgh, 1767), an eminent divine and patriot, b. Bos- ton, Mar. 28, 1725; d. Dec. 29, 1783. H. U. 1743. Son of the Rev. William. At the age of 20, he commenced preaching in the Brattle- st. Church, where he was ord. colleague with Dr. Colman, May 21, 1746, continuing his min- istry until his death. He took an early and decided part in the politics of his time. In 1754, he wrote the " Crisis," in opposition to the "Excise Act" then in contemplation. From the time of the Stamp Act, some of the best political pieces in the Boston Gazette were from his pen. The letters of Gov. Hutchinson were sent him by Dr. Franklin, with an injunction not to allow their publication. He placed them in the hands of a friend, whose disregard of the prohibition, though a breach of private con- fidence involving serious consequences, was a 218 great public benefit. Dr. Cooper was a mem- ber of sevcnil religious and literary societies, and was the first vice-pros, of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, lie was remarkable in prayer, in the taste and elc^'ance of his ser- mons, and as a critic, and was the esteemed corri'sp. of many disting. Europeans. Cooper, Gen. Samdel, jun., b. N. Y., ab. 1796. West Point, 181.'). Aide-de-camp to Gen. Macomb from May, 1828, to 1836; capt. 11 June, 1836 ; assist, adj.-gen. July 7, 1838; chief of staff to Col. Worth in Florida war, 1841-2, and in ac-lioii,>l I M,,l,,iL.,l,a, 19 Apr. 1842 ; lirev. ((.L " lot i : , irliict in the war with M''xi'i.," V ■ i-; :tiij.-gen. of the army, July I.}, l-<-J: .v,i:„ ,[ M,,reh 7, standing; first in its list of generals. Bro.-in- law of J. M. Mason of Va., formerly U. S. senator. Author of "Conei.se System of In- struction for the Militia and Vols, of U. S.," Phila., 1836.— .Cu«u»i. Cooper, SOS.4IJ Fenimoee, b. 1815, eld- est dau of tlie novelist, and author of " Rural Hours," 1850; "Ithymeand Reason of Coun- try Lite," I854-; an annotated edition of an English work, the "Journal of a Naturalist," 1852 ; and, in 1858, a beautiful little tribute to the character of Washington, given in aid of the fund for the pun base of Mt. Vernon. She has also coiitrib. to various popular periodi- cals. Cooper, Thomas, M.D., LL.D., natural philoso|dier, politician, and author, b. London, Oct. 22, 1759; d. Columbia, S.C, May 11, 1839. Educated at O.xford, he afterward stud- ied law and medicine; was adm. to the bar, and travelled a circuit for a few years, and, with Watt the inventor, was sent by the Dcmoc. clubs of Eng. to those of France, where he sided with the Girondists. Called to account for this by Mr. Burke in the house of com- mons. Cooper replied with a violent pamphlet. While in France, he had learned to make chlo- rine from common salt; and he became a bleacher and calico-printer in Manchester, but was unsuccessful. In 1795, he established him- self as a lawyer in Ph., whither his friend Priest- ley had also emigrated. Uniting himself with the Democrats, he violently attacked Pres. Ad- ams in a newspaper in 1799; was tried for libel, and sentenced to 6 months' imprisonment and a fine of $400. He became a land com- missioner in 1806, and overcame the ditficulties with the Ct. claimants in Luzerne Co., but, being made judge, became obno.^ions to mem- bers of his own parly, and was removed in 1811, on a charge of arbitrary conduct. He was an efficient supporter of the administrations of Jef- ferson. JUiJison, and Monroe. He successively occupied the chair of chemistry in Diek. Coll., in tlie U. of Pa., and in Col. Coll., S. C, be- coming jjres. of the latter in 1820, discharging also the duties of prof, of chemistry and politi- cal economy. On his retirement in 1834, he was app. to revise the State statutes, 4 vols, of which ho had completed when he died. He possessed great versatility and extensive knowl- edge, displaying, as a lecturer, great erudition, and was an admirable talker. In philosophy, he was a materialist, and in religion a free- thinker. In the nullification contest, he was an ultra State-rights'* man. He pub. " Informa- tion Concerning America," Loud., 1794; a collection of political essays, reprinted from a Phila. newspaper in 1800; a translation of the "Institutes of Justinian," 1812; a work on " Med. Jurisprudence," 1819 ; 2 of the 5 vols, of " Emporium of Arts and Sciences," Phila., 1812-14; "Lectures on the Elements of Polit. Economv," Charleston, 1 820 ; " Letters on the Slave Trade," 1787; " Tracts, Ethical, Theo- logical, and Political," 1790; "The Bankrupt Law of America compared with that of Eug.," Phila., 8vo, 1801; "Account of the Trial of Thomas Cooper of Northumberland," 1800; "Introd. Lecture at Carlisle Coll.," 1812; " Observations on the Writings of Priestley ; " two Essavs, " Foundation of Civil Govt.," and "On the' Constitution of the U. S.," 1826; an 1 many vigorous polit. pamphlets. Cooper, TuoMAS Apthorpe, actor, b. Lond., 1776; d. Bristol, Pa., Apr. 21, 1849. He received a good education ; became the ward of Holcroft and Wm. Godwin on the death of his father, and at 17 made his d&ut upon the stage in Stephen Kemble's company at Edin- burgh. In 1795, he appeared with success at Covent Garden, as Hamlet and Macbeth, and Dec. 9, 1796, made his delmt in Phila., with .Wignell's company, as Hamlet. Ho soon ob- tained a considerable reputation as a tragedian, and in 1802 returneil to Eng., where, for nearly 3 years, he was one of the chief actors on the London boards. Returning to the U.S. in Nov. 1804, he soon after became a lessee of the N.Y. theatre. In 1810, he again visited Eng. He continued on the stage until late in life. App. military storekeeper at Frankford, Pa., in 1841, by Pres. Tyler, whose son m. Cooper's dau. He was some years insp. to the N.Y and Phila. custom-houses. He was 6 feet in height, and possessed a remarkably fine per- son. Cooper, William, clergyman, b. Boston, 1094; d. there Dec. 13, 1743. H.U. 1712. Ord.23 May, 1716, colleague pastorwith Mr. Colraan of Brattle Street, Boston, where ha preached till his death. In 1737, he was chosen pres. of H.U., but declined the trust. He excelled in prayer, and was an eminent preacher, having a pleasing voice and an im- pressive elocution. Author of " Predestiiuuion Explained and Vindicated," 1740, rcpub. in 1804, and a number of sermons. William his son, 49 years town-clerk of Boston, and an eminent patriot of the Revol., d. Boston, Nov. 28, 1809, a. 89. Coote, Sir Eyre, a British- gen. ; d. Dec. 10, 1823, a. 66. Nephew of the celebrated Sir Evre Coote. Ensi-n 37th regt. Apr. 15, 1774; lieut. July, 1776; capt. Aug. 10, 1 778 ; mnj. 47ih, Feb. 20, 1783; col. Jan. 21, 1796; m.tj -gen. 1798; lieut.-gen. 1805; gen. Juno, 1814. He served at the battle of Brooklyn, L.I., at the reduction of Fort W.ashington, and in the expeds. to R.I. and the Chesapeake, the battles of Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, and the attack on Mud Island. He was present at the siege of Charleston, the campaign in Va., and was taken at Yorktown. He served under Gen. Grey in the W. Indies in 1793-5; was 219 COR severely wounded in the Ostend exped. in 1798, and served under Abercrombie in Efjypt. On his return to Eng., he received thanks of p;ir- liaraent, the order of the Bath, and afterward the Turkish order of the Crcseunt. Lieut.- gov. of Jamaica, 1803-8. Publicly disgraced, and deprived of all rank, in consequence of an abominable act committed in one of the chari- table institutions of En-land. — Pldllpart, &c. Cope, Thomas Pvm, merchant, b. Lan- caster Co., Pa., Aug. 26, 17C8; d. Phila., Nov. 22, 1854. Son of Caleb, a Quaker of Lancas- ter, Pa., who protected Andre from a mob, while a prisoner in 1775. Said to be maternal- ly descended from John Pym. He entered a counting-house in Phila. in 1786; began on his own account in 1790, importing his own goods; established in 1821 tjje first line of packets between Phila. and Liverpool, and ac- quired great wealth. He was active in allevi- ating the small-pox sufferers in 1797 ; was a a racmbsr of the city council ab. 1800 ; an effi- cient member of the committee for introducing water into the city ; served in the State Icgisl. in 1807, and in the State Const. Conv. ; was pres. of tire Board of Trade and the Mercantile Library Co., and was an executor of Girard's will, and a trustee of the bank, and subse- quently a director of the Girard Coll. He was also an efficient worker in completing the Ches- apeake and Del. Canal, and in securing the construction of tlie Pa. Railroad. Edwaisu D. Cope, naturalist, author of " The Origin of Genera," " Extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of N.A.," " Our Own Birds of the U.S.," &c., is a grandson of Thos. P., and son of Alfred. — See lliinl's Amer. Merchimts ; Simpson. Copley, John Singleton, painter, b. Boston, July 3, 17.37 ; d. Lond., Sept. 9, 181.3. Like West, he was self-taught ; and some of his pieces executed at Boston, and, to use his own words, " before he had seen any tolerable pic- ture," were unsurpassed by his later productions. After acquiring considerable reputation, par- ticularly by his portraits (among which are those of Samuel Adams, Thos. Hancock and lady, W. W. Boylston, Judge Tyng. Judge Foster, Mrs.D. Sargent, &c.), he, in 1774, pro- ceeded by way of Eng. to Rome, where he arrived in Aug., and returned to Lond., with the intention of settling there, late in 1775, where he was joined by liis wife and children, and devoted himself to port, painting. He was introduced by West to the Roy. Acad., of wliich he was adm. an associate in 1777. His historical paintings soon rendered his name famous, and procured for it, in 1783, the hon- orable addition of R. A. His first and most popular composition was " The Death of the Earl of Chatham." He afterwards produced " The Death of ILijor Pior>on," ■' Tiie Siege of Gibraltar," "Tlii- Arrest of the Five Mem- bers, by CMiarles the First," " l)c Wiimr's De- feat by Admiral Duncan," and sketched, but left unfinished, a picture on the subject of Nel- son's fall at Trafalgar, &c. He also painted many portraits, his last work being a portrait of his son, Lord Lyndhnrst. He m. the dan. of Richard Clarke,'one of the consignees of the tea destroyed in 1773. His dan. Elizab. m. Gardiner 'Greene of Boston, d. there 1 Feb. 1866, a. 95. Copley was peculiar both in man- ner and dress. As an artist, his chief merit consists in his coloring and drawing. Copp^e, Henrv, LL.D. (U. of Pa., and Un. Coll., 1866), author, b. Savannah, Ga., Oct. 15, 1821. West Point, 1845 He was at Y.C. in 1836-7. Was 3 years a student of civil engineering, and employed in the con- struction of the Central Railroad from Savan- nah to Macon, Ga. He served through the Mexican war, and was brev. capt. for the battles of Cuutreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847 ; rcsii^nl "n.Tuii. 1^-,,-,. From 1848 to 1855, heu:i~ : II Freneh, and assist, prof. ofeiiii ,i 1 , I .studies, at West Point. Prof .it li. Ill, Mil,-; ill the U. of Pa., 1855- 66 ; since then president of Lehigh U., Bethle- hem, Pa. Member of several scientific and historical societies. He has pub. " Elements of Logic," 1838; "Elements of Rhetoric," 1859; "Select Academic Speaker," 1861; "Field Manual of Evolutions of the Line," 1861 ; " Field Manual of Battalion Drill," 1861 ; "Field Manual of Courts-Martial," 1863; ' Grant and his Ca ipaigns. , transla- of Marmont's "Esprit dex Iiislitiilions Militalres," 18G2; he has edited the " Gallery of Famous Poets," " Songs of Praise," 1866 ; " Gallery of Famous Poetesses," 1839-60. In 1864-6, he edited the U.S. Service Magazine. — Duf/ckincL Copway, Geokge (Kah-ge-ga-gah-bowk), an Ojiliwnv chief. Has pub. " Acts of the Apos- tles in Ojibwnv Lang.," 1838 ; " The Ojibway Conquest," 1850; "Life and Travels" (by himself), 6th ed.. 1847 ; " History and Sketches of the Ojibway Nation," illustrated by Darley, 1851, and "Organization of a New Indian Terr.," &c., 1850. Coram, Thomas, a philanthroiiie English mariner, b. ah. 1667 ; d. London, March 9, 1751, a. 84. Having been master of a mer- chant-vessel trading to the American Colonies, he is usually styled Capt. Coram. He set- tled in Taunton, Ms., ab. 1692, and owned a farm on the river, now within the limits of Berkeley, where he constructed vessels, probably for the "Newtoundland fishery. He is styled " shipwright of Boston," in Prov. Laws, act of Apr. 16, 1701 . He left in 1703, and gave his farm toward erecting an Episcopal church in Taunton. He was the projector of the Found- ling Hospital, in promoting the establishment of which he scdnously exerted himself during many years, till he had procured a royal char- ter for the institution. He also promoted the settlement of Ga. and Nova Scotia; and, through his advice, a bounty was given on naval stores imported from the "Colonics. Alter he relinquished his profession, his time was wholly employed in contriving and executing various schemes of public utility. He seems to have neglected his private affairs ; and, towards the close of his life, a subscription was raised for liis support. — Drake's Baylies's New Pli/m. Corbin, Thomas G., capt. U.S.N., b. Va., Aug. 13, 1820. Midshipm. May 15, 1838; lieut. June 10, 1852; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866. Attached to steam frig- ate " Wabash," S. Atl. block, squad., 1861-3 ; at the capture of Forts Beauregard and Walk- COR er, Port Hoyal, Nov. 7, 1861 ; com. of mid- shipm. at Navul Acad., 1863; steamer "Au- gusta," 1864-5 ; fleet-capt. W.I. squad., 1865- 6 ; steam sloop " Guerriere," flag-ship S.A. squad., 1868. — Hamersly. Corcoran, Michael, brig.-gen. vols., b. CaiTowkill Co., Sligo, Ireland, Sept. 21, 1827 ; d. Dec. 22, 186-3, near Fairfax C H., Va. He came to America in 18+9, obtained a clerkship in the N.Y. City post-office, and first came into public notice as col. of the 69th N.Y. militia. On the call fur troops, April, 1861, he took the field witli his com., and disting. himself highly at ilie lir-t li.ittlc- of IJiill run, where he was wuiniilrcl, and taken ]iri>.>ncr. He was confined snoc. ssivrly at Uirhmond, Charleston, Colum- bia, Salisbury, N.C., and other places, and was one of the officers selected for execution, had the Federal authorities carried out tlieir threats of ]iunisliing the crews of captured Confederate privateers as pirates. Exchanged Aug. lo, 1862, he was made brig.-gen., dating from July 21,1861. He afterward recruited an "Irish Legion," and served in N.C., at the battles of the Nausemond River and Sufiblk, in April, 1862, and checked the advance of the enemy upon Norfolk. He died of injuries received by a fall from his horse. Cordova, FRA^•CISC0 Fekxandez de, discoverer of Mexico; d. 1518. Feb. 8, 1517, this navigator sailed from Cuba with Juan Ala- minas, a pilot who had accomp. Columbus in his fourth voyage, steered for the continent, and in March ranged the coast of Yucatan, where he lost many men in his various encounters with the natives. It appears certain that Cor- dova left two of his companions in this region; for in 1518, when Grijaloa explored the coun- try, he was informed that one of them survived, but was unable to procure his release. After exploring the coast, and remarking the grand monumental structures of Yucatan, he was forced by a tempest to abandon its shores. He visited Fla. 5 years after the exped. of Ponce De Leon, and, on returning to Cuba, d. ten days after his arrival, of wounds received from the natives. Cordova, Jose M., a Colombian gen., b. Antoquia, New Granada, 1747 ; killed at San- tuario, Oct. 17, 1829. The son of a rich mer- chant of the Spanish party, Cordova, on the contrary, when 15 years of age, joined the In- dependents. His conduct at the battle of Boyaca, Aug. 8, 1819, gained for him, from Bolivar the victor, the rank of col. ; and he was charged with the cxpuUion of the royalists from Antoquia. This duty he successfully per- formed ; and his first care was to levy on his father the sum of 10,000 piastres. His exactions occasioned his recall, and he disting. himself anew in many combats on the banks of the Magdalina. By a skilful manoeuvre he captured a Spanish fleet of 27 vessels at anchor in the port of Teneriffi;, and, after a bloody battle, took possession of the town. Named general, Cordova was in the Colombian division left by Bolivar in Peru. Dec. 9, 1824, Cordova took the greatest share in the victory of Ayacuclio, and he was named gen. of division on the field of battle. Covering his ambition with the pre- text of establishing a federal govt., Cordova conspired many times against Bolivar, and openly revolted" in Aug. 1829, but found few partisans. Hunted at Santuario, Oct. 17, hy the united forces of Andradu, Ureta, and O'Leary, he defended him.self with vigor, but fell at length, covered with wounds. Coreal (ko-raal'), Francisco, a Spanish traveller, b. Cartagena, 1648; was in the W. Indies in 1666-97, and left an interesting nar- rative, which was pub. in French in 3 vols., 1722. Corlet, Elijah, an earlv teacher of Cam- bridge, Ms., b. Loud.. 1611 ;" d. Feb. 24, 1687. Oxford U. 1627. He taught the grammar school at C. 46 years. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel compensated him for preparing Indian scholars for the university. N. Walter pub. an elegy on his death, in blank verse. Cornbury, Edwaed Hyde, lord, gov. of N.Y. ; d. Lond., Apr. I, 1723. Son of the 2d Earl of Clarendon, and one of the first of the household troops to go over to the Prince of Orange. In return, he was made gov. of N.Y., where he arrived, May 3, 1702. He was ra- pacious and bigoted to such a degree as to have left the memory of the worst gov. ever app. to the Colony. He imprisoned two ministers sent out from Lond., for preaching without license. It was not unusual for him to dress in women's costume, and then patrol the fort in which he resided. He earned the contempt, as well as the hatred, of the colonists. He was removed from office in 1703, when his creditors bad him taken into custody, but, after the death of his father, returned to Eng., and succeeded to the earldom. Cornelius, Elias, D.D., educator and misbionarv, b. Somers, N.Y. 1795; d. Hart- ford, Ct., Feb. 12, 1832, Y.C.1813; His father, surgeon's mate of Col. Angell's regt., and at one time an inmate of the "Jersey" prison- ship, d. Somers, N.Y., June 13, 1823, a. 65. He studied theology, and in 1816 became an agent of the A. B. C. F. M., and visited the Cherokee and Chickasaw Indians. The winter of 1818 was spent at N. Orleans in the employ of the Missionary Society of Ct. Installed colleague with Dr. Worcester at Salem in July, 1819, he was dismissed in Sept 1826, having been app. see. of the Amer. Education Society. In Oct. 1831, he was chosen sec. of the A. B. C. F. M. Contrib. to the Quarterly Journal, and pub. annual reports of the Educa- tion Society. — See Memoir, by B. B. Edwards, 1833. Cornell, Gen. Ezekiel, Revol. officer of Scituate, R.I. App. in 1775 lieut.-eol. of Hitch- cock's regt. ; present at the siege of Boston; dep. adj.-gen. Oct. 1, 1776, and subsetjuently brig.-gen. and com. of the brigade of State troops ; in service 3 years and 3 mos. ; disb. Mar. 16, 1780. This force was of great service in protecting the State during the British oc- cupation. Member of the Com. Congress, 1780-3, and chairman of the military commit- tee. He was a mechanic before the war, Init was self-educated, and established a valuable library in his native town. Cornell, Wm. Mason, M.D., D.D. (JefF. Coll. 1864), LL.D. (West. U. 1863), b. Berke- COR 221 ley, Ms., 16 Oct. 1802. B.U. 1827. Ord. 19 Jan. 1830; pastor 1st Cong. Clnuch, Wood- stock, Ct., 1832-4, and of the Tiinit. Church, Qiiiney, 18.34-9. IK- thin ^.twHcd medicine, and since 1845 ha^ in- ,':;!!. in Boston. Author of some innl > n iil icmtrib.to many med.andrcli J i : - Editorof the Journal of Jli I, ' • i , and became a lecturer and tiitm , i \ . Iniu, he became vicar of St. lietM < . , i;,,s- ton, Lincolnshire, where Im mi , i _■! nars he was a noted preacher ami ..;: .i: .ili^t, inclining toward the I'uriiau uui.^i.p. Cued to appear before Archbishop Laud fur not kneeling at the sacrament, he fled to London, and thence to America, landing in Boston, Sept. 4, 1633. Oct. 17, he was ord. colleague with Mr. Wilson, and teacher of the Boston Church. For 19 years, he was so influential as to have been called the patriarch of New England. In 1642, he was invited, together with Hooker and Davenport, to assist the assembly of divines at Westminster, and was in favor of accepting the invitation, but was dissuaded by Hooker, who was himself forming a system of church govt, for New England. His death was brought on by exposure in crossing the ferry to Cam- brige, where he was going to preach. He was a man of learning, a critic in Greek, wrote Latin with elegance, and could discourse in He- brew. Simple and plain in his discourses, he was exceedingly eflFective in exciting attention to religion. His publications were numerous, mostly sermons and controversial works, the most important being his controversy with Roger Williams, and his " Power of the Keys," on the nature of church government. He de- fended, against Roger Williams, the interfer- ence of the civil power in religious affairs for the support of truth. A monumental tablet, with a Latin inscription by Edward Everett, was erected in St. Botolph's Church, Boston, Eng., in 1857, in his honor, chiefly by contri- butions from his descendants in Boston. A memoir, by John Norton, with notes by Prof. Enoch Pond, was pub. Boston, 18.34. His son Seahokn (U. C. 1651) was minister of Hamp- ton, N.H., IOIiO-86. Cotton, JouN, b. Boston, Mar. 13, 1640; d. Cliarlcstun, S.C, Sept. 18, 1699. Minister of Plymouth, Ms., from June 30, 1669, to Oct. 5, 1697 ; of Jlartha's Vineyard from 1664 to 1667; and of Charleston, S.C, in 1698-9. H. U. 1657. Son of the preceding. Eminent tor his knowledge of the Indian language. He the Cotton, JosiAH, judge, and preacher to the Indians, b. Plymouth, Jan. 8, 1680; d. Aug. 19, 1756. II. U. 1698. Grandson of Kev. John Cotton. He stn.lad tliiulu,;v, lauulit school in Marlilnlira.l an. I Piwiioti; lii ami, ihmigh not ord. imr anv clair. h, |nearlkil <.l-c,isi< mally for several year.s. lie al.M. ;:,nr in. aii.ntiun to agriculture, having a , U.I.'. i i.nm m i.i. north pan of Plymouth, liai, ._ i | i i sider- able knowledge of the In . i .lie vis- ited variou.s ti ibus in I'l V [i, . ■ ,1 . .n.m^v as a mis- sion. ir\ .l.iiiiM n..n., ||. .1, He was also . ckik .1 . . . . ^i,tcr of probate, and jn ii I paiedavoeabu- iarv (.1 ... ■ i iiM II...I III ill,. \K. Indians, pub. in Ms. Ili-t. CIN., vol. li., .-J.l senes. Couch, Darius Nash, maj.-gen. vols., b. I'uinani Co., X.V., July 2.3,1822. West Point, 1846. Entering the 4th Artillery, ho served in the Mexican war ; was brev. for gal- lantry at Buena Vista, Feb. 1847, and became 1st lieut. Dec. 1847. He was afterward in com. at Key West harracUs ; iiideil in suni.n-ssing the last outbreak ..I li.. ^ .'..:- n. . m 1853 made a scieiiu i M , i under the title of " N.n^ . 1 I.....: I.il .., he re- signed, and i iij.._ ; ,;i mci^.iiia.e i„..:>iiits in N. Y. Civ, In, I 1,1 l.s.vj removed to Taunton, Ms. .I,,iir I.'), IS,, I, lie became col. 7th Ms. regt., ami in A,i_. In i^.-gen., dating from May 17. On the re-uigauiy.ation of the Potomac Ar- my, he was assigned the com. of a division in the corps of Gen. Keyes, with which he greatly disting. himself at the battles of Fair Oaks, Williamsburg, and Malvern Hills. Promoted to maj.-gen. July 4, 1862, he took part in the battle of Antietam, in Franklin's corps, and was soon after put in com. of the 2d (late Sum- ner's) army corps. He took a prominent part in Burnside's operations at Fredericksburg, Hooker's at Chancellorsville ; com. dept. of the Susquehannah, June, lS63-Dee. 1864; com. 2d div. 23d corps in the defeat of Hood near Nash- ville, and also in the operations in N.C. in Feb. 1865. Pres. of a Va. mining and manuf co. since 1867. — Cullum. Court de Gebelin (koor deh zhab'-lan'), AsTOiNE, a French author, b. Nismes, 1725; d. Paris, May 10, 1784. A preacher in early life, he established himself in Paris in 1763, and, be- tween 1775 and 1784, pub. 9 vols, of his great work, " Le Monde Priuiitif." He sympathized deeply with the American struggle for inde- pendence, and co-operated with Franklin and COTJ 224 cox others in the publication of a work advocating the American cause, entitled "Affaires de I'An- yleterre et de I' Ani&iqiLe," 15 vols., 1776, et. set/. He was the author of a defence of animal mag- netism, and of a variety of works, historical, philosophical, and political. Courtenay, Edward H., LL.D. (H. Sid. Coil. 1S4G), nuithcmatician, b. Md., 1803; d. ClKnI-fi-,i:i. , \"a..21 Dec. 1853. West Point (I -I I ,: I . Teacher and prof, of math. an: i ,. there from 1828 to 31 Dec. IS ;-i : |,,,,| ,,t ,,,,iili. U. of Pa., 1834-6, and at U. of Va., 1 S4J-53. Engr. in construct, of Ft. Independence, Boston Harbor, 1837-41 ; cliief- engr. of dry dock, Brooklyn navy-yard, 1841-2. Author of " Elcm. Treatise on Mechanics," from the French of Uoucharlat, 1833; and " Treatise on Differential and Integral Calcu- lus, and Calculus of Variations," 1855. A.M. U. of Pa., 1854. Covington, Leonard, brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Aquasco, Prince George Co., Md., Oct. 30, 1768; d. French Mills, Nov. 14, 1813. Mar. 14, 1792, he obtained from Washington the com. of iieut. of dragoons; joined the army under Gen. Wayne ; disting. himself at Fort Recovery and the liattle of Miami ; was honorably men- tioned in Wayne's official report ; was promoted to the rank of capt. in July, 1794, and retired to the pursuits of agriculture. Many years a member of the legisl. of Md. ; was il.C. from 1805 to 1807 ; was app. in 1809 lieut.-col. of a regt. of cav. ; in Aug. 1 81 3, he was app. brig.- gen., and ordered to the northern frontier. At the battle of Chrystler's Fields, he received a mortal wound, and died 2 days after. He had the reputation of being one of the best officers in tlie service. Covode, JOHM, M.C. from Pa., 1855-63 and 1867-9, b. Westmoreland Co., Pa., 17 Mar. 1808; d. Hanisburg, 11 Jan. 1871. He was a farmer, and was extensively engaged in coal- mmmg. Chairman of a special committee of 36th Congress to investigate certain charges again.iiict of Ohio, Apr. 16, 1863, and of a aivision of the 23d army corps, he served in the Atlanta campaign of 1864, and was in the battles of Franklin and Nashville, Tenn. Maj.-gen. for these disting. services from Dec. 7, 1864. In Mar. 1865, after fighting a battle at Kinston, N.C., he joined Sherman's army. Gov. of O., 1866-8 ; sec. of the interior, 1869 to Nov. 1870. Cox, James, b. Monmouth Co., N.J., 1753; d. there Sept. 12, 1810. Several years mem- ber of the legisl. and speaker of the assembly ; com. a company of militia at Germantown and Monmouth, and was subsequently a brig.- gen. of militia; M.C. 1809-10. Coxe, John Redman, M.D., b. Trenton, N.J., 1773; d. Phila., Mar. 22, 1864. He stud- ied medicine under Dr. Rush, and at London, Paris, and Edinburgh. Settled in Pliila. in 1796 ; was port-physician in 1798, during the yellow-fever visitation; was for several years a physician of the Pa. hospital and of the Phila. dispensatory; prof, of chemistry in the U. of Pa. in 1809-18, and prof, of materia medica from 1818 to 1835. He first introduced vac- cination in Phila. Dr. Co.xe never had a sick day, and d , aged 91, without any appreciable disease. He pub. " On Inflammation," 8vo, 1794; "Importance, &c., of Medicine," 8vo, cox 1800; "Vaccination," 8vo, 1800; "Combus- tion, &c.," 8vo, 1811 ; " Amer. Dispensatory," 8vo, 182" ; " Kefut. of Harvey's Claim to the Discov. of the Circulation oftlie Blood," 8vo, 183-t ; "Female Biography;" " Recog. of Friends in Another World," 1845, 12mo. Edited Phila. Med. Museum, 6 vols., 8vo, 1805, new series, 18U ; "Emporium of Arts and Sciences," 5 vols., 8vo, 1812. Cox, Lemuel, an eminent mechanic, b. Boston, Ms., 173G; d. Charlestown, Ms., Feb. 18, 1806. Near the close of 1775, he was in prison at Ipswich for his attachment to the cause of the crown. Mr. Felt, in his " Annals of Salem," supposes him to have been the per- son who was the chief architect of Esse.x bridge in 1788, and who subsequently constructed bridges in Eng. and Ireland. " In 1796," says Mr. Felt, " he had a grant of 1 ,000 acres of land in Me., from our legisl., for being the first inventor of a machine to cut card-wire, the first projector of a powder-mill in Ms., the first suggester of employing prisoners on Castle Is- land to ninke nails, and for various other dis- coveries in mechanical arts." The celebrated bridge at Waterford, Ireland, was in 1793 built under his direction and superintendence. He also built bridges from Salem to Beverly, and over the Mystic River to Maiden. — Sabine ; Bradford. Coxe, M.1RGAEET, b. Burlington, N.J. Pub. " Claims of the Country on Amer. Fe- males," 2 vols., 12mo, Columbus, 1842 ; "Bot- any of the Scriptures ; " " Wonders of the Deep ; " " Young Ladies' Companion and To- ken," 12mo. — Altibone. Cox, S.iJiuEL H.iUSON, D.D., LL.D., Presb. divine, b. Leesville, N.J., Aug. 25, 1793. Commenced the study of law in 1811, afterward studied theology, and was ord. by the N.J. Presbytery, July 1, 1817. From 1820 to 1S33, lie had charge of the Spring-st. Church, N.Y ; prof, of sacred rhetoric at Auburn, N.Y., from 1834 to May, 1837, and from that time until 1854, when obliged by the failure of his voice to give up his charge, pastor of the First Presb. Church in Brooklyn. Having sympathized with, and aided in founding the Antislavery Society, he was one of the suSerers by a mob, and had his house and church sacked, July 10, 1834. He successively advocated abolition, temperance, colonization, and New School Pres- byterianism, and the Evangelical Alliance, and r.mks high as a writer and preacher. He has been frequently a delegate to the religious anni- versaries in London. Author of " Quakerism not Christianity," " Interviews, Memorable and Useful, from the Diary of Memory," N.Y., 1853, and other publications. Father of Bishop A. C. Co.\e. Cox, Samuel Sullivan (" Sunset" Cox), b. Zanesville, 0. Brown U. 1846. He became a lawyer and an editor in 0. ; was sec. of le- gation to Peru in 1855; M.C. 1857-65 and 1869-71, and is an occasional lecturer. Au- thor of " The Buckeye Abroad," N Y., 1852 ; " Eight Years in Congress," 1865, and " Search for Winter Sunbeams." Coxe, TE^XH, writer on political economy, b. Phila., May 22, 1755 ; d. there July 17, 1324. His great-grandfather. Dr. Daniel Coxe of - - '7 and of Carolina, between the 31st and 36th parallels of N. latitude. He had been physi- cian to Queen Anne, and was a gov. of St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London. In 1698, he sent 2 ships and several hundred colonists to settle this territory, which were the first ships to enter the Mpi. from the sea. The colonists were, however, by French machinations, divert- ed from their purpose, and settled in S.C. His son. Col. Daniel, inherited his interests; came over in 1702 ; resided at Burlington, and then at Trenton, N.J. ; filled important stations in that province; was speaker of the assembly in 1716 ; judge of the Sup. Ct. 1734-9, and wrote "A Description of the Province of Carolina," 8vo, Lond., 1722; "Collect, of Voyages and Travels," 8yo, 1741 ; d. Trenton, May, 1739. Tench was educated at the Phila. Coll. ; became a partner in business with his father, Wm., in May, 1776 ; was a commissioner to the Federal convention at Annapolis, in 1786; member of the Cont. Congress in 1788 ; assist, sec. of the treas. May, 1790 ; commissioner of the revenue May, 1792, and purveyor of the public supplies from 1803 to 1812. He devoted his life to the encour.igement of our manufactures. His sym- pathies appeared to be on the side of the crown during the Revol. He pub. " A Brief Exam- ination of Lord Sheffield's Observations on the Commerce of the U.S.," 1792; "A View of the U.S.," 1794, and "A Statement of the Arts and Manufactures of the U.S. for 1810," 1814 ; " An Address on American Manufactures," " An Inquiry into the Principles of a Commer- cial System for the U.S.," 1787; "Thoughts on the Naval Power, and the Encouragement of Commerce and Manufactures," 180G; " Memoir on the Cultivation, Trade, and Manufacture of Cotton," 1807; "On the Navigation Act," 1809. — Simpson. Cox, William, author, b. Eng. ; d. there ab. 1851. Ho came to the U.S. in early life; was a printer ; was employed in the N. Y\ Mir- ror, to which he was a" contrib., and pub. " Crayon Sketches," 2 vols., 1833. Cozzens, Fkedekick Swaktwout, au- thor, b. N.Y., March 5, 1818; d. Brooklyn, Dec. 23, 1869. He was educated in his native city. In 1853, he coll. a series of articles con- trib. to the Knickerbocker Magazine, in a vol. entitled " Prismatics," by Richard Hayward. In 1856, he pub. the " Sparrowgrass P.ipers." A leading wine-merchant, he pub., in connec- tion with his business, a periodical entitled the " Wine Press," for which,, as well as for other publications, he wrote interesting essays on grape-culture. In 1858, he attended the copy- right congress of Brussels, as delegate of the N.Y. Publishers' Association. Author of " Acadia ; or, A Sojourn among the Blue- noses," 12mo, 1858; "Stone House on the Susquehanna;" "Memorial of Fitzgreene Hal- leck," 1868. Cozzens, Issachar, uncle of F. S., b. Newport, K, I., 1781. Pub. " Geological His- tory of N.Y. Island," N.Y., 8vo, 1843. Crabbe, Thomas, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Md. Midshipm. Nov. 15, 1809; lieut. Feb. 4, 1815 ; com. Mar. 3, 1835 ; capt. Sept. 8, 1841 ; commo. July 16, 1862; rear-adm. retired list. 226 July 25, 1866. Engaged in attack by gunboats on 3 Briiish frigates in Hampton Roads, June 20, 1813; also in repelling attack on Craney Island, June 22, 1813 ; com. sloop of war " Van- dalia," W.I. squadron, 1837; and, during the Seminole war, had charge of Fort Brooke.Tam- pa Bay, Jan. 28 to May 17, 1837 ; com. frigate "Brandy wine," Brazil squad., 1841 ; steam- eloop " San Jacinto," Medit. squad., 1852-3; com. squad, coast of Africa, 1855-7 ; prize commis., East. Dist. Pa., 1864-5. — Hamersli/. Cradock, Matthew, first gov. of tin; Ms. Company(18Mar. lOiiSj.aiMipiii.in l...iM n,.:- chant; (i. May 27, 1641. •' 1 1 1... son says, "more forward in .i(i substance than any other, linii: ^.nii:[ jj !:;■ highest in all subscriptions," and at his decease left a large claim upon the Colony. He con- tinued many years to carry on a trade in the Colony by his servants ; but he never came over. To him is due the important measure of trans- ferring the govt, from the Lond. company to the inhabitants here, a measure pregnant with independence. He was a member of the cele- brated Long Parliament from the city of London, in 1640. —N.E. H. and Geneal. Reg., viii. 27. Cradock, Thomas, rector of St. Thomas's Church, Baltimore Co., Md. ; d. 17G0. He preached a sermon in 1753, before the gov. and assembly, on the irregularities of the clergy. In 1756, he pub. aversion of the Psalms, in heroic measure. Crafts, Samuel Chandler, jurist and statesman, b. Woodstock, Ct., Oct. 6, 1768; d. Craftsbury, Vt., Nov. 19, 1853. H.U. 1790. His father. Col. Ebenezer Crafts, founded Lei- cester Acad. ; settled in Vt. in 1790; d. 1810, a. 70. Y.C. 1759. The son was town-clerk of Craftsbury, 1792-1829; youngest delegate to the State Const. Conv. in 1793; was several years a representative, and clerk of the house in 1798 and 1799; register of probate for the Orleans dist. from 1796 to 1815; member of the exec, council from 1809 to 1812 and from 1825 to 1827 ; a judge of Orleans county court from 1800 to 1816, being pres. judge for the last six years, and from 1825 to 1828; and clerk of the court from 1836 to 1838; M. C. 1817-25 ; gov. 1829-32; was pres. of the Const. Conv. in 1829, and in 1842 wasapp. a U.S. sena- tor. M.A. of the U. of Vermont, 1809. In June, 1802, while there were but a few log- huts on the site of the present city of Cincin- nati, he commenced a tour of observation to the Lower Mpi., and, in company with Mi- chaux the younger, made a botanical recon- noissance of the Valley of the Great West in canoes and arks. Crafts, William, lawyer and author, b. Charieston, S.C., Jan. 24, 1787; d. Lebanon Springs, N.Y., Sept. 23, 1826. H.U. 1805. He was a successful practitioner, and an eloquent advocate of Charleston, especially in criminal cases, and was several years a member of the State legisl. As editor of the Charleston Courier he contrib. many essays, suggested by topics of the day. He delivered the Phi Beta Kappa address at Cambridge, 1817, and wrote a few poems; the "Sea Sei-pent," or "Gloucester Hoax," a drama in 3 acts, and contribs. to the " Omnium Botherum," a serial devoted to local satire. A selection from his writings, including some of his orations, was pub. at Charleston in 1828, with a memoir, by Rev. Samuel Oilman. Cragin, Aaron H., senator, b. Weston, Vt., 3 Peb. 1821. Lawyer; member N H. legisl. 1852-5; M.C. 1857-61; U.S. senator 1865-71 ; re-elected in 1870. Craig, Henry Knox, brev. brig.-gen. U. S.A., b. Pa. ; son of Isaac, a maj. in the Revol. war, by a dan. of Gen. John Neville. Lieut. ,11 i Mil 17, l,S12; engaged in the occupation 1 : li ,ji', and night assault at Stony \ ' : > apt. Dcc.1813; brev. maj. Dec. - :, 1-j:; iiiaj. of ordnance, May 30, 18.32; disting. in battles of Palo Alto and La Palma ; brev. lleut.-col. "for Monterev, Mex.," Sept. 23, 1846; lieut.-col. Mar. 25, 1848; col. of ord- nance, July 10, 1851; retired, June 1, 1863; brev. brig.-gen. Mar. 13, \S,lib.— Gardner. Craig, James, brig.-gen. vols., b. Pa. ab. 1820. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar; removed to Mo., and settled at St. Joseph's; was a member of thu State b liisl. in 1846-7; served in the M- x, \v,ir, an. I was a capt. Mo. mounted rifles Irom An-. |.'-47 to Nov. 1848; circuit-atty. iL'tli jiiilinal ciiLuit, Mo., from 1852 to 1856; Demociatic M.C. in 1857-61 ; app. a brig.-gen. of vols. Mar. 21, 1862, and employed in the West. Craig, Sir James Henry, a British gen., b. Gibraltar, 1749; d. Jan. 12, 1812. Ensign in 1763; aide-de-camp to Gen. Boyd at Gibral- tar in 1770; in 1771, capt. 47th Foot, with which he went to America in 1774; w.as in the battle of Lexington; severely wounded at Bunker's Hill, again at Hubbardton, and a third time at Freeman's Farm, Sept. 19, 1777. Included in the convention at Saratoga, sent to Eng. with despatches, and app. maj. 82d, Dec. 1777. He was engaged in the operations on the Penobscot in 1779; was ordered to the South; in Jan. 1781 occupied Wilmington, N.C., which he abandoned when Cornwallis surrendered in Nov. 1781, when he held the rank of lieut.-col. He saw much aeiive ser- vice, usually in com. of liL-ht tvnnp^. ami was an officer of merit. As a n-i ■: i .nm. the exped. against the ('a|i. .i i : \,.:\.r \n 1795, andin 1797 the sun-iiM . ,|„,, ,,_,,ii.st Manilla. Lieut.-gen. Jan. Ibul. W iili iSir John Stuart, he led the army of the Jkditer- r.anean to Sicily in 1805. App. com.-iii-chicf of Canada in Aug. 1807, he proved wliolly unfit for a civil station. He saw in every op- ponent of his policy a di.saftccted rebel, seized liberal presses, suppressed opposition, and cm- ployed spies. He returned to Eng., June 19, 1811. Craig, Col. Thomas, Revol. officer ; d. Lehigh Co., Pa., Jan. 14, 1832, a. 92. Made capt. in St. Clair's batt. Jan. 5, 1776; maj. Sept. 7, 1776; col. 3d Pa. regt. 1777. Craighill, William P., maj. engr. corps U.S.A., b. Va. West I'oint, 1853. Entering the engr. corps, he became capt. 3 Mar. 1 863 ; brev. lieut.-col. 13 Mar. 1865, for services in defence of Cumberland Gap ; m.nj. 23 Nov. 1865. He was engaged some years in the con- and repairs of Southern forts and 227 CRA. harbors ; was assist, prof, of engineering at West Point, 1859-6.3 ; chief engr. of Gen. G. W. Morgan's div., Jiine-Oct. 1862, and of dept. of the Monongahela, June- Aug. 1863; assist, engr. in construction of defences of Bait, harbor, Sept., 1863-June, 1864 ; chief engr. middle dept. and 8th armv corps, Apr.-June, 1864. Compiler of "Army Officer's Pocket Companion," 1861 ; translator of Dufour's " Cours de Tactiques," 1863, and, jointly with Capt. Mendell, of Jomini's " Pr&is de I 'Art de la Guerre," IS62.— Cullum. Craik, James, M.D., plivsiri.in, h. Srnt- land, 1731 ; d. Fairfax Co., \''i , K. I. o, isi t. Educated for the medical Sfivh, .11 ih.- Kim I] army, he came to Va. in c:iilv liir; was uiili Washington in thn oxped. ag;iin.st the iM-ench and Indian-, in 17,'>4, and the ne.xt vear was in Braddocks laial rain|iai_'.i. In 1775, by the aid of Wa>hniL:lijn, hr was transferred to the medical dept. of tlic army, and rose to the first rank and distinction. In 1777, he was active in unveiling the conspiracy to remove the commandcV-in-chief. In 1781, he was director of the hospital at Yorktown. After the Revol., Craik settled near Mount Vernon, and attended Washington in his last illness. Cralle, Richard K., author, b. S.C. ; d. Va., 10 June, 1864. Relative of J. C. Calhoun, and his amanuensis while sec. of State, and pub. an edition of his works in 6 vols , with a memoir. Previously an editor in Washing- ton and a Swedenborgian clergyman. Author of some New Church publications. Cranch, Christopher Pearse, artist and poet, son of Judge C, b. Alexandria, DC, March 8, 1813." Col, Coll. 1831. He studied divinity 3 years at H,U., but, in 1842, devoted himself to landscape-painting in N.Y. May_ 25, 1840, he delivered a poem at the 200th anniv. of the town of Quincy. In 1847-8, he visited Italy; went again to Europe in 18.53, and resided some years in Paris. During his 10 years' absence, he executed many admira- ble landscapes. Since his return, he has re- sided in N.Y. and at Fishkill, and has painted views of Venice, some fruit-pieces, and other compositions. He was one of the contribs. to the Dial, in which were pub. some of his best poems. In 1854, a vol. of his poems appeared at Phila. He has also pub. two stories, " The Last of the Huggermuggers," 1856 ; and " Koboltozo," a sequel to the former, 1857. He still writes occasionally for various journals and magazines. Cranch, William, LL.D. (H.U. 1829), jurist, b. Weymouth, Ms., July 17, 1769; d. Washington, Sept. 1, 1855. H.U. 1787. Richard, his fiither, b. Eng., Nov. 1726; d. Oct. 16, 1811 ; came to Ms. in 1746; m. Mary, dau. of Rev. Wm. Smith of Weymouth ; was a man of learning; many years a member of the legisl., and judge of the C.C.P. ; pub. " Views of the Prophecies concerning Anti- Christ." Wm. studied law ; was adm. to the bar in July, 1790; practised in Braintre&and in Haverhill, but in Oct. 1794, removed to Washington. In 1801, his bro. in-law, Pres. Adams, app. him jun. assist, judge of the Circuit Court of the D.C, of which he was chief-justice from 1805 to 1855. In these 55 years, but 2 of his decisions were overruled. He pub. 9 vols, of Reports of U.S. Supreme Court, and 6 vols, of Reports of Circuit Court of D.C, from 1801 to 1841. He also prepared a code of laws for the district ; pub. a memoir of John Adams, 8vo, 1827, and, in 1831, an address on temperance. Member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. Crane, Ichabod B., col. U.S.A., b. N J. ; d. Port Richmond, Staten Island, NY., Oct. 5,1857. App. 2d lieut. marines, Jan. 1809; capt. 3d Art. April 25, 1812; brev. maj. for m.rit, s.Tviirs, Nov. 13,1813; maj. 4th Art., S-l-t 1".. I^ii.'i; lieut.-col. 2d Art., Nov. 3, !•-;-', ("I, Nt Art., June 27, 1843; gov. of .Miiitaiv .\-\liim at Washington, May, 1851 to i\ov,' ls,i,j ; bro. of Com. Wm. M. Crane. — Crane, Col. John, Revol. officer of Ms. ; d. Aug. 21, 1805. He com. the regt. of Ms. Art. through the war. During the siege of Boston, he held the rank of major, and did Crane, William Montgomery, com. U;S.N., b. Elizabethtown, N,J., Feb. 1, 1784; d. Washington, March 18, 1846. His father. Gen. Wm., severely wounded at Quebec, and a col. in the Revol. armv, d. Elizabethtown, July 30; 1814. Midshipm. May 23, 1799; lieut. July 20, 1803; com. March 4, 1813; capt. Nov. 22, 1814. Comg. the brig " Vix- en," he disting. himself in the attack on Trip- oli, and was in " The Chesapeake," when at- tacked by " The Leopard." In July, 1812, while comg. the brig. " Nautilus," he was taken by " The Southampton," frigate. On his ex- change, he was ordered to the Lakes, where, in com. of " The Madison " and '• Pike," in Cliauncey's squadron, he served with distinc- tion for the remainder of the war. In 1827, in the flag-ship " Delaware," he com. the Mediterranean squadron, acting as joint com- missioner with Mr. Offley, U.S. consul at Smyrna, to open negotiations with the Otto- man Govt. App. navy commissioner in 1841, and in 1842 chief of the bureau of ordnance and hydrography. He died by his own hand ; cause unknown. Cranfleld, Edward, gov. of N.H., 1682- 5 ; d. Eng., 1704. He exchanged a profitable office in Eng. to better his fortune here, but exer- cised his power in so arbitrary a manner, that he soon lost his place. Venturing to tax the people without their consent, he soon found "all his ctForts ineffectual, and his authority con- temptible." The complaints were taken up by the lords of trade, and decided against him. Returning to Eng. in 1685, he was afterwards app. collector of Barbadoes. Crapo, Henrt H., gov. of Mich., 1865-9, b. Dartmouth, Ms., 24 May, 1804; d. Flint, Mich., July 23, 1869. He resided in New Bed- ford until his removal to Saginaw, Mich., in 1856, where he entered largely into the lumber- business. State senator in 1862, and at one time mayoi of Flint. Craven, Charles, sec. to the proprietors of S.C, and gov. in 1712-16. Ordered in 1712 to sound Port Royal River, it is probable that he founded Beaufort. The Yemassecs and other warlike tribes, having, in 1715, combined 228 for the destruction of the Colony, Gov. Cra- ven at the hcatl of 1,200 men, part of whom were blacks, defeated them in a series of des- perate conflicts. Craven, Tunis Aug. Macdonodgh, com- mander U.S.N., b. Portsmouth, N.H. ; killed in the iron-clad " Tecumseh," destroyed by a torpedo in Mobile Bav, Auj. 5, 1S64. Mid- shipm.Feb.2, 1829; li'Mit IPII ; rnm.Apr 2t, 1861. He had seen-"! - : -s yci,.' in the coapt-survcv, - - 1 rr •■ ili,- nvil war, com. "The Cn.,. . ,. I,.' In-r,-,, ■,„-;,, " and "TheTccum-rli/ Craven, Thomas I'., K-ar-:n!i,i. U.S.N.,b. D.V. Son of Tunis Ciavni ,.f N.J. Many years U.S. naval stiiri;krc|i('i- :it tin; l'i>rtsmoiith "and Brooklyn nnw-vanl-. Mi.i.liiiiin May I , of the flag-ship " Vincennes " in Wilkes's U.S. Exploring' Exped., 1838-42. While at Valparaiso, in July, 1839, he was instrumental in saving the crew of a Chilian vessel, wrecked in a gale there, for which he was complimented by Sec. Paulding. From 1851 to 1855, com. of midshipm., and instructor, U.S. naval acad. at Annapolis; June 27, 1861, he took com. of the l^tomac flotilla, and of " The Brook- lyn," in the autumn of 1861. In the attack on Forts Jackson and St. Philip, " The Brook- lyn" became entangled in the obstructions in the river, and was attacked by a ram and a steam- er. The latter received a broadside at 60 yards, which put a stop to her attack ; \yhile the chain-armor of " The Brooklyn " prevented in- jury by the shock from the ram. Capt. Craven took part in the subsequent engagements on the Mpi., until Aug. 1862. Com. N. Pacific , squad., 1869. Crawford, George W., statesman and lawyer, b. Columbia Co., Ga., Dec. 22, 1798. N. J. Coll. 1820. He studied law, and com- menced practice at Augusta, Ga., in 1822 ; was attv.-gen. 1827-31 ; was in the State legisl. from 1837 to 1842, with the exception of one year; M.C. 1843 ; gov. 184.3-7, and a mem- ber of Pres. Taylor's cabinet, as sec. of war, 1849-July, 1850; subsequently visited Europe, since wdiich time he has lived in retirement at his home in Richmond Co. — Laninan. Crawford, Nathaniel Macon, D.D., di- vine, b. near Lexington, Ga., Mar. 22, 1811. U. of Ga. Aug. 1829. He studied law witli his father, Wm. H. Crawford, but never prac- tised. Prof, of mathematics in Oglethorpe U., 1837-41 ; licensed to preach in 1843, and ord. in the Baptist ministry, 1844. Pastor in Wash- ington, Ga., in 1845, and in Charleston, S.C, in 1846. Prof, of biblical literature in Mercer U., 1847-54, and was pres. in 1855-6; in 1857, he was prof, of mental and mora! philos. in the U. of Mpi , and was prof, in the Western Baptist Theol. Sem. at Georgetown, Ky., until July, 1858. He afterward resumed the presi- dency of Mercej U. ; pres. of the Bible Revision Assoc, in 1857. Author of " Christian Para- doxes," 1858. He is considered one of the first pnl])it orators of the Baptist Church at the South. Crawford, Samuel Wtlie, brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A., b. Franklin Co., Pa., Nov. 8, 1829. U. of Pa. 1847. He studied medicine, and in 1851 was made assist, surgeon, U.S.A.; was on duty in Texas 3 years, and in New Mexico until 1856, when lie went to Mexico. While there, he made scientific re.searches, and became a member of the Geog. Society of Mex- ico. He was one of the garrison of Fort Sum- ter in Apr. 1861; com. a battery during the action ; was made maj. of the 13th Inf., May 14, 1861; ordered to Eastern Va., and made insp.-gen. of that dept. ; brig.-gen. Apr. 25, 18G2, he was assigned to the cor]is of Gen. Banks in the army of the Shenandoah. He was in the battle of Winchester, and was inentioned in the report of the comg.-gen. He bore a leading part in the battle of Cedar Moun- tain, where he lost more th.m half his brigade, and, after the death of Gen. MansH.l.l, com. his division in the battle of Antietani, where, though severely wounded, he kept the field till the close of the action. He com. 3d div. 5th corps, at the Wilderness battle, at Hatch- er's Run, and in the battles around Petersburg. Brev. maj.-gen. Mar. 13, 1865; Irev. col. U.S.A. for Gettvsburs ; brev. hriir.-gen. for Five Forks, 13 Mar. 1865; col. 2d U.S. Inf. Crawford, Thom.is, srul,.t<.r. h. N.Y,, Mar. 22, 1814; d. Lond., la ,. d, i. m i s.",;. He early manifested a rcniai i : ; i art, in which he was encouraLirl : ' : ■ nho caused him to be thoron . ii : -I in drawing, carving, and in :, _ . lav. ;n 1834, he went to It.alv.a. ; r ■ ,. .urd the instruction and Iririni: ; ! i '.-.m. After a few years' study. !a'^ ■' itii; !m-.1 Ii:- -tu- dio in Rome, and soon obtairuil aliuiulant em- ployment. Among tlie most felicitous and characteristic of his works is the bust of Josiah Quincy, placed in the library of II. U. In 1839, he designed his famous group of " Orphe- us," which, with his " Cupid and Psyche," is in the Athenaeum in Boston. Of his ideal busts, the " Sappho " and " Vesta " are nioikls of purity and taste. Heexeciiti il ni.niv I a- i . lirl's; and his religious subjects, > i i a in which the penson of the Sa\ la. d, are marked by singular prn|, I i. a, nai ,|i_iiity of treatment. Among the noblest of his \vorks are his statue, in bronze, of Beethoven, in the Music Hall, Boston, and the bronze equestrian statue of Washington, ordered by the State of Va., and erected at the Capitol in Richmond. Visiting Amer. in 1844, he m. Miss Ward, by whom he had several children. He made a second visit to the U.S. in 1849, and a third in 1856. Crawford received from Congress a commission to furnish marble and bronze stat- uary for the new Capitol at Washington, for which he designed — perhaps his grandest work — the colossal statue of the Genius of Amer., destined for the pinnacle of the Capitol dome. He suffered for the last years of his life from a malignant tumor or cancer of the eye, which nearly deprived him of sight, and caused him to renounce his art entirely, with many works unfinished. The industry of Crawford was wonderful. He finished upward of 60 works, many of them colossal, and left ah. 50 sketches in plaster, and designs of vari- CRA. Crawford, Thomas Hartley, b. Chaiu- bersburg. Pa., Nov. 14, 1786; d. Washington, D.C., Jan. 27, 1863. N. J. Coll. 1804. Ad- miited to the bar in 1807 ; JI. C. 1829-33 ; member Pa. legisl. 1833; in 1836 a commis- sioner to investigate frauds in the purchase of lands of the Creek Indians ; US. commissioner of Indian affairs, 1838-45; and from 1845 till hisd., judge of the Criminal Court of D. C. Crawford, Col. William, Revol. officer, b. Berkeley Co , Va., 1732 ; d. June, 1782. A capt. in Forbes's exped. in 1758, and the inti- mate friend of Washington, then a surveyor. He served in the Pontiac war in 1763-4; moved to Pa. in 1768 ; was an efficient officer in Dun- more's campaign against the Scioto Indians ; made lieut -col. 5th Va. regt., Feb. 13, 1776; became col., and resigned, Feb. 10, 1781. One of the bravest of frontiersmen, he often led parties across the Ohio against the Indians, to whom, from his success, he was particularly obnoxious. In May, 1782, he accepted, reluc- tantly, the com. of an exped. against the Wyan- dottcs on the Muskingum, fell into an ambus- cade, was taken prisonei-, and tortured to death at Sandusky. Crawford, William Harris, lawver and statesman, b. Nelson Co., Va., Feb. 24, l'772 ; d. near Elbertou, Ga., Sept. 15, 1834. His father Joel, in 1783, removed his family to Ga., but d. in 1788 ; and young Crawford, after assisting his mother to support the family, by teaching, for several years, at length studied law. In 1799, lie commenced practice in Lexington, Oglethorpe Co., and soon became disting. in his ]irolession. In 1800, he was app. with Ho- ratio .Marbury to revise the laws of Ga., and comjiilcd the first digest of her laws, pub. Sa- vaiiiuili, 4to, 1802. Member of the State legisl. 1803-7 ; U. S. senator, 1807-13, and was its pres. pro tern, in March, 1812. In this body, he ■shone pre-eminently, soon making hiniself known and respected by the force of natural aliility, energy, and loftiness of mind. His in- fluence was further increased by his perfect in- le^iity and unflinching firmness. He evinced, in the consideration of many important and ex- citing questions, statesmanship of a high order. He was opposed to the policy of war with Great Britain, but finally voted for it. Having de- clined the war secretaryship in 1813, he ac- cepted the post of minister to France, where he remained two years, and acqnired the friend- ship of Lafayette, who appointed him agent for his American lands, and with whom, after his return home, he carried on a confidential corresp. On his return to the U. S., he was app. to the war dept., but in Oct. transferred to the treasury dept., the i which he continued to discharge unl when he became the Democ. nominee presidency, but was defeated. A long and se- vere sickness destroyed all chanceof his election by the house, and removed him henceforth from tlie political arena. Mr. Adams offered to con- tinue him as sec. of the treas. ; but he declined. He was strongly opposed to the nullification movement, and is generally regarded as the greatest of the citizens of Ga. In 1827, he was app. judge of the Northern Circuit Court of Ga., which office he retained until his death. )t., the duties of rge until 18234 lominee for the Creighton, John Orde, commo. U.S.N., b. N. 1. City; d. Sing Sing, Oct. 13, 1838. Midshipm. June 25,1800; served under Preble before Tripoli; became a lieut. Feb. 24, 1807, and was attached to the frigate " Chesapeake " in June, 1807, when attacked by "The Leop- ard." He was afterwards attached to " The President," and was first lieut. in her action with "The Little Belt," May 16, ISIl. In 1813, he com. the brig "Rattlesnake," with the rank of master-command.int (July 13), and was made capt. Apr. 27, 1816. In 1829-30, he com. the squadron on the coast of Brazil. Creightou, Johnston B., &ipt. U.S.N., b. R. L, Mar. 12, 1821. Midshipman, Feb. 10, 1838; lieut. Oct. 9, 1853; com. Sept. 20, 1862; capt. Nov. 26, 1868 ; comg. steamer " Ottawa," S. A. B. squadron, 1862 ; steamer " Mahaska," bombarding forts Wagner and Gregg, Morris Island, Aug. 8 to 21, 1863; comg. steamer "Mingo," S. A. B. squad., 1861-5 ; steamsloop " Oneida," Asiatic squad., 1867-9. Crele, Joseph, the oldest man in America, b. Detroit, 1725; d. Caledonia, Wis, Jan. 27, 1866. The date of his birth is established by the record of his baptism in the French Cath- olic Church, Detroit. He resided for about a century in Wis. He m. in 1755; settled at Prairie du Chien ; bore arms at Braddock's de- feat, and, before the Revol. war, carried letters between Prairie du Chien and Green Bay. A few years before his death, he testified in the Circuit Court of Wisconsin, in a case involving the title to some real estate, to events "that oc- curred 80 years before. He lived for some years at Caledonia with a dan. by his third wife, b. when he was 69. Until 1864, he was as hale and hearty as most men of 70 ; could walk miles without fatigue, and often chopped wood for the family use. During the last year or two of his life, he would sometimes say sadly, "I fear death has forgotten me." Cresap, Capt. Michael, b. Alleghany Co., Md., June 29, 1742; d. N. Y. City, Oct. 18, 1775. Son of Col. Thomas, an emigrant from Yorkshire, who settled in Western Md. Michael was a trader ; moved to the Ohio in 1774, and commenced clearing land. Difficul- ties with the Indians followed ; and Cresap re- turned to Md. Capt. in the militia, and served in Dunmore's exped. against the western tribes. Com. a rifle company, July, 1775, in the army near Boston, but was obliged, by illness, tore- turn to N. Y., where he died. A Memoir, vin- dicating his character from the aspersion in Jefferson's Notes, has been pub. by his son-in- law, J. J. Jacob ; and a new ed. edited by Brantz Mayer, in 1866. Crespel, Emmandel, a Flemish mission- ary of the order of Recollets. Embarked for Canada in Jan. 1724, and was successively cure near Montreal, and aumonier in various localities. The ship in which he returned to France in Nov. 1736 having been wrecked, he landed with some companions on the coast of Labrador, and, after passing the winter in that frightful place, returned to Quebec in June, and to France in Dec. 1738. An account of his triivels and shipwreck was pub. in Am- sterdam, 1757; an Eng. transl. was pub. in Loud, 1797. Cresson, Elliot, philanthropist, b. Phila., Mar. 2, 1796 ; d. there Feb. 20, 1854. Brought up in the Society of Friends, he imbibed from them an ardent love of benevolent deeds, of which his life was passed in the continual ex- ercise. He became a successful merchant; was one of the pioneers in African colonization, and pres. of the society. In his will, he made gen- erous contributions to a great variety of objects. Creswell, Joh.v a. J,, postmaster-gen., app. Mar. 1869; b. Port Deposit, Cecil Co., Md., 18 Nov. 1828. Dick. Coll. 1848. Adm. to the Md. bar in 1850 ; member of the H. of delegates, 1861-2; assist, adj.gen. of Md., Aug. 1862-Apr. 1863; M. C. 1863-5; U. S. senator, 1865-7; 22 Feb. 1866, he delivered, at the request of the House, a eulogy on Henry Winter Davis, his friend and colleague. Cretin, Joseph, D.D., R. C. Bishop of St. Paul, Minn., consec. Jan. 26,1851 ; d. Feb. 22, 1857. Crevecoeur (krav'-kui-'). Hector St. John, author and agriculturist, b. Caen, France, 1731 ; d. Sarcelles, Nov. 1813. Sent by his parents to England, to complete his education at 16, he passed 6 years there ; came to Amer. in 1754, settled on a larm near N.Y. City, and m. In the war, his lands were over- run by the British troops. In 1780, his aftairs requiring his presence in Eng., he was permit- ted, with one of his sons, to embark from New York. A French fleet on the coast detained the vessel in the harbor ; and he was arrested as a spy, and kept in prison 3 months. Released, after examination, he sailed for Dublin, arrived in Dec., and Apr. 2, 1781, he reached the paternal roof in France, after an absence of 27 years. He became a member of the Agric. Society of Caen, and introduced the cultivation of the potato there. His " Letters from an Amer. Farmer" were pub. Lond., 1782, Paris, 1784 and 1787. His glowing and extravagant pictures of American life induced many fam- ilies to emigrate to the borders of the Ohio, where they suffered the extremities of famine and fever. In 1783, he returned to N.Y. as French consul. He found his house burnt, his wife dead, and his children in the hands of a stranger, Mr. Flaver, a merchant of Boston, who had been led to take charge of them by the kindness Crevecoeur had shown to prisoners abroad. Resigning his office in 1793, he re- turned to France. In 1801, he pub. at Paris, " Voijiige dans la Haute Pennsijlvanie," &c. St. John was by nature, by education, and by his writings, a philanthropist ; a man of serene temper and pure benevolence. — Uw/ckinck. Crittenden, George B., gen. C.S.A. Son of Senator Crittenden, b. Ky. West Point, 1832. Resigned, 1833 ; connsellor-at-law, Ky., 1835-46; capt. mounted rifles. May, 27, 1846; brev. major for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847; major, March 15, 1848; lieut.-col. Dec. 30, 1856; resigned, 10 June, 1861, and joined the Confederate army, in which he was made a maj -gen., and ordered to S. E. Kj'., where, Jan. 19, 1862, he was de- feated by Gen. G. H. Thomas in the battle of Mill Spring, or Somerset. He was put under arrest ; was not released until November, and resigned soon afterward. Crittenden, Johs Jordon, lawyer and senator, b. Woodford Co., Ky., Sept. 10, 1786: d. Frankfort, Ky , July 26, 18 When quite young, he entered the army, and, during the War of 1812, was an officer in Gen. Hopkins's exped., and was aide-de-camp to Gov. Shelby at the battle of the Thames. After adopting the profession of law, he, in 1816, was elected to the Ky. legisl., of which he was several years speaker, and was U.S. senator from Ky. in 1817-19. From 1819 to 1835, he continued in the practice of his profession, residing princi- pally at Frankfort, and occasionally represent- ing his county in the State legisl. Again U.S. senator in 183.5-41, when he was app. attv.- gen. by Pres. Harrison. In Sept. 1841, he resigned, and resumed his seat in the U.S. senate in 1842. He was re-elected senator for six years, from March, 1843, but, in 1848, was elected gov. of the State, which office he held until his app. as atty.-gen. by Pres. Fillmore, in 1850; again elected to the U.S. senate in 1855. In early life, Mr. C. belonged to the Repub., and, subsequently, to the Whig party. He was one of Mr. Clay's friends ; always favored the protective policy; was for a U.S. bank, and against the sub-treasury system; and opposed Calhoun's bill, in 1835, empowering postmasters to take from the mails documents hostile to slavery. He opposed the annexation of Texas, and strove to bring the Mexican war to a peaceful termination as soon as practica- ble. It was Mr. Crittenden, who, in 1847, in- troduced the bill in the senate for the relief of the starving in Ireland and Scotland, support- ing it in an eloquent and feeling speech. He opposed the admission of Kansas under the Topeka Constitution in 1856; voted against the repeal of the territorial laws, and in favor of Toombs's Kansas Bill, and in 1858 opposed the admission of Kansas under the Lecompton Constitution. He was considered the patri- arch of the senate, a designation to which his character, as well as his age, entitled him. Ho was an excellent, extemporaneous debater. Dur- ing the memorable second session of the 36th Congress, he proposed the plan known as the " Crittenden Compromise," prohibiting slavery north of 36° 30', admitting new States with or without slavery, and prohibiting the aboli- tion of slavery in the District of Columbia while it existed in Va. or Md. He re-entered Congress in July, 1861 ; participated in the chief debates, and was an ardent Union man, but opposed confiscation, emancipation, and the enlistment of negroes. Crittenden, Thom.^s Leonidas, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. UiissellviUe, Ky., 1819. Second son of John J. Crittenden. Studied law under his father ; was adm. to the bar, and be- came Commonwealth's atty. On the breaking- out of the Mexican war, he was app. vol. aide to Gen Taylor, in which capacity he highly disting. himself at Buena Vista. As lieut.-col. 4th Ky. vols., he took part in the memorable battles in the Valley of Mexico under Gen. Scott. Gen. Taylor, on his elevation to the presidency, app. him consul at Liverpool (1849). Returning in 1853, he resided awhile at Frankfort, Ky., but afterward engaged in mer- cantile pursuits at Louisville. Brig.-gen. Sept. 231 17, 1861, and assigned acom. under Gen. Buell. For gallantry at the battle of Shiloli, April 6 and 7, 1862, he was promoted tomaj.-gen., July 17, and assigned a division in the army of the Tenn. He afterward com. the 2d corps, com- posing the left wing of the army of the Ohio under Gen. Buell, and in Oct. was attached to Gen Rosecrans's dept. of the Cumberland, tak- ing part in the battles of Stone River and Chick- amauga, where his corps was routed, and after- wards com. a division of the 9th corps in the Va. campaign of 1864; col. 17th U.S. Inf., July 28, 1866 ; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. 2 Mar. 1867. Crocker, IIann-.\h Mather, grand-daugh- ter of Cotton Mather, and widow of Joseph C. of Taunton, b. Boston, 1765; d. Roxbury, Ms., July 10, 1847. Pub. " Letters on Free Mason- ry," 1815, with a preface by T. M. Harris; " The Scliool of Reform ; " " Seamen's Safe Pilot," &c.; "Observations on the Rights of Wo- man," 1818; "Statement" respecting Mad- am KnigJit, in the Lib. of the Antiq. Soc. at Worcester. Dau. of Rev. Samuel. — See Liv- ing Age, No. 735 ; AUihone. Crocker, Marcellus M., brev. maj -gen., vols. ; d. Washington, D.C., Aug. 1865. Studied 2 years at West Point; settled as a lawyer in Des Moines, Iowa. Maj. 2d Iowa vols., May, 1861 ; col. 13 July, 1861, and disting. at Shiloh ; brig.-gen. in the Atlanta campaign under Sherman. Crockett, Col. David, noted for eccen- tricity, b. Greene Co., Tenn., 17 Aug. 1786; d. 6 MaV. 1836, at San Antonio de Bexar. Son of a Revol. soldier. His education was scanty ; but he became a noted marksman and hunter. Served under Gen Jackson in his Creek cam- paign, 1813-14; was a member of the legisl., and was M.C. in 1828-34, but, becoming an opponent of Pres. Jackson, lost popularity, and, in 1834, removed to Texas. At Washington, his singular manners and oddity of expression, gave him great notoriety. Engaging with zeal in the contest with the Mexicans, he fell, while heroically fighting in defence of the Alamo. His autobiography was pub. Phila., 1834, " Tour to the North and Down East," 1835 ; " Sketches and Eccentricities," 1847 ; " Exploits in Texas," "Life of Van Buren," 1835. His son John W., M C. 1838-43, d. Memphis, Tenn., 24 Nov. 1852. Croes, John, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1811), Pr.- Ep. bishop of N.J., b. Elizabethtown .'jS; d. New Brunswick, July 30, 1832. Oi German extraction. His early efforts to procure an education by his own exertions were retarded by the Revol. war, during the latter years of which he was engaged in defence of his coun- try. Ord. deacon in 1790, and, in 1792, priest. After officiating at Swedesborough, he was, in 1801, invited by the societies of Christ Church, N. Brunswick, and St. Peter's Church, Spotts- wood, to become their pastor, and was at the same time elected principal of the Acad, at N. Brunswick. This charge he resigned in 1808, having previously resigned that of the church at Spottswood.and devoted himself solely to the church at N. Brunswick. Elected, in 1815, bishop of Ct., he declined the appt., and was consec. bishop of N. J., 19 Nov. 1815. Croghan (kro'-gan), Col. George, Indian agent, b. Ireland ; d. Passayunk, Pa., ab. Aw. 1782. He was educated in Dublin ; settled near.Harrisburg, Pa. ; was an Indian trader as early as 1746, and, acquiring their languages and their confidence, became agent for the Colony. He was a capt. in Braddock's exped. in 1755 ; was employed in defence of the Wes- tern frontier in 1756, and in Nov. was made dep. Indian agent for the Pa. and Ohio Indi- ans by Sir W. Johnson, who in 1763 sent him to Eng. to confer with the ministry ab. an Indian boundary-line. In this voyage, he was shipwrecked on the coast of France. While on his way, in 1765, to pacify the Illinois Indians, he was attacked, June 8, wounded, and taken to Vincennes, but was soon released, and accom- plished his mission. In May, 1766, he made a settlement 4 miles above Fort Pitt. He con- tinuL-d to render valuable service in pacifying the Indians, and conciliating them to the Bri- tish interest until 1776. He was an object of suspicion to the Revol. authorities in 1778, but, as he continued to reside on his farm, was, doubtless, unjustly accused. — 0'C'a//a(7Aan. Croghan, George, insp.-gen. U.'S.A., b. near Louisville, Ky., Nov. 15, 1791 ; d. N. Or- leans, Jan. 8, 1849'. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1810. His faxher was Maj. William Croghan of the Revol., and his mother was a sister of Gen. Geo. Rogers Clarke. Aide to Col. Boyd at the battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, and made capt. 17th Inf., Mar. 12, 1812. He highly disting. himself under Harrison, in the sortie from Fort Meigs ; became his aide-de-camp, rank of maj., Mar. 30, 1813, and, on the 1st and 2d of Aug. following, conducted the memorable de- fence of Fort Stephenson, at Lower Sandusky, against Gen. Proctor, with an army of 500 reg- ulars and 700 Indians. Maj. Croghan was brev. lieut.-col. for his gallantry on this occasion, and subsequently received from Congress a gold medal. Made a lieut.-col. Feb. 21, 1814; upon the reduction of the army at the close of the war, he was transferred to the 1st Inf. He resigned in 1817 ; was postmaster at New Or- leans in 1824, and was app. insp.-gen., with the rank of col., Dec. 21, 1825. In 1846, he joined Taylor's army in Mexico, and served with credit at the battle of Monterey. His son. Col. George St. John Croghas, was killed in a skirmish in W Va. during Floyd's retreat from Colton Hill, in Dec. 1861. He' invented a pack-saddle for mules, for conveying wounded men over the steep mountain-passes of W. Va., successfully used. Croix, John Baptist de la, bishop of Quebec, b. of a noble family of Grenoble, France, 1653 ; d. Quebec, Dec. 28, 1727. First almoner to Louis XIV., he came to Canada in 1 685 as successor of Bishop Laval. He founded 3 hospitals, and displayed great charity to the poor. Cronyn, Rt. Rev. Benjamin, consec. bishop of Huron in 1857, b. 1802. Educated at Trin. Coll., Dnblin. Taking orders, he held a pastoral charge in Canada. D. Sept. 22, 1871. Crook, George, brev. maj.-gen. U. S. A., b. near Dayton, 0.. Sept. 8, 1828. W. Point, 1852. Entering the 4th Inf, he became 1st lieut. Mar. 1856, and capt. May 14, 1861 ; com. CRO Pitt River expcd., and wounded by an Indian arrow, 10 June, 1857 ; became, Sept. 12, 1861, col. 36th 0. vols., serving in Western Va., and, at the head of 1,300 men, repulsed a much larger body of Confederates at Louisburg, Greenbrier Co., Apr. 23, 1862. Brig.-gen. Sept. 7, 1862; toolicom.of the dist. of Kanawha, and engaged in tlie battles of South Mountain and Antietara; transferred in Jan. 1863 to com. the 2d cavalry div. of the Army of the Cum- berland ; fought at Chickamauga ; defeated and drove the rebel Gen. Wheeler across the Ten- nessee with great loss ; com. the 3d div. in W. Va. in April, 1864; defeated and killed Gen. Jenkins at Cloyd Mountain, May 9; brev. lai.-gen. July 18, and put in com. of the army -— ■ lan's brilliant !■ 1 I'^pr-eial- ' ,r Creek, - m Lee's of W.'Va. "hc took part operations in the She ly at Opequan, Fishc and in his cavalry o Crosby, Alpheus, scholar, b. Sandwich, N.H., Oct. 13, 1810. Dartm. Coll. 1827. Pre- ceptor of Moor's Charity School, Hanover, 1827-8; tutor at Dartm. Coll., 1829-31 ; prof, of Latin and Greek there, 1833-7 ; of Greek Greek text-books, an edition of Xenophon's " Anabasis ; " " First Lessons in Geometry ; " and an " Essay on the Second Advent." Crosby, Enoch, a Revol. patriot, said to be the original of Cooper's " Harvey Birch," the " Spy," b. Harwich, Ms., Jan. 4, 1750 ; d. June 26, 1835. During his infancy, his parents set- tled in South-east, Duchess Co., N.Y. He be- came a shoemaker, but, when the Revol. broke out, shouldered a musket, became engaged in the " secret service," and afterward iuimil the army under Heath, stationed in tli.^ lli-lihunU. The narrative of his life and luh vmui c, i.,ki-u surrender. Maj.-gen. vol;. -1 L>a. i-mI; Feb. 21, 1865, he was capturi;d by guerillas, who surprised his quarters in the night, and was ex- changed Mar. 20 ; brev. brig.- gen. U. S. A. 13 Mar. 1863, for the camp, of 1864 in W. Va; lieut.-col. 23d Inf , July 28, 1866 ; brev. maj.- gen. U. S. A. for Fisher's Hill, Y3.. — Beid's Ohio in ty War. Crooks, George R., D.D., clergyman and lexicographer, b. Phila., Feb. 3, 1822. Dick. Coll. 1840. He entered the ministry of the M. E. Church in 1841; labored in' Fulton, Knox, and Peoria Counties, III.; was chosen tutor in Dick. Coll. in 1842, and in 1843 be- came principal of the grammar school of the coll., and assoc. with Prof. McClintock in pre- paring Latin and Greek text-books. In 1846, he was elected adjunct prof of ancient lan- guages, but in 1848 resumed the pastoral oflSce. He has had charge of prominent churches in Phila., Wilmington, and New York, and holds a high rank as a preacher. He has pub. an edition of " Butler's Analogy," with an analy- sis, notes, and an index, and a Latin-English le.xicon. Contrib. to Meth. Q'larlerli/ Rev. Cropper, Gen. John, Revol. officer, b. Va., 1756; d. Bowman's Folly, Aecomac Co., Va., Jan. 15, 1821. Capt. in the 9th Va. regt. in 1775, he was soon promoted to a majority in the 5th regt., which, at the battle of the Bran- dywine, was nearly cut to pieces ; was then made lieut.-col. of the 7th Va. regt, and was at the battles of Germantown and Monmouth. Lieut.-col. Uth regt.. May 15, 1778; afterwards its col. Cropsey, J.\sper Francis, artist, b. Stat- en Island, N.Y., Feb. 18, 1823. He studied architecture, but, on account of ill-health, de- voted himself to landscape-painting, and by his picture of Greenwood Lake, N. Y., gained a membership in the Acad, of Design. From 1847 to 1850, he studied in Europe. Among his most successful pictures since are the " Sibyl's Temple," "American Harvesting," " Peace " and " War," " Autumn on the Hud- son," " Richmond Hill," and " Niagara Falls." From June, 1856, to 1863, he resided in Eng. He has executed designs for illustrated books of poems, compositions entitled " The Olden Time," "A Tournament," and " Return from Hawking." from his own lips by Capt. H. L. Harnuiii, lias been pub., entitled " The Spy Unmasked," 8vo, N.Y., 1828. — iossinc;. Crosby, Howard, b. N.Y. City, 1826. Prof, of Greek in the U. of N.Y. ; chancellor, Nov. 18, 1870. Great-grandson of Wm. Floyd. Pub. "Lands of the Moslem," 8vo, 1851; the New Testament, with brief explan. notes. Editor of Sophocles' CEdipus Tvrannus. Crosby, Pierce, capt. U. S. N., b. Dela- ware Co., Pa., Jan. 16, 1823. Midshipman, Jan. 5, 1838; lieut. Sept. 3, 1853; com. Sept. 2, 1862; capt. May 27, 1868; attached to sloop " Decatur," and present at Tabasco and Tuspan, Mexico ; served in Chesapeake Bay, 1861', and sloop " Cumberland," NAB. squad- ron, at capture of Hatteras, where he rendered essential service in landing troops; com. steamer "Pinola," W. Gulf squad., 1862 ; co-operated in bombard, and capture of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, and N. Orleans, and in the removal of obstructions in the river previous to the battle ; and at Vicksburg, and engagement with the ram "Arkansas ; " com. iron-clad "Sangamon," 1863; steamer " Florida," 1863-4, in engage- ment at Masonboro'Inlet,N.C.,while destroying four blockade-runners; com. steamer " Meta- comet" in attack on Mobile, and planned and constructed torpedo drag-nets for Blakely River, and com. " Shamokin," S.A. squadron, 1866-8. — Hamersli/. Cross, Trueman.coI., assist.qnartcrm.-gcn. U. S. A., b. Md.; killed by Mex. l.arM tr, :, ,,r FortBrown, Apr. 21,1846. 1 . ; 1 (, Apr. 27, 1814; capt. Sept. 1-1 ', .. ji- gen. Oct. 19, 1820;q.-mr. Mav.j, l-^<. : ,i ,-i. q.-mr.-gen., rank col., July 7, Isij; elm! of q.-mr.'s depart, of army of occupation from Oct. 1845 till his death. Author of " Military Laws of the U.S." — Gardner. Croswell, Andrevv, clergyman, b. Charlestown, Ms., 1709; d. Boston, April 12, 1785. H.U. 1728. Ord. North Groton, Oct. 14, 1736. After having been two years settled in Groton, Ct., ho was, Oct. 6, 1748, installed over a society in Boston, formed by persons from other churches. He was much engaged in religious controversy ; wrote a narrative of the new Cong. Church ; a defence of the doc- trine of justification, 1746; an answer to Giles Firmin's 8 arguments on this subject; several 233 CRXJ sermons against Arminians ; controversial writings with Turell, Cuiiiming, and otiiers; part of an exposition of Paul's journey to Da- mascus, 1768 r remarks on BishopWarburlon's sermon before the Society for Propagating the Gospel, 1768 ; remarks on commencement drol- lery, 1771, &c. CrOSWell, Edwin, journalist and politi- cian, nephew of Kev. Harry, b. Catskill, N.Y., 29 May, 1797; d. Princeton, N.J., 13 June, 1871. He became assist, editor of the Catskill Recorder, sustaining the War of 1812, and, on the retirement of his father, managed the paper so as to attract the attention of prominent pub- lic men. In 1824, he took charge of the Alba- ny Argus, which he clianged to a daily, and made one of the chief organs of the Democ. ])arty. State printer, 1823— tO. He retired from the Arrius in 1854. He pub. addresses and other literary productions. Croswell, Haery. D.D. ( Trin.Coll. 1 831 ), clergyman, b. West Hartford, Ct., June 16, 1778"; d. -New Haven, March 13,1858. Noah Webster was his schoolmaster. In 1802, he became editor and proprietor of the Balance, a famous Federal newspaper, at Hudson, N.Y. He wrote vigorously and severely of political opponents. An articlepublished'in the Wasp, a journal also under his direction, levelled at Jefferson, led to a libel-suit, and the celebrat- ed trial in which Hamilton made his last and one of his greatest forensic efforts. Removing to Albany in 1808, he established a Federal paper, and was again prosecuted for libel ; his opponent, Mr. Southwick recovering damages. Dissatisfied with politics, Mr. Croswell took deacon's orders in the Pr.-Ep. Church in 1814, preached at Christ Church, Hudson, N.Y , and in 1815 commenced his ministry at Trinity Church, New Haven, which terminated only with his death. He was the author of a me- moir of his son Eev. Wm. Croswell, " Rudi- ments of the Church," and " Family Prayers." Croswell, William, D.D. ( frin. Coll. 1846), Pr.-Ep. clergyman and scholar, son of Dr. Harrv, b. Hudson, N.Y., Nov. 7, 1804 ; d. Boston, Nov. 9, 1851. Y. C. 1822. He com- menced the study of law at Albany, N.Y., in conjunction with literary labors in 1824, but in 1826 entered the gen. theol. sem. in New Y'ork. He pursued his theol. studies at Hart- ford, in 1827, under the direction of Bishop Brownell, at the same time editing the Christian Watchman, and indultjing his poetic vein in compositions, among the sweetest and most pa- thetic in our language. Adm. in the spring of 1 829 to the priesthood ; rector of Christ Church, Boston, 1829-40 ; of St. Peter's, Auburn, N.Y., 1840-44; but in 1844 returned to Boston to take charge of a new parish, the Church of the Advent, and was involved in a controversy with Bishop Eastburn. A memoir of his life by his father, together with his poems and cor- respondence, was pub. in New York, 8vo, 18.53. His life was a beautiful example of self- denying charity and religious devotion., Crowe, Fbederick, clergyman and author, b. Belgium ; d. N.Y. City, Nov. 7, 1858. He was the son of a British subject. Came to Balize about 1838, and established himself as an independent missionary; labored 13 years in disseminating the Scriptures in Spanish Amer., and was the author of a valuable his- torical work on Central America. He was expelled from San Salvador, as is said, by the Catholics, because he circulated the Bible, and intended to open a school in San Miguel. After being imprisoned, harassed, and at last driven by mob-violence from the country, he came to N.Y. , and soon after died. Crowninshield, Benjamin Williams, sec. navv, Dec. 1814, to Nov. 1818; M C. I82.';-31 ; b. Boston, Dec. 27, 1772; d. there, Feb. 3, 1851 ; State senator, 1811, '22, '23. Cruger, Henry, jim., politician, b. N.Y. City. 1739; d. there Apr. 24, 1827. Henry, his father, merchant, and member of the as- sembly and council of N.Y., went to Eng. for his health, and d. Bristol, Feb. 8, 1780, a. 78. He established himself in trade in Bristol with his father, succeeding him as mayor in 1781. Elected to parliament as the colleague of Burke in 1774, and re-elected in 1784, he advocated upon all occasions a conciliatory course toward his countrymen. He retorted with such sever- ity upon Col. Grant, who stated in parliament that the Americans would never dare to face an English army, as to be called to order by the speaker. After the war, he was a merchant in N.Y., and was elected to the State senate while still a member of parliament. A bro., J. H., was a col. in the royal army ; another, a merchant of N.Y., was identified with the Whigs, and a friend of Gen. Washington. Cruger, John, uncle of Henry ; d. N.Y. City, 1791-2, a. 82. Mayorof N.Y. City, 1764; speaker of the assembly, 1765; a proposer, and afterward a prominent member, of the first N.Y. Prov. Congress in 1775. The Declaration of Rights issued by that body was written by him. Cruger, Lieht.-Col. John Harris, loyalist, b. N.Y. City, 1738; d. London, June 3, 1807. Nephew of John, and brother of Henry. He succeeded his father Henry as a member of the council, and at the beginning of the Revol. was also chamberlain of N.Y. City. He was a son-in-law of Col. Delancey, and com. the 1st batt. of his loyalist corps. Captured at a plantation in Belfast, Ga., in June, 1780, but was soon exchanged for Col. John Mcintosh. In Sept. he made a forced march to Augusta to relieve Col. Browne, and arrived most opportunely. His corps formed the British centre at the battle of Eutaw Springs, and was disting. His defence of Ninety-Six, when attacked by Greene in May, 1781, backed by the engineering skill of Kosciusko, and until relieved by Rawdon, earned for him great and just applause. His property was confiscated; and he went to Eng. after the war. Cruse, Peter Hoffman, b. Baltimore, 1793; d. 1832. He edited the Baltimore American several years, and contrib. largely to reviews. Some of his poetry will be found in " The Red Book," a periodical pub. in Bal- timore, 1818-19, by Mr. Cruse and J. P. Ken- nedy. — Allihone. Cruttenden, Datid H., b. Saratoga Co., N.Y., 1816. Un. Coll. 1841. Author of a series of " Systematic Arithmetics," " Philos- 234 ophy of Sententiul Language ;"" Geography and History combined," &c. — Allibone. Cudworth, Gen. James; d.Eng.,1682,a. ab. 70. Son of Rev. Ralph, and bro. of Ralph Cudworth, D.D., author of " The Intellectual System of the Universe." He came to Ply- mouth in 1634; soon removed to Seituate ; was several years assist, and one of the council of war. He com. the Plymouth troops in Philip's war; was next in military renown to Standish, and was a brave and prudent officer. Independent in his opinions, and tolerant, he opposed the severe measures against the Quakers, and was therefore unpopular. He ters on public business as are still extant afford evidence of a good education. Dcp. gov. 1681. Cufiee, Paul, a philanthropic negro sea- capt., b. on one of the Elizabeth Isles, near N. Bedford, Ms., 1759; d. Sept. 7, 1818. His father, a native of Africa, was once a slave ; his mother was of Indian extraction. A com- manding presence, strong common sense, and untiring industry and enterprise, procured him a handsome fortune in seafaring pursuits. He was an esteemed member of the society of Friends. He encouraged the emigration of the free people of color in this country to Sierra Leone. In 1815, he carried thither 38 emigrants, 30 at his own expense, furnishing them, on arrival, with means of subsistence ; spending in this enterprise nearly S4,000. He pub. in 1812 a brief account of the colony of Sierra Leone. Cullum, George Washington, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. City, Feb. 25, 1812. West Point, 1833. Entering the engr. corps, lie bet.ime capt. July 7, 1B38; maj. Aug. 6, 1861; licut.-col. Mar. 3, 1863; col. Mar. 7, 1867. He was employed in the construction of Fort Adams and o'ther works at Newport, R.I. ; from 1838 to 1848, he superintended the erection of Fort Trumbull, and the battery at Fort Griswold, New London, Ct., and from 1846 to 1848 of Forts Warren, Independence, and Winthrop, in Boston harbor. From 1848 to 1855, he was instructor of practical engineer- ing at West Point, during which time he spent two years in foreign travel for his health, and in 1853-4 constrncted the N.Y. assay office. He was also, in 1848, com. of sappers, miners, and pontoniers in the army. He afterward superintended the construction of the fortifica- tions and other public works in N. and S. Carolina, and in 1858 took charge of those at N. Bedford, Newport, N. London, and New York, on the Sound. Early in 1861, he was ordered to Washington ; served as aide-de-camp to Gen. Scott, with the rank of col. Nov. 1, 1861, he was made a brig.-gen. of vols., and app. chief of staff and engrs. to Gen. Halleck, serving through the campaign before Corinth, and accomp. him to Washington. While at the West, he also had com. for some time at Cairo, III., and in 1861—4 was a member of the U.S. sanitary comraiss. ; supt. U.S. military acad., 8 Sept. 1864 to 28 Aug. 1866; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865, for merit, services in the Rebellion. Gen. Cullum has pub. a " Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U.S. Military Academy," 1850 ; " Mili- tary Bridges with India-Ruhber Pontoons," 1849, 2d ed., 1863 ; a translation of Duparcq's " Elements of Military Art and History," 1863, and " Biog. Register of the Officers and Grad. of West Point," 2 vols., 1368. Culpepper, John, a surveyor-gen. and political leader in the Carolinas, was a refugee from the Southern or Clarendon colony, and in 1678 headed an insurrecrion in the Northern or Albemarle colony, in favor of popular lib- erty. Under his lead, the people deposed tne pres. and deputies of the proprietaries, seized the public funds, app. new magistrates and judges, called a parliament, and took all the functions of govt, into their own hands. Cul- pepper was then sent to Eng. to negotiate a compromise. Indicted for high-treason, he was, through the influence of Shaftesbury, ac- quitted ; returned to Carolina, and in 1680 laid out the city of Charleston. — Applelon. Culpepper, Thomas, Lord. gov. of Va., 1680-3 ; d. 1719. He was one of the grantees of the territory of Va., and in 1669 purchased of his co-grantees their rights between the Rap- pahannock and Potomac Rivers. He had been one of the commissioners for plantations in July, 1675. He was an able but an artful and covetous man. His estate descended to his dan.. Lady Fairfax. Returning to Eng. in ] 683, in violation of his orders, he was arrested immediately on liis arrival ; and having re- ceived presents from the assembly, contrary to his instructions, a jury of Middlesex found that he had forfeited his commission. Culvert, George, a head chief and war- rior of the Choctaw nation, b. 1744; d. Fort Towson, Ark., Nov. 4, 1839; served under Washington in the Revol., and received from him a com. of maj. of militia in the U.S. ser- vice, and a sword. He served under Wayne, and also under Jackson, against theScminoks, in 1814. For his bravery, Jackson presented him with a col's, com., and afterward (during his presidency) with a sword. He educated his sons, and established them on plantations among his people. He was, physically and mentally, a great man. Cummmg, Alfred, brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Ga., 1829 ; killed at the battle of Jonesboro', Ga., Sept. 1, 1864. West Point, 1849. Capt. 10th Inf., 20 July, 1856 ; res. Jan. 19, 1861, and entered rebel army. — Cullum. Cumming, Gen. John Noble, Revol. officer; d. Newark, N.J., July 6, 1821, a 69. N.J. Coll. 1774. He was a relative of Rev. Alex. His son. Rev. Hooper Cumming, D.D., minister of Newark, d. Charleston, S.C., Dec. 1825. N.J. Coll. 1805. Cumming, Major-Gen. Robert, naval officer of the Revol.; d. Libertytown, Md., Feb. 14, 1826, a. 70. Cumming, William, col., b. Ga., 178S ; d. Augusta, Ga., Feb. 1863. App. maj. 8th Inf., 25 Mar. 1813; wounded at the battle of Chrystler's Fields, 11 Nov. 1813; adj.-gen., rank of col., 16 Feb. 1814 to 31 Mar. 1815; severely wounded at Lundy's Lane ; app. maj.- gen. 3 Mar. 1847, declined. He studied at the Litchf. Law School, but, inheriting a fortune, never practised. He wounded McDviffie in a duel. CXTM 235 CummingS, Asa, D.D. (B.C. 1847), min- ister of North Yarmouth, Me., 1821-9; editor of the Chnslhn J/otoj, Portland, from 1826 to 1856; b. Andover, Ms., Sept. 29, 1790 ; d. at sea, June 5, 1856, while returning fiom Pana- ma. II.U. 1817. Tutor at Bond. Coll. 1819- 20 He iHib. " Memoirs of Dr. Payson." CummingS, IIenut, D.D. (H.U. 1800), divinr, i, III, I,-, \,1I., Sept. 28, 17.'39 ; d. Bal- tiniM. ^ I . ;. H. U. 1760. Ord. at Buliiih l,i _'. i:(>3. Many years settled at IMhi,. ,, \;- l'..iirteen of his occasional disccHu^es were pill).— .4//e«. CummingS, J,\cob A., teacher and book- seller of Boston, b. Hollis, N.H., Nov. 2, 1772 ; d. Feb. 24, 1820. H. U. 1801. He pub. some elementary sehool-buoks, " New-Testament Questions," 1817; "Geography, Ancient and Alodern." CummingS, Joseph, D.D. , LL.D., pres. of the Wesl. U.. Middleiown.Ci., b. Falnioulh, Me., March 3, 1817. We»l U. 1840. Hebe- came prof, of niituial seiiMice in the Amenia Sem., N.Y., and priiR-ipal in 1843. He was licen.sed to preach in 1841 ; in 1846 joined the N. E. conrcrence ; was iu 1853 app. prof, of theolo;;y in the Meth. gen. biblical institute at Concord, N.H. ; pres. of Geneva College, 1854- 7, and of Wesleyan U. since 1857; D.D. of Wes. U. 1854; LL.D. of the North-western U. 1866. Cummins, Ebenkzek H., clergyman and author, b. N.C. ; d. Washington, Jan. 17, 1833. Frank. Coll. 1804. He was educated for the bar in Ga.; served in the State legisl.,then entered the marine corps; afterward studied di- vinity, and settled in Baltimore, where he was a magistrate. Author of a " History of the Late War," 8vo, Bait., 1820; " Geography of Ala.," 1819. Cummins, Feascis, D.D. (U. of Ga. 1820), Presb. clergyman, b. nearShippensburg, Pa., 1752 ; d, Greenesboro', Ga., 22 Feb. 1832. A. M. of N.J. Coll. 1787. He was a Revol. patriot ; and his name is connected with the celebrated Mecklenburg Declaration of Inde- pendence of May, 1775 ; licensed by the pres- bytery of Orange, N.C, 15 Dec. 1780; mem- ber of the S.C. convention, to consider the U.S. Constitaiion in 1778. For 53 years, he was pastor of different churches in S.C. and Ga. — Spragne. Cummins, Maria S., novelist, b. Salem, Apr. 10, 1827 ; d. Dorchester, Ms., Oct. 1, 1866. Dau. of Judge David. Author of "Lamp- lighter," 1853; " El Fureidis," 1860; "Mabel Vaughan," 1857 ; " Haunted Hearts," and other novels. She was a contrib. to the Atlan- tir. Monthltj and Young Folks. Her first book attained a sale of 100,000. Cunha Barbosa (Koon'-ya bar-bo'-sii), Januaeio iiA, Brazilian prelate and states- man, b. July 10, 1780 ; d. Feb. 22, 1846. He was chaplain of John VI., and afterward prof, of moral philosophy. Dec. 15, 1821, he estab- lished, in conjunction with Ledo, a" political journal at Rio de Janeiro, favoring Brazilian independence. After this had been declared, Cunha was, at the instigation of his enemies, arrested Dec. 7, 1822, and banished to France. To repair this injustice, he was app. in 1824 canon of the imperial chapel. In 1826, he be- came a member of the assembly. In concert with Gen. Cunha, he founded "the Hist, and Geog. Society of Rio de Janeiro. He also ed- ited a political journal favorable to the govt., and an agricultural paper. He was also impe- rial historiographer, and director of the nation- al library. He left a small vol. of poems. — Ap- pklon. Cunba Mattos, Ratmdnde Jose da, Brazilian gen. and author, b. Faro, Prov. of Al- garve_ Nov. 2, 1776; d. March, 1840. Heentered the Portuguese army in 1790, served 3 years in the south of France, and 18 years in Africa, then served in Rio Janeiro, and was afterwards acting gov. of St. Thomas. In 1817, he re- turned to Brazil, com. the art. of Pernambu- co, and subsequently governed the province of Goyaz. He pub. a work on the interior of Brazil, in 1836. Removing to Rio de Janeiro in 1826, he was elected to the legisl. ; directed the military acad. of Rio in 1832, and was soon after made com.-in-chief of the Brazilian army. He was sec. for life of the Industrial Aid Society, and one of the founders, and for several years vice-prcs., of the Hist. Society of Rio de Janeiro. Cunningham, Gen. Robeet, loyalist; d. Nassau, New Providence, 1813, a. 74. In 1769, he settled in the dist. of Ninety-Six, and be- came a judge; imprisoned by tlie Whigs in Charleston, in 1775-July, 1776; made a brig.- gen. of loyalists in 1780, and placed in com. of a garrison in S.C. He removed to Nassau, N.P. The British Govt, compensated him for his losses, and gave him an annuity. Cunningham, William, prov.-marshal of the British army in New York during the Revol. war, was executed for forgery at London Dock, Aug. 10, 1791. (See his con- fession in Ms. Centinel, Feb. 15, 1792.) Of re starved privately hung without ceremony. Curry, Daniel, D.D. (Wesl. U. 1852), clergyman and author, b. near Peekskill, N.Y., Nov."26, 1809. Wesl. U., Ct., 1837. Princi- pal of the Troy Conference Acad., 1837. In 1839 he removed to Ga , where he was sta- tioned successively at Athens, Savannah, and Columbus. He entered the N.Y. Conference in 1844. After having been stationed in the cities of N.Y., N. Haven, Brooklyn, and Hart- ford, he was, in 1854-7, pres. of the Indiana Asbuiy U. Returning to Brooklyn, he was, in 1858, pastor of the church in Middletown, and in 1862, at 37th St., N.Y. City. He has contrib. to the magazines of the day. Author of " Life of Wycliffe, and " Metropolitan City of America." He has also edited Southey's "Life of Wesley." Ed. of the Christian Ad- vocata since 1864. Curry, Jabez Lafayette Monroe, politician, b. Lincoln Co., Ga., June 5, 1825; removed in 1838, with his family, to Talladega Co., Ala. U. of Ga. 1843 ; H.U. Law School in 1845, and became a disting. lawyer. Mem- ber of the Ala. H. of representatives in 1847, '53, and '55; and in 1857-61, M.C., distin- guishing himself as a debater. Jan. 7, 1861, he joined the other representatives of Ala. at Washington in advising the immediate seces- sion of tlie State. He was a member of the Confed. Congress. After the war, he became Baptist preacher, and pres. of Howard Coll., Ala 1865. Curtin, Andrew Gregg, statesman, b. Bellefonte, Pa., Apr. 28, 1817. Adm. to the bar in 1839, and practised at Bellefonte. He canvassed the State for Clay in 1844, and for Taylor in 1848. From 1855 to 1858, he was ipt. schools sec. of Pa. In 1 860, he was elected gov. by theRepiib. party. When the civil war broke out in 1861, he was zealous in organizing troops, and in May, 1861, in a message to the legisl., advised the establishment of a reserve-corps, which ren- dered important service to the country. He was re-elected in 186.3, and was one of the lead- ing spirits among the loyal govs, of the North- ern States during the civil war. He was active in the election of Gen. Grant, who app. him minister to Russia in Apr. 1869. Curtis, Alva, M.D.,b.N.H., 1797. Edit- ed Physkv-Med. Recorder 20 years in Cincin. Author of "Medical Discussions," 12mo, 18.33; " Lectures on Obstetrics," 8vo, 1838 ; " Theory and Practice of Medicine," 8vo, 1842, repub. in Eng. ; "Medical Criticisms," 1856. — AI- libone. Curtis, Benjamin Eobbins, LL.D. (H.U. 1852), jurist, b. Watertown, Ms., Nov. 4, 1809. H.U. 1829. Adm. to the bar in 1832, he com- menced practice atNorthfield, Ms., but in 1834 removed to Boston, where he took high rank. App. to the bench of the U.S. Supreme Court in Sept. 1851, he resigned in the autumn of 1857, and has since practised his profession in Boston. He was two years in the Ms. H. of representatives. In Mar. 1868, he was one of the counsel for Pres. Johnson before' the Court of Impeachment. Author of" Reports of U.S. Circuit Court," 2 vols., 1857 ; " Decisions of the U.S. Sup. Court," 22 vols. ; " Digest " of the same to 1854, 8vo, Boston. Curtis, George Ticknor, jurist and author, bro. of B. R. Curtis, b. Watertown, Ms., Nov. 28, 1812. H.U. 1832. Adm. to the Suffolk bar, Aug. 1836, and representative in 1840-4. Mr. Curtis has pub. " Rights and Duties of Merchant Seamen," " Digest of the Decisions of the Courts of Common Law and Admiralty," 2 vols. ; also of " Cases in the Amer. and English Courts of Admiralty," "American Conveyancer," " Treatise on the Law of Patents," "Equity Precedents," a ract, entitled " The Rights of Conscience and Property, " a treatise on the " Law of Co])ynght," and a "Life of Daniel Webster," 2 vols., 8vo. He has also delivered a course of 12 lectures on the History of the U.S. Con- stitution. In 1854-8, ha pub. " Commentaries on the Jurisprudence, Practice, and Peculiar Jurisdiction, of the Courts of the U.S." His best known work is a " History of the Origin, Formation, and Adoption of the Constitution of the U.S.," 2 vols., 1855-8. Curtis, George William, author, b. Providence, R.I., Feb. 24, 18i!4. His mother, was a dau. of Senator Burrill of R.I. He re- ceived his early education at Jamaica Plain, Ms. When he was 15, his father removed to N.Y., where he was one year in a counting- house. In 1 S42, he went with his elder brother to reside with the Brook Farm Assoc, where he remained 18 months, and also spent a similar period in Concord, Ms., engaged in agriculture and study, and enjoying the society of Emer- son and Hawthorne. In 1846, lie went to Europe, and, after a year in Italy, entered the U.of Berlin, witnessingtherevol. scenesof 1848. The 2 following years he spent chiefly in travel in Europe, Egypt, and Syria. He returned to the U.S. in 18"50. Joining the editorial staff- of the N.Y. Tribune, a series of letters to that journal afterwards appeared, entitled "Lotus Eating." He was one of the orijjinal editors of Putnam's Montldi/, and, in the attempt to save its creditors from loss by the failure of the pub- lishers, sunk his entire private fortune. As a lyceum lecturer since 1853, he has met with great success. In the presidential canvass of 1856, he enlisted with great zeal as a public speaker on behalf of the Repub. party. He has delivered several poems and orations before literary bodies. In the winter of 1858, he ad- vocated the rights of women in a lecture en- titled " Fair Play for Women." Hehas contrih. to, andfor many years edited. Harpers' Monthly, and since 1857 tlarpers' Weekly. Author of " The Potiphar Papers," a series of satiric sketches of society ; " Trumps," a novel ; " Nile-Notes of a Howadji," 1850 ; " Howadji, in Syria," 1852; " Prue and I," 1856. He edited A. J. Downing's " Rural Essays," with a memoir. Curtis, Samoel Ryan, maj.-gen. vols., b. O., Feb. 3, 1807; d. Council Bluffs, la., Dec. 25, 1866. WestPoint, 1831. Hisfamily was from Ct. Resigning from the army in 1 832, he studied and practised law, and was in 1837-40 engr. of the Muskingum Works. As col. 2d 0. vols., he served under Taylor, and as assist adj. -gen. to Gen. Wool in the Mexican war, and was for a time gov. of SaltlUo, Mex. He was afterward engaged in engineering at the West; settled as a lawyer at Keokuk, la., in 1855, and was M.C. in 1857-61. Here he was identified with the Repub. party and with the Pacific Railroad project. Member of the peace congress, 1861. When the Rebellion broke out, he became col. 2d la. vols. ; app. brig.-gen. May 17, 1861, and maj.-gen. Mar. 21, 1862. He com. the army operating in S. W. Mo , and gained the victory of Pea Ridge over Price and McCuUoch, Mar. 6-8, 1862. He was in com. at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., during the Price raid in Oct. 1S64, and co-operated in the pursuit anl lii :> i; .1 I'l ]ri_''s army. U.S. commis. to n - mix, Cheyennes, and other Iiiii :it ; i \ lu -Nov. 1865, and to examine ill' I'm -n I'l .u; Railroad, Nov. 1865 to Apr. 186C. CurtiSS, Abbt Allin, poet, b. Pomfret, Ct., 15 Sept. 1820. Daniel Allin, her father, was a sea-captain of Providence, R I. Her first piece, " Take me Home to Die," app. in Neal's Gazette in 1846. In Sept. 1852, she m. Daniel S. Curtiss, farmer-editor of Chicago, and resides at Madison, Wis. Author of "Home Ballads," Boston, 1 850. — Poefs am/ Poetri/ of the West. Curwen, SAMCEL,a merchant and loyalist, 237 cus the ministr •y, bii It cn< suits in Sill L'vn.s ind ii a capt. in I 'e,,,K^ i-'-l''- Louisbu,-. In 1 post officer ■ l"i- 1 judge of tl w A country in .M;iy . i ' 7 til thc':u,ii • ■< i; Salem, Ms., Dec. 28, 1715; d. there Apr. 9, J02. Son of Rev. George. He was educated for ijaged in commercial pur- II the winter of 1 744-5 was : nrri ,• f;i! pxped. against ■"■: 1 i I, wasapp. im- . I II. I in 1775 was I :» I in,t. He left his i, iitiil rcMilcd abroad un- 7si, wlicu lie returned to his naiiv.. mun IIin .lonrnal and Letters were pub. in IML', \siili iniiiccs of his fellow-loyal- ists, by iliu ediior, Geo. A. Ward of N. Y. Cu'shing, Caleb, LL.D. (H. U. 1852), politician, orator, and jurist, b. Salisbury, Ms., Jan. 17, 1800. H. U. 1817. His father ac- quired a handsome fortune in the shipping business. He studied law at Cambridge ; was tutor of mathematics and natural philos. two years, and tlnii remoyed to Newburyport to practi-r ' IV I I 1 :j",-r,, he seryed in the State legi: iV. Ai, lie, torieal and legal subjc Europe, publishing, ices of Spain," and Krance." He also >ieii}, mainly on his- In 1833-4', he was again elected to the legisl., and was M. C. from 1835 to 1843. During the administration of Tyler, Mr. Gushing was one of the few AVhigs who sustained the course of that Pres. in aban- doning his political friends ; since \vhich, he has been connected with the Democ. party. App. by Pres. Tyler commissioner to China in 1843, he negotiated an important treatyin 1844. Re- turning to Newburyport in 1846, he was again elected to the legisl., in which he was the most prominent member. He advocated the policy of the Mexican war, advanced the money from his own means for equipping the Ms. regt., of which he was chosen col., accorap. it to the Rio Grande in the spring of 1847, and April 14, 1847, was app. a brig.-gen. While in Mexico, in 1847, he was the Democ. candidate for gov. of Ms., and was defeated. In 1850, he was a 5th time elected to the legisl., and was mayor of Newburyport ; in 1852 was made a justice of the State Superior Court; was atty.-gen. under Pres. Pierce, 1853-7, and, on his return liome was again re-elected to the legisl., remain- ing until 1860. In 1860, he was pres. of the Democ. convention at Charleston, S. C. In July, 1866, he was app. one of three to re- vise and codify the laws of the U. S. His lit- erary, historical, and political productions, as well as his orations and addresses, have been very numerous. He delivered a poem before the Phi Beta Kappa Society in 1819, and an oration on the Durability of the Federal Union, on taking his degree. In 1826, he pub. a " His- tory of Newburyport," and a treatise on " The Practical Principles of Political Economy ; " "Growth and Territorial Progress of the U. S.," 8vo, 1839; "Life of Wm. H. Harri- son," Boston, 12mo, 1840. Gushing, Jonathan Peter, pres. of Hamp. Sid. CoU., 1821-.15, b. Rochester, N.H., March 12, 1793; d Raleigh, N.C., April 25, 1835. Dartm. Coll. 1817. He purchased with the proceeds of his overwork, as an apprentice, the remainder of his time, and entered Phil- lips (Exeter) Acad., where, by working at his trade a portion of the time each day, and by school-keeping, he paid his expenses, and went through college. To restore his health, he went South; became a tutor in Hamp. Sid. Coll. in Nov. 1817; prof, of chemistry and nat- ural philos., 1819-21. This institution, then disorganized and broken down, was, by his ex- ertions built up and placed high in rank among kindred institutions. The labor and responsi- bility of the enterprise exhausted his strength, and hastened his death. Gushing, Luther Stearns, jurist, b. Lu- nenburg, June 22, 1803; d. Boston, June 22, 1856. Camh. Law School, 1826. He for some years conducted The Jurist and Law. Magazine in Boston ; was clerk of the house from 1832 to 1844; representative in 1844; judge of C C.P., 1844 to 1848, and subsequently reporter of the decisions of the Supreme Court. In 1845, he pub. a " Manual of Parliamentary Practice ; " "Elements of the Law and Practice of Legis- lative Assemblies," 1855; 12 vols. Ms. Sup. Court Reports; "In trod, to the Study of Roman Law," 1854; and " Rules of Proceeding and Debates in Deliberative Assemblies," 1854. He transl. " Pothier on Contracts," 1839. Gushing, Nathan, jurist, b. Sept. 24, 1742; d. Scituate, Ms., Nov. 3, 1812. H. U. 1763. Counsellor, and judge Ms. Sup. Court, 1800-12. Gushing, Col. Nathaniel, Revol. officer, b. Pembroke, Ms., Apr. 8, 1753 ; d. Marietta, O., Aug. 1814. Lieut, in Brewer's regt. in July, 1775; capt. in R. Putnam's regt. from 1777 to the close of the war ; was in many ac- tions ; surprised Col. Delancey's loyalist corps in May, 1780, and brev. major in 1782. Emi- grated to Belpre, Ohio, in 1789. Gushing, Thomas, LL.D. (H. U. 1785), Revol. statesman, b. Boston, Mar. 24, 1725; d. Feb. 28, 1788. H. U. 1744. Son of Thos,, speaker of the H. from 1742 to his il., 11 Apr. 1746. Many years a representative from Bos- ton ; and when Otis, who had been chosen speaker, was negatived by the gov., he was elected in his place, filling it until 1774, when he was a member of the Prov. Congress, and of the Congress which met at Phila. On his return, he was elected to the council ; was com- missary-gen. in 1775 ; judge of the C. C.P.,and of Probate in Suffolk Co., in 1777 ; declined a seat in the Cont. Congress in 1779, and was lieut.-gov. of Ms. from 1779 until his death, and acting gov. in 1785. His signature being affixed to all public papers, as speaker of the house, caused him to be regarded in Great Bri- tain as the leader of the Whigs in this country. Dr. Johnson, in his " Taxation no Tyran- ny," says, " One object of the Americans is said to be to adorn the brows of Mr. Cushing with a diadem." He was the devoted friend and counsellor of Hancock, and the friend and corresp. of Franklin, from whom he received the letters of Hutchinson and others, that pro- duced so great an effect at the time. He was a commissioner of the Society in London for Propagating the Gospel in N. E., and one of the founders of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. He was moderate and conciliatory in character, and possessed great influence. Gushing, Thomas Humphrey, brig.-gen. CTJS U.S.A., b. 1755; d. N. London, Ct., Oct. 19, 1822. With his bro. Nathaniel, he served through the Revol. war, and was a sergeant under him in Arnold's naval battle on Lake Champlain ; was app. capt. 2d Inf., March 4, 1791; maj. 1st sub. legion, March 3, 1793; insp. Fel). 24, 1797; adj. and insp. April 1, 1802 ; liout.-col. 2d Inf. ; col. Sept. 7, 1805 ; adj.-gen. and brig.-gen. Jnly, 1812; app. col- lector of New London, Jan. 1816. He fought a duel with Mr. Lewis, M. C. from Va., in which his life was saved by his watch, which was struck by his adversary's ball. An account of his trial by court-martial was pub. in 1812. Cushing, Thomas Pahkman, a public- spirited merchant of Boston, b. Ashburnhani, Ms., 1787; d. Boston, Nov. 23, 1854. By his will, he bequeathed the bulk of his fortune, supposed to amount to $150,000, for the main- tenance of 2 schools in his native town. Gushing, William, LL.D. (H.U. 1785), jurist, b. Scituate, March 1, 1732; d. there Sept. 13, 1810. H.U. 1751. He was the de- scendant of Matthew of Boston, 1638, whose grandson John, judge of the Supreme Court in 1728, d. Scituate, Jan. 19, 1737, a. 75. His father John, also a judge of the Supreme Court, d. 1772; was one of the presiding judges at the trial of the Brit, soldiers for the massacre at Boston, March 5, 1770. He studied law with J. Gridley ; was atty.-gen. of Ms. ; judge of Probate, Pownalboro', Lincoln Co., Me., 1768; judge of the Ms. Superior Court, 1772 ; chief-justice, 1777; judge of the Supreme Ju- dicial Court, 1782, and at the beginning of the Revol., alone among the high in office, sup- ported the rights of his country. First chief- justice of the State under the constitution of 1788; asso. justice U.S. Supreme Court, Sept. 27,1789; he was, in 1796, nominated by W^ash- ington chief-justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, which honor lie declined. In 1788, he was vice-pres. of the Ms. convention ; was a found- er and member of the Am. Acad, of Arts and Sciences in 1780. He was an eloquent speaker, and invincible at town-meetings. Gushing, William B., lieut.-com. U.S.N., b. Wis., Nov. 24, 1842. App. from N.Y., Sept. 24, 1857 ; resigned. Mar. 23, 1861 ; le-app. act- ing officer, 1861; lieut. July 16, 1862; lieut.- com. Oct. 22, 1864. There was not a year during the war that Lieut. C. did not disting. himself by some perilous adventure. Nov. 23, 1862, he was ordered in the steamer " Ellis " to capture Jacksonville, and destroy salt-works, if any, in New River Inlet. After performing this duty successfully," The EHis " got aground. Lieut. Cushing fired her, and escaped in a small boat, receiving special commendation for his coolness, courage, and conduct in this af- fair. For his daring exploit on the night of Oct. 27, 1864, in blowing up the rebel ram " Albemarle," at Plymouth, he received a vote of thanks from Congress, and a complimen- tary letter from the sec. of the navy. In this affair his boat was sunk ; and Lieut. Cushing escaped by swimming ashore, and making use of a picket-boat belonging to the rebels, with which he reached the fleet. He com. the steamer " Maumce," Asiatic squadron, 1868-9. — Hamersly. Gushman, Charlotte Saunders, an eminent actress, b. Bosion, July 23, 1816. At the age of 12, she contributed to the support of her family by her fine voice; and she was advised by the celebrated Mrs. Wood to culti- vate it for the stage. April 18, 1835, she made her d^bid at the Tremont Theatre, Boston, as the countess in " The Marriage of Figaro." Accepting an engagement at N. Orleans, her voice fiiiled her. Determining to become an actress, under the tuition of Mr. Burton, she studied the part of Lady Macbeth, in which she appeared with complete success. She played for 3 years to large audiences at the Bowery and a"t the Park, N.Y., in a great vari- ety of parts, and brought out her younger sis- ter Susan, taking herself the chief male parts ; and for one season, in Phila., they played all the principal characters. She afterwards directed one of the Phila. theatres, until invited by Mr. Alacready, in 1844, to accompany him on a professional tour in the Northern States, in the course of which she played with success the higher range of tragic parts. In 1845, she ap- peared at the Princess's Theatre, Loud., as Bi- anca in "Fazio." Her reception was enthusi- astic ; and for 84 nights she appeared in a vari- ety of characters. With her sister, she acted for several years at the Haymarket Theatre, Lond., and in the chief provincial towns. In 1849, she revisited the U.S., and played Meg Merrilies in " Guy Mannering." She has since played both in Eng. and Amer. Her sister Susan was m. in. March, 1848, to Dr. James S. Muspratt of Liverpool. Gushman, Henky Wtles, Ucut.-gov. of Ms., 1851-2,b.Bernardston,Ms.,9 Aug. 1805; d. there 21 Nov. 1863. Descended from Rob- ert. He studied at the Norwich Milit. Acad. ; was a member of the legisl. in 1837, '39, '40, and '44, and of the Const. Conv., 18.53. He held many public and private trusts, and was a member of the N.E. H.andG. Soc, and many years pres. of the Franklin Co. Agric. Soc. Author of the Cusbman Genealogy, 1855. He had nearly completed a Hist, of Bernardston, at the time of his d. — See Geneal. Register, 1864. Gushman, Robekt, one of the foimders of Plymouth Colony, b. Eng. ab. 1580; d. 1625. He joined the nonconformists at Ley- den, and in 1617 was sent by them to Lond., with John Carver, to negotiate with the Va. Company for leave to settle within their do- main in Amer., and to petition King James for " liberty of conscience there." Sent again in 1619, with Wm. Brewster, a patent was fi- nally obtained. He made a 4th journey to Lond. in 1620, with Carver and Martin, pro- cured " The Mayflower," a pilot, &c., and sailed in her as "assistant gov." from Southampton, Aug. 5, 1620, in company with " The Speed- well." The latter, proving unseaworthy, re- turned ; and Mr. Cushman took charge of those who remained, and followed in the nextves.sel, " The Fortune," reaching New Plymouth, Nov. 9, 1621. Dec. 12, he preached the first sermon in Amer. that was printed, " On the Sin and Danger of Self-love." This sermon, with a Me- moir of Cusbman bv John Davis, was rc-pub. Plymouth, 1785. He sailed for Eng. the next 239 day, biitwas captured by the French, plundered, and detained 2 weeks on their coast. After his arrival, he wrote and pub. an eloquent vindi- cation of the colonial enterprise, and an appeal for Christian missions to the Amer. Indians. He continued in Lond. as agent for the Colo- nists. In 1623, he, with Edward VVinslow, pro- cured from Lord Sheffield a charter for terri- tory on Cape Ann. Custer, George A., hrev.maj.-gen. U.S.A., lillr b. NcwRumley, O., Dec. 5, 1839.^ WestPoiiit, 1861. Entering the second cav., he served in the Potomac Army ; w.as aide to McClellan, and engaged at Yorktown. So Mountnin, and An- tietam, and Stoneman's raid ; was nide to Gen. Pleasanton : hriq--soTi. nf vol.;. 20 .Tunc, 1863; held with hU .-nr l,riL-i.1'' tl,.^ ri._-hr of thr line at GctM-' '■-■ .■ '.I :: '■■ ■ •.'■ n( tllr CIIV. Washii was aide-de-camp to Washington ited corps doah Valk-y, Dcl o4 lu il.,i. „:,. 1 the rebel rear-guard at Falling Waters ; at Winchester, he captured 9 battle-flags, and more men than he had engaged; rendered most import.int service at Fisher's Hill; brev. maj.-gen. for conduct at Cedar Creek; routed Gen. Rosser, Oct. 9, 1864 ; and at Waynesboro' captured the remnant of Early's armv, ab. 18,- 000 strong, in Feb. 1865. In the battles of the campaign ending in the surrender of Lee, Cus- ter com. a cav. division, and bore a most im- portant part; disting. himself at Dinwiddle C. H., at Five Forks, Sailor Creek, and finally at Appomattox C. H., and Apr. 1.5, 1865, was made maj.-gen. of vols. Ho never lost a gun or a color, captured more guns, flags, and pris- oners than any other general not an army commander, and was e.xceptionally fortunate in his career. Lieut.-col. 7th cav. 28 July, 1866 ; hrev.-maj. for Gettysburg; Ileut.-col. for Yellow Tavern, Va., U May, 1864; col. for Winchester, 19 Sept. 1864; brig.-gen. for Five Forks, and maj.-gen. U.S.A., for services end- ing in Lee's surrender. — Cullum. Custine (kus'-ten'), Adam Philip, Count DE, a French gen., b. Metz, Feb. 4, 1740; guillotined at Paris, Ang. 28, 1793. After serving as capt. in the Seven-Years' War under the Great Frederick, he obtained, through the influence of Choiseul, a regt. of dragoons in 1762, which was called by his name; but in 1780 he exchanged this for the regt. Sainloiicje. Was quar -master-gen. of the French forces in Amer. in 1780-3, and was present at the sur- render at Yorktown. On his retitrn, in 1783, he was made ynnr^chnl-de-camp, and gov. of Tou- lon. In 1789, he was dep. of the nobility of Metz, and was one of the first who declared for the popular party. He afterwards com. the army of the north; received in June, 1792, the com. of the army of the Lower Rhine, and after some successes took com. of the northern army, in May, 1793, from which, however, he was soon recalled by the committee of safety, and placed at the bar of the revel, tribun.'il, which, spite of a spirited defence, haviog de- termined upon his death, condemned him. Custis, Geokge Washington Parke, the last of Washington's familv, b. Apr. 30, 1781 ; d. Arlington, Oct. 10, 18,57. His father. Col. John Parke Custis, the son of Mrs. at the siege of Yorktown, and d. Nov. 5, 1781, a. 28. The son had his early home at Mount Vernon, pursued his classical studies at Prince- ton, and, having built " Arlington House," de- voted himself to literature and agriculture. This estate, which came to him under the will of Washington, passed, at his death, to R. E. Lee, who m. his only dau. Mr. Custis wrote some orations and plays, and executed some paintings of Revol. battles. He was in his early days an eloquent and eflijctive speaker, and was well known for his generous hospital- ity. His Recoils, of Washington, with a me- moir of the author, by his dau., was pub., with notes by B. J. Lossing, 8vo, 1860. Cutbush, James, b. Pa. Pvrotcchnist, pn.f. of chimistiv, at West Point ; <]. there DiT. 15, 1823. Ho pub. the "Usd'iil Cabinet," 1808 ; " Phllos. of Experimental CMieiuistry," 2 vols., 1813; "Treatise on Pyrotechnics," Phila., 1825 ; app. apothec.-gen. U.S.A., 12. Aug. 1814; post-surgeon at W. Point, 1820-1. Cutler, Benjamin Clarke, D. D. (Col. Coll. 18.36), b. Roxbury, Ms,, 6 Feb. 1798; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., 10 Feb. 1863. Brown U. 1822. Ord. in Nov. 1822; was settled in Quincy 7 years ; .spent the winter of 1830 in Savannah, was rector of Leesburg parish ab. a year ; in 1832 took charge of the first citv mission of the Ep. Church in N.Y. ; rector of St. Ann's, Brooklyn, from Apr. 1833, to his d. Has pub. " Century Sermon, Christ Church, Quincy, Ms., 1828;" "21 Parochial Sermons," Phila., 12mo, 1857; also many other discourses, ser- mons, tracts, &c. — See Memoir by Rev. Horatio Grni/, 1864. Cutler, Enos, col. U.S.A., b. Brookfield, Ms., Nov. 1, 1781; d. Salem, July 14, 1860. B.U. 1800. Tutor there one year. He studied law, settled in Cincinnati ; app. lieut. 7th Inf., 1808; capt. Sept. 1810; assist, adj.-gen. Feb 15, 1813;assist. insp.-gen. Mar. 18, 1813; maj.38th Inf., May 1, 1814; lient.-col. 3d, Apr. 28, 1826 ; col. 4th Inf., Sept. 21, 1836 ; res. Nov. 30, 1839. He saw service in the War of 1812, in the first Seminole campaign with Gen. Jack- son, and in the Creek war. Cutler, Jervis, a Western pioneer, b. Ed- gartown, Ms., Sept. 19, 1768; d. Evansville, Ind.,June 25,1844. Son of Manassch Cutler, LL.D. One of the band of emigrants from Ms., under Gen. Rufus Putnam, who in 1788 settled Marietta. He was an officer of the Ohio militia, and also of the regular army. In 1823, he settled as an engraver in Nashville, Tenn., and in 1841 at Evansville. He pub. in 1812 "A Topographical Description of the Western Country, with an Account of the In- dian Tribes." Cutler, LT.SANDER, maj.-gen. U.S. vols., b. Me., ab. 1806 ; d. Milwaukie, Wis., Julv 30, 1866. In 1861, he took com. of the 6th Wis. regt., which he made one of the best in the ser- vice. While commanding the " Iron Brigade " of the Potomac Army, by his faithfulness and gallantry he won the grade of brigadier, and afterward of maj.-gen., proving himself an excellent leader both of brigade and division, and was twice wounded. Cutler, Manasseh, LL.D. (Y. C. 1791), 240 CUY Ot , May ; Y.C. iMiicss ; \ 1^ ailm. Sujit. II, 1771, was 01(1 niinistLTof Hamilton. In Wopt 1 77r, he hccamn chaplain of Cnl. Fran- ci^^•1•. 't n' ni_-] ,i-in-1, I. ti n in 1! I , Aug. 2=1 I ~" I • ' ' I I ti _Mttofa tiM I ' li.'il and ]i), II I 1 I Ml I li mil 1 1 loi- his scieriiu.c alt.iniiiii-iif. M.i.lr a iNL-n]i.i-r of the Anicv. Aeailemy in 1781 : the vol. of its me- moir.s for 1785 contains several of his scientific papers. His botanical paper was the first at- tempt at a scientific description of the plants of N. E. With Dr. Peck's assistance, he pre- pared the chapter on trees and plants in "Bel- knap's History of N. H." In 1784, he became a member of the Philos. Society of Phila. In 1787, as agent for the Ohio comp., he purchased from Conuress 1,-500,000 acres of land N.W. of the Ohio Eivcr. Dr. C.Uler started the first company of I iiii_riii'~ liilmt region, who be- gan the sett!'!'! :.: M : ita, Apr. 7, 1788. HehimseU'ii! i m a sulky, accom- plishing the 7 'II iiiiir- Ml •_"! 'Livs. He returned with his family to N. K. in 1 790. Washington, in 1795, app. him a judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio Terr.; but he declined. He was after- ward a member of the Ms. legisl., and M. C. from 1800 to 1804. Author of a Century Dis- course at Hamilton, 27 Oct. 1814. Cutler, Timothy, DD. (Oxf. 172.3), pres- of Y- C, 1719-22, b. 1684; d. Boston, Ms., Aug. 17, 1765. H. U. 1701. Ord. Jan. 11, 1709, at Stratford, Ct. In 1 722, he renounced his connection with the Cong, churches, went to Eng., took orders, returned to Boston, and was rector of Christ Church from Dec. 29, 172.3, till his death. He pub. a sermon before the General Court at N. Haven in 1717, and one on the cleath of Thomas Graves, 1757. A sc- ries of his letters in Nichols's " Illustrations of Literary History " have considerable historical value. " He was," says Pres. Stiles, " a good logician, geographer, and rhetorician," and was a man of extensive reading, and of a command- ■ ing presence and dignity. Cutt, John, pres. of the Province of N.H., b. Wales ; d. Mar. 27, 1681. He came to this country, with his bros. Robert and Eichard, previous to 1646; settled as a merchant in Portsmoutli, N.II., became also a farmer and mill-owner, and acquired by industry and probi- ty a lar;;e property. He was a deputy to the Gen. C'l.urtduring the union with Ms., and was one of the committee of Portsmouth app. under the jHri^diction of Ms., and against the claiuis of Mason. He was app. pres. in 1679. Hisbro. IliCH.tRD settled at the Shoals, and carried on fishing, but removed to Portsmouth, all the northerly part of which was owned by himself, his bro. John, and two others. Robert settled in Kittcry, where he was a noted ship-builder. From these brothers are descended all the CuTTS families on both sides the Piscataqua. Cutter, Ammi Ruhamah, M. D. (H. U. 1792), physician, b N. Yarmouth, Me., Mar. 4, 17.35; d. Portsmouth, N.H., Dec. 8, 1819. H.U. 1752. His father, a cl.'i-vnn" (IT T. 1725), was at the time of hi^ -i ''■ ' '■ : in of a N.E. regt. at the siege ul I i , i ,. He studied physic with Dr. ( ,. n .1.:. I .iii of Portsmouth; was surgeon lo ( »1. l;.ji,ut Rogers's rangers until disbanded, and in 1758 was surgeon of the N.H. troops in the successful exped. against Louisburg. On his return, he m., and soon obtained a very ex- tensive practice. He was a decided Whig. and was physician-gen. of the eastern dipt. ; stationed at Fishkill from Apr. 1777, uniil the beginning of 1778, when he resumed prac- tise at Portsmouth. He was a delegate to the N.H. Const. Conv. ; was long pres. of the N.H. Med. Society. — Thacher. Cutter, Geokge W., poet, b. Ms. ; d. Washington, D.C., 24 Dec. 1865. He prac- tised law successfully in Ky. until 1845; was a capt. in McKee's Ky. Vols, in the Mexican war; was at one time a member of the Ind. legisl., and was a clerk in the treasury dept. during Fillmore's administration. Among his best pieces are, " E Ptunbus Unuin," and the " Song of Steam." Author of " Poems, Na- tional, and Patriotic," 8vo., Phila., 1857 ; " Song of Steam and Other Poems," Cincin. 12mo. — Poets and Poetri/ of the West. Cutting, Francis Beockholst, an emi- nent commercial lawyer of N.Y. M.C. in 18.53-5, b. N.Y. City, 1805; d. there 26 June, 1870. Col. Coll- 1825- Grandson of Leon- ard, Pr--Ep. rector, of St. George's Church, Hempstead, L.L, 1766-84; d. 1794, a. 69. In the N.Y. legisl., he rendered efficient service to the Democ. party in 1836-7. He refused to follow the lead of the South while in Congress, and had a personal difficulty with J. C Breck- inridge. In 1861, he became a "war Deaio- crat," and did good service in securing the re- election of Pres. Lincoln. Leading counsel in nearlv all important commercial questions in N.Y. 'in 1840-55. Cutting, James A-, inventor; d. July, 1867, in the Lunatic Asylum, Worcester, Ms. Early in life, he resided in Haverhill, and gained some money by the patent for a bee- hive. He went to Boston, learned the art of daguerrotyping, and iiivented the process of making ambrotypes, for which he received a large sum. He" established an Aquarial Gar- den in Boston. CuttS, RiCHARi., I'.'Mii 1 III, I' Saco, Me., June 28, 1771 ; d W ;■ i. 7, 184.5. H.U. 1790. HestiK ; i , , i-d in com- merce and politics ; \'.,i-' ii'iiu .r ;i merchant- man ; visited Europe; was 2 yeais in the Ms. legisl. ; M C. in 1801-13 ; supt. gen. of mih- tary supplies in 1813-17, and, from 1817 to 1829, second compt. U.S. treasury. In Con- gress, he supported efficiently the administra- tions of Jefferson and Madison, voting for the war with Eng-, although it would necessarily prove ruinous to his private fortune, consist- mg principally in ships- Cuyler, Sir Cornelius, bart., a Brit. gen., b. Albany, N.Y. ; d- St- John's Lodge, Herts, Eng-, March 8, 1819. Bart- Oct. 29, 1814. In May, 1739, he joined as ensign the 55th Foot, and was at the reduction of 'Ticon- deroga in 1759, and of Montreal in 1760; CXJY capt. 46th, May 9, 1764; first A.D.C. to Gen. Sir W. Howe from July, 1775, to Jan. 15, 1776, when he was inaile maj. 55tli. He con- tinued first aide to Gen. Howe; was at the battles of Long Island, Brandywine, and Ger- mantown ; lieu t.-col. Nov. 16, 1777; com. his regt. at Monmouth; was at the reduction of St. Lucie in 1779 ; adj. -gen. to the army in the W. Indies in 1781 ; col. Nov. 20, 1782; Q- M. G. W. Indies, 1787-92; com. the forces there in 1792-.3; captured Tobago, April 1, 179.3; maj. -gen. Oct. 12, 1793; liont.-gon. 1798; gen. 1799 ; gov. of Kin.-ial.', an.l . ,,l. r/nli, at the time of his death. — /'/. ' , ,/ / , ,s'.',„. Cuyler, Cornelius C, I) P, (I'li. Cnll. 1828), Presb. clergyman, b, AUmuv, N.Y., Feb. 15, 1783 ; d. Phila., Aug. 31, 18.50. Un. Coll. 1806. His ancestors came from Leyden to N.Y. ab. 1650. His mother was a sister of Chief-Justice Yates. Ord. Jan. 2, 1809, over the.Dutch Church of Poughkeepsie ; 14 Jan. 18.34, he topk charge of the 2d Presb. Church, Phila.; sided with the "old school" in the split of that denomination ; exercised a con- trolling influence over the deliberations of that party, acting as pres. of the convention of 1837, which defined its doctrine and policy. He was many years pres. of the board of trus- tees of Jeff. Med. Coll. Author of "The Signs of the Times," 12mo, Phila., and occa- sional sermons. — Spra^ue. Dablon, Claitde, superior of the Jesuit missions on (he Upper Lakes, and a friend and companion of Father Marquette ; labored principally at the Saute Ste. Marie, and at the head of Green Bay. He took part in the ex- peds. for the survey of Lake Superior, which resulted in a valuable and curious map of that region, and statements concerning its copper- mines. An account of his labors is in the Jesuit Relation of 1671, repub. N.Y., 1860. Dabney, Richard, a self-taught scholar, b. Louisa Co., Va., ab. 1787; d. Nov. 1825. He was an assist, teacher at Richmond, and in Dec. 1811, barely escaped with life from the burning theatre there. In 1812, he pub. a vol. of original poems and translations, of which a new ed. appeared in 181.5, in Phila. Daboll, Nathan, mathematician ; d. Groton, Ct., Mar. 9, 1818, a. 68. He was an able teacher, had instructed 1,500 persons in navigation ; pub. a valuable system of arith- metic, and also of navigation. His son, C. L. Paboll, inventor of the fog-trumpet, d. New London, Ct., Oct. 13, 1866, a. 48. Daeres, James Richard, a British adm. ; d Eng., Dec. 4, 1853. His father, Vice-Adm. Daeres, com. " The Carleton " on Lake Cham- plain, in the fight with Arnold's flotilla, in 1776. The sou entered the Royal Navy in 1796; was promoted to the com. of the sloop "Elk" in 1805 ; was transferred to " The Bac- chante " in 1806, and to " The Guerriere," " a worn-out frigate," in 18H. In the action be- tween this ship and " The Constitution," Capt. Hull, Aug. 19, 1812, Daeres was wounded,"and " The Guerriere " captured. He was tried by court-martial, and acquitted. In 1838, he at- tained flag-rank, and in 1845 was com.-inchief at the Cape of Good Hope. Dadd, Geoege H., M.D., b. Eng., 1813. Veterinary surgeon, settled in the U.S., 1839. Author of " Anatomy and Physiology of the Horse," 8vo ; " American Cattle I )octor," 8vo ; "Modern Horse Doctor," 8vo, 1854; " Man- ual of Veterinary Science," 8vo, 1S55. — Ed. Amer. Veter. Jour. Sade, FR.4NCIS Langhorne, maj. U.S.A., b. Va. ; killed by Indians near Fort King, Fl.a., Dec. 28, 1835. App. lieut. 12th Inf., Mar. 29, 1813; capt. Feb. 1818; brcv. maj. Feb. 24, 1828 ; com. a detachment on a march to Fort King, which was nearly destroyed. Daggett, David, LL.D. (Y.C. 1827), jurist, b. Attleboro', Ms., Dec. 31, 1764; d. N. Haven, Apr. 12, 18.)1. Y C. 1783. Adm. to the bar in 1778; member of the State legisl. 1791-1813, and speaker in 1794; U.S. senator, 1813-19 ; judge of the Supreme Court, 1826- 32, and chief- justice in 1832-4. He was State- atty. in 181 1, and at one time mayor of New Haven. Instructor of the law-school in 1824 ; Kent prof, of law in Y.C, from 1826 until compelled to resign bv the infirmities of age. — See IJfp, ly Or. Duiton, piih. in 1851. Daggett, Naptiiali, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1774), scholar and divine, b. Attleboro', Ms., Sept. 8, 1727; d. N. Haven, Nov. 25, 1780. Y.C. 1748. Minister of Smithtown, L.I., from Sept. 18, 1751, to Nov. 1755 ; prof, of divinity in Y.C. from Mar. 4, 1756, till his death, and acting pres. in 1766-77. He received the de- gree of D.D. from both N. J. and Yale Col- leges. When the British attacked N. Haven, in July, 1779, he went into the fight, fowling- piece in hand, hut was taken prisoner, and com- pelled, in an intensely-hot day, to act as guide to the advancing columns of the enemy ; while they repeatedly pricked him with their bayo- nets when his strength foiled. He never fully recovered from this treatment. He pub. some sermons ; his son Henry, an officer of the Revol., and a graduate of Y.C, d. N. Haven, June 20, 1843, a. 85. DaJllgren, John A., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Phila., Nov. 1809; d. Wash., D.C., July 12, 1870. Midshipra. Feb. 1826; lieut. Mar. 8, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1835; capt. July 16, 1862; rear-adm. Feb. 7, 1863. In 1847-57, he was employed on ordnance duty, and, with the exception of a short cruise in com. ol' " The Ply mouth," sloop-of-war, was engaged in impor- tant experiments at the navy-yard at Washing- ton, perfecting the Dahlgren gun. In 1862, he was made chief of the bureau of ordnance. He took com. of the S. A. block, squad., July 6, 1863, and, in conjunction with the land for- ces of Gen. Gilmore, captured, after a long and severe struggle, Morris Island, reduced Fort Sumter to ruins, and ended blockade-running in that quarter. In Feb. 1864, he led a suc- cessful exped. up the St. John's River to aid a military force intended to be thrown into Flor- ida. In Dec. 1864, he co-operated with Gen. Sherman in the capture of Savannah, and Feb. 18, 1865, moved his vessels up to the city of Charleston. Adm. Dahlgren also invented a rifled cannon for the navy, and introduced the light boat-howitzers, which are held in high estimation. Author of " Report on the 32- Pounders, of 32 cwt.," 1850; " System of Boat Armament in the U.S. Navy," 1832 and 1856 ; 242 IDAJi. "Naval Percussion Locks and Primers," 1852 ; "Shells and Shell-Guns," 1856; "Report on Cruise of the Ordnance Ship, Plymouth," 8vo, 1857. Dahlgren, Col. Ui-rich, b. 1842; killed in askinni.<;b at King's and Queen's C.II.,Va., Mar. 4, 1864. Son »f Adm. D. A midshipni. before the war, on it- l.r.-;il. i.vj- mif li.^ .i<-i^t. .1 d''c.m.ntd"si!feh >, ; ^ '■''" ■ I of Siycl's liody-ynai.:, . r :,..,! :..|. r- Transf."red tu Gen II \ i, : ' . ■: ■ \- hinl^eIl■utChanccl^^ ^,:: . U 1 .. .„ ,; Mead>', he performed ni.,.,t d.ii,,..o,.M, ,i',.d uii- portant service at the head ol a picked body of men ill tlie Getty.sburg canipaijrn. in which he lost a le-. Made a col. for his gallantry. He lost his life in a raid planned to release the Union prisoners from Libby Prison and Belle Isle. Daille, Peter, a Huguenot clergyman ; d. Boston, May 21, 1715, a' 66. He was one of the earliest French Protestant mini-sters of N.Y. ; but incurring Gov. Leisler's displeasure in 1690, and subsequently having some differ- ence with bis congregation, he went to Boston, and had charge of the French Church in School Street, before 1696, and continued there till his death. Dalcho, Feederick, physician and cler- gyman, b. London, 1770 ; d. Charleston, B.C., Nov. 24, 18.36. On the death of his father, a Pole, who had been an officer in tlie army of Hanover, he was invited by an nm ! i.i MI . and received an excellent cnn i I' ,i more. He became a medir.il , i in Charleston, where he was activr m , r il. i Inn,' the Botanic Garden. Ab. 1810 Dr. Oalcho re- linquished his practice, and became associated Willi Mr. A. S. Willington, in conducting the r.„„;,,-, a dailvFudrral newspaner. He sub- bis d, IK' pub. a treatise on " The Evidenre of the Divinity of our Saviour," an " Historical Account of the Prot.-Ep. Church, in SC." and " Ahimon Rezon for Masons," 8vo, 1827. Dale, Richard, commodore U. S. N., b. near Norfolk, Va., Nov. 6, 1756; d. Phila., Feb. 24, 1826. He went to sea at 12, and at 19 com. a merchant-vessel. Early in 1776, while a lieut. in theVa. navy, he was captured by the English, and thrown into a prison-ship at Norfolk. Here he was surrounded by royal- ists, many of them old schoolmates, who pre- vailed on him to embark in a.cruiser against the vessels of the State. Jn an affair with an Amer. flotilla soon after, he received a wound, with which he was confined several weeks ; and he resolved " never again to put himself in the way of the bullets of his own countrymen." In the summer of 1776, he was a midshipman in " The Lexington," Capt. Barry. She was captured on the British coast by " The Alert," in Sept. 1777; and officers and men were confined in Mill Prison. In Feb. 1778, most of tlio officers and some of the men escaped; but Dale was retaken in Lond., and carried back. In Feb. 1779, he escaped in the guise of a British naval officer, reached France, and joined Paul Jones as lunstcr'.; nintfl nnd s".ni became 1st lieut or tin. ■■ ]'.::■! 1 !.,,,,,„,. I;,, i,,,,-,] " In tlio Serapis' 1^.. a severe tj.hiii Feb. 18, 1781 " Capt. Nicliols<; i::i,«itb "The , _ , and received uui.ing to Phila., d on the list of ing " The Trum- lis action, Dale IS 4th capture. IS employed in 'ice. until the end of the war. While commandii _ "The Queen of France," in 1782, he, after a severe conflict, beat off" a privateer of 14 guns. June 4, 1794, he was made a capt. in the navy, and in May, 1798, com. the sloop-of-war "Gau- ges." In 1801, he com. the squadron ordered to the Mediterranean, of which " The Presi- dent " 44, was the Hag-ship. Hewas so fettered, however, by his instructions, that no serious enterprise could be attempted; but his vigilance was such that the Tripolitans made no cap- tures during his command. He returned home in Apj-il, IS02, and resigned his commission Dec. 17, 1802. He spent the latter part of his life in Phila. in the enjoyment of a competent estate. Dole was a thoroughly brave and in- telligent seaman, and an honest and honorable man. Two of his sons were in the navy. Richard d. of wounds received in the frigate "Presidein." Montgomery d. in Dee. 1852, a. 55. Dale, Gem. Samdel, pioneer, b. Rock- bridge Co, Va., 1772; d. Lauderdale Co., Mpi., May 2.3, 1841. He became a famous In- dian fighter, and afterward a trader among the Creeks and Cherokees. Maj. commanding a batt. of Ky. vols, against the Creeks, Feb. 1814; .li^iinu'. iiinl. v.Tackson, and brev. brig.-g. After I'l • : , 1: I'l d at Dale's Ferry, on the Ala., : i i_ ' 1 HI merchandising. In 1816, be ■I- :i iiH hiIkv rif the convention to divide the Mpi. Teriiiory, and served several terms in the Ala. legisl. His cclehrated eanoe-fight with 7 Indian warriors, all of whom he killed, would be thought fabulous, if it had not been wit- nessed by some soldiers, who, not having a boat, could render him no assistance. — See Life, by F. H.CIaHmne. Dale, Sir Thojias, gov. of Va. ; d. near Bantam, E.I., early in 1620. A soldier of distinction in the Low Countries, knighted by King James in June, 1606, as Sir Thomas Dale of Surrey; June 20, 1611, ab. a month after his arrival in Va., the States-General gave him 3 years' leave of absence, which in 1614 was extended. He administered the govt, on the basis of martial law, planted a new settle- ment at Henrico, and introduced important changes in the land-laws of the colony, gaining praise for bis vigor and industry, his judgment and conduct. Ho conquered the Appomattox Indians, and took their town. He was suc- ceeded in Aug. 1611 by Sir Thomas Gates, but continued to take an active part in the aflairs of the colony ; and on Gates's return to Eng. TtAJL. HAl., in 1614, he resumed the govt. He returned to England in June. 1616; ivas in Holland in Feb. 1617 ; in Jan. 1619 was made com. of the E.I. fleet, and had an engagement with the Dutch near Bantam, but soon succumbed to the Dalliousie (dal-hoo'-ze). Gen. George Eamsay, 9th Earl of, h. 1770; d. Dalhousie Castle, Scotland, March 21, 1838. He suc- ceeded to his title and estate, on the death of his father in Nov. 1787. Entering the army in that year, lie was mai. of the I'd Foot, in 1792, andwas^.v;. . ■, . i . i. I at Maitinique. He served in h - in tlic exped. to the Helder in 17^', n l_.|.i in 1801, under Sir R.AbercruMii.ic.iul i:i April I'^n.-,, u-asmadea in 1809, and afterward in i: 1, i; ■ mi- Saigns, where he renderi-l : i;; \ i.e. uly 18, 1815, hewas made a;i 1.: , :;!i L.uun; in 1816, lieut.-gen. com in Nova" Scotia, and was gov.-iir-chief and com. of the forces of British N.A., from 1820 to 1828. He was com.- in-chief in India, 1 829-32. Dallas, Alexander James, statesman and financier, h. in the Island of Jamaica, Jnne 21, 1759; d. Trenton, Jan. 16, 1817. Son of a Scotch physician, and was educated at Edin- burgh and at Westminster. His mother be- coming a widow, and again marrying, he was prevented from obtaining any share of his fa- ther's property, and in April, 1783, quitted his native place, and settled in Phila. Having taken the oath of allegiance to the State of Pa. in June, 1783, he was in July, 1785, adm. to practise as an advocate in the Supreme Court, and in a few years became a practitioner in the U.S. Courts. He also employed himself in literary undertakings, wrote for the public journals, and at one time edited the Columbian ilagazine. In Jan. I79I, he was app. sec. of Pa., by Gov. Mifflin; and in Dec. 1793, his commission was renewed. Not long after, he was constituted paymaster-gen. of a force which he accompanfed in an exped. to Pitts- burg. In Dec. 1796, he again became sec. of state. On the election of Jefferson to the presidency in 1801, Mr. Dallas was app. U.S. atty. for the eastern dist. of Pa., and occupied that post until his removal to Washington. Oct. 6, 1814, he was made sec. of the U.S. treasury, then in a deplorable condition ; and in that' highly responsible and difficult situa- tion, he exhibited great ability and energy of character. In March, 1815, he undertook the additional duties of the war-office, and success- fully performed the delicate task of reducing the army. In Nov. 1816, peace and tranquilli- ty being restored, the financiaj condition of the country being improved under the influence of the National Bank, which he had so long en- deavored to establish, he resigned his post, and returned to the practice of the law at Phila., in which he was eminently successful. He pub. "Features of Jay's Treaty," 1795 ; " Speeches on the Trial of Blount ; " " Caws of Pennsylvania," with notes; "Reports," 4 vols.,180'6-7 ; " Treasury Reports; " " Exposi- tion of the Causes and Character of the War of 1812-15," &c. Dallas, Alexander James, capt. U.S.N., son of the preceding, b. 1791 ; d. in Callao Bay, June 3, 1844, commanding Pacific squa- dron. He entered the navy, Nov. 22,1805; lieut. June 13, 1810; master-com. March 5, 1817; capt. April 24, 1828; served under Rodgers in "The President "in 1812, afterwards under Chauncey on Lake Ontario ; accomp. Porter in his cruise for the extermination of the West-India pirates, and attained distinction in his profession. Dallas, George Mifflin, LL.D. (N J. Coll. 1853), statesman, bro. of prec, b. Phila., July 10, 1792; d. there Dec. 31, 1864. N.J. )ll. 1810. Adm. to the bar in 1813. Accomp. Coll to Kussui as privat France, Eng., and Holland ; returned home in 1814, and, after assisting his father in the U.S. treasury dept., resumed the practice of law. In 1817, while dep. of the atty .-gen. of Phila., he won a high reputation as a criminal lawyer. Mayor of Phila. in I82S; dist.-atty. 1829-31, and, as U.S. senator in 1832-3, ably advocated the re-charter of the U.S. Bank, a protective tariff, and other important measures. Declin- ing a re-election in 1833, he was atty.-gen. of Pa. in 1833-5; ambassador to Russia from 1837 to Oct. 1839; vice.-pres. of the U.S. in 1845-9,- and minister to Eng. in 1856-61. While vice-pres., his casting vote in the sen- ate made the Tariff Act of 1846 — a free-trade measure — the law of the land. As minister to Eng., he was at once called upon to settle the Central-American question, and the recall of the British minister Crampton, both which matters were amicably adjusted. During the Rebellion, he manifested publicly, on all suitable occasions, his abhorrence of it and its abettors. He was an able statesman and diplomatist, a suc- cessful and influential lawyer. Allibone gives a list of 30 of Dallas's speeches and other pam- phlets. His Letters from London in 1856-60 have been edited and pub. by his dau. Julia. Dalling, Sir John, bart. of Burwod, Sur- rey, a British gen. ; d. 1798. Maj. 27th Foot, Feb. 2, 1757 ; served under Loudoun in 1757 ; at Louisburg, 1758, and com. a corps of light inf under Wolfe at Quebec, in 1759; lieut.- col. 43d Foot in 1760, and com. it at the siege ofllavanna, in 1762; app. in 1767 lieut. -gov. and a few years later, gov. of Jamaica ; maj.- gen. Aug. 29, 1777; lieut.-gen. Nov. 1782; bart. 1783. In 1780, he led an exped. againsf the Spanish Main. — (yCallac/haa. Dalton, John, D.D,, R. C. bishop of Har- bor Grace, N.F., consec. 1856 ; d: May 5, 1869. Dalton, John C , physiologist, b. Chelms- ford, Ms., 2 Feb. 1825. H.U. 1844. M.D. 1847. His essay on the " Corpus Luteum," &c., 1851, won the prize of the Amer. Md. Assoc. His treatise on " Human Physiology," 1859 (4th ed. 1867), placed him at once in the first rank of Amer. physiologists. He has also pub. " Phy- siology and Hygiene, for Schools, Families, and Colleges," 1868. — 77io«ias. DaltoiJ, Tristam, senator, b. Newbury- port, Ms., May 28, 1738; d. Boston, May 30, 1817. H.U. 1755. He studied law; m. the dan, pf Robert Hooper, with whom he engaged in mercantile pursuits, and took a deep interest in the cultivation of a large estate in W. New- bury, where Washington, John Adams, Louis 244 Philippe, Talleyrand, and other disting. guests, partook of his hospitalities. A leading Rcvol. patriot of Essex Co. ; he was speaker of the house, and a member of the senate of Ms., and U.S. senator in 1789-91. Investing his for- tune in real estate in Washington, he lost nearly all of it by the mismanagement of an agent, and was surveyor of the port of Boston ifrom 1815 till his death. He was remarkable for his fine person, gentle and elegant manners, integ- rity, and scholarly accomplishments. Daly, Chables P., LL.D. (Col. Coll. I860), jurist and scholar, b. of Irish parents N.Y. City, 31 Oct. 1816. At first a sailor, afterward a mechanic's apprentice, and in 1839 adm. to the N.Y. bar. Membor of the legisl. in 1843; judi"' "( t\v CVP nf \ Y. City since 1845, ail ] ! ■ ]■< ' I " llehas pub. a"Hisi. ^ . . : : , .1 ; : nl.unals of N.Y., \62:;-\~l<.: >>-. I- i, ■ M.in.iirof Chancellor Kent, paiuiiiniiiM. II llaiikLiiL;, Natu- raliiation Laws, the Introduction of the Drama (1863), &c.; contribs. to Appleton's Cyclop.; has delivered lectures on legal subjects before the law school of Col. Coll., speeches and ad- dresses upon political, literary, and historical subjects; and is prcs. of theAmer. Geog. and Statist. Soc, ami vice.-pres of the Ethnol. Soc. — Duyckinck. Damas (da'-mas'), Joseph FK.iNCOis Louis Chakles duc de, French gcn.,b. 1758; d. Paris, March 5, 1829. As aide-de-camp to Rochambeau, he made the Araer. campaigns of 1780-2; and, "Of all the ofiicers," says Chastellux, " who fought for Amer. Indepen- dence, he was, perhaps, the only one in whom the spectacle of a people breaking their fetters awakened no ideas of liberty." After his re- turn, ho was made col. of dragoons, and was arrested at Varennes with Louis XVI., whose escape he was endeavoring to effect. He emi- grated in 1792 ; fought in the royalist ranks in 1793, and accompanied Louis XVIII. to Italy as captain of the guards. He took an active part in subsequent royalist enterprises, and in 1825 he received the title of duke. — Nouv. Biog. Gen. Dampier,WiLLi.\.M, a celebrated navigator, b. East Coker, Somersetshire in 1652; d. ab. 1712. He went to sea at an early age; became overseer of a plantation ; made several voyages in a Jamaica coaster, and cut mahogany three years in the Bay of Honduras, of which place he pub. a description on returning to Lond. in 1678. He was afterward a buccaneer, but quarrelled with his companions, and left them. Was in Va. in 1682, and joined Capt. Cook in a cruise against the Spaniards in Aug. 1683. They burned the town of Plata, then advanced to the Bay of Panama, near which they took a Spanish ship which was carrying despatches to Lima ; and, from the intelligence obtained, they ■ concerted an attack on the treasure-ships, which resulted unsuccessfully. They next attacked Leon and Rio Leja on the Mexican coast, when Uampier left Davis, Cook's successor, and sailed with Capt. Swan across the Pacifie for the East Indies. After visiting St John's Is- land, New Holland, and Nicobar, Dampier aban- doned his companions, journeyed to the Eng- lish factory at Achan, where he subsequently joined with Captain Weldon in trading voy- ages during 15 months, and then engaged as gunner at a factory at Bencoolen. In 1691, he escaped the vigilance of the gov., and arrived at the Downs, Sept. 16, brinKinc; witli him all his papers and journals. Beinu' v.nw in \v;iiit of money, he sold his share in an IhImii pi in. r, whom his companions cnrriril ali-iur I'n- i_.\liilii- tion. Capt. R. naw, -jc, Ini , i'. i^. Hav- ing sailed in "The i; . '. ' " . r. : voyage of discovery, in Jan It.' mnicred at the Isle of Asccncion, ..... , , ...... in^ crew, he remained from Oct. ITtij luiul i..li.jvLd, April, 1701. He was employed, 1708-11, in prose- cuting a voyage to the South Seas under the patronage of British merchants. This voy.nge round the worl.l lias hnrn frcqiinntlv pub., and is an accni-at.. ami valual.i.. wi.rk." Tli.. I.. ,,t edition is tliat ..lirja, 4 ;..!-, s^.., 1 1 In 1707, he l.iil.. a iLli-n.-,' uf ins laic...aiiuiiinu- on the Spanish Maiu. lie aNo wrote a treatise on Winds and Tides. Dana, Charles Andersos, journalist, b. Hinsdale, N.H., Aug. 8, 1819. He studied two years at H.U., but did not grad., owing to a disease of the eyes. He edited the Harbinrjer, was a contrili. to the Boston Chronoti/pe, was connected with the N.Y. Tribune in 1847-58, and is now editor of the Sun. He edited " The Household Book of Poetry," N.Y., 8vo, 1858, and, in connection with Geo. Ripley, edited Appleton's Cycl. Ass. Sect. War, 1863-4. Dana, Daniel, D.D., Preso. clergyman, b. Ipswich, Ms., July 24, 1771 ; d. Nonburv- port, Ms., Aug. 26, 1859. Dartm. Coll. 1788. Son of Rev. Dr. Joseph. Settled pastor of the First Presb. Church, Newburyport, Nov. 19, 1794; prcs. of Dartm. Coll. in 1820-21; set- tled in Londonderry, N.H., Jan. 16, 1822; dis- missed Apr. 1826, and from May 31, 1826, to 1845, he was settled over the Second Presb. Church in Newburyport. Trustee of the And. Theol. Sem. from 1804 to 1856. He pub. 21 occasional sermons, besides discourses, essays, &c. — AlunmiD.C. Dana, Edmund Trowbridge, J.U.D. (Heidelberg, 1854), translator and editor of works on internation.al and public law, and polit. economy, b. Cambridge, Ms., 29 Aug. 1818; d. there 18 May, 1869. Vt. U. 1839; Camb. Law School, 1 841 . Son of R. H. Dana. Practised law with his bro. R. H., jun., a few years in Boston, then studied at the German universities. Dana, Francis, LL.D. (H.U 1792), states- man and jurist, b. Charlestown, Ms., June 13, 1743 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., April 25, 1811. H. U. 1762. Richard, his father, was an eminent magistrate and patriot. Francis studied law with Judge Trowbridge ; was adm. to the bar in 1767 ; became an active Whig ; was a delegate to the Provincial Congress in Sept.1774 ; passed the year 1775 in Eng. ; member of the exec, council from May, 1776, to 1780; delegate to Congress in 1776-8 and in 1784; member of the board of war, Nov. 17, 1777, and chairman of the committee chargfed with the responsibil- ity of re-organizing the army ; accomp. Mr. Adams to Paris in Nov. 1779, as see. of legation; and from Dec. 19, 1780, until 1783, was minis- ter to Russia. Prevented from attending the 245 convention for framing tlie Federal Constitu- tion, of wliicli he was a member, in 1787, he strongly advocated its adoption in the conven- tion of Ms. He declin.vl ,h.- onihu-y to France in 1797. Judge ot i ^^i ■' n ( ..m-t ofMs. from Jan. 1785, lint., i ^ .[ice 1792-1806. Afounden.l :.. .v.i.: .. .\.rts and Sciences, and a vicc-pu.,. ul iluii budy. Early in life, he m. a dau. of \Vm. Ellery. His corresp. while in Europe will be found in Sparks's " Diplom. Corresp.," vol. viii. Dana, James, D.D. (U. of Edinb.), Cong, minister, b. Ms., May 11, 17.35 ; d. New Ha- ven, Ct., Aug. 18, 1812. H.U. 1753. Ord. at Wallingtbrd, Ct., Oct. 12, 1758, in disregard of the " Saybrook Phitform," and a long con- troversy ensued ; dism. 1 788. Minister of New Haven from Apr. 29, 1789, to the fall of 1805. He regarded the scheme of Edwards as acquit- ting the creature of blame, and impeaching the truth and justice of the Creator. He pub. anonymously an " Examination of Edwards on the Will," 8vo, Boston, 1770; a continuation of the same, with his name, in 1773 ; a century discourse, Apr. 9, 1770, and a number of ser- mons. Samuel W. Dana, U.S. senator, was his son. Dana, James Dwight, LL.D. ( Amh. Coll. 1853), physicist, son of James, b, Utica, N.Y., Feb. 12, 1813. Y. C. 1833. App. teacher of mathematics in the U.S. navy, and sailed to the Mediterranean in " The Delaware," return- ing in 1835. In 1835-6, he was assist, to Prof Sdliman at Y.C. ; from Aug. 1838 to 18+2, he was mineralogist and geologist of Wilkes's ex- ploring exped., and for 13 years after was en- gaged in preparing forpub. the various reports of this cxped., and in other scientific labors. He returned to New Haven in 1844, m. Henri- etta Francis, dau. of Prof. Silliman, and has since resided in that city. In 1855, he became Silliman prof of nat. hist, and geology in Y.C, a post he still occupies, while editing the American Journal of Science, founded by Silli- man in 1819. He has also contrib. various important scientific papers to the Proceedings of the Am. Acad, of Arts and Sciences in Bos- ton, the Lyceum of Natural History of N.Y., and the Acad, of Natural Sciences of Phila. In 1854, he was elected pres. of the Am. As.soc. for the Advancement of Science, and is a mem- ber of many learned societies in Europe. He pub. "Mineralogy," 1837, 4th edition revised and enlarged, 1854; reports on "Zoophytes," 1846, proposing a new classification, and de- scribing 230 new species ; on the " Geology of the Pacific," 1849; on "Crustacea," 1852-4, describing 658 new species; on "Coral Reefs and Islands," 8vo, Phila., 1853 ; " Suppt. to System of Mineralogy," 1855-6 ; " Man- ual of Geology," 1862, and articles in the Am- er. Jour, of Science. A series of 4 articles from his pen, entitled "Science and the Bible," called forth by Taylor Lewis's work on " The Six Days of Creation," appeared in the Bibli- otlieca Sacra in 1856-7. Dana, James Freeman, chemist, b. Am- herst, N.H., Sept. 23, 1793 ; d. N.Y. City, Apr. 14, 1827. H.U. 1813. He was the son of Lu- ther Dana, a naval officer of the Revol. Stud- ied medicine in Boston ; spent 6 months in Lond., under the instruction of the celebrated chemist, Accum, and, on his return, was em- ployed to refit the laboratory of Harvard Coll., and settled In Cambridge as a physician, hokling also the office of assist, prof, of chem- isiry. In 1817, he received the degree of M.D.; ill the autumn of that year was app. lec- turer on chemistry in Dartm. Coll., and in 1820 prof, lecturing also on mineralogy and botany. In 1826-7, he was prof, of chemistrv in the N.Y. Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons. He pub. a small work on the mineralogy and geol- ogy of Boston and vicinity, in conjunction with his bro. Dr.S. L. Dana, 1818 ; " Epitome of Chemical Philosophy," 1825; "Report on a Singular Disease of Horned Cattle in Burton, N.H." He also contrib. many scientific pa- pers to the Journal of Science, the A''.^^. Jour- nal of Medicine, and the Annals of t/ie Lyceum of Natural History of N. Y. In 1815 and 1816, he received Boylston prizes for dissertations. Dana, John W., gov. of Me., 1847-50, min- ister to Bolivia, 1854, son of Judah,b. Fryeburg, Me.; d. near Rosarlo, S. Amer., Dec. 22, 1867, of cholera. He was a Democ. politician. Dana, Judah, lawyer, b. Pomfret, Ct., April 25, 1772; d. Frveburg, Me., Dec. 27, 1845. Dartm. Coll. 1795. His mother was a dau. of Gen. Putnam. He began to practise law at Fryeburg in 1798 ; was county atty. in 1805-11 ;"judge of probate, 1805-22, and of the circuit of C. C. P. in 1811-23; member of the Me. Const. Conv. in 1819, one of the com. by whom the instr. was drafted ; a mem- ber of the exec, council in 1834, and of the U. S. senate in 1836-7. — A C. Alumni. Dana, Napoleon Jackson Tecumseh, maj.-gen. vols., b. Fort Sullivan, Eastport, Me., Apr. 10, 1822. West Point, 1842. Entering the 7th Inf , he served with distinction in Mex- ico ; was severely wounded at Cerro Gordo, and brev. capt. Resigning in 1855, he engaged in business in St. Paul until Oct. 1861, when he became col. 1st Minnesota Vols. On the 21st, he participated in the afifair at Ball's Bluff. Made brig. -gen. Feb. 3, 1862, he served with the Potomac Army in all the battles be- fore Richmond. At Antietam, he com. a bri- gade in Sedgwick's division of Sumner's corps, and was wounded. Maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; in the operations with Army of the Gulf, and engaged at Fordocho Bayou, Sept. 1863; at Brazos Santiago, Oct. 27; com. I3th army corp.s, Dec.-Jan. 1864; com. dist. of Vicks- burg, Aug.-Oct. 1864; 16th army corps, and dist. of W. Tenn. and Vicksburg, Nov. 1864, and dept. of Mpi. Dec. '64, to 27 May, 1863. Dana, Richard, jurist, b. Cambridge, Ms., July 7, 1699; d. May 17, 1772. H. U. 1718. Grandson of Richard, who settled in Cambridge in 1640. After practising law at Marblehead and Charlesiown, he removed to Boston, where he attained high rank in the profession. He was prominent in the ante-Revol. movement; occasionally presided over the Boston town- meetings, between 1763 and 1772 ; reported the instructions to the town representatives, Nov. 20, 1 767, and May 8, 1770; was one of the asso- ciated Sons of Liberty, and at their celebrated meeting of Dec. 17, 1769, administered to Sec Oliver the oath of non-execution of the Stamp 246 Act. His death was considered a great loss to the patriot cause. He ni. the sister of Judge Trowbridge, and was the father of Chief-Jus- tice Francis Dana. Sana, Richard Henry, poet and essayist, b. Cambridge, Ms., Nov. 15, 1787. He was educated at H. U. and at Newport, B,'.!. ; stud- ied law with his father, {"rancis Dana ; was adm. to the Boston bar in 1811, and soon after to that of Baltimore, but in 1812 entered upon the profession in his native town, and became a member of the legisl. His first literary pub- lic appearance was as an orator on the 4tb of July, 1814, in which year he joined the club by whom the North American Review was ori- ginated, and for a time conducted. In 1818-19, he was its assoc. editor with Prof. E. T. Chan- ning. lu 1821-2, he pub., in numbers, " The Idle Man." His first pieces in verse, " TKe Dying Raven," and " The Husband and Wife's Grave," appeared in the N. Y. Review in 1825. In 1827, he pub. "The Buccaneer, and other Poems," wbich was well received and highly commended. It was praised by Wilson m Blackwood's Marjazitie, as " the most powerful and original of Amer. poetical com- positions." In 1833, he pub. an enlarged vol., including new poems and the papers of " The Idle Man," and in 1850, "Poems and Prose Writings," 2 vols., being a complete coll. of his writings, excepting a series of lectures on Shakspeare, delivered in Boston, N. Y., and Phila., 1839-40. Dana, Richard Henry, Jun., advocate and writer,son of the preceding, b. Cambridge, Ms., Aug. 1, 1815. H. U. 1837. In 1834, he made the voyage described in his " Two Years be- fore the Mast," which details the ship and shore life of a common sailor from personal experience. Adra. to the Boston bar in 1840. In 1841, he pub. "The Seaman's Friend," re- pnb. in Eng. as " The Seaman's Manual." Mr. Dana was engaged in the numerous trials for the rescue of the slave Shadrach in 1853, and in the case of Anthony Burns in 1854. He was a dek-.-ate to the Buffalo convention of 1848; a speaker in the Repub. movement of 1856-60, and a member of the Ms. Const. Conv. of 1853. In 1861-6, be was U. S. attv. for the dist. of Ms. He has occasionally con- trib. to the N. A. Review and to the Law Re- porter. In 1859, he pub. a vol. of travel, "To Cuba and Back." He is the author of many speeches and addresses on political and general topics. Sana, Samuel, an eminent lawver and ju- rist, son of Judge Samuel (H. U. 1755; min- ister of Groton, 1761-75 ; b. Jan. 14, 1739 ; d. Apr. 2, 1798), b. Groton, Ms., June 26, 1767; d. Charici^town, M*.. Nov. 20, 1835. Pres. of the Ms. senate; M. C. 1S14-I5; and chief-jus- tice of the Circuit C. C. P. He pub. an ora- tion delivered at Groton, July 4, 1807.— Saii'ne and Allen. Dana, Samuel Luther, M.D., LL.D., chemist, bro. of James F., and grandson of Rev. Samuel of Groton, b. Groton, Ms., July 11, 1795; d. Lowell, Ms., Mar. U, 1868. H.U. 1813. Lieut. 1st U. S. Art., and served until the close of the War of 1 81 2-1 5. He then stud- ied medicine ; received the degree of M.D. in 1818; practised from 1819 to 1826in Waltham, where he established a chemical laboratory for the manuf. of the oil of vitriol and bleaching- salts, and founded the "Newton Chemical Co.," of which he was the chemist till 1834. Subse- quently resident and consulting chemist to the Merrimack Manuf. Co. In connection with his bro., he pub. " Tlie Mineralogy and Geology of Boston and Vicinity," 1818. In 1833, while in Eng., he pub. a clear exposition of the chemical changes occurring in the manuf. of sulphuric acid. This was followed by a report to the city council of Lowell on the danger arising from the use of lead water-pipes. He made many experiments in agricultural science ; pub. " The Farmer's J^uck Manual" in 1842; an "Es- say on Manures," 1843, honored by the prize of the Ms. Agric. Society ; a translation of Tauquerelon Lead-Diseases; and assisted in the agric. and geol. reports of the State survey. He also contrib. several articles to the iV A. Review and other periodicals. He contrib. to the improvement of the important art of print- ing cotton, beside his discoveries in the art of bleaching it. Dana, Samuel Whittlesey, an eminent and leading Federalist, son of Rev. James, b. New Haven, Ct., July, 1757 ; d. Julv 21, 1830. Y. C. 1775. M. C. 1796 to 1810 ; U. S. sen- ator, 1810-21. Many years mayor of Middle- town, Ct. Dane, Nathan, LL.D., an eminent jurist and statesman, b Ipswich, Dec. 27, 1752 ; d. Beverly, Ms., Feb. 15, 1835. H.U. 1778. John, his ancestor, came from England, as early as 1638, and settled in Ipswich. He practised law in Beverly, where he resided till his death ; was a member of the Ms. legisl. in 1782-5, and was an able and influential member of Congress in 1785-8; member of the Ms. senate in 1790, '94, '96-8 ; a commis- sioner to revise the laws of the State in 1795 ; in 1811, to revise and publish the charters which had l)een granted therein ; and again, in 1812, tomake anew publication of the statutes. In 1814, he was a member of the Hartford Convention, and in 1820 of that for revising the State constitution, but, on account of deaf- ness, declined taking his seat. He was the framer of the celebrated ordnance, passed by Congress in 1787, for the govt, of the territory north-west of the Ohio, — a code, by which the principles of free gt., to the exclusion of slavery, were extended to that immense region. He in- corporated in this ordnance a prohibition against all laws impairing the oMigation of contracts, which the convention that formed the Constitution of the U.S. a few months after- wards extended to all the States of the Union, by making it a part of that Constitution. His professional practice was laborious and exten- sive ; and his great work, entitled " A General Abridgment and Diircst of American Law," in 9 large vols, 8vo (1S23-9), remains as a proof of his learning and industry. The Dane pro- fessorship of law, founded by his munificence at H. U., and the law hall for the use of ths students and professors of law, are enduring monuments of his desire to promote the inter- ests ot the legal profession and the welfare of the community. 247 Danforth, Samuel, minister of Roxburv from Sept. 24, 1650, to his il., Nov. 19, 1674'; b. riamlingliam, Suffolk, En;;., Sept. 1626 ; came to N.E. with Nicholas his father, 16.34. H. U. 1643. Tutor and fellow of H. U. Brother of Thos., pres. of Me. He pub. a number of Almanacs, an " Astronomical De- scription of the Comet of 1664," a heavcnl)' body, the appearance of which he believed por- tentous, and the election sermon, 1670, enti- tled " A Recognition of New England's Errand into the Wilderness." Danforth, Samuel, M.D., pbysician, b. Cambridge, Ms., Ah^- 1740; d. Boston, Nov. 16,1827. H.U. 1758. Son of Judge Samuel, grandson of Rev. John of Dorchester. After studying medicine with Dr. Rand, he practised a year or two at Newport, and then settled in Boston, where bis loyalty occasioned his being treated somewhat harshly after the evacuation of that city by the British. He practised with success until near 80 years of age, and in- creased his reputation by his chemical studios. In all ditficiilt medical cases, his opinion was relied on as the utmost effort of human skill. From 1795 to 1798, be was pres. of the Ms. Med. Society. Member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. — Tliacher. Danforth, Thomas, pres. of the district of Maine, b. Eng., 1622; d. Nov. 5, 1699. Son of Nicholas, who d. Cambridge, 1637. He had great influence in public affairs ; was an assist, from 1659 to 1C78; dep. gov. in 1679; pres. and dept. gov. until the arrival of Andros in 1688. He was also a judge of the Superior Court. In 1681, he, with Gookin, Cooke, and others, opposed the acts of trade, and assert- ed the chartered rights of his country. During the witclicral't troubles in 1692, he condemned the proceedings of the courts. Daniel, Isaac, a soldi^rof the Revo!, and of thu War of 1812, b. Westchester Co., N.Y.; d. N.Y. Cily, 29 June, 1864, a. 109 years. Daniel, John M., journalist, d. Richmond, Va., March 30, 1865. Noted as a newspaper writer in Richmond. He was in 1854 app. by Pres. Pierce, minister resident at the court of Sardinia, but became very unpopular, and in 1858 resigned. Soon after, he became again connected with the Richmond press, and was noted for the violence of his language, and his readiness to resort to the duello. He was a strenuous advocate for the banging of John Brown in 1859; was a zealous secessionist; was for a time on the staff of one of the Va. corps commanders, but soon returned to Rich- mond, and edited the Examiner, in which he attacked Mr. Davis virulently. A Life of Stonewall Jackson, pub. in his name, was written bv J. Estcn Cook. A Memoir of Daniel, by bis bro. F. S. Daniel, was pub. 1868. Dariiel, Joseph J., jurist, b. Halifax Co., N.C., ab. 1783; d. Feb. 1848. After receiv- ing a classical education, he studied law, be- came an ornament to the bar; in 1807 was elected a member of the house; in 1816 was app. .a judge of the Superior Court of Law and Equity, and, from 1822 to his d., was judge of the N.C. Supreme Court. Daniel, Junius, brig.-gen. C. S. A., b. N.C. 1828; killed near Spottsylvania, Va-, May 11, 18C4. West Point, 1851. 1st lieut. 3d U.S. Inf., May, 1857 ; resigned, June, 1858, and was a planter at Shreveport, La., 1858-61. Daniel, Peter Vtvian, jurist, b. Stafford Co., Va., 1785; d. Richmond, Va., May 31, 1860. N.J. Coll. 1805. His father, Travers Daniel, was an extensive land-proprietor and planter in Stafford Co., Va., to which State his ancestor emigrated in 1649. Adin. to the bar in 1808. In 1809-10, hewas a member of the H. of delegates ; one of the privy council from 1812 to 1835, being a portion of the time ex-officio pres. of the council, and lient.-gov. ; app. judge of the U.S. Dist. Court of Va. in 1836, and 3 Mar. 1841, judge of the U.S. Su- preme Court. He m. a daughter of Edmund Randolj)h, in whose office he studied law. He was a Democ. politician, and sustained the Dred Scott decision of Judge Taney. Daniel, William, judge, b. Va., 1771; d. Lynchburg, Nov. 20, 1839. In 1798-9, he was a conspicuous member of the State legisl., and, during the last 23 years of his life, was on the bench of the general and circuit courts of Va. Danielson, Timothy, Revol. patriot, b. Brinilielil, Ms., 1733; d. there Sept. 19, 1791. Y.C. 1756. Ho studied theology, but did not engage in the clerical profession. In Sept. 17(4, he was chairman of the Hampshire Co. conveniiun ; a delegate to the Pjov. Congress at Concord, Oct. "1774, at Can)bridge, Feb. 1775, and at Watertown, May, 1775. In May, 1774, being then a representative, he was chosen to the council, but was negatived by Gov. Gage. Col. of a provincial regt. in May, 1775. His chief service, however, was in the legisl., of which he continued a member several years. Member of the State Const. Conv. in 1779, and afterward of the State senate and executive council; chief-justice of Hampshire Co. His widow m. Gen. Eaton. Large and finely formed, he possessed great in- fluence. Daponte, see Ponte. Darby, VVilliam, statistician and geogra- pher, b. Pa. 1775 ; d. Washington, D.C., Oct. 9, 1854. An officer under Gen. Jackson in La., and one of the surveyors of the boundary between the U.S. and Canada. Author of "Geog. Descrip. of La.," 8vo, 1816; "Plan of Pittsburg and Adjacent Country," 1817 ; " Emigrant's Guide to the Western Country," 1818; "Tour from N.Y. to Detroit," 1819; " Geog. and Hist, of Florida, with a map," 1821 ; 3d ed. of "Brooke's Univ. Gazetteer," 1823 ; " View of the U.S.," 8vo, 1828 ; " Lec- tures on the Discovery of Amer.," 1828 ; " Geographical DiciionaVv," 8vo, 3d ed., 1843 ; "U.S. Gazetteer," 1830 ('with Theo. Dwight), and " Mnemonica, a Register of Events to 1829." Darden, Miles, noted for his great size, b. N.C. 1798; d. Henderson Co, Tenn., Jan. 23, 1857. He was 7 feet 6 inches high; and at his death his weight was a little over 1,000 lbs. Until 1853, he was activeand lively, and able to labor; but from that time, was obliged to stay at home, or be hauled about in a 2-horse wagon. In 1850, it required 13^yds. of cloth, one yard wide, to make him a coat. 248 TDATV His coffin was 8 feet long, 35 inches deep, 32 inches across the breast, 18 across the head, and 14 across the feet. Dare, Virginia, the first child of English parents in the New World, b. at Roanoke, Aug. 1587. Grand-daughter of John White, gov. of the colony sent by Sir Walter Raleigh. White's dau. m. Mr. Dare, one of the assist- ants of the gov. ; and Virginia was b. ab. a month after the arrival of the e.xped. Darke, William, gen., b. Phila. Co., Pa., 1736; d. Jefferson Co., Va., Nov. 26, 1801. In 1740, his parents moved to Va. He was in Braddock's army at its defeat in 1755, and was made a capt. at the beginning of the Rov- ol. war. Ho was made prisoner at the battle of Germantown, and was col. com. of the Hampshire and Berkeley regts. at the capture of Cornwallis. He was often a member of the Va. legisl., and, in the convention of 1788, voted for the Fc(k-r;>l Constitution. Lieut.-col. of a regt. of " Levies " in 1791, he com. the left wing of St. Clair's army, at its defeat by the Miami Indians, Nov. 4, 1791. He made two gallant and successful charges with the bayonet in this fight, in the second of which, his youngest son, Capt. Joseph Darke, was killed, and he himself was wounded, and nar- rowly escaped death. He was afterward a maj.-gen. of Va. militia. Darley, Ellen Westray, actress, b. Bath, Eng. ; d. Phila., Sept. 26, 1849. Made her first a'^p. in Amer. at the Haymarket, Boston, Dec. 26, 1796, as Narcissa, in "Inkle and Yarico;" in N.Y. in 1798, at the Park, as Joanna in " The Deserted Daughter." Darley, Felix O. C, artist, b. Phila., June 23, 1822. Placed by his parents in a mercantile establishment, he devoted his lei- sure to drawing, and, receiving from the pub- lisher of the Saturdaij Museum a handsome sum for a few designs, he applied himself wholly to that pursuit. For several years, he was employed by large publishing-houses in Phila., anil soon acquired reputation. The series pub. in the " Library of Humorous American Works " was very popular in the Southern and Western States. In 1848, ho removed to New York, where he illustrated " The Sketch Book," " Knickerbocker," &c. He had previously made a series of designs in outline, from Judd's novel of "Margaret," which were pub. in 1856. The committee of the American Art Union commissioned him to illustrate in similar style Irving's " Rip Van Winkle" and his "Legend of Sleepy Hollow," both of which are highly creditable productions. Offers were made to him to set- tle in London, which he declined. He has also been engaged in the preparation of vig- nettes for bank-notes, and in illustrating Coop- er's works ; has executed " The Massacre at Wyoming," and 4 other Revol. pieces of merit, and has contrib. designs to Irving's " Life of Washington," Dickens's and Sims's novels. Another of his works is an illustration of the wedding-procession in Longfellow's poem of "The Courtship of Miles Standish." For Prince Napoleon, when in N.Y., he executed four drawings illustrative of American life, " The Unwilling Laborer," " Repose," " The Blacksmith's Shop," and " Emigrants attacked by the Indians." Among his pictures of the late civil war are " Giving Comfort to the Enemy " and " Dahlgren's Char^'c at Fred- ericksburg." He m. the dau. of Warren Col- burn, and resides at Claymont, Del. — Ttick- Darling, Notes, a disting. agriculturist, b. Woodbridge, Ct., 1782; d. New Haven, Sept. 17, 1846. Y. C. 1801. Tutor there 1804- 8. Engaged at one time in mercantile pur- suits in N.Y. City, he afterward became espe- cially interested in horticulture, and, also in in- vestigating the habits of insects injurious to vegetation, and wrote frequently on this sub- ject. He passed the latter portion of his life in New Haven, of which city he was mayor, having served long as Co. surveyor, and was at the time of his death judge of the Co. Darlington, William, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1804), LL.D. (Y.C. 1848), botanist and poli- tician, b. of Quaker parents in Birmingham, Pa., Apr. 28, 1782 ; d West Chester, Pa., Apr. 23, 1863. With only a commoncountry school education, he began to study medicine at the age of 18; studied languages and botany 2 years, and then went to Calcutta as surgeon of a ship. His " Letters from Calcutta " were afterward pub. in the Analectic Maijazine. Re- turning in 1807, he ra., and practised medicme for several years successfully at West Chester. He wrote in defence of the policy of Mr. Madison ; raised an armed corps on the break- ing-out of hostilities, and, after the sack of Washington in 1814, was chosen major of a vol. regt., and was a Democ. M.C. in 1815-17 and 1819-23. He founded at West Chester in 1812 an academy, an athenaeum, and a pros- perous society of natural history, of which he was pres. In 1813, he began adescriptive cata- logue of plants growing around West Chester, pub. in 1826, with the title." Florula Cestrica," afterwards enlarged as the " Flora Cestrica," 1837, and repub. in 1853, containing a com- plete description and classification of every plantknownin thecountv. In 1843, lieedited the corresp. of his IViL'nd, Dr. Wm. Baldwin, and accomp. it wi'li a iiiriihin-, niMliii;; the work " Relif/ ' ■ /. I , i s:i3, the name of Du, > -ivun, in his honor, tu a u a lh.J i.jiu.u L.i Ij variety of pitcher-plant found in Califuiniu. In 1847, he pub. " Agric. Botany; " " Mutual Influence of Habits and Disease," 8vo, 1804-6; "Agric. Chemistry," 1847. In 1849, he coll. and pub. the corresp. of Humphrey Marshall and John Bartram. His last work, pub. in the W. Ches- ter Village Record, was his " Nohe Cestrienses." He was a member of some 40 learned societies in America and Europe. — Gen. Reg. xvjii. 97. D'Arusmont, see Weight. Daveiss, Col. Joseph Hamilton, law- yer and soldier, b. Bedford Co., Va., Mar. 4, 1774; d. Nov. 7, 1811. He was bred to the law, and was at the time of his death U.S. atty. for Ky. A maj. of Ky. vol. dragoons under Gen. Harrison at Tippecanoe, he was killed while leading his men to the charge. He pub. in 1807 '■ A View of the President's Conduct concerning the Conspiracy of 1806." DA.V Davenport, Col. Abraham, Revol. pa- triot, b. Stamford, Ct., 1715 ; d. there Nov. 20, 1789. Y.C. 17.32. Son of Rev. John, minis- ter of Stamford, 1694-1731. He was a man of stern integrity and generous beneficence. In a time of scarcity, he sold the product of his farm to the poor at old prices. He was a judge of the C.C.P. ; a member of the exec, council of Ct. ; 25 years in the State legisl. ; senator, 1766-84 ; and during the war was one of the State com. of safety. — Hist. IStamford. Davenport, Addinoton, judge, b. Aug. 3. 1670; d. Apr. 2, 1736. H.U. 1689. After visiting Eng., Spain, and the West Indies, he returned to Boston, and was register of deeds for Suffolk Co. He was afterward successively clerk of the H. of representatives, Supreme Court, and C.C.P. ; member of the council ; representative, 1711-13, and from 1715 to his death was judge of the Supreme Court. He was one of the founders of Brattle-st. Church in 1698. Davenport, Addington, D.D., a Prot.- Epis. clergyman of Boston, son of the preced- ing, b. May 16, 1701 ; d. Sept. 8, 1746. H.U. 1719. He was educated for the law, but entered the ministry. From Apr. 15, 1730, to 1737, he was minister of St. Andrew's Church, Scit- uate ; was assist, minister of King's Chapel from Apr. 15, 1737, to May 8, 1740, when he becathe rector of Trinity Church. On leaving Scituate, he gave his house and land to the Society for Projiagaiing the Gospel in Foreign Parts. Dec. 23, 1729, he m. Jane, dau. of Grove Hirst, a merchant of Boston. Davenport, Edward L; one of the best actors on the American stage, b. Boston, 1816. Made his dSnt at the Lion Theatre, Providence, as Passion Will to Booth's Sir Giles Overreach. First appeared in N.Y. at the Bowery, under Hamblin's management ; at Phila , at the Walnut, in 1838, as Count Montalban in the Honeymoon. Dec. 6, 1847, he opened at the Manchester Theatre, Eng., as Claude Melnotte, and supported Mrs. Mowatt. During Macready's f\irewell from tlie stage, he sup- ported him. He m. Fanny Vining. Davenport, Franklin, of Woodbury, N J., served in the Revol. war under Gen. Saral. Smith at Fort Mifflin: was a U.S. senator in 1798-9; M.C. 1799 to 1801, and also a judge. Davenport, Henry K., capt. U. S. N., b. Ga., Dee. 10, 1820. MiJshipm. Feb. 19, 1838; lieut. Dec. 19,1833; com. July 16, 1862; capt. Mar. 14, 1868. Attached to sloop " Portsmouth " at the storming of the 6 forts. Canton River, China, Nov. 1856; to the sloop "Cumberland" at the capture of Hatteras, Aug. 1861 ; inrepulseof rebel steamer "James- town," in James River, Dec. 1861 ; com. steamer " Hetzel " at the capture of Newbern, and destruction of rebel fleet in those waters ; defence of Fort Anderson, Neuse Kiver, and repulse of Pettigrew's army, Mar. 14, 1863; defence of Newbern, and repulse of Hoke's army, May, 1864 ; com. flag-ship " Lancaster," Pacific squad., 1864-6, and captured 7 pirates on board Amer. steamer " Salvador " off the Bay of Panama, Nov. 10, 1864, and received thanks of navy dept. — Uamersly. Davenport, James, lawyer and M.C. 1796-9; son of Col. Abraham; b. Stamford, 12 Oct. 1758; d. there 3 Aug. 1797. Y.C. 1777. He was in the commissary dept. in the Revol. ; was a judge of the C.C.P., and a man of literary tastes and abilities. Davenport, John, a Puritan divine, one of the founders of New Haven, b. Coventry, Eng., 1597; d. Boston, Mar. 15, 1670. At the age of 16, he entered Merton Coll., Oxford. After 2 yrs. rem. to Magdalen, where he re- ceived the degree of B.A., and subsequently that of B. D. He commenced preaching in Lond., where his purity and worth, his learning, and talent as a preacher, were greatly esteemed. Ab. 1626, in connection with Drs. Sibs and Gouge, the lord-mayor of London, and oth- ers, he devised a plan to purchase impropria- tions, with the profits of which a number of ministers should be maintained, who would assist in reforming abuses. But" Archbishop Laud procured its condemnation, and the confiscation of the money to the king's use. At the close of 1633, Mr. Davenport was com- pelled, by the increasing persecution of non- conformists, to resign his pastoral office over St. Stephen's Church, Coleman St., and retire to Holland. After officiating for a time as a privateinstructor,hereturned to Lond. in 1635. He had been concerned in the patent of the Ms. Colony, and determined to come over. June 26, 1637, he landed at Boston with Mr. Eaton and Mr. Hopkins, was received with great respect, and invited to sit with the synod at Cambridge, to which his learning and wis- dom made him a valuable accession. March 30, 1638, he sailed with his company for Quin- nipiack, or New Haven, to found a new colony. Here, under the branches of an oak, he preached Apr. 18, the first Sunday after their arrival, and ministered there near 30 years. June 4, 1639, holding their constituent assem- bly in a barn, the " Free Planters," resolved that church-members only should be burgesses ; and Davenport was chosen one of the "seven pillars" to support the ordinance of civil govt. Two of the regicides, Goffe and Whalley, were concealed in his house ; and he instigated the people, by his preaching, to protect them from the commissioners of tiie king. With Cotton and Hooker, he was invited to join the West- minster Assembly ; but his church was unwill- ing to part with him. He was ord. Dee. 9, 1668, over the First Chuch, Boston ; but he sur- vived this change but a short time. He wrote sermons, several controversial pamphlets, " A Discourse about Civil Govt, in a New Planta- tion," " The Saint's Anchor-Hold in all Storms and Tempests," a Catechism containing the chief lieads of the Christian religion, and other theol. tracts. Davenport, John, lawyer, M.C, 1799- 1817, b. Stamford, Ct., 16 Jan. 1752; d there 28 Nov. 18.30. Y.C. 1770. Tutor there 1773. An active Kevol. patriot, and a maj. in the commis. dept. Son of Col. Abraham. — Hist. Stamford. Davenport, Col. William, b. Culpeper Co., Va., Oct. 12, 1769; d. Walnut Fountain, Caldwell Co., N.C., Aug. 19, 1859. He held at various times the offices of justice of the 250 peace, Co. surveyor, legislator, &c., and con- trib. largely to the erection of the female coll. of Lenoir, which bears his name. Davenport, William, col. U.S.A., b. N. C. ; d. Fhila., Apr. 12, 18.->8. App. capt. 16 Inf., Sept. 28, 1812 ; niaj. 6[h Inf., Dec. 16, 1825; lieut.-col. 1st Inf., Apr. 4, 1832; in bat- tle of Bad Axe, under Gen. Atkinson; brev. col. for meritorious service in Florida, July 7, 1838; col. 6th Inf., June 14, 1842; 1st Inf., July, 1843 ; resigned, Jan. 31, 1850. He dis- ting. himself at Chippewa and Bridgewater in the War of 1812, also in the Black Hawk and Florida wars. — Gardner. David, John B., D.D., Horn. Cath. bishop of Louisville, Ky. Consec. 15 Aug. 1819 ; d. 1841. 1, John Wynn, brig.-gen. vols., b. Fairfa.K Co., Va., Aug. IS, 1824. West Point, 1845. Entering the 1st dragoons, lie accompanied .Geii. Kearney, in 184G, to Cal., in com. of a howitzer battery. Was in the battles of San Pasqual, Dec. C, 1846 ; San Ber- nardo, Dec. 7; San Gabriel, Jan. 8, 1847; Plains of Mesa, Jan. 9, 1847 ; Clear Lake, Cal., May 17, 1850, and at Uussian River, June 17, 1850, under Capt. Nath. Lyon. He fought the battle of Cieniguilla, N. Mexico, Mar. 30, 1854, against the Apache and Utah Indians, losing 3-4 of his command, and being himself wounded. Capt. 2U Jan. 1855; maj. 2d Cav. Nov. 14, 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. Feb. 3, 1862 ; com. a brigade in Smith's division in the Potomac Army. He served at the battles of Lee's Mills, Apr. 5, 1862; Mcchanicsville, May 24 ; Golding's farm, June 28, and White- oak Swamp, June 30. Early in Aug. he was transferred to the dept. of the Mpi., and put in com. of the S. E. dist. of Mo. He co-ope- rated with Gen. Steele in his exped. against Little Rock, meeting the rebel cavalry at Bayou Metre; was in the actions of Ash- ley's Mills, Ark., and Little Rock, 10 Sept. 1863; com. cav. exped. from Baton Rouge to Pascagoula, 24 Nov. 1864; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865, for capt. of Little Rock; maj.-gen. for merit, services in the Rebellion; lieut.-col. 10th Cav. 1 Dee. 1866.— tW/um. Davidson, Luckktia Makia, a remarka- ble instance of early genius, b. Plattsburg, N.Y., Sept. 27, 1808; d. Aug. 27, 1825. When but four years old, a number of her lit- tle books were found to be filled with rude drawings, accompanied with explanatory verses written in characters of the primed alphabet. From an early age, every leisure moment was devoted to reading. The earliest of her pro- ductions which are preserved were written when she was 9 years old. So early, ardent, and so fatal a pursuit of intellectual improve- ment is unparalleled, except in the cases of Chatterton and Kirke White. In Oct. 1824, a gentleman who knew her intense desire for education placed her at a female seminary, where her inees.sant application soon de.stroyed her constitution, previously debilitated by dis- ease; and she d. before completing her 17th year. A biog. sketch, with a coll. of her po- ems, was pub. by S. F. B. Morse, in 1829, en- titled " Amir Khan and other Poems, the Re- mains of L. M. Davidson." Although a great part of her compositions were destroyed, 278 remain. — See Life, hij Catharine M. ^edywick, 1843. Davidson, Margaret Miller, poctes.s, sister of L. M., b. Mar. 26, 1823 ; d. Nov. 25, 1 S37. Sharing her sister's precocity, she began to write at 6 years of age. At 10, she wrote and acted in a passionate drama in society at N.Y., and, notwithstanding the warning of her sister's fate, her intellectual activity was not restrained. Margaret's poems were issued under the au- spices of Washington Irving ; and the works of both sisters were pub. together in 1830. A vol. of Selections from the Writings of Mrs. Margaret M. Davidson, the mother, with a preface by Miss C. M. Sedgwick, appeared in 1843. Lieut. L. P. Davidson, U.S.A., the bro. of Margaret and Lucretia, who also d. young, wrote verses with elegance and ease. Davidson, Gen. William, Revol. officer, b. Lancaster Co., Pa., 1746; killed at the bat- tle of Cowan's Ford, NC, Feb. 1, 1781. In 1750, he removed with his family to Rowan Co., N.C., and was educated at Charlotte Acad. App. a major in 1776, he served under Wash- ington, until in Nov. 1779, detached to re-en- force the army of Gen. Lincoln, at which time he com. his regt. with the rank of lieut.-col. Visiting his family on the way, he was saved from captivity, as the investiture of Charleston prevented him from rejoining his regiment. In an engagement at the head of some militia, with a party of loyalists, near Calson's Mill, he was severely wounded ; but, having been app. brig.-gen. by the State of N.C., took the field 8 weeks after, and. exerted himself to interrupt the progress of Cornwallis. Detached by Greene, on the last day of Jan. 1781, to guard the very ford selected by Cornwallis for his passage of the Catawba, Davidson posted him- self there at night at the head of 300 men, and was killed on the following day. Congress decreed him a monument. — Rogers. Davie, William Richardson, lawyer, statesman, and soldier, b. Egrcmont,ncar White Haven, Eng., June 20, 1756 ; d. Camden, S.C, Nov. 8, 1820. N.J. Coll. 1776. His father brought him to S.C. soon after the peace of 1763, and, returning to Eng., confided him to the care of Rev. Wm. Richardson, his maternal uncle, who educated and adopted him as his son and heir. He commenced the study of law at Salisbury; but, soon obtaining a lieutenancy in a troop of dragoons, he succeeded to the com., annexed it to the legion of Pulaski in 1779, and was promoted by Gen. Lincoln to be brigade-major. He fought at Stono, where he was severely wounded, at Hanging Rock, and Rocky Mount. Taking the field with a legionary corps, and rank of maj , after ex|iend- ing the last shilling of the estate bc(pieathcd to him by his uncle, in its equipment, he was actively engaged in protecting the country between Charlotte and Camden from the enemy's predatory excursions. When Corn- wallis entered Charlotte, N.C., Col. Davie severely handled Tarleton'sIegion,killingalarge number, and wounding its commander, Maj. Hanger, withdrawing his own force without loss. His efficiency in saving the remnant of the army after its overthrow at Camden, aa well as his oilier services, procured for him the rank of eul. com. of the cavalry of the State. Gen. Greene, on taking com. of the Southern (lejjt., f;ave him the post of commiss., in which his zeal, talents, influence, and local knowledge contrib. yreatly to the successful operations wliieli followed. After the war, he settled, at Halifax, on the Roanoke, in the practice of law, and soon rose to great eminence. He was possessed of great sagacity, knowledge, and eloquence ; was many years a member of the State legisl. In 1787, he was a delegate to the convention which framed the Federal Constitu- tion; but the illness of his family called him home before its labors were terminated, and his name does not appear on that instrument. In the convention of N.C., he was its most able champion. To him the U. of N.G is mainly indebted for its establishment and support. App. a major-gen. of the State militia ; in 1799, he was gov. of the State, but was soon after sent by Pres. Adams with Ellsworth and Mur- ray on a mission to France. Soon after his return, he withdrew from public life to his farm at Tivoli, on the Catawba River, S.C. App. a raaj.-gen. by the govt, in Mar. 1813, he declined on account of bodily infirmities occa- sioned by his wounds in the Revol. He was a man of commanding appearance, affable, hos- pitable, and delightful as a companion. — See Sparks's Amer. Biorj., vol xv., 2d series. Davies, Charles, LL.D. (Gen. Coll. 1840), mathematician, b. Washington, Ct., 22 Jan. 1798. West Point, 1815. Emig. to St. Lawrence Co., N.Y. He worked on a farm till he entered West Point in 1814. Prof at West Point from Dec. 1816 to Mav, 1837 ; at Trinity Coll. in 1839-41, and in the N.Y. U. in 1848-9, when he withdrew to his residence at Fishkill Landing, N.Y., and completed his series of text-books. He afterward resumed his profes- sional duties, first in the Normal School at Albany, and in Columb. Coll. in 1857-6.5. His works are characterized by great perspicuity, and close logical arrangeniient. They consist of a series of arithmetics, algebras, and geome- tries, "Elements of Surveying," "Shades, Shadows, and Perspective," " Differential and Integnd Calculus," " Grammar of Arithmetic," " Practical Mathemalics," " Logic of Mathe- matics," and " Matheuuvlical Dictionary "(with G. W. Peck). Prof. Davies was a paymaster in the army in 1841-5. Davies, Samdel, D.D., divine and scholar, b. Newcastle Co., Del., Nov. 3, 1723; d. Princeton, N.J. , Feb. 4, 1761. He was care- fully and religiously educated at home by David his father, a pious Welsh planter ; studied at Mr. Blair's school at Fogg's Manor. Was licensed to preach, July 30, 1746; ord. Feb. 19, 1747, and oCSciated at different places in Hanover Co., Va., where dissenters from the established Episcopal Church of Va. were ob- noxious to the civil authorities. The success of his labors led to a controversy between him and the king's atty-gen., as to whether the act of toleration which had been passed in Eng. for therelief of Protestant dissenters extended also to Va., I question i iitclv decided the N.J., he preached with acceptance there and in Scotland, and succeeded in the object of his mission. On his return in Fob. 1755, he re- sumed his pastoral labors, and, after Braddock's defeat, preached a sermon which was pub., in a note to which occurs the prophetic passage: " That heroic youth. Col. Washington, whom I cannot but hope Providence has hitherto pre- served in so signal a manner for some impor- tant service to his country." The First Va. presbytery was established through his efforts in 1755, and July 26, 1759, he succeeded Jona- than Edwards as pres. of the N.J. Coll. A coll. of his sermons was pub. Lond., 1767, in 5 vols., and passed through several editions in Great Britain and Amer. The edition of his sermons pub. N.Y., 1851,3 vols., 8vo, contains an essay on the Life and Times of Davies, by Rev. Albert Barnes. He was an eloquent preacher; and his sermons are highly esteemed tijr elegance of style, as well as -their masterly treatment of important subjects. He also wrote verses of considerable merit, among them an elegy on his old preceptoi-, Samuel Blair. His son Col. William left N.J. Coll. in 1775, became an officer in the army, and enjoyed the esteem of Washington. He was app. a sub- inspector under Steuben, in April, 1778, and was the most efficient of his assistants. He was afterward in the auditor's office, Richmond, and removed to Sussex Co., where he died. Davies, Thomas Alfred, brig.-gen. vols., b. St. Lawrence Co., N.Y., Dec. 1809. West Point, 1829. Entering the 1st Inf., he resigned in 1831 ; followed mercantile pursuits and civil engineering in N.Y. City, where, in 1840-41, he was engaged on the Croton Aqueduct. In May, 1861, he became col. 16th N.Y. vols. In the first battle of Bull Run, lie was acting brig., com. the left wing of the army, and, for his gal- lantry on that occasion, was made brig.-gen. March 7, 1862. Joining the army of the West, under Gen. Halleck, he com. the 2d division in the movement against Corinth, and took part in the battle of Oct. 3-4, 1862 ; com. the dis- trict of Rolla, Mo., Mar. 1863 to Mar. 1864, and of N. Kans. 1864-5. He is the author of " Answer to Hugh Miller and Theoretical Geolo^'ists," " Cosmogony," 8vo, 1853. Davila y PadiUa (ila'-ve-lae pa-del'-ya), AuGOSTiN, became bishop of St. Domingo; d. 1604. Author of " History of the Proviiiceof Santiago de Mexico," 1596. Davis, Andrew Jackson, clairvoyant, b. Blooming Grove, Orange Co., N.Y., Aug. 11, 1826. His parents were extremely poor, and his youth was passed in various labors, with hut little schooling. Early in 1843, Mr. Wm. Levingston of Poughkeepsie, by mesmerism, developed in him extraordinary clairvoyant powers. He discoursed learnedly on medical, psychological, and scientific subjects, and suc- cessfully treated diseases. March 7, 1844, dur- ing a trance of 16 hours, he conversed, as he asserts, with invisible beings, and received inti- mations and instructions concerning the posi- tion he was subsequently to occupy as a teacher from the interior state. In Nov. 1845, he dic- tated to Rev. Wm. Fishbough, at New York, while clairvoyant, his first and most consider- able work, " The Principles of Nature, her D^V 252 Divine Relations, and a Voice to Mankind," 8vo, 800 pp. This book presents a wide range of subjects, and repudiates any special author- ity in the teachings of the Bible. He has pub. several other works undir tli'' -am ■ i-iflnPiice, — the "Great Hannonin," 1 ■ ' •' ■ .Ap- proaching' C'ri^s ;" the " 1'. n : ; ■.; tlie "Prescni"A-f,"and"Iinir, l.n ■, i; ,,,.>vuf Dr. Buslincli on SupernatinaiiMi. , ' ■ I'.uluso- phy of Spiritual Intercourse," Svu; " I'liilosophy of Special Providences ; " " Free Thoughts con- cerning Religion," 8vo, 1854; " Harmonial Man," 8vo. He is more successful as a writer than as a lecturer, and has been principally in- strumental in inaugurating the modern move- ment known as "Spiritualism." — See the Maqic Staff, an Autobiog. of A. J. Davis, 1857. Davis, As-iHEL, b. Ms., 1791. Pub. " An- cient America, and Researches of the East," 30th thousand, 18.54, and lecture on "The Discov. of Amer. by the Northmen," 1840. Davis, Charles Aug., a shipping-mer- chant of N.Y., and a political writer, b. 1795 ; d. 27 Jan. 1867. Well versed in finan- cial and commercial affairs : he was also a bril- liant and genial writer upon those topics. Author of the " Peter Scriber Letters " in the Commercial Advertiser, and " Major Jack Down- ing's Letters " in the same paper, detailing his "th Gen. Jackson, and the plans irowing the U.S. Bank. Charles Henry, LL.D. (H.U. / I gy: 1868), mathematician, rear-adm. U. S. N , b. / Boston, Ms., Jan. 16, 1807.. Son of Daniel, U.S. solicitor-gen. for Ms. H.U. 1825. Mid- shipm. Aug. 12, 1823; lieut. Mar. 3, 1834; com. June 12, 1854; capt. 15 Nov. 1861; commo. July 16, 1862; chief of bureau of navi- gation, July 17, 1862 ; rear-adm. Feb. 7, 1863. From 1844 to 1849, he was engaged in the U.S. coast-survey. In 1846-9, while surveying the waters about Nantucket, he discovered the New South Shoal, and several smaller shoals di- rectly in the track of ships sailing between N.Y. and Europe, and of coasting-vessels from Boston. He was subsequently engaged in ex- amining the state of the harbors of Boston, N.Y., Charleston, &c. Theseinvestigations led him to the study of the laws of tidal action. See his " Memoir upon the Geological Action of the Tidal and other Currents of the Ocean " (Memoirs of the Am. Acad., new series, vol. iv.), and "The Law of Deposit of the Flood Tide" (Smiths. Contribs. vol. iii.). He founded the " Amer. Nautical Almanac," superintend- ing it from 1849 to 1856, when he was ordered to naval service in the Pacific in com. of the sloop of war " St. Mary's." He was fleet-capt. in Dnpont's exped. against Port Royal, and second in com., and was assigned to the Mpi. flotilla. May 9, 1862, he was app. flag-ofBcer of the flotilla, and on the 11th repulsed an at- tack by the rebel fleet. June 8, he attacked the rebel fleet opposite Memphis, capturing or destroying all but one vessel. The surrender of Memphis immediately followed. He then joined Adm. Farragut, and was engaged in the various operations ab. Vicksburg. With Gen. Curtis, he operated up the Yazoo in Aug. 1862, with complete success. Supt. Naval Obser- vatory, Washington, 1865-7 ; com. S. Atlantic squad., 1867-9. Author of an English trans- lation of Gauss's " Thmria Motus Corpomm C(elestium," Boston, 1858, and of some shorter translations and articles on mathematical as- tronomy and geodesy. Davis, Daniel, soldier, killed Sept. 17, 1814, in the sortie from Fort Erie. App. lieut.- col. comg. N.Y. vols., June 29, 1812; brig.- gen. 1814. Davis, Daniel, lawyer, b. Barnstable, Ms., May 8, 1762; d. Cambridge, Oct. 27, 1835. He settled in Falmouth, now Portland, Me., in 1782; was successful at the bar; was 6 years in the house, and 6 years in the senate, of Ms., where he was disting. as a debater ; U.S. atty. for Me., 1796-1801 ; solicitor.-gen. of Ms., 1800-32. He removed to Boston in 1804, and in 1832 to Cambridge. Admiral Charles H. Davis is his son. Author of " Criminal Justice," 8vo, 2d ed. 1828; "Pre- cedents of Indictments," 8vo, 1831.— Willis's Lawi/ers of Maine. Davis, David, jurist, b. Cecil Co., Md., Mar. 9, 1815. Ken. Coll. 1832. Studied law in Ms. and N. Haven ; in 1835, adm. to the bar, and settled in Bloomington, 111. ; member State legisl. 1844 ; of the State Const. Conv., 1847 ; judge of the 8th jud. circuit, 1848-62 ; app. judge U.S. Supreme Court, Dec. 8, 1862. For many years, the intimate friend of Abraham Lincoln, and delegate to the Chicago conven- tion, which in 1860 nominated him for pres- ident. Davis, Edwin Hamilton, M.D. (Cin. Coll. 1837), physician and archseologist, b. Ross Co., O., Jan. 22, 1811. Ken. Coll. 1833. He explored the mounds of the Scioto Valley, and read a paper on that subject before the Philomathesian Society, subsequently enlarged and delivered at the coll. commencement of 1833. The suggestions of Daniel Webster, then making a tour in the West, stimulated him to continue these researches; and the re- sults of 15 years' diligent study and exploration are embodied in " The Monuments of the Mis- sissippi Valley," vol. i. of the " Smithsoniaa Contributions to Knowledge." He practised his prof in Chillicothe until 1850, when, on the establishment of the N Y. Med. Coll., he was called to the chair of materia raedica and therapeutics, which he still holds. He has been a contrib. to scientilicand medical journals, besides being lor a ii;a ■ it ihu conductors of the^mer/or, '/ M ; In the spring of 1854, he d. 1,. i , , of lectures on archfeology iKfnr. il,. I.< a ii Institute, Boston. Author of " Report uii the Statistics of Cal- culous Diseases in Ohio," 8vo, 1850. Davis, Emerson, D.D. (H.U. 1847), Cong, clergyman and author, b. Ware, Ms., July 15, 1798 ; d. Westfield, Ms., June 8, 1866. Wms. Coll. 1821. He was preceptor of the Westfield acad. one year ; tutor in the coll. one year ; resumed his preceptorship, and June 1, 1836, was settled over the First Church in Westfield. He was active in the cause of edu- cation ; was vice-pres. of Wms. Coll. 1861-8. In 1852, he pub. " The Half-Century," a work of great research, reprinted in Great Britain; " The Teacher Taught," Bost., 1839 ; " Hist. Sketch of Westfield," 1826. He also pub. 253 sermons, addresses, and essays. He left 5 MS. vols, of biographies of Trinit. Cong, clergy- men, now in the Cong. Library, Boston. Davis, Garret, lawyer and senator, b. Mount Stirling, Ky., Sept 10, 1801. He re- ceived a classical education ; was employed as a writer in the County and Circuit Courts of his dist. ; was adm. to the bar in 1823, and at- tained distinction and a lucrative practice. Member of the State legisl. in 1833-6; of the State Const. Conv. in 1839; M.C. 1839-47; and a Democ. U.S. senator since 1861. He was an intimate personal and political friend of Henry Clay, was a leader in the Whig party, and was very active in preventing the secession ^of his State in 1861. Davis, Hexrt, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1810), an minent Presh. divine, b. East Hampton, NY., Sept, IS, 1771 ; d. Clinton, N.Y., March 8, Y. C. 1796. His ancestors were from Kidderminster, -Eng. He was tutor at Wms. and at Yale Colls. 7 years, studied theology, and soon became known as a preacher of great ability and eloquence. Prof, of Greek at Un. Coll., from 1806 to 1809 ; pres. of Middl. Coll., Vt., from Dec. 1809 to July, 1817, when he be- came pres. of Ham. Coll., N.Y., which office he resigned in April, 1833. Dr. Davis was active in establishing the Theol. Sem. at Au- burn, N.Y., and in behalf of foreign missions. He pub. an inaugural oration at Middlebury, Feb. 21, 1810, a number of sermons and ad- dresses, and a narrative of the embarrassments and decline of Ham. Coll., April, 1833. — Sprarjue. Davis, Henry Winter, LL.D., states- man, b. Annapolis, Md., Aug. 16, 1817; d. Baltimore, Dec. 30, 1865. Ken. Coll. 1837. Son of an Episc. clergyman, and prof, in St. John's Coll., Annapolis; studied law; was adm'. to the bar at Alexandria, Va., and rapidly rose to distinction. Removing to Baltimore in 185U, he attained celebrity by his defence of Dr. Johns, in the Episc. convention, against the accusation of Bishop Whitlingham. M.C. in 1838-61 and 1863-5, serving on the commit- tee of ways and means. In 1859, he voted for Pennington, the Repub. candidate for speaker, drawing down upon himself a storm of abuse. Though representing a border slave-State dur- ing the Rebellion, he was conspicuous in Con- gress for his uncompromising radicalism, his early advocacy of emancipation, and of arming the negroes. He made a great speech in the summer of 1865, at Chicago, in fiivor of negro suffrage. In the 38th Congress, he served with disting. ability as chairman of the com. of foreign affairs. He pub. in 1852 " The War of Ormuzd and Ahriman in the 19th Centu- ry." Feb. 22, 1866, a eulogy was pronounced upon him by Senator Creswell, by order of the house. His speeches were pub. by Cress- well, 8vp, 1867. Davis, Jefferson, soldier and statesman, b. Christian Co., Ky , 3 June, 1803. He stud- ied at Transylv.Coll., grad. West Point, 1828 ; served as a licut. of inf. in the Black Hawk war, 1831-2; 1st lieut. of dragoons against the Pawnees and other Indian tribes in 183.3- 5 ; resigned, and became a cotton-planter in Mpi. A Democ. M. C. in 1845-6, and con- spicuous in the discussions on the tariff, Ore- gon, and the Mexican war ; col. of the Mpi. Rifles, and prominent at Monterey and Buena Vista, and highly commended by Gen. Taylor in his official despatch ; U.S. senator in 1847- 51, and in 1857-Jan. 1861; candidate for gov. of Mpi. in 1851, defeated byH. S. Foote, Union candidate; sec. of war in Mr. Pierce's cabinet, 1853-7; prominent in the secession movement of 1860-1 ; chosen pres. of the provisional govt., formed by the secessionists, 4 Feb. 1861 ; elec. pres. ibr6 years of the Con- federate States, in Nov. 1861, and inaug. 22 Feb. 1862; taken prisoner at Irwinville in Southern Ga., 10 May, 1865 ; conliued 2 years in Fortress Monroe, and then released on bail ; included in the gen. amnesty of 25 Dec. 1868. He m. a dau. of Pres. Taylor. In the senate, he was a prominent advocate of slavery, of State rights, and of a southern route for the Pacific Railroad, and a conspicuous opponent of the French Spoliation Bill. As sec. of war, he was popular with the army. Among his measures were the revision of the army regula- tions, the introduction of the light infantry or rifle-system of tactics, the manuf. of rifled arms, the increase of the army, and scientific explorations of the West for determining the best route for the Pacific Railroad. As a speak- er, he is fluent, earnest, vigorous, and terse. Davis, Jefferson C. brev. maj.-gen. U. S. A., b. Clarke Co., Ind., March 2, 1828. His ancestors were noted in the Indian wars of Ky. ; William his grandfather having been in the battle at River Raisin. Leaving tlie Clarke Co. Sem. on the breaking-out of the Mexican war, he joined Col. J. H. Lane's regt., partici- pated in the battle of Buena Vista and in the entire Mexican campaign, and, for gallant con- duct, was made 2d lieut. 1st U.S. Art., June 17, 1848; became 1st lieut. in 1852; took charge of the first garrison placed in Fort Sumter in Aug. 1858, and was there during the bombard- ment in April, 1861 ; capt. May 14, 1861 ; col. 22d Ind. vols. He was given a brigade by Gen. Fremont, with whom he served in Mo. He also com. a brigade under Gens. Hunter and Pope. For his conduct at Milford, in Central Mo., where he captured a superior force with a large quantity of military supplies, he was made brig.-gen. Dec. 18, 1861, and at the battle of Pea Ridge com. one of the four divisions of Gen. Curtis's army. His division fought, March 7, the battle of Leetown, one of the most sanguinary and decisive of the war. The next day. Col. Davis stormed and carried the heights of Elkhorn, capturing five cannon, and deciding the battle of Pea Ridge against the rebels. He was then transferred to Gen. Halleck's army at Corinth, and after its evacuation was given a division in the army of the Tenn. Sept. 29, meeting Gen. Nelson at a hotel in Louisville, an affray ensued, in which Nelson was killed. After being a short time under arrest, he was restored to duty, and or- dered to Covington. He led his old division, 20th army corps, in the thickest of the fight at Stone River, holding the centre of the right wing, and, for good conduct on that occasion, was strongly recommended by Rosecrans to a maj.-genship. He was in the battle of Chick- d. /Jvjrtr 254 amauga; in the Atlanta campaign, and com. the 1 4th corps in Sherman's march through Georgia and in North Carolina. Col. 23d Inf., Julv 28, 1866 ; brev. maj.-gen. U. S. A., March 13, '1865. Davis, John, an eminent English mariner, b. Sandridge, Devonshire; d. Dec. 1605. He went to sea when young, and acquired so much reputation in his profession as to be intrusted in 1585 with the com. of an exped. for the discovery of a nortli-wcst passage to the East Indies, in tliisvovagc, lie discovered the straits in theArctic Sea leadiri- to B.iffin'sI5ay. which still bear his name. D.ivi^ twni muro visited the polar regions, and in l.i'.U wm with Cav- endish in his second uiiloriuiiat.- i \|H.liiion to the South Sea. He llicri iiiadc 5 vuyiiges to the E.Indies as a pilot; iind during tlic last of these, while serving under Sir Edmund Mi- chelbourne, he was killed in an engagement with some Japanese off the coast of Malacca. He wrote accounts of some of his voyages, a treatise entitled " The World's Hydrographical Description," and the " Seaman's Secrets," 1595 ; and he is said to have invented a quad- rant for taking the sun's altitude at sea, which preceded the use of Hadley's sextant. Davis, John, LL.D. (H. U. 1842), jurist, b. Plymouth, Ms., Jan. 25, 1761 ; d. Boston, Jan. 14, 1847. H. U. 1781. He taught for a time in the family of Gen. Joseph Otis of Barnstable ; studied law, and began practice in Plymouth in 1786. He was some years in the Ms. legisl. ; was the youngest member and last survivor of the convention to adopt the U.S. Constitution ; member of the State senate, 1795; comptroller U.S. treasury, 1795; dist.- atty. for Ms., 1796, and U.S. dist.'judge for Ms., from 1801 till his death. Delegate to the State Const. Conv. of 1820. Judge Davis was one of the most profound antiquarians of N.E. His notes to " Morton's Memorial " are a monument to his learning. He was a member of many learned societies, and pres. of the Ms. Mist. Soc. from 1818 to 1843. He pub. an address before the Ms. Charitable Society, 1799; a eulogy on Washington ; " The Inscriptions on Digliton Rock;" an address on comets, and another, 22 Dec. 1813, in commem. of the landing of the I'ilgriins, before the Ms. Hist. Davis, JoHX, LL.D. (H. U. 1834), states- man, b. Northborough, Ms., Jan. 13, 1787 ; d. Worcester, April 19, 1854. Y. Coll. 1812. Adm. to the bar of Worcester Co. in 1815, and settled at Worcester, where he became an emi- nent lawyer and politician. M. C. from 1825 to 1 833, and disting. himself in questions of a financial and commercial character. Gov. of Ms., 1833-5 and 1840-1 ; U.S. senator from 1835 to 1841 and from 1845 to 1853. In Con- gress, he was an advocate for protection to American industry ; and his speeches in reply to McDuffie, Cambrelling, and others, were re- garded as the best statements and defences of the protective theories. He was a consistent opponent of Jackson's administration and that of Van Buren, and contributed, in a short speech against the sub-treasury in 1840, the most efficient electioneering pamphlet for the canvass of that year ; more than a million copies having been distributed. He opposed in the senate the Mexican war ; supported the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ; and, in the great controversy wliich followed .is to the disposi- tion to be made of ilu- U.S. Territories, he was decided and earnest in hiMn- of (x< hiding sla- very from them. Ik- Mi|i|-M)i, >| ihf Wilniot Proviso, and was oiu- ol lue uio-i ^liiidcd oppo- nents of the compromise acts ol 1850. No public man ever enjoyed more fully than Mr. Davis the confidence of the people; and he was popularly known as "Honest John Davis." — iSee Memoir, in Aiiier. Aniiq. Soc, Trans. V. 3. Davis, John A. G., law prof, at Wm. and Mary Coll. from 1830 to 14 Nov. 1840, when he d. from a pistol-shot fired bv a disguised student; b. Middlesex Co., ya.,"lsoi. Wm. and Mary Coll. He piacti . .1 l.uv ;ii .Ml.cniarlo Co., and for some yr.iis |hiIl a wirkly journal at Charlottesville. Autlioiol'a ", Manual lor Justices of the Peace," 1838 ; a tract on " Es- tates Tail," &c., and one on "Protection of Domestic Manufactures." Davis, John W., politician, b. Cumberland Co., Pa., 1799; d. at CMj-lr, \„.\.. .\n-. 22, 1859. After compl- - ._ 'i i:i at Baltimore, he emiL,'iai .1 , , ; miI in the legisl. ; was s|nMk.i oi lii.' !.,«. r in mrli ; and was a commissioner to treat Willi tlic In- dians; M. C. in 1835-7, 18.:i9-41, 1843-7, and speaker during his last term. He was in 1848 app. commissioner to China; was gov. of Ore- gon Terr, in 1853-t, and was pres of the Balti- more convention in 1852. Davis, Matthew L., author, b. 1766; d. Manhattanville, June 21, 1850. A printer by trade. He became an active politician, and a fre- quent contrib. to the public journals. He early attached himself in politics to the fortunes of Aaron Burr, and advocated his elevation to the presidency. For many years before Burr's death, Mr. Davis was apparently his only at- tached friend. Sept. 15, 1797, he was asso- /^ ^_^ ciated with Freneau in the publication of the f/^t^Z^ Timepiece and Literary Companion in N. York, ,') t discontinued Aug. 30, 1798. He was the Wash- '■'^*^ ^ ington correspondent of the A''. Y. Courier and Jt^^z-yic, Inquirer, under the.signature of " The Spy in / *y Washington," and was also a contrib. to the ,, .J^ London Times over the nom de plume of the (_^/tk^t^ " Genevese Traveller." Author of " Memoirs/, , V >= of Aaron Burr," 2 vols., 8vo, and edited his^^, Q, Diary. ' ' ' .n Davis, Richard Bingham, poet; d. at /»' the residence of his father in New aiunswick, in 1799, a. 28. He edited the Diari/ in 1796. His poems, with a sketch of his life, by John T. Irving, were pub. 1807. Davis, Sylvanus, an early settler and sol- dier of Maine; d. Boston, 1704. He bought land of the Indians at Damnriscotta, June, 1659 ; resided some time at Shecpscott ; was severely wounded while makiiig his escape from Fort Arowsic; captured by Indians in Aug. 1676 ; accomp. Maj. Waldron's exped. early in 1677 ; resided in Falmouth, where he owned land, in 1 680 ; com Fort Loyal, Falmouth, and was obliged to surrender it" to the French and Indians, iSIay 20, 1690, after 5 days' defence; carried priso'ner to Quebec, and exchanged 4 months after, and was a counsellor in 1691-2. E^Y His account of the conduct of the war is in 3 Ms. Hist. Colls., i., 101. Dawes, IliiNRY Laceens, statesman, b. Ciunming[uii, Ms., Oct. 30, 1816. Y.C. 1839. A lawyer by profession. He taught school, and edited the Orceiijield Gazette, Adm. to the bar in 1842, and settled at N. Adams, where he edited the Transcript. Member of the Ms. legisl. in 18-13-D and 1852; of the State sen- ate, 1850, and of the State Const. Conv. of 1853 ; dist-atty. for the western dist. of Ms., 1853-7 ; M. C. since 1857, and one of the most useful men in that body. Chairman of the coin, of ways and means. Dawes', IIufus, poet, b. Boston, Jan. 26, 1803; d. Washington, D.C., Nov. 30, 1859. Son of Judge Tliomas Dawes. He entered H. U. in 1820, but did not graduate Studied law with Wm. Sullivan, and was adn'ittcd to the bar, Ijut never [iractised. A contrio. to the U. S. L : III- '< . :iihl conducted, for a time, the Ji..i , I i il printed at Baltimore. Hepu. :, : i.i' Valley of the Nasha- wav, ami ii.iii- l\iiii^;" in IS'i'J, " Geral- dine, Atlieiii.iof Da.iiaM-i.-,M:i I M,-,. i:,nirous Poems," and "Nix's .M.ir i • n mco, 1840. He was a Sum I I tVe- quently officiated in the pill; !i >; !,;ii(| nomi- nation. He had latterly been employed in one of the depts. at Washington. Dawes, Col. Thomas, Revol. patriot and architect, b. Boston, Aug. 5, 1731 ; d. Jan. 2, 1809. A mechanic. He received only a com- mon-school education, but took a deep interest in the controversy with Great Britain ; was col. of the Boston rest, in 1773-8; and was several hum , a m. ml,, i- uf the house and sen- ate, aiM : a-. He often presided at town-ill I ; I'm, and managed them withgivai ;a, : M ■ iiilier of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. Dawes, Thomas, jurist, b. Boston, July 8, 1753; d. July 22, 1825. H. U. 1777. Son of Col. Thomas. He was a zealous Whig, and an eminent counsellor. Member of the State Const. Convs. of 1780 and 1820, and of that which adopted the Federal Constitution in 1789. Judge Supreme Court, 1792-1803, Mu- . nicipal Court, 1803-23, and judge of Probate until his death. Member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. His literary productions were highly popular, and his witticisms were pro- verbial. He pub. an oration, July 4, 1787; "The Law Given on Mount Sinai," a poem, 1777, and an oration on the Boston Massacre. Dawson, Hknry Barton, historian, b. Gosberton, near Boston, Eng., June 8, 1821. He came with his parents to N. Y. in 1834; pursued various avocations until 1845, when he pub. the Crystal Fount, a temperance news- paper, discont. in 1847. He has pub. "The Park and its Vicinity," for the manual of the Common Council of N. Y., 1855; "The Life and Times of Anne Hutchinson," for the Bap- tist Hist. Soc. ; " The Retreats through West- chester Co. in 1776," for the N. Y. Hist. Soc; " The Battles of the U. S. by Sea and Land," 1858 ; " The Fcederalist," with a hist, and bib- liog. introduction, 1863; "The Assault of Stony Point by Gen. Anthony Wayne," 1853; " Current Fictions tested by Uncurreut Jacts ; " " Diary of David How," a soldier of the Revol., 1865; " Dring's Recollections of the Jersey Prison-Ship," 1865. From May 6, 1855, to Mar. 31, 1866, he edited the Gazette, a week- ly Democ. newspaper at Yonkers, N.Y. Four vols, of selections from this paper have been pub. He has edited the Historical Maqazine since July 1, 1866. His " Battles of the U. S." brought on a controversy upon the merits of Gen. Israel Putnam, between himself and Messrs. Griswold and Deming of Hartford, in the Daihi Post of that city. Dawson, John, statesman, b. Va., 1762; d. Washington, Apr. 1, 1814. H. U. 1782. Member of the convention of 1789, also of the gen. assembly and exec, council of Va. ; M. C. from the Fredeiicksburg dist. from 1797 to 1814 ; bearer of despatches to France in 1801, and vol. aide t) Gen. Jackson in 1813. Dawson, John L., democ. politician, b. Uniontown, Pa., 7 Feb. 1813 ; d. there 18 Sept. 1870. Wash. Coll. He practised law; was app. dist.-attv. for Western Pa. in 1845 ; M.C. in 1851-5 and 1863-7, and was a delegate to the Democ. nat. conventions of 1844, '48, '56, and '60. App. gov of Kansas in 1855, but declined. Author of the Homestead Bill of 1854. Dawson, J. W., educator, and man of sci- ence, b. Pictou, N.S., Oct. 1820. Edinb. U. 1840. Returning to Nova Scotia in 1841, he travelled with Sir Charles Lyell, under whose direction he madeexplorations in that province, and described its geology in the " Proceedings of the Geological Soc. of London." Ho lec- tured on botany and geology in the Acad, of Pictou and in the DaUiousie Coll. ; pub. some educational works, and from 1850 to 18.'>3 was supt. of instruction for N. S. In 1855, he was app. principal of McGiU Coll. Member of many scientific associations ; has pub. numer- ous papers in their " Transactions ; " also a " Handbook of the Geography and Nat. Hist, of Nova Scotia," 1848; "Hints to the Farmers of N. S.," 1853; "Acadian Geology," 1855, and " Archaia," 1859. — Morgan. Dawson, William C, lawyer and senator, b. Greene Co., Ga., Jan. 4, 1793; d. Greens- borougli, Ga., May 5, 1856. Franklin Coll. 1816, Adm. to the bar, he settleil at Greens- borough in 1818, where he was eminently suc- cessful as a jury lawyer. lie was for 12 years clerk of the H. of representatives of Ga., and several times senator and representative in the legisl; M. C. 1837-42; app. in 1845 judge of Oekraulgee Circuit ; and from 1849 to 1855 he was a U. S. senator, serving on important comntittees, and speaking on many questions of national interest, and commanded a wide influence. During the Creek and, Seminole war in 1836, he raised a vol. company for special service. In the house, he was chairman of the military com., and also of the com. on claims. He pub. "Laws of Georgia," 4to, 1831. — Lan- man. Day, Henry Noble, prof, of rhetoric. West. Kes. Coll., 1840, b. Ct., 1808. Y. C. 1828. Author of " Art of Elocution," " Art •of Rhetoric," 12mo, 1850; "Art of Eng. Composition,"" Elements of Logic," and "la- trod, .to Eng. Literature." DAY 256 Day, Jeremiah, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1818), LL.D. (n^ms. and Mid. Colls., 1817), educa- tor, b. Washington, Ct., Aug. 3, 1773 ; d. N. Haven, Aug. 22, 1867. Y. C. 1795. Son of Rev. Jeremiah Day. Snccccded Dr. Dwight as teacher of hisschoolin Greenfield ; was a tutor in Williams Coll. in 1796-8; tutor at Yale in 1798-1801 ; prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. at Yale in 1801-17; pres. of that col- lege in 1817-46. While a prof, he pub. some mathematical treatises, which have been ex- tensively used, especially that on algebra. He pub. a treatise on the " Self-determining Power of the Will," 1838 ; " An Examination of Ed- wards on the Will," " Course of Mathematics," 8vo, N.Y., 1831 ; " Navigation and Surveying," Svo, N. Haven, 1817 ; occasional sermons, and contrib. papers to the Journal of Science, and the New-Enylander. — See Com. Address, by Pres. Woolseij, in New-Enilander, Oct. 1867. Day, John, an eccentric individual, b. Eng. ; d. N.Y. in 1820, a. 103. In early life, he served in the British navy, and attained the rank of lieut. ; but, having killed in a duel a successful rival, he quitted the navy, and took refuge in Amer. Entering the army when the Eevol. war broke out, heserved as a private until its close, resuming again the servile and menial pursuits he had occupied himself in before the war. For more than 20 years after his arrival here, he never was known to speak to a female, and had little intercourse with males. His habits were temperate, his appearance slovenly, his beard long, and he never looked clean. His property, amounting to many thousand dollars, he bestowed upon an excellent and rep- utable lady, who had been benevolent to him during his illness. In tlie low occupation of carrying the baskets of huckster-women from cellars to stalls, with the pitiful pittance of sixpence for the drudgery, he amassed thou- sands. —^nn. Obit., 1821. Day, IUhlon, publisher and philanthro- pist, b. Morristown, N.J., 27 Aug. 1790; d. 27 Sept. 1854, by the wreck of the steamship " Arctic," together with his wife and dau. Member of the society of Friends. Acquired wealth as a publisher, and, for 15 years before his dealh, had devoted his life to charitable and educational objects. Day, Martha, b. N. Haven, Feb. 13, 1813 ; d. there Dec. 2, 1833. Dau. of pres. Day. She attained great proficiency in mathematics and the languages, and wrote poetry of merit. Her "Literary Remains," with memorials of her life and character, was pub., by Prof Kingsley, N. Hiiven, in 1834. — AUibone. Daye, Stephen, the first printer in the English-Amcr. Colonies, b. Lond., 1611 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., Dec. 22, 1668. A supposed descendant of John Daye, an eminent printer of Lond. (1560-83), and served his apprentice- ship in that city. He came over in 1638, and was employed to superintend the press sent here by the Rev. Mr. Glover. Daye, by the direc- tion of the magistrate and "elders, set up a press, and prepared other parts of the ap])a- ratus for printing at Cambridge in March, 1639. His first work was " The Freeman's Oath," next an " Almanack," calculated for N. E., by Mr. Pierce, mariner ; the third was " The Psalms," in metre, crown Svo, 300 pages. His extant works do little credit to his skill. The printing-house was taken from him ab. 1648, and put in the hands of Samuel Green, who empl. him as journeyman. Day, Thomas, an English author and philanthropist, b. Lond., 22 June, 1748 ; killed by a kick from a horse, 28 Sept. 1789. In- heriting a fortune, he studied, but never prac- tised, law. In 1 777, he m. Miss Milnes. Took an active part in the public meetings of the time, and was an eloquent advocate of Amer. Independence, also expressing his sympathy for the cause, by two poems, " The Devoted Le- gions," and the " Desolation of Aracr.," 1777, and " Reflections upon the Present State of Eng. and the Indep. of Amer." by a pamph. He selected two young girls from a found- ling-hospital, with the intention of educating them rationally, on the principles of Rousseau, and making one of them his wife ; but the experiment did not succeed. One of his pro- tegees, however, did honor to his efforts, and m. his friend Bicknell. His most popular work is " Sandford and Merton," 1783. Day, Thomas, LL.D. (Y.C. 1847), jurist, b. New Preston, Ct., Julv 6, 1777; d. Hart- ford, March 1, 1855. Y.C. 1797. Son of Rev. Jeremiah Day, and bro. of Pres. Day. A tutor in Williams Coll. in 1798; studied law, and commenced practice in 1799, in Hartford. In 1809, he was app. assist, sec. of the State of Ct. ; in 1810, see., — an office which he held until May, 1835; in May, 1815, assoc. judge of the County Court of Hartford, and annually thereafter, with the exception of one year, un- til May, 182.5, when he was made chief-judge of that court, and was continued in that office until June, 183-3. He was a judge of the City Court of Hartford from 1818 to 1831 ; was one of the committee to prepare the statutes of 1808 and also of 1821 and 1824. He report- ed the decisions of the Court of Errors from 1805 till 1853, pub. in 20 vols. He was an original member of the Ct. Hist. Soc, of which he was pres. from 1839 until his death. He was first pres. of the Wadswortli Athenie- um,'and a liberal contrib. to its funds. He pub. a " Digest of Reports of Sup. Court of Errors, from 1786 to 1829." — Litchfield Biog- raphies. Dayton, Elias, Revol. officer, b. Eliza- bcthtown, N.J., 1735 ; d. there July, 1807. He fought in Edward Hart's "Jersey Blues," un der Wolfe, at Quebec ; was one of the com. ol safety at the opening of the Revol., and in July, 1775, com. a party which captured a British transport off Elizabethtown. App. col. 3d N.J. regt. ; served in N.Y. and N.J ; was in the battles of Brandy wine, Germantown, Mon- mouth, Springfield, and siege of Yorktown ; aided in suppressing the mutiny of the N.J. line in Jan. 1781, and was made brig.-gen. 7 Jan. 1783. After the war, he was maj.-gen. of militia, member Cont. Congress, 1787-8, and often in the State Icgisl. Dayton, Jonathan, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1798), statesman, son of the preceding, b. Elizabethtown, N.J., Oct. 16, 1760; d. there Oct. 9, 1824. N.J. Coll. 1776. App. paymas- ter of his father's regt. Aug. 26, 1776 ; held sev- r>A.Y 257 eral commissions at difTerent periods of the war; was in many engagements, and at York- town liad a com. under Lafayette, and aided in storming one of the British redouhts. He was a member of the N.J. legisl.; member of the convention which framed the Federal Con- stitution, 1787; speaker of the house in 1790; M.C. 1791-9 ; ."iiK-Mker iti 179.5-9, and U.S. senatoi-. I ri' -l '-'i' I !<■ iiltrnv:inl served sev- eral term II I iir lie was arrest- ed for al II, ,111 IJnii',, conspiracy, but was iKii |,r,i.,v,l,,i ;i_:;a,nst. Dayton, William Lkwis, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1857), statesman, nephew of Jonathan, b. Baskingri.lge, N.J., Feb. 17, 1807; d. Paris, Dec. 1, 1S64. N.J. Coll. 18i5. Adm. to the bar in 1830 ; memlicr of the State senate, and chairman of the judiciary com. in 1837 ; judge of the Superior Court from Feb. 28, 1838, to Nov, 1841 ; U.S. senator, I8+2-.51 ; attv.-gen. of N.J , ls,-,7-r,l ; iniiuslci- tn France, 1861-4. In Ihc Miiair .l,,|iai,,, en ilicMiivmin question, the tantr, aiiu, \ umh i.rr,x,is, and the Mex- ican war, lie took the position of a Freesoil Whig. lie maintained to the fullest extent the liglit of Congress to legislate with respect to slavery in the Territories; opposed the com- promises of 18.J0 ; advocated the admission of California as a free State, the abolition of the slave-trade in the Dist. of Columbia, and was liarticularly hostile to the fugitive-slave law. He was the Freesoil candidate lor the vice-pres- idency in 1856, and was a man of high integ- rity, and an eloquent debater. Dean, Amos, LL.D., jurist, b. Barnard, Vt., Jan. 16, 1803 ; d. Albany, Jan. 26, 1868. Un. Coll. 1822. Descended from Walter of Taunton. He studied law, and, on being adm. to the bar, soon attained a high reputation for his profound legal attainments. In 1833, he projected the Yount; Men's Assoc, of Albany, before which he delivered an interesting course of lectures in 1844. He prepared numerous law treatises, all of whit h have been recognized as standard works. In 1851, at the organiz.a- tion of the law school, he was app. a prof., and had filled the chair of mcd. jurisprudence in the Albany Med. School, from its organization in 1839. Authorof" Medical Jurisprudence," 1854; "Lectures on Phrenology," 8vo, 1835; " Manual of Law," 8vo, 1838, and "Philosophy of Human Life," 8vo, 1839. His " History of Civilization," 7 vols , 8vo, has been pub. since his death. Deane, Charles, an historical student, b. at Biddelord, Me., Nov. 10, 1813; son of Dr. Ezra, descendant of Walter, one of the first set- tlers of Taunton, Ms. Was many years a merchant of Boston, and latterly a resident of Cambridge. Mr. Deane is a member of the principal liistorical societies of the U.S., of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, and the Amer- ican Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1856, he received the hon. degree of A.M. from H. U., and in 1871 that of LL.D. from Bowd. Among his i)ublications are " Some Notices of Samuel (iorton," 1850 ; " First Plymouth Pa- tent," 1854; "Bibliog. of Gov. Hntchinson's Publications," 1857; " Wingfield's Discourse ■ of Virginia," 1860; " Letters of Phillis Wheat- ley," 1864; Smith's "True Relation," 1866; " Remarks on Sebastian Cabot's Mappe Monde," 1867; "Memoir of George Liver- more," 1869 ; " The Forms in issuing Letters- Patent by the Crown of England," 1870. Sev- eral of these (and others not here enumerated) originally appeared in the publications of the Ms. Hist. Soc, others in the Archseologia Americana. Mr. Deane edited Gov. Bradford's "History of Plymontli Plantation," 1856, and Bradford's " Dialogue, or Third Conference," between old incn ami young men, 1870; and several vols, of Colls, and Proceedings of the Ms. Hist. Soc., of which body he is the rec. sec. Deane, James, missionary to the Indians, b. Groton, Ct., Aug. 20, 1748; d. Westmore- land, N.Y., Sept. 10, 1823. Dartm. Coll. 1773. Descended from James of Stonington. From the age of 12, he was with Rev. E. Slosely, missionary to the Oneidas, and mas- tered their language. In 1773-4, he was a missionary to the Caghnawaga and the St. Francis tribes ; was afterward employed by Congress to conciliate the northern tribes, and, at the beginning of the Rcvol, war, was made Indian agent and interpreter, with rank of ma- jor, at Fort Stanwix, N.Y. Made prisoner by the Indians, who were about to kill him, his life was saved by the interposition of some squaws. Many years a judge of Oneida Co., and twice a member of the N.Y. assembly. He wrote an essay on Indian mythology, supposed to be lost. Dean, James, LL.D. (U. of Vt. 1847,) educator, b. Windsor, Nov. 26, 177G; d. Bur- lington, Vt., Jan. 20, 1849. Dartm. Coll. 1800. Descended from James of Stonington. Tutor in the U. of Vt. in 1807-9, and prof, of mathematics and natural philosophy there from 1809 to 1814, and from 1821 to 1824. He pub. a " Gazetteer of Vermont," 1808; "Ad- dress " on his induction as prof., Apr. 24, laiO. — Alumni Dartm. Cull. Deane, James, M.D., jihvsician and natu- ralist, b. Coleraine, Ms., Feb. 24, 1801; d. Greenfield, Ms., June 8, 1 858. Desct^nded from James, an early settler of Stonington. He spent his earlylife upon his father's (arm, stud- ied law in Greenfield, afterwards studied med- icine, received thedegree of M.D. in 1831, and practised in Greenfield. In 1835, he made public his discovery of the fossil footprints in the red sandstone of the Ct. Valley. At the time of his death, he was about publishing an elegantly illustrated work upon the subject, the result of 24 years' investigation and labor, since issued by the Smithsonian Inst. He was a fre- tiuent contrib. to Sillimmi's.foumal, the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, and was the au- thor of a paper on the " Hygienic Condition of the Survivors of Ovariotomy," in which he established the morality of the operation. Member of the Natural History Societies of Montreal and Boston. Deane, John, d. at Wilford, Nottingham- shire, Eng., Aug. 19, 1761, a. 82. He was ship- wrecked in "The Nottingham Galley," of which he was m.aster, Dec. 11, 1710, on Boon Island, N.E., and spent 24 days on that desert island, the crew being obligeit to eat one of their com- rades who had died. He pub. a narrative of the 258 DEA shipwreck at Boston in 1711, appended to a sermon by Cotton Mather. The same year, a counter-statement was pub.at Lond. by his mate Christopher Langman and two others. The 5tli ed. of the narrative was pub. at Boston in 1762. From 1714 to 1720, he com. a ship-of- war in the service of Peter tlie Great of Rus- sia; but he fell into disgrace, and was exiled to Kasan, where he was favored with the protec- tion of Count Apraxan. He was afterwards for many years, and until 1750, the English consul at Ostend. He is supposed to be the person of his name who was the author of " A Letter from Moscow to the Marquis Caermar- then, relating to the Czar of Muscovy's For- wardness in his Xavy since his return Home," pub. at Lond. in 1099. Dean, Johs Ward, antiquarian, b. Wis- casset. Me., Mar. 13, 1815. Descended from Thomas of Boston, 1692. Previous to 1835, he lived some time in Portland; fiom 1839 to 1843, in Providence; and since then in and near Boston. He has filled several offices in the N.E. Hist. Geneal. Society, to whcse " Reg- ister" he has made many valuable contribu- tions, and of which he has been an editor. He is now pres. of the Prince Society, and rec. sec. of the Amcr. Statist. Assoc. Having a very retentive memory, great industry, and an ardent thirst for knowledge, he has, while fol- lowing a laborious calling, acquired an amount of historical information such as few men pos- sess. His accuracy is remarkable ; and he is ever ready to communicate to others the in- formation derived from his diligent research- es. The honorary degree of A.M. was con- ferred upon him in 1869 by Dart Coll. He edited the first and a portion of the second vols, of the first series, and one number of the fourth volume of the secoud series, of the His- torical Magazine. Author of " Memoir of Rev. Nath. Ward," with notices of his family, 8vo, 1868; and "Memoir of Rev. Michael Wigglesworth,"8vo, 1871. He has also pub. a number of hist., biog., and genealogical pam- phlets. Dean, J0LIA, actress, b. Pleasant Valley, N.Y., July 22, 1830 ; d. N.Y. City, March 6, 1868. Grand-dau. of Samuel Drake, oneof the pioneers of the drama in the West. Her father, Edwin Dean, an actor of repute, was the manager of the Eagle-st. Theatre, Buffalo. Her mother, Julia Drake, was an actress of celebrity. Her first part was Lady Ellen, in "The Lady of the Lake,"in her father's theatre. She gained her first success at the opening of the new theatre in Louisville. She appeared at the Bowery Theatre, N.Y., May 18, 1846, as Julia, in "The Hunchback," and achieved popu- larity ill this part, in " Pauline," "Juliet," and " Mai-ianna." Her beauty and talent won for her a wide reputation through the West and South. She also performed on the English stage. She m. Arthur, son of Robert Y. Hayne, Jan. 20, 1855; was divorced in Sept. 1866, and then ra. Mr. Cooper of N.Y. After an absence of 12 years, she re-appeared in N.Y. in July, 1867, and took leave of the stage there in Oct. Dean, Rev. Paul, b. Barnard, Vt. ; d. Framingham, Ms., Oct. 1, 1860, a. 71. De- scended from Walter of Taunton. Installed over the Hanovcr-st. Church from 1813 to 1823, and over the Bulfinch-st. Church from May 17, 1823, to May 3, 1840. This society was" called " Restorationists," and in 1838 changed the corporate name, and has since been Unitarian. He was afterward settled over a Unit. Church at Easton, Ms. He pub. " Lectures on Final Restoration," 1832, " Elec- tion Sermon," 1832, and numerous Masonic and other occasional addresses and sermons. Deane, SAnnEL, D.D. (B. U. 1790), poet, and pastor at Falmouth (now Portland), Me., from 17 Oct. 1764 to his d., 12 Nov. 1814; b. Dedham, Ms., 30 Julv, 1733. H. U. 1760. Librarian at H. U. 1760-2, and tutor in 1763. One of the 6 prizes awarded by H. U. for com- positions on the death of George II. and the accession of George III. was awarded to him, he having written the liest English ode. These compositions, and others from persons excluded by the terms of the offer from competition for the prizes, were printed in 1761, under the title of Pidas et GnUiilalio. &.C. Author also of other poems, the longest of which was " Pitchwood Hill," ; Georgical Dictionary, or N. E. Farmer, 1790; oration, July 4, 1793; election sermon 1794, discourses, &c. — See Geneal. Reg. ili. 385. Deane, Rev. Samuel, historian and poet, b. Mansfield, Ms., March 30, 1784 ; d. Aug. 9, 1834. Descended from John, one of the first settlers of Taunton. B. U. 18U5. He was settled in 1810 over the second church at Scit- uate, Ms., of which he was pastor 24 years. His " History of Scituate," pub. in 1831, shows evidence of much research and ability, and was one of the earliest to give a conspicuous place to genealogy. Mr. Deane was well versed in the colonial history of Plymouth and Ms. His "Populous Village," a poem, was printed in 1826. He pub. a number of sermons, and wrote many short poems ; but no collection of his works has appeared. Deane, Silas, diplomatist, b. Groton, Ct., Dec. 24, 1737 ; d. Deal, Eng., Aug. 23, 1789. Y. C. 1 758. He settled as a merchant in Weth- ersfield, Ct., and was a delegate to the first Congress in 1774. In 1775, he was employed by the JIarine committee to procure and to equip and fit out a large naval force. In June, 1776, he arrived in France with a commission from the comtnittee of secret corresp., as polit- ical and commercial agent, authorizing hira not only to operate in France, but in Hol- land and Great Britain, and to procure cloth- ing, arms, military accoutrements, and muni- tions of war, sufficient for 25,000 men, and 100 field-pieces. Sept. 26, 1776, he w.as chosen by Congress, in conjunction with Franklin and Jefferson, ambassador to France. Franklin, Deane, and Arthur Lee (app. in place of Jef- ferson, who declined succeeded in negotia- ting treaties with France, which were signed at Paris, Feb. 6, 1778. To Deane is undoubted- ly due a full share of the credit of this impor- tant transaction ; and it was through him that the services of Lafayette were secured to our country. Congress, having been much embar- rassed by his engagements with foreign officers, which it found itself unable to meet, and which DEA. 259 caused great dissatisfaction in the army, Nov. 21, 1777, passed an order for his recall, which was supplemented by a preamble and resolu- tion (Dec. 8), calling for information of the state of affairs in Europe, and directing him to embrace the first opportunity to return, and to repair with all possible despatch to Congress. This preamble and order, accoinp. by a very complimentary letter, reached him in Paris on the 4th of March, 1778. He arrived July 10, 1778; on the 13th, he reported himself to Con- gress. He soon perceived that he was not re- garded with favor by that body. Some 6 weeks passed before any notice was talicn of his at- tendance. He was finally required to furnish such an account of his financial transactions as it was impossible to give without returning to France. E.xasperated with this treatment, he became engaged in a controversy with in- fluential members. On the 6th of Aug. 1779, he was discharged from further attendance upon Congress, and a person was app. to audit his accounts. Deane arrived in France in 1 780, but was still subjected to delays on account of an alleged want of authority on the part of the person appointed to settle his accounts. Owing to the publication of some of his letters charging the French citbinct with intrigue and duplicity, he became obno.xious to the author- ities there; and he retired to the Netherlands, im- poverished almost to penury. He considered himself as a man not only abused, atul ill-re- quited for important services rendered, but de- nied those pecuniary rights which common honesty would say were his due. Imbittcred and exasperated, he became estranged from his country, and went to Eng., where he d. in ob- scurity and poverty. Ur. Franklin testified explicitly to Deane's probity and honesty in all his transactions for Congress ; but the enmi- ty and misrepresentations of Arthur Lee pre- vailed in that body, and were the cause of lifs final ruin. A perusal of Deane's Letters in the first vol. of Sparks's " Diplomatic Correspond- ence," of "Deane's Narrative," pub. in 18.')5, by the Seventy-six Society, and the " Me- morial of the Heirs of Silas Deane," pre- sented to Congress in 1835, cannot fail, it is believed, to satisfy the reader of to-dsiy, that Silas Deane w.is a man of eminent ability, of thorough honesty, and the victim of malice and misrepresentation. In 1842, his long-dis- puted claims were adjusted by Congress ; and a large sum was found to be due his heirs, and paid over to them. Deane pub. " An Address to the Free and Independent Citizens of the U. S. of N. America," pp. 30, Hartford, 1784; an ed. London, 1784, pp. 95. Each edition contains matter not embraced in the other. A vol. entitled " Paris Papers, or Mr. Sil.as Deane's late Intercepted Letters to his Bro., and other Friends," &e., was pub. by Riving- ton, N.Y., 1781. Dean, William, D.D., missionary, b. at Morrisville, N.Y., June 21, 1807 ; was descend- ed from John Dean, who settled in Dedham, Ms., in the latter half of the 17th century. He went to China in 1834 as a missionary of the Bapt. Miss. Union. He has translated por- tions of the Bible and other works into Chi- nese, which have been printed for the use of A Memoir of his second wife, Mrs. Theodosia A. B. Dean, who died in 1843, was printed at Boston soon after her death. Deane, William Keed, antiquary, b. Mansfield, Ms., Aug. 21, 1809; d. there, June 16, 1871, a. 61. Was a nephew of Rev. Samuel of Scituatc. He was for many years a mer- ch.antin Bo'^ton ; w.is a fine belles-lettres scholar and a genuine antiquary, and familiar with the customs and usages of the early settlers of N. E. He contrib. many valuable articles to the N.E. Hist, and Genealoi/ical Rer/istrr and the Historical Maijasine. He was also a contrib. to the Unitarian and secular press. He made col- lections lor extensive genealogies of the Deane and Pool fiimilies, and also for thoroughly editing " Madam Knight's Journal," an an- notated reprint of which he pub. in LittcU's Livinrj Ai/e, June 26, 1 858. Author of gene- alogies of the Deane Family, 1849 ; the Leon- ard Family, 1851 ; and the Watson Family, 1864. Dearborn, Benjamin, inventor of the patent balance, b. Portsmouth. N.ll., 1755; d. Boston, Feb. 22, 1833. Son of Dr. Benj. Served his time with Daniel Fowle, printer; taught an acad. for girls, and, removing to Boston ab. 1790, pursued the same vocation. He was well versed in science. In 1784, under the signature of "A Friend of Industry," he pub. in the N. H. Gazette an able article sug- gesting the eui])loymcnt of convicts in prisons, — a pinii soon afterward generally adopted. Dearborn, Henky, maj.-gen. U.S A., b. North liamptun, N.II., Fcl.. 23; 1751 ; d. Rox- bury, M»., June 6, 1829. His ancestor Godfrey came from E.xoter, Eng., settled at Exeter, N.H., in 1639, and afterward removed to Hampton. Henry, having studied medicine with Dr. Hall Jackson of Portsmouth, settled in practice at Nottingham Square in 1772, employing hia leisure in military studies. The day after the battle of Lexington, he marched at the head of 60 vols., reaching Cambridge, a distance of 65 miles, early next day. Returning, he was app. first capt. in Stark's rcgt. ; was again at Cam- bridge, May 15 ; and June 17, participated in the battle o"f liiinkir's Hill, taking post behind therail t< iirc.an.l I ;. Ming it until the main body of till- II iiiciiij ,\iiirricans were saved from being iiii Mil 111 S pt. he accomp. Arnold's expcd. ilinui-h the wilderness to Canada, and, being taken with a fever, was left in a cottage on the banks of the Chaudiere, without a phy- sician. His life was despaired of; but he re- covered, joined his company early in Dec, and in the attack on Quebec, Dec. 31, was made prisoner, and closely confined. He was, in May, 1776, permitted to return on parole; was ex- changed early in March, 1777, and was made m.ojor of Scaramell's (3dN.H.) regt., with which he went in May to Ticonderoga. At the battle of Stillwater, he com. a light inf. corps of 5 companies, and, with the rank of lieut.-col., led the same com. in the decisive battle of Saratoga, Oct. 7, sharing in the honor of carrying the German fortified camp. Disting. at the battle of Monmouth, June 28, 1778. In Aug. 1779, he took part in Sullivan's exped. against the Indians in the interior of N.Y., and was in the battle of Newtown, Aug. 29 ; in 1781, he was TITSA. 260 attached to Washington's staff as dep. qnarter- mastcr-Kcn., rank of col,, in wliich capacity he served din-inj; tlie siege oC Yorktown, and, from that period till the end of the war, was col. of the 1st N.H. re-t. In June, 1784, ho, with his bros., removed to .Monnionih, Jfe. ; waschosen brig.-gen. of militia in 1787; maj.-gcn. 1795; was app. by Washington marshal of Me. in 1789; was M.C. from 179.3 to 1797 ; sec. of war under Jefferson from Mar. 1801 to Mar. 1809 ; collector of the port of Boston from 1809 until his app. by Pres. Madison, Jan. 27, 1812, as senior inaj.-gcn, in the U.S. army, and com.- in-chief of the northern department. War was declared, Jnne 18, 1812. April 27, 181.3, he captured York, now Toronto, C. W., and May 27, Fort George at the month of the Niagara'. July 6, 1813, he was snperseded ostensibly on the ground of ill health, but really, in conse- quence of political intrigue. He solicited a court of inquiry, hut in vain. He was after- ward in com. of the military di-t. of N.Y. City. Minister to rortugal from May 7, 1822, to 1824, when he resigned, returned home, and retired to his estate at Koxbury, Ms His la.st wife Sarah, widow of Gov. Bowdoin, d. May 24, 1825. Gen. D. was large and command- ing in jjerson, frank in inanner, and of unim- pearl.ifl i:it jiitv He pub. an account of Bum' Mi I ', and was the author of a JI.S I , , , . :i,ed. toCanada, imprison- mciri i!i (^ih i v, r-.],rd to Wyoming, and other adventures during the war, printed in his Life, by his son. Dearborn, Gex. Henry Alexandeis ScAMMKi.L, son of the preccdinsr, b. Exeter, N.II., 3 Mar. 17S3; d. Portland, Me.. 29 July, 18.-)1. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1 803. He studied law with Judge Story in Salem, where he prac- ti.scd ; afterward superintended the forts in Portland harbor; was brig.-gen. of militia, comg. the troo]>s in Boston harbor in 1812; coll. of Boston, 1812-29 ; member Ms. Const. Conv. 1820, and of the exec, council ; M.C. 1831-3; adj. -gen. of Ms., 1834-43, removed for loaning the State arms to the State of R.I. to supi)ress the Dorr rebellion ; and mayor of Koxhury, 1847-.')1. Authorof Lives of the Apostle Eliot, of Com. Bainbridge, and of his father ; " Commerce of the Black Sea," 3 vols., 1819 ; " Letters on the Int. Improvements and Com. of the We^t," ls;o, nnd :n, " l for t lic prcss a largc part of th : I I ipiarto edition of the census ol l-.i 1 1 ■ n .i~ active in the enterprises for the advancement of the material and intellec- tual interests of the South ; was a member of nearly every Southern commercial convention since 1845, and presided over that at Knox- ville, Tenn., in 1857. Hecontrib. many articles upon American topics to the new edition of the " Encyclop^Edia Britannica ;" delivered various addresses before literary, agricultural, and mil 1 I ., ;'i.iH: and was one of the found- ci- I I I li ,l. Society, since raergeil in t!i \ - ire. For some years before till; KJjdliju, li'j w.is very bitter in his denun- ciation of the Northern States and their insti- tutions; and during the war, though his Review was necessarily discontinued, his voice and pen were actively employed in the service of the Confederacy. Afier its overthrow, he ad- mitted the superiority of the free to the slave labor system, and urged the Southern States to encourage immigration. He resumed his Rei-iew, first at New York, and subsequently at Nashville. Also authorof " Encyclopsedia of the Trade and Commerce of the U.S.," 2 vf)N . srn, I'iT! : " The Southern States, their ,\ '■ 1 ■iiincrce," &c., 8vo, 1856; and ■l.li:: i: n ices of the South-west," 3 VI. 1-, I :. dfrom his/te(■l'e!o,•"Compcn- (llUirl..l ill., ^.i.iuh U.S. Census. " — /l/jptaon. De Camp, John, commo. U.S.N., b. N.J. Midsli,|inian, Oct. 1, 1827 ; lieut. Feb. 28, 18.38; couun.mder, Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862 ; commodore, retired ll-t. Sept, 28, 1866; com. steam-sloop " Iir'r|in>i<." I'^r.i-a ; in the attack upon Forts Jmk^on nml St. Philip, and capture of N. Orleans, ami in the various bat- tles on the Mpi., including Vieksburg ; com. frigate" Wabash," S. A. squad., 1863-4; com. receiving-ship " " — " " Hamersiu. Potomac," Phila., 1868-9.- 2G1 Decatur, Stephen, a gnlliint naval officer, soil of Capt. Stephen, b Siuiiepuxcnt, Md., 5 Jan. 1779 ; d. Washin-ton, D. C, 22 Mar. 1820. (Stephen, his father, capt. U.S.N., 1798- 1801, b. Newport, 1751, d. Frankford, near Phila., Nov. 14, 1803.) Midshipman, 30 Apr. 1 798 ; lieut. 21 May, 1 799 ; capt. 26 Feb. 1 804. His first exploit was the destruction of the frigate " Philadelphia," in the harbor of Trip- oli on the night of 15 Feb. 1S04, for which he received from Congress a sword, a vote of thanks, and immediate promotion. In the attack on Tripoli, Aug. 3, hccom. a division of gunboats, and had a desperate personal conflict with the captain of a Turkish gunboat, whom he slew. App. to com. the frigate " United States," in which, Oct. 25, 1812, in lat 29° N., long. 29° 30' W. lie fell in with the British frigate " Ma- cedonian," capturing her after an action of an hour anil a half. For this capture, Congress awarded him a gold medal. He was after- ward blockaded in N. London by a British squadron. lujan. 1815, he attempted, in "The I'resident," to elude the blockade ; but she was injured in passing the bar, and was captured by the British squadron, after having kept up a ruuninir fight of two hours ami a half with " The Endymlon," which was .liMna>tcd and si- lenced. A few monthslat. r. !i ^^,l- .1 ; it. lied with a sqiiadi-on to Algii 1 , I i ■ 17, off Cape de Gatt, an A1-. ! ...King the noted Admiral Rais II ntn i), ihi, arriv- ing at Algiers June 28, tcnilicd tlie ivgoncy into a relinquishment of the claim for trib- ute, the surrender of all captives, and compen- sation for all Amer. property seized. He also obtained indemnity from Tunis and Tripoli, and procured the release of many captives. Nov. 12, ho was app. anavy commissioner, and took up his residence at Kalorama, Washing- ton, D.C., tlie former estate of Joel Barlow. A coiresp. with Com. Barron, relative to " The Chesapeake" affair, resulted in a duel at Bla- denshurg, in which Decatur was mortally, and Barron severely, wounded. Courage, sa- gacity, energy, self possession, and a high sense of honor, were the characteristic traits of De- catur. — S'ce Ufe, hji A. S. Mackenzie, 1846. EeCharms, Richard, clersryman and author, b. Phila., Oct. 17, 1796; d. Phila., March 20, 1864. Y.C. 1826. Descended (lom Huguenots, who took refuge in Eng. in IG85. His father, a physician, came to Phila. in 1793. At 14, he supported his mother by working in a printing-office. After graduat- ing, he studied Sweden borg'stlicology in Bos- ton, printed the first 3 numbers of the New Jerusaltm Magazine with his own hands, and preached one j'car in Bedford, Pa. At the suggestion of a female friend, to whom he was indebted for his education, he continued the study of theology in London, to fit himself for the ministry of the church of the New Jerusa- lem ; supporting himself during his 2 years' stay there by working asajourneyman printer. His first sermon, on the " Paramount Impor- tance of Spiritual Things," was pub, in 1828, and reprinted in London. He settled at Cin- cinnati (1832-9), Phila. (1839-45), Baltimore (1845-50), and New York, and pub. .sermons and lectures oa the fundamental doctrines of Swedenborg. He edited the Precursor and New Churchman. His chief works are the "New Churchman E.\tra," 8vo; "Freedom and Slavery in the Light of the New Jerusa- lem ; " " Sermons illustrating the Doctrine of the Lord," 1840; "Scries of Lectures deliv- ered at Charleston, S.C," 1841. Deems, Charles F., D.D., b. Baltimore, 1820. Dick. Coll. 1839. Prof in the U. cf N.C., 1842; prof, of chcmistrv, Randolph M. Coll., 1848; pres. of Greensli'oro' Coll., 1850, of Centenary Coll, 1854. Author of "Tri- umph of Peace and other Poems," " Devo- tional Melodies," " Twelve College Sermons," " Life of Rev. Dr. Clarke," " Home Altar," "What Now?" "Family Worshi])," 12mo, 1852. Edited 5 vols. Smth. Meth. Pulpit. Contrili. to South. Meth. Quarterly, and other journals. — Allihone. Deering, Nathaniel, dramatist and mis- cellaneous writer, b. Portland, Me., June 25, 1791. H.U. 1810. Educated at E.xcter and Cambridge. He studied law in the office of Chief-Justice Whitman at Portland, and pur- sued the profession in the northern counties of Me. He is now a resident of Portland. He iias produced two tragedies, " Carabasset ; or. The last of the Norridgewocks," produced at the Portland Theatre in 1831, and " Bozzaris." His other writings, including numerous humor- ous tales of " Down-East " life, have appeared from time to time in the journals of the day. DeHaas, John Philip, brig.-scn. Revol. army, b. Holland, ab. 1735; d. Phila., ab. 1794. Descended from an ancient family of Northern France, and in 1750 accomp. his father to Amer., scttlin;; in Lancaster Co., Pa. An ensign in the old French war, and in Aug. 1763, participated in the bloody conflict with the Indians at Bushy Run, near Pittsburg. App. coll first Pa. regt., Jan. 22, 1776 ; served in Can.ada and at Ticon.leroga; took part in the battle of Long Island, and was promoted, Feb. 21, 1777, to brig.-gcn., and served in va- rious capacities with credit until the close of the war. The latter years of his life were passed in Phila. A son served as ensign in his own regt. DeHaas (deh-hiis), MadriceF. H., marine painter, b. Rotterdam, ab. 1830. He studied at the Acad, of Fine Art^, nnO at tin- Antique and Life School, made -k • Ij'" . !■ -imis to the British Channel an 1 :: : , , nur-que coast of France, and rccci I l_. ,;i ,,,-;iiiction from the eminent Louii .\L'.Lrul ilio liaiiue. In 1856, the Queen of the Netherlands .sent him a flattering letter, and a handsome present in recognition of bis talent. In 1857, he was com. artist to the Dutch navy ; since 1859, he has held, in New York, the first rank in his priif Among his best works are " Storm otf the Isle of Jersey," "After the Wreck,' "Seashore near Htistings," "Calm off New- ptirt," " Wreck off St. Hilliers," " Yacht Hen- rietta," " Clearing Up," " British Channel," " The Old Wreck," " The Rescue," " Moon- rise at Sunset," and " Farragut passing the F..rts below N. 0." DeHart, Col. William, lawyer and Ucvol. soldier, b. Elizabethtown, N.J., Dec. 7, 262 1746; d. Moriistown, June 16, 1801. Son of Dr. Matthias DeHart. Practised law before the Revol. ; was app. maj. 1st N.J. batt., Nov. 7, 1775; was lieiit.-col in 1776; resigned his commission before the close of the war, and resumed the profession of the law at Morris- town, N.J. He had 2 bros. in the service, one of whom was aide to Gen. Wavne, and fell at Fort Lee in 1780. Col. DeHart was eminent in his profession, and was noted for wit and humor. In 1779, he was pres. of the St Tammany Society. — Ord. Book N.A. DeHart, William C, capt. U.S.A., b. N.Y., 1800; d. Elizabethtown, N.J., Apr. 21, 1848. West Point, 1820. Aide-de-camp to Gen. Scott, Jan. 31, 1838 ; capt. 3 Apr. 1838; at siege of Vera Cruz, and battle of Cerro Gordo i lieut.-gov. of Puebla during its siege, Sept. and Oct. 1847. Author of a treatise on " Martial Law and Courts-Martial, N.Y.," 8vo, 1846. — Culliim. DeHaven, Edwin J., arctic explorer, b. Phila., 181'J; d. there May 9, 1865. Mid- shipm. Oct. 2, 1829; lieut. Sept. 8, 1841; resigned, 1857. He served in Wilkes's ex- ploring exped. 1839-42, and com. the first exped^ fitted out at the expense of Henry Grin- nell of N.Y. to search for Sir John Franklin. This exped. left N.Y., May 24, 18.50, and was absent over 16 months, wintering within the arctic circle It consisted of 2 small tugs, " The Advance " of 140, and " The Rescue " of 90 tons. Dr. Kane has given a full account of this exped. On his return, he was employed in the coast- survey. Dehon, Theodore, D.D., Pr.-Ep. bishop of S.C, b. Boston, Ms., Dec. 8, 1776; d. Charleston, S.C, Aug. 6, 1817. H.U. 1795. He became rector of Trinity Church, Newport, R.I., in 1798, and of St. Michael's Church, Charleston, in 1809. Oct. 15, 1812, he was consec. bishop of S.C. Besides occasional ser- mons, pub. during his lifetime, 2 vols, of his " Discourses " were issued in 1821. — SeeLife, hi/ C. E. (kidsden, 8vo, 1833. DeKay, Gkouge C., commodore, b. New York; d. Jan. 31, 1849, a. 47. When quite young, he entered the navy of Buenos Ayres, then contending against the Brazilian Empire, disting. himself by a series of brilliant actions under Admiral Brown, and on separate com- mands, and, in less than two years, reached the grade of lieut.-col., equivalent to the English rank of commodore. In July, 1847, he com. the frigate" Macedonian " on her philanthrop- ic mission to starving Ireland. His wife was the dau of the poet J. Rodman Drake, and grand-ilaii^rhtcr of Henry Eckford. DeKay, James E., M.D., naturalist, bro. of Com. Geo. C. ; d. Oyster Bay, Nov. 21, 1851, a. 59. Author of " Sketches of Turkev," in 1831-2, and of " Zoology in the Survev "of N. Y," 15 vol.s., 4to, with an Introd. by Wm. H. Seward ; " Anniv. Address before the N.Y. Lyceum on the Prog, of the Nat. Sciences in the U.S.," Feb. 1825. Delafleld, John, agriculturist, b. N.Y. City, 1786; d. 1853. Col. Coll. 1802. After losing a fortune acquired as a banker in Lond., in 1839 he withdrew to a farm known as Oak- lands, at Rose Hill, Seneca Co., N.Y. Here his eflForls for rural improvement added much to the agricultural wealth of the county. In 1851, he became pres. of the N.Y. State Agric. Society, and at the time of his death was pres. of the State Agric. Coll. Author of " An In- quiry into the Origin of the Antiquities of America," Cincin., 1839. Delafleld, Richard, brev. innj.-gcn. and chief of engineers U.S.A., b. N.Y. West Point, 1818. Capt. 24 May, 1828; maj. July 7, 1838 ; sup. Milit. Acad., Sept. 1838 to Aug. 1845, and from Sept. 8, 1856, to 1 Mar. 1861 ; lieut.-col. engs. Aug. 6, 1861; cul. June 1, 1863 ; brig.-gen. and chief-engr. Apr. 22, 1864; retired Aug. 8, 1866. Ordered to Europe by the govt, to observe the Crimean war; and his report was pub. as a senate document in 4to, 1860. Superint. engr. of the defences of N.Y. harbor, 1861-4. Delamater, John, D.D., LL.D., a dis- ting. physician and scholar of the West, b. 18 Apr. 1787; d Cleveland, 0., 28 Mar. 1867. DeLancey, James, jurist, b. N.Y., 1703; d. there Aug. 2, 1760. U. of Camb., Eng., 1729. Son of a Huguenot emigrant, from Caen, Normandy; was sent to Eng. for educa- tion, and, soon after his return in 1 729, was made a justice of the Supreme Court, and chief-justice in 1733. On the death of Gov. Osborn, he, as lieut.-gov., was at the head of affairs in the province from 1753 to 1755, and also as successor to Hardy from 1757 to 1761). He was a profound lawyer, nml iliir:ii - in ail- ministration of Gov. Clinton, i ' ; 1 a powerful influence on the lr_ , , .u to him. He was at theheail ul ih'j .Is 'jjiauon , which founded Kings Coll. The author^? ^ ^ ^^_ " The Review of Military operations from 1 753 to 1756 " represents him as a man of learning and talent, yet as an unprincipled demagogue, and finished intriguer, whose plausible arts, together with his influence as chief-justice, and a vast personal estate at use, all conspired to secure his popular triumph. De Lancey, Col. James, loyalist, b. N. Y.; d. Annapolis, N.S., 1800. Son of Peter De L. and Elizabeth Colden. Elected to the N. Y. assembly in 1 769, and some time sheritf of W. Chester. He com. a batt. in the brigade of his uncle, Gen. Oliver De Lancey, and, being taken in 1777, was confined in Hartford jail. His corps were called " Cow Boys," from " their knowledge of beef" An attempt to capture or destroy this odious corps in July, 1781, w.is a failure. His estates were confiscated ; and he went to Nova Scotia, where, in 1794, he was a member of the council. De Lancey, Gen. Oliver, loyalist, b. N. Y. City, 1717 ; d. Beverly, Eng., Oct. 27, 1785. Bro. of James, lieut.-gov. of N. Y., and many years a member of the assembly and council. As col. of a N. Y. regt., under Abercrombie, his gallantrj' won for him the thanks of the Icgisl. At the commencement of the Revol., he organized and equipped, chiefly at his own expense, a corps of 3 battalions, bearing his name. App. in 1776 a brig.-gen. in the royal service, ho was the senior loyalist officer in America during the Revol. contest. On the evacuation of N. Y. in 1783, he went to Eu- rope. His dau. Susannah m. Sir Wm. Draper. DEL 263 De Lancey, Oliver, gen. in the Britisli f.rmy, b. New York; U. Edinbur-Ii, Sept. 18J2. Son of the preceding. Educated in Europe; entered the service in 1766; licut. Dec. 1770; Ciipt. 17th Drags, Mav, 1773; maj. Juh', 1778; lieut.-col. Oct. 1781 ; "col. Nov. 1790; barrack- master-gen. 1792-1804 ; maj. -gen. 1794 ; lieut - gen. 1801 ; gen. 1812. He was in Boston dur- ing the siege ; accomp. the arniv to Nova Sco- tia, and in June, 1776, to Staten Ishmd. He com. the cavahy during the landing on L. I., and was constantly employed on outpost ser- vice until the liattle'oC Aug. 28, when he formed the advance of [he right column. His treatment of Gen. Woodliull, who .surrendered to him, on this occasion, was inhuman. He promised to protect him; but his men niiinlmrl liim. lie was at White Plains, Fort \Vasliin-i..ii, in the Jerseys, in the attack on K. <1 Kank, ai White Marsii, and at Monninmli. I)c|i. i| ni.-gen. during the siege of Charlcsiun, and in .scvei'al e.Kpeds. under Cornwallis, to wliom, on the re- turn of the army to N. York, he became a.-d.-c. In 1781, he succeeded Andre as adj. -gen. On his return to Eng., he undertook the arrange- ment of loyalist claims, and was placed at the head of a commission for settling all army ac- counts during the Amer. war. He was removed from the office of barrack-master on the dis- covery of a great defalcation in his accounts. M. P. for Maidstone, 1796. Author of a pam- phlet entitled "Considerations on the Propri- ety of Imposing Ta.xes on the British Colo- nics," London, 1766. De Lancey, Stephen, loyalist, b. N. Y. ; d. Portsmouth, N.H., Dec. 3,' 1798. Son of Peter. Clerk of the city and county of Albany in 1765. Member of the council in 1776, and was lieut.-col. 1st batt. N. J. vols, in 1782. He was afterward chief-justice of the Bahamas, and gov. of Tohago. He m. a dau. of liev. H. Barclay of Trinity Church, N.Y. A son, Sir Wm. H. De L., was aide to Wellington, and was killed at Waterloo. De Lancey, William Heathcote.D.D., D.C.L., Pr. Ep. bishop of Western N. Y., b. Mamaroneck, N.Y., Oct. 8, 1797; d. Geneva, N.Y., Apr. 5, 1865. Y. C. 1817. He studied theology under Bishop Hobart ; ord. deacon in 1819, and priest in 1822; soon after became assist, of Bishop White of Phila., in the 3 churches of which he was rector, and in 1823 became one of the regular assistant ministers of those churches. He was annually chosen sec. of the diocesan convention of Pa from 1825 to 1830, and was sec. of the house of bishops from 1823 to 1829. He was provost of the U. of Pa. from 1828 to 1833 ; travelled in Europe in 1835. and on his return, after the death of Bishop White, succeeded to the rec- torship of St. Peter's. In 1838, Dr. De Lan- cey was chosen first bishop of the new diocese of Western N.Y., and was consec. May 9, 1839. The Hobart free college at Geneva was chiefly indebted to his efficient efforts for its support. In 1852, he was a delegate to Eng. from the Episcopal bishops of the U. S. He was one of the leaders of the High-Church party. D.C.L. of the U. of O.Kford, 1852; D.D. of Y. C, 1828 ; and LL.D. of Un. Coll., 1847. Delano, Capi. Amasa, traveller, b. Dux- bury, Ms., 1763; ^d, of Voi/ai/es and Tidvets — St^e a Narrative / t c ' d the World, 8vo, , '^0 7 (written by Rev. Horace Holley).- — ^, g Delano, Columbus, lawyer and b. Shorcham, Vt., 1809. Ueraoved to Mt. Ver- non, Ohio, in 1817 ; was adm. to the bar in 1831, and became eminent as an advocate and criminar lawyer ; M. C. 1845-7 and 1865-9; commis.-gen. of Ohio, 1861 ; member Ohio legisl. 1864; engaged extensively in agriculture and in banking; commissioner of U. S. inter, rev., Mar. 1869-Oct. 1870; and succeeded J. D. Cox as seerctaryoftlicinterior inUct. 1870. De Laplaine, Joseph, autlior of " De Laplaine's Repository of the Lives and Por- traits of Disting. Amcriciins," 2 vols., 4to; d. Phila., May 31, 1824. Delaware, Thomas West, Lord, gov. of Va. ; il, June 7, 1618, on his second voyage thitlicr, "ill or near the mouth of the bay which bears his name.' He succeeded to his father's title Mar. 24, 1602. He landed at Jamestown, May 23, 1610, aiid succeeded Sir Thos. Gates, under the charter of May 23, 1609. In March, 1611, after having built 3 forts, and regulated the affairs of the Colony, he returned to Eng. He continued to take a deep interest in the COQ- cerns of the Colony, which he was at great expense to establish. The " Relation " of the planting of his colony, London, 1611, was reprinted in 1858. Deliniers (dehle'-neair') Jacques An- TOINE Marie, viceroy of Buenos Ayres, b. Niort, France, Feb. 6,1756; shot at Buenos Ayres, Aug. 10, 1810. A capt. in the Spanish navy, he was sent on a mission to S. Amer. at a time when Spain and Eng. were at war, and an English armament had (July 2, 1806) cap- tured Buenos Ayres. Deliniers, who was at Montevideo, assembled the militia of the coun- try, attacked the place, and, after an obstinate resistance, forced it to capitulatc( Aug. 12,1807). He was at once made viceroy, and, in the fol- lowing year, sustained a fierce attack from the English, under Whitelocke and Auchmuty, whom he defeated, and compelled to evacuate the country. This victory ciowncd the repu- tation of Deliniers, who received from the king of Spain the grade of brigadier des armies. The Spanish junta in 1810 sent a new viceroy, Cisueros, and conferred on Deliniers the title of " Count de Buenos Ayres." The revolutionists having speedily set aside the new viceroy, De- liniers, desirous of re-establishing the royal au- thority, assembled a force of 2,000 men, with which he blockaded Buenos Ayres ; but his fee- ble force was dispei-sed by the revolutionists, and he himself, with other royalist chiefs, was taken and shot. — Nouv. Diog. Gen. Demers, Rev. M., 50 years a teacher in the Sem. of Quebec, b. St. Nicholas, Co. of Levis, 1774 ; d. May 17, 1853. He did much to pro- mote the study of natural philosophy, and taste for the fine arts, and, in 183.5, pub., at Quebec, " Inslitutiones PMIosopliicce." Denio, Hiram, judge, b. Rome, N.Y., 1799. Judge of the N.Y. Court of Appeals; resides at Utica. Has pub. " Reports of the Sup. Court of N.Y. 1845-8," 5 vols.; " Revised Stat- utes of N.Y.," 4th ed., 2 vols., 1852, by Denio and Wm. Tracey. — ALlibone. JDEF Denis, Nicolas, a naiive of Tours, was gov.-licut.-gen. for the king of France, and pro- prietor of a part of Acadia and Canada. Hav- ing obtained a grant of the country extending from Cape Canceaux to Gaspe, he came to Amer. in 1632, but was obliged, after malcing important establishments, to sustain a con- tinued and vexatious warfare of territorial rights with his countrymen ; and a conflagration com- pleted liis ruin.' Denis, on returning to France, after a sojonrn of 40 years in America, during which he had visited most of the French pos- se.ssions, pub. the result of his observations nnder the title, " Desa-iption G€or]raph!que et Historiqne des C6l^ de I 'Am&ique Septentrionale avec I 'Uistoii-e Nntiirelle de ce Pays," Paris, 1 672, 2 vols. — Bioq. Uiiiverselle. Denison, Charles Whkeler, b. Ct. 1809. Author of" American Village and other Poems." Contrib. to the Knickerbocker and other mags, and journals. — Allibone. Denison, Daniel, maj.-gen., b.Eng., 161.3 ; d. Ipswich, Ms., Sept. 20, 1682. Son of Wil- liam of Roxbury. Came to New Eng. ab. 1631 ; removed from Cambridge to Ipswich in 1635; was the military leader of that town ; commis- sioner to treat with the French commander D'Aulny at Penobscot, in 1646 and in 1653, and subsequently was 10 years major-gen. of the Colony. He represented Ipswich several years in the General Court ; was speaker of the "house in 1649 and 1651-2; sec. of the Colony in 1653 ; justice of the Quarterly Court, 1 658 ; commissioner of the United Colonies,! 655-62 ; assist. 1653-82. His public employments were numerous, and his services very important. In 1684 was printed his " Irenicon ; or. Salve for New England's Sore." His dau. Elizabeth married Pres. Rogers of H U. App. com.-in- chief of the Ms. forces in June, 1675, but was prevented by sickness from taking the field in the Indian war. —N.E.II. and G.R.v., 140. Denison, Mary Andrews, b. Cambridge, Ms., 1826 (Mrs. C. W. D.). Author of " Home Pictures," " What Not? " " Carrie Hamilton," " Oracle Amber," " Old Hcpsey, a Tale of the South," N.Y., 12mo, 1838. Contrib. to many of the leading journals. Dannie, Joseph, journ.iIist,b Boston, Ms., Aug. 30. 1768 ; d. Pliila., Jan. 7, 1812. II U. 1790. He studied law, and practised at Wal- pole, N.II., but soon adopted the literary career, having acquired some reputation by newspaper contributions under the title of" Tlie Farrago." He pub. at Boston, in 1795, the Tablet, weekly, and edited the Farmer's Museum, at Walpole. in 1796-9, in which the popular essays of" The Lay Preacher" first appeared. In Sept. 1799, he went to Phila. as clerk in the office of Mr. Pickering, sec. of State. In 1800, after editing a while the U. S. Gazette, he began the Port- folio, to which the rest of his life was devoted, under the nomde plume of " Oliver Oldschool." This, while in its prime, was the first literary journal of the country. In 1803, he was in- dicted for a libel against the Federal Govt. pub. in his journal, but was acquitted. Dennie's convivial tastes led him to form the " Tuesday Club," a social gathering of the wit and genius of Phila. He was remarkable for originality, and for delicacy of thought and language. Dennison, William, politician, b. Cm- H C>(vwv\ cinnati, Nov.23, 1815. MiamiU. 1835. Adm. ^ ' to the ^.ir in 1840; practised at Columbus ^vwJi'l'J;! until 1848; member of the O. legisl. 1848-50; Q pres. of the Exchange Bank, and of the Colum- bus and Xenia Railroad Co. ; in 1856, delegate to the Pittsburg convention which inaugurated the Repub. party, and also to the Phila. con- vention ; gov. of (Jbio, 1860-2, and did much to organize the vols, against the Rebellion ; chairman of the Ohio convention of 1 862 ; dele- gate and pres. of the Baltimore convention of 1864; U.S. postmaster-gen. Oct. 1864 to July, 1866. Denonville, Jacques Rene de Brisat, Marquis de, gov. of Canada in 1685-9 ; was a brave officer, but, by : tfollo' wmgupa victory he had gained over the Iroquois, inspired i with contempt, and by kidnapping a number of their chiefs, and sending them to France to work at the galleys, at a time when they were on a peaceful mission to himself, excited a hatred against the French, only terminated by the frightful "Massacre of Lachine." — Mor- Dent, John Herbert, capt. U.S.N., b. Md.,1782; d.julv 31, 1823, St. Bartholomew's Parish, S.C. Midshipm. March 16, 1798, under Truxton, in the frigate " Constellation," and was in her when she captured the French frigate " Insurgente," Feb. 1, 1799. Lieut. July 11, 1799, he was in the same ship when she took the French frigate " La Vengeance," Feb. 1, 1800. He com. the schooners " Nauti- lus" and "Scourge," in Preble's squadron, during the Tripolit.an war, and participated in the several attacks upon that city and harbor in 1804. Master com. Sept. 5, 1804; capt. Dec. 29, 1811. Denton, Daniel, author of "A Brief De- scription of New York," 4to, Lond.,1570, rcpr. in N.Y. in 1845, with notes by Gabriel Fur- man. Denton, William, poet, teacher, and lec- turer, b. Darlington, Durham Co., Eng., 1823. He received his education in Eng., emigrated to the U.S. aficr attaining manhood, and in 1856 pub. at Dayton " Poems for Reformers." — Poets und Poelri/ of the West. Denver, Jamks W., politician, b. Win- chester, Va., 1818. He emigrated in child- hood with his parents to Ohio, removed to Mo. in 1841, and taught school and studied law there ; was app. capt. 12th Inf., March 5, 1847 ; left the service at the end of the Mexican war, July25, 1848; eniig. toCal.in 1850; waseliosen State senator in March, 1832; Aug. 2, 1832, killed Mr. Edward Gilbert, nearSan Francisco, in a duel with rifles at 40 paces ; in Feb. 1853 w.as app. sec. of State; MC. 1855-7; Mar. 4, 1857, was app. by Pres. Buchanan commis- sioner of Indian affairs, but resigned, and was made gov. of Kansas after the resignation of R. J. Walker; resigning this post in Nov. 1858, he was re-app. commissioner of Indian affairs, which he held till Mar. 1859. Made brig. -gen. Aug. 14, 1861, ho served in the Western States; resigned Mareh 5, 1863; delegate to the Cleveland Soldier's Convention in 1866, and settled in Washington, D.C., as an attorney. De Peyster (de pis'-ter), Abraham, an 265 DKR eminent meicliant and citizen of New Yoi-k, flJost son of Johannes, b Now York, July 8, 1G58 ; d. ilicre Au';. 10, 1728. He was mayor of N.Y. between 1C91 and 1695; was subse- quently cliief-jnsiice of the province, and pres. of the kind's council," in which latter capaci- ty, in 1701, ho acted as col. gov. He was also col. of the forces of the city and 'county of N. Y., and treasurer of N.Y. and N.J. He was the intimate friend and corresp. of Penn and of the col. frov., the Earl of Bellomont. His mansion in I'earl St., once the headquarters of Washin-ton, stood until 1856. De Peyster, Johannes, an early settler of New Ain-ieidani, now New York, b. Haarlem, Hoi.; d. New York , ab. 1685. Of Hu igucnot descent 11- Ir-M luanv 1 iltir. ■s of tn ,"t and honn, :: :■ ! 1 ,■ ■ . . , , j 1 ■ , .1 rule. Uiuiii. i : ;- 1 la which the Din. 1 ,. am 1 ll iba l.l- he t,.„k . 1 hlumillel iL lialt 111 tlie com luct of public .11. u's. He was sub. sequently, at , differ- alderman. deputy maj ,-or, and mayor. -Api,!eL ,!l. DePc jystcr, -T^ >it\- W \tt: ^. of Rose Hill, Tivoli, \ v., 1 N.Y., b. N.Y. Citv, y M ,ir- i -.. r , laitrib. to the Eclair,,,,; a iniiH j'H , . 1 Mild its 1 editor 1854-8; • 1. lie of I. ,. Tor- stcnscn," 8vo, 18.55; '• The Dut chat the North Pole and the Dutch in Ma ine, " 12mo. 1857 : " Early S cttlc.nent . .f Aca.l ie i .V the Dutch," 8vo, 1858 ; "TIk I) Ml ll I' .-(■[!i- I ; ihic," 8vo, 1858 ; " 11 I~5S; "The Am iMcnt, M 1 ■ . 1 ■ Nather- landers,' 8vo, 1 - ' 1 illMia,. ;as the Test of r li'il-rai-ln 1 --a -' ; " I'l •actical StratrM ■ ■ .-v>., I^i, ; '■ S •( on in S witzer- land a"i 1 lu lip' 1 S. r,,)ii |iaia .1," 8vo, , 1864; "Deci-nr C.Mllll t- ill'iclal vilVVar, "1868. Gen. Uc P has ]ire| jared a t-'CI aealogy of his familv, an ,d has pub . some I )am| phlets on mili- try and religious subjects. — Alliboiie. iJerbigny, Peter, gov. of La. from 1828 ntil his death, Oct. 6, 1829. App. in 1820, iih Livingston and Moreau, to revise the laws f l,a. Derby, Elias Hasket, merchant, b. Sa- of the council owner of the ercd the Coli concurrence i -'-S3), ant of •3-73, lOIIN a. a remarkable , I. an .ail to England the first news of the battle of Lexington, and, ;u the close of the war, bore home from France thefirst news of peace. Elias, engaging exten- sively in business, owned, at the commencement of the Revol., 7 ships in the VV. India trade. The war ruined Amer. commerce; and Mr. Der- by, uniting with his townsmen, aided in the equipment of 158 armed vessels fitted out from Salctn, many of which were successful, at least 445 vessels being captured from the enemy. Appreciating the importance of speed, Mr. Derby built shipyards, studied n'aval architecture, and built a class of vessels superi- or in size, model, and speed to any previously launched in the Colonies. He opened Ameri- can trade to St. Petersburg in 1784, and to Canton and Calcutta soon atterward. — Hunt's Mercliants. Derby, Gen. Elias Hasket, merchant, b. Salem, Jan. 10, 1766 ; d. Londonderry, N.H., Sept. 16, 1826. One of the founders of the In- dia trade, first importer of Merino sheep, and began the manuf. of American broadcloth dur- ing the War of 1812. Rccd. an hou. degree fromH.U. in 1803. Derby, Elias Hasket, lawyer, b. Salem, Ms., 24 Sept. 1803. H.U. 1824. Son of Gen. E. H. Derby. He studied law under Daniel Webster, began practice in Boston in 1827, and attained distinction in railway cases. He has been pres. of the Old Colony K. R. Co., htm been active in promotiiiL; the < nniinercial interests of Boston, anl \\a< inn i and zeal- ous in his efforts to sea in.' t'a- nain nation of iron-clads during till' ei\ ll w.iia l;a...ales con- tribs. to the ICdiiJuuyh liiacw, the Allaiidc Monihlii, cSic, lie is the author of " Two Month's Abroad," 1844; "The Catholic," "The Overland Route to the Pacific," and many reports on the " Fisheries," the " British Provinces," &c., written while U.S. commis- Derby, George H., capt. U. S. topog. engrs:, b. Norfolk Co., Ms., 1824 ; d. insane in N.Y. City, May 15, 1861. West Point, 1846. Descendant of E. H. Derby, merchant of Salein. Severely wounded at Cerro Gordo, and brev. for gallantry. Afterward stationed in Cal., where he produced those humorous papers, since pub. under the title " Phoenix- iana," the success of which has encouraged a multitude of imitators. After his death, some of his other pieces were pub., entitled " The Squibob Papers." Employed by govt, in erect- ing lighthouses on the coasts of Fla. and Ala., he received a sunstroke, which resulted in a softening of the brain. Capt. toj). engrs. 1 July, 1860. De Ros, John Fred. Fitzgerald, n ar- adin. (1857) British navy, b. 1804; d. June 19, 1861. Author of " Travels in the U.S. in De Russy, Lewis G., engineer, b. N.Y. ; d. La., Sept. 1865. West Point, 1814. En- tering the 1st Art., he became capt. 3d Art., 11 Dee. 1825; paymaster and raaj. 21 Sept. 1826; was dropped from the army register in 1842; col. 1st La. Vols, during the Mexican war, 1846-8; planter at Natchitoches, La., 1848-61, and civil engineer; member of the house, 1851-.3, and of the senate of La., 183.3- 5; maj.-gcn. La. militia, 1848-61. Joined the Rebeiiion against the U.S. — Cdlum. DeRussy, Rene Edward, col. engs. U.S.A., b. N.Y. Citv, 1791 ; d. San Francisco, Nov. 26, 1865. West Point, 1812. Son of Thos. of St. Malocs, France, who came to N.Y. in 1791, and long resided at Old Point Comfort, Va. Brev. capt., Sept. II, 1814, for gallant conduct at the battle of Plattsburg; chicf-engr. of Miicomb's army in I8I4; capt. 9 Feb. 1815; brev. maj. Sept. 11, 1824; supt. Milit. Acad, from July, 1833 to Sept. 1838; lieut.-col. engrs. Dec. 7, 18.'»8; col. March 3, 1863; brev. brig. -gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. At the breakingout of the war in 1861, he 2GG was orJcrorl to tlie (IcfLMice of tlic Piicific const. Two sons, Gustaviis and Jolin, j;nvd. West Point; the thrnwv was a bri-.--en. U.S. vols., and Invv. eol. U.S.A., for gallant con- duct in tlie civil war, and is now (18G9) maj. 3d U.S. Art. Desandrouins, Vicomte, a Frencli engi- neer, b. Dec. 12, 1740. Accomp. Montcalm to Canada in May, 1756, as a capt royal en^'i- neers, became his aide and military sec, and was distin^'. in the defence of Tieondcroga and in tlic subsequent operations in Canada. Chief-cngr. in Rocliainbcau's array in the U.S. in 1780-3; made brig of inf., Dec. 5,1781, and chief de brigade of the engr. corps. In 1789, he was a cliev. of Malta, and a mcmberof the National Assembly from Calais and Ardres. Desaussure, Henry W., chancellor of S.C, 1808-.37 ; d. Charleston, S.C., March 29, 1839, a. 75. In the Rovol. war, he bore arms in defence of Charleston, and, after the organi- zation of the U.S. Govt., was app. by Wash- ington director of the mint. After filling the office a short time, he returned to Charleston, resumed the practice of law, and soon rose to eminence in his profession. Ho pub. 4 vols. of Equity Reports, which contain the early decisions of the Equity Court of S.C. ; Oration 4 July, 1798, before the S. C. Hist. Soc. Des Barres, Joseph FnEDEitic Wallet, soldier and hvdrographer, b. 1722; d. Halifax, N.S., Oct. 24; 1824, a. 102. He receivc^l his ed- ucation under the Bernouillis ; entered the Roy- al Milit. (Joll. at Woolwich ; embarked in Mar., 1756, as a lieut. in the 60th rcgt. for Amer, where, having raised 300 recruits in Pa. and Md., he formed them into a corps of field ar- tillery, which he for a while com. In 1737, he led an exped. against the Indians who had at- tacked Schenectady, surprised and captnred the chiefs, and brought them over to be useful allies to the army. He disting. himself as an engr. in the siege of Louisburg, in 1758; was aide-de-camp to Wolfe, to whom he was mak- ing a report when he fell, dying in his arms, and conducted the subsequent engineering op- erations, including the reduction of Fort Jacques Cartier, and other strong places, which completed the conquest of Canada. In 1762, he was directing engr. and quarterm.-gen. in the exped. for retaking Newfoundland, and was publicly thanked for his services. From 1763 to 1773, he was engaged in surveying the coast of Nova Scotia. Returning to Eng. in 1774, he received the commendation of the king for the manner in which this duty had been per- formed. Selected by Earl Howe to prepare charts of the N. A. coast, he adapted the sur- veys of Holland, De Brahm, and others, to nautical purposes; pub. in 1777 " The Atlantic Neptune," in 2 large folios. In 1784, he was made gov. of Cape Breton, with the military com. of that and of Prince Edward's Island, and soon after began the town of Sydney, and oi)ened and \vorked the valuable coal-fields at the entrance of the river. In 1804, he was app. lieut.-gov. and cora.-in-chief of Prince Eilward's Island, being then in his 82d year. He was Capt. Cook's teacher in navigation. He pub. " Cape Breton," Lond., 8vo, 1804, privately printed, and suppressed. Deschamps, Isaac, from 1785 to lus d.. Au-. Swiss extraction. lkT;.i]i Scotia; was a clerk at I'd in 17.i4, and aidr.l in mi of N.S, 17 1772; .app., Desha, . Pa., Dec. 9, 78.3. ire of N.S. a 78. Of lilr to Nova (Windsor) I lie turbu- ihat year; and justice r.E. Island rune Court bly in •ulilii i and statesman, b. , 17G3, ,1. Georgetown, Kv., Oct. 11, 1842. Emigrating to Ky. in 1781, he SLMved as a vol. in the exped. against the Indi- ans under Gen. Wayne in 1794-5 ; represent- ed Macon Co. one term in the State legisl.; fought at the battle of the Thames as a maj.- gen. ; was M.C. in 1807-19, and gov. of Ky. from 1824 to 1828. Desha, Gen. Robert, bro. of Joseph, a prominent merchant of Mobile, and M, C. from Tenn. from 1827 to 1831; d. Mobile, Feb. 8, 1849 ; capt. 24th Inf., Mar. 12, 1812 ; brcv. maj. for gallant conduct in attempt to recapture Fort Mackinac, Aug. 4, 1814 ; brig.- maj. Oct. 1814. De Soto, Fern-axdo, discoverer of the Ml.i., I. Xm---, Ivtmma.l.nM, Spain, ab. 1500; d, .1.; , -., r.'-' ., il, lMnk-,.iili>'M|ii. Ofa iiu.:. , :,;. ., , ,1 I,,, ,,11), li. u.w enabled by I'll; nil. l»i,. a to -|iiMiii M'vriMl years at and knightly accomplishments. In 1519, he accomp. Davila, gov. of Darien, to Amer., and opposed his oppressive administration. Quit- ting his patron, he, in 1528, explore I the coast of Guatemala and Yucatan for 700 miles, in search of the strait which was supposed to connect the two oceans. He accomp. Pizarro to Peru, under the promise of being his second in com., in 1532, and vvas sent by Piz.arro as ambassador to the inca Atahualpa. He was the hero of the battle which resulted in the capture of Cuzco, the metropolis ; soon after, returned to Spain with a fortune, met a flatter- ing reception from Charles V., and m. the dau. of Davila. In the belief that Florida was a new El Dorado, richer than any that had been discovered, he undertook its conquest at hia own expense. He sailed from San Lucas early in Apr.l 538, with 600 men ; reached the bay of Spiritu Santo (Tampa Bay), May 25, 1539, and passed the first winter in the country of the Appalachians, E. of the Flint River. Oct. 18, 1540, he fought a sanguinary battle with the Indians at Mavilla, or Mobile on the Alabam.i. Soon after beginning his march to the N.W., in the following spring, a pestilential fever carried off nearly a score of his men. He reached the Mpi. after journeying seven days through a wilderness of forests and marshes ; crossed it, and marched N.W. to the highlands of the White River ; then proceeded South, and wintered on the VVashita. While vainly at- tempting to descend the banks of the Mpi., through the bayous and marshes, he was at- tacked with a malignant fever, and d. To con- ceal his death, his body was wrapped in a man- tle, and at midnight was silently sunk in the middle of the stream. He had crossed a large 267 IDEV part of the continent in search of gold, and "found nothing so remarkable as his burial- place." A history of his life and travels, by L. A. Wilmcr, was pub. at Phil.i. in 1858. Despard, John, a Brit, gen., b. 1745 ; d. Sept. 3, 1829. Ensign 12th Foot, 1760 ; lieut. 1762 ; capt. Mar. 1777; maj. June, 1788 ; lieut.- col July, 1791; col. Aug. 1795; maj.-gen. 1798; I'icut.-gen. 1805; gen. 1814. He served in Germany; came with the royal fusileers to Quiliic in Mar. 1773, and was taken prisoner at St. John's, Nov. 1775; exchanged Dec. 1770 ; joined the army in N.Y., and was at the ca[)tnre of Kort Montgomery. In June, 1778, he was made nuij. of a corjis raised by Lord Kawilon ; in Dec. 1779, dep. adj.-gen., and was at the capture of Charle.ston, and in the cam- paigns of Cornwallis, ending with the surrender at Yorktovvn. He subsequently served on the staff of the army ; 7 years gov. of Canada. He was in 24 engagements, and was 3 times shipwrecked. — Phiiipart. Desprez-Crassier (da'-pra' kras'-sea), Jean Etienne Philihert, a French gen., b. Grassier, Jan. 18, 1733 ; d. Ornex, ab. 1803. Entering the .service as a cadet in 1745, he be- came a capt. in 1757 in the regt. Royal Deux- ponts, which was employed in Germany until the peace of 1763. With the grade of lieut.- col. in the same corps, he fought (under the orders of Prince Maximilian, since king of Bavaria) in the Amer. war. He disting. him- self particularly at Yorktown, where his brave regt., having captured two howitzers, obtained by the exploit the title of " Royal," then so flat- tering, and the still more extraordinary distinc- tion of bringing with it in its marches tlie two pieces of artillery which it had won. Mare- chal-de-camp in 1791 ; lieut.-gen. in Sept. 1792; he took com. of the advanced guard of the army of the centre, which repulsed the Prus- sians at the camp of La Lune. Suspended ns a nobleman in 1793, he was restored, and em- ployed successively in the army of Italy, the Pyrenees, and of the Rhine, but was deprived of command, Oct. 26, 1795. —AWw. Bio;;. Gen. Dessalines (da'-sa'-len') Jean Jacques, emperor of Hayti, b. ab. 1760; killed Oct. 17, 1806. Brought when young to Cape Francois, he was purchased by a black proprietor named Dessalines. Taking the name of his master, he served him until 1791, when he joined the bands of Biasson. Subsequently joining Tous- saintL'Ouverture, heroseto high rank, display- ing his bravery and also his ferocity. Upon the arrival of the French exped. under Leclerc, in 1802, he occupied the dept. of the south and west, conducting a bloody guerilla war against the French, and submitted to that gen. after the affair of Crete-a-Pierrot. He affected much zeal for the French, fought the insurgents, and treated the vanquished negroes with the same cruelty he had before shown the wliites. But, when he saw the army decimated by the yellow-fever, he joined the blacks, and became their com .-in-chief. He gained a victory over Gen. Roehambeau, whom he forced to evacuate the isle, and made his entry at the Cape, Oct. 30, 1803. The people of Hayti proclaimed their independence Jan. 1,1804, and named Des- salines gov.-gen., who, in retaliation for the cruelties exercised by Roehambeau upon the blacks, invited them to a general massacre of the whites. He was crowned Dec. 8, 1804, under the name of Jean Jacques First. Feb. 16, 1805, he marched against St. Domingo; but the arrival of a French squadron with 4,000 troops obliged him to raise the siege with great loss. On his return, he occupied himself in lay- ing down the constitutional bases of his govt., which were promulgated the 20th of May. His despotism and cruelty caused an insurrection Oct. 14, 1806. Directing his course to the south, in order to repress it, he fell into an am- buscade near Port au Prince, where he lost his life. De Trobriand, Philip Regis, brev.brig.- gen. U.S.A., b. France. Col. 55th N.Y. vols., Aug. 1861 ; engaged at Yorktown and Wil- liamsburg, Va. ; com. brigade at Fredericks- burg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Manassas Gap, Auburn and Kelly's Ford ; brig.-gen. U. S. vols. Jan. 5, 1864 ; com.lirig. 2d corps. Army of the Potomac at Deep Bottom ; a.ssanlt of Petersburg, Jerusalem Road, Peebles's Farm, Bovdtown Road, raid to Hick's Ford on the Weldon Railroad ; battles of Hatcher's Run and Five Forks, and com. a division in the operations ending in Lee's surrender. Brev. maj.'gen. of vols, and brig.-gen U. S. A. for gallant services in the war ; col. 31st U.S. Inf., July, 1866; now (1871), col. 12th U. S. Inf. Author of " Qiiaire Ans de Campagnes de I'Ar- nie'f du Potomac." — Heinij. DeuxpontS, Christian and William, Counts de Forbach des, respectively col. and lieut.-col. of the regt. of that name ; served in the army of Roehambeau in Amer. in 1780-3. Christian, b. Deuxponts, Bavaria, 20 Oct. 1752; becamecol. in 1775; disting. at York- town ; com. the Bavari.an corps at Ilohenlin- den in 1800, with such distinction as to merit the grand cross of tlie order of Maximilian Joseph. .William, b. 18 June, 1754; d. 16 years before his bro. Licut.-col. Oct. 2, 1779 ; wounded in the attack on the redoubt at York- town, on the night of Oct. 14, 1781 ; for his gallantry on this occasion was made by the King of France a chev. of the military order of St. Louis. He was afterward com.' of the Palace Guard, a post of honor at the Bavarian court. A journal of his campaigns in Amer., edited bv Dr. S. A. Green, was pub. Boston, Svo, 1868. De Vere, Maximilian Schele, LL.D., prof, of modern languages and belles-lettres in the U. of Va., b. near Wc^io, Sweden, Nov. 1, 1820. He first entered the military and after- ward the diplomatic service of Prussia. Emi- grating to the U.S., he was app. prof, in 1844. His contrib^. upon a great variety of subjects, historical, literary, and scientific, have appeared in the British Quarterli/ Review, the Southern Literary Alessentjer, Putnam^s and Hnrper^s Maijazines, &c. [le pub. in 1853 " Outlines of Comparative Philology," in 1856 " Stray Leaves from the Book of Nature," and "Stud- ies in English," " Glimpses of Europe in 1848." Devine.THOMAsC.brev.brig.-gen.U.S.A., b. N. Y. Lieut.col. 1st New York militia; capt. of mounted men in Va., July-Oct. 1861 ; r)E\^ col. 6rli N.Y. cav. Nov. 1861 ; brig.-fjen. vols. Oct. 1864 ; lieiit.-col. 8tli U.S. cav. July, 1866. Engaged at South Mountain and Fredericks- burg; com. brigade of cav. at Cliancellors- ville, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Siation, and various otiier cavalry actions ; in Sheridan's cav. campaiijn at battles of Todd's Tavern, Spottsylvania CM., Cold Harl.or, Trevillian's atl Dewey, M.D. (Y.C. maj.-gen. vuU. lor g.ilhmt services in the war ; col. U. S. A. for Fisher's Hill, and brig.-gen. for Sailor's Creek, Va. — Heiiri/'s Mil. Record. Dew, Thomas Uodekic, publicist, b. King and Queen Co.,Va., Dec. 5, 1802; d. Paris, France, Aug. 6, 1846. Wm. and Mary Coll., 1820. He studied law, travelled two years in the south of Europe, in 1827 w.is elected prof, of political economy, history, and metaphvsies in Wm. and Mary Coll., and in 1836 was made pres. In 1829, he pub. his "Lectures on the Restrictive System." His essay on " Slavery " produced an extraordinary effect upon public opinion, and at the time set at rest the ques- tion of emancipation in Va. He also contrib. to the Southern Lit. Messenger. His most elab- orate work, pub. in N.Y. in 1853, entitled "A Digest of Ancient and Modern History," is a treatise on the history of the world, from the earliest ages to the first French Revolution. In the summer of 1846, hem., and setout with his bride for a short Ear 3pean r, but lived i to reacli Paris. — Appleton. Dewees, William Potts, M.D., phvs- cian, b. Potts Grove, Pa., M.iy 5, 1763 ;"d. Phila., May 20, 1841. Left fatlicrless in early life, and witlmut tlie means of oljtaining an education, Ii.' -■r\.'.\ ■••iw Mm ■ wii'i .m iijioihe- cary, ai- ■. I . <■ ,1 ..■•., •- m ^i • ['. of Pa., aiM •! ■ : I . .::i .: 1 ■ I- ' . ' Hr re- moved I'l 1', I ,1 111 IT'.i ;, 'A ii. 1- • ii,' ...'v ,,:.'<1 him- self csp.ciilly to obstetni'S, and soon acrjuircd a high reputation in this dept., upon which he delivered lectures. In 1812, he relinquished practice on account of ill health, and devoted the 5 ensuing years to fanninu ai T"'l,i: In.-I.u u. success. In 182.5, he wa- > , i wiferv in the U. of Pa., lilM a, aa a i^l, a ,4 in 1834 as principal, bat, his health a-aiii (ail- ing liim, he resigned in 1835. After spending one winter in Cuba, and the following rammer in the North, he settled in Mobile. About a year before his death, he returned to Phila. In 1823, he pub. a vol. of occasional contribs. to the medical journals; in 1825, his "Mid- wifery " and his treatise on " Children " " Diseases of Females " in 1826, and " Prac- tice of Medicine," 1830. — \ViUiani.<:'s Med. Bioij. Dewey, Charles Aug., LL.D. (H. U. 1840) judge Ms. Sup. Court, 1837-66, b. Wil- liamstown, Ms., 13 Mar. 1793 ; d. Northamp- ton, Ms., 22 Aug. 1866. Wins. Coll. ISU. Son of Judge Daniel. He studi-d law with Thco. Sedgewick ; practised in Williamstown in 1814-26; removed to Northampton, and was U. S. dist.-atty in 1830-7. Rochester, N.V., Het 1806. He studied lu 1838), 1850), Coll. ,'ham, JIs rd a tutor in Wms. Coll.; fi 826 was prof, of mathematics iiuiiejour- i:;iuus press. ican .Jonrual of the ablest was aftcr- 1 1810 to tics and natural 1S36 taught the " a- |ninM|ial ol' t!i.. ( (lilrji.iie Inst, at Roches- lei, .\.Y., iiuiii l.viT 1.. ISaii ; and from 1850 to lauu w.is prul. olcbeiiiictry and nat. philos. in the new U. of Rochester. For many years, he was prof of and lecturer on botany and chem- istry in the med. colleges at Pittsfie'ld, Ms., and at Woodstock, Vt. Dr ^^■.■\yf^^- picaehed and taught for more than i ' , n , II • was the author of " Reports on ; II .i> Plants of Ms.," and of many ai ir . - . nals, as well as the sccui.u an.i His botanical papers in the A of Science attracted the European botanists. Dewey, Daniel, judge Ms. Sup. Court from 1814 to his d , 26 Mav, 1815, b. Sheffield, Ms., 29 Jan. 1766. He settled in Williams- town in 1787 ; studied law under Theo. Sedge- wick, anil attained high rank in the prof. ; was a member of the exec, council, and M. C. 181.3-14. Dewey, Orville, D.D., LL.D., clergy- (• I if, man, b. Sheffield, Ms., Mar. 28, 1794. Wms. d ^ ''^m^ Coll. 1814; AndorerSem. 1819. He|^eached^ v. „ 8 months as agent for the Education Society, '"^ : '''•^ and at Gloucester, Ms. ; became a Unitarian ; soon after became an assist, of Dr. Channing, and was pastor of the Unit. Church in New Bedford from Dec. 17, 1823, until his first voy- age to Europe, Jtme, 18.33. " The Old World and the New," 1836, contains the account of his 2 years' visit. Nov. 26, 1835, he was called to the 2d Unit. Church, N.Y., which, during his ministry, built the Clinrcb of the Mes- continued ill health COIN .i:liclraw in 1848 to his paternal i ., i ,,; ~ , .]. Here lie |irepared a coui-.se oi |. !,; a.i a. 'Lowell la.inaa. at Ho.!, a,, .ai ■■ I I,. I',,, au.vf Hu- I.' ■■ .: ' 1' ■ !.,■ - ••.:,■ )r|,rlnci- I ■ I i , . . ..u-ed,in l.-Va la aa. ,;!,.,• I,.l^>l; ..air ) ■ I'he Edu- cation of the Human Raec." Meanwhile, he filled the Unit, pulpit in Albany one winter, and in Washington two. In 1858, he was .again settled as a Unitarian pastorover the society, in Church Green, Boston, from which lie retired in 1862. His first publication was "Letters on Revivals." While in New Bedford, he contrib. much to the Christian Examiner and the N. A. Review. He pub. in 1835 a vol. of sermons. His works have been collected and pub. in 3 vols., N. Y., 1847, and were printed in Loud, in 1844. As a pulpit orator, he was earnest, oriLHiiai. and impressive. DeWitt, CiiAiii.ES, member Old Congress, 178.'!-.a, b. 1 728 ; .1. Kingston, N. Y., Sept. 1787. DeWitt, SI.MEU.V, b. Ulster Co., N.Y., Dec. 25, 1756; d. Albany, Dec. g, 1834. Queen's Coll. 1776. Joining tlie army of Gates, he was present at the surrender of Bur- 269 IDIA. frovne; was assist, geographer to the army, 1778-80; chief geog. in 1780-3, and pveseht at the surrender of Cornwallis ; surveyor-gen. of N. Y., 1784-1834; app. surveyor-gen. of the U. S. in 1796, but declined. From 1798, regent; from 1817, vice-chancellor ; and from 1 829, chancellor, of the State of N. Y. Mem- ber of many literary and scientific bodies. An " Eulogium " on his life and services, by T. Romeyn Beck, was pub., 8vo, Albany, 1835. Author of " Elements of Perspective," 12mo, Albany, I8I3; Map of N. Y., 1804. Dexter, Fe.4,sklin, LL.D. (H. U. 1857), lawyer, b. Charlestown, Ms., Nov. 5, 1793 ; d. Beverly, Aug. 14, 1857. H. U. 1812. Son of Samuel, an eminent lawyer. He established Iiimself at Boston, where he attained a promi- nent rank at the bar; filled many public offi- ces; delivered the 4th of July oration in 1819 before the town authorities ; was a member of the city council in 18^5; a member of both branches of the State legisl. ; was i.i 1836 one of the select committee upon the revised stat- utes; U. S. dist.-attv. 1841 to 1845, and in 1849 was app. by Pres. Taylor U. S. dist.-attv. for Ms. He exhibited great skill and logical acutcness in defence of the Knapps in their trial for the murder of Cn],t. Wlma of Salem, in Is.T\ ,1^ u::-- Tlrii.l W.'.-t i, uli- waicm- plo^..l , ■ ■ . _ ■ v; ■ :,i-.'mi- iienrr ^ , : ^ ■; ,■• I ■ - 1. • ..I.Mlge and ^k;ll i-i ;ii:.".ri.| i;;Ji ::;ri,: --ill litera- ture and general know!cil-e. Dexter, Hexey, sculptor, b. N. Y. Hav- 'lis father, at the age of 1 2 he removed ing and aftenvanl a blaek-in; h. IIi- ,,, :.;-long- ings, however.finally trill! i ' i -: itled in Boston as a portrait ]. i i . miially turned his attention to !■ ,.rij r.i 1 li i^ since executed many tine portrait-lm-ts ami statues. Among them are Pres. Felton, Gov. Wis- ner, Joseph Warren, S. P. Chase, the Govern- ors of 1860, the "Binney Child," "The Back- woodsman," " The Young Naturalist," and " The First Lesson." His studio is at Cam- briilge, Ms. — Tuckerman. Dexter, Henry Martyn, D.D. (Iowa, 1865), i)astor, 1849-67, of what is now the Berkelev-st. Cong. Church, Boston ; b. Plvmo. Co., Ms., 13 Aug. 1821. Y. C. 1840; And. Theol. Sera. 1844. Descended from farmer Thos. I)e.-«crof Lynn, and from Geo. Morton of Plymouth. Pastor of the Franklin-street Church, Jlanchestcr, N.H., 1844-9. He has pub. "Street Thoughts," 1859; "Twelve Dis- courses," 1860; "Future Punishment," and " Congregationalism." Editor of Church's "Philip's War," 1865, and Mourt's "Rela- tion." Now (1871) in Europe, engaged in col- lecting materials for a new history of Old Ply- mouth Colony. In 1851, he became editor of the Congnijationalist, weekly, and in 1858 of the Conq. Quartciiif. Dexter, S.oitTEL, LL.D. (H.U. 1813), an eminent lawyer and statesman, b. Boston, Mav 14, 1761; d."Athens, N.Y.,May4, 1816. ILU. 1781. Son of Samuel, a Rcv'ol. patriot, and benefactor of H.U. He studied law at Wor- cester, but had not been long at the bar, before he was elected to the State legisl., from which he was transferred, first to the house (179-3-5), and then to the senate (1799-1800), of the U.S. Here, during a period of strong party excite- ment, he gained influence and honor by the force of his character and talents, his enlight- ened politics, and his oratory. Ho was app. by Pres. Adams successively sec. of war (1800) and of the treasury (1801 ), and had charge for a short time of the state dept. A foreign em- bassy which was offered him lie declined ; and, on the accession of Jefferson, he returned to the practice of the law. In 1815, Madison tendered him an extraordinary mission to the court o/ Spain ; but he declined the offer. He continued many years to display extraordinary powers in his profession ; having no superior, and scarcely a rival, before the Supreme Court at Washington, in which he appeared every winter in cases of the highest importance. In politics, at first an acknowledged leader of the Federalists, he separated himself from them during the War of 1812, and gave that measure his support. He argned against the validity of the embargo with all his strength, and always maintained the unconstitutionality of tliat measure. He was the first pres. of the first society formed in Ms. for the ])romotion the death of Washington, and pub. a "Letter on Freemasonry ; " " Progress of Science," a poem, 1780; and " Speeches and Political Papers." — See Stori/'s 6Icetch. Dexter, Timothy, known as " Lord Timothy," remarkable for eccentricity, b. Maiden," Jan. 22, 1747; d. Newburyport,' Oct. 22, 1806. He rose from poverty to" affluence ; possessed much acuteness, and was honest in his dealings, but lacked that kind of prudence which so fieqiiently hides bad, and sets off good qiiiihiii- 11 \\,is t.enevolent. By his itch to a||i I r i iicfiuentlyexpo.sedhisigno- rniii ^ i ' '.le for the Knowing Ones" Ili^ \ ni.\ ..I I .'litiited by his assuming tlie title of " Lord." He built a house at New- buryport, adorned according to his own whims. His' biography, bv S. L. Knapp, was pub., Boston, 'l2nio; 1823. Dias (dee'-az), GoxgALVEZ, Brazilian poet, b. Caehias, province of Maranha. 10 Aug. 1823. Studied at U. of Coimbra. Author of " Prim- elros Cantos," Rio, 1846 ; " Se()>indos Cantos," 1848 ; " Leonor de Memloii^a," 1847, and other poems. Diaz del Castillo, Bernal, a Spanish adventurer and chronicler, b. Medina del Campo, ah. 1500. He went to seek his fortune in the New World in 1514, and joined theexpeds. of Cordova in 1517, and Grijalva in 1518. Ho next attached himself to Cortes, whom he served faithfully and valiantly. He was en- gaged in 119 battles and rencounters, and was several times wounded. In 1568, he was reijider of the city of Guatemala. In 1 553, he finished his *^ Historia verdadera de la Conqttesta de la Nucva Espuna," designed to correct the misstatements of Gomara's " Chronicle of New Spain," and to claim for himself and comrades a share of the glory which Gomara gave almost wholly to Cortes It was first pub. at Madrid in 1632. An English translation, l)y Lockhart, appeared in 1844. Wilson's "New History of the Conquest of Mexico " impugns tiie authen- ticity of Diaz's narrative, which lie calls a col- lection of fables. He was a rough, unlettered soldier ; but he describes accurately many in- teresting transactions, and supplies much im- portant information relative to the history of the New World. Dick, James T., artist, b.N.Y. City, 1834 ; d. Brooklyn, L.I., 19 Jan. 1868. Son of A. L. Dick, whose engraving of " The Last Supper " gained him much repute. At the age of 14, he gained most of the prizes awarded by the Man- chester Academy of Design. One of the originators of the Brooklyn Art School, and a founder of the Acad, of Design. Among his best pieces are "Cooling Off," " Le.ap Frog," and " At Mischief." Dick, Dk. Samoel, member of the Old Congress, from N.J., 1783-4; d. N,J., Nov. 1812. Dickens, Asburt, sec U.S. senate, 18.36- 61 ; U. N.C., 1773 ; d. Oct. 23, 1861. Early in life, he removed to Phila. ; afterward spent some years in Europe ; filled a post in the treasury dept. under Sec. Crawford, and was chief clerk of the State dept. under Van Dickerson, Mahlom, statesman, b. Han- over, N.J. , 17 Apr. 1770; d. Suckasunny 5 Oct. 13.i3. N.J. Coll. 1789. Adm. to the bar in 1793, he pract. with reputation in Phila. ; was quarterm.-i,'en. of Pa. in 180.i-8; recorder of Phila., 1808-10. Returning to N.J. in I8I4, he was a member of the legisl. ; judge of the Sup. Court, gov. iind chancellor, 1815-17; U.S. senator, 1818-34 ; sec. U. S. N., 1834-8, and was subsequently, for a few months, a judge of the dist. court of N.J. Pres. Amer. Institute, 1846-8. Though a State'.s-rights Democ, he advoc'ited a protective tariff, and was largely concerned in the mining and manuf of iron in Morris Co. — See Nat. Port. Gall., vol. ill. Dickerson, Philemon, bro. of Mahlon; M.C., 18.33-5 and 1839-41; gov. of N.J., 1836 ; subsequently U.S. dist. judge of N.J. ; b. Morris Co., NJ., 1788; d. Patterson, 10 Dec. 1862. Dickinson, Ansa Elizabeth, orator and reformer, b. Phila., Oct. 28, 1842. Her father died when she was 2 years old ; and she was educated in the Friends' free schools. She read with .ividity, devoting all her earn- ings to the purchase of books, and attending the Iccturesofdisting. orators. Her early days were a continuous struggle with poverty; but her indomitable courage, and willingness to do any thing for an honest living, carried her through. Her first public speech wasat a meet- ing of Progressive Friends in Jan. 1860, to discuss " woman's rights and wrongs ; " and she at once became famous. Her first prepared speech on " Woman's Work" was delivered at Mullica Hill, N.J., in April, 1860. She next taught a school in Bucks Co., at a salary of $25 a month. From Apr. to Dee. 1861, she had a place in the U.S. Mint at Phila., from which she was dismissed for denouncing McClellan in a speech in West Chester. She first spoke in Boston at the Music Hall, in the spring of 1862, on the " National Crisis," and with great effect. In the following winter, she delivered her effective speech on " Hospital Life," at Concord, N.H., and was engaged by the Repnh. committee to make campaign speeches through the State. Her eloquence secured the victory in the ensuing election ; and she was honored by the press and people. A similar result fol- lowed her efforts in Ct., N.Y., andPa. Jan. 16, 1864, at the request of the leading senators and representatives, she spoke in the H. of Repre- sentatives at W.ishington, and gave the pro- ceeds, $1,030, to the Freedmen's Relief Society. This address was repeated in N.Y. and Boston, eliciting high praise. Her reputation was now thoroufrhly established ; and that winter she addressed lyceums nearly every night at 100 dollars per niu'lit. One of licr most powerful and impressive ap]>i':il, iv.i, m id' m the con- vention of Souilicii, I,. . r ,1 ill Sept. 1866. Durin-tliewiM. : . ,-. :! i ■ .,]iiiMl,she spoke wordsoltuudeni',;^ tu liic .-icl.aiiil dying, uttered the highest thought in Amer. politics in the crisis of our history, pointed out the cause and remedy of the war, and unveiled treason in the army and the White House, re- buking without hesitation the iniquity and in- capacity of those in high places. Since the war, she has spoken much upon woman's work and suffrage. She pub. " What Answer ? " IS6S. — Eminent Women of the Arje. Dickinson, Daniel Stevens, LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1858), jurist and statesman, b. Goshen, Ct., Sept. 11, 1800; d. April 12, 1866. He went to Chenango Co., NY , in 1806, edu- cated him.self; was adm. to the bar in 1827, and in 1831 settled at Binghamlon, N.Y. ; State senator in 1837-40 ; e.T-nfficio judge of the Court of Errors, 1836-41, and lieut.-gov. ; pres. of the senate and of said court from 1842 to 1844; U.S. senator, 1844-51. He ranked high as a debater, and took a prominent part in the discussion on the annexation of Texas, Mexican war, and the compromise of 1850. He was chairman of the senate committee on finance. His course on the slavery question placed him at the head of the con.servative or " hunker " Democrats, one of whose candi- dates for the presidency he was in 1852. On the breaking-out of the Rebellion, he devoted his energies to sustaining the govt , addressing public assemblages, advising all to ignore party, and by word and deed to defend the laws and the countrv. At the time of his decease, he was U.S. dist. attv. for N.Y. He had a high reputation as a nisiprius lawyer, was apt at rep- artee, and had a strong vein of humor. His "Life and Works "were pub in 1867, in 2 vols., by his bro. J. R. Dickinson. Dickinson, John, LL.D., (N.J. Coll. 1769), statesman, b. Md., Nov. 13, 1732; d. Wilmington, Del., Feb. 14, 1808. Son of Judge Samuel. He studied law in Phila., and then at the Temple, Lond., and, after his return, practised with success at the Phila. bar. Elected to the Pa. assembly in 1764, he evinced unusual capacities for a legislator, and was, on all occasions, a ready and energetic di bater. At the same time, he became known by his publications upon the attempts of Britain to infringe the liberties of the Colonies. His " Address to the Committee of Corresp. in 271 r>iE Barbailoes," wlio had censured the opposition of the norihein Colonies to the Stamp Act, pub. at Phila , 1766, is an eloquent and digni- fied defence of the Colonies. A deputy to the first Colonial Congress in 1765, its resolutions were drawn up by him. In 1767, he pub. his " Farmer's Letters to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies," repub. in London, with a preface by Dr. Franklin, and subsequently in French, in Paris. In 1774, he published his "Essa3 on the Constitutional Power of Great Britain over the Colonies in America." He was a member of the first Cont. Congress in 1774, and wrote those important State papers, "The Address to the Inhabitants of Quebec," " The Declaration to the Armies," the two petitions to the king, and " The Address to the States." He opposed the Declaration of Independence, as premature, and was one of the few members of Congress who did not sign that instrument. This course made him un- popular at home, and for several years he was absent from the public councils. In Oct. 1777, he was made brig-gen. of Pa. militia. In Apr. 1779, he returned to Congress from Del., and wrote " The Address to the States " of May 26. He was, in 1781— 'i, pros of the States of Del. and Pa. successively, and a member of the convention for framing the Federal Constitu- tion. In 1 788, appeared his " Fabius " Letters, advocating the adoption of the new constitu- tion. Another series, over the same signature, on the relations of the U.S. with France, 1797, was his last work. In 1 792, he was a member of the convention which formed the constitu- tion of Del. His political writings were pub. in 2 vols, in 1801. He was a man of elegant learning and fine conversational powers. Dick- inson Coll., which he founded, and liberally endowed, perpetuates his name and important services to his country. Dickinson, Jonathan, Presb. clergyman, b. Hatfield, Ms., Apr. 22, 1638; d. Elizabeth- town, N.J., Oct. 7, 1747. Y.C. 1706. Grandson of Nath'l, one of the first settlers of Wetbers- field, Ct. He came to Elizabcthtown in 1708, and 29 Sept. 1709, was installed pastor of the Presb. church, where he remained till bis death. The adjoining townships of Rahway, Westfield, Union, Springfield, and part of Chatham, were included in his parish, in which he was also engaged in teaching, and in the practice of medicine. After the separation of the N.J. churches from the synod of Phila., in 1741, a charter for the College of N J. was obtained, the first classes were opened in Elizabethtown ; and Dickinson was elected pres. Oct. 22, 1 746. His high reputation as a preacher and contro- versialist is evinced by his published sermons and theol. treatises. He was one of the ablest champions of Calvinism in this country. He pub. "True Scripture Doctrine," &c., in five discourses, 1741; a 3d ed. of his "Familiar Letters upon Important Subjects in Religion," was pub., Edinb., 12mo, 1757, and acoUect.of many of his writings in the same place, Svo, 179.3. — Sprague. Dickinson, Jonathan, chief-justice of Pa. ; d. 1722. He was a Quaker, came from Jamaica with his family in 1696, and was ship- wrecked in the Gulf of Florida. His pub. ac- count was entitled, " God's Protecting Provi- deuce Man's Surest Help and Defence." Dickinson, Gen. Philemon, Revol. offi- cer, b. near Dover, Del., Apr. 5, 1739 ; d. near Trenton, Feb. 4, 1809. He was educated in Phila. under Dr. Allison, and cultivated a small farm near Trenton, N.J. Entering the army in 1775, he was app. to com the N.J. militia. With about 400 men, he attacked and defeated a large foraging party, Jan. 21, 1777. He com. the militia at the battle of Monmouth. Member of the Old Congress from Del. in \-S-2-S; U.S. senator, 1790-3; member of the commission app. in Dec. 1784 to select a site for the national capital. Dickson, Samdel Henry, LL.D. (N.Y. Coll. 1853), physician, b. €harieston, S.C, Sept. 1798. Y. Coll. 1814. Of Scottish par- entage. His father came to Amer. before the Revol., and fought at the South under Gen. Lincoln. He was in Charleston during the siege, and long afterward ; taiiirht there the school of the S. C. Society, and d. 1819. The son studied medicine at Charleston, and prac- tised there during the prevalence of the yellow- fever in 1817. In 1818-19, he attended the medical lectures of the U. of Pa., grad. in 1819, and at once began practice. In 1823, he delivered a course of lectures on pliysiology and pathology, before the medical students of the city ; the class consisting of about 30. He was instrumental in the establishment of a med. coll. in Charleston ; and on its organiza- tion in 1824, he was called to the chair of insti- tutes and practice of medicine. He withdrew in 1832, but on its re-organization in 1833, as the med, coll. of S.C, he was re-elected. He was prof, of the practice of medicine in the U. of N.Y. from 1847 to 1850, when he resumed his post at Charleston. In 1S58, he was called to the chair of practice of medicine in the Jeff. Med. Coll., Phil.!., which he long filled. He has contrib. many papers to the med. journals of the U.S., and to the periodicals, ami is the au- thor of " Manual of Pathology and Practice of Medicine," N.Y. ; " Essavs on Pathology and Therapeutics," 2 vols., 8vo, N.Y., 1845; es- says on " Life, Sleep, P.ain," &c., Phila., 1852 ; " Elements of Medicine," Phila., 1855. He has also delivered many speeches, lectures, and addresses. He pub. a pamphlet on slavery, originally in a Boston periodical, in which he maintained the essential inferiority of the ne- gro, and the futility of the projects suggested for changing his condition. — Dui/ck-inck. DierevUIe (de-air'-vell), French traveller, b. Pont I'Eveque; d. 1708. He embarked at La Roehelle.Aug. 20, 1699, as supercargo of a vessel bound to Acadia, and landed at Port Royal, Oct. 13, where he remained until Oct. 6, 1700, and reached La Rochelle Nov. 9. He brought many new plants from Amer., among others a shrub with beautiful yellow flowers, which Tournefort has named Dierevilla, and which Linnaeus has classed in the genus Loui- cera, and whicii De Jussicu has re-established as a genus. He pub. an account of his voyage, Paris, I'OS. — NouB. Bla/. Gen. Dieskau (dees'-kOw), LcDWiG August, Baron, a French gen., b. Saxony, 1701 ; d. Surenne, near Paris, Sept. 8, 1767. He first 272 scrveil as a lieut.-col. of cav., under Marshal Saxe, and, after serving in tlio Nether- lands, became in 1748 brig. -sen. of inf., and com. of Brest. Sent to Canada, Feb. 20, 17,55, witli the rank of maj.-gen. With 600 Indians, as many Canadians, and 300 regulars, he as- cended Lake Champlain to attack Fort Ed- ward, which was defended by Gen. Johnson. Defeating a detachment sent to its relief, under Col. Williams, Sept. 8, 1755, he pursued the fngitives, hoping to enter the fort with them. The Indians halted outside iheintrcncliments; tlie attacking force was i-outed and put to flight, and Dieskau, severely wounded, was made prisoner. Exchanged in 176.3, he returned to France, where he received a pension. Dillingham, Paul, lawyer and politician, b. Shutohurv, Ms., Aug. 1800 ; removed with his father to Waterbury, Vt., in 1805; was adm. to the bar of Wash'ington Co. in 1824; was town-clerk of Waterbury in 1 829-44 ; was 18 years justice of the peace ; State's atty. for Wash. Co., 18.35-8; member Const. Conv. in 1836-7; was 6 years a State representative; State senator, 1841-2; M. C. 184.3-7; gov. of Vt., 1865-7. Dillon (de'lon'), AnxHUR, Comte de, a Frencli gen. of Irish descent, b. Braywick, Ire- land, Si-pt. 3, 1750 ; gniliotined at P.tris, April 14, 1794. Son of Henry, Uth Viscount Dil- lon. Named in his infancy col. of ihc regt. Dillon, originally raised by his grandf.uhcr for the service of Louis XIV., he took in 1777 an active and disting. part in the Amer. war ; at its head at the taking of Granada, St. Eusta- tia. Tobasio, and St. Chri^topli.r. After the unfortunate attack upon S,;\ m: ,1i, in wliich he participated, ho wa^ i i i -ivoly gov. of St. Christopher. ■ I . Ii 1, 1780, and ;)mr«'cSa/-rfe-C[!//ii', .1 i i. l,l>l lie served with distinction at YorUtcnvn. lie was 3 years gov. of Tobago ; was a dep. to the States-gen.; com. the army of the North in 1792; opposed the Prussians with success in tlie forest of Argonne under Dnmonriez, and compelled them to evacuate Verdun. De- nounced by his political enemies on the most absurd |)retexts, he was condemned, and suf- fered with great courage. — Nouv. S/07. Gen. Dillon, JoHx B, author, b. Brooke Co., Va., ab. 1807. While an infant, his ftither moved to Belmont Co., O., and d. when John was 9 years old. He then returned to his na- tive county, became a printer, and at 17 went to Cincinnati. While there, he contrib. poeti- cal pieces to the journals. In 1834, he went to Losansport, Ind., where he practised law; in 1842, he puh. "Historical Notes;" in 1845, he ' became State librarian ; has since been identified with popular education in Ind., and its benevolent institutions, and was many years sec. of the State Board of Agric. ; sec. of the Ind. Hist. Society. In 1859, he pub. "A History of Indiana." — Poets and Poetry of the West. Dimick, Justin, brev. brig-gen. U.S.A., b. Ct, West Point, 1819. Entering the art., he be- came capt. Apr. 6, 1835 ; brev. major " for gallant and meritorious conduct in war against Florida Indians," May 8, 1836 ; brev. lieut.- col. " for battles of Contreras and Churu- busco," Aug. 20, 1847; com. P. F. Smith's brigade in battle of Contreras ; brev. col. " for battle of Chapultepec," Sept. 3, '47 ; com. his regt. on the 13th, and at the capture of the City of Mexico ; mnjor 1st Art., Apr. 1, 1850; lieut.-col. 2d Art., Oct. 5, 1857; col. 1st. Art., Oct. 26, 1861; retired 1 Aug. .1863; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865; gov. Sol- dier's Home, near Washington, D.C., since 14 Jan. 1864. D. Oct. 1871, a. 11.— Gardiner. Dinsmoor, Robert, poet, b. Windham, N.H., Oct. 7, 1757; d. there 1836. Of a Scotch Presbyterian family, who came from the N. of Ireland. His father was a soldier in the old French war ; and the son was in the battle of Saratoga. With scanty educa- tion, he became a farmer at Windham, and was a zealous Prcsb. He published at Ha- verhill, in 1828, " Incidental Poems," together with a preface and sketch of the author's life, by Robert Dinsmoor the "Rustic Bard." — Duiickinck. Dinsmoor, Samuel, gov. of N.II. in 1 831- 4, b. Londonderrv, N. H., July 1, 1766; d. Keene, iVIar. 15, 1835. Dartm. Coll. 1789. He was many years a niaj.-gen of militia ; M. C. 1811-13; State counsellor, 1821, aud judge of probate. Dinsmoor, S.^moel, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1851), gov. of N.H., 1849-53, b. Kecne, N.H., May 8, 1799 ; d. there Feb. 24, 1869. Dartm. Col'l. 1814. Son of Gov. Samuel. Adm. to the bar in 1818, and settled at Keene ; after- ward spent some time in Ark. ; was clerk of theN.H. senate m 1826-31. Dinwiddie, Robert, gov. of Va., 1752-7, b. Scotland ab. 1690; d. Clifton, Eng., 1 Ang. 1770. A member of the council as early as 1742. He detected and exposed, while clerk to a collector of customs in the W. Indies, an enormous fraud practised by his prin- cipal, for which he was rewarded with the post of surveyor of the customs of the Colonies, and afterward with the govt, of Va. Under his ad- ministration, the attempt was made to expel the French from the Ohio and Fort DuQuesne, in which Washington first disting. himself, and Braddock fell. He proved himself a zealous and active officer ; discerned the capacity of Washington, whom he app. adj.-gen. of a mili- tary district, and sent as a commissioner to the French com. on the Ohio. In 1754, he sug- gested to the British Board of Trade taxation of the Colonies for funds to carry on the war ; and in 1755 was one of the 5 "colonial govs, who memorialized the ministry to the same ef- fect. He left the Colony in Jan. 1758, " worn out with vexation and age," and charged by his enemies with converting to his own use £20,000 transmitted through his hands as a compensation to the Virginians for the money they had expended beyond their proportion in the public service. Dix, Dorothea Ltnde, philanthropist, b. Worcester, Ms. Her father Joseph was a merchant in Boston, and, after his death in 1821, she supported herself by tcachiiig a select school for young girls in Boston. Hearing of the neglected condition of the convicts at Charles- town State Prison, she visited them,and became deeply interested in the welfare of the unfortu- 2DIX 273 DIX nate and suffering classes, for whose elevation she laboreil uniil 1834; when, her health becom- ing impaired, she gave up her school, and visited Europe, having inherited from a relative suffi- cient property to render Iut independent. She returned to Boston in 1837, and devoted her- self to investigating the condition of paupers, lunatics, and prisoners, encouraged by her friend and pastor, Rev. Dr. Channing, of whose children she had been governess. In this work, she has visited every State of the Union east of the Rocky Mountains, enilr!ivi.rin.r tn per- suade legislatures and inflii. i il i .^^^ In lU to take measures for the rrh i -: li i- i :inil wretched, and greatly in tin : : _ ,. : i;;.la- tion of State lunatic asyluiii.-.. In Aprii, 1SJ4, in consequence of her unwearied exertions, a bill passed both houses of Congress, appropri- ating 10,000,000 acres to the several States for the relief of the indigent insane ; hut the, bill was vetoed by Pres. Pierce, chiefly on the ground that the Genl. Govt, had no constitu- tional power to make such apjiropriations. Jliss I)ix has pub. anonvmously " The Garland of Flora," 18J9 ; and hooks for children. She has also pub. "Prisons and Prison Discipline," 8vo, Boiton, 1845; a variety of tracts for prisoners, and has written many memorials to leyishuive bodies on the subject of lunatic asylums. During the Rebellion, Mi«s D\\ ren- dered service in the hospitals near Washington. — Appleton. Dix, John Adams, LI.D. (Gen. Coll. 18-15), soldicr,lawver,and senator, b. Boscawen, ^n N. II., 24 Julv, l'"98.A Brown U. 18.30. Son of Licut.-Col.'Timo.TOi.\. He studied at the academies at Salisbury and Exeter, N,H., and in a French coll. at"Montrcal; entered the army as ensign in 1S12 ; was adj. of a vol. batt. inlSISj was aide to Gen. Brown in 1819; capt. of art. in 1825, and resigned in 1828. Alter visiting Europe for his health, he settled as a lawyer in Cooperstown, N.Y. ; was sec. of State in 1833, supt. of schools, member of the council, and a canal commissioner ; became a member of the assembly in 1842, and was a U. S. senator in 1845-9. In that body, he bore a part in the discussions on the annexa- tion of Texas, the Mexican war, the Oret;on dispute, and the question of slavery in the Ter- ritories, upon which he expressed the views of the Freesoil Democrats, whose candidate for gov. be was in 1848. He advocated in two speeches a bill for reciprocal freedom of trade with the British Provinces, — a measure which prevailed 6 years later. Postmaster of N.Y. City in I860; sec. U.S. treasury in Jan. -Mar. 1861 ; maj.-gen. U. S. vols. 16 May, 1861 ; com. at Baltimore, and subsequently at Fort- ress Monroe and on the peninsula; 16 Sept. 1862, he received com. of the 7th army corps ; pres. of the Pacific Railroad Co. ; app. by Pres. Johnson minister to the Netherlands, but declined ; app. naval officer of NY,, and was U. S. minister to France in 1867-9. Author of "Resources of the City of N.Y.," 1827 ; "A Winter in Madeira," 1851; "A Summer in Spain and Florence," 1855 ; and " Speeches," 2 vols., 8vo. Dixon, Akchib.\ld, lawver, b. Caswell Co., N. C, 2 Apr. 1802. His grandfather, Col. Henry, received a wound at the bnttle of Eutaw, which caused his death ; and Warren, his father, served gallantly through the war In 1805, he removed to Henderson Co., Ivy., where he received a common scliool education ; studied law; was adm. to the bar in 1824, and soon att.ained high rank as a criminal lawyer; member of the legisl. in 1830 and 1841, of the State senate in 1836; lieut.-gov. in 1843-7, and pres. of the senate; member Const. Conv. in 1841, and U. S. senator, 1852-5. Dixon, Capt. GEORGE.authorof" A Voy- age around the World in 1785-8," 4to, London, 1789; d. ab. 1800. He discovered a number of small islands near the N.W. coast of Amer. Dixon, James, U.S. senator, 1857-69, b. Enfield, Ct., 5 Aug. 1814. Wms. Coll. 1834. Son of Judge Wm., in whose office ho read law. Adm. to the bar ; member State legisl. in 1837-8, '44; State senator, 1849-54; M.C. 1845-9. Resident of Hartford. Conlrib, of poems to the N. E. Mac/a^ine and the Ct. Cou- rani. His wife, the daii. ol Rev. Jona. Cogs- well,d. June, ISll. — See Everest's Foetsof Ct.; Ea,„„a;. Dixon, Joseph, inventor, d. Jersey Citv, N, J., June 14, 1869, a. 71. Before he was 21, he made a machine to cut files, afterward learned the printer's trade, that of wood-en- graving, then lithography, and became a thor- ough chemist, optician, and photographer. He was prn'iiMv thi- fir-t person to take a portrait by til' ^ in I 11 ii-t used the reflector so apjjear reversed. ive with wooden )iay. t ; all the banks having He perfected the system of making collodion for the photographers, and aided Mr. Harrison in the mode of grinding len.scs lor common tubes. He is tlie lather of the steel-melting business in this country; is widely known as the originator of the plumba- go crucible, as now made; and his establish- ment in Jersey Citv is the largest of the kind in tlie world Dixwell, Col. John, regicide ; d. New Haven, Mar. 18, 1689, a. 81. Upon the west siile of the monument placed over his remains in 1849, by a descendant, is the following in- scription : " Here rests the remains of John Di.xwELL, Esq., of the Priory of Folkestone, in the County of Kent, Eng,, of a family long prominent in Kent and Warwickshire, ami himself possessing large estates and much in- fluencein his country. He espoused the popular cause in the revol. of 1640. Between 1640 and 1660, he was col. in the army, an active member of four parliaments, thrice in the council of State, and' one of the high court which tried and condemned King Charles the First. At the restoration of the monarchy, he was compelled to leave his country, and, after a brief residence in Germany, came to New Haven, and here lived in seclijsion, but enjoy- ing the esteem and fricrd>hip of the most worthy citizens till his death." He resided in New ITnven under tlie name of John Davids. — See ^ti/fis's Jitdtjes. Doane, Augustus Sidney, M.D., physi- cian, li. Boston, Apr. 2, 180S; d.of ship-fever, Sialen Inland,. Tan. 27, is.v.>. II. T^ is-j.v He medi- rwas^MMM'^rorphysiul !''v"'in tlie a of' N.Y., tthich he soon rcsi-nei physician of the marine hos| wassn,.c.r-ededinIS4.'!;pract l'?wai [lital, i ised hi . app. ehief n wiiieh he s ].rofession until IS.Vi, wlien lie was a health-oftirer. He edited " M.'dirin,.;" tran-lato,! - Ma e.T,-"OnpL.ytren'sS„:, :v ulons Diseases," "13avl,. !' "B!andin'sTo|ios. .\ii i' : seco.H flood': 1 time app. > .Studv of on Midwif- j'.I'vScrof- " 'i: ;.| ..ns'v- ed," and to sundry nieciieal journ:d>. — &e Bioq. Notice ill the Iiiternat. Maij. v. 427. Doane, George Wash., D.D., LL.D., Pr.-Ep. bishop of N. J , b. Trenton, N. J., Mav 27, 1799 ; d. Rurlin;;ton, N. J., Apr. 27, 1859. Un. Coll 1818. Adm. to holv orders in 1S21 ; lie officiated .3 vearsiu Trinitv Church, N.Y. ; in 1824, was first prof of rhetoiic and belics-l.ttn , in Wash. Coll.. Hartford ; in 182S becan,.' a-ist, mini. icr. and then recfor.of Trin- ity Clmrrh, 1!m,,u„, where he continued to of- crated bishop ; removed to Burlington, and became rector of St. Mary's Church in that city. In pursuance of a system of Christian education for females, in 1837 he established St. Mary's Hall, a boarding-school for girls. In 1846, he founded Burl. Coll., under a char- ter from the State legisl. Bishop Doane's theol. controversies were frequent. He visit- ed Eng. in 1841 ; and in 1842 a vol. of his ser- mons was pub at London. In 1824, he pub. early poems, entitled " Songs liy the Way, chiefly Devotional, with Translations and Imi- tations." His Life has been written by his son W. C. Doane, who has also edited his "Poeti- cal Works, Sermons, and Miscellaneous Writ- ings," 4 vols., 1860. — Dui/chinclc. Dobbin, James Cochrane, lawyer, sec. U.S.N., 185.3-7, h.Favetteville, N.C., 1814; d. there 4 Aug. 1857. U. of N.C. 1832. A suc- cessfnl pr.actitioner at the Favetteville bar ; M. C. 1845-7 ; member of the legisl. 1848,'50, '52, and speaker in 1850, and instrumental in tlie Bait. Conv. of 1852 in securing for Mr. Pierce the Demoe. nomination for the presiden- cy. Dobbs, Arthur, gov. of N.C, Nov. 1, 1754-1765, b. Ireland, 1684; d. Town Creek, N.C, March 28, 1765. He was a man of let- ters ; of liberal views; had been a member of the Irish parliament, and disting. for his at- tempts to discover the north-west passage. He adopted conciliatory measures toward the In- dian tribes; but his adm. was a continued con- test with the legisl. on unimportant matters, displaying, on his part, an ardent zeal for royal prerogative, and an indomitable resist- ance on the part of the Colonists. Author of " An Account of the Countries adjoining to Hudson's Bav,"4to, Loud., 1748; "Tradeand Improvement of Ireland." 8vo, Dublin, 1729, and " Capt. Middleton's Defence," Svo, 1744. — Wlieeln-rS N. C. Dobson, Thomas, author and bookseller ; d. Phila., March 8, 1823. Author of "Letters on the Character of the Deity and the Moral State of Man," 2 vols , 12moi 1807. Dod, Albert Baldwin, D.D. (U. of N.C. 1844), scholar and divine, b. Mcndliam, N J., March 24, 1805 ; d. Piinceton, N..v, 2(i, 1S45. N.J. Coll. 1822. Son of Daniel, mivlianirian. He passed 4 years teaching in ^'a., cntriiil same time tutor in N.J. Coll. Licensed to preach in 1828 by the N.Y. ]ireslivterv. In 18.30, he was elected prof of mathematics in the coll , and, for a few years previous to his death, he lectured on arcliitecture and political economy, in addition to the instruction of his proper dept. His articles in the Bihlind Reperlor/i, particularly that on capital punishment, in April, 1842," on phre- nology in April, 1838, attest his ability in han- dlingpraclicalsiiKjccts. Theformerarticlewas adopted by iln . .. ninii!,,- of the N.Y. legisl. as their r. i . ■ , i ; ,!, as a public docu- ment. If liiplaincy and profes- sorship i.t in.ail |.iii:M.n|,liy at"West Point Acad. .Soinc ol l>i. Dod's admirable pro- ductions have been collected in a volume en- titlcil " Piinceton Essavs." — Spraqne. Dodd, James B., "mathematician, b. Va., 1807. C'liosen prof, of matliem., nat. philos., and astronomy in the Centen. Coll., Miss., 1841, in Transylv. U. 1846; pres. pro tern. 1849-55. Author of arithmetics, algebras,and elements of geometry and mensuration. Con- trib. to Qmrteily Rev. of the M. E. Church South. — Allihone. Dodd, Marv Ann Hanmer, poet. b. Hart- ford, Ct., Mar. 5, 1813. Has contrib. many poetical piecesof great merit to" The Hermene- thena," the "Ladies' Repository," and "The Rose of Sharon." A vol. of her poems was pub. Hartford, 1843. — AUiltone. Doddrige, Ret. Joseph, Pr.-Ep. clergy- man, and pioneer of Western, Va., b. Pa., 1769 ; d. Wellsburg, Va., Nov. 1826. Bro. of Philip. Educated at Jeff. Acad., Canons- burg, Pa. Old. by Bishop White in 1792. Author of "Notes on the Settlement and In- dian Wars of the West. Country in 176.3-83," 12mo, 1824 ; and Logan a dramlit. piece, 1823. Doddrige, Philii-. I.iwvcr and politician, b. Brooke Co., Va., 1772: d. Washinmon, Nov. 19, 1832. In his youth, he worked on a farm on the Ohio River, but was sent to school at 16. After a voyage down the Mpi. on a flat- boat, he studied law, and soon gained a brilliant local reputation. Delegate from Brooke Co. to the Va. legisl. in 1815, and was a member for some years. In the Const. Conv. of 1829- 30, he was the acknowledged leader of the party in favor of the white basis of represen- tation. His success in parliamentary conflicts was due solely to close reasoning, thorough knowledge of the subject, great energy of manner, and a wonderful command of lan- guage. M.C 1829-32, and was then engaged in codifying the laws for the Dist. of Columbia. Dodge, Grenville M., inaj.-gen. vols., b. r)or) 275 Danvers, Ms., Apr. 12, 18.31. Ediicnted at Capt. Partiiili;e's milit.arv acnd. in Norwich, Vt. He in 1851 rcmoviif to III., wliere, until 18.54, he was employed in railroad surveys. Ho was afterward similarly engaged in Iowa, prosecuting his surveys west of'the Missouri as far as the Rocky Mountains. In 1861, he was sent by the gov. of Iowa to Washington to procure arms and equipments for the State troops June 17, ho w.is made col. 4th la. vols. He served in Mo. in 1861, and in Feb. 1862, with Gen. Curtis in Ark. AtPeaRidge, he com. a brigade on the extreme right, and, tliough severely wounded in the side, kept the field until the final rout of the enemy. For his gallantry liere, he was made brig. -gen. fjom Mar. 31. In June, he took com. of the dist. of the Mpi., and superintended the reconstruc- tion of the Mpi. and O. Railroad. Earlv in 18G3, ho made a raid into Northern Ala. "His gallantry at Sugar Valley, May 9,andResaca, May U'and 15, 1864, secured for him the rank of m.nj.-gen. June 7, 1864. Wounded at At- ianra. He suiiscqucntly com. the 16th corps in Sherman's Georgia campaign. He succeeded Rosecrans in com. of the dept. of the Mo. in Dec. 1864. JI.C. from la. 1867-9. Dodge, Gen. Henri, b. Vincennes.Ind., Oct. 12, 1782; d. Burlington, la., June 19, 1867. Son of Israel, Revol. officer of Canter- bury, Ct. Hecom. acompany of vols, in 1812 ; was maj of Mo. militia in 1813 ; waslieut.col. com. Mo. mounted inf. from Aug. to Oct. 1814; col. of Mich, mounted vols. Aprlto July, 1832 ; com. in attack on Indians at Piekatolika. June 15, 1832; successful in making peace with the frontier Indians in 1834, and in 1835 com. an important exped. to the Rocky Mountains. Maj. U.S. Rangers, June 21, 1832 ; col. 1st U.S. Dragoons, Mar. 4, 1833 ; gov. Wis. Terr, and supt. Indian afl'airs, July 4, 1836 to 1841, and 1845-8; deleg. to Congress, 1841-5; U.S. senator, 1849-57. As an Indian fighter, he had no su])erior. A sword and the thanks of the nation were voted him by Congress. Father of Senator Aug. C. Dodge. Dodge, Mary Abigail (Gail Hamilton), authoress, b. Hamilton, Ms., ab. 1838. Her father was a farmer. She taught school in Hartford, Ct., and was afterwards governess in the family of Dr. Gamaliel Bailey of Wash- ington, D.C., to whose paper she was a contrib. She has been a frequent contrib. to the Atlantic Monthlij, and to Harjxr's Bazar, and has pub. " Country Living and Country Thinking," 1862 ; "Gala Days," 1863 ; "A New Atmos- phere," 1864 ; " Stumbling-Blocks," " Summer Rest," " Skirmishes and Sketches," "Battle of the Books," 1870; "Red Letter Days," " Wool Gathering," " Woman's Wrongs, a Counter-irritant," 1868. Dods, John Bovee, b. N.Y., 1795. Has pub. "30 Sermons," 8vo ; " Philos of Mes- merism," 1847 ; " Philos. of Electrical Psychol- ogy ; " "Immortality Triumphant," "Spirit Manifestations Examined and Explained," N.Y., 18.54. Doles, George E . brig.-gen. C.S.A. ; killed near Cold Harbor, Va., June 2,1864, a. 34. Entering the 4th Ga. Inf. as capt., he was soon its col., and Nov. 1, 1862, was made a brig.-gen., and at his death com. a div. in Eweli's corps. Dombey, Joseph, a French naturalist, b. Meaux, 1742; d. Apr. 1793, in the Prison of Montserrat. He studied medicine at Mont- pclier, and in 1778-85 travelled in S. Amer. He traversed Peru, Chili, &c., discovered mines of gold and quicksilver, and had many romantic adventures. In 1793, he was sent on a mission to the U.S., but was taken by privateers, and imprisouid in Montserrat. He pub. a herbal, including 60 new species of plants of Chili and Peru ; and his contribs. to the Museum of Natural Historv at Paris were very consider- able. — Cay. Unh. Donaldson, Edwards^, capt. U. S. N., b. Md,, Nov. 7, 1816. Midshipm. Julv 31, 1835; lieut. Oct.23, 1847; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866. Attached to frigate " Columbia," and in the attacks on fortson the coastof Sumatra, 1839 ; com. steamer" Scioto," W. Gulf, squad., at passage of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, and Vickshurg batteries; com. steamer '• Keystone State," N. A. block, squad., 186.3-4 ; com. steamer " Seminole," at the bat- tle of Mobile Bay, Aug. 5, 1864. — flamersli/. Donelson, " Andrew Jackson, soldier and diplomatist, b. Tenn., 1799; d. Memphis, Tcnn., 26 June, 1871. West Point, 1820. Aide-decamp to Gen. Jackson, 1820-1, and his private sec. from Mar. 1829 to Mar. 1837 ; charrj€-d' affaires to Texas, 1844-5; envoy- extr. and minister plenipo. to Prussia, 1846 to 1848, and to Germany, 1848-9. Editor of Washinqton Union, 1851-2; candidate of the Amcr. Party for vice-prcs, 1852 ; cotton-planter in Bolivar Co., Mpi, in 1822-65; lawyer in Memphis, 1865-71. — Culluin. Donkin, Robert, an English gen., b. Mar. 19, 1727; d. Clifton, near Bristol, Mar. 1821. Ho entered the service in 1746 ; was at the siege of Belleisle in 1761 ; subsequently served in Flana,;i... ul K I He soon returned,' was arrested, tried, convicted of high treason, and sentenced to impri.sonmcnt for life, but was pardoned in 1847; and in 1853 tbe legisl. re- stored to him his civil rights, and ordered the record of his sentence to be expunged. He lived to see his State under a liberal constitu- tion, and his party in legal possession of the govt. Dorsey, John Sv^ m ii m' of Pa. 1802), physician, b. I'n i li , 1733; d. Nov. 12, i818. He ) : I ,il educa- tion, and studied mt'l I - ,iiiveDr. Physick. Theyellow-I v ■ [..Mredin Phila., and becamesii |., ! ,i ; i hospital was opened towliich !i 1. nt pby- 1 home 1807 elected adjunct prof, of surgery, which he held till he succeedetl to the chair of materia medica in 1816. He delivered 2 courses of lectures upon this subject, when he was made prof, of anatomy. He opened the session with great eloquence ; but, on the evening of the same day, he was attacked with a fever, which in one week terminated his existence. As a snrgeon and as a teacher, he was highly accomplished. Besides contribs. to the Portfolio, and other periodicals, and an edition of Cooper's Surgery DOXT in the notes, he pub. " Elements of Surgery," ill 2 vols., 181.3.— Gross's Med. Blocj. Dorsey, Thomas Beale, lawyer and ju- rist, b Aid., Ort. 17, 17SU ; il. Doc. 26, 18J5. gen. oi ■ -- i , - , ! . I i|, lie Dostie, 1>K. Antho.vv 'p., titi/.en of N. Orleans, b. Saratoga Co., N.Y. ; d. Aug. .^, 1866, from wounds received from the mob in that city, July 30. A barber by trade. His fondness for study soon made him prominent. He practised dentistry for some years in Chi- cago with success, but removed to N. Orleans, where his honest and genial nature won him manyfriends. The fearless rx|ires-iim ot'loMtl the intense hate of the di^luyal, while it |'1m- cured for him, on the ro-oi-.iiiiz.aioii ol tjo govt.of La., the app. of auditor, — a post he filled with credit and ability. The Const. Conv. of 1864 re-assembled at the call of its pres. in the spring of 1 806. The mob, which, July 30, broke up this convention, sought out Dr. Dos- tie as one of its first victims, and, though un- armed, he was shot, and beaten till he was sup- posed to be dead, and tin-own into a cart with the dead bodies of the other victims of the mob. — See Memoir of Dostie, by Emilt/ H. Reed, 1868. Doty, James Ddane, gov. of Wis., 1841- 4, b. N.Y , 1800; d. Salt Lake City, June 13, 1865. Early iu life he removed to vVis. Terr., whence he was sent a delegate to Con^rress in 18.39-41, and was M.C. in 1849-53. He was also for many years U.S. judge for Mich , the Rebellion. Lieut.-col. 17th Inf., 20 Sept. 1864 ; col. 35th Inf., Sept. 15, 1867. — Cdlam. Doubleday, Edwaud, an English nat- uralist, b. 1810; d. Loud., 1849. After mak- ins; a tonr of tlie US., he pub. a paper on the "Natural Histoi y nf N. Amer.," and was app. one of the curators of tiio British Museum. He has contrih. to science the results of his researches concerning butterflies, in a work " On the Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera." He also wrote on ornithology, entomology, and zoology in the Entomological Magazine, and elsewhere. — Appleton. Doughty, Thomas, landscape-painter, b. Phila., July 19, 1793 ; d. N.Y., July 24, 1856. Apprenticed to a leather manuf., he afterward carried on the business on his own account. His taste for art, however, induced him in his 28th year, contrary to the advice of his friends, to bcionie a [niintir. He bud pnvioiisly at- tn.JI.I-l a !-a II,, am, J, lllml a,,.! Jia^l leCeived a,|a,,!. i'- II, • . . . 1 I II. I •: ,l,„.';n^. He la-a,-!-, I II . I 1..;. ^ ,■. I •■ II, , . a, in the ■ a i'.. =, bu llpt. Affa 51-3, Utah from 1863 until his death. — 6'ee Memoir, by A. G. Ellis, in Colls. Wis. Hist. Soc., v., 369. Doubleday, Abseb, brev. maj.-gcn. U.S.A., b. Ballsion Spa, N.Y., June 26, 1819 West Point, 1842. He was a civil engineer from 1830 until 1838 ; served during the Mexi- can war in the 1st Art., of which he became 1st lieut. in 1847 ; capt. 3 Mar. 1855. From 1856 to 1858, he served against the Seminole In- dians, and was at I'ort Moultrie until its evac- uation, Dec. 26, 1860; when the garrison withdrew to Fort Sumter. The first gun on the side of the Union was fired by him, April 12, 1861. In June, 1861, he joined Gen. Pat- terson in Pa., and was made maj. 17thlnf, 14 May. He was put in coin, of a battery, and afterward had charge of the defences on the right bank of the Potomac, near Washington. Feb. 3, 1862, he was made brig.-gen. vols., and placed in com. of the forts on the north bank of the Potom.ac. In the battle of Antietam, ho com. a division in the 1st army corps. Gen. Hooker, and on the fall of Reynolds, Hooker's successor, at the battle of Gettysburg, took com. of the corps. Maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; engaged in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chan- ccllorsville; in the Pa. campaign, June-July, 1863; brev. brig.-gen. and maj.-gen. USA., 13 Mar. 1865, for gallant and merit, services in pour. He enjoyed high repute as a landscape- painter. Among his best pictures are "Peep at the Catskills," " View on the Htidson," "Lake Scene," " Old Mill," "Near the Del- aware Water Gap," and " Scene on the Sus- quehanna." Douglas, David, a British botanist, b. Scone, Scotland, 1798; d. July 12, 18.34. While a laljorer in the Glasgow Botanic Garden, he attracted the notice of Dr. Hooker, who procured for him an app. as botanical collector to the Honic. Soc. of Lond. In this capacity, he travelled extensively in Amer. ; in 1824 explored the Columbia River and Cal., and in 1827 traversed the continent from Fort Van- couver to Hudson's Bay. He made a second visit to the Columbia in 1829, and afterward Avcnt to the Sandwich Islands, where he fell into a pit, and was killed. Through his agency, 217 new species of phmts were introduced into Eng. He collected 800 specimens of the Cali- fornia flora. A gigantic species of pine, which he discovered iu Cal., is named after him, Pinus Voiir/lassii. — Ap/iUton. Douglass, David Bates, LL.D. (Y.C. 1S41), scholar, b. Pompton, N.J., Mar. 21, 1790; d. Genev.a, N.Y., Oct. 19, 1849. Y.C. 1813. App. lieut. of engineers U.S.A., he joined Gen. Prown in 1814; took part in the battle of Lundy's Lane ; repaired Fort Erie under the guns of the enemy, and at its assault com. a battery with such skill and gallantry, that he was brev. capt. Prof, of mathematics, and afterward of cn^'inccriug at West Point, with rankofm.njor.un till 831, and subsequently, as a civil engr., was employed upon the Croton Water Works, Morris Canal, Greenwood Cemetery, the All)any Cemetery, and the Protestant Cemetery at Quebec. App. prof, of architecture in the U. of N.Y. in 1832; pres. of Kcnyon Coll., O., in 1840-4; and in 1848-9 prof mathematics and nat. pbilos. at Geneva Coll. In 1845, he delivered a course of lectures at N. Haven on the Niagara cam- pai-n. Douglass, Frederick, orator and jour- nalist, b. Tuekahoe, near Easton, Md., ab. 1817. 278 I50-W Uis mother was a negro slave, and his father a white man. Until the ajreof 10, he was a slave on the plantation of Col. Edward Lloyi u.nt to Kuropo, and lectured on slavti v iu nrai Iv ;ill ihe large towns of Great Britniii," In Is Ml, Ins Irionds in Eng. contrib. £150 to l.n.v liini fn.ni his cluiniaut in Md., and have him mniHiinittcd in clue form. On his return to the U.S. in 1847, he hegan at Rochester, N.Y., the pnl.li.atioii ot Fr.derick Douglass's Paper, a. sw My jmirniil llidugh formerly a Garrisoniau iliMiiiinnist, lir w- nounced disunionism at a I an r |. i i<"l, anil took the ground that slavery was ill. gal and iincain- stitutional. In 1S55, he rewrote his biography under the title of " My Bondage and My Free- dom " Became editor of the National Era at Washington, Sept. 1870. Douglas, Stephen Arnold, senator, b. Brandon, Rutland Co., Vt., 23 Apr. 1813; d. Chicago, 3 June, 1861. He worked at cabinet- making ; studied in an acad. at Canandaigua, N.y., in lS.30-3; then studied law; settled in Jacksonville, III., in Mar. 1834, where he was an auctioneer's clerk, and taught school until his admission to the bar. Soon attaining a lucrative practice, he became an active politician and Democ. orator, his small stature procuring him the title of "The Little Giant." Atty.- gen. of the State, and member of the legisl. in 1835; app. register of the land office at Springfield in 1837 ; chosen see. of the State of 111. in Dec. 1840; judge of the III. Sup. Court in 1841-3; M.C. 184.3-7, and prominent in the Oregon controversy ; an advocate of the annexation of Texas, and a vigorous promoter of the Mexican war; U.S. senator, 1847-61. As chairman of the house committee on ter- ritories, he reported the joint resolution declar- ing Texas to be one of the U.S. In the senate, he supported Clay's compromise measures of 1850, maintaining that Congress should not interfere in relation to the extension of slavery in the Territories, but that the people of each should be permitted to decide whether it should be a free or slave iState. Of this " Popular Sovereignty "doctrine, Douglas was the reputed author. As chairman of the territorial com- mittee, he reported in Jan. 1854 the celebrated bill to organize the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska, which was passed, and by which the Missouri Compromise was repealed, po- litical parties revolutionized, and intense ex- citement produced in the free States. In the Nat. Democ. Conv. of 1856, Buchanan and Douglas were the rival candidates ; the former receiving on the 16th ballot 168 votes to 121 for Douglas. In IS57, he denounced and ably opposed the admission of Kas. under the Lecompton (fraudulent) Constitution, and was thus involved in a controversy with Pres. Bu- chanan. In 1858, after an exciting and memo- rable contest between Douglas and Abraliam Lincoln for the U.S. senatorship, during which joint discussions were held in various places, Mr. Douglas was again elected. Remarkably successful in promoting the local interests of Illinois: the construction of the 111. Central Railroad was due principally to him. He favored the acquisition of Cuba whenever that island could be obtained consistently with the laws of nations and the honor of the U.S. In I860, he was the candidate of the Democ. party of the North for the presidency, and received a very large popular vote, though he had but 12 electoral votes. After the Rebellion began, he supported the govt, iu eflbrts to suppress it. He m. 1st Martha D., dau. of Col. Robert Martin of N.C. ; 2d, Adele, dau. of J. M. Cutts, second comptroller of the treasury. Douglass, William, M.D., physician and author, b. East Lothian, Scotland, ah. Ki'.il ; .1. Boston, Oct. 21, 1752. After receiv- iiii; lii^ |irofes.sional education at Paris and LrydLii, he settled at Boston, 1718. He was a violent antagonist or" Dr. Boylston, in his ef- forts to introduce inoculation. His learning was considerable ; but his prejudices were strong, and he larked judgment and taste. He wrote many political essays in the newspapers, which were generally tilled with sarcastic re- marks upon the magistr.ites, the clergy, the physicians, and the people of N.E. His " Sum- mary or Historical Account of the British Settlements," pub. in 1748 and 1753, is inaccu- rate, and records his private squabbles as well as public aftairs. He pub. an almanac in I74-'i, '44, called *^ Mercurius xVoi'«»'///'w;i-,v," lu- U'il- liam Nadir, S.X.Q., still valuta l-r it. li-t of chronological events; also some mnlical ilis-ii-- tations. A town in Worcester Co., JIs., of which he was a proprietor and benefactor, bears his name. — Timelier. Douglass, Col. William, a Revol. pa- triot, b. 1741 ; d. March 27, 1777. He was an officer in the French war, until the taking of Quebec; subsequently disting. himself in the Revol. struggle as com. of a flotilla on Lake Champlain; in the siege and capture of St. John's in 1775, and in taking a large number of prisoners, arms, ammunition, and stores from the enemy. He was commissioned, June 20, 1775, col. of a regt. from N. Haven Co , which took a prominent part in the battle of Long Island, and disting. himself at the battles of New York, Harlem, White Plains, and skir- mishes with the enemy about N.Y. in 1776, in one of which he received his death-stroke. DoW; Lorenzo, an eccentric Methodist preacher' b. Coventry Ct., Oct. 16, 1777; d. Georgetown, D.C., Feb. 2, 18.34. Adopting the doctrines of the Methodists in the spring of 1796, against the wishes of his family became an itinerant preacher. His youth and eccen- tricity long prevented his recognition by the Methodist conference; but he finally received a regular license to preach, and, in spite of con- tumely and rebuffii and hardships of all kinds, persevered for nearly 40 years, with enthusi- asm, and often with astonishing effect. He trav- elled over Eng. and Ireland, and almost every part of the U.S., and is said to have preached 279 to more persons than anv other man of his time. His wife Pc-.irv, to v dioin he was m. in 1804, accomp. him in all his pcreRrinations. Uow'seeccntricily of mann nT and dress long excited apnjudicc a-ain^t liini; and in many parts of the counliv \k- wn. s faniiliarlv known as " Crazy Dow." 'Hi^ i.m nial and 'iniscella- neous w.itin-s was pai'.. i n X.Y., 18.36, 8vo, cd. by Dr. Duwlin-; "Experience and Trav- els in Europe and America, and Polemical Writings," Cincin., 18.51 ; " A Short Account of a Long Tiavel," 8vo, 1823, Phila. Dow, Neal, reformer, b. Portland, Me., 1803. Of Quaker parentage. Ho was bred to commercial and manufacturing pursuits. Has twice been mavorof Portland, and served in the state legisl., where lir iiiinHhirrd the fa- mous prohiliitory " Jlaiiir l,li|U'.i 1,;|W." App. col. I3th Me. vols. Dcr.:!l, lM,l,lir puiird lien. Butler's expcd. against \ (lilian, was app biig.-gen. Apr. 28, 1862, and com. a brigade in the dept. of the Gulf. Made prisoner near Port Hudson, Julv, 1863. Dowler, Bennkt, M.D. (U.of Md. 1827), physician and physiologist, b. Ohio Co., Va., April 16, 1797. He practised his jn'ofession many years in New Oilcans; and in March, 1854, began there tlie Mtdical and Surgical Journal. He is noted for his experiments upon the human body soon after death, the results of which were given to the world in a series of essays in 1843-4. These researches of Dr. Dowler have won for him a wide reputation. — Ap/ihtoii. Dowling, John, D.D., a successful writer Mil r s dicj:. : ' : I. |.'i I-," •■r.\]i..-inon of the l'in|.j. li , ir.nt th- I'roir.hiiit Scrip- tures," l.i;, " il..,iurv of Koui.uiiani," 8vo, 184.5; "Power of Illustration," &.C. Edited Conference Hymn-Book, Baptist Noel's work on Baptism, works of Lorenzo Dow, Conycr's Middleton on the Conformity of Popery and Paganism, Memoir of the Mis- sionary Jacob Thomas, and a translation from the French of Dr. Cote's work on Roman- ism.— J/Mohc. Downes, Johs, commo. U.S.N. , b. Can- ton, Ms., 1784 ; d. Charlestown, Aui;. 11, 1854. He entered the navy June 1, IS02 1 served in the frigate "New York," in the Tripolitan war, and was specially disting. in the attack on Tripoli; lieut. March 6, 1807. He cruised with Porter in the Pacific, and in com. of the " Essex, junior," a captured whaler of 16 guns, did immense injury to the enemy. Master- com. June 24, 1813. While com. " The Eper- vicr," in Decatur's Mediterranean squad., he caiitnrcd, June 17, 1815, the Algerino frigate "Nashouila." Capt. March 5, 1817; com. "The Macedonian," in the Pacific in 1819-21 ; "The Java" in tlie Mcdit. in 1828-9, and from 1832 to 1834, the squad, in the Pacific Ocean. Feb. 5, 1832, he punished the natives of Quallah Baitoo for outrages upon Ameri- can seamen. Com. of Charlestown navy-yard in 1837-42 and 18.50-2. He com. in the' Pa- cific during the civil wars of the republics in 1847-8, rendering signal service in i)rotecting our commerce. His son John A. Dowses, commander U.S.N., d. N. Orleans, Sept. 20, 1865. Entered the navy in 1837, and during the Rebellion com. the gunboat " Huron," and the monitor " Nahant." Downie, Georgb, a British commo., b. Ross, Ireland ; killed in the naval action on Lake Cbamplain, Sept. II, 1814. The son of a clergyman. He early entered the navy, was in the battle of Camperdovvn ; served afterward in the W. Indies ; after seeing much service, he was made a com., and placed in com. of the fleet on the Lakes of Canada in 1812. He com. the squadron in the battle of Lake Champlain, where he was killed while gallant- ly fighting the fleet of Macdonough. His ves- sels were poorly manned, and inferior in wciijht of metal. — Morgan. Downing, Axdkew Jacicson, horticul- turist, 1.. Ncwhurgb, N.Y.,Oct. 31, 1815. His death was occasioned by his philanthropic ef- forts to save the passengers of the burning steamer " Henry Clay," on the Hudson, July 28, 1852. Fond of the natural sciences, in his boyhood, he devoted himself assiduously to their study. His natural taste was of the highest order; and his scientific knowledge en- abled him to convert all he learned to practical uses, — to enhancing the comforts, and adding 10 the embellishments, of rural life. The rural embellishments surrounding the Smith- sonian Institute were planned by him, and many private residences, as well as public insti- tutions, present evidences of his skill and culti- vated taste. Besides his treatises on " Fruit and Fruit-Trees," 1845, "Landscape Gar- dening," 1841, 8vo, " Architecture of Conntry Houses," 1850, and " Cotm ■■ K. ,i I. tirr^," 1842, he was a frequent (011:1 , 1.1 |.ii odieal press; and the Ilorlim : ; id by himself, was unequalled in il, ue.iiiiijia uf the topics coming within its ra he wrote •' Additional Notes an sons about Building in this Con of Mrs. Loudon'; A Memoir of him Hints to Per- itry." Editor ■ Gardening for Ladies." , Geo. Wni. Curtis, and a " Letter to his Friends," by Miss Bremer, were prefixed to a collection of his contribs. to the Uorliciillurist, pub. in 1854, entitled " Rural Essays." Downing, Sir Geouge, son of Emanuel Downing, a lawyer, who cmig. in 1638 to Salem, Ms., b. bid,lin,'l624;d. E. Ilatlcy, Cambridge- shire, 1684. H.U. 1642, the first class. His father represented Salem in the Gen. Court in 1638-43. His mother was Lucv, si-stcr of Gov. .John Winthrop. Returning to Eng. in 1645, he was a preacher among the Independents ; ch.aplain to Col. Okey's regt. in Cromwell's army, and, in 1653, commissary-gen. and scoutmaster-gen. to the army in Scotland ; M.P. for a Scottish borough in 1054 and 1656, and agent in Holland in 1658-60. Turning royalist, he was knighted by Charles II., May 21, 1660 ; became, at the restoration, M.P. for Morpeth in 1061, and was again made envoy- cxtr. to Holland. Here he caused the arrest of Cols. Okey and Barkstcd, and Miles Corbet, 3 of the judges of Charles I., who were sent to Eng., and executed ; for this act, he was rcproljated by all honorable men. Through his principal agency, the New Netherlands were 280 wrested from the Du afteiwaid sec. of llie I of the July 1 Holla,, tch, and annexed to the IS New York. He was reas. and a commissioner was created a baronet, lm|Jl'l--. . • I 1 ■, . : , I. ;: >.■. I . .;_ i. 1 . ceivcd i;i;u Ln^r. G.j.. i;,,iL;!-t w.i- I,::, bro.-in-liuv. Uowuinj,' .St., London, perpetuates his name. He was a man of ability, and natu- ral fitness for politics. Author of Political Tracts, 1654-72. His grandson. Sir George, foiindL',! Downing Coll., Cambridge, Eng., in Doyle, SiK John, a British gen., b. Dub- lin, 17.)G; d. Aug. 8, 1834. Trin. Coll., Dublin. Lieut, of light inf. at Boston in 1775; adj. in the battle of Brooklyn, L.L, and Germantown ; capt. of the " Volunteers of Ireland ; " then niaj. of brigade at the cap- ture of Charleston, the liattirs of Camden and Hobkirk's Hill. At tli,; IhmiI of a corps of light cavalrv, Maj. Dovic operated against Gen. Marion in the spring of 1781, and destroyed his camp at Snow Island, but was pursued by Marion, and escaped with the loss of his baggage. During tlie wars of the French revol., he served in Holland, 1794, in Ireland as sec. of war, and in Egypt under Gen. Abercrombie, where ho was liighly dis- ting. He was made a hart, in 1805 ; full gen. in 1819. — Rose. Drake, Benjamin, author and journalist, b. Mason Co., Kv., Nov. 28, 1794; d. Cincin- nati, April 1, 1841. Many years editor of the Cincinnati Chronicle^ of extensive circulation. Author of "Tales from the Queen City," 1838; "Life of Tecumseh," 1841 ; "Cincin- nati in 1826," by B. Drake and E. D. Mans- field, 1827; "Life and Adventures of Black Hawk," 1838 ; " Life of Gen. Hiirrison," 1840, and " The Western Agriculturist." Drake, Cihri-es D., jurist and politician, b. Cincinnati, April 11, 1811. He received an academical education. Was a niiilshipman in the navy from 1827 to 1830, but resigned^ and O. at Cincinnati, and also established there in 1821 the Commercial Hospital, and in 1827 the Eye Infirmary. In 1823, he again accept- ed a chair in the Transylv. school, and till his death was. with brief intermissions, cunncctrd uitl, ,„ nlical schools; holdiiiL' ,,, .,i--ii ! :,.- ,n ,:,,• ,1, ;l„..Ieff. Mel. Coll., nV , ,:. , ,- I,:, M 1, Coll,, the U. of Lorn- . ' , : , ' s ill-, ill w.ib prof, in the racd. c. . ••■ ' ' 11>: pub. "Diseases of the Mi-.-i-i| ;! \' .11 . ." 2 vols., 1850-4; " An Ilistori.al ai I s., ,i:;:h; Account of Cincinnati ,ind tli. Mi,„,, (gan- try," 1815: "Xntir,.snf fanriai, ,1, " 1 -m ,,,,,1 18.32; "P,-.,r,.,..i !■-.,>,,.:, MM,, 1832; "I'l-a.a :, 1 i !, . . - !,•■, ■ ■, ■ - ■■, .'- 1832 the bar of U. May, 1833. He was a r, i ;. m .,.,i,il>. of prose and verse to the (ill ; :ii:>. Re- moved to St. Louis ii, I ,; I ' : I ily be- came prominent. In isiii,, i i;. II i ilaj Mo. eering feat legisl., and has taken a prominent part in the water, whi political movements of the day, having been 1585, he m a strong advocate of emancipation in Mo. Drake's m^- Member of the State Convention of 1863; port of Ca member and viee-pres., and a leading spirit, of and drstr i that which formed the present constitution of II. «a< ],, Mo. in 1865 ; U.S. senator from 1867 to 1871 ; En.;li-h h app. chief-justice U. S. Court of Claims, Jan. i,i l.''-'^ ; I' 1871. lie has pub. "Law of Attachments," i,itin~ In 1854; Life of his father. Dr. Daniel Drake, fli ' '■ besides nun, null, p.iiiipli.c;.;.. In 1SJ7-.:;). lie edited the iVattrn Journal of Hal. Sciences, and, after its transfer to Louisville as Tlie II^es(f?7! .Tounmlof Med. and Suryeri/, was one of its editors from 1839 to IS48. A Memoir of him, by E. D. Mansfield, w.is published in Cineinn.iti, 1855. — See Memoir in Gross's Amer. Med. Diog. and Life, by Charles D. Drake, 1871. Drake, Sir Francis, a celebrated naviga- tor, b. in the village of Crowndale, near Tavis- tock, Eng., ab. 1537; d. in the harbor of Porto Bello, 28 Jan. 1596. Bred a sailor, he accomp. his relative, Capt. John Hawkins, to S. Amer., and was treacherously attacked by the Span- iards at St. Juan de tjlloa. In 1572, he took Noinbre de Dios, and returned homo with a laigc amount of treasure. In 1573-5, he did excellent service in suppressing the rebellion in Ireltind. Doe. 13, 1,')77, ho com. an CNpial. to theSouthSea;atemiii-',ini-ai,,T. n-! ia,iM.-!i- ately after passing 1 1,1 ^ ;M : t him, with a single vi- i i ,i - ii in an unknown sea. II i - , I i, . . i-\ however; tunl. ^i \' i.il '..,!!■: i -, a,,ii, t,_) elude pursiiii, ■■ '- a \ 1 i i ■ i :■■ uito ilic Atlantic; ,1,- .■...:. \ i ^ i , ,, ,; ; v,a^ the first to liiai -" 1 i:,- ■, >»i' • naHirnal on his return tu I'.ii'j;. ^tnkn j :! 1',- cifie, he arrived at Plymouth -ii "■ ; ' - ing the first En.glishman who h : I the world. Apr. 4, 15S1, (,| i 1 a li dined on b",,! 1 I,' • -I:':', .ml' ■.■•\ h,in. M.ayorof ri- i ' : i , '1 1' i ■ 1-.) and Drake, D.vniel, M.D. (U. of P.a. 1316), phvMi a.ii, .11, ; .in; ,11 ,': i .a I lia, j. ,1). PlainHcUl, N..J.,n, : _ .-.,;, .in, Nov. 6, 1852. Isaac, 1 . I I I _ I M I 1,11 Co., Ky., in 1788. I la,, a I !" j.ia |., naia,- ,ii Cincinnati in 1804. In ISI7. he was jirof. in the Transvlv. Med. School. In Dec. 1818, he procured from the Ohio legisl. a charter for the med. coll. of I'aiLd lor want of co-opeiation on the jiart of his adherents. In 1595, Drake sailed with Sir John Hawkins on another exped. to S. Amer., which resulted disastrously, both leaders being carried off by diseases incident to the climate. He left no children, and disposed of his property by will, — a fact mentioned for the benefit of DRA 281 IDRA. ir- those clniming to be descended from one who had no descendants. Drake, Joseph Rodman, poet, b. N. Y., Ah-. 7, 1795 ; d. Sept. 21, 1820. Hfi lost his father in early life, and witli 3 sisters strn^glcd with poverty, lie stuOi I m. ,lh m, ; and his marriage in 1816, soon :i: ' ^le^a■ee, with Sarah, dan. uf II i placed ;nce. He tini. .i..| m Lm-i,.;, and, urn in 1819, o.nlrlli. vorsrs under e of " Croaker," to the N. Y. Even- Ilis larscst and nio^t ininginativo " Culprit Fay." Thoufrh Drake fn.iin Ills boyhood, yet the poems him in affl after his r the siiiiati inn Post. Indian Wars," 2 vols., 4to, 186.'j; " In trod. and Notes to Mather's Wonders Iiivis. World, and Calef's More Wonders," 3 vols. 4to 1866; "The Old Indian Chronicle," 4to, 1867; " Annals of Witchcraft in the U.S.,"4to, 1869 ; " History of the Five Years' French and Ind. War," 4to, 1870, &c. Ho contrib. the article " Massachusetts," to the Encyclop. Bri- tan n ica. Draper, John William, M.D., LL.D., chemist and physiologist, b. Liverpool. Kng., ct n < May 5, 1811. He was educated at the U. of y, London. He emisxrated to Aincr. in \9.nn, ^''-^ 1 death calle.l irora his fi ir Hi: were all pro- lealth failing, the U. 01 M.n. in 1 in New Or- and ,,hy: H'. 111111111 noet- 183G-9. ,k, .\selec- chemistry l,c American dept. of t'l only child, a lertnips „ Fla-," was pub. ill 1830, by h dan., who ni. Com. Delvay. Drake, Samukl, the pioneer of the drama at the We-t, b. Eng. 17C7 ; d. near Louisville, tho of 1 jWw- JULU , I , inr of Win. \V. Fus.lick, the ]i i ■ .1 li -t luisband, and of Julia Dean, ill I ;, ., l-y her second. Another cons|iini..u, ,uac..., of this familv is Julia Drake Chapman, dau. of Alexander Drake. The family came to the U.S. about 1800. Its youngest member, James G., is known to tho public chiefly as a song-writer. His " Tom Breeze," " I'arlez Bas," and other songs, have been widely admired. He resided in Louis- ville, Kv., where he d. May 13, 1850. —Poefs and Pocby nf tlw West. Drake, Samuf.l Gardner, historical writ- ifer, h. I'liislield, N.IL. Oct. U, 1798^ He re- ceived a loinrnoii school education, ancrbetween the ages ot 20 and 27 was a district school teacher. Removing to Boston, he established there in 1828 the Antiquarian Bookstore, the first of its class in the U.S. One of the found- ers of thcN.E. Hist, and Genealogical Soc, of which he was pres. in 1858. He began the publication of its quarterly " Register " in 1847, and continued it many years as editor and publisher, contributing many biog. and hist, articles to its pages. He resided in Lon- don in 1858-60. He has pub. " Church's Phi- lip's War, with Additions," 12mo, 1825; " Sketches of the Hist, of Northwood, NIL, for Colls. H. Soc," 1832; "Indian Biogra- phy," 12mo, 1832 ; " Book of the Indians," 8vo (11th ed. 1851), 1833; "Old Indian Chroni- cle," I8mo, 1836 ; " Indian Captivities," 12mo, 1 839 ; " Genealogical and Biographical Acct. of the Fam. of Drake," I2mo, 1845 ; " Review of Savage's ed. Winthrop's Journal," 8vo, 1854; 'Hist, and Antiqs., Boston," roy. 8vo, 1856 ; " Result of Researches among the Brit. Archives," 4to, 1860; "Memoir of Sir Walt. Ralei^'h,"4lo, 1862; " Introd. and Notes to Mather's Indian War of 1675-6." 1862; " Introd. and Notes to Mather's Relation," 4to, 1864; "Introd. and Notes to Hubbard's rll-l'i ,;. Il • I, ,, ;l- 'l-..! ;, - i|,,. l,K:dicaI ''■■■■■ ■ • ' '• -■'"■■ ' - ' '■ '^' ■rpicsiding .i II ,1,-1- the chair ■• :i.: i .:.! I ,■'■■•■ •■■■.'< '.i ■ ^ . ul'theU. of X.y. l:.;.v. 11c [....-.ilouicU imiJi attention to the study of the action of light, and was the inventor of the application of the daguerrotype process to the taking of portraits. He has written much, and with high reputation. Be- tween 1838 and 1857, he furnished to the Edinb. Philos. Journal ah. 40 treatises, besides contrib. to other scientific journals. Author of a " Treatise on the Organization of Plants," 4to, 1844; a popular " Text- book on Chemistry," 1846; and another on " Natural Philosophy," 1847 ; a " History of the Intellectual Develop- ment of Europe ;" "Thoughts on the Future Civil Policv of Amer. ; " " Hist, of the Amer. Civil War," 3 vols., 1867-8, and " Memoirs on tho Chemical Action of Light." His most elaborate work is a treatise on " Human Pny- siology, Statical and Dynamical," 1856. Draper, Lyman C, liistorical writer, b. near Buffalo, Sept. 4, 1815. Ho has since 1833 been engaged in making colls, of Western history and biog., and has edited 4 vols. Wis. Hist. Soc. Colls. Pies, of that body. Author of " Madison, the Capital of Wis., it's Growth," &c., 1857. Draper, Simeon, politician of N.Y., b. 1804 ; d. Whitestown, L.I., Nov. 6, 1866. He was a prominent merchant of N Y., but did notsucceed, and became an auctioneer. Active in politics, he was long the friend of W. H. Seward ; was several times a member of the Whig State Central Committee; in 1864, chair- man of the Union State Central Committee; was many years an administrator of the public charities; provost-marshal in 1862, and col- lector of tho port of N.Y. in 1864. He was an able and influential man, of generous impulses and strict integrity. Drayton, John, gov. of S C. 1 800-2, and 1808-10. Dist. judge of the U.S. till his d., at Charleston, Nov. 27, 1822, a. 60. Son of Wm. Henry. He pub. "A View of S.C," 1802; "Memoirs of the Ecvol." in that State," 2 DRA. 282 DRJJ vols., 8vo, 1821, and "Letters written during a Tour tliroii^'li tlio Nortliern and Eastern States," 8vo. 1794. Drayton, Percival, cnpt. U.S.N.,h.S.C., Aug. 25, 1812; d. Wasliin-tun, DC, A..-. 4, 1865. Son of Hon. Wrn. Dnivton, M C. Midshipman, Dec. 1827 ; licut I'eh. 28, 13:!8; was att;ieliod to tiio ohscrvaiorv. Washin^^ton, in 1852; command. Supt. 14, rs,")5 ; joined tlic Para-iiay esped. i.i 1S5?, and from 1860 until tlic oiitbn/:ik of livil war, was on ordnance dutv at I'hila. Tlion-li stron^dv lionml by family ties to ilie sece.liii- Si.ur., 'lir irnialnrd loyal'to tlic national tl:\L.', mid, in tin- ixp^d. tn Port Roval, com. tlie stcMinn' " ]',i :jli.iiit;iv ; " liis brol'lier. Gen. T. F. Diayt.ni, com. at tlic same lime the confed. troo]is at Hilton Head Island. He was afterward transferred to " The Pawnee," and July 16, 1862, was promoted to capt., and ordered to the new Ericsson iron- battery " Passaic." He was in the bombard- ment of Fort McAllister; in the attack on Sumter by Diipont; fleetcapt. of the W. Gulf squad., under Farragut, and was in " The Hart- ford " at tlie fiirht with and capture of the rebel fleet in Mobile Bay, Aug. 5, 1864. He was particularly distintr. as flag-officer. App. chief of the bureau of navigation, Apr. 28, 1865. Drayton, William, LL.D., judge, b. S.C, 173.3; d. June, 1790. Educated at the Middle Temple, Lond., where he studied law 4 years; i.inDi 1 to .\iiier. in 1754, and in 1768 was a| - ■ : ■ of the Province of E. Fla. h : I I: Vol. war, he wassuspcndcd fromoiii. , ill ,1 1, In-t.ited, and with his family passed some time in Eng. After the peace, he was successively judge of the Admiralty Court of S.C, assoc. justice of the State, Mar. to Oct. 1789, and a judge under the U.S. Govt., app. Oct. 1789. Drayton, William, soldier and states- man, b. .St. Augustine, Fla., Dee. 30, 1776; d. Phila., May 24, 1846. Educated in Eng.; adm. to the bar in 1797 ; some time assist, clerk in a Court of Sessions in S.C, and, though a Federalist, was app. lieut.-col. 10th U.S. Inf., Mar. 12,1812; col. 18th,Julv6, 1812; insp.-gen. Aug. I, 1814; M.C 1825-33. In 1830 he was a leader of the Union party in opposition to thatof nullification. Kemoving to Phila., he succeeded Biddle as pres. of the U.S. Bank in 1839, and aided Gens. Scott and Macomb in preparing a system of inf. tactics. Recorder of Charleston in 1819. Drayton, William Henbt, statesman and political writer, b. on Ashley River, S.C., Sept. 1742; d. Phila., Sept. 3, 1779. A nephew of Gov. Bull. Educated at Westminster and Oxford, between 1753 and 1764, when he re- turned to Carolina. In 1769, an article under the signature of " Freeman " involved him in a political controversy with Gadsden and John Mackenzie. In 1771, after revisiting Eng., he was app. privy councillor for the Province of S.C. ; but, as the Revol. crisis approached, he espoused the popular cause, and protested against the proceedings of his colleagues. In 1 774, he wrote a pamphlet under the signature of " Freeman," addressed to the American Congress, in which he stated the grievances of America, and drew up a bill of rights. It sub- stantially marked out the line of conduct adopted by Congress, then in session. He was app. a judge in 1774. Suspended from bis of- fices under the crown, he was made a member (if the popular committee of safety. On the fiiiniatiDii of a popular constitution, he was rc- iii-tated in the corresjionding offices of the State, and, in 1776, was advanced to the rank of chief ju>tice. He pub. his charge to the grand jury in Apr. 1776, which breathes all the spirit and energy of the mind which knows the v line iif freedom, and is determined to sup- |i"rt it Member of the Provincial Congress in ITTTi, i<( which he beeanio pres. Pres. of S.C. ill 1777; member of the Cont. Congress in 1778-9. He left a manuscript history of the Revol. to the end of the year 1778, which w.as pub. by his son. Gov. John Drayton, in 1821, 2 vols., 8vo. — Rorjcrs. Drew, Daniel, a N.Y. millionnaire, b. Car- mel, Putnam Co., N.Y., 1788. At first a farmer-boy, then an employe on a North Riv- er steamboat. He became an owner of stock, a builder of magnificent steamboats, a bold stock operator in Wall Street, and finally a million- naire. In 1866, he gave $250,000 toward Ibund- ing the Drew Theol. Seminary of Madison, N.J., — a sum increased by successive donations to nearly a million dollars. Drililser, Anna, poet, known by the mm de jduiiip, " Edith May," b. Pa. Her contribu- tions to the Home Journal were highly com- mended by N. P. Willis. She has pub. "Po- etical Works," 8vo, 1854; "Talcs and Poems for Children," 1855, 12mo. — .See GriswoUl's Female Poets of Amer. Drown, Solomon, M.D., a physician and botanist, b. Providence, R.I. , 1753; d. 1834. B.U. 1774. He studied medicine, was a sur- geon in the Revol. army, and visited Europe, to perfect his professional education, in 1784. He snbseqnently practised medicine at Provi- dence, in Ohio, and in Western Pa., but in 1801 settled in Foster, R.I., where he passed the remainderof his life. In 1811, he was app. prof of materia mcdica and botany in Brown U. Member of the Am. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, and of several learned bodies. He pub. " The Farmer's Guide," 1825 ; also some occasional addresses. Druilletes, Gabriel, Jesuit missionary, b. France, 1593 ; d. Quebec, 8 Apr. 1681. He was sent to Canada in 1643 ; became a mission- ary to the wandering Algonquins, and after losing his sight, wliich was miraculously re- stored, continued his labors among them near 40 years. He evangelized the Montagnasis, Algonquins, Crees, Papanachois, and Abnakis on the St. Lawrence and Kennebec, and for several years after 1666, labored amonii the Ottawas and Chippewas at Sault. Stc. Marie. — Shea's Hist, of' Missions, §-c. Drummond, Sir Gordon, a British gen. b. Quebec, 1771 ; d. London, Oct. 10, 1854. Son of Colin, paymaster to the troops in L. Canada in 1771.' Ensign in 1789; became gen. 1825. He served in Holland in 1794-5, in Egypt in 1801 ; as a statF-officer at Jamaica for .some years, and on the staff' in Canada in 1808-U;" lieut.-gen. 1811. Sept. 1813, he went to Canada as second in com. to Sii' George Pievost. He planned the capture of Fort Niagara, Dec. 19, 1813 ; took the villages of Black Rock and Buffalo, Dee. 31, 1813; captured and destroyed the barracks, works, and stores at Oswego, in May, 1814, and com. at the obstinately-contested battle of Lundy's Lane, July 2.5, 1814, and was severely wound- ed. Aug. 15, he attacked Fort Erie, and was reputed wiili heavy lo-s. He succeeded Pre- vost in the com. in" 1814, ami in the adminis- tration of the govt., Iiiit returned to Eng. in June, 1816. In 1817, he received the grand cross of the Bath. Duane, James, statesman, 1). N.Y. Citv, Feb. 6, 1733; d. Dunncsburg, N.Y., Feb. 'l, 17'J7. From Antliony, his falher, he acquired a large estate in Dnnnc-^bnrg, N.Y., which he began to settle in 17Gr> Oct. 21, 17.')9, he m a (lau. of Col. liobcrt LiviTi-ston. Adopting the profession uf the law, he Ijii-anic a nicuiber ofthe Kevul. committ.T. of .\'.V ; ,.| the ()1,1 Indian treaty at Alhiiny in .\ng 177."); mem- ber of the Con-t. Ccmv. ill 1 77li-7, and on the committee to (li. ill tljc s:iiiir ; mombercommit- teeof safely, 17:i;-:; ivniinnl to N.Y. City, on its evacnaiiDii Hi I7s.3; hecame a member of tlieroiiiicil. .SMt.Miuitor, 1783-4: first may- or of X V. Cifv, 1784; member of the conv. toa(lM|,i ilir l-r.l. imI Constitution in 1788 ; U. S. ili>iiiri jii.lui', 1789-94. Duane, Cm. Willum, editor and politi- cian, b. near Lake Champhiin, N.Y., 17G0; d. Phila., Nov. 24, 183.-). At the age of 11, he was taken bv his mother, thtn a widow and a Roman Catliolie, to Ireland, and liberally edu- cated. He became sprinter. Went to India in 1784, rapidly amassed property, and became editor of the World. Having opposed the lo- cal govt., he was seized, and sent to Eng., and his wealth confiscated. Ho sought redress in vain, and soon became editor of the Omeml Advertiser, siding in politics with Home Tooke and other liDerals. In 1795, he came to Phila., and edited the Aurora, which, by able management, became the mo.st influential organ of the Demoe. party. Jefferson attrib- uted his election to the presidency to its vigorous support, and app. him lieut.-col. of rifles, July 8, 1808; adj.-gen., rank of col., March, 1813 to June, 1815. On the removal of the seat of govt., the influence of the ^l«iwo declined. He withdrew from it in 1822, and travelled through the S. Amcr. republics ; pub. an account of his travels on his return, enti- tled " A Visit to Columbia, 1822-3," Phila., 1826. Prothonotary of the Supreme Court of Pa., from 1826 till his death. He jjub. "Military Dictionarv," 1810; "Hand-Book for Riflemen," 1813 ;'" Mississippi Question," 8vo, Phila., 1803, "An Epitome of the Arts and Sciences," 1811 ; " Hand-Book for Infan- try," 1813; "Amer. Military Library," 2 vols., 1819. Duane, William, b. Phila., Feb. 7, 1808. Son of Wm. J. Editor of "Christopher Marshall's Diary," 1839, and new enlarged ed., 1849. Author of "View of the Kehuion of Landlord and Tenant in Penn.," 8vo, 1844 ; " Law of Roads, Highways, Bridges, and Jacks. the removal of the depusiis Irom : Bank. Author of " The Law of Na Ferries in Pa.," 12mo, 1848, "Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate," transl. from thcFrenih, 12mo, 1846; "Canada and the Continental Con- gress," 8vo, 1850. — Allitone. Duane, William John, lawver. Son of Col. Wm., b. Clonmel, Ireland, 1780; d. Phila., Sept. 27, 1865. Originally a iirinter; afterward a paper-dealer; adm. to the bar in 1803; often represented Phila. in the State legisl. He was a disting. lawyer ; took a deep interest in schools, and was a trustee, and subsequently a director, in Girard Coll. Sue- ceded liis father as editor of the Aurora. Sec. of the U.S. treasury in 1833 ; was removed by ■pt. -.'3, 183.3, lor declining to or.ler ■ ■• • U.S. s In- vestigated," &c., 8vo, 1809; "Letters on In- ternal Improvements," 8vo, 181 1 ; "Narrative and Correspondence eoncirning the Removal of the Deposits, " 8vo, 1838. Dubois, Jons, D.D., R.C. bishop of N.V., 1). Paris, 1764 ; d. N.Y., Dec. 20, 1842. In 1791. the revolution drove him to the U.S. He ofliciated in Va. and Md. ; took charge of the mission at Frederick, Md., and in 1808, having become a meml)er of the society of St. Sulpice, settled at Emmcttsburg, and took an active part in the establishment of St. Mary's Coll. at Baltimore. Oct. 29, 1826, he was elevated to the Episcopacy. Dubouchet (dii-boo'-sha'), Florimand Langlois, marqnis, a French gen., b. Cler- mont, Oct. 20, 1752; d. Paris, Oct. 1826. Having entered the army at the age of 15, and disting. himself in Corsica in 1769, he in 1776 lent his services to the Americans, and in the following year was promoted to the rank of major on the field of battle of Sara- toga. In 1780, he joined Ilocbambeau, and was present at the surrender of both Bur- goyne ami Cornwallis. At the conclusion of peace, he returned to France with the decora- tion of the Cincinnati, and received the cross of St. Louis. An emigrant at the epoch of the French revol., he re-entered France in 1803 ; com. at Ypres in 1809, and Breda in 1810. At the restoration, the title of marquis was made hereditary in his family; and in April, 1816, lie was made lieut.-gen., but oc- cupied himself with literary labors until his death. — Hiog- Univ. Sup/A. Dueh6 (du-sha'), Jacob, D.D., an elo- quent Prot.-Ep. clergyman, b. Phila., 1739; d. there Jan. 3, 1798. U. of Pa. 1757. Son of a Huguenot, who came to America with Wm. Penn. Licensed in 1759, by the bishop of Lond., as assist, minister of Christ Church, Phila. and in 1775 succeeded Dr. Peters as its rector. Marrying a sister of his classmate, Francis Hopkinson, he, at the beginning of the Revol., espoused the cause of the Colonies, and was highly esteemed by the patriots. At the assembling of the First Congress, Sept. 7, 1774, Duehe was invited to make the open- ing prayer. "For his excellent prayer, so well adapted to the present occasion," Con- gress gave him a vote of thanks. July 9, 1776, ho was chosen chaplain to Congre-s, and ap- propriated his salary to the relief of the fami- lies of Pennsylvanians slain in battle; but he 284 DXJD resigned in Oct. When session of Pliila., alari aspeet of att'uirs, Duelii Biitish took pos- at the gloomy rsoolv the patriot cause, and m a letter to Washington (Oet. 1777) urged him to pur^ue the same course. Washingfon transmitted the letter to Con- gress ; and Duihe tied to Eng., wherehe became chaplain in the Lambeth Orphan Asylum, and a popular preacher. His estate was confis- cated, and he himself banished as a traitor to his country. He returned to Phila. in 1790. He was a highly polished writer, and had a fine poetical taste. In 1771, he pub. the " Letters of TamocCaspipina," an acrostic on his desig- nation as the assist, minister of Christ Church and St. Tetcr's in Pliila. in N.A. " Sermons," 8vo, 17S1, — [iiuickuick. DuCoudray (du koi/ diS), Phil. Chas. Jea.v Bapt. Ti;oNsoN, -.i French art. officer, b. Rheims,_Sept. S, 1738; d. Sept. 11, 1777. Educated in the corps ot miners, ho evinced superior talents at an early age ; was promoted over the heads of 180 senior oflScers for services in Corsica; and was adj.-gen. of art., and one of the best engineers in France, when, in 1776, he ofiFered his services to Deane and Franklin, who agreed that he should com. the Amer. art., with the rank and pay of maj.-gen. The dissatisfaction of Knox and other valuable officers of that arm prevented this arrange- ment from being carried out. Aug. 11, 1777, he was app. insp -gen., with rank of maj.-gen., and |il.M , ,1 111 ,Mij" I iitindence of the works on the 11' , W liasiening as a vol. to the lia:: i In : \iiiL-, his horse, becoming restivi' 1'. .,iM .Hi ; .. Ill a terry-boat crossing the Schuylkill, ], lunged with him into the river, and he was drowned. Ducreux (dii'-kruh'),FRAsgois, a French historian, ii. Sainas, 1.596; d. 1666. Author of //., . , . ■ , , ,- ,, 16G4. DlUii. ,, 1.1 iMiiN WiNSLOW, M.D., LLP . . I i. Spottsvlvania Co., Va., 17y.-, ; ,1 1., ,in_:,m, Ky., 20 Jan. 1870. He studied at Trausi'lv. U., and took his medical degree at the U. of Pa. in 1806. In 1800, ho went to Europe, where he was the pupil of Sir Astley Cooper, Cline, and Abernethy of Lond., and Larrey, Dubois, and Boyer in Paris till 1814, returning home with the reputation of a most skilful operator. He established 1814 1 854, tion ut tlif uiedieal school of Iranaylv. U., was made its prof, of surgery. Dudley, Charles ISdward, senator, b. Johnson Hall, Statfordshire, Eng., Mav 23, 1780 ; d. Albany, Jan. 23, 1841. Charles, his father, coll. of the customs at Newport, and a loyalist, d. Lond. in 1790. The son came with his mother to Newport, R.I., in 1794. Enter- ing into trade there, he went to the E. Indies as supercar^:©, subsequently removed to N.Y., where, in July, I8U0, he m'. Blandina, dan. of Kutgers Bleecker, and in 18U2 removed to Alliany. State senator in 1820-5, mavor of Albany in 1821 and 1828, and U.S. senator in 1829-33. Mr. Dudley was particularly fond of astronomical science; and in 1856 his widow contrib. 870,000 towards the erection and endowment of the Dudley Observatory at Albany. At the time of her death in Jan. 1863, she had contrib. to it, in all, over $100,- 000. Dudley, Dean, b. Kingfield, Me., May 23, 1823. Educated for the law. Printer and publisher of Boston. Author of " Dudley Gen- ealogy," 8vo, 1848 ; " Pictures of Life in Eng. and America," 8vo, 1851; "History of the First Council of Nice ; " " Social and Polit. Aspects of England and the Continent." Dudley, Edward B., gov. of N.C. (1837- 41) ; d. Wilmington, N.C, Oct. 30, 1855, a. 64. Entering the legisl. of N.C. in 1816, he was M. C. 1829-31. Dudley, Joseph, gov. of Ms., b. Ro.xbury, July 23, 1647 ; d. there Apr. 2, 1720. H. U. 1665. Son of Gov. Thomas. He studied the- ology, but, preferring a political career, repre- sented his native town in 1673-5 ; was assist. 1676-85; from 1677 to 1681 was one of the commissioners for the United Colonies; was present at the battle with the Narragansetts in 1675, and was one of the commissionei-s who dictated the terms of a treaty with that power- ful tribe, fie was agent for the colony in Eng. in 1682-3; Iiui, him .1. i :.,iii a . uiiiiiniatiou of the.old cli.ii I ) 1 became a prominent :, i-i^iracy. Commissionnl n .lii.i, -11, ;, ,.,.,., .X.wEng., Sept. 27, 1685 ; in IGS7 was app. cliief justice of the Superior Court, and was arrested us one of the friends of Andros, with whom he was sent to England. He was received with favor, and was made chiefjustice of N.Y., 1690. Ho was again in Eng. m 1693, and dur- ing 8 years held the office of dep. gov. of the Isle of Wight, being in 1701 elected to pariia- ment from Newtown. From 1702 to 1715, he was capt.-gen. and gov.-in-chief of Ms. Bay. He then retired to his rural home in Rox- bury. He carried the doctrine of submission to royal and ministerial authority to a danger- ous extreme. Dudley was a " philosopher and a scholar, a divine and a lawyer, all com- bined." — N. E. H. and Gen. Rcf/., x., 336. Dudley, Paul, F.R.S., iuri.-.t, b. Sept. 3, 1675 ; d. Jan. 25, 1752. II. U. 1690. Son of Gov. Joseph. He studied law at the Temple, London. Returned in 1702 with a commis- sion from Queen Anne as atty.-gcn. of the Province, which he held till his' promotion to the bench in 1718; becoming chiel-justice in 1745. He rep. Roxbury some years in the legisl., and in 1739 was chosen speaker, but was negatived. He was a learned naturalist, a member of the Roy. Soc. Lond. He left a be- quest to Harv. Coll. for the purpose of estab- lishing a yearly lecture to be delivered at that institution in defence of Christianity, called from him the Dudleian lecture. He pub. sev- eral essays on the Natural History of Amer., particularly of N. Eng., in the" Transactions" of the Roy. Soc., and a work against the Church of Rome. Dudley, TnoMAS, gov. of Ms. in 1634, '40. '45, and '50, b. Northampton, Eng., 1576 ; d. Roxbury, Ms., July 31, 16.53. He had been an officer under Elizabeth, in the service of DTJE ntrin Holland, before joininf; the Puritans, and after- ward retrieved the fortunes of the Earl of Lin- coln by the faithful stewardship of his estates. A principal member nf the Mi l. . i;- .1 ii, and Boston, he finally setilud lu lioxi.uiv. whi're his estate was Ion,? possessed by his descendants. In 1644, he was app. maj.-gen. of the Colony. He was a man of talent and integrity, was bold, outspoken, and enerjctic. Duer, John, LL:D. (Col. Coll. 1837), ju- rist, b. Albany, N.Y., Oct. 7, 1782 ; d. Staten Is- land, Ang. 8,' 1858. Son of Col. Wm. Duer. and grandson of Lord Stirling. After 2 years' service in the army, he practised law at Goshen with Beverly Robinson, with whom, ab. 1818, he removed to N.Y., and acquired reputation as an insurance lawyer. In 1849, he was elected an assoc. justice of the Superior Court, and on the death of Judge Oakley in May, 1857, became chief-justice. In 182.5, he was app. one of the commissioners to revise the statute law of the State. He was a delegate to the State Const. Conv. in 1821. In 1845, he pub. a " Li'cture on the Law of Representa- tions in Marino Insurance," and in 1845-6 a treatise on " The Law and Practice of Marine Insurance." In 1848, he delivered a discourse on Chancellor Kent, which was pub., and at the time of his death was editing " Uuer's Re- ports of the Decisions of the Superior Court," the 6th vol. of which he left incomplete. Duer, Col. William, b. Eng., 18 Mar. 1747 ; d. 7 May, 179D. Son of John, council- lor for Antigua. In 1765, he became aide to Lord Clive in India. In 1768, he purchased land in Washington Co., N.Y. ; was app. col. of militia, judge of the county courts, member of the Prov. Congress, of the com. of safety, anijyaf the com. to draft the State constitution in the conv. of 1777; dclcijate to the Cont. Conffrr-, l7:7-s: , ,■ ,,: iI:. rr,.,-„iv R-.ird nil I thctiva- ' II ,. ■-, ".11 i:'M :27.l,.lv, 1779, h- ■ : • ' ■ il.ni. of Lord Stirling. He took : ! I- ■ in N.Y. City in 1783. — Sr, A ■•! n,., xl., 95-103. Duer, W 1 1 I I \ M A i,i:x., jurist and man of letters. .Son of Col Wm., h.'Rhincbeck, N.Y., Sept. 8, 1780; d. N.Y., May 30, 1858. He studied law with Duponceau in Phila., and Nat. Pendleton" in New York. During the quasi war with France of 1798, he obtained the app. of midshipman in the navy, and served under Decatur ; adra. to the bar in 1802, he engaged in business with Edward Livingston, upon whose removal to N. Orleans, he formed a professional partnership with his bro. -in-law, Beverly Robinson. Ho contrib. to a partisan weeklv nan.M-, thr^ Pn^rrrior, conducted by Dr. Peter'li'- . i - . i...-,it of Burr. Mr. Duer short Iv : [ .injston at N. Orleans, studio!;:, -: :.il law, was successful, but was iiiuiic.l i.i ilik' climate, and his mar- riage with the dau'. of Wm. Denning of N.Y., to resume his practice in the latter city. Here he was a contrib. of literary articles to tlie Momini; Chronicle. He ne.xt opened an office in his native town, Rhinebeck, and in 1814 was elected to the State Assembly. Continuing in the legisl. till 1817, he was a prominent pro- moter of the canal legislation; judge of the Supreme Court from 1822 to 1829; prcs. of Col. Coll. from 1829 to 1842, when ill health caused his retirement. He delivered to the si'niors a course of lectures on the constitution- al jiirispriidcnce of the U.S.. pub. in 1856. He delivered from the portico of the Citv Hall a eulogy upon President Monroe. After his re- tirement, he resided at Morristown, N..I. He pub. in the Colls, of the N.J. Hist. Society a life of his maternal grandfather, Lord Slii ling. He delivered in 1847 an address before the lit- erary societies of Col. Coll., and in 1848 an hist, address before the St. Nicholas Society, giving early reminiscences of New York, both of which have been pub. — Duijckinrl: Duff, M.\RT Ann, .ictrcss, b. Dublin ; d. Cincinnati, Nov. 1832, of cholera. She was a Miss Dyke, whose sister was the first wife of the poet Moore. Shu m. John DufF, whose forte was genteel and sprightly comedy, and who was at one time manager of the Federal- street Theatre, Boston. He d. in Pliila., April, 1831, a. 44. After playing in Dublin, they came to this country in 1810, opened in Bos- :ame favorites throughout 'as a beautiful woman, and ton in Nov., ai the country, a celehratcil ti in 182S. and > Isabella, in -'I Duffleld, I Sh'3 ury 1> !' i\.C. 1785),cIer- l; ;_'; d, tlicrePeb. 2, 1790. N. J. Coll. 1752. Tutor in N. J. Coll. 1754-6 ; minister of Carlisle, Pa., from 25 Sept. 1761 to April. 1773, when he became pastor of the Third Presb. Church, Phila. He was dis- tinguished as a scholar and orator, and was, in the Revol. struggle, an early and zealous friend of his country, and a ch.aplain of the Old Con- gress. Me pub. an account of his missionary tour to the IVontiers in 1766, and a thanksgiv- ing sermon tor ilie restoration of peace, Dec. 11, 1783. — .N/y,<-;,;/,». Duffleld, Gloege, D.D. (U. of Pa.), b. Strasbur-, Pa., Julv 4, 1794 ; d. Detroit, June 26, 1868. U. of Pa. 1811. Grandson of the preceding. Licensed to preach bv the jiresby- tery of Phila., Apr. 29, 1815; pastor of the church at Carlisle, Pa., from Dec. 1815 to 1834, and of the 5th Presbyterian Church of Phila. in 183.5-7. In 1837, lie succeeded C. G. Finney at the Broadway Tabernacle. From 1838 until Apr. 27, 1865, pastor of the First Presb. Church of Detroit. He was a ripe schol- ar. During the war, he went repeatedly to the battle-field as a delegate of the ('hristian com- mission, and ministered to the wounded. Au- thor of " Spiritual Life,"8vo, "Dissertations on the Prophecies," " Millenarianism de- fended," "Fugitive Discourses," " Claims of Episc. Bishops examini'il, ' ' (iiiu-.n and Perpetuitv of the Clin- 1 i "■ > ' Con- trib. to the Biblical kr ' '-'" - ^"^c. Duffleld, Rev. Gtuu.i., !.i- ■ n, b. Car- lisle, Pa., 1818. Y.C 1S37. Old. !S40; set- tled in BlomfieUl, N.J., then in Brooklyn, N.Y. : in 1852, at the Buttonwood-st. Church, Phila. ; and in 1860, at the Presb. Church, Ann Arbor, Mich. He lias written many hymns, but will be chiefly remembered for the one "Stand up for Jesus." Suganne, Augustine Joseph Hicket, poet and novelist, b. Boston, 1823.^ He has written many novellettes and romances, " Mys- teries of Boston, New York, and Phila.," 8vo, Phila., and a great number of miscellaneous papers under various signatures. His poems are the " Iron Harp," " Parnassus in Pillory," a satire ; " The Mission of Intellect," a poem delivered in N.Y. in 1852; "The Gospel of Labor," 1853, and many short pieces pub. in a large illustrated edition in Phila., 1856. He has also written the" Lydian Queen," a tragedy, 1848 ; a " Comprehensive Summary of General Philosophy," Phila., 1845 ; and a " Class Book of Governments and Civil Society," N.Y. 1859. At one time, a member of the legisl. of N.Y. Duggan, Peter Paul, artist, b. Ireland ; d. Paris, Oct. 15, 1861. He came early to this country; developed a taste for his art while quite young, and qualified himself for an art professorship in the N.Y. Free Acad, soon after Its opening. He had long beeiL-ali invalid. Resided some years near Lonik,'and lemoved to Paris in May, 1861. Though the crayon was his favorite medium, he occasionally painted a masterly oil head, like that of George L. Duyckinck. Du Lac, Perein, author of " Voijaqe dans les Dtux Luaisiaiifs," &.C., Paris, 8vo, 'l805. Dulaney, Daniel, lawyer and statesman, b. Md., July, 1721; d. Bait., Mur. 19, 1797. An eminent lawyer of Annapolis ; many years commiss. gen., sec., atty.-gen., and councillor of Md., before the Kevol. Though a loyalist, he stood up manfully against tbe Stamp Act. He was an able writer on the side of govt. Author of " Considerations on the Propriety of imposing Taxes on the British Colonies in N.A. for the Purpose of a Revenue," 1766, Loud , 8vo. Dulaney, William, col. U.S. marines ; d. BL-ltsville, Md., July 4, 1868. App. from Va., licut. of marines, j'une 10, 1817; capt. July, 1834 ; brcv. maj. " for meritorious conduct in the Florida war," Mar. 3, 1843 ; maj. Nov. 17, 1847. Served in the Me.tican war; com. the batt. on the fall of Maj. Twiggs; brev. lieut.- col. " for gallantry atChapultcpccand capture of De Belen Gate and City of Mexico,'' Sept. 14, 1847 ; col. marines, Apr 1862. — Gardner. Dumas (duma'), Mathieu, count, a French gen., b. Montpelicr, 23 Nov. 1753; d. Paris, 16 Oct. 1837. Entering the aimy in 1773, he served as aide to Rochambeau in Amer. (1780-3) ; performed missions to Turkey and Holland ; was a member of the legisl. assembly in 1791, and the friend of Lafayette; was condemned to death, and fled to Swiizer- land ; entered the military service of Napoleon, and was a gen. at Waterloo ; active in the revol. of 1830, and aided Lafayette in placing Louis Philippe on the throne. Besides some military works, he pub. " Memoirs of ray own Time," (1773-1826). His memoirs, entitled " Souvenirs," were pub. by his son. Dummer, Jeremiah, scholar and political writer, b. Boston, ab. 1G79; d. at Plastow, Eng., May 19, 1739. H.U. 1699. Son of Jeremiah, and grandson of Richard. On leav- ing college, he studied theology, and preached a few months, but was not popular. He passed several years at the U. of Utrecht, where he obtained a doctor's degree. Agent of Ms. in Eng., 1710-21. He wrote an admirable de- fence of the N.E. charters when they were threatened in 1721, the work giving the best specimen of his English style, which is un- commonly elegant and forcible. He also pub. a letter to a noble lord on the exped. to Canada, stating the great efforts made by Ms. for its conquest. While in Eng., he procured 800 volumes as a donation to Yale Coll. Dummer, William, bro. of Jeremiah, gov. Ms. ; b. Newbury, 1677 ; d. Boston, 10 Oct. 1761. While visiting Eng., he was app. lieut. gov. of Ms. 1716, acting as chief-magis- trate in 1723-8, and 1729, and enjoyed in a great degree the confidence of the people. He bequeathed his valuable farm and mansion- house for the endowment of Dummer Acad., Newburv, the first in Ms., opened Feb. 27, 1763. He was" a benefactor of H. U., and in 1719, capt. of the Anc. and Hon. Art. comp. Dumont, Ebenezer, brig -gen. U.S. vols., b. Vevay, Ind., Nov. 23, 1814. John, his flither, was a lawyer, member of the legisl. of Ind. 1822-3. His mother Julia L. (Corey), poetess (b. Waterford, 0., Oct. 1794 ; d. Jan. 2, 1857), pub. "Life-Sketches," N.Y., 1856. She was the earliest female writer of the West, whose works have been preserved. He was adm. to the bar. When the Mex. war began in 1846, as lieut.-col. 4th Ind. vols., disting. himself at the battle of Hnamantla ; afterward in the State legisl. ; was speaker of the house, and many years pres. of the State Bank. In 1861, at the head of the 7lh Ind. regt., he served in Western Va., at Laurel Hill, Rich Mountain, and Carrick'.^ Ford. Made brig.-gen. Sept. 3, 1861 ; and Sejit. 12, he was engaircd at Cheat Mountain. Ho com. the 17th brigade of the Army of tlioOliio, in Jan. 1862. May 5, 1862, he attacked and routed, at Lebanon, Ky., John Morgaii'scommand. Oct. 1862, he commanded the 12th division of Gen. BncU's army. Res. Feb. 28, 1863. M.C. IS63-7. D. April 16, 1871.' Duncan, James, col. and insp.-gcn. US. A., b. Cornwall, N.Y., Sept. 1810 ; d. Mobile, Julys, 1849. West Point, 1834. He served in the Florida war ; was wounded at the Onith- ladoche, Feb. 29, 1836; capt. 6 April, 1846. As an officer of light art, he did good service in the Mexican war. Brev. maj. for Palo Alto, May 8, 1846 ; brev. lieut.-col. for Rcsaca de la Palma, May 9, 1846 ; brev. col. for Monterey, Sept. 23, 1846 ; disting. also at the storm, o'f Molino del Rey, Chapultepcc, and capture of city of Mexico ; insp.-gen. Jan. 26, 1849. iDuncan, John M., traveller, d. Glasgow, Oct. 3, 1825, a. 31. Author of "Travels in the U.S. and Canada, in 1818-19," 2 vols., 12mo, 1823; "Sabbath among the Tuscaro- ras." Duncan, Johnson K., brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Pa., 1826 ; d. Knoxville, Jan. 1863. West Point, 1849. Entering the 3d U. S. Art., ho resigned Jan. 31, 1855; was an engineer at 287 New Orleans, and entered the Confed. service as col. ; was ap|). bri^.-f^en. from La., and com. I'urts Jackson and St. Pliilip at the time of the bomliardment by Famijut, becoming a prison- er of war on their surrender, Apr. 25, 1862. Duncan, Joseph, gov. of III. (18.34-8), b. Kv., ab. 1790; d. Jacksonville, III., Jan. 15, 1844. Self educated. He was an ensign at the brilliant defence of Fort Stephenson under Col. Croghan. lor wliirh he received from Congress the testimonial o( .1 Mvo, J, Feb. 13, 1835. Fi.x- ing his rr^iil'iirc in 111., he was soon elected maj.-gcn. of militi,i. tlnn State senator, where, in the session of 1824-5, he originated the law which first established common schools in the State; M.C. 1827-^5. He is identified with the early introduction of internal improve- ments into the State. — Gardner. Duncan, Silas E., capt. U.S.N., b. N.J. ; d. White Sulph Springs, Va., Sept. 14, 18.34. Midshipman, Nov. 15, 1809; acting lieut. and distinguished in Macdonough's victory on Lake Champlain,Sept. 6, 1814; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814; commander Mar. I, 1829. Duncan, Willia.m Cecil, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1857), Baptist clergvman and author, b. N.Y. City, Jan 24, 1824 J d. N. Orleans, La., May 1, 1864. Col. Coll. 1843, Ham. Theol. Sem. Ord. 1848. He in 1847 established at N. Orleans the Sont/i-ioestern Baptist Chronicle. He was 3 years prof, of Greek and Lalin in the U. of La.; then became pastor of the Coliseum- place Baptist Church in N.O., but, in the sum- mer of 1861, was, for his loyalty to the U.S. Govt., compelled to come North. After the capture of N. Orleans by the Union forces, he returned. Author of " A Life of John the Baptist," N. Y., 18.53; "The Pulpit Gift- Book," N.Y., 1855; " History of the Baptists for the First Two Centuries of the Christian Era," 1857, and " The Tears of Jesus." — ^/> pleton. Dundas, Francis, a British gen., d. Jan. 1824. Ensign 1st Guards, Apr. 1775; capt. Jan. 1778; lieut.-col. 1780; gen. 1812. He was in the battles of Brandy wine, Germantown, reduction of the forts on the Delaware, Mon- mouth ; joined Lord Conwallis in 1780; com. his advanced gunrd at Guilford and Yorktown, and saw considerable service in the iight com- pany 2d liatt. of Guards. He served at Mar- tinique, 1794 ; gov. of the Cape of Good Hope, 1796-1 803. — Pliilipart. Dundas, Thomas, maj.-gen. of Fingaiik, b. 1730; d. June 3, 1794. MP. for Orkney, 1770-80 and 1784-90. Lieut.-col. 80th in A"r- nold's Va. expedition, Dec. 1780, and under Cornwallis at Yorktown. — Ross's Cornwallis. Dunglison, Roblet, M.D., LL.D. (Y.C. 1825), physician and medical writer, b. Kes- wick, Eng'., 4 Jan. 1798 ; d. Phil., Apr. 1, 1869. M.D. London, 1819, and at the U.of Ezlangen, 1823. He commenced practice in Limd., hut, after a few years, came to the U.S , and from 1824 to 1833 was prof, of medicine in the U. of Va. He filled the chair of therapeutics and materia medica in 1833-6, in the U. of Md. ; and, from 1836 to 1868, was prof, of the insti- tutes of medicine and medical jurisprudence in Jeff. Med. Coll., Phila. He puli. nearly 20 vols.; among these are "Principles of Human Physiology," 2 vols., 8vo, 1832 ; " New Diction- ary of Medical Science and Literature." 2 vols., 8vo, 1833; "General Therapeutics and Mate- ria Medica," 8vo, 1836; " New Remedies," id a large ^ of the 1839, and "Human He.ilth," 1844, dictionary for the blind; 'lliMM Stomach and Bowels of ( Inlilo n. " 1824; " Introd. to Grrrnui ;in,l i; an Geog- raphy," 8vo, 1829; "Tli.j Mnlical Student," 8vo, 1837, 2d ed., 1844; " Discourse," com- memorative of P. S. Duponccau, 8vo, 1844 ; "Recollections of Europe in 1854, 8vo ; the " Va. Literar; V JIn.cum, " Svo, 1830. He was vice-pres. of :i II ill-; ,lii:i., .1 !.ir il.o blind, and of the Amer. I'li ,|,,. - as a member of many literary ;ri 1 •■ : iiHes. Heedit- ed ""Ma-cmlii ''- 1 •■■ 1 ir , llir "Cvcloptedia ofPrartaal M ■i!:riii,.," ■ i;....V, IMiv.mlogy," "Trai,/- M-,L,Iii,i.,i." ainl s.v.iJ smaller works. IM |.a>,ii:: la,:; . Iw ha.h.lited the LomlM<,l /;,/.-,.., and th.'.l/-./. [uhin.ifncer. Dunklin, Daxikl, gov. of Mo., 1832-6; d. J.ff. Co., Mo., Aug. 25, 1844, a. 54. Dunlap, Andrew of Ms. (1794-1835), author of " Admiralty Practice," Phila., 8vo, 18.36, 2d ed., N.Y., 1850. Dunlap, John, printer, and Revol. patriot, b. Strabane, Ireland, 1747 ; d. Pliila., Nov. 27, 1812. A.t lire age of 8 or 9, he came to live with his uncle \Vm., a printer and publisher of Phila., who, under Franklin, was postmasterat Lancaster, Pa. At 18, he took his uncle's busi- ness, and in Nov. 1771 , began the Pa. Packet, htcoming one of the most successful printers and editors of the country. While the British held Phila., from Sept. 1777, to July, 1778, his newspaper, devoted to the patriot cause, was ])ub. at Lancaster: from 1784, it was a daily, the first in the U.S. It now hears the name of Tlie North American and U.S. Gazctle. As printer to Congress, he first issued the " Dec- laration of Independence." An officer of the first troop of Phila. cav., the body-guard of Washington at Trenton and Princeton. In 1780, he subscribed .£4,000 to supply ))royision3 to the army. By his talents and industry, he acquired a large fortune. — Simpson. Dunlap, Robert P., lawyer and politician, h. Me., 1789; d. Brunswick, Me., Oct. 20, 1859. Bond. Coll. 1815. Adm. to the bar in 1818; member of the State legisl. 1821-2; State senator, 1823; pres. State senate, 1827- 9 and 1831-3; member executive council, 1833; gov. 1834-8; M.C. 1843-7, afterward pres. of the Board of Overseers of Bowd. Coll. ; coll. of customs, Portland, 1848-9; postmaster of Brunswick, 1853-7. Dunlap, S. F., son of Andrew, b. Boston, 1825. Author of "The Origin of Ancient Names," Camb., 8vo, 1856; repr. from the Chris. Examiner, July, 1856; " Vestiges of the Spirit History of Man," N.Y., 8yo, 1858; edited, with Notes, " Dunlap's Admiralty Prac- tice." — ^/Wonc. Dunlap, William, painter and author, b. Perth Amboy, N.J., Feb. 19, 1766; d. N.Y. City, Sept. 28, 1839. His father, an Irish officer, was wounded at Quebec, and, be- a loyalist, went to N.Y. in 1777, where Wn . paintmg and the! of 1783 executed a likeness of Washington. 288 In 1784, lie went to Eng., where he received instruction from West. He made a pedestrian toiir to Oxford with Dr. S. L. Mitchell in 17S6, then returned to New York, and mar- ried. Sept. 7, 1789, "The Father," a 5-act comedy, and the best of his pieces, was ln-ou;:ht out. He appeared once upon the stage him- self; in 1796 was associated with Hallam and Hodjkinson in the management of the John-st. Tlicatre, and in Jan. 1798, took the I'ark Theatre, where, in March, his tragedy of "Andre,'' in blank verse, was produced with success. In 1805, he rented the N.Y. Theatre, and in a short time became bankrupt. From 1814 to 1816, he was assist, payra.-gen. of the N.Y. militia. After many vicissitudes, he began, in 1816, a series of pictures, which placed him in the first rank of American art- ists. Among them are " Christ Rejected," " Bearing of the Cross," " Death on the Pale Horse," and " Calvary," which he con- sidered the best and most finished of his com- positions. Ho pub. memoirs of Cooke the tragedian in 1813, and of Charles Brockden Brown ; " History of the American Theatre," 8vo, 1833; "The Arts of Design in Ameri- ca," 1834; Hist, of the "New Netherlands," 2 vols., 8vo, 1840; "A Hi.story of N.Y. for Schools," 1837; and "Thirty Years Ago, or the Memoirs of a Water-Drinker," 1836. He was vice-|jres., and a founder of the " National Acad, of Design." Dunmore, John Moreat, 4th Earl, gov. of Va., b. 1732; d. Kamsgate, Eng., May, 1809. Descended in the female line from the liouso of Stuart, succeeded to the peer- age in 17.56. Made gov. of N.Y. in Jan. 1770, and of Va. in July, 1771. He arrived at Williamsburg early in 1772, and on occa- sion of the Va. assembly passing the resolu- tion recommending the committee of corresp., in March, 1773, immediately dissolved that body. Its act in the next session, of May, 1774, in setting apart the 1st of June, the day for closing the port of Boston, as a day of fasting, humiliation, and prayer, caused it to be again fortliwith dissolved. On the 20th of April, he caused the removal of the powder from the magazine at Williamsburg on' board an English ship. This proceeding caused the greatest excitement ; the people took arms under Patrick Henry; and the gov. was forced to compromise the affair by paying for the powder. June 6, he fled with his family, and took refuge on board the " Fowey," man- of-war. Rallying a band of Tories, runaway negroes, and British soldiers, he collected a naval force, and carried on a petty warfare, plundering the inhabitants on the James and York Rivers, and carrying off their slaves. Dec. 9, 1775, his followers suffered a severe defeat at the battle of Great Bridge, near Nor- folk ; and, on the following night, Dunmore took n-fn-j" nn ho:i.-,i ],;s fleet. Jan. 1, 1776, he s iiir,„lii,- rMer. In 1850, he was elected c.di. ,|. ,s( r. nt i|,e Missionary Society oftheM.lvl limvli, wliicli ]jost he still occupies. Editor of Wood's " Mosaic History of the Creation," with notes, 8vo, 1831. Contrib. to many pclodicals. Durfee, Job, LL.D., jurist and poet, b. Tiverton, R.I., Sept. 20, 1790; d. there July 26, 1847. Brown U. 1813. Son of Thomas, many years chief-justice of the C.C.P. for the county of Newport. He practised law success- fully; was M.C. in 1821-5; chosen a justice of the Supreme Court in May, 1833, and was chief-justice from June, 1835 until his death. Member of the State legisl. 1813-19, '27-9, and speaker, 1828. Author of " What Cheer, or Koger Williams in Exile," 1832, an edition of which was pub. in Eng., and of " Panidea," a philos. treatise. His writings were coll. and pub., with a memoir, by his son, 8vo, 1849. Durivage, Francis Alexander, b. Boston, 1814. Author of "Cyclopaedia of History," 8vo ; "Stray Subjects," 12mo; "Life Scenes." Translated, with W. I. Chase, Lamartine's "Revolution of 1848." Author of several plays and poems, and contrib- uted to periodicals. Co-editor o{ Ballou's Pic- torial. Durivage, John E., journalist and actor, b. Boston, 1813 ; d. Memphis, Tenn., Aug. 27, 1869. For 20 years, he had been connected with the press of Boston, N. York, N. Orleans, and Cal., where he founded the Aita Californian. He had for some years acted in the Western theatres. Author of some successful farces and burlesques. He was at one time aide to Gen. Wool. Durkee, Charles, statesman, b. Royal- ton, Vt., Dec. 5, 1807 ; d. Omaha, Jan. 13, 1870. He received an academical education at Royal ton ; became a merchant; removed to Wis. ab. 1830; was a member of the legisl. in 1837-8 and 1848; M.C. 1849-53; U.S. senator, 1855-61 ; delegate to the Peace Con- gress, 1861 ; gov. of Utah, 1865-9. In Con- gress, he was one of the early advocates of anti- slavery and freesoil principles. Durkee, Col. John, b. Windham, Ct., 1728; d. Norwich, May 29, 1782. He served in the French war ; was a major of militia. An early settler of the Wyoming Valley, but re- turned to Ct. As a major in Putnam's regt., he disting. himself highly at Bunker's Hill, and was a col. in the battles of Long Island, Ger- niantown, Harlem, White Plains, Trenton, Monmouth, and in Sullivan's exped. against the Six Nations; resigned 1780. Maj. Rob- ert, his bro.-in-law, a soldier of the French and Revol. wars, fell at the Wyoming massa- cre, 3 July, 1778. Duston, Hannah, heroine of N.E., m. Thomas D. of Haverhill, Ms., Dec. 3, 1677. She was the mother of, 13 children. When the Indians attacked Haverhill, March 15, 1698, her husband, with the children, escaped, and she, with an infant and her nurse, was captured. After proceeding a short distance, the infant was killed. Mrs. D. was taken to an island at the junction of the Menimack and Contoocook Rivers, being assigned to an Indian family of 12 persons. With the aid of a nurse and a hoy, also a prisoner, she killed the Indians with a hatchet, — all but a favorite boy and a wounded squaw, who escaped, — and returned safely to Haverhill with their scalps. Her house, occu- pied by Thomas Dustin, a descendant, was standing in 1816. Dutton, Henry, LL.D. {Y.C.1854),judge, b. Plymouth, Ct.,Feb. 12, 1796; d. N. Haven, April 12, 1869. Y.C. 1818. Grandson of Capt. Thos. of the Revoi. armv. He was a tutor at Yale in 1821-3; law prof, there in 1847-69 ; practised law at Newtown, and then at Bridgeport ; was State atty. ; was 5 times a member of the house ; State senator in 1 849, and one year judge of the N. Haven Co. Court; gov. of Ct. 1854-5; judge of the Superior Court, and of the Supreme Court of Errors, from 1861 to 1866. He pub. in 1833 a digest of the Ct. Reports, and a revision of Swift's digest, and was a member of the commissions of 1849 and 1866, to revise the State statutes, and was chairman of the committee which in 1854 prepared a new compilation of the State statutes. Dutton, SAMnEL William Southmatd, D.D. (B.U. 1856), Cong, clergyman, and writ- er, b. Guilford, Ct., March 14, 1814; d. Mil- burv, Ms., Jan. 26, 1866^ Y.C. 1833. Son of Rev. Aaron (Y.C. 1803). In 1834, ho tanght in Mount Hope Coll., Baltimore, and in 1834-5, was rector of the Hopkins grammar school. New Haven, and tutor m Yale from 1836 to 1838. From June, 1838, to his death, he was pastor of the North Church, N. Have tory during the last cei From the establishmen Eni/lander, in 1842, he was one of its editors, publishing, also, various addresses and sermons. A discourse preached at his funeral, by Rev. Leonard Bacon, has been pub. ; also a sketch of his life in the Cong. Quarterlij, Apr. 1866.— Ob. Ree. Yale, 1866. Duvall, Gabriel, jurist. Of Huguenot descent, b. Pr. George Co., Md., Dec. 6, 1752 ; d. there March 6, 1844. Clerk to the first Md. legisl. previous to the Declaration of Independ- ence. M.C. 1794-5 ; was a comptroller of the U.S. treasury from 1802 to Nov. 18, 1811, and was then app. a judge of the U.S. Supremo Court, which office he held until 1836. Duvall, William P., lawyer and states- man, b. Va., 1784; d. Washington, D.C., March 19, 1854. When quite young, he went to Ky., where he studied law, rose to eminence in the profession, and also became a noted poli- tician. He served as capt. of mounted vols. under Gen. Hopkins, Sept. 1812. M.C. 181.3- 15; he was gov. of Fla. Terr. 1822-34. In DXTY 291 n4^.j 1848, Gov. Duvall removed to Texas. lie was the orifrinal " Ralph Rinjjwood " of Washing- ton Irving, and "Nimrod Wildfire" of J. K. Pa.ildincr. Duyckinek (d!-kliik), Evert Arons- i-TCS, author, b. N.Y. Citv, Nov. 23, 1816. Col. Coll. 18.35. Evert, his "father, an entcr|Srising publisher of New York, b. 1765; d. 1833. In Dec. 1840, he commenced, with Cornelius Mat- thews, Arcturus, a journal of books and opin- ions, continued until May, 1842. He contrib. to the early numbers of tiie N.Y. Review. In 1847, he commenced the Literari/ ITVW,a weekly critical journal, which, with the exception of the interval. May, 1847, to Oct. 1848, he contin- ued, with his bro. Georyc L., until the close of 1853. In 1856, the bros. completed the " Cy- clopffidia of American Literature," 2 vols., 8vo., a work of great research and value, to which a suppt. was added by him in 1866. He has pub. the " Wit and Wisdom of Sydney Smith," and Poems relating to the Am. Rev. by Freneau, 1865. both with original mem- oirs; Nat. Port. Gallervof Eminent Americans, 2 vols, 1862: " History of the War for the Un- ion," 3 vols., 1861-5 ; Memorial of John Allan, printed for the Bradford Club, 1864; a Me- morial of Francis L. Hawks, D.D., read before the N Y. Hist. Soc , 1867, printed for the So- ciety in 1871. He has also contrib. largely to periodicals. A sermon bv his son, Rev. Henry Duyckinek of St. MarkVCh., N.Y., a promis- ing young clergyman (b. Nov. 6,1843; Col. Coll. 1867; d. Feb. 16, 1870), was printed in connection with funeral-services, in 1870. Duyckinek, George Long, bro. of E.A., b. at New York, Oct. 17, 1823 ; d. there Mar. 30, 1863. N. Y. U. 1843. He studied law, and was adm. to the N.Y. bar, but never prac- ti.sed. Besides his share in the " Cyclopaedia" and in the Literari/ World, he pub. " George Herbert," 1858; "Life of Bishop Thomas Ken," 1859 ; "Jeremy Taylor," 1860; "Lati- mer," 1861, and various essays and reviews in the periodicals of the day. Dwight, Harriso?? Gray Otis, D.D., missionary, b. Conway, Ms., Nov. 22, 1803 ; killed bv accident on the N. Vt. Railroad, Jan. 25,1862". H. U. 1825; And. Sem. 1828. Em- barking for the East in Jan. 1830, he settled in Constantinople, where, for near 30 3'ears, he preached, superintended schools, and edited a religious paper. Author of " Christianity brought Home from the East," 12mo, 185o"; " Memoir of Mrs. E. O. Dwight," N.Y., 1840. Dwight, Joseph, soldier and judge, b. Dedham, Ms., Oct. 16, 1703; d. Great Bar- rington, June 9, 1765. H. U. 1722. Son of Henry of Hatfield, and grandson of Timothy of Dedham. Adm. to the bar in 1733, he be- came judge of C.C.P., Worcester Co., in 1739, and in 1761 judge of the Co. Court, and of Probate of Berkshire Co. A brig.-gen. at the reduction of Louisburg, in 1745, he com. the Ms. Art., and was disting. and commended by Pepperell. In 1756, at the head of a brigade of militia, he served at Lake Champlain, in the second French war ; U years representative of Brookticld, speaker of the house in 1749. Dwight, Mart Ann, teacher, b. North- ampton, Ms., 1806 ; d. Morrisania, N.Y., Dec. 1858. In 1849, she pub. an excellent work on Grecian and Roman mythology, and in 1856 an elementary treatise on the tine arts. She had also prepared for publication an abridg- ment of " Lanzi's History of Painting." — Hist. Matj., iii.. 28. Dwight, Sereno Edwards, D.D. (Y.C. 1833), teacher and divine, b. Greenfield, Ct., May 18, 1786; d. Phila., Nov 30, 1850. Y.C. 1803. Son of Pres. Dwight, and in youth was remarkable for brilliant talents, and force of character. Tutor at Yale in 1806-1 ; and from 1810 to 181 5 practised law with success. During this period, he wrote his celebrated essay on the lawfulness of marriage with a wife's sister, entitled " The Hebrew Wife." In 1816, he en- tered the ministry, and was chosen chaplain of the U. S. senate." In the summer of 1817, he became p.astorof thePark-st. Church, Boston ; but in the spring of 1826, he resigned on ac- count of foiling health. In 1828-31, he conduct- ed with his bro. Henry, a large school in N. Haven, called The Gymnasium. Pres. of Ham. Coll., Clinton, N.Y.; 1833-5. He was an able preacher, a good writer, and a captivating and successful teacher. Author of the Life of his relative, Jonathan Edwards, " Sermons and Addresses," " The Life of Brainerd," 1822 ; a vol. on the "Atonement," 1830; a vol. of " Select Discourses," pub. in 1851, together with a memoir by his bro. Rev. Dr. W. T. Dwight. He edited Jonathan Edwards's Works, 10 vols., 8vo, 1830. Dwight, Theodore, lawyer and brilliant political writer, b. Northampton, Ms., 16 Dec. 1764; d. N.Y., June 11, 1846. Bro. of Pres. Dwight. His mother was dau. of Pres. Edwards. He studied law at Hartford, prac- tised with repute, wrote frequently on political subjects, became very popular with the Federal party, was many years in the senate of Ct. ; M.C. 1806-7. His eloquence and readiness in debate insured him a leading part in Congress ; and he was a prominent advocate of the bill for the suppression of the slave-trade. He ed- ited the Minor, pub. at Hartford, the leading Federal journal in that State during the war. Sec. of the Hartford Convention, the proceed- ings of which, he pub. in 1833. In 1815, he pnb. tha Albanij Dai/// Aduerliser, and, two years afterwards, commenced the N. Y. Daili/ Adver- tiser, continuing to act as assoc. editor and proprietor, until the great fire of 1835, when he relinquished his interest, and retired with his fiimily to Hartford. He was a founder, and long an active director, of the Bible Socie- ty. He had a hand in the poetical and politi- cal essays of T/te Echo in the Hartford Mercury, in common with Hopkins and Alsop. He was the author of " Character of Thos. Jeffer- son, as exhibited in his own Writings," 1839 ; " Dictionary of Roots and Derivations." Dwight, Thi-odore, author, b. Hartford, Ct., Mar. 3, 1796; d. Brooklyn, Oct. 16, 1866, from injuries received by a railroad accident. Y.C. 1814. Son of the preceding. After visiting a great portion of Europe, in 1821, he pub. "A Tour in Italy," 1824. In 1833, he removed to Brooklyn, engaged in philan- thropic and literary pursuits ; assisted his father in editing the Daili) Advertiser; after- ward taught school in Brooklyn, and then in N. Y. City. Was engaged in several maga- itines and periodicals, and edited and pub. the N. Y. Presbyterian. He was a good linguist, and was a member of many scientific, literary, and philosophic societies. Author of a " Hist, of Connecticut." 1841 ; a vol. on the revol. of 1848 ; " A Summer Tour in tiio Nm-thern and Middle States," 1847; i.m > ,,!,;;ni.ii.,n witli Wm. Darby), "AN. •■ '.i i ., >.i [he U.S.," 18.3.3; " Schoolma-i , . I : -vu, lS.3->; " The Northern Trivrl,,,' i-,,h,, 1841; " Lessons in Greek," 12mo, 1 S.'!3 ; The " Fath- er's Book;" "Lifeof Garibaldi," 1859. Some of his poetical pieces are in Everest's Poets of Ct. Dwight, Timothy, 1).D.(X.,T C.,11. 1787), LL.D. (H.U. ISKi), ,lnn,r ;„nl .,l,„lar, b. Northampton, Ms.. 11 Mu, 1 ::._': 4 .\. Haven, llJaii. 1817. Y. C. I Toll. ( ni 1 iiiKiihv, bis father, was a merchant, and ilN I'i.Ihh', 1772. Mary, his mother, .1 i;i ,; . ii m Edwards, was a woman of i i i excellence. Tutor at Yale, i::i ; i I to preach, and a chaplain in i, 1: Sept. 1777-Oct. 1778. He.li.i m ', i . i, n the enthusiasm of the soldii'i , , " patriotic songs. He then wjil. I .n a i nin 4 years, aiding in the support of Iiis mutlier and fiimilv. and occasionally preacliing; member of the k-isl. in 1781 and 1786; ord. minister of Green tield, Ct., 12 Nov. 1783, and at the same time taught an acad. with success ; pres. of Yale Coll. from Sept. 1793 to his death; at the same time prof, of theol., and preacher in the coll. chapel. In 1796, he began travelling through the N.E. States and N.Y. during his college vacations ; publishing in 1821, in 4 vols., 8vo, " Travels in N.E. and N.Y.," a work of permanent value and interest in regard to the natural history and social condition of the country. He was eminently qualified as an instructor, and largely increased the usefulness of Y. Coll. Dr. Dwight had a commanding presence, great industry and research, and a wonderful memory ; was a strong, sound, and impressive preacher, and a poet of no mean ability. Authorof " The Conquest of Canaan," an epic poem, finished in 1774, pub. 1785; "Greenfield Hill," a poem, 1794; a revision of " Watts's Version of the Psalms," 1800; " Theology Explained and Defended," 5 vols., 1818, which has passed through many editions ; " Sermons," 2 vols., 1828 ; " Remarks on the Review of Inchiquin's Letters," pub. in the Quarterli/ B(uieii>,lSl5; and many occasional sermons. In 1772, he delivered at Y.C. a dis- sertation on the " History, Eloquence, and Poetry of the Bible," pub. both in the U.S. and Europe. His son Henry Edwin (Y.C. 1815), author of "Travels in the N. of Ger- many," 1825-6, d. N. Haven, 11 Aug. 1832, a. 35. Dwight, William Tiieodore, D.D. (B C. 1846), clergyman and author, b. Green- field, Ct., June 15, 1795 ; d. Andover, Ms., Oct. 22, 1865. Y.C. 1813. Son of Pres. Dwight. Tutor in Y.C. 1817-19 ; in 1821 was adin. to the barof Phila., at which he practised 10 years. Pastor of the 3d Cong. Church, Portland, Me., from June 6, 1832, to May, 1864. He was one of the most prominentand influential ministers in Maine, and excelled as a preacher. Pres. of the Portland Benevolent Soc, of the Me. Missionary Soc., of the Cong. Library Assoc, of the Board of Visitors of Andover Theol. Seminary, and of the Albany Convention of Cong. Churches. He pub. a " Memoir of Rev. S. E. Dwight, D.D," 1851 ; orations, addresses, discourses, and review articles.— Y.C. Obit. Record. Dyer, Eliphalet, LL.D. (Y. C. 1787), soldier and jurist, b. Windham, Ct., Sept. 28, 1721 ; d. there May 13, 1807. Y. C. 1740. He commenced the practice of law; in 1745-62 was representative to the Gen. Court. He com. a Ct. regt. during the French war (app. 1755) ; was elected a member of the council in 1762; went to Eng. in 1763 as agent of the Susquehanna Company, and was a delegate to the Stamp Act Congress in 1765. He was also a delegate to Congress in 1774, and, except- ing 1779, held during the war a seat in that body. He was app. a judge of the Supreme Court in 1766, and in 1789-93 was cbicC- justlce. — Ror/ers. Dyer, Mary, wife of William, was a dis- ciple of Anne Hutchinson, and a victim to the persecution of the Quakers; hanged on Boston Common, June 1, 1060. Quakers were by statute excluded from the boiimls of Ms. ; anil death was the penalty for a sofanid visit. Mary Dyer, who had h-l, on ih,- rnartmrnt of the law, soon returiiril rn i i . ■ : , (j|ler up her life. She was an i ! i it to prison; was reprieved aft: : ■■■^'. . i :ocxccution, and was, against Iili «iil, luiih>uJ out of the Colony. She speedily returned, and suffered as a willing martyr. Eagle, Henky, commo. U.S.N., b. N.Y. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1818 ; licut. Mar. 3, 1827; com. June 4, 1844; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; commo. retired list, July 16, 1862. Attached to sloop "Natchez," W. I. squad. 1830-3; com. bomb-vessel " jEtna," during the Mexican war; stationed at Tabasco, also civil and mili- tary gov. of the Province, 1847; com. frigate "Santee," Gulf squad., 1861-2, organizing and sending out several successful expcds. against the enemy while stationed in the Gulf. Eames, Charles, lawyer, journalist, and diplomatist, b. New Braintree, Ms., Mar. 20, 1812; d. Washington, D.C., Mar. 16, 1867. H.U. 1831. He studied at the Camb. Law School, but was prevented by ill health from practising, and in 1845 took a position in the navy dept. A few months later, he became assoc. editor of the Washington Union, and was app. by Mr. Polk eoinraiss. to the Sandwich Islands for the negotiation of a treaty. In 1850, he returned, and, after editing the iVa.sA- vitle Union for six months, again edited the Union, until sent minister to Venezuela by Pres. Pierce. He returned to Washington in 1858, where he practised law until his death. During the last 5 years of his life, his manage- ment of prize-cases showed him to be one of the best admiralty lawyers of the country ; while he won high distinction by his great knowledge of international law. Earle, Pliny, inventor, b. Leicester, Ms., Dec. 17, 1762; d. there Nov. 29, 1832. lu EAS 1785, he, with Edward Snow, manufactured cards for cardin;j cotton and wool. Mr. Earle at first made these liy hand, but soon invented the machine, siill in use, for tlieir manufacture, by which the labor of a man for 15 hours could be performed in as many minutes. He was a member of the society of Friends. Earle, Pliny, M.D. (18.37), physician. Son of the preceding, b. Leicester, Ms., Dec. 31, 1809. Educated at the Friends' Boarding School at Providence, where he afterward taught. He travelled in Europe, returned to Phila. in 18.39: from 1840 to 1842 was resi- it nlivs d. Pa. ; ford. Pa. ; from 18+4 to April, 1849, was physi- cian to the insane asylum, Bloomingdale,N.Y., when he visited the insane hospitals of Europe. In 185.3, he was app. visiting physician to the N.Y. City lunatic asylum. He has written much in tlie medical and scientific journals, and the Journal of Insanity. He pub. " Mar- athon and other Poems," in 1841, but soon withdrew the edition from the market ; " Visit to 13 Asylums for the Insane in Europe;" " History, Description, and Statistics of the Bloomingdale Asylum," 1848 ; avolume on in- Btiiutions for the insane in Germany and Aus- tria, pub. originally in the Journal of Insan- ilij, also a series of articles on " Blood-letting in Mental Disorders," in book-form, 1854. Earle, Ralph and James, painters. Ralph b. Leicester, Ms., 11 Mav, 1751 ; d. Bolton, Ct., 16 Aug. 1801. Grandson of Ralf, an ear- ly settler of L. He painted in Ct. in 1775, and executed 4 hist, paintings (believed to be the first ever exec, by an Amer. artist), represent- ing views of the battle of Lexin- original Portfolio," 1863 ; " Chicora, and other Regions of the Conquered," 1854; "Aunt Phillis's Cabin," a reply to " Uncle Tom's Cab- in," in 1852; "Tales of Fashionable Life," also many tales and sketches for Arthur's and other magazines. Eastman, Philip, LL.D., jurist, b. Chat- ham, N. H., Feb. 1799 ; d. Saco, Me., Aug. 7, 1869. Bowd. Coll. 1820. Adm. to the bar in 1823; practised at N. Yarmouth, 182.3-36. Harrison, 1836-47, and at Saco, 1847-69. In 1840, with Ebenezer Everett, he revised and pub. the " General Statutes of Maine;" State senator, 1840-2 ; on the north-eastern bounda- ry commission in 1842-3; commissioner for Cumberland Co., 1843-8. In 1849, he pub. a digest of the first 26 vols, of the " Maine Law Reports." Eastman, SEXH.brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Brunswick, Me., 24 Jan. 1808. West Point, 1829. Entering 1st Inf, he became capt. 12 Nov. 1839; maj.Sth Inf,31 Oct. 1856 ; lieut.- col. 1st Inf, 9 Sept. 1861 ; brev. col. and brig.- gen. 9 Aug. 1866; retired 3 Dec. 1863. As- sist, teacher of drawing at West Point, 1833- 40 ; in tlie Florida war, 1840-1 ; author of a " Treatise on Topographical Drawing," 1837 ; " History, Condition, and Future Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the U.S.," illustrated, and pub. by order of Congress, 1850-7. Easton, Col. James, Revol. soldier, b. Hartford, Ct. ; d. Pittsfield, Ms. He was a builder. Removed from Litchfield, Ct., to Pitts- field, in 1763. Was a prominent citizen, an active patriot, and member of the legisl. 1774. He raised a regt. in Berkshire ; was one of the leaders in the exped. which captured Ticonde- roga. May 9, 1775; and was the bearer of the intelligence to the Prov. Congress. He was one of the earliest to advocate ihe invasion of Canada ; com. a regt. under Montgomery, ren- dering valuable service up to the close of the year 1776. and received the thanks of Congress, Jan 9, 1776. His further service in the army was prevented by the enmity of Arnold. He sacrificed his whole fortune in the service of his country, and d. in poverty. Easton, Nicholas, gov. of R. I., 1650-2, 1672-4; d.Newport,15 Aug., 1675, a.82. Came from Wales in 1634, with his two son.';. Peter and John, resided 1 year at Ipswich, then in Newbury, and in 1638 removed to Hampton. He was one of the first settlers of both the last-mentioned towns, and having, in conse- quence of some differences with the govt., re- moved to Portsm.. R.I., in 1638. and afterwards to Newport, erected in. that place the first house. John, his son, gov. 1690-5, d. 1705, a. 88, was author of " A Narrative of the Causes which led to Philip's Indian War of 1675-6," pub. by F. B. Hough, Albany. 1858. Eaton, Amos, botanist, b. Chatham, N.Y., Mav, 1776; d. Troy, N.Y., May 6, 1842. Wms. Coll. 1799. He fitted himself for college while a blacksmith's apprentice ; studied law un- der Alex. Hamilton, and was adm. to the bar. Becoming agent and surveyor of the Living- ston estates on the Hudson River, he studied chemistry, mineralogy, and botany, and com- menced lecturing on the natural sciences, at Wms. Coll. in 1817. In 1820, Gen. Stephen Van Rensselaer employed him to make a geo- logical survey of the region through which the Erie Canal afterward passed, which was pub. in 1824. When Rensselaerestablished the institute at Troy, he made Eaton senior prof. He pub. " Index to the Geology of the Northern States," 1818; "The Philos. Instructor." 1824; "A Geol. Text-Book," " A Manual of the Botany of N. America," 1833. the first popular text- book of that science pub. in the U.S.. and a " Treatise on Engineering and Surveying," 4to. N.Y. Eaton, Amos B., brev. maj.-gen. and com- mis.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. West Point, 1826. Entering the 2d Inf, he became capt. 1 Mar. 1839; transferred to commis. dcpt. 7 July, 1838; raaj. 9 May, 1861 ; col. 9 Feb. 1863; brig.-gen. and com.-gen. 29 June, 1864; brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. He served in the Florida war, 1837-41 ; chief com. of subsist. in Gen. Taylor's army in Mexico in 1847-8; and brev. maj 23 Feb. 1847, for gallant and merit, conduct at Buena Vista. — Cullttm. Eaton, Cyrus, b. Framingham. Ms.. Feb. 11. 1784 40 years a successful teacher in Me. Became totally blind in 18+5. Author of "Annals of Warren. Me." 8vo. 1851 ; " Wo- man," a poem, 1854 ; " Hist, of Thomaston, Me.,"8vo, 2 vols., 1865. Eaton, Horace. M.D., gov. of Vt., 1846- 9, b. Barnard, Vt., June 22, 1S04 ; d. July 4, 1855. Mid. Coll. 1825. He practised medi- cine in Enosbury from 1828 to 1848, when ha was app. prof of chemistry and nat. hist, in Mid. Coll., subsequently residing at Middle- bury. Some years a member of the legisl. ; lieut.-gov. frorn 1843 to 1846 ; supt. of schools from 1845 to 1850. and member of the Const. Conv. in 1848. Eaton, Major John Henry, a noted poli- tician, b. Tenn.; d. Washington, D.C.. Nov. 17, 1856. a. 66. U.S. senator from Tenn., 1818-29 ; sec. of war under Pres. Jackson (as well as a warm personal friend). 1829-31 ; gov. of Fla. Terr. 1834-6, and minister to Spain, 1836-40. Author of an elaborate Life of Jackson, 8vo, 1824. Eaton, Theophilus, first gov. of New 295 KDD Haven Colons', — from 1638 till his d., Jan. 7, 1657, a. 66; b. Stony Stratford, Co. Bucks, Eng. His father was a clergyman. He was bred a merchant ; was for some years the Eng- lish agent at the court of Denmark, and was afterward a merchant of Lond., of high rejinte. He accomp. Mr. Davenport to N.E. in 16.37 ; was soon chosen a magistrate of Ms., and was one of the founders of New Haven in 1638. His bros. Samuel, assist, minister to Mr. Davenport in 1640-44, d. Eng. 1665; Natii'l. was first head of Harv. Coll. 1637-9. Eaton, Gen. William, b. Woodstock, Ct., 23 Feb. 1764; d. Brimfield, Ms., 1 June, 1811. Dartin. Coll. 1790. His father, a school- master and farmer, removed to Mansfield, ab. 1774. The son acquired a good English edu- cation, and at 16 entered the Revol. army, which he left in 1783, with the rank of sergeant. He taught school in Vt. in 1788-91 ; was clerk of the H. of delegates in Oct. 1791 ; capt. in the U.S.A. in 1792-7, and July 11, 1797, was made consul to Tunis, where he arrived in Mar. 1799. He concerted with Hanict the lawful chief of Tripoli, then in exile, an exped. against the usurping bashaw ; captured Deine by assault, 27 Apr. 1305, and repulsed several attempts to retake the place with severe loss to the as-ail- ants. Eaton was on the point of completing his project, and capturing Tripoli, when he learned that a treaty of peace had been made, by which he was comi)elled to evacuate Derne. Eaion was well received on his return home; was honorably mentioned in the President's mes- sage to Congress, and was granted by the Icgisl. of Ms. 10,000 acres of land, but failed to obtain compensation from the govt, for his pecuniary losses, or such employment as his talents and services entitled him "to expect. The King of Denmark presented him with an elegant ac- knowledgment in a gold box, of services he ren- dered several captured Danes at Tunis. In the winter of 1806 Burr endeavored, ineffectually, to enlist him in his conspiracy; and, on his trial at Richmond, Eaton testified against him. This bold and enterprising man, under the inflaence of disappointment, fell a victim to intemperance a few years later. His letters and journal were pub. in " The Life of Gen. Eaton," written by Prentiss, 8vo, 1813. An- other, by C. C. Fclton, compiled from Eaton's papers, is in " Sparks's Amer. Biog." Ebeling, Christopher Daniel, a Ger- man scholar and author, b. Hildesheim, Nov. 20, 1741 ; d. Hamburg, June .30, 1817. He studied theology at Giittingen, but devoted himself to geographical studies, and held for 33 years the professorship of history and Greek in the Hamburg Gymnasium, and was supt. of the Hamburg Library. For his great work, " Geography and History of N. America," Hamburg, 1793-9, in 5 vols., he received the thanks ot the U.S. Congress. He paid special attention to this subject, and coll. about 10,000 maps, andnearly 4,000 books, relating to Amer. This valuable coll. was purchased, and pre- sented to the library of Har. Coll. in 1818, by Israel Thorndike. Eberle, John, M.D., phvsician and medi- cal writer, b. Hagerstown, Md., 10 Dec. 1787 ; d. Lexington, Kv., Feb. 2, 1838. U. of Pa. 1809. He edited a political paper awhile in Phila. ; began to edit the Med. Recorder in 1818, which he continued 5 or 6 years ; was one of the founders of the Jeff. Med. Coll. of Phila., and lecturer on materia medica, and theory and practice ; was a prof, in the Med. Coll. of Ohio, 1831-7, and in the Transylv. Med. School at Lexington from 1837 until his death. He was one of the editors of the Western Med. Gazette and the Ohio Med. Ltjceuin. Author of " Eberle's Therapeutics," 1822; "Theory and Practice of Medicine;" " Eberle's Notes ; " " Diseases of Children ; " "Amer. Med. Recorder," Phila., 8vo, 1819 ; "Botanical Terminology," 1818. Eccleston, SaSiuel, D.D., 5th R.C. archbishop of the U.S., h. Md. 1801; d. Georgetown, DC, April 8, 1851. Educated at St. Mary's Coll. He visited Eng., Ireland, and France, after his ordination, and, soon af- ter his return to Md., was elected, first to the vice-presidency, and subsequently to the presi- dency, of St. Mary's Coll. Sept. 14, 1834, he was app. assist, bishop to Archbishop White- field, whose death in that year invested him with the title and honors of the principal see of the church in the U.S. Eckford, Henkt, shipbuilder, b. Irvine, Scotland, March 12, 1775; d. Constantinople, Nov. 12, 1832. At 16, he was placed with John Black, a maternal uncle, and naval con- .structor at Quebec, and in 1796 began busi- ness in N.Y., where he soon introduced im- provements in naval architecture, and took the lead in his profession. During the War of 1812, he constructed the ships-of-war on the Lakes with such exped. and skill, that the glori- ous results may be partially attributed to him. Soon after the war, he built the steamer " Rob- ert Fulton," which in 1822 made the first suc- cessful steam-trip to N. Orleans and Havana. App. naval contractor at Brooklyn in 1820, 6 ships-of-the-line of which " The Ohio "was the first, were constructed after his models. Dis- gusted with the interference of the board of naval commissioners, he left the govt, service, and was afterward employed in building ves- sels-of-war for various European powers, and for some of the Republics of S.A. He made a plan for the re-organization of the navy at the request of Pres. Jackson, and projected a pro- fessorship of naval architecture for Col. Coll. In 1831, he constructed a ship-ofwar for Sul- tan Mahmoud, which led him to visit Turkey, where he organized a navy-yard. Eddy, Samuel, LL.D. (1801), judge, b. Johnson, R.I., March 31, 1769 ; d. Providence, Feb. 2, 1839. Brown U. 1787. He studied law, but did not long practise it ; was clerk of the Sup. Court in 1790-3; was sec. of State in 1798-1819 ; M.C. 1819-25, and was, in 1827-35, chief-justice of the Sup. Court of R.I. He madevaluable contribs. to the Colls, of the Ms. Hist. Society, and pub. a work on " Antiquities." Eddy, Thomas, philanthropist, b. Phila., Sept. 5, 1753; d. N.Y., Sept. 16, 1827. His parents were Quakers. He began to trade in New York in 1779, afterward became an insur- ance-broker in that city, and was successful. He was active in originating the " Pcnitenti- 296 ary System " of N.Y., ami, in ISOI, pub. his oclebralcd work on tlic Siati' I'li^nn of N.Y. The N.Y. Hospital, of whirl, Ur was lonj; a gov., the Insane Asvliuii at i;iM"inni;,nialc, the great Erie Canal, tlie N.V. Savjn-s Institu- tion, and the N.Y. Bible Sui-iety, were fostered or orii;inateJ l>y him, and his labors earned for him the title of the American Howard. — See Memoir, hij Samml L. Knapp, 8vo, 1834. Eden, Charles, gov. N.C., 1713-22; d. March 26, 1722, a. 48. Eden, Sik Robert, last roy. gov. of Md., b. Durham, Eng. ; d. Annapolis, Sept. 2, 1786. He succeeded Sharpe in 1768, and was more disposed to moderation than any of the other British officers, and complied reluctantly with the order of Congress to relinquish his govt. After the restoration of peace, he returned from Eng. to this country for the recovery of his estates, to which he was entitled by the treaty of 1783. He was a l.ro. of Sir John Eden, and m. Ladv ('alv.rf, si^trr of Lord Baltimore. Create! a l.ao.iHi, (i, t. 19,1776. His grandson, Sir Frrdri uk Ivlrn. an officer in the British army, fell at New Orleans, 24 Dec. 1814. Eden, William, Lord Auckland, a dis- ting. diplomatist. Son of Sir Robert, and bro. of the preceding, b. 1744; d. May 28, 1814. Was in 1778 one of the 3 commissioners who came to the U.S. to negotiate with tlie revolted Colonies. Edes, Benjamin, Eevol. journalist, b. Charlestown, Ms., Oct. 14, 1732; d. Boston, Dec. 11, 1803. Son of Peter and Esther of C, and descended in the fourth gen. from John of C, who was b. in Lawford Co., Essex, Eng- land, March 31, 16.'51. A. and Hon. Art. Co., 1760 ; styled " captain ; " and was one of the Sons of Liberty. In his printing-office in Queen (now Court) St., many of the " Boston Tea Party " disguised themselves, and, on their return, did justice to a punch served in a punch-bowl still preserved among his descend- ants. In 1755, he began, with John Gill, the publication of the Boston Gazette and Country JowTial, a newspaper of deserved popularity, unsurpassed in patriotism, and zeal for the cause of liberty, to whose columns Otis, the Adamses, Quincy, and Warren — the personal friends of Mr. Edes — were constant contribut- ors. Mr. Edes wielded a caustic pen, ever ready to deal with the political questions of the day. In his letters to Lord Hillsboro', Gov. Bernard advised the arrest of both Edes and Gill, as publishers of sedition. During the siege of Boston, Edes having dissolved partner- ship with Gill, and admitted his sons to his business, removed his press to Watertown,and there continued to print the Gazette, which was the " chosen mouthpiece of the Whigs." The Gazette was discontinued Sept. 17, 1798, hav- ing been edited by Mr. Edes for 43 years. At the opening of the Revol. war, he possessed a handsome property, which was wholly lost by the depreciation of the currency. An obituary appeared in the Independent Chronicle of Dec. 19, 1803. — See Buckingham's Remin. of Print- Edes, Petek, son of the preceding, b. Bos- ton, Dec. 17, 1756; d. Bangor, Me., ia 1840. In partnership with his father; afterwards re- sided in Newport, R.I., Augusta and Hallo- well, Me. Gen. Gage ordered his arrest " for having fire-arms concealed in his house ; " and, two days after the battle of Bunker's Hill, he was thrown into prison in Boston, where he remained about three months. His journal, in MS., kept during his confinement, is in posses- sion of the family. Edmonds, Francis W., banker and artist, b. Hudson, N.Y., Nov. 22, 1806; d. at his seat on the Bronx River, ab. 1860. Son of Gen. Samuel. He studied at the Nat. Acad, of Design, and became cashier of a bank, employing his leisure with his pencil. In 1835, he sent to the acad. his first picture, " Sammy the Tailor," which attracted atten- tion, and was followed by the " Penny Pa- per," " Sparking," " The' City and Country Beaux," "Dominie Sampson," " Commodore Trunion," &c. He became a member of the acad. in 1840 ; afterward visited Lond., Paris, and Rome, and assisted in the resuscitation of the American Art Union, and in the estab- lishment of the N.Y. Gallery of Fine Arts. Edmonds, John Worth, jurist and Spiritualist, b. Hudson, N.Y., March 13, 1799. Un. Coll. 1816. Adm. to the bar in 1819, he began practice in Hudson in 1820. Member of the legi.sl. in 1831, and of the senate and Court of Errors in 1832-6. In 1836-7, he was sent by govt, on special missions to the Indians on the frontiers. In 1837, he resumed practice in N.Y. City; became prison-inspector in 1843, inaugurating important reforms in the treat- ment of criminals; circuit judge, 1845-7; judge of the Sup. Court, 1847-1852, an.l member of the Court of Appeals in 18.52-3, when he retired, and has since practised in New York. He became an avowed advocate of the belief in the intercourse of man with the spirits of the departed, in 1853, and in 1854-5 pub. "Spiritualism," in 2 vols., 8vo. He has pub. other works on the same subjects. Edwards, Bela Bates, D.D., scholar, b. Southampton, Ms., July 4, 1802 ; d. Ga., April 20, 1852. Ainh. Coll. 1824. Descended from a Welsh family, embracing the two Jona- than Edwardses and Pres. Dwight among its descendants. Before he was 11, he liad read the Bible through seven times, and Scott's Notes twice. He studied theology at Ando- ver. Tutor at Amh. Coll. 1826-8; sec. of the Education Society until 1833. In 1837, he was app. prof, of Hebrew in the tlieol. sem., and in 1848 was elected to the chair of bibli- cal literature. He pub. the " Ecletie Reader," and an introd. to it, " Biography of Self- taught Men," " Memoirs of E. Cornelius," 1 842 ; a vol. on the " Epistle to the Gala- tians," the Missionary Gazetteer, 1832 ; translat- ted, annotated, and criticised a large number of works; also ed. the Aniei: Quarlerlii Rer/is- ter, 1827-42 ; conducted the Ainer. Qmrterly Observer (1833-6), the Biblical Repository (1835-8), and afterwards the Bibliotheca Sacra and Theol. Review (1844-52). A selection of his sermons, lectures, and addresses, with a memoir, bv Prof. Park, was pub. in 2 vols., 12mo, Bos'ton, 1853. Edwaxds, Bryan, historian, b. Westbury, 297 Wilts., Eng., May 21, 1743 ; d. July 15, 1800. He inherited a large fortune in Jamaica, became an eminent merchant, and a promi- nent member of the colonial assembly ; returned to Eng., and in 1796 took his seat for the borough of Grampound, wliich he represented until his death. Author of " Thoughts on the Trade of the W.I. Islands with the U.S.," 1784; " History of the British Colonies in the W. Indies," 1793, 2 vols., 4to. A new edition of this work, pub. after his death, in 1801,3 vols., Svo, includes a " History of St. Do- mingo." — See Life prcf. to Hist. W.I. Edwards, Charles, lawyer in N.Y. City, b. Eng., 1797. Author of "Juryman's Guide," Svo, 18-31 ; "Parties to Bills and other Pleadings," 8vo, 1832; " Feathers from My Own Wings," 12uio, 18.33 ; " Receivers in Chancery," Svo, 1839. 1846; "Reports of Chancery Cases, 1st Circuit, N.Y., 1831-4.')," 4 vols., Svo ; " History and Poetry of Finger- Rings," 12mo, 1855; " Receivers in Equity," 1857; "Referees," 1860; "Stamp Act of 1862." Edwards, Henry Waggaman, LL.D. (Y.C. 1833), gov. of Ct., b. N. Haven, 1779; d. there July 22, 1847. N. J. Coll. 1797. Grandson of Jonathan. He studied at the Litchf. Law School, and settled in N. Haven. Was M.C. 1819-23; U.S. senator in 182.3-7; State senator, 1828-9 ; in 1830, a State repre- sentative, and speaker of the house, and gov, in 1833, and again in 1835-8. Edwards, Jonathan, the greatest of American metaphysicians, b. E. Windsor, Ct., 5 Oct 1703; d. Princeton, N.J.,22 Mar. 1758. Y. C. 1720. Timo. his father was minister of E.W. from May, 1694 to his d., 27 Jan. 1758, a. 88. H.U. 1691. Ho began to study Latin at 6, and before leaving coll. is said to have reasoned out for himself his great doctrine of freedom of the will Before he was 20, he began preaching to a Prcsb. congregation in N."Y. City; was a tutor at Yale in 1724-6; then an assist, to his maternal grandfather, Mr. Stoddard, minister of Northampton, whom he succeeded; ord. 15 Feb. 1727, and soon after m. Sarah Pierrcpont of N. Haven. Dismissed in June, 1750, lor insisting upon a purer and higher standard of admission to the commu- nion table. While missionary to the Stock- bridge Indians in 1751-7, he wrote his celebrat- ed work on '■ The Freedom of the Will," pub. 1754, and unequalled for close and subtile rea- soning. JIade pres. of N.J. Coll. in the latter part of 1757, and inaug. 16 Feb. 1758 ; d. soon afterward of small-pox. While at Stockbridge, his scanty means of subsistence were increased by a contrib. from his friends in Scotland, and by the industry of his wife and daughters, whose delicate handiwork was sent to Boston to be sold. He taught the doctrine, that phi- losophic necessity was compatible with freedom of the will, rightly defined, and with human responsibility, and was intensely attached to the system of Calvinism as opposed to that of Arminianism. Tall and slender in person, he had a high, broad, bold forehead, piercing and luminous eyes, and a countenance indicative of sincerity and benevolence. He left 5 daugh- ters and 3 sons, one of whom was afterward pres. of N.J. Coll. His other works are, " Treatise Concerning the Religious Affec- tions," 1746; "Inquiry into the Qualifications for Full Communion in the Church," 1749; " Original Sin," 1757 ; " Dissertation concern- ing the End for which God created the World," 1789; "True Nature of Christian Virtue," 1788; "Thoughts on the Revival of Religion;" " History of the RiHlociiptinn," nn.l " Life of David Brainerd." lli-v.i: i ■- -irli a Memoir by Sereno E. I).\ , li. 10 vols., Svo, N.Y. — &e, ro., also a math, and survcvor, d. Batavia, N.Y. ]826. — Applelon. Elliott, Charles, D. D. (Wesl. U. 1840), LL.D. (All. Coll. 1858). Methodist divine, b. Killybegs, Ireland, May 6, 1792; d. Mount Pleasant, Iowa, Jan. 6, 1869. He studied at Dublin; emig. to Amer. in 1814, and was received into the travelling connec- tion of the Ohio conference in 1818. In 1822, he was supt. of the Wyandotte Mis- sion, Upper Sandusky ; was subsequently, for 5 years, pres. elder of the Ohio district, and was in 1827-31 prof, of languages in Madison Coll., Uniontown, Pa. Stationed at Pittsburg in 1831, he was subsequently pres. elder of that dist. ; edited the Piitf'-i 'r. /' . , , Journal, and afterwards editfil r: II I'hrislian Advocate at Cincinnaii. i i !i i n imcd un- til 1848. Resuming In- i -ii.ii r, m.jI labor, he was in 1852 re-elected eilitor ul tiie Advocate for 4 vears. Pres. la. Wesl. U., 1856-60 and 1864-7. His publications ore, " A Treatise on Baptism," 1834; "Life of Bishop Roberts," 1853; "Delineation of Roman Catholicism," 1851 ; " Historv of the Great Secession from the M. E. Chufch,"_ 8vo, 1855 ; " Political Ro- manism," " Reminiscences of the Wyandotte Mission," and a" History of the M.E. Church in the South and West, from 1844 to 1866," 1868. Elliott, Charles Loring. portrait paint- er, b. Scipio, N.Y., Dec. 1812 ; d. Albany, Aug. 25, 1868. Placed in a country-store at Syracuse, he devoted all his leisure-time to his favorite pursuits of drawing and painting; went to New York ah. 1834, and became a pu- pil of Trumbull and then of Quidor. He first attempted portraits without success ; but some 302 ELL oil-paintings by him, representing scenes from [rving's and Paulding's works, attracted notice. After practising portrait-painting for 10 years in the western part of the State, he returned to N.Y.City, and established himself there. Many of his works are remarkable for the fidelity of the likeness and vigorous coloring. In 1846, he became a member of the Nat. Acad, of Design. Among his best portraits are those of Fletcher Harper, J. F. Cooper, Church and Durand, the artists, Gov. Morgan, and Col. Colt. Elliott, Charles VVvllys, author, b. Guilford, Ct., May 27, 1817 ; 5th in lineal de- scent from the " Apostle " Eliot. After some years of mercantile life in N.Y. City, he in 1838-9 studied horticulture and landscape- gardening with A. J. Downing, at Newburgh, and from 1840 to 1848 practised these pursuits at Cincinnati. Since 1850, he has resided in N.Y. He was one of the founders and first trustees of the " Children's Aid Society" in 1853. In 1857, he was app. one of the com- mis. for laying out the N.Y. Central Park. He has pub. " Mysteries, or Glimpses of the Supernatural," an attempt to refute Spiritual- ism, 12mo, 1854 ; "St. Domingo, its Revolution and its Hero, Toussaint L'Ouvcrture," 12mo, 1835; " The New-England History, from the Discovery of the Continent by the Northmen, A.D. 986 to 1776," 2 vols., 8vo, 1857 ; " Cot- tages and Cottage Life," 8vo, 1848. Elliott, James, M.C. from Vt., 1803-9, b. 1775; d. Newfane, Vt., 10 Nov. 1839. He was self-taught ; served under Gen. Wayne in the North-western campaigns of 1793-6, as a non-commissioned officer; was a clerk in a country-store at Guilford, Vt., and, while pre- paring for the bar, wrote in verse and prose for the Greenfield Gazelle, Dennie's Farmer's i[n- seiiin, and other papers. He resided a short time in Phila., where he edited the Freeman's Journal. Returning to Brattleboro', Vt., he established himself in the practice of law, and held several important State offices. He pub. at Greenfield, Ms., in 1796, a vol. of poetry and prose. Samdel, a younger bro., was also a writer, and a practitioiier at the Brattleboro' bar. — See Buckingham's Reminiscences, ii. Elliott, Jesse Ddncan, commodore U. S. N.. b. W.I , Julv 14, 1782; d. Phila., Dec. 10, 1845. Educated at Carlisle, Pa,, and studied law. Midshipm. Apr. 1804; lieut. Apr. 23, 1810; master, July 24, 1813; capt. March 27, 1818. He served in " The Essex," Capt. Bar- ron, during the Tripolitan war, and in that of 1812-15, served on the lakes, under Chaun- cey and Perry. Oct. 8, 1812, a boat exped. was organized under his com. on Lake Erie, for the capture of the British brigs " Detroit " and " Caledonia." They were boarded and captured with slight loss. For this exploit, he was presented by Congress with a sword. In the attack upon York, U.C , July 24, 1813, he com. " The Madison," and was highly com- mended. In Perry's famous victory on Lake Erie,Sept. 10,1813, Elliottcom." The Niagara," 20 guns, and for his conduct received a gold medal from Congress. A court-martial, app. at his request in consequence of insinuations to his disparagement, pronounced him " a brave and skilful officer." He succeeded Perry in the com. on Lake Erie, in Oct. 1813 ; joined Decatur's Mediterranean squadron, in the sloop " Ontario," early in 1815; from 1817 to 1824 was a coramiss. to select sites for dockyards, light-houses, and fortifications for the coast of N.C. ; com. the W. India squad., in 1829-32; in 1833 took charge of the Charlestown Navy- Yard, and afterward, in " The Constitution," cruised several years in the Mediterranean. On his return, he was court-martialled, and sus- pended four years. A part of this sentence was remitted, and in 1844 he was app. to the Phila. Navy- Yard. He was, though a man of kind feelings,a rigid disciplinarian. A " biographical notice " of him, " by a citizen of New York," was pub. Phila., 12mo, 1835. Elliott, Jonathan, publicist, b. near Car- lisle, Eng., 1784; d. Washington, March 12, 1846. Emig. to N.Y. ab, lti02. He was a printer, when in 1810 he vol. to assist in the establishment of the independence of New Granada, and was in several engagements un- der Bolivar, in one of which he was severely wounded. He was taken prisoner at the sur- render of Gen. Miranda, in 1812, and suffered many hardships, but returned to the U.S. in 1813, and served in the Amer. army in the War of 1812-15. In 1814, he located himself in Washington, and edited with ability, during 13 years, the Washinrjlon Gazette. Anthorof ""The American Diplomatic Code," 1827 ; " Debates on the Adoption of the Constitution," 1827-30; " Funding System of the U.S.," " Statistics of the U. S.," &c. ; " The Comparative Tar- itfs," " Sketches of the District of Columbia," 1830. He also edited the "Madison Papers," 8vo, 1845. Elliott, Stephen, LL.D.fY.C. 1819), bot- anist, b. Beaufort, S.C, Nov. 11, 1771; d. Charleston, March 28, 1830. Y. C. 1791. He applied himself to the improvement of his es- tate and the cultivation of letters ; was cho.sen to the legisl. at 22, continuing to serve until he became pres. of the State Bank, established in 1812. In 1813, he founded the Literary and Philosoph. Soc. of S.C, delivering in 1814 the first annual address, and subsequently a course of lectures on botany. Chief editor of the Sonlliern Review. He pub. " Botany of S.C. and Georgia," 2 vols., 1821-4; was pres. of several literary and scientific societies, and prof of natural history and botany in the State Med. Coll., which he was instrumental in es- tablishing in 1825. Elliott, Stephen, D.D., Pr.-Ep. bishop of Ga., son of the preceding, b. Beaufort, S.C, Nov. 13, 1805; d. Savan'nah, Dec. 21,1866. Col. Coll., S.C, 1825 ; H.U. 1824. He prac- tised law in Charleston and Beaufort until 1833 ; was ord. deacon in 1835 ; priest, July 22, 1838; andconsec. bishop, Feb. 28, 1841. Soon after he became a priest, he was made prof, of sacred literature in the S. C Coll. Elliott, Stephen, Jun., brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Beaufort, S.C, 1832; d. Aiken, S.C, 21 Mar. 1866. In 1861, he raised and equipped the Beaufort Artillery ; at Pinckney Island, Aug. 1862, he com. 3 batteries, and'w.as pro- moted for gallantry ; com. Fort Sumter during its long bomb., anil in July, 1864, was wounded by the explosion of a mine under his quarters. ELL Elliot, Washington L., brev. maj.-n;cn. U.S.A., I). Pa.; app. 2d lieut. mounted rifles, May 27, 1846 ; 1st lieut. July, 1847 ; capt. July, 1854 ; maj. Ist cav. Feb. 1862; lieut.-col. Aujj. 31, 1866. He disting. himself in conflicts with the Navajoes in New Mexico, Sept. 1838; brig.-gen. vols. June U, 1862; engaged at Springfleld and Wilson's Creek ; col. 2d Iowa cav. Sept. 1861 ; com. cav. brigade at New Ma- drid, Island No. 10, Corinth, and raid on Ohio and Miss. R. R. ; chief of cav., Army of Va., and wounded at second battle of Bull Run ; chief of cav.. Army of the Cumberland ; in the At- lanta eampiiijn, and pursuit of Hood ; com. division 4tli corps, Dec. 1864 to Apr. 1865; en- gaged in battles around Nashville, Tenn., for which be w;is brev. brig.-gen. U.S. A ,and brev. maj. -gen for gallant services in the war. Au- thor of " Manual for Cavalry." — Hmrij. Elliott, William, author and politician, b. Beaufort, S.C, April 27, 1788; d. there Feb. 1SG3. H. U. 1809. His father, William, {b. 1761, d. 1808), joined in the patriotic strug- gle against the mother-country, along with his uncles John, Edward, and Robert Barnwell. At the surprise on John's Island, he was dan- gerously wounded, taken prisr., and immured in a prison-ship. He served in both branches of the legisl. The son devoted himself for many years to the management of his estates, and served with credit in both branches of the , State legisl. During the nullification crisis of 1832, he resigned his State senatorship upon being instructed by his constituents to vote to nullify the tariff-law. He pub. in 1851 letters against secession, signed "Agricola." Con- trib. largely to the periodical press of the South; pub. an "Address before the St. Paul's Agricultural Society," 1850; " Carolina Sports by Land and Water," 1856 ; " Ficsco," a trage- dy, printed for the author in 1850, and a number of occasional poems of merit. Elliot, William, lawver, b. Marblehead, Ms., Aug. 17, 1803. Dartm. Coll. 1826. He practised law in Marblehead, Boston, and at Lewiston, III., in 1832 ; postmaster there in 1832-7; master in chancery, 1835-50; State's atty., 5th judicial district, 1838-48; has pub. " Visions of Quevedo," translated from the Spanish. — Alumni D. C. Ellis, George Edw.\rd, D.D. (H. U. 1857), Unitarian clergyman and author, b. Boston, Aug. 8, 1814. H.U. 18.33; Camb. Div. School, 1836. Mar. 11, 1840, he was ord. pastor of the Harvard Church, Charlestown, Ms. ; resigned 22 Feb. 1869. He wrote for " Sparks's Amer. Biog." Livesof John Mason, Anne Hutchinson, and Wm. Pcnn ; in 1857 pub. " The Half-Centuiyof the Unitarian Con- troversy ; " was some time editor of the Christian Register, and for some years conducted, with Rev. George Putnam, the Christian Examiner. He has contrib. to various periodicals, includ- ing the N. Y. Review, the North American, and the Atlantic Monthly, chiefly upon topics of American history. Prof, of doctrinal tlicolo- gy in the Camb. Divinity School, 1857-63. A prominent meraberof the Ms. Hist. Soc.and ac- tive in antiquarian researches. He is also a zeal- ous friend of popular education, having spoken and written much for common schools, and has published many sermons, addresses, and pam- phlets. In 1864, he gave a course of Lowell Lectures on the Evidences of Christianity. Author of " The Aims and Purposes of the Founders of Ms.," 1869. In 1871, he wrote the Life of Count Ruinford to accompany a complete edition of the works of that distin- guished philosopher, pub. in 4 vols., by the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, of which he is a fellow. Ellis, Henry, F.R.S., explorer, b. Eng., 1721; d. 21 Jan. 1806. Educated to the law at the Temple, Lond. In May, 1746, be went out as agent of a company for the discovery of a north-west passage. After extinguishing with difficulty a fire in his ship, he proceeded to Greenland ; exchanged commodities with the Esquimaux, July 8 ; proceeded to Fort Nelson ; wintered in Hayes River ; renewed his efforts in June, 1747, without success, and returning Oct. 14, pub. in 1748 the " Voyage made to Hudson's Bay in 174G-7, by the 'Dobbs Gal- ley ' and ' The California," to discover a North-west Passage," &c. Ellis was rewarded for his services by being made lieut.-gov. of Georgia, 15 Aug. 'l756; arrived at Savannah, 16 Feb. 1757, and May 17, 1758, was made gov .-in-chief. His services to the Colony were great, and he was highly esteemed : but the climate was injurious to his health ; and he left the Province, Nov. 2, 1760. He was gov. of Nova Scotia in 1761-4. He afterward resided in Italy, principally occupied in scientific re- searches. His " Voyage " contains much valuable information. John Ellis, F.R.S., agent for West Florida and Dominican, d. Oct. 18, 1776. Ellis, John Willis, politician, b. Rowan, N.C., Nov. 25. 1820 ; d. Raleigh, 1861. U. of N.C. 1841. He studied law; was a member of the House of Commons in 1844-8; then became judge' of the Superior Courts of Law and Equity, and was gov. of NC. from 1859 till his death. Active in promoting the seces- sion of his State. Ellis, Powhatan, lawver and politician, b. Va. Wm. and M. Coll. '1813. He removed to Mpi., where he practised law ; became a judge of the Supreme Court ; U.S. senator in 1825 and in 1827-33 ; charge d'affaires to Mexico in 1836-9, and minister to lilexieo in 1839. Ellsworth, Ephraim Elmer, col. U.S. vols., b. Mcclianicsville, N.Y., Apr. 23, 1837; killed at Alexandria, Va., May 24, 1861. He found mercantile employment in Troy, in N.Y., and finally in Chicago, where, as a patent-soli- citor, he acquired a good income. Engaging in the study of law, he gratified also bis mili- tary predilections, and formed a Zouave corps in Chicago. They visited the Eastern cities in July, 1860, and excited universal admiration. He organized a Zouave regt. on his return to Chicago, where he was a zealous advocate also for the election of Mr. Lincoln, whom he ac- comp. to Washington. In April, 1861, he organized a Zouave regt. from the N.Y. firc- dept., and in 3 weeks led them into Wash- ington. Ordered to Alexandria, they entered that city early in the morning of the 24th of May. Seeing a secession flag flying over the 304 Marshall House, he with two companions en- tered the house, and took it down. As he descended from the roof, the proprietor, Jackson, shot him, falling himself the next instant hy a ball from Brownell, one of Ellsworth's com- panions. Ellsworth, Henry Leavitt, ngricul- tnrist, son of Chief-Justice E., b. Windsor, Ct., Nov. 10, 1791; d. Fairhaven, Ct., Dec. 27, 1858. Y.C. 1810. After studying law with Judge Gould at Litchfield, he settled at Wind- sor, bnt in a few years removed to Hartford, where he remained 8 or 10 years, when he was ajip. resident commiss. among the Indian tribes to the south and west of Ark. U.S. commiss. of patents, 4 July, 1836-May, 1845. In this post, his labors were of great importance; and his scries of reports to Congress on the agricul- ture of the country led to great improvements in tliat siicnje. Ho then established himself at Lafayette, Ind., in the purchase and settle- ment of U.S. land. In 1857, he returned to Ct. Author of " Digest of Patents, from 1770 to 18.39," 8vo, 1840. — Hist. Magazine, iii., 94. Ellsworth, Hevrt William, lawyer, author, a]ul charrjg d'affaires to Sweden, 1845- 50, b. Windsor, Ct., 1814; d. N. Haven, Aug. 18G4. Y.C. 1 834. Son of Henry L. He studied in the N. Haven Law School ; removed to Ind. in 1835, and after 1850 was counsel for S. B. F. Morse in suits connected with his icleg. patents. Author of " Sketches of the Upper Wabash Valley, Ind.," 8vo, N.Y., 1838. Contrib. to the Knickerbocker Mag., &c. — See Poets and Poetri/ of the West. Ellsworth, Mrs. Mary W., author, d. Newton, Ms., 15 Aug. \%10. — See.J(invrin. Ellsworth, Oliver, LL.D. (Y.C. 1790), chief-justice of the U.S., b. Windsor, Ct., Apr. 29, 1745; d. Nov. 26, 1807. N.J. Coll. 1766. His lather was a farmer. Adra. to the bar in 1771, he commenced practice at Hartford, and arquired in a few years a high professional rep- utation, and was app. State-atty. As a mem- ber of the gen. assembly of Ct., he took a large share in all the Revol. -political discussions and treasures. In 1777-80, he was a delegate to Congress. In 1780, he became a member of the council of Ct., and in 1784 was app. a judge of the Superior Court. In 1787, he was a delegate to the convention for framing the Federal Constitution. It is believed that the present organization and mode of app. of the senate were suggested by him. Other duties calling him away, his name is not among the signers of the Constitution, which was adopted, but he approved the work, and warmly sup- ported it in the State convention. U.S. senator, 1789-95. He drew up the bill organizing the judiciary, and took a prominent part in most of the great questions of politics or publiceconomy. In March, 1796, Washington app. him chief- justice of the U. S. Sup. Court. At the close of the year 1799, Davie, Wm. Van Murray, and himself were sent envoys to France to adjust those differences which had assumed the character of war. The convention which they concluded with the French Govt, obtained the assent of the pres. and senate. In 1802, he entered again into the council of the State, and in 1807 was elected its chief-justice, but declined the station. Ellsworth, William Wolcott, LL D. (U. of N.Y. 1838), jurist, twin bro. of Henry L., and son of Chiel-.rustice Oliver, h. Wind- sor, Ct., Nov. 10, 1791 ; d. llm :l..i:l Cr .1,11. 15, 1868. Y. C. 1810. Stall. ! : , , ,1 with success from 1813 to I t--".i , >,, . | ; i <,f that science in Trinity Colk-c hum 1^:j7 nil his death ; M. C. 1 829-33; gov. 1838-42, and was a judge of the Sup. Court of the State from 1847 to 1861. He twice declined an elec- tion to the U S. senate from unwillingness to be drawn farther away from his cherisiied pro- fession. — Y. C. Obit. Record. Elmer, Ebenezer, the last surviving Revol. officer of N.J., b. Cedarville, N.J , 175-2; d. Bridgeton, Oct. 18, 1843, ilinnil-.n of Rev. Daniel Elmer. After ir,,iMi,^ ,i rhi-i. cal education, he studied niciln with liis brother Dr. Jonathan, but in 1 77.'. enieicd ihe army as an ensign, which in 1777 he resigned for the appointment of surgeon 2d N.J. regt. He practised physic at Biidgeton after the war; in 1789 was elected a member of the Assembly, in which he served several years ; speaker in 1791 and 5 ; was M. C. 18o'l-7; many years brig. -gen. of militia; vice-president Burlington Coll. 1808-17 and 1822-32. Elmer, Jonathan, physician, magistrate, and senator, b. Cumberland Co., N.J., 1745; d. Burlington, 1817. U. of Pa. Brother of Ebenezer. He practised |)hysic with reputa- tion in his native county ; was a sheriff", a sur- rogate, and a judge during the Revol.; was a member of the Cout. Congress in 1776-8, 1781- 4, and 1787, and a U.S. senator in 1789-91. Member of the Philos. Society. Elmer, Lucius Q. C, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1865), jurist, h. Bridgeton, N.J., 1793. N.J. Coll. 1824. Educated a lawyer, and practised in his native town. For many years, he was State prosecutor ; was in the Assembly in 1820-3, in the latter year its speaker; U.S. atty. for N.J. in 1821-9 ; M.C. 184.3-5 ; atty.- gen. in 1850, and in 1852-9 was one of the justices of the Sup. Court of the State. He pub. " Digest of the Laws of N.J," Bridgeton', 8vo, 1838. Elmore, Franklin Harper, senator, b. Laurens Dist., S C, 1799; d. AVashington, M.iy 29, 18.50. S.C. Coll. 1819. Adm. to the bar in 1821 ; in 1822-36 was solicitor of the Southern Circuit ; M.C. 1837-9 ; U.S. senator to fill the vacancy occasioned by the d. of Cal- houn. Selected in 1838 by the S.C. Cong, delegation to obtain authentic information con- cerning the antislavery movement, the letters which passed between him and James G. Bir- ney were printed, and went through many edi- tions under the title of the " Elmore Corresp." Pres. State Bank of S.C. 1839-50. Elmsley, John, chief.justice of Canada, b. Eng., 1763; d. Montreal, April 29, 1805. Nephew of the celebrated Lond. bookseller of the same name. He had been speaker of the legisl. and a member of the exec, council ; app. chief-justice, Oct. 13, 1802, having previously served as a puisne judge in U. Canada. — Morgan. Elphinstone, George Keith, Viscount, KME a British nilm., Ii. 1747 ; d. March, 1823. He was made coin, in 1772 ; post-captain in 1775 ; adm. of the white, 1S05. During the Amer. war, he com. tlie " Pearl," frigate, 32 guns ; was in tlie attack on Mud Island ; and at the capture of Charleston com. a detachment of seamen, and for his effective services obtained the warm commendation of Gen. Clinton. In 1782, he captured the French frigate "L'Aigle," of 40 guns. In 1795, he was made vice-adm., and captured Cape Town. In 1802, he was com.-in-chief in the Mediterranean, where he took Malta and (jcnoa. For his services in Egypt, he was, in I8U1, made Baron Keith; Viscount, 1814. Elton, Romeo, D.D., LL.D., clergyman and scholar, b. Bristol, Ct., 1 790 ; d. Boston, Feb. 5,1870. Brown U. 1813. He was ord. June 11, 1817, as a Baptist minister in Newport, R.I., and in 1824 at Windsor, Vt. ; in 1823 became prof, of ancient langua^'cs ami literature in Brown U. Before iiucnuu' uimii tliisduty, he spent two years ill l.iir.ii"'. pi iti(i|iiilly in Ger- 1845-67 resided in Kx.tu, En-., returning to the U.S. in 1869. Besides sermons, he pub. "Callender's Century Sermon ; " edited,wiili co- pious notes and biog. sketches, " The Works of President Maxcy," with an introd. memoir; and a " Biog. Sketch of Roger Williams." D.D. of Nashville U., 1S42. Some years one of the ediiorsof the Ecleclic Review. He be- queathed 820,000 to Brown U., and the same sum to Columbia Coll., D.C., to found pro- fessorships. Ely, EzKA Stiles, D.D. (Wash. Coll. Tenn.), Presb. clergyman, b. Lebanon, Ct., June 13, 1786 ; d. Pllila., June 17, 1861. Y.C. 1804. Son of Zebulon, minister of Lebanon from 1783 to his d., Nov. 18, 1824, a. 63 (Y.C. 1779; tutor there, 1781-2.) In Oct. 1806, he became pastor in Colchester, Ct. ; was afterward city missionary in N.Y. ; was sub- sequently, for 20 years, pastor of the Pine-st. Church, Phila., and in 1834 undertook to establish a coll. and theol. scm. in Mo., but, owing to the financial reverses of 1837, was unsuccessful. Pastor of the First Church in the Northern Liberties, Phila., from 1844 until the failure of his health in 1851. Author of "Ely's Journal;" a "Collateral Bible," 1828; a memoir of his father; "Endless Punishment," 1835; " Conversations on the Science of the Human Mind," 1819 ; " Visils of Mercy ; " " Sermons on Faith ; " " Contrast between Calvinism and Hopkinsianism," 1811. For several years, he edited gratuitously a re- ligious paper called the Philadelphian. — Ob. liec. Yak, 1861. Embury, Emma Catharine, poetess, b. N. Y., 1806; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Feb. 10,1863. Dau. of Dr. James R. Manly of N.Y. ; m. in 1828 to Daniel Embury of Brooklyn. She early became known as a writer of verses in the N. Y. Mirror and other journals, under the signature of " lanthe." She pub. " Guido and other Poems, by lanthe," 1828; on " Female Education;" "The Blind Girl and other Tales ; " " Pictures of Early Life ; " " Glimpses of Home-Life, or Causes and Consequences ; " " Nature's Gems, or American Wild Flowers," 1845; "Love's Token-Flowers," a vol. of poems, and in 1848 " The Waldorf Family." — Duyckiiick. Emerson, George Barrell, LL.D. (H.U. 1859), teacher, b. Kennebunk, Me., Sept. 12,1797. H.U. 1817. Son of Dr. Samuel, a surgeon in the Revol. war (b. Hollis, N H., Sept. 6, 1765; d. Aug. 8, 1851. H.U. 1785). taught dist. schools in Mc. and Ms. ; then took charge of an acad. at Lancaster, Ms. ; was tutor in math, and nat. philos. in H.U. from 1819 to 1821 ; in 1821-3 was principal of the English High School for boys in Boston, and from 1823, till his retirement from prof, life in 1855, kept a private school for girls there. Author of the second part of " The School and the Schoolmaster," and of a num- ber of lectures on education, and of contribs. to the periodical press. Many years pres. of the Boston Soc. of Natural History, and, as chair- man of the commiss. for the zoiil. and hot. survey of Ms., pub. a " Report on the Trees and Shrubs growing naturally in the Forests of Ms.," 1846. Emerson, Ralph, D.D (Y.C. 1830), b. Hollis, N.H., 18 Aug. 1787 ; d. Rockford, 111., 26 May, 1863. Y. C. 1811 ; And. Sein. 1814. Tutor at Yale, 1814-16; pastor of a Cong. Church at Norfolk, Ct., 1816-29; prof. eccl. hist, and past, theol.. And. Sem., 1829-54; resided in Newburyport 5 years, and then re- moved to Rockford, III. Author of a Life of his bro. Rev. Joseph Emerson, a transl., with notes, of Wiggins's "Augustinism and Pela- gianism," and a contrib. to Dibliolh. Sacra, Christian Spectator, and other religious peri- odicals.— 1'. C. Obit.Rec. Emerson, Ralph Waldo, LL.D. (H.U. 1866), essayist, b. Boston, May 25, 1803. H. U. 1821.' Son of Rev. Wm. Emerson, and is the 8th in succession of a consecutive line of ministers. For 5 years after leaving coll., he was engaged in teaching school. In 1826, Be was app. to preach by the Middlesex Assoc. From Mar. 11, 1829, to 28 Oct. 1832, he was coll. of Henry Ware at the 2d Unit. Church, Boston. Returning in the winter of 18-33-4 from a year's visit to Europe, he began the career of a lecturer, in which he has gained great distinction. In 1834, he delivered in Boston a series of biographical lectures on Michael Angelo, Milton, Luther, George Fox, and Edmund Burke. The first two afterwards appeared in the N.A. Review. In Sept. 1835, he m. Lydia, dau. of Charles Jackson of Ply- mouth, and fixed his residence at Concord, Ms. In 1840, he was a contrib. to a quarterly period- ical. The Dial, the organ of the N.E. Tran- scendentalists, and, for the last two years of its existence, its editor. He again visited Eng. in 1847. In 1852, he contrib. some admirable interpretative criticisms to the "Memoirs of Margaret Fuller." Mr. Emeison has delivered many unpublished addresses on slavery, wo- man's rights, and other topics of public interest. " As a writer, Mr. Emerson is distinguished for a singular union of poetic imagination with practical acuteness. His style is condensed, almost to abruptness, occasionally purchasing compression at the expense of clearness." He has pub. " Essays," 1st series, 1841 ; 2d series, 1844; " Poems," 1846 ; "Miscellanies," (including " Nature," and 9 lectnn-s and ad- dresses), 1849; "Representative iMen," IB.'iO; " En-lish Traits," 1356; " Cond.iet uf Life," 1860; " May-Dav and other Poems," " Societv and Solitude," 1869. An edition of his works was pub. in 2 vols., 1870, by Fields, Osgood, &Co. Emerson, William, Unit, minister, fatlicr ol Ralph Waldo, b. Concord, Ms., May 6, 1769; d. May 12, 1811. H.U. 1789. Grandson of Rev. Joseph of Maiden, and son of Rev. Wni. of Concord,, who d. a chaplain in the army in 1776. He became the first minister of Harvard, May 20, 1792, and from Oct. 16, 1799, to his death, was pastor of the rir>t Chiiri-h in Ronton. He was one of the lir-! .', i ' I 'III most accomplished pulpit oiM IN.'. In 1804 he conducted til'.;/ ,1. '.';//. His numerous addresses on pill. In IP,., ,i.-i.ius rank among the most cor- rect and (iMi>lic'd compositions of the period. His " History of the First Church of Boston" was pub., with two of his sermons annexed, 8vo, 1812, a "Selection of Psalms and Hymns," 1808. Emmet, Thomas Addis, LL.D. (Col. Coll., N.Y., 1824). Politician and lawyer, brother of the celebrated Robert Euimet, b. Cork, 176.'); d. N. Y., Nov. 14, 1827. Trin. Coll., Dub. Son of an eminent Dubin jilivsi- cian. Studied medicine at theU. of Ediubur-h; then studied law at the Temple, London, two years, and was adm. to the Dublin bar in 1791, soon rising to distinction. He soon became a leader of the " United Irishmen," and was one of its gen. committee. Arrested withothcrs in 1798, he was imprisoned in Fort George, Scot- land, 2 1-2 years, and, after the treaty of Amiens, was permitted to withdraw to France, where his wife joined him. He arrived in Amer. Nov. 11, 1 804, rose to eminence in his prof, in New York, and was atty -gen. of that State in 1812. While in prison in Scotlanef, he wrote " Pieces of Irish History, illustrative of the Condition of the Catholics of Irel.and," puh. in connection with Dr. MacNevin, in 1807. He was a laborious, able, and success- ful pleader, and an energetic and florid orator. .See his Memoirs, iy Charles G. Haynes, 12mo, 1829. Emmons, Ebenezer, M.D., geologist, b. MIddlefield, Ms., May 16, 1799; d. Brunswick, N.C., Oct. 1, 1863. Wms. Coll. 1818. He studied and practised medicine successfully, and in 1833 became prof, of nat. hist, in Wms. Coll. Herehe madeimportantadditions to the knowledge of the botany, geology, and mineralogy of the Northern States, and made a Report on the Quadrupeds of Ms. In 1836, while engaged upon the geol. survey of N. y., as one of the geologists in chief, he formed what he called his " Taconic " theory in opposition to the received theory of the Siluri- ans. Opposed at first by all scientific men, his views came at length to be universally adopt- ed. App. in 1838 prof, of chemistry in the Albany Med. Coll., and removed to that city. He pub. valuable reports on the " Natural History of New York," " Manual of Mineral- ogy and Geology," 1826. In 1858-9, he was app. by the Icgisl. of N.C. to conduct thi- geol. survey of that State. He was prevented from leaviiig the State when the Rebellion began, and was not permitted to correspond with his Northern friends. It is supposed that he was detained a prisoner on parole hy the Confed. Govt. He pub. 3 reports on the Geology and Agriculture of N.C, in 1856, 1858, and i860; also text-books of geology in 1854 and 1860. Emmons, George F., commo. U. S. N., b. Vt., Aug. 23, 1811. Midshipman, April 1, 1828 ; lleut. Feb. 25, 1841 ; com. Jan. 28,18.-i6; capt. Feb. 7, 1863; commo. Sept. 20, 18G8. Attached to Wilkes's Expl. Expcd., 1838-42; actively employed in Cal., and in several en- gagements there during the Mexican war ; com. steamer " Hatteras," West Gulf squadron, 1862, steamer " R. B. Cnvler," same squad, 1863 ; captured Cedar Keys' Florida, 1862, and Pass Christian, Mpi., taking some 20 prizes, among them the rebel ram " Webb;" com. steam- sloop Lackawana, 1864-5, and prevented de- struction of the city and shipping of N. Or- leans by the rebels ; took charge of the hy- drographlc office in 1870. Author of " Navy of the U.S.,"4to, 1853.— fl^(mere/y's Records U. S. N. Emmons, Nathaniel. D D. (Dartm. Coll. 1708). thcolo-i.in. h. F..\ . ■ .nrr..vcrsy. Si.K vols, of his works were pnb. m 1842, edited hy his son- in-law. Dr. James Ide, mth a memoir prefixed, and a list of 1.50 of his productions. Dr. E belonged to the Hopkinsian school of divines, long held among them the first rank, and was one of the founders and first pres. of the Ms. Missionarv Societv. Emory, John, D D., bishop of the M.E. Church, b. Queen Anne's Co., Md., April 11, 1789; d. Baltimore Co., Md., Dec. 16. 1835. Wash. Coll.. Md. Adm. to the bar in 1808. After practising a short time with sucrpss, he entered the Pblla. M.E. Conf , in 1810, filled important stations in the church from 1813 to 1820, and was a delegate to every general conf. but one during his life. In 1821), he was a del- egate to th... British conf. In l.'^Ji, he became X Y. I'ul put), a ] i.i.n.T ,,t ihr iiirjinai uiganization of the M. K Clinr, h, " d, li.n.lin.,' the policy of Wesley and his associates. Chosen bishop in 1832. His death was caused by being thrown from his carriage. He assisted in the organi- zation of the U of N.Y., the Wesleyan U., and Dick. College, and prepared for them a benefi- cial course of study. His writings, with a Life, by his son, app. in' 1 vol., 8vo, 1841. Emory, Robert, clergvman, son of Bishop John, b. Phila., Julv 29,'l'814 ; d. Baltimore, May 18, 1848. Col."Coll. 1831. After study- ing law, he was from 1834 to 1839 prof of an- cient languages at Dick. College; then entered the Baltimore Annual Conf. of the Methodist- Episcopal Church, but was recalled in 1842 as pres. pro tern., and, on the resignation of Dr. Eisra- Durbin, was chosen pros, of Dickinson Coll. BcMdos a life of his fMtlicr, he i. ft a " Ilistorv of the Discipline of the M. E. Clnircli," 1843, and an unfinished "Analysis of Butler's Anal- Ofrv," completed by Rev. George Crooks in 1856, and introcluced as a text-book into many institutions of learning. f- Emory, William Helmsley, brev. maj.- L^ '^■{f.aw. U.S.A., b. Queen Anne's Co., Md., ab. '"•■l812.^We.stPoint, 1831. Entering the 4th Art., it-fThe resigned Sept. 30, 1836 ; app. 1st. lieut. y topog. engineers, 7 July, 1838; acted as aide- / decamp to Gen. Kearney in Cal. in 1846-7; was brev. capt. for gallantrr .nt Snn Pasqunl, Dec. 6, 1846, and mnj. for L;;iil iiifry :it S:in lia- briel and the plains of Me-:i. ( al ,'.l:in. !i, Isi7; app. maj. 3d. Dragoons, 9 .\|.i-. Ist7, Imt dr. clined ; lient.-col. vols, in llic Mexican war. Sept. 30, 1847 : astronomer to the coinniiss. to survey the boundary between the U.S. and Mexico, in 1848-50; became capt. 24 April, Sept. 1851 ; member of ihe commiss. 1854-7 ; maj. 2d Cav. March -S, 1855, and in May was tran.sferred to 1st Cavalry. When the civil war broke out, he was serving in New Mexico, brought bis command in aood order to Kansas, and wasapp.. MayU, ISGl, limt.-col. 6th Cav. He served in tlie Peninsular cnmp.aign in the Armv of the Potomac; became brig.-gcn. of Tols.'March 17, 1862, and Dec. 5, sailed from Fortress Monroe in com. of a division of a Southern exped. He com. a division of Banks's army at Port Hudson, Sabine Cross-Roads, and Pleasant Hill ; and in Sheridan's campaign against Early in the Shenandoah Valley com. the 19th corps; brev. col. 27 May, 1862, for Hanover C. H., Va. ; col. 5th Cav. Oct. 27, 1863; brev. brig, and maj. gen. U. S. A. 13 Mar. 1865, for Fisher's Hill and campaign of Shenandoah Valley, and for Cedar Creek ; maj.-gen. vols 25 Sept. 1865, Author of " Notes of a Militarv Reeonnoissance in Mo. and Cal.," N.Y., 8vo', 1848 ; " Notes of Travel in California," 8vo, N.Y. ; " Report of the U.S. and Mexican Boundary Commission," Wa.shington, 4to. Emott, James, LL.D (Col. Coll. 1833), judge, b. Poughkeepsie, N.Y., March 14, 1771; d. there April 10, 1850. Un. Coll. 1800. He began to practise law at Ballston Centre ; re- moved to Albany ab. 1800 ; was a commission- er to settle disputes concerning titles to lands in the military tract of Onondaga Co. in 1797 ; represented Albany Co. in the legisl. in 1804 ; practised law a while inN.Y.City, but returned to Poughkeepsie; from 1809 to 1813, he was a leader of the Federalist party in Congress ; speaker of the N.Y. legisl. in 1814 ; member of that body until 1817 ; first judge of Duch- ess Co. in 1817-23, and judge of the Second Circuit in 1827-31. Endeeott, John, gov. of Ms. Colony, b. Dorchester, Eng., 1588; d. Boston, March 15, 1665. He m. acousin of Mathew Cradock, gov. of the Ms. comp. in Eng., and was bro.- in-law to Roger Ludlow, dep.gov. Sent to this country as their agent to carry on the set- tlement at Naumkeag, or Salem : he arrived Sept. 6, 1628, and there laid the foundation of the first permanent town in Ms. In April, 1629, the comp. chose him gov. of Loudon's Plantation, but in Aug. tlic charier and the govt, of tbe Colony was transferred to N.E. ; and Winthrop, who arrived in 1630, was npp. gov. In 1636, he was sent on an exped. against the Indians on Block Island and in the Pe- quot country. During this year, the military commissioners adopted his views relative to the cross in the king's colors, namely, that it savored of Popery, and ordered it to be left out. He was dep.-gov. in 1641-3, gov. in 1644, when he removed from Salem to Boston, and from 1649 until his death in 1665, except- in-jT in 1650 and 1654, when he was dep.-gov. Ill li,(:-,, lir was made sergeant major-gen. of .M^,, i!ir liiJi'st military office in the Colony, ivhieh, though ey more than ; [ires, of the ished of d, brave, and patriotic, 1 the intolerance of his linistration, the Colony tiines. Under hi flourished greatly England, John, D.D., R.C. bishop, b. Cork, Ireland, Sept. 23, 1786 ; d. Charleston, S.C, April 11, 1842. He entered Cariow Coll. in 1803, and while there founded a female peni- tentiary, and poor schools for both sexes. Adm. to orders at Cork, Oct. 9, 1808, he was soon after app. lecturer at the North Chapel, and chaphiin of the prisons; began in 1809 to pub the ReHfjioiis liepertory, a monthly ; and in 1812 distinguished himself in the cause of Catholic emancipation. The freedom of his language more than once brought him before the courts ; and on one occasion he was fined £500. He was app. pres. of the Coll. of St. Mary ; also filled the ofBceof bishop's sec; per- formed the ordinary duties of the ministry, and in 1817 was made parish priest of Bran- don. Raised to the episcopate Sept. 21, 1820, he came in Dec. to Charieston, S.C , where he estal)lished a theol. sem., and a journal. The Catholic Miscellanfi, the first Catholic paper pub. in America. In 1826, at tbe request of Congress, he preached before the senate at Washington. In 18.32, he travelled in Europe, and spent some time in Rome, when tbe pope app. him apostolic legate to Hayti. His works were pub. in 1849, in 5 vols., 8vo, edited by Bishop Reynolds. England, Sir Richard, a British lieut.- pen. of Litford, Co. Clare, Ireland; d. Nov. 1812. Capt of the 47th regt., and wounded at Bunker's Hill. He served with distinction through the war, and at one time was com- mandant of Detroit. He was efficient in aid- ing the colonization of the extreme western portion of Upper Canada. Engle, Frederick, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Delaware Co., Pa., 1799; d. Phila., Feb. 12, 1868. Midshipman, Nov. 30, 1814; lieut. Jan. 13, 1825 ; com. Sept. 8, 1841 ; capt. Sept. 14, 1855 ; re.ar-adm., retired list, 25 July, 1866. Com. "The Princeton," during the Mexican war, and rendered disting. service in the blockad- ing .squadron. During the Rebellion, he com. "The Hartford," but, from advanced age, was assigned to the command of the Phila. N.-Y., and was subsequently gov. of the nay. asylum. 308 , William MoRR!SON,D.D,,Presh. clergyman and author, b. Phila , 12 Oct. 1797 ; d. there 27 Nov. 1867. U. of Pa. 1815 Li- censed to preach Oct. 1818. Pastor 7th Presb. Church, Phila.. 1820-14. Edited the Preshi/le- rian i'rnm 1 8.-U till his death. Book editor of the Presb. I!r)ard of Fuh. 18.38-6.3 ; pres. of the lioard, 186.i-7. Ho iiiib. " Records of the Presb. Church," "Bible Dictionary," " Book of Poetry," " Sailor's Companion," " Sick- Room Devotions," " Soldier's Pocket-Book." English, GiiOEGE Bethune, author and adventurer. 1.. Oamlind^r, Mar. 7, 1787; d. Washingtnn,S.;.i lm), is:_>^. 111'. I'iiiT, Stud- ied law and Mil.MNinrnllvdiviintv. jjri.ub in 1813 •• Grounds nf CliriMianiry cxaniini-d," a work in favor of .Judaism, which was answered by Edward Everett and by S. Cary. He edited, for a time, a Western paper, then sailed to the Mediterranean as a lieut. of marines, but re- signed his commission, professed Mohammed- anism, and accepted a com. under Ibrahim Pacha in the Egyptian army, then organizing for the conquest of Abyssinia, performing im- portant service as an ollinr of ai tillcry. He •wasafteiwardU.S.a;;(ii; in tlir Mr.liierranean, and in 1827 returned to Wiiliinu ten, where he sousbt an app., but witliciut micc i>s. He pub., beside the al>ove, Letter to Mr. Cary, on the Review of his work ; " Five Smooth Stones out of the Brook," a reply to Everett ; Letter to Mr. Channing regarding his two sermons on inlidelity ; and " Expedition to Dongola and Senuaar," 8vo, 1823. He had a versatile genius, and especially excelled in acquiring languages. At Marseilles, he passed for a 'Purk, with a Turkish ambassador ; and at Washington, he surprised a delegation of Cherokees, by disput- ing with them in their own tongue. — See S. L. Ktiapp's Ainer. Biog. English, James E., politician, b.N.Havcn, Ct., March, 1812. He was a merchant until 185.'), when he became extensively engaged in manufacturing. Member of the State legisl. in 1855, and of the senate in 1856; M. C. 1861-5 ; gov. of Ct. 1867, and 70-1. English, Tiio.M AS Dunn, author, b. Phila., June 29, 1819. He received the degree of M.D. from the U. of Pa., iu 1839, and, having subsequently studied law, was in 1842 adm. to the bar. He has written a novel entitled "Walter Woolfe," 1844, and has edited and eontrib. to a variety of journals and magazines. Ab. 1 842, he wrote for the N. Y. Miiror the song of " Ben Bolt." In 1848, he edited a hu- morous periodical entitled the John Donkey, and, in conjunction with G. G. Foster, a work on the French Revol. of thai date. He has written a series of national ballads for Harper's Maijazine, and is the author of numerous dra- mas, one of which, " The Mormons," has been printed. In 1855, he pub. a collection of his miscellaneous poems. He resides near N.Y., and is connected with the press of that city. Enos, Gen. Roger ; d. Colchester, Vt., Oct. 6, 1808, a. 72. He was a col. in the Revol. army in 1775, and com. the rear division of Arnold's exped. to Quebec, through the wilderness of Me., but abandoned it, and re- turned to Cambridge to avoid starvation. In 1781, he com. the Vt. troops at Castleton. He was a maj.-gen of militia, and a founder of the State of Vt. Ira Allen ra. his dau. — Vt. Quarterly Gazetteer, 764. Eppes, John W., M. C. 1803-11 and 181.3-15; U. S. senator, 1817-19; d. near Riehmond, Va., Sept. 1823, a. 50. His wife, Jlaria, dau. of Jefferson, d. Apr. 1804. — ijan- daWs Jefferson. Ercilla Y Zuniga (^r-thel'-ya, e thoon- yee'-gii), Don Alonzo de, Spai'iish soldier and poet, 1533-95. Brought up at the court of Charles V., he joined the exped. sent to Chili in 1554, and celebrated the dangerous contest with the Araucanians, a native trilie, in an admirable epic entitled "La Araucana," written at brief intervals from active duty, on scraps of paper, and bits of leather, and first printed in 1577. Erie the Red, a Scandinavian navigator, the reputed discoverer of N. America. He emigrated to Iceland, ab. 982 A.D., after which he discovered Greenland, where he planted a colony. He sent out, ab. 1000 A.D., an ex- ploring party, under his son Lief, who discov- ered a continent, pait of which ihcy callcil Markland, and another part Vinland (supposed to correspond to the southern portion of New England). Traditiou adds, that he or his son formed a settlement in Vinland. Ericsson, John, LL.D. (Wesl. U. 1862), ■ inventor, b. province of Vermcland, Sweden, 1803; d. Uichhmd, N.Y., March 5, L869. _At the age of 11, Count Platen gave himlTc'adet- ship in a corps of engineers; and in 1816 he was employeil on the grand ship-canal between the Baltic and the North Sea. He entered the Swedish army as ensign, rose to the grade of lieut., and was for some time employed in the survey of Northern Sweden. One of the ear- liest of his inventions was the Jlame emjine, intended to work independently of steam, by condensing fiame. Visiting f.ng. in 1826. he discovered that this engine, when wniked liy mineral fuel, was a total failuie. Devoiing himself to mechanical pin-m;-, !: in nir.l the steam-boiler on the ]miii ■ . ' i . nd draft. In 1829, he conip. r ; n/r. offered by the Liverpool aiir] MumIk-:.! Hail- way for the best locomotive, and pmilnreil an engine that attained the then incrediblo speed of fifty miles an hour. This led liini to cess. Dirrrtinu- Ills attenlion to naviu'aiion, he invented thr|nii|irllrr,and iliai new arraii -anient of the Steaii.-niari,iii,rv- ill ship<-nl-;var wlii.'h has rcvolntionizial tlir navies of the ivi.rld. Not succeeding in making the British admi- ralty l)elieve what they saw, he came in 1839 to N.Y., and in 1841 was employed in the con- struction of the U.S. ship-of-war " Princeton " on the very plan which had been received with such indifference by the British admiralty. She was the first steamship ever built with the propelling machinery under the water-line, and out of the reach of shot ; and she was disting. for numerous other mechanical novelties. In 1852, he was made Knight of the Order of Vasa, by King Oscar of Sweden. The same year, he brought out a new form of ealoric-engine in the ship " Ericsson." During his residence in the U.S., he invented semi- -/-' 9u .' I ^U. 809 EST cylindrical engine, centrifugal blowers, besides some improvements in managing guns, applied to the steamer "Princeton" with success. In the American dept. of the Great Exhibition of 1851, he exhibited an instrument for measuring distances at sea; the hydrostatic gauge, for measuring the volume of fluids under pres- Burc ; the reciprocating fluid-meter, the alarm barometer, the pyrometer, the rotary fluid- meter, and the sea-lead, of all of which instru- racnts he has given a brief explanation in a pamphlet pub. in 1851. For these he re- ceived the prize medal of the Exhibition. Ericsson's caloric-engine was first placed before the scientific world in London, 1833. Its advantages over steam are economy of space, economy of first cost, economy of fuel, of repairs and running-expenses, simplicity, safety, and power. His last great invention, the iron-clad " Monitor," had just been com- pleted, and arrived at Fortress Monroe most opportunely, Mar. 9, 1862, to stay the devastat- ing progress of the rebel iron-clad, "Merri- mack." The result of this contest settled the question of " wooden" navies. Capt. Ericsson was the first to bring the system of iron turret ships into operation. Srskine, David Montague, Baron, en- voy and minister to the U.S., 180G-10; d. March 19, 1855, aged 78. Son of the cele- brated Lord Thomas. Adm. to the bar in 1802, and in Feb. 1806 was returned to par- liament for Portsmouth. He m. in 1800 a dau. of Gen. John Cadwalladcr of Phila. He succeeded to the peerage on the d. of his father in 1823. He had been minister-pleni- potentiary to Bavaria. £rskine, Robert, F.R.S., geographer and surveyor-gen. to the army of the U.S. Son of Rev. Ralph of Dunfermline, Scotland, b. 7 Sept. 1735 ; d. 2 Oct. 1780. — Ins. on tomb- stone at Rim/wood, Passaic Co., N.J. iErskine, Sm William, a British gen., bart. of Torrie, b. 1728; d. March 9, 1795. Entered the Scots Greys in 1743 ; was a cornet in his father's regt. at Fontenoy ; maj. 15th Light Dragoons in March, 1759, and served with credit in Germany ; licut.-col. March 29, 1762; app. brig.-gen. in Amer. in 1776; com. the 7th brigade in the battle of Brooklyn Heights ; second in com. of Tryon's marauding expcd. to Danbury, Ct., in April, 1777; app. quartermaster-gen. in Dec. 1777; col. 80th regt., and aide-de-camp to the king ; com. the eastern dist. of L.I. in the winter of 1778-9; became maj. -gen. in 1779; lieut.-gen. Sept. 1787; bart. June, 1791 ; second in com. to the Duke of York, in Flanders, iti 1793-5. Es- teemed for his social and military qualities, and in Germany approved himself a brilliant caviilry oSicer. Erving, George W., diplomatist, b. Boston, 1771; d. N.Y., July, 1850. George, his father, a loyalist merchant of Boston, went to Eng. with his family in 1776. The son was educated at Oxford, Eng., and, returning to his native country, was made consul to Lond. by Jefferson ; was sec. of legation to Spain in 1804; special minister to Denmark in 1811 ; and minister to Spain in 1814. Escalante d' (d^s-ka-lan'-ta), Juan, one of Cortes' principal officers in the conquest of Mexico in 1518. He com. the colony founded by Cortes at Vera Cruz, and was killed in a battle against a Mexican chief in 1519. Escobar, Maria de, b. Truxillo; living in 1547. She was the wife of Diego de Chaves, one of the first conquerors of Peru. She followed her husband to Amer., shared the fatigues and dangers of the adventurous Span- iards, and introduced the cultivation of corn and barley into the conquered country. Gonzalo Pizarro recompensed Donna Maria de Chaves by giving her a fine territory in the vicinity of Lima, together with the Indians upon it. — Noim. Biorj. Gen. Espy, James P., meteorologist, b. Wash- ington Co., Pa., May 9, 1785 ; d. Cincinnati, 0., Jan. 24, 1860. After some vears' study, he pub. in 1841 " Philosophy of Storms." He had before communicated to the British Assoc, apaperon "Storms," and anotheron the"Four Daily Fluctuations of the Barometer." In 1843, he was employed by the war dept. in the Washington Observatory to prosecute his in- vestigations, and collate the reports fi-om the different observers throughout the country. Several quarto vols, of this matter were pub. by the dept. Esquemeling, John, a buccaneer. Wrote in Dutcli an account of the buccaneers of Amer., translated into English, and pub. Lond., 1684, 4tu. Sir Henry Morgan obtained a verdict of X200 against the publisher for libel. — Alli- Estaing (des-tan[g']), Charles Henut Theodat, Count d', a French adm., h. Ravel, in Auvergne, 1729; guillotined at Paris, 28 Apr. 1794. Entering the Mousquotaircs in 1745, he was col. of the regt. Rmiergiu in 1748, and brigadier in 1756. In 1757, he served in the fleet of Count d'Ache, and in 1758 took Gondelcur and Fort St. David. Joining the E. India squadron, under Count Lally, he was taken prisoner at Madras in 1759, and, violat- ing his parole, was captured a second time, and imprisoned at Portsmouth. In 1763, he was made lieut.-gen., and in 1778 vice-adm. Em- ployed in the Amer. war, he arrived in Dela- ware Bay in July, 1778, made a demonstration against Newport in Aug., which obliged the British to destroy 6 of their frigates lying there ; but his fleet was so shattered by a storm as to be obliged to refit at Boston. In 1779, he sailed to the W. Indies, when he took St. Vincent and Granada, and had an indecisive engage- ment with Adm. Byron. He invested Savan- nah, 9 Oct. 1779, but lost the favorable op- portunity for attack by giving the British time to complete their defences, under cover of a truce : he next ruined the enterprise by a pre- cipitate attack, when he should have besieged in form. In this action, Pulaski was killed, and D'Estaing wounded. He returned to France in 1780. In 1783, he com. the combined fleets of France and Spain, and was made a grandee of Spain of the first class. He favored the French Revol., was a member of the Notables in 1 787, com. the National Guards at Versailles in 1789, and was made adm., and put on the retired list, in 1792, but, falling under suspi- cion of the Terrorists, was finally guillotined. 310 EVA John Skey, gen., b. Flnshins, L.I., Aug. 10, 1760; d. Newburgh, N.Y., Aug. 25,1805. Wm. and M. Coll. 1776. App.Midcio Gen. Charles Lee in 1776; was afterwards aide to Sullivan and Greene; and having, by his spirit and address, made prisoner Col. Burton, Congress, Nov. 1777, resolved tliat John Skey Eustace be commissioned major for his bravery and faithful services. After the war, lie re- si;,'ned, aiul went to Ga., where he practised law, was ailjuiant-gen., and received other civil and military appointments. In 1794, ho entered tlie French service; was made aide-de-camp to Luckner, afterwards to Dnmouriev, attaining the grade of maj.-gcn. and iniir(fch'tl-de-camp. He com. in 1797 a division of the French army in Flandi-rs. In 1800, he returned to his na- life in Orange Co., N.Y., till his dcat'h. Author of manv pampliluts, and an account of his "Exile from Great Britain," Load., 8vo, 1797. EustiS, ABR.4.HA5I, brig.-gen. U. S. A., b. Boston, Mar. 28, 1786 ; d. Portland, Junr 27, 184.3. H. U. 1804. Nephew of (inv K.wrl. Hestudiedlawintheofficeoflii- i : . > ' i (■ Justice Parker; was adin. to th ! : . 1 •:, and opened an office in Bosm;, i , ,, ,,t art. May 3, 1808; major, .M.uiU I.",, isiii; com. his regt. in capture of Yoik, U.C, Apr. 27, 1813; brcv. llcut.-col., for meritorious ser- vice, Sept. 10, 1813 ; licnt.-col. 4th Art. May 8, 1822 ; brevet brig.-gen. June 30, 1834 ; col. 1st Art. Nov. 17, 1834. Hi.s son Henry Law- rence, prof, of engineering in the sci. school of H. U., and a lirig.-gen. in the civil war. H U. 1838, and West Point (1st in class), 1842. Eustis, George, LL.D. ( H.U. 1849), ju- rist, b. Boston, Oct. 20, 1796; d. N.Orleans, Dee. 23, 1858. H U. 1815. Private sec. to his uncle, Gov. Eustis, then minister to the Hague, where he commenced his legal studies, and laid the foundation of his remarkable proficiency in the civil law. In 1817, he went to N. Orleans; was adm. to the bar in 1822; was several times elected to the State legisl,; was see. of State, and, as a leading commissioner of the Board of Currency, instituted- reforms wliich added sta- bility to the currency of the State. He was also atty.-gcn. of La. and a justice, and afterwards chief-justiee of the Supreme Court until 1852 ; member of the Const. Conv. of 1845. Eustis, Wm., LL.D. (H. U. 1823), physi- cian and politician, b. Cambridge, Ms., June 10, 1753 ; d. Boston, Feb. 6, 1825. H. U. 1772. Having studied medicine under Dr. Warren, he entered the Revol. army as a regimental sur- geon, serving throughout the war in that capa- city, or as a hospital surgeon, being for some years stationed at the house of Col. Beverly Robinson, opposite West Point, in which Ar- nold had his headquarters. After the war, ho practised his prof, in Boston. He was a sur- geon '^n the exped. against the insurgents un- der Shays, in 1786-7; member of the State legisl. from 1788 to 1794; was two years a councillor under Gov. Sullivan; M. C. 1800- 5 and 1820-3; see. of war from 1809 until Hull's surrender, in 1812, when he resigned; app. minister to Holland in 1815, and gov. of Ms. in 1824, dying while in office. He m. Ca- roline, d;iu. of Woodburv Langdon of Ports- mouth, N. II. Evans, Augusta J., novelist, b near Co- lumbus, Ua., 1836. When a child, her father removed to Texas, residing in San Antonio from 1847 till 1849, wIrmi the family settled in Mobile. In her 17th year, she wrote " Inez, a Tale of the Alamo; " but her fame was estab- lished by her " Beulah," in 1859, a novel of great power and vivid interest. Also author of "St. Elmo," 1866; " Macaria," 1864 ; " Vash- ti," 1869. In 1868, she m. L. M. Wilson, pres. of Mobile and Mont^'omery Railroad. Evans, Caleb, D. D.," Baptist minister, b. Bristol, Eng., 1737 ; d. 1791. An advocate for the freedom of America; pub. a "Letter to Wesley," on his " Calm Address to the Araer. Colonies," 12mo, 1775, pub. under the sig. AnierlcaiiKs ,■ "Reply to Rev. Mr.Fletcher's Vin- dication of Wesley," 12mo, 1776. Evans, George, lawver and senator, b. Ilallowell, Me., Jan. 12, 1797; d. Portland, Me., Apr. 5, 1867. Bowd. Coll. 1815. Adm. to the bar in 1818. Speaker of the house of lepresintatives of Me. in 1829; M.C. 1829- 41, and U.S. senator, 1841-7. In 1849-50, ho was a commiss. of the board of claims against Mexico, and atty.-gen. of Me. in 1803,'4,'6. — Evans, Sir George De Lacy, a British gen., b. Moig, Ireland, 1787 ; d. London, Jan. 9, 1870. Entering the army in 1807, ho served in India antl Spain ; and early in 1814, having become brev. lieut-col. of the 5th W.I. regt., he was ordered to Amcr. At the battle of Bladensburg, Aug. 24, 1814, he had 2 horses killed under him. It was ho, who, at the head of 100 men, acting under orders from Gen. Ross, forced the Capitol at Wash- ington. He also took part in the attack on Baltimore. Dec. 23, 1814, and again Jan. 8, 1815, he was wounded before N. Orleans, and was sent home. He recovered just in time to join Wellington at Qtialre Bras, where a-ain he had 2 horses killed under him. He com. in Spain, in 1835-7, the "British Auxiliary Le- gion," and since 1846 had been M. P. from Westminster. He served as a lieut.-gen. in the Crimean war, and was disting at the Alma and at Inkerman. Author of "Facts relating to the Capture of Washington," &c., Lond., 8vo, 1829. Evans, Hugh Davy, LL.D., b. Baltimore, 1792 ; d. there 16 July, 1868. He ranked with the best lawvers of his day. Author of " Es- say on Pleading," Bait., 8vo, 1827 ; " Mary- land Common Law Practice," 8vo, 1839 ; "Es- says to prove the Validity of Anglican Ordina- tions," 12mo, 1844 ; second series, 2 vols., 1851; "Essay on the Episcopate," 12mo, 1855. Ed. and contrib. to .several Episc. jour- nals. — Allibone. Evans, John, M.D. (St. L. Med. Coll), geolo-ist, b. Portsmouth, N.H., Feb. 14, 1812; d. Washington, DC, Apr. 13, 1861. Son of Judge Rii-hard. lie assisted in the gcol. sur- veys of Wis., Minn , Iowa, and Neb , and at- tracted notice by his discovery and description of a large deposit of fossil bones of extinct species of mammalia in the mauvaises terms of Neb. The U.S. Govt, soon after employed -EVA. 811 EVE him upon the geol. survey of Washington and Orejon Tenitoiies. After years of severe la- hor, lie completed this work ; was for a short time geologist to tlio Chiriqui commiss., and was prepiinng at Washington the pub. of his ri'port of the surveys of Oregon and Washing- ton, when bcdKd. — Appl.lon. Evans, Josimi J., hiwvt-r and senator, b. Maii'.MM:i':li !>!-', sr.'Xnv. oj, 1786; d. 18US II , I :. ,1 ,, I I' uhant's clerk; taui:lii ~. ,.i>il Mil I \ I ,1 , -iiniiiil law, attained a hi-li .v-.ii |".--iii.jii , III lt.lj, '13, and '16, he was sunt to the le;^isl.; was State solicitur for 13 years ; judge of the Sup. Court from 1830 to 18:i2, ami U.S. senator from 1852 until his Evans, b.ali. LOL-I or and engineer, le pub. at Phihi , or of the British nd of till in 1749, a cIki Colonies in N, adjacent on t cd. appeared in 175.5. In 175G, he pub. in London a pamphlet in reply to some siricturcs on a stateineiit questioning the English title to Fort Krunienac, which had been appended to the last edition of his map. Both appeared under the title of "Geographical, Historical, Political, riiilosopliical, and Mechanical Es- says." In 1776, bis map was repub. with large addiiions by Gov. Pownall. Evans, Nathan George, maj.-gen. C.S.A , b. Darlington Dist.'S.C, ab. 1829 ; d. Midway,Ala.,Nov.30,1868. WestPoint, 1848. Entering the 1st Dragoons, he became 1st licut. 2d Cav., 3 IMar. 1855; capt. May 1, 1856; disting. himself in battle with the Camanches, in Texas, Oct. 1, 1838 ; resigned Feb. 27, 1861 ; entered the confed. service; was made a col., and com. a brigade in the battle of Bull Run ; promoted to brig -gen., and com. the confeder- ates at the battleof Ball's Bluff, Oct. 19, 1861 ; Feb. 6, 1S65, he com. a division in Gordon's corps at Hatcher's Run. Surrendered with Lee, Apr. 9, 1865. At the time of his death, he was engaged in teaching. Evans, Nathaniel, poet and clergyman, b. Phila, June 8, 1742; d. Gloucester Co. N. J., Oct. 29, 1767. Phila. Coll. 1765. Edu- Gated for a merchant by his parents, ho de\oted himself to the Muses. Was adm. to ordcis by theBisbopof London. Returned to Phila., Dec. 26, 1765, and entered upon his mission, but d. soon after. He pub. an edition of Godfrey's poems, prefi.\ing a memoir and an elegy to his memory. A selection from Evans's writings, entitled' " Poems on Several Occasions, with some othcrPieces," was pub. in 1772, in Phila. — riardie ; Allen. Evans, Oliver, inventor, b. Newport, Del., 1755; d. N.Y.,Apr. 21, 1819. Descended from Evan Evans, D.D., first Epis. minister of Phila., who d. 1728. While apprentice to a wheelwright, he displayed his inventive talent, and, at the age of 22, invented a machine for making card-teeth, which superseded the old method of manuf them by hand. Two years later, he went into business with bis bros., who were millers. In I78G-7, ho obtained from the Icgi.sls. of Md. and Pa. the exclusive right to use his improvements in flour-mills. In 1799, he set about the construclion of a steam-car- riage; but, finding that bis steam-engine dif- fered materially from those in use, he patented, and successfully applied it to mills. This was the first steam-engine constructed on the high pressure principle. In 1803-4, he constructed the first steam-dredging machine used in Amcr. "The machine, which he named the ' Or:\<'tnr .\ni; Inlioli.;,' liaving li.cn placed upuii ^.,^ , - ;ii,.|, ,|,,i i,,|.l| tolhiiSrhnylkill, li Mil. , .11 I, iij 1)1 ii HI- mi.-il uiih apaddle- j:i'i . I I ; :i 1 ii l.iimiT. Tlii- i^ believed t'. i r. I I , :,-r in, [.mill 111 .Viiier. of the ^'V'r I . :i .1 ; nii-jiMUir ti. tlir pi-upelling incni on raiiwajs or wood or iron, and urged the construclion of a railroad between Phila. and N.Y., but was always prevented, by his limited means, from prosecuting his mechanical experiments to the extent be desired." Author of "Young Millwright's Guide," and the "Young Steam Engineer's Guide." — Ap- plelon. Evans, Thomas, Quaker controversialist, b. Phila., 1798; d. 25 May, 1868. In 1327-8, he opposed the Unitarian views of Elias Hicks a series of able papers the F:iend. In 1828, he pub. " An Exposition of the Faith of the Religious Society of the Friends," &c. Ill 1837, be narrowly escaped shipwreck on a voyage to Charleston, S.C, and, from over- exertion at the pumps, his health was irrepara- bly injured. From 18.'!7 to 1854, he edited, in conjunction with his bro. William, " The Friends' Library," a coll. of tlie standard re- ligious writings of the society, in 14 vols. — Tliomas. EvartS, Jeremiah, sec. of the Board of Foreign Missions, b. Sunderland, Vt., Feb. 3, 1781 ; d. Charleston, S.C, May 10, 1831. Y.C. 1802. After some time spent in teaching, he studied law; was adm. to the N. Haven bar in 1806 ; practised his profession ab. 4 years; then edited the Panoplist at Boston, and in 1820 the Missionari/ Herald. He was ireas. of the Board of Foreign Missions from 1812 to 1820, and corresp. sec. from 1821 till his death. He wrote 24 essays on the rights of the Indians, /' under the signature of " Win. Penn," 1829. — See Memoirs of Ecaris, by E. C. Tracij (8vo, Boston, 1845). EvartS, William Maxwell, LL.D. (Un. Coll. 1857), an eminent lawver, son of the preceding, b. Boston, Feb. 1813. Y.C. 1837. He studied law at the Camb. Law School, and began practice in N.Y. City, ab. 1840. He was active in the Repub. party ; was the principal counsel for Pres. Johnson at his trial in the spring of 1868, and was atty.- gen. of the U.S. in 1868. Everard, Sir Richard, gov. of N.C. 1725-9; d. London, Feb. 17, 1733. His ad- mii.istration was disturbed by frequent alter- cations with the council. He succeeded to the baronetev in Jan. 1706, on tlie death of his lather. Sir Hugh. His dau. Susannah m. David Meade of Va., the ancestor of Bishop M. Everest, Rev. Charle-s W., poet. Wash. Coll. 1838. Formerly of Meridcn, latterly in charge of the Rectory School, Hamden, Ct. 312 Hiis pull. " Babylon," a poem ; " Hare Bell ; " " Moss Hose;" " The Memento ;" " Th2 Snow Dr. The Poets of Co 1843 ; Virion of Death, anil other Poems." His poem cntitlej "Agriculture" is a beautiful picture of country-lile. — Allilmie. Everett, Alexander Hill, LL.D (U. of Vt. 1826), scliolar anil diplomatist, b. Boston, Mar. 19, 1790; tl. Canton, China, June 29, 1847. H.U. 1806. Son of Rev. Oliver. He was an usher in Phillips Exeter Acail. ; hf.L'au to stiiily law in the office of J. Q. A'l.i II , r. i I ill, ill 1807 ; anil was a member of III ;li;it founded the Montlily Ami"' I i I ■ • lie accomp. J. Q. Adams to St I'iir liiiij, :i, altaclie to the legation, to whith he became sec. in 1815. He visited En;;, in 1811, and, after a short trip to Paris, returned borne in 1812, and wrote some political pieces in favor of the war, and against the Hart- lord Convention. He \Kcaiaa charge d'affaires at Brussels in 1818; in 1825-9 was minister to Spain, and from 1845 till his death was commiss. to China. In 1840, he was sent on a confidential mission to Cuba. In 1829, he became editor and principal prop, of the A''. Amer. Review, to which he had long been a contrib. He invited Irving to Madrid ; made him an attache lo his legation, and encouraged him in the preparation of his Spanish histories. He also aided Mr. Prcscott in similar pursuits. Member of the Ms. legisl. 1830-5, taking an active part as a Democ. politician. He was skilled in the languages and literature of modern Europe, as well as philosophy, di- plomacy, and the laws of nations. He pnb. "Europe," 1821; "America," 1827; "New Views on Population," 1822 ; a vol. of essays in 1845, and a small vol. of poems, 1845. To Sparks's " Am. Biography," ho contrib. Lives of Warren and Patrick Henry. Also contrib. to the Democratic and Boston Qaarterly /Je- ered the Phi Beta Kappa poem on American Poets. Ord. pastor of the Brattle-st. (Boston) Unitarian Church, 9 Feb. 1814 ; accepted the chair of Greek literature at H. U. 5 Mar. 1815; visited Europe, where he studied 2 years at the U. of GiJttingen, and travelled extensively, re- turning in the spring of 1819, and entering upon the duties of his professorship. May 8, 1822, he m. Charlotte Gray, dau. of Hon. Peter C. Brooks. In 1824, he delivered at Cam- bridge an oration on Amer. Literature, at which Laliiyette was present. M.C. 1825-35; gov. of Ms. 1836-40; minister toEng. in 1841- 5; pres. H.U. 1846-9; sec. of State, as succes- sor of Daniel Webster, Nov. 1852-Mar. 1853, and U.S. senator from that time until his re- tirement to private life on account of ill health, in May, 1854. He subsequently wrote and lec- tured with great success in behalf of the Mt. Vernon Fund, for the purchase of the home and burial-place of Washington, that it might thenceforth belong to the American people. He was the candidate, in 1860, of the party of conciliation and compromise, for ihe vice-pres- idency. The Bell anil I'.verrtt lieket, however, had but39 electoral von , Am r ihe Uebellion began, he gave all his nitluene.' ami energies to the support of the FcJeial Guvt. Tiiough a remarkable example of varied culture, Mr. Everett is best known by his orations and ad- dresses, which are models of grace and elegance of style. His historical efforts are of great value. During his terra as gov. of Ms., the Board of Education was organized, normal schools founded, and scientific and agricultural surveys of the State were established. He visited Europe a second time in 1840-1, and was in 1843 app. minister to China, but de- clined. As minister to Eng., his management t, D.iviD, journalist, b. Princeton, Ms., March 29, 1770; d. Marietta, O., Dec. 21, 1813. Dartm. Coll. 1795. While teach- ing a grammar school at N. Ipswich, he wrote the famous juvenile recitation commencing, — • age He studied law in Boston, and wrote for Russell's Gazette and Dennie's Farmer's Muse- um. His prose papers, " Common Sense in Dishabille," were collected in 1799, in a small vol., as was also his " Farmer's Monitor." He contrib. to a literary paper, the Nightingale, in 1796. In 1800, ho produced a tragedy, " Da- ranzel, or the Persian Patriot," acted and pub. at Boston in 1800. He removed to Amherst in 1802, where ho practised law. Returning to Boston in 1807, in 1809 he edited the Boston Patriot, and in 1812 the Pilot. Author of an essay on " The Rights and Duties of Nations," and "Junius Americanus," in the Boston Ga- zette, in defence of John Adams. — Duuckinck; B.C. Alumni. Everett, Edward, LL.D., D.C.L., scholar and orator, b. Dorchester, Ms., U Apr. 1794; d. Boston, 15 Jan. 1865. H.U. 181 1. Son of Rev. Oliver. Tutor at H.U. in 1812, and deliv- boundary,and the MeLeoil and the Creole cases, reflected the highest credit upon his abilities. In Congress, he opposed the policy of removing the Indians without their consent, and advocat- ed free trade. Ho was one of the early editors of the N. A. Review, to which he contrib., among other important articles, that on Nullifi- cation, in Oct. 1830. In this periodical he suc- cessfully vindicated American principles and institutions against a crowd of British travel- lers and authors, who were endeavoring to bring them into contempt. His contnbs. to the N. y. Ledger in 1858 were afterward coll., and pub. as "The Mount Vernon Papers." His speeches and addresses were coll. and pub. in 4 vols., 8vo. He received the degree of D.C.L. from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. He was the intimate friend of Webster, and wrote the best Life extant of that distinguished man, whoso collected writ- ings he edited. — See Memoir of Everett, Bost., 1865; Golden Age of Amer. Oruton/, 1857; Character and Characteristic Men, E. P. Whip- ple^ Horace, LL.D., lawyer and pol- b. 1780; d. Windsor, Vt., Jan. 30, 1851. Brown U. 1797. He was successful in his practice at Windsor; was in the State legisl. in 1819-20, 1822-4, and 1834; State- atty. for Windsor Co., 1813-17 ; a prominent E'W^B 313 member of the State Const. Conv. of 1828, and M.C. 18J9-43. He distill^, himself in Consress by his zeal in behalf of the Indians. Ewbarik, Thomas, writer on practical me- chanics, b. Barnard Castle, Durham, Eng., March U, 1792 ; d. New York, Sept. 16, 1870. At 1.3, he was apprenticed to a tin and copper smith ; emigrated to New York ab. 1819, and in 1820 commenced the maniif. of metallic tub- ing there, from which business he retired in 1836 to devote himself to literary and scien- tific pursuits. In 1842, he pub. " Descriptive and Historical Account of Hydraulic and other Macliines." In 1845-6, he visited Brazil, of which lie pub. an account in 1856, entitled "Life in Brazil." Comiiiiss. of ))iiicnts from 1849 to 1832. He pub. .'iiun |,.,ii., al^o a wovUcntitled"TheWoiIM V, ,v is:,.-,; "Thouslitson Matter ami 1 I " l!e- mini^cences in the Patciu-i i:li i, ' \^<''.<. and a variety of essays on the philosophy and his- tory of inventions in the " Transactions of the Franklin Insiitnte." His " Experiments on Marine Propulsion, or the Virtue of Form in Propelling Blades," was reprinted in Europe. As a member of the commission to examine and report upon the strength of the marbles oflFered for the extension of the National Capi- tol, he discovered the method of greatly in- creasing the resisting power of building stones. Founder of the Ethnological Society. Ewell, Benjamin S., instructor, b. D.C., ab. 1810. West Point, 1832. Entering the 4th Art., he was assist, prof, of math, at West Point, 1832-5; of nat. philos. 1835-6, and re- signed 30 Sept. 1836 ; assist, eugr. Bait, and Susq. Railroad, 1836-9 ; prof, math., Hamp. Sid. Coll., Va., 1839-42; prof. math, and milit. science, Wash. Coll., Lexington, Va., 1846-8; prof, math., and acting president, Wm. and Mary Coll., Va., 1848-9; prof. math, and nat. science since 1849, and pres. since 1854. — Cnllum. Ewell, Richard Stoddakd, lieut.-gen. C.S.A., b. D.C. ab. 1820. West Point, 1840. Entering 1st Dragoons, he was brev. capt. for gallantrv at Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847 ; capt. Aug. 4, 1849 ; disting. in bat- tle witli Apaches, in N. Mexico, June 27, 1857 ; resigned May 7, 1861 ; entered Confed. service; made brig.-gen. ; took part in the action at Blackburn's Ford, July 18, 1861 ; and at Bull Run, com. the extreme right; afterward maj.- gen., and led a corps in the army of Va., and was at the battles of White-oak Swamp and Cedar Mountain. He accomp. Lee in his movement against Pope, Aug. 1862, and Aug. 27 was defeated by Hooker at Kettle Run, near Manassas Junction. He was in the battles near Bull Run, Aug. 28-30, and also in the suc- ceeding Md. campaign, in which he was severe- ly wounded. On the death of Stonewall Jack- eon, he was, at his request, made a lieut.-gen. May 20, 1863, and assigned to the 2d corps; witii it he fought at Winchester, Gettysburg, and during the first day of the battle of the Wilderness, May, 1864, and in the subsequent operations of the campaign, at one timecomg. the dept. of Henrico ; captured by Gen. Sheri- dan, April 6, 1865, near the Appomattox River. Ewen, William, Revol. patriot, b. Eng. ab. 1 720 ; d. Ga. soon after the Revol. He came to Ga. about 1734 as an apprentice to the Trustees; was one of the earliest and most active of the Revol. leaders of Ga. ; a member of the council of safety ; and, as first pres. of the exec, council, performed the duties of gov. in 1775.— Ga. Hist. Colls., 199. Ewing, Charles, LL.D. (Jeff. Coll.), jurist, b. Burlington Co., N.J., Julv 8, 1780; d. Trenton, Aug. 5, 1832. N.J. Coll. 1798. Son of James Ewing, commiss. of loans for N.J. ; a Revol. patriot. Adni. to the bar in 1802, he practised at Trenton with success; became a counsellor in 1812, and from 1824 to his d. was chief-justice of N.J. — See Nat, Port. Gall., vol. ii. Ewing, James, general, b. Lancaster Co., Pa., 1736 ; d. at his seat in Hellam township in March, 1806. He accomp. Braddock's exped. in 1755 ; July 4, 1776, he was elected a brig.- gen. of Pa. militia, and had a part assigned him in the surprise of Trenton, but was pre- vented, by the ice and a high wind, from cross- ing the Delaware as previouslyarranged. Vice- prcs. of Pa. under Pres. Dickinson in 1782-5, and was several times member of the State Icgisl. His name has been variously given as Irvine, Irwin, and Erwing. — Lossinq. Ewing, John, D.D. (Edinb.'U. 1773), scholar and divine, b. E. Nottingham, Md., June 22, 1732 ; d. Phila., Sept. 8, 1802. N.J. Coll. 1754. His emig. ancestors came from Ireland, and settled on the banks of the Sus- quehanna. Tutor in N. J. Coll., then instructor in philos. in the Phila. Coll., and on its being made the U. of Pa., in 1779, became provost, holding the position until his death. Ho be- came pastor of the 1st Presb. Churcli, Phila., in 1759 ; visited Eng. in 1773-5 to collect funds for the acad. at Newark, Del. ; vice-pres. of the Philos. Society, to whose " Transactions " he made several contribs. He was a commiss. to run the boundary-line of Del., and to settle the boundaries between Ms. and Ct., and be- tween Pa. and Va. His learning was various and profound, and as a preacher he was highly- popular. His collegiate lectures on nat. phi- losophy, with a biog. by Rev. R. Patterson, (2 vols., 1809), and a vol. of his sermons with a memoir, were pub. in 1812. — Sprarjue. Ewing, Thomas, LL.D., lawyer and states- man, b. near West Liberty, Ohio 'Co.,Va., Dec. 28, 1789./^ Ohio U. 1815. George, his father, a Revol. officer, one of the founders of Ames- town, 0., d. Ind. ab. 1830. He received his early education chiefly from an elder sister, and, with his father's family, settled in the wilds of Ohio, ab. 1792. In 1814, he was a school- teaclier. He studied law, and was adm. to the bar in 1816 ; was a U.S. senator from 0. from 1831 to 1837 ; sec. of the treasury under Harrison in 1841 ; sec. of the interior under Pres. Taylor in 1849, and U. S. senator in 1850-1, since residing in Lancaster, O. In the U.S. senate, he supported the protective system of Clay ; reported a bill from the com. on post- ofSces, which in 1835 resulted in the rc-organ- ization of the dept. He actively defended Tay- lor's administration, did not vote for the fugi- tive-slave law, helped to defeat Clay's com- 314 promise bill, advocated river and harbor appro- priations, a reduction of postage, and the aboli- tion of slavery in the District of Columbia. While sec. of the interior, he organized the dept. Differing with his party on the slavery question, he left the cabinet in July, 1850. Mr. Kwing's celebi ity as a lawyer and public speaker equals his reputation as a statesman. Dele- gate to the peace convention, 1861. — Applcton. Ewing, ThO-mas, Jun., lawyer, son of the preceding, b. Lancaster, O., 7 Aug. 1829. Ed- ucated at Brown U. and at Ciri. Law School, 1855 ; private sec. to Pros. Taylor, 1849-50. He be-an practice in Cin.'in., fnit in 1856 re- moved to Leavenworth, Ks. ; member Leav. Const Conv. ; chief-justi('e of Ks. 1861-2; col. lull Ks. Inf. 15 Sept. 1802 ; brig.-gen. 12 Mar. 18G;!. Juiniii;,' Gen. Bhint, be took part in the battlesof Fort Wayne, Cane Hill, Prairie Grove, and Van Buren ; com. the dist. of the Border, June, 1863-Feb. 1864, then took command of S. E. Mo., and made a gallant fight at Pilot Knob, Mo., ag.tinst the attack of Gen. Price, 27 Sept. 1864, making good his retreat to RoUa, and receiving the brev. of maj.-gen. He has practised law in Washington, D.C., since the war. Exmouth, Edward Pellkw, Viscount, an ciuincnt British adm., b. Dover, 19 April, 1757 ; d. Teignmouth. 23 Jan. 1833. He en- tered ihe navy in 1770 ; joined " The Blonde," frigate, wliich sailed to the relief of Quebec, and in the schooner " Carleton " disting. him- self in the battle, 11 Oct. I77G, on Lake Cham- plain, with the flotilla of Arnold, whom he came near making his prisoner. In com. of a party of seamen, he rendered great assistance to the army of Burgoyne in its difficult advance to Saratoga, and was sent home with despatch- es, and promoted. His brother John was aide- de-camp to Gen. Phillips, and was killed in this campaign. Made post-capt. May 31, 1782; knighted 5 Mar. 1796, for services in the war against France; made rear-adm. 1804; anni- hilated the Dutch naval force in the E. Indies in 1806; made Baron E.\mouth and adm. of the Blue in 1814, and 26 Aug., 1816, attacked Algiers, destroying the entire Algerine navy, compelling the submission of the dey, the lib- eration of 1,200 captives, and the payment of a large sum of money. For this service he was made a viscount; viceadm. of Eng., 15 Feb. 1832. Fairbanks, Ekastus, manufacturer, and gov. of Vt. 1852-3 and 1860-1, b. Brimfield, Ms., Oct. 28, 1792; d. St. Johnshnry, Vt., Nov. 20, 1864. He had a common-school edu- cation ; taught school in St. Johnsbury, Vt. ; engaged in business with moderate success, and in 1825 formed a partnership with his younger bro. for the manuf. of platform scales. The enterprise proved extraordinarily successful ; and their scales attained a world-wide reputa- tion. Member of the legisl. in 1836-8; pres. of the Passumpsic and Ct. Elver It.R. Co. in 1849. Fairchild, Lncics, gov. Wis. 1866-7, see. of State, 1864-5, b. Franklin Mills, Por- tage Co., 0., 27 Dec. 1831. Lieut.-col. 2d Iowa Inf. June, 1861 ; capt. I6th U. S. Inf 5 Aug. 1861 ; com. an Iowa regt. in McClellan's and Pope's campaigns, and became brig.-gen. vols. 5 Aug. 1861. Fairfax, Bryan, 8th and last baron of the name, b. ab. 1730 ; d. Mount Eagle, near Cam- eron, Aug. 7, 1802. Third son of the Hon. Col. William Fairfax, pres. of the Council of Va., and resided at Towlston Hall, Fairfax Co., though, forsome time during the latter part of his life, he was an Epis. clergyman at Alexan- dria. An affectionate intercourse existed be- tween him and Washington throughout life, notwithstanding his being a Loyalist. He succeeded to the title on the death of Rob- ert, 7th Lord Fairfax, in 1791. George Wil- liam, his bro., the early companion and as- sociate of Washington, d. Bath, Eng., 1787, a. 63. On the death of his father in 1757, he succeeded to his estate, m. a dan. of Col. Carey of Hampton, became a member of the council, and lived at Belvoir. In 1773, he went to Eng. — Sahhie. Fairfax, Doxald McN., capt. U.S.N., b. Va., Aug. 10, 1822. Midshipm. Aug. 12, 1837; lieut. Feb. 26, 1851; com. Julv 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 186G. During the Mex- ican war served under Dupont on the west coast of Mexico and Cal., and was at the capture of several towns. Com. steam gun- boat "Cayuga," West Gulf squad., 1862-3 ; on the Lower Mpi. from June, 1862, to Feb. 1863, under Farragut; S.A. block, squad., 1863, com. steamers " Nantucket " and " Montauk " in several attacks on defences of Charleston harbor, under Dupont and Dahlgren ; com. naval acad. 1864-5 ; com. fiag.>.hip " Rhode Island," N.A. squad., 1866-7, and steam-sloop " Susquehanna," 1867-8. — ILimerslij. Fairfax, Thomas, 6th lord and baron of Cameron, the friend and patron of Washing- ton's early life, b. Eng., 1691 ; d. at his seat at Greenway Court, Frederick Co., Va., Dec. 12, 1781 ; son of Thomas, Lord Fairfax, and of Catharine, dan. of Lord Culpeper. Educated at Oxford, and aftcrward-i held a commission in the Blues. A contributor to Addison's "Spectator." Succeeding to the title and to the family estates in Va., inherited from his mother, between the Rappahannock and Potomac Rivers, and a great portion of the Shenandoah Valley, he settled in Va. in 1745, fixing his residence a few miles from Win- chester. Here he lived in a style of liberal hospitality, frequently indulging in the diver- sion of the chase. In 1748, he made the acquaintance of Washington, then a youth of 16, and, impressed with his energy and talents, employed him to survey his lands lying west of the Blue Ridge. Though a frank and avowed Loyalist, he was never insulted or molested by the Whigs. His barony and immense domain, consisting of 5,282,000 acres, descended to his only surviving bro., Robert, 7th lord, who d. at Leeds Castle, Eng., in 1791 ; but, as the domain was in possession of Lord Thomas during the Revol., it was confiscated. Fairfield, Genevieve Genevra, dau. of Sumner L., b. N. Y., 1832. Author of " Genevra, or the History of a Portrait," " The Vice President's Daughter," "The Wife of Two Husbands," " The Innkeeper's Daughter." FAJ. 315 Fairfield, John, lawyer (i b. Saco, Mc, Jan. 30, 1797; d. Washington, Dec. 24, 1847. He received a common school education ; practised law in his native town ; became distin;;. ; was in 1832 app. reporter of decisions of the Supreme Judicial Court ; was M.C. in 1835-9; fjov. of Me. in 1839-40, 1842-3; and U.S. sen. from 1843 to his d. Author of " Supremo Court Reports," 1835-7, Fairfield, Sumner Lincoln, poet, b. Warwick, Ms., June 25, 1803 ; d. N. Orleans, March 6, 1844. Ho studied at Brown U. Was two years a tutor at the South, and, determining to lead a literary life, sailed for Lend, in liec. 1825. His poem, "The Cities of the Plain," appeared in the Oriental Herald, and at Versailles he wrote " P6re la Chaise " and " Westminster Abbey." Returning in July, 1826, ho soon after pub. " The Sisters of St. Clara," followed in 1830 by " Abaddon " and other poems. Having m. Miss Jane Frazec of Railway, N.J., he gained a pre- carious subsistence by writing for the press, until placed by some friends at the head of Newtown Acad., ab. 30 miles from Phila. The accidental drowning of one of his pupils threw such a gloom over him, that he gave up his situation, and removed to N.Y. By the exertions of his wife in soliciting sub- scriptions, ])rineipally in Boston, 1829-32, he was enabled to pub. in 1832 a new foem, " The Lust Night of Pompeii." He also pub. " Lays of Melpomene," 1824 ; and " The Heir of the World," &c., 1829. From 1833 to 1838, he pub. the N. Amer. Mafjazine. In 1846, Mrs. Fairfield issued a small vol. containing a life of her husband, from her pen, and a few of his poems. He excelled as an instructor in history and belles-lettres. A vol. of his poems was published iu 1841. — Z)«//ci»ici. Fairman, David, Richard, and Gideon, engravers ol Phila.; d. respectively, Aug. 19, 1815, a. 33; Dec. 1821, a. 34; and March 18, 1827, a. 51. Falcon, Gen. Juan Christomo, Pres. of Venezuela in 1863 and 1865, b. Caracas; d. Martinque, May, 1870. He had been a successful soldier, and was elected vice-pres. in 1861. In Aug. 1868, he was compelled to resign by the revolutionists under Mona- gas. Fales, Mrs. Almira L., philanthropist, b. N.Y.; d. Washington, D.C., Nov. 8, 1868. In mature life, she removed to la., whence slie went with her husband, Joseph T. Fales, to Washington, where he had a situation as ex- aminer in the patent-office. When the civil war broke out, she entered upon the care of sick and wounded soldiers. At Pittsburg Land- ing and other Western battle-fields, Mrs. Fales actively ministered to the wounded and dying soldiers. The govt, placed an ambulance at her command, and with this, laden with stores, she visited the hospitals and the fields of battle. Wherever she appeared, the brightness of her smile, and the cheerful tone of her voice, at once dispelled gloom and despondency. For some time, Mrs. Fales was charged by the govt, ■with the superintendence of the sick and wounded sent from the hospitals in and around Washington to the hospitals in N.Y. and else- where. Faneuil (formerly prop. pron. FQn'-el), Peter, a liberal Boston merchant, b. of a French Huguenot family, NewRochelle, N.Y., 1700; d. Boston, Mareli 3, 1743. In 1740, at a public meeting, he offered to bnild a suitable edifice for a public market-house, at his own cost, as a gift to the town. The building, com- menced in Dock Square in Sept. 1740, and fin- ished in 1742, comprised a market-house on the ground-floor, and a town-hall, with other rooms over it. In 1761, it was destroyed by fire ; in 1763, it was rebuilt by the town ; and in 1775, during the British occupation of Boston, it was used for a theatre. In 1805, it was altered and enlarged. During the Revol. period, it was the usual place of meeting of the patriots ; and, from the stirring debates and important resolu- tions which were often heard within its walls, it gained the name of " the cradle of American ]\berty."—Drahe's Hist, of Boston. Fannin, Col. James W., Texan revolu- tionist, b. N. C. ; killed at Goliad, March 27, 1836. Oct. 28, 1835, he defeated a greatly su- perior Mexican force near Bexar, and was soon after promoted by Gen. Houston, col. of ariillery and insp.-gen. Attacked, March 19, at the Co- leta River, by a large Mexican force under Gen. Urrea, the Texans defended themselves with spirit until night, and renewed the battle on the 20th ; but, the Mexicans having been re-enforced, a capitulation was signed, by which it was agreed that the Texans should be treated as prisoners of war, and, as soon as possible, sent to the U. S. Having surrendered their arm.s, on the 26th an order was received from Santa Ana, requiring them to be shot. At daybreak the following morning, the prisoners, 357 in number, weie accordingly shot. Fannin was the last to suffer. Fanning, Alex. C. W.,lieut.-eol.U.S. A., b. Ms., 1788 ; d. Cincinnati, O., Aug. 18, 1846. West Point, 1812. Lieut. 3d Art. March, 1812; capt. March 13, 1813; severely wounded at capture of York, U. C, April 27, 1813; dis- ting. in repulse of British naval forces, St. Lawrence, Nov. 2, 1813 ; brev. maj. for gallant conduct in defence of Fort Erie, Aug. 15, 1814; acting insp.-gen. in Jackson's div., April 1, 1818 ; maj. 4th Art. Nov. 3, 1832; brev. col. for gallant and meritorious conduct in battle, near the Onithlacoochie, and in defence of Fort Mellon, Fla., Feb. 8, 1837; lieut-col. 4th Art. Sept. 16, 1838. Fanning, David, a Tory desperado of N. C. during the Revol., b.Wake Co., N.C., ab. 1756; d. Digby, N. S., 1825. A carpenter by trade, he led a vagabond life, trading with the Indians. In 1781, Fanning, having been robbed by a party of men who called themselves Whigs, joined the Tories, collected a small band of des- peradoes, laid waste the settlements, and com- mitted frightful atrocities, for which lie was rewarded by Major Craig, the British com. at Wilmington, with a commission of lieut.-col. of militia. By the rapidity and secrecy of his movements, he succeeded in capturing many prominent Whigs, hanging those who had in- eured his personal resentment. At one time, he dashed into the village of Pittsborough, FAN 316 where a court was then in session, and carried off the judges, lawyers, officers, and some of the citizens; 3 weeiss later, he captured Col. Al- ston and 30 men in his own house, and soon afterwanl, at Ilill.lioruu'jh, took Gov. Burke with lii^ vvlhilc Miit. , iuid a number of the prin- cipal inliiiliii.Miiv, His name was a terror to the wIidIi' I'.initry, and he was exempted from all acts of pardon. When the Whigs gained the ascendency in N. C, he went to Fla., and afterward to St. John, N. B., where he became a member of the Assembly. Sentenced to be hanged for rape ab. 1800, he escaped from pris- on, and was afterward pardoned. Fanning, Edmu.nd, LL.D. ( Y. C. 1803), loyalist, b. Long Island, 1737 ; d. Lond., Feb. 28,1818. Y. C. 1757. Son of Col. Phineas. Settled as a lawyer in Hillsborough, N.C. ; soon became popular. App. col. of Orange Co. in 1763, and m 1765 clerk of the Supreme Court, and member of the legisl. He married the dau. of Gov. Tryon, and soon after became very obnoxious to the people by his exorbitant charges for legal services, and by his zeal in quelling a rebellion against the severe exac- tions of the govt., and in bringing its leaders to the scaffold. To escape popular indignation, he accomp. Gov. Tryon to N. Y., as sec, in 1771. Having subsequently applied to the N.C. legisl. for reparation for losses from destruction of his property, they unanimously rejected the petition, and rebuked the gov. for presenting it, thus "trifling with thedignity of the house." In 1774, he received from the British Govt, the lucrative office of surveyor-gen., as a reward for his services and losses in N. C. In 1776, he raised and com. "The King's American Regt. of Foot ; " was celebrated for talent, activity, and severity towards his countrymen, and was twice wounded. After the war, he went to Nova Scotia, of which he became councillor and lieut.-gov. Sept. 23, 1783; and from 1786 until he went to Eng., in 1805, was gov. of Prince Edward Island. Maj.-gen. in the Brit- ish army in 1793, lieut.-gen. 1799, gen. 1808. His indiscretion in N. C. was ever after a sub- ject of regret to him. He was an able jurist and legislator. Fanning, Golbert, d. Tenn. 1810. Pub. " Correct Method of Searching the Scriptures." Editor of the Arjricutturisl, 5 vols., 8vo. Con- trib. to various agric. journals. — Allibone. Fargues, Thomas, M.D., a Canadian physician and scholar, b. Quebec, I "80 ; d. there Dee. 11,1847. H.U.1797. M.D.ofthe U. of Edinb., where he gave his valuable thesis on " Chorea." He resided some years in London, but in 1811 settled in Quebec, where he was" long a leading practitioner. — Monjan. Farley, Hakkiet, b. Claremont, N.H. Many years editor of and conirib. to the Louxtl Offerinq, a monthly sustained by the pens of the factory -girls there. Autlior of " Shells from the Strand," 1847, and "Mind among the Spindles," a selection from tlie Lowell Offering, with an Introd. by Charles Knight, pub. Lond., \U9. — Allibune. Farley, Michael, an active Rcvol. leader, b. Ipswich, Ms., 1719 ; d. there June 20, 1789. Several years a leading member of the General Court ; delegate to the Prov. Congress in 1774- 5 ; member of the exec, council ; several years maj.-gen. of militia, and a (k-lcgatc to tlie con- vention for adopting the U.S. Constitution. Farmer, Hknrv T , iihvsician and poet, b. Kng. ; d. Charieston, S.C, ab. 1840, a. 46. Emigrating in early life to Charleston, he en- gaged in commercial pursuits ; afterward re- moved to N.Y., where he studied medicine under Drs. Francis and Hosack ; was grad. at the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons in 1821, and practised at Charleston until his death. In 1819, he pub. "Imagination, the Mariner's Dream, and other Poems." — Ditydchick. Farmer, John, a celebrated genealogist and antiquary, b. Chelmsford, Ms., June 12, 1789; d. Concord, N.H., Aug. 13, 1838. In- heriting a feeble constitution, he in early life devoted himself to study. He taught school 10 years, and was subsequently engaged for a few years in business, but finally relinquished active pursuits, and devoted himself to literary and antiquarian researches with zeal and success. Member of various hist, and lit. bodies, and, at the time of his death, was eorresp. sec. of the N.H. Hist. Society, of which he was one of the founders. His publications were numerous: among the most important of them are his edition of Belknap's " Hist, of N. H.," and his " Genealogical Register of the First Set- tlers of New Eng.," 1829, a work of vast labor and research. He pub. also a History of Billerica, 1806; of Amherst, 1820; and " Gazetteer of N. H.," 1823, besides his com- munications to the " Hist. Colls." of the Hist. Societies of Ms. and N.H., and to the Amer. Qtiiirterli/ Rei/ister; and he was also the com- piler of the "N.H. Register." In 1822, in connection with J. B. Moore, E.sq., he com- menced the Colls. Hist.,Biog., Topog., &c., of N. H., of which 3 vols, were pub. Farnham, Eliza W. ( Bo rhaus), philan- thropist and author, b. Renssehterville, N.Y., Nov. 17, 1815; d. N.Y. City, Dec. 15, 1864. In 1835, she went to III., and in 1836 was m. there to Thomas J. {"arnham. In 1841, she returned to N.Y., and was employed in visiting prisons, and in lecturing to women, till the spring of 1844, when she accepted an appt. as matron of the female dept. of the State Prison at Sing Sing. She pub. " Life in Prairie Land," and edited Sampson's " Criminal Juris- prudence," while there. In 1848, she was con- nected with the Inst, for the Blind in Boston. She was in Cal. from 1849 to 1856, when she returned toN.Y., and pub. "California in Doors and out." She then studied medicine 2 years. In 1859, she organized a society to aid and protect destitute women in emigrating to the West, and went thither at different times with large numbers of them. She pub. in 1859 " My Early Days," and subsequently returned to Cal. The " Era of Women," also pub. by her (1864), treated of social reforms in the position and rights of woman. — Dui/clcinck. Farnham, Kev. Luther, b.' Concord, N.H., Feb. 5, 1816. D.C. 1837; And. Sem. 1841. Pastorof the Cong. Church, Northfield, Ms., 1844-5; and for some years had charge of the church at Marshficld. Sec. of the South. Aid Soc, 1855-61 ; and, since 1862, sec. of the General Theol. Library at Boston. Besides >^R 317 ministerial, editorial, and other labors, he has pub. a " Glance at Private Lihrarics," 1855; and has prep, a " Hist, of the Ms. Hort. Soc." Farnham, R.^lph, a soldier ofjhe Rcvol., b. Lebanon, iMe., July 7, 1756 ; d. Acton, Me., Dec. 26, 1861, a 104 yrs. 5 ms. 19 days. In 1780, he settled at Acton, Me., of which town- ship he was the first inhabitant. He was in- vited to Boston in Oct. 1860; and a concert was given liim at Treniont Temple. Parnham, Thomas .J., traveller, husband of Eliza W., I.. Vt., lSO-4 ; d. Cal., Sept. 1848. A huvver l.y |,iv,lr,M,,n. In IS.io, li.-oiuMnized and Iril a Mil iM rxiHil, am,-^ tlic .■.luiiiirnt to Orefioii. II- unii I.I Cal llir -anir yar. and proCUlV'I ill' K I'M-.' Ill' a lal'^c llllllilirr of American ami EimU»li pn-unei's cif the Mexi- can Govt. Ill 1842, lie |>nb. " Travels in Oregon Territory;" in 1845, " Travels in California, and Scenes in the Pacific ;" "A Memoir of the Xorlh-west Boundary-Line," and " Mexico, its Geography, People, and In- stitutions," 8vo, 1846. Parnsworth, Benj.vmin Franklin, D.D. (Georgetown Coll.;, educator, b. Bridgeton, Me., Dec. 17, 1793 ; d. Louisville, Ky., June 4, 1851. Dartm. Coll. 1813. Pastor of the Bap- tist Church at Edenton, N.C., two years ; prin- cipal of the Briilgewater (Ms.) Acad., Sept. 1821 to 1823; then of a female high school, Worcester, Ms. ; next edited the Christian Watchman, Boston ; prof of theology at the New Hampton (N.H.) Theol. Inst, from May, 1826, to 1833; taught two schools in Provi- dence, R.I. ; prcs. of Georgetown Coll., Ky., 1836, and of Louisville U. from 1837 to his death. Farnsworth, Elon J., brig.-gen. vols., b. Livingston Co., Mich., 1835 ; killed at Get- tysburg, July 3, 1863. U. of Mich. Ho went to N. Mexico in 1857, and was connected with the U.S. commissary dept. there and in Utah. Returning liorae in the summer of 1861, he was made batt. quartermaster 8th III. Cav., and subsequently capt. He was in all the en- gagements on the peninsula and the campaign of Gen. Pope ; became aide to Gen. Pleasanton in May, 1863, and brig.-gen. June 29, 1863. ParragUt, David Glascoe, admiral, U.S.N., b.near Knoxville,Tenn., July 5, 1801 ; d. Portsmouth, N.H., Aug. 14, 1870. George, his father, a native of Minorca, came to Amer- ica in 1776; served through the Revol. war; fought at the Cowpens ; attained the rank of major; afterwards settled in Tenn., and was a master in the U.S.N., serving under Patterson in the defence of New Orleans. David was app. midshipman. Dee. 17, 1810; first served on " The Essex," Capt. David Porter, in which, while still a boy, he witnessed her engagement with two Briti.shships-of-war. Before the cap- ture of " The Essex," he had served as acting- lieut. of "The Atlantic," an armed prize. Lient. Jan. 13, 1825. He went in 1833 to the Brazil- ian coast as executive officer of the sloop-of-war "Natchez." Commander, Sept. 8, 1841, and ordered to the sloop-of-war "Decatur," off Bra- zil. In 1847, he took com. of the sloop of-war " Saratoga." He became assist, insp. of ord- nance in 1851 ; com. of the Mare Island (Cal.) navv-yard. 18.54; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; and from 1858 to May, 1860, com. the steam sloop- of-war " Brooklyn." He com. the naval forces of the exped. against N. Orleans, sailing in " The Hartford " from Phila. in Jan. 1862. Arriving at the Gulf of Mexico, he organized the " Western Gulf blockade squad.," entered theMpi. in Mar,, and, after a terrific bombard- ment, passed forts Jackson and Philip, Apr. 24, destroyed a fleet of rebel gunboats, silenced two heavy batteries on the 25tK; and at noon of tliat day the city lay at his mercy. Farra- gnt then proceeded to Vicksburg, which, in con- junction with Flag-Officer Davis, heattempted to reduce; but the attack failed for want of a sufficient land-force lo co-operate. July 11, he received the thanks of both houses of Congress, and on the re-organization of the navy, July 16, 1862, was placed first on the list of rear- admirals. While in com. of the Gulf squad, in the following autumn, he captured Corpus Christi, Sabine Pass, and Galveston. Mar. 14, 1863, in his flag-ship "Hartford," he passed the batteries at Port Hudson, and, having com- mand of the river between Vicksburg and Port H., was enabled to blockade Red River, and thus intercept supplies from Texas for the rebel armies. He co-operated in the capture of Vicksburg and Port Hudson, in July, 1863. Aug. 5, 1864, he defeated the rebel fleet in Mo- bile Bay, which was followed in a few days by the fall of the forts, and the capture of the place. This exploit raised his fame to the high- est point. Dee. 21, 1864, he received the thanks of Congress, and the rank of vice-admiral, created expressly for him. Made admiral, July 25, 1866. In 1867-8, in the U.S. steam-frigate "Franklin," he visited Europe, Africa, and Asia, and was everywhere received with the highest honors. Farrar, Eliza Ware, authoress, b. 1792 ; d. Springfield, Ms., Apr. 22, 1870. Dan. of Benj. Roteh of N. Bedford ; m. in 1828 to Prof. John Farrar of H.U. Author of " Children's Robinson Crusoe," "Life of Lafayette," " Howard," " Youth's Letter- Writer," " Young Lady's Friend," 1837, "Recollections of 70 Years," 1866. Farrar, John, LL.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1833), prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. at H.U., 1807-31, b. Lincoln, Ms., July 1, 1779; d. Cambridge, May 8, 1853. H.U. 1803. App. Greek tutor at Harvard in 1805. In 1818, he pub. " Elements of Algebra," translated from the French of Lacroix, which was succeeded in the 9 following years by 11 other works, trans- lated from Legendre, Biot, Bezout, and others, on different subjects of mathematics and phys- ics, adapted for the course of instruction in the principal institutions of learning through- out the country. Contrib. to the N. A. Review, and to the memoirs of the Amer. Acad., of which he was recording sec. 1811-24, and vice- pres. 1829-30. In 1820, he m. Lucy M. Buck- minster, who d. in 1824. He was again m. in 1828, to Eliza Rotch. Farrar, Timothy, LL.D, judge, b. Con- cord, Ms., July 11, 1747; d, Hollis, N.H., Feb. 21,1849. H.U. 1767. He taught school, and settled in New Ipswich, N.H., in 1770. He participated in the early Revol. movements of the time, and was made a major, and a justice 318 7'^^/^ of the C.C.P. He filled the office of judge more than 40 years. App. chief justice Feb. 22, 1802. Besides his judicial duties, he was, in 1782, a member of tlie N.H. Const. Conv., also one of the committee which drafted the State constitution. Farrar, Timothy, LL.D., b. New Ips- wich, Mar. 17, 1788. .Son of the preceding. Dartm. Coll. 1807. Xaw-partner of Daniel Webster from 1813 to 1816 ; judge of the N.H. Court of Common Pleas in 1S24-33; vicc-])res. of the N.E. Hist, and Geneal. Snc. 1853-8. In 1867, he pub. 'Manual of the U.S. Consti- tution," 8vo. He pub. in 1819 the Dartm. Coll. Case ; a Review of the Dred Scott Case in 1857 ; trial of the Constitution, 1863, in the A'. A. lieview, and several articles in the New- Ew/IeA(je. Faugeres (fo'-zheers'), Margaeetta v., pniir.,, ii I'riii'KMiilk, near Albany, 1771 ; d. N.V i i, . I'iOl. Dau. ot' Ann Eliza Bl' . I III I ; ' ifi opposition to the wishes ol 111 r ! iiiii 1 ,mm| 1 1. Ill Is, she m. Peter Faugeres, a pliv-niau ul N.Y., whose dissipation, in a few years, brought her to poverty and wretched- ness'. Her mother died in 1783, and her father ill 1795. Iler contribs. to the A'^l'. Magazine and the Museum were much admired. In 1793, she pub., prefixed to the works of her mother, a memoir and some of her own poetry. In 1795, she pub. " Belisarius," a tragedy. Soon after the death of her husband, in 1798, she be- came an assist, in a young ladies' acad. in New Brunswick, and afterwards taught in Brook- lyn. — Hardie. Fauquier, Francis, lieut.-gov. of Va. from 1758 to his d., March 3, 1768. The successor of Dinwiddie, his administration was eminently popular and useful. Jeflferson con- sidered liiin tlie ablest of the govs, of Va. He pub.. Loud., 8vo, 1757, "Raising Money for Support of the War," &c. Fay, Heman a., son of Dr. Jonas, b. Bennington, Vt., 1778; d. there 20 Aug. 186.5. West Point, 1808. U.S. milit. store- keeper at Albany, 1818-42. Author of "Official Account of Battles of 1812-15," 1815. Hard wick, Bennington, Vt., Mar. 6, 1818. He received a good education. Was clerk of a Ms. company at Fort Edward in 1756, removed to Bennington in 1766, and soon became prominent among the settlers on the N.H. grants, in their contest with N.Y. and with the muther-coiintry, aiul also in the or- ganization of the .Slate govt. He was their agent to N.Y. in 1772 lo inlorm Guv. Tryon of tlie grounds of their comphdiu ; elcrk to the convention of Mar. 1774, that resolved to de- fend by force Allen and others outlawed by the N.Y. Assembly; surgeon under Allen at the capture of Ticondeioga, and subsequently in Col. Warner's regt. ; member of the con- vention of Jan. 1777, which declared Vt. an independent State, and author of the declara- tion and petition announcing the fact, and their reasons tor it, to Congress ; sec. to the con- vention to form the State constitution in July, 1777, and one of the Council of Safety to administer the govt. ; member of the State Council, 1778-S5 ; judge of the Supreme Court in 1782; of Probate, 1782-7; agent of the State to Congress in Jan. 1777, Oct. 1779, June, 1781, and h'ah. 1782. In 1780, in con- junction with Ethan Allen, he pub. a pamphlet on the N.H. and N.Y. Controversy, printed in Hartford. — 17. Hist. Ga:., 171. Fay, Theodore Sedgewick, author and diplomatist, b. New York, Feb. 10, 1807. Adm. to the bar in 1828. Preferring a literary life, he became a contrib. to and sub- sequently edited the N.Y. Mirror. In 1832, he pub. " Dreams and Reveries of a Quiet Man." Hem. in 1833; spent 3 years travel- ling in Europe, and wrote the " Minute-Book," a journal of travels. His first novel, " Norman Leslie," appeared in 1835. He was U.S. sec. of legation at Berlin from 1837 to 1853; resident minister at Berne, Switzerland, 1853-60. He pub. in 1840 "The Countess Ida ; " in 1843, " Hoboken," a romance of New York; in 1851, " Ulric, or the Voices," a poem in 19 cantos (to which a 20th was added in "The Knickerbocker Gallery" in 1855); " Sidney Clifton," 1839 ; " Robert Rueful," 1844; "Views of Christianity," 1856; a series of papers on Shakspeare, a variety of fugitive pieces in prose and verse, and a " History of Switzerland." Fearon, Hknry Bradshaw, a London surgeon, author of " A Narrative of a Journey of 5,000 Miles through the Eastern and Western Stales of America," Lond., 8vo, 1818. Featherstone, W. S., bhg.-gen. C.S.A., b. Tenn. ; killed near Atlanta, Ga., July 20, 1864. Emigrating to Mpi., he rep. that State in Congress in 1847-51. FeatherstOUhaugh, George William, F.K.S., author; d. Havre, France, 28 Sept. 1866. Author of translationof the "Republic" of Cicero, 1628; " E.xcursion through the Slave States," 8vo, 1844; "Geology of Green Bay and Wisconsin," 1S36; " Geological Report," 1834, ol the country between the Mo. and Red Rivers; " Observations on the Ashburton Treaty," 1842; "Canoe Voyage to the Min- 319 FEL ncsotn," 1847, 2 vols. ; " Gcol. Reconnoissance in 1S35 to COteau dc Prairie," 1836. Having resided many years in tlie West, wliich he liad extensively explored, he was made by the British Govt, a commissioner to settle the northern boundary of the U.S. under the Ash- burton Treat>% and was afterward Briti.-h con- sul to Calvados and Seine, France. Pebiger, Chrtstiav, omI. Ui^vol. armv, b. Denmark, 1747; .! ]•<■< , s, ,,t. 20, 1796. He had seen ser\ Ir ; ;;ii.', Apr. 23, 1775, andat Bunk : i... , i ,i ; -n tion of Ger- rish's re^t., of wiiicii li.; h.is .hJi., to the scene of battle in seasun to du good service. He served with marked ability throughout the war ; accomp. Arnold to Quebec, and was made pris- oner in the attack on that citadel ; was con- spicuous at the capture of Stony Point, where he led a column of attack, and at Yorktown, where he com. the 2d Va. regt. From 1789 until his death, he was treas. of Pa. Peehter (fek'ter), Charles, actor, b. Loudon, 1823. His father was a German, his mother English. He was educated in France, anil became a sculptor ; but, being drawn to the stage, made hisrf^ufat the Salle Molicre ; ap- peared at Berlin in 1846, and Oct. 27, 1S60, at the Princess Theatre, London, as Ruy Bias ; Mar. 19, 1861, he appeared as Hamlet; Jan. 1, 1863, he leased the Lyceum, London, and opened as Lagadere, in "The Duke's Motto." He made his Atncrican d ! : ! n- articles on Spiritualism, in lli' /." '"■i ' " "/ m in 1857- 8, proceeded from his pi n. He delivered 3 courses of lectures before the Lowell Institute, Boston, on the history and literature of Greece, and was a contrib. to the New Amer. Cyclop. Member of the Board of Education, a regent of the Smithsonian Institution, and member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. Fendall, Josias, gov. of Md. 1656-60. Ordered in 1655, by Gov. Stone, to seize the public stores at Patuxent, Capt. Fendall was made a prisoner. Mar. 29, in the fight which ensued, and, having afterward raised another insurrection, was, as a reward for his supposed services to the Proprietary Govt., app. gov. July 10, 1656. Having turned against his pa- tron, be was superseded Dec. 1660, was tned in Feb. 1661, and sentenced to be banished, but, on his humble petition to the gov. and council, was pardoned, and moderately fined. In July, 1681, he was fined heavily, and ban- ished, for seditious practices. — Chalmers ; Bozman. Fennell, James, actor and author, b. London, 1766; d. Pliila. June 14,1816. He quitted the study of law for the stage, appear- ing in 1787 at the Edinb. Theatre as Othello, always his favorite part. He afterward played at York, and in 1789 at Covent Garden ; next wrote for the Tlwatrkal Guardian, and in 1791 pub. "Lindcl and Clara, or a Trip to Gibraltar," a comedy. He lived a while in Paris, ostentatiously, but in 1792 engaged with Wi;;ncll of Phila. Performed in many thea- tres, and, possessing a handsome figure and considerable talent, was the idol of the play- goers, but ruined himself by dissipation, and in 1602 was imprisoned for debt. About 180-t he retired from the stage, and established salt- works on an original plan, near New London, Ct., — a niinous enterprise. In 1806 he com- menced a starring tour. At one time, he kept an acad. in Charlestown, Bis. His other works are "The Wheel of Truth," "Picture of Paris," and "An Apology for My Life," 2 vols. 1814. " His Othelio, Zanga, and Glen- alvon, were fine pieces of acting, and generally his villains appeared very natural." His fea- tures were very expressive, and wonderfully under his command. — Rces ; Clapp. Fenner, Akthuh, gov. of R.I. 1789- 1805, b. Providence, 1745; d. there Oct. 15, 1805. His ancestors were among the earliest inhabitants of Providence. Previously to his election as gov., he was clerk of the Superior Court. Fenner, James, LL.D. (B.U.), politician, b. Providence, 1771 ; d. there April 17, 1846. Brown U. 1789. Son of the preceding. U.S. senator 1805-7; gov. 1807-11, 1824-31, and ■ ■ "844-5. Fenouillet (feh-noo'-ya'), Emile de, Hyeres, France ; d. Quebee, June iTcmics, and . , . J _ nt. Super-'' '? ^ 1843; M.C. / 30, 1859. He studied law; was a writer for the Paris press; came to Quebec in Oct. 1854, and edited the Journal de Quebec, and was prof. of history and literature at the Laval Normal School. He was the contrib. of able arliclcs to the Journal de I'liistruetion PuUique, — ilorqan. Fenton, BecbenE., politician, b. Canoll, / ■■)- Chautauque Co., N.Y., July 1,1819. Educated n^ , ,• Field, David DuDLin. 1 :i 11 ! I nn, Ct., Feb. 13, 1805. Will- ^ i-_i \un.. to the bar in 1828, he coniuiMi.r.l pum,,, in N.Y., where he has been consjiicuiius liir more than 40 years. In 1839, he pub. his first essay on law reform, followed by others in 1842, '44, '46, and '47. App. by the legisl. a commissioner on practice and pleadings, he took a leading part in preparing the code of procedure. In 1857, Mr. Field was app. by the legisl. of N.Y. at the head of a new com- mission to prepare a political code, a penal code, and a civil code, designed to contain the whole body of the law. Author of many political pam])hlets, and took a deep interest in the great questions of the day, and, in the late war, was active with voice, pen, and purse in aid of his country. Field, Henky Martyn, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1862), clergyman and journalist, bro. of the preceding, b. Stockbridge, Ms., Apr. 3, 1822. Wms. Coll. 1838. He became pastor of a church, Apr. 11, 1843, at St. Louis; re- signed in 1847, and travelled in Europe. Re- turning to America in the autumn of 1848, ho pub. an historical sketch of the Italian revolu- 323 xnnsr tioiis, and a letter from Rome on the " Good and tlie Bad in the Roman-Catholic Church." He pub. a book on tlie Irisli rebellion of 1798, entitled " The Irish Confederates," 12rao, 1851. In Jan. 18.il, he settled at West Spring- field, Ms., whence, in Nov. 18.i4, he removed to New York to become one of the editors of tlio Evangelist. In 1858, he again visited Europe, and pub. " Summer Pictures from Copenhagen to Venice," N.Y., 1859; "Hist, of the Atlantic Telegraph." Field, JosKPii M., actor and dramatist, b. Eng. ; d .M"lnV, A!a , J, in .30, 1856. Possess- ing lino lit : :> t ■ ! 1 :iri|uisitions, he was anornaiiKi; i :i ; -^mn, bcingoneof the best coinnli 111, i umr. As a dramatist, several excellent local piucos, iln' N. ~i .,1 wljicli is " Tlie Tourist." As " !>tr,n\, " ul ihr A /r- Oileans Pi<:a Oct. 1, 1808; d. Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 1, 1862. Though of Quaker descent, he was long known as an ardent and extreme defender of slavery, and for years advocated with his pen the secession of the Southern States. In 1850, he established, with this avowed object, the Soulhern Press, In Wash- ington. — Ap/iteton. Fisher, John Charlton, LL.D., Cana- dian journalist; d. Sept, 1849, on board the steamer " Sarah Sands," whilst returning from Eng. After founding and editing the A', y. Albion, he went to Quebec In 1 823 to conduct the Official Gazette, but in 1831 was directed to suspend his political articles, as they were not In accordance with the views of the dominant party in Eng. ; and his paper was reduced to a mere official sheet. He then edited the Quebec Merciin/ some years, and in 1841 started the Consm-atlve, a weekly jour- nal. Pres. of the Quebec Literary and Hist. Society, and a man of high literary attain- ments. — ilorqan. Fisher, John Dix, M.D. (H.U. 1825), eminent as an instructor of the blind; d. Mar. 3, 18.50, a. 53. Brown U. 1820. He visited Europe, informed himself concerning the methods of instructing the blind, rendered efficient assistance in the organization and subsequent management of the Perkins Insti- tution for the Blind at Boston, and was also a visiting physician to the Ms. Gen. Hospital. Author of " Description of the Small Pox, Varioloid," &c., 4to, Boston, 1834, 13 col. Fisher, Jonathan, minister of Blue Hill, Me., from July 13, 1796, to his d., Sept. 22, 1847; b. New Braintree, Ms., Oct. 17, 1768. U.U. 1792. Licensed to preach, Oct. 1, 1793. A severe Calvinist. His whole life was a " prc- constructcd, fore-ordained system," orderly, methodical, and precise. His own industry and thrift were emulated by his people, who were remarkable also for morality and good principles. He was a good farmer, labored in the buildins of his own house, made his own clock, painted portraits, was a prolilic poet, and engraved on wood, with his pen- knife, most of the animals mentioned in Scripture, and pub. them, with a description, in a book. He sometimes walked to Bangor, 70 miles, and home again. He was a good linguist, and compiled a Hebrew lexicon. Fisher, Joshda, M.D., physician, b. Dedham, Ms., May, 1749; d. Beverlv, Ms., Mar. 21, 1833. H.U. 1766. Surgeon of a private armed ship in 1775; was captured, escaped to France, and afterwards settled in practice at Beverly. A zealous student of natural history, he bequeathed 820,000 to H.U. to found a professorship of that science. Pres. Ms. Med. Soc. He pub. a " Discourse sinnmg •s Med. pub. a brief memoir of him. — Williams'i Bio,. Fisher, Mtles, lawyer of Phila. ; d. 1819, a. 71. Member of the Society of Friends. A man of science, and an eloquent orator. He pub. an " Answer to Paine's Age of Reason." Fisher, Redwood, statistician, b. Phila., 1783; d. tnere May 17, 1856. Some years a merchant of Phila., but removed to N.Y., edited a daily newspaper, and took an active part in public affiiirs. He pub. several vols. on "Political Economy," and possessed great information on statistical subjects. Fisher, Thomas, poet and scientific writer, b. Phila., Jan. 21, 1801 ; d. there Feb. 12, 1856. He entered upon commercial pursuits ; was an active member of the Acad, of Nat. Sciences; pub. a " Dial of the Seasons," 1835; " Mathe- matics Simplified and Made Attractive," 18.53; and, in 1850, "Song of the Sea-Shells, and other Poems." — .Simpson. Fisher, William Mark, painter, b. Bos- ton, 15 Dec. 1841. Studied first with George Innes; in 1864 at Paris, in the Life School and in the atelier of Gleyre ; again, in 1S67, studied from Nature in the environs of Paris, painting many genre pictures, also landscape and cattle. Is a conscientious student, and wields a vigorous pencil. Fisk, Fidelia, missionary to Persia, 1843-58; d. Shelburne, Ms., 9 Aug. 1864. She had been a teacher, and pub. " Memorial of Mount Holyoke Seminary," " Woman and her Saviour in Persia," and at the time of her d. was eng.iged upon " Reminiscences of Mary Lyon." risk, James, a Democ. politician, b. ab. 1762; d. Swanton, Vt., Dec. 1, 1844. Self educated. He studied law, rose to eminence in the profession ; was M.C. from 1805 to 1809, and from 1811 to 1815: was app. judge of the Territory of Ind. in 1812, but declined the office; in 1815 and 1816 was one of the judges of the Supreme Court of Vt. ; U.S. in 1S17 and 1818; and subsequently, during 8 years, was collecior of customs in the Dist. of Vt. Fisk, James, Jun., financier, Opera-BouflTe and Erie manager, b. Pownal, Vt , April 1, 1835. At the age of 18 he " managed " a ped- dler's wagon in the New-Eng. towns, and was afterwards a clerk, and then partner, in the Boston dry-goods house of Jordan, Marsh, & Co. In N.Y. his rise has been rapid and brilliant. In 1863, he purchased the old Ston- ington line of steamers, and in Aug. 1868 placed on the route between Boston and NY. tbe magnificent Bristol line. In Oct. 1867, he was re-elected director of the Erie Railroad Co. In 1868, he bought Pike's Opera House, N.Y. ; purchased Bateman's interest in Opera Bouffe ; and erected a thea re on 24th St., near 5th Av. Col. 9th N.Y.S.M. Assass. Jan. 6, 1872. Fiske, John, capt. in the Revol. marine, b. Salem, Ms., Apr. 10, 1744; d. there Sept. 28, 1797. Son of Rev. Samuel of the First Church, Salem. He was in 1775 a master mariner, and was capt. of " The Tyrannicide," tlie first war-vessel commis. by the State of Ms., July 8, 1776. In her he made many successful cruises, and fought many sangui- nary conflicts. Dec. 10, 1777, he look com. of the State ship " Massachusetts," a larger and better vessel. He acquired fame and for- tune; after the war, engaged in commerce, and was made maj.-gen. of militia in 1702. Fisk, Nathan, D.D, (H U it'i-.m, .l.vine, b. Weston, Ms., Sept. 20, 17 i; : d. Xnv, i>4, 1799. H.U. 17.54. Ord. pa-t.,r .J.l Chuuli in Brookfield, May 28, 1758. lie was a ciitical and learned scholar, though not a popular preacher. lie wrote a number of essays for the ^fs. Spt/, under the title of " The Worces- ter Speculator," also of " A Neighbor," and in the Ms. Mai/azine under that of " The General Observer," also for the Philanlhiopist in 20 Nos. His other works are " Sermon on the Settlement and Growth of Brookfield," 1775; "Oration on the Capture of Corn- wallis," 1781; " Dudleian Lecture," 1796; "A Volume of Sermons," 8vo, 1794; and tho " Moral Monitor," 1801. — £://o(. Fiske, Nathan AVilby, prof, of intel- lectual and moral philos. in Amh. Coll., Ms., b. Weston, Ms., Apr. 17, 1798; d. Jerusalem, May 27, 1847. DC. 1817. He had charge of an acad. at New Castle for one year ; served as tutor in DC. for two vears; studied at the And. Theol. .Sem., and in 1823-4 spent a winter in Savannah in missionary labors. Popular as a preacher. He was oflfered the professorship of mathematics and natural philosophy in Mid. Coll., Vt., which he de- clined, but in 1824 accepted the professorship of languages in Amh. Coll., from which ha was in 1836 transferred to the chair of philos. He pub. a " Manual of Classical Literature," from the German of Esclicnburg, with addi- tions, 3d edition, 1841; "Young Peter's Tour around the Worid," 16mo, N. Y. ; " Story of Aleck," &c., 18mo, Boston. Fiskj Pliny, missionarv, b. Shelburne, Ms., June 24, 179) ; d. Beirodt, Svria, Oct. 23, 1825. Mid. Coll. 1814. He studied theology at Andover, and sailed as a missionary to Pal- 327 FIT estine, Nov. 3, 1819. At Smyrna, lie studied the Eastern languages; and in 1821 he went to Egypt, and thence across the deserts to Judaea[ studying and preaching till he died. During his last illness, he was engaged in com- pleting an English and Arabic dieiionarv. — See All-in Bond's Life of P. Fisk, I2mo, 1828. Fisk, Rev. S.4MCEL, cltrgvman, .inthor, and soldier ; d. Frederieksln 1 1 _ ! V,i , m'' u > „nuls atthobattleoftheVViM.niM , .J,1^G4. Amh. Coll. 1848. Aiiih i : - iiom Europe," written for the .V. - /, i (,-(in, signed "Dunn Browne." h\ Isol, he was pastor of a church at Madison, Ct., but entered the army ; fought bravely in several battles ; was for some time a prisoner at Richmond, and at his death held the rank of capt. Fisk, WiLBUK, D.D. (Aug. Coll. 1829), Methodist minister and educator, b. Brattle- boro', Vt., Aug. 31, 1792; d. Middletown, Ct.,Feb. 22, 1839. Brown U. 1815. Toenable himself to defray the cost of his coll. course, he became private tutor in Col. Ridgeley's family, near Bait. He studied law, hut entered the ministry in 1818, and became eminent, not- withstanding ill health. He labored 2 years in Craflsbury, Vt. In 1819, he was app. to Charlestown,Ms. Deleg. to the gen. conference in 1824, and chosen to write the address to the British conference. Principal of the Wesleyan Acad, at Wilbraham, Ms., 1826-31. Deleg. to the gen. conference of 1828, and elected bishop of the Canada conf., but declined. At the gen. conf. of 1832, his appeals in behalf of Indian missions resulted in the organization of the Oregon mission. He was instrumental in founding Williamstown Acad., and from 1830 until his death was pres. of the U. of Middle- town, Ct. In search of health, he passed the winter of 1835 in Italy, and the summer of 1836 in Eng. Elected bishop in 1836, but declined. He pub. " Notes of Travels in Eu- rope," 1 vol.Svo, illustrated, and some sermons and addresses. His Life and Writings have been pub. by Rev. Dr. Holdieh, 8vo, 1842, N.Y. Fitch, Ebenezer, D.D. (H.U. 1800), pres. Wnis. Coll. Aug. 1793-May, 1815. De- scended Irom James, minister of iSaybrook and of Norwich, Ct. ; b. Norwich, Ct., 26 Sept. 1756; d. W. Bloomfield, N.Y., 21 Mar. 1833. Y.C. 1777. Tutor there, 1780-3 and 1786-91, and principal of the Williamstown school from Oct. 1791 until its erection as a coll. Ord. 17 June, 1795; pastor of the Presb. Church of BloomHeld, N.Y., Nov. 29, 1815-Nov. 25, 1827. Fitch, Elijau, clergyman and poet, b. 1745 ; d. Hopkinton, Ms., Dec. 16, 1788. Y.C. 1 765. He received the honorary degree of A.M. from H.U. in 1770, and from 1771 to 1788 was minister of Hopkinton. He wrote " The Beauties of Religion, a Poem addressed to Youth," in 5 books, and a short poem entitled "The Choice," Providence, 1789. Fitch, J.\MES, first minister of Norwich, Ct., b. Booking, Essex, Eng., Dec. 24, 1622; d. Lebanon, Nov. 18, 1702. After receiving an excellent classical education, he came to N.E. at the age of 16 ; spent seven years under the instruction of Hooker and Stone; was pastor at Saybrook in 1646-60; and subse- quently of Norwich. He preached to the Moliegans in their own language, and gave them some of his land to induce ihem to culti- vate. He wrote " The First Principles of the Doctrine of Christ," Boston, 1679, and some sermons. — Hist. Mag., v., 217. Fitch, John, inventor, builder of the first steamboat in America, b. E. Windsor, Ct , Jan. 21,1743; d. Bardstown, Ky., July 2, 1798. He had a common school education; followed various pursuits in his youth, and, having married unhappily, left what property he had to his wife and children, and sought a separate fortune. During the Revol., he was an armorer in the service, afterward a sutler, and as a silversmith, and manufacturer of silver and brass sleeve-buttons at Trenton, N.J., had amassed considerable Continental money. He was next a surveyor in Va., and, while exploring Ohio early in 1782, was taken by Indians, but returned to his home in Bucks Co., Pa., at the close of the year. During his Western explorations, in which he prepared, engraved on copper, and printed on a press of his own manufacture, a map of the N. W. coun- try, he conceived the idea that the great West- ern rivers might be navigated by steam. In 1788, he applied for a patent for the application of steam to navigation, he having constructed a boat that could be propelled 8 miles an hour. July 27, 1786, his successful experiment led to the formation of a company in Phila., and the building of a small m mm pn 1,. r. \, inh con- veyed passengers until i: iiijpany failed. In 1793,he tiii i| ; i inojects in France without succr--, \\,.- liim , l„ mg un- propitious. He afterward went to Ky. to as- certain the condition of his Western property, which he found overrun with squatters, and lio encouragement for his steam-projects. He left in a sealed envelope, opened in 1823, a detailed history of his adventures in the steamboat en- terprise, inscribed " To my children and to future generations," with a journal and other papers, from which an interesting biography was prepared by Thompson Westcott, and pub, in Pbila. in 18C7. A Memoir, by C. Whittlesey, is in Sparks's "Am. Biog." Fitch, Thomas, gov. of Ct. from 1754 to 1766, b. Ct., 1699; d. July 18, 1774. Y. Coll. 1721. He devoted himself to the law, and filled successively, with unsurpassed integrity and wisdom, the offices of counsellor, judge of the Superior Court, clif. justice, 1750-4, lieut.- gov., and gov. In 1 765, he took the oath of office prescribed in the Stamp Act, and was driven into retirement, in consequence, the next year. Fitz, Henry, telescope-maker, b. Newbury- port, Ms., 1808; d. N.Y. City, Nov. 6, 1863. At first a printer ; afterward, for many years, a locksmith. In 1835, he made a reflecting tele- scope, and, in the winter of 1844, invented a method of perfecting object-glasses for refract- ing telescopes, making the first one of the bottom of an ordinary tumbler. The fair of the Amer. Institute in 1845 brought his in- struments into notice ; and he afterward devot- ed himself exclusively and successfully to their manuf., succeeding in making an instrument of 16-iuch aperture. The delicacy of bis inven- tion was such as to detect the change in form 328 by expansion of an olyect-glass, effected by passing tlie finger over it on a frosty night. He died just as he was abont to go to Europe to select a glass for a 24-inch telescope, and to procure patents for a camera, involving a new Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, b. Oct. 15, 1763; d. June 4,1798. Entering the army, he became, in 1779, aide-de-camp to Lord Raw- don ; greatly disting. himself on several occa- sions, and was severely wounded at Eutaw Springs. In 1788, he was at Halifax with the 54th regt., and travelled through the U.S. to N. Ork-.iiis. In 1792, he m. the beautiful and acoomplishod Pamela, the^ro»/^e and supposed dau. of Madame de Gcnhs. VVhile in Ameri- ca, he had imbibed republican ideas, and, being in Paris during the French Revol., publicly re- nounced his title in 1792. and was dismissed the army. Returning to Dublin, he connect- ed himself in 1796 with the revol. organ- ization known as the United Irishmen, and was killed while resisting the officers sent to take him. ritzhugh, Andrew, capt. U.S.N., b. Va., 1795 ; d. Fairfax Co., Va., Oct. 2, 1850. Mid- shipman, June 8, 1811 ; lieut. April 21, 1816; master, Feb. 9, 18-37 ; capt. Feb. 14, 1843. Fitzhugh, William, member Old Con- gress liom Va., 1779-80 ; d. 1809, a. 83. Fitzpatriek, Benjamix, lawyer .and poli- tician, b. Green Co., Ga., Juno 30, 1802; d. Antauga Co., Ala., Nov. 25, 1869. Left an orphan, he emig. in 1815 to the valley of the Ala. River, near Montgomery, where he after- Ward resided. He received as good an educa- tion as new countries generally afford ; studied law, and was adm. to practice in 1821 ; was solicitor of the judicial dist. in which he lived, until, in 1829, his health compelled him to re- linquish his profession, and settle upon a farm. Gov. of Ala. from 1841 to 1845 ; U.S. senator in 1848-9 and 1853-61, and took an active part in the Rebellion. He seldom engaged in de- bate, was a man of cool judgment and agree- able manners, and was often called to the chair of the senate as president /ho tein. Fitzpatriek, John Bernard, D. D. (H. U. 1861), R.C. bishop of Boston, b. there Nov. 1812; d. Feb. 13, 1866. He was educat- ed at the Boston schools, a coll. at Montreal, and the Sulpician Coll., Paris. Ord. priest, he returned to Boston in 1840, was then pastor of St. John's Church, East Cambridge, became co-adjutor to Bishop Fenwick, March 24, 1844, and in 1846 succeeded him as bishop. He vis- ited Europe in 1854, and again in 1862. He ranked high as a scholar, and was a member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. Fitzsimmons, Thomas, statesman, b. Ireland, 1741 ; d. Phila., Aug. 1811. During the Revol., he com. a vol. company, and was an eminent merchant of Phila. His house (Geo. Meade & Co.) subscribed to supply the army, in 1780, £5,000. Many years a member of the State. Assembly ; a delegate to the Old Con- gress in 1782-3, and to the Federal Const. Conv. in 1787; M.C. 1789-95; pros, of the Phila. Chamber of Commerce, and of the N.A. Insurance Co. Flaget, Benedict Joseph, D.D., R.C. bishop of Louisville, Ky. ; consec. Nov. 4, 1810 ; d. 1850. Flagg, Edmund, journalist and author, b. Wiscasset, Me., Nov. 24, 1815. Bowd. Coll. 1835. After teaching at Louisville, where ha was a contrib. to Prentice's Louisville Journal, he travelled in 1836 over the prairies of III. and Mo., the results of which were pub. in 1838, entitled " The Far West." He was adm. to the bar in 1837, and commenced practice in Mo. ; edited the St. Louis Daibj Commercial Bulletin, 1838 ; next assoc. himself with Pren- tice in the Louisville Literarij Neu-s-Letter, and in the sjjring of 1840 began to practise law with S. S. Prentiss at Vicksburg, Mpi. In 1842, he conducted l\\a Gazette, at Marietta, O., and wrote two novels, " Carrero " and " Fran- cis of Valois." In 1844-5, he conducted the 5/. Louis Eveninrj Gazette, and for several years was reporter of the county courts, publishing, in the mean time, the novels, " The Howard Queen," " Blanche of Artois," and several dramas. In 1848, he accomp. E. A. Hannegan, minister to Berlin, as sec, and travelled over Eng., Germany, and France. In 1850-1, he was consul at Venice, and, returning in Nov. 1851, took charge of a Democ. paper at N. Or- leans. In 1852, he pub. " Venice, the City of the Sea," and a third vol., entitled "North Italy since 1849." In 1854, he contrib. sketches on the West to " The U.S. Illustrated," by Mayer, N.Y. He has since been chief clerk of a com- mercial bureau in the dept. of State, Wash- ington. In 1856-7, as chief of statistics, he prepared "A Report on the Commercial Rela- tions of the U.S. with Foreign Nations." He has pi-ep.ared for publication an historical novel, "The Last of the Military Templars." Flagg, George W., artist, b. N. Haven, Ct., June 26. 1816. Passing his boyhood in Charleston, S.C, he had the instruction of his uncle, Allston, and excited ailmiration by bi.s juvenile portrait of Bishop England. A picture of the " Murder of the Princes," from Richard III., procured him the support of Lu- man Read, through whose aid he made a three- years' visit to Europe, since which he has passed many years in Loud. Among his pictures are the '" Mouse-Boy," " Match-Girl," " Young Greek," " Jacob and Rachel at the Well," "Landing of the Pilgrims," "Landing of the Atlantic Cable," " Good Samaritan," "Scarlet Letter," and " Columbus and the Egg." — Tuck-erman. Flanders, Benjamin Franklin, b. Bris- tol, N.H., Jan. 26, 1816. Dartm. Coll. 1842. He went to N. Orleans in Jan. 1843, read law, and taught there ; edited the Tropic ab. a year ; sec. and trca.s. of the N.O.and Opclousas R.R. Co. from 1852 to Jan. 1862, when forced to flee North on account nf his Unionism ; re- turned on its capture; city treas. in 1862; M.C. 1863-7, and gov. of La. 1867-8. — ^ium- ni Dartm. Coll. Flanders, Henrt, author, b. Plainfield, N.H. ; has pub. " Treatise on Maritime Law," 8vo, 1852; "Treatise of the Law of Ship- ping," 8vo, 1853 ; " Lives and Times of the Chief Justices of the U.S.," 2 vols. 8vo, 185.5-8 ; " Memoirs of Cumberland," 8vo, 1856 ; " The Principles of Insurance," &c. (in press 1871). 329 FLI Fleet, Thomas, printer, b. Shropshire, Eng., 8 Sept. 1685 ; d. Boston, July 21, 1758. He was a printer in Bristol, came to Boston in 1712, and soon after established himself in " Pudding Lane," now Devonshire Street. He was the putative father of the celebrated "Mother Goose's Melodies." In 17.33, he be- came proprietor and pub. of the Weekly Re- hearsal, newspaper ; which name was in 1735 changed to the Boston Eoening Post. It was conducted by liijn and his two sons, Tiio.mas and John, who succeeded him till Apr. 24, 1775, when it was discontinued. Ann Fleet, dau. of John, d. Boston, July 30, 1860, a. 89. Thomas d. Boston, Mar. 6, l"797, a. 65. ; John d. Boston, Mar. 18, 1806, a. 71. The first ed. of Hutchinson's " Hist, of Ms." was pub. at their press. From 1779 to 1801, they pub. Fleet's " Annual Register." Fleming, Col. Thomas, Revol. soldier; d. Aug. 1776. He com. the troops from Botetourt Co., Va., in the battle of Point Pleas- ant with the Indians, and was thrice wounded. Col. 9th Va. rcgt. in the Revol., app. March 2, 1776. Fleming, William, of Cumberland, Va., statesman, b. 1734 ; d. Feb. 1824. Wra. and Mary Coll. Member of the House of Burgesses, and of the Va. conventions, in 1775-6; mem- ber of the committee on Independence in that of May, 1776 ; judge of the General Court, and presidin^c judge of the Court of Appeals ; member of the Old Congress, 1779-81. Fletcher, Richard, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1846), lawyer, b. Cavendish, Vt., Jan. 8, 1788; d. Boston, June 21, 1869. Dartm. Coll. 1805. lie studied law with Daniel Webster; was adra. to the bar in 1809, and was settled aC Salisbury until 1825, when he removed to Boston, taking high rank at the bar. He was leading counsel for the War- ren Brid:;e proprietors in their famous case with the Charles River Bridge Co. He was often opposed by Webster and Mason, of whom he was a worthy antagonist, and was emi- nent in all branches of legal practice. Mem- ber of the Ms. legisl. ; M.C. 1837-9; judge of the Ms. Supreme Court, 1848-53. He be- queathed $100,000 to Dartm. Coll. Fletcher, William A., jurist, b. Ms. ; d. Ann Arbor, Mich., ab. 1855. He settled in Mich. ab. 1820; was many years a successful lawyer in Detroit; was at one time atty.-gen. of the territory ; in 1835, on the adoption of the first State Constitution, was app. chief jus- tice of the Sup. Court, and, retiring from the bench in 1842, resumed practice. He prepared the " Revised Statutes " of Mich., pnb. in 1838. Fleury, Lonis, Chevalierand Viscount de, a lieut.-col. in the Revol. army; d. a Hold- marshal in France. A descendant of the emi- nent cardinal, and educated as an engineer; became a ranj. in the rcgt. Ronergite, and, coming to Ainer., otfered his services to Washington, who gave him a captain's commission. For his gallantry at fort Mifflin, on the Del., and at the battle of Brandywine, he received from Congress the present of a horse, and was pro- moted to lieut.-col. Nov. 26, 1777. In the win- ter of 1777-8, he was sub-inspector under Steu- ben. Adj.-gen. of Lee's division, June 4, 1778. In July, 1778, he was second in com. of a light inf. corps in the R. I. exped., and afterward com. a batt. of light inf. under Washington. At the storm of Stony Point, in July, 1779, ha com. the van of the right column, was the first to enter the British works, and struck the British standard with his own hand. For his share in this brilliant exploit, Fleury received the thanks of Congress and a silver medal. When Rochambeau arrived in 1780, Fleury left the Amer. service, and became an officer under him, soon afterward returning to France. Flint, Abel, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1818), min- ister of tlve second church in Harllord, b. Windham, Aug. 6, 1765; d. Mar. 7,1825. Y.C. 1785. TutorB.U. 1786-90. Ord. Apr. 20, 1791. He pub. " Geometry and Trisjo- nometry, with a treatise on Surveying," 1806, and a iranslation of some of the sermons of Massillon and Bourdaloue. Flint, Austin, M.D. (H U. 1833), physi- cian, b. Petersham, Ms., 1812. Educated at Amh. and llarv. Colleges. After practising successively in Boston and Northampton, he removed in 1836 to Buffalo; in 1844 became prof, of the institutes and practice of medicine in the Rush Med. Coll. at Chicago ; resigned 1845, and- from 1846 to 18.56 edited the Buf- falo Med. Journal. In 1847, ho was one of the founders of the Buffalo Med. Coll., and was 6 1856, he filled the chair of ihe theory anil prac- tice of medicine in theU. of Louisville, Ky., and then took the chair of pathology and clinical medicine at Buffalo. From 1858 to 1861, he spent the winters in N. Orleans as prof, of clinical medicine in the raed. school, and visit- ing physician to the charity hospital. Remov- ing to N.Y. in 1859, he was in 1861 made prof. of the principles and practice of medicine in the Bellevue Coll. hospital, and of pathology and practical medicine in the L. I. Coll. hos- pital, and visiting physician to Bellevue. He has pub. clinical reports on " Continued Fe- ver," 1852 ; " Chronic Pleurisy," 1853 ; " Dys- entery," 1853; "Physical Exploration and > of Diseases affecting the Re? piratory Organs," 1856; and "Practical Trea Diseases of the Heart," 1859. His essays on " The Variation of Pitch and Percussion and Respiratory Sounds," and on the " Clinical Study of the Heart-Sounds in Health and Disease," received the first prizes of the Amer. Med. Assoc, in 1852 and 1859. Flint, Austin, son of the preceding, b. Northampton, Ms., 1836. Jeff. Med. Coll. 1857. Became prof, of physiologv, U. of BuiTiilo, 1858, and afterward in the L. L Coll. hospital. His essay on " The E.Kcretory Func- tion of the Liver" received from the French in- stitute a prize of 1,500 francs. Contrib. to the Amer. Jour, of Med. Science, &c. Author of " Physiology of Man," 4 vols. 8vo. Flint, Charles Lewis, sec. of the Ms. Board of Agriculture since its organization in 1852, b. Middleton, Ms., 8 Mav, 1824. H.U. 1849. Thomas, his ancestor, probably from Wales, came over ab. 1640, and settled in Salem Village. Charles L. was brought upon his father's farm, and by his own exertions FLI 130 I'he AL.M-iculture of Massachusetts, ' 1, 1853-4; "Grasses and Forai^e 357; ■■Milcli Cows anJ D.iiiy 18.-,' .Ill .vr,l..,i II:i, )!,',■■ lii,eets acquired a colleyiiito education. He then studied law, but, having beeoine known by his conti-ibs. to aijric. papers, was induced to accept the position he has so long filled with disting. ability. Besides agric. reports, he is author of 2 vols. S Plants," Fanning, Injurious to \' i , . i . :i i . o. B. Emerson, " -M i . . \ ii a text- book for sclioi.l-. — < / '.' '/. ,..!"'/ Flint, Hen-ry, tutorof llarv. Coll. 170.5-54, b. ]Jorchester, 1675; d. FeS. !.■), 1760. H.U. 1693. Son of Josiah of D. App. Fellow of H.U. 1700. A vol. of 20 sermons by him was pub. 8vo, l~39.— Allen. riint, Henry M., writer, d. Camden, N.J , Uce. 12, 1868. He wrote for the N.Y. World, over tii'e signature of " Druid ; " also a " Life of Stephen A. Douglas," " Mexico under Maximilian," and " The History and Stali?*ics of the Railroads of the U.S." Flint, Jacob, minister of Cohasset, b. Reading, Ms., Aug. 7, 1768 ; d. Oct. 11, 1835. H.U. 1794. Ord. June 10, 1798. He pub. a history of Cohasset in Ms. Hist. Colls., 2 dis- courses on the history of Cohasset, 1821. Flint, JOSHOA Barker, M.O. (H U. 1825), an eminent surgeon, prof., and author, b. Co- hasset, Ms., Oct. 13. 1801 ; d. Louisville, Kv., Mar. 19, 1864. H.U. 1820. Son of Rev. Jacob. He practised in Boston in 1825-37; was prof, of surgery in the Louisville Med. Inst. 1837-49; and from 1849 to his d. filled the same chair in the Ky. School of Medicine at Louisville. Several years a member of the Ms. loglsl. Authorof" Practice of Medicine," 8vo, 2.1 ed., 1868. Flint, MiCAH P., poet, son of Timothy, b. Lunenburg, Ms., ab. 1807; d. 18.30. He studied law, and was adm. to the bar at Alex- andria, M|)i. Inl826, he pub. at Boston "The Hunter and other Poems." He was a frequent contrlb. to the Western Review. Flint, Rev. Timothy, author, b. Reading, Ms.. July 11, 1730; d. Salem, Aug. 16, 1840. H.U. 1800. From Nov. 30, 1802, to June 19, 1814, he was a Cong, minister at Lunenburg, Ms. ; went as a missionary to the Mpi. Valley in Sept. 1815, and was subsequently employed as a farmer and teacher at Cincinnati, and on the banks of the Red River, in La. In 1825, he returned to Ms., broken in health and for- tune ; but the change of climate soon restored the former, and he turned to literature to repair the latter. In 18.33, he want to N.Y., and edited a few numbers of the Knickerbocker magazine. In 1834, he removed to Cincinnati, where, in 1827-30, he edited the Western Re- view. He afterward resided in Alexandria, Va., and in La., but returned to N.E. May 1, 1840, in ill health. He pub. "History and Geography of the Mississippi Valley," 2 vols., 1828; "Francis Berrian," 1826; "George Mason, or the Young Backwoodsman," 1829 ; "Arthur Clenning," 1828; " Shoshoneo Val- ley," 2 vols., 1830; "Indian Wars in the AVest," 1833; "Lectures on Nat. History, Geology, Chemistry, and the Arts," 1833; " Memoir of Daniel Boone," 1834 ; " Recol- lections of the last 10 Years in the Valley of the Mississippi," 1826. He contrih. to the Land. Alhenceum, in 1835, a series of papers on American literature. He translated Droz's " L'Art d'Etre Heureux," and " Celibacy Van- quished." Flores, Gen. Vejjancio, pres. of Uruguay, assassinated in Montevideo, Feb. 22, 1868. A prominent military officer. In 1866, he headed a revol. which overthrew the govt, of Vidal, and became provis. pres. of the republic. Feb. 15, he resigned the office, and refused to become a candidate tor re-election. His son, and other ambitious young men, irritated at his persistent refusal, conspired for his assassination. Flournoy, Thomas S., b. Va. ; M. 0. 1847-9. Killed in battle in Va. in June, 1864, fighting for the Rebellion. Floy, James, D.D. (Wesl. U. 1847), clergyman and scholar, b. N.Y. City, Aug. 20, 1806; d. there Oct. 14, 1863. Dick Coll. 1841. He spent 3 years in Europe, im- proving his education, especially in botanical science, at the royal garden at ICew ; was adm. to the N.Y. Methodist Conf in 1835, and filled several important offices in the church, beside conducting the National Mapazine, and a paper called Good News. He edited the works of Dr. Olin ; was one of the committee of the Bible Society which prepared its standard edition of the Bible, and was a leader of the aniislavery party of his chnrch. Author of "Guide to the Orchard and Fruit Garden," Floyd, John, statesman, b. Jefferson Co., Va. ; d. Sweet Springs, Va., Aug. 16, 1837. Many years in the Va. legisl. ; M.C. 1817-29 ; gov. of Va. 1830-4. ^ Floyd, John, gen., b.BeaufOrt, S.C., Oct. 3, 1769; d. Camden Co., Ga., Juno 24, 1839. Son of Col. Charles, who was ruined pecunia- rily by the Tories of the Revol. They moved to Ga. in 1791, and by boat-building, near the mouth of the St. Ilia River, acquired wealth. Brig.-gen. of Ga. militia, Aug. 1813 to Mar. 1814; com. at the battle with the Creek Indians at Autossee, Ala., Nov. 29, 1813, in which he was severelv wounded, and in battle with the Creeks at Camp Defiance, Ala., Jan. 27, 1814. Often a member of the State legisl., and M.C. in 1827-9; maj.-gen. State militia. Floyd, John Bdchanan, politician, b. Montgomerv Co., Va., 1805; d. Abingdon, Va., Aug. 26, 1863. S. C. Coll. 1826. Son of Gov. John. Adm. to the bar in 1828 ; prac- tised law in Helena, Ark., in 1836-9; then settled in Washington Co., Va. ; member of the legisl. in 1847, '49, and '55 ; gov. of Va. 1850-3 ; exerted himself in the Cincinnati convention in support of James Buchanan for the presidency, and was his see. of war from 1857 to 1861. During the latter part of his administration, he secretly prepared the means, in munitions of war, to aid the plans of the se- cession leaders ; dispersed the army in the re- motest parts of the country, whence they could not be readily conveyed to the Atlantic coast, and transferred from' Northern to Southern ar- senals 113,000 muskets. Indicted by the grand jury of the Dist. of Columbia, as being privy to the abstraction of $870,000 in bonds from the 331 dcpf, of the- intrriir, in r'lr l:,tlcr part of 1860, ho left U';i.' I I '-■! '. '..:■ ■ '. ;!1l.' hrouu'lit to tri- al. Ill ivwinl ^.: I' ■-. I ■. ,i . , h. ilK'ConfeJcratos, en (ruin \\\r.t.in V a. Iiy dcii. Uosccrans in the autumn of 1 80 1 , anj defeated at Carnifcx Ferry, Sept. 10. He escaped from Fort Donclson tlie nijrlit lieforo its surrender, Feb. 16, 1862, and was officially censured by the Confed. Govt., and novcr a^'ain employed. rioyd, Gen. William, sisner of the I)rrlarali..ii of Independence, 1>. Suffolk Co., LI. I).. IT.irn; d. Oneida Co., N.Y., Aug. 4,1^-1 11 I :1.' 1 . NicdioU. left him a large esiii 1': « 11 Mil was slight ; but he was naiina;:. i n .u - nt, and of an elevated char- acter, lie took ;in early part in the Revol. ; was a member of the NY. committee of corrcs. ; a member of Congress in 1774-7, and from Oct. 1778 till its dissolution, serving as a mem- ber of the boards of admiralty and the treasury, and was a member of the State senate in 1777- 88. His family fled to Ct. while Long Island was in the hands of the British ; his house was occupied by them; and he was nearly 7 years an exile. He com. the Long Island injlitia, and di.-iplayed energy and daring in repelling the incursions of the enemy. M.C. 1789-91; member of the State Const. Convs. of 1801 and 1820. He purchased in 1784 a fiirm at Western, Oneida Co., N.Y., and moved liis family thither in 1803. Flusser, Charles W., lleut.-commandcr, U.iS.N., b Annapolis, Md., 18-33; killed near Piyniduth, N.C., in a naval engagement, Apr. 18, lf<64. In bis childhood, his parents removed toKy. Midshipm.July 19, 1847 ; liout. Sept. 16, 1855; lieut.-com. July 16, 1862; assist, prof, in the Naval Acad, in 1857-9, and, at the breaking-out of the Uebellion, took com. of the gunboat " Com. Perry," in which he took part in the ciigageraont at Roanoke Island, Feb. 7, 1862. Oct. 3, 1862, he aided in the shelling of Franklin, Va., and at the time of his death com. " The Miami " in Albemarle Sound. Two of bis liros., officers in the rebel army, were killed ill battle durin.g the war. Fobes, Peres, LL.D., clergyman, and prof, of nal. philos. in the Coll. of K. I., now Brown U., b. Bridgewater, Sept. 21, 1752 ; d. Feb. 23, 1812. H.U. 1762. Ord. at Raynham, Nov. 19, 1766. In 1786, he was elected to the pro- fessor.-ihip. He pub. a sermon on the death of Pre-idcnt Manning, 1791; " Election Sermon," 1795; and " Topog. Descript. of Eaynham," 1794 (Ms. Hist. Colls., iii.). Fogg, George Oilman, b. Meredith, N.H., May 26, 1815. Dartm. Coll. 1839. Began to practise law at Gilraanton, N.H., in 1842; edited the liidi-p. Democrat at Concord, 1846-61 ; sec. of State of N.H. in 1846; U.S. minister to Switzerland, 1861-5 ; U.S. senator, 1866-7. — £).C'. Alumni. Folger, Peleg, of Nantucket, b. Oct. 13, 1733 ; d. May 26, 1789. Was many years em- ployed in the fisheries. Some of bis verses are in Macy's "History of Nantucket," and are very creditable to his taste and ability. After- ward a fanner. Folger, Peter, " a pious and learned " man, b. Eng., 1617; d. Nantucket, 1690. At the age of 18, he came with his father John from Norwich, and settled at Martha's Vine- yard, where John d. 1660. He was among the first settlers of Nantucket in 1663, and was one of the 5 commissioners to lay out land, being well qualified by his knowledge of survcyini'. From 1673, he was clerk of the courts. Hisdau. Abiab was the mother of Benjamin Franklin. He wrote a variety of small pieces, one of which, pub. in 1675, is entitled "A Looking-Glass for the Times, or the Former Spirit of N E. re- vived in this Generation," reprinted in 1763. — Dua/lcinclc. Follen, Chas. Theo. Christian, LL.D., scholar, b. Eomrod, Hesse Darmstadt, Sept. 4, 1796; d. Jan. 13, 1840. U. of Cci^.scn, 1818. Whileat the univci-it^, 1:. V,,,. i.od for his liberal sentiments, ami i: 1 ', A' to sx muon, or Biii-schensc/iaji. I >[ . i i! , ; ■to adefence. He also wrote plin -nnu, \iiihli, with others by his brother August, were pub. at Jena in 1819; and was one of the authors of " The Great Song," which was considered seditious. In the winter of 1818-19, ho deliv- ered at Jena a course of lectures on the Pan- dects of Justinian. Suspected by the Prussian Govt, of privity totheassassinatio'n of Kotzebue, he was arrested, examined, and liberated, but quitted Germany. Political surveillance fol- lowing him to France, Strasbourg, and Basle, where he was for some time prof, of civil and cedes, law, he came to N.Y., Dec. 19, 1824. He soon mastered the English language, and, by the instrumentality of Mr. Duponccau and Prof. Ticknor of Harvard U., was app. German teacher in that institution in Dec. 1825, and, in 1830, prof. He lectured on civil law in Boston, where, in Sept. 1826, he opened a gymnasium. Ho m. Eliza Lee Cabot in 1828, aiid in that year was app. teacher of ecclcs. hist, and ethics in the Divinity School, and admitted to the ministry. lie resigned this position in 1830, lectured in Boston on moral philos. in 18.30, and on Schil cr in 1832. Quitting his profes- sorship at CriJi!! I-' i:i 1 :.i,'i, he (lovotcd him- II I II 1. iiiul clerical labors, I . I- ; i,iorofaUnita.ian I, I i.;:iiii. .\I.. In Dec. 1839, Ocrnian literature in N.Y., and, returning in " The Lexington," lost his life by the burning of that steamer on L. I. Sound. Dr. F. was an earnest adherent of the anti- slavery movement. He pub. "Psychology," an " Essay on Reliition and the Church," 1836 ; " German Reader," and a German versification of the Gospel of St. John, 12mo; "German Grammar," 1828, and was a frequent contrib. to the reviews. An edition of his works, with a Memoir by his widow, was pub. in 1842 in Follen, Eliza Lee, wife of the preced- ing ; b. Boston, Aug. 15, 1787 ; d. Brookline, Ms., Jan. 26,1860. Dau. of Samuel Cabot of Boston ; and m. Dr. Follen in 1828. After the death of her husband, she educated their only son, whom, with other pupils, she fitted for H.U. She edited from 1843 to 18.50 the "Child's Friend," pub. " Selections from Fe'nc- lon," and an entertaining book for children, " The Well-spent Hour." She was an inti- . mate friend of W. E. Channing, and a zealous and in Ma \ , church in 1^ he lectured o 332 antislavery woman. In 1829, she edited the "Christian Teacher's Manual." In 1835, she wrote the " Sceptic," for tlio " Sunday Li- brary." In the winter of 1838-9, she pub. " Married Life," " Little Songs," and a vol. of poems, and in 1841 her Memoir of Dr. Fol- len, as the Krst vol. of his collected works. In 1857 she pub. " Twilight Stories," and in 1-859 " Second Scries of Little Songs," and a com- pilation of " Home Dramas." Folsom, George, LL.D. (Vt. U. 1860), historian, b. Kennebunk, Me., Mav 23, 1802; d. Home, Italy, Mar. 27, 1869. II.U. 1822. He studied law, but, devoting himself to his- torical studies, pub. in 1830 a hist, of Saeo and Biddoford, Me., and about 1837 removed to N.Y. City, and became an active member and librarian of the Hist. Society. In 1841, ho edited a vol. of its colls. ; afterward trans- lated the Despatches of Hernando Curtcz ; in 1843 pub. "The Political Condition of Mexico;" and, in 1858, "Documents rel. to Early Ili.st. of Maine." Member of the State senate in 1844-8 ; diarg€-d'affaires to the Neth- erlands, 1850-4. His lecture, on the Discovery of Maine, to the N.Y. Hist. Soc., was pub. in the 2d vol. of its colls. Before this soc. he also delivered lectures on the Northmen, 1838 ; Barre. Prcs. of the Amer. Ethnol. Society. Folsom, Nathaniel, gen., b. E.xeter, N.ll., 1726; d. there May 26, 1790. Ho was son of Jonathan Folsom. Com. a company at Fort Edward, 1755; disting. himself in the action with Dieskau ; com. a regt. of mili- tia before theRcvol. ; as brig.-gen. of the N.H. forces, he served during the siege of Boston, until relieved by Sullivan in July, 1775. Member of the Cont. Congress, 1774-5 and 1777-80; couTieillor, 1778; and pros, of the convention which framed the Constitution of N.H. in 1783. — ///s(. Gilnmnton. Folsom, Nathaniel S.mith, clergyman, b. Portsmouth, N.H., Mar. 12, 1806. Dartm. Coll. 1828; And. Sem. 1831. Old. at Brad- ford, Ms., Sept. 26, 1831 ; missionarj^ to Lib- ertv Co., Ga., in 1831-2; preached in Cleve- land, 0., in 1832-3; jirof. of Lane Sem. 1833; prof, of biblical lit.. West. Reserve Coll., Ohio, Sept. 1833 to 1836; pastor of the Cong, church, Francestown,N.H., from Oct. 12, 1836, to Aug. 21, 1838; of a church at Providence,- R I., irom Sept. 6, 1838, to 1840 ; and of a Unit. Cong, church at Haverhill, Ms., from Nov. 7, 1840, to 1847; resided at Charlestown, and edited the Christmn Register from 1847 to 1849; prof, of literature and biblical interpre- tation at Mcadville Coll., Pa., from Sept. 1849 to 1861. He pub. an address on Temperance in 1839; "A Critical and Hist. Interpretation of the Pro|ihec-ies of Daniel," 1842 ; and con- trihs. to reviews and magazines. Poote, Andrew Hull, rear-adm. U.S N. Son of Gov. S. A. Foote ; b. N. Haven, Ct., Sept. 12, 1806;- d. N.Y. City, June 26, 1863. Acting midshipman in 1822, he made his first cruise in the schooner " Grampus," sent in 1823 to chastise the W. Indian pirates. Lieut. May 27, 1830; commander, Dec. 19, 1852. He was flag-lieut. in 1833 of the Medit. squad. ; and in 1838, as 1st lieut. of the "John Ad- ams," Com. Read, circumnavigated the globe, and took part in an attack on the pirates of Sumatra. While stationed at the naval asy- lum in 1841-3, he prevailed upon many of the inmates to give up ihiir spirit-niiions, being one of the first to introduce the principle of to- tal abstinence from iniii.xicating drinks in the navy, and continued this effort in " The Cum- berland " in 1843-5, besides delivering every Sunday an extemporaneous sermon to the crew. In 1849-52, in com. of the brig "Perry," he was on the African coast, successfully engaged in suppressing the slave-trade. He pub. in 1854 "Africa and the American Flag." He com. in 1856 the sloop "Portsmouth," on the China station. Arriving at Canton just before the commencement of hostilities between the English and Chinese, he exerted himself in protecting American property, and having been, while thus engaged, fired upon by the barrier forts, received permission irom Com. Armstrong to demand an apology for this in- dignity. This being refused, he attacked the forts, 4 in number, witii the " Portsmouth " and " Levant ; " breached the largest, and, with 280 sailors, landed, and carried it by storm. The remaining forts were successively carried, with a total loss of 40 to the attacking party. The works were of granite, with walls 7 Icet thick, mounting 176 guns, and garrisoned by 5,000 men, of whom 400 were killeil ami wounded. In July, 1861, he became capt., and in Sept. flag-officer, of the flotilla titting out in the West- ern waters. Feb. 4, 1862, he sailed from Cairo with 7 gunboats, 4 of them iron-clads, to at- tack Fort Henry on the Tenn. River. With- out awaiting the co-operation of Gen. Grant, he attacked the fort at noon of the 6th, and in 2 hours compelled its surrender. On the 14th, he attacked Fort Donclson ; but the fleet was obliged to haul off just as the enemy's water batteries had been silenced, two of the gun- boats having become unmanageable. Foote was severely wounded in the ankle by a frag- ment of a 64-lb. shot. Though on crutches, he proceeded down the Mpi. with his fleet, and a number of mortar-boats, to besiege Island No. 10. Alter its rednetiofi, Apr. 7, he returned to N. Haven. Regaining his health, he was made chief of the bureau of equipment and recruit- ing. July 31, 1862, he was app. rearadm. on the active list. On Admiral Uupont's being relieved from his com. of the S. A. blockade squad.. May, 1863, Adni. Foote was app. to succeed him. Foote, Henry Stcart, statesman, b. Fauquier Co., Va., Sept. 20, 1800. Washing- ton Coll. 1819. Licensed to practise law in 1822; removed in 1824 to Tuseumbia, Ala., where he edited a Democ. newspaper, and in 1826 established himself at Jackson, Mpi. He was a U.S. senator in 1847-52, taking an active part in favor of the compromise measures; was elected gov. over Jeff. Davis in 1852; removed to Cal. in 1854 ; settled at Vieksburg, Mpi., in 1858 ; and in May, 1859, at the Southern conv. at Kno.xville, Tenn., spoke against disunion. He was a member of the rebel Congress, and in 1866 pub. a "History of the Secession Struggle." Author of " Texas and the Tex- nns," 2 vols. I2mi, 1841. Ho hns been en- ^'.ngcii in .3 duels, in 2 of which he was slightly woiuidcil. Foote, Joseph Ives, D.D. (Wash. Coll. 1840), 1). Watcrtown, Ct., Nov. 17, 1796; d. April 21, 1840. Un. Coll. 1821; And. Som. 1824. From Oct. 1826 to 1832, he was pastor of a Cong, societv in West Brookfield ; in Salina in 1833-5; and Cortland, N. Y., 18.35- 7, and in May, 1839, of the church in Knox- lievieio: a vol. of his sermons w.as pub. with a Memoir, 8vo, N.Y., 1841. He pub. also an historic;il disconrse on the history of Brook- iicld, 1828. Foote, S.\MnEL AnousTus, LL.D. (Y. C. 1834), Uemoc. politician, b. Cheshire, Ct., Nov. 8, 1780; d. there Sept. 15, 1846. Y.C. 1797. Son of Rev. John. He engaged in mercantile pursuits at New Haven ; was often a member, and twice speaker, of the house; M.C. 1819- 21, and again in 1823-5; U.S. senator from 1827 to 1833, and in 1834-5 was gov. of the State. He it was, who on the floor of Con- gress, in 1830, offered the resolutions " on the public lands " which occasioned the great de- bate between Hayne and Webster. Father of Admiral And. H. Foote. Foot, Solomon, lawyer and senator, b. Cornwall, Vt., Nov. 19, 1802; d. Washington, March 28, 1866. Mid. Coll. 1826. Principal of Castleton Sem. in 1826 and 1828; tutor in Vt. U. in 1827; prof, of nat. pbilos. in the Vt. Acad, of Medicine, at Castleton, 1828-31 ; adm. to the bar in 1831, and settled at Rut- land ; member of the Vt. legisl. in 1833, 1836- 8, and 1847; speaker in 1837-8 and 1847; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1836; State atty. for Rutland, 1836-42 ; M.C. 1843- 7, and U.S. senator from 1850 to his death. President pro tern, of the senate during a part of the 36th and the whole of the 37 th Congress. He made many elaborate speeches in the sen- ate, and was conspicuous in ihc great Lecomp- ton debate of 1858. In 1854-5, as pres. of the Brunswick and Florida R. R. Co., he visited Eng., negotiated its bonds, and purchased the iron for the road. Foote, William Henry, D.D. (Ham. Sid. Coll. 1847), clergyman and historian, b. Col- chester, Ct., Dec. 20, 1794; d. Romney, Va., Nov. 28, 1869. Y. C. 1816. He was tutor in a familv in Falmouth, Va., until July, 1818; by the presbytery of Winchester in Oct. 1819, he preached in various places in Va., and was pastor at Woodstock from June, 1822, to Nov. 1824; and of Mount Bethel, Springfield, and Romney, from 1824 to 1838, and from 1845 to 1861. In the interval, he was agent of the " Central Board of Missions," and prepared " Sketches, Historical and Biographical, of the Presb. Church in Va." (2 vols., 1850-5), and in " N. Carolina," 1 vol., 1846. He also conduct- ed an aoad. while at Woodstock and at Rom- ney. During the war, he was a^jent for Hamp. Sid. Coll. in Lower Va., supplied vacant pul- pits, and was chaplain at Petersburg during the siege. — Ob. Record, Yale Coll., 1870. Forbes, Cordon, a British gen., b. 1738 ; d. Ham, Middlesex Co., Jan. 17,1828. En- sign 33d Foot, 1756; capt. 72d, 1762; served at Havana and in La.; major, 9 Nov. 1776; served in Burgoyne's exped., in which he was twice wounded; lieut.-eol. Sept. 1781 ; served in the E. Indies; col. 1785; maj.-gen. 1794; com. of the forces at St. Domingo, 1798-1800; lieut.-gen. 1801 ; gen. 1812. Forbes, John, a British general, b. Pe- tincrief, Fifcshire, Scotland, 1710; d. Phila., March 11, 1759. Having exchanged the med- ical lor the military profession, he was advanced to the rank of lieut.-eol. of the Scotch Greys in 1745. In the German war, he was on the staff of Lord Stair, Gens. Ligonier and Camp- bell ; was app. col. 71st Foot ; acted as quanermastcr-gen. of the armv under the Duke of Cumberland; and Dee. 28, 1757, was app. brig.-gen. in America. Nov. 25, 1758, with an army of 8,000 men. he took possession of the abandoned works of Fort Du Quesne, which he called Pittsburg, in compliment to the prime-minister ; and subsequently concluded treaties with the Indian tribes on the Ohio. — Stuart's Sketches. Force, Peter, historian, b. Passaic Falls, N.J., 26 Nov. 1790 ; d. Washington, 23 Jan. 1868. Wm. his father, a Revol. soldier, re- moved in 1793 to N.Y.City,where Peterlearned the printer's trade, and was in 1812 pres. of the Typog- Soc. In Nov. 1815, be removed to Washington, where he pub the National Calen- dar in 1 820-36 ; estab. in 1 823 the National Jour- nal in support of Mr. Adams ; was some years city councilman and alderman ; mayor in 1836- 40, and rose by successive steps to maj.-gcn. of militia in 1860; first vice-pres., afterwards pres., of the National Institute at W. His great work, " American Archives," 9 vols, of which documents illustrating the hist, of the Rcvol. He prepared a 10th vol., still unpub. He also pub. " Grinnell Land," 1852; "Record of Auroral Phenomena," 1856, and 4 vols, of rare Amer. Tracts. His large and valuable coll. of books, MSS., &c., relating to Amer. hist., now forms a part of the Congressional Library. His son, Manning Ferguson (H.U. 1845), was a brig.-gen. in the war for the Union, app. 11 Aug. 1863 ; brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for disting. services. Ford, Gabriel H., jurist, b. Morristown, N.J., 1764 ; d. there Aug. 27, 1849. N.J. Coll. 1 784. He studied law ; was adm. to practise in May, 1789 ; was app. pres. judge of the C.C.P. for the Eastern Dist. of the State, and from Nov. 1820 to 1840 was justice of the Supreme Court. His family residence was the head- quarters of Washington in 1777. Ford, Seabdrt, lawyer and politician, b. Pomfret, Ct., Oct 15, l'801 ; d. Burton, O., May 8, 1855. Y.C. 1825. He practised law in Burton ; was often a member, and once speaker, of each branch of tlii; State legisl. Gov. of Ohio 1848-50, and maj.-gen. of militia. Ford, TnoMAS, gov. of III. 1842-6; d. Peoria, III., Jan. 1851. In 1804, while a child, his parents emig. to 111. He practised law successfully, and was a judge of the Supreme 334 FOR Court. Author of a " Ilist. of III. from 1818 to 1847," 12mo, 1854. Foresti, E. Felice, LL.D. (U. of Bo- lo,L;n;i), Italian patriot and scholar; d. Genoa, 14 Sept. IS.'JS. A lawyer at Ferrara. App., in ISIR, prtetor of Crospino; arresied 7 Jan. 1819, being one of the Carbonari ; unprisoncd at Spiclber}; till Aug. 18.'i6, when he was per- mitteil to come to Amer. Piof of Italian in Col. Coll., N.Y., and a popular teacher more than 20 years. App. in 1858 U.S. consul at Geneva. Ab. 1856, ho pub. in the Watchman and Crusader an autobiog. sketch, entitled "20 Years in the Dungeons of Austria." Forman, Ges. D.wid, Revol. patriot, b. near Englishtown, N.J. ; d. ab. 1812. He com. tlie N.J. militia at Germantown ; after- ward judge of a county court, and member of the council of State. Forney, John Weiss, journalist, b. Lan- caster, Pa., Sept. 30, 1817. In 1833, he was apprenticed in the office of the Lancaster Jour- tial, in 1837 became editor and joint proprietor of the Intellif/encer, and in 1840 united the two papers. In 1845, he went to Pliila., where he long edited the Peimsi/lmnian, a leading Dcnioc. journal. In 1851-5, he was clerk of the U. S. house of representatives; meantime editing the Union, a Democ. paper at Wash- ington, which he resigned in 1856. Aug. 1, 1S57, he began the Press, an independent jour- nal ; ardcntlj' espoused the opinions of Mr. Douglas, and, on the Lecompton Constitution of Kansas, took an attitude of determined op- position to the administration of Huchanan, and was again made clerk to the 36th Congress. During the civil war, he powerfully supported the Federal Govt. Since 1861, he "has pub., in addition to the Press, a weekly paper in Wash- ington, the Chronicle: it began to appear daily in Oct. 1862. See. U.S. senate, 1861-8.j*l| ^. n ni tlie land and naval forces. Wlieu \:i .. (.ilnl, he was ]urt at iho head of the navv d \ .i. , ...in. at the Norfolk navy-yard, was 'alienvanl com. of the James River squad., and then acting as- sist, sec. of the Confed. navy. Forrest, Gen. Uriah, Revol. officer, b. St. Mary's Co., Md., 1756; d. near Georgetown, D.C., July, 1805. He attained the rank of lieut.-col. in the Md. line, and received a wound at Gernuintown, from the elfccis of which he never recovered. App. auditor of Md., mem- ber of the Old Congress, 17SG-7 ; often a member of both branches of the State Icgisl. ; a maj-gen. of militia; M.C. 1793-5, and iu his death was clerk of the Circuit Court of D.C. Forry, Samuel, M.D., a physician and medical writer, b. Berlin, Pa., June 23, 1811 ; d. Nov. 8, 1844. U. of Pa. IS.",,-,. He was lOyears in the U, S. amn a- a i I .,ii_..ai war ; afterward pra'i I A .n \ \ i !! -n- trib. many articles to naa jniirnai-, ..i i/maird and conducted for two years the A > . Jnarnal of Medicine, ami in 1844 received from H.U. the Boylston prize for the best essay on the protecting power of vaccine. He pub. " Cli- mate of the U.S., and its Endemic Influences," &e., 8vo, N.Y., 1842; "Meteorology," N.Y., 1843. Forsyth, Benjamin, col. U.S.A.; killed June 28, 1814, in an affair at Odeltown, N.Y., with a superior force of British and Indians. App. for N.C., Apr. 24, lieut. of inf , he be- came capt. of riflemen, July 1, 1808; com. in victorious assault on Gananoquc, U.C, Sept. 21, 1812; maj. Jan. 20, 1813; com. in capture of a British guard, at Elizabethtown, U.C, Feb. 7, 1813, for which brev. lieut.-col. Feb. G, 1813 ; disting. in the capture of Fort George, U.C, May 27, 1813.— Gardner. Forsyth, John, statesman, b. Fredericks- burg, Va., Oct. 22, 1780 ; d. Washington, D.C, Oct. 21, 1841. N. J. Coll. 1799. While he was quite young, his father, a native of Eng., but a soldier of the Revol., removed his family to S.C, and afterward to Augusta, Ga. John studied law. and from 1802" to 1808 disting. himself at the Ga. bar; app. alty.-gen. of the State in 1808; M, C. 1813-18 and 1823-7; US. senator, 181S-19, and 1829-.i7 ; gov. 1827-9; minister to Spain, lji|',i-.'2 ; US. sec. of State, 1835-41. While ,S|,,ni.li min- ister, he conducted the ne.gotiatiMii- wlni h ^ave Florida to the U.S. Delegate to [he aiili-tar- iff convention at Milledgeville in 1832, but withdrew from it on the ground that it did not fairly represent the people of Ga. He opposeil moR 835 nuHificaUon in S.C. from its beginning; voted in lavoi- of Clay's compromise ait of 1833; supported Pres. Jackson in tlie debate in 1834, on the removal of the deposits from the U.S. Bank ; was a disting. orator, and possessed great elegance and dignity of manner. rorward, Walter, lawyer and statesman, b. Ct., 1786 ; d. Pittsburg, Nov. 24, 1852. In 1803, lie removed to ritisljuig, where he studied law, and in 1805 Lr, mi. ili.. .■ ],!.,r i>( a Uemoe. newspaper, tlie /' / ll^; commenced tlie practice i.; ' i : , I , hm-; M. C. in 1822-5. Inlhi.-|M. ;. ,i- ,1 r!, , :inns of 1824 and 1828, hesnpp.»tr,i J. (J. A.l.uns, and was thenceforward idciitilied with the Whig party. He took an aitivc part in the convention to revise the conslitiiiiuii of Pa. in 1337 ; in Mar. 1841, he was app. first compt. of the treasury ; was sec. of that dept. in 1841-3; was in 1849-52 charge-d' affaires to Denmark, and was afterwards pres. judge of the Uist. Court of Alleghany Co. His report on the Tariff, in 1842, was pronounced an able document. rosdick, William Whiteman, poet, b. Cincinnati, Jan. 28, 1825; d. there, March 8, 1862. Transylvania U. 1845. His mother, Julia Drake, was an actress of merit. After studying law, he began practice in Covington, Ky., and shortly after settled in Cincinnati. His first dramatic effort was " Tecum.seh." He travelled in Mexico in 1847-9, and there wrote the novel " Malmiztic the Toltec, and the Cavaliers of the Cross," pub. 1851. From 1851 to 1858, he practised in N.Y., where, in 1855, he pub. " Ariel and other Poems." He was a frequent contrih. of verse upon festive occasions, and edited the Sketch Club, an illustrated paper, supported by the artists of Cincinnati. — Ports and Poet nj of the West. Foster, Abiel, b. Andover, Ms., Aug. 8, 1735; d. Canterbury, N.H., Feb. 6, 1806. H.U. 1756. Pastor of the Cong, church in Canter- bury from Jan. 21, 1761, to 1779. He was in 1780 a representative in the State legisl.; in 1783 and '84, a delegate totheCont. Congress ; was app., under the new constitution of the State, in 1784, a judge of the C.C.P. for Rock- ingham Co., of which court he became chief- justice; was M.C. 1789-91 ; in 1791 was a delegate to revise the State constitution, as well as a representative to the Gen. Court, to which he was re-elected in 1792; in 1793 and '94 was pres. of the State senate ; and was again M.C. in 1795-1803. Foster, Benjamin, D. D. (B.U. 1792), Baptist clergyman, b. Danvers, Ms., June 12, 1750; d. N. Y. City, Aug. 26, 1798. Y. C. 1774. Ord. minister of the Baptist church at Leicester, Ms., Oct. 23, 1776; was " Jan. Newport; and from the autumn of 1788, till his death, was minister of the First Baptist Church in New York. During the prevalence of yellow-fever, in 1798, he was active in the discharge of his duties, and fell a victim to the disease. He pub. " The Washing of Re- generation," " Primitive Baptism Defended," and " A Dissertation on the 70 Weeks of Daniel." , Ms., Foster.Dwir.iiT, jurist, b. Brookficld Dec. 7, 1757 ; d. there Apr. 29, 1823. Brown U. 1774. Son of Judge Jedediah. Practised law at Brookfield ; was county sheriff and judge of Common Pleas; was some time a member of the house and senate of Ms. ; M.C. 179-i-9; U.S. senator, 1800-3; chief justice C.C.P., and a member of the exec, council. On the death of his father, he was chosen to Can Best. Foster, Hvnnui, d, Mn Dau. of (irant Wihstcr Foster, D. D. (H. U. 1815), minister of Brighton, Ms., from. Nov. 1, 1784, to Oct. 31, 1827. D.C. 1783; b. Warren, Ms., Apr. 19, 1763; d. Brighton, Sept. 15, 1829. She was author of " Eliza Wharton, the Coquette," — a story founded on fact. An edition, with a Preface by Mrs. Jane E. Locke, was pub. in 1855. Author also of "Lessons of a Pre- ceptress," Boston, 1798. Foster, Jedediah, judge, b. Andover, Oct. 10, 1726; d. Oct. 17, 1779. H.U. 1744. Ho engaged in the practice of law in Brook- field ; was a delegate to the Worcester Co. convention, Aug. i774, and to the Prov. Con- gress, 1774-5, where he was active and infiuential," his name appearing on most of the important committees. Elected a councillor in 1774, he was negatived by Gov. Gage, but was re-elected in 1775. App. a judge of the Superior Court in 1776; he was also sometime a judge of probate, and a justice of the C.C.P., Worcester Co.; member of the conv. which framed the const, of Ms. Foster, John G., brev. raaj.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.H., 1823. West Point, 1846. He in- herited military tastes from his father, who commanded the Nashua artillery. Entering the engineer corps, he was brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, and capt. for Molino del Rey, Sept. 8, 1847, where he was one of the party that lously pt. July .-col. 7 Ma stormed the Mexican works, and was s wounded ; was assist, prof, of i West Point, 1855-7 ; became 1860 ; major. Mar. 13, 1863 ; lie 1867. April 28, 1858, he took charge of the fortifications in N. and S. Carolina, where he remained till 1861. One of the garrison of Fort Sumter ; after its surrender, tie was em- ployed on the fortifications of N.Y. Made brig. -gen. of vols. Oct. 23, 1861, he com. a brigade in the exped. to N.C. under Gen. Burn- side, and took a leading part in the capture of Roanoke Island, Feb. 8, 1862, and of Newbern, March 14, of which place he was made gov. July 18: he was promoted to be a maj.-gen. of vols., and when, in July, Gen. Buniside joined the Army of the .Potomac, Gen. Foster became com. of that dept. and of the 18th corps. He was disting. at South-west Creek, Kinston, White Hall, and Goldsborough. In Dec. 1862, he was besieged in Newbern by a large reliel force under Gen. Hill, but held the post suc- .cessfuUy. July 16, 1863, he was app. to com. the dept. of Va. and N.C, with headquarters at Fortress Monroe. He subsequently com. the dept. of the Ohio, from which he was relieved Jan. 28, 1864, at his own request, on 336 account of wounds ; the dcpt. of the South, 2fi May, 1864, to II Feb. 186fi, and that of Florida, 7 Aug. 1S65, to 5 Dec. 1866. Brev. lioiit.-col. for capture of Roanoke Island ; col. for capture of Newbern ; bri;;.-n;en. for services in capture of Savannah, and maj.-p;en. for ser- vices in the field during the Rebellion. — Foster, Laf.\yette S.\bine, LL.D., law- yer and senator, h. Franklin, Ct., Nov. 22, 1S06. Brown U. 1828. A lineal descendant of Miles Standish. Came to the bar in 18-31 ; member Ct. assemh. 1839-tO, '46-8, and '54; speaker, 1847-8 and '54 ; mayor of Norwich, 1854-5 ; U.S. senator, 1855-67 ; pres. pro tern. of that body, 1866-7, and acting vice-pres. U.S. Poster, Randolph S., D.D., Methodist clergvman, b. Williamsbury, O., Feb. 22, 1820. Educated at Augusta Coll., Ky. Entered the ministry at the ageof 17 ; was received into the Ohio conference, and app. to the mountain re- gion of Western Va. While stationed at Cin- cinnati in 1848, he wrote a series of letters, en- titled "Objections to Calvinism." In 1853, he received the honorarv degree of D.D. from the Ohio Wcsl. U. In"l854, he pub. a work, " Clirisiian Purity," and in 1855 " Ministry for the Times." In '1856, he was elected pres. of the North-western U. at Evanston, 111. Poster, Stephen, pres. of the Coll. of E. Tenn., b. Andover, Ms., Feb. 15, 1798; d. Kno.'iville, Tenn.,Junell, 18.35. Dartm. Coll. 1821 ; And. Sem. 1824. Ord. Oct. 1824 ; set- tled in Greenville, Tenn., and afterward in Knoxville, and was first prof, of Latin and Greek, then pres. of the coll. tliere. Poster, Stephen C, song-writer and musi- iposer, b. Pittsburg, Fa., July 4, 1826; of instruments, and studied the art thoroughly. He early gained reputation by his compositions for the negro melodists; and his " Old Uncle Ned," " O Susannah !" " Nelly was a Lady," " Camptown Races," &c., are world-renowned. He received 515,000 for his "Old Folks at Home." His later compositions were of a more refined and sentimental cast. Among them are " Willie, we have Missed You," " Come where my Love lies Dreaming," " Old Dog Tray," " Ella is an Angel," &c. His ballads have been translated into many languages, and pub. with his music. His best compositions have been collected into a vol. since his death. Poster, Stephen Symonds, a noted advo- cate of the abolition of slavery, b. Canterbury, N.H.,Nov. 17, 1809. Dartm. Coll. 1838. He studied theology, but devoted him-telf wholly for vears to the antislavery cause. He m. Abby Kelly, a kindred spirit, Dec. 21, 1845, and lives on a farm at Worcester, Ms. Author of " The Brotherhood of Thieves, a True Picture of the American Church and Clergy," and some arti- cles for periodicals. Poster, William S., col. U.S.A., b. N.H. ; d. Baton Hougc, La., Nov. 26, 1839. App. lieut. of inf. March, 1812 ; capt. March, 1813 ; brev. major " for gallant conduct in the de- fence of Fort Erie,'^' Aug. 15, 1814 ; major 4th Inf. July 7, 1826; lieut.-col. June 8, 18-!6; brev. col. " for disting. service in Florida, and particularly in the battle of Okeechobee," Dec. 25, 1837. — Gardner. Powle, Daniel, printer, b. Charlestown, Ms. ; d. Portsmouth, N.H., June, 1737, a. 72. He was an apprentice with Samuel Kneeland ; commenced business in Boston in 1740. From 1742 to '50, he was partner with Gamaliel Rog- ers, and, in 1748-50, joint publisher of the In- dependent Advertiser. In 1743-6, they pub. the American Magazine, and were the first in America to print the New Testament. In 1755, he was arrested, by order of the house of representatives, on suspicion of having print- ed a pamphlet, entitled " The Monster of Monsters," severely animadverting on some of the members. Released in a few days, ho left Boston in disgust, went to Portsmouth, N.H., and Oct. 7, 1756, commenced the publication of the N. II. Gazelle. Powie, William Bentlet, teacher, and author of school te.\t-l)Ooks, b. Boston, Oct. 17, 1795; d. Feb. 6, 186.5. His mother was the sister of Dr. Wm. Bentley, the eminent schol- ar of Salem. He was apprenticed to the book- seller Caleb Bingham, and after his death car- ried on the business until 1821, when he com- menced teaching. In 1842, he began to pub. the Common School Journal, and was its etlitor in 1848-52; member of the Ms. Icgisl. 1843. For list of his pubs, and memoir, see N. E. Hist, and Gen. Beg, Apr. 1869. ' Powler, Okin, clergyman and M.C., b. Lebanon, Ct., July 29, 1791 ; d. Washington, D.C., Sept. 3, 1852. Y. Coll. 1815. Son of Capt. Amos F., a Revol. soldier. He studied theology under Dr. Dwight, performed an ex- ten-ive missionary tour in the valley of the Mpi., and in 1819 settled as pastor in I'lain- field, Ct. He was twenty years a pastor in Fall River, which he represented in both branch- es of the State legist, for several vears, and w.is M.C. from 1848 until his deatli. He replied ably to Mr. Webster's speech of March 7, 1850, and was a decided opponent of intemperance and slaverv. He pub. " A Treatise on Bap- tism," 1835 ; " Hist. Sketch of Fall River," 1841. — iV. E. Hist, and Gen. Reg., vii., 131. Powler, Orson Squire, phrenologist, b. Cohoeton, N.Y., Oct. 11, 1809. Amh. Coll. 1834. He supported himself at college by saw- ing wood for his fellow-students, and by teach- ing during vacations. Turning his attention lo |iIiivii.i1mj\ . Iir -moi] 1 > LTan to Iccturc upou i : • r .1 in 1838, in connec- I. ' ! ', ihe Amer. Phrennl. ,/" ' ■ \in"ii : I.: ]iii iiHutions are"Memorv 1841 'Ph iology. Animal and Mental," 1842; " Jlatri- monv, or Phrenolosy applied to the Soleciion of Companions," 1842; " Self-Culture and Per- fection of Character," 1843; "Hereditarv De- scent," 1843; " Love and Parentage," 1844; "A Home for All. or the Gravel- Wall and Octagon Mode of Building," 1849. In connection with hii bro Lorenzo, he has written " Phrenology Proved, Illustrated, and Applied," 1836; and the " Self-Instructor in Phrenology and Phys- iology," 1849. He has leci ur.;d in almost every part of the U.S. and in Canada. — A/ipleton. Fowler, Wi lli am CuAnNCE y, LL. D. ( Laf. Coll. 1861), b. Clinton, Ct., 1 Sept. 1793. Y.C. 1816. Tutor in Y.C. 1819-23 ; prof, of rheto- ric and oratory In Mid. Coll. 1 1 years ; prof, of rhetoric, Amh. Coll., 5 years ; pastor at Greenfield, Ms.,_ 31 Aug. 1825 to 1827. De- scended from William of Milford, and m«ter- nally from Pres. Chas. Chauncey. Member Ms. leglsl. 1851, and of the Senate" of Ct. in 1864. Author of " The Sectional Controversy," 8vo, 1863; "Chauncey Memorial," 1858; "History of Durham," 1866, and of a series of (rrammars. Contrlb. to periodicals ; editor, in 1845, of the University edition of " Webster's Dictionary." — Bio;,. Shirhrs, C/nsso/- 181 6, Y.C. Fowles, Rev. Jame3 H , b. Nassau, New Providence, 1812; d. 1854. Y.C. 1831. Son of Lieut. Henry F. of the British army. Li- censed by the N.Y. presbytery In 1833; sub- sequently ordained by Bishop Bowen of S.C, and, after oflBciatini in several parishes In that State, settled In 1845 over the Church of the Epiphany, Phila. Author of " Prot. Epis. Views (if Baptism," &c., 1846; "30 Sermons," with a Memoir of the author, 8vo, 1855. Fox, Chakles James, lawver and author, b. Antrim, NIL, Oct. 11,1811 ;'d. Nashua, N.H., reb.17,1846. Dartm. Coll. 1831. Bccamelaw- partner with Hon. Daniel Abbot of Nashua in 1834; member of ihe N.H. lcj;isl. in 1837; county solicitor, 1835-44; one of a commis- sion to revise the N.H. statutes In 184-1-2; went to Ejrypt in 1843, and to the \Y. Indies in 1844 ; compiled, with Rev. Samuel Ossrood, " ThcN. H. Book of Prose and Poctrv," 1842 ; pub. " The Historv of Dunstable," 1846, and "The Town-Officer," 12mo, 1843. Fox, Rt. Hon. Henet Stephem, a British diplomatist; d. Oct. 13, 1846, at Wiishington, D.C. Son of Gen. Henry Fox, and nephew to thedlstinK- Charles James. The first minister- plenl|)o. of Great Britain to Buenos Ayres, he was transferred to Rio de Janeiro, and thence to the U.S. in 1836. He conducted the difficult negotiations growing out of the burning of the steamer " Caroline," the case of McLeod, &c., which he brought to a happy conclusion, pre- serving the friendly relations of the two coun- tries. Fox, Luke, an English navigator, b. ah. 1585 ; d. after 1635. A seaman from his youth, his thonghts were early turned towards tlie discovery of a north-west passage, which to the day of his death, and notwithstanding his ill success, he believed practicable. Having procureil from Charles I. a vessel, furnished with whatever was necessary to the enterprise, he left Deptford, May 5, 1631 ; arriving at Hudson's Bay June 22. During the e.xplo- rition of this bay, he discovered, July 27, an Island, which he named " Sir Thomas Rowe's Welcome," and named the cape which bounded its northern extremity " Wostenholme's Ulti- ma Vale." Proceeding northward, he discov- ered and named various points .situated in the large island since known as " Cumberland Is- land ; " but, despairing of penetrating the Polar Sea by Hudson's Bay, he determined to return, and arrived in the Downs Oct. 21. He pub. the relation of his voyage, Lond., 1635, 4to, Foxcroft, TnOMAS, pastor of the First Church, Boston, from Nov. 20, 1717, to his d.. June 18, 1769; b. Cambridge, Ms., Feb. 26, 1697. H.U. 1714. Son of Hon. Francis of Cambridge. He was learned, devout, a strong reasoner, polite and elegant in manner, and universally admired. His writings, 32 in num- ber, evince clear perception, lively imagination, and sound judgment Among them are "Ob- servations, Hist, and Practical, on the Rise and Primitive State of N.E., a Century Sermon," Aug. 23, 1730. His son Samuel, 28 years minister of New Gloucester, Me., d. Mar. 2, 1807. H.U. 17.54. Prailey, Ja.mes Madisoj?, commodore U.S.N, b. Md., Mav 6, 1809. Midshipman, May 1, 1828; lieut. Sept. 8, 1841; command- er, 1861 ; capt. Feb. 6, 1866. Lieut. F. served in the naval battery before Vera Cruz ; com. the steamer " Quaker City," So. Atlantic block, squad., 1862-4, which was struck by a shell, and partly disabled, in attack by rebel rams off Charleston, Jan. 31, 1863; com. " Tusca- rora " in both attacks on Fort Fisher, and com. steam-sloop "Saranac,"N. Pacific squad., 1S67-8; commo. March 2, 1870; app. to com- mand League Island naval station, Apr. 30, 1870. Retired 6 May, 1871. Franchere, Gabkiel, h. Montreal, 1786. Author of " Travels in Oregon," 1st edition in French, 1819-20; translation, N.Y., 1854. — Allibone. Franeia, Jose Caspar Rodriguez, dic- tator of Paraguay, b. Asuncion, 1757; d. there 20 Sept. 1840. ills fiithcr was a French propri- etor, bis mother a Creole. He studied at the U. of Cordova, obtained the degree of LL.D., and acquired an extensive law-practice. App. in 1811 see. to the patriot junta, in 1813 consul with Ycgros as his colleague, and in 1814 dic- tator : tlie improved state of affairs under his management led the people, in 1817, to confer upon him despotic authority. His measures, though arbitrary and severe, were adapted to the condition aiid wants of the country. His most extraordinary measure was to close the country against all foreign intercourse. — See Carhilc in Ediub.Iieviem, 1843 ; Franeia' s Reicin of Terror, 1839, and Letters on S. Amer. 1843, by Robertson. Francis, Conveks, D.D. (HU. 1S37), clergyman and author, b. W. Cambridge, Ms., Nov. 9, 1795 ; d. Camb. April 7, 1863. H.U. 1815. He studied at the Camb. Div. School; was pastor of the Unitarian church. Water- town, from June 23, 1819, to 1842 ; and from 1842, to his death, was " Parkman Prof, of Pulpit Eloquence and the Pastoral Care in H.U." Brother of Mrs. Lydia Maria Child. He pub. "Errors of Education," a discourse. May, 1828; hist, sketch of Watertown, 1830; a discourse at Plymouth, Dec. 22, 1832; a Dudlcian Lccture'at Cambridge, 1833 ; Lives of Rev. John Eliot and Sebastian IJale in Sparks's "Am. Biography; " Memoir of Rev. John Allyn, 1836, of Dr. Gamaliel Bradford, 1846, and of Judge Davis, 1849, pub. in Ms. Hist. Colls., besides articles in religious peri- odicals. Francis, Ebenezer, col. nth Ms. regt. Revoi. army ; killed In battle of Hublmrdton, 7 July, 1777. Francis, John Bkown, politician, b. FRA. 338 FHA. Pliila., Mny 31, 1794 ; d. Warwick, R.I., Au";. 9,1864. Brown U. 1808. Losing his father in infancy, he was reared by his maternal grand- father, Nicholas Brown, one of the founders of Brown U. He acquired a mercantile edu- cation in the house of Brown & Ives of Provi- dence, and attended the Litchfield Law School. In 1821, he settled at Spring Green as an ag- riculturist. Member of the State legisl. in 1821-9; State senator in 1 831 ; gov. in 1833-8 ; State senator in 1842; U.S. senator, 1844-5; State senator again in 1849-56; trustee in Brown U. 1823 to 1857, and chancellor from M.D., 1854. Francis, John Wake LL.l). (Trin. Coll. 1850), j.hysician and au- thor, b. New York, Nov. 17, 1789 ; d. there Feb. .8, 1861. Col. Coll. 1811. M.D. of Col. of Phys. and Surgs. In his youth, he was cm- ^ ployed as a printer ; but in 1807 began to study medicine under Dr. Hosack, and was his partner till 1820. From 1810 to 1814, they pub. the Amer. ifed. and Plutos. Register, a quarterly. In 1813, he was lecturer on the institutes of raed. and materia medica at the Coll. of Phys. and Surgs.; soon after received the chair of materia medica from Col. Coll. ; visited Europe, where he was a pupil of Abcr- nethy ; became prof, of the institutes of med. on his return ; prof, of med. jurisprudence in 1817, also of obstetrics from 1819 to 1826, and for 4 years filled the chair of obstet- rics in tlie Rutgers Med. School. He after- ward devoted himself to practice and to lite- rary pursuits. In 1822-4, he was one of the editors of the Med. and P/ii/sical Journal. He actively promoted the objects of the N.Y. Hist. Society, the Woman's Hospital, the State Ine- briate Asylum, and the typographical guild. Author of biog. sketches of many of the dis- ting. men of his time, articles in medical peri- odicals, and pub. "Use of Mercury," 1811 ; " Cases of Morbid Anatomy," 1814 ;' " Febrile Contagion," 1816; " Notice of Thomas Ed- dv,' 1821 ; "Denman's Practice of Midwifery," 1825 ; " Letter on Cholera Asphyxia of 1832 ; " " Observations on the Mineral Waters of Avon,'' 1834; "The .VnntMmv of Ilrunken- ness;" "Old N.Y., n, i;, ,:..:^, ->,,.. of the past 60 Years," 1857 ; M ; i i i .li^topher Colles, in the A'niHcf . , i>.")5;and numerous discourses l.i.oio iuci.nv societies. He was one of the founders of the'N.Y. Hist. Society; was first pres. of the N.Y. Acad, of Med. in 1847, and a member of many scientific bodies at home and abroad. Of his son, John W.. )un., wlio d. .Lin. 20, 1855, a "Memorial " WM-; wMtirii hy H. T. Tuckcrman, N.Y., 1855. Frauciseb, IIi.nrt, b. France; d. near AVIiitcliall. X.Y., Nov. 1820, a. 134. He came to the US. about 1740, and served through the o;.l French and Revul wars. Present at the enniiiation of Queen Anne. Francisco, Peter, Revol. hero, sergeant- at-anii-, Va. II. of Delegates; d. Richmond, Va., J.in. 17, 18.TI. — See Garden's Anecdotes. , Frankland, Sir Charles Henrv, ban., b l!..'.ij:d, May 10, 1716; d. Bath, Eng., Jan. II, 1 7('i>;. His father was gov. of the E.I. Co.'s f.irtoiy at Bengal. A pp. collector of tlie port of Boston in 1741. Ho was at Lisbon, Nov. 1, 1755, the day of the great earthquake, and h said to have been rescued from the ruins which had buried him by Agnes Surriage, to whom he was shortly afterward married. In 1757, he was app. consul.-gen. at Lisbon, and re- signed his Boston office. He had bought a fine estate at Hopkinton, Ms., upon which Lady F. resided until the breaking-out of the Revol., when she went to Eng., where she d. Apr. 23, 1783. Holmes lias versified the story of Lady F. — See Memoir hi/ Ellas Nasou. Franklin, Benjamin, philosopher and statesman, b. Boston. 17 Jan. 1706 ; d. Phila., 17 Apr. 1790. Josiah, his father, u tallow- chandler and soap boiler, came I'rom Eng. in 1682. Mary, his mother, was dau. of Peter Folger, the Quaker poet of Nantucket. Ap- prenticed to his brother James, a printer, he made occasional contribs. to a newspaper pub. by him, but, not agreeing with him, clandes- tinely left home at 17, and established himself as a printer ill Phila. Deceived by the repre- sentations of Gov. Keith, he went to Eng., where he worked as a journeyman more than a year; returned in 1726, and in 1729 estab- li.shed himself in business in Phila ; became editor and pro])rietor of the Pa. Gazette; ra. Deborah Reed in 1730; commenced publish- ing, as " Richard Saunders," an almanac, com- monly called " Poor Richard's Almanac," which acquired a wide celebrity; and soon established for himself a high reputation for public spirit, as well as for w-isdom and fore- sight. He founded the Phila. Library in 1731, became clerk of the Gen. Assembly, 1736, postmaster of Phila. 1737, dep. postmaster- gen, of tlieBriti.sh Colonies, 1753, agent of the people in opposing ihe claim of the proprietary govs., of exemption from taxation in Eng., 1757-62, and received the thanks of the As- sembly for the able and successful performance of his mission. In 1752, he made, l>y means of a kite, the great discovery of tlie identity of lightning with the electric fluid. This pro- cured him the membership of the Royal Society, the Copley gold medal, and the degree of LL.D.in 1762 i'rom O.xford and Edinburgh. In 1755, lie furnished transportation for Brad- dock's exped. Commissioner in 1754 to the Albany Congress, he drew up the plan of union for the common defence adopted by that body. He bad been many years a member of the Assembly, by whom ho was, in 1764, sent to England as agent, in which capacity he afterward acted for several other colonies. In the examination before the house of com- mons, in 1766, his information, sense, and wisdom were shown conspicuously ; and the obnoxious Stamp Act w.is soon repealed. He earnestly endeavored to prevent the rupture with the mother-country, and did not leave his post until war was inevitable. Arriving in Phila. 5 May, 1775, he was immediately elected to Congress ; was one of the committee to prepare, and a signer of, the Declaration of Independence; and from the close of 1776, until his return in Sept. 1785, was aml.a^ador to France. To hini i. •}»•-■ \\,r< i.i-ini-iv, :! -T.-.lit procuring the ti • lied at Paris, 6 1 ■ iependence of iIr IT'RA 339 FR.A. also took an important part in the neg with Kng., and signed the preliminarv articles of peace at Paris, 30 Nov. 1782. Tlic definitive treaty was signed 3 Sept. 1783 by Franlclin, Adams, and jay. Ho afterwards negotiated with Prus>ia a treaty, in which he inserted an ariicle against privateering. Gov. of Pa. 17SG-8 ; delegate to tlie convention to form a Con>titution for the U.S. in May, 1787. His lavt piihlic act was tlie signature of a memorial 10 Congress by the Abolition Society, of liicU lie was the founder and pres. His dinary. He founded the first fire-company in 1738, organized a voluntary assoc. for the de- fence of the province iu 1744, was col. of a regt,, and built forts for the protection of the fioiitier in 1755; invented the harmonica, a musical instrument, and the Franklin stove. in 1773, he forwarded the letters of Hutchin- son, Oliver, and others, to the legisl. of Ms., a disclosure which had important results. In 1776, he was pres. of the convention which formed the constitution of Pa. He left one son, William, who was gov. of N.J. , and adau., Saruh Baehe. Franklin left an interesting autiiUiography, which is prefi.\cd to the edition of his entire works by Jared Sparks, 10 vols. 8vo, 1^50. — See John Bitjelow's corrected edilion of Franklin's Autoliior/., 1868; Parlon's Life of'FrwtkUn, 2 vols., 1864 ; Historic Amer- icans, l«i Theodore Parker, 1870. Franklin, Jesse, statesman, b. Surry Co., N.C., 1758; d. there Sept. 1823. A major in the Revol. war; member of the H. of delegates in 1794; M.C. 1795-7; H. of dele- gates, 1799 to 1805; State senator, 1805-6; U.S. senator, 1807-13 ; gov. of N.C. 1820-1; a commissioner to treat with the Cliickasaws rranklin, Sir John, an Eng. navigator and uretic explorer, b. Spilsby, Lincolnshire, Apr. 1786; d. 11 June, 1847. Entering the navy ab. 1800, he served with distinction at Trafalgar, and was slightly wounded in the attack on N. Orleans, Jan. 1815. As a lieut. he com. " The Trent " in the arctic exped. of 1818, under Capt. Buchan. In 1819, he led an over- land exped. to trace the coast line of N. Amer., an account of which he pnb. on his return, and was made a capt. In 1825 he renewed this enterprise, tracing the coast from the mouth of the Coppermine Biver to the 15Uth meridian, for which service he was knighted. Gov. of Van Dieman's Land in 1836-42. In May, 1845, he sailed with " TheErebus" and " Ter- ror" to discover a north-west passage, and never returned. Several expeds. were sent in search of him from Eng. and Amer., without success ; but Dr. Rae found in 18.54 some relics of the party. In the summer of 1859, Capt. McClin- toek discovered on the shore of King William's Land a record, deposited in a cairn by the sur. vivors of Franklin's company, dated 25 Apr. 1848, stating that Sir John d. 11 June, 1847 ; tliat the ships were abandoned 22 Apr. 1848, wlien the survivors, 105 in number, started tor the (ireatFish River. Many relics were found uf this jiarty, who perished on their journey, pruli.ililv soon after leaving their vessels. Franklm, William, only son of Dr. F., and the last roy. gov. of N J., b. Pliila. 1730 ; d. Eng. Nov. 17, 1813. He served as post- master of Phila., as clerk of the Pa. Assem- bly, and, as capt. in the French war, gained praise for his conduct at Ticonderoga. At the close of the war he went to Eng. with his father, studied law in Lond., and was adm. to the bar in 1758, and, visiting Scotland, became acquainted with the Earl of Bute, who recom- mended him to Lord Fairfax. The latter gave him, unsolicited, the app. of gov. of N.J. in 1762. For a time, he enjoyed considerable popularity, but was deposed by the first Prov. Cong., in July, 1776, declared an enemy to his country, and was confined at E. Windsor, Ct. Released in Nov. 1778, he served for a short period as pres. of the Board of Loyalists in^» ' N.J., but in Aug. 1782 went to Eng., where ^ft he obtained a pension. In 1784, the father and son, after an estrangement of lOyears, be- came- reconciled. His son, William Temple Franklin, editor of the works of Dr. F., b. ab. 1760, died at Paris, May 25, 1823. He accomp. his grandfather to Paris, acting as his secretary. Franklin, William Benjamin, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. York, Pa., Feb. 27, 1823. West Point (1st in his class), 1843. Entering the topog. cngs. in the summer of 1845, he accomp. Kearney's exped. to the South Pass of the Rocky Mountains. He served on Gen. Taylor's staff at Buena Vista ; was brev. 1st lieut. lor that battle, and from June, 1848, to Jan. 1852, was assist, prof of nat. philos. at West Point. Feb.^une, 1852, he was prof, of nat. philos. and civil engineering at the N.Y. City Free Acad. Capt. July I, 1857. In 1859, he became supt. of the Capitol and post-office extensions at Washington ; and in March, 18G1, of the extension of the national treasury building; col. 12th U.S. Iiif. May 14, 1861; brig.-gen. of vols. May 17, 18G1, and assigned in July a brigade in Heintzelinan's division. At the battle of Bull Run, he wa« "in the hottest of the fight." On the re- organization of the army in Sept., he received a division in the Army of tlie Potomac. Ho re-enforced McClellan after the evacuation of Yorktown, transporting his division by water to West Point, on York River, and repulsed the enemy under Gens. Whiting and G. W. Smith, who attempted to prevent his landing, May 8, 1862. May 15, he was app. to com. the'Oth Army Corps. He participated in the operations before Richmond, repulsing the enemy on the right bank of the Chickahominy, June 27 and 28, and again, in conjunction with Sumner's corps, at Savage's Station, June 29. He com. at the battle of White-oak Bridge, June 30 ; made maj.-gen. of vols. July 4, and brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. June 30, 1862. At South Mountain, Sept. 14, he disting. himself by storming Crampton's Gap. He was in the battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, and in Dec. was placed in com. ot the left grand division, and was in the battle of Fredericksburg. He com. at Baton Rouge, La., July-Aug. 1863; exped. to Sabine Pu»s, Tex., Sept. 1863; and from 15 Aug. 1863, to 29 Apr. 1864, com. the 19th Annv Corps, dept. of the Gulf; took part in the Red River 340 FI^E ^ campaign under Banks, and engaged at Sabine j 0-5 Cross Koads, where he was wounded, 8 Apr. V _ 1864; Ple;isant Hill, Apr. 9, 1864, and Cane \3 ^1 ^ River, 23 Apr. 1864. Brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. .N AT, ^ 1865; resigned 15 Mar. 1866. Vice-pres. and V ^.^ or gen. agent Colt's Fire Arm Co., Hartford, Ct., N^ '^^ • since 15 Nov. 1865. — CuUum. X 5 ^ Praser, Charles, artist, b. Charleston, 'v^ S.C, Aug. 20, 1782; d. there Oct. 5, 1860. J >-I , , At the age of 12 or 14, he made sketches of ^ N* the scenery of Charleston and vicinity. He \e) ■ ^ Studied law, however; was adm. to practice in > 1807; at the end of 1 1 years retired with a com- Ni >• petency, and thenceforth devoted iiiiiisclf to art. ._; He attained eminent success in miniature-paint- ^ .^ ing. In 1825, he painted the portrait of La- ^ 'jj fayettc, and during 50 years had painted nearly («^ ^tevery (listing, citizen of S.C. He also pro- P«^-|^duced many landscapes, interiors, liistorical ^ pieces, and pictures of rjenre and still life. Mr. , -x Fraser was also a writer of periodical litera- g ture, poetry, and occasional addresses. In ^ Jan. 1857, an exhibition of liis collected works J I was opened in Charleston, numbering 313 min- ^ (' iatures, and 139 landscapes and otlier pieces in ^ oils. He was for a short time a resident of ^ Boston. Author of " Reminiscences of Charles- «(^ ^ coo, John, sculptor and architect, b. v, N.J., Julv 18, 1790; d. N. Bedford, Ms., M'arch 3, 1852. In early life he was a farmer and stone-cutter, and, removing to N.Y., was long unsurpassed in the beauty and finish of his monuments, tablets, ornamental mantles, and the delicacy of his lettering. Turning his attention to sculpture, he produced a mural tab- let and bust of John Welles for St. Paul's Church, a most elaborate and highly-finished piece. At the request of the trustees of the Boston Athenaeum, in 1834 he modelled a series of busts of eminent men in that city, ■which now adorn its lihrarv : thev were of Webster, Bowditeh, Prescott,'Story,J. Lowell, and T. H. Perkins. He also produced heads of John Marshall, Jackson, Lafayette, DeWitt Clinton, Jay, Bishop Hobart, Dr. Milnor, Dr. Stearns. Architect of the N. Y. custom-house, in which he was some time an officer. Prazer, Simon, a Brit. gen. ; killed at the battle of Bemis Heights, Oct. 7, 1777. Said to be the youngest son of Hugh of Balnain, and to have served in one of the Scotch regts. in the pay of Holland. Capt. 2d Highland Batt. Jan. II, 1757 ; served with distinction in Germany; major 24th Foot, March, 1761; lieut.-coi. July, 1768; col. Sept. 6, 1777, and app. brig.-gen. by Carleton, June 22, 1776, in which capacity he uccomp. Burgoyno's exped. He pursued the Americans in theirVetreat from Ticondcroga, and, overtaking them, gained the victory of Hubbardton, July 7, 1777. He took part in the first battle of Stillwater, Sept. 19, 1777 ; and in the seiond battle, fought on the same ground, was shot by a rifleman. He was a brave and skilful soldier. Preeman, George Washington, D.D., missionary bishop of Ark. and the Indian Terr, south, with supervision of the church in Texas. Conscc. Oct 26, 1844; d. Apr. 29, 1858, a. 69. J Freeman, James, D.D. (H.U. isii), T clergyman, b. Charlestown, Ms., Apr. 22, 1759 ; d. Newton, Ms., Nov. 14, 1835. H.TJ. 1777. In 1782 he was lay-reader, and Oct. 18, 1782, was chosen pastor, of the Episc. society wor- shipping at the Stone Chapel, Boston. Dis- carding the doctrine of the Trinity while lay- reader, his sentiments were adoj)ted by the greater part of his hearers, who resolved to alter their liturgy, and ordained him as their minister, 18 Nov. 1787. Dr. Freeman was the first minister in the U.S. who openly assumed the name of Unitarian. A vol. of his sermons was pub. 1832. One of the founders of the Ms. Hist. Society. Freeman, James E., artist, b. Nova Sco- tia ; was at a very early age brought by liis par- ents to Otsego, N. Y'. Through difficulties and hardships he made his way to N.Y., stud- ied at the National Acad., soon became a mem- ber, and m. the sister of Latilla, an artist of merit, who devoted himself to rural architect- ure, and d. a few years since at Chautauqua, N.Y. Freeman has resided many years in Italy, and has a decided genius for expression. Among his pictures are " The Beggars," " Tlie Bad Shoe," " The Crusader's Return," " Flow- er-Girl," " Savoyard Boy," " Young Italy," and " Study of an Angel." His wife is a sculptor of promise. — Tuckerman. Freeman, Nathaniel, juri.st and physi- cian, b. Dennis, Ms., Apr. 8, 1741 ; d. Sand- wich, Ms., Sept. 20, 1827. He studied medi- cine, and in 1765 settled in Sandwich, where he studied law under his relative. Col. James Otis. An early patriot of the Revol., he head- ed a regt. of militia in the cxped. to R. I. He perfonnc I inipnrtn-ir -pw-r- ■; i-i -hf lr-i-1 ; was of] Freeman, Samuel, judge, b. Portland Me., June 15, 1743; d. there June 15, 1831 Son of Judge Enoch, who d. Sept. 2, 1783, i 81. " struggles. Sec. of the Cumb vention in 1774; an industrious and useful member of the Prov. Congress in 1775, and of the house of representatives in 1776 and 1778. In 1775, on the reorganization of the courts, he was app. clerk, continuing 45 j-ears. Register of probate also, until commissioned judge in 1804, continuing until 1820. Post- master of P. 1776-1805. An active and efli- cient friend of Bowd. Coll. Pub. " Town Of- ficer," "American Clerk's Magazine," "The Massachusetts Justice," 8vo, 1803; "Pro- bate Directory," I2mo, 1803. He edited the Journal of Rev. Thos. Smith, pub. 1821. Frelinghuysen (fre-ling-hi'-zen). Gen. Frederick, Revol. soldier, and an eminent lawyer, b. N. J., Apr. 13, 1753; d. Apr. 13, 1804. N.J. Coll. 1770. Son of Rev. John of Raritan, N. J. Member of the Cont. Con- gress in 1775, 1778-9, and 1782-.3. Served as a capt. and col. in the army, was at Trenton and Monmouth, and was said to have shot the Hessian commander Rahl. He served through the war, afterward filled various State and county offices, and in 1790 was by 341 FRE Wasliin};ton a maj.-gcn. in an exped. against the Western Iniii:ins. U.S. senator, 1793-6. Frelinghuysen, Theodore, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 180.3), statesman and sciiolar, son of Frederick, b. Millston, N.J., Mar. 28, 1787; d. N. Brunswick, N. J., Apr. 12, 1862. N. J. Coll. 1804. Adm. to tlie bar in 1808, he soon attained high repute as a lawyer. He was a capt. of vols, in the war of 1812 ; was in 1817 chosen atty.-gcn. of the State by a legisl. op- posed to him in politics, and in 1829-35 was a U. S. senator. In this body he heartily sup- ported all acts tending to ameliorate the con- dition of the poor and oppressed, or to elevate their moral or religious character. He advocat- ed bills for the improvement of the condition of the Indian tribes, the suppression of Sun- day mails, and supported Mr. Clay in the tar- iff and compromise acts of 1832. Mayor of Newark, N. J., in 1837 and 1838. Chancellor of the U. of N.Y. from 1838 to 1850. In 1844, he was nominated by the Whig party for Vice- Pros, on the ticket with Henry Clay. From 1850 until his death, he was pres. of Rutgers Coll. N. J. He filled many places of honor and of trust, Pres. of the Board of Missions and of the Bible Societv. — 5ee T. W. Cham- bers's Memoir of Fre/ini/huijsen, 1863. Fremont, John Charles, explorer and eoldier, b. Savannah, Ga., 21 Jan. 1813. Charles. Coll. 1 830. His father was a French- man, his mother a Virginian. Instr. in math- ematics in the navy in 1833-5. He accomp. Capt. Williams, U.S.A., in a survey of the Cherokee countrj', in the winter of 1837-8, and in 1838-9 assisted Nicollet in exploring the country between the Missouri and the British line. App. 2d lieut. topog. cngs. 7 July, 1838; and 19 Oct. 1841 he m. Jessie, dau. of Thomas H. Benton. In May, 1842, he began, under the authority of govt., the exploration of an overland route to the Pacific; examined the South Pass of the Uocky Mts. ; ascended in Aug. the highest peak of the Wind River Mts., now called Fremont's Peak, and, return- ing in the autumn of 1842, pub. a report com- mended by Humboldt in his " Aspects of Na- ture." In the summer of 1843, in anotlier txped., he explored the Great Salt Lake ; leaching Fort Vancouver, near the month of the Columbia River, in Nov. Attempting to re- turn by a inore southern route, Ids progress ging his cour.-ie, he returned through the Great Basin and the South Pass, having exhibited a fortitude and during rarely surpassed, and was brev. capt. 31 July, 1844. In a third ex- I ed. in 1845, he explored the Sierra Nevada, California, &c. In Mar. 1846, he successfully repelled an attack by Mexican.?, near Monte- rey ; was niaj. comg. batt. of Cal. vols. July- Nov. 1846; app. lieut.-col. mounted rifles, 27 May, 1846, and was app. gov. of Cal. by Com. Stockton, whose authority was disputed by Gen. Kciirney. Arrested by the latter, he was tried by a court-martial, and found guilty of mutiny and disobedience. Pardoned by the Pres., but declined the jjardon, and resigned his commission. In 1 848, he undertook a new ex- ped. across the continent. His guide lost his way ; and, after encountering incredible hard- ship, he returned, with the loss of onetbird of his party, to Santa Fe. Renewing his efforts, he successfully encountered the hostile Apaches, and in 100 days reached the Sacramento. In 1849 he settled in Cal., where he had purchased the auriferous Mariposa tract, the title to which, after much litigation, was confirmed by the U.S. Sup. Court in 1855. Commissioner in 1S49 to run the boundary-line between the U. S. and Mexico. He used his influence to make California a free State, and was her U.S. sen- ator in 1850-51. In 1850, he received for his scientific services a gold medal from the King of Prussia, and another from the Roy. Geog. Soe., Lend. In 18.53, he led, at his own ex- pense, a 5th exped., and succeeded in finding a new route to the Pacific, ab. lat. 38° north. Repub. nominee for the presidency in 1856, he received 1 14 votes against 174 for his successful competitor, Buchanan. In the fall of 1860, he visited Europe. App. maj.-gen. U.S A., 14 May, 1861, and assigned to com. the Western dist. In Aug. he issued an order emancipating the slaves of those who should take arms against • the U.S., which was annulled by the Pres. as premature. He was in pursuit of the insur- gents, whom he had just overtaken at Spring- field, Mo., when he was removed from the com., 2 Nov. 1861. App. to com. the moun- tain dept., including parts of Va., Ky., and Tenn., in Feb. 1862, and June 8 fought an indecisive battle at Cross Keys. Recalled from the pursuit of Jackson, he resigned his com., and was nom. to the pres. by the Cleve- land Conv. in 1864. — .See Lives, bi/ John Bige- low, 1856, wid C. W. U/itiam, 1856, Fremont's Explorations, 2 vols., 1839. Prench, Ace. C, lawyer, gov. of Illinois, 1846-53. Law prof, in McKendree Coll., 111. ; b. N H. ; d. Lebanon, 111., Sept. 4, 1864. French, Benjamin F., hist, writer, b. Richmond, Va., June 8, 1799. He received a classical education, and studied law, but aban- doned it on account of ill health. In 1825, hav- ing previously contrib. css.nysand poems to va- rious periodicals, he pub. "Biographia Ameri- cana," and soon after " Memoirs of Eminent Female Writers." Though actively engaged in planting and commercial pursuits, he has pub. 5 vols. 8vo of " Historical Colls, of Louisi- ana," 1846-53. He has also in preparation 2 vols, of " Hist. Annals," relating to the h*st. of N. America from its discovery to 1850. Before taking up his residence in N. York, he gave most of his extensive private library to the Fisk Free Library of N. Or- leans. Author, also, of " History and Prog- ress of the Iron Trade of the U.S.," 1821-57, 8vo, 1858; "Beauties of Byron, Scott, and Moore," 2 vols., 1828, Phila. — Oui/ckinrk. French, L. Virginia, poetess, b. on the Eastern Shore of Va., at the conntry-scat of her maternal grandfather, Capt. Thos. Parker, a Revol. officer, ab. 1830. With her sister, she was educated at the Washing-ton Female Sera., Pa.; and in 1848 they established themselves as teachers in Memphis, Tenn. Under the signature of " LTnconnue," Virginia contrib. articles to the journals and magazines of that region, and in 1852 was assoc. with others in FRB 342 FRI the pub. of the " Southern Ladies' Book." J«n. 12, 18.5.3, she m. John H. French of Mc- Minnville Tenn., where she has since resided. She pub. in 1856 " Wind Wliispers," a collec- tion of her poems; and has since written a series of historical " Legends of the South, also a five-act tragedy, "Iztalilxo, the Lady of Tala." She succeeded Mis. Bryan as editress of the Crusader, of Atlanta, Ga. >. French, William Henry, brcv. niaj.-Ken. t.S.A., b. Md. ab. 1818. West Point 1837. Entering ihe 1st Art., he served in the Florida war in 1837-8; was assist adj.-gen. to ben. Patterson, and aide to Gen. Pierce ""184^; WIS brev. capt. for gallantry at Cerro Gordo, and major for Coutreras and Churubusco his countrymen in the darkest days of '76, and cheered the .lesponding soldier as he fought the battles of freedom. Campbell anil Scott borrowed from him ; and Jeffrey predicted that the time would come when his poetry, like Hu- dibras, would command a commentator like Gray " He pub. " A Translation of the Travels of the Abbe llobin " in N.Y. 1783 ; " Poems Phila. 1786 ; " Miscellaneous Works, 1J88 j " Poems written between 1768 and 1794,[ Mount Pleasant, N.J., 1795 ; " Letters on Vari- ous Subjects," &c., by Robert Slender, Plula. 1799- a new edition of his Poems, 1809; " Poems written between 1 797 and 1 81 5," 2 vols., N.Y. 1815. An edition of his Revol. Poems, with'a Memoir and Notes, by E. A. Duyckiiick, was pub. in N.Y. in 1865. Peter, his bro., ^mMmMM WM^i^^JB of vols. -^-^- Art. ; enga;;ed in the Pi Va., — at Yorktown, Fai. , Gaines's Mill, Peach Orchard, Savage Sta- tion, Glendale, and Malvern Hill. In " •" linsular'campaign in of loans for S.C. ; had been sec. ot Stt rOaks.pak''GW. S.C.;d.Oct..8.4a57.-I>.,Vct,n<*. ba les of Antietam and of Fredericksburg, he tiac, Mich «.u^ x.e oeca.. J-. .-.:«« «r e"''";'= }^'''; may be regarded as his successor, occasional sermons Author of afterward known as Fort Cumberland. Col. of militia in 1750, and a member of the govern- or's council. Fry. William Henry, composer and journalist, b. Phila. Aug. 1815 ,; d. Santa " " Dec. 21, 1864. His father, 852-65 was managing «.iior,'a.d .he_chief WiUi.m J,^, was V^o,.-..or ^o^^ t^^o^/oW Frothingham, Richard, Jun., historian and iournalist, b. Charlestown, Ms., Jan. ^1, 18r2. Many years connected with the fios(o« JOurna>^t,o Post, of which he is still a proprietor and in Cruz W. L, ' -.,' .-^ ,;„„ oriifnr nnd the chief William iiy Gazette contributor to its columns, a^ prominent ' "■ I®d!ie'*at'e' w' fhe EmmetsburgT'MdT '" His musical talent was ana au. in lo.;., .- "»- a i'«>°^ °^ ^^^^ k became connected with the iVu(,o«ai cSfto;:":-' l";8;''''History of'thTkege Ga..«e in 1 839 : was editor of the Phila. L. ui-.^i... ^ "..;. mingled with such romantic t.il. -, I'lH " re- mained disbelieved until tin' n.i imjM --' Is which frequent this coast in ilir lin-ii;i.l.' 4is- covcred the inlet mentioned by De Fiua. be- tween the 48th and 49th parallel. Tlii^ stnnt was thoroughly explored by Vancouver in 1792. His name has been given to llie strait which connects the Pacific with the Gulf of Georgia. . Fulford, Francis, D.D., Pr. Ep. bishop of Canada, b. Sidmouth. Eng., 1803; d. Mon- treal, Sept. 9, 1868. Educated at Tiverton grammar-school, and Exeter Coll., Oxford, where ho prad. B.A. 1824, and was elected a Fellow in June, 1825; received the degree of D.D. in 1850 ; w.as rector of Trowbridizc Wilts from 1832 to 1842 ; rector of Croydon from 1842 to 1845 ; minister of Curzon Chapel, London, njx. 345 from 1845 till his consecration in 1850; was also chaplain to the Duchess of Gloucester, and in 1859 was app. metropolitan bishop of Canada. He pub. Sermons, and a work on " The Progress of the Reformation," and was an eloquent preacher. — Morgan. Fuller, Akthur BccKMiNSTER, Unitarian clergyman, b. Cambridgeport, Ms., Aug. 10, 1822; killed at Fredcrioksburg, Va., Dec. 11, 1862. H. U. 184.3. Son of Hon. Timo., and bro. of Maigaret, who fitted him for coll. In his boyhood he lost an eye. After studying theology at Cambridge, he was for some years a teacher and missionary in Illinois. From 1848 to 18.53 was pastor of a Unit, church in Manchester, N. H. ; from 1853 to 1859 was settled over the New North Church, Boston, and then settled as pastor at Watertown. Chaplain 16th Ms. vols. Aug. 1, 1861. He volunteered to join a forlorn hope in crossing the Rappahannock, and fell while driving the rebel sharpshooters out of Fredericksburg. He edited his sister's works, and pub. " Hist. Discourse del. in the New N. Church, Boston, Oct. 1 , 1S54," — .S'C Memoir of Chaplain Falter, b,/h\l,ro. /!. F. Fuller, 1864.' Fuller, lIiitAM, h. Plymouth Co., Ms. Pub. and ediun- of the A'. 1'. Mirror for 14 years; pub. "The Groton Letters" in 1845, and in 1858 " Belle Brittan," a series of lively letters. Now (1870) ed. of a Lond. weekly gazette, the Cosmopolite. Before his removal to N.Y. City, he was principal of a young ladies' sem. and a bookseller at Providence. Fuller, John W., brev. maj.-gen. vols., b. Cambridge, Eng., Jnly, 1827. His father, a Baptist minister, came to N.Y. in 1833. The son was a bookseller at Utica, and afterward at Toledo, 0. Col. 27th O. regt. Aug. 1861; served under Pope at New Madrid and Island No. 10 ; com. a brigade at luka, and with spe- cial distinction at Corinth, in Oct. 1862; cap- tured Decatur, Ala., in Mar. 1864; com. 1st brig. 4th div. 16th corps in the Atlanta cam- paign, and for his brilliant services at the Chat- tahoochee River, July 21, 1864. was madebrig.- gen. In Oct. he fought Hood at Snake Creek Gap; com. the first division 17th corps in Sberraiin's march to the sea ; was present at Johnston's surrender, and was brev. maj.-gen. — ReiiVs Ohio in the [Var. Fuller, RiCHAKD, D.D., Baptist clergy- man, b. Beaufort, S.C, Apr. 22, 1804. H.U. 1824. At the age of 20, he was adm. to the bar of S.C. His enjoyment of a lucrative practice was interrupted by ill health. On re- covering, he studied for the ministry. Ord. in 18.33. He exchanged, in 1847, his charge at Beaufort for that of the 7th Baptist Church in Bnltitnoie, where he still remains. He has pub. " Curresp. with Bishop England concern- ing the Roman Chancery," " Corresp. with Dr. Wayland on Domestic Slavery," " Sermons," and " Letters," " Argument on Baptist and Close Communion," 1849, and " The Psalm- ist," a hymn-book in general use among Bap- tists. Fuller, Richard Frederic, lawyer and scholar, b. Cambridge, Ms., May 15, 1821 ; d. Wayland, Ms., May 30, 1869. H. U. 1844. Bro. of Margaret. He pub. a biography of his bro. Rev. A. B. Fuller, and " Visions in Verse." Fuller, Sarah Margaret, Countess D'Ossoli, b. Cambridge, Ms., 23 Mav, 1810; d. 16 July, 1850. Her father, Hon. Timothy Fuller, M.C., gave her the education of a boy, and at 17 she read fluently Fiench, Italian, Spanish, and German. The death of her father in 1835 compelled her to rely upon herself; and she became a teacher in Boston. In 1837, she was principal in the Green-st. School, Prov- idence. In 1839, she formed, in Boston, classes of young ladies for conversation, in which she took the lead, and for which she possessed re- markable capacity. In 1840-2, she edited the Vial, to which she contrib. papers upon the social condition of woman, subsequently pub. as " Woman in the 19th Century." In 1843, after a Western trip, she pub. " A Summer on the Lakes. In 1844, she was literary editor of the N. Y. Tribune, some of her contribs. to which were pub. as " Papers on Art and Lit- erature," 1846. In 1846-7, she travelled in England and France, and, visiting Italy, m. the Marquis d'Ossoli, and sympathized deeply with the revol. then in progress. In the summer of 1850, with her, husband and child, she took passage for N.Y. and was wrecked on the coast of N. J. — See Memoirs bt^ her brother Arthur, also bij R. \V. Emerson and \Vm. H. Clianning, 2 vols.,' 1851. Fuller, Timothy, lawyer and politician, b. Chilmark, Ms., 11 July, 1778; d. Groton, 1 Oct. 18.35. H.U. 1801. Son of Timo., min- ister of Princeton, Ms. He studied law in tho office of Levi Lincoln; practised with success in Boston; was a State senator in 1813-16; M. C. 1817-25; speaker of the Ms. legisl. 1825, and member of the exec, coimcil in 1828 ; eminent as a Democ. politician and orator. Ho was the instructor of his celebrated dau. Mar- garet. He pub. Oration 4 Jnly, 180D, speeches on the Seminole war. Mo. Compromise, &c. Fulton, Robert, inventor and successful introducer of steam-navigation ; b. Little Brit- ain, Lancaster Co., Pa., 1765; d. New York, Feb. 21,1815. Of Irish descent. Hisfatberd. when he was but 3 years old. He received a com. school education, went to Phila. in 1782, and in 1785 was a miniature-painter there, making money enough to buy a small farm in Washington Co., upon which he placed his mother. He then went to Eng., studied sever- al years under Benj. West, adopted the profes- sion of a civil engineer, and, while at Birming- ham, familiarized himself with the steam-en- gine, then just improved by Watt. Here he devised an improved mill for sawing marble, a machine for spinning flax and making ropes, and an excavator for scooping out the channels of canals and aqueducts. In 1795, he furnished to the Lond. Morning Star essays on canals, and, early in 1796, jiub. in Lond. a work on the improvement of canal-navigation. He went to Paris in 1797, resided 7 years with Joel Barlow, and studied languages and the sciences connect- ed with his profession. He offered his inven- tion of the submarine torpedo to the French and Eng. Govts, without success, and in Dec. 1806 arrived in New York. lie had, in Sept. 1793, addressed a letter to Earl Stanhope " re- 346 GrJLD Bpectinjj the moviiii; of ships hy the means of steam," and had been aided in Fiance in his experiments bv Chancellor Livingston, who had procured aii net of the N.Y. le'iisl. giving to Fulion and himself the exclusive privilege of navigating the waters of the State by steam. Iti 1807, " The Clermont " was built, and trav- ersed the Hudson at the rate of 5 miles an hour, coinpKu I » ^ i.iMi Iiini; tlie utility of the invention. Il:- '. ' ■ . lint on the Hud- son was "Tin < , I N J : iiih'," also built in 1807. In Isd'J, I'a'tn, iniird bis first pat- ent from the U..S., and in 1811 took out a sec- ond for some improvements in his boats and machinery. Tliey were limited to the simple means of adapting paddle-wheels to the axle of the crank of Watt's engine. Fulton con- structed ferry-boats to run between N.Y. and N.J., a boat for Long Island Sound, .'5 for the Hudson River, and several for different parts of the U.S., some of them for the Ohio and Mpi. Rivers. In 1811, he was commissioned by the legisl. to explore the route of an inland navigation from the Hudson to the Lakes, and reported in favor of the proposed canal. Hav- ing taken out a patent for improvements in maritime warfare, he was in 1814 app. engi- neer for building floating batteries for coast de- fence. The first U.S. war-steamer, called " The Demologos," afterward " Fulton the First," was unwieldy, and attained a speed against the current of only 2 1-2 miles an hour; but, as the pioneer of the steam-navies of the world, it was regarded as a marvel, and as a most po- tent engine of defence. Fulton m. in 1806 Harriet Livingston, a relative of the chancellor. He possessed uncommon tact, energy, patience, and enthusiasm, and was eminently popular. Congress, in 1846, paid $76,300, in full, of the claims of Fulton against the U.S. for inven- tions and improvements in the application of steam to navigation. Lives of Fulton have been pub. by C. D. Golden in 1817, and in Sparks's " Am. Biog.," by Renwick. Pulton, William S., statesman, b. Cecil Co., Md., June 2, 1795 ; d. Rosewood, near Black Rock, Ark., Aug. 15, 1844. Bait. Coll. 181.3. During the war of 1812, he was a vol- unteer, and was in Fort McHenry during its bombardment. Removing to Tcnn., he be- came sec. to Gen. Jackson, studied law, and then settled in Ark. When the territorial govt, was organized in 1829, he was first sec.; was gov. in 1835-6, and from its admission in 1836, until his death, U.S. senator. FurneSS, William Hunhv, D.D., clergy- man and author, b. Boston, April 20, 1802. H. U. 1820. Ord. pastor of the First Cong. Unit. Church in Phila. Jan. 12, 1825. He has pub. " Remarks on the Four Gospels," 1836; "Jesus and his Biographers," Phila. 1838; a "History of Jesus," 1850; "Thoughts on the Life and Character of Jesus of Naza- reth," Boston, 1859; a vol. of prayers, entitled " Domestic Worship ; " a vol. of" Discourses," 1855, besides liymns and other devotional pieces in verse ; translations from the German ; a vol. of " Gems of German Verse," and a vol. entitled " Julius, and Other Tales from the German," 1856. He edited for 3 years "The Diadem," a Phila. annual : has been a contrib. to the Christian Examiner, and is the author of a number of published sermons, many of which are in support of the antislavery cause, in which he took great interest. FurnesS, William Henry, son of the above, portrait-painter, b. Phila. 1827 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., March 4, 1867. After study- ing his art at Dusseldorf, Munich, Dresden,and Venice, he established himself in Phila. as a portrait-painter, married, and removed to Bos- ton, where he attained a high rank in his pro- fession. He first gained reputation by bis cray- on-drawing. Among his portraits are Mrs. Lathrop of Boston, Miss Emerson of Concord, Wilde the artist, Dr. Fnrncss bis father, Lucre- tia Mott, Chas. Sumner, and Rev. Dr. Barnes. Gadsden, Chkistopheb, Revol. states- man, b. Charleston, S. C, 1724; d. there Aug. 28, 1805. Educated in Eng. under the care of relatives; clerk in a counting-house in Phila. until 21, and after a second visit to Eng. became a merchant in Charleston, and his suc- cess enabled him to repurchase the largo estate which his father had lost in play with Adm. Anson in 1733. A delegate to the Stamp-act Congress at N.Y. in 1765, he was one of the first in S.C. to foresee the improbaliility of a reconciliation to Great Britain, and who openly advocated republican principles, and desired the independence of America. He was a cor- resp. of Samuel Adams, and, like him, was one of the boldest and most resolute of the patriot leaders. A member of the Congress of 1774- 5, he was thanked for his services by the S.C. legisl. on his return. Chosen a col. in 1775, he was actively engaged in the defence of Charles- ton in 1776; was made a brig -gen. Sept. 16, 1776, and resigned in 1779; was one of the framersof the State constitution in 1778, and, as lieut.-gov. of the State, signed the capitula- tion when Charleston was taken by Sir Henry Clinton in 1780. Carried to St. Augustine, he suffered a rigorous eonHnement of 42 weeks in the dungeon of the castle; was exchanged in June, 1781, and sailed to Phila. Elected gov. in 1782, but declined on account of age and infirmity. Although himself a large loser in property by the Revol., he strenuously op- posed in the a,ssembly and council the law con- fiscating tJie estates of the Tories. Gadsden, Christopher Edwards, D.D. (S.C. Coll. 1815), Prot. Epis. bishop of S.C, b. Charleston, Nov. 25, 1785; d. there June24, 1852. Y. C. 1804. Grandson of the preceding. Deacon in 1807; priest in 1810; rector of St. John's, Berkeley, 1808 ; after- ward assist, minister of St. Philip's Church, Charleston, of which he was rector from July, 1814, until his dejith, and was conscc. bishop June 21, 1840. Bishop Gadsden pub. a num- ber of sermons and charges, and an essav on the life of Bishop Dehon (1833); and ed'ited the Gospel Messenger, which contained many contributions from his pen. Gadsden, Gew. James, statesman, b. Charleston, S.C, Mav 15, 1788 ; d. there Dec. 26, 1858. Y.C. 1806. Grandson of Christo- pher. Engaged in commerce till the war of 1812, when he was made a lieut. of engineers ; served in Canada, and, at its close, was confi- dential aide to Gen. Jackson. He accomp. him 347 clliirunl \vi;li 111.' roii-inif tiun wl ^vn^k^ Tor the dclLMicc nl' tli.-Ciiir liMiitirr. A|i|i. iii^p.-gen., rank of i"l.. (),t, 10, 1320- On ilie ii-iliiction of the army in 1822, he was reheved, and lor some months assisted Mr. Calhoun, sec. of war. He then became a planter in F\a. ; was a member of the territorial conncil, and, as a commissioner, effected a treaty for the removal of ihe Sominolcs from northern to southern Fla., and was afterward occupied in commerce and in rice-eultnre near Charleston. App- mini«ter to Mexico in 185.3, he negotiated the " Gadsden Purchase," now known as Arizona, for SIO.OUO.OOO. Gage, Fr.vnces Dana, philanthropist and reformer, b. Marietta, 0., Oct. 12, I80S. Her father, Joseph Barker of N. H., was an early pioneer to the West, and she assisted him in his traile of a cooper, having few opportunities of ciliicatioii. At 21, she m. .James L. Gafre, a lawyer of .MiConnellsvillc, O. She was an early advocate wilh pen and voice for temper- ance, antislavery, and woman's rights. Pre- sided over a woman's rights convention in Akron, 0., in 1851 ; and her opening speech was remarkable for its sense and pathos. In 185.3, she mos-ed to St. Louis, but was branded as an abolitionist, was often threatened with violence, and was thrice a sufferer from incen- di.irism. She next edited an agrie. paper in O. ; but on the breaking-out of the war, in which 4 of her sons were engaged, she went South, and ministered to the soldiers and taught the freedmcn, working without pay, and was an unsalaried agent of the Sanitary Commis- sion at Memphis, Vicksbnrg, and Natchez. She was afterward seriously crippled by the overturning of a carriage at Galesburg, 111. She subsequently lectured on temperance, but was stofiped in her career of usefulness by a stroke of paralysis, in Aug. 1867. Under the nomine de jtliime of " Aunt Fanny," she has written many beautiful stories for children, stanzas and sketches. She was an early con- trib. to the Salurrlay Visitor, and has written for the N. Y. liidi-/ieiideni. A vol. of " Poems." and a temperance tale, " Elsie Magoon," are her latest works. Gage, THO.MAS, or Friar Thomas of St. Mary, missionary and author, was an Irishman, educated at St. Omer's, and joined the Domin- icans ; b. 1597 ; d. 1655. In 1625, he set out with some missionaries from Spain, destined for the Philippine Islands, but, not relishing so distant a mis-ion, went to Guatimala, where, and in other neighboring places, he was a mis- sionary to the Indians. In 1637, he .settled as a Protestant minister at Deal, Eng. He pub. " A New Survey of the W. Indies," giving an account of his mission to New Spain, and of his travels, 1648, 4tli ed., 1699. Author of " Hist, of Mexico," Paris, 1696. Gage, Thomas, a British gen., b. ab. 1720; d. 2 Apr. 1787. Second son of the first Vis- count Gage. Entering the army young, he became lieut -col. 44th Foot, 2 Mar. 1750. At Braddock's defeat at the battle of Mouonga- hela, 9 July, 1755, he led the advance, and was wounded. Dec. 8, 1758, he m. Margaret, dan. of Peter Kcmble, pres. of the council of N.J. She d. Lond. 9' Feb. 1824, a. 90. He was in tlie exped. under Amherst against Ticonderoga; was made maj.-gen. in May, 1761, and gov. of Montreal; succeeded Am- herst in com. of the British forces in Amer. in 1763; licut.-gen. 1770; and in Apr. 1774 suc- ceeded Hutciiinson as gov. of Ms. Bay. He occupied Boston with 4 regiments soon after its port had been closed by the British minis- try; issued a proclamation against the Solemn League and Covenant, June 24, and forbade the holding of town-meetings. 19 Apr. 1775, and ammunition at Concord, which caused the Lexington battle and the opening of the Revol. war. June 12, Ga;;e proclaimed martial law, offering panlon to all rxiTpt Samuel Adams and John Ilnnurk. June 17, the battle of Bunker's Hill u.is lon^ht, and the royal army was shut up in Do^itoii by the American militia. Oct. 10, 1775, Gage resigned, and re- turned to Eng., where ho became a gen. and col. 2d Foot. He was an amiable and benevolent man, and possessed respectable militarv talent. Gaillard, John, U.S. senator in" 1804-26, and 1 1 years its pres. officer, b. St. Stephen's disf.. SC. ; d Washington, 26 Feb. 1826. Gaine, Tltinn, printer and bookseller, b. IrHan I; .1. N. V. .\pril 25, 1807, a. 81. He coniiii.nrr,! l.nMn.-s in New York in 1750. In 17,'i2, li.' !-t.iriril Ihe N.Y. Mercnrtj, which ap- peared every Monday. He soon after opened a bookstore, with the sign of the Bible and Crown, in Hanover Square, which remained in his hands 40 years. Gaine was compositor, pre^-man. folder, and distributer of his paper, whirl, liiil a rir, niaiion of 300-400. A Whig at lii -I, \\r -nli-ripii.-ntly devoted the Mercury to 111.' support, of the royal cause. At the close ol the war, his petition to remain in the city was granted; but ho gave up his paper, and continued bookselling, acquiring a handsome estate. Gaines, Edmund Pendleton, maj.-gen. U.S.A.. b. Culpeper Co., Va., March 20, 1 777 ; d. N. Orleans, June 6, 1 849. James, his father, led a company in the Revol. war ; was in the N.C. legisl. and the convention which ratified the Federal Constitution. Nephew of Edm. Pendleton. The family moved in 1790 to Tenn. Entering the army as ensign, Jan. 10, 1799, he became eapt. Feb. 1807 ; maj. 8th Inf. March 24, 1812 ; lieut.-col. 24thlnf July 6, 1812; col. 25th Inf. March 12, 1813; adj.-gen., rank col., Sept. 1813; hrig.- gen. March 9, 1814; brev. maj.-gen. for gal- lantry at Fort Erie, Aug. 15, 1814, where he was severely wounded Aug. 28, and for which he received the thanks of Congress Nov. 3, 1814, and a gold medal. He was in the battle of Chrystler's Field, Nov. 11, 1813; served under Jackson in the Creek war, and was wounded in an action with Seminole Indians on the Ouithlacoochie, Feb. 29, 1836. For calling out a large number of the Southern militia without orders, at the breaking-out of the Mexican war, he was tried by court-mar- tial, but not censured. He was a man of extreme simplicity of character, and unques- tioned integrity. 348 Gaines, Major John P., soldier and politician cfKy. ; d. Oregon, 1858. Major in Marshall's Ky. vol. cav. in the Me.xican war; made prisoner at Incarnacion, Jan. 1847; vol. aide to Gen. Scott, and disting. at El Moh'no ; M.C. from Ky. 1847-9 ; gov. of Oregon Terr. 1850-3. Gaither, Henbt, lieut.-col. U.S.A., b. Md. 1751 ; d. Georgetown, D.C., June 22, 1811. A capt. Revol. army, and engaged in nearly every battle of the war ; app. muj. in the " Levies of 1791 ; " served under St. Clair against the Miami Indians, Nov. 1791 ; lieut.-col. 3d sub- legion, Oct., 1793, to June 1, 1802. He was an excellent disciplinarian. His son. Gen. Wil- liam LiNGAN, a prominent politician of Md., frequently member of the legisl., and president of the senate, d. Montgomery Co., Md., Aug. 2, 1858. Gale, Benjamin, physician, b. L.I. 1715; d. Killingwoi-ih, Ct., May 21, 1790. Y.C. 17.33. He studied medicine with Dr. Jared Elliot, whose dan. he m., and, like him, was a scientific and practical agriculturist, having received a medal from a society in. Eng. for the invention of an improved drill plough. He took great interest in politics, writing many political essays for the newspapers. Ab. 1750, he pub. "A Dissertation on Inoculation." He also pub. some essays in the Trans, of the N. Haven Med. Society, and wrote " A Dissertation on the Prophecies." — Tliackcr. Gales, Joseph, journalist, b. Eckington, near Sheffield, Eng., 10 Apr. 1786; d. Wash- ington, 21 July, 1860. U. of N.C. Joseph, his father, came to the U.S. in 1794, pub. the Indep. GazMe. in Phila. (Aug. 179.i-99), the 2_ Raleigh (X.C.) Ret/ister ( 1799-I8.'?|f) ; d. 24 Aug. 1841. The son settled in Washington in 1807, connected himself with the National Inlefti(jenccr, became sole proprietor in 1810, took as a par-tner his bro.-in-Iaw, W. W. Beaton, in 1812, and in Jan. 1813 began to issue the Inlelliqencer daily. He wrote with great force and clearness. Galitzin, Demetrids AnonsTiNE, a Russian noble, afterward a missionary, b. at the Hague, Dec. 22, 1770; d. Loreito, Pa., May 6, 1840. His father, while ambassadorin Paris, embraced the principles of Voltaire and Diderot; but the son, in 1787, joined the R.C. Church. In 1792, he was aide to Gen. Van Lilien in Brabant. Dismissed from the Aus- trian service as a foreigner, he resolved to travel in America. Soon after landing in 1792, he entered the theol. seminary in Balti- more, and March 18, 1795, was ord. priest by Bishop Carrol. He first officiated at Cone- wango. Pa , also in Pa., Md., and Va., until 1798, wlien he founded a Catholic colony in Cambria Co., Pa. Here he purchased a large tract of land, erected saw and grist mills, and founded the town of Loretto, expending SI50,000. His rank was concealed under the assumed name of " Father Smith." His charge extended over a wild and extensive region, through which he made incessant journeys. He also composed several contro- versial works, and was several times proposed for the episcopacy, but would not .accept the honor. His name has been given to a village near Loretto ; and a monument was erected be- fore the clnircli in 1848. Gallagher, Cai-t. John, U.S.N., b. Md.; d. Wilmington, Del., Nov. 1, 1842, a. 58. App. lieut. July 24, 1813; master Mar. 2,1825; capt. Dec. 22, 1835. He was a lieut. of tl;e frigate " United States " in the action with the British frigate " Macedonian," Oct. 25, 1812. Gallagher, William D., poet and jour- nalist, b. Phila. Aug. 1808. His father, an Irish rebel of 1798, soon after emigrated to Phila. The son removed to Cincinnati in 1816, where, in 1821, he entered the printing- office of a newspaper; and in 1824, while an apprentice, edited and pub. a small literary paper. He became known as a writer in 1828 by the publication, in the Cincinnati Chronicle, of a " Journey through Ky. and Mpi." He successively edited the Backwoodsman at Xenia, 0., 1830; the Cincinnati Mirror, 1831; the Western Literary Journal and Monthli/ Revirw, 1836 ; the Hesperian, 1838 ; from 1839 to 18S0 ■was assoc. editor of the Cincinnati Gazette; and in 1853 was one of the editors of the Louis- ville Dailij Courier, but has since resided on a farm near that city. He pub. 3 small vols, of poetry, entitled " Erato," 1835-7 ; " Selections from the Poetical Literature of the West," 1841. In 1849 he was pres. of the Ohio Hist, and Philos. Society, and delivered a valuable address on the " Progress and Resources of the North-west." In 1850 he accompanied Sec. Corwin to Washington as his confidential clerk. He has written much on agriculture, and has collected materials for " A Social and Statistical View of the Mpi. Valley." — Poets and Poetrfi of the West. Gallatm, Albert, LL.D., statesman, b. Geneva, Switzerland, Jan. 29, 17G1 ; d. As- toria, L.I., Aug. 12, 1849. U. of Geneva, 1779. His parents, both of whom were of dis- ting. families, d. while he was an infant. Sympathizing with the Americans in the struggle for liberty, early in 1780 he came to Ms., and for a Icw'months com. the fort of Paii- samaquoddy. In 1783 he taught French at H.U. ; and in 1784, having received his patri- monial property, invested it in land in Western Va. In 1786 'he bought some land on the banks of the Monongahela, Fayette Co., Penn. ; settled there ; was in 1 789 a member of the State Const. Conv. ; member of the legisl. in 1790-2, giving strong indications, while in that body, of the financial ability he possessed; sent to the U.S. senate in 1793, he was declared ineligible. He took part in the " Whiskey In- surrection " in 1794, and by his tact, courage, and firmness, aided in brinirin*; about a peace- ful settlement of the difficulty. M C. 1795- 1801 ; sec. U.S. treasury. May 15, 1801-13; sent in 1813 as one of the commissioners to St. Petersburg, the Russian Govt, having of- fered t& mediate between the U.S. and Great Britain ; commissioner to Ghent, where the treaty of peace was made Dec. 24, 1814 ; and took part in the commercial convention with Great Britain soon afterward ; minister to France, 1815-23; and deputed on special missions to the Netherlands in 1817, and to Eng. in 1818. Ou his return, he declined the iiom- 349 GrJLL. ination of vice-pies, from the Democ. party. Envoy-extr. to Great Britain from 1826 to Dec. 1827, wlieii he tooli up his residence in New York. He prepared tlie argument in be- half of tlie U.S., to be hiid before tlie king of the Netherlands, as an umpire on the Mc. boun- dary question. In 1830 he was chosen prcs. of the council of the U. of N.Y. In 1831 he pub. " Considerations on the Currency and Banking-System of the U.S.," advocating a regulated bank of the U.S. A member of ihe free-trade convention at Phila. in 1831, and prepared for it the memorial to Congress. Pres. of the N.Y. National Bank 1831-9, and of the N.Y. Hist. Society in 184.3-9. A found- er, and first pres., of the Ethnological Society in 1848. During the Oregon difficulties in 1846, he pub. letters on the " Oregon Ques- tion," and in 1848 a pamphlet, strongly op- posing the Mexican war, which had a large circulation and great influence. In Congress, where he was a recognized leader of the Dem- oc. party, he opposed the British treaty in an able speech, April 26, 1796 ; and it was on his motion that the committee of ways and means was first organized as a standing com- mittee in 1795. His other important speeches were on "Foreign Intercourse," Mar. 1, 1798; on the "Alien Law," Mar. 1, 1799; and on the "Navy Establishment," Feb. 9 and 11, 1799. He gave his financial views in two pamphlets, "A Sketch of Finances," 1796, and " Views of Public Debt," &c., 1800. He was eminently successful in the treasury dcpt., and was one of the first financiers of the time. He opposed the increase of the national debt, systematized the mode of disposing of the public lands, and was a zealous advocate of in- ternal improvements. Offered the State dept. in 1809, but declined. Opposed to the war of 1812, and, as a member of the cabinet, exerted himself strenuously to restore peace. He was an early student of the ethnology and philolo- gy of the American Indians, and at Hum- boldt's request wrote an essay on the subject in 1823. He afterward pub. " Synopsis of the Indian Tribes," &c., in vol. 2, Archaologia Amer- icana, Worcester, 1836, and " Semi-civilized Nations of Mexico, Yucatan, and Central America,"N.Y. 1845; also author of "Reports and Letters on the U.S. Bank," 1810-11; " Reminiscences " of Mr. Gallatin were pub. by John RiLssell Burtlett, N.Y. 1841. Gallaudet, Thomas Hopkins, LL.D. (VV. Res. Coll. 1851), a pioneer in the instruc- tion of the deaf and dumb, b. Phila. Dec. 10, 1787; d. Hartford, Sept. 9, 1851. Y.C. 1805; And. Theol. Sem. 1814. Tutor at Y.C. 1808-10. Of Huguenot descent. His mother, who was a Hopkins, descended from one of the first settlers of Hartford, Ct. Ill health compelled him to relinquish the study of law, after devoting a year to its acquisition. Li- censed to preach in 1814. Becoming inter- ested in the education of deaf-mutes, he visited Europe in 1815-16; and Apr. 15, 1817, com- menced his labors with a class of seven pu- pils. He was one of the most disting. and use- ful men of his time, and lived to see, as the re- sult of his labors, more than 1.000 individuals receive the benefits of instruction in bis own private asylum, as well as to witness the estab- lishmentof similar institutions in different parts of the country. Resigning tlie office of principal in the Deaf and Dumb Asylum in 1830, he was chaplain to the Retreat for the Insane at Hart- ford from Jan. 1838 to the time of his death. He pub. many public addresses andcontribs. to periodicals ; a vol. of " Discourses," Lond. 1818, preached to an English congregation in Paris ; a series of " Biblo-Stories lor the Young," " The Child's Book of the Soul," " The Youth's Book of Natural Theology," and other similar works; and edited 6 vols, of the Aimals of the Dm/ and Dumb, Hartford. A discourse in commemoration of him, deliv- ered at Hartlurd, by Hon. Henry Barnard, in Jan. 1852, was pub. N.Y. 1857. — See Life of Gidlamhl by H. Humphreij, and Barnard's Dis- Gallison, John, lawyer and philanthro- pist, b. Marblehead, Oct. 1788; d. Dec. 25, 1820. H.U. 1807. Nephew of Chief Justice Sewall. After practising law a short time at Marblehead, he came to Lioston, where he was esteemed for his ability and integrity, and where he had a good share of business. He ed- ited the WeeUy Messenger for a year or two; and pub. 2 vols, of reports in" the Circuit Court, 1807; 2d ed. with addit. notes and references, 2 vols. 8vo, 1845. — See a Memoir in ihe Christian Disciple, Boston, iii. 15. GalliSSOniere (gii'-le'-so'-neair'), RoL- LAND Mi(;HAELBERRiN,Marquis, a French ad- miral, b. Rochefort, Nov. 11, 1693; d. Nemours, Oct. 26, 1756. Entering the navy in 1710, he served with distinction; became capt. in 1738; com.-gen. of artillery at Rochefort in 1745; gov. of Canada 1747-9; and in 1756, while commanding a squadron designed to capture Martinique, had a severe engagement near that island with Admiral Byng, whom he defeated. His administration was marked by severe dis- putes with the English relative to their right of way in Nova Scotia and the Ohio region. In 1749 ho was one of the commissioners for settling the boundaries of Acadia. In 1751 he pub. a memoir of the French colonies in Amer- ica. He was a devoted student of natural science, had a great heart and mind, but was low in stature, and deformed in person. He was a strenuous supporter of the Abbe' Dfe La Loutre, and, after his return to France, is said to have furnished him with money and supplies for his work in Acadia. Galloway, Joseph, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1769), loyalist, b. Md. ab. 1730 ; d. Eng. Aug. 29,1803. Son of Peter. He was well educated, had a good estate, practised law in Pliila., be- came eminent in the jirofes-^ion, and held many important trusts. In the Pa. legisl., of which he was a member in 17C4, and at one time speaker, he made an able speech in favor of changing the govt, from the pro|)rictary to the royal form, in opposition to that of John Dickinson. Member of the Congress of 1774, he actively participated in its leading measures, and proposed to it a plan of settle- ment, which was rejected. He abandoned his countrymen on the question of Independence, joined the British army in N. Y. in Dec. 1776, and in June, 1778, went to Eng. with an only GAX. 350 daughter. Franklin, wlio confided in his p.itrioiisin, had, on going abroad, left in his cliarge his valuable letter-books and papers, which were lost. He was the most violent and proscrii»tive, and perhaps the most able, of the loj-alists ; and the evil effects of his powcrlu! intluence were often felt both in America and Eng. His evidence before the British house of commons in 1779 was very damaging to Sir Win. Howe. He pub. " Observations on the Conducto! Sir Win. Howe," "A Letter to Howe on his Naval Conduct," "Xetters to a Nobleman on the Conduct of the War in the Middle Colonies in 1779," " Reply to the Ob- servations of Gen. Howe," " Cool Thoughts on the Consequences of American Independence," " Candid Examination of the Claims of Great Britain and her Colonies," " Reflections on the American Rebellion," a work on Revelations, Loud. 1802; " Speecli in Answer to John Dick- inson," Svo, 1764; " I'lophetic and Anticipat- ed History of Rome," Svo, 180.3. A new edi- tion of his " Examination by a Com. of ihe House of Commons " was pub. I'hila., Svo, 1855, by the Seventy-six Society. Gallup, Joseph Adam, physician and author, b. Stonington, Ct., Mar. 30, 1769 ; d. VVoodstock,Vt.,Oct. 12, 1S49. D.C.1798. He practised in Hartlandand Betliel.Vt., whence he removed to Woodstock in Jan. 180U. He first became known as a writer in the 17. Gazette; from 1820 to 182-3 was pres. of and prof, in the Castleton Med. Acad., and was several years a lecturer in the medical dcpt. of the U. of Vt. He established at Woodstock in 1827 the institution subsequently known as the Vt. Med. Coll., incorporated in 1835. He pub. "Sketches of Epidemic Diseases in Vt."(I815), to which are added " Remarks on Pulmonary Consumption," which was repub. in Eng ; " Piitholoyieal Reflections on the Supcrtonic State of Disease," 1822, and in 18.39 "Outlines of tlie Institutes of Medicine," 2 vols. Gait, Alexandisr Tilloch, Canadian statesman and financier, son of John the au- thor, b. Chelsea, Eng., 6 Sept. 1817; elected to the Canadian parliament in 1849; minister of flnance under Cartier in 1858-May, 1862, Mar. 1864-Aug. 1865, and under tlie" Domin- ion govt. 1S67-8; a delegate to confer with the Iinperial govt, on the subject of confedera- tion, and was prominent in all measures tend- ing to unite and consolidate Brit. Amer. Au- thor of "Canada, 1849-59," Lond. 1860.— il/en of the Time. Galusha, Jonas, gov. Vt. 1809-13 and 1815-20; d. Shaftsbury, Vt., Oct. 8, 18-34, a. 83. He was a Revol. soldier, having served at Bennington ; member of the General Assembly in 1800; was a mem. of the council in 1793-8 and 1801-5, and was judge of the Supreme Court 1795-7 and 1800-6. Galvez (gal'-vgihl, Doy Blrnakdo de, gov. of La. 1777-83, b. Mala-a, 1756 ; d. Mcxi- CO, Aug. 1794. His father, Don Mathias,was viceroy of Mexico ; and his uncle, Don Joseph, was sec. of State, and pres. of the council of tlic Indies. Bernardo was made col. of the regt. of La. in 1776, and succeeded to the govt. Feb. 1, 1777. In Sept. 1779 he com. an exped. which captured from the English Baton Rouge and Natchez; another, which captured Mobile, Mar. 14, 1780 ; and a third, which captured Pen- sacola. May 9, 1781 ; and received the grade of of La. and Fla. Early in 17S5 he was made capt.-gen. of Cuba, but, on the death of his lather in the summer of that year, succeeded him as viceroy of Mexico. — Gai/aire. Gambler, James, a Brit, adm., b. in the Bahamas 1756 ; d. Apr. 19, 18.33. His father, Revol. war, d. 1790. In 1778 lie com. " The Thunder," bomb, which was captured by D'Estaing's fleet. Oct. 9, he was made post- capt., and com. " The Ralcigh,"32. At Charles- ton, S.C., he served with the brigade of seamen until its reduction. In 1781 he captured " The Mitflin," an American 20-gun ship. Disting. in Lord Howe's victory, June 1, 1794 ; became full adm. in 1805 ; com. the flcetagainst Copen- idcd with a peer age. In 1814, he was i.laced at the head of the U. S., which was settled at Ghent, and rat- ified at Washington Jan. 17, 1815. Made adm. of the fleet in 1830. Gamble, Thomas, capt. U.S.N., son of Mnj. Wm., a Revol. officer; d. Oct. 10, 1818, while in com. of " The Krie," In tliu Mediterra- nean. Midshipman Apr. 2, 18U4 ; lieut. Apr. 27, 1810 ; com. Apr. 27, 181C. His bro. John M., col. U.S. marines, served under Porter in "The Esse.x," d. Broi.klvn, X.Y., U Sept. 1S36, a. 45. Peter, a .■;ii bro., was killed in the battle on Lake Cliainplain, while acting first lieut. of the flagship. Lieut. PitASCIS G., U.S-N-, another bro., d. in tiic W.' Indies, Sept. 29, 1824. Gammell, WiLi.TAM, LED. (Roch. 1859), author, b. Mcdfield, Ms., 10 Feb. 1812. B.U. 1831. Sonof Rev. Wm. of Newport. Tntorat Brown U. in 1835, assist. ])ruf. of rhetoric, and in 1836 prof. ; Irom which post he was trans- ferred, in 1850, to tllMf uf hiNrnry and political economy. He has pn!. > . i. (.; iii.ms and discourses on Iitei:n , , i : , li .-uhjects, also numerous article , : ; .iiid maga- zines, especially the cV./,.,;,ii/i 7.' (,ti.', of which he was several years one of the editors. To Sparks's " Amer. Biog." he has contrib. Lives of Roger Williams and Gov. Saml. Ward. He is also the author of " A History of Ameri- can Baptist Missions," Svo, 1850. Gannett, Ezra Stiles, D.D. (H.U. 1843), clergyman, b. Cambridge, Ms., May 4, 1801 ; d. 26 Aug. 1S71 bv a niih-nad accident at Re- vere, Ms. II r' I -J" Son of Rev. Caleb of Cambiiihjr i 1 7 1.')- I - 1 ^). Ord. colleague with Dr. Cli.iiiiiin:: -Inn.- .;o, 1824; and, with the exception ol 2 year^' absenre in Europe from ill health, continued pastor of the church, formerly in Federal St., now in Arlington St., until his death. Besides publishing many oc- casional discourses, and editiii;; the M,.t,r!fli/ Miscelluny from 1844 to 1849, lir was a-M,-. with Dr. A. Lamson in the care cii \',i'- ' ' !.-■>, m Examiner, the leading Unitarian i-rnuilnal in the U.S. Dr. Gannett held a bi^li rank m his denomination, in which he was prominent in all religious and benevolent enterprises. GanOjJoHN, Baptist aniini9ter,b. Hopewell, GJ-^^jsr 351 CJ^R N. J. ; d. Frankfort, Ky., Aug. 10, 1804, a. 77. His ancestors, who were French, settled iit New Rochelle, N.Y. He began to preach in Va., and labored also in N. J. and the Carolinas. In Dec. 17G0 he was setllod c.v.t the Baptist church in Phila. ; and in \'''i .■ ;, , r,. i the first Baptist church in N V ' , liirli hewasord. Tlie Hevol. hinl,, ,,,,;;, ,:,,,irh; and iic became a chaplain m :lu; .unu , uiiiciat- iiig in the brigade of Gen. Clinton through- out tlie war. He afterward collected his scat- tered fiock, but in 1788 removed to Ky. In 1790 he wrote a sketch of his life, pub. N.Y., 1806, 12mo, by bis son, Rei-. Stephen. Gansevoort, Guert C., commo. U.S.N., b. N.Y. 1812 ; d Schenectady, .July 1.5, 1868. Educated at the Naval Acad. Midsliipm. Mar. 4, 1823; lieut. Mar. 8, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1835; capt. July 16, 1862; romnio. 1866; re- tired 1867. He com. " The John Adams" dur- ing the Mexican war, and subsccjuently coin. the ironclad " Roanoke." Gansevoort, Peter, Jan., brig.-gen. Rev- ol. armv, b. Albany, July 17, 1749 ; d. July 2, 1812. 'App. by Congress, July 19, 1775, a maj. in the 2d N.Y. regt. ; and in Aug. joined the army under Montgomery which invaded Canada. Mar. 19, 1776, he was made lient- col.; Nov. 21, oil. of the 3d regt. In Apr. 1777 he took com. of Fort Schuyler, and gallantly de- fended it against the British under St. Leger, who, after beseiging it from the 2d to the 22d of Aug., retreated. By preventing the co-opera- tion of that officer with Biirgoyne, he contrib. essentially to the embarrassment and defeat of the latter, and obtained the thanks of Congress. Inthespringof 1779 he was ordered to join Sul- livan in the Western e.\ped. At the heail of a chosen party from tiie whole army, he distlng. himself by surprising the lower Mohawk castle, capturing all the Indian inhabitants by the celerity of his movements. In 1781 the"Stato of N.Y. -gen. He afterwards filled a number of important offices, among which were commissioner of Indian affiiirs, and for IbriiCying the frontiers. Military agent and brig.-gen. in the U.S.A. in 1809. Garay (j;ari'), Jous DE, a brave Spanish officer, b. Badajos, 1541 ; killed on the banks of the Parana ah. 1592. He was see. to the gov. of Paraguay, where he displayed so ranch enterprise and talent, that he was raised to the rank of lieut.-gen. and gov. of Assumption. He (bunded Santa Fe', rebuilt and fortified Bue- nos Ayres in 1580, and endeavored by kind- ness to civilize the Indians. Garay, Jose DE,b. Mexico, Sept. 21, 1801 ; d. N.Y. City, Sept. 21, 1858. Projector of the Tchuantepec transit route, for which he obtained the grant from Santa Aiia in 1841. Author of an "Account of the Isthmus of Tehauntepec," 8vo, Lond. 1846. Gareilaso de la Vega (garthelii'-so da lava'-ga), suruamed the Inca, because, by his mother's side, he was desiended from the roy- al family of Peru ; b. Cuzco 1540; d. Cordo- va, Spain, 1016. His father, one of the con- querors of Peru, d. Cuzco 1559. Philip II., dreading (he influence of Gareilaso among the natives, summoned him to Spain in 1560. Ho wrote an interesting and faithful history of Peru, 1609-16 (an English translation, by Ry- cant, was pub. Lond. 1688), and also a histo- ry of Fhi. 1605. Garden, Alexander, M.D., F.R.S., nat- uralist, b. Scotland, 1728; d. Lond. Apr. 15, 1791. U. of Aberdeen 1748. He studied medicine under Dr. John Gregory; settled as a pliysician in Charleston, S.C., in'l752, and ac- quired a fortune, which w;\.: .nnli-'-ii^-l, when he went to Eng., a loyal i' im i:- lb- ac- quired distinction by hi.- 1 : ii i il I I ilcige, and became a corresp. ol 1, i i i;, ; , 'i, who gave the name of GanlLUiu :l. o.il: ..i ,iic most beautiliil and fragrant of the llowcring-shrubs. He introduced into medical use the pink-root as a vermifuge, and in 1764 pub. an account of its properties, together with a botanical de- scription. He also pub. accounts of the helesia ; of the male and female cochineal injects ; of the mud iguana, or siren of S.C., an amphibi- ous animal ; of 2 new species of tortoises; and of the Gi/iimotus eleciricus. To extend his knowledge of n.itural history, he accomp. Gov. Glen into the Indian country, and discovered an earth which was deemed in Eng. equal to the finest porcelain. The knowledge of the spot has, however, been lost. Elected a mem- ber of the Hoy. Society in 1773, afterward vice- pres. of that body. Garden, Major Alexander, RcvoI. solilier and author, b. Charleston, S.C., Dec. 4, 1757; d. there Feb. 29, 1829. Son of Dr. Alexander. Educated at Westminster and the U. of Glasgow ; then travelled on the Con- tinent, returning in July, 1780. His father being a loyalist, he left home in Nov. 1780; joined Col. John Laurens; was at one time aide-de-camp to Gtii. Greene; was a lieut. in Lee's Legion in Feb. 1782, and was in many skirmishes. The Stale of S.C. returueil to him lil^ ( Kill r'~ il i;- 1 |iiMicrty. He pub. 1822, ai II, I : repub. in 4to, 186.T. I.M-' ai ■ aii:!i.ai'i. ■ lor the history of the period, coiit. lining iiiuch original infor- Gardiner, John, lawyer, son of Sylvester, b. Boston, 1731 ; drowned off Cape Ann, Oct. 15, 1793, by the loss of a packet in which he took passage to Boston. He studied law at the Inner Temple, Lond.; was adm. to prac- tice in the courts of Westminster Hall, and was intimate with Churchill and w;ith Wilkes, in whose cause he appeared as junior counsel. He practised a short time with success in the Welsh circuit, and then proiured the app. of atty.-gen. at the Island of St. Christopher in the VV. Indies, whither lie removed with his family ab. 1766, and was very successful. After the peace of 1783, he removed to Boston ; practised law there with much cclcliriiy ; re- moved in 1786 to an estate left by bis father at Pownalboro', in theithen Dist. of Mc, where he also practised law, and was its rc|iii-entative to the -M-. I.L'..|. I , i:-;i 1.1 lii.il.atli. In the Ir.:.- :, 1. ' , ■, , i!ir n i:ii. . ■ law- rcfonii , !i . . .1, ' •■•I I il •.':•■ , . . J, ilie peal of the law against tlic tions. His speech on the afterwards pub. in a small ■al niirescnta- ;er subject he vol. In con- 352 GA.R nection with the latter subject, he pub. " A Dissertation on the Ancient Poetry of the Romans," and an accompanying speech. He delivered the oration in Boston, July 4, 1785. He was a thorough republican; was a violent Whig in jiolitics ; possessed an astonishing memory ; was an admirable belles-lettres scholar, learned in his profession, and par- ticularly disting. for wit and eloquence. Gardiner, John Sylvester John, D.D. (U. uf I'a. 1813), clLM-gvuian and scholar, b. Haverford West, .South Wales, June, 1765; d. Harrovvgate. Eng. July 29, 1830. At the age of 5 be was sent to his grandfather, Dr. Sylvester Gardiner, in Boston, for education, who placed him under the charge of Master Lovell ; but, shortly before the commencement of the Kevol., he was removed to Eng., and placed under the care of the celebrated Dr. Tarr. In 1787 ho was ord. deacon, and assigned the pastoi-al charge of the parish of St. Helena, near Beaufort, S.C. He removed thence in 1791; took priest's orders ; was settled as assist, minister of Trinity Church, Boston, Apr. 22, 1792 ; and in 1804-5 succeeded Bishop Parker as rector of that church, in which station he remained until his death. While assist, minister, he kept a classical scliool, which was celebrated. He was disting. for pulpit eloquence, was in the first rank of classical and bellesdettres scholars, and was pres. of the literary club which for a number of years conducted the Anlholor/i/ and ifonthli/ Review, the precursor of the N. A. Review, to which he was a liberal contributor. Gardiner, Sylvester, physician, b. Kingston, R.I., in 1707 ; d. Newport, Aug. 8, 1786. Having studied medicine in London and Paris, he engaged in practice at Boston, where he also lectured on anatomy. Acquiring a large estate by the sale of drugs, he invested in the Kennebec purchase, and purchased for himself, and settled, the tract now occupied by the city of Gardiner. He procured emigrants from Germany to cultivate the soil, furnishing them annually with the needed supplies. He contributed liberally to the erection of King's Chapel, Boston, of which he was a warden ; promoted the introduction of inoculation for the small-pox ; printed and distributed an edition of an excellent book of prayers prepared by himself; built and endowed a chnrch at Gardiner^ and presented that town with a valuable library, which was afterwards scat- tered. Notwithstanding his advanced age, he left Boston when it was evacuated by the British army during the Revolution, taking with him, of all his great estate, but about i400. His lands, about 100,000 acres, were confiscated and sold; but his heirs, through some informality, were re-invested with the property. He returned to Newport in 1785. One of his daughters was m. to Col. Browne, bro. of the first Marquis of Sligo; a younger one was the wife of Robert Hallowell, and the estates of Dr. Gardmer in Me. were entailed on her infant son, Robert, who took the sur- name of his maternal granilfather. Gardner, Charles K., col. U.S.A., b. Morris Co , N.J,, 17S7; d. Washington. D.C , Nov. 1. 1869. Ensign 6th Inf. May 3, 1803; capt. 3d Art. July, 1812; hrig.-mnjor to Gen Armstrong, Aug. 4, 1812; assist, adj. -gen. Mar. 18, 1813; major 25th Inf June 26, 1813. adj.-gen. Apr. 12, 1814; brev. lieut.-col. foi disting. service, Feb. 5, 1815; maj. 3d Inf., and adj.-gen. div. of the North ; resigned Mar. 17, 1818. He was in the battles of ChrystlerS Fields, Chippewa, and Niagara, and at the siege and defence of Fort Erie. In 1822-3 he edited the New York Patriot. Author of a "Compendof Inf. Tactics," N.Y. 1819; "Dic- tionary of the Army of the U.S.," N.Y. 1853, 2d ed. 1860. Senior assist, postmaster-gen. Sept. 11, 1829; auditor of the treasury, Julv, I8:J6, to March, 1841 ; postmaster at Washington City, March, 1845, to July, 1849; surveyor- gen, of Oregon 1849-53, and afterward in'tbo treas. department at Washington until 1867. Father of the rebel Gen. Franklin Gardner, who surrendered Port Hudson 9 July, 1863. Gardner, John Lane, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ms.; d. Wilmington, Del., Feb. 19, 1869. Son of Col. Robert. App. lieut. of inf. May 20, 1813 ; wounded in attack on La Cole Mill, Mar. 30, 1814; aide-decamp to Gen. Smith, 1814; capt. Nov. 1, 1823; disting. in battle of Wahoo Swamp, Nov. 21, I83C; maj. 4tb Art. Oct. 13, 1845 ; com. his rcgt. in i\lc.\i- co in 1847; brev. lieut.-col. for the battle of Cerro Gordo, Apr. 18, 1847 ; brev col. for bat- tle of Contreras, Aug. 20, 1847 ; lieut.-col. 1st Art. Aug. 3, 1852 ; col. 2d Art. July 23, 1801 ; retired Nov. 1, 18G1 ; brev. brig.-gcn. for long and faithful service in the army, 13 Mar. 1865. — Gardner. Gardner, Samuel Jackson, editor and author, b. Ms. 1788; d. at the White Moun- tains, N.H., 14 July, 1864. H.U. 1807. Ho practised law in Roxbury, Ms., many years ; some time dep. grand master of Masons in Ms.; removed to Nownrk, N.J., in 1838, and edited the /*(./ 2 he com. in tlie biittlr n efBciency ami gallaiiti ■ k St: B63 ; in the bat- >nd .Mine River; my ol tlie Cum- n ; wiis in Nov. ;tli r,„ns which nd for his •, Dec. 15- t lie Mobile Fort Bliikelv, 9 Apr.' 186.5 ; "maj. 3d cav. 2 Nov. 1815.3 ; iircv. col U.S.A. 22 Jnly, 1864, for exped. to Covin^'ton, Ga. ; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865, for services in tlio Rebel- lion ; resiirned 9 Nov. 1S6G. — Cullum. Garrett, Thom.vs, pldlantliropist, of Qua- ker parenta-e, b. Darhv, D, 1. Co., Pa., 21 Aug. 1783 ; d. Wilmiiigtnn, Ik 1 , V. l"i .l,,n. 1871. Bred a scythe and (I ] J i i i .' ■ i li ■ ncqnired a competency, and in ■ , i Wilming- ton. He became :in ;iN'i!ii:i.i]i~t :ili. 1807, through the kidnapping; of a colored woman from his father's family ; and thenceforward as- sisted all fugitives who applied to him on their way to freedom. May, 1848, in a suit brought against him by the owners of some slaves whom he had aided to escape, he was convicted ; and the damages awarded swept away every dollar of his property. Commencing business anew in his 65th year, he amassed a competence. He lived to be honored in the community by which he had formerly been execrated, and to see his hopes for universal freedom realized. Garrison, William Lloyd, leader of the emancipationist movement in the U.S. -fH^1 l^^/^yfNewhxtrypon, Ms., 12 Dec. 1804., Appren- > '/ ticed to a shoemaker, and afterwardto a cabi- ker : lie preferred the printer's trade, h he learned in the office of the Newbury- Ilerald. He also contrib. to its columns to those of the Snlem Gazette, in which he the Free Press at Newburyport, soon discon- tinued. In 1827 he edited' the National Phi- laiilhropist in Boston, the first journal to advo- cate total abstinence. In 1828 he started at Bennington, Vt., the Siurit of the Times, advocating temperance, peace, abolition, and the election of J. Q. Adams to the presidency. Towards the close of 1829, he became assistant editor of Lundy's Genius of Universal Emanci- pation at Baltimore : previously the advocate of gradual abolition. Garrison made it at once the organ of the doctrine of immediate eman- cipation. For denouncing as " domestic pira- cy " the taking of a cargo of slaves from Bal- timore to La., he was fined, and imprisoned 49 days, and until Arthur Tappan paid the fine. After delivering a series of lectures on slavery in the principal cities, he established in Boston, 1 Jan. 1831, the Liberator, a weekly, of the most decided and uncompromising antislavery views, discontinued in Dec. 1865, the object for which it was established having been fully accomplished. His denunciations of slavery and slaveholders excited intense exasperation at the South. Tlie Ga. legi-sl. oHered a reward of S5,000 for his arrest and conviction under Ilie laws of that State, which greatly increased his notoriety and the number of his followers. la the spring of 1832 he pub. " Thoughts on African Colonization," in opposition to that scheme. He soon after visited I'^ng., where he was warmly received by Wilberlbrce, Broug- ham, and their associates. While attending an antislavery meeting in Boston, 21 Oct. 1835, he was seized by a mob of "gentlemen of property and standing," from whoso violence he was only saved by being locked up in jail, and on the following day was conveyed by the city authorities to a place of safety in the coun- trv. Founderof the Ainer. Antislaverv Societv I'jan. 1832, and its pres. 1843-65. "Founder in 1838 of the N. E. Nonresislanee Society. In 1840 he attended the Worid's Antislavery Con- vention in Lond., but refused to take his seat because the female delegates from the U. S. were excluded. After long and arduous labor, Mr. Garrison has lived to see his hope of eman- cipation realized, though not, as he hoped, by moral suasion alone, and witliout bloodshed. His friends raised and presented to him in Mar. 1868, as a national testimonial fur his arduous labors in the cause of antislavery, ab. $30,000. A vol. of his " Sonnets and other Poems " was pub. in 1843; "Selections from his Writings and Speeches," 12mo, 1852. — See Mrs. Stowe's Men of Our Times, 1868. Garth, George, a Brit, gen.; d. 1819. Son of John, M. P. for Devizes, and bro. of Gen. Thomas. He entered the first Foot Guards in Sept. 1758; was made brev. col. Feb. 19, 1779; maj.-gen. Nov. 20, 1782; gen. 1801 ; afterwards gov. of Placcntia ; a Inig.- gen. in Amer. during the Revol. war. In July, 1779, he was second in com. of Tryon's exjied. which plundered and destroyed Fairfield and Norwalk, Ct., and served under Clinton in the exped. against Charleston in 1780. Gartland, Francis X., first R C. bishop of Savannah; eonsec.Nov. 10, 1850; d. Sept. 20, 1854. Gaston, William, LL.D. (U. of Pa. 1819), statesman and jurist, b. Newbern, N.C., Sept. 19, 1778; d. Raleigh, Jan. 23, 1844. N.J. Coll. 1796. His father, Dr. Alexander, of Huguenot ancestry, and an ardent Whig, having been shot by Tories Aug. 20, 178i, his early education was conducted by his moth- er. Adni. to the bar in 1798, he attained the head of his profession in the State. In 1799 he was elected to the State senate from Craven Co.; in 1808 to the H. of delegates, over which he was chosen to preside ; and M.C. from 1 813 to 1817, where he ranked with Lowndes, Ran- dolph, Calhoun, Clay, and Webster. His speeches upon the Loan Bill and the previous question present some of the finest displays of reasoning and eloquence which our country has furnished. Some of the best statutes of N.C., as well as its judicial organization, are the result of his wisdom. Judge of the Su- preme Court of N.C. from 1834 to his d. He assisted the convention in 1835 in amending the State constitution, nearly all the reforms in which he is said to have suggested and elab- / orated ;'rspoke and voted against the propo- 1/ sition to deprive free colored men of the right of suffrage, which at that time they possessed ; and was tendered, but declined, the U.S. sena- 1 torship in 1840. V ^ -^ Gates, tloBATio, maj.-gen., I), at Maiden . GA.T 355 in Essex, Eng., in 1723; d. N.Y. Apr. 10, 1806. Son of a clergyman, and godson of H. Walpole. At an early age ho entered the army ; rose rapidly to the rank of maj. ; and in 1755 was stationed at Halifax; but, joining Braddock's unfortunate exped. in the latter year, he was shot through the body, and for a long time disabled. He recovered, however, in season to join his regt. in the exped. against Martinico in Jan. 1762, in which he was aide to the com.-in-chief Monckton, and rendered ef- ficient service, establishing his reputation as a brave and prudent officer. Maj. 60th Royal Americans, Oct. 27, 1764. After the peace, ho purchased a fine estate in Berkeley Co., Va., and devoted himself successfully to agricultu- ral pursuits. At the commencement of the Revol. war, he tendered his services to Con- gress, who in July, 1775, app. him adj.-^cn. with the rank of brigadier ; ami in the Colluwiiig June, having' in May been made maj. -gen., re- ceived the chief com. of the army, which had just retreated from Canada. His first step, the withdrawal of the entire American force from Crown Point, was severely censured by many, and considered highly injudicious by Washington, as it opened to tiie enemy the un- disputed navigation of Lake Champlain. A few months after, Gates again joined the com.- in-chief; and the northern army was assigned to Seliuyler. He continued with Washington until Mar 1777, when he resumed his command on the northern frontier, where he was super- seded by Schuyler in May, but was reinstated Aug. i. It was fortunate for Gen. Gates thal^ the retreat from Ticonderoga had been con- ducted under other auspices than his, and that he took the command when the indefatigable but unrequited labors of Schuyler, and the courage of Stark and his mountaineers, had already insured the ultimate defeat of Bur- goynei who, notwithstanding his unfavorable prospects, would not think of retreat. The severe conflict of Sept. 19, and the defeat of Oct. 7 at Saratoga, were followed by the sur- render of 13urgoyne, with his whole force, on the 16th, perhaps, in its consequences, the most important achievement of the whole war. Con- gress passed a vote of thanks to Gen. Gates and his army, and also voted a gold medal for him, with suitable inscriptions. His glory was soon obscured by the intrigues then progressing for elevating him to the station occupied by Wash- ington. Nov. 27, 1777, he was made pres. of the new board of war and ordnance, and Oct. 22, 1778, com. of Eastern Dept. In June, 1780, he received the chief com. of the south- ern districts. After collecting 3,600 troops, principally militia, he advanced against Corn- wallis, whom he met Aug. 16 at Camden, and was totally defeated. Tliis battle terminated the military career of Gen. Gates, whose sin- gular fortune it was to conduct the most pros- perous and the most disastrous of the military enterprises in this war. He was removed from com. and suspended from service until inquiry should be had as to his conduct. He retired to his farm in Berkeley Co., and, after a long and tedious inquiry, he was finally acquitted, and reinstated in his com. in 1782. When peace was made, he retired to his Va. estate, and in 1790 removed to N.Y., having first emancipated all his slaves, and provided for such of them as could not provide for them- selves. He was then presented with the free- ' dom of the city, and in 1800 was elected to the State legisl., but did not serve. Gates, William, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ms. 1788; d. N.Y. Oct. 7, 1868. West Point, 1806. Son of Capt. Lemuel, Revol. of- ficer of Ms., who d. Oct. 1, 1806. Ciipt. 1st Art. 3 Mar. 1813; maj. 1st Art. May 30, 1832; lieut.-col. 3d Art. Dee. 17, 1836; col. Oct. 13,1845; military gov. of Tampico, Mex., Oct. 1846 to June, 184'8; brev. brig.-gen. U.S. A. 13 Mar. 1865. He was at the capture of York, Canada, and in the bombardment of Fort George; was stationed at Fort Moultrie during the nullification troubles in 1832; took an active part in all the Indian wnrs ; personal- ly took Osceola prisoner; escorted the Chero- kees to the Indian country ; com. the 3d Art. in the Mexican war ; and had been 62 years in service. His son Collinson Reed, disting. in the Florida and Mexican wars, d. Fredericks- burg, Texas, June 28, 1849, a. 33. West Point, 183G. Gay, Ebenezer, D.D., cleraryman, b. Dedliarn, Ms., Aug. 26, 1696 ; d. March 18, 1787. H.U. 1714. He was settled over the church at Hingham, Ms., June 11, 1718, to which he ministered 69 years and 9 months. On his 85th birthday he preached a sermon from the text, " Lo, I am this day fourscore and five years old," which, under the title of " The Old Man's Calendar," has been frequent- ly repub. in America, went through several editions in Eng., and was translated into one or two of the languages of Continental Eu- rope. Many of his sermons were pub., and had, in their day, a high repute. He was a man of great learning and wit. Liberal in theology. He was a Tory in politics, and suf- fered persecutions from his own parishioners during the Revol. Gay, Martin, M.D. (H.U. 1826), a dis- ting. chemist and physician. Great-grandson of Rev. Ebenezer. B. Boston, 16 Feb. 1803 ; d. there 12 Jan. 1850. H.U. 1823. Gay, WiNCKWORTH Allan, landscape- painter, bro. of Martin, b. Hingham, Ms., Aug. 18, 1821. While young, he became a pupil of Weir, prof, of drawing of West Point Acad., and subsequently studied 5 years in Europe, part of the lime under Troyon in Paris. His style is that known as the modern French. "A scene in the White Mountains," painted for the Boston AtheniEum, and another, called " Near Fontainebleau," well exemplify his style. His views of Nantasket Beach and rocks have attracted much attention ; and he excels m ( Gayarre (gi' a'-ri'), Charles E.Arthur, lawyer and historian, b. N. Orleans, Jan. 3, 1805. Educated at the Coll. of N. Orleans. In 1S26 he went to Phila. and studied law; was adm. to the bar in 1829; in 1830 was elected to the legisl. ; in 1831 was app. dep. attv.-gen. ; in 1833 pres. judge of the City Court ofN. Orleans ; and in 1835 he was elect- ed a U.S. senator ; but ill health prevented him from taking his seat. After visiting Europe, GrAJV 356 G-BKT on his return in 1843, he was ajrain sent to the State legist., and from 1846 to 1853 was sec. of State. Author of a " History of La.," 1847 ; "Romance of the History of La.," 1848; " Spanish Domination in La.," 1 854 ; " Hist, of La." (French domination), 2 vols. 1854 ; " La., its History as a French Colony," 1851-2; a dramatic novel called " The School of Poli- tics," 1854 ; a work on " The Influence of Me- chanic Arts ; " and an address to the people of the State on the late frauds perpetrated at the election, Nov. 7, 1853. In 1830 he pub. in French " An Historical Essay on La." Gavle, John, judge and statesman, b. Sumter Dist., S.C, Sept. 11, 1792; d. Mo- bile, Al;i., July 20, 1859. S.C. Coll. He em- jj,,..,';,.,) ,,, \].; i>ji'i. In 1817 he was app. a inni;' .' •!- 1 1 1 le^^isl.; was solicitor of the jii-,, ,1: I I ,1 ' nil iiT-ganization of the State i-cn I ,ii 1 - ; ..a^ elected judge of the Su- preme tuia t , ui 1S-J9 was speaker of the house; guv. Iroru 1831 to 1835; M.C. from 1847 to 1849, when he was app. a judge of the U.S. Dist. Court of Ala. — Lmmmn. Gayler, Chahit's, .irnmifnt. b. New York, 18--'0. lie I-:, r, -: i-r rhe Stage while editing a nr„ . . , , :: < . mmii, and since 1830 lias hern i> i ■ i the press of New York. He hii- wi.u. u up.vards of 40 successful pieces. Among them are "The Gold-Hunters," a drama ; the operetta of the " Frightened Fiend ; " " Taking the Chances," a comedy ; " Galieno Faliero," a tragedy ; and " Isms, ' a comedy. Geary, John W., soldier and politician, b. Westm. Co., Pa., ah. 18«3. He taught school; became a merchant's clerk in Pittsburg; afterward studied at Jetf. Coll. ; finally became a civil eng., and was several years connected with the Alleghany Portage Railroad. He was lieut.-col. of Roberts's i-cgt. of Pa. vols, in the Mexican war, and commanded his regt. at Chapultepec, where be was wounded, but re- sumed his com. the same day nt the attack on the Belen Gate, previous to the capture of the city of Mexico. For gallant and meritorious conduct on that occasion, he was made first commander of the city of Mexico after its cap- ture, and col. of his regt. Removing to San Francisco after the war, he was made post- master there in Jan 1849; was soon after first alcalde of that city, and its first mayor. In 1852 he returned to Pa., and settled on Ins farm in Westmoreland Co. From July, 1856, to March, 1857, he was gov. of Kansas. He tlicn returned to Pa., and early in 1861 raised and equipped the 28th Pa. Vols.; com. in several successful engagements in the fall of 1861; occupied Leesburg.Va., in March, 1862; became brig.-gen. of vols. April 25, 1S62 ; was severelv wOundcd in the arm at the battle of Cedar "Mountain ; led the 2d division of the 12th corps at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863 ; com. the 2d division 20th corps in Sherman's Georgia and S.C. campaigns; app. military gov. of Savannah on its capture, 22 Dec. 1864 ; gov. of Pa. since 1867. Geddes, John, gov. of S.C. 1818-20; speaker of S.C. house of rep. ; d. Charleston, S.C, Mar. 5, 1 828, a. ab. 55. Gee, JoSHtTA,ministerof the "Old North" Church, Boston, from Dec. 18, 1723, to his d.. May 22, 1748; b. Boston, June 29, 1698. H.U. 1717. He had a penetrating mind, strong reasoning powers, and considerable learning. His wife, the accomp. dau. of Rev. Mr. Rogers of Portsmouth, d. 1730, a. 29. He was one of the assembly of ministers who met in Boston, July 7, 1743, and gave their attestation to the pro- gress of religion in this country. He pub. in 1743 a letter to Natbl. Fells, moderator of this assembly, containing some remarks on their printed testimony against disorders in the lanil. Geffrard, Fabke, pres. of the Republic of Havti, li. L'Anse-ii-Veau, Hayti, 19 Sept. 1806. His father was one of Dessalme's generals, and aided Petion in framing the Havtien Constitution. Entering the army at the" age of 15, young Getfiard became lieut.- gen. in 1845, an"d disting. himself by military tact and humanity. In the contest between tlie blacks and mulattoes of llayti, he took the part of the latter, though himself a ffrijp!. In the campaign of 1856 lie particularly disting. himself in the retreat from San Juan. Created a duke by Soulouque, and placed in com. of the army, he gained some important victories over the Dominicans, but aroused Soulouqne's jealousy, and was obliged to fly. Proclaiming himself pres. 21 Dec. 1858, he" joined a party of revolutionists, landed at Gonaives Jan. 1, 1859, and soon became master of the northern part of the island. Entering the capital, Jan. 15, he made prisoners of Soulouque and his familv, whom he protected, and sent to King- ston, 'Jamaica. The republic was restored, and GeflTiard made pres. He at once instituted important reforms, some of which met with great opposition. His life was attempted ; and in Mar 1867 he abdicated. Geisinger, David, commo. US N., b. Md. 1790; d. Phila. March 5, 1860. Mid- shipman 1809; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814; com- mander, March 11,1829; and cnpt. May 24, 1838. During the war of 1812, he saw much active service, and was in " The Wasp ' during her brilliant cruise on tlie English const in 1814, in which she captured the sloop " Rein- deer," Juno 28. Sent to Charleston in com- mand of the prize brig " Atalanta," he escaped from the fate allotted to "The Wasp," which was never after heard of. Genest, or Genet (zheh-na'), Edmond Charles, a French diplomatist, b. Versailles, Jan. 8, 1763 ; d. Jamaica, L.I., July 14, 1834. At the age of 12 he received a gold medal and a flatteiing letter from Gustavu^, III. for a translation of the history of Eric XIV. into Swedish, with notes by himself. Though brought up at the French court, and the bro. of Mme. Campan, he was a republican, and, on his return from a Russian mission, was in Dec. 1792 sent as ambassador to the U.S. He endeavored to excite a war with Eng., and even went so far as to fit out privateers from Charleston to cruise au'ainst the vessels of nations then peace ' th the U.S., and to project hostile expeditions against Fla. and La. Washinn-ton was constrained to ask his recall, which took place in 1794. Genest remained in 357 the U.S., was naturalized, and in 1794 m. Cor- nelia, dau. of Gov. Geor^je Clinton. She dying in Mar. 1810, he m.adau. of Samuel Osgood. Ho took a great interest in promoting im- provements iu agriculture and the arts and Gentry, Richard, maj.-gen. Mo. militia; col. of Mo. vols, in Florida war, Oct. 6, 1837 ; disting. and killed in battle of Okeechobee, Dec. 25, 1837. George, Esos, a Methodist bishop, b. Va. 1768; d. Aug. 23, 1828. His father's family removed to N.C., where he entered the min- istry of the Muth. church ; was in 1791 app. to a circuit; in 1796 received the app. of presid- ing elder, which office he filled in various locali- ties u-.itil 1816, when he was made bishop. Gerard, Conrad Alexander, LL.D. (Y.C. 1779), chevalier, a French diplomatist; d. Strasburg, April, 1790. One of the French secretariesof State in 1777; as such, arranging and signing the treaty between France and the U.S., Feb. 6, 1778; app. ambassador to the U.S., he arrived at Phila. earlj; in July, 1778, and was succeeded by Luzerne in Sept. 1779. Gerhard, w. w., M.D., b. Phiia. i809. Lecturer on clinical med. in the U. of Pa. Bro. of Benjamin, a lawyer of Phila. Author of " Clinical Guide," Phila. 8vo ; " Diseases of the Clicst," 1842, new ed. 8vo, 1854. Edited " Graves's Clinical Medicine," with notes and additions, 8vo, Phila. Also contrib. many articles to the medical Journals. — Allihone. Germaine, Lord George, Viscount Sack- ville, an Kn;;lish statesman, b. 26 Jan. 1716; d. 26 Aug. 1785. Third son of the 1st Duke of Dorset. Educated at Westminster and at Trin. Coll., Dublin, his father being lord-lieut. of Ireland. He served with reputation in the army in Germany, attaining the rank of licut.- gen., but was dismissed the service for disob. of orders at the battle of Mindcn. Entering parliament in 1761, he became, in Nov. 1775, colonial sec. of State, which post he filled throughout the Amer. revol. war. He zealously supported all the rigorous measures against the Americans, sternly opposed every attempt to effect a termination of hostilities, and be- came so unpopular, that, during the London riots in 1780, he was obliged to barricade his house. His conduct was rash and impolitic, but so consonant to the views of the king, that he was a great favorite at court. One of the supposed authors of Junius Letters. Made vis- Gerry, Elbridge, a signer of the Declara- tion of Independence, and vice-pres. U.S., b. Marblehead, Ms., July 17, 1744; d. Washing- ton, Nov. 23, 1814. H. U. 1762. Having acquired by mercantile pursuits a competency, he took an" early and active part in the Uevol. struggle; in 1772 represented his native town in the State legisl., and, although one of the youngest members of that body, took a prin- cipal part in the debates ; was placed on the important committee of corresp. ; and was an efficient member of the committee of safety. Placed at the head of a committee for procur- ing supplies, he was the first to pi-opose in the Prov. Congress a law for cncoura;;iTig the fitting-out of armed vessels, and establishing a Court of Admiralty ; and was chairman of the com. app. for its preparation. On tiie estab- lishment of courts by the province in Nov. 1775, the lucrative post of maritime judge was offered to Gerry, who declined it. Feb. 9, 1776, he took his scat in the Continental Congress, in which he continued, with lew intermissions, until Sept. 1785. In 1777 he was app. one of a com. to visit Washington at Valley Forge. The report of that com. had a great effijct upon Congress, and caused more efficient measures to be taken for the relief and support of the army. Up to the time of the organization of the treasury board, in 1780, of which he was made presiding officer, he was generally chair- man of the com. of the treasury ; and in the latter part of 1779 was one of the delegates to Phila. for the purpose of devising some cor- rective for the sad condition of the currency. Displeased with the action of Congress in assess- ing supplies from the several States, Gerry left his seat in Feb. 1780, and returned home, but resumed his post in 1783, and was one of the committee to whom was referred the definitive treaty of peace. Chosen a delegate to the convention which met at Phila. in 1787 to frame the Constitution of the U.S., Gerry was one of those who refused to affi.\ their signa- tures to the instrument adopted. M.C. 1789- 93. In 1797 he was sent on a special mission to France, accorap. by Gen. Pinckney and Mr. Marshall, with the object of preserving peace. In Oct. 1798 Gerry returned home, and be- came the Democ. candidate for gov., and again in 1801, but was not successful until in 1810, after a violent contest. The following year he was reelected, but in 1812 was defeated. In the same year he was chosen vice-pres. of the U. S. Member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. He married Ann, dau. of Charles Thomson, sec. of Congress, who d. New Haven, March 1 7, 1 849, a. 86. — See Memoirs, bij James T. Austin, Boston, 8vo, 1828. Gesner, Abraham, M.D., geologist, b. Cornwallis, N.S., 1797 ; d. Halifax, N.S., Apr. 29, 1864. He studied medicine in Lond., grad- uating M.D. in 1827. His father. Col. C. Gesner, was a loyalist and a refugee. The son early acquired considerable reputation as a naturalist, and was app. by the legisls. of the Lower Provinces of Brit. N.A. to explore and report on their geological resources. His chief works are " On the Mineralogy and Geology of Nova Scotia;" "On the Industrial Resources of Nova Scotia ; " " New Brunswick, with Notes for Emigrants," 1847 ; " Geology of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and P. E. Island ; " " Fisheries of the Provinces," com- pleted just before his death ; and " A Prac- tical Treatise on Coal, Petroleum, and other Distilled Oils." Dr. G. was also a disting. chemist, and patented the discovery of kerosene oil, obtained from a species of bituminous asphaltum, which he was the first to introduce into use in the U S. Getty, George W., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. DC. West Point, 1840. Entering the 4th Art., he became 1st lieut. 31 Oct. 1845; capt. 4 Nov. 18.53; lieut.-col. and A.D C. 28 Sept. 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. 25 Sept. 1862 ; niaj. 5tb Art. 1 Aug. 1863; col. 37th Inf. 28 GEY 358 July, 1866 ; brev. capt 20 Aug. 1847, for Con- treras and Churubusco, Mex. ; en^'aged at Molino del Rev, Chapultepec, and capture of Mexico, 14 Sept. 1847, and in Seminole hos- tilities in Fla. 1849-50 and 1856-7; com. 4 batteries at Yoiktown, Gaines's Mill, and Mal- vern Hill, 1 July, 1862; engaged at South Mountain, Antictam, and Fredericksburg; brev. lieut.-col. 19 Apr. 186.1, for services at siege of Suffolk, Va. ; severely wounded and brev. col. 5 May, 1 864, for battle of Wilder- ness; engaged in the siege of Petersburg; action at Ueam's Station ; Shenandoah cam- paign, Aug.-Dec. 1864; engaged at Opequan, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek, and brev. maj.- gen. vols. 1 Aug. 1864; engaged in the siege of Petersburg, and brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865, for its capture; and was in the battle of Sailor's Creek, and at surrender of Lee at Appomattox, 9 Apr. 1865 ; brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865, for merit, services during the Rebellion. — Ciil/um. Geyer, Henrt Sheffie, jurist, b. Fred- ericktown, Md., Dec. 9, 1790; d. St. Louis, March 5, 1859. He began the practice of law in his native town in 1811 ; was an officer in the war of 1812, after which he settled in St. Louis, then a frontier village. Member of the terr. legisl. of Mo. in 1818; was 5 times elected to the legisl. of the State, and was speaker of the house in the first three gen. assemblies of the State. As one of the revisers of the statutes in 1825, he contrih. largely to the adoption of a code in Mo. superior to' that of any other Western State of that time. In 1850 the post of sec. of war was tendered him by Pres. Fill- more; but he declined it. In 1851-7 he was U.S. senator. Author of " Statutes of Mis- souri," 1818. Gholson, WiLLi.\M Y., jurist, d. Cincin- nati, O., 21 Sept. 1870. Formerly a resident of Mpi. ; many years a successful lawyer in O., having few equals in the State ; and was an effective political speaker. Judge of the Superior Court 1854-9, and of the Supreme Court in 1860-5. Author of " Ohio Digest." Gibbes, Robert Wilson, M.D., physi- cian and author, b. Columbia, S.C, July 8, 1809; d. there Nov. 15, 1866. S.C. Coll. 1827. He studied and practised medicine; was at one time assist, prof of chemistry at S.C. Coll.; was twice mayor of Columbia; and was pres. of the S.C. "Medical Association. He contrib. largely to medical and seientitic jour- nals ; received honorable mention both from Hnmboldi and Audubon ; and bis plates on paleontology and fossil remains were pub. at its own cost by the Smithsonian Institute. He wrote and compiled 3 vols, of" The Document- ary Hist, df S. C." (1764-81), and tor several years edited the Columbia Soutli-Carolinian. At the burning of Columbia in 1865, bis fine man- sion, with its valuable coll. of paintings, fossil remains, and geol. specimens, fell a prey to the flames. He pub. " Memoir of Jas. DeVeaux," 1845 ; " Sketch of Chas. Fra.ser the Artist ; " a "Memoir on Mososaurus," &c.,4to, 1850. In 1842 he pub. in Amer. Journal of Med. Science an article on Pneumonia, which revolutionized its treatment by opposing the use of the lancet. Gibbon, John, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Pa. 1826. West Point, 1847. Entering the 3d Art., he served in the Mexican war ; became 1st lieut. 12 Sept. 1850; assist, in^tr. in art. at West Point in 1854-6; capt. Nov. 2, 1859; brig.-gen. of vols. May 2, 1862, and com. a brigade in King's division of McDowell's army corps. He was highly commended for good conduct in the engagement at Gainesville, Aug. 28 ; took part in the battles of South Moun- tain, Antietam, Chancellorsville; and at Fred- ericksburg led a division in Sedgewiek's corps, and was wounded. He com. the 2d corps, and was severely wounded at Gettysburg, for which he was brevctted col. 4 July, 1863. In the Richmond campaign, he com. a division 2d corps till Jan. 15, 1865, and subsequently of the 24th corps, lieing engaged in battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, To- lopotomy, and Cold Harbor, and operations about Petersburg, June, 1864, to Apr. 1865; maj-gen. vols. 7 June, 1864; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 12 Mar. 1865, for Spottsylvania, and maj.-gen. for the capture of Petersburg, Va. ; col. 36th Inf. 28 July, 1866. He pub. " The Artillerist's Manual," N.Y. 1859. Gibbons, Gen. Edward, b. Eng.; d. Bos- ton, Dec. 9, 1654. He came to Amer. bcf. 1629, was a tnercbant of Boston, a representative in 1638-47, maj.-gen. 1649-51, assist. 1650-51, and capt. of the A. and H. Art. company. He advanced more than 2,500 pounds to La' Tour, secured by mortgage of his fort and lands in Acadia, which he lost on its capture by D'Au- bray. In 1643 he was one of the N. E. com- missioners who formed a confederation, which met annually for many years to consult for tha common peace and prosperity. Gibbs, Alfred, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. April 23, 1823; d. Fort Leavenworth. Ks., Dec. 26, 1868. West Point, 1846. En- tering the mounted rifies, he earned the brevets of lieut. and captain for gallantry at Cerro Gordo, Contreras,«nd Belen Gate; next served in Cal. on the staff of Gen. P. F. Smith, and, in com. of a detachment, greatly distinguished himself in conflict with the Mimbres Apaches, in which he was severely wounded March 9, 1857. Capt. 3d cav. May 13, 1861 ; maj. 7th cav. 28 July, 1866; brig.-gen. vols. 19 Oct. 1864. When the Rebellion broke out, he was serving in Texas, and was taken prisoner. Exchanged in Aug. 1862, he took com. of the 130th N.Y. vols., and served under Sheridan in the latter part of the war, participating in all the battles of the Army of the Potomac. Com. cav. reserve brigade ; brev. major for battle of Trcvillian Station, 11 June, 1864; lieut.-col. for Winchester, 19 Sept. 1864 ; col. for Five Korks, 13 Mar. 1865; maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. — Cultum. Gibbs, George, grandson of Oliver Wol- cott, b. Newtown, LI, 8 July, 1817. H.is pub. " Memoirs of the Administration of Wash- ington and John Adams," edited from the Sapers of Wolcott, 2 vols. 8vo, 1846; "The udieial Chronicle," Camb., 8vo, 1834. — Al- libone. Gibbs, JosiAii WiLLARD, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1853), philologist, b, Salem, Ms., Apr. 30, 1790; d. N. Haven, March 25, 1861. Y. Coll. 1809. Tutor there from 1811 to 1815, and, i.l«]- 359 GIB from 1824 to his d.. prof, of sacred literature. Librarian of Y. Coll. 1824-43. He pub. a translation of Storrs's " Essay on the Hist. Sense of ihe New Test.," 1817, and of Gcsc- nius' " Hebrew Lexicon of the Old Testa- ment," 1824; "Manual Hebrew and Enf;lish Lexicon," abridged from Gesenius, 1828; " Pliilological Studies," 1857; " Latin Analyst," 18.'J8; "Teutonic Etymology," 1860. Author of several sections of Prof. W. C. Fowler's work on the Enjjlish language, and oontrib. to 1861. Gibbs, Sir Samuel, K.C.B., a Brit.maj.- gen. ; killed at the battle of N. Orleans, Jan. 8, 1815. App. ensign 102d Foot, Oct. 1783; lieut.-col. 10th \V. I. regt. 1802 ; brev. col. July, 1810; maj.-gen. June, 1813. He was maileprisoneratOstcndia 1798; com. tlic 11th regt. at the attack of St. Martin's in the cxped. against the Danish and Swedish islands ; the cxpt'd. to Java, and, as second in com., ac- comp. Sir E. raekcnham to N. Orleans in Dec. \8\i. — Phil,/M,t. Gibbs, WiLLi.vM Chaining, gov. R.I. 1S21-4; d. Newport, R.L, 21 Feb. 1871, a. 84. Gibson, Col. George, b. Lancaster, Pa., Oct. 1747; d. Fort Jefferson, Dec. 14, 1791. After receiving an academical education, ho entered a mercantile house in Phila., and made several voyages to the W. Indies as super- cargo. On the breaking-out of the Revol., he raised a company of 100 men at Fort Pitt, and was app. a captain in one of the State regis. His men, known in the army as " Gibson's lambs," were disting. for individual bravery and independence, and, being all sharpshooters, did good service in repelling Lord Dunmoro's attack on Hampton, Oct. 25, 1775. In order to obtain a supply of gunpowder, then alarm- ingly scarce, he undertook a journey to N. Orleans; descended the river with 25 picked men of his corps, with a cargo of flour, osten- Bibly as a trader, and, after various encounters with hostile Indians, succeeded in accomplish- ing his mission. App. to the com. of a Va. regt., he joined Washington shortly before the evacnation of York Island ; was at the battle of Trenton, and in nearly all the principal battles until the close of the campaign of 1778. After the war, he retired to his farm in Cum- berland Co., and held the office of county lieut. until, in 1791, lie was offered by Wash- ington the com. of one of the regts. then rais- ing for St. Clair's exped. In the disastrous battle of the Miami, Nov. 4, 1791, he received a mortal wound at the close of the action. — Hopers. Gibson, Gen. George, son of Col. George, b. Pa. ; d. Washington, D.C., Sept. 21, 18G1. App. capt. 5th Inf. May 3, 1808; major 7th Inf. Nov. 9, 1811 ; lieut.-col. 5th Inf. Aug. 15, 1813, and served through the war of 1812-15; quartermaster-gen. April 29, 1816; assigned to Jackson's division ; commissary- gen. April IS, 1818 ; brev. brig-gen. Apr. 29, 1826 ; brev. maj.-gen. for meritorious conduct in the Mex. war, May 30, 1848. He admin- istered the commissary department over 40 years, to the entire satisfaction of the army. Gibson, Col. James, merchant of Boston, b. Lond. ab. 1700 ; d. ab. 1752. Entering the British army, he served at Barbadoes, where, Oct. 30, 1730, he became possessed, by marriage, of a large plantation in Jamaica; soon after retired from the service, and settled as a mer- chant in Boston. He accomp. the Louisburg exped. in 1745 as a "gentleman volunteer," and superintended the removal of the prisoners to France. In 1748 parliament voted him ^547 15s. to re-iraburse him for expense incurred by him ; but it was never paid. Returning to Boston, he embarked in the W. India trade, and d. while on a visit there. lie pub. " An Account of the Louisburg Exped.," Lond. 1745, which was repub. in Bo.ston in 1847 by a descendant, L. D. Johnson, under the title of " A Boston Merchant of 1745." Gibson, Col. James, b. S. Milford, Sus- sex Co., Del. ; d. Sept. 18, 1814, of a wound received in Brown's sortie from Fort Erie Sept, 17. We»t Point, 1803. Capt. 2 May, 1810 ; assist, inspect.-gen. April 2, 1813 ; inspector-gcn. (rank of col.) July 13,1813; and col. 4th Rifles, Feb. 21, 1814. Participated in the attack on Queenstown Heights, U C, 13 Oct. 1812; and in the campaign on the Niagara frontier of 1814. Gibson, Ges. John, bro. of Col. George, a Revol. officer, b. Lancaster, Pa., Mav 23, 1 740 ; d. Braddock's Field, near Vincenncs, Apr. 10, 1822. After receiving a classical education, ho joined, at the age of 18, Gen. Forbes's exped., which took Fort Du Quesne (Pittsburg). Settling at Fort Pitt as an Indian trader at the peace, he was soon after taken prisoner by the Indians, and was preserved from the flames in which his unfortunate companions perished, by an aged squaw, who adopted him in place of her son, who had been killed in battle. Remaining several years with the Indians, he became familiar with their languaie, manners, customs, and traditions. At the close of hos- tilities, he again settled at Fort Pitt. In 1774 lie acted a conspicuous part in Dunmore's cxped. against the Shawnee towns, partienlariy in negotiating the peace which followed, and restored many ca])tives to their friends. On the breaking-out of the Revol., he was app. to the com. of a continental regt. ; served with the army at New York, and in the retreat through Jersey ; but for the rest of the war com. on the western frontier, a post for which he was peculiarly qualified. In 1788 he was a mem- ber of the Pa. Const. Conv. ; was subsequently a judge of the C.C.P. of Alleghany Co., and also a major-gen. of militia. In 1800 he re- ceived from Pres. Jefferson the app. of see. of the Territory of Ind., which office he held until it became a State, and was acting gov. in 1811-13. — ii'or/e/s. Gibson, John Bannister, LL.D., jurist, b. Carlisle, Pa., Nov. 8, 1780; d. Phila. May 3, 1853. Dick. Coll. 1800. Son of Col. George. He studied law ; was adm. to the bar of ('umberland Co. in 1803 ; pnictised sue cessively in Carlisle and Beaver, Pa., and in Hagerstown, Md. ; was in the legisl. in 1810- 11 ; was in July, 1813, app. Judge of the 11th 360 Dist. ; was promoted to the Supreme Court in 1816 ; ami held the office of chief justice from 1827 to 1851, when the amendment to the Constitution made the judiciary elective; and he was immediately elected to the Supreme Bench hy a larae majority. Gibson, William, M.D. (U. of Edinb. 1809), LL.D., snrgeon and author, b. Balti- more, 1788; d. Savannah, Ga., March 2, 1868. He settled in practice in Baltimore, and was a professor of surg. in the U. of Md. He ren- dered essential service in the riots in Baltimore. Fond of military surgery, he was present at the battles of Corunnaand of Waterloo, where he was slightly wounded. For more than .30 years he filled" the chair of surgery in the U. of Pa., and performed repeatedly all, or nearly all, of the great operations of the profession ; having, in 1S12, taken up the com. iliac artery. He twice successfully performed the Cassarean section upon the same woman. At the age of 70 he retired from practice, and removed to Newport, R.I. Author of " Principles and Practice of Surgery," 1824-5; "Rambles in Europe in 18-39," being sketches of prominent surgeons; and, in 1841, "A Lecture on the Eminent Belgian Surgeons and Physicians." For over 60 years he kept a daily journal. GiddingS, Joshua Reed, statesman, b. Athens, Pa., Oct. 6, 1795; d. Montreal, May 27, 1864. His parents were among the first settlers of Ashtabula Co., 0. In 1812 he en- listed as a substitute for an elder hro.. and was in two severe engagements with the Indians near Sandusky i3ay. He afterward taught school; was ad m. to the bar in 1820; was a member of the legisl. in 1826; and M.C. from 1838 to 1861. An active abolitionist, he sup- ported John Quincy Adams npon the right of petition, and became a prominent champion of the abolition of slavery and the slave-trade in the District of Colu'mbia and the Ter- ritories. Feb. 9, 1841, he delivered his first antislavcry Speech upon the Indian war in Fla., which he contemled was a ijroshivery contest. His resolutions of March 21, 1842, in reference to " The Creole," a vessel, which, while engaged in transporting slaves from Va. to New Orleans, was captured by them, and taken into Nassau, created intense excitement. A resolution censuring the conduct of Mr. GiddingS having been adopted by 125 to 69, ho instantly resigned his seat, but was re- elected hy a large majority. He opposed the annexation of Texas. In 1850 he took a prominent part in opposing the " Compromise Measures," especially the fugitive-slave law; lus also in t" " " Mo. Compi upon the subsequent troubles in Kansas. May 8, 1836, while addressing the house, he sud- denly fell to the fioor in a state of unconscious- ness, from which, however, he soon revived. Jan. 17, 1858, he fell again in the same way, and was compelled, for a time, to be absent from his post. Consul-gen. to Canada from 1861 to his death. In 1843 he wrote a series of political essays signed "Pacificus." A vol. of his speeches was pub. in 1853; in 1858 "The Exiles of Florida;" and in 1864 "A History of the Rebellion, 1861-3." Gignoux, FRAsgois Regis, landscape- painter, b. Lyons, France, 1816 ; studied under Delaroche and Vernet. Came to the U.S. in 1840, settled in N.Y., and was first pres. of the Brooklyn Art Acad. Among his noted pic- tures are " Niagara in Winter," " Virginia in Indian Summer," " Four Seasons in America," " First Snow," " Dismal Swamp," " A Win- ter in Vermont," " Niagara by Moonlight," and " First Snow in the Adirondacks." — Tiicherman. Gifford, Sanford R., landscape-painter, b. Saratoga Co., N.Y. His father is proprietor of extensive ironworks at Hjidson. He stud- ied the elements of his art with John R. Smith in N.Y., and continued his studies in Europe. He did duty with the N.Y. 7th regt. in 1861. His best works are " The Wilderness," " The Coming Rain," " Coming Storm," " Quebec," " Camp of the 7th Regiment," " On the Hud- son," " First Skating of the Season," " Mount Washington," and " Morning in the Moun- tains." — Tiicherman. Gilbert, Sm Humphrey, a disting. Eng- lish navigator, b. Dartmouth, Devonshire, in 1539 ; d. at sea, Sept. 9, 1583. After studying at Eton and Oxford, he embraced the military profession. For his services in Ireland in sup- pressing a rebellion, he was made com.-in-chief and gov. of Munster, and knighted hy the lord- doputy in 1570. He soon afterwards returned to Eng., where he m. a rich heiress. In 1572 he sailed with a re-enforcement of 9 ships for Col. Morgan, who at that time meditated the recovery of Flushing; and, on his return, pub. his " Discourse to prove a Passage by the North- West to Cathaia and the E. Indies." June H, 1578, Gilbert obtained from Queen Elizabeth letters-patent, empowering him to discover and possess any lands in N.A. then unsettled. This was the first colonial charter granted by Eng. He accordingly sailed to Newfoundland in 1579; but a violent storm compelled him to return. June 11, 1583, he sailed a second time with 5 ships, and, landing at Newfoundland, took posses.',ion of the har- bor of St John's. By virtue of his patent, he granted leases to several families ; but, though none of them remained there at that time, they afterwards settled in consequence of these leases: so that Sir Humphrey deserves remem- brance as the real founder of England's Amer- ican possessions. In this exped. his half-bro. Raleigh was a joint adventurer. Aug. 20, 1583, Gilbert put to sea again in a small sloop to explore thecoast : ho then steered homeward ; but his small bark foundered at sea, and all on board perished. Gilbert, Mr. and Mrs. John Gidbs. Mr. G. was b. Boston, 1809. Made bis debut at the Trcmont, Nov. 28, 1828, as Jaffier iu " Venice Preserved ; " and became highly popu- lar in his native city, particjilarly in old men and in the higher walks of comedy. In 1847 he played at tlie Princess's Theatre, Lond. At present (1870), he is acting-maiiaicr of Wal- lack's Theatre, N.Y. Mrs. G., b. Phila. 1801 ; d. N.Y. Apr. 27, 1866. Made her first appear- ance at the Trcmont as Sophie in "Of Age To-morrow." She accomp. her husband to Eng. in 1847. — Brown's Anier. ISlwje. 361 a-iL nisi prius of N.H. Gilbert, Raleigh, a patentee of N. En^., nephew of Sir Walter R. ; com. a vessel in the exped. to settle at the mouth of the Ken- nebec in 1607. Arriving at Monhegan Island, Aug. 11, they built fort St. George at Cape Small Point, now in Phipsburg. George Pop- ham was pros., and Gilbert adm. In the fol- lowing spring, having become by the death of his bro., Sir John Gilbert, heir to his property, he returned to Eng. ; and Mr. Popham having died, and the storehouse being burnt, tlie whole Colony went back with him. Gilchrist, John James, jurist, b. Medford, Ms., Feb. 16, 180a; d. Washington, Apr. 29, 1858. H.U. 1828. Son of Capt. James. He settled as a lawyer in Cliarlestown, N.H. ; be- came disting. ; was in the N. H. legisl. ; was register of probate for Sullivan Co. ; m. a duu. of Gov. Hnbhard; became assoc. in 1840, and in 1848 chief justice of the N.H. Supreme Court, and in 1855 of the U.S. Court of Claims. He was pre-eminent as a. nisi judge. In 1846 he pub. a di; Reports. Giles, Henry, lecturer and author, b. Craanlord, We.\ford, Ireland. Nov. 1, 1809. Educated at the Acad, of Belfast. Though bred in the II. C. Church, he became a Unita- rian, and was pastor in Greenock for 2 years, and in Liverpool for 3 years. In 1840 he came to Amer., where he has lectured and oc- casionally preached. He delivered 4 of the 13 lectures in the celebrated Liverpool controver- sy between the Episcopalians and the Unitari- ans in 1839. He pub. " Lectures and Essays," 2 vols., Boston, 1845; "Christian Thoughts on Life," 1850; and "Illustrations of Genius in some of its Applications to Society and Culture." 1854. He has addressed many lite- rary societies and library associations, and gave one course of lectures before the Lowell Insti- tute in Boston on " The Genius and Writings of Shakspeare." He has resided for several years in Qnincy, Ms. Giles, William Branch, statesman, b. Amelia Co., Va., Aug. 12, 1762 ; d. Richmond, Dec. 4, 18.30. N.J. Coll. 1781. Adm. to the bar, and practised at Petersburg, but ab. 1790 embarked in politics, first as a Federalist, af- terward as a Democrat; M. C. in 1790-8 and 1801-2; U.S. senator from Aug. 1804tol815 ; gov. of Va. 1827-30, and member of the legisl. 1829-30. He separated frotn the Federalists on the question of establishing a US. bank in Dec. 1790. Jan. 23, 1793, he charged Hamil- ton with corruption and peculation. In 1796 he opposed the creation of a navy and the ratifi- cation of Jay's treaty, and the proposed war with France in 1 798. In that year he declined a seat in Congress that he might aid Madison in passing the celebrated resolutions of '93 in the Va. legisl. He was an able debater, supported the administration during the war of 1812-15, and was disting. in the deliberations of the State Const. Conv. of 1829. As a parliament- ary tactician he was unrivalled. He pub. "A Speech ou the Embargo " in 1808 ; " Political Letters to the People of Va." in 1813 ; an in- vective letter against President Monroe, and others to John Marshall and J. Q. Adams. Gillem, Alvan C, brev. inaj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Tenn. West Point, 1851. Entering the 1st Art., he served against the Seminoles in Fla. in 1851-2; capt. 19th Inf. 14 May, 1861, de- clined; capt. and asst. quartcrm. 12 July, 1861; col. lOth Tenn. vols. 13 May, 1862; brig.-gen. vols. 17 Aug. 1863; col. 1st. Cav. 28 July, 1866; brev. maj. 19 Jan. 1862, for Mill Springes, Ky. ; engaged at Shiloh and Corinth; com. brigade in Tenn. 24 Dec. 1862 to 1 June 1863; adj.-gen. State of Tenn. 1863-5; com. exped. to E. Tenn. Aug. 1864 to Mar. 1865, and en- gaged in various afl'airs there ; brev. lieut.-col. 16 Dec. 1864, for action at Marion, Va. ; vice- 5 res. of the convention to ru-organize Tenn. 9 an. 1865; com. cav. division 18 Mar. to July 3, 1865, and in exped. to N.C., participating in action at and capture of Salishurv, N.C., and action near Asheville, 22 Apr. 18(;5 ; com. dist. of Mpi. 1867 ; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865, for merit, services in the Rebellion, and brev. maj.-gen. for battle of Salisbury, Gillespie, William Mitchell, LL.D., author and civil engineer, b. New York, 1816 ; d. there Jan. 1, 1868. Col. Coll. 1834. After having spent about 10 years in Europe, partly in prosecuting his studies, and partly in travel and observation, he was prof, of civil engineer- ing in Un. Coll. 1845-68. He pub. in 1845 an entertaining volume, " Rome as seen by a New- Yorker in 1843-4;" "Roads and IS ail roads, a Manual for Road-Mnking; " "The Philosophy of Mathematics," from the French of Comte, 1857 ; and in 1855 a work on " The Principles and Practice of Land-Surveying." Gillette, Abraham Dunn, pastor of Cal- vary Church, N.Y. Citv, b. Cambridge, N.Y., 1809. Has pub. " History of the 1 1 th Baptist Church, Phila.; " " Memoir of Rev. Daniel H. Gillette ; " " Pastor's Last Gift." Edited " So- cial Hymns" and "Minutes of Phila. Bapt. Assoc. Iron) 1707 to 1807 ." — A lliljoite. Gilliss, James Melvin, capt. U. S. N., astronomer, b. D.C. 1810; d. Washington, D.C, Feb. 9, 1865. Midshipman March 1, 1827; becamecapt. July 16, 1862. Inl838he organized the first working observatorv in tho U.S., and in 1843 pub. the first vol. of " Amer- ican Astronomical Observations." In Sept. 1842 Lieut. Gilliss began the construction of a naval observatory, finished in 1845. Author of " The U.S. Asiron. Exped. to the Southern Hemisphere in 1849-52,"4to. 2 vols. 185.5. He visited Peru in 1858, and Washington Territo- ry in 1860. April 22, 1861, he was put in charge of the National Observatory in place of Maury, which, under his charge, became a first-class institution. Shortly before his death, he made a report upon the parallax of the plan- et Mars. He made valuable improvements in the instruments of astronomical science. GiUis, John P., commo. U.S.N., b. Wil- mington, Del. A resident of Illinois. Mid- shipman Dec. 12, 1825; lieut. Feb. 9, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. Sept. 1867; light-house insp. fourth dist. 1870; had charge of "The Decatur's " boats at the capture of Tuspan ; com. schoon- er " Tampieo " and the flotilla on Alvarado River, and was acting gov. during the Mexi- can war; in Perry's Japan exped. 1853-4; 362 com. steamer " Monticello " in the Hatteras Inlet tight ; com. " The Seminole," and ren- deriid efficient service at capture of Port Royal ; in "The Fernandina" exped. ; in attack on Sewoll's Pnint, M;iv,I862; joined West Gulf siliiiil i'l ■■ I 'i I i-H|)ee ; " com. a division off^ RImI, - I uas retiri-d on account of sitL ■■ I I ii the service. — Hamersli/. Gillmore, i-ibiNCY Adams, brev.maj.-gen. U.S.A., h. Ulack Kivcr. Lorain Co., 0.,Feb. 28, 1823. , West Point (1st in his class), 1849. He entered tlie en!,'r. corps, became 1st lieut. in 1856, capt. Aug. 6, 1861, and raaj. June 1, 1863. From 1849 to 18.i2, he was employed on the fortifications of Hampton Roads, Va., and was then for 4 years assist, instructor of engineering at West Point. In Oct. 1861 he was app. chief engr. of the exped. against the Southern coast under Gen. T. W. Sherman. Ho superintended the construction of the forti- fications at Hilton Head, and planned and ex- ecuted the operations resulting in the capture of Fort Pulaski, Apr. 11, 1862, an account of which he pub. in 1863, 8vo, N.Y. April 28, 1862, he was made brig.-gen. of vols. In Sept. 1862 he was assigned to the com. of the dist. of Western Va. ; com. at the battle of Somerset, Ky., 30 Mar. 1863, and brev. col. U.S.A. for that exploit. June, 1863, he suc- ceeded Gen. Hunter in the command of the dept. of S.C., and was promoted to raaj.-gen. 10 July, 1863. He operated against the de- fences of Charleston harbor, silencing Forts Sumter and Wagner; but the navy failed to take advantage of his successes. In May, 1864, he joined Butler in his disastrous opera- tions up the James River, in com. 10th army corps ; com. the 19th corps, in pursuitof Early, in July, and subsequently com. the dept. of S.C. ; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. for capture of Forts Wagner and Gregg. Author of " Limes, Cements, and Mortars," 1863 ; " Engineer and Art. Operations against Charleston," 1863. — Cullum. Gillon, Commodore Alexavdeb, a naval officer of the Revol., b. Rotterdam, 1 741 ; d. Oct. 1794. He belonged to a wealthy com- mercial fiimily ; was some time a resident of Lond. ; came to Charleston, S.C, in 1766, and became a prosperous merchant. In May, 1777, in an armed ship, he captured 3 British cruisers, boarding them one after the other. App. com- mo. in the navy of S.C. in 1778, he sailed for France, where he hired a frigate, which he named the " South Carolina," in which he took many valuable prizes. With a large fleet, partly Spanish, he com. the exped. which in May, 1782, captured the Bahama Islands. He was a man of engaging person, and great en- terprise. M.C. 1793-4 ; often in State legisl., and member Const. Conv. of S.C. — Johnson's Recoils. Gilman, Caroline, authoress, wife of Eev. Samuel, b. Boston, Oct. 8, 1794; dan. of Samuel Howard of Boston, and was ed- ucated at various schools in Concord, Cam- bridge, and other towns of Ms. At the age of 16 she wrote a poem, " Jephthah's Rash Vow," and soon after " Jairus s Daughter," which was pub. in the iV.^1. Review. In 1819 she m. and removed to Charleston, S.C, where she has since resided. In 1832 she began to edit the Rosebud, a juvenile weekly, afterward named the Southern Rose, containing articles of ranch literary merit. From this she re- printed her " Recollections of a New-England Housekeeper," " Recollections of a Southern Matron ;"Ruth Raymond, or Love's Progress ; " "Poetry of Travelling in the US.," 1838; "Verses of a Lifetime; " " Mrs. Oilman's Gift- Book," and other vols. She has also |iub. " Or- acies from the Poets," 1847 ; and " The Sibyl, or New Oracles from the Poets," 1848. Mis. Gilman has edited the "Letters of Eliza Wil- kinson during the Invasion of Charleston," in Mrs. Ellett's" Women of the Revol." In 1860 she ))ub. a memorial of her husband, entitled " Records of Inscriptions in the Ccmetcrv and Building of the Unitarian Church, Arclid.ile Street, Charleston, S.C, from 1777 to 1860." Her dau., Mrs. Caroline Howard Glover, b. 1823, and educated in Charleston, m. in 1840. Besides contrib. poems and tales to the maga- zines of the South, she pub. in 1858 " Ver- non Grove," a novel, contrib. to the Southern Literary Messenger. Gilman, Chandler Robbins, M.D., phy- sician and author, b. Marietta, 0., Sept. 6, 1802 ; d. Middletown, Ct., Sept. 26, 1865. U. of Pa. 1824. His father and grandfather (Judge Gilman) were among the earliest set- tlers of 0. He studied medicine, and practised many years in N.Y. From 1841 till his d., he was prof, of obstetrics in the Coll. of Physi- cians and Surgeons, N.Y., and, after the death of Dr. Beck, prof, of med. jurisprudence. Early in life, he, with his relative, C. F. Hoff- man, had charge of the Amer. Motithli/. In 1835 he pub. " Legends of a Log-Cabin," rem- iniscences of his Western life, and " Life on the Lakes." He prepared for the press Dr. Beck's " Lectures on Materia Medica;" edited his "Medical Jurisprudence; "wrote "A Sketch of the Life and Character of Dr. J. B. Beck," 1851 ; " The Relations of the Medical to the Legal Profession," 1856; a "Medico Legal Examination of the Case of Charles B. Hun- tington;" "Tracts on Generation;" and numerous contributions to medical maga- zines. Gilman, John Taylor, statesman. Son of Nicholas, b. Exeter, N.H., Dec. 19, 1753 ; d. Sept. 1, 1828. On the morning after the news of the battle of Lexington, he with 100 others marched to Cambridge. Ho was sub- sequently assist, to his father, the treasurer of the State; in Oct. 1780 was a delegate from N.H. to the convention at Hartford to provide for the common defence ; a delegate to the Cont. Congress in 1782-3; State treasurer, 1783-92; gov. 1794 to 1805 and 1813-16, and a State representative in 1810-11. In politics he was a decided Federalist. Under the confed- eration, he, with Irvine and Kean, was a com- missioner to settle the accounts of the different States. Gilman, Nicholas, statesman, son of Nicholas, treas. of N.H.; d. Phila. May 2, 1814, a. 52. He was a delegate from N.H. to the Cont. Congress from 1 786 to 1788 ; and after the adoption of the U.S. Constitution, of which he was one of the framers, was M.C. from GIR 1789 to 1797, anil was a U.S. senator from 180.5 to \SH. — Lanma7i. Oilman, Sa.«uel, D.D. (H.U. 1837), Uni- tarian cler;.''vm:in and scholar, b. Gloucester, Ms., Feb. 16, 1 791 ; d. Kingston, Ms., Feb. 9, 1858. H.U. 1811. He was tutor in mathe- matics at Cambridge from 1817 to 1819, and was pastor of the church in Charleston, S.C, from Dec. 1819 until his death. He contrib. largely to the N. A. Review and other periodi- cals on a wide range of subjects, a vol. of which was pub. in 1856 under the title of "Contributions to Araer. Literature." One of his well-known productions is the " Me- moirs of a N. E. Village Choir," 1829 ; another is " Pleasures and Pains of a Student's Life," 1852. He translated the Satires of Boileau, and pub. some original poems, among them the " History of a Ray of Light," and a poem read before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of H.U. He took a prominent part in Charleston in promoting the temperance cause, as well as the interests of literature. Husband of Caro- line (Howard) Oilman. An interesting biog. sketch of Dr. Oilman is in the Monthly Reli- gious Mwjazine, Boston, Apr. 1858. Gilmer, George R., lawvcrand legislator, b. Wilkes Co., Ga., Apr. II, 1790; d. Lexing- ton, Ga., Nov. 22, 1859. He received an aca- demical education, studied law, and settled in Lexington, Oglethorpe Co., Ga. In 181.3 he served as a lieut. in the Creek war. He was in the State legisl. in 1818-19 and 1824; was gov. in 1829-31 and 1837-9, and, during the latter term, removed the Cherokees from Ga. M.C. from 1821 to 1823, from 1827 to 1829, and from 1833 to 1835, and was for 30 years trustee of the Ga. Coll. Author of a book pub. in 1855 entitled " Georgians," which con- tains much useful and interesting information touching the early settlement of his native State. — Lanman. Gilmer, Thomas W. of Charlottesville, Va., sec. of the U.S. navy ; killed by the ac- cident on board the U.S. steamer " Princeton," Feb. 28, 1844; gov. of Va. 1840-41; M.C. from 1841 to 1843. N.H., April 17, 1867. He was brought up on a farm; at 15 went to Boston, and entered a store ; became interested in railroads, both as a builder and manager; and, through these and his mining-interests, eventually acquired a large fortune. He returned to N.H. in 1843 ; Bupt. of the Manchester and Lawrence R.R. from Aug. 1853 to Dec. 1856, and also of the Concord and other connecting lines until Aug. 1866. State senator in 1858-9 ; pres. of that body in 1859 ; and was gov. of N.H. in 1863- June, 1865. Gilpin, Henry D., lawyer and author, b. Phila 1801; d. there Dee. 29, 1859. U. of Pa. 1819. He studied law, and began practice in Phila. in 1822; was U.S. atty. for his State in 1832; solicitor of the U.S. treasury in 1837 ; and U.S. atty.-gen. in 1840-1. In 1837 he pub. a vol. of reports of cases in the east- ern dist. of Pa., and in 1840 " Opinions of the Attorney-Generals." From 1826 to 1832 he edited "The Atlantic Souvenir," said to be the first American literary annual. He was pres. of the Pa. Acad, of Fine Arts, and vice- pres. of the Hist. Society; contrib. to the lead- ing periodicals of the day ; wrote several of the biographies ot the signers of the Declaration of Independence, beside other biographies, dis- courses, and addresses on various public occa- sions ; and also supervised the publication by Congress of the Madison Papers. — See Me- morial of H. D. Gilpin, 1860. Ginibrede, Thomas, miniature-painter and engraver, and teacher of drawing at West Point from 5 Jan. 1819 to his d. 25 Dec. 1832, b. France, 1781. Girard, Charles, naturalist, b. Mulhouse, France, 1822. In 1809 he was a pupil of Agassii at Neuchatel ; became one of his as- sistants, and came with him to America, re- maining his assist, until 1850, when he went to reside in Washington. He has pub. in the Smithsonian Contributions "Contributions to the Natural History of the Fresh-water Fishes of North America.; " in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila., a memoir on " The Embryonic Development of Planocera Elliptica;" " Herpetoloi,'y of the U.S. E.xpl. Exped. 1838-42," with a fol. atlas; and has .contrib. articles on fishes and reptiles to the reports of Stansbury, Siigreaves, Maury, Gillis of the Mex. boundiiry and Pacific R. R. surveys, and to the proceedings of various scien- tific bodies. One of his latest works is his " Ichlhyological Notices." — A/ipleton. Girard, Stephen, merchant and banker, b. near Bordeaux, France, May 21, 1750; d. Phila. Dec. 26, 1831. He sailed as cabin-boy to the W. Indies and N.Y. ab. 1760; rose to bo master and part owner of a coasting- vessel ; and earned enough to establish himself in business in Phila. in 1769. He traded to the W. Indies until the war, when he opened a grocery and liquor shop, at first in Phila. and afterward at Mount Holly, where he made money out of the American soldiers. In 1780 he resumed his dealings with the W. Indies and N. Orleans; was for a time in partnership with his brother John, but laid the foundation of his wealth by a profitable lease of a range of stores, and by the negro insurrection in St. Domingo. Two of his vessels were then in one of the ports of the island ; and many of the planters placed their treasures in them for safety, but were afterward cut off with their entire families. About $50,000 worth of property, whose own- ers could not be found, thus remained in Mr. Girard's hands. By his remarkable capacity for business and his strictness in money-matters he became one of the richest merchants in the country. During the prevalence of the yellow- fever in Phila. he not only made liberal dona- tions of money, but performed in person the duties of physician and nurse Having in 1812 purchased the building and much of the stock of the old U.S. Bank, ho commenced business as a private banker. During the war of 1812, he took the whole of a govt, loan of $5,000,000. He contrib. liberal.ly to all public improvements, and adorneil the city of Phila. with many handsome buildings. Of his prop- erty, amounting at his death to nearly 9 millions, comparatively little was bequeathed to his rela- tives. Besides large bequ gavi to various public /of Phila., torim- iroveiiient of its streets, buildings, &e., $500,- 000; for the improvement of canal-navigation in Pa., $300,000. His principal bequest was the sum of $2,000,000, besides the residue of a certain portion of his estate, togetlier with a plot of ground in Phila., for the erection and support of a coll. for orphans. It was opened Jan. 1, 184S. The main building is the finest specimen of Greci.in architecture in America. By a provision of his will, no ecclesiastic, mis- sionary, or minister, of any sect whatever, is to hold any connection with the coll., or be adm. to the premises even as a visitor ; but the offi- cers of the institution are required to instruct the pupils in the purest principles of morality, and leave them to adopt their own religious opinions. — See Life bij S. Simpson, 12mo, Phila. 1832. Girardin, L. H., app- prof- of mod. lan- guages of Wm. and Mary Coll. in 1803 ; wrote a continuation of Burke's "Hist, of Virginia." He afterward pub. in the Gleaner, a Richmond periodical, a long Latin poem, "Maiomachia — Sivc Duello." Gird, Henrt H., scholar, b. N.Y. 1801 ; d. N. Orleans, June 1, 1845. West Point, 1822. Assist, instructor inf. tactics at West Point, 1822-i; adj. there 1824-7; resigned Nov. 1829 ; prof, mathematics and nat. philos. La. Coll. 1829-43 ; prcs. of the coll. 1831-42; ia the U.S. mint, N. Orleans, 184.3-5. Gist, MoEDECAi, brig.-gen. Rcvol. armv, b. Baltimore, Md., 1743; d. Charleston, S.C"., Sept. 2, 1792. His ancestors were early emi- grants to Md. He was a merchant at the breaking-out of the Rcvol. ; was capt. of the first corps raised in .Md. ; major, Jan. 1776, of Sniallwood's batt. ; he com. the regt. at the battle of Long Island, Aug. 1776, in the ab- sence of its col. and lieut.-col; promoted to col. in 1777 ; he was in the battle of German- town in Sept. of that year ; was made brig.- gen. in Jan. 1779, and with his brave Mary- landers bore the brunt of the disastrous battle of Camden in 1780. Present at the surrender of Cornwallis. After the war, he resided on his plantation near Charleston. His tall and graceful figure, symmetrical proportions, great strength, and expressive features, liglited bv eyes of singular brightness, indicated the chivalrv of his character. Gladden, Auley H., gen. C.S.A., b. S.C. ; mortally wounded at the battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Slajor in Col. Butler's Pal- metto regt. of S. C. vols, in the Mexican war, and became lieut.-col. and comm.imler of the regt. at Churubusco, where both his superior officers were killed. He was severely wounded in the confi:ct at the Bclen Gate. App. in 1861 brig.-gen. in the Southern army; he was assigned a brigade in Withcrs's division of Bragg's corps ; was wounded on the first day of the battle of Shiloh, and died soon afterward. Gladwin, Henry, a Brit, maj.-gen. ; d. Stubbing, near Chesterfield, Derby, Eng., June 22, 1791. He became a lieut. in the 48th Foot, Aug. 28, 1753; was wounded in the exped. of Braddock, 1755 ; capt. in the 80th, Dec. 25, 1757; major of that regt. June 20, 1739 ; was next dep. adj.-gen. in Amer. (which post he filled until 1780), and served with great dis- tinciiou during the war. His gallant defence of Detroit against Pontiac was rewarded by promotion to lieut.-col. Sept. 17, 1763; col. Aug. 29, 1777; and maj.-gen. Sept. 26, 1782.— O'Callaf/han. Glasson, John J., conimo. U.S.N., b. N.Y. City. Midshipm. Feb. 1.1823; lieut. Feb. 9, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; commo. Sept. 28, 18G6. Served under Com. Porter in the suppression of piracy in the W. Indies in 1823 ; com. schooner " Falcon " at capture of Vera Cruz ; relieved a French vessel, " L'Asie," from peril off the coast of Yucatan ; com. store- ship "Lexington" in Perry's Japan exped. 1833-4; com. Norfolk Navy-Yard, 1864-6. Ret. 1 Oct. 1864. — Hamerslfi. Gleig, George Robert, author and clergyman, b. Stirling, Scotland, 20 Apr. 1796. Son of Bishop G., and educated at Oxford. He entered the British army in 1812; served under Wellington in the Peninsular war, and in America at Baltimore, Washington, andN. Orleans, and was wounded in the battle of Bladensburg. He pub. " Life of the Duke of Wellington," " The Subaltern in America," and " Campaigns of Washington and New Or- leans." He afterward took orders ; was chap- lain of Chelsea Hospital for some time, and was made chaplain-gen. to the forces in 1846. One of the most voluminous authors of the day. Glenn, James, gov. of S.C. from Jan. 1744 to 1755. Near the close of his admin- istration, he concluded a treaty with the Cherokces in their own country, by which a large extent of territory was ceded to the king, contributing greatly to the interest and safety of the colony. He pub. " A Description of S.C." Svo, Lond. 1761. Glentworth, George, physician and surgeon, b. Phila. Julv 22. 1733 ; d. there Nov. 4, 1792. a. of Edinburgh, 1738. He was a surgeon in tlie Brit, army during the last French war in America. In 1777 he relin- quished his extensive practice, and became surgeon of a regt. ; afterward senior surgeon in the Amer. army; and subsequently di- rector-gen. of hospitals for the middle division. Gliddon, George Robixs, arehieologist, b. Devonsliire, Eng., 1809 ; d. Panama, NlG., Nov. 16, 1857. He passed a large part of his life in Egypt, where he succeeded bis father as U.S. consul, exploring the ruins of the country, and made valuable contribs. to learning, both by lectures and publications. After leaving Egypt, he came to the U.S.. and lectured at Boston, New York, and Phila. on Egyptian antiquities. He pub. " An Essay on the Pro- duction of Cotton in the Valley of the Nile ; " " An Appeal to Europe against the Destruction of Egyptian Monuments by Mehemet Ali," 1841 ; " Discoitrses on Egyptian Archaeology," 1841; "Otia ^gypttaca," 1849; "Ancient Egypt," 1830; "Indigenous Races of the Earth," also partly written by Dr. Nott and others, 1857; "Review of the American in Egvpt."froni theiV.y. World, Aug. 6, 1842. One of his latest works was " The Types of Mankind," 1834, which he prepared in COQ- &or) nection with Dr. Nott of Mobile. At the time of his death, he was connected with the Hon- duras Inter-oceanic Railroad Co. Glisson, Oliver S., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Ohio, Jan. 18, 1809. Midshipman Nov. 1, 1826; lieut. Feb. 9, 1837; command. Sept. 14, 18."i5; capt. Julv 16, 1862; commo. Jul/ 25, 1866; rear adni. 6 Julv, 1870. Com. schooner " Reefer," home squadron, during the Mexican war, 1 847 ; steam-frigate " Pow- hatan," E.I. squadron, Japan exped., 185-3-.^; com. steamer " Mount Vernon," N. Atl. block, squad., 1861; steam-sjoop "Iroquois," West Gulf squad., 1852 ; steam-sloop "Mohi- can," I86-J-4; steamer "Santiago do Cuba," 1864-5 ; and in the two attacks on Fort Fisher, Dec. 18fi4 and Jan. 1865; com. naval station, Lfaunio Island. Penn., 1867-70. Ret. Ila ■.hi. Glover, Salem, X..v. 1797. Diminutive iu person, he was active and energetic, ahd possessed considerable military ability. At the outset of the war he raised 1,000 men of Marblehetid, and joined the army at Cambridge, where he was of great service in organizing and disciplining the troops. The rcgt. he com. first numbered the 21st, afterward the I4th, was one of the first raised, as well as one of the best in the Con- tinental army. At the retreat from Long Island, this •' amphibious " rcgt. manned the boats, and brought the entire army off in safety. It also led the advance in crossing the Del. on the memoral)le night before the victory of Trenton. Made brig. -gen. Feb. 21, 1777; joined Schuyler in July ; did good service in the campaign against Burgoyne, and conducted the captive army to Cambridge. He joined Greene's division in N.J. in 1778, and was de- tached to R.I. under Sullivan. Ordered to Ms. in 1780 to superintend the drafts from that State. — See Memoir by William P. Up- ham, Salem, 1863. Goddard, Calvin, judge, b. Shrewsbuiv, Ms., July 17, 1768; d. Norwich, May 2, 1842. Dartni. Coll. 1786. He passed two years as a teacher in the Plainfield Acad ; commenced the practice of law there iu Nov. 1790, and, aided by a commanding person and a graceful elocution, became disting. in his profession. He was often a member of the State legisl. ; was in 1799 and 1800 speaker of the lower house; M.C. 1801-5; member of the Siate council from 1303 to 1815; was States atty. for New London Co. for 5 years; 17 years mayor of Norwich, whither he removed in 1807; member of the Hartlord Convention in 1814; and in 1815-18 was judge of the Su- preme Court of Ct. Goddard, Paul B., M.D., b. Baltimore, Jan. 26, 1811. Wash. Coll. 1828. Authorof " Anatomy, &c., of the Teeth," 4to. 1 844 ; " On the Arteries ; " " On the Nerves ; " editor of "Wilson's Anatomy;" "Wilson's Dis- sector;" " Moreau's Midwifery," 8vo, 1844; " Rieord on Syphilis," 8vo, 1851 ; " The Icono- graphic I^ortion of Riiyer on the Skin," 1845 ; "Ashwellon Diseases of Females," 8vo, 1850. — Allihone. Goddard, Williah, printer, son of Giles G., physician and postmaster at N. London, Ct., b. 1740; d. Providence, R. I., Dec. 23, 1817. Oct. 20, 1762, he established the first printing-press at Providence, where he com- menced the Gazette ; was soon afterwards one of the publishers of the N.Y. Gazelle and Post- B(>ii ; removed to Phila. in 1766, where, with Galloway and Wharton, he pub. the Pennsi/tm- nla Chronicle, and in 1773 wont to Baltiiiiore, and started the Manjland .Iwirnal. He was ac- tive in organizing the ]iost-nffii-e, and was app. by Franklin, in 177."s surveyor of roads, and comptroller. In 1792 he sold his press, and retired to a farm in Johnston, IM., Iiut subse- quently resided in Providence His friend, a portion ( ' He pub. Hist, of the Pa. Chronicle, 1770. — Th. Hist, of Printing. Goddard, William Giles, prof, of mor- al philos. and metaphvs. at Brown U. 1825- 34, and of rhetoric and belles-lettres 1834-42. Editor and prop. R. I. American, 1814-25 ; b. Johnston, R. I, .Jan. 2, 1794; d. Providence, Feb. 16, 1846. Brown U. 1312. Son of Win., editor. He had been a member of the R. I. legisl. His miscellaneous writings were edited and pub. .by his son, F. W. Goddard, 2 vols. 8vo, 1870. Godfrey, Thomas, inventor of the quad- rant coMimonlv called Hadlev's, b. Phila. ; d. Dec. 1749. He was by trade a glazier. By his own unaided cfforts,'he mastered such math- Gen. Charles Lee, bequeathed bin his extensive landed estate in Va. He pub. a vaj', anc light ac wards learned Latin that he mignt acqna himself with the mathematical works in that language. He borrowed Newton's " Princi- pia" of Sec. James Logan, to whom, ab. the year 1730, Godfrey communicated the improve- ment he had made in Davis's quadrant, by which he was so much struck, that in May, 1732, he addressed a letter to Dr. Edmund Halley in Eng., describing fully the construc- tion and uses of Godfrey's instrument. No notice, however, was taken of it by Halley ; and, after an interval of a year and a half, Lo- gan transmitted a copy of the letter, together with Godfrey's account of his invention, to Peter Collinson, engaging him to place them before the Royal Society. This was according- ly done ; but Mr. Hadley, the vice-pres. of the society, had already presented there a paper, datedMay 13, 1731, and inserted in " The Phil- os. Transactions " for that year, describing a reflecting quadrant of the same character, which he claimed as his invention. It was decided that both were entitled to the hon- or of the invention ; and the society sent to Godfrey, as a reward, household furniture to the value of £200, instead of money, on ac- count of his habits of intemperance. Godfrey, Tho.mas, poet, son of the pre- ceding, b. Phila. 1736; d. 26 July, 1763, near Wilmington, N.C. Abandoning'tlie tr.ade of his fiither, as well as that of watchmaking, to which he had been apprenticed, he obtained a lieutenancy in the provincial troops rai.sed in 1 758 for an exped. against Fort Duquesne, and afterward established himself as a factor in N.C. His early productions in the American Magazine, pub. at Phila., manifested considera- GOX> 366 GOI We poetic talent. His principal poem is the " Court of Fancy ; " and, among his minor pieces, his " Epistle from Fort Henry," and several of his pastorals and elegies, evince taste and culture : but his principal claim to distinc- tion is the fact that he was the author of the first American drama, " The Prince of Par- thia," a tragedy. His poetical writings were pub. in Phila. in 1767, with a biog. preface by N. Evans ; also an anonymous critical analysis of the poems, written by Dr. Wra. Smith, 4to, 224 pp. Godman, John D., anatomist and natu- ralist, b. Annapolis, Md., Dec. 2, 1794; d. Germantown, Pa., Apr. 17, 18.30. Losing Ills parents at an early age, he was apprenticed to a |iiinior in B;iltimore. In the autumn of 1SI4 h . iir. 1, I 1- ;i sailor on board the flotil- la I . II , . I ii ^:ipeake Bay. At the close ol til I , i. iiiliLil medicine in Baltimore wiili l-ii. Ij.imJ-c, and was chosen to fill the place of his jireceptor, who was prof, of anat- omy in the U. of Md. while the latter was disabled by sickness. After obtaining his de- cree in Feb. 1818, he practised successively in New Holland, Pa., Anne Arundel Co., Sid., in Baltimore, and Phila. In Oct. 1821, he re- moved to Cincinnati, where he commenced a medical periodical, projected by Dr. Drake, entitled the Western Ciuarterly Reporter, of which 6 nnmbers were issued. In 1822 he settled in Phila. as a physician, and private teacher of anatomy, and was some time assist, editor of Dr. Chapman's Medkaljonmal.. He pill), ill 1826 his popular " Natural History of Aniurifan Quadrupeds," in 3 vols. 8vo. In 182C> lie became prof of anatomy in Kutgers Mc'd. Coll.. N.Y. His practice as a surgeon wa-i extensive, and the coll. flourished ; but, during his second course of lectures, a severe illness obliged him to relinquish his pursuits, and he removed in 1829 to Germantown, Pa., where he d. He wrote the articles on natu- ral hi.story for the Amer. Enci/ctopcedia to the end of the letter C. Contr'ib. to the Amer. Qnai-trrli/ Re.vieio, besides numerous papers in the periodical journals of the day. He pub. " K'anihlcs of a Naturalist," "Account of Ir- reguhirilies of Structure and Morbid Anato- my ; " " Contributions to Physiological and P^'itholou'ical Anatomy;" " Bell's Anatomy," Willi notes ; a translation of Lcvasseiir's " Account of Lafiiyette's Progress through the U.S.;" "Anatomical Investigations," 1824; addresses on various public occasions. — T. G. Ricltnj'dson, in Gross's Mecf, Biog. Godon, Stlvanus W.,rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Pa. June 18, 1809. Midshipm. Mar. 1, 1819; lieut. Dec. 17, 1836; com. Sept. 14, 18.i.i; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. Jan. 2, 18(13; ivar-adm. July 25, 1866. He was at- tached to the bomb brig " Vesuvius " at the siege of Vera Cruz in 1847 ; was executive officer of steamer " Sustjuehanna," E. I. squad., 1 8.^1 1-3 ; com. sloop-of-war "Powhatan" in Dupont's expcd. to Port Royal ; and com. " The Su.squehanna " and the fourth division of Porter's fleet at the two battles of Fort Fisher in Dec. 1804 and Jan. 1865 ; com. S.A. squad., coast of Brazil, 1866-7 ; N.Y. navy-yard, 1868-70; retired 18 June, 1871. — Uamersly. Godwin, Parke, journalist and author, b. Patcrson, N.J., Feb. 2.5, 1816. N.J. Coll. 1834. His father was an officer in tlie war of 1812, and his grandfather a soldier of the Kevol. He studied law, and was adm. to the barof Ky., but did not practise. From 1837 to 1853, excepting one year, ho was the co-iid- jutor of his father-in-law, William C. Bryant, on the Evening Post. In 1843 he issued the Pathfinder, a weekly periodical, discontinued at the end of 3 months. He contrib. many articles to the Democ. Review, in which he first advocated the important reforms afterward carried out in the constitution and code of N.Y. He has translated from the German Zschokke's Tales, and the first part of Goethe's Autobiography. Author of " A Popular View of the Doctrines of Charles Fourier," 1844; " Constructive Democracy ; " " Vala, a My- thological Tale," founded on incidents in the lifeof Jcnnv Lind, 1851 ; and "A Handbook of Universal Biog.," 1851. Editor ot Pulnam's Month!//, to which he contrili. many literary and political articles. The luticr were pub. in 1858 in a separate vol. In 1S6U he |iub. the first vol.of " A History of France," embracing "Ancient Gaul," terminating with the era of Charlemagne. In 1865 he was again assoc. with Mr. Bryant in the editorship of the N.Y. Evening Post. He is understood to be engaged on a book to be entitled " The History and Organization of Labor ; " and another, " The Nineteenth Century, with its Leading Men and Movements." He has also promised a book of travels, " A Winter Harvest," the result of a visit to Europe. Under Mr. Polk's presi- dency he was dep. coll. of New York, but, was subsequently a Republican, serving the party ith tongue and pen. As a political essayist he has attained a high reputation. Icinclc. Gofie, William, maj.-gen. under Crom- well, and a regicide, b. a'b. 1605 ; d. Iladley, Ms., 1679. He was a fervent Puritan, a de- voted adherent of Cromwell, and one of the best officers of the Parliamentary army. He left London before the Restoration, and with his father-in-law. Gen. Whalley, arrived in Boston, July, 1660. Weil received by Gov. Endccott, they resided at Cambridge till Feb. 1661, wlien, learning that they were not in- cluded in the act of indemnity, they removed to N. HaTeii, and were secreted by Dep.- Governor Leet and Mr. Davenport. They afterwards lived in a cave at West Rock, and in tlie neighboring towns, eluding their pursuers by removing from house to house, living in mills, in the clefts of rocks on the sea- shore, and in forest-caves; but in Oct. 1664 removed to Hadley, and were concealed 15 years in the house of Rev. Mr. Russel. When the Indians attacked that town, Sept. 1, 1675, Goffe, placing himself at the head of the towns- people, attacked and repulsed them. He im- mediately disappeared ; and the astonished in- habitants, to whom he was unknown, regarded him as an angel sent for their deliverance. Goicouria, Gen. Do.mingo de, a Cuban revolutionist, b. Cuba, 1799; garroted at Ha- vana, 7 May, 1870. Driven from Cuba nearly thirty years before for bis liberal views, ho GOL 367 GOO made his home in Mpi., whence he co-operated in the fillibustering expeds. of Lopez in 1849- 52 ; that of Quitman, which was abandoned ; and tliat of Walker against Nicaragua. Prom- inent in the late Cuban revol., and manager of expeds. from the U.S., in an evil hour he visited the insurgent camp, was made prisoner, cruelly treated, and executed the next day. Goldsborough, Charles W., gov. of Md. in 1818-19, and M.C. 1805-17; d. Shoal Crock, Md., Dec. 13, lS3i. —Lanman. Goldsborough, Charles W., chief of the bureau of provisions and clothing of the navy dept., b. Cambridge, Md., April 18, 1779 ; d. Wa.sbington, D.C., Dec. 14, 1843. Chief clerk of the navy dept. under Stoddert, Smith, and Hamilton ; succeeded Paulding as sec. of the naval board until separate bureaus were established. Author of "U.S. Naval Chronicle," 8vo, 1824. Goldsborough,JoHNR.,eommo.U.S.N., b. Washington, D.C., July 2, 1808. Midshipm. Nov. 6, 1824; licut. Sept. 6, 1837 ; com. Sept. 14, 18fi.') ; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. April 13, 1867; ret. 2 July, 1870. While in the sloop "Warren," Mediterranean squad., 1824- 30, was engaged against the Greek pirates, capturing, in a launch with 18 men, the pirate schooner " Helene," of 4 guns and 58 men ; at- tached to coast-survey, 1844-.50; sloop " Sarato- ga," E.I. squad. 1851-4 ; com.steamcr " Union," 1861 ; blockading off Charleston, Savannah, and Cape Hatteras, and in Potomac flotilla; captured and sunk the rebel piratical schooner " York," and bombarded a rebel fort off Mathias Point, Potomac River ; com. steamer " Florida," S. Atl. block, squad., 1862 ; steam- frigate " Colorado," W. Gulf block, squad., 1863 ; steam-sloop " Shenandoah," E.I. squad., 1SS6-8. — Uamersly. Goldsborough, Louis Malesherbes, rear-adm. U S.N., b. Washington, D.C., Feb. 18, 1805. Son of Charles W., gov. of Md. Mid.shipm. June 18, 1812; lieut. Jan. 13, 1825. Obtaining leave of absence, he passed some time in study at Paris, and in 1827 joined the " North Carolina," Capt. Rodgers, in the Mediterranean. While cruising in the schoon- er " Porpoise " in the Grecian Archipelago, Lieut. G., with 35 officers and men, in the schooner's boats, captured a pirate vessel, after killing 90 of the pirate crew. In 1833 he re- moved to Fla., taking with him a colony of Germans to cultivate lands belonging to his father-in-law, William Wirt. During the Seminole war he com. a company of mounted vols, and also an armed steamer. Sept. 8, 1841, he was promoted to be commander. He was second in command of the " Ohio " at the bombardment of Vera Cruz ; com. a body of the " Ohio's " crew detailed for shore ser- vice at the taking of Tuspan ; and, after the Mexican war, was senior naval member of the joint commission of army and navy officers to explore California and Oregon, and report on various military matters. Sept. 14, 1855, he became capt. ; supt. U.S. Naval Acad, at Annapolis, 1853-7; in Aug. 1861 he was app. flag-officer, and placed in com. of the N. A. block, squad, in " The Minnesota." With Gen. Burnside, he com. the joint cxped. to the sound.s of N.C., and, for his services in the capture of Roanoke Island, received iho thanks of Congress. He dispersed and de- stroyed the Confederate fleet under Com. Lynch in the N.C. waters. Rear-adm. July 16, 1862; com. European squ.adron, 1865-7.' In 1862 he prepared a code of regulations for the naval service. — Hamersh/. Goldsborough, Robert, atty.-gen. of Md. until 1768; a delegate to the tirst Cont. Congress in 1774-5; d. Cambridge, Md., Dec. 31,1788. Phila. Coll. 1760. Gomara (go-ma'-ra), Francisco Lopez DE, b. Seville, 1510; d. ab. 1560. Author of " Cronica de la Nueva Espafia," 1553, written in concise and elegant language. Gooch, Sir William, gov. of Va. 1727- 49, b. Yarmouth, Eng., Oct. 21, 1681 ; d. Dee. 17, 1751. He was an officer of superior mili- tary talents ; served under Marlborough and in the rebellion of 1715 ; and in 1740 com. in the unsuccessful attack on Carthagena, where his wounds and the climate greatly impaired his health. He was app. a brig.-gen. in 1746 in the army raised for the invasion of Canada, but declined the office ; was the same year created a ban. ; in 1747 a maj.-gen. ; and re- turned to Eng. in Aug. 1749. It was said of him that he was the only gov. abroad against whom inhabitant or merchant never com- plained. — Betham. Goodell, William, D. D. (Ham. Coll. 1854), missionary, b. Templeton, Ms., Feb. 14, 1792 ; d. Phila. 'Feb. IS, 1B67. Dartm. Coll. 1817; And. Theol. Sem. 1820. He labored as a missionary among the Cherokces and Choc- taws ; wasord. Sept. 12, 1822; was stationed at Beirout 5 years, passing through great perils ; removed to Constantinople in 1831, narrowly escaping with life from a great conflagration there; and was obliged, from pestilence, perse- cutions, &c., to pack up and move his residence 33 times in 29 years. In Nov. 1841, be fin- ished translating the Old Testament into the Armeno-Turki.sh language, and the New two years later. He revised this labor, completing it in Feb. 1863, and returned to the U.S. in 1865. His "Reminiscences of the Missiona- ry's Early Life " was pub. in the N.Y. Observer. Goodenow, Johx M., b. Ms. ; d. Steuben- ville, O. An early settler in Jefferson Co., O.; served in the legisl., and held other offices ; M.C. 1829-31 ; judge Supreme Court 1831-2. He had a large practice at the bar. He pub. in 1819 " American Jurisprudence in Contrast with the Doctrine of Eng. Common Law." — A. T. Goodman. Goodhue, Bexjamin, merchant and poli- tician, b. Salem, Ms., Oct. 1, 1748 ; d. there Ju- ly 28, 1814. H. U. 1766. State senator from 1784 to 1789 ; M.C. 1789-91, and, assisted by Mr. Fitzsimraons of Phila., formed a^code of revenue laws, the majority of which have never been abrogated; U.S. senator 1796-1800. Goodrich, Rev. Charles Augustus, au- thor, b. Kidgclield, Ct., 1790; d. Hartford. Ct., Jan. 4, 1862. Yale Coll. 1812. Son of Rev. Samuel, and elder brother of Samuel G., with whom he was associated in preparing his books for the voung. Ord. in 1816, he was pastor of the 1st "Cong. Church, Worcester, in 1816-20, ooo then settlcil in Berlin, and in 1848 at Hartford. He was once a member of tlic State senate. He devoted himself to literary pursuits, wrote " The Lives of the Sij;ncrs," a school " History of the U.S.," "Universal Traveller," and "Biljje History of Praver;" " Familv Tour- ist," 1848; "Great Events of American His- tory;" "View of all Religions," 8vo, 1829 ; " Family Encyclopedia ; " " Outlines of Ge- ography," and " Family Sabbath Day Miscel- lany," 'Svo, IS.'iS. Goodrich, Charles Rcsn, of Flushing, L.I. ; d. 18.55. Y. Cull. 1849. A chemist and naturalist of great attainments; jiuh. "The World of Science, Art, and Industrv, edited l>v B. Silliman and C. R. G. ; " " Practical Science and Mechanism inustrated,"4to, 1834. — ^W- Goodrich, Chauncet Allen, D.D. (Brown U. 18.35), thcolo-ian and lexicogra- pher. Son of Elizur; b.'N. Haven, Oct. 2.3, 1790; d. there Feb. 25, 1860. Y. Coll. 1810. Tutor there 1812-14; studied theology; was settled at Middlotown 1816-17, but leit from ill bcalili. Prof, of rhetoric at Y.C. 1817-39, afterward prof, of the pastoral charge. While tutor, he pub. a Greek grammar, which went through many editions ;" in 1832 his "Latin and Greek Lessons;" in 1829 he established the Christian Quarlerli/ Spectator, of which he was sole editor until about 1836. In 1852 he pnb. a compilation entitled " Select British Eloquence." In 1828 Dr. Noah Webster (his fathcr-in-Iaw) intrusted to him the superintend- ence of the abridgment of his large diction- ary by J. E. Worcester, with discretionary power to conform the orthography more nearly to the common standard. His revised editions of Webster's Dictionaries were issued in 1847, the University edition in 1856, and in 1859 the supplement enriched with an elaborate collec- tion of synonymos. At the time of his death, he was engaged on a radical revision of Web- ster's Dictionary, which was pub. in 1864. He was one of the largest pecuniary benefactors of the theol. dept. of Y. C. In 1 820 he was chosen pres. of Wms. Coll., but declined. A commemorative discourse, by Pres. Woolsey, has been pub. in pamphlet form, N. Haven, 1860. — iJiitfchinrk. Goodrich, Elizur, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1783), clergyman and scholar, b. Wcthersfield, Ct., Oct. 26, 17.34; d. Norfolk, Ct., Nov. 21, 1797. Y.C. 1752, and tutor there in 1755. A descendant of Wra., one of the first settlers of Wethersfield, who came from Watertown about 1636, and d. in 1676. From his ord. in Nov. 1756, till his death, he was minister of the Cong. church in Durham. Fond of mathematics and astronomy, he calculated the eclipses of each successive ye.ar; and, when the aurora bo- realis of. 1780 appeared, he drew up a full and " it. He pub. several ser- Goodrich, Elizur, LL.D. (Y.C. 1830), jurist, b. Durham, March 24, 1761 ; d. New Haven, Nov. 1, 1849. Y C. 1779. Son of the preceding. Was tutor at Yale 2 years ; en- tered on the practice of law in New Haven in 1783; was M.C. 1799-1801; Judge of the County Court 12 years; was a judge of probate 17 years; was 9 vears prof, of law in Y.C, and' mayor of New Haven 1803-22. Prof. Channcey Allen Goodrich was his son. Goodrich, Frank Boot, author, son of S.G.,b. Boston, Dec. 14,1826. H.U. 1845. He corresponded from Paris with the N.Y. Times, under the name of " Dick Tinto," for some years ; and his letters, entitled " Tricolored Sketches of Paris," were pub. N.Y. 1854. He has since pub. the " Court Napoleon, with Portraits of its Beauties, Wits, and Heroines," N.Y. 1837; "Man upon the Sea, or a His- tory of Maritime Adventure, Exploration, and Discovery," Phila. 1858; and an illustrated vol. entitled " Women of Beauty and Hero- ism," N.Y. 1839. Goodrich, Samuel Griswold ("Peter Parley"), author, bro. of Charles Augustus, 1793; N.Y. b. Ridgefield, City, May 9, 1860. He business as a publisher, in Hartford, in 1824, but soon removed to Boston; from 1828 to 1842 he edited "The Token;" from 1827 to 1837 he pub. tales under the name of " Peter Parley." He pub. many vols, of historical and geographical school-books; volumes of poems in 1836 and '51 ; in 1857 " Recollections of a Lifetime, or Men and Things that I have seen; "in 1838 a vol. of counsels to parents, entitled " Fireside Education ; "in 1841 a selec- tion from his contribs. to annuals and maga- zines, entitled " Sketches from a Student's Win- dow ; " " History of all Nations," 2 vols. Svo. He established Merrifs Museum and Parley's Mag., and edited it from 1841 to 1854. Of 170 volumes written or edited by him, 116 of which bear the name of Peter Parley, ah. 7,000,000 copies have been sold. He was at one time in the senate of Ms., and was consul at Parisduring Fillmore's administration. While at Paris, be pub. in French a treatise on Amer. geograpliy and history. On his return, he pre- pared an elaborate illustrated " History of the Animal Kingdom," 2 vols. 1859. He had crossed the Atlantic 16 times. Goodwin, Ichabod, b. S. Berwick, Me., May 25, 1743 ; d. there May 25, 1829. Thos., his grandfather, came over in 1660, and settled in Berwick. His father, Ichabod, b. 1700, was a member of the Gen. Court in 1754, was a capt., and was wounded at Ticonderoga in 1758. Hisson, whoaccomp. him in thisexped., became an active Whig ; was a member of the Prov. Congress in 1775-7; lieut.-col. of Gerrish's York Co. regt., having charge of the Saratoga prisoners ; maj. -gen. of militia, 1783- 1815; member of the Gen. Court in 1792, and sheriff of York Co. 1793-1820. Gov. Ich- abod of N.H. (ISCO-I) is a nephew. Goodwin, Isaac, lawyer, b. Plymouth, Ms., 1786; d. Worcester, Sept. 16, 1832. He studied law in the office of Judge Thomas of Plymouth ; settled first in Sterling, and in 1826 in Worcester. He pnb. " The Town Officer," a work on the duties of sheriffs, coroners, and constables; was a councillor of the Amer. Antiquarian Society, and was well informed in the antiquities of N. England. Anthor of " History of the Town of Sterling." — N.E. Maq. iii.. 349. Goodwin, John Noble, b. S. Berwick, GOO 3G9 G-OR. Me., Oct. 18, 1S24. Dartm. Coll. 1844. Be- gan prat-ticc of law at S. Berwick in 1848; was a State sen-ator in 1854; M.C. 1861-3; chief justice of Arizona Tenitory 1863; gov. from Ang. 1S63 to Sept. 1865 ; its delegate to Conj;rc>s 18G5-7. Goodwin, N.4Th.iniel, genealogist, b. Hartlord, Mar. 5, 1782 ; d. there May 29, 1855. Descended from Ozias, one of the first settlers of H., who d. 1683, a. 87. He was apprenticed to a printer in Albany, and was a teacher and a land-surveyor. At Ilariford he was many years treasurer, judgeofprobate,andclerk; was much employed in the settlement of intestate estates; and was a man of great probity. He pub. an account of the " Descendants of Thos. Olcott," " The Foote Family," and " Genea- lugical Notes of Some of the First Settlers of Ct. and Ms.," 1856, to which a Memoir is pre- fixed. Goodyear, Charles, inventor, b. New Haven, Ct., Dec. 29, 1800 ; d. N.Y. City, July 1, 1860. He attended a public school, and as- sisted his father in the manufacture of hard- ware. His early experiments in the manufac- ture of india-rubber were carried on at New Haven, Roxbury, Lynn, Boston, and Woburn, Ms., and N.Y. City. His first important dis- covery was in 1 836, being a method of treating the surface of native rubber by dipping it into a preparation of nitric acid. This process was used extensively in the manufacture of shoes, until it was superseded by his discovery of the superior method of vulcanization, ab. Jan. 1839. This process soon occupied his whole attention. His patents were more than 60 in number. His first vulcanization patent was issued in France, Apr. 1 6, 1844. He had bef. his death, in an advanced stage of preparation, a vol. upon India-Rubber and Vulcanization. Goodyear obtained the great council medal of the Exhibition of all Nations at Lond. in 1851; the grand medal of the World's Exhibition at Paris, and the ribbon of the Legion of Honor, presented by Napoleon 111. in 1853, returning to the U.S. in 1858. " He lived to see his ma- terial applied to nearly 500 uses, and to give employment in Eng., France, Germany, and the U.S., to 60,000 persons,"— See D. K. Pierce, Trials of an Invenlo,; .V.Y. 1866; Pwtons Famous Afitericans, 1867. Gookin, Daniel, soldier and author, b. Kent, Eng., ab. 1612; d. Cambridge, Ms., Mar. 19, 1687. He came with his father to Va. in 1621. During the terrible Indian massacre of Mar. 1622, Gookin, with 35 men, held his plantation, now Newport News, against the savages. In May, 1644, in conse- quence of his sympathy with the Puritans, he settled in Ms. ; was soon after app. a capt. of militia; member from Cambridge of the house of deputies; speaker in 1651 ; and in 1652 was chosen assist, or magistrate. In 1656 he be- came sujjt. of all the Indians who had submit- ted to the govt, of Ms., and became unpopular for the protection, which, as a magistrate, he extended to the Indians. He visited Eng. in 1 656, and was authorized by Cromwell to invite the people of N. Eng. to colonize Jamaica. He went there again in 1657. Returning in 1660 with the fugitive regicides Gofife and Whalley, he protected them in 1661 ; was one of the licensers of the Cambridge printing- press in 1662; and in 1681 was made m.nj.- gen. of the Colony. He took an active part on the side of the people against the meas- ures which terminated in the withdrawal of the Colonial charter in 1686. He d. so poor, that John Eliot solicited from Robert Boyle a gift of £10 for his widow. His " Historical Collections of the Indians of Ms.," written in 1674, was pub. by the Ms. Hist. So- ciety in 1 792 ; also author of a " Hist, of New England," never pub., the fate of which is uu- Gordon, George Henry, lawyer and sol- dier, b. Chariest., .Ms., 19 July, 1825. West Pt. 1846. Entering the mounted ri9es, he served under Gen. Scott in the Mexican war, and was brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Cerro Gordo, where he was severely wounded. Made 1st lieut. in 1853, he resigned in 1854; entered the Cam- bridge Law School ; was adm. to the bar ; prac- tised in Boston until 1861, when he raised the 2d Ms. vols., was made col., and was made mil- itary gov. of Harper's Ferry. In 1862 he com. a brigade under Gen. Banks, and, for his conduct in the retreat from Stiasburg to Wil- liamsport, was made brig.-gcn. of vols. June 9, 1862. He was at the second battle of Bull Run, and at Antietam fought with his bri-ade in Gen. A. S. Williams's division of Mansfield's corps; engaged in operations ab. Charleston harbor, Aug. 1863 to Apr. 1864; against Mo- bile in Aug. 1864; and brev. maj. -gen. vols. 9 Apr. 1865 for merit, services. Counsellor at law in Boston since 1865; now U.S. collector 7th dist. — Cullum. Gordon, Sir James Alexander, a Brit, adm ; d. gov. of Greenwich Hospital, 8 Jan. 1869, a. 87. Entering the navy in 1793, he became fleet-adm. in 1868; gov. of Gr. Husp. 1853. He was in the battle of the Nile, the battle of Lissa, for which be received a gold medal and a pension ; lost a leg iu the capture of the French frigate " La Pomone ; " in Aug. 1814 com. the squad, which entered the Po;o- mac, and captured Alexandria, D.C. ; and was in the operations against N. Orlcins 1814-15. Gordon, Rev. James Bentley, author of *' An Hist, and Geog. Memoir of tiie N. Amer. Continent, its Nations and Tribes, with an Acct. of his Life, by Thomas Jones," Dub- lin, 4to, 1820. Gordon, Patrick, gov. of Pa. from June, 1726, to bis d. Phila. Aug. 5, 1735, a. 72. He was bred to arms, and served from his youth to near the close of Queen Anne's reign with a high reputation, and was a popular gov. He pub. " Two Indian Treaties at Conestogoe, 1728," Phila. fol. 1728. Gordon, Thomas, b. Pitlochie, Scotland ; d. Amboy, N. J., 1722. He came to N.J. in 16S4,and settled at Scotch Plains. Atty.-gen. of E. Jersey, 1698; chief sec. and register 1702; licensed as an attorney in 1704; rep- resentative and speaker of the assembly ; app. chief justice in 1709 ; and was afterward receiv- er-gen. and treasurer of the Province. — Fieljs's Prov. Courts in N.J. Gordon, Thomas F., histoiical and lesal writer, b. Phila. 1787; d. Beverly, N.J., Jan 17, GOR 370 18G0. Member of the Phila. bar, and author of " A Di','est of the Laws of the U.S. ; " " His- tory of Pa. to 1776," 1829; " History of N.J. to i789," 1834 ; " Historv of America," 1831 ; " Caliinet of American History;" " History of Ancient Mexico," 1832 ; " Gaz. of N.J.," 1834 ; " Gaz. of N.Y.," 8vo, 1835 ; and of Pa. 1839. Gordon, William, DO. (N J. Coll. 1778), clergyman and historian, b. Hitchin, Eng., 1730; d. Ipswich, En;.'., Oct. 19, 1807. He was settled over a lar^e Independent socie- ty at Ipswicli ; afterward at Old Gravel Lane, Wapping ; and came to Amer. in 1770. After preaching a year to the 3d Church in Rox- bury, he was ord. there July 6, 1772. During the Revol. he took an active part in public measures, and, while chaplain to the Prov. Congress of Ms., preached a Fast sermon, strongly expressing his political sentiments. He was dismissed from this post, as the legisl. regarded his prayers as intended rather to dictate their measures than to implore the divine direction on them. Returning to Eng. in 1786, he in 1788 pub. his " History of the Rise, Progress, and Establishment of the In- dependence of the U. S.," in 4 vols. 8vo, a minute and generally faithful narrative of facts. This work produced him 300 pounds. Its value, however, was impaired by the expur- gation of such passages as might endanger prosecution. Subsequently settled a; St. Neot's, Huntingdonshire. The fiiiUire of his mental powers caused his resignation, and removal to his connections at Ipswich. He pub. a plan of a society for making provision for widows by life-annuities, 1772; the first anniversary ser- mon after the Decl. of Indep. July 4, 1777 ; an abridgment of Edwards on " The Affections; " and a number of sermons. — is'ee Wulerhouse's Junius. Gore, Christopher, LL.D. (H.U. 1809), gov. of Ms. in 1809, b. Boston, Sept. 21, 1758 ; d.Waltham, Mar. 1,1827. H.U. 1776. Son of Capt. John Gore. He studied law with Judge Lowell, and soon acquired a lucrative practice. In 1789 he was app. by Washington the first U.S. atty. for the dist. of Ms.; which post he held until 1796, when he, with Wm. Pinckney, was app. commissioner under Jay's treaty to settle the Amer. claims upon Eng. for spolia- tions. Left by Rufus King in 1803 charge d'affaires, he in 1804 returned home. Was a member of both branches of the legisl., and U.S. senator in 1814-17. He made valuable bequests to the Amer. Acad, and the Hist. Soc, of which ho was a member ; and he made Harv. Coll., of which institution he had been a fellow and trustee, his resid. legatee. He was for a time the legal tutor and adviser of Daniel Webster. He pub. a Masonic oration -t 1783. Gorges (gor'-jgz). Sir Ferdinando, of Ashton Phillips, Somerset Co., Eng., lord-pro- prietary of the Province of Me. ; d. at an ad- vanced age in 1647. He participated in the conspiracy of Essex, against whom he tes- tified on his trial in 1601 ; served in the navy during the war with Spain ; and after the peace, in 1604, was app. gov. of Plymouth. In 1606 the London and the Plymouth Com- panies were incorporated, between which was divided the territory extending 50 miles in- land, from the 34th to the 45th parallel N. lat. His portion was styled North Virginia. He sent several unsuccessful expeditions, un- der Capt. John Smith and others, to colonize this territory ; but in 1616 sent Richard Vines with a party, which encamped on the River Saco through the winter; and in 1619-20 Capt. Dermer made the voyage. The Lond. Company, from whom the Pilgrims obtained their original patent, having incurred the re- sentment of the king. Gorges and his associates obtained in 1620 an increase of territory ex- tending westward from sea to sea, between the 40th and 48th parallels N. lat. With John Mason, he took grants of the district called Laconia, bounded by the Merrimac, the Ken- nebec, the ocean, and " the r'ver of Canada ; " and settlements were attempted. His son, Capt. Robert Gorges, was in 1623 app. by the council for N.E. "gen. gov. of the country." This council resigned its charter to the king in 1635. Sir F. obtained from the king a charter constituting him lord-proprietary of the Prov- ince of Maine, with extraordinary govern- mental powers ; and sent his nephew Thomas to be dep.-gov. The province was divided into 2 counties, of which Agamenticus (now York) and Saco were respectively the principal set- tlements. On Gorges's death, the people re- peatedly wrote to his heirs; but, as no answer was received, they formed themselves into a body politic, and submitted to the jurisdiction of Ms. The account of his connection with the settlement of N.E. is contained in the work of his grandson Ferdinando. Gorges, Ferdinando, of Westminster, son of John, and grandson of Sir Ferdinando, b. Loftas, Essex ; d. Jan. 25, 1718, a. 89. He m. Mary, eldest sister of Gov. John Archdale of S. C. He pub. " America Painted to the Life," Lond. 1659. In 1677 he sold to Ms. for 1,2.50 pounds his rights to the Prov. of Me. Gorham, Benjamin, lawyer, b. Charles- town, Ms., Feb. 13, 1775 ; d. Boston, Sept. 27, 1855. H.U. 1795. Son of Nathaniel, pres. of Congress. He studied law with Theophilus Parsons, and rose to eminence at the Boston bar. M.C. 1820-3, 1827-31, and 183.3-5. lie was afterwards, for a short time, member of the State legisl. Gorham, John, M.D., physician, b. Bos- ton, Feb. 24, 1783; d. there March 29, 1829. H.U. 1801. He studied in Edinburgh; was made adjunct prof, of chemistry and materia mcdica at H.U. in 1809; and in 1815 prof, of chemistry and mineralogy. He pub. " Ele- ments of Chemical Science," 2 vols. 8vo, 1819; "Inaug. Address," 1817. Gorham, Nathaniel, statesman, b. Charlestown, Ms., May 27, 1738; d. June 11, 1796. With a com. school education, he set- tled in business in his native town ; was its representative in 1771-5 ; delegate to the Prov. Congress, 1774-5; again a member of tl»e legisl., and a member of the board of war from 1778 until its dissolution; a delegate to the Slate Const. Conv. in 1779; a delegate to the Old Congress in 1782-3 and in 1785-7, and chosen its pres. June 4, 1786; several years a judge of the C.C.P. In the conven- GOR 371 tion which framed the Federal Constitution he took high rank, and, when in com of the wliolc, was called by Washinston to fill the chair for 3 months. He afterward exerted a powerful influence in securing the adoption of the Constitution in the State Convention. In connection with Oliver Phelps, he purchased an immense tract of land on the Genesee River, now comprising 10 or 12 counties in the State of N.Y. Of this tract, his eldest son Nathaniel was a pioneer settler. He d. at Canandaigua, Oct 22, 1826. Gorman, Willis Arnold, lawyer and soldier, b. near Flemingsburg, Ky., Jan. 12, 1814. He studied law, and in 182.5 began practice at Bloomington, Ind. In 18.37-8 he was clerk of the Ind. senate ; was several years in the State legisl., and, on the breaking-out of the Mexican war, became maj. 3d Ind. vols. At Buena Vista he com. an independent batt. In 1847 he raised the 4th Ind. vols., which he com. in several battles; and in 1848 was civil and military gov. of Pnelila. He was a Democ. M.C. in 1849-53 ; and was gov. of Minnesota Terr, in 18.53-7 ; member of its const, conv. in 1857; and practised law at St. Paul until in 1861 chosen col. 1st Minn. vols. App. brig.- gen. Sept. 7, 1861. He was in the battles of Bull's BiuflF and West Point; led a bayonet charge at Fair Oaks, and had a brigade in Howard's division of the 2d corps at Antietam. Gorton, Samuel, the first settler of War- wick, R.I , b. Gorton, Eng., ah. 1600; d. R.I. Nov. or Occ 1677. He had some education, and wiis a clothier in Lond. until 1636, when he embaikcd for Boston, where he remained until religious disputes caused him to remove to Plymouth. He there began to preach such peculiar doctrines, that he was banished from the Colony for heresy in the winter of 1637-8. He then with a few followers went to Aquidneck (R.I.), but was publicly whipped for calling the magistrates "just asses," and for other contemptuous acts, and ah. 1641 was forced to take refuge with Roger Williams at Providence, Becoming obnoxious here by involving him- self in the disputes of the colonists on questions of boundary, he removed in Sept. 1642 to Shaw- omet, on the west side of Narragansett Bay, where he bought land of the sachem Mianto- nomo. In June, 1643, two infcrior sachems contested his claim to the land, and applied to Boston for assistance. Forty soldiers were marched to Shawomet ; and Gorton and 10 of his followers taken prisoners to Boston, Oct. 13, where they were tried as " damnable here- tics," and sentenced to confinement, and hard labor in irons. In March, 1644, they were re- leased, and ordered to leave the colony. Gor- ton went to Eng. for redress, and procured from the Earl of Warwick an order that his people should be allowed peaceable possession of their lands at Shawomet. Returning to his colony in 1643, he named it Warwick. He discharged many important civil offices ; and on Sundays preached to the colonists and In- dians. Samuel, one of his sons, lived to the age of 94. His sect survived him about a century. Gorton pub. " Siinplicitie's Defence against Seven-Headed Policy," a vindication of his course in N.E. 1646 ; " An Incorruptible Key composed of the CX. Psalm," 1647 , " Saltmarsh returned from the Dead," 1655; "An Antidote against the Common Plague of the World," 1657; "Certain Copies of f^etters." &c. He also left in MS. "A Commentary on a Part of the Gospel of St. Matthew." — See his Life, by J. M. Maclcie, in Sparks's Amer. Biotr Gosnold, Bartholomew, an English voyager to Amer. ; d. Va. Aug. 22, 1607. After the failure of Raleigh, in which he was concerned, to colonize Va., he com. an exped., fitted out at the cost of the Earl of South- ampton, for planting a colony in N.E. Mar. 26, 1602, he sailed from Falmouth with one small vessel and 20 colonists. Instead of sailing, as usual, by the Canaries and West In- dies, he steered directly across the Atlantic, reached Ms. Bay 14 May, and landed on Cape Cod, which he named. Sailing around the Cape, and stopping at the island now known as No Man's Land. Gosnold landed at the mouth of Buzzard's Bay, and planted his colony on an island which he christened Eliz- abeth, and now known by its Indian name of Cuttyhunk. The hostility of the Indians, scarcity of provisions, and disputes ab. a divis- ion of profits,.di3Couraged them ; and they re- turned to Eng., where they arrived 23 July, taking a cargo of sassafras-root, then highly esteemed as a medicine, cedar, furs, and other commodities. Gosnold then organized a com- pany for colonization in Va., led by Wing- field, Hunt, and Capt. John Smith. A charter was granted them by James I., Apr. 10, 1606 the first under which the English were planted in Amer. ; and Dec. 19, 1606, he sailed with 3 small vessels and 105 adventurers, only 12 of whom were laborers. After a tedious voyage, they sailed up the James River, which they named after the king ; landed ab. 50 miles above its mouth, and founded Jamestown, notwith- standing the remonstrances of Gosnold on ac- count of its unhealthy situation on low, marshy ground. Sicknessand other causes destroyed 50 of their number before autumn, among them the projector of the colony. Gosse, Philip Henkv, an Eng. zoijiogist, b. Worcester, Apr. 6, 1810. He resided in Newfoundland in 1827-35, occupied in mer- cantile pursuits, and collecting insects, and making colored drawings of them. He re- moved to L. Canada, where he studied ento- mology 3 years, and afterwards travelled in the U.S., making in Alabama numerous draw- ings of its lepidoptera. Returning to Eng. in 1 839, he pub. " The Canadian Naturalist," 1 840. Visiting Jamaica in 1844, he pub. "Birds of Jamaica," and " Naturalist's Sojourn in Jamai- ca; " in 1849 an " Introduction to Zoology ; " " Rambles of a Naturalist on the Devonshire Coast" in 1853; the " Aquarium," 1854 ; the first part of a " Manual of Mosaic Zoiilogy " in 1856; in 1859 "Letters from Alabama," chiefly upon natural history ; and in 1860 "Historyof British Sea-Anemonesand Corals." Chosen a fellow of the Roy. Soc. in 1850. Gottschalk, Lonis Moreau, pianist and composer, b. N. Orleans, 8 May, 1829; d. near Rio Janeiro, Dec. 18, 1869. Sent to Paris for music in 1841, he made his first 372 o-orr appeared pe js4 public appearance as a pianist in Apr. 1845. After several professional tours in Europe, he returned to the U.S. Jan. 185.3; gave his first n N.Y. in Feb. 185.3; and afterward eriodieally there and in other Amer. composed the Bamboula, Boiuvinier, Banjo, and other pianoforte pieces renrcscntin;; Southern life, also the Apoth^ose, Munihe ik Nuit, Chant de Soldat, &c. His style of playiu}; was brilliant in the extreme. He eontrib. to the Athmtic Monthly " Notes of a Pianist." Gouge, William M., editor PA*i. Gazette, author, and for 30 years connected with the treasury dept. Washington, b. Phila. Nov. 10, 1796; d. Trenton, N. J., July 14,1863. He pub. " A Fiscal History of Texas," 8vo, 1852; "History of the Amer. Banking Sys- tem," 1835 ; " Expediency of dispensing with Bank Agency and with Bank Paper," 1837. He edited several journals, and for 30 years ^ , eontrib. articles on banking to various journals. if-td- /t' Gough, John B, lecturer on temperance, ^ • -' b. Sandgate, Kent, Eng., Aug. 22, 1817^ His parents were poor, and he eontrib., by exercis- ing his talent as a reader, to their scanty re- sources. At 12 he came to Amer. as appren- tice to a tradesman, with whom ho settled on a farm in Oneida Co., N.Y. In Dee. 1831 lie obtained employment in N.Y. City as a bookbinder. He soon fell into habits of dissi- pation, and was frequently thrown out of em- ployment. To such degradation did he sink, that, night after night, he sang comic songs, and played the buffoon, to the habitues of the lowest grog-shops, who In return supplied hirn with drink. He m. in 1839, and became a bookbinder on his owu account; but intemper- ance prevented his success. He had suffered from delirium tremens, had lost his wife and child, and was reduced to the utmost misery, when a Quaker invited him in the street to take the temperance pledge. Hiving told his story at a temperance-meeting, he at once became a leading orator in the temperance cause. In 1842 some of his former companions induced him to violate his pledge ; and he confessed the fact !it a public meeting at Worcester. Since 1843 he has labored incessantly in behalf of temperance, with ability and success. In I8.>3 he went to Eng.. spokeand lectured in London and in the principal towns, creating a remark- able impression. His Autobiography and a vol. of his orations were pub. in 1845. A sketch of his life, by Rev. W. Reid, was pub. in 1854. Gould, AtrousTtTS Addison, M.D. (H.U. 1830), naturalist and physician, b. New Ips- wich, N.H., Apr. 23, 1805; d. Boston, Sept. 15, 1866. H.U. 1825. He practised in Boston, lectured frequently on scientific subjects, and for 2 years taught botany and zoology at H.U. In 1855 he delivered the annual dis- course before the Ms. Medical Society, entitled " Search out the Secrets of Nature," and in 1856 became a visiting physieifln to the Ms. Gen. Hospital. Member of many learned so- cieties, and pre-eminent as a conchologist. He pub. a translation of De Lamarc's " Genera of Shells," 1833; "System of Nat. Hist.," 1833; translation of Gall's works; the "In- vertebrate Animals of Ms.," 1841; " Principles of Zoiilogv," 1848 ; " Mollusca and Shells of the U.S. Explor. Exped. under Capt. Wilkes," 18.52 ; the completion of Dr. A. Birney's " Land Mollusks of the U.S.," 1851-5 ; " The Mollusca of the N. Pacific E.xped. under Capts. Ringgold and Rogers;" and numerous articles in medical magazines, the Boston Journal of Nat. Hist., the Amer. Journal of Science, and the Christian Review. In 1863 he pub., under the title Otla Conchologlca, all the original de- scriptions of new species of shells pub. in his various works. He pub. in 1852, in connection with F. Kidder, " A Hist, of N. Ipswich, N.H." Gould, Bexjamis Aptiiorp, Jun., astron- omer, b. Boston, Sept. 27, 1824. H.U. 1844. Gottingen, 1848 ; Assoc. Roy. Astron. Soc. 1854. App. director nf ibe Dudley Observatory 1856. In I s I'l 1„. rstablished the .\slronomlcal .huninl, uhirl, ]•,,■ lus >incc edited. He pub. " The Sul.u I'.uMll ,N ; " " U.S. Naval Astron. Exp.,"4tu, 1S.J7; ■■ History of the Discovery of Planet Neptune,' trib. to scientific joni Gould, EDWAnr b. Litchlield, Ct , M:i Jas. Gould. \V,i- -, sketches to the A World, the .1/., other journals, ami j French works. I 1850 ; and has con- merchant and writer, ISii"*. vSon of Judge !'iili. of tales and 1/-./., to theiVw; / -.-/ World, and tr.iu,l.uorof several 8.3L .le lectured before the N.Y. Mercantile Lib. Assoc, on " American Criticism in American Literature." In 1843 he pub. " Tlie Sleep Rider," also an abridg- ment of Alison's " History of Europe," and in 1850 a comedv, entitled "The Very Age." John W. Gould, bro. of Edward S., b. Nov. 14, 1814, d. at sea Oct. 1, 1838, was also a successful writer of tales and sketches, some of which, entitled " Forecastle Yarns," were pnb. in 1843. A volume also containing these, a biog. sketch, and his private journal of the voyage on which he died, wai^ issued by his brothers for private circulation in 1839. — Dmirklnck. Gould, Hannah Flagg, poetess, b. Lan- caster, Ms., 1789; d. Ncwburyport, Sept. 5, 1865. Dau. of a Revol. soldier, and sister of Benjamin A. Giuild, a merchant of Boston, who d. Oct. 25, 1860. She removed in early life to Newburyport. Volumes of her poems were pub. in 1832, 1836, and 1841, and were much admired. She was afterward a constant contributor to the periodical literature of the day. In 1846 she pub. " Gathered Leaves," a collection of prose articles. "The Diosnia" appeared in 1850, ' The Youth's Coronal " in 1851, and " Hvinns and Poems for Children" in 1854. Gould, James, LL.D. (Y.C. 1819), jurist, b. Branfonl, Ct., 1770; d. Litchfield, May 11, 1838. Y.C. 1791. Ho became disting. in early life as a lawyer; was raised to the office of judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut, from which office he was displaced by the ado|)- tion in 1818 of the new Constitution ; was for 40 years assoe. with Judge Tapping Reeve as a prof, in the Litchfield Law School ; and, after the death of Judge Reeve, continued to conduct the school till within a few years of his death. He pub. " Principles of Pleading in Civil Ac- tions," 1832. 373 G-KA Gould, Nathaniel D., of Boston, b. Bed- fiiij, Ms. His name was oiiginally Duren. He took that of his uncle Gould in 1806. Father of Dr. A. A. Gould. Has pub. " Com- jianion to the Psalmist," " National Church Harmony," " Sab. School Harmony," " Social Harmony," " Sacred Minstrel," " Beauties of \V ri lin^'," " Writing-Master's Assistant," " Pro- gressive Penmanship," " History of Church Music in America," I2mo, 1853. GourgUeS de (deh-goor;;). DOMINIQDE, a celebrated French seaman, b. Mont de Mar- ean ab. 1530; d. 1593, while on a journey to Lond., whither he was invited by Queen Eliza- beth to take com. of an English fleet. Hear- ing of the atrocious massacre by the Spaniards of the French colonists in Florida, he with some assistance equipped a small fleet, and with upwards of 200 followers sailed in 1567 for that country. In conjunction with his Indian allies, he totally defeated the Spaniards, and took a number of prisoners, whom he hanged. The head of Gourgues was demanded by the Spanish king, and he was for a long time con- cealed in France. Gourlay, Robert, Canadian statistician, b. Scotland, 1778 ; d. Edinbureh, 1 Aug. 1863. He came to Canada in July, I8I7. In 18-22 he pub. " A General Introduction to a Statistical Account of Upper Canada, &c." His political principles being obnoxious to the ruling powers of Canada, he was arrested and imprisoned, and finally compelled to retire to the U.S., and afterward to Eng. He played a prominent part in defence of the right of free speech and printing, in opposition to a tyrannical faction in Canada. Gouvion, Jeav Baptiste, a French gen., b. Toul, Jan. 8, 1747; killed June 11, 1792, near Grisnelle, before Maubcnge. Son of a lieut. of police at Toul. Was a lieut. at the military school of Mezieres in 1769, and engi- neerinl77I. Hecameio Amcr. in 1777; served on the staff of Lafayette, whose " military tutor" he was called; was app. major and af- terwards lieut. -col. of engineers forvaluable ser- vices; and received a pension for his conduct at Yorktown. On his return to France in 1783, he was made maVre-de-camp, and in 1787 adj.- gcn. Selected in 1789 by Lafayette for maj.- gen. of the national guard, of which he was commander. He was a dep. in the Nat. As- sembly in 1791-2, and was serving as lieut.- gen. under Lafayette in the Army of the Cen- tre at the time of his death. Graham, David, lawyer of New York ; d. Nice, Italy, May 27, 1852, a. 46. He was skilful in criminal cases, and was a commis- sioner for framing the new code of procedure of N.Y. Author of " Courts of Law and Equity in N.Y.," 8vo, 18.39; "New Trials," 8vo, 1834 ; new ed. by Graham and Waterman, 3 vols. 1856 ; " Practice of the N Y. Supreme Court," 8vo, 1836, 3d ed., 8vo, 1847. Graham, Isabella, philanthropist, b. Lan- arkshire, Scotland, July 29, 1742; d. N.Y. July 27, 1814. Miss Marshall received an ex- cellent education, married Dr. John Graham in 1765, and accompanied him with his regt., first to Fort Niagara, and afterwards to Anti- gua, where he d. in 1774. She returned to Scotland, but in 1789 came to N.Y. and estab- lished a school for the instruction of young ladies, which she continued many years with success. She disting. herself during the latter years of her life by her charities, by encoura- ging the (bunding of charitable societies, and the establishment of benevolent institutions. The most important of them was the Widow's Soc, the Orphan Asylum "Soc, and the Soc. for the Promotion of Industry, and the first Sunday school for ignorant adults. She aided also in organizing the first missionary society and the first monthly missionary prayer-rncet- ing in the city ; was the first pres. of the Mag- dalen Society ; systematically visited the in- mates of the hospital and the sick female convicts in the State Prison ; and distributed Bibles and tracts long before there was a Bible or tract society in N.Y. Memoirs of her life were pub by Dr. Mason. Graham, James Duncan, col. U.S.A., b. Prince Wni. Co., Va., April 4, 1799; d. Boston, Dec. 28, 1865. West Point, 1817. His elder bro.. Col. Wm. M. Graham, fell at Molino del Uey, Mexico. Lieut, of art. July, 1817; asisst. topog. engineer, with rank of capt., Jan. 15, 1829; topog. engineer, rank of major, Sept. 14, 1834; major, July 7, 1838; lieut.-col. 6 Aug. 1861 ; col. eng. corps, I June, 1863. U.S. astronomer in the joint boundary demarcation between the US. and Texas, l"839-40 ; U.S. commiss. for the ex- ploration and survey of the N.E. bound. iry of the U.S. Aug. 1840 to March, 1843; U.S. astronomer in the joint boundary demarcation between the U.S. and Brit. Provinces, April, '43, to Dec. '47 ; for which brev. lieut.-col. Jan. 1, 1847 ; U S. astronomer in the joint hound, com. of U.S. and Mexico, 1851. Author of " Report to Joint Commisfiions of Md., Pa., and Del., relating to Intersection of Boundary- Lines of those States," 1850. Member of nu- merous historical societies, of the Am. Philos. Soc, the Acad, of Natural Sciences, and fellow of the Am. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. Graham, John Andrew, LL.D., advo- cate and author; b. Southbury, Ct., June 10, 1764; d. N.Y. Aug. 29, 1841. Son of Dr. Andrew, Revol. patriot, who d. 1785. He re- moved to Rutland, Vt., immediately on his admission to the Ct. bar in 1785. Sent to England as agent of the diocese to obtain the consecration of Bishop Peters from the English bishops, he was unsuccessful. Returning to Eng. in 1796, he pub. there in 1797 " A De- scriptive Sketch of the Present State of Vt.," and received the degree of LL.D from Aber- deen. From 1805 he resided in N.Y., where he became disting. for his ability in the defence of criminals. A small volume of his ablest speeches was pub. in 1812. Graham, John H., commo. U.S.N , b. Vt. Midshipm. June 18,1812; lieut. Mar. 5, 1817; command. Feb. 28, 1838; capt. Mar. 7, 1849; commodore (retired list) July 16, 1862. Served under Macdonough in his victory on Lake Champlain, Sept. II, 1814. Graham, Gen. Joseph, Revol. soldier, b. Chester Co., Pa., Oct. 13, 1759; d. Lincoln Co., N.C., Nov. 12, 1836. At the age of 7 he accomp. ills widowed mother to N.C. Was GR^ 374 GRA. educated at Charlotte ; enlisted in the 4th N.C. regt. ill May, 1778; was in the battle of Stono in 1779; app. adj. of the Mecklenburg regt. in 1780; and in an action at Charlotte in the autumn of 1780 received 6 sabre and 3 bullet wounds. Recovering, 2 months after he raised a company of mounted riflemen, with whom he defended the passage of Cowans Ford, and performed a series of heroic deeds, commanding in 15 engagements, attaining the rank of major. Elected sheriflTof Mecklenburg after the war ; frequently represented that coun ty in the State senate ; and subsequently engaged in the manuf. of iron in Lincoln County. He com. against the Creek Indians in 1814 with the rank of maj.-gen. His youngest son, Wm. A., was sec. of the navy. Graham, Lawrence Pike, brev. brig.- pen. U.S A., b. Va. Entered 2d dragoons Oct. 13, 18.37; became 1st lieut. Jan. 1839; engaged in battle of Lockahatchee, Fla., in 1842; capt. Aug. 1843; brev. maj. for gallantry at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, May 9, 1846; major, June 4, 1858 ; lieut.-col. 5th cav. Oct. 1, 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. Aug. 31, 1862; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. for gallantry and good conduct during the war ; col. 4ih U.S. cav. May, 1864; and retired 9 May, 1864. Graham, Svlvester, vegetarinn, b. Suf- field, Ct., 1794; d. Northampton, Ms., Sept. 11, 1851. Son of Rev. John ; and in child- hood was extremely feeble. At 19 he became a teacher, continuing until disabled by illness. In 1823 he entered Amh. Coll., intending to enter the ministry ; but, having exhibited great powers of elocution, he was denounced ns a stage-actor and mad enthusiast. In 1826 he m. ; soon after became a preacher in the Presb. church ; was engaged in 1830 ns a temperance lecturer; and studied physiology and anatomy. He pub. in 1832 his " Essay on the Cholera ; " delivered a course of lectures, pub. in 1839, entiiled " Graham Lectures of the Science of Human Life." lie also wrote " Bread and Breadmaking ; " " A Lecture to Young Men on Chastity;" and "The Philosophy of Sacred History," 12mo, only one vol. of which he lived to complete. Graham, William Alexander, states- man. Soil of Gen. Joseph, b. Lincoln Co., N.C. Sept. 5, 1804. He was trained to the law; entered public life in 1833 as a member of the State legisl., of which he was several times elected speaker ; was a U.S. senator in 1841-3; gov. in 1845-9; sec. of the navy under Pres. Fillmore until June, 1852; and subse- quently candidate for the vice-presidency on the tickpt with Gen Scott. Graham, William Montrose, lieut.-col. U.S.A.. b. Prince Wm. Co., Va. ; killed at Molino del Rey, 8 Sept. 1847. West Point, 1817. Maj. 2d Inf. 16 Feb.; lient.-col. 11th Inf. 3 Mar. 1847 ; disting. at Fort King and nt the battle of Onithlacoochie in the Seminole war, and severely wounded ; and in all the principal battles of Mexico; and brev. maj. and lient.-col. Grahame, James, LL.D. (H U. 1839), his- torian, b. Glasgow, Dec. 21, 1790; d. Lond. July 3, 1842. St. John's Coll., Cambridge. lu 1812 was admitted an advocate at the Scottish bar. After 14 years' practice, he sought from ill health a milder climate; settled in the south of Eng., and commenced a History of the U.S. The first two vols appeared in 1827; a new edition, 4 vols. 8vo. in 1836, bring- ing the History to the year 1776 ; but its thor- oughly American spirit interfered with its suc- cess in Eng., and for several years it was little known in the U.S. In 1841 a genial notice of his History, by W. H. Prcscott, appeared in the N. A. Review. A Phila. edition of his work, in 4 vols. 8vo, appeared in 1845; one in 2 vols, in 1846andl848; the former containing a memoir of Grahame by Josiah Qiiincy. Mr. Quincy also pub. a work entitled " The Mem- ory of the Late James Grahame, the Historian of the U.S., vindicated from the Charges of Mr. Bancroft," Svo, Boston, 1846. In 1837 Mr. Grahame undertook to continue the History to the close of the Revol., but was compelled by ill health, toward the close of the year, to ab- stain from literary labor of all kinds. His last work was a pamphlet entitled " Who is to Blame ? or Cursory Review of the American Apology for American Accession to Negro Slavery," Svo, Lond., 1842. Granger, Trancis, politician, b. Suffield, Ct., Due. 1,1792; d. Canandaigua, N Y., Aug. 28, 1868. Y. C. 1811. Son of Gideon, post- mr.-gen. Removing to Canandaigua, where be practised law, he was prominent in the anti-Ma- sonic movement ; and was in 1826-31 a member of the Gen. Assembly of that State; M.C. in 1835-7, 1839-40, from N.Y. ; app. in Mar. 1841 U.S. postmaster-general. 'This position he re- signed in July, 1841. on Mr. Tyler's action re- specting the U.S. Bank ; deleg. to the Peace Convention in Feb. 1861 ; and took an active part in the effort to avert the Rebellion. Granger, Gideon, lawyer and politician, /ti.ct* b. Sufficld, Ct., July 19, 1767; d. Canandai- ' — gua, N.Y., Dec. 31, 1822. Y.C. 1787. Adm. ^ . Ohio, ab. 1817. West Point, 1838. Entering the 1st Inf., was assist, instructor in inf. tactics at West Point from July, 1843, to Aug. 1844 ; capt. 8 Sept. 1847 ; major Sept. 9, 1861, and brig.-gen. vols. Oct. 20, 1862. He served with distinction in Ky. ; was brev. col. 9 Oct. 1862, for the battle "of Lawreneeburg, Ky. ; joined the Army of the Cumberland in Jan. 1863 ; was assigned to Northern Ala. June 1, 1864 ; defeated Hood at Decatur, Oct. 27, and earned the brevet of maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. He captured Gen. Roddy's camp near Courtland, Julv, 1864, and expelled the rebel Wheeler from Middle Tenn., Aug.-Sept. 1864 ; lieut.-col. 1 6th Inf. 12 June, 1865. — VulJum. Grant, Anne, of Laggan, authoress, b. Glasgow, Scotland, 21 Feb. 1755; d. Edin- burgh, 7 Nov. 1838. Capt. McVicar, her father, took her while an infant to America, where she remained till 1768, and, by her intelli- gence and conversational powers, obtained the friendship of Madam Schuyler and oti>er emi- nent inhabitants of New York. In 1779 she m. Rev. Mr. Grant of Laggan, by whose d. in 1801 she was left with the care of a nu- merous family. Taking up her pen as a sup- port, she pub. " Memoirs of an American Lady," 2 vols. 1808, a faithful picture of Colo- nial manners and scenery; "Letters from the Mountains," 3 vols. 1808 ; and " Essays on the Superstitions of the Highlands of Scotland," 2 v(,ls. 1811. Grant, Jvmes, of Ballendalloch, a British ^pr. 13, 1806. Highlanders i 1757. In Sept. 1758, Maj. Grant marched with 800 men to reconnoitre Fort Duquesne ; was surprised and defeated, and with 19 other officers made prisoner. App. gov. of East Florida in 1760, and lieut.-col, 40th Foot; eol. May 25, 1772; maj.-gen. 1777; lieut.-gen. Nov. 1782; gen. May, 1796. In May, 1761, he led the e\ped. against the Cherokees, defeating them in a severe bat- tle at Etchoe. At the battle of Long Island, Aug. 1776, liecom. the 4th and 6ih brigades of the British army. In Dec. 1776 Howe gave him the com. in N.J. at a most critical period : the American victories at Trenton and Prince- ton immcdiiitely followed. In 1777 he com. the 2d brigade of Howe's army; led the 1st and 2d at the Brandy wine; and atGermantown, Oct. 4, forced the left of the American army lo give way. In May, 1778, he was detached with a strong force to cut off Lafayette on the S 'huylkill, butwas unsuccessful. He defeated Lee at Monmouth, and Nov. 4 sailed in com- mand of the troops sent against the French W. Indies. In Dec. he took St. Lucia; and in 1791 was made gov. of Stirling Castle. Many years amember of parliament, where, before the Revol., he made the boast that he would lead a British regt. from one end of the Colonies to the other, the Americans were such cowards. Late in life he was a notorious gourmand, requiring his cook to sleep in the same room with him. Grant, Ulysses Simpson, Prcs. of the U.S., b. Point Pleasant, Ohio, Apr. 27, 1822. West Point, 1843. Son of Jesse R. and Han- (X ■ nah Simpson Grain of Pa. Entering the 4th j Inf , he joined Taylor on the Rio Grande in ^'^ 1846, and was in the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca dela Palma, and Monterey. Subsequently join- ing Scott before Vera Cruz, Grant took part in every engagement fought between that city and Mexico, receiving brevets of 1st lieut. and capt. for meritorious conduct at Molino del Rcy and Chapultepec. Made capt. 5 Aug. 1853, while serving in Oregon ; he resigned .31 July, 1854, and settled in St. Louis. In 1859 he removed to Galena, 111., where he was en- gaged in commercial pursuits when the civil war began. He was one of the first to offer his services to his country, and as col. of the 2 1 St 111. vols, served actively in Mo. Made brig. -gen. May 17, 1861, he was in Aug. as- signed to the com. at Cairo. He at once oc- cupied Paducah, Ky. ; and at Belmont broke up the enemy's camp, opposite his stronghold at Columbus. In Feb. 1862 he received com. of the land-force destined to attack Fort Hen- ry on the Tenn. River. Too late to participate in its reduction, he immediately moved upon Fort Donelson. For his conduct at the siege and capture of this post, he was promoted to maj.-gen. Feb. 16. He advanced to Pittsburg Landing, where, while awaiting the arrival of BucU with re-enfbrcements, he was attacked on the morning of Apr. 6 by Gens. A. S. John- ston and Beauregard. After an obstinately- contested battle. Grant was driven back toward the river, where, by massing his artillery, and with the aid of the gunboats, he made asuccess- ful stand. Rc-enloreements arrived during the night, the battle was renewed next day, and the confederates repulsed withtgreat slaughter. He was afterward second in com. to Gen. Hal- leck. In Sept. 1862 he was app. to the com. of West Tenn., and fixed his headquarters at Jackson. His force there constituted the 13th army corps. He com. at luka, 19 Sept. 1862 ; in the Vicksburg campaign, Nov. 4, 1862, to July 18, 1863; and maile maj.-gen. U.S.A. 4 July, 1863, the date of the capture of Vicks- burg with its garrison of 31,500; com. the division of the Mpi. 16 Oct. to 2 Mar. 1864, when made lieut.-gen. for the Chattanooga campaign; gen.-in-chief. Mar. 17, 1864 ; in the Richmond campaign. May 4, 1864, to Apr. 9, 1865, the date of Lee's surrender; gen. U.S.A. 25 July, 1866 ; see. of war ad interim 12 Aug. 1867 to Feb._1868; inaug. President 4 Mar. 1869. Grant's most brilliant campaign was that in which, throwing himself upon the rear of Vicksburg, he defeated in detail the armies of Johnston and Pemberton, and, cooping up the latter in Vicksburg, caused its speedy sur- render. At Mission. Ridge, 25 Nov. 1863, he won a splendid victory over Bragg's army, re- ceiving therefor the thanks of Congress, 17 Dee., also a gold medal. — See Badeaus Milil. Bint, of Gen. Grant ; Lives of Grant, bi/ C. A. Phelps, A. D. Richardson, and II. Coppie; and Men of Our Times, bt/ Mrs. H. B. Stowe. GrRA. 376 Grasse, Tilly (de gias), Frani^ois Jo- seph Paul, Cointe de, a French adm., b. Pro- vence, 1723; d. Jan. 11, 1788. At 15 he en- tered the navy. In 1742, while lieiit. of a frifjute, he was captured by a British ship, and confined in Eng. until exchanged. He served under La Galissoniere during tlie 7-years' war, and assisted at the tal;ing of Minorca ; was en- gaged under D'Ache in the tliree actions with Pococke in the E. Indies ; and towards the end of the war he was made a capt. When France came to the assistance of America in her .struggle for liberty, De Grasse was made a rcar-adm., and com. the second division under D'Orvilliers in the action of July 27, 1778. He subsequently served with La Motte Picquet and De Guichen ; and in the engagement of May 18, 1780, displayed great skill and enter- prise. Raised at length to the chief com., he assisted at the capture of Tobago, Sept. 1781, and sailed immediately to Amer., the great ob- ject of his exped. His conduct off the Chesa- peake, in the action with Adm. Graves, and in the capture of Yorktown, procured for hini the thanks of Congress (28 Oct.), and a present of i pieces of cannon taken at Yorktown, and gained him laurels at home. His subse- quent services were great ; his action with Sir Samuel Hood evinced the greatest address and skill ; and the assistance rendered by him to llie enterprising Bouille deprived Britain of many of her valuable possessions in tlie W. Indies. The action of the 12th of Apr. 1782, in which lie suffered a complete defeat by the 6u]ierior force of Rodney, finished his naval career. Chef d'escadre, 1779. Gratiot, Charles, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Mo. 1788; d. St. Louis, 18 May, 1855. West Point, 1806. Entering the engineer corps, he was app. capt. 2.3 Feb. 1808; chief engineerof Harrison's army in 1813 and 1814; brev. col. Mich, militia, Oct. 5, 1814 ; engaged in the defence of Fort INIeigs, Apr .-May, 1813 ; and attack on Fort Mackinac, 4 Aug. 1814; maj. Feb. 9, 1815; lieut.-col. Mar. .31, 1819; col. and principal engr. May 24, 1828 ; brevet brig.-gen. May 24, 1828; "dismissed Dec. 6, 1838 ; inspector Military Academy, May, 1828, to Dec. 1838. Grattan, Thomas Collet, novelist, b. Dublin, 1796; d. Lond. 4 July, 1864. He studied law. Commenced authorship in 1819 with "Philibert," a poetical romance; removed to Paris ; contrib. to the Edinb. Review and to the A''. MoHtkly Mag. ; was consul to Ms. in 1839-53; and besides novels, and histories of Switzerland and the Netherlands, wrote " Civ- ilized America," 2 vols. 1859, a bitterly abusive book ; " England and the Disrupted States of Amer." 1861 ; and a dratna, " The Woman of Color." Graves, Thomas, rear-adm., b. Ratcliff, Eng., 6 June, 1605; d. Charlestown, Ms., 31 July, 1653. He was in 1632-5 master of sev- eral ships sailing between Eng. and this coun- try, and with his wife, Catharine Coytmore, was adm. to the church at Charlestown 7 Oct. 1639. In 1643 he was master of "The Tryal," the first ship built in Boston ; and for the capture of a Dutch privateer in the English Channel, during Cromwell's protec- torate, was given the com. of a ship-ofwar, and made a rcar-adm., the owners of his ship presenting him with a silver cup. — Sew- all's (rolwn. Graves, Thomas, Lord, a Brit, adm., b. 1725; d. Jan. 31, 1802. After having succes- sively served on various important occasions un- der Hawke, Anson, and other disting. admirals, he obtained in 1759 the com. of "The Uni- corn " frigate, from which in 1761 he was re- moved to "The Antelope "on iheN. Amer. sta- tion, and app. gov. of Newfoundland, in which capacity he acted with such promptitude, pru- dence, and energy, on the capture of St. John's by a French squad, in 1762, that the place was speedily retaken. In 1779 he became rear- admiral of the Blue; in 1780 he sailed to Amer. with a re-enforcement of 6 ships-of-the- line for Adm. Arbuthnot ; Sept. 26 he was made rear-adm. of the Red ; and in July, 1781, on Arbuthnot's return to Eng., he took the chief com. on the Amer. station. Sept. 5, he came to a partial engagement with De Grasse, which resulted in disabling many of the Eng. ships. He became second in com. under Lord Howe in the engagement, June I, 1795; and as a reward for his conduct in this battle, dur- ing which he received a wound, he was raised to an Irish peerage ; adm. of the White, June 1, 1795. Gray, Alonzo, LL.D., chemist, b. Town- send, Vt., 1808; d. Brooklvn, N.Y., Mar. 10, 1860. Amh. Coll. 1834. Prof of chem. and nat. philos. And. Acad. 1837-43; prof chem. Mar. Coll. ; prin. Brooklyn Heights Fem. Sem. Author of" Elements of Chemistry," 40th ed. 12mo, 1853; "Elements of Scientific and Practical Agriculture," 12mo, 1842; "Ele- ments of Natural Philos," 12mo, 1851. In conjunction with C. B. Adams, " Elements of Geology," 12mo, 1852. Gray, Asa, botanist, b. Paris, N.Y., Nov. IS, 1810. Grad. M.D. at the Fairfield Med. Coll. in 1831. Since 1842 he has been Fisher Prof of nat. hist, in H.U. His elementary works, " Elements of Botany," 1836, and especially his later series, " How Plants Grow," " Botany for Young People," " Lessons in Botany," and " Structural and Systematic Bot- any," 1858, " are unsurpassed in the lantjuage for precision, simplicity, perspicuity, and com- prehensiveness." He has contrib. much to the principal scientific journals and academical memoirs of the day. Dr. Gray, with Dr. John Torrey, commenced in 1838 the pub. of "A Flora of N. America," but discontinued it. They described in the govt, reports the botani- cal treasures of the govt, expcds. to the Pacific coast. In 1848 Dr. Gray began his " Genera of the Plants of the U.S." and the "Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States," and in 1854 pub. the first vol. of " The Botany of the U.S. Pacific Exploring E.xped. under Capt. Wilkes." Prof Gray has delivered three courses of Lowell Institute Lectures in Bo.-^ton. LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1860). Gray, Francis Calley, LL.D. (H.U. 1841), b. Salem, Ms., Sept. 19, 1790; d. Bos- ton, Dec. 29, 1856. H. U. 1809. Son of Lieut.-Gov. William. He was educated to the law; was private sec. to J. Q. Adams while 377 GRA mini>ter to Russia ; was frequently in the le^isl., and a member of the exec, council in 1839 ; corresp. ecc. of tlie Acad, of Arts and Sciences ; and a member of many literary bodies. An elegant and accomplished writer, he was an early contrib. to the N.A. Review; edited several vols, of the CoUs.of the Ms. Hist. Soc. ; pub. a pamphlet entitled " Remarks on the Early Laws of Ms. Bay," and in 1848 one on " Prison Discipline," taking strong ground against the separate or solitary system of impris- onment. He bequeathed $50,000 for the estab- lishment and maintenance of a museum of com- parative zoology in connection with H.U. The building was dedicated Nov. 1859. He deliv- ered, besides other addresses, an Oration before the town-authorities of Boston, July 4, 1818; a Discourse at I'lyrnoiitli, .M<., on the 19'Jlh anniv. of the lamliJi;,' of tlie I'ilgrims, Dec. 22, 1819; Oration liclore the .\Is. legist, on the 100th anniv. of the birth of Washington, Feb. 22, 1832. of Daniel Huutington in 1838; went to Eu- rope in 1839, returning in 1843; and, after another absence abroad in 1845-6, established himself in N.Y. Among his pictures are, "Roman Girl," "Billet-Dunx," " Tnching a Child to Prav," " Pros.riiii.e :in^l Il.uchus," "Cupi.l beg-'ing his A.r..w-.' ■■\V,i_.s of War," "Apple of Discord, ' " l;lrs„M .uc the Pure in Heart," an illustrai'uu of living's " Pride of the Village," " Hagar and tlie Angel," " Susannah," " Truth," " Greek Lovers," and " Twilight-Musings." Hchasalso painted more than 250 portraits. — Taclcermun. Gray, Capt. Rouekt, discoverer of the Columbia River, b. Tiverton, R.I., 1755 ; d. Charleston, S.C, 1806. Sept. 30, 1787, the ship " Columbia," Capt. John Kendrick, and the sloop " Washington," Capt. Gray, sailed from Boston to trade with the natives of the N. W. coast. They were fitted out by Joseph Barrel!, Samuel Brown, Charles Bulfinch, John Derby, Crowel Hatch, and J. M. Pin- tard, Boston merchants ; and took for dis- tribution among the natives coins struck for the purpose, bearing on one side a ship and a sloop under .sail, with the words "Columbia" and " Washington, com. by John Kendrick ; " and on the reverse, " fitted out at Boston, N. America, for the Pacific Ocean, by," encircling the names of the proprietors. Returning in 1790 in the "Columbia," via Canton, Gray was the first to carry the Amer. flag round the globe. Gray made a second voyage, and May U, 1791, in'lat. 46° 10', discovered the mouth of the great river, to wliich was given the name of his ship. He afterward com. trading-ves- sels from Boston until his death. Gray, William, an eminent merchant, b. Lynn, Ms., June 27, 1750 ; d. Boston, Nov. 4, 1825. Apprcnticcdin youth to a merchant at Salem, he was afterward in the employ of Richard Derby. Beginning business for him- self, he amassed great wealth, having at one time more than 60 sail of square-rigged vessels on the ocean. A Democrat in politics, he evinced his sincerity by taking side with Jef- ferson during the embargo, notwithstanding its unpopularity in N. England, and its pecu- niary injury to his business. Removing to Boston, he was lieut.-gov. of Ms. in 1810, hav- ing previously been a State senator. Graydon, Alexander, author, b. Bristol, Pa., April 10, 1752; d. Phila. May 2, 1818. Educated at Phila. He began to study law, but in 1775 entered the patriot army as capt.; joined the army at N.Y.,and was made prisoner in the action on Harlem Heights. He was con- fined in New York and at Flatbush, and was exchanged in 1778; prothonotary of Dauphin Co., and lived at Harrisburg from 1785 to 1799, when he removed to a farm near that citv, from which he returned to Phila. in 1816. in 1811 he pub. his Memoirs, an entertaining and well-written work illustrative of Revol. man- ners and history ; it was repub. in Phila. in 1846, with annotations by J. S. Littell. Gray- don contrib. to the Portfolio in 1813 and '14 a series of papers entitled " Notes of a Desul- tory Reader." Grayson, John Breckenridge, gen. C.S.A., b. Ky. 18U7; d. 1862. West Point, 1826. Entered the artillery, but was app. assist, commis. Aug. 1834; in Seminole Indian war of 1835-6; commis. (rank capt.) 7 July, 1838; capt. U Dec. 1838; chief of commis- sariat of Scott's army in Mexico, 1847-8 ; brev. major for gallantry at Contreras and Churu- busco, Aug. 20, 1847 ; brev. lieut.-col. for Chapultepec. Sept. 13, 1847; commis. (rank of major) Oct. 21, 1852; resigned July 1, 1861, and app. a brig.-gen. in Confed. army. Grayson, William, soldier and states- man, h. Prince William Co., Va.; d. at Dum- fries, Mar. 12, 1790. U. of Oxford. Studied law at the Temple, Lond., and settled in Dum- fries ; app. aide-de-camp to Washington, Aug. 24, 1776; col.ofa Va. regt. Jan. 1, 1777 ; com- missioner on the board of war in 1780-81 ; a commissioner to treat with Sir William Howe respecting prisoners while the army was at Valley Forge; and at Monmouth com. his regt., behaving with valor; M.C. in 1784-7; member Va. convention of 1788, called to con- sider the Federal Constitution ; was, like Pat- rick Henry, its zealous opponent ; and was in 1789 one of the first U.S. senators from Va. — Loisinr]. Grayson, William, Democ. politician of Md., gov. in 1838-Jl, b. Md. 1786; d. Queen Anne's Co. July 9, 1868. He w.is a planter; served with distinction in both houses of the Md. assembly, and took a prominent part in the successful struggle to obtain a new and more liberal constitution for the State in 1838. Grayson, William J., son of William, lawyer and author, b. Beaufort, S.C, Nov. 1788; d. Newbern, Oct. 4, 1863. S.C. Coll. 1809. He was bred to the legal profession ; was a commissioner in equity of S.C. ; and a nieinber of the State legisl. 1813. In 1831 he was a State senator, and, while opposing the tariff act, was not disposed to push the collision to the extreme of civil war. M.C. in 1833-7, and in 1841 was app. by President Taylor col- lector of customs at Charleston. Afterward a planter. During the secession agitation of 1850, he pub. a " Letter to Gov. Seabrook," deprecating disunion, and pointing out the GrRE 378 GRE evils which would follow it. Was a contrib. to the Southern Review. He pub. " The Hire- ling' and the Slave," 1856 ; " Cliicora anil other Poems;" a poem entitled "The Country;" and is supposed to be the author of a narrative poem eiiiiiied "Marion." GreathOUSe, Lucien, brig.-j^en. U. S. vols., h. Carlinsville, 111., 1843; d. of wounds in battle ne^ir Atlanta, Ga., July 21, 1S64. Bluomington Coll. He practised law ; entered the army a private ; passed through every iu- term. grade to that of col. 48tli Ills, regt., and bore a conspicuous part in the achievements of the Army of the Tenn. ; brig.-gen. July, 1864. Greaton, Johm, brig.-gen. Revol. armv, b. Uo.\hury, Ms., Mar. 10, 1741 ; d. there Feb. 1784. IJcfore the war, he was an innkeeper and an officer ot militia in Roxburv ; col. 24th rcgt.JulvIS, 1775; col. 36th, Oct."l775; after- ward col. 3(1 Ms. on the Continental esialjli>h- nient. During the siege of Boston, he led an exped. which destroyed the buildings on Long Island in Boston harbor. Apr. 15, 1776, he was ordered to Canada ; Dec. 7, 1776, he joined Washington in N.J. ; and was afterward in Heath's division at West Point ; app. by Con- gress brig.-gen. Jan. 7, 1783. Greeley, Horace, a leading journalist, b. Amiicrst, N.H., 3 Feb. 1811. Son of a poor fartner, who in 1821 moved to Vt. He at- tended a coin, school ; evinced great fondness for reading ; and learned the j>rinter's tratle at Poultiicv, Vt., in 1826-3U. After working a few months as a printer in Erie. Fa., be went in Aug. 1831 to N.Y. Citv, where he worked at his trade. 1 Jan. 1833. in partnership with Francis Story, he began the Aforning Post, the fii>t penny daily ever published, soon discon- tinued. In Mar. 18.34. with Jonas Winchester, he founded the New-Yorker, a literary weekly, neutral in politics, of which he was editor. It lived 7 years, but was not profitable pecuniarily. In 1838-9 he edited the Jeffersoitian, and in 1840 the Log-Cabin (Whig campaign papers), which gave him a reputation as an able polit- ical writer. Apr. 10, 1841, he founded the N. Y. Tribune, of which Henry J. Raymond was assist, editor, which soon took the stand it has since maintained as a thoroughly-appointed independent and spirited journal. He advo- cated Clay's election in 1844; afterward as- sumed a more decidedly hostile attitude to slavery ; and as a member of Congress in 1848- 9 opposed the abuses of the mileage system. He supported in successive presidential cam- paigns Gen. Scott in 18D-2, J. C. Fremont in 1856, and Abraham Lincoln in 1860; having exerted his influence against the nomination of W. 11. Seward in the Chicago convention of that year. He favored universal amnesty and universal suffrage at the end of the civil war, and offered himself as bail for Jefferson Davis in May, 1867. In 1851 he visited Eu- rope, and was chairman of one of the juries at the World's Fair. His letters to the Tribune, describing his travels, were pub. with the title, " Glances at Europe." In 1859 he went to California by way of Kansas and Utah. He has gained special distinction by his efforts toward the emancipation of labor, endeavor- ing to free it from ignorance, vice, servitude. and poverty. He is a zealous champion of protection, and is always found in the front rank of social, industrial, and political reform- ers. He pub. in 1850 " Hints toward Reforms," including many of his lectures on temper- ance, labor, education, &c. ; " Association Dis- cussed," by Greeley and Raymond, 1847 ; " Art and Industry as represented in tlie Exhibition at the Crystal Palace," N.Y. 18.53; "History of the Struggle for Slavery-Extension from 1787 to 1856;" "History of the American Conflict," 2 vols.Svo, 1864-6 ; " Recollections of a Busy Life," 1868; "Overland Journey from N.Y. to San Francisco in 1859," 12mo, 1 860 ; " Essays on Polit. Econ." — See Barton's Life of Greelei/, IS55 ; D. W. BartlM's Modern Aijilutors; Dum/ai/'s Offhand Takings, 1854. Greene, Albert Collins, lawyer, b. E. Greeiuvicb, R.I., 1792; d. Providence, Jan. 8, 1SC3. Son of Perry, bro. of Gen. Nathl. Greene. Member of the R.I. Assembly in 1815; member of the State senate; speaker of the house; mnj.-gen. of militia two years; atty.-gen. 1825-43, and U.S. senator in 1845- 51. Greene, Albert Gorton, lawyer and poet, b. Providence, R.l, Feb. 10, 1802; d. Cleveland, O., Jan. 3, 1868. Brown U. 1820. Many years clerk of the Municipal Court of Providence; clerk of the common council ; and judge of probate. Author of the popular bal- lad of " Old Grimes; " "The Militia Muster;" a ballad entitled " Canoneliet," pub. in Up- dike's " Hist, of the Narragansett Church ; " and " The Baron's Last Banquet," one of the finest poems in our language. In 1833 be pub. the Literary Journal, quarterly, but discontinued it after one year. Pres. of the R.I. Hist. Soc. from 1854 until his death. Green, Alexander, LP., D.D. (U. of Tenn. 1846), a minister of the ME. Church South, b. Sevier Co., Tenn., June 26, 1807. He connected himself with the Tenn. conf. ; was ord. elder in 1828, and since 1832 has been a delegate to the general conf. Promi- nent in the discussions of 1844 wliieh resulted in a division of the church. Author of " The Church in the Wilderness." Greene, Dr. Asa, phvsician and author, b. Ashburnham. Ms., 17S8 ;' d. N.Y. Citv, 1 837. Wms. Coll. 1813. He went to N.Y. a'b. 1830, and established himself as a bookseller. Author of " The Travels of Ex-Barber Frihbleton," a satire on Fidler and other scribbling English tourists; "The Life and Adventures of Dr. Dodimus Duckworth,'.' 18.33; " The Perils of Pearl Street," 1834 ; " A Glance at New York," 1837; "A Yankee among the Nul- lifiers," 1835 ; " Debtor's Prison," ISnio, 1837 ; and was some time editor of the Evening Tran- script, a New- York daily. Green, AsiiDEL, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1792), LL.U. (U. of N.C. 1812), scholar and divine, b. Hanover, N. J., Julv 6, 1762 ; d. Phila. May 19, 1848. N.J. Coll 1783. In early life he performed military duty, and was in imminent danger at the attack on Elizabethtown Point. Tutor in N.J. Coll. 178.3-5; prof of math, and nat. pliilos. from 1785 to May, 1787, when he became assoc. pastor of the Second Presb. Church of Phila.; in 1790 he was a member 379 GRE of the Gen. Assembly ; in the summer of 1791 he made a tour in N. England ; from 1 792 to 1800 ho was chaplain to Con;,'ress ; in 1809 he was one of the founders of the Phiia. Bible Society, the first society of the kind formed in the U.S. During the 2.^ years of his ministry, ho was regarded as the first pulpit orator con- nected with the Presb. church in the U.S. In 1812-22 he was prcs. of N. J. Coll. He sub- sequently resided in Phila., conducting for 12 years the Chnstian Adi-oiate, and also, for 2j years, preaching to an African congregation. For a number of years he exercised a control- ling influence over the affairs of the Presb. church ; was influential in the organization of the Home Missionary and other boards of the church ; and took an active and decided part in the measures which led to the division of the church in 1836-7. While pres. of the coll., he originated, with a few otliers, the Theol. Sem. at Princeton, and, at the time of his death, was pres. of its board of directors. Prcs. of the trustees of the Jefferson .Med. School of Phila.; member of the Amer. Philos. Soc. He pub. a "Discourse delivered in the Coll. of N.J., with a History of the Coll ," 1822 ; " A Histo- ry of Presbyterian Missions;" "Lectures on the Shorter Catechism," 2 vols. ; 11 original discourses, besides addresses, reports, &c. ; an Autobiographv, commenced at the age of 82, pub. by Joseph H. Jones, N. Y., 1849.— Sprague. Green, Baktholomew, the first newspa- per primer in Amer., b. Cambridge, Ms., 12 Oct. 1666 ; d. Boston, Doc. 23, 1732. He was a son of Samuel Green, printer, and succeeded to his business. He first set up his press in Cambridge, afterward at Boston, where it was destroyed by fire, 16 Sept. 1690. In the win- ter of 1692-3 he resumed business in Boston. Apr. 24, 1704, he issued the first number of the Boston News-Letler, a publication continued by him during his life. He also pub. the Weekbi News-Letter, \v\i\c\\ was afterwards com- bined with the other; and it was then styled the Doslon WccUi/ News-Letter. His descendants were printers in Boston till the Rcvol., and in Ct. long afterwards. Greene, Charles Gordon, journalist, b. Boscawen,N.H., July 1,1804. His father dying in 1812, he was placed under the care of his bro. Nathaniel, subsequently postmaster of Boston, who sent liim to Bradford Acad. He entered his hro.'s printing-oflice in Haverhill ; followed him to Boston in 1822, and was engaged in the office of the Statesman ; settled at Taunton in 182.T as pub., and afterward editor, of the Free Press; in 1826 pub. in Boston a literary journal, the Boston Spentator ; soon after re- sumed an engagement with the Statesman; re- moved to Phila in 1827; in 1828 became con- nected with Duff Green's paper, the U. S. Tel- egraph ; in 1829 succeeded Ins bro. as pro])ric- tor and |)ub. of the Statesman; and Nov. 9, 1831, commenced the publication of the Boston Morning Post, which has long been a leading Democ. organ, and noted for its wit. Naval officer for Boston 1853-7 ; and has been a mem- ber of the legisl. Greene, Christopher, lieut.-col., a Rev- el, officer, h. Warwick, U. I., 1737 ; killed May 13, 1781. Son .of Judge Philip Greene. He received a good education, and was several years a member of the R. I. legisl. ; lieut. in the " Kentish Guards ; " in May, 1775, was chosen by the legisl. maj. in the " Army of Ob- servation ;"com. a company under Montgom- ery alter accompanying Arnold through the wilderness; and in the attack upon Quebec was made a prisoner. Promoted in June to the majority of Varnum's rcgt., in Oct. 1776 he succeeded to the com., and was selected by Washington to take charge of Fort Mercer on the River Delaware (Ued Bank), which was assaulted by the Hessians under Count Donop, Oct. 21, 1777, who were repulsed with heavy loss, and their commander slain. Congress voted him a sword, which in 1786 was pre- sented by Knox, then see. of war, to Job Greene, his eldest son. He took part in Sullivan's at- tempt on R. I. in 1778. In the spring of 1781 his quarters on the Croton River were sur- prised by a party of refugees, and he was slain. — Rogers. Green, Ezra, physician, b. Maiden, Ms., June 17, 1746 ; d. Dover, N.H., July 25, 1847. H.U. 1765. He began practice in Dover ab. 1768; joined the army as a surgeon in June, 1 775 ; was in the c.xped. to Canada ; was sur- geon in the sloop-ofwar " Ranger," under Paul Jones; continued in the Revol. navy until 1781, when he engaged in trade. A delegate to tlie State Const. Conv. of 1820, and a firm Federalist. Green, Francis, merchant of Boston, b. Sept. 1, 1742 ; d. Medford, Ms., Apr. 21, 1809. H.U. 1760. Son of Benjamin of Halifax. He lived in Eng. from 1776 to 1799. Ho pub. a dissertation on the art of imparting speech to the deaf and dumb, Lond. 1783. Ho after- ward pub. essays on the same subject in the papers, and translated the letters ot the Abbe' L'Epe'e. He was an officer in the British forces at the taking of Havana in 1 762. Green, Franciss Harriet, author, nge Whipple, b. Smithlicld, R. I. ; contrib. ot poe- try to the periodicals of the day, 1830-5. Au- thor of " Memoirs of Eleanor Elbriilge, a Col- ored Woman;" "The Mechanic,^' 1841; " Might and Right," an account of the Dorr Insurrection, 1844; "Nanuntenoo, a Legend of theNarragansetts," 1848; " Analytical Class- Book of Botany," 1855. She has contrib. largely to reform periodicals; in 1842 edited the Wampanoag, and in 1849 the Young Peo- ple's Journal. — AlUbone. Greene, George Sears, soldier and en- gineer, b. Warwick, R. I., May 6, 1801. West Point, 1823. Entering the 3d Art., ho was assist, prof, of math, in the military acad. from 1823 to 1826; assist, prof, of engineering 1826-7 ; became 1st lieut. in 1829; and resigned in 1836. He then became a civil engineer, and was employed on railroad and other works in various parts of the country, and on the High Bridge and new Croton Reservoir in N.Y., until Jan. 18, 1862, when he was app. col. 60th N.Y. vols. ; hrig.-gen. vols. Apr. 28, 1862, and assigned a com. in Gen. Augur's division of Banks's army corps. On Gen. Augur's promo- tion, he took com. of the division, and fought with great gallantry uuder Gen. Mansfield at GRE Antietam ; was engaged at Chanccllorsville and Gettysburg ; in com. of Muifreesborough Oct. 1863; combatofWanhatchic, and severely wounded, 28 Oct. 1863 ; in operations in N.C. in 1865 ; actions of Kinston and Goldsboroiigh, and since 1 May, 1866, a civil engineer in N.Y. Greene, Geohge Wasihngtox, author, grandson of Gen. Natbl. Greene, b. E. Green- wich, R. I., Apr. 8, 1811. Compelled by ill health to leave Brown U. in 1827, he resided in Europe until 1847. From 1837 to 18+5 he was U.S. consul at Rome; between 1835 and 1850 he pub. a series of essays in the N. A. Re- view, chiefly on Italian literature and history, which were coll. in a vol. entitled " Historical Studies," N.Y., 1850. On his return to the U.S. he became prof, of modern languages in Brown U., and edited Putz and Arnold's "An- cient (ieography and History," N.Y., 1849, and a " History and Geography of the Middle Ages," 1851. In 1852 he removed to N.Y., where he has contrib. many papers to maga- zines, and edited in 1854 a complete edition of Addison's works, in 6 vols. He wrote the Life of Gen. Greene in Sparks's " Amer. Bing.," and has pub. his Official Papers and Public and Private Letters, with a new and elaborate Biog. of him, 1867-71, 3 vols. 8vo. In 1866 he pub. an Exam, of some statements concerning Gen. Greene in Bancroft's U.S., vol. 9. Green, Henry WooDiiuLL, LL.D. {N.J. Coll. 1850), chief justice of N.J. ; has pub. " Reports of Cases in Court of Chancerv of N. J.," 2 vols. 8vo, 1842-6. N. J. Coll. 1820. Green, Horace, M D., LL.D. ( LI. of Vt.), physician, U. Chiitiu.lrii, Vt., ])•>■. 24, 1S02; d. GriT,,i,H.nnt, Sinu- Sinu, \ V , Xnv. 29, 1866. .Mhl Coll, 1--J4, llr,-!ii.lh'.l iiH Wirinein Rutland, \'t. ; |.i;KTi~c'l ili^Tc G ,m.:u . ; attend- ed lectures at the U. of Pa. in is.'io-l ; and subsequently practised 5 years more iu Rutland, afterward settling in N.Y. He completed his medical education at Paris in 1838. From 1840 to 1843 he was a prof, in the med. coll. in Castleton, Vt. ; and in 1850 assisted in founding the N.Y. Med. Coll., in which he was pres. of the faculty and trustees, and emeritus prof, of the theory and practice of med. until 1860. Author of " Treatise on the Diseases of the Air-Passages," 1846 ; " Pathology and Treatment of the Croup," 1849; "Surgical Treatment of the Polvpi of the Larynx, and the CEdema of the Glottis," 1852; " Report of 106 Cases of Pulmonary Diseases treated by Injections into the Bronchial Tubes with a So- lution of Nitrate of Silver," 1856 ; and " Selec- tions from the Favorite Prescriptions of Living American Physicians," 1858; also of many papers in medical journals. Green, Jacob, minister of Hanover, N.J., b. Maiden, Ms., Jan. 22, 1722; d. Hanover, May 24, 1790. H.U. 1744; N.J. Coll. 1749. Licensed Sept. 1745 by the N.Y. presbytery, and ord. at Hanover Nov. 1746. He was in 1757 miule vice-prcs. of N.J. Coll., and was for some months at its head. He also engaged in the practice of medicine. A zealous patriot, he was sent to the Prov. Congress in 1775, and was chairman of the com. which drafted the State constitution. Besides sermons, he pub. " A View of the Constitution of the Jewish Church," and " A View of a Christian Church and Church Govt." A MS. Autobiography, extending to 1777, was pub. by his son Rev. Ashbel Green, in the Christian Advocate, vol. X. — Spragiie. Green, Jacob, M.D., physicist, b. Phila. July 26, 1790; d. there Feb. 1, 1841. U. of Pa. 1800. In his boyhood he made a large collection of plants. He pub. soon after leav- ing the university, in connection with a young friend, a treatise on electricity, which gave him a reputation. He also studied law, and was licensed to practise, but in 1818 accepted a, professorship in N.J. Coll. of chemistry, phi- losophv, and nat. history. Prof, of chemistry in the"jcflr. Med. Coll. from 1822 to the close of his life. He pub. " Chemical Diagrams ; " "Chemical Philosophv," 1829; "Treatise on Electro-Magnetism ; " " Astronomical Recrea- tions ; " "A Syllabus of a Course on Chemis- try ; " two works on " Trilobitcs," with wax illustrations; a work on the " Botany of the U.S., with a Li,st of the Botanical Productions of NY. ; " " Notes of a Traveller," giving an account of a visit to Europe in 1828, 3 vols. 1831 ; " Diseases of the Skin," 8vo, Phila. 1841 ; and contribs. to Sitliman's Journal. Green, Joseph, wit and poet, b. Boston, 1706; d. London, Dec. 11, 1780. H.U. 1726. Though in 1775 proscribed and exiled for ad- herence to the crown, in 1 764 he was a member of the com., with Samuel Adams, to report in- structions to the Boston representatives, and, when app. by Gage a mandamus coun.^ellor, de- clined the honor. One of a club of wits who watched every passing event, ni'itln r Gov. Belcher nor the legisl, was spared by tlio.se keen satirists, who turned every ihiiii.' to Tiicirimcnt that was susceptible of i't. I U' liis liuuiorous Iiuhli< ,i:i>.||, |||,;\ Ir III .ii!!..!! -^1 till' llUVlCSque 0.1 :< ]■ n I. ..I :., ../. Dr. i;>]rs; Ridi- ciil- .. I . -I, , .. ,- i , ■ I ,. Lilt. Ttininiicnt for aWi 1 ~ l,.'i.inL', iiii;.'ii: and " Lamenta- tion on the Death of Mr. Uld Tenor," paper- money. 'ialiine. Green, James Stephen, lawyer and Dem- ocratic politician, b. Fauquier Co.,Va., Feb. 28, 1817 ; d. St. Louis, Jan. 18, 1870. With an ordinary education, he in 1836 went to Ala. ; thence to Canton, Mo., in 1837, where in 1840 he was adm. to the bar, and rapidly acquired reputation. Member of the State Const. Conv. in 1845; M.C- 1846-50; charqg d'affaires to New Granada lS.)3-4, returning home on ac- count of ill health ; again chosen to Congress in 1856, and U.S. seiuitor in 1856-61, where he was chairtnan of the com. on territories. He was conspicuous in the debate on the ad- mission of Kansas under the Lecompton Con- stitution, which he favored, and. during the last session of the 36lh Congress, was on all occa- sions the advocate of the cause of the seceding States, and resisted in their interest all at- tempts to settle the existing difficulties. He was afterward a constant promoter of civil war in Missouri. Green, Joseph F., commo. U.S.N., b. Me. Nov. 24, 1810. Midshipman Nov. 1, 1827; lieut. Feb. 28, 1838; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16,1862; cotnmo. July 24, 1867; at- 381 taclie J to "The Ohio ; " served through the Mex- ican war, taking part in the important actions on the Paiific coast; com. steam-sloop " Ca- nanila)L;ua," S. Atl. block, squad., 1862-i, and participated in tiie bombardment of Fort Wag- ner ; com. Southern squadron with Atlantic fleet 1870. — //aHirrs/y. Green, Ret. L. W., D.D., Presb. clergy- man, b. ab. 1802; d. Danville, Ky., 26 May, 1863. Transylv. U. Entered the ministry ab. 1825; prof, successively of Centre Coll. and of Hanover and Allegh. Seminaries ; pres. of Washington Coll., Transylv. Coll., and of Cen- tre Coll , Danville, from 1857 to his death. Green, Martin E., brig.-gen. C.S.A., of Lewis Co., Mo. ; killed at Vicksburg, Mpi., June 27, 1863. He was a class-leader in the Mcth. Church. He organized a regt. near Paris, Mo., jjined Price's army, and contrib. largely to the capture of Lexington, Mo., and the gar- rison under Col. Mulligan. His men rolled hemp-bales up the steep bank of the river, and converted them into movable breastworks. He was conspicuous in all Price's battles in Mo. ; was in the battles of Farmington, Inka, Corinth, Big Black, and Baker's Creek. At "Vicksburg he had a presentiment he would be killed. Greene, Nathaniel, maj.-gen., one of the most disting. oflicers in the Rcvol. war, b. Warwick, R.I., May 27, 1742; d. June 19, 1786. Fourth in descent from one of the early settlers of N.E. He was ed ucated a member of the Society of Friends, among whom his father was a preacher; received the mere rudiments of an English education, and was variously em- ployed in the field, the mill, or at the anvil. He early manifested a love for books, and made himself master of Euclid. At the age of 20 he began to study law. He was the first to es- tablish a public school in Coventry. Elected to the R.I. legisl. in 1770 and each succeeding year until he took com. of the Southern army.'and a leading and popular member. On tiie ap- proach of the Revol. he studied tactics; was dismissed from the Society of Friends, and became a member of the " Kentish Guards." After the battle of Lexington, the Colony of K.I. embodied 3 regts. of militia, whichj as brig.-gen., he led to Cambridge, where their su- periority of equipment and discipline made them conspicuous. Here he gained the confidence and friendship of Washington, which he retained through life. Made a brig.-gen. in the Continen- tal army, June 22, 1775, and maj.-gen. Aug. 9, 1776. At Trenton hecommanded the left wing, seized the artillery of the enemy, and cut off their retreat to Princeton ; was at the battles of Brandy wine (where, by a rapid march and successful stand, he preserved the army from utter destruction) and Germantown ; and in March, 1778, accepted, though with great reluc- tance, the app. of quarterm.-gen., stipulating that he should not lose his right to command in action. Of this he availed himself at the bat- tle of Monmouth and in the retreat from R.I. In Aug. 1780 he reigned the office, a poorer man than when he assumed it. June 23, 17S0, he checked, with 2 brigades and a small body of militia, the advance of a corps of 5,000 of the enemy in the battle of Sprinjjfield. He was in com. of the army during Washing- ton's visit to Hartford in Sept. 1780. and sat as pres. of the Court of Inquiry upon Miij. Andre'. App. to succeed Gates, Oct. 1 4, 1780, he found, on arriving at Charlotte Dec. 2, the Southern army a mere skeleton, without artillery, bag- gage, or stores. In his front an enemy flushed with victory, and well provided; around him an exhausted country, whose inhabitants were divided into hostile parties. Adapting his operations to his means, he detached Mor- gan, who, after defeating Tarleton at the Cow- pens, marched to rejoin Greene, and was pur- sued by Cornwallis, but without success. Foiled in the attempt, he vigoronsly pursued Greene, who was moving in a direction to unite with Morgan. It is this celebrated retreat from S.C. across K.C. into Va. which has won for the American commander a high rank in the estimation of military men. Assuming the of- fensive, Greene attacked Cornwallis at Guilford Court House, March 15, 1781. The British remained masters of the field, but lost 600 men, and were obliged to retire, leaving their wound- ed. Greene then marched into S C, and, mov- ing towards Camden, took post at Hobkirk's Hill, April 20. Here he was attacked on the morning of the 2.")th by Lord Rawdon, and, after a sanguinary conflict, was obliged to aban- don the field. He next undertook, unsuccess- fully, the siege of Ninety-Six, and then with- drew to the high hills of Santee to indulge his army in a short repose during the heat of the summer. Sept. 8 he fought the battle of Eu- taw Springs, described by him as the most ob- stinate and bloody he had ever seen. In this battle, which prostrated their power in S.C., the British lost upwards of 1,000 men, and abandoned the entire State except Charleston and vicinity. When peace was restored, Greene returned to his native State. He everywhere met with enthusiasm and expressions of gratitude and admiration. On his arrival at Princeton, where the Congress was then in ses- sion, 'they presented him with two pieces of ordnance taken from the British army, " as a public testimony of the wisdom, fortitude, and military skill which disting. his com. in the Southern dept." They had previously voted him a British st.andard and a gold medid com- memorative of the battle of Eutaw. The State of Ga. presented him with a fine plantation a few miles from Savannah, to which he removed with his family in the fall of 1785 ; and S. C. conveyed to him a valuable tract of land. A monument was voted by Congress, but was never erected. His son Nath. Rat, b. Morris- town, N.J., Jan. II, 1780, d. Greensdale, R.I., June 1 1 , 1859. — See Life, Utters, mid Papers of, hii G. W. Greene, 3 vols. 8vo, 1867-71. Greene, Natiiaxi EL, editor, b. Boscawen, , i, , N.ll., May 20, 1797.^ In July, 1809, he entered d-Jil/V.rj an apjjrentice to Isaac Hill of the y.H. Patriot ; ' at the age of 15 became editor of the Concord Gazette; removed to Portsmouth in Jan. 18U, having charge of the N.H. Gazette; removed to Haverhill in April, 1815, where for two years he had charge of the Gazette; and in May, 1817, edited and pub. a new Democ. paper, the Essex Patriot. He established, Feb 6, 1821, the Boston Statesman, wliieh soon be- came the leading Democ. journal of the State. Postmaster of Boston 1829-40 and 1845-9. In 18-33 he pub. an address before the Ms. Char- itable Society ; a compendious " History of Italy," translated from the Italian, 18;!6; "Tales from the German," 2 vols. 18.37; "Tales and Sketches from the German, Ital- ian, and French," 1843 ; " Improvisations and Translations," 12mo, Boston, 1852. He has been a contrib. to several annuals. Green, Samoel, one of the first printers of N.E., b. Eng. 1615; d. Cambridge, Ms., Jan. 1, 1702. He succeeded Day in the print- ing-house at Cambridge ab. 1648. He printed the Cambridge Platform in 1649 ; the Laws in 1660; and, in the Indian language, the Psal- ter, Eliot's Catechism, Baxter's " Call to the Unconverted," the New Testament, and 1,000 copies of the Bible in 1683. Greene, Samuel Stillman, b. Belcher- town, Ms., May 3, 1810. B.U. 1837. Some time teacher in the Worcester, Springfield, and Boston schools; several years supt. of the Providence schools ; prof, of math, and civil engineering B.U. in 1855 ; transferred in 1864 to the chair of nat. philos. and astron. Author of " Analysis of Sentences," " Eng. Gram- mar," " First Lessons," and " Introduction " to Eng. grammar, " Descendants of Thomas Greene of Maiden," 1858. — Di(i/ckiiicL: Greene, Theodore P., co'mmo. U.S.N., b. Montreal, Canada, Nov. 1, 1809. Midshipm. Nov. 1, 1826 ; lieut. Dec. 20, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. July 24, 1867. Attached to frigate " Congress," Pacific sqund., during the Mexican war, 1846- 8; sloop " Cyane," home squad., 1852-3; lighthouse insp. 1858-60; com. steam-sloop "Richmond," W. Gulf squad., 1865; steam- eloop "Powhatan," Pacific squad., 1867. — IlamcrsI,,. Green, Thomas, maj.-gen. C.S.A., b. Va. 1816 ; killed at Blair's Plantation, La., Apr. 14, 1864. Son of Chief Justice G., pres. of the Leba- non Tenn. Law School. He was in thoTc.xan rangers in the war of Independence and the Mexican war, and was afterward clerk of the Sup. Court of Texas. He com. the 5th Texan cavalry ; was in the battle of Valverde ; in the attack on Galveston, and capture of " The Hariict Lane;" in the battle of Bisland ; commanded the cavalry of Dick Taylor's army ; defeated Gens. Gn.ver and Weitzcll at Bayou La iMnirrlnv and wis made a maj.-gen. for his brilli.iiii Mi\ir, s, ami [lilt in command of the cavaliv ut ilif I'lan^ ^iississippi dopt. He had 1, Gen. Thomas J., C.S.A., b. 1801 ; d. at his residence in Warren Co., N.C., Dec. 13, 1863. He was a gen. in the Texan war of independence, a member of the Texan Con- gress, the leader of the " Mier expcd.," and one of the band of " Mier prisoners." He was subsequently a State senator in Cal., and maj.- gen. of its militia. Author of " Journal of the Texan Expedition against Mier," &.C., 8vo, N.Y., 1845. Greene, William, gov. of R.I. from 1743 to his death, Feb. 23, 1758, a. 62; many years clerk of the County Court of Providence, and dep.-gov. in 1740. Greene, William, gov. of R.I. 1778 to 1786, b. 1732; d. Warwick, R. I., Nov. 30, 1809. He had been speaker of the assembly, and chief justice. Green, Right Rev. William Mercer, D.D., first Prot.-Epis. bishop of M,.i., b. Wil- mington, N.C., May 2, 1798. U. of N.C. 1818. Ord. deacon, 1821 ; priest, 1822; app. prof, of rhetoric in the U. of N C. in 1837 ; consec. bishop at Jackson, Feb. 24, 1850. Greene, Zachariah, Revol. soldier and clergyman, b. Stafford, Ct., 11 Jan. 1760; d. Hempstead, L.I., June 20, 1858. Dartm. Coll. 1781. He served in the army, and was en- gaged on several occasions, until by a bullet- wound in his shoulder, at the battle of White Marsh, in Dec. 1777, he was cotnpcllcd to re- tire from the service. He then studied for the ministry; was pastor of the Fresb. ch. at Cutehogue, Soulhold, L.I., from June 28, 1787, to 1797, and at Setauket, Hempstead, L.L, from Sept. 27, 1797, until his death. He was a chaplain in the army in the war of 1812. Greenhow, Robert, M.D. ( 1821 ), schol- ar, b. Richmond, Va., 1800 ; d. San Francisco in the spring of 1854. Wm. & M. Coll. 1816. His father Robert was mayor of Richmond ; and his mother perished at the burning of its theatre, Dec. 26, 1811. In 1815 he went to N.Y., where he studied medicine. He sub- sequently visited Europe, and on returning to N.Y. delivered a course of lectures before the Literary and Philos. Society. He was in 1828 app. translator of languages in the dept. of State ; in 1837 be preiiared by order of Con- upon N.W. coast of N.A. ; in 1848 lie presented to the N.Y. Hist. Soc. a paper in relation to the sup- posed missionary laliors of Archbp. Fcnelon (since found to have been tho-eof a bro.)among the Iroquois Indians of N.Y. ; in 1850 be re- moved to Cal.; in 1853 he was app. assoc. law-agent to the U.S. Lanil Com. He was a man of talent, and possessed an extraordinary memory. He pub. a " Historv ol' Oregon and California," 1844; "Hist, of Tripoli, &c.," 1835. His widow, Rosa 0. H. Gueenhow, became a spy for the rebels ; was for a time in the Old Capitol Prison, but finally lost her life in attempting to land from a blockade-runner in Wilmington harbor, N.C, Sept. 20, 1864. Greenleaf,BENJAMiN, teacher, and author of a series of math, text-books, b. Haverhill, Sept. 25, 1786; d. Bradford, Ms., Oct. 29, 1864. Dartin. Coll. 1813. Principal of Brad- ford Acad. 1814-36, and of the Bradford Teach- ers' Seminary from 1839 to 1848; represented Bradford in the legisl. in 1837-9. Greenleaf, Jonathan, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1863), b. Newburyport, Sept. 4, 1785; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Apr. 24, 1865. Edward, his ancestor, settled in N. in 1635. Moses, his father, was a capt. in the Revol. army. Jonathan wiis licensed to preach in Sept. 1814 ; was Old. over the church in Wells, Mar. 8, 1815 ; dism. Sept. 1828 ; then took charge of the Mariners' Church, Boston ; and was sec. of the Seamen's Friend Society. In Dec. 1833 he removed to N.Y., where he edited the Sailor's Magazine ; and was sec. of the same society until Nov. 1841. He organized and <3-R.E was pastor of the Wallahoiit Presh. Church, Brooklyn, from Mar. 8, 1843, until his death. Author of " Sketches of the Eccles. Hist, of Maine," 1821 ; " Hist. of New-YorkChurches," 18+6; "Gene.al. of the Grcenleaf Family," N.Y., 8vo, 1854. — xV. E. II. Sr G. Req. 1867. Greenleaf, Moses, LL.D., hro. of the precedln;.',authorof " Statistical Viewof Me.," 1816; "Survey of Me.," 1829; and the best map of that State; b. Newliuryport, 1778 ; d. Williamshurg. Me., Mar. 20. 18.34. Greenleaf, Simon, LL.D. (EI.U. I 834), an eminent jurist, hro. of the preceding, b. Newliuryport, Dee. 5, 1783; d. Cambridge, Oct. 6, i853. Adm. to the bar in June, 1806, he commenced practice in Standish, whence he soon removed to Gray, where he lived 1 1 years, during which period, by unwearied industry, •he laid the foundations of his great legal learn- ing. In 1818 he removed to Portland, and entered upon a more extended practice. Upon the separation of Me. from Ms. and the estab- lishment of the Sup. Court, he was app. its re- porter. Traversing the circuit with the judges, his services were in demand in all parts of the State ; and Ins practice became very extensive. His Reports, in 9 vols., contain the decisions of the court from 1 820 to 1832, and exhibit full proof of his industry and accuracy. In the Hummer of 1833 he was app. Royall Prof, of law at Cambiid'/e at the suggestion of Judge Story, whom he succeeded in 1 846 as Dane Prof. In 1848 he resigned, and was made emeritus prof. Many years pres. of the Ms. Bible So- ciety. The beauty of his style and hi; irect expositions of law have placed him as an author by the side of Blackstone and Kent. Author of a "Treatise on the Law of Evidence," 3 vols. ; " Remarks on the Exclusion of Atheists as Witnesses ; " " An Examination of the Tes- timony of the Four Evangelists by the Rules of Evidence administered in the Courts of Justice, with an Accountof the Trial of Jesus," and "Testamentary Counsels and Hints to Christians on the Right Distribution of their Property by Will ; " a " Treatise on the Origin and Priuciplesof Freemasonry," 1820; " Over- ruled, Denied, and Doubted Decisions and Dicta," I vol. 1840, afterward expanded to 3 vols. ; Grimes's " Digest of the Law of Real Property," 1849. Greenough, Horatio, sculptor, b. Bos- ton, Sept. 6, 1805; d. Somerville, Ms.. Dec. 18, 1852. H.U. 1825. Son of a Boston merchant. His ideas of form were strongly marked in his youth ; and he had a mechani- cal aptitude at imitating the objects which impressed themselves on his mind. At Harvard he became acquainted with Wash- ington Allston and others, who encouraged him in his design of becoming an artist; and he went to Italy in the autumn of 1825. He returned to Boston in 1826, and, after model- ling several busts, returned to Italy, fixing his residence in Florence. His industry was great ; and the following comprise but a part of the works upon which his fame rests : a statue of "Abel," statue of Byron's " Medora," the "Chanting Cherubs," "Ascension of the Infant Spirit," " Genius of America," statue of " Washington upon the Public Grounds of the National Capitol," the " Angel Ahdiel," two ideal busts of " Hdloise," ideal bust of the " Graces," b.is relief of " Castor and Pollux," monument to " Guisti the Italian Poet," " The Genius of Love," ideal bust of " Lucifer," of our " Saviour Crucified," monument to Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs, portrait statue of Miss Grinnel, statuette of " Venus Victrix," and of " Venus contending for the Golden Apple." He also executed busts of John Adams, John Qiiincy Adams, Henry Clay, Josiah Quincy, Samuel Appleton, Jona- than Mason, Thomas Cole, John Jacob Astor, Judge Marshall, and many others. The ori- ginal design for the Bunker's Hill Monument was by him. Congress appropriated $20,000 for the monument to Washington, much com- mended for its purity of taste, loftiness of con- ception, accuracy of anatomical study, and mechanical skill The colossal group, " The Rescue," for the National Capitol, occupied the artist 8 years, and consists of four figures. He was a noble, kindly, and generous man. His Life and Essays were pub. in 1853 by H. T. Tuckerman. Richard S. Greknough, a younger brother, is a successful sculptor. Greenup, Col. Chhistopiier, gov. of Ky. (1804-8), b. Va. 17.50 ; d. Frankfort, Ky., April 27, 1818. He served through the Revol. as a private and as an officer; at its close re- moved to Ky., where he was clerk of the Dist. Court; member of the legisl. ; M.C. 179.3-7; clerk of the State senate, and had the reputa- tion of a .sound lawyer. Greenville, Sir Richard, navigator, b. Cornwall, Eng., 1540 ; d. 1591. In his youth he served in the imperial army against the Turks, and was knighted in 1571. Joining Raleigh, his relative, in hi^ colonization schemes, he sailed in 1585 for Amciim, wiih 7 vessels carrying 108 colonists, .lunr 20 lie made the mainland of Carolin I : ilmi.m v i reaped wreck on the cape, to i-. . i ^ i .|iience, he gave the name V:\]v i . nd the the colonists under Ralph Lane, saikvl for Eng. The next year he recrossed the Atlantic with 3 ships laden with supplies, and found the colony broken up and the settlers gone, having been taken olf by .Sir I'raiieis Drake. To keep possesion oC tile coiinirv, \v left 15 men on Roaimke 1-1, nel; retinn'M lo Eng., and was made viee-ailmirul. In l.VJl, in con- junction with Lord Howard, he w.is commis- sioned to intercept a rich Spanish fleet. With only 5 ships, he attacked the enemy's fleet of 62 sail off the Azores. He sunk 4 of them, and killed 1,000 of the Spaniards ; but, when his own ship was about to sink, ho was carried on board the Spanish fleet, where he died, three days after, of hi- wounds. id-reenwood, Francis William Pitt, D.D., Unitarian clergyman and scholar, b. Boston, Feb. 5, 1797 ; d. Aug. 2. 1843. H.U. 1814. He studied theology under Dr. Ware; became, Oct. 21, 1818, pastor of the New South Church, Boston, withdrawing on account of ill health the next year; then resided a year in Europe, and, after his return in 1821, lived 2 years in Baliimore, where he edited the Unitarian Miscellany. His health being partial- ORE 384 ly restorcil, he became, Aug. 29, 1824, nssoc. minister with the Rev. Dr. Freeman of King s Chapel, Boston, of which in 1827 he became sole pastor. In 1 837-8 he was assoc. editor ot the Christian Examiner, and also contnb. to the N Amer. Reriew and to the Christum Disciple. In 1837 he visited Cuba for his health, and re- turned somewhat restored. He was learned m the natural sciences, especially conchology and botany ; and was an early member of the Bos- ton Society of Natural History, to whose Jour- nal he was a contrib. In 1827 he pub. '• Lives of the Apostles ; " in 1830 a Coll. of Hvmns ; in 18-33 " Discourses on the History ot Km.- s Chapel; " " Sermons for Children ; " and " ^> r mons of Consolation," 1842. Hon. S. A^ Eliot edited 2 vols, of his sermons, prchKin;,' them with a Memoir; and a vol. of his miscel- laneous writings was pub. by his son, 12mo, Boston, 1846. Greenwood, Isaac, the first prof, of mathematics and natural philoso|ihy in Amer- ica, b. May 7, 1702; d. Charlestown, Ms. Oct 22 1745. H.U. 1721. Hollis Prof, at HU 13 Feb. 1728-13 July, 1738. He pub. an arithmetic, 1729; and a philos. discourse occasioned by the death of Tliomas Hollis, the founder of the professorship, m Apr. 1/31. — Eliot. Greenwood, Miles, manufacturer, b. Jersey Citv N.J., March 19, 1807. He re- moved to the West with his father in 1817, and settled near Cincinnati. In 1832 he com- menced, on the Miami Canal, the Kagle Iron Work's, which speedily became the largest manufactory of the West. It was dcst ' by fire in 1845, but was soon rebuilt Station, Boydton Plank-RoaJ, &e. ; 1 maj.-gen. vols. 1 Aug. 1804, for dist. con. particularly in reconnoissance Charles Uoad. Farmer near Milford, Del., since 1 ""Gregg, John, brig.-gen. C.S.A., b, 1828; killed near Petersburg, Va., Oc 1864. Cora, a Texas brigade. Gregg, John I., brev. brig.-gen. U.. Pa. Capt. nth U.S. Inf Mexican capt. 6th U.S. Cav. May, 1861 ; col. 16th Pa. Cav Oct. 1862; com. cav. brigade, Army of the Potomac, Apr. 1863 to Apr. 1865, in n.' ii-lv all the principal battles in Va., includ- lii_- IvMv's Ford, Aldie, Gettysburg, Sulphur ,^|,riii,' Cold Harbor, Deep Bottom (severely u,,iiih1.'i1) Five Forks, Amelia C.H. (wound- ed) Sailor's Creek, and Farmville; brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A. for gallant and merit, service during the war ; col. 8th U. S. Cav. July 28, Gregg, Maxcy, gen. C.S.A., b. Columbia, SC, 1814; killed in battle Dec. 13, 1862. S.C. Coll. 1836. Son of James Gregg, aii eminent lawyer of Colnml.ia. He studied law, and was adm. to the bar in 1839; app. major 12th Inf. March 24, 1847, and served until the close of the Mixican war. Many years col. of a regt. of S.C. militi.i, and was a prominent member of the St:^te convention in Dec. 1860, in which he was one of the com. to prepare the ordinance of secession. He sub sequently entered the Confed, service as col 1st S.C. regt. ; was made a brig.-gen. soon afterward ; was disting. in several engagements in Va. ; and was killed at the battle of Freder- icksburg. — re/mey, Hi.':!, of the RiMlion. o" 'the originators of the Ohio Mechanics' Gregory, PnA^-cisHre.u-am^UJ ■■ "• '■^'•S<='y '." 'he enaction of \^'-;^^^ ^.',-r. He .i,st e.uer^d the mer! Jan. 16, ed He M. C. 1791-1807; U. president ;)?'o (€m. 1809. Institute; contrib. largely to the erection their present building; and was mainly in- strumental in introducing steam fire-engines. Greeg. Andrew, U.S. senator, b. Carlisle, Pa June 10, 1755; d.Bellefontc,May 20, 183.5. He' received a classical education, and lor several years was tutor in the U. of Pa. In 1789 he removed to the then wilderness ot Penn's Valley, where he engaged in agricuj tural operat' senator, 1807 , , 1814 he removed to Bellefbnte; and lu loiu was app. sec. of the Stale of Pa. Grees. David McM., brev. maj.-gen. U.b. vols., b Pa. 1834. West Point, 1855. En- tering the 1 st Dragoons, he served in the cam- paii-ns of 1858-60 against the Indians of Washington and Oregon ; capt. 6th Cav. 14 May, 1861 ; col. 8th Pa. Cav. 24 Jan. 1862; brio-.-gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862. He was in the batrfes of the Peninsular campaign. Mar .-Aug. 186'- com. division of cav in Army of the Potomac, Dec. 1862, to June, 1863; and en- "an-ed at Beverley Ford, Aldie, Gettysbur- X.Y., dsliipma 1809; lieut. June 28, 1814; com. Apr. 28, 1828; capt. Jan. 18, 1838; rearadm. (retired list) July 16, 1862. His first services were near the Balize, where he captured an English brig having 1 20 slaves on board, also a schoon- er fitting for piratical purposes ; had a nis'"" action with a privateer, which he disabled and drove off the coast ; and took a Spanish pirate of 14 guns. While serving on Lake Ontario under Chauncey, in the war of 1812, he was captured in Ang. 1814 ; sent to Eng., and con- fined 18 months. He ne.\t served 3 years in the Mediterranean under Com. Shaw, whose dau. he married. From 1821 to 1823 he com. " The Grampus " in the W. Indies. _ Near St. Croix he captured the notorious pirate brig " Panchita," a vessel far superior to his own in weight of metal and number of men. He com. The frigate " Raritan " in the Mexican His last sea-service was in com. ot the During the Rebellion he of iron-clads. Greive, George, b. Eng. 1750 ; d, France after 1793. Translatorof Cbastellux' Memoirs; Afri< squadron. Rapidan Station, and New Hope Church, 27 sup^erintejided tlu;__co_,istnu-ti Nov. 1863; com. 2d cav. division, 6 April, 1864, to 3 Feb 1865, in the Richmond cam- paign, and in all the principal actions of that Dcriod in Army of the Potomac ; com. the of that army from Aug. 1, 1864, ill his I'eb. 1865, "and engaged at Todd's Tavern, Hawes Shop, Trevillian Sta- tion, Darbytown, Deep Bottom, Reams s resignation. sec. of the Bill of Rights Club ; was in Amer. in 1781-2; lived afterward in France, engaged in lit. pursuits. — Hist. Maq. 1870. Grellet, Stephen, a Quaker preacher, b. France, 1773; d. Burlington, N J., Nov 16 1855. His parents being of the household ot &KE 385 Louis XVI., he was brought up in the Catholic faith, and educated at the Military Coll. of Lyons. At the age of 17 he became one of the body-gnard of the king; made his escape from the horrors of the Revol. ; and in 1795 came to N. Y. He shortly alter juined the Quakers; removed to Pliila. ; and, during the prevalence of the yellow-fever in 1798, was in- defatigable in ministering to the sick, the dying, and the afflicted. During this trying season he became impressed with the idea that it was his duty to go abroad, and publish the gospel ; for which purpose, in 1800 he made an exten- sive tour through the Southern States as far as Ga., and in 1801 through N.E. and Canada. In 1799 he returned to N.Y., where he estab- lished himself in business; and in 1804 m. Ke- bccia, dan. of Isaac Collins, publisher. Con- tinuing his ministrations, Grellet, in 1807, went to the south of France, in 1812 to Eng. and Germany, in 1816 to Hayti.and in 1818on a tour through Europe. At Rome he stood, together with bis companion Wm. Allen, before Pius VII., who listened to the exhortations of Grellet with the greatest respect and courtesy. He returned home in Aug. 1820. In 1831-4 he made another missionary excursion through Europe. His lUcmoirs, by Bcnj. Seebohm, were pub., 2 vols. 8vo, 1860. Grenier, Johx, author of the famous " Log-cabin Songs " of the polit. campaign of 1840, b. 1810; d. Toledo, O., 13 May, 1871. AVent when a boy to Ohio ; was at one time cilitor of the State Journal, and afterward of the Gazette at Columbus, and of the Zanesville City Timi's. A]ip. Indian agent by Prcs. Taylor. Grenville, George, an Eng. statesman, reputcil author of the famous Stamp Act, b. Oct. 14, 1712 ; d. Nov. 13, 1770. Educated at Cambridge U., where he acquired great pro- ficiency in mathematicJ. He studied law, and represented Buckingham County in parliament from 1741 till his death. After filling several subordinate offices, he was made sec. of state in 1762, and was chancellor of the exche- quer and first lord of the treasury in 1763-.5. He was far the ablest man of business in the Houseof Commons, and disting. for knowledge and eloquence. His son Thomas (175.5-1846) was one of the agents employed in negotiating the treaty of peace between Great Britain and theU.S.'in 1782-.3. Grevyle, Lord Charles Montague, gov. of S.C. 17G6-7.3, b. May 29, 1741 ; d. Jan. 1781. Second son of Robert, 3d Duke of JIanchester. He was a knight of the shire for Huntington, and was at one time gov. of Ja- maica. Grey, Charles, Earl, a British gen., b. Oct. 23, 1729; d. Nov. 14, 1807. Aide-de- camp to Prince Ferdinand in Germany and to Wolfe at Quebec ; app. lieut.-eol. June 27, 1761; com. the 98th regt. at the capture of Belle Isle in 1 763 ; col. Dec 20, 1 772 ; and ac- companied Howe to Boston in 1775, who gave him the local rank of maj.-gen. On the night of SetJt. 21, 1777, he surprised Gen. Wayne near Paoli, and defeated him with great slaugh- ter, using only the bayonet. He took an active pait in the battle of Germantown, Oct. 4, 1777; destroyed the shipping and stores at Now Bed- ford and Martha's Vineyard in the autumn of 1778; and Sept. 7; 1778, surprised and cut to pieces Baylor's dragoons at Tappan. For these and other important services in this war, he was made a licut-gen. and app. com. -in- chief in N. A. in Jan. 1783. He wms employed in Flanders in 1793 ; captured Martinique and St. Lucie in 1794; niaile gen. in 1795; was raised to the peerage in 1801; and in 1806 be- came an earl. His eldest son was the celebrat- ed statesman of the same name. Gridley, Jehemv, a disting. law. of Bost., b. ab. 1705; d. Brookline, Ms., Sept. 10, 1767. H.U. 1725. He was some years an assist, in the grammar-school in Boston ; studied theolo- gy; and occasionally preached. He then de- voted himself to the law, and, soon after his admission to the bar, instituted a weekly news- paper called the Rehearsal, the first number of which appeared Sept. 29, 1731. At the end of a year he was compelled to relinquish this un- dertaking by the increase of his professional business. Having been elected a member of the General Court from Brookline, he became a decided opponent of the measures of the British ministry; notwithstanding which he was app. atty.-gen. of the Province of Ms. Bay, in which capacity he was obliged to defend the obnoxious " writs of assistance," and encoun- tered the powerful opposition of his former pupil, James Otis. Besides his high legal sta- tion, he was col. of militia, grand master of Freemasons, and pres. of the Marine Soc. He was a man of great legal attainments, of fine talents, of disting. learning and virtue. Gridley, Maj -Gen. Richard, a disting. soldier, bro. of Jeremy, b. Canton, Ms., 1711 ; d. there June 20, 1796. He had great reputa- tion as an artillerist; was chief engr. in the reduction of Louisburg in 1745; again entered the army as chief engr. and col. of inf in 1755; was engaged in the exped. to Crown Point in 1756, under Gen. Winslow ; and planned the fortifications around Lake George. He served under Amherst in 1758, and, with Wolfe, ascended to the Plains of Abraham, and fought the French at the capture of Quebec. For his services the British Govt, gave him Magdalen Island, with half-pay, which was continued to him during his life. He es- poused the patriot cau.se with ardor in 1775, and was app. chief engineer and com. of the artillery of the Colonial army. He it was that laid out so skilfully the works on Bun- ker's Hill the night before the battle of June 17, 1775. Though then 65 years old, he was exposed to the severest fire of the enemy during the whole engagement. Late in the day he was wounded by a musket-ball in the thigh. He was active in planning the fortifica- tions around Boston ; commissioned maj.-gen. by the Prov. Congress, Sept. 20, 1775'; and com. of the Continental art., but was in Nov. superseded by Knox. He was active on the memorable night when Dorchester Heights were fortified. — iVor/ott- Dnn. Aug. 27, 1841. Grier (greer), Robert Cooper, jurist, b. Cumberland Co., Pa., March 5, 1794; d. Phila. Sept. 26, 1870. Dick. Coll. 1812. His fttther, a Presb. clergyman, removed to Lyco- ming Co. in the fall of 1794, and, being a superior scholar, taught his son Latin and Greek. He taught the grammar-school of the coll. till 1813, when he returned to Northum- berland, Pa., to aid his father in his college duties. After his father's death in 1815, he sucieeded him as principal ; studied law at the same time ; and in 1817 commenced practice in Bloomsburg, Columbia Co., Pa. Settling in Danville in 1818, his practice rapidly increased; and Mav 4, 1838, he was app. pres. judge of the Dist." Court of Alleghany Co. He removed to Pittsburg in Oct. of the same year, and re- sided in Alleghany City till Sept". 1848, when he removed to Phila. Aug. 4, 1846, he was nominated by Pies. Polk one of the justices of the U.S. Supreme Court. He possessed sound judgment, great legal knowledge, and thorough integrity. He resigned his seat in 1869, on account of infirm health. Grier, William Nicholson, brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A., b. Pa. West Point, 1835. Enter- ing the 1st Dragoons, he became capt. 23 Aug. 1846 ; maj. 2d Drags. 20 Apr. 1861 ; lieut.- col. 1st Cav. 15 Feb. 1862 ; col. 3d Cav , and ret. 31 Aug. 1866 ; brev. br.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. He saw much frontier service ; won the brev. of maj. 16 Mar. 1848 for gallantry at Santa Cruz de Rosales, Mexico; in the Apache cxped. 1849-50, and wounded ; in exped. against the Indians in Wash. Terr. 1857-8 ; and com. his regt. in the Peninsular campaign, Mar.-Ang. 1862; and was wounded at the battle of Williamsburg, Va., 5 May, 1862. — Cullum. Grierson, Benjamin H., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Pittsburg, Pa., July, 1837. Emig. at an early age to Trumb. Co., O. ; afterward in the produce-business at Jacksonville, III. When the civil war broke out he went on the staff of Gen. Prentiss ; was made maj. 6th 111. cav. ; col. 28 Mar. 1862 ; and in Dec. took com. of a cav. brigade. He was engaged in nearly all the cav. skirmishes and raids in W. Tenn. and N. Mpi., and made a successful cavalry raid from La Grange (17 Apr.-2 May, 1863) to Baton Rouge to facilitate Gen. Grant's opei-ations on Vicksburg, destroying railroad-bridges, depots, and rolling-stock ; brig.-gen. vols. 3 June, 1863; maj.-gen. 27 May, 1865; brev. brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A. 2 Mar. 1867 for his raid of Dec. 1864 in Ark. ; col. 10th U.S. Cav. 28 July, 1866. GrifB.n, Charles, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Licking Co., O., 1826; d. Galveston, Sept. 15, 1867. West Point, 1847. Entering the 4th Art., he became 1st lieut. June 30, 1849 ; capt. 5ih Art. Apr. 25, 1861 ; and brig.-gen. vols. July 9, 1 862. With his battery, he fought with heroic bravery at the first Bull Kun; served in Morell's "division of Fitzjohn Por- ter's corps in the campaign of the Chickahom- inv, winning especial distinction at Gaines's Mill and at Malvern Hill ; was present at the second battle of Bull Run, Aug. 28, 1862, and was charged by Gen. Pope in his report with having refrained from taking part in the action, while he "spent the day in making ill-natured strictures upon the com. gen." He was ar- rested i for trial on this charge, but was released that he might take part in McClellan's cam- .paign in Md. in Sept., and took a distinguished pactat Antietam. In Dec. he took com. of a division ; fought under Burnside at Freder- icksburg ; bore himself gallantly through Hooker's brief campaign in Va. ; was present at Gettysburg ; and was conspicuous in all the engagements from the Wilderness to the Five Forks, where he so discing, himself as to be assigned to the command of the 5th corps, in which capacity he received the arms and colors of the Army of Northern Va. July 28, 1866, he was made col. 35th Inf ; maj.-gen. U.S. vols. 2 Apr. 1865. In the following winter he was ordered to Galveston to take com. of the depart, of Texas. He was brev. maj. U.S.A. for Bull Run ; lieut.-col. for the battles of the Wilderness ; col. for battle of Weldon Rail- road ; brig.-gen. for Five Forks; and maj.-gen. 13 iMar. 1865 for merit, services during the Rebellion. Griffin, CvRHS, jurist, b. Va. 1749; d. Yorktown, Va., Dec. 14, 1810. Educated in Eng., and connected by marriage with a noble family there, he yet gave early adhesion to the patriot cause ; was a member of the Va. legis. ; member of the Old Congress in 1778-81 and in 17S7-8, and its pres. in 1788; pres. of the Sup. Court of Admiralty until its abolition ; commis. in 1789 to the Creek Nation ; judge of the U.S. Dist. Court for Va. from Dec. 1789 until his death. — /'or^/oAo, Dec. 1811. Griffin, Ed.mund" Dork, scholar, b. Wy- oming, Pa., Sept 10, 1804; d New York, Sept. 1, 1830. Col. Coll. 1823, with the first honors. Son of George, a leading member of the N.Y. bar, by a dan. of Col. Zebulon Butler. He studied law a short time; then studied divinity; and in Aug. 1826 was adm. to de.icon's orders; assist, minister of St. James's Church, Hamilton Square, near N.Y. City, and of Christ Chvirrh in the city, when he was compelled by a threatened .iffcction of the lungs to abandon the labors of the church and the study; and in Oct. 1828 sailed for Europe, and returned to N.Y. in April, 1830. In the following May and June he delivered lectures upon Roman, Italian, and English literature. His bro. Francis pub. two vols, of his " Remains," with a Memoir by Rev. John MacVicar, 1831. Griffin, Edward Dorr, D. D. (Un. Coll. 1808), divine, b. E. Haddam, Ct., 6 Jan. 1770; d. Newark, N.J., 8 Nov. 1837. Y.C. 1790. He studied theol. under the second Pres. Edwards at N. Haven ; was pastor of the Cong, church of N. Hartford, 4 June, 1795- 1800; of the Presb. church, Newark, N.J., 20 Oct. 1801-1809 ; of the Park-street Church, Boston, 31 July, 1811-1815; of the 2d Presb. Church, Newark, 1815-21; prof of rhetoric And. Theol. Sem. 21 June, 1809-11; pres. Wras. Coll. 1821-36. Author of " Lectures del. in Park-street Church, Boston," 8vo, 1813 ; and a vol. of Sermons, 1844. A selec- tion from his works, with a Memoir of his Life by Rev. Dr. Spragne, was pub. 2 vols. 1839 ; " Recollections of Rev. E. D. Griffin," by Par- sons Cooke, 8vo, 1856. May, 1860. Y.C. 1797. Bro. of Edw. \1o\r Griffin. Litchf. Law School. Adm. to the bar 1799; practised in Wilkesbarre, Pa., 6 years. 387 G-RI Bud subsequently in N. Y. City. He pub. " Sufferinjjs of Our Saviour," " Evidences of Chiistianity," and " The Gospel its owu Ad- vocate," 1 850. — Necrol. Yule Coll. Griffith, John, preacher of the Society of Friends ; came to Amer. in 1726, and trav- elled through N.J., Pa., &c. ; author of " Brief Remarks," Lond. Svo, 1764; "Journal of Life, Travels, and Labors," Svo, 1779. — AUilione. Griffiths, John Willis, b. N. Y. City, Oct. 6, 1809. Senior editor of the Nautical Magazine. Author of " Treatise on Naval and Marine Architecture,"" N.Y., 4to. 18.50; "Ship- Builder's Manual and Nautical Referee," N.Y., 4 to. — AUihone. GriffittS, Samuel Powell, M.D., phy- sician anil philanthropist, b. Pliila. July 21, 17.'i9; d. there iMay 12, 1826. He received a classical education at the Coll. of Phila. : stud- diei! medicine in the schools of Paris, Mont- pellier, London, and Edinliursh, during three years, returning to Phila. in the fall of 1784, and establishing himself in practice there. In 1786 he founded the Phila. Dispensary; was vice-pres. of the Coll. of Physicians from 1817 till his death ; prof, of materia medica in the U. of Pa. from 1 792 to 1 796 ; physician to the dispensary 7 years, and was an active member of the Humane Society, the Philos. Society, and the Pa. Society for the Abolition of Sla- very. At a general convention forthe formation of a Pharmacopcicia, held at Washington, June 1, 1820, he laid before that body an " Essay of a Pharmacopoeia," of which he was the prin- cipal author. In the great pestilence of 1793, and the epidemics of 1797-9, 1802, and 1805, he remained at his post regardless of personal danger, and performed the most laborious and hazardous services. He displayed great zeal and activity in relieving the suffering and destitution of the French emigrants from St. Domingo in 1793-4, and collected $12,000 for their aid. He was also active in establishing, under tlie auspices of the Phila. Yearly Meet- ing of Friends, an institution for the relief of persons mentally deranged. One of the editors of the Edertic Repc-rtqri/, and was a man of great industry, huinanity, and piety. — T/i(ir!ier. Griggs, John, an eminent publisher, b. Cornwall, Eng., 1792; d. Phila. 2 Aug. 1864. Left an orphan, he followed the sea; came to Richmond, Va. ; became a bookseller's clerk in Phila. in 1816 ; commenced the business on his own account in 1823; was highly success- ful, and withdrew with a large fortune in 1850. The business of this house, now one of the largest in the U.S., is carried on by Messrs. J. B. Lippincott& Co. His .son, John Warner, d. Aug. 1869, leaving to various charities in Phila. $117,000. Grigsby. Hugh Blair, LL.D. (Wm. & M. Coll. 1855), historical writer, b. Norfolk, Va., 1806. Chancellor of Wm. & M. Coll. 1S71. Sonof Rev. Benj. Member of the Va. convention of 1829-30, respecting which he delivered an address in 1853 before the Va. Hist. Soa. He also del. a discourse on the Va. convention of 1776 before the Coll. of Wm. and Mary, July 3, 1855, pub. 8vo, 1855; and on L. W. Tazewell before the bar of Nor- folk, 29 Juno, 1860. Among his contribs. to the Southern Lit. Messenger is a paper on the Randolph Library. — Allibone. Grijalva (gre-hal'-vii), Juan de, the first Spanish navigator who landed on the coast of Mexico, b. Cuellar; slain by the Indians in Nicaragua, Jan. 21, 1527. Velasquez, gov. of Cuba, his uncle, gave him the com. of a fleet of 4 vessels, which. May I, 1518, sailed from St. Jago de Cuba to complete the dis- coveries made by Fernandez de Cordova in Yucatan in 1517. He coasted the Peninsula of Yucatan ; explored as far as the Province of Panuco, giving his name, and that of his companion Alvarado, to two rivers on the coast. On his return, he was reproached by Velasquez for having neglected to plant colo- nies on the coast. Grijalva, a man of integrity and prudence, had acted strictly in accordance with his instructions, and against his owu judgment. Grimes, James Wilson, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll.), statesman, b. Dcering, N.H., Oct. 20, 1816. Dartm. Coll. 1836. Emigrating to the West, he began to practise law at Burlington, Iowa, in 1836 ; was in 1839, and often after- ward, a member of the Iowa Terr. Assembly; gov. of Iowa, 1854-8 ; U.S. senator, 1859-71 ; delegate to the Peace Congress in 1861. Grimke, Frederic, jurist, bro. of T. S., b. Charleston, S.C., Sept. 1, 1791; d. Chil- licothe, 0., Mar. 8, 1863. Y.C. 1810. Some years pres. jnilge of the C.C.P. of Ohio. In 1836-41 he was a judge of the O. Supreme Court. Author of a work on the " Nature and Tendencies of Free Institutions," 1848, and of an essay on " Ancient and Modern Lite- rature." Grimke, John Faucheraud, LL.D, (N.J. Coll. 1789), judge of the Sup. Court of S.C. ; d. Aug. 1819. A col. in the Revol. army. He pub. a "Revised Edition of the Laws of S.C. to 1789," "On the Duty of Justices of the Peace,"" AProbate Directory," " Public Law of S.C," Phila. 1790, 4to. Grimke, Thomas Smith, LL.D. (Y.C. 1830), .scholar and philanthropist, son of Col. John F., b. Charleston, S.C, Sept. 26, 1786; d. of cholera near Columbus, Ohio, Oct. 11, 1834. Y.C 1807. He studied law at Charleston under Langdon Cheves, and rose to eminence at the bar and in the politics of his State. Among his more noted efforts were a speech in the State senate on the tariff ques- tion in 1828 in support of the Gen. Govt., and an argument on the constitutionality of the S.C. test act of 1834. He became one of the first classical scholars in the country. He contrib. both by purse and pen to the Amer. Peace Society, of which he was an able and disting. advocate, holding the opinion that even defensive warfare is wicked. He pub. several addresses and orations on various sub- jects, a volume of which was pub. at N. Haven in 1831. Grimshaw, William, author of school histories and grammar, b. 1782, Greencastle, Ireland ; d. Phila. 18.52. Emig. to Amer. in 1815, and lived many years in Phila. He pub. "Life of Napoleon;" "Etymological Die- GRI tionary," 1821; "Gentlemen's nncl Ladies' Lexicons," 1829; " Merchant's Law-Book ; " " Form Book," " American Chesterfield," &c. Grinnell, Moses H., merchant, b. New B.'.in.i-.l, M- , M;ir. .3, 1803;^\vas educated at jii ' ! iiid at Friends' Acad. ; was In II and frcqnentlv went abroad a^ ,n|.r,, ,u:;n llic distin-. firm of Grinnell, Mintnrn, .v Co., took thattitlein 1829, though tounded many years before bv Joseph Grinnell and Preserved Fish. He was one of the pro- moters of Dr. Kane's arctic exped. ISS'i-S ; collector of the port of N.Y. 1869-71 ; M.C. ISSO-ll. Joseph, his bro., also a disting. merchant, and M C. from Ms. 1844-52 ; b. 17 Nov. 1788. Griscom, John, LL.D., educator, b. Han- cock's Bridge, Salem Co., N.J., Sept. 27, 1774; d. Burlington, N.J., Feb. 2G, 18.32. He be- longed to a family of Friends. Began to teach at the age of 17, at the same time laboring on a farm; studied at the Friends' Acad, at I'iiila. ; had charge of the Friends' monthly meeting school in Burlington 13 years; delivered a course of public lectures on chemistry in his schoolroom in 1806 ; removed lo N.Y. "in 1807, and taught there 25 years. In 1818-19 he travelled extensively in Europe, jjublishing, on his return, " A Year in Kurope," 2 vols. i823. He was instrumental in founding the Society for the prevention of Pauperism in 1817 ; was 6 years its sec, and the author of many of its reports and appeals. He aNu )nnj(rted tlie N.Y. high school, which was iniilr, h,s snper- vision. He was a short time prnf n| ,.l,..,„„trv in Rutgers Med. Coll, and d.liv.ivd a course of lectures on nat. philos. before the Mercantile Library Assoc, in the winter of 1829-30. In 1832 he taught a Friends' board- ing-school at Providence, R I. ; also lecturing on chemistry and nat. philos. The latter part of his life was spent in Burlington, N. J , dis- charging the duties of town supcrinteiulent, and trustee of the public schools, and ri'-organ- izing the common-school system of N. J. His Memoir, by his son, was pub. in N.Y. 1859. — Dui/rk-inch, Griscom, John Hoskins. physician, son of I he preceding, b. N.Y. Aug. 14, 1809. U. of Pa. 1832. He studied medicine under Profs. Godman and Valentine Mott; became res. physician of the N.Y. Hos])ital ; was prof of chemistry in the N.Y. Coll. of Pharmacy from 183G to 1840, and has been visiting phvsician of the N. Y. Hospital since 1843. Frorn 1848 to 1851, 'he was gen. agent of the commission- ers of emigration. He has pub. "Animal Mechanism and Physiology,"! 839 ; "Sanitary Condition of the Laboring Cl.asses of N.Y. ;" "Uses and Abuses of Air, and the Means for the Ventilation of Buildings," 1850; an Ora- tion before the Acad, of Medicine, 1854 ; and a Memoir of his father, 1859. Griswold, Alexander Vietts, D.D. (B.U. and N. J. Colls. 1811), Pr. Ep. Bishop of the Eastern Diocese, b. Simsbury, Ct , Apr. 22, 1766; d. Boston, Feb. 15, 1843. He fol- lowed the occupation of his father, who was a farmer, for many years, devoting all his leisure time to study, until the age of 29, when he was adin. to holy .orders. He officiated in his na- tive State ; and in May, 1804, removed to Bris- tol, R. I., where he became rector of St. Mi- chael's Church, also teaching school. In 1810 the Eastern Diocese was organized ; and May 29, 1811, Dr. Griswold was consec. its first bishop. Though a man of great simplicity of manners, he soon became known as one of the most sagacious as well as learned ecclesiastics of the country, and was for 10 years chancellor of Brown U. In 1829 he removed to Salem, Ms., and became rector of St. Peter's Church in that city, and, a few years suliscquently, to Boston, where he resided until his death. On the death of Bishop White, in 1S36, ho became presiding bishop. He pub. " On the Reforma- tion and the Apostolic Office," 1843; "Ser- mons," 8vo, Phila. 1830; "Prayers," N.Y. ; " Remarks on Social Prayer-Meetings." A Life of Bishop Griswold has been pub. by Rev. J. S. Stone, D.D., Phila., 8vo. Griswold, C. C, landscape-painter, b. Delaw.are, O., 1834. His grandfather was a bro of Bishop G. Ezra, his father, assisted in editing and publishing the first newspaper in Columbus, O. C. C, the youngest of 5 bros., went at 17 to Cincinnati to learn wood-engrav- ing; came to N.Y. in 1850; exhibited at the Nat. Acad, of Design in 1857 ; and became an .academician in 1867. His only instruction best cfli'.jrts arc "December," " Winter M"'orn- i.ig." " Last ol the Ice," and an " August Day, Newport." — Tuckerinan. Gl'iswold, John A., merehant, and M.C. from N.Y. 18C3-9, b. Rensselaer Co.,N.Y., ab. 1822. Iron-merchant and banker. One year mayor of Troy. An energetic supporter of the Union during the civil war. To his efforts it was pi-incipally due that Ericsson's famous monitor was built. Griswold, M.\tthew, LL.D. (Y. C. 1779), gov. Ct. 1784-5, b. Lyme, Ct., 1716; d. there April, 1799. His patriotism and love of He was several years lieut.-gov. of the State, and judge of the Supreme Court ; and was pres. of the convention which ratified and adopted the Federal Constitution in 1788. Griswold, Roger, LL.D. (Y.C. 1812), gov. of Ct. (1811-13), b. Lyme, Mav 21,1762; d. Norwich, Oct. 23, 1812. Y.C. 1780. Son of Gov. Matthew. Adm. to practise law in 1783; M.C. from 1795 to 1805; warmly at- tached to' the principles of the Federal partv, and a powerful advocate of its measures. In 1801 he declined the office of sec. of war; in 1807 was app. a judge of the Sup. Court of Ct. ; was lieut -gov. 1809-1 1 , and was reganlcd as one of the first men in the nation in talents, political knowledge, force of eloquence, and profound legal ability. Griswold, Rufcs Wilmot, D. D., au- thor, b. Benson, Rutland Co., Vt., Feb. 15, 1815; d. N.York, Aug. 27,1857. Much of his early life was spent in voyaging about the world ; and before he was 20 he had seen the most interesting portions of his own country, and of Southern and Central Europe. He was at first a printer's apprentice, but studied divin- ity, and became a Baptist preacher. He soon became associated in the editorship of periodi- cals in Boston, N.Y., and Phila., such as the New-Yorker, Brother Jonut/ian, and tlie New IToiW. In 1841 he pub. an anonymous vol. of poems and a vol. of sermons ; in 1842-.3 he edited Graham's Magazine, and from 1850 to 1852 the Inlernalional Magazine in New York. Author of " Poets and Poetry of America," 1842; " Prose- Writers of America," 1846; " The Biographical Annual," 1842 ; " Christian Ballads and other Poems," 8vo, 1844 ; and " Scenes in the Life of the Saviour," 8vo ; " Female Poets of America," 1849; " Siicrcd Poets of En^'land and America," 1849 ; " Po- ets and Poetry of Enj^land in the 19th Centu- ry," 1854; "Curiosities of American Litera- turi'," ii|.p''ii'li'il to Disraeli; "Washington aiiil tlir I nun, lis of tlie Revolution," in con- juiic iiuii witli Siiiiins, Ingraham, and others, 2 viils ist7 ; " Xa|joleon and ihe Marshals of the Ernpi.c," with H. B. Wallace, 1847; and an illustrated vol. entitled " The Republican Court, or A.nericaii Society in the Days of Washing- ton," 1854. He edited the first American edi- tion of the prose-works of Milton, and was one of the editors of the works of Edgar A. Poe. He was engaged upon an illustrated Life of Washington at the time of his death. Griswold, Stasley, jurist, b. Torring- ford, Ct., Nov. 14, 1763 ; d. Shawneetown, 111., Aug. 21, 1815. Y.C. 1786. He was pastoral New Milford from 1790 to 1802, when he re- signed on account of political animosity occa- tioTjed by his Democratic views. He afterward preached a short time in Greenfield; edited in 1S04 a Democratic paper at Walpole, N.H., with spirit and ability ; and in 1805 was app. bv Jelii.Tson see. of .Michigan Terr. Remov- ing to Ohio, he was U.S. senator in 1809, and was afterward, for a short time, U.S. judge for the Noith-west Territory. He pub. some politi- cal sermons in 1800-2. Gross, John Daniel, D.D., prof of moral philos. at Col. Coll. 1787-95, ofGennan, 1784- 'j5, and minister in New York, h. Geimai.y, ajuli Ma been a |uipil ot Kern, and became the instruct- or of the accomplished Milledoler. During the Rcvol. he was pastor of a D. R. church on the frontier, and exposed to many perils. At its close he removed to New York. He |iub. " Natmal Principles of Rectitude," a sys- Gross, Samuel D., M.D. (1828), physician and surgeon, b. near Easton, Northampton Co., P.I., July, 1805. He began practice in Phila., translating Holland's " General Anatomy," Hatin's "Manual of Obstetrics," Hilden- brand on " Tvphus-Fever," and Tavernier's " Operative Surgery." His first original work was "l)ise:iscs and Iniurics of the Bones and Joints," 1830. He moved to Easton in 1830, but in the fall of 1833 went to Cincinnati as demonstrator of anatomy in the Med. Coll. of Ohio. He became prof, of patliological anat- omy there in 1833, delivering the first systemat- ic course of lectures on morbid anatomy ever given in this country ; and pub. '• Elements of Pathological Anatomy," 2 vols. 1839. Prof, of surgery in the Louisville U. 1840-50. Prof, of surgery in the U. of N.Y., but i chair in Louisville shortly after. Since 1856 he has filled the chair of surgery in Jeflf. Coll. Phila. His other works are " Wounds of the Intestines," 1843; "Diseases, Injuries, and Malformations of the Urinary Organs," 1851 ; " Foreign Bodies in the Air-Passages," 1854; "Report on the Causes which retard the Progress of American Medical Literature," 1856; " System of Surgery, Pathological, Di- agnostic, Therapeutic, and Operative," 2 vols. 1859. He pub. in 1861 " Amcr. Medical Biog- raphy." In conjunction with Dr. Uicharijso i, he founded and edits the N. A. Medico-Chirur- gical Review, AwA has eontrib. numerous papers.- to various medical periodicals. Grover, CuviEit, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Bethel, Me., July 24, 1829. West Point, 1850. Entering the 1st Art., he became in 1855 Istlieut. 10th Inf. ; Sept. 17, 1858, capt.; brig.- gen. of vols. April 14, 1862; maj. 3d Inf. 31 Aug. 1863 ; lieut.-col. 38th Inf. 28 July, 1866. He was assigned a brigade in Heintzelman's corps of the Army of the Potomac. At the second battle of Bull Run, his brigade fought under Gen. Hooker, and disting. itself by a bayonet-charge. When Hooker took command of the troops at Fairfax, Grover took Hooker's division. He com. a division 19Lh corps Dept. of the Gulf, 30 Dee. 1862,toJuly, 1864; and in the Shenandoah campaign, Aug.-Dec. 1864, being engaged at Opequan, Fisher's Hill, and at Cedar Creek, where he was wounded ; and com. dist. of Savannah, Ga., Jan-June, 1865; brev. lieut.-col. for Williamsburg, col. for Fair Oaks, brig.-gen. for Cedar Creek, and maj.- gen. for merit, services during the Rebellion. — Cullum. Groves, Webber, author of a work on " Commercial Intercourse between Great Brit- ain and America ;"d.N.H., Mar. 1793, a. 97. Grow, Galusiia A., politician, b. Ashford, Ct., Aug. 31, 1823. Amh. Coll. 1844. Adm. to the bar in 1847 ; settled among the moun- tains of Pa. for his health, and was in 1850 a surveyor of wild lands; M.C. 1851-3. '5.5- 7, and 1859-63 ; chairman of the com. on Ter- ritories, 1859-61 ; delegate to the Bait, con- vention 1864 ; speaker of 37th Congress. Grund, Francis J., author, b. Germany ab. 1803; d. Phila. Sept. 29, 1863, from apo- plexy induced by alarm at an apprehended as- sault by a mob. He had been long a resident of Phifa., and was a frequent eontrib. to the public prints. Under Pres. Buchanan he held a foreign app. ; and in 1861 was consul at Havre. Returning to Phila. soon after, he es- tab. there a new paper, The Age. The even- ing before his death, he made an able speech at the Union League in Phila. Author of " The Americans in their Moral, Social, and Political Relations," 1837; "Aristocracy in America," 1839 ; " Algebraic Problems ; " ele- ments of " Chemistry," and of " Nat. Philos- ophy ; " and " Plane and Solid Geometry." Grundy, Felix, jurist and statesman, b. Berkeley Co., Va., Sept. 11, 1777; d. Nash- ville, Tenn., Dec. 19, 1840. His father, an Englishman, settled in Ky.in 1780. Felix w.ts educated at the Bardstown Aead. by the cele- brated Priestley ; studied law, and became emi- nent, especially in criminal cases. Member of 390 gttm: the Ky. Const. Conv. in 1799 ; member of the legisl.' 1800-5 ; chosen judge of the Sup. Court in 1806; and soon afterward chief justice. Re- moving to Nashville in the winter of 1807-8, he held there the first rank in liis profession ; M.C. 1811-14, and a firm supporter of the ad- ministration during the war with Great Brit- ain ; several vears in the Tenn legisl. ; U.S. senator 1829-38, and again in 1840 ; and U.S. atty.-gen. 1838-40. He was a zealous support- er of Gen. Jackson. — Nat. Port. Gallen/. Grymes, John R., an eminent lawyer, b. Orange Co., Va., 1786; d. N. Orleans, Dec. 4, 1834. Removing to La. in 1808, he took a prominent part in all public transactions ; was a vol. aide to Gen. Jackson at the battle of N. Orleans; was his counsellor in the subsequent legal proceedings which obtained such histori- cal notoriety ; held at times the office of U.S. dist.-atty. and of atty.-gen. ; and served in the State legisl. and in tlie State Const. Conv. He was engaged, directly or indirectly, in nearly every case of magnitude in the courts where he practised ; was a man of acknowledged learning and eloquence; and was counsel for Mrs. Gaines, in opposition to Mr. Webster. Guardiola, Santos, pres. of Honduras, b. Tegucigalpa, 1812. Entering the army at an early age, his daring and cruelty in the civil wars of Central America earned him the name of the " Tiger of Honduras." In an ef- fort to overthrow the govt, of his native State in 1850, lie was defeated and banished. In 1856 he joined the Nicaraguan forces as gen. of division. Defeated, first by Walker, then by Munoz, and returned to Honduras, where, by a revol. movement, aided from Guatimala, he was raised to the presidency. Guatimozin (gwa-te-mo"'-zin), last king of Mexico; d. 1522. Nephew of Montezuma, on the death of whose bro. Queilevaca, in 1520, he was unanimously raised to the throne. He exerted himself with vigor in the defence of his capital, and repulsed an attempt by Cortes to take it by storm. Attempting to retreat across the lake, he was intercepted by the brig- antines posted for that purpose, and made pris- oner. When brought before Cortes, he con- ducted himself with the calm dignity of a prince who was conscious of having done all in his power to save his country, and was will- ing to fall along, with it. Irritated by the smallncss of the treasures found in the ca]:- tured city^ Cortes inhumanly ordered Guati- mozin to be put to the torture in order to force a discovery of more. He, with his chief favor- ite, was stretched upon burning coals. He en- dured the pain in silence, and observing his companion to cast a piteous look, as if desirous to relieve himself by a disclosure, he darted an indignant glance upon him, exclaiming, " Do I lie upon a bed of flowers? " Ashamed of his cruelty. Cortes rescued the king, and remanded him to prison. Some time after, upon an in- surrection of the Mexicans, the Spaniard, upon a baresuspicion that Guatimozin was concerned in the plot, caused him to be hanged without trial. Guerard, Ben.iamin, gov. of S.C. 1783- 5 ; speaker of the house, 1783 ; d. Charleston, S.C, Jan. 1789. Guerrero (gSr-ra'-ro), Vicente, pres. of Mexicol829; d. Feb. 14, 1831. BybirthaCre- ole. At the commencement of the revol he took arms against the royalists. From 1819 to 1828, Gen. Guerrero repeatedly became the rallying- point of the liberal or popular party, the Yor- kinos, and was repeatedly called into active service in his military capacity. Having been successful in various contests, he at length in 1829 was elected to the presidency. The ex- ped. of Barradas soon gave employment to the new govt., and, the better to enable the pres. to meet the exigency, he was invested with extraor- dinary powers ; but after the victory over the Spanish troops, and when the invading expedi- tion was destroyed, Guerrero evinced an unwill- ingness to relinquish the dictatorship, which became the pretext of another revol. ; and Bustamente, the vice-pres., awumed the reins of government. Guerrero, having been desert- ed by his troops, resigned his office to Busta- mente. In Sept. 1830, Guerrero collected a large force at Valladolid, and established a form of govt, in opposition to that of Bustamente ; but he was soon after defeated by Gen. Bravo, taken, and shot at Cailapa. Guess, Geokge, or Sequoyah, a Chero- kee half-breed, inventor of the Cherokee alpha- bet, b. ab. 1770; d. San Fernando, Northern Mexico, in Aug. 1843. He cultivated a small farm in the Cherokee country of Ga., and was known as an ingenious silversmith, when in 1826 he invented a syllabic alphabet of the language of his nation, of 85 characters, which was applied to writing and printing with com- plete success. Cherokee children were able to master the alphabet in a short tiuie, and to write letters to their friends ; and a newspaper Q^lled the Plicemx was established in 1828. He accomp. his tribe in their emigration beyond the Mpi., and resided for some time in Brain- erd. Guest, John, capt. U.S.N., b. Mo. March 7,1821. Midshipman Dec. 16, 1837; licut. Dec. 24, 1850; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866. Attached to steamer "Poinsett," snrvey of T.ampa Bay, 1844-5; to frigate " Congress," Pacific squad, in Mexican war, 1845-8; boarded at Shanghai in 1854 a Chi- nese man-of-war, and liberated a pilot-boat's crew who were nnder the protection of the Amer. flag ; second in com. of " The Plym- outh " in a severe action with the Chinese at Shanghai, April, 1854 ; in com. of the boats of " The Niagara," cut out rebel schooner " Aid," under the guns of Fort Morgan, Aug. 1861 ; com. steamer " Owasco " at capture of N. Orleans and battles on the Mississippi, in- cluding Vicksbnrg, 1862 ; com. iron-clad " Le- high " 1863, and steamer " Iosco " at both at- tacks on Fort Fisher. Guild, Reuben A., librarian of Brown U. since 1848, b. West Dedham, Ms., 1822. B.U. 1847. Has pub. "Life of James Manning," 1864; "Librarian's Manual," 1858; "Hist. Sketch of Brown Univ.." and " Account of the Writings of Roger Williams," 1862. Gummere, John, teacher, b. Willow Grove, Pa., 1784; d. 1845. He taught school over 40 years successively at Horsham, Ranco- cus. West Town, Burlington, and Havcrford. 391 GAVI Upon liis retirement from the Friends' Coll. at Haverford, he resumed his boarding-school at Burlington (previously conducted by him in 1814—33) in connection with his eldest son Samuel J. His celebrated Treatise on Survey- ing passed through many editions. His As- tronomy was pub. 1822. A Memorial of his Life was privately printed by W. J. Allinson of Burlington, 1845. A.M. of N.J. Coll. 1825 ; U. of Pa. 1826. — ^Wiojie. Gunnison, John W., captain U.S. engi- neers, b. Nil. 1811 ; killed bv the Utah Indians Oct. 26, 1S5:3, on the Sevier River, while su- perintending a govt, survev. West Point, 1837. He served in the Seminole war, and for about lU years was employed in the survey of the North-western Lakes and in the improve- ment of the harbors ; in 1849-51 he was asso- ciated with Capt. Stansbury in the survey of the Great Salt Lake Region, and made an able report thereon. Author of a work on the Mormons, Phila. 8vo, 1852. Gurney, Gen. Francis, b. Bucks Co., Pa., about 1738; d. May 25, 1815. After re- couiury-school education, he vol. in tlie Provincial army ; participated in the ex- ploits and danu'crs of Putnam and other parti- san ufficLTS ; and took part in the capture of Cape Breton and the W. India islands. After the war, he settled as a merchant in Phila.; ■was among the first to raise his voice in behalf of the liberties of his conniiy : \va^ liiL-ldv in- strumental in forming and d;-. i ■ !■! ,i;^ i;ii.i[:ii y corps. App. acapt. Mav 'J.'!, :'r. I • a\w in 1776 licut-col. in the II 1' :;nd was at the battles of Iron ll:!, I!r,n: !-, v, nic, and Germantown. He rc-nnicd mercantile pursuits at the peace. Was warden of the port of Phila., alderman, pres. of the select council, representative and senator in the State legisl., a trustee of Dick. Coll., and brig. -gen of mili- tia. He com. a regt. emploved in quelling the " Wliiskev Insurrection " iii 1794. —Portfolio, 1815. Gurowski, Codnt Adam de, b. Palati- nate of Kaleig. Poland, Sept. 1 0, 1 805 ; d. Wash- ington, May 4, 1866. Son of Count Ladislas G., who lo,~t most of his estates in consequence of the insurrection of 1794. Adam was in 1818, and again in 1819, expelled from school for patriotic ebullitions. From 1820 to 1825 he studied in various German universities. He was several times imprisoned by Constahtine for opposition to Russian influence. From 1836 to 1844 he was employed in Russia by the emperor, first in his private chancery, and after- ward in the department of public instruction ; and lectured 2 years at the U. of Berne on Polit. Econoniv. He came to the U. S, in 1849, and wrote for the .V. V, r.ih,,,,. He ,.nh "F.a Verity sur hi Hiis.f. ;■ 1 - Ti ; '■ I ' < :: ^::-..,iinn et la Russir," 184M; / . 1 Polonais," 1841 ;■ ,' - , .." 1846; "PanslavisMi," l^ts, " liu^.^iaa., n Is," 1854 ; " A Year of the War," 8vo. N.Y., 1855; " America and Europe," 1857; and a " Diary," 1862-4. Count G. spoke 8 languages fluently. Guthrie, James, LL.D., lawyer and states- man, b. near Bardstown,' Nelson Co., Ky., Dec. 5, 1792; d. Louisville, Ky., March 13, 1869. Of Scotch desceut. His father. Gen. Adam Guthrie, was an early pioneer to the West from Va. ; bore a disting. part in the struggles with the Indians, and represented his county in the Ky. legisl. for 8 or 10 years. James, after completing his academical course at Bardstown, became a trader on the Mpi., but afterwards studied law, and acquired a lucrative practice in Louisville, Kv., where he settled in 1820. Mr. Guthrie for 15 years represented that city in the legisl. with great ability, integrity, and zeal. He was disting. as a debater and business-man, and the convention which formed the stitution of Ky. in 185^ under Pierce in 1853-7. the Chicago Democ. Cc elected to the U.S. sena from ill health in Feb, fiistly loyal during the preventing Ky. from jo Though pres. over ; sec. of the treasury He was a delegate to vention in 1864 ; was ! in 1865, but resigned 866. He was stead- ar, and was active in ling the Confederacy. :d to antislaverv agi- in secession as ; tation, he did not believe Guthrie, Dr- Samuel, chemist, d. Sack- tt's Harbor, N.Y., Oct. 19, 1848. He is said cussion-pills, which, uiih "caps," have en- tirely supersedeil the old flintdock fire-arm. In his experiments he nearly lost his life from accidental explosions. He is noted for being one of the three Independent discoverers of chloiolorm, which was simultaneously obtained by Soubcirau in France.and Liebigin Germany, although itsansestheiic properties were unknown for a long time after. Guyot (§e'-o'), Arnold Henry, Ph. D., LL.D.. naturalist, b. near Neuchatel, Switzer- land, Sept. 8, 1807. Berlin U. 1835. He was eaVly acquainted with Agassiz, with whom he studied; and quitted theol. for scientific pur- suits. His thorough investigations into the ge- ology of the Alps, particularly upon the trans- portati^jn of bowlders, were pub. Paris, 1848. From 1839 to 1848 he was prof, of history .and physical geography at the Acad, of Neuchatel. The political disturbances of the times caused him to emigrate to the U.S. A course of lec- tures delivered at Boston in the winter of 1848-9, on the Relations between Physical Geography and Historv, were pub. with the title "Earth and Man," l'849. He subsequently m.ide scientific tours in the U.S., and delivered lectures in the Ms. normal schools. In 1855 he became prof, of physical geography in N.J. Coll. Also authorof " Directions for Meteoro- logical Observations," 8vo, 1 850 ; " Meteorolo- gical Tables," 8vo, 1852; and of a series of maps and of school geographies in general use. — Diiyckinck. Gwin, William McKendry, politician, b. Sumner Co., Tenn, Oct. 9, 1805. Transylv. j'. - U. Kv. He studied medicine; settl^ at Vicks- ^ , was commis. of public buildings to superintend the erection of the N. Orleans custom-house in 1847: removed to Cal. in 1848; was a mem- ber of the convention for framing the constitu- tion of Cal. in 1849; and was one of the first U.S. senators from that State, having been elected in 1850, and re-elected in 1856. Early in I8G1 he was arrested for disloyalty, but was released in 1863. In Jan. 1865 he was at the head of an emigration scheme for the settle- ment of secessionists in Sonora, under the aus- pices of Maximilian. Gwin, William, commander U.S.N., b. Columbus, Inil., 18'U: d. Jan. 3, 1863, from wounds received at Haines Bluff. Midshipm. 1847; licut. Sept. I.'j, 1850; July 16, 1862, lieut. commander, lie com. the " Cambridge " block.ader on the Atlantic coast; in the " Tj-- ler ; " served at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, the Yazoo exped., and the attack on Haines Bluff. Gwinnett, Button, signerof the Declara- tion of Independence, b. Eng. ab. 1732; d. May 27, 1777. After receiving a good educa- tion, and engaging in mercantile pursuits at Bristol, in 1770 he emig. to Charleston, S.C. In 1772 he purchased a plantation with a number of negroes on St. Catherine's Island, Ga., and gave his attention to agriculture. Though an opponent of British oppression, yet he was one of those cautious, doubting men, who viewed the success of the Colonies in an open rupture with Eng. as highly prob- lematical. Shortly after the commencement of the Kevol., he took an active part in politi- cal affairs ; and in 1776 the Gen. Assembly of the Province elected him a representative to the Gen. Congress. In Feb. 1777 he was app. a member of the State Const. Conv. ; and is said to have furnished the basis of the instru- ment afterwards adopted. He was soon chosen pres. of the prov. council, and in this station displayed personal enmity in thwarting the operations of Gen. Mcintosh, by whom he was mortally wounded in a duel. May 15. In May, 1777, Gwinnett was an unsuccessful candidate for the office of gov. of the State. Gwyn, Francis Edward, a British gen. ; d. Jan. 1822. App. ensign 17th Dragoons, Feb. 1760; capt. 16th Drags. July, 1769; raaj. Aug. 1775 ; lieut.-col. 20th Drags. May, 1779; col. March, 1794; maj-gen. Dec. 1793'; lieut.- gen. June, 1799; gen. Apr. 1808; gov. of Sheerness, 1815. He served in three cam- paigns in America under Howe, Clinton, and Cornwallis, in com. of the British cavalry. — Pliilipart. Gwyn, John, capt. U.S.N., b. Md. ; d. Palermo, Sicily, Sept. 4, 1849. Midshipm. Mav 18, 1809 ;"lieut. Apr. 27, 1816; com. Feb. 9, l'837; capt. Apr. 17, 1842. Habersnani, James, statesman, b. Bever- ly, Yorkshire, Eng., 1712; d. N. Brunswick, N. J., Ang. 28, 1775. He accomp. his friend Geo. Whitefield to Savannah, where they ar- rived May 7, 1738. There he opened a school for orphans and destitute children; but in 1744 became a merchant. In 1750 he was app. with Pickering Robinson a commissioner to advance the culture of silk in the colony; in 1754 he was app. sec. of the province, and one of the councillors ; in 1767 he was pres. of the upper house of assembly ; in 1769-72 the duties of gov. devolved upon him in the absence of Sir James Wright. Three of his sons, James, Jo- seph, and John, were zealous patriots. — Ga. Colls. 197. Habersham, Major John, d. Chatham Co., Ga., Nov. 19, 1799, a. 45. Maj. 1st Ga. cont. regt. ; member Cont. Cong. 1785-6; col- lector ot the port of Savannah 1789-99. Habersham, Col. Joseph, statesman, son of James, b. Savannah, Ga., July 28, 1751 ; d. there Nov. 17, 1815. In July, 1774, he was a member of the first com. app. by the friends of liberty in Ga. ; was one of those who in 1775 seized the powder in the arsenal for the use of the patriots ; in June was app. to the council of safety; and in July com. a party which captured a govt, ship with munitions of war, including 15,000 pounds of powder. Jan. 18, 1776, while a member of the Assembly, he raised a party of vols., who took Gov. Wright prisoner, and confined him to his house under a guard. App. Feb. 4, 1776, maj. of the 1st Ga. batt., he defended Savannah from a Brit- ish naval attack early in March. When Sa- vannah was taken in 'the winter of 1778, he re- moved his family to Va., but, on the landing of D'Estaing, engaged in the disastrous at- tack in Sept. 1779. At the close of the war, he held the rank of lieut.-col. In 1785 and again in 1790 he was speaker of the Assembly. App. by Washington postmaster-gen. in 1795; resigned 1801. Pres. of the U.S. Branch Bank at Savannah from 1802 until the expiration of its charter. A county of his native State bears his name. — iVu(. Porl. Gallery. Hackett, Horatio Balch, D.'D., LL.D. (Amh. 1862), biblical scholar, b. Salisbury, Ms., Dec. 27, 1808. Amh. Coll. 18.'50. lie studied theol. at Andovcr until 1834, and then at Halle and Berlin in Germany ; was a tutor one year at Amh. Coll. ; 4 years pruf of an- cient languages at Brown U. ; and IVuui 1839 to 1868 occupied the chair of biblical litera- ture in the Newton Theol. Inst. Ho travelled in Europe in 1851-2; and in 1858-9 studied modern Greek at Athens to aid him in inter- preting the New Testament, besides visiting Grecian cities of biblical interest. He has pub. Plutarch, with notes, 1844 ; a translation of Winer's Chaldee Grammar, with additions, 1845; "Hebrew Grammar," " Hebicw Pveailer," 1847; " Commentary on the Acts," 18.J1 and 1858; "Illustrations of Scripture, suggested by a Tour through the Holy Land," 1855, re- printed in Eng. and Scotland ; and " Christian Memorials of the War," 12mo, 1864. He has contrib. much to the Christian Review and the Bibliotheea Sacra, Hackett, James Henry, comedian, b. N.Y. Mar. 15, 18U0. At first engaged in trade, and in 1819 m. Catharine Leesugg, a popular actress at the Park Theatre, who d. cock, in " Love in a Village," and soon became a favorite in broad comedy. In 1828, again in 1832, and 1845, he played in Eng. with suc- cess ; and in the intervals performed in most of the Amer. cities. In 1849 he was a joint manager, with Win. Niblo, of the Astor-place Opera House during the engagement of Mac- ready, which resulted in the Astor-place riots. He was in Lond. again in 1851. He was one of the first to introduce the Yankee type of our character upon the stage, and was i)0])ular in such parts as Nimrod Wildfire in " The Ken- HLA.C tuckian," Fulstaff, and other humorous Shak- spearian cliaracters, and is a great mimic. Author of " Notes, Criticisms," &c.. on Shak- speare, 1863. D. Jamaica, L.I., 27 Dec. 1871. Hackleman, Pleasant Adam, brig.-gen. vols., b. Franklin Co., Ind., 1817 ; killed at the battle of Corinth, O^t. 4, 1862. He was a prominent lawyer, and edited the Rashville Re- publican from 1840 to 1861. In 1841 he was a member of the Ind. lefiis!., and for several years after clerk of Rush Co.; in 1860 he was a member of the Ilepub. Nat. Conv. at Chica_i;o ; member of the peace conference at Washington, Feb. 4, 1861 ; entered the ser- vice in May as col. 10th Ind. vols., and, after the first bat'tle of Bull Run, served under Gen. Banks in Va. Made brig.-gen. Apr. 28, 1802, he was in June ordered to report to Gen. Grant in the S.W. He took an active part in the battle of luka ; and at Coiinth fell in the second day's fight. Haekiey, Charles W., clergyman and teaclier, li. Herkimer Co., N.Y., Mar. 9, 1809 ; d. N.Y. Jan. 10, 1861. West Point, 1829. Acting assist, prof, of math, at West Point to Sept. 183.3. Prot.-Epis. clergyman from 1834 ; prof. math, in Uuiv. of NY. 18.3.3-9 ; pres. of Jeff. Coll. Mpi. 1839 ; prof. math, and astron. Col. Coll. 1843-61. Author of " Treatise on Algebra," 1846 ; " Elementary Course of Ge- ometry," 1847 ; and " Elements of Trigonom- etry." He was a contrib. to many scientific periodicals as well as to the journals of the day, and was active in the establishment of an as- tron. observatory in N.Y. City. Hadden, James M., a Brit. gen. ; d. Eng. Oct. 28, 1817. He was a loyalist; served un- der Burgoyne and Cornwallis; app. lieut. art. July 7, 1779; capt. Mar. 1784; col. 1804; maj.-gen. 1811; sec. to the Duke of Richmond in 1793 ; adj.-gen. under Sir Charles Stuart in Portugal. Haddock, Chakles Brickett, D. D., belles-lettres scholar, b. Franklin, N.II., June 20, 1796 ; d. W. Lebanon, N.H., Jan. 15, 1861. Dartm. Coll. 1816; And. Sem. 1819. His moth- er was a sister of Daniel Webster. He occu- pied the chair of rhetoric and belles-lettres at Dartm. Coll. from 1819 to 1838, and that of intell philos. and polit. econ. from 1838 to 1854. He was charqi d'affaires from the U.S. to Portugal from i85I to 1855. He was 4 years in the N.H. legisl., where he introduced and carried through the present common-school system of the State, and was the first school commiss. under it. He was the father of the railroad sys'.cm in N.H., had written with abil- ity on almost every subject, and was thorough- ly versed in public law. His anniv. orations, lectures, reports for 15 years on edncation, ser- mons, writings on agriculture, rhetoric, &c., are quite numerous. He pub. a vol. of address- es and other writings, including occasional sermons, 8vo, 1846 ; and was a contrib. to the Bill. Repertori/, the Bibliotheca Sacra, and other periodicals. Hadley, James, LL.D. (Wesl. U. 1866), scholar, son of James, prof of chcm. of Geneva Coll. (1840-53), b. Fairfield, Herkimer Co., N.Y., 30 Mar. 1821. Y.C. 1842. Assist, prof, of Greek at Yale, 1848-51 ; since which he has been full prof. Married in Aug. 1851 a dau. of Stephen Twining of N. Haven. Author of a Greek grammar, 1860, founded on the German work of G. Curtius, and " Elements of the Greek Language," 1869. Contrib. to various lit. and sclent, periodicals, especially the Netv-Ent/hmder. — Thomas. Hagner, Peter v., brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. D.C, West Point, 1836. Enter- ing the 1st Art., he was trans, to the ordnance corps in 1838; became capt. 10 July, 1851 ; maj. 3 Aug. 1861 ; lieut.-col. 1 June, 1863; col. 7 Mar. 1867; brev. capt. 18 Apr. 1847 for Cerro Gordo; brev. maj. 13 Sept. 1847 for Chapulrepec; and brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 ; wounded at the San Cosme Gate in assault on and capture of City of Mexico, 14 Sept. 1847. — Cu//um. Hague, William, D.D. (B.U. 1849), clergyman and author, b. N.Y. ab. 1805. Ham. Coll., N.Y., 1826. He has been pastor of Baptist churches in Boston, Providence, New- ark (N.J.), Albany, N.Y. City, Chicago, (111.) ; and is now (1870) at Orange, N.J. Besides many occasional addresses and minor works, he has pub. the "Baptist Church Transplanted from the Old World to the New," 1846; "Christianity and Statesmanship," 1855; " Home Life," 1855 ; " Guide to Conv. on the Gospel of St. John; " " Review of Drs. Way- land and Fuller on Slavery;" Hist. Dis- course, 200th anuiv. 1st Bapt. Ch., Prov., 7 Nov. 1839. Hahn, Michael, gov. of La. 1864-8, b. Bavaria, Nov. 1830. Brought to La. when a child, and educated in New Orleans ; became a lawver; and was M.C. in 1862-4. LL.B. U. of La. Haight, Henry Hcntly, gov. Cal. 1867- 71, b. Rochester, N.Y., 20 May, 1825. Y.C. 1844. Son of Fletcher M. Adm. to the bar of St. Louis in Oct. 1846 ; settled in the prac- tice of law in San Francisco in 1850 ; U.S. district judge of Cal. under Pres. Lincoln. Gov. H. practised law successfully in St. Louis, and afterward in San Francisco; and early in the war was a Repub., but was elected gov. by the Democ. party. Haines, Charles Glidden, lawyer and politician, b. Canterbury, N. H., 1793; d. Blooraingdale, N. Y., July 3, 1852. Midd. Coll. 1816. He began to practise in N.Y. in 1818; and was a political supporter of DeWitt Clinton, and adj.-gen. of the State. He pub. " Considerations on the Canal," 1818 ; " Me- moir of T. A. Emmet," 1829. — xV. Y. Stales- Hakluyt (bak'-loot), Richard, one of the Corp. of adventurers for the prosecution of discoveries in N. A., b. 1555; d. Eaton, Herefordshire, Nov. 23, 1616, a. 61. He com- menced his education at Westminster School. Removing in 1575 to Christ Church Coll., Ox- ford, he became so eminent for his acquaintance with cosmography, that he was app. public lecturer on that science. He pub. in 1582 a " Collection of Voyages and Discoveries," which was the basis of a subsequent work on a larger scale. In 1587 he translated into English a French account of Florida by Capt Laudonnier, which he dedicated to Sir W. 894 Raleigh. After his return from Paris in 1539, where he had been five years chaplain to the English ambassador, and during which absence he had been nominated to a prebend in Bristol Cathedral, he was chosen by Raleigh a member of the corporation, to whom he assigned his patent for the prosecution of discoveries in Amer. In consequence of this, he prepared his grand work, " The Principal Navigations, Voyages, and Discoveries of the English Nation, made by Sea or Overland within the Compass of these 1500 Years." The first vol. in folio was pub. in 1589, the third and last in 1600. In 1605 Hakluyt was promoted to a prebend at Westminster, which, with the rectory of Weth- eringset, Suffolk, was his only ecclesiastical preferment. He pub. several geographical works besides those above mentioned ; among them " Virginia richly valued by the Descrip- tion of Florida," London, 1609, 4to, which is both scarce and curious ; a " Historie of the West Indies," translated from Peter Martyr ; a translation of Leo's " Description of Africa," and Antonio Galvano's " History of Dis- coveries " from the Portuguese. The mann- script papers of Hakluyt were used by Purchas, another geographical collector. The name of this author has been perpetuated by a contem- porary navigator, Henry Hudson, who gave the name of Hakhiyt's headland to a promon- torv on the coast of Greenland in 1608. — Biog. Brit. Haldeman, S. S., naturalist and philol- ogist, b. near Columbia, Lancaster Co., Pa., 1812. He studied at Dick Coll. until 18-30; was app. an assist, in the N.J. geol. survev in 1836, and in that of Pa. in 1837. While thus engaged, he discovered the oldest fossil then known, the " Scotilhus Linearis." He held the chair of natural history in the U. of Pa. from 1851 to 1855, and since then in Del. Coll., Newark. He is also prof, of geol. and chem. to the Agric. Society of Pa. at Harrisburg, and is a disting. entomologist. In the " Biblio- graphia " of Agassiz is a list of 73 memoirs, by Haldeman, of subjects in conchology, entomol- ogy, and paleontology, pub. in various scientific journals. His recent investigations have been into the philos. of language. They are em- bodied in an essay, " Analytic Orthography," which obtained in Eng. in 1858 the highest Trevellyan prize over 18 European competitors. His memoir on the relations of the Chinese and English languages appeared in the " Pro- ceedings " of the Amer. Assoc, for the Ad- vancement of Science in 1856. He has also pub. " Zoological Contributions," Pliila. 1842- 3 ; " Report on Linguistic Ethnology," 8vo, Camb. 1856. Haldimand, Sir Frederick, K.B.. a British gen., b. in canton of Neuchatel, Oct. 1718; d. at Yeverden, Switzerland, June 5, 1791. He early entered the Prussian service, but in 1754, with his friend Bouquet, entered the British army ; and he was app. lieut.-col. of the 60th Roy. Amer. Regt. Jan. 4, 1756, and came to Amer. in 1757. He disting. himself signally in the attack on Ticonderoga, July 8, 1758 ; and, by his defence of Oswego in 1759 against the attack of 4,000 French and Indians under La Corne, won high renown. He ac- comp. the army under Amherst from Oswego to Montreal in 1760; and in 1762 was pro- moted to be col. Employed in Fla. in 1767, immediately on his arrival at Pensacola he caused the fort to be considerably extended, widened the streets, and otherwise improved the place. May 25, 1772, he became maj.-gen. in America, and, in Oct. following, col. of the 60th Foot. He returned to England in Aug. 1775 for the purpose of giving information to the ministry on the state of the Colonics, and was commissioned a gen. in America, Jan. 1, 1776; in 1777 lieut.-gen. in the army, and licut.-gov. of Quebec, where he succeeded Carleton as gov. in 1778, and administered its affairs in an oppressive and arbitrary manner until the close of 1784, when he returned to Ensrland. Hale, Benjamin, D.D., educator, b. New- bury, Ms., Nov. 23, 1797; d. July 15, 1863. Bowd. Coll. 1818. On leaving college, he be- came principal of the Saco Acad. ; then studied theology at Andover ; was licensed to preach as a Congregationalist in Jan. 1822; became tutor in Bowd. Coll. in 1823, and principal of the Gardiner Lyceum 1822-7; prof of chem- istry and mineralogy in Dartm. Coll. from 1827 to 1835; spent the winter of 1835-6 in St. Croix, W.I. ; and was pres. of Geneva Coll., N.Y., from 1836 until from ill health compelled to resign, Jan. 19,1858. While at Dartm. Coll. he took orders in the Prot.-Epis. Church ; delivered lectures on chemistry, pharmacy, raed. jurisprudence, and nat. philos., and founded its valuable geol. and mineral, cabinet. He pub. " Introduction to the Me- chanical Principles of Carpentry," 1827; and " Scriptural Illustrations of the Liturgy," 1835 ; besides sermons, addresses, and educa- tion.al pamphlets. Hale, Charles, journalist, b. Boston, June 7, 1831. H.U. 1850. Son of Nathan. In 1852 he established and edited To-Daij, a literary journal ; was subsequentlv editor of the Boston Daily Advertiser; and' was U.S. consul to Egypt 1 864-70. Author of several pamphlets; contrib. to the N. Amer. Rev. and the Amer. Almanac. Hale, D.wiD, journtilist, b. Lisbon, Ct., Apr. 25, 1791 ; d. Fredericksburg, Va., Jan. 20, 1849. Son of Rev. David of South Cov- entry. After teaching school for a time, he removed to Boston in 1809, and in 181.') com- menced business there, but was unNucccssful. He was avigorous writer, and a frequent contrib. to periodicals. In 1827 he removed lo N.Y., and became the assoc. editor of the Journal of Com- merce, and afterwards a joint proprietor in it. He was a prominent advocate of free-trade, the sub-treasury, and other financial measures of the Democratic party. In 1840 he purchased the Broadway Tabernacle, a large public hall, where an Orthodox Cong, church on the N. England plan of individual freedom was estab- lished. He gave liberally to other churches, and maintained missionaries in several of the thinly-settled portions of the country. A Memoir, with some of his writings, was pub. by Rev. Joseph P. Thompson, 8vo, 1845. Hale< Edward Everett, clergyman and author, b. Boston, Apr. 3, 1822. H.U. 1839. 395 Pastor of the Church of the Unity, Worcester, from Apr. 29, 1846, to 1856 ; and of the South Cong. Church, Boston, since that time. Son of Hon. Nathan Hale. Has pub. " The Ro- sary," 12mo, 1848; " Margaret Perceval in America," 12mo, 1850 ; " Sketches of Christian History," 1 2mo, 1850 ; " Kansas and Nebraska," 12mo, 1854; "Letters on Irish Emigration," 1852; "Man without a Country;" "If, Yes, and Perhaps," 1868; "Ingham Papers;" "Ten Times One are Ten," 1870; "Life of Sir Ralph Lane," in Trans. Autiq. Soc. v. ; " Sybaris and Other Homes." Editor and contrib. to the C/iristian Examiner, Old and New, and many other periodicals. Hale, Enoch, M.D. (II. U. 1813), physician, h. VVesthamptoii, Ms., Jan. 19, 1790; d. Bos- ton, Nov. 12, 1848. Son of Rev. Enoch, first minister of Westhampton (1779-1837). Heat- tended Prof. Siiliman's lectures on chemistry ; studied med. under Drs. Bigclow and Warren ; and afier practising until 1816 at Gardiner, Me., removed to Boston, where he continued to practise extensively until the close of his life. He was long an active member and officer of the Ms. Med. Soc. ; one of the physicians of the Gen. Hospital, Boston ; a member of the.Ainer. Acad, of Arts and Sci- ences, and of other scientific, religious, and benev. associations. He pub. a dissertation on Animal Heat and Respiration ; Hist, and Descrip. of the Spotted Fever, whicli prevailed at Gardiner, Me., in 1814; two Boylston Prize questions in 1819 and 1821 ; on thc"Cora- munication between the Stomach and the Urinary Organs; a work on the Typhoid Fever ; and also various contribs. to the med. and scientific journals of the day. — See Me- moir in Dost. Med. and Surg. Jour. Hale, John, first minister of Beverly, Ms., from Sept. 20, 1667, to his d., May 15, l'700, b. Charlestown, Ms., June 3, 1636. H.U. 1657. Chaplain in the Canada exped. in 1690; one of the approvers of the judicial murders during the witchcraft troubles in 1692; but in 1702 pub. " A Modest Inquiry into the Nature of Witchcraft," indicating a change of opinion. A memoir of him is in Ms. Hist. Coll. iii. 7. Hale, John Parker, senator, b. Rochester, N.H.,3lMar. 1806. Bowd. Coll. 1827. Adm. to the bar in 1830 ; member of the N.H. legist. 1832; dist. atty. for N.H. 18.34-42; M.C. 1843-5 ; again member of the N.H. legisl., and speaker, 1846 ; U.S. senator (elected by acom- bination of Whigs and antislavery Democrats) 1847-53 and 185.5-65 ; minister to Spain in 1885-9. In Congress Mr. Hale sided with the opponents of slavery. In a pub. letter in Jan. 1845, he strongly denounced, on antislavery grounds, the annexation of Texas, and was de- clared a traitor to the Democratic party. This defiance of party dictation gave him a strong hold on the favor of the people. On taking his Beat in the U.S. senate he was almost the only man elected on antislavery grounds, and dis- connected with either of the great parties. He stood almost alone tin the slavery question; was a ready speaker, and by his wit and humor often succeeded in turning aside the at- tacks of proslavery senators, and in mitigating party animosity. Counsel for the defendants in the important trials growing out of the rescue of the slave Shadrach at Boston in 1851. Candidate of the Liberty party for the presi- dency in 1852, and received 157,680 votes. On leaving the senate in 1853, he established him- self in his profession in New York. Hale, Nathan, capt. Revol. army, b. Cov- entry, Ct., June 6, 1755 ; executed as a spy in New York, Sept. 22, 1776. Y. C. 1773. He engaged in teaching, first at E. Haddam, and afterward at N. London, but, soon alter the Lexington alarm, entered the army as a lieut., and became a capt. in Knowhon's rcgt. While with the troops near Boston, he was vigilant and faithful in every point of duty. In Sept. 1776, when in New York, he, with an associate, planned and eflfected the capture of a British sloop laden with provisions, taking her at mid- night from under the guns of a frigate. After the retreat from Long Island, Washington ap- plied to Knowlton to furnish him with Informa- tion of the strength, situation, and future movements, of the enemy. Capt. Hale offered himself a vol. for this hazardous service, passed In disguise to L.I., examined every part of the British army, and obtained the best pos- sible Information respecting its situation and future operations. While on his return, he was apprehended, carried before Sir Wm. Howe, and ordered for execution the next morning. This order was carried out in the most unfeel- ing manner. Hewas denied the attendance of a clergyman ; was not permitted the use of a Bible ; and his letters to his mother and other friends, written on the morning of his execu- tion, were destroyed by the provost-marshal, " that the rebels should not know they had a man in their army who could die with so much firmness." His dying observation was, that " he only lamented that he had but one life to lose for his country." Dwight has celebrated his virtues both In prose and verse. — See Stu- art, Life of Nathan Hale, 1856. Hale, Nathan, LL.D. (H.U. 1853), jour- nalist, nephew of the preceding, son of Rev. Enoch, b. Westhampton, Ms., Aug. 16, 1784; d. Brookline, Ms., Fob. 9, 1863. Wms. Coll. 1804. He studied law ; served two years as in- structor in Exeter Acad., then removed to Boston ; was adm. to the bar in 1810, and prac- tised law 4 years. He then, with Henry D. Sedgwick, edited the Weeklt/ Messenger, devot- ed to politics and literature. March 1,1814, he purchased the Boston Dailg Advertiser, the first daily in N. England, and for many years the only one, and established the principle of editorial responsibility distinct from that of in- dividual contributors. Its Influence was great, at first as a Whig print, and latterly as a Repub- lican organ. Its Influence was given in 1820 against the Mo. bill, and in 1854 to oppose the Nebraska bill. It was the first journal to sug- . gest the Immediate free colonization of Kansas. In 1825 he pub. a map of N. E., which is still a standard authority. In 1828 he pub. a work on the protective policy. He was an early ad- vocate of railroads in N.E.; and in 1828 was the acting chairman of the Ms. Board of Internal Improvements. First pres. of the Boston and Worcester R. R. Co., and continued 19 years. In 1846 he was app. chairman of the commiss. liAJL, 396 for introducing water into tlie citv of Boston. Editor and pub. of the Monthly Cluonccle 1840- 2. He was one of ihe club which luiindcd the N. A. Review and the Cluislian Examiner ; often served in both branches of the JIs. ley ibl. ; was a member of both the later Const. Convs. ; and was an active member of the Hist. Soc. and of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. In 1816 he ra. Sarah Preston, sister of Edward Everett. His son, Nathan, Jun., b. Boston, 12 Nov. 1818, d. 9 Jan. 1871. H. U. 1838. Adm. to the bar 1841. Editor of the Boston Miscellant/ 1842, co-editor Boston Dailij Adver- tiser 1842-53 ; latterly connected with Old and Neio, a monthly periodical. Hale, Col. Robert, b. Beverly, Ms., Feb. 12, 1703; d. March 20, 1767. H. U. 1721. Grandson of Rev. John Hale of Beverly ; edu- cated a physii ian, and practised extensively in his native town. He com. a re^-t. under Pep- perell at the capture of Louisburg in 1745. App. in 1747 by the legisl. of Ms. commiss. to N.Y. to adopt measures for the pen. defence, and in 1755 commiss. to N.H. to concert an cxped. against the French. App. sheriff of Essex Co. in 1761. He was a leading man in the ProviTice, and 13 years a member of the legisl. —Stone's Beverli/. Hale, Salma, politician, b. Alstead, N.H., March 7, 1787; d. Kcene, Nov. 19, 1866. A printer at Walpole, N.H. ; at 18 he edited the Political Ohservaton/ there ; subsequently stud- ied law. From 1812 to 1834, with the excep- tion of a few years, was cleik of the Superior and County Courts of Cheshire; M.C. 1817- 19 ; afterward practised at the bar; and was a member of the legisl. in 182.3-5; see. of the Board of Commiss. under the treaty of Ghent. He pub. " Hisiorv of the U.S.," for schools, in 1823; "Annals of Keene," 8vo, 1826; "His- tory of the U.S.," Lond., 8vo, 1826; and fre- quentlv wrote lor periodicals. His son Geoege S. Hale (H.U. 1844) is an eminent lawyer of Boston. Hale, Sabah JosEPHA (Buel), authoress, b. Newport,N.H., 24 Oct. 1790. Ab. 1814 she ra. David Hale, an eminent lawyer, who d. in 1822, leaving her 5 children, the oldest of whom was but seven, to support by her pen. She pub. " The Genius of Oblivion and other Origi- nal Poems," 1823; "Northwood, a Tale of N. England," 1827 ; removed to Boston in 1828, and edited the Ladi/'s Magazine, till in 1837 it was united with the Ladi/'s Book of Phila., of which she was many years the litera- ry editor, residing in Phila. since 1841. While in Boston she originated the Seaman's Aid Soci- ety, the parent of many similar organizations in various ports. Her other works are, — "Sketches of American Chancter," 1830; "Traits of American Life," 1835; "Flora's Interpreter ; " " Good Housekeeper," a manual of cookery ; " Grosvenor, a Tragedy," 1838, founded on tlie martyrdom of Col. Isaac Hayne; metrical romances, entitled " Alice Ray," 1846; " Three Hours, or the Vigil of Love," 1848; and "Harry Gray," 1848; a " Complete Dictionary of Poetical Quotations," 1832; "The Judge, aDramaof Anieiican Life; " and "Woman's Record, from the Creaiion to A.D. 1854," N.Y. 1855. She has also edited several annuals, and the letters of Mme. Se'vigne' and of Lady Jlontague. Haliburton, Thomas Chandler, D.C.L. (Oxf U. 1858), an English humorous writer, b. Windsor, N.S., 1797 ; d. Isleworth, Aug. 27, 1865. Educated at King's Coll., and adm. to the bar in 1820. He practised law in N.S. many years ; was member of the Assembly ; and be- came a judge of Common Pleas in 1829, and from 1840 to 1842 of the Supreme Court; M.P. for Launceston, Eng., 1859-65. In 1835 he contrib. to a newspaper in Nova Scotia a series of arti'l'- ■:ri-i7.--i-- the Yankees, which became popiKi ' l -■ and in Eng., and werepub.il] 17' liiiuns and altera- tions, as"Tih I ,"1. liii.ri; or, Savings and Doings of Saii.uei b.ak ul SlickviUe." He went to Eng. in 1S42 ; and in 1843 pub. " The Attache', or Sam Slick in Eng." His other works are, "An Historical and Statistical Ac- count of Nova Scotia," 2 vols., 1S2S; " The Clock-Maker," 2d series, 1838, and 3d series, 1840; "Bubbles of Canada," 1839; "The Old Judge, or Life in a Colony," 1839 ; " Let- ter-Bag of the Great Westerri," 1839 ; " Yan- kee Stories," 1852 ; " Traits of American Hu- mor," 1852; "Nature and Human Nature," 1855; "Rule and Misrule of the English in America," 1851 ; " Letters to Lord Duihara," and " Wise Saws." Halkett, John, author, b. Lond. 1768; d. Brighton, Eng., Nov. 1 852. Nephew of Sir Peter. App. gov. of the Bahamas, Dec. 5, 1801, and of Tobago, Oct. 27, 1803 ; and was chaiiman of the board of commiss. of W. India accounts from 1814 (o I8I9. Being the son-in- law of the Earl of Selkirk, he pub. in Lond., 1817, a " Statement respecting his Settlement upon the Red River." He visited Amer. in 1821 or 2 ; and in 1823 pub. in Eng. " Histor- ical Notes respecting the Indians of North Amer." — Hist. Maq. iii. 50. Halkett, Sir Peter, of Pitferran, Fife- shire, hart, of Nova Scotia, son of Sir P. Wcd- derburne of Gosford, who assumed his wife's name. M.P. for Dunfermline, 1734 ; lieut.- col. of the 44th at Sir John Cope's defeat in 1745. Being released on parole, and ordered by Cumberland to serve again against the Jac- obites, he refused, saying that " his royal High- ness was master of his commission, but not of his honor." He became col. of his regt. Feb. 26, 1751, and was killed at its head in the bat- tle of Monongahela, July 9, 1755. — Sargent's Exp. against Fort Duqiiesne. Hall, Allen- A., journalist and diplomat, b.N.C; d.CcRhaiiam'l.a, l;<.li^ia,Mayl8,1867. He practised law at .\'.i>li\ ille, and was for 30 years connected wiili ilic leading papers there; charge d'ujhirts to Veiicv.iKia IS41-5; assist.- see.of the U.S. treas. 1849-50 ; edited the lie- public at Washington ; afterward edited the Dailg News, 1857-9, at Nashville, and was min- ister to Bolivia 1863-7. Hall, Capt. Basil, traveller, b. Edinburgh, 1788; d. Portsmouth, Eng., Sept. 11, 1844. Eniering the roy. navy in 1802, he became a post capt. in 1817. He com. the brig "Lyra," which accomp. Lord Amherst in his mission to China, and wrote his first work, entitled " A Voyage of Discovery to the Western Coast of ItAJl. 397 HAJL Corea, ami the Great Loo Clioo Islaml in the Japan Sea," pub. in 1818. lie was stationed off the Pacific coast of Amer. during the rev- el, of the Spanish Colonies, and on his return to Eng. pub. " Extracts from a Journal writ- ten on the Coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in 1820-22," 2 vols. 1824. lie also puh. " Trav- els in N. Amer. in 1S27 and 1S28" (.3 vols. 1829), severely commented upon hy the Amer. press, and " Travels in So. Amer.," 8vo, 1841. In the latter part of his life, his intellect be- came impaired, and he d. insane. Hall, BATNAr.D Rust, D.D., educator, b. Phila. 1798 ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Jan. 23, 1863. Uii. Coil. 1820. Princeton Tlieol. Sem. Son of Dr. John Hall, who was at one time on the staff of Washiuyton. S".no virs ,.:,sior of a church, and prcs. of a ill m P, nm-ton, Ind. ; afterward pastor ol :i.. luotitutc; and for the last few years of his lile preached to the poor. He pub. a "Latin Grammar," 1828; "The New Purchase," 1843 ; " Something lor Every- body ; " " Teaching a Science ; " " Frank Free- maii's Barber Shop," 1852. — N. Y. Times, Jan. 27, 1863. Hall, DojiTxiCK Augustine, jurist, b. S.C. M''.' ; 1 X. ())!, ans, Dec. 19, 1820. He coram'- I c of law in Charleston, S.C, ^;i- : , • jidge of Orleans Terr. Irom l-'i' i;ii n In < amc the State of La. iu 1812, wijcn he was app. U.S. judge of the State, in which position he continued during his life. Dec. 15, 1814, his court was ordered to be adjourned lor 2 months, " owing to the military operations of tlie British foices against New Orleans." In Mar. 1815, while the city was under martial law. Judge Hall was arrested by Gen. Jackson for having granted a writ of habeas corpus to a person arrested by his au- thority. Judge Hall was released Mar. 14, and immediately summoned Gen. Jackson to answer for a contempt of court, resulting in a judgment against him, and a fine of $1,000, which he paid. It was, however, refunded to him, with interest, in 1844, by act of Congress. Hall,Ej5WAKD BKOOK.S, D.D. (H.U. 1848), ■Unitarian clergyman, b. Medford, Ms., Sept. 2, 1800; d. Providence, Mar. 3, 186G. H.U. 1820. Camb. Theol. School, 1824. He had charge of the Garrison Forest Academy, near Baltimore, 1 year ; preached at Northampton, Ms., where he was ord. Aug. 16, 1826 ; resigned Dec. 3, 1829; and was settled at Providence, Nov. 14, 1832, until his d. He pub. Memoir of Mary L. Ware, Bost. 12mo, 1852 ; Centu- ry Discourse, 1st Cong. Ch., Prov., 19 June, 1836. Hall, Frederick, M.D. (Castlet. Med. School 1827), LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1842), ed- ucator, h. Grafton, Vt., 1780; d. Peru, III., July 27, 1843. Dartm. Coll. 1803. Tutor there 1804-5, and at Mid. Coll. 1805-6 ; prof, of nat. philos. and math, in Mid. Coll. 1806- 24 ; prof, of chemistry and mineralogy at Trin. Coll., Hartford ; pres. of Mt, Hope Coll., near Baltimore, Md. ; prof, of chemistry in Col. Coll., Washington, at the time of his death. He gave to Dartm. Coll. a cabinet of minerals, and' some thousands of dollars. He pub. a eulogy on Solomon M. Allen, 1318; statistics of Middlebury, in Ms. Hist. Colls., 2d scries, vol. ix. ; " Letters from the East and from the West," Bait., 8vo, 1840. Hall, Gordon, the first Amer. missionary to Bombay, b. Tolland, Ms., Apr. 8, 1784; d. of cholera in India, Mar. 20, 1826. Wms. Coll. 1808. He studied theology, and having been ord. at Salem, Feb. 6, 1812, sailed for Calcutta, arriving at Bombay Feb. II, 1813; he spent 13 years in missionary laliors there. He possessed great force of mind, and decision of character, and was devoted to his work, for which he was eminently qualified. He pub. 3 or 4 sermons and tracts, and, with S. Newell, " The Conversion of the World," 8vo, 1818. His " Appeal in Behalf of the Heathen " is a masterpiece of argument aiid eloquence. A Memoir of him was pub. 12rao. Hall, Harrison, editor of the Poilfolio, 1815-27, bro. of Judge James, b. I7S7'; d. Cincinnati, Mar. 9, 1866. He pub. a work on " Distilling," 1815. Ed. a vol. of the writings of his mother, Sarah Hall, in 1833. Hall, HiLAND, LL.D. (U. of Vt. 1859), lawyer, b. Bennington, Vt., July 20, 1795. Hespent his boyhood on his father's farm; was adni. to the bar in 1819; was in 1827 elected to the State legisl., and afterwards for several years was State any. ; M.C. from Vt. in 1833-43; bankcommiss. in 1S43-6 ; 4 years judge of the Supreme Court; in 18.">0 second conipt. of the treas. ; from 1851 to 1854 land commis. for California; gov. of Vt. 1858-60, and delegate to the Peace Congress, Mar. 1861 ; author of " Hist, of Vt.," Svo, 1868. Hall, James, judge and author, b. Phila. Aug. 19, 1793; d. near Cincinnati, July 5, 1868. His mother, Mrs. Sarah Hall (b. Oct. 30, 1760 ; d. Apr. 3, 1830), dau. of Dr. John Ewing, wrote " Conversations on the Bible," and was a contrib. to the Portfolio from the commencement, and during the editorship of her son. A vol. of her writings was edited and pub. by Harrison Hall in 1833, with a memoir by Judge Hall. He began the study of law, but left it to join the army in the war of 1812, and was disting. at Lundy's Lane, Niagara, and the siege of Fort Erie. At the close of the war, he was app. an officer in the bomb vessel which accomp. Decatur's squad, against the Algerines, but resigned in 1818, and resumed the study of law at Pittsburg, Pa. In 1820 he removed to Shawneetown, 111. ; practised at the bar, and edited a weekly newspaper, the Illinois Gazelle. He was app. atty. of a circuit of 10 counties, and wrote interesting sketches of his mode of life and adventures. 4 years after, he was elected judge of the circuit court, over which he presided 3 years. He was also 4 years State treasurer ; had a large legal practice, and edited the Il- linois Intel iiijencer, weekly, with other literary lahors. Removing from Vandalia in 1833 to Cincinnati, he became in 1836 cashier, and in 185.3-65 was pres., of the Commercial Bank. In 1 820 he began for the Portfolio a series of " Sparks's Biography" (2d series, vol. and " Romance o( Western History,' " Letters from the West," which in 1828 were coll. and pub. in Lend, without his concur- rence. He edited and contrib. largely to the IVestern Souvenir, 1829, the first annual pub. in the West. In 1830 he established at Van- dalia the Illinois Monthly Magazine, whieh was continued at Cincinnati from 1833 to 1837, under the title of the Western Monthli/ Mayazine. He pub. also "Legends of the West," 1832; "Soldier's Bride and other Tales," 1832; " The Harpe's Head, a legend of Ky," 1833; " Sketches of the West," 2 vols. 1835 ; " Tales of the Border," 1835 ; " Statistics of the West," 1836, and a new edition entitled " Notes on the Western States," 1838 ; " Life of Harrison," 1836; "History of the Indian Tribes " (with T. L. McKenney), 3 vols. 1838-44, a costlv and elegant work ; " Wilder- ness and the War-Path," 1845 ; an address before the Mercantile Library Assoc, of Cin- 1846 ; a "Life of Thomas Posey" in 185?! iform edition of his writings appeared in 4 vols. \%53. — Duycki.ick. Hall, James, State geologist of N.Y., b. Hingham, Ms., of English parents, in 1811. He studied the natural sciences at the Rens- selaer school in Troy, N.Y., from 1831 to 1836. App. one of the N.Y. State geologists, he in 1837 began to survey the western dist. of the State. His report was pub. in 1843. Direct- ing his attention to the several paleozoic for- mations of the Western States, he pub. in 1847-59 3 vols, of " The Paleontology of N.Y.," describing ab. 1,000 species of fossils from the lower and middle silurian rocks. In 1855 he was invited to take this dept. of the Canadian survey under the direction of Sir Wm. E. Logan. App. State surveyor of Iowa in 1855, and of Wis. in 1857, his Cana- dian investigations were chiefly limited to the study of the graptolites, of which he has de- scribed 25 new species. Of the Iowa report, 2 vols, have been pub. In 1850 Mr. Hall was elected a foreign member of the Geol. Society of Loud., which society in 1 858 conferred upon him the distinction of the Wolhiston medal. He is a member of many European and Araer. scientific societies, and has contrib. to their " Transactions." The description of fossils in the govt, reports of many of the Western surveys are by Prof. Hall. Hall, John, jurist, b. Staunton Co., Va., 1769; d. Warrcnton, N.C., Jan. 29, 1833. Wm. & Mary Coll. He settled in Warrcnton in 1 792 ; became eminent as a lawyer ; was a judge of the Superior Court of N.C. from 1801 to 1S18, and judge of its Supreme Court from 1818 to 1832. His son Edward, a di.^ting. lawyer, was raised to the bench in 1840. Hall, John E., bro. of Judge James, author, b. Dec. 1783 ; d. June 11, 1829. Edu- cated at N.J. Coll , he studied law, and com- menced practice in Baltimore in 1805. He soon became prof, of rhetoric and belles-lettres in the U. of Md. ; wrote a Biography of Dr. John Shaw prefixed to an edition of his poems (1810), and prepared an edition of Wirt's " British Spy," to which he contrib. several letters. He acted with the Federalists, and was severely wounded in the Baltimore riot of 1811, being one of the nine thrown on a heap as killed. From 1808 to 1817 he pub. the American Law Journal (6 vols. Phila.). Removing to Phila., fjom 1816 to 1827 he edited the Portfolio, to which he contrib. the " Memoirs of Anacreon," which attracted much attention. In 1827 he edited the Phila. Souvenir, and pub. " Memoirs of Eminent Persons." He also edited " Practice and Juris- diction of the Court of Admiralty," 8vo, 1809. Dr. Thomas Mifflin Hall, a younger bro. of Harrison, James, and John E., contrib. poetry and some scientific articles to the Port- folio.' In 1828 he embarked on board of a S. Amer. ship-of-war to which he was surgeon. The vessel was never heard of after. — Duiic- Icinck. Hall, Louisa Jane, poetess, b. Newburr- port, Feb. 7, 1802; m. Rev. E. B. Hall ofPro'v. in 1840. Her father, Dr. John Park, in 1811 opened a school for young ladies in Boston, at which she received a good education. She commenced writing at an early age. In 1825 she wrote " Miriam," a dramatic poem, pub. in 1837. In 1831 she removed with her father to Worcester, where, though almost totally blind for 4 or 5 years, she wrote "Joanna of Naples," a tale, and a Life of Mrs. Elizabeth Carter. — Duyckinck. Hall, Lyman, signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Ct. 1725 ; d. Burke Co., Ga., Oct. 19, 1790. Y.C. 1747. His father possessed a competent fortune, and gave him a good education. He studied medicine ; m. and establis ed himself at Sunbury, Ga., where he was a very success- ful practitioner. Member of the Ga. Repub. conventions of 1774-5, he was influential in causing Ga. to join the Confederacy. Sent as a delegate to Congress in March, 1775, by the parish of St. John's, he was in July elected by the whole Province. He remained in Congress until 1780, when the invasion of the State by the British called him home. Gov. of Ga. in 1783. His property was confiscated by the British while in temporary possession of the Province. Hall, Nathan K., U.S. postmaster-gen. (1850-4), b. Marccllus, Onondaga Co., N.Y., March 28, 1810. He retid law in the office of Mr. Fillmore, and became his partner at Buf- falo, Erie Co., N.Y., in 1832. He has held different administrative and judicial offices in Ills native State ; served as a member of the legisl. ; was M.C. from 1847 to 1849; after- ward judge Dist. Court of Western N.Y. Hall,"RoBERT Pleasants, poet and law- yer, b. Chester District, S.C, Dec. 23, 1825; d. Macon, Ga., Dec. 4, 1854. Removing with his parents to Ga. in 1837, he was adm. to the bar in 1848, and in 1849 removed to Macon, where he held a high legal reputation till his death. In 1848 he pub. in Charleston " Poems by a South-Carolinian." His numer- ous unpub. writings in prose and verse include a contemplative poem on Andre' Chenier; a legend of the Dacotahs, entitled " Winona;" and " The Cherokee," describing the scenery of Upper Georgia. — See Miller's Bench and Bar of Georgia. HAX. 399 Hall, Samuel, printer, b. Medford, Ms., Nov. 2, 1740; d. Boston, Oct. 30, 1807. He served' his apprenticeship with his uncle, Daniel Fowle of Portsmouth, N.H. In 1761-8 he was in partnership with Ann, widow of James Franklin, at Newport, R.I. In 1768 he pub. the Essex Gazette at Salem ; removed m 1775 to Cambridge, where he pub. the N. E. Chronicle; removed to Boston in 1776; pub. tlie Su/em Gazette a^ain in 1781, and in 1785 the Ms. Gazette; in 1789 he opened a book- store in Boston, which in 1 805 he sold to Lin- coln & Edmands. His patriotic journal was of frreat service to the cause of liberty. — Brooks's Medfird. ^ , , , Hall, Samuel Read, clergyman and edu- cator, b. Crovdon, N.H., Oct. 27, 1795. He commenced teaching in Rumford, Me., in 1814, and in 182-2 taught an acad. at Fitchlmrg, Ms., being also licensed as a Cong, preacher. Re- moving as a missionary to Concord, Vt., in 1823, he organized the first school in the U.b. for the training of teachers, which he kept till 1830, when he was chosen principal ot the English dept. of Phillips Acad., Andover. In 182"^ lie aided in founding the Amer. Institute of Instruction. In 1837 he removed to Plym- outh, N.H. ; kept a teachers' sem. there till 1840, when he removed to Craftsbury, Vt., and established there a teacher's dept. in con- nection wiih the acad., where lie taught till 1846 Author of "Instructor's Manual, or Lectures on School-keeping," 1829 ; "Lectiiros on Education," 12mo ; " Geography for Chil- dren " He now resides at Bennington, Vt. Hall, WiLLABD, jurist, b. Westford, Ms., Dec. 24, 1780. H.U. 1799. He studied law in the office of Samuel Dana of Groton, and was adm. to the bar of Hillsborough Co. N H in Mar. 1803. In May, 1803, he settled in' Dover, Del., and practise'd there 20 years. From 1811 to 1814 he was sec. of State; M.C. from 1817 to 1821; again sec. of State in 1821 ; in 1822 a member of the State senate ; and May 6, 1823, he was app. by Pies. Monroe U.S. dist. judge for Del. Upon the applica- tion of the Gen. Assembly of Del. he revised the statutory laws of the State, completing the work, in 6 vols. 8vo, in 1829. In 1831 he was a member of the State Const. Conv. While sec of State he advocated the establishment of pulilic schools, and suggested a plan which in 1829 was adopted with slight variation. Hall, Gen. William, b. 1774; d. Sumner Co., Tenn., Oct. 1 856. He was a col. of Tenn. militia in the U.S. service, Dec. 1812-Beb. 1813; brig.-gon. Tenn. vols. Sept. 26, 1813; and M.C. from Tenn. in 1831-3, HaU, William W., b. Paris, Ky., 1810. Centre Coll. 18.30. M.D. of Transylv. Coll. 1836 Author of Treatises on Cholera, Bron- chitis and Kindred Diseases (8vo, 1853), Conslimption, Health by Good Living, Sleep, Health and Disease, Coughs and Colds. Editor of Hall's Jouruai of Health. Hallam Family, pioneers on the Ameri- can sta"-e. William, called the father of the American stage, was an actor of great repute at Goodman's Fields Theatre, Eng., and succes- sor of Garriek. Came with his family to Amer. in 1750; sold out his interests here to his bro. Lewis ; and d. in Eng. Lewis, his bro., also a favorite at Goodman's Fields, made his ddiul at New York, 26 Feb. 1750, in the play of -Richard III.," and Sept. 5, 1752, at Williams- burg, Va., as Launcelot Gobbo and Tubal in the " Merchant of Venice ; " went to the Island of Jamaica in 1756, where he soon after died. His wife, afterward well known as Mrs. Douglas, app. Sept. 5, 1752, as Portia; re- tired Irom the stage in 1769, and d. Phila. Aug. 1773. Lewis, son of the preceding, and one of the best actors of his time, b. Lond. 1740 ; d. Phila. Nov. 1, 1808. He appeared in Lord Ogleby in 1768, a part he performed for 40 years, his last app. in it being at the Park, N.y., in 1807. Master Adam Hallam made his dehid in New York, Sept. 17, 1753, at the New Nassau-street Theatre, as Daniel in " The Conscious Lovers." The Hallam Com- pany opened at Phila. 15 Apr. 1754, with "The Fair Penitent." Halleck, Fitzgreene, poet, b. Guilford, Ct., Julys, 1790; d. there Nov. 19, 1867. His moilier, Mary Eliot, was a descendant of John, the " Apostle to the Indians." He acquired a good academical education in his native town. Atthe age of 18 he became a clerk in the bank- ing-house of Jacob Barker, New York, where he remained many years. He was also " in the cotton-trade and sugar-line." He was long en- gaged in the business-affairs of John Jacob Astor (1824-49), who made him a trustee of the Astor Library. He wrote verses from boy- hood. His lines to "Twilight" appeared in the Eveninq Post in ISl^S; and in the follow- ing March' he assisted Joseph Rodman Drake in contributing, under the signature of "Croak- er, jun.," to the humorous series of " Croaker Papers," also for the Post. The death of Drake in 1820 was commemorated by Halleek in one of his most touching poems. In the latter part of 1819 he wrote his longest poem, " Fanny," a satire in the measure of Byrgn's " Don juan." It was completed and printed within three weeks of its commencement, and was highly popular. In 1822-3 he visited Eu- rope ; and in 1827 pub. an edition of his po- ems, including "Alnwick Castle" and " Burns." It also included the spirited lyric " Marco Boz- zaris," oiiginally pub. in the iV. Y. Review. In 1864 he pub."" Young America," a poem of some 300 lines. A remarkable characteristic of his poetic genius was its versatility. Late in life he became a Roman Catholic. — See Life and Letters of Halleck, btj James Grant WUson, 1859. Halleck, Henry Wager, maj.-gen. U. . , S.A., b. Waterville, Oneida Co., N. Y., 1814. CL-^]'^^- ' West Point, 1839. Son of Hon. Joseph H., and C grandson of Peter of Long Island Revol. mem- ory. Receiving an academical education, he studied a short time at Un. Col. before enter- ing West Point. Entering the engineer ser- vice, he was, until June, 1840, assist, prof, at West Point. From 1841 to 1844 he was em- ployed on the fortifications in N.Y. harbor ; and in 1845 visited the milit.iry establishments of Europe. In the winter of 1845-6 he delivered at the Lowell Institute of Boston a series of lectures on the Science of War, since pub. as " Elements of Military Art and Science." Dur- 400 ing the war with Mexico, he sorvci! in Califor- nia and on the Paeitic loa-t, l^t lieut. in 1845, he was lirev. c.ipt Im -allanti v al I'ulas Prietas and Urias, Nuv. 1 ■< anj r.i, i-17; and afterward greally distin-. liiDiodl at .San An- tonio and Todos Santos, Mareh, 1848. He also acted on the siatF of Com. Shubrick, par- ticipating in the capture of Mazatlan, of whieh he was made lient.-governor. Sec. of state of the province of California from Aug. 13, 1847, to Uec. 20, 1849, acting also as auditor of the revenue; member of the convention in 1849, as one of the drafting committee, he had a large sharr in |.rc|iaiin- the State constitution ; afterwanl |ucl-r aihurate and insp. of li,.;ht- houses ; (apt ol lll^ineers, Ijuly, 1853 ; here- signed An;;. 1, 1854, and began to practise law in San Francisco. For many years he was the senior partner of one of the largest law-firms in Cal., and director-gen. of the N. Almaden quicksilver mines. In 1855 he was pres. of the Pacific and Atlantic Road, from San Francisco to San Jose'. App. maj.-gen. U.S.A. Au^'. 19, 1861, he succeeded Fremont in command of the Western dept. in Nov. Early in April, 1862, he took com. of the army before Corinth, the investment of which was soon followed by its capture. After the disastrous campaign of tlie Chiekahoininv, he was app. (July U) gen.- in-ehief. He ordered the advance of Gen. Pope, under cover of which McCIellan was enabled to retire unmolested to Yorktown. Chief of staff U.S.A. 12 Mar. 1864, to Apr. 19, 1865; com. milit. div. of the Pacific since Aug. 1865. Gen. H. has also pub. a "Practical Treatise on Bitumen and its Uses," 1841; a report on Military Defences; translations of the "Mining Laws of Spain and Mexico;" De Fooz on the Law of Mines," a treatise en- titled " International Law and the Laws of War ; " and Jomini's " Life of Napoleon." Hallett, Benjamin F., politician and law- yer, b. Barnstable, Ms., Dee. 2, 1797 ; d. Boston, Sept. 30, 1862. Brown U. 1816. Adm. to the Boston bar, he was afterward an editor in Prov- idence and in Boston, where he edited the anti- Masonic Boston Advocate. After the decline of the anti-Masonic party, he joined the Democ. party, over which he e.xerted a powerful influ- ence, being a delegate at most of its national conventions, and many years chairman of its national committee. He aided in the nomina- tion of Franklin Pierce (who made him U.S. dist. atty. for Ms.) and James Buchanan ; and was the author of the Cincinnati platform of 1856. Hallook, Gerard, journalist, son of Her. Moses, b. PlainHeld, Ms, March 18, 1800; (1. New York, Jan. 4, 1866. Arah. Coll. 1819. In early life he taught Hebrew and German. In 1824 he established the Boston Telecjraph, which he united with the Boston Recorder in V825. He became half proprietor of the N.Y. Observer in 1 827, and, in partnersliip v/h\\ David Hale, became proprietor of the A''. Y. Journal of Commerce in 1828, which he continued to conduct until 1861. In 1828 Messrs. Hale and Ilallock fitted out a schooner to cruise off Sandy Hook, and intercept European vessels for news. In 1 833 they established a horse ex- press from Phila. to N.Y., by whieh they were enabled to publish congressional news one day in advance of their contemporaries. He ex- pended over $50,000 in the erection and support of a church in N. Haven, and by personal ex- ertions he founded the Southern Aid Society. Hallock, Jeremiah, clergyman, b. Brook- haven, L.I. , March 13,1758; d. West Simsbury, Ct., June 23, 1826. When 8 years old, his fa- ther removed to Goshen, Ms.; and before he was 21 he was twice called to enter the Revol. army. He entered the school of Dr. Dnight ; and in April, 1784, was licensed to preach, and was installed pastor of (he congregation in West Simsbury, Oct. 26, 1785, where he remained till his denth. — See Life, bi/ Rev. Cjrus Yale, Hartford, 8vo, 1838. Hallock, Moses, clergyman, bro. of Jere- miah, b. Brookhaven, L.I.,"Feb. 16, 1760; d. July 17, 1837. Y.C. 1788. He was first pas- tor of the church in Plainfield from July 11, 1792, until his death. He was a man of patri- archal simplicity, and devoted himself to the education of young men for the ministry. A sketch of his life has been pub. by the Tract Society. Hallowell, Benjamin, loyalist, commis- sioner of the revenue in Boston before the Bevol. ; d. 1799. His estate was confiscated. One of his sons, B. Carew, was a distinguished British admiral ; another. Ward Nicholas (Boylston), was a benefactor of Harvard Coll. His bro. Robert, a considerable landholder in Maine, d. Gardiner, Me., April 23, 1818, a. 80. Halpine, Charles G. ("Miles O'Reil- ly,"), author and jiolitician, b. (Ildeastle, Co. Meath, Ireland, Nov. 1829 ; d. N.Y. Citv, Aug. 3, 1868. Trinity Coll., Dublin, 1846. 'His la- ther, a clergyman and scholar, edited the Dub- lin Evening Mail, the leading ])aper in the Prot- estant interest. Upon his father's death he connected himself with the press, but in 1847 came to New York, where he wrote for the the Carpet Batj in Boston ; and was ( with the press of New York and Boston until April, 1861, when he volunteered in the Union army, and rose to the grade of brig.-gen. of vols., and maj. in the regular service. He re- signed in 1864. He became editor of The Citizen; supported Mr. Lincoln's re-election; and at the time of his death, which was occa- sioned by an overdose of chloroform, was regis- ter of the Co. of N. York. He wrote " Poems by the Letter H ; " two volumes of humorous writings under the nam de plume of " Private Miles O'Reilly," while serving at the South ; and a volume of war-songs and humorous verses. These songs became favorites with the army. One of his most famous pieces, entitled " Tear down the Flaunting Lie," has, since his death, been claimed by another. He was a man of creat versatility and of convivial habits. Hamblin, Thomas Sowerbv, actor, b. Lond. May 14, 1800; d. New York, Jan. 8, 1853. First appeared in 1819 at Sadler's Wells, Loud., and, Dec. 26, as Truman in " George Barnwell," at Drury Lane. His first American performance was Hamlet, at the Park Theatre, in Oct. 1825. He then starred through the States until Aug. 1830, when he became manager of the Bowery Theatre, and continued in that capacity in various N.Y. tlieaires until his death, lli-^ il.inl uifr, Miss Medina, wrote tlie dramas ..| '■ l,:,.t Davs of Pompeii," " Ricnzi, "&(;.—/;."» „^ . I „„,. X„7?. Hamer, Thomas L., lawwv :iii.i politician, b. Pa.; d. Monterey, Mc.\., 2 iJec. 1846. Emig. in early life to O. He practised law with success; served in several sessions of the legisl., and was speaker diirinr; one term ; M.C. 1833- 9; apji. hii-. -eii. 1 .Inly, 1846; distin^'. in the battle (if M.iii[i'ir\ , ami com. the division after Gen. Bcitlri- wa. woniMlcd. Congress, in testi- mony of lii^ ^;.ill:inny, presented a sword to his Hamilton, Alexander, statesman, ora- tor, and soldier, b. in Nevis, one of the W.I. Islands, 11 Jan. 1757; killed in a duel with Aaron Burr, 12 July, 1804. His father, James, was a Scotch merchant; his mother, whoso name was Fauectte, was of Huguenot descent. In 1769 he entered a couniing-house in St. Croix; in 1772 attended the school of Francis Barber, at Elizabethtown, N. J. ; and in 1773 entered King's Coll. In July, 1774, he made a speech to the people of N.Y., and was highly applauded, also aiding the popular cause by his writings. Applying himself to the study of tactics, he was in Mar. 177G made a capt. of art., and served with credit at L. I., White Plains, Trenton, and Princeton ; became aide- de-camp to Washington in Mar. 1777, gaining his special f ivor and confidence; and was em- ployed as his sec, also assisting in planning campaigns. He was highly praised for his conduct at Monmouth, and was second to Col. Laurens in the duel with Lee whieh grew out of it. In Dec. 1780 he tn. Eliza, dan. of Gen. Schuyler, and i ington's staff ir he thought un draw his resign him an apology the com um Wash- il'iike which ■I'd to with- ' 1 liiiigton sent SI, he obtained N.Y. batt., with which he cap- It, Oct. 14, 1781, a redoubt at Yorktown. Upon the surrender of Cornwalli he applied himself to the study of law ; was a member of Congress in 1782-3, and often chairman of important committees ; began to practise law in N.Y. City ab. Aug. 1783, and soon took the lead in his profession. He ex- erted himself to protect the Tories from perse- cution; was active in establishing the N. York bank ; and was one of the founders nf an anti- slavery society ; member of the N.Y. legisl. in Jan. 1787, and a delegate to the Pbila. conv. in May, 1787, to form a Federal Constitution, an instrument which he had a principal share in devising, supporting, and causing to be adopted. With the aid of the able pens of Madison and Jay, he advocated its adoption in a series of essays under the signature of " Pub- lius," afterwards collected in a vol. called " The Federalist," of whieh he wrote the larger half. App. in Sept. 1789 first sec. of theU.S. treas- ury, he presented to Congress in Jan. 1790 a report on public credit and a plan for its sup- port, which became the basis of the financial system. He proposed plans for funding the national debt, for assuming those of the re- spective States, for establishing a U. S. bank and a mint, and for obtaining a revenue. He advocated the encouragement c manufactures by a protective t.iriff. Having restored public credit, and witnessed thcrevivid of trade and industry, he resigned 31 Jan. 1795, and resumed practice at the bar. He advocated strict neutrality in the French revol. struggle in his papers signed " Pacifi- cus," and, under the signature of " Camillus," powerfully supported Jay's treaty. He assist- ed Washington in the preparation of his " Farewell Address." He declined the position ofchiefjusticeof theU.S. In 1798, the French Directory having provoked the American peo- ple by acts of hostility, the army was re-organ- izcd, Washington taking the chief command, and Hamilton second as inspee.-gen., with the rank of maj.-gen. On the death of Washing- ton in Dec. 1799, Hamilton succeeded him as com-in-chief ; but the army was soon disbanded. When the house of representatives were to de- cide between Jefferson and Burr, which should be pres., he advised his friends to prefer the former. Burr beitig in 1804 a candidate for gov. of N.Y., Hamilton opposed his election, expressing his opinion tliat Bnrrwas a danger- Defeau"ri'i'"hi"!!.!,!.ii'iM,i'; prljcc'tsrCuiTdml- lenged IIamiltiuii, » here he was some years mayor. By his vigilance the formidable negro conspir- acy in 1822, led by Denmark Vesey, was de- tected. Often a member of the State legisl., and M.C. 1822-9, and the ultra advocate of free-trade and Southern riglits, and of direct taxation. An active partisan of Gen. Jackson, who in 1828 offered him the post of sec. of war, and minister to Mexico, both of which he declined. He urged arriied resistance to the tariff act of 1828, and, while gov. of S.C. (1830-2), recommended to the legisl. the pas- sage of the nullification act, whieli placed the State in collision with the Federal Govt. ; app. by Gov. Hayne his successor, com. of the State troops. He took an active part in the affairs of Texas; procured the recognition of her independence liom Eng. and France in 1841; subsequently aided in procuring her ad- mission into the tfnion, and at the time of his death was U.S. senator elect. With his usual courtesy and generosity, he yielded his own chance of safety to a lady among the passen- gers, to whom he was an entire stranger. lie was one of the founders of the Soidliern Qmir- terly Review and of the Bank of Charleston, and took an active part in railroad enterprises, and in the extension and elevation of Southern commerce. Hamilton, James, artist, b. Ireland ab. 1820; came to the U.S. in infancy; established himself as a marine painter in Pliila., and ex- celled in sea-fights. He is well known as the spirited illustrator of Dr. Kane's Arctic Expid. Among his pictures are " Capture of the Sci- apis," " Old Ironsides," " An Egyptian Sun- set," " Wrecked Hopes," Coleridge's " Ancient Mariner," and many subjects from the Arabian Nights. — Tuckerman. Hamilton, James Inglis, a British gen. ; d. Murdostown, July 27, 1803. He entered the army in 1755; served at Fort St. Philip in the exped. to St. Malo in 1758, and against Belle Isle in 1760; major 1761; Mar. 1774, lient.-col. 21st; and proceeded to Canada in 1776 ; com. the 2d brigade in Bur- goyne's exped. ; made prisoner at Saratoga ; became maj.-gen. 1787 ; licut.-gen. 1797 ; gen. \%0-2. — Bur;iuijne's Orel. Book. Hamilton, John, member of the council of N.J. 1713-46; coin.-in-chief of the Province 1736-8; gov. 1746; d. 1746. Son of Gov. Andrew. Hamilton, John Church, son of Gen. J T « Alexander, b. Phila. 1792. Col. Coll. 1809. ^- '^Ij Counsellor at law ; aide to Gen. Harrison ; Q 9 resigned June, 1814. Author of " Memoirs of riyfyyiOil Alexander Hamilton," 2 vols. 8vo, N.Y. 1834-on -, €, 40; "Works of A. Hamilton," 7 vols. 8vo, (pA ' 1851; " History of the Republic," 2 vols. 8vo, 1853. Hamilton, Paul, see. U.S.N. 1809-1813, b. S.C. ; d. Beaufort, June 30, 1816. He ren- dered important services during the Revol. ; was compt. of S.C. from 1799 to 1804, im- proving the financial svstera of the State ; and was gov. of S.C. in 1804-6. Hamilton, Gen. Schityleb, sonof John C, and grandson of Alexander, b. N.Y. July 25, 1822. West Point, 1841. Entering the 1st Inf., he was severely wounded at Monterey ; was brov. 1st lieiit..; and carlyin 1847, joining Seott in the Valley .Of Mexico, was app. act- ing aide to the ,coni.-in-chief. Aug. 13, while on a hazardous reconnoissancc, he was ntrnckcd near Milflores by a superior f ir p rf M -:i, an laneers, and in a desperate ' v ! • ' ' . n- counter was severely OTOuiiii : II i v capt. for gallantry in this allui. ;ui-Aug. 1864. Among his publications are ■' Military Hygiene," 1863 ; " Sleep and itsDe- ranL'finents," 1869 ; and " Venereal Disea.ses." Hamond, Sir Andrew Snape, a Brit- ish naval oHicer, b. Blackheath, Dec. 17, 1738; d. near Lvnn, Norfolk, Oct. 12, 1828. He en- tered the' navy in 1753; served under Lord Howe, and became a post-captain in 1770; at the commencement of the Revol. war he joined " The Roebuck," 44; was present at the reduc- tion of N. Y. ; destroyed " The Delaware," friL'- ate, with other vessels engaged in obstructing the Del. River; was in the unsuccessful attack on Mud Island, Oct. 1777 ; in that which proved successful in Nov. ; and at the close of 1 778 received the honor of knighthood for his " very disting. conduct." He acted as capt. of the fleet at the reduction of Charleston, S.C, in 1780; and late in the year was app. lieut.-gov. and cora.-in-chief of Nova Scotia. He re- turned to Eng. in 1783, and was made a bar- onet; and was in 1794 a comjitroller in the vith : pen Wilkin- Hampton, Wade, maj-gen. U. S. A., h. S.C. 1754; d. Columbia, S.C., Feb. 4, 1833. During the Revol. war be (listing, himself as a partisan under Marion and Sumter ; was M.C. in 1795-7 and 180.3-5; app. col. U.S.A. in Oct. 1808; brig.-gen. Feb. 1809; and maj.-gen. March 2, 1813; resigned April 6, 1814. Sta- tioned in 1809 at N. Orlians, he was almost constantly quarrclli and was, inconseqin son in 1812. During : !_', liecom. a force on the north. m ii..:Kh r, with which, Oct. 26, 1813, he attacked Ccn. Prcvost , com. a iiiui h inferior force at Chateauguay, and was repulsed. The attempt on Montreal was frnstrnted by Hampton's unwillingness to co- operate with Wilkinson, with whom he had long been at enniity. He owned 3,000 slaves, ami had amassed a large fortune. His son. Col. Wade, app. licut. of drags. 1813, acting insp.-:;cn and aide-de-camp of Jackson at N. Oi runs, ,Ian. 1815, d. at a plantation on the Mpi. Feb. 10, 1858. impton. Gen. tician, b. Columbia, S.C, Grandson of the preceding. He had served in both branches of the State legisl. He com. a regt. known as the Hampton Legion in the first battle of Bull Run, where he was wound- ed ; was promoted to brig.-gen. ; fought in the Peninsular campaign, and was again wounded at Seven Pines ; was in the army which invad- ed Md under Gen. Lee in Aug" 1862 ; fought at Antietam; was in the com. of Stuart wiien Md. and Pa. were invaded by him in Oct. Severely wounded at Gettysburg ; afterward made licut. -gen.; and com. the cavalry of Lee's army in Va. in the summer of 1864 ; at Bovd- ton Plank Road, 27 Oct. 1864, attacked the Union forces in the rear, and afterward served in S.C. His bro.. Col. Frank Hampton, succeeded to the com. of the Legion, and was killed in May, 1863. Hamtramck, John Francis, col. U.S. A., b. Canada, 1757; d. Detroit, Apr. 11,1803. A capt. in Dubois's N.Y. regt. in the Revol. war; maj. of inf. Sept. 29, 1789; lieut.-col. com. 1st sub legion, Feb. 18, 1793; com. the left wing under Gen. Wayne, and disting. in his victory on the Miami, Aug. 20, 1794 ; col. Apr. 1, 1802. He was an exemplary discipli- narian. John F., son of the above, b. Fort Wavne, Ind., 1797, d. Shepherdstown, Va., Apt'. 21, 1858. West Point, 1819. He served with Taylor, then a capt. on the Indian fron- tier; was U.S. Indian agent for Osage tribe 1826-31 ; col. 1st Va. regt. in Me\ican war; com. a brigade in 1847 ; mavor of Shepherds- town 1850-4; and justice of Jeff. Co. Court 1853-8. Hancock, John, minister of Braintree from Nov. 2, 1728, to his death. May 7, 1744 ; b. Lexington, Ms., June 1, 1702. H.U. 1719. (Son of Rev. John, minister of Lexington from Nov. 2, 1698, to his death, Dec. 6, 1752.) He pub. a century discourse, Sept. 16, 1739, and some sermons. Father of Gov. John. Hancock, John, Revol. patriot, b. Quin- cv, .Ms., 12 Jan. 1737 ; d. there 8 Oct. 1793. A. M. of H. U. 17.54 ; LL.D. 1792. Son of Rev. John of Braintree, after whose death he was educated by his uncle Thomas, a wealthy merchant of Boston, in whose counting-room he was placed; and at his death (Aug. 1, 17C4) inherited his large fortune and extensive busi- ness. Visiting Eng. in 1760, he witnessed the coronation of George III. The seizure of bis sloop "Liberty " in 1768, for evading the laws of trade, occasioned a riot; several officers of the customs narrowly escaping with their lives. Member of the Prov. legisl. from 1766, he warmly opposed the measures of the British ministry, and. together with Samuel Adams, was exempted from pardon in Gov. Gage's proclamation, 12 June, 1775. He delivered the oration, 5 Mar. 1774, commemorating the Boston Massacre, fearlessly and powerfully reprobating the conduct of the soldiery, ex- ceeding in its eloquence the expectations of evervone; and gave additional umbrage to the gov.' by declining the app. of councillor. Cho- sen pres. of the Prov. Cong, in Oct. 1774, be was sent to the Gen. Cong, at Phila. in 1775, of whii-h body he was pres. 24 May, 1775-Oct. 1777, being the first to sign the Declaration of Independence. Pres. of the Ms. Com. of Safety in 1774-5. He possessed a fine address anil great impartiality, and by his experience in public business made a good presiding officer. Feb. 6, 1778, he was app. first maj.-gen. of the Ms. militia; and in Aug. took part in Sullivan's exped against R. I. Member of the State HLA-lsr 405 Const. Conv. of 1780 ; gov. of Ms. from 1780 to 1785, and from 1787 lo his dciith. Pros, of the conv. which adopted the Federal Constitu- tion. He gave £300 towards funiisliing a new library and philos. apparatus when llarvaid Hall was burnud in 1764. In 1775 lie m. Dorotliy, cousin of Josiah Quincy the patriot. 'iltiifL Hancock, Wixfield Scott, maj.-gen. / ,U.S.A.,b. Montgomery Co., Pa., Feb. 14, 1824. ^/fif* West Point, 1844. Entering the 6th Inf., he was brev. 1st lieut. for good conduct at Cluiru- bu'ico, leaving Mexico quariermat, « Ih 1 1 h- wurked at the trade of a oar- ix'iiiri II. ■ t.nijlit.-rhool winters, and attended Mr jIous as the " Mercer.sburu' 1 : , . bvDr. Nevin. In L--* . ;■ •> i ..,-; i the German Ref. Ciuird. ... Ll-w.m.u.- 1';,.; in April, 1850, was called to the First Ger- man Ref Chureh in Lancaster; and in I860 to St. John's Church, Lebanon, Pa. Jan. 1, 1864, he was made prof, of theol. in the sem. at Mercersburg. He pub. " Heaven, or an Earnest and Scriptural Inquiry into the Abode of the Sainted Dead," 1848; "The II-i>. >i'. i; > i_iiirioii,"lS51; "The Heavenly ir-, 1 Tnion with the Church," l,s-. : 1 I;, ^ Ml the Bible," 1854; "Life of I;. V Ml hhi ^rhlatter," 1857 ; " The Fa- thers of tlie German Ref. Church in Europe and America," 3 vols., 1857-8; "The True Glory of Woman;" and the "Plea for the Lord's Portion of a Chri,tian's Wealth, in Life bv Gift, in Death by Will," 1858; " Poems," 1860; "The Golden Censer," 1860; "Hvmns and Chants," 18G1 ; " Christological Theol- ogy," 1864. He edited the Mnreislmrg Review the year before his death, also contributing the lives of German Reformed ministers to the Theol. CvdopiEdia of Dr. M'Clintock. His poem called "Das Alt Scbulhaus on Der Kriek," an attempt to preserve the vernacular of the Pa. Germans, enjoyed a wide popularity. From Jan. 1850 he edited the Guardian, a monthly magazine. Harby, Is.\ac, man of letters, b. Charles- ton, S.C, 1788; d. New York, Nov. 14, 1828. He was the grandson of a lapidary of the Em- peror of Morocco, who fled to Eng , and whose son emigrated to S C. After studying law, he taught a school on Edisto Island ; and at dilTcr- ent times edited the Quiver, Investigntor, South- ern Patriot, and other newspapers, and became favorably known as an essayist and dramatic critic. 'He was the author of several orations, and of plays, entitled " Alexander Severus," "The Gordian Knot, or Causes and Effects" (1807), and " Albeni," 1819. In 1828 he re- moved to N.Y., where he contrib. to the Evening Post and to periodicals. A selection from his writings, with a Memoir, was pub. at Charles- ton in 1829. — Dni/ckinclc. Harcourt, William. Earl, a British gen., b. March 20, 1743 ; d. June 18, 1830. He en- tered the army in 1759, and served in Amcr., where, in 1779, he was made col. of the 16th Dragoons, at the head of which he disting. him- self in several actions, and, with a patrol of 30 men, took prisoner Gen. Charles Lee. This brilliant exploit procured Col. Harcourt the appoint, of aide-de-camp to the king. Maj- gen. 1782; licut.-gen. 1793; com. of the Brit, forces in Holland, 1794; gen. 1798; in 1809 succeeded to his title, and took his seat in the house of peers ; and became a field-marshal. Hardee, William J., lieut.-gen. C.S.A., b. Savannah, Ga., ab. 1818. West Point, 1838. Entering the 2d Drags., he became 1st lieut. 3 Dee. 1839; capt. 13 Sept. 1844; maj. 3 Mar. 1855; lieut.-col. 1st Cav. 28 Jan. 1860; res. 31 Jan. 1861. Brev. maj. for gallantrv at Me- dellin, Mex., 25 JIarch; and lieut.-col. for San Augustine, 20 Aug. 1847, anil disting. also at Molino del Rev. Com. of cadets and instr. in Foil corps, and promoted to lieut.-gen. fur services at Pcnyville, 8-9 Oct. 1862; com. the 3d corps at Stone River, Dec. 29, 1862-3 Jan. 1863 After Chiekamauga, Gen. Hardee, who com. the second corps, re-organized the Confcd. army, and threatened Chattanooga. He com. the right at the defeat of Mission. Ridge in Nov. 1863, and succeeded Bragg in the chief com. until relieved by Joe Johnston, under whom he served until the fall of Atlanta. He com. at Savannah and at Charleston at the time of their capture by Gen. Sherman, whom he fought at Averysborough and Bentonville. SX\, and to whom he surrendered with Julinston's army, 27 Apr. 1865. Retired to his plantaiion in Ala. Hardenbergh, Jacohus Rotsun, d.D., clergyman ; d. N. Brunswick, N. J., Oct. 30, 1 790, a. 52. N,J. Coll., 1770. His early education was limited; but perseverance enabled him to acquire extensive learning. " ' ' ' ■ the Dutch Church denominated ill was a zealous preacher, and, with Di part; Cceti Livingston, exerted himself successfully i iug the Dutch churches in 1772. During the Revol. be was a firm patriot ; and at it> close, while minister of the D.R. church in N. Bruns- wick, was made pres. of Queen's College, N.J. ; which jiost he filled till his death, at the same time discharging his pastoral relation. Hardie, James, teacher, a graduate of Marischal Coll., Aberdeen ; died of cholera, N.Y., 1832. Tutor in Col. Coll. 1787-90. In Mar. 1814 he issued a ))rospcctus of a tnag., of which he was projirietur and editor. He had been an inmate of Dr. Beattie's family, at whoso suggestion he came to N.Y. He 'finally ob- tained a livelihood as a SMpernumcrary of the Board of Health, but died in great in'digence. He pub. " Curdnii Colluijuia." 2d cd., N. Y., 12mo, 1805; "Epistolary Guide" for the use of schools, 1817; "Freemason's Jlonitor,'' 1818; "Ace. of Malignant Fever in X.Y.," 1799; Do. of 1805 ; " Vtus Illuslrilms Urhis liumce," 1818; "Dictionary of Wonders of Art and Nature, especially those in America," 12mo, 1819: " Account'of the Y'ellow Fever in X.Y. 407 HAR in 1822," &c., 1822 ; "Description of the City of N.Y.," I2mo, 1827; "Biographical Diction- ary," 4 vols. 8vo. Hardie, James A., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. West Point, 1843. EnteVing the 1st Art., he was assist, prof, at West Point in 1844- 6; maj. 1st N.Y. vols, in Mex. war; capt. 3d Art. 5 Oct. 1857 ; transferred to 5th Art. 14 May, 1861 ; lieut.-col. and A.D.C. 28 Sept. 1861 ; and served on McClellau's staff during tlie Peninsular and Md. campaigns ; on that of Burnsiile in the Fredericksburg campaign ; as- sist, adj.-gcn. (ranis of maj.) 19Fcb. 18B3; col. and iusp.-gen. 24 Mar. 1864; brcv. brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 for services in the Rebellion, and in tliu insii. duyit. — Culluin. Hardin, Col. .I-hn, ii l ,iu-]iiior Co., Va., Oct. 1, 1753; d. 17.'- II iraine an ex- cellent marksman ; - 1. , I , (ii-iiuction in the Indian wars ol \'.i., ai. 1 .i= .i lirut. in Mor- gan's ride corps in the lievul. ; settled in Wash- ington Co., Ky., in 1786. He com. a detach- ment of Ky. militia under Gen. Harmar at his defeat in Oct. 1 790 ; com. Gen. Scott's advance ; and (listing, in his successful exjjed. against the Indians on the Wabash, in May, 1791. Mur- dered by Indians, while bearing a flag of truce near Shawneetown, O., for liis horse and equip- ments, which were very fine. Hardin, Jouk J., col. 1st III. vols., b. Fraiiklort, Kv., 1810; killed at the battle of Bueiia Vista,'Mex., Feb. 23, 1847. Transylv. U. Sonof Maj. M.D. Hardin. Practised law at Jacksonville, III., and was prosec.-atty. ; member III. legisl. 1836-42; M.C. 1843-5. Hardin, Martin D., lawyer, son of Col. John, b. on the Monongahela Kiver, Pa., June 21, 1780 ; d. Franklin Co., Ky., Oct. 8, 1823. Educated at Transylv. Acad.; studied law; several years a member of the Ky. legi.-il. ; sec. of state in 1812; a maj. under Harrison in the nonh-western army in 1812; U.S. senator 1810-17. He pub. Rep. of Cases in Ky. Court of Appeals, 18U5-8, Frankfort, 8vo, 1810. Harding, Chester, portrait-painter, b. Conway, Ms., Sept. 1, 1792 ; d. Boston, Apr. 1, 1866. His family, who were poor, removed to Hatfield, and subsequently to Western N.Y., where he worked on a farm and at chair-mak- ing. He served in the war of 1812, and sub- sequently engaged in cabinet-making and oth- er pursuits in Caledonia, N.Y., and at house and sign painting at Pittsburg. While thus occupied, lie sat for his portrait to a Mr. Nel- son, who refused to give him any inlbiniation as to his art. With such coarse paints as he had, Harding attempted his wife's picture. This Nelson pronounced a dead failure ; but other critics declared it an excellent likeness, and satfor thcirown portraits. He went soon after to Paris, Ky., where he painted 100 portraits in 6 months, and then went to Phila. for instruc- tion in Ills art. Ab. 2 years later he returned to Caledonia, paid off his old debts, and bought a farm lor his family. He went to Eng. in Aug. 1823, remained 3 years abroad ; next re- sided in Boston; again went to Eng. in 1843, and afterward lived in Springfield, Ms. Among his sitters were Presidents Madison, Monroe, and J. Q Adams, John Marshall, Charles Car- roll, Wm. Wirt, Clay, Webster, Calhoun, Washington Allston, David Rieardo, Samuel Rogers, Lord Aberdeen, the Dukes of Norfolk, Hamilton, and Sussex, and Daniel Boone ; at the time of his death he was engaged upon a likeness of Gen. Sherman. He left a MS. en- titled " My Egotistography." Hardy, Sir Charles, a Brit, adm., gov. of N.Y. 1755-7; d. Spithead, Eng., May 18, 1780. Capt. R. N. 10 Aug. 1741 ; gov. and com.-in-chief at Newfoundland in 1744; rear- adm. of the White, and second in com. at the taking of Louisburg in 1758 ; vice-adm. of the White in Hawke's victory of Belle Isle, 1759; gov. of Greenwich Hospital 1771-80. His bro. Josiah, an eminent merchant of Lon- don, was gov. of N. Jersey in 1761-3. Hare, J. I. Clark, jurist, b. Pliila. 1816. U. of Pa. Adm. to the bar in 1S41. Judge of the Phila. Dist. Court 1851-69 ; pres. judge since 1869. Editor of Smith's Leading Cases with H. B. and J. W. Wall.ace ; of Amer. Leading Cases, 2 vols. 8vo; and of White and Tudor's Leading Cases in Equitv, 3 vols. 8vo. Hare, Robert, M.D. (Y^C. 1806 and H.U. 1816), chemist, b. Phila. Jan. 17, 1781 ; d. there May 15, 1858. U. of Pa., where ho filled the chairof chemistry from 1818 to 1847. Prof, of riat. philosophy and chemistry in Wm. and Mary Coll. 1818. In early life he managed the extensive brewery of his father; but his tastes led him to scientific pursuits. In 18u2 he invented the compound or oxy hydrogen blow-pipe, for which he received the Kumford Medal from the Amer. Acad, at Boston. His subsequent achievements in the fusing of met- als, and kindred successful experiments, gave him a high rank in chemical science. He con- trib. to the materia medica his process of denar- cotizing laudanum^ and to toxicology his meth- od of detecting mniute quantiiies of opium in solution. Hiscourseof instruction was marked by originality and simplicity. One of the most useful of his inventions is the valve cock, or gallows screw, by means of which perfectly air-tight communication is made between cavi- ties in separate pieces of apparatus. He also constructed improved forms of the voltaic pile. In 181 6 he invented the calorimeter, with which the first application of voltaic electricity to blasting underwater was made in 1831, under his direction. He became a convert to Spiritu- alism a few years before his death, and lectured and published in its advocacy. He also pub. " Brief Views of the Policy and Revenues of the U.S.," 1811; "Chemical Apparatus and Manipulations," 1836 ; "liauy's Elements of Experimental Chemistry," 2 vols ; " Experi- mental Investigations of the Spirit Manifesta- tions," &c., 8vo, 1856 ; besides moral essays in the Portfolio, and communications to the s'cien- lific periodicals. He was a member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences, of the Philos. Soc, and of the Smithsonian Inst. Harker, Charles G., brig.-gen. vols., b. Swedesborongh, N. J., Dec. 2, '1837 ; killed at Kenesaw Mountain, June 27, 1804. West Point, 1858. He entered the 2d Inf, and became 1st lieut. 15th Inf May 14, 1861 ; capt. Oct. 24, 1861 ; lieut.-col. 65th Ohio vols., and col. Nov. II, 1861; brig.-gen.Sept. 20, 1863. Join- ing Buell's Army of the Ohio, he participated HAR 408 in the battle of Sliiloh, siege of Corinth; led a bri;j;iule in chase of Buell ; fought bravely at Stone River, and was recom. for prom., but did not receive it until after Chickamauga and C'hnttanoot;a, in both of which battles he was hi^'hly dieting. He com. a brigade under Gen. Howard in the Ga. campaign, and held the Peak of Rocky Face Ridge on May 7, 1804, in spite of determined efforts to dislodge him; distinguishing himself also at Mission. Ridge and at Resaca, where he was wounded. Harker, Samuel, pastor of a church at Blackriver, E.Jersey, settled Oct. 31, 1752. He pub. in 1761 "Predestination Consistent with General Liberty," for which he was ex- cluded, and disqualified to preach by the svnods of N.Y.andPhila. In 1763 he pub. an"" Ap- peal from the Synod to the Christian World." Harlan, James, statesman, b. Clarke Co., 111., Aug. 25, 1820. Ind.AsburyU. 1845. He became a lawyer; was supt. of public instruc- tion in la, in"l847 ; pres. of the la. Wesleyan U. in 1833; U. S. senator in 1855-63 and 1867-73; sec. of the interior from Mar. 1865 to Sept. 1806 ; delegate to the Phila. Loyal- ist Conv. of 1866. Harlan, Richard, M.D., a physician, and writer on natural history, b. Phila. Sept. 19, 1796; d. New Orleans, Sept. 30, 1843. Pre- vious to receiving his med. deg. in 1817, he made a voyage to Calcutta as surgeon of an E. India ship. Beside his private practice in Phila., he was in 1822 elected prof, of eomp. anatomy in the Phila. Museum, where he de- livered 'lectures on that science. In 1825 Dr. Harlan pub. his "Fauna Americana;" in 1833 "Medical and Physical Researches;" " Observations on the Genus Salaraandra," 8vo, 1824; "American IleVpetologv," 8vo, Phila. 1827. In 1838 he visited Europe a second time ; and on his return, near the close of 1839, he established himself in N. Orleans. Harmar, Gen. Josiah, b. Phila. 1733; d. there Aug. 20, 1813. Educated chie^v at Robert Proud's Quaker school, Phila. Made capt. 1st Pa. regt. in Oct. 1776; was its lieut.- col. in 1777, and until the close of the Revol. He was in Washington's army in the campaigns of 1 778-80 ; served under Greene in the South in 1781-2; and was made brev. col. 1st U.S. regf. Sept. 30, 1783. In 1784 he took to France the ratilication of the definitive treaty. As In- dian agent for the North-west Territory, he was present, Jan. 20, 1 785, at the treaty at Fort Mcintosh. Lieut.-eol. of inf. under the con- federation, Aug. 12, 1784 ; brev. brig.-gen. (by resolve of Congress, July 31, 1787), and gen.- in-chief of the army (29 Sept. 1789) ; com. an exped. against the Miami Indians, Sept. 30, 1790, and partially defeated Oct. 22, 1790 ; re- signed Jan. 1, 1792 ; adj. -gen. of Pa. 1793-9 ; and active in preparing and furnishing the Pa. troops for Wayne's Indian campaign, 1793-4. — A. T.Coodwan^s Memoir. Harnett, Cornelius, a Revol. patriot, b. Eng. Apr. 20, 1723 ; d. Wilmington, N.C, Apr. 20, 1781. He was a man of wealth and consideration ; lived in the neighborhood of Wilmington, where he owned a large landed estate; aud was among the first in N.C- to denounce the Stamp Act and other kindred measures ; from which period, to the close of his life, he took a deep interest in public affairs. Memberof the Provincial Assembly in 1770-1, and was chairman of the most important com- mittee of that body. As early as 1773, Josiah Quincy of Boston pronounced Mr. Harnett, to whom he had paid a visit at Wilmington, the Samuel Adams of N.C. In Dec. 1773 he was placed on the com. of corresp. ; was a memberof the Prov. Congress, 1775; was pres. of the Prov. Council in 1775; and, on the abdication of Martin, he became the actinggov. of the State; was a member of the Prov. Congress at Halifax in the spring of 1776; and was chairman of the com. whose report on the usurpations of the British Govt, con- tained a resolution empowering the delegates of N.C. in Congress to use their influence in favor of a decl. of indep. Shortly after this occurrence. Sir H. Clinton, commanding a British force lying in Cape Fear River, issued a proclamation offering pardon to the inhabit- ants of N.C. on condition of returning to their allegiance, excepting only Cornelius Harnett and Robert Howe. In the autumn of 1776 he was a member of a com. app. to draft a State const, as well as a bill of rights; and to his liberal spirit the people are indebted for the clause concerning religious liberty. Under the new constitution, Harnett became one of the council; was in 1778 elected to fill Gov. Caswell's ]jlace in Congre-is ; and liis name is attached to the articles of confederation. When the British subsequently held possession of the country adjacent to Cape Fear River, Mr. Harnett was made prisoner, and died while Harney, John H., editor, and author of an excellent treatise on algebra ; d. Louisville, Ky., 26 Jan. 1868. Many years connected with the press, and latterly editor of the Louis- ville Democrat. Previous to his removal to Louisville in 1837, he was prof, of math, in Indiana U. His son Wm. Wall.ice, b. 20 June, 1832, is a poet and editor at Louisville. — See Poets and Poetn/ of the West. Harney, John M., M.D., poet, b. Sussex Co., Del., Mnr. 9, 1789; d. Bardstown, Ky., Jan. 15, 18:^5. Second son of Thomas, a Revol. officer. In 1791 the family emigrated to Tenn., afterward to La. John studied medicine, and settled at Bardstown, Ky. The death of his wife in 1818 weighed so seriously upon him, that he abandoned bis practice, and travelled in Europe. Receiving a naval app., he spent several years at Buenos Ayres. He next conducted a political paper at Savannah, Ga., a few months. " Crystallina, a Fairy Tale," appeared in 1816. Others of his poems were contrib. to the Western Liteiari/ Journal. Among them " Echo and the Lover " attained a wide celebrity. — Poets and Poetrii of the West. " Harney, William Selbt, brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A., b. La. 1798. Bro. of John M. 2d lieut. in 1818 ; 1st lieut. in 1819 ; capt. in 1825, and participated in the Black Hawk war in 1 S.33. He was made lieut.-eol. 2d Drags. Aug. 15, 1836 ; col. June 30, 1846. In the Florida war he was disting. in action at Fort Mellon, 409 ^^tV:\ and in defence of a trading-house at Cailoosa- hatciiie, July 23, 1839; com. an exped. into the Everglades in Dec. 1840 ; and in 1841 was brev. col. " for gallant and meritorious conduct in Florida." He also disting. himself at Medel- lin, Mexico, Mar. 2.5, 1847, and was brev. biig.- gen. in 1848 for Ceno Gordo, Apr. 18, 1847. Sept. 3, 185 Indians at Platte River. June 14, 1858, he was made brig.-gen. and com. of the dept. of Oregon ; and July 9, 1859, took possession of the Island of San Juan, near Vancouver, which was claimed by the English as included within the boundaries of British Columbia. A dispute with Great Britain and the recall of Harney followed. He then com. the dept. of the West ; and in Apr. 1861, while on his way from St. Louis to Washington, was arrested at Harper's Ferry by the secession authorities of Va., and taken to Uiclimond, where, however, he was promptly released. On his return to St. Louis, he i.ssued several proclamations, warning the people of Mo. of the danger of secession, and of the evil effects of the dissolution of the Union. May 21 he entered into an agreement with Gen. Sterling Price, commandingthe State militia, to make no military movement so long as the peace of the State was preserved by its authorities ; and was soon after relieved of his com. Retired Aug. 1, 1863; brev. maj.- gen. Mar. 13, 1865; member of the Indian commission in Aug. 1867. Harper, J.imks, John, Joseph Wesley, and Fletcher, founders of the publishing- honse of Harper and Brothers, b. Newtown, L.L, respectively in 1795, 1797, 1801, and 1804; were sons of a substantial farmer. At the age of 16, James and John were apprenticed to printers in New York ; afterwards established themselves in business, at first performing the greater part of the composition and press- work wiih tlieir own hands, and soon became the Icadinir publisliing-bouse in America. Wes- ley and Fletcher had been, in the mean time, apprenticed to their elder brothers, and in 1825 were adm. as partners; and the style of the firm was changed from J. & J. llarper to Harper &. Brothers. In 1853 their estab- lishment occupied 9 contiguous buildings, the whole of which were (Dec. 10) burned to the ground. Tlie loss amounted to $1,000,000, upon which there was only S250,000 insur- ance. Their present building covers about half an acre of ground, extending from Cliff Street to Franklin Square in Pearl Street. In 1850 they commenced the publication of Har- per's New Monilili/ ila'jazlne. In 1857 they commenced the issue of Harper's WeeUi/, an illustrated newspaper. Their catalogue of publications embraces about 2,000. James, the senior partner, was elected mavor of N.Y. in 1844; d. March 27, 1859. J.'W. d. Feb. 14,1870. 5tuCi-W rL. l<<--^ Harper, Rodert Go2i>loe, LL.D., scna- Q an. nJ7iB2D. rv.j.i^oll. His parents, who were poor, emig. while he was young to Granville, N.C. He displayed in his boyhood great vivacity and versatility of talent, and at the age of 15 joined a troop of horse, with which he participated in Greene's campaign, acting as quartermaster. He procured admission into N. J. Coll., where he taught the interior classes while gaining instruction and distinction in the upper. He studied law in Charleston, S.C. Removing into the interior, he soon acquired political consideration as a writer; was the following year elected to the legist.; and in 1794-1801 was a member of Congress. Here he sided with the Federalists, zealously supporting the policy and measures of Washington. Soon after the defeat of his party, he m. the dau. of Charles Carroll of Carrollton ; resumed the practice of the law in Baltimore, where he soon became eminent in his profession. His defence of Judge Chase, wlien impeached by the house of representatives, was a masterpiece. Mr. Harper was subsequently elected bv the legisl. of Md. to the U.S. senate (1815-16) ; and was made a maj.-gen. in the State militia. In 1819-20 he with his family visited England, France, and Italy. After his return, and until his death, he employed himself chiefly in plans of a public character, such as the promotion of internal improvements and the colonization of the blacks. One of the reports of tlie Colonization Society contains a long and able dissertation which he wrote. A vol. of Mr. Harper's addresses and speeches was pub. Bal- timore, 1814. His pamphlet, pub. in 1797, entitled " Observations on the Dispute between the U.S. and France," acquired great celebrity. He also pub. an address on the British Treaty, 1796; Letters on the Proceedings of Congress; Letters to his Constituents, 1801; Corresp. with Robert Walsh respecting Germany ; Ad- dress on the Russian Victories, and on the Triumphs in Germany in 1814. His son, Charles Cabholl Harper, sec of legation at Paris, d. near Paris, France, June 23, 1837, a. 35. His widow d. Feb. 1861. Harper, William, jurist, b. Island of An- tigua, Jan. 17, 1790; d. S.C. Oct. 10, 1847. S.C. Coll. 1808. He went to school in Balti- more ; and in 1802 moved with his father to Columbia, S.C, where he afterward practised law; moved to Mo. in 1818, and was made ehancellorin 1819; memberof the State Const. Conv. in 1821. Returning to Columbia in 1823, he was State reporter 2 years, and pub. a vol. of Reports. U.S. senator in 1826; afterwards a memberof the legisl., and speaker of the house in 1828; and chancellor of the State from 1834 till his death. App. in 1831 a judge of the Court of Appeals. He prac- tised law in Charleston in 1826-8. His literary performances were an article on Colonization in the Southern Review, a speech in Congress on the " Panama Mission," a eulogy on Chan- cellor De Saussiire, and several speeches in fiivorof nullification, which doctrine ho warmly espoused. Harriman, Walter, gov. N. H. 1 867-9, b. Warner, N.H., ah. 1817. He was a school- teacher, subsequently a trader, and an active politician, having held important oflices in the gift of the Democ. party. In Aug. 1862 he be- came col. IlthN.H. regt., which he led through the war with reputation ; sec. of state of N.H. 1865-7. He is a popular public speaker. liA-R 410 ILVR Harrington, Charles Stanhope, 2d action of Lfxington and in the battle of Bun- Earl, a British gen., b. 1753; d. Brighton, ker's Eill. Iii the latter he was severely Sept. 15, 1829. In 1769, being then Lord wounded in the head, and in consequence was Petersham, he entered the Foot Guards ; in trepanned, and went home, but returned in Feb. 1776, as a capt. in the 29th, he arrived at time to take the field previously to the landii ■ - - ■ ' . I. i" ' ' "" " present at the ; was his aide at the close of the campaign, and in the skirmishes on the Island of New York ; Quebec, and served in all the operations of of the army on L. I. in July, 1776. Capt. ~ rgoyne until the surrender at Saratoga ; Harris was present at the affair of Flatbush ; carried his despatches to Eng. He suceeeded in the engagement at White Plains ; at Iron to the earldom in April, 1779. He afterward Hill (where he was shot through the leg; but, served in the \V. Indies, and became a gen. in notwithstanding the severity of his wound, he 1803. mounted a horse, and went in pursuit of the Harrington, Samuel Maxwell. LL.D. enemy) ; and in every action up to the 3d Nov. (1854), jurist, b. Hover, Del., Feb. 5, 1803; d. 1778,'except that of Germantown. In the lat- Phila. Nmv. 28. 1865. Wash. Coll., Md., 1823. ter year he was aop. to a majority in his regt., Having studied law, he became in 1829 sec. of and in that rank served under Brig.-Gen. state; and in 1831, at the age of 28, chief Meadows at St. Lucie. In 1779 he embarked justice of the Supreme Court of Del. When with his regt. as marines, and was present in this court was merged into the Superior Court, the engagement off Grenada, under Admiral he became an assoc. justice on its bench, con- Byron. He afterward served in India; and in tinning until 1855, when again app. chief jus- Fell. 1798 was made gov. of Madras. In Dec. tice ; and from 1857 till his death he was 1798 he was placed at the head of the army chancelli)r of the State. In 18+9 he was the against Tippoo Sultaun, and captured Seringa- head of the commis. to codify the laws of the patam, for which service he received the thanks State, receiving the thanks of the legisl. for of both houses of parliament; was promoted to the able manner in which he fulfilled the im- the colonelcy of the 73d Foot, Feb 14, 1800; portant task. He pub. " Reports of the Sup. lieut.-gen. Jan. 1, 1801 ; gen. Jan. 1, 1812; and Ct. of Delaware," 3 vols. 8vo, Dover, 1837-44. was raised to the peerage by the title of Lord Harriot, Thomas, an English mathema- Harris, Aug. 11, 1815. tician and astronomer, b. Oxford, 1560; d. Harris, George W. ("Sut Lovingood "), July 21, 1621, at Sion College, where he re- jurist and humorist, b. Tenn. 1805; d. near sided several years. Educated at Oxford, Knoxville, Tenn., Dec. 11, 1869. Author of where he took the degree of B.A. in 1579; a number of works written in a witty and Im- afterward became intimate in the family of Sir morons style. A George W. Harris pub. " Re- Walter Raleigh, and his tutor in mathematics, jiorts of the Supreme Court of Pa.," 1849-56, In 1585 he was sent by him to Va. with the Phila. 12 vols. colony under Sir Richard Grenville; remained Harris, Ira, jurist, b. Charleston, Mont- about aycar; and on his return pub. as the re- gom. Co., N.Y.,3i May, 1802. Un. Coll. 1824. suit of his observations, " A Brief and True Traces his lineage to the colony of Roger Wil- Report of the New Found Land of Va.," 4to, liams. Settled in the practice of law in Al- 1588. He received a pension from the Earl bany; member legisl. 1844-6; of the Const. of Northumberland, who received him into his Convs. of 1845 and 1867 ; judge of the Su- family, and with whom, as well as Raleigh, he preme Court of N.Y. 1847-60, and U.S. sena- passed much of his time while they were in the tor 1862-8. Tower. Harriot invented the presentimprovcd Harris, Isham G., gov. of Tenn. 1857-62; method of algebraical calculation, first made MC. 1849-53. He took part in the Rebellion, public in a posthumous work pub. in 1631. alter which he settled as a merchant in Livcr- A tract of his, entitled " Ephemeris Chyromet- pool. rica," said to be preserved in the library of Harris, Samuki,, Baj.ti-t minister, called Sion College, indicates his merit as an astrono- the "Apostle of \'ir^iiiia," li, Hanover Co. mer. —Biog. Brit. Jan. 12, 1724. Reiiioviiii; id Pitisvlvania Co., Harris, Cuapin A., M. D., b. Pompey, he was col. of militia, captain of May's Fort, Onondaga Co., N.Y., 1806. Prof, of dental and commiss. for the fort and army. ' lie was surgery in Baltimore Coll., founded by him- baptized about 1758, and preached diligently, self, and chartered 1839. Author of "Diseases but was not oid. until 1769. His pious zeal of the Maxillary Sinus," 8vo, 1842; "Charac- caused him to be persecuted, knocked down, teristics of the Human Teeth," 8vo, 1841; pulled from the stand while preaching, and "Dictionary of Dental Science," 8vo, 1849, 2d dragged by the hair. He devoted ninch of his ed. enlarged. 1854; "Dental Surgery," 8vo, property to charity, resigning his worldly of- 1839 ; " Fox's Diseases of the Teeth," 8vo, fices, as he ascribed to them the diminution of 1846; and some transls. from the French, his religious enjoyments. He exercised great Editor of the ./oitrnal of Dental Srience since its power over his bearers. In 1774 the gen. assoc. commencement in 1839; contrib. to the Md. of separate Baptists chose Mr. Harris (j/)os(/e, Jom: of Med. and C'/iii:, Jour, of Med. Science, and ord. him by the hands of every minister in N. Y 'Denial Recorder, &c. — Allibone. that body. Harris, George, Lord, a disiing. English Harris, Samuel, D.D., pres. Bowd. Coll. gen., b. March 18, 1746; d. Belmont, Kent, 1867-71. Bowd. Coll. 1833 ; Wms. Coll. 1855. May 19, 1829. He was educated at Westmin- Teacher Machias Acad. 1838-41 ; ord. Dec. 22, ster ; entered the army in 1759; became 1841; settled at Conway, Me., 1841-51; at capt. in 1771 ; came to America with his regt. Pittsfield, 1851-5 ; prof, theol. Bangor Theol. Ithe 5th Foot), where he was engaged in the Sem. 1855-67. 411 HIAJR Harris, Thaddeds Mason, D.D., clergy- man and author, b. Charlestown, Ms, July 17, 1768; (1. Dorchester, Ms., Apr. 3, 1842. H.U. 1787. After graduatint;;, he taught school at Worcester, and was invited to become the pri- vate sec. of Washington, but was prevented l>y illness. He then studied theol. at Cambridge, where he delivered in 1790 a Phi Beta Kappa Oration on " Learned A.ssoci;itions." Librari- an of H.U. from 1791 to 1793; ).astor of the First Church at Dorchester from Oct. 23, 1793, to 1839. In 1790 he pub. an elegy, "The Tnumphs of Superstition ; " in 1803 "a" Jour- nal of a Tour into the North-west Territory in 1803;" "The Minor Encyclopasdia," 4 vols. 1803; "Natural History of' the Bible," 1820; " Memoii-s of Oglethorpe," 1841 ; " Hymns for the Lord's Supper," 1320; numerous Sermons and Addresses ; " Discourses in Favor of Free- masonry," 8vo, 1801 ; " Memorials of the Firsl Church in Dorchester," 8vo, 1830. — See Biorj. Notice bji Dr. Frothimjham in Ms. Hisl. Coll., 4th series, vol. ii. Harris, TiiAnnEas William, M.D., ento- mologi>t, li. Dcirclii'.irr, \1, , .\,-i I _> 17',)'); d. Cambri.l-'-, .M>^, ■'hi. h. I . !l 1 I .I.".. Sonoflhr|irrr,.,|,,,- ]].- i ;,, , ,i„,l began to |.i:iriiM. m .Miliun. l.r.,.,iMii ..| 11. U. from 1831 to his d. Foi; several years he gave instruction in botany and natural history in the coll. ; and he origiuated the Harv. Natural His- tory Society for the students. He was a learned botanist; but it is as an entomologist, to which science he was especially devoted, that his Eu- ropean fame is owing. In 1837 he was app. one of the commiss. for a zoological and botanical survey of Ms., the result of which was his " Systematic Catalogue of the Insects of Ms." (8vo, 1832), enumerating 2,350 species. His extensive collection of N. Amor, insects, to- gether with the catalogues and drawings relat- 'iig to them, were purchased by subscript' Injurious to Vegetation," 1841, is a permanent contrib. to science of the highest value. A new and enlarged ed. was pub. in 1852. He took a deep interest in antiquarian researches. More than 50 of his papers have been pub. in the N. E. Fanner, Horticultural Magazine, Mi. Ploughman, " KncyclopoBdia Americana," " Trans." of the Phila. Acad, and of the Hart- ford Natural History Society ; the " Journal " of the Boston Society of Natural History ; " The N. E. Hist, and Geneal. Reg.," " The Cambridge Chronicle," &c. He was one of the founders of the Ms. Hortic. Society. Harris, Tho.mas L., lawyer, and M. C. 1849-55, b. Norwich, Ct., Oct. 29, 1816; d. Petersburg, III., Nov. 24, 1853. Trinity Coll., Hartford, 1841. He studied law in Ct. ; com- menced practice in 1842 at Petersburg, III.; State senator 1846; muj. 4th 111. regt. in the Me.\. war, and disting. at Cerro Gordo. Harris, Tiio.mas L., author of " Arcana of Christianity," and loundcr of a community of Spiritualists at Brocton, Lake Erie, N. Y., b. Stony Stratford, Eng., 1824. Einig. to the U.S. in early life. Among his works is an " Epic of the Starry Heavens," 1854 ; " Mod- ern Spiritualism, its Truths and its Errors ; " " Truth and Life in Jesus, 12 Sermons ; " and "The Millennial Age, 12 Scritions." Editor and chief contrib. to the Herald of Li Ms. Hist. Society a new edit Hist, of N. E.," to which lie -.vUWa iiKiiiy im- portant notes, 1848; and in 1849 edited the 3d vol. of the N. E. Hist, and Gen. Reg. He was a member of many literary societies. Edwaud D. Harris, his bro., has pub. geneals. of the Vas- sal, Bascom, and Brattle fains., and Watertown Epitaphs. — A'. E. H. and Gen. Reg., i.x., 100. Harrison, Benjamiji, statesinan, b. City Point, on the James River, ab. 1740; d. there Apr. 1 791. A student, but not a grad., of Wm. and M. Coll. In 1764 he was a member of the State legisl., of which he was soon chosen speaker; member of the com. in 1764 which prepared the memorials to the king, lords, and commons; an opponentof the Stamp-Aet reso- lutions of Henry; a member of the Mercantile Assoc, of 1770, of the com. of corrcsp., and of all the conventions held until the govt, under the Constitution was established. He was of- fered a seat in the exec, council ; but bis attach- ment to the patriot cause prevented his accept- ance of it. He was a delegate to the first gen. Congress of 1774, and immortalized his name by affixing it to the great charter of American liberty. Mr. Harrison rendered valuable ser- vices as chairman of the board of war, and on other important committees. Resigning his seat in 1777, he was elected to the H. of burgesses of Va.,and was chosen speaker. This position he retained until 1782, when he was made gov. of the State, and was twice re-t-lccted. Ho was a member of the first council of slate in 1776. In 1788 he became a mcniljer of the convention of Va. that ratified the Constitnlion of the US. He advocated its adoption with certain amendments, but voted against it. Ho m. Eliz., dau. of Col. Wm. Bassett; and was the father of Pres. Wm. H. Harrison. His bro. Charles (Wm. and M. Coll. 1760) was a gen. of the Revol. Commiss. col. of art. Nov. 30, 1776, and served to the end of the war. Harrison, Napoleon B.,capt. U.S.N., b. Va. Feb. 19, 1823; d. Key West, Fla., Nov.l, 1870. Midshipm. Feb. 26, 1338; lieut. Jan. 6, 1853; comm. July 16, 1862; capt. Apr. 28, 412 1S68. Served in Cal. durin"; the Mexican war; com. " Ciiyu.sa," flagsliip of Capt. Bailey, and led the line in passage of Forts Jackson aiid St. Philip to the city of N. Orleans; and specially commended for gallantry and skill in official reports. Com. steamer "Mahaska" in James- Uiver flotilla ; steani-friirate " Minnesota," N. All. block squad., 1862-3; attached to So. Atl. block, squad. 1863-5 ; and took part in the op- erations on the S.C. coast up to the fall of Charleston; commandt. of Midshipmen Naval Acad., Annapolis, 1868-9. — Hamersly. Harrison, R- A., a Canadian lawyer, b. Montreal, Aug. 3, 1833. Lawyer of Toronto. Called to the bar in IS.i.i. Author of " Digest of Cases in the Queen's Bench, U.C." 1823- 51; "Common Law Procedure Act," 1856; "Statutes of U.C. to 1856; " " Sketch of the Legal Profession in U.C," 1857; " Rules of Practice and Pleading in the Courts of U.C," 1858; "Municipal Manual of U.C," 1859. Connected with the Law Journal since July, 1856. — Moiqan. Harrison, Richard, 55 vears auditor of the U.S., 5 vears consul to Ca'diz, b. 1750; d. Washington", July 10, 1841. Harrison, Robeut Hansom, jurist, b. Mil. 1745; d. at residence on the Potomac, Charles Co., Md., Apr. 2, 1790. Educated to the law. He succeeded Joseph Reed as sec. to Washington, Nov 6, 1775, with the rank of lieut.-col., and continued in the familv of Wash- ington until the spring of 1781. In'Nov. 1777 he was app. by Congress a member of the board of war, but declined. He became chief justice of the Gen Court of Md. Mar. 10, 1781; and in 1789 declined the app. of judge of the Sup. Court of the US. Harrison, William Henry, 9th Pres. of the U.S., h. Berkclev, Charles Co., Va.,Feb. 9, 1773; d. Washington, DC, April 4, 1841. Son of Gov. Benjamin. Educated at Hamp. Sid. Coll., and studied medicine. In April, 1791, he received from Washington the com- mission of ensign ; was in 1792 promoted to a lieutenancy, and fought under Wayne, who made himonc of his aides. After the desperate battle at the Miami Rapids and the treaty of Greenville, in 1795, he was made capt., and was placed in com. of Fort Washington, the site of the city of Cincinnati. In 1797 he resigned, and was app. sec. of the North-west Territory ; became its delegate to Congress in 1799; first gov. of the Territory of Ind. 1801-13; and was also supt. of Indian affairs, concluding in the course of his administration 13 important trea- ties with the different tribes. Nov. 7, 181 1, he gained over the Indians, led by Tecumseh, the celebrated battle of Tippecanoe ; com. as maj.- gen. of Ky. militia the north-western army during the war of 1812; and bore a disting. part in the campaign of 1812-13, the defence of Fort Meigs, and the victory of the Thames, Oct. 5, 1813; brig.-gen. Aug. 22, 1812; maj.- gen. Mar. 2, 1813. Resigning in 1814, he, in conjunction with Shelby and Cass, treated with the Xorth-western Indians at Greenville; and in 1815 he was placed at the head of a commission to treat with various other important tribes; M. C in 1816-19 from Ohio; member of the Ohio senate 1819-21; U.S. senator 1825-8; and in 1828 he was minister to the Republic of Columbia. On his return, he took up hia residence at North Bend, on the Ohio. Nomi- nated by the Harrisburg Convention in Dec. 1839 for the presidency, mass meetings and processions were first brought into vogue ; and the slur which had been cast upon Gen. Harri- son, that he lived in a log-caliin, with nothing to drink but " hard cider," was seized upon as an electioneering appeal. He was triumphantly elected, receiving 234 out of 294 votes, lie entered upon the duties of his office with an un- common degree of popularity ; and his death, which took place just a month after his inau- guration, caused a deep sensation throughout the countrv. Author of a " Discourse on the Aborigines" of the Vallev of the Ohio," Cin., 8vo, 1838. His wile, dau. of John Cleves Symmcs, d. North Bend, 0., Feb. 26, 1864. His dau. Lucy D., wife of Hon. D. K. Este, noted for piety and benevolence, b. Richmond, Va., d. Cincinnati, 7 Apr. 1826. A Memoir of Harrison, by iloscs Dawson, was pub. in 8vo, Cincinnati, 1824 ; and another, bv James Hall, 18mo, 1836. Harrod, Col. James, a Kentucky pioneer, b. Va. Emig. to Ky. in 1774. Built the first log-cabin upon the presentsite of Ilarrodsburg. One of the most efficient of the early military leaders of Ky. E.xpert in the use of the rifle, he was a successful hunter, and a dangerous an- tagonist of the Indian. He was at the battle of Point Pleasant in 1774. He survived the stormy scenes of his youth, and late in life ab- sented" himself from home on hunting-excur- sions, from one of which he never returned. — Collins. Harsha, David Addison, author, b. Ar- gyle, N.Y., Sept. 15, 1827. He received a clas- sical and tlieol. education, but, owing to a bron- chial affection, never entered the ministry. He has pub. " The Heavenly Token," 1 856 ; " Lives of Orators and Statesmen," 1854; "Star of Bethlehem," &c., 1864; "Manual ofEuglish Sacred Literature," and Lives of Charles Sumner, Doddridge, Baxter, Addison, and Bunyan ; and Lives and Select Works of Isaac Watts, George Whitefield, James Hcrvcy, and Abraham Booth ; " Devotional Thoughts of Eminent Divines," 1 869. — Dui/clcinck. Harte, Francis Bret, poet ami humorist, b Albany, N.Y., 1837. He lo^t his lather, a prof, in the Albany F'emale Seminary, when a child. At 17 ho went to Calilornia,"where he taught school, became a miner, and then a compositor in a newspaper office at Eureka. Returning to San Francisco, he was a composi- tor, and afterwards editor of the Golden Era. He held positions successively in the surv.- general's office, the U.S. marshal's office, and the branch mint; and was concerned in the management of tlie Californmn. He became known to the public by his poems and character- istic pictures of California life in the Overland Moiitlilij, founded and edited by him in July, 1868. ' Author of " Luck of Roaring Camp, and Other Tales," 1869; a vol. of Poems, 1870, and " Condensed Novels." Hart, James M., landscape-painter, b. Kil- marnock, Scotland, 1828; came to Albany with his family in 1831, where he was a coach- 413 HAR maker's apprentice, and afterward an artist under the instruction of his hro. Wm. In 1851 he went to Dusscldorf; returned to Albany in 1852,and in 1856settledinN.Y. City. Among his pictures are " Autumn in the Woods," " Moonrise in the Adirondacl;s," " Peaceful Homes," and " Sunday Afternoon in Berk- shire." Became an academician in 1859. — Tuckerman. Hart, Joel T., sculptor, b. Clark Co., Ky., 1810. In his boyhood he worked as a mason, and had but one quarter's schooling, but was an indefatigable render. In 1830 he worked at stone-cutting in Lexington ; soon began model- ling busts in clay, and succeeded in obtaining good likenesses of many persons at the West ; among others. Gen. Jackson and C:i=^iiis M. Clay, who gave him his lir^t i-Mnniii^Mnn for a bust in marble. His statur mI II(nn (.'lay was shipped from Florenci- to tin- l^S. Aug. 29, 1859. He has executed many busts uf em- inent men, some ideal works, and was long en- gaged u])on a colossal bronze statue of Henri- Clav for the city of N. Orleans. Among hi's works is " Angelina," " Woman Triumphant," and ■' II IVn.suroso." Hart, John, signer of the Dccl. of Indep., b. Hopewell, N. J., 1708; d. there 1780._ A respectable farmer with an ordinary education. He was for many years a member of the colo- nial legisl. of N. J., and was disting. for good sense, patriotism, integrity, and moral excel- lence. He was a delegate to Congress from 1774 to 1777, and suffeVcd much at the hands of the loyalists, who used special exertions to take him prisoner. He fled from his family, and wandered through the woods from cot- tage to cottage, and from cave to cave, con- stantly hunted by his enemies; so that he never ventured to sleep twice in the same house. The capture of the Hessians by Washington al- lowed him to return to his estate, where he passed the rest of his life. Great confidence was reposed in the wisdom and judgment of " honest John Hart." Hart, John Seely, LL.D., b. Stockbridge, Ms., Jan. 28, 1810. N. J. Coll. 18.30. Prof, of ancient languages there since 1864. Prin- cipal of Phila. High School 1842-58. Author of essay on " Spenser and the Fairy Queen," 8vo, 1847 ; "Female Prose Writers of Ameri- ca," 8vo, 1 85 1; " Class-Book of Poetry," 12mo, 1844; "Class-Book of Prose," 1844; "Ex- position of the U.S. Constitution for Schools," 1845 ; " Greek and Roman Mythol.," 1853 ; editor of Pa. Comm. Sch.Jour.y 1844; Saiinin's Mag., 1849-50 to July, 1851 ; "The Iris," an annual for 1850, '51, and '52 ; " White's Uni- versal Hist. ; " and other works. He has also contrib. to the periodicals. — Allibone. Hart (or Heart), M.\jor Jonathan, U.S.A., b. Kensington, Ct., 1748; killed in bat- tle with the Indians, Nov. 4, 1791. Y.C. 1768. Son of Ebenezer Heart. His bro.. Dr. Josiah of Marietta, 0. (Y.C. 1762), d. Aug. 1812, a. 74. Ji.na. taught school in N. J. ; settled in Farmington in 1773 as a merchant; was a pri- vate soldier at Bunker's Hill; and served through the Revol. in the 1st Ct. rcgt., attain- ing the rank of capt. and brig.-qnarterm. En- gaging in surveying, he was in 1785 app. capt. 1st U.S. regt., and served at various Western posts, and in the Indian campaigns of Scott and Harmar. App. major 2d U.S. Inf. Mar. 4, 1791, and accomp. St. Clair's exped. Near the sources of the Miami of the Lakes, in what is now Darke Co., O., St. Clair's army was sur- prised, and totally defeated. Hart commanded the regulars in this battle. While covering the retreat of the shattered remnant of the army, he was ordered to charge with the bayonet ; and, in gallantly performing this perilous duty, he, with nearly all his com., were killed. Ho con- trib. " Observations on the Ancient Works of Art," " The Native Inhabitants of the Western Country," to the Tmns. Amcr. Soc, iii. 214. Hart, CoL. JosErn C, author of" Miriam Coffin," and " Romance of Yachting," N.Y. 8yo, 1848; consul at Santa Cruz; d. there Julv 23, 1855. Hart, Levi, D.D. (N.J.CoIl. 1800), minis- ter of Preston, Ct., from Nov. 4, 17G2, to his d., Oct. 27, 1808, a. 69. Y.C. 1760. Son of Thos. of Southinglon. He studied with Dr. Bellamy, whose dun. Rebecca he aftenvard m., and trained many young men for the ministry. He pub. occasional sermons, 1771-1803.— Spraf/ue's Anuals. Hart, Oliver, Baptist minister of Charles- ton, S.C, from 1749 to Feb. 1780, I). War- minster, Bucks Co., Pa., Julv 5, 1723; d. Hopewell, N. J., Dec. 31, 1795. Ord. at South- ampton, Oct. 18, 1749. He was a patriot, and was sent with Wm. Tennent by the Council of Safety to reconcile some of the disaffected fron- tier settlers to the change in public affairs con- sequent upon the Revol. In Dec. 1780 he settled at Hopewell. He had strong powers of mind, and sound judgment ; was something of a poet, and pub. a number of sermons and Hart, William, ])ainter, b. Paisley, Scot- land, 1823. Emigrating with his parents to the U.S. in 1831, he settled in Albany; and in a few years was apprenticed to Eaton and Gilbert, coachmakers in Troy, by whom he was employed to paint coach-panels. He sub- sequently painted landscapes, portraits, and even window-shades ; and paid a visit to his native country. Since 1848, he has been an associate and aregularexhibiterat the National Acad . of Design , of which in 1 858 he was elected an academician. Aresidentof N.Y. City ; pres. of the Brooklyn Acad, of Design. Among his pictures is "Coming from the Mill," " Little Spring," " Gloaming," " Up among the Hills," "Peace and Plenty," " October Golden Hours," " Close of Day on Mt. Desert," " Autumn in the Valley," ""Storm Clearing Off," "Melrose Abbey," "Lake among the Hills," and " The j6y of Autumn." His latest work is a scries representing the sea.sons. Hartley, David, an English politician and inventor, b. 1729 ; d. Bath, Dec. 19, 1813. He was the son of the celebrated writer on metaphysics; was educated at Oxford ; some time M. P. for the town of Kingston-upon- Hull ; and uniformly displayed as a senator liberal and enlightened views. His steady oppo-ition to the war with the Amcr. Colonies led to his being app. one of the plenipoten- tiaries to treat with Dr. Franklin at Paris; HAR 414 HJLR and some of his letters on that occasion were pub. in the corresp. of that statesman in 1817. It has been conjectured that Hartley procured for Dr. Franklin the letters of Hutch- inson and others. In the House of Commons, Hartley was one of the first promoters of the abolition of the slave-trade. His scientific knowledge was exhibited in many useful in- ventions. He pub. " Letters on the Ameiican War," 1776, and other polit. tracts. — Aikin, Gen. Biog. Did. Hartley, Thomas, M.C. from 1789 to 1800, b. Reading, Pa., Sept. 7, 1748; d. at York, Pa., Dec. 21, 1800. He studied and practised law in York ; was commis. lieut.-col. of Irvine's regt. Jan. 9, 1776; col. 6th Pa. 1776-9. He com. anexped. in Oct. 17 78 against the savages who were concerned in the Wyo- ming massacre. Hedestroyed theirscttlemcnts, killed some of the Indians, and recovered con- siderable of the spoil they had carried off. He was in the Pa. Assembly in 1778; one of the council of censors, 178.'3; delegate to the Pa. convention in 1787 to adopt the U.S. Consti- tution. — Lrinman. Hai'trauft, John Fbedebick, brev. maj.- gcii. vols., b. Morristown, Montgom. Co., Pa., Dec. 16, 18.30. Un. Coll. 18.53. He practised lawuntil 1861; com. the 51st Pa. regt. in Burn- side's exped. and capture of Newbern in Mar. 1862; was in all the engagements of the 9th corps, incltiilirig Vicksburg; was made brig.- pcn. 1-J Mir, l"^!'!!: I'fl ilio famous charge that r,:: ! \:' -Ml i: : I (• ; and in com. of til ■ I ' i I I -dj, 1865, gal- lanili I' < i| -i I'll •.' riiii.m in the lines beloio KichiiiuiiJ, lui Hiutli he was brev. maj.- Hartshorne, Edward, M.D. (U. of Pa. 184U), U. Pliila. 1S18. N.J. Coll. 1837. Son of Df. Joseph H. Author of " Notes," &c., to Tayloi's" iMed. Juiisprudcncc," 8vo, 18.54 ; to Joiifb's " Ophthaluiic Medicine and Surgery," 12mo, 1S5G. Conlribs. to many medical jour- Hartshorne, Heney, M.D., son of Dr. Joseph, and bro. of Edward, b. Phila. 1823. Author of " Water vs. Hydropathy," Phila. 1847; prize essay on " The Arteritil Circulation," 1856; "Essentials of Practical Med." 1869. Contrib. to Jouf. Med. Sci., and Phila. Med. Exam. — Allibone. Hartshorne, Joseph, M.D., physician and surgeon, b. Alexandria, Va., Dec. 12, 1779 ; d. near Wilmington, Del., Aug. 20, 1850. M.D. U. of Pa. 1808. Richard, the |iinuecr of the fomily,settlcdontheIli-]il:iihK m|X, i-i-Jnl, in 1669, and became one (Ji :' 'I'liliM r in E.Jersey. Joseph l-i ■, i ;'i .i_-: i, a cripple for life. Heli '^:;'i I"- m ii' I ni^li'', with Dr. Craik, the]!].,. i i ■; W i Lin^ton; bccameres. apprentin I- 1 nhePa. Hospital, Phila., July L'7. I -mgeon and snperctirgu uf an 1 : I i a anan la 1806 ; and on his rmna io r a I ■ ailiiished himself in practice, SI .a 1 nee in his pro- fession. Sur- i: !iitalinl815-21; member of tlia 1 iaia M ai il, and the Amer. Phllos. Societies, and of the Coll. of Physicians. He prepared and pub. in 1806 Boycr on the Bones, with Appendix and Notes. Drs. Edward In 1S5G he was British exploring liich, after having been aban- ice, had bucn rescued by a and Henry Hartshorne are sons. — Gross's Med. Biog. HartStene, Henry J., naval officer, b. S.C. ; d. Paris, March 31, 1868. Midshipm. April 1, 1828 ; lieut. Feb. 23, 1840. He was in 1851 attached to the coastsurv. \ , ami aii aaaid com. the mail steamer "Uliini ! i a was made com., and sent to 1 1 . : ^ in search of Dr. Kane and his ]iaia., v, I; an ho rescued, and brought to N.Y. ordered to convey to Eng. the 1 bark"Resolu dont-d in the Ki'W laaalun w lial.i-, ami |aiia Ini- il . .1' her sal- V..r- !.. < .a, .; ,,.,, |,,, , ;..],. l:,lli,hG0Vt. Ha 1 .. !■ . aa!- I :,,| .. a, , ,. la ,a :n^L; sound- iuy, lar tiia A;i.i:iac iala;,i.ipl! aiLiia. " At the outbreak uf the civil war he resigned ; entered the Confed. navy; and in the summer of 1862 became insane. Hartsuff, George L., brev. maj.-gen. U.S. A., b. Tyne, N. Y., May 28, 1 830. West Point, 1852. App. to the 4th Art. ; served in Texas and in Florida, where he was wounded ; was assist, instr. in art. and inf. tactics at West Point in 1856; assist, adj -gen. (rank ofeapt.) Mar. 22, 1861 ; audmaj. July 17, 1862 ; served at Fort Pickens, Fla., from Apr. to July 16, 1861, and then in Western Va. nnder Gen. Rosecrans ; became brig.-gen. vols. April 15, 1 862, and soon after took Abcrcrombie's brigade, which he com. at the battles of Cedar Mountain, Manassas, and at Antietam, where he was se- verely wounded; maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; Apr. 27, 1863, ordered to ivy., where he was assigned to com. the 23d corps ; liaiit.-col. and assist, adj.-gen. 1 Jiiin-, 1 ^r, i ; in n.ni ••( works at Bermuda in ' I' ' i ''■■•-■ Mar.-Apr. 1865; brev. 1 r.8.A. 13 Mar. 186.3; .■ .,..., ,1: , , , , i — - •.«»,. Hartwell, Ai.uA/.), |,int.-|iaiiiicr, b. Litr tleton, Ms., 19 Fl Boston, and was i to a wood-enui-av on f ;• laai '; ;'■ ■■ he went to . port painter in Boston. Harvard, John, founder of Harv. Coll., b. Eng., probably in Middlesex, about 1608; d. Charlestown, Ms., Sept. 14, 1638. He was en- tered as a pensioner at Eman. Coll. 1628; was gr.ad. B.A. in 1631-2 and M.A. in 1635, and, having eniig. to Ms., was made a freeman Nov. L' . 1 1, r . I N I 'i ■ : ;i portion of land was set off laai' ii.wn, where he exercised the a n liL- had formerly done in Eng. In Aiiil, In ;a in' was ajip. one of acorn, "to consider of .some thiiia, ' lalina i'i>var.l a body oflaws." Halfhi.,.-; , 77' I7 i'r/.,a3he left for the erection of : , 'iloarshis name; apart of whiali i>. -pa-t i- ai 1 to have been diverted from its original ])iupose. He also left to the coll. a library of over 300 vols., indicating in their selection "the taste and skill of a scholar. A monument to his memoiy was erected in the Charlestown burial-ground by the alumni of H.U., and inaug., with an address by Edward Everett, Sept. 26, 1828. HAJR 415 Harvey, Sir John, gov. of Va. 1629-35 ; was ill 1635 suspended as well as impeaclied by the Assembly, but was restored by tlie king the next year, and continued in office until 1639. He was sent as a commis. to that Colony in 1623, and became a member of the prov. govt. in 1 625. He was one of the most rapacious, tyrannical, and unpopular of the royal govs. Harvey, Gen. Sib Jons, a Brit, officer, b. 1778 ; d. Halifax, N.S., Mar. 22, 1852. Enter- ing the army in 1794, he served in Holland, Fr.ance, Cape of Good Hope, Egypt, and India ; was made dep. adj.-gen. in Canada, June, 1812; led the attack at Stony Creek on the night of Jnne 5, 1813, capturing Gens. Chandler and Winder ; received a medal for gallantry at Chrystler's Farm ; also served at Lundy's Lane; was severely wounded at the battle of Fort Erie ; was aide-de-camp to Wellington at Waterloo ; lieut.-gen. Nov. 9, 1846; gov. N. Brunswick some years previous to 1841, when he was made gov. of Newfoundland ; and in June, 1 846, be- came gov. of Nova Scotia. Harvey, Loms P., gov. of Wis. 1862, b. E. Haddam, Ct., 22 July, 1820; drowned at Savannah, Tenn., 19 Apr. 1862. West. Res. Coll. 1840. In 1828 he removed to Ohio; in 1840 to Ke'nosha, Wis., where he was a teacher, and afterward editor of a Whig newspaper. In 1850 he removed to Shopiere, Hock Co.; engaged in manuf. ; was a member of the State senate 1855-7; sec. of state 1857-61. Harvey, Matthew, LL.D. (Dartni. Coll. 1855), statesman and jurist, b. Sutton, N.H., June 21, 1781 ; d. Concord, April 7, 1866. Dartm. Coll. 1806. He studied law; com- menced practice in 1809; was a representative from Hopkinton 8 years, ami -; .iL. i ni ili,- house in 1818-20; pres. ot ill ^ i in 1825-8; councillor 1828-3(1; li :i 1 • I -i ; gov. in 1830-1; U.S. di.-^t. jul,-: linm ls;i till his death; pres. N.H. Ili-'t. ^o.irt.v. HarWOOd, Andrew Ali.kn, renr-ailmiral U.S.N., b. Pa. His mother, Elizul.etl. F. Bache, was a grand-daughter of Franklin. His father was J. E. Harwood, comedian. Mid- shipm. Jan. 21, 1818; lieut. Mar. 3, 1827; com. Oct. 2, 1848; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; commo. July 16, 1862; rear-adm. (retired list) Feb. 16, 1869; chief of bureau of ordnance, 1861 ; commandant Washington Navy Yard 1862-3; sec. light-house board 1865-^9. In 1819-23 he was engaged in the suppression of the slave-trade in Africa, and of piracy in the W. Indies. Member of a commis. to visit dockyards and foundries in Eng. and France, and report on ordnance improvements in 1844. Harwood, John Edmdnd, comedian and poet, b. Eng. 1771; d. Germantown, Pa., Aug. 21, 1809. He was endowed by nature with brilliant talents, and had received an excellent education. He came to Amer. with Wignell's Comp. in 1793; and at Phila. and N.Y. per- formed with great success many leading parts. Dunlap says, " He was more like John Bannis- ter than any other actor of the English stage." He m. Miss Bache, a grand daughter of Benj. Franklin ; retired from the stage, and kept a bookstore and circulating-library, but read his books, and neglected his business. Harwood was a poet, and pub. in 1809 a vol. of verses vard I of wit, and a social stage. ned the where his increased corpulence spoiled his ap- pearance and action for high or genteel comedy. Father of Admiral A. A. Harwood. — ilee Dun- Zap, Amer. Sl-aqe. Hascall, Gen. Milo S., b. N.Y. ab. 1833. West Point, 1852. He entered the 3d Art., but resigned Sept. 30, 1853, and settled in Ind., where he was clerk of the courts of Elkhart Co. June 12, 1861, he became col. 17th Ind. vols. ; brig.-gen. April 25, 1862, and served in the West. He evinced skill and bravery at the battle of Stone River, where he com. a division, and was wounded ; partici- pated in the battle of Chickamaiiga and Mis- .sion. Ridge, and was active as a division com. in defence of Knoxvillo and during thcAtlanta campaign ; com. 2d div. 23d corjis ; resigned 27 Oct. 1864. Since 18C5, banker at Goshen, Ind. — Cullum. Haskell, Daniel, pre^. cf the V. ,,f Vt. I82I-4, b. Preston, Ct., Ksi: ,\ V, klvn, N.Y., An-. 9, 1848. Y.t.'. 1^m_' ll-ian^ht at Norwich, and was sum --iv .Iv |ii^i.ir at Middletowu, Litrhliria, .St. .\llMn''s, and Bur- lington, Vi. IL; r.iitril .MrCnIlocli's Geo- graphical Dietiunaiv, aiM |,iil,. " A tJazetteer of the U.S.," with .1. C. Smith, 1843; " Chro- noloirv i.f the World," 1845. Haskell, William T., lawyer, b. Tenn. ; d. Hopkin^vllle, Tenn., March 20, 1859. M.C. 1847-9. He was liherally educated; pr.actised law; and in the Mexiean war was col. 2d Tenn. vols.; di-tniLT. hiinselfat Medellin and at CeiTO Gordo. — h,ii„vn,. Haslett, I'm.- JoHV, of Sussex Co., Del., As.-. In Whit ins, I picket uf l!o;;ers's rangers, took 30 prisoners, a pair uf eolurs, and 60 muskets ; in the action at White Plains, Oct. 28, 1776. His son Joseph was gov. of Del. 1811-14 and 1823-4. Hassler, Ferdinand Rudolph, director of the U..S. coast survev, b. Aernen, Switzer- land, 6 Oct. 1770; d. Phila. Nov. 20, 1843. He was introduced by his countryman Albert Gallatin ; was prof. math, at West Point from Feb. 14, 1807, to Feb. 14, 1810 ; was scientific amb.assador to London and Paris, with the outfit and salary of a foreign minister; com- menced the co.ast survey, July, 1816; left it Apr. 1818; and resumed it A'ug. 1832. He made valuable contributions to the Am. Philos. Trans, relating to the coast survey. Author of "System of the Universe," 2 vols. 8vo ; several elementary vi'orks on mathematics ; and " Report to the U.S. Senate on Weights and Measures," 1832. — ^Ir/Hi/ Did. Hastings, Thomas', music doc, h. Wash- ington, Ct., 1784. At 12 he with his father removed to Clinton, N.Y. He early gave inueh attention to church psalmody. From 1824 to 1832 lie conducted a religious journal in Utica, and has since resided in N.Y., where he was invited by a number of churches to improve their psalmody. He pub. " Spiritual Songs," 1832; "Christian Psalmist," 1836; "The 416 Mother's Hymn-Book," 1849; "Devotional Hymns and llcligious Poems," 1850 ; " Disser- tations on Musical Taste," 8vo, 18S3 ; " His- tory of 40 Choirs," 8vo, 1854; "Manhattan and N.Y. Academy Colls." and " Elements of Vocal Music." His poetical and musical pul> lications number about 20. Hatch, Edward, brcv. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Me. Lieut.-col. 2d Iowa Cav. Dec. 1861 ; com.regt. at New Madrid, Island No. 10, battle of Corinth, Grant's Tenn.-rivcrcampaign; and com. cav. brigade at the battle of luka ; col. Sept. 1862; com. brigade at Thompson's Sta- tion, Hatchie, and Grant's Mpi. campaign ; com. cav. division Army of theTenn. at Salis- bury, Colliersville, La Grange, Palo Alto, BIrmingbam, Jackson, Ingraham's Mills, &c.; brig.-gcn. vols. Apr. 1864; com.cav. division at Florence, Lawrenceburg, Campbellville, Spring Hill, Franklin, Nasliville, and pursuit of Gen. Hood; col. 9th U.S. Cav. July 28, 1866; brev. brig. -gen. U.S.A. for battle of Franklin: and brev. mnj.-gen. for battle of Nashville, Tcnn. -Hen,;,. Hatch, John P., brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. West Point, 184.5. Entering the 3d Inf., he was transferred to the mounted rifles ; was twice brev. for gallantry at Contreras, Churubuseo, and Chapultepec; became 1st lieut. 1851; capt. 13 Oct. 18G0; brig.-gcn. vols. Sept. 28, 1861; and assigned a cav. brigade under Gen. King, with wliich he disting. him- self by several daring reconnoissances ab. Gor- donsville, the Rapidan,and the Rappahannock ; com. cav. of the 5th corps in Shenandoah Val- ley Mar.-July, 1862, and engaged at Winches- ter 26 June. ' In July, 1862, he was transferred to the inf. brigade (forinerly Augur's) ; and in Aug. took the division of Gen. King, who was disabled by sickness. At the second battle of Bull Run he was wounded ; also at South Mountain, where his com. formed the right of Hooker's corps; maj. 4th Cav. 27 Oct. 1863. He com. the forces operating on John's Island, S.C, July I-IO, 1864; com. coast division, dept. of the South, 29 Nov. 1864 to 26 Feb. 1865 ; cum. at attack at Honey Hill, S.C, 30 Nov.,andTullafuinyRiver9Dec., 1864; after- wards co-operated with Sherman while moving up the coast, and in several skirmisbes. Brcv. maj. for Manassas, lieut.-col. for So. Mountain, col. and brig.-gen. U.S.A. for services during the Rebellion. — Cullum. Hathorne, John, one of the chief judges of Ms. 1702-15. Son of William, bapt. 27 Aug. 1641, Salem ; d. Boston, May 10, 1717. Rep. 1683 ; assist, or counc. 1684-1712, except- ing daring Andros's govt. ; active in tlie witch- craft persec. ; served in the Indian and Eastern of the board of assistants (1062-79), and com. a regt. of militia. A zealous friend of liberty and the charter rights of his time, he was one of the five principal citizens whom Charles II. in 1666 ordered to be sent to Eng. to answer for refusing to submit to the authority of the commissioners. Hatton, Robert, gen. C.S.A., b. Sumner Co., Tenn., 1827; killed at tbe battle of Fair Oaks, Va., 31 May, 1862. Adm. to the bar in 1849; member Tenn. legisl. 1856 ; M.C.1859- 61. Hauck, Minnie, voralist, b. N. Y. City, where, at the age of 1 8, she first app. in pubHc as soprano at Christ Church. At 20 she sang at the Acad, of Music in tbe opera of " Cris- pino," and achieved distinction ; Oct. 26, 1868, she made her dSiU at the Opera House, Lond., as Amina in "La Sonnambula." — Brown's Amer. Stage. Haupt (bowpt), Hermann, engineer, b. Phila. 1817. West Point, 1835. Entered 3d Inf., but resigned Sept. 30, 1835; was assist, engineer on the)iublic works of Pa. until 1839 ; prof, of mntb. in Pa. Coll. till 1847, when he became princi[)iil ong. of the Phila. and Colum- bia Raihou'l, of which he was made supt. in 1849. He was from 1S56 to June, 1861, the principal engineer of the railway tunnel through the Hoosac Mountain, Berkshire Co., Ms. ; app. brig.-gen. 5 Sept. 1862, and charged with the gen. supervision of the transportation ser- vice ; col. and aide-de-camp, 27 Apr. 1862; inventor of a drilling engine, which took the hiilhest prize of the Hoy. Polvtechnic Soc. of Great Britain. Author of " llints on Bridire- Building," 1840; " General Theory of Bi idge- Construction," 8vo, 1 8.53 ; " Plan for Improve- ment of the Ohio River," Svo, 1855 ; "Mili- tary Bridges," 1 864. Haven, Alice Bradley, authoress, b. Hudson, N.Y. 1828 ; d. Aug. 23, 1863. Her maiden name was Emily Bradley. While a school-girl, she sent, under the pseudonymeof Alice G. Lee, many attractive sketches to tbe Saliirdai/ Gazette, pub. by Josejjh C. Neal in Phila. In 1846 she m. him, and at his request assumed and retained the name of Alice. On her husband's death in 1847, she conducted the Gazette for several years ; contrib. poems, sketches, and tales to' the leading magazines. She pub. in 1850 a vol. entitled " Gossips of Rivertown, with Sketches in Prose andVerse." Well known by her series of juvenile stories, which attained great popularity. In 1853 she was m. to Mr. Joshua L. Haven. Portions of her private diary have been pub. since her death in a biography, entitled " Cousin Alice, a Memoir oi^ Alice B. Ha war as col. and com. of the forces in exped^V. Haven, Erastcs Otis, D.D. (Un. Coll. of 1696. 1854), LL.D. (0. Wes. U. 1863), clergyman, Hathorne, Major William, an eminent b. Boston, Nov. 1, 1820. Middletown U., Ct., citizen of iMs. ; d. Salem, 1681, a. 73. He 1842. He soon after entered the ministry of removed from Dorchester to Salem in 1636. the M.E. Church; was app. in 1843 teacher of In 1645, with Gov. Dudley and Gen. Denison, natural science in the Amenia Seminary, he was an agent to treat with D'Aulnay, the N.Y. ; and in 1846 was elected principal of that French agent at St. Croix. He was dep. from institution. He was in 18.53 elected prof, of Salem to the Gen. Court several years ; the first Latin and Greek in the U. of Mich. ; prof, of speaker (1644), and held that station 6 years; Eng. literature in 1854-6; and was in 186.3-9 pres. member of the Ms. Board of Edu also one cation 1858-63; member Ms. Senate 1862-3; A. '(3 /fi/y 417 H^xrw ■pres. of tlie North-western U., Chicago, since 1869. In 1 S56 lie became editor of Zions Her- aid, the oldest Methudist paper in the world. Author of " The Youn- Man Advised," 1835; " Pillars of Truth," 1SB6 ; " lihetoric," 1869 ; besiiles reviews, sermons, &c. Ha?eu, Nathaniel Appleton, lawyer and writer, b. Portsmouth, N. II., Jan. 14, 1790; d. there June 3, 1826. II.U. 1807. Grandson of Or. .Samu.d II., minister of Portsmouth (1752-18U8). lie .Mcidied law ; settled in Ports- mouth. Ill ISU he dehveid a Fourth-ol-July onuiou Ml l'.,ri-in,mili; vi,iird I'.urope in 181 5 ; d-.i> r. J I r,,i i;. M l\.ii.i.,, .,„ at Uartrn. (\. 'I I : . , ,1 . . •,: I .:: ;■ r,,.Hll,Jo„r- n . ■ ., 1 _l : . I ■- . II •.-, ., . :,:,., f.n- tlie Haven, - wn i i l ..^i i.k, archa;olo;;i.st, b. Dedluuii, M .. I .1 ". Amh. Coll. 1826. Lawyer, iih, ,;, .:i arian Anier. Antiq. Soe., \Voic..„u, :U,. .^,..11 uf Jud-e Saml., de- scended IVoni Uiehard ol Lynn, 1645. He has pub. " Hist. Address at Uedhani," 21 Sept. 1S36 ; " Kemarks on the Popham Celeb.," 186.3 ; " Arehajolo-v of the U.S." (pub. by the Smiths. Inst ), 4to,"l8o5. Haviland, Joii\, architect and engineer, b. En-. D.T. 15, 1792; d. Phila. March 28, Ih.' ^.. . . I, i : , lMl.lt. alKTIlir p. alls nl .Mr. 11 , I : 1 ,:.'.■ named the Hall oljusliceat ,\. 1 L' S. Naval Asylum at Nor- t;.:' . I Missouri, and Rhode Island .S,,i' i ;:,. 111! ii MS ; the Deaf and Dumb Asy- lum, liuia, ; Ilia .State Insane Asylum, Harris- burg; and the U.S. Mint, Phila. Author of " Builder's Assist," 3 vols. Svo, Bait. Haviland, Wili.h.m. a B.it. i^cn., b. Ire- land, 1718; d. 1CSm|,m ir-( II. -. iM,l .,: fii- thagena and Pori.. ... -. ,. ,, i ,, ,; Blakeney in tiie vi- - i:,, 27thregt. underLuiMl: I i , .\ m . i:..r; -. . -. . d under Abercrombie at Iicjiid To-a in K.'.s; under Amherst in 173U-GO; and a, l.ng.-uen. com. tlie csped. which reduced Isle Aiix Nni.-i, Si. John's, and Chamhlv, entering .Muntr.ad elHeientIv im imm- Amer. '.^ m . thereduciiM, '. the 4tll brij .: i m, 25 May. I.:J , :: Hawes, .ii>i: wav,M,.. Kcc. 2:i ISG7. Blown C. CM i^yn.an, b. Mod- (iilciil, Ct., June 5, his early lite inesemcd lew opportunities for education. He studied theol. at Andovcr; was settled in the First Cong. Church in Hart- ford, Ct., March 4, 1818, and soon became known as an ablepreacher and writer ; and re- tained the pastorate until his death. He has pub. "Lectures to Young Men," 1828, of which 100,000 have been circulated in the U.S. ; " Tribute to the Memory of the Pilgrims," 1830; "Memoir of Norinand Smith," lS.i9; " Character Every Thing to the Young," 1843 ; " Tlie Religion of the East," 1845 ; " Looking- Glass for the Ladies," 1845; "Washington and Jay," 1850; and in 1865 "An Offering to Homo Missionaries;" a vol. of discourses on " Home Missions ; " " Letters on Univer- salism," 18mo; " Century Address," Hartford, 9 Nov. 1835; beside numerous occasional ser- mons in the National Preaclun- and elsewhere, and articles in the \-nrious quarterly reviews. Hawes, William Post, autlior, b. N.Y. f'Kv.rrI,, 4. 1S1«; d 1^42 (nl r,,ll,, N'.Y., rietv of articles Im- p n , i ,,;. -pMrially to the iV.r. J/»ror and :m I U.mlhhi Mny- azine. He also in, . ;, .1 strife. The best of his writiii,,, a.i.: paa. in 1S42, under the title of " Sporting Seenis," signed with the psendonvme of " Cvpress, Jun.," edited, with Memoir, by II. \V. "Herbert. Hawkins, BENifVMiN, statesman, son of Col. Philemon, b, *ite3 Co., N.C., Aug. 15, 1754 ; d. at the Creek Agency, June 6, 1816. He left N. J. Coll. at the outset of the Revo!, war, and became a member of the family of Washington, where he acted as interprLier in the intercourse of the gen. with the French of- cers of his army. He was present at the battle of Monmouth, and upon several other occasions; and in 1780 was commissioned agent of N.C. to procure arms and ammunition. He was a delegate to Congress from 1781 to 1784 from N.C; was app. a commissioner to treat wiih the Cherokeesnnd other southern Indians in 1783, atorlrom 1789 to 1795, after' which Washing- ton app. him supt. of Indian affairs sontiL Al- though amanof wealth, he took up his residence among the Creeks, and devoted all his energies to their iiii]iiovement. He established a large i trill, laiili mills, bouses, wagons, and made ira- I ■ I , 1 sorts suited to the demands of I .Some of his manuscripts are in tiM I -MM,,, I the Ga. Hist. Soc. ; and those on •"lopography" and "Indian Character" have been published. Hawkins, Rev. Ernest, prcb. of St. Paul's (1845-65), and see. to the Soc. for Prop- agation of the Gospel ; h.ab. 1802. Baliol Coll., Oxf, 1824. Authorof "History of Missions to the N.A. Colonies," Loud. 1845 ; " Annals of the Colonial Church," Svo, 1847; "Annals of the Diocese of Quebec," Svo, 1849. A can- on at Westminster Abbey since 1865. — Men of the Time. Hawkins, Sir John, an English naviga- tor, b. Plymouth, 1520; died at sea Nov. 21, 1595. He made several voyages in his youth, and acquired much maritime experience. In 1562-8 he made 3 voyages, with cargoes of ne- groes, from Africa to the W. Indies, in the last of which he was severely handled by the Spaniards for engaging in contraband trade. 418 III hii r tv^ ,>v ^;^^ 573 treas. of the navy, which he tleath; and in 1588 vice-adm. of the st|uail. sent a^'ainst the Spanish Armada, and was knij^hted for his conduct on that occa- sion. In 1595 he was sent with his kinsman, Drake, against the Spanish W. Indian settle- ments; but difterence of opinion and consequent ill success occasioned hiiu so much chagrin, that it is supposed to have hastened his death. Author of a," True Declaration of the Trouble- some Voyage of Mr. John Hawkins to tlie Partes of"Guvnea and the VV. Indies, 1567-8," Lond. 8vo, 1569. His son, Sir Richard Haw- kins, was adm. of N. Eng. Hawkins, John H. W., temperance re- former, b. Baltimore, 1797; d. Parkerstiurg, Pa., Aug. 26, 1858. He became a confirmed drunkard, sinking to the lowest depths of intox- ication, but, through the interposition of his little dau., was restored to himself, to his fami- ly, and to usefulness. This was in- June, 18+0 ; and from that time he labored and lectured in every State in the Union, save California, with wonderful success. — See Life, bij Wm. Geo. Unwkins, 12mo, 1859. Hawkins, Col. Philemon, Revol. states- man, b. N.C. Dec. 3, 1752; d. Pleasant Hill, Warren Co., N.C, Jan. 28, 1833. Member of a troop of cav. at the battle of Allaniance, May 16, 1771. Before he was of age, he was a member of the Gen. Assembly for Bute Co. He represented the counties of Bute and Gran- ville 13 years, with but two years' intermission. His last term was at Fayetteville in 1789. He . -raised the first vol. co. in the county of Bute V *. itfv»*< •J\^°'^ 'he War of Independence. In 1776 he was J^-X*-^**^ elected col. of a rcgt. ; and in that com. per- formed many services. He was the last sur- I f^ !c\l\>i^ viving signer of the State constitution of V Jl,^* ' * N.C; in 1776 was a member of the conven- ^* , J-^ »->J^j2jion which ratified the U.S. Constitution; and ill?' \''freqnently a member of the Exec. Council. — « N.E. Mar/., iv. 264. /■^ Hawkins, William, gov. of N.C. 1811- » 14 ; (I. Sparta, Ga., Mav 17, 1819. Nephew of Rrnjamin, U.S. senator. Hawks, Cicero Stepheu, D.D. (U. of Mo. 1S47), LL.D., Prot.-Epis. bishop of Mo., b. Newbern, N.C., Mav 26, 1812; d. St. Louis, Mo., Apr. 19, 1868. U. of N.C 1830. His grandfather came over with Gov. Tryon, and wasemployed as an architect. He was brought up by his brother, Rev. Francis L. Hawks, and studied law, but never practised. Ord. priest in 1834; and was rector of Trinity Church, Buffido, in 1837-43 ; rector of Christ Church, St. Louis, 1843-4 ; and consec. bishop of Mo. Oct. 20, 1844. In 1849, when the cholera made such fearful ravages in St. Louis, he was untiring in his devotion to the suffering, re- gardless of personal exposure ; and attended to the physical as well as spiritual wants of the victims. Contrib. to various journals, and edi- tor of "The Boy's and Girl's Library," and " Library for My Young Countrvmen." Au- thor of " Friday Christian, or the Firstborn of Piteairn Island." Hawks, Fr.\ncis Lister, D.D. (Col. Coll. 183?;, LL.D., clergvm:m and author, b. Newborn, N.C, June 10,"l798; d. N.Y. Sept. 27, 186b. U. of N.C. 1815. Ho studied law ; was adm. to the bar at the ageof 21 ; and prac- tised some years in N.C At 23 he was cleitcd to the legisl., but, resolving to devote himself to the Epis. ministry, was ord. in 1827 ; was for a short time assistant to Dr. Harry Croswell in N. Haven, Ct. ; in 1829 l>ccaine assi>t. minister of St. James's Church, Phila. ; was rector of St. Stephen's in 1831 ; and Irom 1832 to 1843 was rector of St. Thomas's Church, N.Y. As his- toriographer of the Amer. Epis. Church, Dr. Hawks, under the authority of the gen. conven- tion, went to Eng., and obtained copies of im- portant papers relating to its early historv. lu 1837, with Dr. Henry, he founded the'iV.l'. lievieio, of which he was for some time editor and a principal contrib. He also founded at Flushing, L.I., St. Thomas's Hall, a school for boys ; but it was closed in a few years, leaving Dr. Hawks deeply in debt. From Nov. 1 840 to Oct. 1842, he conducted the CImrch Record, a weekly paper devoted to the cause of Cbrisrian- ity and education, in which In- prinir.i much of the historical matter cnllirti.l l.v liim in Europe. He removed to .Mpi. in Is;;, and was elected bishop of the diocc-e, whidi, how- ever, he declined. At the close of 1844 he removed to N. Orleans, where he became rec- tor of Christ Church. He remained there 5 vears, and was meanwhile elected pros, of the U. of La. Returning to N.Y. in 1849, a sub- scription of S15,00() relieved him from pecuni- ary embarrassment. He became rector of the Church of the Mediator, iiltcrward merged into Calvary Clinn-I,, « l,,r|, |„. n-i-ncd in 1861, fromsyrniiailiy with thr .^..utli ; :i ml, dining the 1865 he wa^ ncaKfd lu X.Y. to bccoTnc rector of the Chapel of the Holy S.iviuur. He was elected bishop of II I. in 1S.t4, but declined. ports «( t!:" ^1 ipr-ni" <'"url "f N.C," 1820- 6, 4 vt.K <-.'■ - , •■ 1 ii'j...,t of ;.ll the Cases Decidr.l ,: i: • ; " " Contribu- tions lu III' i. . ii,.,; Hi. -t ..(the U.S.," 2 V0ls.(eM.i„;aH,, ;\-.,,,Al.i.,:;n !\- V 1: -IVy,,! and its Monum. .•nts,"l.'<4'i: fession in the 1 I'rotestant 1 1850: "Historv •of N.C," J > ' ■ -- lie translatcil Itnv,. rn ,1n.l 'l^- '■::: ;/. • \ 1 ,ii|t|l'< of Pen,,' 1 ■ 1 • nnl others.:, I -! \ , , 1 , ■ 1 • : ■ ■ • ■ 1 - t -J ■ "Roman. • : 1 phv," 18.'>n : viiih llrv. Wmi .S |^.,,^, ■.l.mr- naisof III- Inn t;,nK~ ..;;!,.. Vr. .]:,.. rhnrch in theU,S, l7.v-,-ls,-.;i," im;]; and ■' Dnr, Hist, of the Pr.-lCp. Church in the U.S." 1 Slj.'j ; and, under the pseudonyme of " Uncle Philip," several vols, of juvenile works for H.irper's "Boys' and Girls' Library." He compiled from" Perry's original notes and. journal the " Narrative of Com. Perry's Expeil. to the Chi- na Seas and Japan in 1852-4," 1856 ; and has contrib. to various periodicals. He was at the time of his death preparing a work on the An- cient Monuments of Central and Western Amer. and a physical geography. He was eminent for learning, piety, and eloquence ; member of the N.Y. Hist. Soc. ; vice-pres. of the Amer. Ethnol. Soc. 1855-9 ; vice-pres., and from 18.J5 to 1861 pres., Amer. Geog. and Statist. Soc. — See the Hawks Memorial, by E. A. Diii/ckinck, Hawley, Gideom, missionary to the In- dians, b. Uiid-cport, Ct., Nov. 5, 1727; d. Karshpce, Oct. 3, 1807. Y.C. 1749. Ord. July 31, 1754. He began his mission at Stockbridge in Feb. 1752, and opened a school for Indian cliildien. His next field of useful- ness was Oughquauga on the Susquehanna, whither he went in June, 1753, remaining un- til the Frenih war began in May, 1756 ; wlicn he went to Boston, and was chaplain in Grid- ley's regt. in the exped. against Crown Point. From Apr. 10, 1758, to his d., he labored in the Marshpee Mission. He was well qualified for his work ; the dignity of his manner, and a voice of authority, giving him great influence with the Indians. He pub. in Hist. Colls, of Ms. Biog. and Topog. Anecdotes respecting Sandwich and Marshpee, and an interesting letter narrating his journey to Oughquauga. Hawley, Gideon, scholar, b. Huntington, Ct., 1783; d. Albany, 20 Aug. 1870. Un. Coll. 1809. Removed to Saratoga Co., N.Y., 1794. Ailm. to the Albany bar in 1813; sec. ol the rc-tnts of the U. 1814-41 ; and a regent (.fthe Siniih>onian Inst. 1846-70. Thoroughly versed in litcnuure and science. He printed fur private distribution among his friends " Ks- says in Truth and Knowledge." Hawley, Major Joseph, an eminent statesman, b. Northampton, Ms., 1724 ; d. March 10, 1788. Y.C. 1742. He began public life as a preacher, but devoted himself to the law, and practised in Hampshire Co. many years with great reputation. Misting, for his legal attainments and political knoivledge, as well as for integrity. He was regarded as one of the ablest advocates of American liberty. Ilepealedly elected to the council, he steadily refused the office, preferring a seat in the H. of representatives, where, from 1764 to 1776, his patriotism and his bold and manly eloquence gave him a commanding position. He was a member of all the important committees of the time; was often chairman, sometimes prepar- ing the resolves offered ; and in 1770 was one of the com. of corresp. He was chairman of the com. of the Prov. Congress in Oct. 1774 to consider the state of the country, &c. ; and was also a member of that hotly in 1775. He continued iu the Gen. Court till infirm health necessitated his retirement. From a violent opposer of the ecclesiastical measures of Jona- than Edwards, whose removal from Northamp- ton he had been active in eflfecting, he became liis warm advocate; and in 1760 wrote a remarkable letter deploring his part in the affair. Hawley, Joseph Roswell, journalist and politician, b. Richmond Co., N.C., 31 Oct. 1826. Ham. Coll. 1847. At the age of 11 he went to Ct. ; established himself at Hartford in the practice of law in 1850; and in 1857 connected himself with the Eveninr] Press, a Kepub. organ. Entering the 1st Ct. regt. in Apr. 1861, he was a capt. at Bull Run ; lieut.- col. 7ili Ct. regt. Sept. 186I,conig. after the promo, of Col. Terry ; at siege of Pulaski, I'oei taligo ; siege of Forts Wagner and Sum- ter ; com. a brigade at Olustee, Fla., in Feb. 1864, and Army of the James in Va. ; at siege of Petersburg, Drury's Bluff, Deep Bot- tom, Deep Run, and Darbytown Road ; brig.- gen. 17 Sept. 1864; com. 2d brig. Terry's div. 10th corps; afterward Terry's chief of staff in Va. ; brev. maj. -gen. Sept. 1865; gov. of Ct. 1866-7 ; pres. Chicago Nat. Rcpub. Conv. June, 1868. Now (1871) edits Hartford Courant. Hawthorne, Nathaniel, author, b. July 4, 1S04, at Salem, where his English ancestors settled early iu the 17th century ; d. Plymouth, N. H., May 19, 1864. Bowd. Coll. 1825. Feeble in health, he lived on a farm from his 10th- year. After quitting coll., he resided many years in Salem. In 1832 he pub. in Boston an anonymous romance. In 1837 he coll. a number of his tales and sketches, and pub. them under the title of " Twice-told Tales," of which a second series appeared in 1842. From 1838 until 1841 he was a weigher and ganger in the Boston Custom House. He afterward lived with the association at Brook Farm in West Ro.'ibury, Ms., — a community of literati and philosophers, who supported the freedom of a rural life by the independent labor of their hands, — of which he was one of the founders.. Before the expiration of a year, he returned to Boston, where he resided till 1843, when he m., and took up his abode in the old manse at Con< ord, which adjoins the first battle-field of the Revol. In the Introd. to the "Mosses from an Old Manse," 1846, he has given an account of his life there. From 1846 to 1850 he was surveyor of the port of Salem. Of this decayed old custom-house and its ven- erable inmates he gave a graphic and satirical sketch in the Introd. to " The Scarlet Letter," 1850, a powerful romance of early New-Eng- land life, which greatly enhanced his reputa- tion. He then settled in Lenox, and wrote "The House of tlie Seven G.ibles," 1851. This was fill. .wed iu 18,i2 hy " The Blithedale Romance," in which, as he says, be has ven- tured to make free wiili his old and affeetion- tionately-remembered home at Brook Farm, as being certainly the most romantic episode of his own life. In 1852 he removed from Lenox to Concord. Having, during the presidential canvass of 1852, pub. a Life of his coll. friend Franklin Pierce, the latter in 1853 app. him to one of the most lucrative posts in his gift, — the U.S. consulate at Liverpool. This he re- signed in 1857, and travelled in Europe two years. His other writings are, " True Stories ■from History and Biographv," 1851; "The Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys," 1851 ; " The Snow Image and other Twice-told Tales," 1852; and '' Tanglewood Tales," 1853. In 1845 he edited " The Journal of an African Cruiser," from the MSS. of Lieut. Horatio Bridge. In 1860 he pub. " The Marble Faun." His last work, " Our Old Home," 1863, was a collection of sketches of English scenery and life, first pub. in the Atlantic ilontlih/. Since his death, " Passages from his Amcr. and Eng- lish Note-Books" have been pub. in 4 vols., and a complete edition of his works in 18 vols., by Ticknor & Fields, Boston. Hay, George, jurist, d. Richmond, Sept. 1830. Uisting. in the Va. legisl. ; many years IL^Y U.S. attv., in which capacity he was the prose- cutor of' Aaron Burr, anil afterward jud-o of tlio U.S. Court for the Eastern Uist. of Va. His wif>; was the dau. of I'res. Monro-. His polit- ical writing;?, si^'ned " Hortensius," gave him some celebrity. He wrote a treatise against the Usury Laws, " Life of John Thompson," and a treatise on Emigration, 1814. Hay, John, poet and journalist, b. Salem, Ind., 8 Oct. 1839. B. U. 1858. Son of Dr. pioneers. Studied %i ' /ir/y J^^ '° Springfield, III., with Logan & Hay '* mediately on being tlio bar, accomp. I (ISCI ), remain- y until his d., first ■i ■■\iV\ and aide-dc- ni i I ;. iH. Hunter , I't' col. and ;, ,.: rarisl865- i Icu7-S ; sec. of Nov. Pres. Lincoln to W: ing with him almost coii«faiitly unri as assist, sec., and aftcrwnni-n-i nHj camp; served some up i*!!- mni i i and Gillmore, attain assist, adj.-gen. ; see,' : 7; dumje-d'qff-ahr.s M \iviiaa U.; legation at Madrid 1SG9-70; and 1870 has been assoc. editorially with the N.Y. Tribune. His parents have resided in Warsaw, HI., since 1841. Three bros. and two bros.-in- law were officers in the war for the Union. He has pub. (J. R. Osgood & Co.) "Pike Coimty Ballads," and "Castilian Days," studies of Spanish life and character. Hayes, AuousTns Allem, M.D., chemist, b. Wind.^or, Vt., Feb. 28, 1806. Milit. Acad., Norwich, Vt., 1823. He studied chemistry im- der Dr J. F. Dana. In 1825 he discovered the organic alkaloid san»uinaria, remarkable for the briUiant colors of its salts. In 1827, while assist, prof, of chemistry in the N.H. Med. Coll., he investigated th" < riirii.nnTr-'; nf r-lim-ninm ; and his paper on till- ■ • ', , i' , " Cast away in the Cold," first appeared in Our Young Folks. — Thomn.^. Hayes, Rutherford Birchaud, b. Dela- ware, U., Oct. 4, 1822. Ken. Coll. 1842; Camb. Law School, 1845. He practised law at Cincin- nati, where he was city solic. 1 858-61 ; was maj. and afterwards col. 23d Ohio regt., sen-ing in W. Va. ; was wounded at South Mountain ; 25 Dec. 1862 to Sept. 1864 com. the 1st brig. Kenawha division ; led this div., and was made brig.-gen. Oct. 19, 1864, for Winchester, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek ; and, 13 Mar. 1 865, brev. ma,i-gen. ; M.C. 1 865-8 ; gov. of Ohio since 1 868. Hayne, Arthdr P., soldier and statesman, b. Charleston, S.C, March 12, 1790; d. there 7 Jan. 1867. Grand-nephew of Col. Isaac, bro. of Robert Y. He received a good education, and entered a counting-house, but joined the army in the war of 1812; was 1st licut. at Sacicett's Harbor; maj. of cavalry on the St. Lawrence ; insp.-gen. in the Creek Nation ; and was at the storming of Pensaeola and the battle of N. Orleans. He was in com. of the Tcnn. vols, in the Fla. war, but retired from the army in 1 820. He was adm. to the bar in Pa; subsequently served in the S.C. legisl.; and in 1858 was app! U.S. senator. Hayne, Coi.. Is.vac, Rcvol. patriot, b. S.C. 1745; d <'h;iri- ton, Sr,,4 An- 1781. He m. in ITir-, :i'i ' h-.' in.- :• ' session - i ; i ' [ : andaiir.'p,. -, .. ■ .. i^^ dist., aftfi»auiae^ir.n._.l of art. in 1780, and State si cr at the capture of Charle returned home, engaein; • ;■ 'It large pos- :.nd Colleton, .''niorks in York .eLiiitish. Capt. )r. Made prison- 12 May, 1780. he t to bear arms. nrms as a Brit- Dr. Ila an I ; I' of colors and chemical prod- \i : ': I .. Ali. ; of consulting chemist or dn i ; n; -ni nt the most important dyeing, bleaiiiin.', -a-, non and copper smelting estal)- liilinients in N.England; and State assayer of Ms. In 1837 his investigations upon thceconom- iral generation of steam, and the relative value of fuels, led in 1838 to a new arrangement of steam boilers, now in general use. Ho has also made i)n]iortant improvements in refining iron and copper. Among his important researches are those in relation to the chemical decomposition of alcohol, upon the action of alcohol upon the human system, and a memoir on the chemical a. n'oTi of sea-waters, undertaken under a com- 1 li- i I I iV'^ni ili navy dept. to examine and re- Ill, I : of'copper and copper sheath- ill J : III lie construction of national vr,,-, :- li hai contrib. to the Proceed- ings of Several scientific bodies, the .Journal of Science, and the Annual of Scientific Dis- cover//. Hayes, Is.vac I., explorpr, b. Chester Co., Pa., 1832. M.D. (U. of Pa ) 1853. In this year he accomp. Dr. Kane's exped., which, after great suffering, returned in the fall of 1855. His "Arctic Boat Jonrnev" (Boston, 1860) narrates this exped. In 1860 he led a second exped. to the arctic regions, and re- turned in the autumn of 1861. His storv. I Hi-:;, m I. -r, 1 ii - ii i i , i ■ ] i< i \ , ■ n ■ \m a; I n . t'harleston, wucre, in violation ol Ins capitulation, he was required to take arms in support of the Royal Govt., or be stibjected to close confinement. On being assured that he would not he required to bear arms against his r.mntry, lii- ijnid a decl. of allegiance to the kl I! ! ' md home only to find his wife i • of his children dead. After th i i i i iic had left to the Britiih nolii; ' ii i .n, Hayne was summoned to ,r.ly to the British standard. I i ii-la- tion of his agreement, and c im- ., ■ ii:[ i. jras- inghim from all obligation ol its observance on his part, he hastened to the Amcr. camp ; was commissioned a col. of militia, and in July, 1781, captured Gen. Williamson, a Scotchman who had gone over to the Briti.^li IT i\iii k ;- non after captured, andconfin'il i , i , u n i ii;il the arrival of Lord Rawilm i; :: . ..ni- mandcr. Condemned by an it nt in.|niry to be hanged, the citizens and ladies of ( harles- ton united in petitioning for his pardon : but Rawdon and Balfour were inexorable; and a respite of 4S hours only was allowed him in which to - 1 :;n 1 t.ik Irave of his children. Thisnni'i ' I ■ execution greatly ex- asperatiil A : i ■, The conduct of Raw- don anil i;,il!iiii- I-. ii.il the greatest indig- nation ; and Gen. Greene issued a proclamation, Aug. 26, announcing his determination to make reprisals. The subject was discussed in the y^J, yht^'ih >. /re/ HA.Y 421 IIA.Y British Parliament. — See Lord liaution's pam- phlet in justification of his conduct, and a criticism upon it in the Soutliern Review for Feb. 1828; al^o Lee's Memoirs, ii. 252-74; Ramsay, i. 453-60. Hayne, Paul II., poet, nuphew of Gov. E. Y. Hayne, 1). Charleston, S.Cf., Jan 1, 1831. Son of Lieut. H. of the navv. He was educat- ed in Charleston, and has hecn a frequent con- tributor to the South, l.il. Mfuxcmier and otlier periodicals. He was editor of the Clmrie^ton Lit. Ga:(tle, was connected with the Evening Niws, and, since the beginning of 1857, princi- pal editor of Russell's Magazine. A vol. of his poems was issued in Boston in 1854, a 2d in N.Y. 1857, .and a 3d, entitled " Avolio and other Poems," in Dec. 1859. His longest poem is entitled " The Temptation of Venus, a Monkish Legend." Hayne, HoBERT Young, statesman, b. near Charleston, Nov. 10, 1791 ; d. Asheville, N.C., Sept. 24, 1839. Grand-iicpliew of Col. Isaac Hayne. With hut a limited education, at the age of 17 he entered the lawK)ffiee of Langdon Cheves, and was ndm. to the bar in 1S12. Upon the election of Mr. Cheves to Congress, he siicceedeil to his larje praciiee. He was in O.t. \f.\A rhv.-vn a number of the deba er; bci tlic pro!< ths er. In a [lowerful s|jcech lie first took the ground It the constitutional riglit Ot protecting Uonn-! ■ :: n'H : 'ir-- I'l I speech onMr. Cl:i\ '■ I to declare and defeii.l ..; i ,,,,_.- ;,, ,,_,it ; a State under the lc.U..il iui,i|,.n i t.j aiiv.-t ;,.c operation of a law wbii li slie considered un- constitutional. This doctrine led to the cele- brated debate between Mr. Welistcr and him- self, in wliich the eloquence and argumenta- tive powers of both statesmen were displayed to their fullest extent. His course in "the senate rendered him exceedingly popular at home; and he was a meiiiber of the conven- tion convoked by the Icgisl. (Nov. 24, 1832) for the purpose of reviewing the obnoxious tariff acts of Congress. The celebrated ordi- ance of nullification, the resolt of their labors, was reported to that body by Mr. Hayne as chairman of the com. to which the subject had been referred. In Dec. he was elected gov. of the State, and resigned his seat in the senate. Pies. Jackson issued a proclamation, denoun- cin'_' these proceedings of S.C: bntGov. Hayne stood firm ; and S.C. prepared for armed re- sistance. The threatened danger was arrested by the passage in Congress of a compromise act. In 1834 he was elected mayor of Charles- ton ; In 1837 pres. of the Charleston, Louis- ville, and Cincinnati Railroadi- Co. Besides his able and eloquent speeches in the senate, he was the author of the papers in tlic old South- ern Review on improvement of the navy, and the vindication of his relative. Col Havne. — See Life and S/ieeches of R. Y. Hajne, l'845. Haynes, John, statesman, b. Copford Hall, Essex, Eng.; d. Mar. 1, 1654. He ar- rived, 3 Sept., 1633, in Bo.ston with Rev. Mr. Hooker; was in 1634 and 1636 an assist., and in 1635 gov. of Ms. In 1637 he was prominent among the founders of Ct. ; was chosen its first gov. in 1639, and every alternate year afterward till his death. He was one of the five who in 1038 drew up a written constitution for the Colony, the first ever formed in Anier., and which enibodics the main points of all our subsequent State constitutions and of the Fed- eral Constitution. Bancroft speaks of him as a man " of large estate, and larger affections ; of heavenly mind, and spotless life; of rare saga- city, and accurate but unassuming judgment ; by nature tolerant, and a friend to freedom ; an able legislator; and dear to the people by his benevolent virtues and his disinterested eon- duct." Few, if any, did as much as he for the true interests of the Colony of Ct. He was cue of the best educated of the early settlers of this country. His son Joseph was the minister of the First Church In Hartford from 1664 to his d., May 24, 1679, a. 38. II.U. 1658. Haynes, Lemcei,, a colored preacher, h. W. Hartlbrd, Ct., July 18, 1753 ; d. GraMvi!le. N.Y,28Sept. 1833. His father was lilack, and his mother was white. He was well treated, and carefully instructed by his ma-ter in re- ligion ; was a faithful servant ; and superin- tended most of his master's business. In 1774 ho enlisted as a rainute-man ; In 1775 joined the army at Roxbury ; in 1776 was a vol. in the exped. to TIcondcroga, after whii-h he re- turned to Granville, where he labored on a firm ICx-iMV"..' iiftnr evening he plied his I 1 • i.i.-"o. In 1780 he was . ;, 1 i .-. years in Granville; w.i.uia iiilTo.j, |i,^.itlied 2yearsin Torrlng- furil ; was then called to a parish in Rutland, where he continued 30 vears ; and afterward labored in Manchester and in Granville, NY., from 1822 rill his death. A Memoir of him has lieen published by Rev. Dr. Cooley. HaJ'S, Alexander, brev. maj.-gen. vols., b. Pitt.shurg, Pa., 1820 ; killed in battle of Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. West Point, 1844. Entering the 4th Inf., he was brev. l.st lieut. for gallantry at Palo Alto and Resacade la Palma; was acting assist, adj.-gen. to Gen. Lane, and distiug. under him; resigned Apr. 12, 1848, -ond became an Iron manuf. at Venango, Pa. May 14, 1861, he was app eapt. 16th Inf ; beeanic col. 63d Pa. vols, and brig.-gen., Sept. 29, 1862. He gallantly participated in the battles of Seven Pines and Fair Oaks; brev. maj. May 31, 1862; distin-. biniself in the seven-days' contests : and June 30 was brev. lieut.-col. for gallantry at Glendale and Mal- vern Hill; severely wounded at Manasass Aug. 30; wounded and made prisoner at the battle of Chanecllorsville, May 2, 1863 ; at the battle of Gettysburg, he com. the 3d divis- ion of his corps ; and, when Hancock was wounded, was temporarily its com. He led his division at Auburn, Bristow's Station, and 422 Mine Run. His last com. was the 2d brigade, 3d division, of Haneoclt's (2d) corps ; brev. col. for Gettysburg ; brev. maj.-gen. vols. 5 May, 1864, for battle of Wilderness. Hays, Is.\AC, M.D.,b.Phila. 1796. U.of Pa. 1816. M.D. 1820. Editor of Wilson's " Amer. Ornithology," 8vo, 1828; Hoblyns " Med. Diet." 1846 ; •' Lawrence on the Eye," 8vo, 1847; Arnott's " Physics," 8vo, 1848; the Amer. Juur. of Med. Science from its com- nuMK'enH'nt in 1827 to tlie present time ; Phila. .lunr. of Mcil. and Phi/s., vol. 4 ; and contribs. to Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc. — Allibone. Hays, Jacob, high constable of N.Y. for nearly M years, and one of the most efficient police-officers ever known; b. New Rochelle, N.Y., in 1772; d. N.Y. June 21, IS.'JO. He received an nppt. in the city police in 1801, and was several years sergeant-at-arms of the board of aldermen, and cricr of the Court of Sessions. It is said that he never forgot tlio countenance of any one to whom his attention Hays, William Jacob, painter, grandson of Jacol) Hays, b. NY. in 1830. He studied drawing with John Rubens Smith, and in 1850 exhibited his first picture, " Dogs in a P'ield," at the Nat. Acad, of Design, liis " Head of a Bulldog," painted in IS52, attracted consider- able attention ; and in the same year he was elected an associate of the acad. Some of his pictures of do^'S and game-birds have been engraved. His"" Setters and Game," " Herd on the Move," •' The Stampede," " Strawber- ries," and " Flowers," and " Noah'.s Head," are among his best pieces. With the exception of a few fruit-pieces, ho has painted almost ex- clusively animals. His pieces are carefully elaborated. Hayward, George, M.D. (IT. of Pa. 1812), phvsiciau and surgion of Boston, b. Mar. 9, 1791 ; d. Oct. 7, 186,3. 11 U. 180'J. Son of Dr. Lemuel; prof, clinlcnl surgery, H.U., 1835-49; pres. Ms. Med. Society ; mem- ber of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. Author of " Outlines of Phvslologv," 1834 ; " Surgical Reports and Misc. Papers," 12mo, 18.5.5. Hayward, John, b. Jan. 1781 ; d. Boston, Oct. 13, 1869. Has pub. " View of the U S.," 8vo, 1833; "Religious Creeds," 12mo, 1837; ■' N. Eng. Gazetteer," 8vo, 1839; "Book of Religions," 12Tno, 1842; " U. S. Gazetteer," 8vo, 1843; "Gazetteers of Ms., N. H., and Vt.," 1849. Hayward, Lemuel, M.D., physician, b. Braintree, Ms., Mar. 22, 1749; d." Mar. 20, 1821. H.U.1768. In 1769 he came to Boston, and studied under Dr. Josejih Wai ren. Estab- lishing himself at Jamaica Plain, he soon ac- quired a lucrative practice. In June, 177.5, he was app. a surgeon in the army. He removed to Boston in 1783, and, until his withdrawal to the country in 1798, had a very considerable Thackr.r, Hayward, Nathaniel, inventor and manuf., b. Easton, Ct., 1808; d. Colchester, Ct., July 18, 1865. In 1837 ho discovered the process of combining rubber-gum with sulphur, the beginning of thcsuccessful manuf.of rubber- cloth. He sold this discovery to Charles Good- year in 1838, who patented it. In 1843 ho in- vented the process of vulcanizing rubber, and in that year made the first shoes made from sheet-rubber at Woburn. He soon after dis- covered a method for giving them a high polish; and in 1847 established the Hayward Rubber Co. at Colchester. He was active in works of benevolence and utility. Hayward, Thomas, Jun., a signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. St. Luke's Parish, S C, 1746; d. March, 1809. Son of Col. Daniel, a wealthy planter. Studied law at the Temple in London ; spent some years in a tour of Europe; and on his return m. a Miss Mat- thews, and commenced practice. He was an early opponent of British oppression, a leader of the Revol. movements in South Carolina, and a member of the first Gen. A.sseniljly organized alter the abdication of the colonial gov., as well as of the first com. of safety there; was a delegate to Congress from 1775 to 1778, when he was appointed judge o( tlio Criminal and Civil Court of S.C. He also held a military com ; was in active service, and in a skirmish at Beaufort in 1780 received a gun- shot wound, the mark of which he bore for life. He was captured at Charleston, May 12, 1780; was one year a prisoner at St. Augus- tine. He resumed his judicial duties in 1781 ; was elected to the convention which framed the constitution of the State in 1790; and in 1799 retired from public life. HavWOOd, JoH.N, jurist, of Halifax Co., N.C. 'State atty.gen. 1791-4; judge of the Superior Court,' 1794-1800 ; earliest reporter of the decisions of the N. C. Court. Ho re- moved to Tenn. ab. 1810. Author of " A Manual of the Laws of N.C," 8vo, Raleigh, 1801 ; " Haywood's Justice ; " " N. Carol. Re- ports," 1789-1806 ; " Public Acts of N.C. and Tenn.," Nashville, 4to, 1810; "Tenn. Reports, 1816-18," 3 vols. 8vo, 1818; " Statute Laws of Tenn." (with R. L. Cobbs), 8vo, 1831 ; "Nat- ural Hist, of Tenn.," 8vo, 1823; and "Civil Hist, of Tenn.," 8vo, 1823. — IF/-ee/«-. Hazard, Ebenezer, U.S. poslmastcr-gen. 1782-9, b. Phlla. 1745 ; d. there June 1.3, 1817. N. J. Coll. 1762. He pub. " Historical Collec- tions," 2 vols. 4to, 1792-4; and " Remarks on a Report Coucerning Western Indians." Hazard, Rowund Gibson, b. So. Kings- , ton, U.I., 1801. A.M. of B.U. 1845. An ^ extensive mauuf.at Peaeedale, R.I. Author of "Language, its Connection with the Con- stitution .and Prospects of Man," Prov. 1836 ; " Two Letters on Causation," &c., 1869. He has also pub. several pamphlets (1841-8) upon Public Schools, Railroads, &c. Hazard, Samuel, archaeologist, b. Phila. May 26, 1784; d. there 22 May, 1870. Son of Ebenezer. His early lite wa-; spent in mer- cantile and commercial pursuit, ; mi, I lir bad made several voyages to tli' Imii,^ Im r,.io be ■y career. of Pennsylv.,' ' 1828-36, 16 vols. »vo ; " U. S. Commercial a nd Statistical Register," 18.i9-t2, 6 vols. Svo ; ' ' Annals of Pa, 1609-82," Svo, 1850; " Penr isylv. Archives," 1682-1790, 12 Hazard, Samuel F.capt. U.S.N., b. New- port, R.I., 1811; d. there 16 Jan. 1867. Son of Nathl. (M.C. 1819-21 ; d. Washington 17 Dec. 1829). Midslupm. 1 Jan. 1823; lieut. 9 Feb. 18-)7; com. U Sept. 1855; capt. 16 July, 18IJ2. Assisted at the capture of Tabasco in the Mex. war; com. W Gulf block, squad. 1862; steam- sloop "Oneida," 1863. Hazard, Thomas R., of Vaucluse, R.I., b. South Kin-ston, 1784; brc of R. G. H. Author of " Fiicis for the Laboring Man," 1340 ; essay on " Capital Punishment," 1830; " Re- port on the Poor and Insane of ilio State," IS50; "Handbook of the American Party," 1856; "Appeal to the People of R.I.," 8vo, 1857. — AllilLc. Hazelius, Eknest Lewis, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1824), Lutheran pastor; d. 1853. Prof. Theol. Sem., Lexington, S.C. Author of " Lilc of Luther," N.Y. 1813 ; " Life of Stillin-," 1831 ; "Augsburg Confession, with .AiiiiMt.itidus : " Emin/ilisr/ies Mnyazin, 18.!l ; '■ .Miitri i:[]s for Catechisation," 1823; " Chun h History," 4 vols. ; " History of the Lutheran Church in America," 1846. Hazen, Moses, brig.-gen. Revol. arniv, b. naverliill, Ms., 1 733 ; d. Troy, N.Y., 3 Feb. 1803. A lieut. in the expeds. against Crown Point in 1 756, and Louiiburg in 1 758 ; accomp. Wolfe to Quebec in 1759, and disting. himself near that city in an affair with the ]?rench, and in the battle of Sillery, 28 April, 1760. He was rewarded for his services with a lieutenancy _(44th Foot) in Feb. 1761. He was on half-pay in the British army, and was a man of wealth, residing near St. John when the Revol. war broke out, and furnished supplies, and rendered other aid, to the army of Montgomery in his expcd. against Quebec. His property was de- stroyed by the British ; and, besides indemnity therefor. Congress, in Jan. 1776, app. him col. of the 2d Canadian rogt. known as " Congress's Ov.'n." Ho was in the battles of Brandywino and German town, and performed efficient ser- vice during the whole war. Made brig.-gcn. 29 June, 1781. After the war, Gen. Hazen and his two bros., both of whom held commands in the army, emig. to Vt., and located there ; the land granted for valuable services. He afterward settled at Alb.any. Hazen, William Babcock, brev. maj.- ,.,gen. U.S.A., b. West Hartford, Vt., Sept. 27, lLj830^ West Point, 1855. A descendant of Gen. Moses Hazen. His parents removed to Huron, /fe/fr,Portage Co., O., in 1833. The sons and a / grandson were officers in the Union army. En- ^ toring the 8th Inf., he served with tlio 4th against Indians in California and Oregon in 1856-7. In April, 1857, he joined the 8th in Texas ; com. successfully in five tights, until, in Dec. 1 859, in a hand-to-hand contest with the Co- manches, he was severely wounded, and was npon four occasions complimented in General Orders. In Feb. 1861 he was app. assist, prof, inf. tactics at W. Point; 1st lieut. Apr. 6, 1861 ; May 14, 1861, he was made capt. Taking com. of the 41st Ohio regt., he joined, in Dec. 1861, the force at Louisville under Gen. Buell ; Jan. 6, 1862, he took com. of the 19th Brigade. At the battle of Shiloh he acted a conspicuous part ; was with Halleck in the operations at Corinth ; in Buell's campaign in Northern Mpi. and Ala. ; drove the rebels from Danville, Ky., Oct. 12, 1 862 ; and took an important part in the battle of Stone River, protecting the left of the army from being turned under simultaneous attacks in front and flank; brig.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; com. a brigade in the operations which resulted in the battle of Chickamauga ; and " by an ad- mirably-executed coup," on the morning of Oct. 27, at Brown's Ferry, deprived the rebels of the fruits of that battle, and enabled the army at Chattanooga to receive its supplies at Bridge- port. At Mission. Ridge he took 18 pieces of art. He served through the Atlanta campaign ; and, in Sherman's march to the sea, com. the 2d div. 15th corps, with which he assaulted and captured Fort McAllister, Dec. 13, 1864, for which he was promoted ; and May 19, 1 805, was app. to com. the 15th corps; maj -gen. vols. 13 Dec. 1864 ; engaged at Bentonville 21 Mar. 1865, and in the operations ending with Johnston's surrender. Brev. maj. for Chicka- mauga, lieut.-col. for Chattanooga, col. for cap- ture of Atlanta, brig.-gen. for capture of Ft. Mc- Allister, and maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. Col. 6th Inf. 28 July, 1 866. — Reid's Ohio in the War. Head, Sir Edmund Walker, gov.-gen. of Canada 1854-61, b. Maidstone, Kent, Eng., 1S05; d. Lond. Jan. 28, 1863. Son of Rev. Sir John Head, whom he succeeded in the bar- onetcy in 1 838. Educated at Winchester and Oxford, bfecoming a fellow of Merton Coll. in 1830 ; and was 5" years a tutor there. Ho was a poor-law commissioner ; in 1 847-54 was gov. of New Brunswick; was in 1863 made a civil- service commissioner; and in 1857 was made a privy councillor. His writings are " Shall and Will," a discussion of the controversy in grammar; "A Handbook of Spanish Paint- ing ; " and " The Temple of Serapis at Poz- zuoli." Head, Sir Francis Bond, an English au- thor, b. near Rochester, Kent, 1 Jan. 1793. While an officer of engineers, he received from a mining-company an invitation to explore the gold and silver mines of S. America between Buenos Ayres and the Andes. He arrived in Buenos AVres in 1825, and accomplished the work in a short time. His " Rough Notes," pub. after his return to Eng., give a graphic description of his expcd. In Nov. 1835, he was app. gov. of Upper Canada. His inju- dicious measures resulted in an insurrection, which he kept in check until his resignation in March, 1838, but which was not quelled until the arrival of his successor. Sir George Arthur. Created a baronet in 1838. After his return home, he pub. a narrative in justification of the measures he had taken against the insurgents. He is widely kno^vn as an author by his " Bubbles from the Brunnen of Nassau," " Life of Bruce," " Fagot of French Sticks," and " Fortnight in Ireland." His bro.,Sir George Head (1782- May 2, 1855), an officer of the Peninsular ^var, is best known as an author by his " Forest Scenes and Incidents in the Wilds of North America," 1829. He was sent to Lake Huron in 1814 to superintend the commissariat duties of a proposed naval establishment on the Cana- dian lakes. Headley, Joel Tvler, author, b. Wal- ton, Del. Co., N.Y., Dec. 30, 1814. Un. Col. 1839. He studied at Auburn Theol. Sem ; was ISTEA. licensed to preach in N.Y.; a pastor at Stoekbriilgc, .M< health to abandon his pnil' • Europe in 1842-3, and mi l;i ters from Italy " and " ' Rhii - tains; " " Washington and his Generals." 1847; Lives of Cromwell, Winfield Scott, Jackson, and Washington ; "Adirondack, or Life in the Woods," 1849 ; " The Imperial Guard of Na- poleon from Marengo to Waterloo," 1852, founded on the work of E. M. de St. Hilairc ; " A History of the Second War between Eng. and the U.S.," 1853; "Sacred Scenes and Characters;" "Life of Gen. Havclock," 1859; "The Chnplains nnd ri,T-y of t!ii> devolu- tion," Isdl. A iiiiil'oviii c^ilion ol' his works duru-, (ill tli<.- iliiM-.iii. in IS. ,4 iir Hiis arepre- sentatiio iu llir >.'.Y. leyi=l., and in lSJG-7 was sec. of that State. Headley, Kkv. PiuNE-is Camp, bro. of J. T., b. Walton, N.Y., June 24, 1819. Author of " Women of the Bible," 1850 ; " Life of Jo- sephine," 1850; "Life of Lafayette," 1855; "Life of Kossuth," 1852; "Life of Mary, Queen of Scots," 1 85G ; and a " Series of Boys' Lives i.f Heroes of the War." Contrib. to pe- rk„lir:,!.,,— .l//,7„„ir. Healy, Glorge Peter Alexander, painter, i.. Duston, 15 July, 1813. He began painting in Boston in 1831 ; went to Paris in 1 834 ; remained there several years ; and has since 1853 resided in Chicago. Among the portraits executed by him abroad are Louis Philippe, Marshal Soult, Gen. Cass, &c. At home he has painted, among others, Calhoun, Webster, Pierce, and Buelianan. His histori- cal picture, " Welistcr's K.iilv to Ilavue," com- plc hil.i of the American Colonies lielore Louis XVI., for which he received a medal of the 2d class. Hearne, Samuel, an English traveller, b. London. 1745; d. 1792. A midsliipmnn in the navy in 1756-63; he afterward entered the service of the Hudson's Bay Co., for whom in 1768-70 he made three voyages of exploration iu the north-west. July 15, 1771, he began his survey of the Coppermine Kiver, which he reached after a journey on loot of nearly 1,300 miles ; [irorcedcd as far as the Slave Lake, en- countering (;reat hardships, and June 30, 1772, arrived at Prince of Wales Fort, after suffer- 4to, 1795. Hearne was a mail of profound observation, of a benevolent and enlightened Heath, Lvman, vocalist and hallad-com- poser, b. Bow, N.H., 24 Aug. 1804 ; d. Nashua, N.H., 30 June, 1870. He taught music and gave concerts for 45 years, and was the auihur of " The Grave of Ijonapartc," " Burial of Mrs. Judson," and other popular pieces. Heath, William, mnj -gen. Kevol. armv, b. Koxliury, Mar. 2, 1737 ; d. there Jan. 24. 1814. His father William, a farmer, occu]]ied the estate settled by his ancestor in 1636. Though bred a farmer, he was fond of military exercises, and, joining the Ancient and Hon. Art. Company, was made com. in 1770. Ho had been previously made a i-npt in iIm- Suf- folk re^t., of which he was air. >i. -. . ■ ! 1 col. In 1770 he wrote snn.liv - , , , I; . - ton newspaper, signed "A .M. !,( . i i. man," on the importance of nnlu.u i ; and "A.,i,!r.itiuns ul' N.itiuv," 1S37. While in Rome he ])ub. in the Cu-',ha Calolica two papers on " Catholicity in the U.S.," which were tran islated into lie vera 1 lan-uases, and reprinted Heck in Am i-rica and l'',ii ro,„.. — 'l/.M/cM/i. welder, .b ■ UN \ I..I i\i 111 111! -l.nl- .lun.l. .Mir 1 -', i:i ; ; .1 i; ;b- lehemi J.i II -J 1 , . ciHi,' ,1 |:ri.,h'licr in his V"" II'' I" \'lh T. benevulcn : : 1 ; a nj remained over 40 year. • 1 I ins of Pa. He stud- iedcarclu 1,1. c, manners, andcus- toms, and , aUci i\- nttii lous career, estab- li,hcd hin l^elf ai I'lieth one of the princi- pal Moral tablishmcnts in N. Amer. llis knowledg e of the Del; iware tont;ue caused bis ^'' Wsion's , emplo vmeni ; to n iccompany paciHe vmong 'the I ndiaiis . In I7ii'2 lie ac- com p. Ml r. Post . in b is ex|. ed. to the ludi.in tribes on the 01 .in, 1 In 179 7 he was sent to snperinic 1.1 III' I, II. the Mu.kin-nin. Becominj -'ir 1- 'bilos. Sue. ufPa., they pull ctions " a " Hist. of the M.I . 1 ' ■ of the Indi,,n Na- tlOnS Wln> ■ : I 1 .1 nil. I t'l • ^..|.^ll- borin-S... . i'l ' . ■ ' : .1 ' I.. 1 I ""■in 1826 by I'll' .1. .• I. '.11 . 'i. "'I' " e between ih. m, iumI .i i '" .I'miiu'v ol I ii.iiiiii lan- guages. Author also cii ■■ A Narrative ol the Mission of the United Brethren among the Delaware and Mohcgan Indians," Phila. 8vo, 1820. — See Life of Utckwctder, by Romllkaler, Phila., 12mo, 1847. Hedding, Elijah, D.D. (Augusta Coll. 1829), bi.hop M. E. Church, b. Pougbkeepsie, N.Y., June 7, 1780; d. there Apr. 9, 1852. He labored on a farm in early life ; was licensed to preach in Mar. 1800 ; otd. deacon in 180.3, and bishop in 1824. His first app. was to Es- sex circuit. He extended his travels to Cana- da; becameamemberof the N.Y'. Annual Conf. in 1801 ; and was app. to thePlattsburg circuit. He was many years presiding elder of a dis- trict, and was elected delegate to the fir.^t dele- gated gen. conf. I'l iIk' - Imicli held in N.Y. in 1812. He w.i, II, I , I , 11 iilal in the es- tablishment ..I . a . lit lio.-ton, the firstMeih.joujii.il m ili.' !'..''<.; timl be was a zealous laborer in the can.se of education. In 1848 he represented his church in the British conference. He wrote a manual on the disci- pline of the church. — Life bij O. SV. Clark, 1854. Hedge, Kreueric Henry, D.D. (H.U. 1852), clergyman and author, b. Cambridge, Ms., Dec. 12, 1805. HU. 1825. Son of Prof. Levi. In 1818 the son accomp. George Ban- croft to Germany, and there studied at lUcId and Schulptbrte, returning borne in 182.'3. Af- ter 3 years' study in the theol. school, be en- tered the ministrv; was in 1828 settled in the Cong, eburcb at'W. Cambridge; and in Sept. 1830 m. a dau. i.f Rev. .John Pierce of Brook- line. Fiom bS.'i.) to 18.)0 I'.e was pastor of a Unitarian church in Bangor, Me. From 1850 to 1856 he was pastor of the Westminster Church, Providence, R.I. ; since when he has had charge of the First Cong. Churcli, Brook- line, Ms. "In 1837 he was chosen prof, of eccl. history in the theol. .school in CiimbridLte. In the same year be took charge of the C/iristlan Examiner. His largest work is the " Prose Writers of Germany : " he has akso pub. versions of many of the minor poems of eminent Ger- man writers, espcciallv Schiller and Goethe. In 1853, in connection with Dr. Huntington, he pub. a vol. of hymns, many of the best of which are his own compositiim and transla- tions ; also " r,i;ur;.'v for the l'~c uf the Church." He bus al.^o pub. " TIm' rrimeval World," isr.'l; and ■■ Ri'i.-im in ll.'h'.'lnn;" says. 1 r .. • ' • I . I . i 'l li ■ .Idiv- cred a 1 '..I, .. ..1 , , '.i Ilntory before tii.i l..,u. ,1 1. ,-;,,,■;.. I;,,-!..,!. Hedge, Levi, LL.l). ( V.C. 1^23), teacher, b. Warwick, Ms., Apr. 19, WUG; il. Cambridge, Jan. 3, 1844. U.V 1792. He was the son of Rev. Lcniui'l. Was a tutor in H.U. in 1805-11; |M-of. of Latin ti mil 1^11 to 1817; of nat. tbeoL, moral pliiln-., ami puliiical economy, from 1817 to 1S2J, and II 1-27 to 1832; and prof of lo-ic and inrtiiiilii-h'. fn.in ISIO to IS27. Dr. Ib-.L'i' p,-'.pa'''l a - I aln mI'^iiiiiU of Brou-n'..Mi'iiiiil IMiilo, , loj7 ; an.! p.ili, a trea- tise on L.-ir. IMo; aUoa.'ulM.^v .1.1 .In-eph McICean, 1818. He received bonurarv decrees from B.U. and Y.C., and was a member of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. Heintzelman (bint'-scl-man'), Samuel P.,brev. maj.-;; II r.s A .b l',i ."'i S ;,!.1S05. West Point, l-j' I : m .1 li 'dnr. 4, 1833. Durin'4 i: \l , i i ■ ., inized a batt. of recrim^ nn i - ..in ,ii. ■. , :,■ ... n.-rs at Vera Cruz, and. inarched to tin' city ol .Mexico. He had several engagements with the enemy ; and for that at Huaniatla, where Maj. Walker was killed, was brev. maj. ; maj. 1st Inf. 3 Mar. 1855. After the war he com. in the southern district of Cal., where ho established Fort Yuma, and successfully supjircssed Indian hostilities. In 1859 he com. an exped. to pro- 426 tect the soiitliern border of Texas from ma- rauding parties under the guerilla Cortinas, in wliich he was also distinj;. He left Texas soon after the treachery of Twiggs, and went on duly at Wasliiiiyton as iiisp.-gen. May 14, 1861, ho was hrev. lieut.col. ; app. eol. 17th Inf.; brig.-gen. vols. 17 May; and ordered to the com. of a brigade at Alexandria. He was subsequently app. to com. the 3d division of the Army of the Potomac under McDowell ; and at Bull Run disting. himself, and was se- verely wounded. Placed in com. of the ."d ar- my corps, he led it with McClellan toward Richmond. This corps suffered most at Fair Oaks. He com. the right wing of Pope's army in the second Bull Run battle, and suliscquently took com. of the fortitications ab. Washington Citv. Maj.-iren. vols. 5 Mav, 1862; brev. brig.- gen". U.^.A^Sl May, IS6-2, for Fair Oaks, and maj.-geii. 1.3 Mar. 1865, for Williamsburg; re- tired Feb. 22, 1869, and made maj.-gen. Heister (his'-ter), DANiiiL, b. Berks Co., Pa., 1747; d. Washington, March 8, 1804. He settled in Montgomery Co., where he was a thorough liiisiness-man, and active in the llcvol., being ccil. and brig.-gen. of the militia in ser- vice. Member supreme exec, council of Pa. in 1784 ; and In 1787 a commiss. of the Ct. land claims; memher of the 1st, 2d, 3d, and 4th Con- gresses from Pa. ; and having moved to Ha- gerstown, Md., represented that State in the 7th and 8th Congresses. His son Daniel was a member 11th Cong. John, his bro. (b. 9 Apr. 1746, d. 15 Oct. 1821), was in the 10th Congress. Heister, Gen. Joseph, gov. of Pa. 1821-3, b. Reading, Nov. 18, 1752 ; d. .June 10, 1832. In 1775 he raised a company, which, at tlie bat- tle of Long Island, was cut to pieces. Capt. Heister, severely wounded, was taken ]jrisoner, and suffered a ycar'sconlinement in the Jersey prison-ship. After his exchange, he again joined the army, and was wounded at Ger- mantown. After the war, he was manv vears a member of the Pa. Icgisl. ; was also' iii the convention which formed the State constitu- tion ; and was M.C. 1797-1805 and 1815-21. Heister, Leoi>old Philip de, lieut.-gen. (July, 1776), com. -in-chief of the Hessians in the Revol. war ; d. Cassel, Nov. 19, 1777, a. 60. Helm, Bex. Haiidin, brig.-gen. C.S. A., b. Elizabethlown, Ky., ah. 1830 ; killed at Chiek- amauga, Sept. 30, 1863. West Point, 1851. Grandson of Ben. Hardinof Kv. ; son of John L. Helm. gov. of Ky. (1850-1 and 1867). Of this family were also iMaj. Benj. (d. 24 Feb. 1858, a. 1)6) and Capt. Leonaud of Fauq. Co., Va , early pioneers to Ky., and disting. in the Indian warfare of the day. B. H. entered the 2d Drags., but resigned in Oct. 1852; lawyer at Elizabethtowii, Kv., 1854-8, and Louisvi'lle, 1858-61; member ky. Icgisl. 1855-6; com- monwealth ativ. 3d dist., Ky., 1856-8 ; eol. 1st Kv. Cav. in 1861; served in Bragg's army at Si' lob ; made brig.-gen. March, 1862; was in the battles of Perry ville and Stone River, where he coin, a division ; led a Kv. brigade at Vieksburg in the summer of 1863. He com. a division at Chickamauga. Hembel, William, physician, pres. of the Acad, of Nat. Sciences of Phila. (1840-50), b. Phila. Sept. 24, 1764; d. June 12, 1851. Ha studied medicine, and was a vol. in the medical dept. of the Revol. army in Va. — /Jui/ckinrL Hemmenway, Moses, D.D. ( ll.il. i 7S5), minister of Wells, Me., from Aug. 8, 1759. to his death, Apr. 5, 1811 ; b. Framingham, 1736. H.U. 1755. Deseendantof Ralph of Roxbury, 1634. Author of Sermons and Controversial Tracts; " Vindication of the Power, &c., of the Unregenerate, against the Exceptions of Rev. Saml. Hopkins," 8vo, 1772. — Sjiiague. HempeljCuARLES Julius, MD., homoeop. physician and writer, b. Solingcn, Prussia, Sept. 5, 1811. U. of N.Y. He studied medi- cine in Paris, and came to the U.S. in 1835. He subsequently practised homoeop. in N.Y. City, and translated and edited the works of Hahnemann and others of that school. In 1 857 he was app. prof, of materia med. in the Homceop. Med. Coll. at Phila. He has pub. " A Grammar of the German Language," 1842 ; " True Organization of the New Chureh," 1843; translations of Hahnemann's " Materia Medica Pura,"I846; of Johr and Possart's "New Manual of the Homceop. Materia Medi- ca," 1849, to which he added a third vol., entitled " Complete Repertory of Homoejp. Materia Mediea," 18.53, &c. ; and "A Com- prehensive System of Homceop. Materia Mediea ITh. 859. Hemphill, Joseph, judge, b. Del. Co., Pa., 1770; d. Phila. May 29, 1842. M.C. 1801-3, 1819-27, anil 1829-31 ; a leading Federalist; disting. himself particularly by a speech on the judiciary bill in 1801 ; member of the State Icgisl. in 1831; some time judge of the Dist. Court, Phila Hencli, John Benjamin, A. A. S., civil engineer, b. Phila. 181 5. H.U. 1840. Author of " FieldBook for Railroad Engineers." Henderson, Archibald, brig.-gen., b. VsL. 1785; d. Washington, D.C., Jan. 6, 1859; app. licut. marines, June 4, 1806; capt. Apr. 1811; brev. maj. 1814; lieut.-col.com. Oct. 17, 1820; col. July 1, 1834 ; com. batt. of marines in the Fla. war; com. in an affair with the Indians on the Hateheluskee, Jan. 27, 1837 ; brevet brig.-gen. for gallant and meritorious service while in command of the marines in Ala., Flor., and Tenn., during the campaigns against the hostile Indi.ins, Jan. 27, 1837. — Gardner. Henderson, James Pinckney, .soldier and statesman, b. Lincoln Co., N.O., Mar. 31, 1803 ; d. Washington, June 4, 1858. He re- ceived a liberal education ; practised law in Mpi. ; was a brig.-gen. in the army of Texas in 1836; atty.-gen. of Texas when its army was disbanded in that year; sec. of state in 1837-9; and afterward minister to Eng. and France to procure the recognition of Texan independence. Returning in 1840, he resumed his profession at San Augustine in partnership with Gen. Rusk until 1843. Special minister to the U.S. in 1844 to procure the annexation of Texas ; member of the Const. Conv. in 1845 ; gov. of the Stale in 1846-7 ; maj.-gen. of Texas vols, in the war with Mexico, and disiing. at Monterey, receiving from Congress its thanks and a sword ; US. senator 1857-8. Henderson, Leonard, jurist, b. 1772; i£E>r 427 a. Granville Co., N.C, Aug. 18-33. Son of Judge RichaiJ. . He studied law, and attained distinction at the bar of N.C. , and was a judge of the Superior Court in 1808-16. On the fornmtion of a new Supreme Court of the State, he was elected one of the judges; and in 1829 was app. cliief justice. Henderson, Ple.isant, Revol. officer, b. Ilanovvr I'o., Vu, Jan. 9, 1756; d. Hunting- don, Tcnn., D.'c. 10, 1842. He stiuiicd law with his bru Judge Kicbard ; entered tlie army in 1775 ; and at tiio close of the war was niaj, of Col. Malmcdy's mounted coips; app. clerk of tlie Sup. Court of Orange in 1782 ; was sec. to Gov, Martin in 1782-5; and from 1789 to 1830 was reading clerk to the H. of Commons. He moved to Tenn. in 1831. He was a friend of Daniel Boone, and in 1776-8 resided at Boonsbo rough. Henderson, Thomas, statesman, of N.J. Princeton Coif 1761. Judge of the C.C.P. ; delegate to the Old Congress 1779-8L); M.C. 1795-7; licnt.-gov. of N.J. Hendrick, a Mohawk chief, killed near Fort Geurgu. N.Y., Sopt- 8, 1755. He was the son of a ilulicgan cbii.r called the Wolf, and m. Hnnnis, dau. of a Wuhawk chief. In 1751 removing the Mohawks to Stockbridge to be instructed by Jonathan Edwards. In June, 1754, he attended the Congress at Albany lor a treaty with the Si.x Nations. In 17,55 he joined Sir Wra. Johnson with 200 Mohawks, and marched to meet Dieskau. At a council of war, Sept. 8, it was proposed to send a detachment to meet the enemy : when the number was mentioned to Hendrick, he re- plied, " If they are to li;,'ht, they arc too few ; if they are to be killed, they are too many." Accompanying Col. Williams's detachment, it was ambushed at Rocky Brook, 4 miles from Fort George ; and this valiant old warrior and faithful friend of the English was mortally wounded. Hendricks, William, an early settler in and guv. of Ind. (1822-5), b. Westmore- land Co , Pa., in 1783 ; d. Madison, May 16, 1850. He sealed in that town in 1814; and filled many important c.iru-es. He was sec. of the conveniion which lornied llie present con- stitution of Ind. ; M.C. 1816-22; U.S. senator 1825-37. Hening, William Waller, elerk of Chancery Court, Richmond; d. there Apr. 1, 1828. Authorof" Justice," 1821; 13vols. of " Statutes at Large," 1822 ; " Amer. Pleader," 2 vols. 8vo, 1811 ; editor of Francis's "Max- ims of Equity," and, with Win. Mumford, pub. 4 vols. " Reports Sup. Court of Ap- peals," 1809-11. Henkle, Moses Montgcmery, D.D., clergyman, b. Pendleton Co., Va., Mar. 23, 1798. In 1819 ho entered the ministry, and becamea missionary to the Wyandotte Indians. In 1822 ho edited a religious magazine; was joint editor of the church paperat Nashville, 'i'enn., in 1845; and in 1847 established the Southern Ladies' Companion, editing it 8 years. He pub. a vol. of Masonic Addresses, 1848 ; " Prmiary Platform of Methodism," 1851; " Analysis of Church Govt.," 1852; " Life of Bishop Baseom," 1853; "Primitive Eiusco- pacv," 1856. Henley, Col. David, Revol. officer, b. Charlestown, Ms., Keb. 12, 1748; d. Wash- ington, D.C., Jan. 1, 1823. Brig.-niaj. to Gen. Heath, Aug. 15, 1775; dep. adj. -gen. Sept. 6, 1776; disting. at the siege of Boston; licnt.- col. R. Putnam's regt. Dee. 1776 ; a]ip. col. of a Ms. regt. Jan. 1,1777; resigned Mar. 31, 1779. He was in com. at Cambridge while the troops captured at Saratoga were there ; was called to account for alleged severities to- ward them by Gen. Burgoyne; was tried by conrt-niartial, and was acquitted. He was an officer of merit ; held important stations in the govt. ; and at the time of liis death was a clerk in the war dept. His bro. Maj. Thomas, a brave and enterprising officer, was killed in a skirmish at Montressors Island, N.Y., Sept. 22, 1776. Henley, John D., eapt. U.S.N., b. Va.; <1. Havana, May 23, 1835, while com. the U.S. squad, in the W. Indies. Midsbii)m. Oct. 14, 1799; lient. Jan.3, 1807; com. July 24, 1813 ; capt. Mar. 5, 18 Henley, Rouert, Citv Co, Va., Jan. 5, 1783; d. Su )UERT, eapt. U.S.N., b. J.imes " " Is- land, S.C, Oct. 7, 18:>8. Midsbipm. Apr. 8, 1799; licut. Jan. 29, 1807; com. Aug. 12, 1814; eapt. Mar. 3, 1825. He served under Tru.Nton in the action with the French ship "La Vengeance," Feb. 1, 1800; and in Mac- donongh's victory on Lake Champlain, Sept. 11, 1814, com. the brig "Eagle," and received a gold medal from Congress. Hennepin (hCn'-nelipan'), Lonis, mis- sionary, b. Atli, Belginni, ab. 1640; d. Hol- land, after 1699. He travelled and preached in various places ; was a regimental chaplain in the battle of Senef between the Prince of Conde' and Williamof Orange in 1674 ; landed at Quebec in 1675 ; in 1676 visited the Indian mission at Fort Fiontenar; and in 1678neeomp. La Sallr's .xp .1 , ,oi;. I, „,,;„- at Niagara a vc^srl I,., ,,;,M, ■'. 1 ! .■-aliovcthofall.s. Au_'. 7, h;T I : 1. ii- voyage, and, rcauliin- tii- I ni.-i-, lliin-, hmlt Fort Creve- Canir, near the present site of Peoria. 29 Feb. IfiSU, he |>roceeded in a canoe to the Upper Mpi. as far as the falls, which he named Saint Anthony's, and which no European bad yet seen. Ai riving at the month of the St. Francis River, in what is now Minnesota, lie named it for the founder of his order; travelled aliout 180 miles along its banks; visited the Sioux Indians ; and meeting a party of Frenrhnien, who bad come by way of Lake Superior, re- turned with them to Canada. Returning to Europe, he pub. at Paris, in 1683-4, an account of his travels, entitled " A Description of Loui- siana," — a work of great value, notwithstand- ing the vanity, and proneness to exaggeration, of its author. In 1697 he pub. his "New Dis- covery of a Vast Country situated in America," containing the matter in his History, with the addition of an account of bis vovagedown the Lower Mpi,, which, according to Jarcd Sparks, is a fabrication copied from Le Clerq's " Nar- rative." Hennepin's descriptions of Indian life are generally accurate ; and he was a cour- ageous and daring explorer. Though he adopted the secular habit among the Dutch, he (Joes not appear to have relinquished his profession, as he eontinued to sign himself missionary recollet and apostolic notary. — iliduind, 'Nouv. Bioq. Ge-.u Henaingsen, Charles Frederic, an En■;li^il author and soldier, of Seandanavian extraction, b. 1815. In 18.34 he entered as a vol. the service of Dun Carlos, the claimant of tl.c Spiinish'tlirone ; soon rose to be capt. of Znmakic;urc;.'ni's body-guard ; and subse- quently, with the r;\nk of lieut.-col., served with the (',11 lists in many engaticmcnts. Af- ter the li.itilu "f Villus de los Navarros, he was made eil., .mil |ilaeril in com. of the cavalry. Taken i.ii>.iiKr. he \\;is released, on parole not tOserveaL-.uniluriii-tlie war. He iie.xt sei ved in the lius.i.iii annv in rircas-ia. (In his re- turn 10 I'.liu' . lie »iMte hi., •■ Kevelalioiis uf Russia" il'.Mis, 184,-.). Il-|ini].oM-d ajilanof campai^'ii to ill,' I .11,:,, :i , ,: . leaders ol Hun- gary, so lii^'lii\ ,.! , : ,,ii he was to be app". militarv an i a i tae fortress of Coinorii, \V1) a : ;, _ >. ,i, over, he vis- ited Iv.--H!'! ,,: K .■ ; ,i: ,i . ,i,ii- I', ill,' U.S.. ,. : •, , .■ Hun^a, • II : . ,■ i : „■ a, .■..,l Gen:_W,,.:. 1' , , ■.,,a:,,, :, ,.. a, a ,„,, i::;.| to (^om. Davis, U.S.N., in .May. I ^57 He m. a niece of the late Senatm Hi 1 1 a ii, anl uas a brig.-.^en. in the (.'.S.A., servin- in Va. His epeci.i.in 111 .Ilia 1- artillery; but he has al.so given ^1 li , a a rii the improvement of small a. -a a II. Img the construction of the fiiM li: ,1 , ver mi.ile .n the US. Aulla.r '.' ■■ 1 .•. .•., M.a.ili,' I'lai mi ai ivali Zunia a, , ; , W , a . I a ,, el; "K.i : I 1 ' a,;, --.a' 1 , 1!. r a novel .'1 Kia- 1 ■ , ■■ r,i-I a' ,1 I'll 'a a- I if Hungary ; " - Analogies and Conti ..sts," and various other works, all pub. in London — Apijleton. Henry, Alexander, traveller, b.N.Rrnns- wick, N. J., 1739 ; d. Montreal, Apr. 4, 1S24. He was in the cxped. of Amherst, and at the reduction of Fort do Levi and tlie surrender of Montreal. He then embarked in the fur- trade, ami followed it 13 years, from Montreal to the lii.ekv Montitains. He pub. " Travels in Canada ami the Indian Territories between 17GO-7G." 8vo, N'.Y., 18U9. Eenry, Ai,e,\\nder, merchant, b. Scot- land, 17GG: d. riiila, Aug. 13, 1847. He came to I'liil.i in ITS'!, and acquired a lar;;e ,1/a,. Henry, (-'.vl,i.l; .Sl'lM'.rta D D el.i-.jvman and auilior, b. Uutlan.l. \1- ,\ia: ', l-in. Dartm. Coll. 182.5. lb- ., at Andover and N. Haven; .,,i i .a 1-. ;l a as settled as a Cong. mini,tei .n (..leaaiiald, .M». ; in 1833 he was settled in HartlurJ, Ct ; in 1834 he pub. a pamphlet on the " Principles and Prospects of the Friends of Peace," tmd established the Aimn-. Advocate of Peace, which, after the first year, became the organ of the Amer. Peace Soc ; in 1835 he look orders in the Pr.-Ep. Church ; was soon after app. prof. of intellectual and moral philos. in Bristol Coll., Pa. ; in 1837 returned to N.Y., and with Dr. Ha-.vks founded the A', 1'. Rn-iew ; in 1839-52 he was prof nf philos. and hist, in the T'. nf NY ; in l«i: la< lin-:,,:,,, raetur of he . _ ,' 1 ,!,,., a 1 - ■. ,1 iriai.ie'd hi.- I Mia.-a.li:,! ai.i, iiiaa.la lis duties, peilurmed lul sniue |an t ul llie t _■ tlie labors of the chancellorship of the university also. In 1857 he removed to Poughkecpsie, and was afterward rector of an Ep. church at Ncwburg on the Hudson, lie pub, in 1845 an '■ Epitome of the Hist, of PlliloMipliy " l,y tlia .Mibe'Ban- dateuf pulilicaiion. lie li.is al-u piili. a trans- latii.ii (if ('ousin's lectures on Locke's "Essay o!i ill • Human Undcrstandmg," with notes and adiliiaiiial pieces, uniler the title of " Cousin's I'svili.ilojv," 1834; ■' Compendium of Chris- tian -v I ,; all ,," 1 -a:. '■ Moral and Philo- SM|a, , ! "I ai i.iii/ot's "General il of Aiiei Uld- pnb. titled dresses, &c. Henry, James, judge, and member Old Con-rcss tiom Va., 1780-2 ; d. Va.. Jan. 1805. Henry, Joii.v, statesman, b. Md. ; d. Eas- ton, Md., Dec. 1793. N.J. Coll. 1769. De- scended lioin Rev. John, a Prcsb. minister of .M 1 , a 1: 1 (1. 1717, leaving two sons, — Robert li . , - ladge of the Prov. Court 1754, resid- I. a >..ai.isct; and Col. John, member of In i .il- of delegates from Worcester Co. Jill I u.is a d, legate to the Old Congress in 1778-SI and 17S4-7, U.S. senator 1789-97, and ;;ov. ol .Mil. in 1797-8. Henry, .lotis, comedian, manager of the Old Aiuer. t:omp. of Comedians, b. Eng. ; d. on the passage from N.Y. to Newport, Oct. 1794. Educated at Trinity Coll., Dublin; served under Bnrgoyne in Portugal ; and was a member of the lamilv of the Dnke of North- umberl.ind «liile lord.-licnt. of lielaial; made his (/cViH/ at DruryLancin 17G2; at the John- street riaatie. .N.Y.. Pea. 7. \'i(,l, as Aimwell in 'la i; 1,1 ,' N ,: _■ 111 : " and was the oriaii !■ 1 I .Vinerica. Author of a, - ^ a dramatic piece, Henry. J'>iin, a iiuluieal adventurer, noted for diviilt;ing a |.rctciided British plot to sepa- rate the NIC States Ir.im the Union early in 1SI2. Iia- wliiell serviae lie Irccived S50,000 man I're, \la laia,- 1, la.iaal; camctoPhila. al. 1 7a ; , ' : r, - /'„/,;. 0'a:ctle; af- taia\ar.l-. laai ,, , , , ,,. ml officer of artil- lery, but linall} .v.tili.l aa a l.irin in Northern Vt., where he resided in lalj. — Ijtssinq. Henry, John, Briti-h admiral, li. Sept. 28, 1731; d. Rolvenden. Kent, Aug. (i, 1829. He entered the service ah. 1744; was a 1st lieut. at the reduction of Havana ; and in Nov. 1777 was made a postcaptain by Lord Howe for his conduct at the capture of Mud c.j-opcr.ii,-,| Willi 1 1 .k-tiu ider Lieut.- Col. Mauli II 1 ill ■ l.-tn niii- a numher of AmcTi.,,,, V ...als ■('lir^ai..'; like, amoM^' whidi V,,.,-.. ■■ 'I'Im • W,i> llii-hai ■' and "i'ho Effinu'., :, and -j; ■ I !,■ 1 guns, Ir .i: :;.,, ; ,1. .i;, , a ;ar Clin, of theu.l.a. ;.ai..,ii ,1 ;,' ^,;,-, , lauaa rtlicll attiickc.l Uy the Fn .;iiell u aider UE ^tain-. He was miulc an aJmi ral in 1 1804. Henry, Joiix Joseph, a TJe\ ,-ol. soldier, b. L.ma"^^:., ■. I' I, \,,v ■( 17a« ; il all 1810. Auihoi-.it •■ An \ ' 'lii^' Ac- count ol lip- Ban. 1 Ul 111 11 i \; Vi'anrss iu the C.iiii p.U 11 .1 -aia: ,i yncLci ; lu 1T7J," pub. L:inca., ,ta-,l'a ,..lsii i. lie wa ,s a. private in Sinitli's 1- iilcmen during that ca lupai'gn, iu which lie w as wounded and miu le prisoner, d Jaw, and On hii rctui- 11 stud d d practice of I'a. Henry, Joseph, LL.D. (H. U. IS5I), phy^cist, b. Albany, N.Y., Dec. 17, 1797.^ He received a common-school education, and for some years was a watehmakcr. In 18-'6 he was app. prof, of mathematics in the Albany Acad.; in 1 827 he bc;,'an a series of experi- ments in cLctriLity; and in 18JS puli. an accuant ol vaiious ni.iditieatMni, of electro- magnetic ])Ower at a di^-ta;. , . i i liat- tery of intensity must ir- ' i : - pinp'ijt the current; and that am; ; i i.y many turns of one Ion;; 1. m ! n a m ments at the Albany .\ signals by means of the elc' :i.i n ; la t iar.ia_ii a wire more than a mile iii I. n-ih- An ac- count of these experiments, and ol Ins electro- magnetic machine, was pub. in .^lilimaii'x Am. Journal of Science in 18^1, in wliirli he pointed out the a, a;:a'H;ilv nfl!,., fa ;- ... .. ;.,,atrd byi'i^ ■ . ■ ' ■ -■■ --- - - '-■■'"- several - ■ . |a ally Ijrouylit into prac- tijal .a a \.. I' ul. "Morse. In 18.3:2 he n!'j.\-mI1. : II, I al, l'''i7 he went to Europe, visilin- l'n,f. Wiiratstone of King's Coll., Lon- don, to whom he explained his discoveries, and his method of producing great mechanical effects at a distance — such as the ringing of church-bells 100 miles off — by means of the electro-magnet. In 1840, on the organization of the Smithsonian Insiitiitlon at Washington, Prof. Henry was app. sec, a po.-t ha still li„ld,, and wlliali ■_!, -, li ■ - \. la.ii ,ii: • lain. He ha. |., .■'..; :a , . Magna;: , ' ;- ' ' . ,■ a . , ■ a ; . . in the /'/: -. //-;,■ .a ; ., ,,, .^ ,.,,:, ,'■, ./■. ,, ;,■■, and the ./ounml oj the FnmlJui I,„!ilnlr. — Appleton. Henry, Patrick, orator anij statesman, b. Studley, Hanover Co., Va., May 29, 1736; d. June 6, 1799. His father. Col. John Henry, a native of Aberdeen, was county surveyor, presiding magistrate, and a man of liberal in. At the age of 10 hi; s father took im schoc il, and ta. .ght h iin at home, e had op ened a gr; iniinar • school. He i some |.i oHiienry il cmatics; but ■ lorhnni ilia-lllld li^ 1 ,alaiiin,i ■k at tha a,. ivdoniinated. ..1 Ins father a III inercan- wlllall lia w.is iiii.Liceessful. be w.i s is; and at t a 1 , 1 I a week! >' study of the law. 1 a. |a A. a. a. For a long : time he had MIS extn emely poor, living nilail •• Parsons ). ill 17u4,hebe- linrgcsses. May, antly hostile to eit those mem- St imp Act, one I 1;. Il I 1 the ex- avy taxes and ^ ill ilia Colony, ensiled, Henry nin and Cajsar . the First, his le Third " — ; the cry was house — •' may -Ihelast by a majority of one. In 1769 ■dm. to the bar of the Gen. Court, jiiry-lriiils, in which his wonderful ■"'''i''"il"'''' '''"I'""u!'V"'EaHy ■ 1 !■: ;. ;!■ •■. ■, [.:■... ,Icffi;r- ' a , I I , ■■ Com- ' ■■ a aa : , D . ... ,,a,o„ of ■ ;' ; ;■■■ ; !■■'•■;,,. i,, y^pt. . 'ill. Con- I -paaker. .ai.liaan a.,,ai:iaa a-aaa|.|icd all ami iia i.ialv lank as tlic greatest America. In March, 1775, at the entioii, he moved the or- ganization of the militia, and that the " Colony be immediately put in a state of defence." Lord Dunmore having clandestinely removed on the night of April 20 all the powder of the Colony, Henry, placing himself at the head of the miiiti.ioflJ.iiiover, marched upon Williams- burg, and olili;;cd the agent of Diininuro to pay for it. In Jnne, llaniv was eleamal col. of the 1st Va. regt., but shJrtly alter rcMgned. A delegate to the convention of May, 1776; he was the first Republican gov. of the State, serving Ironi 1776 to 1779. Returning to the Icuiil., where he served to the end of the war, la \\i, aa.iiii gov. until the autumn of 1786. la I ; - was a member of the convention a. a ; ;,;. il the Federal Constitution, which a HIP I.I with all his eloquence and strength. He feared that the hnal result would be the destruction of the rights of the sovereign States. In 1794 ho retired trom the bar, and removed to his estate of Red Hill in Charlotte. App. by Washington iu 1795 see. of state, he declined the office, as he afterward did that of envoy to France, offered by Ad.»ms, and that Second St, 430 HEN- of gov. in 1796. In March, 1799, he was elected to the State senate, but never took his seat. His Life has been written by William Wirt, and by A. II. Everett in Sparlcs's " American Biography." Henry, Robert, D.D.,LL.D., scholar, b. Charleston, S.C, Dec. 6, 1792; d. Columbia, Feb. 6, 18.')6. U. of Edinb. 1814. He travelled a short time on the Continent, and after his return to his native State ministered to a French congregation of Huguenots in Charles- ton for 2 years. In Nov. 1818 he was app. to the chair of logic and moral philos. in the S.C. Coll. ; subsequently to that of metaphysics and political philos.; and in 1834-5 was pres. ; in 1836 he accepted the chair of metaphysics and belles-lettres ; and in 1840-3 was a second time pres., performing the duties of prof, of Greek during a portion of the time. He wrote for the Southern reviews articles of a high order ; delivered and pub. occasional sermons and eulogies on Prof. E. I). Smith, on Jona- than Miixcv, and on J. ('. Calhoun. Henryi Tuom.is Charlton, D D. (Y.C. 18-24), I'resb. clergyman, b. Phila. Sept. 22, 1790; d. Uct. 4, 1827. Midd. Coll. 1814; Princ. Thcol. Sem. 1818. Son of Alex. Henry. Pres. of the Amer. S. S. Union. Pastor of the Presb. church, Columbia, S.C, from Nov. 1818 until Jan. 1824, when ho became pastor of a cong. in Charleston, S. C. He pub. " Letters to an Anxious Inquirer," 1827; " On Popular Amusements," 1825 ; Moral Etchings, and Occasional Sermons. — Sprtriue. Henry, Gen. Wilma.!!, a lievol. soldier, b. Charlotte Co., Va., 1701 ; d. Christian Co., Ky., Nov. 2:i, 1824. lie entered the army at an early age ; fought at Guilford, the Cowpens, and at Yorktown ] removed to Ky. ; and was engaged in many conflicts with Indians in the border wars of that State. App. maj.- gen. Ky. vols. Aug. 31, 1813; he com. a divi- sion ol 3 brigades in the battle of the Thames, Get. :j, 1813; and ai.-o served in Scott's and Wilkinson's cam|>aigns. He was in the State CoM>t. Convs., also in both branches of the Ky. legisl. Father of .JoiiN I', and Eobeut P., members of Congress 1825-7. Henry, Hon. \Vit.LiAM Alexander, law- yer and statesman, "I .\ova Seutia, b. Halifax, 30 Dec. 1816. rillr.l i,, il,r l.ar in Nov. 1840, and soon aftereh'ii I i" ili'' legisl. assembly. At the election nt l>t7 ilir Inends of a respon- sible govt, were sueees,rul; aiul Mr. Henry has a Q. C. in 1849. He has introduced various reforms in the Court of Cllianeery and Equity ; was solieit a -ts. Married in 1825 to Prof. Honiz, while he was associated with Geo. Bancroft in the inunageinentof a sem- inary at Northampton. They resided for some years at Chapel Hill, N.C. ; whence they re- moved to Covington, Ky., where Mrs. Hentz wrote for a prize of $500 her successful trage- dy of " De Lara." They next resided in Cin- cinnati, but in 1833 established a flourishing female sem. at Florence, Ala., which in 1843 they transferred to Tuscaloosa, Fla.; in 1848 fixed their residence In Columbus, Ga., and in 1852 at Marianna. Besides contrih. to various periodicals, Mrs. H. wrote " Lamorah," a trag- edy ; the " Countess of Wurtemberg," a play ; and many elegant and beautiful prize poems and fugitive pieces. Her prose writings, upon which iicr reputation chiefly depends, place her in the first rank of female writers. In 1846 she pub. " Aunt Pattv's Scrap-Bag ; " in 1848 " The Mob-Cap ; " " Linda," 1850 ; " Uena, or the Snow-Bird," 1851; "Marcus Warland " and " Eoline." 1852 ; " Wild Jack " and " Helen and Arthur," 18,53 ; "The Planter's Northern Bride," 1854 ; " Love after Marria'.rc," " The Banished Son," " The Victim of Excitement," " The Parlor Serpent," and " The Flowers of Elocution," 1856. Her last novel, " Ernest Linwood," appeared in 1855. Prof. N. M. He.ntz, who was a successful teacher nf modern languages, and writer on natural liistory, b. France, d. Nov. 4, 1856, in Marianna, Fla. He was prof of belles-lettres at Chapel Hill, N.C. Pub. " Tadeuskund, the last King of the Le- nape," 12mo, 1825. Hepworth, George Hcohes, Unitarian divine, b. Boston, FVb. 4, 1833. Camb. Theol. School, 1855. Pastor of the church in Nan- tucket from Sept. 1855 to 1857; of the Church of the Unity, Boston, Oct. 1858-70; now pas- tor of the Church of the Messiah, New- York City. Chaplain of the 47th Ms. regt. Dec. 1862; and on the staff of Gen. Banks in La. in 1863. Besides sermons, he has pub. " Whip, Hoe, and Sword," a sketch of his army expe- riences. Herbert, Henry William, scholar, sportsman, and novelist, b. London, April 7, 1807; d. New York, May 17,1858, hr suicide. Son of Hon. and Rev. Wm- llr.-l„.,t: l)r:,n of Manchester, author of the ]iuirii ' Afi i " and second son of the Earl of C,u n it \mii I: ln<:itcd at Eton and Caius Coll., Caiul.i id- ■, i> ww. lie grad. 1828. He came to this ciuiiuiy m 18:K), after experiencing a sudden reverse of fortune, and occupied a country-seat, " The Cedars," near Newark, N. J. Until 1839 he was a teach- er of Greek in the classical school of U. T. Huddart, New York. He commenced with A. D. Patterson, in 1833, the American Monlldy Manazine. His "Brothers, a Tale of the Fronde," a successful historical novel, appeared in 1834; followed by " Cromwell " in 1837; "Marmaduke Wyvil," 1843; "The Roman Traitor," 1848; and " Wager of Battle," 1855. An extensive series of sporting-volumes were pub. by him, under the nam de plume of " Frank Forrester," with the titles of " My Shooting-Box," "The Warwick Woodlands," " Field-Sports of the U.S.," " Frank Forrester and his Friends," 1840, " The Fish and Fish- ing of the U.S.," 1850, " Young Sportsman's Complete Manual." Another series of vol- umes covers many of his historic. il essavs ; as " The Cavaliers of England, or the Times of the Revolutions of 1642 and 1688 ; " " The Knights of England. France, and Scotland ; " " The Chevaliers of France, frotn the Crusad- ers to the Mare'chals of Louis XIV. ;" and " The Captains of the Old World, and the Captains of the Roman Repuhlic." Ho was also the author of a metrical translation of the "Agamemnon" and "Prometheus" of .^s- chylus, and of numerous critical papers in the Lilerary irorU and elsewhere. His latest work was the " Horse and Horsemanship of Amer- ica," 1857. A man of fine talent and accom- plishments, but of dissipated habits. HeriOt, George, postmaster of British N.A. Author of "Descriptive Poem written in the W. Indies," 4to, 1781; " Hist, of Can.ada," 8vo, 1804; "Travels through the Canadas," 4to. 1807. Herkimer, John, jndse, b. Herkimer Co., N.Y., 1773; d. l)anul>e. NY., June 8, 1845. Nephew of Gen. Nicholas H. He was major com. a hatt. of N. Y. vols, in defence of Sackett's Harbor, May 29, 1813 ; manv years judije of the Circuit Court; and M. C. in 1817-19 and 182.3-5. Herkimer, Nicholas, brig.-gen., d. Dan- ube, N.Y., Aug. 16, 1777, a. ah. .50. He was eldest son of J. J. Herkimer, a Palatine, and one of the original patentees of Burnet's Field, Ilcrkiinrr C.:.X.Y. He was made lient. of militii I III "', IT'.- and com. Foit Herkimer duriiiu' < ' • :i' Fre.irliaii.l Indians on the to Mav, 18.-37; hri-.-u'en. Fla. nioiinti'il vols. 18.37-8; disting. un.ier G.ii. Jesiip, ami com, in affair with Fla. Inilians near Mos(|Mito Inlet, Sept. 10, 1837. He resided at St. Augustine. Herndon, William Lewis, a nav.al offi- cer, b. Fredericksburg, Va., Oct. 2.i, 1813; drowned by the sinlcing of steamer " Central Ameiica," Sept. 12, 1857. He entered the na- vy at tlie age of 15; served in tlie Mexican war; and was 3 yc.irs engaged with liis bro.- in-law, Lieut. Maury, in^ the Observatory at Wasliin-ton. In 1851-2 he explored the Ama- z.m Kiv. r u.idrr the direction of the U.S. Govt. A narrative o( the cxped. is contained iu Hern- don's •• Kxploration of ihe Valley of the Hiver Amazon " (1353), and in Part II. of the same work, bv Lieut. Uibl)on, who accompanied him during a partof the journev, 1854. In 1857 he was e.nn. ol the steam-T "Central America," whicl. ; : I 111, in I ('•:■ .\, V.irk, S ;i' >, Sept. Heron, M.\tild.i, artiv Ireland. Came to the U.; came the pupil of P. Iliehii crt Stoepel, from whom she afterwaicl separat- ed. Apr. 1, 1861, she made her debut at the Lyceum Theatre, London, as Rosalie Lee in "New Year's Lve." Camille has been her favoiite \yMt. — Brown's Ainrr. Staije. Herrera, Josib Jo,\quin de,' a Mexican pres. ; d. in the city of Mexico, May 15, 1851. He participated in many of the Uevol. scenes in Mexico. Was elected prov. pres. Dec. 6, 1844, and soon afterward constitutional pres- ident;, lie was in favor of the recognition of Texan indcin ndenen, ami opposed to the war with ta ' I' s , .la 1 i\ 1. i !i i;_'cd by Paredes witli - ' ' r I 1 M xico. Thearray proiiii . ; ,1 ! I 1 he was deposed Ucc.30, l;l ., , i ! I : !.v I'aredes. Her- rera was exr I i . I irv com. until the batlleof Ceni. I, ' ,!.; \i-i i ^,"l847), in which he took pai t 11 :i_im elected pres. (June 3, 184^). Ill 1 mi .i.inr.l to restore or- der in the Hiiiiirr,, Imi wiili mt sncccss. He was succeeded In Aii^ii, .l;iii. 15, 1851. He was a man of liLli |i immmI rliaracter, and was very friendly to the U.S. Herrera, Tokdesillas A\tont, histo- rian, b. Cuellar, Spain, 1549 ; d. Madrid, Mar. 29, 1625. He was first see. to Vespasian de Gonzaga, viceroy of Valencia and of Navarre ; after whoso death Philip II. app. him roy. his- toriographer for the Indies. He was the au- thor of " Ilistoria General tie los Ilechos de los Castellams en los Iskts y Terra Firma de Mar Oceano" 4 vols, folio. This work relates all the transactions of the Spaniards in the W. In- dies from 1492 to 1554. He also pub. a " Gen- eral History of his Time, from 1554 to 1598," 3 vols. fol. At the time of his death, he had obtained from Philip IV. the brevet of the first vacant post of sec. of state. His History, trans- lated bv J. Stevens, was pub. Lond. 6 vols. 1740. Herrick, Edward CLAunins, scholar, b. N. Haven, Ct., Feb. 24, 1811 ; d. there June a good academical cduriiMiii, tlirii in-a-rrl iu book-selling; was hlnai lan nl V,i' fnaii 1,'<13 to 1858, and treasurer In. m Is.VJ until hi- deiuh. Since 1852 he had had charge of the triennial catalogue, supervised the college pro])erty, and licid many important trusts in connection with nuiiiici]pal aff.uis. lie paid great attention to ciitai.H.; .ji, lataiirology, and astronomy. The .1 " I Hcc contains many valuable aia .1 !, II He was learned also iu btlra ..M ihhv I.I 111 history, and general litera- OhU. Rec. MES, port.-painter, 27 years grand sec. of the grand lodge of Masons; d. Paris, France, 8 Oct. 1867. He excelled in his art, and iu his thorough knowledge of masonic laws aud usages. With Longaere, he illustrated Amer. Biography in the "National Portrait Gallery," 1834-9, 4 vol,,. 8vo, Phila. Herron, Gi; ture. — )', Herring, Du iness there; July 16, 1862. in com. at the Dec. 7,lSG2.soo Liir, a, ,\,k .N Hersey, ~l)urg. Pa. ■ engaged I- Govern- helstla. ■k ; raised ic.it.-col. ; 1 wounded t, but was brig.-gen. : himself ivc, Ark., u red Van ^|-,2. He and aftcr- ,a. After . and held Hr. Dal- af in his At his , of l..,.i,pportofa ;u II. U. ; and, Ahner, added o left funds for by his influence, his bro.. Dr. £500 to tlie same fund. He alsi the establishment of an acad at Hingham. Dr. Hersey was eminently humane and benevolent. Heth, Henkt, maj.-gen. C. S. A , b. Va. ab. 1825. West Point, 1847. Entering the 6th Inf., he became 1st lient. in June, 1853; adj. in Nov. 1854; and capt. lOih Inf. 3 March, 1855; he resigned April 25, 1861; entered the service of Va. as a brig.-gen. ; maj.-gen. May 24, 1863 ; com. a division in A. P. Hill's corps in Va. ; engaged at Gettysburg, and in the campaigns of 1864-5; surrendered with Lee. Hatha, Col. William, Revol. officer; d. Richmond, Va., April 15, 1807. Wounded at Quebec, under Montgomery ; made lieut.-coI. 3d Va. regt. April 1, 1777; afterward com. that regt. to the close of the war, serving with Lin- coln at the siege of Charleston. Received after 433 the lucrative office from Washing Hewes, George Rodebt Twelve, one of the Boston Tea Partv, b. Boston, Sept. 5, 1742 ; d. Richfield, Otsego Co., N.Y , Nov. o, 1840. His education was scanty; farming, fishing, and shoemaking being his chief em- plovnients. He was excitable and patriotic; took part in the various ante-revolutionary disturbances in Boston ; and engaged in the naval, and afterwards in the military service of his country during the Revolution. "Traits of the Tea Party," with a Memoir of Hewes, was pub. N.Y. 1835. Hewes, Joseph, signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Kingston, N.J., 17.30; d. Phila. Nov. 10, 1779. Of Quaker parentage. He was educated at N.J. Coll. ; engaged in mercantile business in Phila., and ab. 1760 in Edenton, N.C. Having been a member of the colonial legisl. in 17G3, he was in 1774 sent as a dele- gate to Congress. He was soon app. on a com. to " state the rights of the Colonies ; " aided in the preparation of its report ; and, though a merchant, entered heartily into ilie plan of non-importation. Mr. Hewes served with reputation on many of the most im- portant committees during 1775-6. He was at the head of the naval committee, and in effect the first see. of the U.S. navy; declined a re-election in 1777 ; resumed his scat in July, 1779; but,- his health failing rapidly, he re- signed Oct. 29. Hewit, Nathaxiel, D.D. (Amh. Coll. 1830), Cong, clergyman and author, b. N. Lond., Ct., 28 Aug.'l788; d. Bridgeport, Ct., 3 Feb. 1867. Y.C. 1808. Teadier in the Plainfield Acad. ; licensed to preach 24 Sept. 1811 ; pastor at Plattsburg, N.Y., 1815-17: of the First Cong. Ch., Fairfield, Ct., 1318-27; was engaged the next 3 years in the temper- ance reform, earning the title of " the Luther " of the early temperance reformation ; pnstor 2d Cong. Ch., Bridgeport, O , ! "■li-S? ; rm ■ of the founders in 1833 of ili • !' • •: | - , - 1. Institute; pastor of the i > I -- i ,, h, Bridgeport, 1853-62. — Y.i " . /, . w, Hewitt, Alexander, DIJ., |.ul.. an His- torical Account of S. C. and Cia.," 2 vols., Lond. 1779; Sermons, Lond. 1803-5, 2 vols. 8vo. Hexpitt (Stebbins), Mart Elizabeth, anthoress, b. Maiden, Ms. Her father, a farm- er named Moore, died when she was hut 3 years old. Her mother removed with her to Boston, where Mary was m. to Jas. L. Hewitt, and established her residence in N.Y. In 1854 she m. R. Srebbins of N.Y. She is chiefly known by her poetry, which has appeared in various periodicals, a'nd in a collection entitled "Songs of Our Land," 1845. In 1850 she edited " The Gem of the Western World " and the "Memorial," the hitter a tribute to her friend Mrs. Frances S. Osgood. Also author of " The n.Toines of History," 1856. Hewson, Thomas Tickell, M.D., an eminent phvsician, b. Lond. Apr. 9, 1773 ; d. Phila. Feb. 17, 1848. Phila. Coll. 1789. His father. Dr. William Hewson, d. when he was a year old ; and in 1786 he came with his mother to Phila. He studied medicine there, and as house-surgeon at St. Bartholomew's, Lond., also in Edinburgh ; returned to Phila. in July, 1796; began practice; was physician to the Walnut-st. Prison from 1806 to 1818; rendered valuable service during a malignant epidemic in 1817-18; became prof of comp. anatomy in the U. of Pa. in Dec. 1816; was its sec. and censor from 1802 to 1835 ; and pres. from July, 1835, to his death. Many years a surgeon in the Phila. Almshouse; physician to the Orphan Asylum 1817-1837; surgeon of the Pa. Hospital 181S-35; and took a principal part in !.■ ! rmi , n :ind revision of the nat. phaiiiii " I I' I ^L'2 he established a pri- vate iiM . , ; I uliich he taught anatomy and tijr I'T ; : I . .. ^ , . .il years. He was a mem- ber or officer of many medical and philos. societies. He transl. Swediaur's " Treatise on Syphilis," Phila., 8vo,1815. — Sec Obit. Notice, by F. Dache, Phila., 8vo, 1850. _ Hiacoomes, the first Indian convert to Christianity in N.E. ; d. ab. 1C90, a. 80. He was at Martha's Vineyard when first settled by the whites in 1642, and was converted by "Thomas Mayhew. He learned to read, and in 1645 began to preach to his countrymen with success. Aug. 22, 1670, an Indian church was formed there ; and Hiacoomes and Tackanash were ord, pastor and teacher by Eliot and Cotton. He was faithful and successful, and was courageous in reprehending the Indians for worshipping their false gods and adhering to their powwows. Hibbard, Freeborx Garretson, clergy- man and author, b. New Roehelle, N.Y., Feb. 22, 1811. At the age of 18 he entered the ministry of the M.E. church, in which he has held several important stations ; and at a gen. conf was chosen editor of the Northern Cliris- tian Advocate. Author of " Baptism, its Import, Mode, Efficacy, and Relative Order ; " " Ge- ography and History of Palestine ; " and the "Psalms Chronologically arranged, with Hi.-t. Introductions, and a Gen. Introd.," 8vo, 1856. HickokjLADRExs Perseds, D.D.,LL.D., metaphysician, b. Danhury, Ct., Dee. 2i, 1798. Un. Coll. 1820. He studied theology; was li- censed to preach in 1822; and was pastor suc- cessively at Newtown and Litchfield. Prof, of theol. in the W. Reserve Coll., O., 1836-44. In 1844 he became prof in the Auburn Theol. Sem.; and in 1852 removed to Schenectady, N.Y., as prof of mental and moral science; also viee-pres. of Un. Coll.; and pres. since Mar. 5, ISHC. Besides occasional sermons, ad- dress.,! 1 .!•:',; t'l religious periodicals, he has|Mi'. i; r -rhology," 1848; "Mor- al ^^i 1 I, I II pirical Psychology, or the llinii.i;i Ml, I ,1- i.iven in Consciousness," 1854; ana ■Rational Cosmology," 1858. Hiekox, John Hovtard, b. Albany, N.Y., 1832. Assist, lib. N.Y. State Library. 'Author of " Hist. Acct. of American Coinage," 8vo, I85S. Hicks, Elias, a disting. Quaker preacher, b. Hempstead, L.T., Mar. 19, 1748; d. Jeri- cho, L.I., Feb. 27, 1830. He early evinced un- usual ability for public speaking; at the age of 27 was a formally-recognized preacher ; soon became a leader, and was eminently successful. After many years' preaching, and study of the mc 434 Scriptures, he created a schism in the body, which resulted finally in a permanent separa- tion. The seceders, takin;^ the name of tlieir leader, were denominated Hicksites. Friend Hicks travelled extensively to advance his views, preachinn; wherever "he went with great eloquence. He preserved his intellectual vigor till late in life, visiting, when 80 years of a^'e, N. J., Pa., Md., Ohio, Ind., and the northern and western part of N.Y. Author of "Elias Hicks's Journal of his Life and Labors," Phila. 1828; "Sermons," 1828; "Observations on Slavery," 8vo, N.Y., 1811 ; " Doctrinal Epis- tle," written in 1820, pub. 8vo, 1824; and "Letters " on bis doctrines, r2mo, 1824. Hicks, Thomas, painter, b. Newtown, Bucks < 'o,. Pi , ' ><-r I '*, I '^i'! A descendant of the ],.-■,, :.,,, II,. .., ,. -hi i.r.laQuaker. In 1838. :. , :. , : in the Pa. Acad. ofFiui .\i,., ,, !.il'<' and Antique School, ollU. N.,,.\,,i: \- V,, o «■!.,-,<.. ,.x. hibition in 1S4I hr . .iii' ■ , ; : ; ! '■ I'll- Death of Abel." r^i .1 r : -> 4 portraits and rnrn|".-i:i - i ' " ! ■ the :nr'ii ,n ,.| : . iTi i |. ■. ■ i, ,1 -:•■.,,!■ WOlk.. ,> ,, , 1 .■ ■,._:, , I I ,, I the Ml, --.liU -I..III-, .-. li:- i.i- .i.-.ii - I - Carnnai, lie »as slabbed ui ll.e l.iu k u.tiiu Stiletto while crossing the Piazza Colonna, and lay for many weeks in a critical condition. In June, 1848, he went to Paris ; studied under Couture ab. a year ; and, after a brief residence in Eng., settled in N.Y. City. He has since devoted himself principally to portrait-painting, but has occasionally produced landscapes and figure-pieces. Among his portraits is that of " Dr. Kane in the Cabin of ' The Advance,' " and a large picture of" The Contemporaneous Authors of America," in which the figures are of life-size. He pub. a Eulogy on Thos. Craw- foi;d^ 1865. t^y Va, Thchas Hollydat, statesman, DorchesterCo.,MJ.,Sept.2,179S; d. Washing ton, Feb. 13, 1865. He worked on his father's farm, and received a plain education ; was member of the Const. Conv. of 1849 ; served often in the State legisl. ; gov. 1858-62 ; and was elected U.S. senator on the death of J. A. Pearce, and re-elected for the term ending in 1867. His firmness and patriotism helped to save Md. to the Union. When the 6th Ms. regt. was attacked. Gov. Hicks issued a procla- mation, declaring that all his authority would be exercised in favor of the govt. Hicks, Whitehead, lawver, b. Flushing, L.I., Aug. 24, 1728 ; d. there Oct. 1780. Son of Thomas and Margaret. Studied law in the office of Hon. Wm. Smith ; adm. to the bar Oct. 22, 1750, and became one of the first in the prof. ; clerk of Queen's Co. Mar. 12, 1752- Feb.28, 1757 ; mayor of N.Y. City, Oct. 1766- Feb. 14, 1776 ; and from that time to his death a judge of the N.Y. Supreme Court. — O'Cal- laghan. Hidalgo y Costilla (hldal'-go e kos-tel- ya), Don Miguel, a Spanish priest, the first leader in the Mexican war of independence, b. S. America in the latter part of the 18th cen- tury; shot at Chihuahua, Mex., 27 July, 1811. la "l809 he held a valuable benefice at Dolores in Guanaxonto, and was superior in talent and educaiion to the cler-v in i;rii,ial in N'.nv Spain. He is said to have nitioihi, r,| il,,. >ilk-worm, and to have promoted i ircHiihnir in Mexico, contrary to the Spanish system of discouraging all mannfaetures or agriculture which could interfere with the revenue. He possessed great influence with the Indians, whom he had en- deavored to educate, and, having formed a plan for a gen. insurrection, produced by his elo- quent exhortations a general revolt against the Spanish Govt. Joined by Allende with a few Spanish soldiers, 10 Sept. 1810, on the 29tb they took Gu.ina.xoato ; and, entering Vallado- lid Oct. 20, Hidalgo was proclaimed generalis- simo of the Mexican army. He advanced upon the city of M'^xico with a lar^'C force ; and Vil- legas, the S|i:ini.h vii-.-rcy, hnin- Imt a hand- ful of troo|is, li:ii| rri-iiiiiM.- til till' pi.wrrful aid of superstitiuii, and pnirniCil Inim the arch- l.ishnn a srnience uf exeommunicaliun a-ainst l[: ! I'M and his adherents. The .iwe thus in- -iiii I I'-rtlier with the lack of ammnniiion, I' ' I- '!!■ il a retreat, Nov. 7 he was attacked II i ; I iii-d at Aculco by Calleja, who fol- n to Guanaxoato, which he took, J -reat slaughter on the insurgents, a I III, I 7, 1811, totally defeated him at the lii nl'jr I.I Calderon. Becnnn' a fn^itivi^, he was taken priMuicr liv Biistanicnti-, unr ..f his i.wn offirers, Mar. 21 ;' was ilr^inulnl Innn .In' piarst- the belief that "the knell of the Spanish rule had been sounded." The people after his death regarded him as a saint. Higginson, Francis, divine, b. Eng. 1 588 ; d. Salem, Aug. 6, 1630. He received his deg. from St. John's Coll. Cambridge, and settled at Leicester, where he soon acquired a high reputation for pulpit eloquence ; but he subse- quently became a Puritan. He refused offers of many excellent livings on account of his b. opinions, and gained a support by teaching gan to form a plantatii 'i tlieiv in 1 623, they engaged Mr. Higginsi,,, tn LI. Ill ili'iandpros- ccutchis labors. A|i|ir. H'lnlini; 1 -iinimons to appear before tlie Hi;;li ii.n Court, he proinpllvarqilii-scril, am .Illll.-L",! 1 (',29, arrived ' ii],iin tl 1 prrlormance of ln,il,ilii-. (.Inly -JU) . III the cong. estal.li-.lirii thrrc. In tlicsurririlin;,'year, in the general sickness which ravaged the Colony, he was attacked by a hectic fever, of which he ul- timately died. He wrote an account of New En-, entitled " A Sliort and True Description ot III I I - inii.i,;!,,- anil ("' ,|„ „li nos of the (',.,., , I ,, , , I I ,,,,■ I , I . ..iis. of the III-' --, ■ ,,i '■,! , I.. : III ! his voy- aw,,, ,,1 lii.-h 1- |,|, -,,| v,,,| III II, r., inn. nil's collec- tion of iiap.-rs. — S„: M. m. bi/ /!,i: ./. B. Felt in Geneal. Reg., vi. 105. Higginson, John, minister of Salem, Ms., b. Claybrook, Eng., Aug. 6, 1516 ; d. Sa- lem, Dec. 9, 1708. He came over with his father. Rev. Francis ; after whose death be be- came a teacher at Hartford, by which means he was able to assist his mother in the maintenance of her six children. He was employed by the magistrates and ministers of the Ms. Col. to take down in short-hand the proceedings of 435 the synod of 1637. In this he was assisted by Giles Firmin. The record of these proceed- ings has never been printed; but the MS. is known to have been in existence in 1743 (see Hist. Maf. 2d ser. vol. iii. p. 26). He was afterwards chaplain of the fort at Saybrook ; in 1641 went to Guilford as assist, to Rev. Henry Whitfield, whose dan. hem.; and in 1643 was one of the " seven pillars " of the church there. In 1659 he sailed with his fimily for Eng., but, having put into .Salem harbor on ac- count of the weather, became pastor of the church which his lath.T had ],lantcd ; was ord. in Aug. 1660, ami continned there till his d. He was a zealous 0|]pouent of the Qii.ikers, althou-h he siib»equeiitly ivgrettcd the warmth of bis zeal ; bu the took no part in the witch- craft delusion in 1692, and was a very popular prta.her. He preached the Election Sermon 166!. lie pub. other occasional discourses, al.^o the attestation to the " Magnalia Ameri- cana," with a narrative of the Mathers, and " Testiuionv to the Order of the Gospel in the Churches of N.E.," &e. Higginson, Stephen, merchant, h. Salem, Nov. as, 1743; d. Bo.ston, Nov. 22, 1828. De- scended from Rev. Francis. He was bred to mercantile pursuits; and from 1765 to 1775 was all :i ■;. ,ri 1 -meessful shipmaster. On a\i-it : I. i; : ,: I in 1774-5 be was called toth : i! I r of Commons, and qnes- tiou^.l .1- I., ih. M II.' .if feeling in Ms. Mem- ber C'oiit. L'lHig. 178:2-3; « firm supporter of Washington and Adams; was navy agent for Ms. in 1797-1801 ; was one of Gov. Bowdoin's most active and resolute advisers in the sup- pression of Sliays's Rebellion ; and was lieut.- col. of the regt. sent from Boston at that time. One of the most successful of the merchants of Boston for nearly a third of a century. In the war of 1812 he"suffered disasters, and lost a large portion of his ample fortune. He m. Susan, dau. of Aaron and Susanna (Porter) Cleveland. The remarkable essays of " Laco," attacking.', John Hancock, were generally attrih- nted to him. Ho wrote also a pamphlet "entitled " An Examination of Jay's Treaty, bv Cato " (Boston, 1795). Stephen, son of the preced- ing, b. Nov. 20, 1770, d. Feb. 20, 1834. A Boston merchant and philanthropist; steward of H.U. 1818-34. Habitually spoken of as the " Man of Ross" of his day, from his profuse chai ities. He was twice m. ; first to Martha .Salisbury, and, after her death, to Louisa, dau. of Capt. Thomas Storrowof the British armv. Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, au- thor, son ol the preceding, b. Cambridge, Ms., Dec. 22, 1823. H. U. 1841. Harv. Theol. School, 1847. Minister 1st Cong. Church, New- biiryport, 1847-50, and of a free church at Worcester in 1852-8. He took an active part in the antislavery agitation of this pej-iod ; was wounded in the Anthony Burns affair; and was indicted with Parker, Phillips, and others, but was discharged, from a flaw in the indict- ment. He aided in the organization of parties of free State emigrants to Kansas in 1856; was a brig.-gen.on "Jim" Lane's stafl^ in the free State forces, and was cognizant of Capt. John Brown's movements. He has long been a leading contrib. to the Atlantic Monthly, and has pub. "Out door Papers," 1 863; " Malbone, an Oldport Romance," 1869; "Army-Life in a Black Regiment," 1870 ; and has edited Harvard Memorial Bio'jraphieSy 2 vols. 8vo ; a new translation of Epictetus, 1865. He has contrib. to the A'. Y. Independent, N. Y. Trib- une, Boston Woman's Journal, anA Macmillan's Mag., London. A French translation of his essay on the " Greek Goddesses " appeared in the Paris Rgime Britannii/ue, Oct. 1869. In the slaveholder's rebellion, he was col. of the first S.C. Vols., — the first regt. of slaves en- listed in the U.S. service, except those raised by Gen. Butler at New Orleans. He took and held the town of Jacksonville, Fla ; was sub- sequently wounded in an engagement on the Edisto River, and compelled to rcM-n fnuii iii~- ahility in Oct. 1864. He has s,i„v i, -i,|, ,| at Newport, R. L, engaged in In imiv |,ni.i,its. In 1847 he m. his second cuusm Mai v. .I.iu. of Walter Clianning, M.D., and niece of the celebrated divine. Hildreth, Ezekiel, teacher and author, b. Westtuni, Ms., July 18, 1784 ; d. Wheeling, Va., Mar. 15, 1856. H.U. 1814. He was 42 years a teacher in Ohio, Va., Tenn., and Ky. He pub. a gr.ammatical work, " Logopolis, or City of Woi-ds," a " Key to Knowledge," an " Essay on the Mortality of the Soul," and an " Address on Education," delivered before an Educational Conv. in Clarksburg, Va., in 1836. Hildreth, Richard, author and journal- ist, b. Deerfield, Ms., June 28, 1807 ; d. Flor- ence, July 11, 1865. H.U. 1826. His father, Hosea, was a Cong, clergyman. While study- ing law in Newburyport, "he contrib. to maga- zines in Boston, where he practised until he began in 1832 to edit the Boston Atlas. In 1834-5 Mr. Hildreth resided on a plantation in the South. Here he wrote his antislavery novel " Archy Moore," repub. and favorably received in Eng. In 1852 an enlarged edition appeared under the title of" The White Slave." In 1836 be translated, from the French of Dn- mont, Benthani's " Theory of Legislation," 1840. His next work was " A History of Banks." After passing the winter of 18'37-8 in Washington as corresp. of the Atlas, Mr. H. resumed his editorial post, advocated Har- rison's election to the presidency, and wrote a pamphlet biography of his candidate. Aban- doning journalism, he pub. in 1840, with the title of " Despotism in America," a vol. on slavery, to which, in the edition of 1854, was appended a chapter on " The Legal Basis of Slavery." He resided in Demarara, British Guiana, in 1840-3 ; and as the editor succes- sively of two newspapers in Georgetown, the capital of the country, ho earnestly advocated the system of free "labor. His " Theorv of Morals," Boston, 1844, and his "Theory of Pol- itics, "N. Y. 1853, were written in Guiana. Mr. Hiklreth's principal work is his " History of the U.S.," 6 vols. 8vo, N.Y., 1849-56. He pub. "Japan as it Was and Is," 1855. He was a liberal i . to various newspapers and periodicals, and to cyclopoedias and Works of a similar character. For several years Mr. H. was one of the editors of the N. Y Tribune. Among other controversial pamphlets from mx. 436 his pen is a Letter to Prof. Andrews Norton of Cambridge on " Miracles." In 18.56 he com- piled from Lord Campbell's work " Lives of Atrocious Jiidtjes." U.S. consul at Trieste from 1861 till compelled by ill health to relin- quish the post. — Appleton. Hildreth, Samuel Pkescott, M. D. (1805), historian and phvsirist, l>. Mutluien, Ms., Sept 30, 17S3; d. .\l,Mi iM, n ,|„iv 2i, 1863. Descended from i; uiul-e," whod. Chelmsford, Ms., Ill- i . !i : ..uicd on a farm; received an ;p li ■ in. an.,,; and studied medicine nitii Dr. KiiimilLre of Andover. He bcfjan practice iu N.II., butemig. to Ohio in 1806; located himself first at P.elpre', and finally, in 1808, at Marietta, where he was a successful practitioner. He was iu the legisl. in 1810-11; was near 40 years a contrib. to Sillima7i's jountal, on meteorology, geology, and paleontology; and was in 1837 a member of the geological survey. His " History of the Diseases and Climate of South-eastern Ohio" was pub. in 1837 by the Cleveland Medical Society, of which he was pres. He pub. in the Hesperian, at Cincinnati, " A History of the Settlement of Belleville, Western Va.]" in 1837; in 1848, " Pioneer History ;"" Lives of the Early Settlers of Ohio," 1852; and con- tribs. to the Early Hist, of the N. VVest, r2mo, 1864. His valuable scientific library, and cabi- nets of natural history and conchologv, he gave to Marietta Coll. He eontrib. much' valuable biog. matter to the xV. E. H. and Gen. Rerj. — See Grneal. Reg., xviii. 100. Hill, Ambrose Powell, lient.-gen. C.S.A., b. Culpeper Co., Va., 1824 ; killed iu the as- sault on Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1805. West Point, 1847. His father was for many years a leading politician and merchant iu Culpeper Co. Entering the 1st Art., he became 1st lieut. Sept. 1851 ; resigned March 1, 1861. Engaged during the Mexican war at Hua- mantla, 9 Oct., and Atlixco, 12 Oct., 1847 ; and in Fla. against the Seminoles in 1849-50. From Nov. 1855 until his resignation, he had assisted in the U.S. coast survey. Made col. 13th Va. Vols., and attached to Johnston's army, he participated in the liartje of MMv\-isas. At the battle of Williamsi.ir ,, M -• , 1 -'.-', he was a brig.-gen.; distiiij l.ni.i, I was made a maj.-gcn. He wa~ ]H..iiiiih m m ihe 7-days' battles before Ricliujoiul, ami t;.iiiied a brilliant reputation for bravery, and skill in the handling of his troops. He was active in the succeeding campaign against Gen. Pope ; captured Harper's Ferry, Sept. 14, 1862; and, making a forced march, arrived at Antietam in season to take part in that severe battle. At the battle of Fredericksburg his division formed the right of Jack^n,', f, r -, i' ("han- cellorsville the centre, an 1 !■ in that flank movement which CI II !M ■ n^ht. The death of Stonewall .hn 1.. II ^nn lii:i the com., and he was soon niter se\crrjy ^vtuiuded, and for gallantry in this battle was promoted to lieut. -gen. (May 20, 1863), and placed at the head of one of the 3 corps of the Army of Va. He led his corps at Gettysburg; and in the aflfair at Bristow Station was repulsed with severe loss. In the great battles of the spring of 1864, next to Gen. Lee, he was the most (MaiTh 23-A|,nl - latigablc in his e.\cri attack. In the stni, ,e works in front u i.itly killed by a rifle ! 22, his corps, ttempt on the attack on the MS active and irprl ,|,cFed- ilii' I'o-scssion luiiL.', he was Hill, Gen. Daniel Harvey, b. S.C. ab. • ^( . 24.^ West Point, 1842. Entering the art.,/^ (t^Onttl March brev. ./r ( he becami capt. for g: busco, and majur for ( h;i[,iilii'i ; resigned' , ,- Feb. 28, 1849 : was ]in.r. d maili- tics sue- / «' * cessively in Wash, ('nil , la Miiji.n, \'a., and Dav.ColL.N.C; and m i . - i, , ;a i^iincipal of the Milit. Inst, at ( 1: I .( Chosen May 8, 1801, col. 1st N i > ' ' mn. at ■ Great Bethel; remain-1 immI r Mi^mdcrat Yorktown ; took part in the battles of the Peninsular campaign ; and led the attack on Gen. Casey at Fair Oaks. He afterward com. the de|it. of the Appomattox, having his head- quarters at Petersburg, Va., and held the rank of maj.-gen. ; com. a division at Fredericks- burg and Chancellorsville ; attacked Fort An- derson, opposite Newbern, N.C., 14 Mar. 1863, anil was repulsed; and com. at Augusta, S.C, in Feb. 1865. He has pub. " Elements of Al- gebra," a vol. on " The Sermon on the Mount," and one entitled " The Crucifixion of Christ." He was a bro.-in-law of Gen. T. J. Jackson, having m. a Miss Morrison of N.C. Hill, George, poet, b. Guilford, Ct., 29 , Jan. 1796. Y.C. 1810. Son of Judge Henry, ot- 'v.' He was first employed in the U.S. land office at Washington, and entered the navy iu 1827 as a teacher of math., in which capacity he made a cruise in the Mediterranean. On his return he became librarian of the state dept. at Washington; in 1839 was app. U.S. consul for the southern portion of Asia Minor, which he was soon obliged by ill health to decline. Returning to Washington, he became a clerk in the dept. of state, resigning in 1855. He jiub. anonymously, in 18.'!l, "The Ruins of Athens," with a few s!„,rt |v>rMis. r.-printed with his name in 18.'i'.i / !''.'^qfCt. Hill, George 11. i ■) i! I Ij i l.. Bos- ton, 1799; d. Saratov, I, .. i . .-. , , _7, 1849. He first recited YankcL- ^i.mv, ,ii ilx Warren Theatre, Boston ; and afterward jjlaycd in Yan- kee characters at the Park, N.Y., at the Lond. . Adelphi in 1838, and in many other theatres with success. — Brown's Amer. Stage. Hill, Isaac, politician and journ.ilist of N.H., b. Cambridge, Ms., April 0, 1788; d. Washington, D.C., Mar. 22, 1851. His parents removed to Ashburnhain, Ms. At the age of 14 he was apprenticed to the pub. of the Am- herst Cabinet. In 1809 he went to Concord, purchased the Anier. Patriot, changed its name to the N.Ii. Patriot, and made it the organ of the Repnb. party ; and its columns were supported by contribs. from the ablest men of the party, giving it for 20 years an immense influence. In 1828, after filling several posts in the State legisl., he was an unsuccessful candidate for the U.S. senate. In 1829 he was second cornpt. of the treasury; U.S. senator 1830-6; gov. :s, \q 1836-9; U.S. sub. treas. at Boston 1840-1. In 1840, in connection witii liis two oldest sons, lie established UiU's N.H. Patriot, which they nub. and edited until 1847. He also pub. the turner's Monthiy Visitor for the last fitteen years of his life. His biog., speeches, and misc. writings, were pub. Concord, 1835. Hill, Thomas, U.D., LL.D. (Y.C. 1863), clergyman and mathematician, b. New Bruns- wick," N.J., Jan. 7, 1818. H.U. 1843. His father, a tanner by trade, was for many years judge of the Superior Court of Common tleas. Both of his parents were English. Left, an orphan at the age of 10 ; at 12 he was apprenticed to a printer; at 17, after a year's attendance ar. si-1 1, cute-red an apothecary's shop, and ^r,^, I 111 ir :;' vms. He studied'at theCamlnil, ,' , ■- .i.>,il till 1845, when ho was scttli ; . W .. i .i Ue is a Unitarian. In 1859 he M.c.L^.icU il.;r.n:e Mann in the presidency of Autiuch Coll., Yellow Springs, Ohio; and in 1862-8 was pres. of H.U. Has been a frequent contrib. to the periodical f(ir 1 ,, ■ ' ' / ■ , /, , . Mt/ifazine, I'll ■ W - . '. .1 ,,■ . i Atlantic AJii,i-„<;j. .U..I |.,.ii. -i.i.iM.i,,, „ I ail ^.s and ad- dressee, and papcia HI " riie i'loceedings of the American Association fur the Advance- ment of Seieni-e." lie has also written most of the m.itliem.itieal articles lor the New Amcr. Cyclopiedia, an " Elenieniarv Treatise on Aritli.netic," " Geometry and Faith," and " Fir.st Lessons in Gcumetry." It is, however, in his investigations in curves that he has d,is- played the greatest originality and fertility. — Applelon. Hill, Thomas, landscape-painter, b. Eng. While very youtig, his parents settled in Taunton, Ms. Occupied many years as a carriage-painter and as a decorator of cottage made a jjartner in a Cin ii^i im IiMn-e in IMii:).. iiMvhieliherem.iined Ij , , , i i -, :.: ' • , ISOO c.stal.iished h..ii - ' - self to landscaii. s\mM, ■■' , ■- Alter May, 18G8, e-i.iiili-lr I !: .:, I ': l;--i.)'ii, and now (1871) his a si.pin ;i! Cm .I.e. He is well known by liis C'alifornia scenery. His masterpieee is a view of the Yoseniite Valley. While in Cal. he painted the Trial-Scene from '■ Tlie Merchant of Venice." Hill, WiiiTMELL, b. Bertie Co., N.C., Feb. 12, 1743; d. Hills Ferry, Martin Co., N.C., Sept. 26, 1797. U. of Pa. He was a delegate to the congresses at Hillsborough and Halifax, 1775-6; was lieut.col. of the Coventry militia, and delegate to the Cont. Congress in 1778- 81. Previous to 1785 he was frequently in the hou^e or senate of N.C. Hillard, Geokge Stillman, LL.D. (Trin. 1857), lawver, orator, and man of letters, b. Machias Me., 22 Sept. 1808. H.U. 1828. His mother was a dau. of Gen. Stillman. He was associated with George Bancroft in the Round Hill Sem. at Northampton, Ms. ; was adm. to the Boston bar in 1833, and acquired an extensive practice ; was a member of the common council of Boston in 1845-7, and six months its pres. ; member of the State legisl. ; State senator 1849-50; city solicitor in 1854- 6 ; U.S. dist. atty. for Ms. 1867-70. In 18.33 he conducted, wiih George Ripley, a weekly Unitarian paper, the Christ. Register. In 1839 he edited Spencer's works in 5 vols. 8vo, estab- lishing his reputation as a scholar; in 1840 he pub. a translation of Guizot's Essay on Wash- ington ; in 1843 he was the Phi Beta Kappa orator at Cambridge; in 1846 he delivered and pub. a lecture on the Connection between Geography and History, unfolding Institute on John Milton; in 1852 he delivered the Eulogy on Daniel Webster before the city authorities of Boston ; and in 1853 edited the Webster "Memorial;" in 1856 he edited a selection from the works of Walter Savage Landor. He visited Europe, and in 18.53 pub. his " Six Months in Italy," 2 vols. 12nio. He was some time an associate editor of the Jurist, and for several years a principal editor of the Boston Courier. He is also the author of " Life and Campaigns of George B. McClel- lan,". 1865, and of an excellent series of school- readers now in general use. Besides the above, he has contrib. a Memoir of Capt. John Smith to Sparks's Amcr. Biog. ; articles on Everett and Choate to the " New Araer. Cycloptedia; " and upon various subjects to the Christ. Exam- imr, .V. Amnl.an lieoir.w, &.C. Hillegas, .Michael, 1st U.S. treas.; d. I'hila. -M 8ept. 1804, a. 76. Hillhouse, James, LL.D. (Y.C. 1823), lawver and senator, h. Montville, Ct., Oct. 21, 1754 ; d.N. Haven, Dec. 29,1832. Y.C. 1773. William, his father (member of the council of safety during the Revol., 50 years in the State legisl., 40 years judge C.C.P., member Cont. Congress 1783-6), d. Jan. 12, 1816, a. 87. A bro., James Abraham, a disting lawyer of N. n.>. n,.I.July,1822,a.87. Y.C. 1749. James I I ed law; took an active part in the Revol. I ■ ; and, when N. Haven was invaded 1 V I 111 IJritish under Tryon, was com. of the guv.'s guards: M.C. 1791-4; U.S. senator 1794-1810, and pres. /^o tcm. in 1800; com- miss. of the school fund from 1810 to 1825, when he undertook to conduct the construction of the Farmington and Hampshire Canal. Treas. of Yale Coll. from 1782 till his death ; member of the Hartford Conv. He m. a dan. of Col. Melancthon Woolsey. He pub. a num- ber of speeches. Hillhouse, James Abraham, poet, b. N. Haven, Sept. 26, 1789 ; d. there Jan. 4, 1841. Y.C. 1808. Son of the preceding. He devoted several years to mercantile pursuits in N.Y., which led him to visit Europe in 1819. He m. in 1822, and retired to the bcantilul rural spot called Sachem's Wood, where he was born, making literature rather an amusement than an occupation. He united vigor of thought to a brilliant fancy, an exquisite taste, and a cor- rect and elegant diction. Some of his prin- cipal poems are "Percy's Marque," first pub. u ^ f in 1820; "Hadad," 1825;^and "The Judg- i&o^ ment," delive>ed before the Phi Beta Kappa i^J- Socicty at New Haven, 1812. His literary ^'^ • ' 438 HJN produLtibns were collected by himself, and pub. in 1839 in two vols. 12mo, under the title of ''Dramas, Discourses, and other Pieces." Hilliard, D'Acberteuil, publicist, b. Paris ab. 1740 ; d. ab. 1789. After exercising for ten years the profession of an advocate at St. Domingo, he returned to Paris, where lie pub. " Considerations sur I'Etal Present de St. Domingue," 1776, 2 vols. 8vo, suppressed by a decreeof council in 1777. In 1777-8 he visited the mother-country. His " Essais Llistoriques et Politiqites sur ifs Anglo- Am^ricains " appeared in 1782, 2 vols. 8vo, Bru.xelles, and was con- tinued under the title of " Essais llistoriques el Poliliques sur les Rgoolutions de I 'Amirique Sep- teiUrionale," 3 vols. 8vo, 1783. Imprisoned in 1784 in consequence of his first publication, he soon recovered his liberty, and in 1789 re- turned to the Colonies, where some have sup- posed he was assassinated. — Bioq. Uniu. Suppt. Hilliard, Francis, b. Canibrid-e, Ms., ab. 18U8. 11. U. 1823. Son of William, book- seller of Boston. Judge of Ruxbury Police Court ; conimiss. and judge of insolv. for Norf. Co. ; author of " Digest of Pickering's Re- ports ; " " Sales of Personal Property," 8vo, 1841 ; " Amer. Law of Real Property," 2 vols. 8vo, 1855; "Amer. Jurisprudence," 8vo, 1848; "Law of Vendors and Purchasers," 2 vols. 8vo, 1858 ; " Treatise on Torts," 2 vols. ; "Remedy for Torts; ""New Trials," 18B6; "Law of Injunctions ; " Hilliard "on Mort- gages," 2 vols., and on " Bankruptcy." Hilliard, Henry Washington, politician and scholar, b. Cumberland Co., N.C.,Aug. 8, 18C18. S.C. Coll. 1826. He studied law, and settled in Ga., but in 1831 became a citizen of Ala., and was for 3 years a prof, in the State U. In 1838 he was elected to the State Icgisl. ; inj4842 was app. by Pres. Tyler minister to Belgium ; and was M.C. in 184.3-51 : a vol. of his speeches was pub. in 1855. He opposed the Wilmot Proviso; was a prominent advo- cate of the compromise measures of 1850, and Hillsborough, Wills Hill, Earl of, principal secretary of state lor the Amer. dept. in 1768-71 and 1779-82, h. Fairford, Glouces- tershire, Eng., 30 May, 1718 ; d. 7 Oct. 1793. He took his seat in the Irish house of peers in 1743; in the privy council in 1754; was first lord of trade in 1766; postmaster-gen. in 1766-8; and was made viscount, and earl of Harwich, in 1772. Hillyer, Asa, D.D. (Allegh. Coll. 1818), Prcsb. minister of Orange, N.J. (1801-33), b. Sheffield, Ms., 6 April, 1763 ; d. in N.Y. 28 Aug. 1840. Y.C. 1786. Ord. at Bottle Hill, N. J., 29 Sept. 1789. In 1837 he sided with the New School. — S/iraijue. Hilson, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas, actors. Mr. H. was b. Loud., Eng., 1784; d. Louis- ville, Kv., Julv 23, 1 834. First app. at the Park, N.Y., as Waiter in " Child, of the Wood;" in Phila. at Arch St., Sept. 11, 1832, as Dash- wood in " Know Your Own Mind." Mrs. H., formerly Ellen Augusta Johnston, wa.s b. 1801 ; d. N.Y. City, Apr. 2, 1837. Made her d^but at the Park Theatre, with which her parents were connected, Jan. 15, 1817, as Amantbis in " The Child of Nature ; " remained there until 1830; opened as Lady Teazle at Walnut- st. Theatre, Phila., Sept. 12, 1831; married Mr. Ililson, Aug. 1825. The pair played an engagement at the Tremont Theatre, Boston, in 1827. — Brown's American Stage. Hinckley, Isabella. — See SnsiNi. Hinckley, Tuomas, last gov. of Plvm- outh, b. Eng. ab. 1618; d. Barnstable, Apr. 25, 1706. Son of Samuel of Tcnterden in Kent, and Sarah Hinckley, with whom he came to Scituate in 1635, and in 1639 removed to Barnstable. He soon became prominent in the affairs of the Colony ; was a dcp. in 1 645 ; a representative in 1647 ; a magistrate and assist, from 1658 to 1680; dep.gov. 1680; gov. from 1681,exceptduringthe interruption by Andros, until the union with the Ms. Colony in 1692. He was also a commiss. on the General Board of the two Colonies from 1673 to 1692, when he became a councillor. Among theMSS. of the N.E. or Old South Church Library, which in 1866 were deposited in the Boston Public Library, are 3 vols, folio of papers collected by Gov. Hinckley. Hincks, Sir Francis, C.B., a Canadian statesman, b. Cork, Ireland, 1795. Sou of Dr. Hincks, a Presb. clergyman. Was educated at Fermoy and Belfast ; became a merchant; and in 1832 settled in Toronto, Canada. Under Lord Durham's administration he edited the Examiner with such talent and vigor, that in 1841 he was elected to parliament for Oxford Co., and was soon after app. insp.-gen. From July, 1851, until late in 1854, he was prime- minister ol^ Canada. He again entered par- liament in 1855, when he was app. gov. and com.-in-chief of the Windward Islands; and in 1860-6 he was gov. of British Guiana. He did much to promote the construction of railways, especially the Grand Trunk Railway of Cana- da. Min. of finance for the Dom. of Canada since 1869. — Morgan. Hind) Henry Youle, geologist, b. Not- tingham, Eng., June, 1823. Educated at Leipzig and Cambridge. Came to Canada in 1847 ; prof, of chemistry and geology, Trinitj Coll., Toronto, since 1853. He accomp. the Red-river exploring exped. in 1857-8, his re- ports of which have been pub. as a " Narra- tive of the Canadian Exped.," &c., 1860. He explored a part of Labrador in 18G1 ; edited the Journal of Science and Art 1852-5 ; and in 1861 began 'the Journal of Arts and Mannfs. In 1854 he received the prize of £100 for the best essay on the Means of preserving the Har- bor of loronto. Hindman, Gen. Thomas C, b. Tenn., 1818; killed in Helena, Ark., Sept. 27, 1868. 2d lieut. of Mpi. vols, in the Mexican war, and was a Democ. M.C. in 1859-Gl. Member of the Charleston Convention of 1860. When the Rebellion broke out, he was made a brig.-gen. in the Confed. army, and promoted subsequently to inaj.-gen. He first served under Buckner in Ky., and had command at Memphis. At New- toiiia, his force of from 1 5,000 to 20,000 was put to flight by Gen.s. Schofield and Blunt. Hav- ing collected his forces at Van Buren, Ark., he crossed the Arkansas with 25,000 men, and ad- vanced in Dec. 1862 to Prauie Grove, where he HESr 439 HIT was defeated by Gens. Blunt and Herron. Af- ter tlic battle of Shiloli, in which he partici- pated, and (rom which his commission of maj.- gen. dated, lie was transferred to Ark., and com. ill that State during its occupation by Gen. Curtis. He com. a division in Polk's corps at Chickamauga. He went to Mexico after tlie peace, but returned to Helena in the spring ol 1807, and was assassinated by one of his :ildi. Hiudman, William, delegate from Md. to ilie Old Congress 1784-7, M. C. 1792-9, U. S. senator 1800-1 ; d. Jan. 26, 1822. Hinds, Gen. Thomas ; d. Jeff. Co., Mpi., Aug. 23, 1840, a. ah. 65. Maj. com. Mpi. cav. vols. 1813; lieut.-col. com. 1814-15; disting. under Jackson at N. Orleans; U.S. brig.-gen. of inihtia lor Mpi. Terr. July 7, 1815; M.C. \828-:n.— Gardner. Hinks, Edward W., brevet, brig.-gen. U.S.A., I>. Buckspiirt, Me., 30 May, 1830. J)e- sceiulu.l Ironi Judge John Uiiickes of N. II. He nmved to Bangor in Dec. 1846, to Boston in 1849, and now resides ill Cambridge, Ms. Member of the Boston city council, ami of the Ms. legisl. in 1855. A printer in Boston, and adjt. 8ili M.V.M. ; 18lh Dec. 18C0 wrote to Maj. Ander.son, tendering a vol. force to aid in delence of Fort Moultrie; 21 April, 1S60, while en route to Washington with his rcgt., com. a party which saved.the frigate '' Consti- tution " at Annapolis, and repaired the bridge and railroad at Annapolis Junction; app. 2d licut. 2d U.S. Cav. 26 Apr. 18G1; lieut.-col. 8th Ms. Vols. 30 Apr. 1861; col. 16th M.ty, 1861; col. 19th Ms. Vols. 3 Aug. 1861 ; brig.- gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; brev. niaj.-geii. 13 Mar. 1865; lieut-col. 40ih U.S. Inf. 28 July, 1866; brev. col. U.S.A. 2 Mar. 1867 for An- tietain; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 2 Mar. 1866 for IVtiT-liuig, Va. ; retired 15 Dec. 1870. He parti, ipaicd in the action of Ball's Bluff; the at (Jloiidale, 30 June, 1862; com. 3d Brigade, Sedgwick's division, in Pope's campaign, un- til scveielv wounded at Antictam, Sept. 17, 1862; com. 3d div. 18th corps .(colored) 21 Aiir.-8 July, 1864, in battle of Baylor's Farm, and assault on Petersburg, where he was again wounded ; afterwards prov -inarslial-gen. of Southern N.Y. and of Western Pa., being in- b. Woodbury, Ct., 1720; d. Southbury, Ct., Mar. 22, 1810. A quarterinabter of a troop of horse in the cxped. of Gov. Wolcott against the Fiench in Canada in 1751 ; in 1755 a capt. in Goodrich's regt., and in the battle between Johnson and Dieskau ; lieut.-col. 3d regt. in 1758; lieut.-col. of a regt. of horse and foot in 1767, and col. in 1771; com. a regt. at Ticon- dcroga in 1775 ; at New York when taken by the British in 1776; left the army in ill health in Jan. 1777. Hinman, Elisua, capt. U.S N., b. Sto- ningtoii, Ct., Mar. 9, 1734; d. there Aug. 29, 1807. At 14 he went to sea ; wasacapt. at 19; and for many years sailed to Europe and the Indies. He com. " The Cabot," under Com. Hopkins, early in 1776. One of the first cap- tains app. by Congress (Aug. 13, 1776), he abandoned a lucrative profession, and devoted himself to his country. He successively com. " The Marquis de Lafayette," 20 guns; " The Dcane,"30guns; the sloop "Providence; "and " The Alfred," 32. Captured in the latter (Mar. 9, 1778), he was taken to Eng., and im- prisoned, escaped, reached France, and on his return home was honorably acquitted for the loss of his ship. In 1779 he com. " The Han- cock" with great success, and in 1780 "The Deane." In 1794 Pies. Adams tendered to him the com. of " The Constitution ; " but from his advanced age he declined. From 1798 to 1802 he was engaged in the revenue service. By the destruction of New London by the British, he lost all his property. Hinman, John, LL.U., jurist, b. Fairf.eld Co., Ct., 1802 ; d. Cheshire, Ct., 21 Feb. 1870. He was educated at an academy ; was adm. to the New Haven Co. bar ab. 1827 ; practised in Watcrbury ; became a judge of the Superior Court in 1842, of the Supreme Court in 1850, and in 1861 chief justice. Hinman, Royal Ralph, politician and genealogist, b. Souihburv, Ct., June 50, 1785; d. N. Y. City, Oct. 16, 1868. Y. C. 1804. Son of Gen. Ephraim. He studied law; practised nearly 30 years in his native county; was sec. of state in 1835-42 ; and subsequently gave his attention to the history and antiquities of the State. He pub. several vols, of genealogies of the early settlers in the Hartford, Quinnipiac, and Pcqnod colonies. For the last 14 years he had resided in N. Y. City. Author of " His- torical Collections of Ct. in the Ainer. Revol.," 8vo, 1842; "Catalogue of the First Puritan Settlers of the Colony of Ct.," in 6 nns., Hart- ford, 1852-8; "Official Letters between the Kings and Queens of Eng. and the Early Gov- ernors of Ct. ; " also .several volumes of Stat- utes and Public and Private Acts. — Y. C. Obit. Record. Hinton, John Howard, an English cler- gyman and author, b. Oxford, 24 Mar. 1791. He was a Baptist; preached at Reading, and af- terward at Lond. He edited " The History and Topography of the U.S.," completed under the supervision of J. 0. Choules, D.D., was pub., 2 vols. 4!o, 1853. Mr. Hinton has also written " Memoirs of Wm. Knibb;" "The- ology, or an Attempt toward a Consistent View of the Whole Counsel of God ; " " Elements of Natural History," &c. Hirst, Henry' B., poet, b. Phila. Aug. 23, 1813. Adm. to the Phila. bar in 1843, his youth having been passed in the study of law, frequently interrupted by mercantile occupa- tions. Previous to his examination he pub. in Crtiham's Mag. several poems, which became very popular. He has pub. " The Coming of the Mammoth," " The Funeral of Time, and other Poems," 1845; " Endvmion, a Tale of Greece," 1848 ; and " The Penance of Roland, and other Poems," 1849. Hitchcock, CoL. Daniel, Revol. officer, of R. I. ; d. Jan. 1777, shortly after arriving at winter-quarters at Morristown. Y.C. 1761. A lawyer in Providence before the Revol.. and lieut.-col. of militia ; com. a R. I. regt. at the HIT Bie;;e of Boston in 1775; nml i-om aliri-;ul'' ;it Princeton, tlion;;lL su(irnii_' fimn ilir illiir-^ which ciinicil hnn oil'. \\ a^liinu imh timk hiin by the liiinil on llic liaitlc'--r i.i, :iinl ilianktil him fui- this scivi.-c hdoic tlie wl,ol,> ;irniv. Hitchcock, Edwakd, D.l). (Mill. Coll. 1S4G), LL 1). (11. U. 1840), clc-r-vnian and gc- ologist, h. Deudielil, Ms., Mav 24, 17',l.3 ; il. Amherst, Feb. 27, 1864. Frincipal of Ocer- fieUl Acad. 1815-18; pastor of the Con-. church in Conwav, Ms., 1821-5 ; jirof. of chem. and nat. hi"st. in Amherst Coll. 1825- 45 ; pres. of Amherst Coll. and prof, of nat. theol. and geol. 1845-54. He was app. State geolonist of Ms. in 1830, of the first dist. of N.Y. in 18.36, and of Vt. in 1857. Several years a member of the Ms. Board of Agrlc. ; and in 1850 was commiss. by the State Govt, to examine the agric. schools in Europe. He pub. an almanac 4 years (1815-18); a tragedy, " The Downfall of Bonaparte," 1815 ; and subsequently pub. more than 20 vols., be- side numerous sermons, addresses, tracts, and articles in tlu ;ifie nd lii 'A' Catalogue of Plants within 2o"Miles of Amherst," 1829 ; a prize essay on the " Wine- Qnestion ; " " Lectures on Diet, Regimen, and Employment;" in 1850 the "History of a Ziuilogical Temperance Convention in Central Africa;" "A Wreath for the Tomb," 1839; " Lectures on the Peculiar Phenomena of the Four Seasons," 1850; "Memoir of Mary Lvon," 1851 ; "Reports on the Geologv of M'.s.," 1833, '35, '38, '41 ; " Report on the Ge(d- ogy of Vt.," 1860; illustrations of " Surface Geology," 1857 ; and the " Elementary Geol- ogy," which has passed through 25 editions here, and several in Eng. His " Religion of Geology and its Connected Sciences," 1K51 , had a wide circulation on both sides of the Atlantic. He suggested as well as executed the geological survey of Ms., the first survey of an entire State under the authority of govt, in the world. The Amer. Geol. Assoc, (now the Scientific Assoc.) was originated at his suggestion ; and he was its first pres. Dr. Hitchcock was the first to give a scientific exposition of the fossil footprints of the Ct. Valley. " The Ichnology of N.E.," pub. by the Ms. Icgisl. in 1858, is chiefly a description and illustration of Ids own numerous collections. His last literary labor was bis " Ucniiniscences of Amherst College." Hitchcock, Enos, D. D. (B. U. 1788), minister and author, b. Springfield, Ms., Mar. 7, 1744; d. Providence, Feb. 27, 1803. H.U. 1767. Oril. Mav 1, 1771, colleague of Mr. Chipman of the Second Church, Beverly ; dis- missed Apr. 6, 1780; chaplain in the 'Rcvol. army. Installed at Providence, Oct. 1, 1783. He was a disting. preacher, and a friend and promoter of educa At his death he be- queathed $2,500 for the support of the ministry in his society. He pub. " Catechetical Instruc- tions and Forms of Devotion for Children and Youth ; " " Memoirs of the Bloomsgrove Fam- ily ; " a work on Education, 2 vols. 12mo, 1790 ; discourses and sermons ; and Essay on the Lord's Supper. Hitchcock, Eth.4N Allen, brig.-gen. U.S.A., andauthor, b. Vergennes, Vt., 18 May, IT'.is; d. Hancock, Ga., 5 Aug. 1870. West ruiiit, IS17. Son of Judge Samuel (who d. i;iiri.ii-i,.n, Dec. 1813, a. 59) by a dau. of Kiluiu Allen. He was an officer of the milit. acad. in 1824; com. the cadets in lS29-,33; capt. Dec. 1824 ; maj. 8tli Inf. 7 July, 1838; licut-cul.3d, 31 Jan. 1842; c.d. 2d Inf 15 Apr. 1851; resigned 18 Oct. 1855; maj -gen. vols. 10 Feb. 1862; commis. for exch. of prisoners 15 Nov. 1862 ; commis. to revise the milit. laws and regulations 17 Dec. 1862. He served in the Seminole war ; was acting insp.-gen. on the staff of Gen. Scott in Jlcxico ; l.rov. col. for the battles of Contivia., and ( hurnl.usco, and brig.-gen. for Muinn. d> 1 i;.\,8 Sept. 1847. He then travelled in ICuiDpc, and com. the dept. of the Pacific in 1851-4. Author of " Alchemy and the Alchemists," 1857 ; " Swe- dcnborg a Hermetic IMiilos.." 18.58; "Christ the Spirit," 2 vols. 1859 ; " Red Book of Ap- pin ; " " Remarks on the Sonnets of Shak- sjicare ; " " Notes on the Vita Xuova of Dante," 1 866 ; and a mystical interpretation of " Colin Hitchcock, Gad, D.D., minister of Pem- broke, Ms., from 1758 to his death, Aug. 8, 1803, a. 85. H.U. 1743. He pub. Dudlcian Lecture, 1775 ; sermons at anniv. of Plym- outh, Dec. 1774, to a milit. cornp. 1757, &c. Hitchcock, PETEit, LL.D. (Mar. Coll. 1845), jurist, b. Cheshire, Ct., Oct. 19, 1781 ; d. Paincsville, 0., May 11, 1853. Y.C. 1801. Adm. to the bar in 1804; practised law in Cheshire; established himself at Burton, 0., in 1806; member of the Ohio Assembly in 1810; of the senate in 1812-16, and pres. of that body one session; M.C. 1817-19; 28year3 judge of the Supreme Court of 0., and a por- tion of the time chief justice ; again a member of the Ohio senate in 18-33-5, and a second time pres.; and in 1850 a delegate to the State Const. Conv. Patron and friend of the lead- ing benevolent enterprises of the day. Hitchcock, Robert B., commo. XJ.S.N., b. Ct. 25 Sept. 1803. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1825 ; licut. Mar. 3, 1835 ; coui. Sept. 14, 1855 ; capt. 1861 ; commo. July 16, 1862. Attached to schooner " Shark," W. I. squad., 1827 ; com. steam-frigate " Merrimack," Pacific squad., 1858-60; com. steam-sloop "Susquehanna," and senior officer of the blockading Hcet off Mobile, 1862-3; com. Norfolk Navy Yard, 1866; ret. 25 Sept. IS65. — Hamersl,/. Hoadley, Loammi Ives, b. Northford, Ct,1790. Y.C. 1817; And. Theol. Sem. 1820. Ord. 15 Oct. 1823 ; pastor of the Waldo Calvin- istic Church, Worcester, Ms., 182.3-30; has had charge of several churches in N.E. ; since 1866, pastor at N. Haven.; assist, ed. " Comp. Comment, of the Bible ; " edited vol. 6 " Spirit of the Pilgrims," and many of the pubs, of the Ms. Sabb. School Soc. Contrib. to various reliiiious publications. — AlUljone Hoar, Ebenezer Rocicwood, jurist, b. Concord, Ms.,21Feb.l816. H.U.183.5. LL.D. 1868. Son of Hon. Samuel. Adm. to the bar 1840, and practised with great success. Ap- pointed judge C.C.P. Aug. 1849; resigned 1855 ; judge Superior Court of Ms. 1859-69 ; U.S. atty.-gen. Mar. 1869-July, 1870; joint high commissioner to treat with the British HO^ 441 Mar.-Mny, 1871. Disting. as a juiist, and a man of fine culture, great wit, and eminent social qualities. George F. Hoar, M.C. 8tli dist. of Ms,, is his brother. Hoar, Jonathan, col. of a prov. regt. at Nova Scotia in 1755. Son of Lieut. David H. of Concord, Ms., b. Jan. 6, 1708; d. 1771, on his passage from Lond. to N.Y. li.U. 1740. Lieut, in Waldo's regt. at the capture of Lonihbnr;,', 1745. Hoar, Leonard, M.D.(U. of Camb. 1671), pres. of llarv. Coll. from Sept. 10, 1672, to Mar. 15,1675; d. Biaintnx-, Ms.. X.iv. 28, 1675. H.U. 1650. Ilr II,. a ,l..n ..(John Lisle, the regicide; wa.s iniiM,i.r .,( Wcnslead, Essex, iintilrjwtedr.,rn..ii-r,„il..L-Miiiyin 1662; and, rrtmniiu' i.i M>. in 1672, was for a time assist. I" I'll ., 11,1 > 111, I tclu-r at the South Church, Bo.^toii II. \\:\,.i. linentingoverning power; and, suiiic Miihiriiiiil men having arrayed themselves against him, the students made his situation so uncomfortable for him, that he was obliged to resign ; and his death soon fol- lowed. Hoar, Samuel, LL.D. (H.U. 1838), law- yer, b. Lincoln, Ms., May 18, 1778; d. Con- cord, Ms., Nov. 2, 1856. H.U. 1802. His father, Capt. Samuel, a Revol. officer, and many years in the State legisl., as well as a county magistrate, d. June, 1832. The son was two years a private tutor in Va. ; was adm. to the bar in 1805; opened an office in Concord ; and was for 40 years one of the most eminent and successful practitioners in the State. Member of the Const. Conv. in 1820; State senator in 1825 and 18,33 ; of the exec, council in 1845-6 ; State rcprcscntativein 1850; and M.C. in 1835- 7. Sent in 1844 by the Ms. legisl. to S.C. to test the constitutionality of acts of that State authorizing the imprisonment of free colored persons who should enter it, his appearance in Charleston caused great excitement; and he was expelled from that city, Dec. 5, 1844. On the same day, the legisl at Columbia passed resolutions authorizing the gov. to expel him. He was an active member of various religious and charitable societies, — of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, Am. Bible Society, and of the Ms. Hist. Soe. He m. a dau. of Roger Sherman. Hobart, Aaron, jurist, b. Abington, Ms., June 26, 1787; d. E. Bridgewater, Sept. 19, 1858. B.U. 1805. Becoming a leading law- yer in Plymouth Co., he was State senator in 1819; M.C. 1821-7; member of the exec, council 1823-31 ; judge of probate from 1843 till his death ; and member of the State Const. Conv. of 1853. Author of "History of Ab- ington," 1839. Hobart, John Henry, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1807), I'rot.-Epis. bishop of N.Y., descended from Joshua, an early settler of Ms. ; b. Phila. Sept. 14, 1775; d. Auburn, N.Y., Sept. 12, 1830. N.J. Coll. 1793. Tutor there 1796-8. Ord. deacon 1798; priest in 1801; consec. assist, bishop of N.Y. May 29, 1811 ; bishop in 1816. In 1799 he was called to Christ Church, N Brunswick, N. J. ; rector of St. George's, Hempstead, L.I., from May to Sept. 1800; then assist, minister of Triniry Church ; sec. of the h. of bishops ; dcp. to the conven- tions of 1801-4 and 8, and, in the last two, sec. to the clerical and lav deputies ; and ia 1816 rector of Trinity Church. He was active in forming a tbeol. sem. in N.Y., in which in 1821 he was prof, of pastoral tbeol. and pulpit eloquence. He visited the Oneida Indians in 1818 and 1826. Among his publications are "Companion for the Altar," 1804; "Com- panion for the Festivals and Fasts ; " " Com- jianion for the Book of Coninioii r,,iv,,- " "State of IX-iiartcd Spirits ;""Ci,i, I iiiiiii'rini's Manual;" " Cler;;vman's ( \,i,,|.,iiii " " Essays on Episcipacy ; " " Apuli,, v lor A|ios- tolic Order," 1807; "Christian's Manual of Faith and Devotion ; " 2 vols, of " Sermons," Lond. 1824. In 1808 hebegan the Churchman's Mmiazlne, a monthly. His posthumous works, with Memoir by Kev. Wm. Beriian, app. in 1833,3 vols. 8vo. "The Professional Years of J. n. Hobart," by J. McVicar, was pub. 12mo, 1836. Hobart, John Sloss, LL.D. (1793), jurist, b. Fairfield, Ct., 1738 ; d. Feb. 4, 1805. Y.C. 1757. Son of Rev. Noah Hobart of Fairfield. Member of the N.Y. Congress, and AuiT. 1, 1776, one of the committee to draft a State constitution. In July, 1777, he became a judge of the N.Y. Dist. Court, and, after the war, one of the three judges of the Supreme Court. Elected U.S. senator for the term com- mencing Jan. 179S, he resigned May 5, and was app. judjre of the U.S. Dist. Court of N.Y. Hobart, Noah, minister of Fairfield, Ct., from Feb. 7, 17.!3, to his d. Dec. 6, 1773, b. Hingham, Ms., Jan. 2, 1705. H.U. 1724. Grandson of Rev. Peter (Camb. U. 1629; settled at H. 1635), and son of David of Hing- ham. He was many years engaged in con- troversy with Dr. Johnson, Mr. Carver, and other Epise. clcrygmcn. He was a man of learning, of sound judgment, retentive memory. He pub. several controversial tracts and ser- mons. Father of Jolin Sloss Hobart. Hobbie, Selah R., first assist, postmas- ter-gen. 1829-50 and 1853-4, b. Newburg, N.Y., Mar. 10, 1797 ; d. Washington, Mar. 23, 1854. He established himself at Delhi, Dela- ware Co., in the practice of law, where he soon attained distinction, and rn. the dau. of Gen. Root, with whom he was connected in business. M.C. 1827-9. Hobby, Col. Sir Charles ; d. Lond. 1714. Son of Wm. Hobby, merchant of Bos- ton. He com. one of the Ms. I'egts., and was senior officer at the capture of Port Royal. Knighted for his fortitude at the time of the earthquake in Jamaica in 1692. Hobby, William, minister of Reading, Ms., from 1732 to his death, June 18, 1765; b. Boston, 17 Aug. 1707. H.U. 1725. Son of John, and nephew of Sir Charles. He pub. "Vindication of Whitcfield," 1745; against Jona. Edwards's Dismission, 1751 ; " Seif-Ex- amination," 1746. Hodge, Charles, D.D., LL.D., clergy- man and author, b. Phila. Dec. 28, 1797. N. J. Coll. 1815 ; Princeton Theol. Sem.''l819. In 1820 he was app. assist., and in 1822 prof, of Orient, and Bib. literature, in the theol. sem. In 1840 he was maile prof, of theol. In 1825 he founded the Biblical Repertori/ and Princeluti Review, enlarging its plan in 1829, 442 HOF conducting it for more than 30 years. The ■ oportant of these papers have been and Essays," 1857. His " Commentary on Romans " appeared in 1835 ; his " ConsL History of the Presb. Church," and his " Way of Life," 1840-1. He has also pub. "Com- mentaries on Ephesians and the Two Epistles to the Corinthians." Moderator of the pen. assembly of the Presb. Church (O.S.) in 1846, and one of a committee to revise their " Book of Disci|)linc " in 1858. Vol. I. of his " Sys- tcnjaiii- TliL-ol.," to he completed in 3 vols., app. in IS7 1. — Ari'letun. Hodgkinson, John, actor, b. Manchester, Enjj;., 1767; d. Washin^'ton, D.C, Sept. 12, 1805. His parents kept a public-house ; and John very early left home, and dropped his real Meadowcraft, on account of his pro- pensity for the stage. He joined a strolling company, and, during a provincial tour by Mrs. Siddons, performed the principal characters in every play. He came to the U.S. in 1792; first appe'ared at the Soulhwark, Phila., in Sept., as Bclcour in " The West-Indian ; " opened in the John-st. Theatre, N.Y., Jan. 28, 1793, in "The Dramatist." In 1795 was assist, manager of the Boston Theatre ; re- turned to N.Y. in 1796; and was afterward manager of several other theatres. He wrote " The Man of Fortitude," and some minor pieces, and a narrative of the old American conipanvof comedians. His wife, a Miss Brett, a disting. actress, d. Phila. Sept. 1803. Hoe, KoiiERT. an ingenious meclianic, b. L.io ,iri.;Hi.- Ln-,, 1784; d. Westchester Cu I 1 II ; : lie landed in N.Y.in 1803, wli< i; : ^rr was raging there, and caii.h: I.;- L|.. i'liin, but ultimately recovered. Ho lirot Lii^:i;;cJ iu the business of a builder, whitli he relinquished for the manuf. of print- ing-materials, and of the hand-press invented by'his bro.-in-law, Peter Smith. Ah. 1823 he took the sole charge of the business, and great- ly improved his presses. The business accord- ingly increased ; but his own health had become so much impaired, that in 1832 he was obliged to retire from all connection with it. It was then taken by his eldest son, Richard Mabch (b. N.Y. Sept. 12, 1812), Matthew Smith, son of his first partner, and Sereno Newton. Ab. this time, the manuf. of saws, in wliieli Richard M. Hoe had made important improvements, was added to the other business. In 1837 he went to Eng. to obtain a patent for an im- proved mode of grinding saws ; and upon liis return he was enabled by his observations there to improve materially upon the printing-ma- chinery in use there, as well as in the U.S. In 1846, " Hoe's Lightning Press," so called from the rapidity with which it operates, was brought into use, and was patented July, 1847. The business, since 1841, has been conducted by the 3 bros., R. M., Robert, and Peter Smith Hoe. Hoey, Mrs. John (Josephine Shaw), ac- tress, b. Liverpool, Eng., June, 1824. Dau. of John Shaw, musician and poet, sister of Mary and Rosina (Mrs. H. Watkins). First appeared at the Baltimore Museum in 1839, and in N.Y. at the National, W. E. Burton man- ager. Re-appeared at Burton's Chambcr-st. Theatre in 1849 ; and was leading lady at Wal- lack's Theatre in 1853-65. Mrs. H. is said to have originated the present extravagant style of costuming ; her wardrobe having been more gorgeous and expensive than that of any preceding actress. She m. W. H. Russell in 1839, by whom she had two sons ; was divorced in 1847; and subsequently m. John Hoey of Adams's Express Go. — Brown's Ainer. Slai/e. Hoff, Henrt K., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Pa. Midshipm. Oct. 28, 1823; lieut. Mar. 3, 1831 ; comin. Nov. 29, 1853 ; capt. 1861 ; com- mo. July 16, 1862; rear-adm. Apr. 13, 1867 ; com. frigate " Independence," Pacific squad., 1857; sloop'of-war "John Adams," 1858; steam-sloop " Lancaster," Pacific squadron, 1861-2; ordnance dnty, Phila. 1864-7; com. N. Atlantic squad. 186'8-9; and gained much credit by his prompt and energetic measures to protect American citizens in Cuba from the injustice of Spanish oflicials. — IJamerslij. Hoffman, Capt. Beekman V., U'.S.N., b. Nov. 28, 1789; d. Jamaica, L. I., Dee. 10, 1834. Midshipm. July 4, 1805; lieut.May21, 1812; com. Mar. 5, 1817; capt. Mar. 7, 1829. It was his good fortune to serve as a lieut. on board the frigate " Constitution " (" Old Iron- sides") in all hereelebrated battles, and, though signally disting. in each by seamanship and bravery, coming out of the fight uuwounded. His first service was in " The Argus," Capt. Trippe. He was instrumental in the victories over the " Guerriere," " Java," " Cyane," and " Levant." Hoffman, Charles Fenno, author, b. N.Y. 1806. Son of Judge J. O. Hott'man. Sent to an acad. at Poughkeepsie, he ran aw.ay to escape harsh treatment. In 1817 he was obliged to submit to amputation of a leg. This did not prevent his becoming a proficient in manly sports, in which, on entering Col. Coll., he was more noted than for scholarship. Adm. to the bar at the age of 21, he practised 3 years, during which time he made contribs. to literature, and became associated with Charles King in the editorship of the N.Y. American. In 1833 he went to the AVest for his health, and pub. a series of letters entitled " A Winter in the West," 1835 ; also " Wild Scenes in the Forest and the Prairie," 1837 ; and " Greyslaer," 1840. In Dec. 1832 Hoffman established the Knickerbocker Mar;., of which he edited several numbers. He afterwards edited the American Monthly Mai/, and the N. Y. Mirror. In 1842 a volume of his lyrics was pub., entitled " The Vigil of Faith and other Poems : " a more complete edition n])peared in 1845, entitled "Love's Calendar." "The Echo, or Borrowed Notes for Home Ciicula- tion," was the title of a second vol. of poetry. In 1847-8 he edited the Literary iVorld, and, after leaving that journal, contrili. to it a num- ber of essays and stories, entitled " Sketches of Society." A mental disorder has since 1850 kept him in complete retirement from the world. He possessed fine social qualities, con- versational powers of a high order, taste, scholarship, and a chivalrous personal cliar- actcr which made him a favorite with all. — Appteton. Hom 443 HoflFman, David, LL.D. (U. of Oxf.), lawyer and wi-itcr, b. Baltimore, Dee. 25, 178-1: d. "N. Y. City, Nov. U, 1854. From 1817 to 1 836 he was prof, of law in tlie U. of Md., durin<; wliicli time he pub. many works on jurisprudence. After retiring from his profes- sorship, he travelled for two years in Kurope ; practised law in Phila. until 1847 ; when he again visited Enrope for literary purposes, re- turning to Amer. in Dec. 1853. His principal work on jurisprudence is entitled "A Course of Legal Study," 1836. His "Legal Out- lines," of which but one vol. ever appeared, has also been commended as a text-book. His last publication is "Chronicles selected from the Ori-inals of Cartaphilus, the Wandering Jew," is:,:,. Anu.n- lii^ ],u1,Ii.mi.„iis are "Mis,vll:i„r,„i, Tlinii-lit- uii \1. ,1, M.niiiers, and " Via 'Le- 1846. He 1 of Juris Utri. Doct. from Giittingeii other lion, degrees from learned Duiickimk. Hoffman, John T., gov. of N.Y. 1869-72, b. Sing Sing, N.Y., 10 Jan. 1828. Un. Coll. 1846. Adm. to the bar in Jan. 1849; acquired an extensive practice in N.Y. City ; connected himself with Tammany Hall in 1854; was elected recorder of the city in 1860 and 1863, rendering himself conspicuous for his severity to the rioters of July, 1863; was elected mayor in 1865, and re-elected in 1867 ; Democ. can- didate for gov. in 1866, but was defeated by Mr. Fen ton. Hoffman, Michael, financier, b. Clifton Park, N.Y., 1788 ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Sept. 27, 1848. He was educated a physician, but stud- ied law, and became a resident of Herkimer Co., where his talents soon gave hiui a prom- inent standing. M.C. 1824-32, and chairman of the committee on naval affairs. He was a canal commissioner from 18.33 to 1835 ; a mem- ber of the House of Assembly in 1841-2; and was a delegate to the Const. Conv. in 1846. As chairman of the com. of ways and means in the Assembly, and of the finance committee of the convention, he initiated and carried through many important financial reforms. Mr. HoflTman was a powerful and cfTcctive debater, a statesman in the strongest sense of the term. He was some time naval oflScer in N.Y. City. Hoffman, Ogden, lawyer, b. N. Y. City, 1799 ; d. May 1, 1856. Col. Coll. 1812. Son of Josiuh Ogden, one of the most eminent members of the N.Y. bar when Hamilton, Scott, and Emmet adorned it ; was recorder of N.Y. City during the war of 1812-15 ; and at his death, Jan. 24, 1837, was on the bench of the Supreme Court. Bro. of Charles Fcniio Hoffman. After three years' service as a mid- shipman, during which he was cajiturcd in the "President," Com. Decatur, he studied law; commenced practice in Orange Co. ; and was app. dist.-atty., but removed to the city in 1826, and became a paitner of Hugh Maxwell, soon after which he disting. himself as assist, in the prosecution of the famous conspiracy cases. Member of the legisl. in 1828; dist.-atty. in 1829-35; was app. U.S. dist.-atty. by Gen. Harrison; was M.C. in 1837-41, and disting. by his eloquence ; in 1848 he was again elected a member of Congress; and in 1 8.54 atty. -gen. of the State. Mr. Hoffman was a most power- ful pleader before a jury; and was employed for more than a score of years in all the iiiost important criminal trials of the city ; and was a recognized leader of the Whig party. Hogan, John, b. Mallow, Co. Cork, Ire- land, Jan. 2, 1805; came to Baltimore in 1817; was apprenticed to a shoemaker; emigrated West in 1826; in 1831 opened a store in Madison Co., 111. ; memlier legisl. 1 8i6 ; regis- ter land-ofiicc, Di.xon, 111., IM4 1-5; atier- ward settled as a merehaiii in St. Lmiis, Mo. ; postmaster of St. Louis I8.")T-G1; M.C. 1865- 7. Author of " Kesoiirees of Missouri," and of "Commerce and Maiiufs. of St. Louis." Hoge, Moses, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1810), president of Hamp. Sidney Coll., Va. (1807- 20), b. Cedar Creek, Va.. 15 Feb. 1752; d. Phila. July 5, 1820. He completed his studies at Liberiy Hall Acad. 1780; was ord. pastor of Hardy, Va., 13 Dec. 1782; and in 1787 re- moved to Shephcrdstown. Author of " The Christian Panoply," 1799, a reply to Painc's " Age of Reason." A vol. of his sermons was pub. in 1821. His son. Rev. Samuel Da vies HoGE, prof of natural sciences in the U. of Ohio, d. Athens, 0., Dec. 25, 1826, a. 33. Hoit, Albert Gallatin, portrait-painter, b Sandwich, N.H., Dec. 13, 1809; d. West Roxlmrv, Ms., Dec. 18, 1856. Dartm. Coll. 1829. Son of Gen. Daniel of Sandwich, N.H. Though portraits were his specialty, many a sketch made in his N. Hampshire retreat at in- tervals of recreation attests the genuine com- numion he held with universal nature. He painted in Portland, then in Bangor and Bel- fast, and at St. John, N.B., but settled at Boston in 1839. From Oct. 1842 to July, 1844, he was in Enrope. Holbourne, Francis, com.-in-chief in N. Amer. 175B-7; d. July, 1771. Gov. of Green- wich Hospital. Capt. R.N. 15 Feb. 1740; commo. in the W. Indies 1750; adm. 1755; rear-adm. and lord of the admiralty iii 1770. Holbrook, James, journalist ; d. Brook- lyn, Ct., A|)r. 28, 1864, a. 52. Special agent U.S. post-oHice (1845-64); editor Nonokh Au- rora, Patriot and Eaijle, U. S. Mail ; anil au- thor of " Ten Years among the Mail-Bags," 1855. Remarkably skilful and expert us a de- tective, he brought every considerable mail- robber to justice. Holbrook, John Edwards, M.D., natu- ralist, b. Beaiilort, S.C, 30 Dee. 1794; d. Nor- folk, Ms., 8 Sept. 1871. B. U. 1815. Hecarly removed to Ms. with his parents, natives of Wrentham, Ms. Received his medical diploma from the U. of Phila., and continued his pro- fessional studies in London and Edinburgh. He spent two years in Italy, Germany, and Paris, where he resided in the JarJin des Pinnies. He established himself in Charleston, S.C, in 1822; and in 1824 was chosen prof, of anatomy in the Med. Coll. of S. C. His most important work is the "American Her- petology, or a Description of Reptiles inhab- iting the U. S.," 5 vols. Phila. 1342. His work on " Southern ichthyology " was discon- HOL tinui-il after two nnml)ers, the field being too cxten-nr (mi- hi-; survey, as ho made all his dra\vin_'~ liMiii lifr. He was subsequently em- pb.yr.i on lin- •■ Ichtliyology of S.C." During the KtliLUii.ii. lie u.is lorced to serve as a sur- geon ill a .S.C. legt. He was the pupil of Cuvier, and the fiiend of Agassiz. Holbrook, Silas Pinckney, writer, b. Beautort, 8.C., June 1, 1796; d. Pineville, S. C, May 26, 1835. B. U. 1815. Son of Silas, a teacher at Beaufort, S.C, and bro. of John E. He studied \aw in Bonon, and prar- Of a iin I'lMdier,'!,* .Joiialljaii FariiilL-k ; and verv ainusiiii; " Letters tVoiii a Boston Mer- cha'nt; " and " Recollections of .Japan and Chi- na." These, with other ])iece3, were pub. as "Sketches by a Traveller,"" 1834. He also wrote the European portion of Peter Parley's " Pictorial Geography," and for a while con- ducted the Boston Tribune, and an amusing pa- per called the Spectacles. — Dui/ckinclc. Holcombe, Amasa, A.m. (Wms. Coll.), scientist, b. Granby, Ct. (now Southwick, Ms), June 18, 1787. His ancestor Thomas came to Dorchester ab. 16.31 ; d. Windsor, Ct., Sept. 7, 1657. His father was afarmer, and he received only a ilist school education. At 19 he made surveyors' compasses for his own use ; and at 20 began the compilation of almanacs, which he pub. several years. At 27 he taught surveying, civil engineering, and astronomy; and in 1826 became a civil engineer. He made in 1828 his first telescope, and until 1842 had no Ameri- can competitor. For his skill, he received in 1835 the "Scott Legacy" from the city of Phila. ; a silver medal from the Franklin Inst., Phila,, in 1838; a gold medal from the Amer. Inst., N. Y. City, 18.'i9; and a diploma from the same in 1840. For 3 years he represented Soutliwick in the house; and in 1852 in the senate of Ms. Holcombe, Henry, D.D. (B U. isoo). Baptist clerirvrnan, b. Pr. Edward Co., Va., Sept. 22, 1762; d. Phila. May 22, 1824. Af- ter serving as a capt. in the Revol. war, he com- menced preaching ; Sept. 11, 1785, became pas- tor of a Bap. church at Pipe Creek, S.C. ; and was a member of the S.C. Conv. which ratified the Const, of the U. S. In 1794 he became pastor of the church at the Eutaw, in Beaufort dist. ; in 1799 he removed to Savannah, and was pastor of the church there in 1800-10. He then retired to Mount Elon, where he founded a Baptist academy. Settled over the First Bap. Church in Phila. from 1811 to his d. He jiub. '• Funeral Discourse on the Death of Wasliinuton," "Lectures on Primitive Thcolo-y," 1822. Holcombe, William Frederic, M.D., b. Sterling, Ms., Apr. 2, 1827. Alb. Med. Coll. 1850. Son of Augustine H., and pupil of Prof. March. After several years' study in Europe, he came to New York, and was app. to the chair of ophthalmic and aural surgery in the N.Y. Med. Coll. He is surgeon to the N. Y. Ophthalmic Ho.spital. Sec. and librarian N.Y. Gene;il. and Biog. Society. Holden, Oliver, composer, and teacher of music; d. Charlestown, Ms., 1831. A car- penter by trade. He afterward kept a music bookstore, and composed many excellent tunes, among them " Cornnn'inn" Aurli.ir of " The Amer. Harmony," '.:'■ : ' r ; ■; Harmony," a coll. of sacred nn; \\ -i. i. r Coll. of Sacred Harmony," i;,.: , ,>u ,, > Ilolvoke and H. Grame, " Tl,>.- .\1=. Compiler, ' 1795.— Monies Encijci. of Music. Holland, Edwin Clifford, poet and cssayist.b. Charleston, S.C, ab. 1793 ; d. Sept. 1 1 , i *i?4. Educated for the bar, he adopted a 11 I I career; pub. a vol. of poems in 1813 ; i: I edited the Charleston Times, and w! i:. 1 !• magazines; and in 1818 dramatized " 1 iir Corsair" of Lord Byron. Assoc, with William Crafts and Henry J. Farmer in edit- ing " The Omnium Botherum," intended to satirize " The Omnium Gatherum" edited by Thomas Bee. Holland, Elihit G., author, b. of N. Eng. parentage, Solon, NY., Apr. 14, 1817. He has pub. " The Being of God and the Immor- tal Life," 1846 ; " Reviews and Essays," 1849; " Essavs," 1 852 ; a drama in 5 acts, entitled " The 'Highland Treason ; " and in 1853 "A Memoir of Rev. Joseph Badger." — Duyc- kind:. ' ^ Holland, Rev. Frederic West, b. Bos- ton, June 22, 1811. H. U. 1831; Cainb. Tlnol. Rchuol, 1834. Has devoted himself to nn- .:i,i . : I'l IS. On his return from lbixi;in t, , I i > ]iub. a book on Palestine for clii, II' II ; , I ,1 -'lies of descriptive letters in (/ . - /' :.t ral.lr," and " Soundings from the Atlaniu- " .Mmy ol' his best poems have been writtiii lor mh lai ur fcs- or sung by the poet himself. Ho is also a pop- ular lecturer, and has- disting. himself by his researches in auscultation and microscopy. In 1838 he pub. three " Prize Dissertations ; " in 1842 " Lectures on Homa;oj>atliy, and its Kindred Delusions;" in 1848 " A Report on Medical Literature; " " A Pamphlet on Puer- peral Fever; "and, in connection with Dr. Jacob Bigelow, an edition of Hall's " Theorv and Practice of Medicine," 8vo, 1839. He has been a frequent contrib. to med. periodicals, as well as to the N. A. Review, the Knickerhorker , and other literary magazines. In 1852 Dr. Holmes delivered a course of lectures on the " English Poets of the I9th Century." He has also pub. "Elsie Venner," a novel, 1860; "Currents and Counter-Currents in Medical Science," 1861; " Border-Lines in some Provinces of Med. Science; " " The Guardian Angel," 1867 ; and "Mechanism in Thought and Morals," 1871. Dr. Holmes m. a dau. of the late Hon. Charles Jackson of Boston. Holmes, Theophilus Hdntee, lient.- gen. C.S.A., b. N.C. 1805 ; d. South-west Ark. Mar. 31, 1864. West Point, 1829. Entering the 7th Inf., he became 1st lieut. Mar. 26, 1835 ; capt. Dec. 9, 1838 ; was brev. maj. forgallantry at Monterey, Sept. 23, 1846 ; and became maj. 8th Inf. Mar. 3, 1855. In the latter part of 1860 he obtained leave of absence, and went to N.C, where he had large possessions both in land and negroes ; he resigned Apr. 28, 1861, and entered the Confed. army. He com. a brig. of the reserve at Bull Run. Nov. 13, 1861, ho was app. to com. the army of Acquia, which co-operated with the army at Manassas. In Nov. 1862 he had a com. in Ark., with the rank of.lieut.gen. Holstein-Dueoudrav, Gen. H. L. v., b Germany ; d. Albany, N.Y., Apr. 23, 1839, a. 76. He received a good education ; entered the service early ; became a disting. statT-offieer to Napoleon, after whose overthrow he came to the U.S., settled in Albany, taught French at the female acad. there, and ed. the Zodiac. Author of " Recollections of an Ofijcer of the Empire," " Life of Bolivar," and " Memoirs of Lafiivette," 12mo, N.Y. 1824. Holt, John, printer, b. Va. 1721; d. N.Y., Jan. 30,1784. A merchant, and also mayor of Williamsburg; he was unsuccessful, and in 1760 began in N.Y. the Gazette and Postboii, and in 1766 the N. Y. .Tournal, hut soon after removed to Norfolk, Va. In Nov. 1775 his printing establishment at Norfolk, where he was doing good service to the patriot cause, was destroyed by Lord Dunmore. Holt then went to N.Y., and, while the British had pos- session of that city, pub. his journal at Esopus and Poughkeepsie. — Lossincj. Holt, John Sadnders^ b. Mobile, Ala., 1826. Author of " Life and Opinions of Abra- ham Page," 1868; " What I Know about Ben Eccles,"'l869. Holt, Joseph, statesman, b. Breckenridge Hor. 447 Co., Ky., Jan. 6, 1807. EJucatcd at St. Jo- sepli's Coll., Baidstown, and at Centre Coll., Danville; and in 1828 began to practise law in Elizabctlitown, Ky. ; in 1832 he removed to Louisville, Ky. ; in 1833 became atty. for the Jetfersoii Circuit; removed in 1835 to Port Gibson, Mpi. ; practised with success, and in 1842 returned to Louisville; in 18.i7 he was made commiss. of patents by Prcs. Buchanan ; ill 1859 became postmaster-gcn. ; and, when John B. Floyd withdrew Irom the cabinet in Dec. 1860, assumed tlie charge ol' the war dept. To his precautions in co-operation with Gen. Scott has been atiributed the absence of any revol. demonstrations in Washington during the inaug. of I'res. Lincoln. He aciively advocat- ed the Union cause in Ky. and elsewhere, de- nouncing emphatically the policy of " neutrali- ty." He was app. one of a com. to adjust the claims brought against the dcpt. of the West prior to Oct. 14, 1861 ; and in March, 1862, the coin, made its report. Sept. 13 he was app. judge-advocate-gen. of the army. Though in politics a Douglas Democrat, he'supported Mr. Lincoln's administration throughout, and ex- pressed his strong approval of the Emancipa- tion Proclamaiion of Sepl. 22, 1862. In 1864 he was placed at the head of the bureau of military justice. Offered the cabinet app. of atty.-gcn. in Nov. 1864, but declined. Brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. Holton, S.iMOEL, Rcvol. statesman, b. Danvers, Ms., June 9, 1738; d. Jan. 2, 1816. Many years an eminent physician in Danvers, and member of the legisl. before tlie Revol. He was one of the most zealous and active patriots of his day. Delegate to the Essex Co. conven- tion Sept. 1774; to the Prov. Congresses of 1774 and 5; a member of the com. of safety, July, 1776 ; member of the sup. exec, council ; a delegate to frame the Confederation in 1777 ; delegate to the Old Congress from 1778 to 1783, and in 1784-7 ; delegate to the State convention to adopt the Federal Constitution, 1789 ; M.C. 1793-5; judge of probate for Es- sex Co. 1796-1815 ; also holding a seat in the council 27 years, and on the bench of the C.C.P. He was a councillor and vice-pres. of the Ms. Med. Society. Holyok'e, Edward, pres. of H.U., b Bos- ton, June 25, 1689; d. June 1, 1769. H. U. 1705. Tutor in 1712 ; ord. minister of a new society at Marblehead, Apr. 25, 1716, and of- ficiated there till July 25, 1737, when he was elected pies, of the coll., which flourished under his charge. He was especially disting. as a mathematician and classical scholar. He con- trib. the first poem in Pielas et Gratulatio of U. U., \7ii\.— Eliot. Holyoke, Ed ward Augostds, M.D., LL.D., physician, b. Marblehead, Aug. 1, 1723; d. Salem, Mar.31,1829,a. lOUyrs.S inos. H.U. 1746. Son of the preceding. He began to prac- tise medicine at Salem in 1749, continuing in business more than 70 years. He was an acute and learned physician, and a good surgeon ; was a founder of the Ms. Med. Society, and its first pres. He performed a surgical operation at the age of 92. Even after be had attained his 100th year, he was interested in the investiga- tion of medical subjects, and wrote letters wliich show that his undorstamling w.is still clear and strong. On his lOOtli birthd.iy, about 50 of his medical brethren of Boston and Sa- lem gave hiin a public dinner, when he appeared at the table with a firm step, smoked his pipe, and gave an appropriate toast. A Memoir of his lile was pub. by the Essex Med. Soc. 1829. Holyoke, Samdel, teacher of music, b. Boxford,Ms.,Oct. 15, 1762; d. Concord, N.H., Feb. 7, 1820. H. U.1789. Son of Rev. Elizur. He pub. " Columbian Repository of Sacred Harmony," " Occasional Music," E.xeter, 1802. Homans, John, M.D. (1815), an eminent physician of Boston, b. there 1793; d. 17 Apr. 1868. H.U. 1812. He practised a year or two in Worcester, afterward at Brookfield, and in 1829 settled in Boston. Some years prcs. Ms. Med. Society. Home, Daniel Douglas, Spiritualist, b. Mar. 1833. Author of " Incidents of my Life," 1863, in which he says, " The only good I have ever derived from 'the gift' is the knowledge that many who had never believed in a future existence are now happy through me in the certitude of the 'life to come.' " He has vis- ited nearly every country in Europe, where his wonderful raediuinistic power has been gener- ally admitted. In 1864 lie was ordered to quit Rome, the authorities of that city being alraid of his powers Homer, William Bradford, minister of So. Berwick, Me., b. Boston ; d. Mar. 22, 1841, a. 24. Amh. Coll. 1836. Son of Geo. J. Ho- mer. He had been settled only 4 months. His writings were edited by Dr. E. A. Park, who also pub. a Memoir of him. 2d ed. 1849. • Homes, William, minister of Martha's Vineyard, b. in north of Ireland, 1663; d. Chil- m.irk (where he had been settled since 1715), Jnne20, 1746. Liberally educated. Hecamoto N. E. in 1 686, taught .school 3 years on the Vine- yard, returned to Ireland, and was ord. minis- ter at Strabane in 1692, and returned to Amer. in 1714. He pub. sermons on "The Sab- bath;" on "Public Reading of the Scrip- ture ; " " Church Government," 1732 ; " Secret Prayer;" "Government of Christian Fami- lies," 1747. His son Capt. Robert m. Mary, a sister of Benj. Franklin. Hone, Philip, a philanthropic merchant, b. New York, 1781; d. there May 4, 1851. He was a popular and successful man of business ; was one of the founders and a principal patron of the Mercantile Lib. Assoc, of New York ; was long an alderman; and in 182.5-6 mayor of the city. Pres. Taylor app. him naval offi- cer of New York, the duties of which post he discharged until his death. HoneyWOOd, St. John, poet, b. Leicester, Ms., Feb. 7, 1763; d. Sept. 1, 1798. Y.C. 1782. His father, an English physician who had set- tled in Leicester, d. a surgeon in the army at Ticonderoga in 1776, leaving his son an or- phan and destitute. He was educated by some friends; in 1783-4 taught in an academy at Schenectady, N.Y.; then studied law in Alba- ny ; and practised in Salem, Washington Co., during the rest of his life. A vol. of his poems was pub. in New York in 1801. — Duijckinck. Hood, George, author of a " History of Music in N. E.," Boston, 18mo, 1846 ; d. HOO 448 Phila. 18 May, 1869. Business-manager of the Phila. Acad, of Music. Hood, Gen. John B., b. Bath Co., Ky., ab. 1830. West Point, 1853. Entenng the 4th Inf., he was transf. (3 Mar. 1855) to the 2d Cav., with a detachment, of which he had a gallant conflict wiih a body of Comanche and Lipau Indians near the hciid of the San Pedro River, Texas, 20 Julv, 1857, and was wound- ed; Istlicut. 18 Au^'. 1858; resigned 16 Apr. 1801 ; and was app. a hrig.-gcn. in the Confed. army. lie was one of the officers who partici- pated in liimding over the U.S. troops in Tex- as to the secessionists. He raised a regt. of Kentucliians ; com. a brigade in Julmston's (afterward Bragg's) army in 1862 ; joined the army of Va. in the sjnins of ISGi> ;' was pro- moted to com. the cav. . uri-, ;,;:a 111 i.lc amiij.- brcvcts of niaj. and licut.-col. at the National Bridge and Chapultepce. He became capt. 29 Oct. 1848; resigned 21 Feb. 1853, and settled on a farm in Cal., where he was residing when app. brig.-gen. of vols. May 17, 1S61, Uiniiig this period he a.^-i-i-'i i i r.i:i.:i ; . vn.- a n.i- tional road coniii'i I ) : I i , •> As- signed to the Aim I '.is afterward promoted i" a i!r. i- m 11- i:i'/il- man's corps. Fiom Jidy, I8GI. to Fel). 1862, he was stationed in Southern Md. In the sub- sequent battles on the Peninsula, especially that of Williamsburg, May 5, where he was highly distinguished, bis troops were popularly known as "lighting Joe Hooker's division." Made maj.-gcii. vols. 5 May, 181i2, be was as- signed to the 1st Army Cor|is in Sept. ; bore .'ttvs he .oiiL;st reel's corps lejuini n- Longsi ;u Chiekan ISG2 ,■,„,,; ..| I., li.'ii -h ,: '11 .. . . .,■•■ I Sept. I],. ■ , , :,-'.;,. ,-.. i tu ilestrov Uui -,, .11 ■ ' ,iM , :,ilrfeated in 1.1, ..;:.m;.l lo e..;iiuie .N ,.1imI!c, 17 Dec. 1SG4, bv Liea. Thomas; and in Jan. 1S65 was relieved of bis com. by Gen. Dick Taylor. Hooke, William, b. Southampton. I60I; minister at Taunton, and from 1644 to 1656 at N. Haven ; returned to Eng. ; was Cromwell's chaplain; and d. Mar.21, 1678. Oxf U. 1623. Bro.-in-law of G. Whalley, and m. Cromwell's cousin. Had been minister of Exinouth, Dcv- ' on, and was in N.E. as early as 1639. He pub. "-Discourse on the Witnesses," "New England's Tears for Old England's Fears," July 23, 1640; also other sermons. Two of his sermons are reprinted in " The Ministry of Taunton." Hooker, Edward W., D.D. (Wras. Coll. 1840), b. Uoshen, Ct., 24 Nov. 1794. Mid. Coll. 1814. He iiegan to study music at the age of 12, and has pub. many important lec- tures, addresses, &c., on that subject; also "A Plea for Sacred Music ; " " Memoir of Mrs. Sarah L. Huntington Smith," 1845 ; and " Life of Thomas Hooker," 12mo, 1849. Hooker, Herman, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1848), clergyman and author, b. Poultnev, Vt., ab. 1806 ; d. Phila. July 25, 1865. Mid. Coll. 1825. He studied divinity at Princeton ; sub- sequently became an Epis. clergyman, but, on being compelled by ill linltb to r Ihnjnish this office, became a bonk ! i ii 1 I, ',i. He has pub. " The Portion I ■: I ~ ," Popu- lar Infidelity," entitini m ,. in i I I; 11.11 "The Philosophy of Unbeliel iii Mu,ai» and Reli- gion ; " " The Uses of Adversity and the Provisions of Consolation ; " a vol. of " Max- ims ; " and " The Christian Life a Fight of Faith." — Dui/chnck. Hooker, Joseph, maj.-gen. U. S A., b. Hadley, Ms., 1815.^West Point, 1837. En- tering the 1st. Art., he was aide to Gen. Hamer in the Mexican war ; was brev. capt. for gal- lantry at Monterey ; became assist, adj.-gen. (rank of capt.) 3 March, 1847; and won the dist tbc batt Fan-tax ; an the right wing. Wounded in the i;.,,i, lie was disabled from duty for several weeks. Sept. 20 he was made brig.-gen. U.S.A. ; in Nov. he superseded Gen. Porter in command ul the 5th corps ; was shortly after assigned the centre grand division of the Army of the Potomac, and succeeded Gon. Bnrnside in the chief eoiii. in Jan. 1863. Cros.^ng tbc Rappahannock, April 27, he v Chancellur Ml compelleil I I I he resign. I mac, and u.io com. the llth : 1863: in opera ;ked in bis position at Gen. Lee, and was •. June 27, 1863, \rniv of the Poto- Cr,," Meade. He '. I '"r|;s 24 Sept. _.i. Met. 186,3- .ijiuuo i,( Lookout • of Mission. Kidge la. (27 Nov.), 1863; p (8 Mav, 1864), villo (19 M'ay), Dal- r Atlanta J.July 18- 1-0 July), and siege May, 1864, bcin- out' Valley ((),-,, .Mountain { :.!4 Nm (25 Nov.), 1 l; com. 20lii I 'mi|., gaged at M : ' i i Resaca ( I i i ■ \ ] las (25 .M 19,18G4|, ; of Atlanta (22-.A U.S.A. 13 Mur. nooga; maj.-gen. U.S.A. Oct. 15, 1868; re- tired same date. Hooker, Thomas, an eminent divine, and one of the founders of the Coloiiv of Ct., b. Markfield, Leicestershire, Eiig., 1586 ; d. Hart- ford, July 7, 1647. Son of Thomas. Became a fellow of Era. Coll., Cambridge ; was a popular preacher in Lond., and a lecturer in Chelmsford, Essex, but was silenced lor non- conformity. He then kept a school, in which John Eliot "the Apostio" was his assist.; but, being still persecuted by the Siiiiitual Court, he in 16.30 fled to Holland, wlieie lie preached at Delft and Rotterdam, being an assist, to Dr. Ames, who said of him, " that he never met with his equal either in preach- ing or disputation." Sejit. 3, 1633, he arrived at Boston; was in the following month ord. pastor of the church in Newtown; but in June, 1636, lie with his wdiole cong. removed to the banks of the Ct. River, where th^y founded Hartford. Whenever he visited Boston, which he often did, he attracted great crowds by his fervent, forcible preaching ; and no man had more influence in the churches of N.E. His HOO 449 death was lamented as a public loss. John Cotton, Elijah Coilet, Peter Bulkeley, Edward Johnson, and Ezekiel Rogers, were among those who paid tribute to his memory. A Memoir of his Life, with a selection Irom his writings, has been pub. by a descendant, Rev. E. W. Hooker, U.D., Boston, 1849. He pub. many vols, of sermons and polemical works. His principal works are, " The Survey of Church Discipline," 1648; " The Application of Redemption," &c., second ed.,Lond. 1659; and " The Poor Doubting Christian drawn to Christ," 7th ed., Boston, 1743. Samuel, his son, second minister of Farmington, Ct., b. 1632, d. Nov. 6, 1697. H. U. 1G53. Ord. July, 1661. Hooker, Worthington, M. D. (H. U. 1829), pliysician and author, b. Springfield, Ms., Mar. 3, 1806; d. N. Haven, Ct., Nov. 6, 18G7. Y.C. 1825. Son of Judge John. He established himself in practice in Norwich, Ct., and afterwards in N. Haven. Prof, of the theory and practice of med., Y.C, 1852-67, and ac- quired a good practice in N. Haven. Author of " Human Physiology for Colleges and Academies ; " " Hooker's Book of Nature," in 3 parts ; " A Child's Book of Common Things ; " "A Child's First Book of Natural Philosophy ; " "A Child's First Book of Chemistry ; " " Natural History, Mineralogy," &c. ; "Physician and Patient," 1849; "Les- sons from the History of Medical Delusions ; " " Homoeopathy, an Examination of its Doc- trines and Evidences, &c.," 1853; "The Medical Profession and the Community;" " Rational Therapeutics," 12mo, 1857. — Yale Coll. Obit. Hooper, Edward James, b. Eng. 1803. Settled in the U.S. 1830. Author of a " Dic- tionary of Agriculture," 8vo, Cincin. 1842. Some years editor of the Western Farmer and Gardener, and 30 years a contrib. to agric. journals. — Allibone. Hooper, Lucy, poet, b. Newburvport, Ms., Feb. 4, 1816; d. Brooklyn, N.Y.,'Aug. 1, 1841. She was carefully trained by her father, and at 15 removed with the family to Brooklyn. Her poems were principally contrib. to the Long Island Star. Thev were coll. in 1840 with the title, " Scenes from Real Life," and a prize essay on " Domestic Happiness." In 1845 was pub. " The Lady's Book of Flow- ers and Poetry." Her " Complete Poetical Works " were pub. in 1848. In 1842 an ed., with a Memoir by John Keose, was pub. Hooper, Robert Lettice, chief justice of N. J. 1725-8, and from Nov. 1722 to his d. Mar. 1 739. — Field's Proo. Courts in N. J. Hooper, Samuel, merchant, and M.C. from Ms. 1861-71, b. Marblebead, Ms., 3 Feb. 1808, educated there, and many years engaged in the China trade in Boston. Member Ms. h. of rep. 1851-4, and of the senate in 1857. M. A. of Howard U. in 1 865 as founder of the " School of Mines " in that university. Author of a treatise on Currency, 1855. Hooper, William, Revol. statesman, b. Boston, Junel7, 1742; d. Hillsborough,' N.C., Oct. 1790. H.U. 1760. William his father (min. of the West Cong. Ch., Boston, 18 Mav, 1737-19 Nov. 1746; of Trinity Ch. (Epis.), 23 Aug. 1747, to his d. 14 Apr. 1767), b. and educ. in Scotland, author of " The Apostles neither Impostors nor Enthusiasts," 1742. The son studied law under James Otis, and, on being adm. to the bar, went to N.C. in 1764, and removed permanently to Wilmington in 1767, where he soon obtained extensive prac- tice, and was noted for his social qualities and hospitality. He represented Wilmington in the legist, of 1773, and signalized himself by his opposition to thearbitrary measures of the govt., against which he also wielded a successful pen under the signature of "Hampden." In 1774 he was a delegate to the Gen. Congress at draught of which was his work. Soon after signing the Decl. of Indep., Mr. Hooper was obliged to resign his seat on account of the embarrassed condition of his private affairs. He tilled various public stations in his adopted State until 1787. Hope, Henry, an eminent banker of Am- sterdam, b. Boston, 1736 ; d. Lond. Feb. 25, 1811. He was the son of a Scottish loyalist who had settled in Boston. Henry lived'some time at Quincy. At the age of 18 he went to Eng. ; soon after entered a London counting- house ; and in 1760 became a partner with his uncles in Amsterdam. On the death of his uncle Adrian in 1780, the whole business devolved on him. Hopkins, Daniel, D.D. (Dartin. Coll. 1809), minister of Salem, Ms., from Nov. 1778 to his d. Dec. 14, 1814; b. Waterburv, Ct., Oct. 16,1734. Y.C. 1758. Bro. of Dr. Samuel of Newport. He taught school at Salem in 1766-78. He pub. dedication sermon, 1805 ; and a sermon on the death of Washington. A vol. of his works, with Memoir by Prof. Park, was pub. 1853. — Spragne's Annuls. Hopkins, Edward, gov. of Ct., b. Shrews- bury, Eng., 1600; d. Lond. Mar. 1657. He was an eminent merchant in Lond., ami came to Boston with Mr. Davenport in the summer of 1637. Removing to Hartford, he was chosen a magistrate in 1639, and gov. of Ct. from 1640 to 1 654 alternately with Mr. Haynes. Upon the death of his elder bro. he returned to Eng. ; became warden of the fleet, commis- sioner of the admiralty, and member of par- liament; not forgetting, however, his friends in N.E.,whoderived great benefit from his services in the mother-country. At his death, he left a large estate in N.E., which has been appro- priated to the support of the grammar-schools in N. Haven, Hartford, and Hadley. He was one of those who formed the union of the N.E. Colonies, 1643. Ho left a donation of £500, which was, by a decree of chancery, 1710, paid to Harv. Coll. With this money, re;il estate was purchased in a township named IIo|ikin- ton in honor of the donor. — Eliul. Hopkins, Esek, first commodore of the Amer. navy, b. Scituate, R.I., 1718 ; d. North Providence, Feb. 26, 1802. On the breaking- out of the Revol. war, he was commissioned by Gov. Cooke as brig.-gen. Dec. 22, 1775, he received a commission from Congress as commo. and com.-in.-chief of the navy. He put to sea in Feb. 1776, with the first squad. 450 i; of 4 ships music, 1 he Bnhamas, of tl.L- i; •iicc, SOcan- oftlicC. latire. stores, Milno.V 1, off Block Amer. C :.• " llavvkc," "Vindic sent out by the Colonies, con and 3 sloops. TheHiit s.ulr, capturing' tlie forts at X u- 1' non, ami a larye (piaiiiiiy ol and amnmnition. ( In liis r Island he took the British scl and the bomb-brig " Bolton," for which the pres. of Congress complimented him officially. Two d.iys afterwards, with 3 vessels, he attacked " The Glasgow " of 29 guns; but she escaped, and for this Hopkins and Capt. Whipple were cenM.ied, tlie latter particulailv. In June, 177:;, llM|,kii,,u ;,,,,!.!, f,| 111 r,.,,-ress to ap- s ilelended by .John Adams, and was eil, partly out of regard for the feelings 110. Stephen, a member of Congress, but sniissed the service 2 Jan. 1777. Ban- tyles him "aged and incompetent." I member of the R.I. Assembly. His )ii\ Burrows, Avas active in the de- ..I of "The Gaspee;" was one of the ;.,., .-; i:, • !;• iw: D.iii.r inriiis. Dec. 22, ' • i; ■■ I ■ i . ...' I '. •• Hi,) in the s.li.a.l., u 1.1.1, i.aunied safely afu Hopkins, John Henry, D. Pr.-Kp. l,i~h..|iofVt..b. Dublin.J d. Rock Poiiif, Vt., Jan. 9, I86S. He came to Amcv. with his parents in Aug. 1800, intended lor the law; but, alter receiv sical education, spent a year in a house in Fhila. ; a^si-ted Wilson the ornithol- ogist to piep.ire the plates to the lii>t 4 vols. of his work; and ah. ISIO cmh.irked in the mannf of iron in the western jjart of Pa. In Oct. 1S17 hif .|. lilted the business a bankrupt; was. alter iii..iiths' studv, adin. to the bar in I'ltt-l.ur.'. hut 111 Xov. 1823 entered the inin- i~tn 0..1, ,,n..,t ill Mav. lS24,aii.l rerior of Principles, and Re ofblavery,"1863; "Church His- tory in Verse," 1867. He took a prominent part He was a decided champion of the High-Church party. Hopkins, Lemuel, physician and poet, b. Wuterbury, Ct., June 19, 1750; d. Hartford, Apr. 14, 1801. A.M. of Y.C. 1784. He prac- tised medicine at Litchfield from 1776 to 1784, when he removed to Hartford, where he sus- tained a high repu practice. Ui He was pecu appciirance, manners, an.l inquiries; free from the restraints . or authority ; and severe and sarc wit. He was benevolent and phi was talented, learned, and poetical lier days an adherent; of the Fr, philosophv. !.ii.', 1,11 I ,. .li ij.iii s' Bible. \V ,,, I , ; ,, , i , l;,,, ,., . ; and in odoreDv.i , e.nn. of a Wits"), i... 1 1 ni ,:,.. a number heprojeete.l,an.l li.i.l a | ing, having lor its object L, LL.D., ficicnt Federal Constiti .30, 1792; greatly exeivisiie,- the le came to Echo," ■' r,,l,i,. :l 1,1 .L ), and was tine," :iii i vingaclas- tifulashliv ■ 1 '.■ ,.,1 , '. A tin current flows." Aiii.ni- th.' l.,-i kn.iwn of his verses are the " lhp...ri[ '- ll.ji.e," and an Elegy on the " Victim ol a Cancer Quack." Some of his vcr,scs appear in the Litchfield Coll. of " American Poems," 1793. Hopkins, MAitK, D.D. (Dartra. Coll. 1837), LL.D. (U. of N.Y. IS.->71, eler-vman a C andauthor, b. Sto.:.l.iiJ_., .M- , l- ., 1, I s,i.>. d,, Jr.JtJf W.ns. Coll. 18-4. 1, ,: : : ,i , of-, Q , fioerof theRev..!.. ,.:. i , . ^ , :. , ..-r. ^^'^'^ ■ /| sail.. II .■~i,ih:i-.hed in the diocese of Ms., in u I... 1. I. h..;. me prof, of systematic divinity. Cuiisee. 1-t h.~:...|. of Vt. (')et. 31. IS.32. He atthesam.- n ,. ;.. ■ ..i-i ::.- r ■■ : .i.hipofSt. Paul's, Bur: ■,.:.:. II ■ ^ - ; .ii a boys' school, wli.i . I : :. I' ,,irily, toa degree which ic.,ul:._d i.i liie iacriliee of his property, and a debt which it took him many years to cancel. He resigned his rectorship in 1856, that he might devote himself more unre- servedly to the work of his diocese, and the building-up at Burlington of the " Vt. Epis. Institute." Besides a number of pamphlets, sennons, and addresses, he has pub. " Chris- tiaiiitv Vindicated," 1833 ; " The Primitive Creed" E,\amincd and Explained," 1834; "The Primitive Church compared with the Prot.- Epis. Church of the Present Day," 1835; " Essay on Gothic Architecture," 1836; "The Church of Rome in her Primitive Purity com- pared with the Church of Rome at tlie Present Day," 1837 ; " Twelve Canzonets," words and the degree of M.D., and in IS.'a com the practice of medicine in N. Y. Ii 1830 he was called to the chair of mo; losophv and rhetoric; and .Sent. l."i, 1 came pres. of Wms. Co:l. I', .t, ..: < theology since 1858. He i . . ; , : Coll. Church; and has I..:;, I ell List, of B,.si ,i!i i - ,, n , ■ , i,i!io has tak.' . . ' : ,: ■ . ..a-.u the A.U.r 1 M , . I --,;, been pres. Aathu; -..; ■ L.c:a;e.^ on t dences of Christianity," Svu, 1S4G; at tion 18G4; also a scries of " Lectures oi Science ; " " Law of Love," &c., 1869 ; ccllaneous Essays and Discourses," 8vo, 1847 ; and of many occasional sermons and addresses. Under his supervision the coll. has enlarged her resources and the number of her students. Hopkins, S.4MOEl, b. Waterbury, Ct., 1693, minister of W^ Springfield, Ms., from June 1, 1720, to his d., Oct. 6, 1755. Y.C. 1718. Great-grandson of John of Cambridge, eneed ' Aug. 10 Evi- ew edi- Moral " Mis- HOP 451 HOP 1634. He pub. "Historical Memoirs of the Housatunuck Indians," &.C., 4to, 175.3. Hopkins, Samuel, U.D. (B.U. 1790), fouiuler of the Hopkinsian divinity, b. VVa- terbury, Ct., Sept. 17, 1721 ; d. Newport, R.I., Dec. 20, 1803. Y.C. 1741. Before his 15th year he was chiefly occupied in farming. He studied divinity wiili Jonathan Edwards ; was ord. pastor of the churcli in Housatunnuc, Dec. 28, 1743; was dismissed Jan. 18, 1769; and was settled at Newport, Apr. 1 1 , 1770. During the British occupancy of Newport in 1776-80, he preaclicd in various places. Returning to his parish, he found it so much impoverished, that, (or the remainder of his life, Ur. Hopkins was dependent lor his maintenance upon weekly contributions and the voluntary aid of a few friends. So powerfully did he oppose slavery, that in 1774 a law was passed, forbidding the importation of negroes into the Colony ; and in 1784 it was declared by the legisl. that all children of slaves born after the following Mar. should be free. He also, as early as 1773, formed a plan for evangelizing Africa, and col- onizing it with free negroes from America. Besides his numerous sermons, addresses, and pamphlets, he pub. a Life of Pres. Edwards, Lives of Susannah Anthony and Mrs. Osborn, and left behind him sketches of his own life, an'l a Treatiseon the Millennium, pub. Boston, 18.54. His " System of Theology " is his great work. His entire works were pub. by Dr. West in 1805, and again, with a Memoir of his life and character by Dr. Park, bv the Doctrinal Tract and Book Society (Boston, 1852). Dr. Hopkins is the hero of Mrs. H. B. Stowe's " Minister's Wuoin;;." Hopkins, (its. Sajicel G.,b. Albemarle Co., \ .1, ; .1. lbn^ soon alter app. to a lucrative office in "H- 3, (2^,^,^ jj'i which lie held until his rcpub. principles occa-f y sioned his removal. Member of Congress in^ U^ -^'^^ 1776-7; and during the Revol. disting. him- ^ . self by satirical and political writings. He em- 5 i.'^vru*t--64. Son of Judge Josiah. Adm. to the bar in 1803; a prom, member of the State Const. Conv. in 1844. In 1836 he decided that Con- gress had no right to pass a fugitive-slave law. Pros. N.J. Colonization Soc. and of the N.J. Hi-t. Society. Hornblower, Josiah, a civil engineer and magistrate, b. Staffordshire, Eng., 1729; d. Jan. 21, 1809. He early became familiar with mathematical and mechanical science; and in 1751 came to Amer. to build a steam- engine at the copper mines near Belleville, N. J., said to have b.;en the first one constructed in N. America. Becoming interested in these mines, he devoted his attention also to min- eralogy. Member of the Cont. Congress 1785. For many years subsequent to this period he was a member of the State legislature, of which he also served as speaker; and from 1793 till his death was a judge of the Essex Co. Court. Horner, William EDMn.NDS, anatomist, b. Wurrenton, Va., 3 June, 1793; d. Phila. 13 Mar. 1833. U. of Phila. 1814. Robert, his gr -grandfather, settled as a merchant at Port Tobacco, Md. William studied medicine at Phila. ; in July, 1813, was app. surgeon's mate U.S.N. ; served on the northern frontier in 1813-14, and resigned Mar. 1815. He then began practice in Phila. ; acquired disiinction and a large practice. Dissector and demonstra- tor U. of Pa. until, in Nov. 1819, app. adjunct prof of anatomy ; and prof, in 1831. In 1824 he discovered the Musculus Hornerii, an im- portant muscle of the eye ; in 1847 he founded St. Joseph's Hospital, to which he bequeathed his library and instruments. Author of " Trea- tise on Pathological Anatomy," Phila. 1826; "Lessons in I'ractical Anatomy," 8vo; " Spe- cial Anatomy and Histology," 2 vols. 8vo, 1851 ; " US. Dissector," 5th cd. 1856 ; "Ana- tomical Atlas." — Gross's Med. Biog. Horry, Elias, founder of a chair of moral and polit. philos. in Charleston College, b. of Huguenot ancestors, Charleston, S.C, 1743; d. there Sept. 17, 1834. Horsford, Eben Nokton, prof of chem- istry, b. Geneseo, N.Y., 1818. Some time principal of the Albany Female Acad. ; sub- sequently studied under Baron Liebig in Ger- many for several years; and was Rumford Prof. inH.U. 1847-03, and teacher of chemis- try in Lawrence Seient. School, a dcpt. of the U. which he was instrumental in establishing. He was employed as a chemist by the Boston board of water commis., and has contrib. many papers on chcmistiy to the scientific journals. He married in 1847 Mart Gardiner, b. New York, 1824 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., Nov. 30, 1835. Dau. of Saml. S. Gardiner. She was an early contiib. to the Ladi/'s Book and the Knick- erbocker Marjazine. Her " Indian Legends and Other Poems " were pub. in Boston, 1855. Horsey, Outerbridge, lawyer and sena- tor, b. Somerset Co., Del., 1777; "d. Needwoud, Md., June 9, 1842. He received a classical education ; studied law under J. A. Bayard ; was disting. in his profession ; was many years atty.-gen. of the State; and from 1810 to 1821 was U.S. senator from Del. Horsmanden, Daniel, jurist, b. Gould- hurst, Kent, England, 1691 ; d. Flatbush, L.L, Sept. 28, 1778. Called to the Council May 23, 1733; he was successively recorder, chief jus- tice from Mar. 1763, and pres. of the Council, and one of the commis. to inquire into " The Gaspe' " afi'air. He pub. " A History of the HOS 453 HOS Negro riot," 1742, repub. in 1810; and "Let- ter to Gov. Clintun," 1747. Hosaek, David, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., physician and author, b. N.Y. City, Aug. 31, 1769; d. Dec. 22, 1835. N.J. Coll. 1789. Alex., his father, was a Scotch art. officer at the capture of Louisburg in 1758. He studied medicine and surgery with Dr. Richard Bay- ley; received his degree at Phila. in 1791; practised ab. a year in Alexandria, Va. ; then pursued his medical studies in Edinburgh and London under the most celebrated professors of the time, and returned in the summer of 17D4 with the first coll. of minerals introduced in America, and also a coll. of the duplicate specimens of plants from the herbarium of Linnseus, now constituting a part of the museum of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist, of N.Y. In 1795 he was app. prof, of botany in Col. Coll., and soon after pub. a syllabus of his lec- tures. From 1796 to 1800 he was the partner of Dr. Bard. On the death of Dr. W. P. Smith in 1797, the chair of materia medica was assigned to Dr. H., who held it, with that of botany, till 1807, when he accepted that of materia medica and of midwifery in the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons. In this school, re- modelled in 1811 under Prus. Bard, he was prof, of the theory and ]irac iIlc of iili\-ic and clinical med., and afteru.ml at iili^i, n ios and the diseases of women aihl . IhImkh, until 1S26, when, with Drs. Mott, Maciic\rii, ami I'rancis, he organized Rutg. Coll. at New Brunswick, N. J., with which his connection was dissolved on its breaking up in 1830. Dr. II. was at various times physician to the almshouse, the NY. Hospital, and the Bloomingdale Asylum, resid. physician of N. Y. City, &c. He was among the original projectors of the N.Y. Hist. Soc., of which he was pres. in 1820-8; of the Hortic. Soc. and the Lit. and I'hilos. Soc. He established the Elgin Botanic Gaiden. His Hortas Elginensis, a scientific catalogue of the plants he had brought together, gave him a high position as a botanist. Fellow of the Roy. Societies of Lond. and Edinb. (1817). He wrote much on fevers, and especially on yellow- fever. His paper on the Laws of Contagious Disorders obtained a wide celebrity. Fioin 1810 to 1814 he conducted, in connection with his pupil John W. Francis, the Amer. Med. and Pliilos. lieijisler. Some of his other works are, "Memoir of Hugh Williamson, M. D., LL.D.," 1820; "Essays on Various Subjects of Medical Science," 3 vols., 1824-30; " Sys- tem of Practical Nosology," 8vo, 1829; "Me- moirs of De Witt Clinton," 4to, 1829 ; " Lec- tures on the Theory and Practice of Physic," 8vo, 1838. — Gloss's Med. 8ioville, N.Y., July 20, 1822. Un. Coll. 1843; Cleveland Med. Coll. 1848. He was several years a teacher ; practised medicine from 1848 to 1852 at Somerviile, N.Y. ; and has been much engaged in literary pursuits. He has pub. " A Catalogue of Plants in Lewis Co., N.Y,," 1847; "Hist, of St. Lawrence and Franklin Counties, N.Y.," 1853 ; " Hist, of Jefferson County, N.Y.," 1854; "Results of a Series of Mctcorol. Ubs. 1826-50," 1834; " N.Y. Civil List," 1861 ; " Diary of the Siege of Detroit," 1860; " Censusof N.Y. 1855-7 ; " "Northern Invasion of Oct. 1780," 1866; ■' Hist, of Lewis Countv,N.Y.," 1860; " Mun- sell's Guide to the Hudson Uiver," 1859; "The Comprehensive Farm Record," 18G0; "On Military and Camp Hospitals," from the French of Bauden, 1862; "Hist, of Duryea's Brigade in 1862 ; " " Papers relating to Nan- tucket," 1856. Hehas partly written or edited quite a large number of books illustrating the early history of N.E. and ^ .\ . — Diuidduck. Houghton, Dodgi.ass, M.D., naturalist, b. Truv, X.Y., Sept. 21, 1809; d. Oct. 13, 1845. 'Rens. Instir., Troy, 1829. Assist, prof. of chemistry and nat. hist, at Rens. Inst, in 1830; was in 1831 licensed to practise as a physician; and app. surgeon and botanist to the e.xped. to explore the sources of the Mjn. River, and made a valuable report upon the botany of the region through which he then passed. On his return, he practised medicine in Detroit until 1837, when he was app. State geologist. In 1842 he was elected mayor of the city of Detroit ; was a prof, in the State U. from its commencement ; was also a mem- ber of the Nat. Institute, of the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist., and an hon. member of many literary and scientific associations. Dr. Hough- ton was drowned near the moulh of Eagle River on Lake Superior during a violent snow- storm, while prosecuting for the General Govt, a survey of that region. Houghton, George Frederick, jurist and writer, b. Guilford, Vt., 31 May, 1820 ; d. St. Alban's, 22 Sept. 1870. U. of Vt. 1839. Adm. to the bar in 1S41 ; State sec. 1848-9, and State atty. fur Franklin Co. 1832-3. He founded the Vt. Transcript in 1854 ; was after- ward connected with the C/iurch Journal of N.Y. ; contrib. hist, and biog. sketches to various publications; and was a founder, and at one time pres., of the Vt. Hist. Society. Houston, George Smith, Democ. poli- tician, b. Williamson Co., Tenn., Jan. 17, 1811. In his youth his parents removed to Lauderdale Co., Ala. Adm. to the bar in IS ;l , Ii. I IP ; a with great success at Flor- ci, ! _j :; \v as elected to the Ala. legisl.; in i I "■ any. for the Florence judicial ili-t ; ;iii I M I', in 1841-61, except during 1849-51 ; clKiiiiiian com. of ways and means 1831-5, and of the judiciary com. 1857-8. Houston, Joiix, lawyer and statesman; d. Savannah, Ga , July 2o', 1796. Son of Sir Patrick Houston. He was early disting. in the Revol. movement; was one of the 4 persons to call the first meeting of the friends of liberty in Savannah in 1774; was a delegate to the Old Congress in 1775-7, and on its first naval com . ; atul would have signed the Decl. of Indep. had hu'not been called home to counteract the influence of Dr. Zubly in opposition to it. Mem- ber of the State council in May, 1777; gov. of Ga. 1778-84; first judge of the Supreme Court of Ga. (app. 1792) ; and in 1787 com- mis. for settling the bouiulary between Ga. and S.C. Houston, Samuel, soldier and statesman, b. near Lexington, Va., 2 Mar. 1793 ; d. Hunt- crsviilc, Tex., 25 July, 1863. His father, a Revol. soldier, d. a brigade insp. in 1807. His mother, an intelligent and energetic woman, then removed to Blount Co., Tenn., where Samuel was adopted into the Cherokee tribe. He was clerk to a trader, and kept school a short time; served with distinction under Gen. Jackson in the Creek war in 1813-14 ; was se- verely wounded atthe battle of Tallapoosa ; and was in Nov. 1817 app. a sub. agent to carry out a treaty with the Cherokees. Resigning his com. of"lieut. in the army, 1 Mar. 1818, he studied law at Nashville; held several minor offices; was M.C. in 1 Si'.'5-7 ; gov. of Tenn. from 1827 t.. Apr. Isj'j ; and then took up his residence Willi ihc ( Ik rukccs in Ark., endeav- oring, unsui eesahillv, tu pioteet them from the frauds practi:;ed upon them by govt, agents. Elected to the Const. Conv. during a visit to Texas in Apr. 1833, he exerted a powerful in- fluence upon its deliberations; and, when its result was rejected by Santa Ana, Houston, in Oct. 1835, was made com .-in-chief of the Tex- an aimy, terminating the war by the victory 455 of San Jacinto (2 Apr. 1836), in which he was severely wounded. First pres. of the republic from 22 Oct. 1836 to 1838; member Texas Congress 1S38-40; again pres. in 1841-4. After Ills fnvorite scheme of annexation to the U.S. had been effected, he was U.S. senator in 1846-59; gov. of Texas 1859-61. In the U.S. senate ho was the zealous advocate of justice and humanity to the Indians; opposed the Kansas and Nebraska Bill in an elaborate speech (3 Mar. 1854); and voted against the legality of the Lccumpton Const, lie opposed the secession movement, and long resisted the clamor for an extra session of the legisl., but finally retired from office, in preference to tak- ing the oath required bv tlie State convention. — See Life qr IJo'islon.'N.Y. 12mo, 1855. HoustOll, William Churchill, states- man; il, Trenton, N. J., Aug. 1788. N.J. Coll. 1763. I'iof of matbemaiics in that in- stitution. Delegate to the Old Congress 1779- Hovey, Alvah.D.D. (B.U.lSSe). clergy- man, b. Thetford, Vt., Mar. 5, 1820; Dartm. Coll. 1844. lletaughtin the N.London acad. 1 year; completed his theol. course at Newton in 1848; was pastor of the Baptist Church N. Gloucester, Me., 1 year. From 1850 to 1853 taught biblical literature in the Newton Theol. Inst.; became prof, of cccl. history in 1853, and of Christ, theol. in 1855. He has pub. a translation from tlie Gcrmnnof Pcrtbe's "Life of Chrysostom," in conjunction with Kev. D. B. Ford, 1854; "The Life and Times of Backus," 1858 ; " The State of the Impenitent Dead," 1859; besides contributions to re- views. Hovey, Altin P., lawyer and soldier, b. Adm. to the fied i ncludcd a treaty at Albany, which was rati- 1085. Mt. Vcnio.i, , Ind., 5 Mil bar of Mt. V. 1S43, a practitioner. Entered t Ind.Vols.; £ icrved un.l. r oftheMpi.; became col was made b. ■iL;.-gcn. vn! part in •'-- m jv.-viin^ :i. Gen, <;-•:: ,l ,1, . \ , ,1 bri::a.i . , - iniM.i ,.,u,, i, ,■-,,,,!-,,, I iiun Hills; app. Howard, Be.nja.iii.n, b. Va. ; d. St. Louis, Sept. 18, 1814. M. C. from Ky. 1807-10; gov. of Upper La. from Apr. 1810 to Nov. 1812; app. brig.-gen. U.S.A. Mar. 12, 1813, com. 8th milit. dept., then embracing all the territory from the interior of Ind. to the Mex- ican frontier. Howard, Benjamiu Chew, (LL. D. 1869), b. Md. N. J. Coll. 1809. Many years clerk of the U.S. Supreme Court. Has'pub. Reports of that Court from 1843 to 1860, in 24 vols. M C. 1829-33 and 1835-9; deleg. to Peace Cong. 1861. Howard, Francis, Earl of EfBngham, gov. of Va. 1684-9 ; d. Eng. 30 Mar. 1094. Son of Sir Charles Howard, and succeeded lo the earldom in 1681. He was instructed not to suffer the use of a printing-press in the Col- oiiy. His administration was excessively ra- pacious and tyrannical; and, during the early ])artof it, the Colony suffered much from the depredations of the Indians, with whom he Howard, Jacob M., LL.D. (Wms. Coll. 1865), U.S. senator from Mich. 1862-71, b. Shaftsbury, Vt., 10 July, 1805; d. Detroit, 2 Apr. 1871. Wms. Coll. 1830. He taught in an acad. in Ms.; removed to Mich, in 1832 ; was adm. to the bar in 1833 ; member of the legisl. in 1838; M.C. 1841-3; atty.-gen. of Mich. 1855-61. He drew up the platform of the first convention of the Republican party in 1854, and is said to have given the party its name. In 1847 he transl. from the French the " Secret Memoirs of the Empress Josephine." Howard, John Eager, soldier and states- man, b. Baltimore Co., Md., June 4, 1752 ; d. there Oct. 12, 1827. His grandfather Joshua came from the vicinity of Manchester, Eng., in 1085, and obtained a grant of land in Balti- more Co. Cornelius, his father, m. Ruth Ea- ger. John was capt. in Hall's regt., present' at the battle of White Plains, and served till his corps was dism. in Dec. 1776. Maj. in 4th regt.. Col. Hall, he joined the army in Apr. 1777; disting. himself at Germantown, where he com. his regt., and displayed great coolness and courage. He was present at the battle of Monmouth in 1778 ; Junel, 1779, he was made lieut.-col.of theOth regt., taking rank from Mar. 11, 1778; detached with the Md. and Del. troops in Apr. 1780 to the south, he served un- der Gates in the disastrous battle of Camden. At the b.ittle of the Cowpens, Jan. 17, 1781, Howard com. the Continentals, and, by a suc- cessful bayonet-charge, decided the fortune of the day. At one time he had in his hands the swords of 7 officers of the 71st British regt.. This was said to have been the first occasion in the war in which the bayonet was effectively used by the Amer. troops. For his valor in this action. Col. Howard received from Con- gress a silver medal. In the battle of Guil- ford, Howard again exhibited the discipline of his regt., and won additional laurels; and was also engaged at Hobkirk'.s Hill. At the battle of Eutaw, he com, the 2d regt., and was severe- ly wounded. After the war, he m. Margaret, dau.of Chief Justice Chew; was a member of the Cont. Congress 1787-8; w.as gov. of Md. in 1 789-92. He decl. the war secretaryship ten- dered by Washington in 1795. Member of the Md. senate 1795, and U.S. senator from 1796 to 1803. In 1798, in anticipation of a war with France, he was named by Washington one of his brigadier-generals. Howard, Oliver Otis, LL.D. (Waterv. Coll. 1865), brev. maj. -gen. U.S.A., b. Leeds, Me., Nov. 8, 18.30. Bowd. Coll. 1850. West Point, 1854. Entering the ordnance corps, he became 1st lieut. and instructor of mathemat- ics at West Point in 1857, and resigned 4 June, 1861, to take com. of the 3d Me. Vols. He com. a brig at the first battle of Bull Run, and for gallantry in that battle was made brig.-gen. of vols. Sept. 3, 1801. He lost his right arm at the battle of F.iir Oaks, June 1 , 1 802. After the batt!u of Antictain, he took Gen. Sedgwick's division in Sumner's 2d corps, and com. the 11th corps during the operations of Gen. Hooker, in the vicinity of Fredericksburg, May 2, 1863, and at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, HOTV 456 1863; mnj.-Ken. Nov. 29, 1862; enme of the latter of which were puh, i;i I'-r; ^ho married Dr. S. G. Howe, aee„„i|ia,in,e; jui.i u|ion an extended tour in Eunj|ie, wlneli ^lio visited again in 18.")0. After licr retniii, she pub. in 1854 a small vol. of poems, called " Passion Flowers ; " two years laler a second vol., " Words for the Hour." She brought out a play called " The World's Own " in the winter of 1855-6; " Hippolytus," a tragedy, pub. in 1858. During the winter of 1858-9 HO"W 457 ehe accomp. her husband on a trip to Cuba, of which she has pub. an account. She has writ- ten many admirable social and philosophic papers, among them " Polarity," " Limitation," " The Fact Accomplislied," " The Idea and Name of God," " The Iileal Church," and " The Ideal State." Her " Later Lyrics " ap- peared in 1866 ; " From the Oak to the Olive," the story of a trip from London to Athens, was pub. in 1868. ller splendid "Battle Hymn of the Republic," set to the ringinj; tramp of the John Brown son ; and com. at the battle of Bunker's Hill, June 17. On the departure of Gen. Gage, he became com. in-chief of the British forces in America. Forced to evacuate Boston in March, 1776, he proceeded to Halifax, and in Aug. landed at Staten Island. He defeated the Americans, 27 Aug., at Long Island ; took possession of N. Y. Oily, Sept. 15; Oct. 28, defeated Washington at White Plains; and, Nov. 16, captured Fort Washington, with its garrison of over 2.000 men ; in July, 1777, he sailed to Chesapeake Bay; defeated Washing- ton at the Brandywine, Sept. II ; and entered Phila. Sept. 26. He repul.sed the attack of Washington at Gerinantown 4 Oct., and spent the remainder of his stay in Phila. in indolence an.r j.leasure. Superseded by Sir H. Clinton early in 1778, a grand entertainment, called the mlsi-liiimza, was given in his honor hy the officers, 18 May, 1778; soon after which he returned home. On the investigation of his conduct by parliament in 1779, the opinion of Gen. Grey, Lord Cornwallis, and other mili- tary men, was, that he had done all that could be expected, considering the insufficiency of his force. Made lieut.-gen. of ordnance in 1782 ; in 1786 col. 19th Dragoons, and full gen. ; gov. of Berwick in 1795 ; and in 1799. on the death of his bro., succeeded to the Irish viscounty. At the time of his death he was a privy coun- cillor, and gov. of Plymouth. Howe had neither sufficient experience nor ability for the important com. assigned him in America. He was, with his bro. the admiral, a commiss. to settle the difficulties with the Americans. He pub. a narrative of his operations in N. America in 1779-80. Howell, David, LL D. (B. U. 1793), ju- rist, b. N. J., Jan. 1, 1747 ; d. July 29, 1824. N. J. Coll. 1766. Removing to R I., he was in 1769 app. prof, of nat. philos. and math. ; and was from 1790 to 1824 prof, of law in Brown U. He established himself in the practice of the law at Providence, and rose to endncnce in the profession ; was for some time atty.-gen. of the State, and judge of the Supreme Court ; member Cont. Congress 1782-5 ; and after the re-organization of the Gen. Govt, he was app. a commiss. for settling the eastern boundary of the U. S. ; subsequently dist. atty. ; and from 1812 to his d. dist. judge for R! I. He was a man of great wit, learning, and elo- quence; a disling. classical scholar, and a pungent and elTcctive poliiical writer. His son Jeremiah Brown Howell, U.S. sen- ator from R.L 1811-17, B. U. 1789, d. 1822, a. 50. Howell, Elizabeth (Lloyd), widow of Robert Howell of Phila.. native and resident of Phila. Author of " Milton's Prayer of Pa- tience ; " also contrib. several poems to the " Wheat Sheaf," a collection of prose and poe- try, Phila. 1852. — Allihone. Howell, John C, capt. U.S.N., b. Pa. June 9, 1819. Midshipm. June 9, 18.36 ; lieut. Aug. 2, 1849; command. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1 866. Served in " The Minnesota," N. Atl. block, squad., 1861 ; in the battle of Hatteras Inlet; com. steamer "Tahamo," E. Gulf block, squad., 1862-3; steamer 'Nereus," N. Atl. block, squad., 1864-5; in the two actions at Fort Fisher, Dec. 1864 and Jan. 1865; fleet-capt. European squad. 1869-71. — Hamersli/. Howell, Joseph, payra.-gen. Revol. army ; 1798, 48. Howell, Josh DA B., brig.-gen. vols., b. Pa. 1799; killed 14 Sept. 1864 near Petersburg, Va , by being thrown from his horse. Col. 85ih Pa. Vols.; wounded in several battles; and had recently been made brig.-gen. Howell, Richard, statesman and soldier, b. Del. 1755 ; d. Trenton, N. J., Apr. 28, 1802. He practised law; com. a company of grena- diers before the war; was in 1775 app. capt. 2d N J. regt. ; disting. himself at Quebec; pro- moted to niaj 1775; and com. his regt. until 1779. App. judge-advocate of the army in Sept. 1782, but declined. Resuming practice, he was clerk of the Supreme Court from 1778 to June 3, 1793; and gov. from 1794 to Oct. 1801. His bro. Rednap Howell, poet, b. N. J., taught school on Deep River, N C. ; composed many patriotic songs. Author of a pamphlet pub. in Boston. 1771, entitled "A Fan for Fanning, and a Touch for Tryon." Howell, Robert Botte Crawford, D.D., Baptist clergyman, and author, b. Wavne Co., N.C., Mar. 10, 1801; d. Nashville, Tenn., April 5, 1868. Col. Coll., D.C., 1826. Pastor of the Cumberland-st. Church, Norfolk, Va., from Jan. 27, 1827, to 1835 ; of the First Bapt. Church, Nashville, from 1835 to 18.50; of the 2d Bapt. Church, Richmond. Va., from 1850 to 1857 ; and from this time till his death was again pastor of the cluinh at Nashville. Both in Richmond and Nashville he was prom- inent in educational institutions. Dr. Howell pub. " The Evils of Infant Baptism," " The Cross," ••The Covenant," " The Eariy Bap- tists of Va.," " (Communion," " The Deacon- ship," "The Wav of Salvation," &c. He left unpnb. "A Memo'rial of the First Bapt. Church of Nashville from 1820 to 1863," and an elab- orate work on " The Family." HowellS, William Dean, author, b. Mar- tinsville, Belmont Co., O., Mar 1, 1837. Of his father, a printer and publisher, he learned the business at Hamilton, ; whither his par- ents moved in 1840. He has been editorially connected with the Cincinnati G'i:elle, and Ohio Slate Journal; and since July, 1870, has edited the Atlnntic iVouthli/: and has contrib. to the latter, to the Norlh-Ammcn Renew. The Na- tion, Putnam's Mnqnzitie, .Siiturdai/ Press. &c. He pub. with Mr. J. J. Punt, in 1860, a volume of verse, [speciinens of his poetrv are in Coggcs- hall's " Poets and Poetry of the West." Au- thor of " Suburban Sketches ; " " Venetian Lili;;" "No Love Lost," a poem, 1868; and " Italian Journeys." Howison, Robert R., b. Fredericksburg, Va., 1820. Practised law since 1845. Author HOT^T 459 of" Hist, of Va. to 1S47," 2 vols. 8vo, I84G-S; Lives of Guns. Mor;;an, Miirion, and (iates, pub. in 1847 in 1{. W. GiiswoKl's "Genemls of the Amer. Uevol. ; " " Grim. Trials," Kich- mond, 8vo, 1851. — Allibone. Howland, Jou.n, b. Newport, R.I., 31 Oct. 1757; d. Providence, R.I., 5 Nov. 1834. De- scended from John, a Pil^nim of 1620, an as- sist, and a leadinj; man of the Plym. Colony, who m. Elizab., dau. of Gov. Carver, and d. Kingston, Ms., 22 Feb. 1672, a. 80. John re- moved to Providence in 1770; served 13 mos. m the Revol. army; was 21 years pros, of the 11. I. Hist. Soc., and skilled in tlie history and antiquities of Plym. Colony. Author of seve- ral aildresses, orations, and hist, papers. — See Lifebii Reo. E. M. Stone, 1856. Howland, William Pearce, minister of inland rev. for the Dom. of Canala, b. N. Y. 29 May, 1811. Removed to Canada at an early ago, and became a l-vlii- in-n-hant. M. C. P. for the \Ve^t K : ■ V ; since 1858; member e.\ec. com i i, i: - , inniiee Mav, 1862-Mav, 186';, ^i . , ..,.., i,..,,i Oct. 136"; ; ic"-iv^T •%■•■. Mu, l.s,j.J-.\l.,i,;li, 1S64; anrl |. : 111 : ■ ■: ILMU Nov. 1864 to Oct. 186G. p: :! 1^. upon the union of the Provnirr, i.i 1,^1,1,, .111. I a liberal in politics. — Men u/lla- r.me. Hows, JoH.N \V. S., prof, of oratory in Col. Coll. since 1843, b. Loudon, Kng., 1797. Au- thor of "Shakspcarian Re.ider," 1846; "Prac- tical ElocutioniM," 1849; "Golden Loaves from the Amer. ami Brit. Poor-;, "2 vuls. 1SG4- 5; "Golden Leaves from lIi.' UriuMtio Pools." He edited the "Modern Standard Urania;" and was 7 years draraat. critic of the iV. Y. Al- bion. — Allibone. Hoyt, Be.njamin Thomas, educator, b. Boston, 18 Oct. 1820; d. Gioonoastle, Ind., 24 Mav, l'-'-,7 V,' ,1 r I -k:. Sun of the Rev. Bciij. l; , ■ ! - r i 111) Hoyt. Prin- cipal (il I . 11 :i : Ul'liilclown, Ct., and CUr.^' ,. Al. , - . . In.ni 1S4G to 1852; pros, ut ilr=ln,tin; •, I.i Mm,,!,,,,', and of the coll. for vouiu " ■ ■ ' oils, Ind., from 1852 t.. I , I . from 1858 to ISG.!; ami i -m i , i- :,,, <1 was prof, of hollo- ini - , , I '. ■ ; i I I Asbury U. A^ .1,1 -; : - ■ • '■ nal, pros, of tho ^' l' ■ '.< : ' A ■ • , . 1! • Upt. of SollOoU. I ■ m:i ; the ( is br Al- BEiiT 1Iai:i:hiis ol. .V E. IIis'. tind Geneal. iJw/., lioi-iMii ; I, 0, liir. Mji; Wosl. U. 1850. Adm. to llio lur l-^'ia; oitv .sulio. Portsmouth, N. H., 1857-8; and pres.'coin. council 1858; practised law in P. ; and was a paym. in the civil war, rank of major, and brev. lieut.-col. Hoyt, Gen. Epaphras, hist, and antiq. writer, b. Deerfield, Ms., Dec. 31, 1765; d. there Feb. 8, 1850. He devoted himself to perfecting the vol. militia system of the country. He pub. "Military Instructions;" "Cavalry Discipline," 1797 ; " Treatise on the Mi.itary Art," 1793; and "Antiquarian Researches," 1824 : besides which he left completed, with maps, for publication, a work to be entitled " Burgoyne's Campaigns ; " and had partly fini-bed a history of the French and Indian wars. He held many civil as well as military offices, among the latter that of maj.-gcn. in the Ms. militia ; and received an app. in the army under Gen. Washington, but deoliiied. Hoyt, JosKPH Gibson, LL,.I). (Dartm. Coll. 183;i), b. Dunbarton, N.H., 19 Jan. 1815; d. St. Louis Mo., 26 Nov. 1862. Y.C. 1840. Instr. ill math, and nat. philos. in Phillips Acad., L.xctor, N.IL, in 1841, ami continued a member of tlie faculty of that institution for 18 years; chancellor and prof, of Greek in Wash. U., St. Louis, from 1859 to his d. In 1845-6 he revised and enlarged Colton's Greek Reader. A vol. of his Miscellaneous Writings, Ad- dresses, Lectures, and Reviews, was pub. Bos- ton, 1863. A comniera. discourse by Prof. S. Waterhouse, del. in St. Louis 20 Jan. 1863, has also been pub. Hubbard, Henry, judge and Demoe. poli- tioian, b. Cliarlesiown, N.H., Mav 3, 1784; d. there June 5, 1857. Dartm. Coll. 1801'. He studied law and commenced practice in Chark's- town ; he was 1 1 years a member of the State logisl., and for some years speaker of the house; was jud-e of probate for Sullivan Co. 1827-9; M C. 1829-35, and speaker for a short time during the 23il Cong.; U.S. senator in 1835- 41; gov. of N.IL in 1842-3; and in 1846-9 U.S. assist, treas. in Boston. Hubbard, John, educator, b. Townsend, Ms,, Aug. 8, 1759; d. Hanover, N.H., Aug. 14, 1810. Dartm. Coll. 1785. He studied theology ; bocanie the preceptor of the New Ipswioh and Doorfiold Academies; was judge ot probate for Cheshiic Co. 1798-1802; and w.is i.iot. math, and nat. philos. at Dartm. Coll. 1804-10. He pub. an Oration, July 4, 1799; "Rudiments of (_;eogr.i|,hv," 1803; " Am. Rcador," 1808; " Kssav on Music." Hubbard, John, M.D. (V. of I'a. 1822), LL.U. (Wat. Coll. 18.->l), gov. of .Mo. 1850-3, b. Readticld, Me., Mar. 22, 1794 ; d. Hallowell, Me., Fob. 6, 1869. Dartm. Coll. 1816. He was a Democrat, and was a hearty supporter of the liquor prohibition act known as " The :^.I,ii;i.. I.i.>." Ho taught at Hallowoll Acad., '1 , J . ,;,. and ill Dinwiddle Co., Va., 2 : ,: ■.-nl uiidioino ill Dinwiiklie Co., \',i , 111 1 ---i; ivim.vod toll.illowo!linl830; ^ I! . iMi- in 1842-3; agent for the U.S il : 1 ilio N.E. States 1857-9; and it; I I 1.1 1 1 uiiimissioner under the Reciprocity I 1. i'\ « : il Great Britain. Hlibbard, Jonathan Hatch, many years judge of the Sup. Court of Vt., b. .^'eS; d. Windsor, Vt., Sept. 20, 1849. M.C. 1809-11. Hubbard, Joseph Stillman, astronomer, b. N. Haven, 7 Sept. 1823; d. there Aug. 16, 18G3. Y.C. 1843. He was in 1844 an assist, in the High School Observatory ; and was in 1845 app. prof of math, at the Naval Observa- tory at Washington, a po.st he filled until his death. ThevoUimesof Washington "Observa- tions "exhibit his great skill as an observer and a computer. He made valuable contributions to Gould's Astion. Journal, among them papers on Biela's Comet and on the Orbit of Egeria. The article " Telescope," in "The New Amer. Cyclopaedia," was from his pen. — Y. C. Ob. Heciyra. Hubbard, R. W., landscape-painter, b. Middletown, Ct., 18iG. He kept school untU UXTD 1836; entered the studio of Prof. Morse in 1838; iind was in Europe in 1840-1 ; has painted, among otlier works, " Afternoon in Autumn," " View on Lake Cluimplain," " MiinsKeld Mountain at Sundown," and '■ ShowLTv Day, Lake Geort;e." His pieces are renunkalile for liarmony of tone, simplicity of iiini, devotion to triuli, and a quiet but seri- ous feeling. Lake George, Lake Dunniore, and the Ct. River, have been his liivorite stud- ies- — Tuckerman. Hubbard, Samuel, LL.D. (H.U. 1842), jurist, b. Boston, June 2, 1785 ; d. there Dec. 24, 1847. Y.(_;. 1802. lie studied law, and practised at Biddeford, Me., from 1806 to 1810, when lie connicted himself in business at Bos- ton with Judge Jackson, his former legal tutor. His talents and character won for him a com- manding position at the bar. He was well acquainted with mercantile law. Judge of the Supreme Court of Ms. 1842-7. Hubbard, Samokl Dickinson, LL.D. (Wesl. U. 1854), postmaster-gen. 1852-3, b. Middletown, Ct., Aug. 10, 1799; d. there Oct. 8, 1855. V. C. 1819. He studied law, but, having a large property from his father, did not engage in practice, devoting bimseil chieflv to the numufae. business. He was a Whig'; M.C. in 1845-9. A contrib. to the various benevolent enterprises of the day. He was many years prcs. of tlie Middletown Bible So- ciety, and took a lively interest in public schools. Hubbard, William, clergyman and his- torian, b. Eiig. 1621 ; d. Ipswich, Sept. 14, 1704 H.U 1642. Son of Wm. of Ipswich and Boston, wIk. cainr from Lond. in 1635, d. 1670. He wa, ri,l, ,1 at IpMvieh 16 Nov. 1658, where he «a- M iir.l in |.is6 by John Dunton, who gives a i;uu(l a, .mint of his hospitality, aniia- bilitv,an,lar.|,M,.nnrnts, llr |,ub. " The Pres- ent .Sniirni \i\v lai-laiid," being a narrative of til.' ti.iiiMrs Mil, tip- In. bans iVom 1607 to 1677, i.i wlii.'b i, a. 1.1. .1 a iliMaiinse ab. the war with ill.' I'.'.pnit-, 4[.i, Ii'.77; "Memoirs of Maj.-d. n, l).ni-..n," li.st , and a number of Bcnii...... Il>. wi..n- a lli,(. of N. Eng., for whieli llie >S:atr paid liiiii X.'iO, and which was used by Matlier, Hutehinson, and other writers. The Ms. Hist. Soc. printed it in 1815: second ed., by VV. T. Harris, 1848. In 1688 he was temporary rector or pres. of H.U. His son Nathani'el wasa judgeof the Superior Court. Hudson, Charles, politician and hist, writer, b. Marlborough, Ms., Nov. U, 1795. Oi^l. 1819. M. A. of H.U. 1841. He was a teacher and a farm laborer, then a Universalist preacher ; member Ms. house of rep. 1 828-33 ; State senator 1833-9 ; councillor 1839-41 ; M.C. 1841-9; naval officer of Boston 1849-53. He edited llie Boston Dail,/ Atlas, a Whig daily paper, for some years; and has pub. '■Ui'st. ol Westminster," 1832; " Hist, of Marl- borough," 1S62; "Hist, of Lexington, Ms.," 1S68 ; " Letters to H. Ballon," 1827 ; Reply to Ballour's Essays," 1829; and "Doubts eon- eerning the Battle of Bunker's Hill," 12mo, 1857. Hudson, Henrv, an English discoverer, of whose parentage or education nothing is known. He was sent out in 1607 by some London merchants, in a small vessel, for the purpose of exploring a north-east passage to China and Japan. He sailed May 1 with a crew of only 10 men and a boy beside himself, and, proeeeiiiuL' beyond the 80th deg. of lat., re- tui.i 1 I . l.nj, in Sept. The ne.xt year, in a s. . , ii- landed at Nova Zembla, but ■ ..1 I i . . i.mhereastward. He under- t.i..l. Ill n.im a iliiiil voyage, under the patron- age of the Dutch E. I. Company. Being un- successful in his attempts to find a north-east passage, he sailed for Davis's Straits, but struck the continent of America in 44° N. lat., and, holding a southerly course, discovered Cape Cod, on which he landed. He then pursued his course to the Chesapeake, and, returning along the coast, entered the river now bearing his name, which he ascended ab. 50 leagues in a boat. His last voyage was undertaken in 1610, when he was fitted out by Sir Thomas Smith, Sir Dudley Digges, and other friends. He sailed April 17 in the bark "Discovery" witli a crew of 23 men, .and on the 4th of June came in sight of Greenland. Proceed- ing westward, he reached, in 60 degs. of lat., tli.j strait b.arinL; bis name. Tbrougb this 111-' a.iv.ia.'.'.l an. 11- the coast of Labrador, bi'!, -: ,.,,'.' i. u .1... '. iu . ^.'. ';.,..' ..u awn up Hudson^' ho"vev'e'r, btlLVup'b'is s'li'al lie 1. ;iiinate. lop for fur- ther discoveries; but unable to co unieate with the natives, or revietual his ship , wii til tears in his eyes he distrib. his little rcinai llill L' br,>ad to his men, and prepared to n-turii. II a\ in'.'u dissatisfied and mutinous cri'w, h.' illlll 1 n.l.'iit- ly threatened to set some or ih. m a^ ll.ll. he was seized by a body of llieiii at Ill;; lit, and set adrift in his own shallop with hi S SO n John and seven of the most infirm of tlu ! cri iw, and never afterwards beard of. A sm all Iiart of the I'lru-, alt.'r enduring incredible liai iMiips, arriv.'.l at riviii'.iitb in Septf IGll . 1 ludson pub. " l)u,'rs\-„va'_..'sand Nortb.' 111 ] Disi'ov- erics," lt;il7; " A .Second V.na.^.; l';';s"^ a Passage to tlie E. Indies by'ili.- X ..rll 1608. Accounts of some of bi^i.i!. ■ii\ aues have been pub. in Purelia-'- " I'll- -'11111-." "A Collection of Ducuin.i.'. .ln'4 a Monograph of the V.„i,. - ..i 1!. lli edited with an Intr...i , . , . .\.li.''r, was pub. in London 1 , ]l : : s.. il.tV 111 lSi9.-See J.M. /.',.-./-(,.,,'. ) //, s/. /iiijua II conrerninri Hudson, Svo, fsbb. Hudson, Hesrv Norman, clergyman and essayist, b. Cornwall, Vt., Jan. 28, 1 1814 \. Mid. Coll. 1840. He was brou-bt u|i a f arm er, and aftL'ruanl.l.'liv.i.il-.i... -Miillvin nianv places, and Hiiallv prim.. 1 in N V, 2 vols. 12mo. 1848. Enteriiig'tlie l.p. . Iim. li in 1844, he was ord. in 1849 to the pri.'^tlKHi.l. lie has since edited an edition of Sbakspcare, II vols. 12. mo, Bos- ton, 1850-7 ; for a short time edited the Church Moidhly, and contrib. to various periodicals. JrTXTD HXJ& Rector of the Epis. chuich in Litchfield, Ct., ill 1859-60. In the winter of 1860-1 he de- livered a new course of Shaksjicarian lectures in N.Y. and other cities. He is now a teacher in Boston. Durinij the civil war he was a chap- lain in the army. He pub. in 1865 " A Chap- lain's Campaign with Gen. Butler." Hudson, William S., capt. U.S.N., b. New York, May 11, 1794; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Oct. 15, 1862. Entering the navy Jan. 1, 1816, he became lieut. Apr. 28, 1826 ; com. Nov. 2, 1842; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; second in com. of Wilkes's exploring expcd. in IS.'iS, he com. the sloopof-war " Peacock " when lost by her pilot's carelessness on the rocks at the mouth of Columbia River; in 18.57 com. "The Niag- ara" in tlie first, and in 1858 in the second and successful effort at laying the Atlantic Cable. For this service he received from the Govts, of Great Britain and Russia several valuable gifts, Huger (u jee'), Ge!V. Benjamin, son of Col. if. K. Hu^or, h. Ch.irieston, S.C, 1806. West ri.iiit, 18l'5. Entering the 3d Art., he he- came capt. ot ordnance May 30, 1832, and chief of ordnance to Gen. Scott's army in Mexico in 1847-8 ; was brev. major for gallantry at Vera Cruz, lient.-col. for Molino del Rey, and col. for Chapnltepec; became m.ijor Feb. 15, 1855; resigned Apr. 22, 1861, and was made a Con- fed, brig.-gen. He was employed at Richmond and vicinilv ; led a division at Fair Oaks 31 May, and "at Malvern Hill 1 July, 1862; and com., with the rank of maj.-gen., at Norfolk, before its occupatinn by the Federal forces. May 10, 1862 For liis failure to hold that place he Huger, Francis Kisloch, d. Charleston, S.C, Feb. 15, 18.5.5, a. 81. Son of Col. Benj. Huger, who was killed before the lines of Charleston in 1780; and was the pujnl of the celebrated John Hunter. While at Vienna in 1798, he joined Dr. EricBollnian in an attempt to liberate Lafiiyette from the dungeons of Ol- mutz, — an enterprise that led to the protracted incarceration of the young patriots. The Mar- quis de Lafayette first landed on American soil, on the plantation of Huger's father, in 1777. In 1798, on his liberation, and return to his na- tive land, he was app. a capt. in the army. On the breaking-out of the war of 1812 lie was app. lieut.-col. 2d regt. ofart. ; adj -gen. (rank of col.) Apr. 6, 1813. Col. H. served in both branches of the S. C. legisl. Huger, Isaac, brig.-gen. Rcvol. army, b. Limerick plantation, S.C, Mar. 19, 1742"; d. Charleston, Nov. 1797. Of Huguenot descent. He was one of five patriot bros. distitig. in the struggle for independence, — Daniel, a delegate to Congress 1786-8, and a representative from 1789 to '93, d. 1799; John, well known in the councils of the State, of which he was sec, d. 1804; Francis, who was an officer at the bat- tle of Fort Moultrie, and Q. M. gen. Southern dept., d. Charleston, S. C, Aug. 1800; Maj. Bknjami - , who fell at the lines of Charleston May 11, 1780. Their parents were wealthy ; and the sons completed their education in Eu- rope. Isaac was an officer in the Cherokee ex- ped. in 1760 ; was made lieut.-col. 1st S.C. regt. June 17, 1775; and subsequently col. of the 5th regt. He opposed the invasion of Ga. by Camp- bell and I'revost, with whom he had several skirmishes, but was obliged to retreat before his skilful and superior enemy. App. brig.- gen. Jan. 19, 1779, he com. the 'left wing at the battle of Stono, June 20, 1779, and was wound- ed while gallantly leading his men. In the unsuccessful attack on Savannah, Huger led the Ga. and S. C. militia. During the siege ot Charleston, with a body of light troops he was employed in cutting off supplies to the ene- my, and keeping open the ( ... the town and country, but sufli;red a surprise at Monk's Corner, where his force was defeated and dispersed by Tarleton and Web- ster. He joined the army of Greene; com. the Virginians at the battle" of Gnillnrd, and was severely wounded; and .-.mii ilic n ht \>ingat Hobkirk's Hill, where hi, nl,,,!, i- ,, ,;,i„ the day exposed him to ilir ^irai.,.: ilaimns. He lied I l\w Hughes, Aaron K., capt. U.S.N. , b. N.Y. Oct. 20, 1821. Midshipm. Oct. 20, 1838; lieut. Sept. 9, 1853 ; com. Nov. 16, 1862 ; capt. Feb. 10, 1869 ; lighthouse iusp. 1867-8. While at- tached to "The Decatur" in Puget Sound, Wash. Terr., he had a fight on shore at the town of Seattle with 500 hostile Indians, whom he defeated Jan. 26, 1856. Com. steamer "Mo- hawk," S. Atl. block, squad., 1862-3; com. steamer " Cimmaron," S. Atl. block, sqnad., 1863-4; and in several engagements with reb- els on the Atlantic coast 1861-4. While in com. of steamer "Water Witch," in Nov. 1861, he endeavored to cut out a mI nw whicli had grounded near Fort Moigaii. but was prevent ed by the guns of the fort. Nov. 9, 1862, he accomp. an exped. which destroyed St iMary's, Ga., and drove out a large body of rebels con- cealed there. — Hamers/i/. Hughes, John, D.b., a Catholic prelate, b. County Tyrone, Ireland, 1797 ; d. N.Y. Citv, Jan. 3, 1864. The son of a respectable farme"r. He emig. to America in 1817. His Ihther placed him with a florist; hut he devoted his spare time to stii,li. and rntered the Theol. Sera, of Mt. Si. Man >, l^niinetsburg, Md., where he reinamr,! >, veral years, most of the time as a teacher. Oid. priest in 1825, and was settled in a parish in Phila. In 1830 and '34 he carried on public controversies with Rev. J. Breekenridge, both of which were pub. Con- sec. Jan. 7, 1838, coadjutor of Bishop Dubois of N.Y. ; upon the death of the latter, 1842, he succeeded to the office, and was made arch- bishop in 1850. llis first measures were di- the of property, tlau i. -tr,l in lay trustees. In 1839 he vi>iir,i I I, ,11,-, ,\,isiria, and Italy, to obtain pecuniary ai,i i,.,i his dioccse. Having pur- chased property at Ford ham in Westchester Co., he organized and opened there in 1841 the St. John's Coll. and the Theol. Sem. of St. Joseph. Hewas prominent in the efl^ort made by the Cath- olics to modify the existing school-system in their favor, and was successful. In A"ug. 1842 he held the first diocesan synod of N. Y. His "Rules tor the Administration of Churches without Trustees," pub. in 1845, embody the system adopted by this synod. Offered in 1846, by Pres. Polk, a special mission to Mexico, he Hues- 462 declined it. In 1847 he delivered in the Rep- resentalives Hall at \Vabliint,.| ii,„„l ,,t' Cliaiityat 22; and in 1846 wa-^i..- n mi- for 6 years. For the last 1 1 \,i. Ill' had' been direc- tor of the h" I . .;> .:, 1 -tiLct. During the war she was .kuvl ui .uuiiig the sanitary com- Hughes, Robert Ball, sculptor, b. Lon- don, Jan. 19, 1806; d. Boston, March 5, 1868. At the age of 12 he made out of wax-candle ends a bas-relief copy of a picture representing the wisdom of Solomon, which was afterward cast in silver. He was 7 j-ears in the studio of E. H. Bailey, where he successfully competed for the prizes awarded by the Royal Acad., gaining tlie large silver medal for the best copy in bas-relief of the Apollo Belvedere; also the silver medal of the Society of Arts and Sci- ences for a copy of the Barberini Faun; ihe large silver medal for the best original moilel from life; and a gold medal for an original composition, "Pandora brought by Mercury to Epiuiethcus." He next made busts of George IV., the Dukes of Sussex, York, and Cambridge, besides a statuette of George IV., which was subsequently cast in bronze. He emig. in 1829 to New York. His first work of importance was the marble statue of Ham- ilton, which was destroyed by fire in 1833, and was the first work of its cl.ass executed in Amer- ica. In Trinity Chuic-li, N.Y., is bis monu- mental alto-relief of life-size in memorv of Bislii.p Ilohai-t. In the Boston Athcnajuni are his CK- of • I.irtl,. Nell," and the group "Un- cle T.iiiv iuil WmIow Wadman." A statue of '■ ( ili\ I ; r« i>t " I, in the coll. of his early pa- tron, ihe 111- \)'\lr of Devonshire. Among his other wimI,- m :i m p 1. I for an equestrian statue of W.i: : i ' ■>! for the citv of Phila.; a "I 1 , I ,, statue of Nathl. Bowditc-h in tu 11/ 111 \li .Viiiiurn Cemetery, Cambrid^-e, .Ms. ; a spniied statuette of Gen. Wairen ; and a bust of W. Irving. Mr. Hughes appeared lor a season as a lecturer upon art. He was lor some years a resident of Dorches- ter, Ms. Hull. Isaac, commo. U. S. N., b. Derby, Ct., 9 .\Iar. 1775; d. Phila. 13 Feb. 1843. Joseph his father, a Revol. ofiicer, long an in- mate of the Jersey prison-ship, d. Jan. 1826, a. 75. Isaac entered the mercli ant-service, and at 19 com. a ship which sailed to Lond Made a lieut. in the U.S.N. 9 Mar. 1798; master- comdt. 18 May, 1804; and capt. 23 Apr. 1806. In 1800, while 1st lieut. of " The Constitution," he manned a small sloop from that vessel ; ran into Port Platte, Hayti, at noonday; boarded and took a French letter-of-marque; and then landed, and spiked the guns of the battery before the com. officer could prepare for defence. He also disting. himself before Tripoli, on the coast of Barbary, in the exped. of Gen. Eaton against Algiers, and in the Bay of Naples, protecting American shipping against an apprehended onslaught of the French. 12 July, 1812, he sailed in com. of " The Constitution " from Annapolis, and, after a 3 d.ays' chase by a British squad., escaped by skilful seamanship. The wind was light and baffling ; and Hull resorted to the novel and successful expedient of sending his boats ahead with a kedge, to which the ship was warped up ; the kedge then being weighed while another was carried out. In this way, he left his pursuers before they discovered how it was done. Aug. 19 he encountered and captured the British frigate " Guerriere " alter an action at close quarters of about half an hour. She was so much injured, that she was burned. For this capture, the first in the war. Com. Hull received from Congress a gold medal. He was subsequently a naval commis- sioner; com. the navv-vards at Boston, Ports- month, and Washington ; and in Oct. 1842 took up his residence in I'hila. Hull, Capt. John, goldsmith, b. Market HarchorouL'b, Leicestershire, Eng., 18 Dec. 1624; d. Boston 1 Oct. 1682. Robert his fa- ther arrived at Boston 28 Sept. 1633. App. niintmaster of tlie Ms. Colonv 10 June, 1652 ; town treas. 1660-1 ; capt. Art. Co. 1671 ; dep. to Gi'ii. Court 1669, '71-3; treas. of the Colo- ny 1675-80; assist. 1680-2. His " Diary and Memoirs " are in " Amer. Antiq. Soc. Colls." Hull, Joseph B., commo. U.S.N., b. West- chi~trr, N Y. Midship. Nov 9, 1813; lieut. Jan 1.!, Is-_'.t; rnni Sept. 8. 1841; capt. Sept. 14, isi.-; ,, ,1, lino. .Iulvl6, 1862; light-h. insp. Ist ill-t. (Ill l.'i, 1869. Com. sloop "War- can ;;iin-liriu' " .Malrk .\clhel," olf Mazatlan, and coin, ih-- norihcrn di-i, of I'al, (or a short rii II 1 i I- ■■ ^- Lawrence, " Brazil squad. and r,i , Isri6-9; andeom. tlie Savan- ni!i' .1-1 '' ' ' il.', .lune-Sept. 1861 ; superint. hiii.iiiij i: _i,ir.oats at St. Louis 1862-4; renreil lit Dee. l»6l. — fjamersli;. Hull, Gen. William, b. Derby, Ct., Jnne 24, 1753; d. Newton, Ms., Nov. 29. 1825. Y.C. 1772. He studied divinity a year; then became a student at the Lirrliii. ' I T. i v S. 'mul ; was adm. to the bar in 177,"i ; lii.. capt. in Webb's regt.. joineil il i m- bridge. Hull was at l>o,, :,,.-, , li. i,ni-, ■ White Plains, Trenton, and I'nneoion. where he was promoted to a majority ; at Ticondero- ga ; the surrender of Burgoyne ; at .Monmouth and Stony Point; lieut. -col. in 1779; was an inspector under Baron Steuhen ; a col. in the capture of Cornwallis ; and was sent on a mis- sion to Quebec to demand the surrender of 463 Niagara, Detroit, and several smaller farts. He com. the e.xped. against Morrisaiiia in Jan. 1781, lor which he received the thanks of Waihinjjton and of Con>i;ress. After the war, he practised law with r(]]Utation in Newton, in the Ms.' huu^J aii.l ,m;i.,u " M;ij -cm. Ms. the left win- of GciLLmclLi's tiuops[ and, by a forced march tlirough .1 vioknt snow-storm, surprised the insurgents in their camp, who fled in every direction. In 1793 hewasacom- miss. to U.' Canada to treat wiih the Indians. In 1798 lie visiicd Europe; and on his return was app. judge; ol C.C P. ; was elected to the State senate;' and from 1805 to 1814 was gov. of Micliigan Terr. App. brig. -gen. and com. of ihe North-west army, he surrendered De- troit, Aug. 15, 1812, to the British general Brock, and was in 1814 condemned by court- martial for cowardice, and sentenced to be shot, but was pardoned by Pres. Madison on account of his Kevol. services. In 1824 Hull pub. " Campaign of the North-west Arinv, 1812," in a series of letters in .l.-fpi.re of his conduct; and in lsi>< li;~ d mi , M:s M ina Campbell of Ga.inid hi, ^ , n,.| -n, Krv. .Iniih', Freeman Clarkr, |.;J. In - I.m,.:i i|,lii . .Mici- a critical cxnniiiuiih h - I ili ■ '. i'm^ r.i:.e, ilie lat- exanii I,lir,,,ii, 1 , , ., ul absurd. He pub. ailririir, ni- :,i-,i. and an oration before llie ( ■liKiiinnli, .linv 4, 1 ;SS. Humbert (imn l.ai. ), Jo.skpu Amable, a FieiKli -<■„., Ik llmivcrgne, Nov. 25, 1755; d. N. Urk-ans, .Jan. 2, 182.-<. Gen. of brig. Apr. 1794 ; served in the Army of the West; gen. of division in 1798, be coin, the advanced guard of the army destined to make a descent on Ireland. A storm dispersed the fleet; but Humbert, with ab. 1,500 men, landedat Killala, and, after some successes, was attacked, and forced to capitulate, by I>ord Cornwallis, Sept. 8. He served in the Army of the Danube, and was wounded, in 1799; in the cxped. to St. Domingo in 1802, where he disting. himself greatly. Incurring the displeasure of Napo- leon, he came to the U.S. in 1812, and served under Jackson, wlien N. 1 )r in \\ :- ium ! ■ I by British Ibrce, as major I' 11 ili h n until Apr. 1815. On tlie n n i 1 1 "-, 1 . colonies, he formed at N. 1 >i ; ;.i- n > ^i j' "t nii 2,000 men of all nations, and juiiud the insur- gents. Successes were followed by disasters; and Humbert was obliged to return to N. Or- leans, where he d. in poverty. Humboldt, von, Friedrich Heinrich Alex.\nder, baron, an illustrious traveller and naturalist, b. Berlin, Prussia, 14 Sept. 1769 ; d. llKiv C .Mav, 18:>9. His faiher was as far as possible by water, penetrating by land to Quito; in June, 1802, they ascended Chimborazo to a point 19,000 feet or more above the level of the sea, the highest point of the Andes ever reached bv man ; passed nearly a year in Mexico ; ami. nit 1 vinnuL' ilir U.S., returned to Europe «i mnis of plants, animals, and njn ' M jm nt ab. 20 years in Paris, digvMin- mi. I ,, mii^hingthe results of his observations in a " Junnicy to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent," 3 vols. ; " Astronomical Observations," &c., 2 vols. 1808-10 ; " View of the Cordilleras," &e., 1810; "Observations on Zotilogy and Comparative Anatomy ; " " Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain," 2 vols. 1811 ; and " fJeneral Physics and Geology." His great wmk, " Kosnios," was undertaken when be was 74 years old (1845-r)8). An English translation ut his "Personal Narrative of Travels " was made by Helen JIaria Williams, 5 vols. 1814-21. In 1810 he was chosen a member of the French Institute. In 1826 he removed to Berlin ; received the title of coun- oillnr; an.l l.rtwp.'n l«^0:,n'l I 848 was sent to I'm- -n -■'' ' :i '- 'l -' inns. In 1829, nil I I ;, , ,1 I I; ,. , ■ made a scientific exhl.niii.. \-i. i- one of the 6 original purehasersot Ms., .\lar. 19, 1628, from the Council of Plymouth ; treasurer of the comp., and one of the most influential in prumotiiiL; the settlement of the Colony; was -Ii.. . .1 .1 |,.i;ov. of the Ms. Co. at their second Ml : I In,', and came to N. Eng. in 1634 ii I , I. inly Susan, dau. of the Earl of Lin. Mill, iiiil uitli iheir 6 children went to re- side at Suainpseott. He was an assist, from 1632 to 1641, and first maj.-gen. of the Colony 1641. In 1636, with Capt. Nathl. Turner, he laid out the bounds of Ipswich. He returned to Eng. with bis wile, Oct. 26, 1641. Humming-Bii'd, a Choctaw chief; d. Nashville, Tnnii , Dee. 23, 1827, a. 75. He was frienillv to the I .S., and knight on its side in iiinnv l.iitlr> :i._. Ml,. I il... 1-, ,1 II. He led 60 \\,MriMr, in Ml. ■. i..' \\'a\ no and Scott in 1790; and was made director-gen. of the mines of Anspach andBaireuth in 1792. From June, 1799, to July, 1804, he explored with Bonpland the northern part of S. Amer., es- pecially the countries drained by the Orinoco and the Piio Negro ; ascended the Magdalena a-iiin:-t Ihe I i.rl,., nii.l LiMi-h Ills commis- sion and silver medal, re.eived from Washing- ton, were buried in bis coffin. Humphrey, Charles, Rcvol. patriot, b. Havcrford, Pa., ab. 1712; d. there 1786. He was brought up in the miUing-busines.s, in which he was long and extensively engaged. A member of the Prov. Assembly if 64-75, and 464 Enrs- of CongreM in 17:5-6. In ihat bodv, iboii»)i he opposed the oppressn-e measores'of Great Bhtain, be Toied against tbe DecL of Indep. He vas a man of ioiegritT, and a feacemaka for his neishtorbood. — Sxiti'i Ud. Co. Humphrey, Hzmax, D.D. (Mid. CoH. 1S23). dirinc b. Wen SimsbnrT. Ci., Mar. 26, ir:9; d.PiaifieM,>U.,Apr.3,lS61. T.C.1803. He taoghi scbooi fivim tbe age of 16; studied th«)l<^7 under Pres. Dwighi ; was minister of tbe Cong, chuicb in FaitSeld from Apr. 1807 to I8I7 ;~'iras pastor of tbe cfaorcb in Fittsfield from ISir to 1833; and pres. of Amh. CoU. Irom Oct. 1823 to 1843. For 50 years he was a contrib. to periodicals, among ibem il* Ptao- piisi and Ciristia Specfakr. He pub. a Tt>I. of prize essays on the Sabbath. 13.30; " Tonr in Freoce, Great Britain, and Belgiom," 2 toIs. IS-SS; ■' Domestic Edncaiion," 1840; "Leners to a Son in the Mini-trr," 1845; '•LiJe and Writings of Prof. S. W.'Fiske," IS50; "Lire and Writings of T. H- Gallaudet," 1857; " Sketches of the History of ReriTals," 1859. A coil, of his addr^;^ and lerieirs has been pab., and a voL of " KeviTal ConTCisations." Dr. H. wss one of the pioneers in tbe ttrmper- ance reformation. In 1810 be preached 6 ser- mons on intemperaiHX : and in 1813 drew op a report to the Faiitieid Consociation, betieTed to hare been tbe first tract pubL on that so* jeci. His son J.otE5, b. FairBeI4 Ct., Oct. 9, 181 1, d. Brooklyn, S.T.. June 16, IS66. Amh. CoU. 1831. He studied law in X. Haven, and prac- tised with distinction at Lonisriile and X. Tort He held variotis civic offices in S.T., and was M.C. in 1S3S-60 and 1S64-6. Hmnphreys, Asdrbw aikissos, LL-D. {H.C. lSCS„brig.-gen. U.S.A.,b.Pa.ab. ISli West Point, 1831. Entering tbe 2d Art, be was assist, prcrfl of eng. at West Poini until Apr. 1 832; disnng. himself in conflict with the Fla. Indians, Joik 9 ; became 1st iiest. in Aug.; and resigned Sept. 30. 1S6. Aj^ 1st lieot. top<«. engrs. Jidy 7, IS-SS ; assU:. in :he coast survey ftom 1S43 to 1>4;-: :_•. :. M.'. 1848; and" in Aug. 1853 tc;k _ . <^ce of explorations and sc— r. - dept; major. Aug. 6,1861: c:: r. :; :r.r staff of G«i. McClellan as aide-de-camp. Mar. 5, 1862 ; brig.-gen. c. ; and was OIK a( the first to introdoce merino sheep into this conntry. He established an extenave woollen and cotton foctory in his native town. In 1S12 be took con». of the militia of Ct. : and as a member of tbe legist was active in organ- izing for the local defence. Tbe most impor- tant of his poetical productions are "An Address to the Armies of the U.S.," 1782, trans, into French by Cbastellux; on" Tbe Future Giory ofiheU.S. :" on "The Love of Country; "and on" Tbe Deathof Washington." Healsowrote " The Li!e of Putnam," 179S ; " The Widow of lialahar," a trag>edy from ihe French, 1 790 ; and varioos political tracts. A collection of his wri:ings was pob-in S.T., Svo, 1790and 1804. M , ~ " ., - : :" :>'; At-.d. of Arts and Sciences, of - S 2Dd of the Roy. SocofLond. Hvncphreys, Rev. Hector, b. Canton, < :.. •/-'" -. .7:^7; d. Annapolis, Md., Jan. 25, 1SJ7. T. C. 1S18. He took orders in tbe Ep. Chnrch, but soon after was app, prt>f. of ancient iansuages in Wa=h. ( trow 1 rinirv) Coll., Hartford. Pres. of St. John's CoU-, Ar»- nap., 1S3I-57. Humpton, Coi_ Richaeb, a Revol. offi- cer, b. Yorkshire. Eng., ah. 1 733 : d. Chester Co., Pa-, Dec 21, IS04- AcapLin the Brit, army, he disting. himself in tbe attack on St. Ma^o ; and, while sratioaed in tbe W. Indies, resigned, and came to Pa., fixing his residence on one of tbe upper branches of tbe Snsqnebanna. During tbe Revol- be com. the 2d Pa. regt., and h»i a boi^e ^ot under him at the Bian- dywine. After tbe peace be settled on a farm, and held unul his deaifa the post of adj.-gea. of militia. — Bist. ilag^ v. 20. Hnngerfoni. Ges. Johs P. ; d. Twiford, Wesnnc.nrland Co.. Ta., Dec 21, 1S33, a. 74. Revol officer: M.C. 181-3-17; and brig.-gen. of Va. milida on the Potomac in 1814 ; comg. in support of Com. Porter's art. at the White House in Sept of that year. Hxnsr 465 Hunt, Edwakd B., soldier and inventor, b. N. Y. 1822; killed 2 Oct. 1863, at Brook- lyn, N. Y., while experimenting with his " sea miner," for firing under water. West Point, 184.5. Entering the engr. corps, he was a,ssist. prof, at West Point 1846-9 ; capt. 1 July, I8.'59; maj. 3 Mar. 1863; chief cngr., dcpt. of the Shenandoah, Va., Apr. 1862 ; and sub- sequenily employed at Ft. Trumbull, Ct., and deleiices of New-Haven harbor. — CulUiin. Hunti Freeman, editor, b. Qnincy, Ms., Mar. 21, 1804; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Mar. 2, 1858 His early educational advantages were few; but lie entered a printing-office in Boston at the age of 12. After the expiration of his appren- ticeship he established the Ladles' Mag., edited by Mrs. Sarah Josepha Hale ; then commenced the republication of the Penny Muff. ; con- nected him.self with the Bewick Company, an assoc. of authors, artists, printers, and book- binders, as tlu- mannsjinu' din-ctor. dlirin? which lllnr I,-. ,,:..i... IrJ ami r.lilr I llir J,,„,,- Can M<:" I'r ,..;,..:, I ■ II ■ \'i .:.•!• , and iSki ;• . I ,. i ■ • i ■ i i . •• i , : i. ■ Selected," 2 vols. 12mo. liemoviiig to N.Y. in 1831, he established a weekly paper, the Traveller; brought out a Comprehensive Atlas in 1834 ; and pub. a vol. of " Letters about the Hudson "in 1836. In 1837 he projected the Merclianl's Mag., which first appeared in July, 1839. It was coniUictcd with ability; and the 38 vols, edited by him constitute a valuable repository of commercial, agricultural, and oth- er statistics. In 1845 he pub. the first vol. of " The Library of Commerce ; " and in 1856-7 " The Lives of American Merchants," 2 vols. 8vo. His last work was " Wealth and Worth, a Collection of Morals, Maxims, and Miscel- lanies lor Merchants." Hunt, Henry Jacksox, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ohio ab. 1821. West Point, 1839. Entering the 2d Art., he became 1st licut. June 18, 1846 ; brev. capt. for gallantry atContrcras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, and major for Chapultepee, Sept. 13, 1847; disting. in the assault on Molino del Rcy, where he was wounded; capt. Si'pt. 28, 1852; maj. (5th Art.) May 14, 1861 ; aide to Gen. McClellan (rank of col.) Sept. 28, 1861; brig.-gen. vols. Sept. 15, 1862; licnt.-col. (3d Art.) Aug. 1, 1863; col. (5th Art.) Apr. 4, 1869; brev. maj.-gen. Mar. 13, 1865. He was engaged at Bull Hun in com. of the art. on extreme left; com. re- serve art. in Peninsular campaign, and engaged at Yorktown, Gaines's Mill, and Malvern Hill; chief of art. Army of Potomac ; engaged at South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg (for which brev. col.) ; operations at Mine Run ; battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and Cold Harbor ; siege of Petersburg, participating in the vari- ous assaults of the enemy's lines; and in the pursuit and capture of Lee's army, 9 Apr. 1865; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 ilar. 1865, for merit, services at Petersburg and the cam- paign ending in Lee's surrender. — Citllwn. Hunt, Jedediah, merchant at Chile, Cler- mont Co., 0., b. Candor, Tioga Co., N.Y., 28 Dec. 1815. Pub. " The Cortage Maid, a Tale in Rhyme," 8vo, Cincin. 1847; and has con- trib. to magazines and journals. — See Poets and Poelrij if the West. Hunti Richard Morri3, architect, b. Brattleborough, Vt., 31 Oct. 1829. Educated at the Boston High School. In 1842 he went to Europe and studied architecture, subse- quently visiting Egypt. He was app. inspector at the Louvie, Paris ; was a member of the jury on architecture at the Paris Exposition; and now resides in New York. — Thomas. Hunt, Thomas, col. U.S.A., b. Ms. ; d. Belle Fontaine, La., Aug. 18, 1808, a. ab. 50. He entered the Revol. army as a jirivate; at the close of the war was a capt. ; and afterward served under Wayne against the Western In- dians; capt. 2(1 Inf. Mar. 4, 1791; maj. 2d sub legion, Feb. 1793; 1st Inf. Nov. 1796; lieut.- col. Apr. 1802; col. Apr. 11, \S03.— Gard- Olli.ili., L'(l Malrli, 1-1,7, 111' i.iin;.;rtcil his [■'■,: .11,-1 .;, ■ !■. I',, : , I . I a irlire at I , ■■■■.,! ii.- ■ i ' ! . :illd in 1; J- al.d 'Ju uuii dulii'-iaau !-, la, iuccessful ticatmcnt uf cholera. Komoving to N. Orleans in 1833, he was a founder of the La. Med. Coll., and prof of anatomy and physiol. until 1862; its pros, in 1865-7. He was specially skilful in the treatment of yellow-fever. Hunt, Thomas Sterry, chemist, mineral- ogist, and geologist, b. Norwich, Ct., Sept. 5, 1826. He first studied medicine, but in 1845 studied chemistry with Prof. Silliman at Y.C., where ho was subsequently chemical assist. After two years' study, he accepted the post of chemist and mineral, to the geol, commiss. for the survey of Canada. Besides his numerous contribs. to the Journal of Science, and to the London Philos. Mag., the Royal Society, the French Academy of Sciences, &c., he has con- trib. to the Reports of the Geol. Survey of Cana- da for many years. He is also the author of a summarv of organic chemistry, forming a part of Prof.'Silliman's "First Principles of Chem- istry." Mr. Hunt was one of the English niouihers of the international jury at the Great Exhibition at Paris in 1855, and was decorated by Napoleon III. with the Cross of the Legion of Honor ; prof of chemistry in the U. of Quebec. In 1854 he received the hon. deg. of A.M. from H.U., and in 1857 that of doctor of science from Quebec. He is a member of various learned bodies; and in 1859 was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Lon- don. Hunt, Washington, politician, b. Wind- ham, N.Y., Aug. 5, 1811 ; d. New York, Feb. 2, 1867. Adm. to the bar at Lockport in 1834; app. first judge of Niagara Co. in 1836; M.C. 184.3-9, serving as chairman of the com. on commerce; comptroller of N.Y. 1849; gov. of N.Y. 1851-3. When the Whig party gave way to the Repuh., Hunt, who was one of the leaders of the conservative wing, became a Democrat, and in 1864 a delegate to the Chi- cago convention. Hunt, William Gibbes, journalist, d. Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 13, 1833. H.U. 1810. He was from Boston. Edited the Western Mon- iVorand the W eslian Iievieu.;s,nA in 1825 removed 466 from Lox intrton , Kv., to Nasliville, where he CMuMl^hc ,1 III,.. f!,„mer. He was a vi-orous liuut. 'W i", 'i! lAM Morris, paintei ', b. Brat- tic!. Ml, mi:; Ii, Vt., M.ir. 31, 1824. Hi 3 entered II. U. 1841 1, but wunt to Europe heforc the com- piction of the 00 urse, on account of liis health. In 1840 SI udiud i sculpture in the acad. at Dus- seUloif; CI nd in 184S became a pupil of Con- tiirc ; ^iiii ■0 wliicli time hi! has lolli awed ilie pn,f.s»iun of a ,,ain,.-,-. Ik- coiitrii .. to the annual ex hiliitic.i i,.inri,ris,ln,mlS5-J to 18.'.5 ; will. 11 lie ITtlll 1 U..I li) till. U.S.. a. 1.1 estab- llVM.i 1,,- IT.i.l II... :i: N •.^i....:, IJ [. His '• Child sellm- Violets," "J and " Bn-le-Call." ■f r J S ? Hunter, Uatib, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., a lieut. .Tune 18, 177.) ^^.-^ ^ ..^ Washington, D.C., .Tulv 21, |.r. ...:, ,,i llai !...r IMI. The taihi ,Ml ,-; 1 ..:\ •, ■•: 1, 1 ■ .lii!i.-- w .a.' considerabu l»>VL-,,vi a' -i i: ■;. r '111.' .1, was framed" by Mr. lluiu. i in: .• -.•- -,...1 1.1 1857-8 lie advocated tlir .,::-- . 1 1\ iii-a< under the Lecoinptoii Con~: ,a,.l .1 a. a member of the com. ot ciiiii. win .11 1. liiiltiai the "English hill." He d^ iiv, iv. 1 an ..ration at Richmond, Feb. 22, 18:.s, at ll le inau^^ of Crawford's statne of \Vashm;;tn„ I. Jan. .31, 1861), Mr. Hunter made in li.e sei late an elab- crate speech in dclcnec of siaver\ •, and of the right of the slaveholder to carry h'i s slaves into tlie Territories. Exiielled in j„I> •, 18GI. He became see. of stale to tlir Cnuf; afterward member of the ( \ n i : . 1 ( Hunter, William, I.I.D ] r.: ,''<■ and statesina.i, h. Newpo.t, ^^.^ -<■ i: Dec. 3, IM^ C;.. a r 1- .; -.-, ..■ l: Wm.,:Mi.' , ,.■,■. . -...' , , ... 1 I 7 1 - 77), wl... . . \ . . , ., Icetur.-, ,. , ■ He stu, , ;.■ „■, ., :, ^ 1 ■■!. ,n .1 • , Hunter ;.; 1 _ fUssion .: .\ ..:,.: . 1 •, ;.nl - 1 :,■ return Imhp', ,;• i ■••,_. >i'_ i ■ I a : praeiireia N «iu,:;, v,„. Mr i:. U.S.senain,-,,, l-ll-_-i. M,-.,,. ''rL-L'',\:l aeqili.itairi nr la and ..II III- \ 1,. ( \, ;,; ,,.- Huntington, Daniel, painrer, h. New York, Oct. U, 1816. Grandsonof Judge Benj.; son of Bfnj., a N. Y. broker, who d. 3 Aug. 1850, a. 73. His taste for painting is said to h.-u-e been first excited by a visit to the studio of Trumbull, who decidedly discouraged the viiiing a-ipirant. While a student at Ham. "('(,11., NY., he received from Elliott the por- trair p.ainri. , a strong bias for his art, and, with iinpl' III. Ill- borrowed from him, took likenesses (ll lii^ . .ill...,'e-coinpanions, and al.-^o painted M.iii. iiiinic pi,.(rs. Entering the sindio of I'li.i ,\l..iM III l'^;5. be piodiiced " The Bar- 1. I'.. i:m I. Ill," " .V Toper Asleep," i&c. In the HihUoii lii-hlands. In 1839 be weiit to Europe, and in Florence painted "The Svbil " and " The Fldreiitiiie Girl." Removing to Rome soon altrr, lie painted "The Sliepherd- Boy " aid ■■ 1^.11 Iv (.'hrisiian Prisoners." Re- tuniiiiu I.. Xi (V I'.iik, he was long employed alinc-t \\ :i..:iv iip..ii portraits, his only compo- sili.ni-i i.l i,ii|...i tan. (■ being " Mcrev's Dream," and ■•('liMsiiuia ;,ii,I her riiil.Iien," IVom the •■ril-iini's I'H.ni,-,." (■.,i„,.,.;i..l l.v inflam- ion of turned e>ided. Some II. and at the Death- practice at the i.,i . : when he was tiip . . . I: 1845. Hunter, William M., capt. U. S. N. Pbila. Mar. 5, 1849, a. 56. Midshipm. Jan 18U9: lieut. Julv21, ISl.i; eummand. JIar " The Cy- j ; and p: Hlintington.Bi.N.iAMiN, LL D., jurist, b. Norwich^ Ct., Apr. 19, 1736; d. there Oct. 16, He practised law in bis ler ot tlie font. Con- aJ of ty F,„„ll,j, I.,/ l;,v. E. B. l/imiu.^ Huntington, Rev. Daniel, poet, b. Nor- wicli, Ct., Oct. 17, 1788 ; d. N. Lond. Mav 21, 1858. Y. C. I8U7. Son of Gen. Jedediah. Pastor of the Cong. Ch. at North Bridgewater, Ms., from Get. 1812 to 1832; then taught a resumed his i.a^ioril otli .■ at N fJiidgewater. Author of "Kill ; ■•• , . . m .Icliv. at B.U. Au.g.31, 1819; a I; : ; .; ■'Triumphs of Faith," del. .X.;; . ;. ,. .-- |.t. 21, 1830; and Memorial of lii» d.m., il.iiv Ilallairi. He Wylli-'-i.-i ; .a],i i.l ,Ii,.ie, I77r, : alierward bii-.i 'nil iin.l. 1 I .. II. Parsons, and dep. adj.- g(ii til . I ; ,.■ Hudson River; maj. in C(.l V, III 1777; com. that regt. in R. 1 II i::^ - ..-.d. June, 1778; com. a bati- .1 I. Ii; I [.- at Yorktown; and was a vol. aii|.' i.ii.n I, inc.. In until the close of the sir-e 11. ua- iiii I. ■ a gen. of State militia in 179l' ; «.i, iiaiiiril a l.tig.-gen. by Washington in 1799, when a war with France seemed im- minent; and was a M.C. 1810-11 and 1817- 19. He was also a member of the State legisl., and was one of the best disciplinarians in the army. — IJiiiifiiii/ton dcmal. Huntington, Elisha, M. D., phvsician, h. TopsHeld, JIs., Apr. 9, 1796; d. Lowell, Ms., Dec. 10, 1865. Dartm. Coll. 1815; Yale Med. School, 1823. Son of Rev. Asabel, min. of Topsfield. He practised in Lowell with great success ; was 8 years mayor of that city ; and lieut.-gov. of Ms', in 1853. He pub. inaugural addresses and a Memoir of Prof. Elisha Bart- lett, M D. At one time, pres. Ms. lUed. Soc. Huntington, Frederic Dav, D. D. (Amh. Coll. 1855), clergyman and scholar, b. Hxnsr HUR Hadley, Ms., May 28, 1819. Amh. Coll. 18.39 ; Climb. Div. School, 1842. (His father. Rev. Dan, d. Hailley, Oct. 31, 1864, a. 90. Y.C. 1794. He preiuhed at LitcliKeld, and after- wanl ;U Mia.lieiown, Ct. In 1857 he pub. a Tol. lit ■ IV I -.iiial Memoh-s.") Pastor of the Soiuli Coil-, Chinch, Boston, 1842-Scpt. 4, 18.5;'). wluin he \\a> inaug. preacher to the U., and Pliinimer Prof, of Christ. Morals. For- merlya Unitarian, he withdrew from that body; Sept. 1859 took orders in the Ep. Cliurch, and officiated in the Emannel Church, Boston, un- til consec. bishop of Central N.Y. 8 Apr. 1869. For the usual alternoon preaching in the Coll. Chapel he substituted a service formed from those in use in the principal branches of the Christian Church, with some novel and ori^-i- nal additions. He has contrib. to the various mi.scclliinies and reviews of the day ; has pub. many sermons and addresses; also a vol. of " Sermons for the People," which reached 6 editions; " Sermons on Christian Living and Believing," 1860; a vol. of lectures delivered before the Institutes of Brooklyn and Lowell, on " Human Society," 8vo, 1860 ; " Lessons on the Parables." In Jan. 1861 he established with Di-. G. M. Randall the Chnrcli Mont/di/. Huntington, Gen. Jabez, b. Norwich, Ct., Aug. 7, 1719 ; d. there Oct. 5, 1786. Y.C. 1741. Engaging in the W. India trade, he amassed an ample fortune. From 1 750 he was often a member of the legisl., frequently pre- siilingovcr that boily, and also a member of the council. He owned a large amount of shi]ipiTig at the beginnini; of the Revol. ; was active on the eom "T -^iil.'iv il'iriirj; \hf wiir ; and from Sr|ir I"', m i - ' -'li- Smi- militia. Ili^ l: ■ i i : ■ ; - ■, mil his licavy I. .v., ,, ii,ij,,i i,,, |,,., -i. ,il and JJ„ lli^ J sons, Jcdediah became w a commissary, and Joshua in tlie Continental army. — Huntington, Jabez Williams, jurist and senator, b. Norwich, Ct., Nov. 8. 1788 ; d. Nov. 1,1847. YC. 1806. Son of Gen. Z.achariah. He )iractised law in LiichHeld ; was a member of the Assembly in 1829 ; M.C. 1829-34, when he removed to Norwich, and became a judge of the Superior Court and of the Court of Errors ; U.S. .senator from 1840 to his death. Huntington, Ges. Jededi ah, b. Norwich, Ct., Aug. 4, 1743; d. N. London, Sept. 25, 1818. H.U. ne.-J. Son of Jabez. Engaged iai pursuits. An ac- uf Libert of milll I ; pro- moted to com. of a reu't. ; joined the army at Caml.iiil-e, Aj.r. 26, 177.); aided to repulse the Britisli at Danbury in Apr. 1776; made biig.-gen. May 12, 1777 ; joined the main ar- my near Phila. in Sept ; in Mav, 1778. ordered lo tiie Hudson River. In the court-martial which tried fjcc for misconduct at Monmouth, and in the court to try Maj. Andre. At the clo-e of the war, brcv. maj. -gen. Resuming business, he was successively sheriff of the Co., State treas., delegate to the con v. to adopt the Federal Const. ; app. coll. of customs at N". Lon- don (1789), which office he retained during 4 administrations. His first wife was Faith, dan. of Gov. Trumbull. He was one of the first Board of Fiueign Missions, and a zealous sup- porter of charitable institutions. Huntington, Jedediah Vincent (bro. of D.iiiirl), auihur, I,. N.Y. Citv, Jan. 20, 1815; d. I'.iu, S.iuil.rin Fiance, Mar. 10, 1862. N.Y. r 1-;-.. .Ml) (LI. of Pa.) 1838. Hedevoted liiniM 11 to lileiature; was for a time prof of mental philos. in St. Paul's Coll., near Flush- ing, L.I.; was ord. in the Prot.-Epis. Church in 1841 ; and was pastor of a church in Mid- dlebnry, Vt. The years 1846-9 wore spent in Europe. He pub. a vol. of poems in 1842; "Lady Alice," a novel, 1849; "Alban," a novel ; " The Forest," 8vo, N.Y., 1852 ; " Rose- mary," a novel, 1860; some poems ; edited the Metropolilaii Hag., at Baltimore, and afterward the Leader at St. Louis. He went to France in 1861. In 1849 he joined the R.C. Church. Huntington, Joseph, D.D. (D.C. 1780), minister of Coventry, Ct., June 29, 1763, to his d., Dec. 25, 1794; h. May 5, 1735. Y.C. 17G2. Bro. of Gov. Samuel. Author of " Calvinism Improved," pub. 1796 ; also some sermons and theol. treatises. He inculcated the doc- trine of universal salvation. Huntington, Joshua, minister of Boston from May 18, 1808, to his d., at Groton, Ct., Sept. 11, 1819; b. 31 Jan. 1786. Y.C. 1804. Son of Gen. Jedediah. Author of " Life of Abi- gail Waters," 1817. His wife, Susan Mans- field (b. 1781,d. 1823), wrote the story "Little Lucy." Her Memoirs, with Letters, Journal, and Poetry, were pub. by B. B. Wisner, 1829. — //. Famil,i. Huntington, Svmffi., TT,, P (Y O. Norwich in 1758; and in 1761 m. Martha, dan. of Rev. Ebenezer Devotion. He became a member of the Assemblvin 1764; Stateatty. in 1765; mr-nihcr of th" Council 1773: mcm- Nov rior Court of Ct. 1774-84; cliiel justice 1784; lieut.-gov. 1785; gov. 1786-96. Huntington, Samuel, gov. of Ohio 1808- 10, b. Coventry, Ct.. Oct. 4, 1765; d. Paines- ville, 0., June's, 1817. Y.C. 1785. _ Son of Rev. Joseph. Was educated by his uncle, Gov. Samuel. Adm. to the bar in 1793; re- moved in 1800 to Ohio, and settled nearPaines- ville. He was a judge of C.C.P. 1802-3; member of the convention that framed the con- stitution of the State in 1802 ; a senator in its first legisl., and chosen speaker ; a judge of the Superior Court, app. Apr. 2, 1803 ; after- ward chief justice ; member of the legisl. 1811- 12; dist. paymr. in the war of 1812-14 (rank of col.). Huntoon, Jonathan G., gov. of Me. is.!u-l, b. Unity, N.H., 1781; d. Fairfield, Hurd, earlv engraver of 1. Dec. 1777. His land, and settled in ill 1749, a. 70. In ing Mr. Hurd was HXTR 469 HXTT considered superior to any one in the Colonics. To a superior mode of execution he added an Ilogarthian talent of character and humor. Among his engravings is a descriptive repre- eentation of Hudson, a swindler and forger, standing in the pillory, the likenesses of some well-known characters being introduced among the spectators. He was probably the first to engrave on copper in the U.S.; a miniature likeness of Rev. Dr. Sewall, engraved by him in 17C4, being extant. He engraved the seal ofH.U. — A'.£. J/a;;. iii. 1. Hurlbut, Stephen Augdstds, lawver and soldier, b. Charleston, S.C, Mar. 24, 1815. He studied and practiced law in Charleston until the breaking-out of the Florida war, in which he served as adj. in a S.C. regt. In 1845 he went to 111., and settled in practice at Belvidere. Member of the 111. Const. Conv. of 1847, and several times represented Boone Co. in the legisl. ; apj). brig.-gen. of vols. 17 May, 18G1, and com. at Fort Donelson after its capture. When Gen. Grant's army moved up tlie 'i'enn. River, he com. the 4th division ; took part in the battle of Sliiloh ; was after- ward stationed at Memphis ; and after the battle of Corinth, in Oct. 1862, pursued and engaged the delcated Confederates ; mnj.-gen. Sept. 17, 1862. In Sept. 186.3, he com. at Memphis; com. a corps under Sherman in the exped. to Meridian in Feb. 1864; and suc- ceeded Banks in com. of the dept. of the Gulf; minister to Colombia since 1869. Hurlbut, William Henry, writer, b. Charleston, S.C, July 3, 1827. H.U. 1847. Author of" Gan Eden, or Pictures of Cuba," 12mo, 1854; "Gen. McClelhin and the Con- duct of the War," 12mo, 1864. Has contrib. largely to American and foreign periodicals; ed. iV. y. World. Husbands, Herman, insurgent, h. Pa. ; d. near Phila. Mar. 1 795. Removing to Orange Co., N.C., he became a member of the legisl., and leader of the Regulators, a party which was organized in 1768 for the forcible redress of public grievances. He pub. in 1770 a full account of the rise of the troubles. A battle took place. May 16, 1771, between Gov. Tryon with 1,100 men and 2,000 Regulators, on the banks of the AUamance, in which the latter were defeated. Husbands escaped to Pa., where in 1778 he was a member of the legisl., and was concerned in the Whiskey Insurrection in 1794 ; and was assoc. wiih Gallatin, Uraik- inridge, and others as a com. of salciy. After a short imprisonment in Pliila., he SLt out on his return home, but died un ihe way. He was originally a member of ilie SiKieiy of Friends, and was versed in ilicolo^ica! lore. Huske, Ellis, councillor of X.II. 17.33- 55 ; d. 1755. Bro. of Gen. Huske, dieting, at Uctiingen and Cnlloden. Postmasterof Bo.^ton 1734 ; superseded in the office of dep. postmr.- gen. of the Colonies by Franklin and Hunter 1753. Pul). the Boston IVeekhj Post-Boy from Oct. 1734 to 1755. Supposed author of "The Present State of N. America," Lond. 1755. Mary, liis wife, d. 8 Mar. 1746, a. 40. He re- sided in Portsmouth, N.H., previous to 1734. Huske, John, son of the pieceding, b. Port.-mouth, N.H., ab. 1721; d. Eng. 1773. Educated in Boston, and bred a merchant, he became in 1764 a member of the British parlia- ment from Maiden, Essex; and was re-elected to the succeeding parliament. For his share in bringing about the Stamp Act, his efBgy was hung with Grenville's in the Liberty Tree, Boston, 1 Nov. 1765. A letter from Joseph Reed thus describes him : " Huske, a flasliy, superficial fellow, by stock-jobbing, and servility to the Townshend family, raised himself from poverty and obscuiity to a seat in parliament. The first use he made of it was to injure his country by proposing to raise £500,000 per annum by taxing the Colonies. Havmg dis- obliged his old patron Charles Townshend, and the ministi-y not needing his vote (though adopting his plan, taking no notice of him), he tacked about, and endeavored to ward off the stroke ; but it was then too late: and they laughed at him." Hutehins, Thomas, geographer, b. Mon- mouth Co., N. J., ab. 1730 ; d. Pittsburg, Apr. 28, 1789. Before he was 16, he went West; entered the service as ensign ; afterward be- came paym., and citpt. 60th (Roy. Anier.) regt.; was assist, engineer in Bouquet's exped. ; and was disting. in a campaign against the Indians inFla.. He was in Lond. at the opening of the Revol. war ; and his zeal in the cause of his country induced him to refuse some excellent offers there. Suspected of holding a corresp. with Franklin, tlien in France, he was in 1779 thrown into a dungeon, and lost in one day .£12,000. After 6 weeks' confinement, he was examined and liberated. He went to France ; thence to Charleston, S.C, where he joined Gen. Greene ; and was made geographer-gen- eral. He pub. " A Topographical Description of Va., Pa., Md., and Carolina, with Maps," Lond. 1778; " An Hi.storical and Topog. De- scription of La., West Fla., and Phila.," 1784. Dr. Morse was much indebted to him in the compilation of his gazetteer. He furnished the maps and plates for the " Account of Bouquet's Exped. against the Ohio Indians," written by William Smith, D.D.,ofPhila., and pub. Lond. 1766. He wrote 3 papers for the Phila. Trans. 1775, '76, and '83, and a paper in Trans. Amer. Soc. ii. 50. Hutchinson, Anne, founder of tlie An- tinomian party in N.E., b. at Alford, Lincoln- shire, Eng., in 1591 ; bap. July 20; d. West- chester Co., N.Y., Aug. 1643. Dan. of Rev. Fr.incis iMarbury, wlio was rector of St. Martin Vin try and other London parishes. Her mother was Bridget Dryden, gr.-aunt of the celebrated poet, John Dryden. Was interested in the preaching of John Cotton, and her relative John Wheelwright, and, desirous of enjoying the ministry of the former, came to Boston, Sept. 18, 1634; was adra. a rnember of the chnrch, Nov. 2 ; and soon acquired esteem and influence. She instituted meetings of the wo- men of the church to discuss sermons and doc- trines, in which she displayed great familiarity with Scripture, but made enemies by her in- novating theories. Two years after her arrival, the strile between her supporters and opponents broke out into public action. " The dispute," says Bancroft, ''infused its spirit into every thing ; it interfered with the levy of troops for 470 the Pcqiiot War ; it iiiBucncod tlie respect shown 10 the magistrates, the distribution of town-lots, the assessment of taxes ; and at last the continued existence of the two opposing parties was considered inconsistent with tlie public peace." Her peculiar tenets were among the 82 opinions condemned by the eccles. svnod at Newtown, Aug. 30, 1637 ; and in Nov., after 2 days' trial before the Gen. Court., slie was sentenced, with some of hrr a^-inian-;. tn liaii- ishmcnt. She joined lier IihimI,, ulm, iiinh r John Clarke and Coddi-i-t.,,,, .nilr,! ,„ IM. After the death of her liiislnnnl, in lillJ, .she with her children moved into llie territory of the Dutch ; and is supposed to have settled near Hell Gate, Westchester Co., N. Y. During an invasion of the settlement by the Indians, her house was attacked and fired ; and herself and family, exce])ting one child who was carried captive, perished. Hutchinson, Israel, col. Revol. army, h. Dan vers, iMs., 17l'8; d. there Mar. 16, 1811. He served in 1757-9 at Ticondeioga and Lake Gciiri;e, and com. a company at the battle of the Plains of Abraham. He cum. a com|iany in the Lexinuton battle ; was lieut.-colof Mans- field's re-t. in 1775 ; com. the 27th rcgt. at the siege uf Bijs:,>n and in the campaign of 1775 ; nd w; Wasl lugton thnnigh the Jersey; H:utohinson,J.\MEs,M.D.(Phila. Coll.), plnsieian, b. Wakefield, Pa., Jan. 29, I7.')2; d. Pbila. Sept. 6, 1793. He finished his med. studies at Lond. under Dr. Fothergill. In 1774 the trustees of Phila. Coll. presented him with a gold medal for his superior knowledge in chemistry. Warmly espousing the cause of his country, he returned home by way of France with important despatches from Dr. Franklin to Congress; joined the army soon after he arrived ; and served as a surgeon and physician during the whole war. Trustee of the U. of Pu. from 1779 till his death; was several years see. of the Philos. Soc. ; was prof, of materia mediea and chemistry in the U. of Pa. in 1789-91, when he was elected prof, of chemistry. For many years, and until his death, he was physician of the port, and one of the physicians'of the Pa. Hospital. — Hutchinson, Thomas, gov. of Ms., b. Bustiin, Sept. 9, 1711; d. Brompton, near Lon- don, Juno 3, 1780. H.U. 1727. SonofThos., a wenlthv and liberal merchant of Boston (I67.i-17.39), and Sarah, dau. of Col. John Fos- ter. After engaging without success in com- merce, he studied law, and as agent of Boston visited London on important business, dischar- ging the duty with great success. Represented Boston in the General Court 10 years, 3 years as s].i-:il. I : l.riiiH' judge of probate in 1752 ; was a . , 1 I : , i-r,i; ; lieut.-gov. 1758-71; and «,i iii-tice in 1760, holding 4 hi-li 'ii;i ■'■: 111 ■ - nnr time. In 1748, the pa- per cm r. rii\ ..I the ( 'olony having depreciated to abuut an eighth i.C its original value, Hutch- inson proj. Tied, and carried through the house, a bill abolishing it, and substituting gold and silver. This measure, though sound and bene- ficial, procured him many enemies. Hutchin- son's mansion was twice attacked in conse- quence of a re]>ort that he had written letters in favor of the Stamp Act; and on the second oc- casion (Aug. 26) his house was sacked, the fur- niture burned in the street, and many MSS. relating to the history of the province, which ho had been 30 years collecting, and which could not be replaced, were lost. He received com- pensation for his lo.sses. In 1767 the house and couneil resisted his claim to a scat in the latter body, and he abandoned it. When, in 1769, ( iov. I!ri nard was transferred to Va., the govt. Ill JK. Ill] to Hutchinson. The popular ex- liteniiiit had been increased by the arrival of Bntisli troops; and after the "massacre" of March 5, 1770, a com. of citizens, headed by Samuel Adams, forced him to consent to the removal of the troops. Commissioned gov. in March, 1771. He was continually in contro- versy with the Assembly and Council. Among the subjectsof dispute were the provision made (or bis siipnurt bv the crown, which paid him a 111. J , I II, i eh, Jan. 6, 1773, asserting able replies Ironi Cuwdoin and Samuel Adams, and did no injury to the patriot cause. In 1772, Dr. Franklin, then in London, procured some of his eonlidential letters, whicli were sent to Bos- ton. They proved that he had been for years opposing every part of the colonial constitu- tion, and urging measures to enloree the su- I)reinaey of parliament : and the ir-sult was a petition to the king lor lii^ r.nioval. The last of his public ditHeultiis was tin' n .iMance of the citizens to the leita:., i, -nlln- in the tea then in the harbor b in- tii' .ah "v i l>oard by citizens in tin- ili,uin~e ol In bin-, Dec. 14, 1773. Havin- o'li nihil hi. .\1 ,|i -ii-'s leaveto go to Englan 1 h- -nihil .Iinn- I, 1774; and, after an invr ,■ n I. -hii pin i euuncil, he was rewariln 1 ■, : i o n. lie pub. the fol- lowing valimh :1, lli.ioivoftbeColony of Ms. Bav 1 Ill S-ttlement thereof, in 1628, until the i eai I ^jo," 2 vols. 1764-7 ; a " Brief State of the Claim of the Colonies," 1764; and a "Collection of Original Papers relative to the History of the Colony of Ms. Bay," 1769. He lelt'iii MS. a 3d vol. of his his'tuiy Iroin 1749 to 1774, which was pub. by his gianilsoii, Kev. John Hutchinson of Trent-- jf Phila. (1787- Hutton, Hyde, Ai.vvv. D D . LL.D. (D.C. IS12), clei-yinan. h, Kiaiikiin, < 't., Feb, 2, 1768; d. Lee, Ms., Dee. 4, IS.!!. D.C. 1788. Ho spent nearly a year teaching at Northampton ; stud- ied theology; was, June 6. 1792, oid. |iastorof the cliureh in I.ee, where he passed the re- mainder of his lite. During 31 years ho was a member of the corporation, and for 21 years vice-jires. of Wins. Coll. He pub. a number of sermons. He was one of the ablest and most siieer-slul millions of his dav. A Memoir of hiin w,i, pnh r, i.i 183.), by "his half-bro., Rev. L.v\iis livi.i, ( 1 ;,S'.I-1865), literary e.KCeutor ami hiiijiM|ilii r ot ilic poet Wilcox. Hyde, Edw.xrd, gov. N. C. 1712 to his d. Sept. 8, 1712. Sent out in 1711 as lieut.-gov., he Ibund the Colony in confusion from the con- 471 nsTG- flicting claims of Glover and Gary to the chief magistracy. By the aiJ of Gov. Spotswooil of Va., Gary's armed resistance was put down, and quiet restored. An Indian war having been begun by a massai'ie of the settlers on the Ro- anoke and Ghowan, Sept. 11, 1711, Gov. Hyde called out the militia, and defeated them with great slauKhter iu the following year. In the to the Im'm o: .. m| wii ; und the gov. fell a vic- tim. ll"..r,'< , ',■ .V ' '. Hyde, Ni-^' 1 Miun.lracher.b. Norwich, Ct., xM.ii -i. i: >J . Iberville (de-ber-vOl), Pii;rue Lemoine d', a disting. seaman, father of the Colony of Louisiana, b. Montreal, Jiilv 20, 1661 ; d. Ha- vana, July 9, 1 706. Ho was iiiie of 7 brothers, who were all active in Canad'ui alTiirs. He went early to sea; was a(li-iiii_; i-il in tli ■ mid- night attack on Sehenectml) ; I lllllnlr.l tlicj expnd. which recovei'i'd I'.'-:; \ ;.,,!i iii.ni the IBriti-h(l"-.i; -n.., -.|,i ]. .,,> , i..i N.->v '. .mid- iuH.Kl ; . 1 by the [■■,■■:,,-: 1 ;.n 1 the Mpi , and to erec vessels and a b. 200 1 Oct. 17, 1098, , and Fc Island (1 .1 .Mas .acre. ni. by hi. : 1.. ,!■■ i;i ■ .\ 1 : andii... Mar. -J. and il- t'imonv i;Jox, , IIi'tV whicli' 1 ',r ^'ii ■!■ t';' hi' Bienville. Tin- f.it wa. air. i- ii.n i. 1...I to the western bank of the Mobile liivL-r, liie first European settlement in Ala. He sailed for France, but returned when the French su- premacy of the Mpi. was endangered by the English. In 1700 he ascended the Mpi. as far as the country of tlie Natchez, while his bro. explored Western La. Iberville also built for- tifications on the Island of Massacre, which ho named Dauphine Isl.ind. Attacked by yellow- fever, ho escaped with broken health. In 1706, in com. of .3 vessels, he captured the English Island of Nevis. ^. Imlay, Gilbert, capt.Revol. army. He pub. " Topog. Description of the Western Terr, of N. A.," 8vo, f.ond. 1792; the same, with Supplement by J. Filson, 2 vols. N. T. 179.'! ; " The Emigrauts," a novel, 3 vols. 12mo, 1 79:i. Ingalls, RcFns, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Denmark, Me., Aug. 2.3, 1820. West Point, 1843. Entering the Rifles, he was transferred to the 1st Dragoons in 1845; disting. himself in the battles of Emhudo and Taos, N. Mexico, in 1847; became 1st lieut. 16 Feb. 1847; assist, quartermaster (rank of capt.) Jan. 12, 1848; served in Cal. and Oregon ; was in Gol. Step- toe's exped. across the continent; and from 1856 to 1860 was stationed at Fort Vancouver, being on the staff of Gen. Harney at the time of the San Juan affair. In Apr. 1801 he was seutwith Col. Brown to re-enforce Fort L'ickens; - .,./ ^ and in Jiilv was ordered to duty with the Army of the IVtomac. He was app. aide-de-camp to McClcllan (rank of lieut.-col.) 28 Sept. ; major in the (luartermastcr's dept. 12 Jan. 1862; was chief iiuanerniaster in the Armv of the Poto- mac 1802-5; brig. gen. vols. 23 May, 1863; col. and assist, qnai term. -gen. July 29, 1866; present at the battles of South Mountain, An- tietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Get- tysburg, and subsequent battles, to surrender of Lee ; brevs. of col., brig.-gon., and maj.-gen. fur merit, services in the Rebellion 13 Mar. 1865. ills, Willi M,MD. (II, U. 1801), long I of IjDston, ])iof. of anat- X..>vla,rv|,ort, M<.,3 May, M- , S.'.r.S, 1851. H.U. 1 Mil ..f Lvnn.came , . Ii;j9. ■ He pub. 1790. His aii 1 from Lincoln- I "Malignant F. . , ■ , \, . , im;. Ingei'SoU, L'jur.LLS Anpiioxv, judiie, b. Xrw Haven, Gt., 1793; d. there Feb. 9, 1860. Hl. siu.lierl in the office of his brother Ralph J. ; attained high repute at the bar; held several otfices of honor in the State and nation ; and was app. judge U.S. Dist. Court of Ct. by Pres. Pierce. Ingersoll, Ch.^rles Jared, statesman, I .\ . I , aiil author. Son of Judge Jared, b. 1' . M . .1, 17S2; d. there May 14, 1862. \: a I Iimil; his collegiate course, he studied 1 n\ , an I iv i^ adm. to practice before be was 21. He then travelled in Europe, and was attached to the American embassy to France. M.C. in 1813-14 and in 1841-7, serving' as chairman of the com. of forei'^n affairs; U.S. dist. atty. for I'a :i..n l-!.ui,ril 1 emoved by Gen. Jackson i , i. ' i . . ; I which he was elected to , r i M 'iiSer of the Canal and In- I I ti il I 111 .1 ... an i; ( '. a 1 veiition at Harrisburg iu l^L'a, ami ol llh' K.lul HI (■.MIV..nli(>U there Ie.4ata.11 t.. riii--ni I.I 1-;:, in l-;i7 he was France, bin «,. Author of '■(. and El^iva,- a Jesuit's Lctlni- the Second W Britain," 4 Iklwy . J |iiiii the M...t<-hof . and Great Riilhts and gs. Power and Policy, of the U S.," in defence of Jefferson's commercial policy, 1803; and "Julian," a iliainaii.- |i.inm, 183l'; "Dis- course lief. III.. .S,.,.. |.,r til. ('uininemo. of the Landing of Win, r..iiii," lsj,-i. He was at the time of his dcaili pre|Kiriiig "A History of the Territorial Acquisitions of the U. S." — Allibone. Ingersoll, J.\RED,LLD. (N.J. Coll. 1821 ), lawyer, b. Ct. 1749; d. Phila. Oct. 31, 1822. Y.C. 1766. His lather, a-ent for the Colony in Eng. 1757 (app. in 1765 stampmaster-gen. for N. E. under the obnoxious Stamp Act), was forced by the indignant populace to resign bis office Aug. 24, 1765, and was in 1770 app. admiralty judge for Pa. Removing to Phila., he d. N. Haven, Aug. 1781, a. 59. The sou went to Lond., entered the Middle Temple, and studied law 5 years. Though residing in London, and the son of a loyalist, he espou.sed the cause of the Colonies in the llevol. In ^"7 Paris, where he remained 18 months, he made the acqnuintance of Dr. Franklin. Returning home, lie passed the remainder of his life in Phila., where he was prominent as a lawyer. Member of the Old Cr.n;.--^ in 17sn-I; a representative in the r. : ' li framed theU. S. Constituti " : . :.Ln-.-en. of the State; U.S. .ii • I, and re- ceived and deelined i:i ' jmlne of the Federal Court. ll. I i- Federal candidate for vice-pri.^ ' ~ ■ s judge of the Uist. Court ol I' i. < '■ u L.tiinieof his death; author of a rare painpluet ou the Stamp Aet, N. Haven, .Ito, 1766. Ingersoll, Jonathan, LL.D. (Y.C. 1817), an eminent lawyer of N. Haven, h. Ridgefield, Ct., 1746 ; d. Jan. 12, 1823. Y.C. 1766. Son of Rev. Jonathan. He held many publie trusts; was a judge in 1798-1801, and lieut.-gov. in 1816. His dan. Grace m. Peter Grellet, and d. Paris, 1816. IngersoU, Joseph Reed, LL.D., D.C.L. (O.xoii.), statesman and lawyer. Son of Jared, h. Phila. June 14, 1786; d. Phila. Feb. 20, 1868. N.J. Coll. 1804. He studied law, and fractised extensively in Phila. for many years. n 1809 he pub. a translation from the Latin of Roccns's tracts De Ntwlbus et Nauto and De A^ii^iuuil!',,,,. ^LC. 18.35-7 and in 1842-9, ami ail aMniiiit^' ul' the ductrine of protection ; niiiuM.r lu l-.imlaiid in 18.M-.3; author of a Mrnioir (,r Saiiil. Ururk, 8vo, 1863. Early in the Kehellion he pub. a pamphlet entitled " Secession a Folly and a Crime." Edward, third hro. of the above, wrote poems on the times, entitled "Horace in Phila.," which ap- peared in the Portfolio ; and contrib. political articles to Walsh's Gazelle; also author of the " History and Law of Habeas Corpus," Svo, 1859; "Addison on Contracts, with Notes," Svo, 18.57 ; " Digest of Laws of the U.S., 1789- 1320," Svo, 1821. Ingbam, Charles C, portrait-painter, b. Dublin, 1797 ; d. New York, 10 Dec. 1863. He came to the U.S. in 1817, having studied 4 years in his native city, and won a premium from the Dublin Academy. He with his bro. stood for many years in the first rank of por- trait-painters. His "Death of Cleopatra" at once gave him extensive notoriety and business. He was a founder of the National Acad., and many years its vice-pres. Besides a great num- ber of portraits of the reigning beauties of his day in New York, his "Flower-Girl," "Day- Dream," and " Portrait of a Child," are good specimens of his style and manner. — Tucker- Ingham, Samdel D., politician, b. Bucks Co., Pa., Sept. 16, 1773; d. Trenton, N.J., luneD,1860. Of Quaker parcniaue. He was Drought up a papei-mikn, .nhl, iintil drawn into politics, wasa.-ii ' ii n: m lOaston, N.J. Heserved 3 Vi Ml I : , li 4i-l.;was a prothonotarv ; iM.< ' l-i'-l^ anl 1822-9; sec. of the U."S. treasury 18:i9-31. ^xv'y.i /j^.rfe" Inglis, Charles, D.D., Pr.-Ep. bishop of ^fri *V Nova Scotia ; d. Feb. or Mar. 1816, a. 82. He ,ii tOi^rii'"- was assistant rector from 1764 to the Revol., and from 1777 to 1783 rector, of Trinity Church, N.Y. After the loyalist Galloway went to Eog., Dr. Inglis was his corresp. ; and liis let- ters evince no little harshness towards the fomentorsof the rebellion. He went to N.S. at the peace; was consec. bishop in 1788 ; and in 1809 became a member of the council. He pub. an a nswe r to Piiine's " Common Sense," in Feb. 1776, which made him obnoxious to the patriots, who contisc. his estate. His son John was made bishop of N.S., and a member of the council in 1825, and d. in Lond. in Nov. 1850. His grandson. Gen. Sir J. Eard- ley Wilmot Inglis, the heroic defender of Luck- now, d. Germany, 1862. Inglis, James, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1811), b. Phila. 1777 ; d. Aug. 15, 1820. Col. Coll. 1795. Ord. Apr. 1802. Pastor First Presb. Church, Baltimore, and an eloquent preacher. A vol. of his sermons was pub. soon after his death, also a vol. of his poems. — Sprague. Ingraham, Ddncan Nathaniel, capt. U.S.N. , b. Charleston, S.C, Dec. 6, 1802; d. there June 10, 1863. Midshipman June 18, 1812; lieut. Apr. 1,1818; commander May 24, 1838; capt. Sept. 14, 1855. Nathaniel, his father, was a friend of Paul Jones, and was in the action with the British frigate " Serapis." His uncle Capt. Joseph, U.S.N., was lost at sea in the U.S. ship "Pickering." His cousin William, a lieut. in the navy, was killed at the age of 20. Capt. Ingraham m. Harriet R., grand-dau. of Henry Laurens. His seizure of Martin Kostza, an Amer. citizen, from the Austrian bri^-of war " Hussar," at Smyrna, July 2, In.''' ji.r li-riMun elalxirate discus- sion at Wa- , II .M. ll.iUoman, the Austrian ,'■■■■ .ml -Mr. .\Iarcy, sec. of State. < 'iiij;i v I'iiiit rvsuliition, Aug. 4, 1854, reque.sieil the I'res. to present a medal to him for his conduct on this occasion. In Mar. 1856 he was app. chief of the bureau of ordnance and hydrography ; which position he resigned Feb. 4, 1861, and was made chief of ordnance, construction, and repair in the Con- fed, navy. Ingraham, Edward D., lawyer of Phila., d. 1854, a. ab. 60. He pub. " Insolvent Law of Pa.," Svo, 1827; " Gow on Partntrsbip," with notes, Svo, 1837-45; " Vattel's Law of Nations," Svo, 1852; "English Ecclesiastical Reports," 1 809-35, 7 vols. He was a lover and collector of rare and curious books. — See No- tice in Oemoc. Rev. xxv. 77. Ingraham, Rev. Joseph H., author, b. Portland, Me., 1809 ; d. ab. 1S66, at the South. Abandonimr mercantile pursuits, he became a teacher in Wash. Coll., near Natchez, Mpi.. and in 1836 pub. " The South-west iiy a Yankee." He subsequently produced " Lalitte," " Bur- ton, or the Sieges," " Capt. Kyd,"" The Dan- cing Feather," and many other romances, some of which attained a large circulation. He was ord. an E])is. minister, and became rector of a parish, and of St. Thomas's Hall, an acad. for boys in Holly Springs, Mpi. His last works were the " Prince of the House of David," 1855; "Pillar of Fire," 1859; and "Throne of David." Inman, Henry, an eminent painter, b. Utica, N.Y., 28,Oct. 1801 ; d. N.Y. City, 17 Jan. 1 846. He'early manifested a taste for art, and about 1814 visited the studio of Jarvis, ia N. Y. City, where Wertmiiller's picture of rNiM 473 rRv Danae was on exhibition. Attracting the no- tice of Jarvis, who, on seeing him, exclaimecl, "By Heavens! the very head fur a painter, he served a year's apprenticeship with him ; in., and devoted liimself to miniature-painting, in whicli l;e excelled. He afterward applied him- self to portraits, and turned his talents to good advantage in landscape and nenre painting, attaining such distinction as to be chosen vice- pi-es. ortlie Nat. Acad, of Design. Visiting En.r. for his health in 1844, lie painted portiaits of Wo,d,wortl., Chalmers, Macunlay ami oth- ers Rctuniin" home in 1845 in Iceble liealth, he undcrt.iok to furni>h for the National Capitol tiucs illustrating the a ser.vo ... , ■ - „ , , of the West, l>ut di.l not live to complete tl:^ first — a representation of Daniel Boone s resi- dence in Ky. His conversational powers were of a lii"h order, and he possessed a fund of anecdote and wit. Among his best efforts are his portraits of Chief Justice M.aishall and Bishop White, his " Rip Van Winkle waking from his Dream," " Mumble the Peg, and " Bovhood of Washington." He was one of the most versatile of American artists. A col- lection of 127 of his paintings was exhibited for the benefit of his widow and children. His dau. Sallie m. J. R. Drake of Buffalo. John O'Brien, artist, son of Henry, after a success- ful career in the West as a portrait-painter, opened a studio in N.Y.. where h 1785-7 ; judge of the U.S. Dist. Court forKy. 1787 to his death. In 1791 he was one of the local board of war to call out the militia on expeds. against tlie Indians. — Collins. InneSS, George, landspape-painter, b. Ncwburg, N. Y., IWay 1, 1825. At 16 he went to N.Y., and in 1845 passed a month in Gi"noux's studio; after which time he long practised his art at Eagleswood, N. J. Among his pictures is "The Sign of Promise," " Peace and Plenty," " Going out of the Woods," "A Vision of Faith," "Passing Storm," " Summer Afternoon," and " Twi- light." He is an admirer of Rousseau, and tTeinent reproduces his manner perfectly. There is great strength in his limning of trees, great effect in his treatment of light. He has latterly law with aunah he Dec. 14, 74 ; dep. until the pieces flower , ready 866 he and small ijenre pictures Ibund sale. His facility is remarkable. In went to Italy. A picture called ' Sunny Thoughts " is highly commended. — bee I uck- ermaiFs Donic ol' Ike Arlists. Inman, .luiiy, j.nimalist, b^ Utica, >.Y., 1805- d N.Y. .Mar. 3(1, 1850. Bio. ot Henry. Willi' little education, he taught school 2 years inN.C, 1823- and, after stii tilanJaid, aft then of the < sist. ed.of iIm chief c.ii the u'le day." lu 'i's33 he m. Miss !■ .slier, a sister of the talented comedians of that name, ot the old Park Theaire. ncv K Inman, William, commodore U.b.N b. N.Y. ; bro. of the preceding. Midsliipm. Jan. 1 181" ■ lieut. Apr. 1, 1818; command. May 24, 1838; capt.June 2, 1850; commo. (retired list) July 16, 1862. He served on the Lakes during the war of 1812-15 ; com. one of two boits^canturini' a pirate vessel of 3 guns on the coast of Cuba in 1823; com. steamer " Micbi"iu " on the f-akcs, 1845 ; steam frig- ate "Sirsnu'eliaiina," E. I. squad., 1851 ; com. r, of Africa. 1859-61. InneS,HAUuv,ju.ist,h.CarolineCo., Va., 1752 ; (I. fiaukfort, Ky., Sept. 20, 1816. Son of Rev. Robert, an Kpis. clergyman. In 1776- 7 he was emploved hv the com. of safety ot Va. to superintend Chipii'slead mines; in 1779 he was app. bv the Va. legisl. to hear and deter- mine land'claims in the Abingdon district; chosen by the Va. legisl. in 1783 judge of the Sup. Court for the dist. ot Ky squ IredeH, .ivMi.-^.jini^t, i..u Lewes, Su-e.K C.. Kul' . < >i Edenton, N.C., <-)et. 20, ITU'.r Chowan Co., NC, at 17, an. I . Gov. Saml. Johnston, whose m m. July 1773. Was adm. to t 1770; and was dep. atty.-gcii and afterward collector of Ed Rcvol. ; chosen judge of the Sup. Court, Dec. 20 1777- resigned 1778; mem. of the Const. cJnv. at'Hillsborongh; attv.-gen. of N.C. in 1779-8"- anil judge of the U. S. Sup. Court from Feb. 1 79U till his death. He was the elo- quent defender and able exponent of the Fed- eral Constitution in the State convention. In 1791 he pub. "Iredell's lievi^nl ol the Stat- utes of N.C." Hisjn(liei:il opiiMonu. the case of" Chisholm vs. Georgia " rout;, ins the germ of all the later doctrines of " State lights. His " Life and Corresp.," by G. J. McBee, waspub., 2vol3., N.Y. 1857. Iredell, James, son of the preceding, b. ( 'how 01 Co N n., Nov. 2, 1788; d. Edenton, XC , Apr. ll':. I. ■<'>■•!. N.J. Coll. 1806. Hewas li,,.,| to till' li.i ; was 10 years in the house of eo.nni.ni^ of win. h lie was also speaker ; com. a c..ii.iioiv'of vols, at Norfolk, Va., in the war of ISl"'- chosen judge of the State Sup. Court in 1819 ; gov. of N.C. 1827 ; and U.S. sena- tor 1828-31. He afterward practised at Ra- leh'h ; and was many years reporter of the de- cisions of the Sup. Court. He pub. 13 vols, of law, and 8 of equity reports. In 1833 he was app acommiss. to collect and revise the State statutes. He also pub. a " Treatise^on the r>aw of Executors and Administrators. Irvin, William W., jurist, b. Albemarle Co., Va., 1778; d. Lancaster, O., Apr. 1842. Often a member of the Ohio legisl. from Fair- field Co. ; judge Sup. Court of Ohio 1809-15 ; M.C. 1829-33. Irvine, Gen. James, d. Phila. 29 Apr. 1819, a. 8:3. Col. in 1776 ; maj.-gen. Pa mili- tia in 1782 ; captured in attack on the British camp near White Marsh, 5 Dee. 1777, being wounded and left on the field. Irvrine, William, brig. -gen. Revol. army, b. Fer.nagh, Ireland, 3 Nov. 1741 ; d. Phila. 29 July, r8U4. Educated at the Dublin U., he studied medicine ; was some time surgeon of a British ship-of-war ; but, after the peace of ■cmoved to the U.S., and practised at atty -"cn. Carlisle, Pa. Member of the convention which Is ot 474 IRV met at Pliila. 15 July, 1774, anJ recommcndcJ a f^cncral congress ; representative of Car- lisle until 1776; raised and coin, the 6th Pa. rc^t., and was captured at Trois Rivieres, Canada; released on parole 3 Aug. ; ex- changed 6 May, 1778; col. 2d Pa. ri'gt. 1778; hrig.-gen. 12 May, 1779 ; was employed in N. Jersey, and under VVavne at Bull's Kerry. In the autumn ol 1781 he' was intrusted with the ddbnerol- ll„, :l,-v,v >•, , IrMlllirr, ,indwas ■-tall I :n I - . I . 1:: ' . ., !i" »a,;i|.p. by ch;l^^ .1 ( I ■■ r,i.; .:l-," llin, unin.M., I'a, an OUtlrl . , ,1 ],.; • i:!l-. Mriul.rl- ,,l ll,e Old Coni;; I,' . -, .imI -I ill.- rn„,r„t,..n that revi.,La ;uc cuiisiKuii .ii ul Pa^ In 1794 he was a commiss. to the Whiskey insurgents, but was unsuccessful in quieting tlicm, and, at the head of the State militia, took part in the operations resulting in th^ir paciliialion. iM.C. 1793-5. Two of his brothers were gallant offi- cers, — Capt. Andrew and Dr. Matthew of Lee's Legion. Three sons were also officers of the annv, — C-\llendeu, coin.-gcn. of pur- chases, who d. 9 Oct. 1841 ; Col. William A., of the 42d Inf.; and Capt. Aemstuo.vg, dis- ting. at Chrystler's Field and at Lyon's Creek. Irving, John Tkeat, nephew of Wash- inmiM) Irving, lawyer and author, b. ab. 1810. Col. Coll., N.Y., 1829. Ilis father, John T. IiiTiNG (li. 1778; d. N.Y. City, March 18, 18.'!8 ; Col. Coll. 1798), was pres. judge of the C.C.P. for the city and county of N.Y. from 1817 till his d. ; contrib. to the Morning Chron- icle, a Dcmoc. journal started by his bros. ; and poe ical attacks up The son is the author of ''Indian Sketches," 1833, a narrative of an exped. to the Pawnee tribes ; " Scenes and Ad- ventuivs in the Porky Mountains," 2 vols.; " DiM-oMisc on the Advantages of Classical Lcaraini;," with a sketch of W. S. Johnson, 18.3(1; and two novels, "The Attorney" and " Harry Uarson," which originally appeared in the Knickerhocker Mag. under the signature of "John Quod." Irving, PADLns .SImilius, a Brit, gen., b. Waterturd, Ireland, Aug. 30, 1751 ; d. Car- lisle, Jan. 31, 1828. His father. Col. P. M. Irving, was at the siege of Quebec in Sept. 1759, as major 15th Foot, and was wounded. June 30, 1765, then being com.-in-chief, he be- came pres. of the Province of Quebec ; in 1771 was app. lieu t. -gov. of Guernsey, and afterward of Upnor Castle, Kent. He d. Apr. 22, 1796. The son was lieut. 47th Foot in 1764; capt. 1768 ; major in 1775; and was engaged in the batiles of Le-^ington and Bunker's Hill ; at the affair of Trois Rivieres, June, 1776; at Crown Point and Ticonderoga ; and served with Burgoyne till his surrender. He subse- quently served in the West Indies; was made gen. in 1812 ; and created a baronet Sept. 19, 1809. Irving, Peter, M.D. (Col. Coll. 1794), writer, bro. of Washington Irving, h. Oct. 30, 1771; d.N.Y., June 27, 1838. He studied, but never practised, medicine; and in 1802 became cd. ami proprietor of the Morning Chronicle, a Dcmoc. journal, to whirli his bros. Washington and John Treat, Panl'imj. W. A. I i;i< r, and Ru- dolph Banner, wci\- .,, :: i; ,1 -from European travel in I- ■ i, , I wiih bis bro. " Knickerbocktr'- lli-i M|^ ,,| .\,.n- Yoik." He returned to Europe in 1SU9, and remained until 1836. He pub. "Giovanni Sbo'garro, a Venetian Tale," N.Y. 1820. Irving, THEODoRii, LL. D. (Un. Coll. 1850), nephew of I'eter, author, b. N.Y. 1809. Col. Coll. 1837. He joined his uncle, Wash- ington Irving, in Spain in 1828, and resided with him in Kng., studying general literature in Paris, and afterward studying law in Lon- don and New York. Professor of historv and belles-lettres in Geneva Coll., N.Y., from' 1836 to 1849, and afterward held for 3 years a simi- lar prolc;ssorship in the N.Y. Free Acad. Tak- ing orders in the Epis. Church in 1854, he be- came rector of St. Andrew's Parish, Richmond, Staten Island. Besides many contribs. to periodicals, he is the author of ''' The Conquest of Florida by De Soto," 1835 and 1851, es- teemed for its easy and elegant style; and of "The Fountain of Living Waters," 1854, a devotional work. Irving, Washington, LL.D., author, b. N.Y. City, Apr. :i, 1783 ; d. Tarrvtown, N.Y., Nov. 28, 1859. Wm , his father, 'was a Scotch emigrant; and his mother was an English- woman. At the age of 16 he began the study of law, but did not enter upon its practice. At 19 he wrote a series of articles under the signature of "Jonathan Oldstyle," pub. in the Morning Chronicle, edited by his brother Peter. From May, 1804, to March, 1806, he was in Europe for his health. In 1807 he pub., in coiijnnriinn with bis brother William, and J. K r.uiMin-, ■■ S.ilmagundi; " in Dec. 1808, "Knuke ,Urs History of N.Y. ;" cd. the Aualtvlic Ma.j. .lining the war of 1812-14, to naval officers of the U.S.; and in May, 1815, He had i>revionsly engaged with two of his partner. The failure of the commercial house with which he was connected threw him upon his literary resources, and, aided bv Sir Walter Scott, he "brought out "The Skctch-Book " in Lond. in 1820, which brought him fame and profit; and, after a year's residence in Paris, " Bracebridge Hall" appeared in Mliv, 1822. He passed the following winter in D're;den ; returned to Paris in 1823, and in Mav, 1824, to Lond., to pub. " The Tales of a Tra'vcller;" returned to Paris in Aug.; and in the autumn of 1825 visited the south of France. He went to Madrid in Feb. 1826; pub. his "Life of Columbus " in 1828; made a tour to the south of Spain; in 1829 pub. "The Conquest of Granada;" and resided three months in the Al- hambra, where he prepared the work pub. un- der that name in 1832. In 1829-31 he was sec. of legation to the Amer. embassy in Lond., and received one of the 50-guinca gold medals provided by George IV. for eminence in his- torical compositions. In May, 1832, he re- turned to N.Y. ; in 1835 pub. "Tour on the Prairies," "Abbotslbrd and Nowstead Abbey," and " Legends of the Conquest of Granada; " 475 in 1836 "Astoria;" ami in 1837 "The Ad- ventures of Capt. Bonneville." Fioin 1839 to 1841 he contrib. articles to the Knickerbocker Mari. These and other articles from the Enfj- lish annuals and periodicals were in 1855 coll. in a vol. entitled " WoHert's Houst." In 1841 he pub. "A Life of Mar-arct .Miller David- son " to accompany an edition of her poclual remains. Minister to Sp.iiii in 1842-6; alter his return, he bejjun the publication of a revised edition of his works, 15 vols. 1848-50. In 1849 he pub. " Oliver GoMsmith, a Biography ; " and in 1849-50 "Mahom.'t Mml hU SniTc-Mirs." His last work was his " Lir> ,.i W i-h, , ::,mi/' 5 vols. 1855-9. He was 11 > : ii , i I'lie honorary dc|j;ree of Doctur ■ ; 1- ^ i con- ferred on him by H.U. in Is :j , u..:uj 1, Kiig., in 1831; and Col. Coll. in 1S2'J. lie was a corresp. member of the Roy. Acad, of History of Spain, and an Imn. member of the Hist, and Geog. Institute of Brazil. He was also a mem- ber of other learned and scientific societies. A Memoir of Irving, with his Letters, was pub. by his nephew, Pierre M. Irving, 5 vols. 1867. Irving, William, bro. of ihe ]>receding, writer and merchant, b. New York, Aui;. 15, 1766; d. there Nov. 9, 1821. From 1787 to 1791 he was an Indian trader on the Mohawk River. In 1793 he in. a sister of J. K. Pauld- ing, and afterward became a merchant in N.Y. Eminent for wit and refinement, as well as knowledge of the world. He was one of the authors of" Salma;^undi," to which he contrib. most of the |ioetieal pieces " from the Mill of Pindar Cockloft." M.C. 1813-19. Irwin, CoL. Henry; killed at the battle of Gennantown, Oct. 4, 1777. Merchant of Tarboroujih, N.C., before the Revol. Member ot the first Assembly from Edgecombe in Aug. 1775; lieut.-col. Sept. 9, 1775. Irwin, Gen. Jared, gov.ofGa. 1796-8 and 1806-9, b. Mecklenburg Co., N. C, 1751 ; d. Union, Washington Co., Ga., March 1, 1818. Migrating to Ga. at the age of 7, he was for many years on the Indian frontier, and, during the latter part of the Revol. war, actively em- ployed against the Tories and Indians. At the close of the war he was chosen to the State legisl.; was a member of the convention which adopted the Constitution in 1789; pres. of the State Const. Conv. 1793; and many years member and pres. of the senate. Removing to Pa., he was M.C. from that State in 1813-17. Isham, Gen. Jirah, b. Colchester, Ct., 177S; d. New London, 6 Oct. 1842. Y. C. 1797. He was a lawyer at New Lond.; State's atty. ; mayor ; judge of probate ; and, as maj.- gcn. of militia, com. in defence of Stonington in 1814. Iturbide, Aogustin de, emperor of Mex- ico, b. Valladolid, Mex., 1784; d. 19 July, 1824. Bred a farmer. He entered the militia at the age of 17 ; was a lieut. in 1810 ; and, for his services in suppressing the insurrection of Morales, was made a col. and com. of Bahia; but, on being deprived of that post, left the ser- vice, and rciurned to his plantation. •' Placed in command of an army destined to the South, he marched to Acapnlco in the latter part of 1819, and, having matured a scheme for the over- throw of the Spanish power, — known as the " Iguala Plan," promulged 24 Feb. 1S21, — he marched to Queretaro; was joined by Victoria, a devoted patriot ; took possession of the capi- tal 27 Sept. in the name of the nation ; and wholly under hirowu'contioL .Miv I 8 J sji, he was declared cmpcior; but public diMniM, and the confiicting claims of rival ehiel--, caused him to abdicate; and 11 May, 1823, he sailed tor Leghorn. Alter some months' residence there and in Eug., an insurrection in his favor in- duced him to return to .Mexien, wIumi- he land- ed 14 July, 1824, but ^^:l, 1 >, I :,• ,1: and, pursuant to a decree deel :, I . i i nior if he dared to land on the \i , . ,:i ; ; ,:.,vy. he was shot at Fa.lillo, 11;, •. i ; , . n.i, ;;i.inted SS.OOO on comli-i ,1, il,,. -:. -hoiild reside ei- thcrinColoin'.i , ; i I -- M.e long resided in Phila. T^i ', ;. , i i: luanl returned to Mexico, wheie i;i-y l;-;,i i.liiees of trust un- der the govt. —.See Jus Life b,/ himself, a pam- phlet pub. Lond. ISH. Iverson, Alfred, Democ. politician, b. Burke Co., Ga., Dee. 3, 1798. N. J. Coll. 1820. He studied law; settled in practice in Colum- bus, Ga.; was a member of both houses of the State legisl.; was twice elected judge of the Superior Court; was M.C. 1847-U ; U.S. sen- ator from 18.)5 to 1861; was an advocate, in that body, of disunion and an iudepcudeiu Southern confederacy; and withdrew Jan. 28, 1861. He became col. of a Ga. regt., and in Nov. 1862 brig.-gen. He m. a dau. of Hon. John Forsvtii. Ives, Ansel W.,M.D. {Coll. Ph. and Surg., N.Y.,1~--Il!,,.|,v :rMn.le\Vr„,,l'„,-v,Ct,178S; d. Xeiv ^' .i , 1 ^ J r^;< II ■ ; ,: -.1 uu a ac- ing Ot 111 1 jou nals, that on the Hnmidiis lupahi. reputation. He pub., with Notes, " I'aris's Pharmacologia," and " Hamilton on Mercurial Remedies." Ives, Eli, M.D., physician, b. N. Haven, Ct., Feb. 7, 1779 ; d. there Oct. 8, 1861. Y.C. 1799. Ho studied medicine ; was 2 year., rec- tor of the Hopkins gniinin ,r , •,■, ,' , began practice with his fatlf i, P; I i ISOl; subsequently continued 1, i., i I'liila.; and gave special attention t<, m.l _rii,His vege- table remedies. With Prof Silhiiiau, he estab- lished in 1813 the medical dept. of Y.C. ; and from 1813 to 1823 was prof, of materia mod iea. He held the chair of the theory and practice of ined. from 1829 till 1853; resuming the chair for a short period subsequently. He had been pres. of the State and National Med. Associa- tions, and was. a remarkably skilful and suc- cessful practitioner. He was an active advo- cate of temperance, education, emancipation, and other causes of active benevolence ; found- ed and was many years pres. of the Hortio. andPomological Societies; and expended much time and labor in the maintenance of a botani- cal garden. He contrib. 4 articles to the .lour- nat of Science, and pub. an " Address befora the iS^ liaven Horticultural Soc." in 1837.— y. a Obit. Record. Ives, Levi, M.D., physician, b. 1750; d. iv:e! 476 JA.C New Haven, Ct., Oct. 17, 1826. He was a fuundcr of the N. Haven Med. Soc. ; one of the conductors of Cases and Observations, the first metl. journal in this country; and was a sliilful practitioner. Father of Dr. Eli Ives. Ives, Levi Silliman, D.D., LL.D., di- vine and author, b. Meriden, Ct., Sept. 16, 1797 ; d. ManhattanviUe, near N.Y. City, Oct. 13, 1867. Brought up on his father's farm in Turin, N.Y. He studied at the acad. at Low- ville, and served nearly a year under Gen. Pike in the war with Eng. He entered Ham. Coll. in 1816, but, on account of poor health, left before the close of his senior year. Join- ing the Epis. Church in 1819, ho studied the- olojry at N.Y. under Bishop Hobart (whose dau. Rebecca he m. in 182.5), and received dea- con's orders in Aul:. 1s_'_'. lie was first a rais- Bionary at nJl,l^;.l, N V ; the next year took charge of Tun, Clim. ,, I'inla., and was ord. pncst Willi 1827 he took charge of Christ Church, Lancaster, Pa. ; at the end of the year became assist, minister of Christ Church, N.Y. ; 6 months after was made rector of St. Luke's ; and Sept. 22, 1831, was consec. bishop of N.C. At Valle Crucis, among the mountains of N.C, he established an insti- tution to promote the cause of education in the church, which occasioned him great pecuniary loss. He manifested a deep sympathy with the efforts lor the religious training of the slaves, for whom he prepared a catechism adapted to Iheir comprehension and spiritual wants. Besides charges to the clergy, and occasional sermons, he pub. discourses on ihc "Apostles' Doctrine and Fellowship," and on the " Obe- dience of Riith," 1849. Siding strongly with the Traeturian movement, his diocese became aliciiaicd, anil he was at length thoroughly con- vinec.l of tlir sii|.iviiiacy of the pope. In Dec. 1799 ; aide to Gen. Hamilton, Dec. 16, 1799; resigned in 1803. On the breaking-out of war with Great Britain, app. col. 2d Art. Mar. 12, 1812 ; brig. -gen. Mar. 12, 1813 ; maj.-gen. Jan. 24,1814; disbanded 181.'). Gov. of Ark. Tcrritorv from Mar. 1825 till his death. He pub. his '" Official Corresp. with the War Dept. in 1814-15," 8vo, Phila. 1816. His son James F., 1st lieut. 1st U.S. Dragoons (West Point, 1828), d. of wounds received at Camp Izard, Fla., 5 Mar. 1836, a. 26. Izard, Ralph, statesman, b. near Charles- ton, S. C, 1742; d. there May .30, 1804. Camb. U., Eng. His grandfather was one of the founders of S.C. ; and he inherited a large estate in land and slaves. In 1 7G7 he m. Alice, dau. of Peter DeLancy ; visiteil Eng. in 1771, and the Continent in 1774. He went ai;ain to France; was afterward app. bv Con;;, com- mi>s. at the court of Grand Duke of Tuscany, and resided in Paris. He sided with Arthur Lee in his opposition to Silas Deane, Frank- lin, and the other Amer. agents in France. July 10, 1780, be returned to Amer.; was in- strumental in procuring Gen. Greene's app. to the Southern army, and pledged his large estate for the purchase of ships-ol-war in Europe. Delegate to the Old Congress 1781-3 ; U.S. senator 1789-95. He was polished in manners, able and eloquent, and honest as a legislator, but passionate, and incompetent as a djploma- tist. His " Corresp. from 1774 to 1784," with a short Memoir, was pub. by his dau. 1844. His son Ralph, a lieut. U.S.N., was disiing. in the war with Tripoli. Jackson, Andrew, LL D. (H.U. 1833), 7th pies U.S , b. Waxhaw, vS.C, 15 Mar. 1767; d. at the Hermitage, near Nashville. Tenn., 8 June, 1845. His parents came IVoiu Irel.md in 1765. At 14 Andrew joined the Revol. Ai intlieeoineiitsol tiicSac^d lle.iii.iiKi the Sis- ters of Charity. The last years of his life were devoteil to the establishment of an institution at Manh.attanville for the protection of desti- Ixtlilxochitl (ikst-lel-ho-cheet!'), Fer- nando DE Alv.4., an- Indian historian, de- scended in a direct line from the kings of Tezcuco, Mexico, b.ab. 1568; d.ab. 1648. He was interpreter of the native languages to the vicerovs of Mexico, and collecied many an- cient MSS. anil iraditionsof his country, which he embodi.d In i -> i ^ s „f nvinoirs or " Rela- tions." Hi- : , , , , ,t work is a "His- tory of till' I II I , Mliich, with most of his other iviinn.- u i^ lust printed by Lord Kingsb .riiu^'li. — Apjjieton. Izard, George, gen., h. S. C. 1777 ; d. Little Rock, Ark., Nov. 22, 1828. Son of Ralph. After receiving a classical education, and making a tour in Europe, app. a lieut. of art. June 2, 1794; engr. of fortifications in Charleston harbor in 1798; capt. July, N.C. U.S.atty in 17'JU ; n, ,, : Si.iteConst. Conv.inl796; U.S. .-Lii.itur :ii i:li7; and was a judge of the Tenn. Sup. Ct. in 1798-1804 ; maj.-gen. Tenn. militia 1798-1814. He com. in the battle with the Creek Indians at Tal- ladega in Nov. 1813; at the Einucfau 24 Jan. 1814 ; and at Horse-shoe Bend 27 Mar. 1814 ; made brig.-gen. U.S.A. 19 Apr. 1814; and maj -gen. 1 May, 1814. Commiss. in that year with Col. Hawkins to treat with the sub- dued trilics, and to establish military posts in their country. Jan. 8, 1815, he obtained a signal victory over the British forces at New Orleans, by which, and by his active and vigor- ous measures for the defence of that city, lie establi-shed a high reputation as a gen. In 1817-18 he suicessfnlly prosecuted the Sem- inole war; resigned his com. in 1819; was gov. of Fla. in 1S21-2 ; US. senator 1823-4 ; and in 1828, and again in 1832, was elected pies. The- events which particularly marked his administratiop were the difficulties with France about the payment of the indemnity, the suppression of the nullification movement JAC 477 JAC inS.C.in 1832, the war with the Seminole Sciences." ?." .^^^-S^ he - , ^^^ Indians, the removal of the deposits from the sumg h.s me.hca '"'' *";"™J^;„';"'^\Vj'^^^^ ''e^^.' U.S. Bank, and the controversy which ended made a P^-^f «ll''" '° ,4^'°",fJ'_^etTnee o^ Charles Dickmson (receivm-; himself a severe wound), bv which liis popularity was greatly impaired; md in Sept. 1813jn an aflfray Nashville w. the dissection of the of the disease ; and pub. honi;is H. Benton, he was severely wounded by Benton's brother Jesse. If his hot tempcM- led him into more than one affair injurious to his reputation, his humanity and benevolence were frequently exhibited. In 1835 an attempt upon his life was made by Richard Lawrence, afterward confined^as a lunatic. His bio?, has Eaton, 1818; William Cobbett, 1834; Amos Kendall, 1844 ; and by James Parton, 3 vols. Jackson, Charles, LL.D. (H.U. jurist, b. Newburvport, Ma" "' '""" ' ton, Dec. 13, 1855. H.U.I Jonathan. Charles s 18^1), '31,1775; 793. Son of Hon. Uiw in the office of Chief Justice Parsons; was adm. to practice in Essex Co. in 1796, rapidly attaining emi- nence; and in 1803 removed to Boston, where he was engaged with Judge Hubbard, his part- ner in the most lucrative practice in the State, attained the highest rank at a iih brilliant competitors. Judg' and where he barthroniicd w Ms.Sur. '■'■"< Const. I i ,n the Boston Med. Mag. (or 1832. Italy, he made a geol. tour of Sicily. In 1837 a controversy arose between Prof. Morse and Dr. Jackson in regard to their respective claims to the invention of the magnetic telegraph, the evidence respecting which has beeti pnn'ed- In 1836 he was app. State geologist of Me., of which he made 3 annual reports; in 18.39 of R. I., of which he made a report in 1 vol. ; m isin of N.H., occupying 3 years, of which he report in 1844. T' " ^ss on the southeri perior, and made known to the public the won- derful' mineral resources of that region. In 1847-9 he was app. bv Congress to survey the mineral .lands in Mich., his report of which was pub. in 1850. Dr. Jackson is also a claim- ant of the discovery of anaesthetics, and is the recipient of various honors on that account. ( See Morton, W. T. G. ) He has made numer- ous scientific discoveries, and has furnished many scientific communi.-ni.-ns ... .1,.^ .Tn,mml of Science and Arts, to tlir ' • - ' ""<■ and ioiheBulletindelaSu-u: -., / 'Wce. He has also pub. in the r ^ \\,i- ... ' •■.■ Auric. those all itor ; ifterwards aided I iMims, and especially in 1 . :ii..ns of debtor and cred- was app. one of the commiss. fy the State laws. He pub. a treatise upon the "Pleadings and Practice in Real Actions," 8vo, 1828. ^ „ ,„ . , Jackson, Charles Davis, D.D. (Norwich U 1859), b Salem, Ms., Dec. 15, 1811. Dartm. Coll. 1833; And. Theol. Sem. 1838. Prof, of Latin and Greek at Lane Sem. ; was head of a classical school at Petersburg, Va., 2 years; taught in Dr. Hawks's school at Flush- in"- L.I., f year; ord. priest in the Prot.-Epis. CiTirch, NY. City, Mar. 5, 1842; rector of St. Stephen's Church 1 or 2 years ; rector of St. Luke's, Staten Island, 1843-7 ; and since then of St. Peter's, Westchester, N.Y. He pub. a vol. on " Popular Education," on " The Relation of Education to Crime" (2 vols.), " Select Discourses," and " Sermons on a Fu- ture Stale." Jackson, Charles Thomas, M.D. (H.U. 18-^9) chcmi--t, niineraloffist, and geologist, b. Plymouth, Ms., June 21, 1805. Descended from Abraham, one of the early settlers^ of Plymouth, and, on the mother's side, from Rcv. John Cotton. While preparing himself for coll. his health failed, and he made an excur- sion on foot through N.Y. and N. J. with sev- eral disting. naturalists. Returning to Boston, he studied medicine. In the summer of 1S27 he made, in company with Francis Alger of Boston, a mineralogical and geological survey of Nova Scotia, an account of which is in the Amer. .Tonrnal of Science for 1828. In 1829 they renewed this survey, pub. a fuller account ill the " Memoirs of the Acad, of Arts and member of the State Reports the results of clicnin.a Indi: the cotton-plant, the tobacco-pli corn, and oil 38 varieties of Amer. grasses. He pub. in 1861 " Manual of Etherization, with a Histor- of the Discovery." — Appl'ton. Jackson, Claiuorne F., politician, b. Fleming Co., Ky., Apr. 4, 1807 ; d. Little Rock, Ark., Dec.' 6, 1862. He went to Mo. in 1822; was a capt. in the Black Hawk War; was 10 or 12 years in the State legisl. ; speaker of the house 1 year; and gov. ot Mo. in 1861. His efforts for the secession of the State were frustrated by Gen. Lyon ; and he was deposed by the State Conv. in July. He was made a gen. in the Confcd. army. , Jackson, Conrad Feger, bng.-gen. vols., b Pa. ; killed in the battle of Fredericksburg, Va Dec. 13, 1862. Before the war he had been connected with the Pa. Central and Read- Railroad: 861 He became col. 9th Pa. Re- eom. his regt. at the battle of and served under Gen. McCall in lar campaign. Made a brig.-gen. 2 he took com. of a brigade in Mo- on, which he led at So. Mountain serves in Drainsvill the Penin July 17, 1 CalVs div and Antietam. „ Jackson, Francis, b. Newton, Mar. i, 1789; d. Boston, Nov. 14, 1861. Many years pres. Ms. Antislaverv Society. Son of Major Timothy (1756-1814), a Revol. officer. He was at one time a member of the city govt., and the originator of many public improve- ments in Boston. He pub. a " Hist, ot New- ton." 1854. „ , a- 1 Jackson, Gen. Hexry, Kevol. ofhcer, b. Boston, 1748; d. there Jan. 4, 1809. App. col. 16th Ms. regt. Jan. 12, 1777 ; com. the 9th in 1779-82 (called the Boston rcgt.) ; and dis- ting. at R. L in 1778, and at Springfield, N.J., 478 in June, 1780. He afterward com. the 4th Ms. Jackson, IIenrt, M.D. (Phila. Coll.), LL.U., 1). Uevonshire, Eng., 1778; d. near Athens, Ga , Apr. 26, 1840. At the age of 12 he emigrated to Ainer., and was educated by his bro. Gen. James Jaclcson. Prof of math, and nat. philos. in the U. of Ga. 1811- 14 and 1817-28; sec. of legation in France 1814 ; and charqgd'aff'aires until 1817. Jackson, HenrV, d.d. (B.U. I8.54), h. Providence, K. I., June 16, 1798; d. Newport, R. I., Mar. 2, 186.3. B.U. 1817. Ord. over the 1st Baptist Church, Charlestown, Ms., Nov. 27, 1822; disni. Oct. 19, 1836; founded tlie Charlestown Female Sem. ; pastor of the First Church, Hartford, 1836-8; of New Bed- fonl, J;in. I, 1839 to Oct. 19, 1845, and of the CcntiMl Bn|iti,t Churth, Newport, from Jan. 24, 1847, I.) [jis death, llo pub. " Account of the Churches of K. I.," 8vu, 1854 ; and " An- niv. Discourse before the Central Baptist Church, Newport," 8 Jan. \SU. — Hlst. Maq. Ucc. 1868. Jackson, Henry Rootes, author and diplomatist, b. Savannah, Ga., 1819. Y. C. 1S:)9. Son of Dr. Henry. Educated at Frank- lin Coll., Athens, Ga. Was subsequently adm. to the bar; and was several years U. S. dist.- atty. for tlie State. He was also, at one period, one of the editors of the Samnnah Georgian. Col. of a Georgia regt. in the Mexican war. He was a judge of the eastern circuit from 1849 to 1853, when be was app. chan/g d'affaires at Vienna, and from 18.54 to 1858 was minister resilient. Made a brig.-gen. in the rebel army ill the beginning of the war, he had a com. on the Upper Potomac. Author of "TuUalah, and other Poems," 1851. Jaekson, Gkx. James, soldier and states- man, li D-vnn^liirn, I'll". Sr]it. 21, 1757; d. \V;i-liiirr-'i Mi^ -'i I" I'^iiG, In 1772 he camr M ^ r : ' 1! . .ii! I. ■jail to study law. N.itci-'' h.n Mi ■. n ii ir.l him lor a sol- iIhi. 1 ■,,; ,1 ; ■ 111 repelling the British from Sr ,1 \; 11 li, 1776; coin, a company III!:, , I .iriihi exped. of Gen. Howe; iiiiiH 11 1 Ml- Ilia], ul Ga. militia in 1778, and wcuialnl in the skirmish in which Gen. Scre- ven was killed ; took part in the defence of Savannah ; and when it fell, Dec. 29, 1 778, fied to S. C.. where he joined Gen. Moultrie. While 1111 his way, so wretched was his appear- ance, that some Whigs arrested, tried, and con- dciniicd him as a spy ; ab. to be executed, he was lortiinately recognized by a gentleman of reputation from Ga. In March, 1780, ho was severely wounded in a duel ; his adversary, Licut.-Gov. Wells, being killed. He joined Col. Elijah Clark in Aug. 17S0, and at the battle of Black-tocks was vol. aide to Sumter; in 1781 he was brig, major to Gen. Pickens, sharing in the victory of the Cowpens; and at the battle of Long 'Cane, when Col. Clark was disabled, saved bis com. from di-j"! i":i II<\\,i ai i!,r alter law; he m. in 17S5 ; was m.ade brig.-gen. in 1786 ; and was elected gov. of Ga. in 1788, but declined on account of youth and inexperience. M. C. 1789-91; U.S. senator 179-3-5 and 1801-6 ; maj.-gen. of militia 1792 ; chiefly in- strumental in framing the constitution of Ga. in 1"9S ani gov in 1"98-I801 Wl ile in Congre s he st enuouslv opposed the I II for the supi I s on ol the shve tride He\\iba ma 1 of I f ct o s temper b U ct appiovcd in te^ t^ a I j >t i tism His 1 o Gen Abra 1 n I II III ISIO —Nal Pol ( all Jackson, J\mes M D LED (H U 1854) plysi nn I o ofChule I Nevlur\ port t 3 17-7 d Boston A ■• 1867 H U 1-96 Foi 6 months ift ^ I ting he ws En^lsh teuheratLectstc \\1 le St idi d mo U ne un 1 r Di Hoi ol e f S km an 1 1 Eon 1 then retu ne 1 to B t n v,\\ c he be, in I ictceinlsoo In 18l( « ih Dr J C Wiiie 1 he piopo el the c til I h n nt of a lo [It il in Boston TheA^lumf tie Insane ^v IS soon establishe 1 at S n u lie i 1 aftei wai 1 the Ms Gen Ho p t I n Bo on of wl eh Di J k on wns the h t ] Insicnn and esi nc 1 1 1 1 S3 1 1 1 , July 2; ig. part, and com. a brigade, in the II Run, where, in the language of Gen. Bee, "Jackson stood like a He was soon after made a brig.. :-"",;:';; a maj.-gen., and assigned to the 1 -hester. He attacked Gen. Shields , Mar. 23, 1862, and was repulsed. \ '''./'.'. l:„r l„, „,|.n,-.,l „..nn his pnrsners, . 1 >:,".•', <;r ,.']■ 1 ,1- '..-! body " ' ' !■ '■ ::■■■'■ 1 ill army li..niwi,i,',ui >i :.l 1'.. ,.,, : ,'..,i.u;aL-iithim olf; but ho ,- • »■ '\ 111-:, in- them by a dis- -1 1 1 .Mmmand of re- t 1— 1 (,,moiis in both ,\-i 1 .■: 11 • :ii-L' l.nrk to ,■ , • C ,, -■-,'sMi,l :-:i ,,. r ■<.:.,■ ,1 -■, „n the -,:, 1 ,'. II, ,1x1 at Pr:,,".' ■ ' ■ ' , ■ M '' i'l'^riiU. Jack . , . , II 'II. ,■ II, ii.l'ope; Au- of ( ciiar ilountam, wirii tlie siuaii corps of Gen. Banks. Lee having joined Jackson, the latter was despatched, Aug. 24, to gain Gen. Pope's rear, which he did, capturing, at Ma- nassas, prisoniTs, cannon, and a large amount the 30th was fought the second battle of Ma- nassas. He took part in the invasion of Md. ; Sept. 15 captured Harper's Ferry, with 11,000 prisoners, and rejoined Lee at Antietam in season to do the severest fighting at that battle. Lieut.-gen. for the battle of Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. By his flank movement at Cbancellorsville, Mily 2, 1863, the llth corps of Hooker's army was routed, and compelled to fall back ; but in the darkness he was, by mistake, fired upon by his own men, and so severely wounded as to occasion his death a few days later. Jackson was Piesb. Church ; and his reli I appro.' a deacon m the ous fervor some- His ched the verge of f; - I dress were of the simplest de- SO JAM Jacobus, Mel\,vCthon Willia5I«, D.n. (,Kff. Coll. 185-2), LL.D. (U. of Miami 18G7) b Newark.N.J., 1810. N.J. Coll. 1834. Prof. Orient, and Bibl. Lit. in the Western Theol. Scm. (Presh.) Author of " Letters on the Pub- lic School Controversy;" "Notes on the Gos- pels and Acts," 3 vols. 1849-52; Question- Books for the same. JafFrey, George, successivelv councillor, judge, treas., and chief justice of N.H., b. New- 1682 ; d. Portsmouth, scription. Jackson, Timothy, inventor, d. Boston, Ms., Oct .■Sl, 1858. The hotel annunciator, the heavy ordnance by which the walls of the Malakoff and Redan were battered down at the storming of Sebastopol, the " Novelty Sd sewini^-machine, and manv other new and nse- ful inventions, were his. He, however, reaped little pecuniary benefit from his labors. Jackson, Major William, Rcvol. officer, b. Cumberland, Eng., Mar. 9, 1759; d. Phila. J^r-sV'af a,f^!;?5^ S;y':.^a[ed; m;;';;-^;^ ma;;hine:shops, the construction of a licut. 1st S.C. regt. June, 1775; aide toGen. --""" Lincoln in the fight at Stono, June^20, 1779; .__5tle, N.H., No Mays, 1749. H.U. 1702. ^ ^ . James, Charles T., inventor, b. West Greenwich, R.I., 1804; d. Sag Harbor L.I., Oct. 17, 1862, from wounds received by the explosion of a shell of his own manufacture. A. M. of Brown U. 1838. He learned the trade of a carpenter; at 19 began to study mechanics, at the same time learning, as a work- Providence, capt. Oct. 9, 1779, In the repulse at Savannah; and made prisoner at Charleston, May 12, 1780; in 1781 sec. to Col. John Laurens, special minister to France; aide-decamp to Washing- ton, with the rank of mnjor ; assist, sec. of war under Gen. Lincoln 1782-3; and after a visit to Europe practised law at Pliila.; in 1787 sec. to the convention that framed the U.S. Constitu- tion; aide and private sec. to Washington 1789- 93; spent two years in Europe; and Nov. 11, 1795, m. Elizabeth Willing of Phila, who d. Aug. 5,1858. Surv. of the port of Phila. 1.96- 1801 ; sec. of the Soc. of Cincinnati 1800-2S ; solicitor of Revol. pensions, Jan. 1820. After his removal fiom the office of surveyor by Jefferson, he started The PoUlkul and Commer- cial Register, a daily newspaper. He delivered the funeral-oration upon Washington in rh\\a.. Jackson, William, D.D. (Middleb. Coll. 18391, minister of Dorset, Vt., b. Cornwall, Ct 14 Doc. 1768; d. Dorset, Vt., 15 Oct. 1842. Dartm. Coll. 1790. Old. 27 Sept. 1796. He studied theology with Dr. Emmons, and founded the first education society in the U.S. His wife, Susanna Crane of Brentwood, N.H., b. 1771, d. 1848. Some of her interesting let- ters are pub. in the Memoirs of her dau. Hen- rietta A. L. Hamlin, wife of the missionary. Jackson, William, philanthropist, b. Newton, Ms., Sept. 6, 1783 ; d. there Feb 27, 1855. Member Ms. legist. 1829-32; M.C. 1834-7 and 1841-3; and filled other important public stations. He was a pioneer in railroad enterprises in Ms., and a zealous laborer for the causes of temperance and antislavery. Jacob, Stephen, chief justice of Vt.; d. Windsor, Vt., Feb. 1817, a. 61. Yale, 1778. Jacobs, Sarah S., b. R.I , dau. of Rev. Bela Jacobs, a Bapt. minister ; resides in Cam- bridgeport, Ms. She has pub. " Nonantum and Natick," a popular history of the N.E machinery. Removing be became supt. of Slater's steam cotton-mills, and maj.-gen. of militia. At Newburyport he erected the Bartlett and James Mills; and subsequentlv erected cotton-mills in Salein, Ms., in N.Y., Pa., Ind., and Tenn. ; and in 1849 built the Atlantic Delaine Mill at Olney- ville, HI. U.S. senator from 1851 to 1857, when he devoted himself to the perfection of several inventions, among then a rifled cannon and a new projectile. He wrote a series of papers on the culture and manufacture of cot- ton in the South. . James, Edwiv, M.D., botanist and geol 0"-ist to Maj. Long's 1st exped.; d. 1862. Mid. Coll. 1816. Pub. "Exped. to the Rocky Mountains in 1818-19," Svo, Phila. 1823; editcdLifeof John Tanner. ^^„ J /, I James, Henry, author, b. Albany, N.Y., ^. »42 to Va. ; but was compelled to leave, or conform to the Eng. Church. He returned to N. E. in June, 1643; and was minister of Needham, Snffoll?, Eng., until ejected for non- conformity in 1662. Calamy calls him " a very holy good man." His son Thomas was minister of E. Hampton, L.I., from 1650 till hisd., 1696. James, Thomas Chalklet, M. D., b. Phila. 1766; d. tliere July 25, 1835. U. of Penn. 1787. Abel, his father, a Quaker of Welsh origin, was a successful merchant of Phila. His mother was a dau. of Thom.is Chalkley, the eminent Quaker preacher. He was educated at Robert Proud's school; stud- ied medicine ; went as surgeon of a ship to the Cape of Good Hope ; studied in London and Edinb. from 1790 to 1793, when he returned home to witness the ravages of yellow-fcvcr. In 1803 he founded the school of midwifery in America. For 25 years he was phy.sician and then obstetrician in the Pa. Hospital. Some years pres. of the Phila. Coll. of Physicians. He was prof, of midwifery in the U. of Pa. from 1811 to 1834; was a skilful practition- er, and an able teacher. Founder of the Pa. Hist. Soc. Ho eontrib. to the Portfolio, under the signature of " P. D.," translations in verse, of much beauty, of the Idylls of Gcssner. As- soc, editor of the Eclectic Repertorii. — Gross's Med. IJio!j. James, William, author, b. England ; d. there 1827. He emig. to the U.S. early in the present century, and was a veterinary surgeon in Phila. Unsuccessful in this pursuit, he re- turned to Eng. in disgust, and employed his pen in abusing the Americans. In this spirit he wrote, in 1817 and 1818, "Naval Occur- rences of the Late War" (1 vol.), "Military Occurrences of the Late War" (2 vols.), works of no authority; and "An Inquiry into the Merits of the Principal Naval Actions between Gr. Brit, and the U.S., &c., since June, 1812," 4to, 1816. His "Naval History of Great Britain, 1793-1820," was pub. in 5 vols. 1822. Jameson, Charles Davis, brig-gen. vols., b. Gorham, Me., Feb. 24, 1827; d. Old- town, Mc, Nov. 6, 1862. He received a lim- ited education, and engaged in the lumber- business. He led his regt. (2d Me.) at Bull Kun ; and for his services was made brig.-gen. Sept. 3, 1861. He participated in the 7-days' fight about Richmond, and after the battle'of Fair Oaks was attacked with camp-fever, and returned home only to die. A ilclegate to the Charleston convention. He was a warm per- sonal friend of Mr Douglis; and was in 1861 and 1862 Democ. candidate for gov. of Me. Jameson, Col. David, Revol. officer ; d. Culpeper Co., Va., Oct. 2, 1839, a. 87. He fought at the battle of Great Bridge, Dee. 9, 1775 ; and afterward served in 1780 and 1781 in the Southern States, in the brigade of Stevens. In 1790 and '91 he was a delegate to the Va. legisl. ; was afterward a magistrate, and high sheriff of the Co. His elder bro. John held a disling. com. to the close of the war ; and was clerk of the county. Jameson, John Alexander, LL.D. (U. of Vt. 1867),juristand scholar, b.Irasburg,Vt., 25jan 1824. U.ofVt. 1846. Tutorihcrein 1850-3; began practice in Freeport, III., iu 1853, and settled in Chicago in April, 1856; since Nov. 1865 judge of the Superior Ci)urt of Chicago, now called the Sup. Court of Cook Co. In 1866 he pub. "The Constitutional Convention, its Historv, Powers, and Modes of Proceeding," Svo, N'Y. One of the editors of the Amei: Law Register, pub. at Phila. since Nov. 1863; and since 1867 prof, of const, law, equitv, jurisp., &c., in the law school of the U. of'Chicago. He has in press ( 1 871 ) a " Trea- tise on the Law of Judicial Sales." Janes, Edmond Storek, D.D. (Vt. U. 1844), bishop M. E. Church, b. Sheffield, Ms., Apr. 27, 1807. When about 4 years of age, his parents removed to Salisbury, Ct. From 1824 to 1830 he was a teacher, at the same time studying law. Resolving to preach the gospel, he in Apr. 1830 received his app. in the Phila. conference; ord. deacon in 1S32, and elder in 1 8.34. After 6 years' study of r he- ology, and while engaged in his pastoral duties, he studied medicine, receiving the deg. of M.D. (Vt. U.) 1842. In May, 1840, he was elected financial sec. of the Amer. Bible Society, and continued in that office until elected bishop in 1844. — SeeJanes Famili/, 8vo, 1888. Janeway, Jacob J., D.D., many years pastor of the Second Presb. Church, Phila., b. N. Y. Citv, 1776 ; d. New Brunswick, N. J., June 27, 1858. Col. Coll. 1794. Ord. 1799. He was in 1828 pres. of the Western Thcol. Sem, at Alleghany City. During the h'st 30 years of his life he resided chiefly in N. Bruns- wick, sustaining for some time the relation of pastor of the Uef. Dutch Church, and vice.- prcs. of Rutgers Coll. He was active in found- ing the Princeton Theol. Sem., and was a di- rector 40 years. Author of " Apostolic Age ; " review of " Schaff s Hist, of the Church in the Middle Ages," 8vo, 1 853 ; " Expos, of the Acts, and the Epis. to Romans and Hebrews; " " In- ternal Evidence of the Bible ; " " On Unlawful Marriage ; " " Abrahamie Covenant ; " " Moile of Baptism," &c. A biog. is in the Phila. Presb. Moq. May, 1853. " ^Janney, Samuel M., Friend. App. carlv in 1869 U.S. supt. of Indian affairs in the North- ern Siincrintcndcncv. h. Loudon Cu.. Va.. 11 Jan. I--I, Aii:l o;-ni ■• I'll.. CmUii;,, Srliuol- H, Re lig. Si; , . :■, i . ! . I l.iiape, andutl.i/ I'uci;.-. ■ 1; y, 'A Tl,.- :. -Uill," 1840; "Hist. Sketch of the Chriiiian Church," 1847; "Life of Penn," 8vo, ie52 ; " Life of Geo. Fox," 1855 ; " Hist, of the Religious 482 Society of the Friends to 1828," 4 vols. 1867. Janney, Thomas, ati eminent Quaker min- ister, 1). Cliesiiire, Eng., 16.34; d. tliero Dec. 12, I69G. He.^ettlol in Bu. ks Co., Pa., in 1683, wlicre lie laUmid iicerptaMv, and also in N. J. He visited tl..' r|]n.vlirs .,1 N.E., Lon- Island, and Md., anl linallv went to Kn-land witli G. Owen in IG'JJ. — Cull, of Qiaker ileiiarials. Janvrin, Mary W. (Mrs. Ellsworth), au- thoress, I). Exeter, N.H., 1830; d. Newton, Ms., 15 Aiiu'. 1870. Her ancestor came from the Isle of Guernsey before 1775. Educated at Exeter Female Sem. She began a literary ca- reer at 18 with a prize tale for a Boston jour- nal ; became a contrib. of prose and versa to periodicals; and in 1858 became a regular con- trib. to Godeij's Ladji's Book. She pub. " Cy- pressLcaves, by Louise J. Cutler, with a Biog 1856. Jarves, Jajies Jackson, nntbor, K. Bos- ton, Aug. 20, 1818. Hereeriv. M . nf .lo- cation in Boston, but, on am. ^ of his eyes, abandoned his cci,;. _ i.i, In 1838 he sailed for the SandwicU l,l,u..j,, v.Iric be resided some years as U.S. consul, and jiub. the Polynesian, the first newspaper ever jjrinted there. He travelled extensively in Calitbniia, Mexico, and Central America. After his return to the U.S. he jjub. a " History of the Sand- wich Islands," 1843 ; " Scenes and Scenery of the Sandwich Islands," 1844; and " Scenes and de- p.ii: ; I .:,:i ■■'. I-! ni.lst.H,!; plar,. in .Tan. 1848. 11- ■ ^ I .. ' iv-iil.M in Kluirnre, engaged in I < .ill,: ] 1. iiiirs to luini lln; nucleus of an Anier.cau galier.v. lie lias pub. also " Parisian Sights and French Principles," 1855; "Art Hints," 1855, a work afterward expanded into " Art Studies ; " " Italian Sights and Papal Principles," 1856; a second series of "Parisian Sights," 1856; " Kiana, a Tradition of Ha- waii," 1857; "Confessions of an Inquirer" and "Art Thoughts," \S6;v"< S.vi.fv. nnrl in 184S pub. "War and I' t'; I'vils of the I'irst, with a Plan tu, -ir. i , ■_ il.o La»t." The committee of i;,,, , , in tlie rS. srn:ur rriK,rt-d in l.iw,r „t h„ ],lan. Hi- iMiMi.Tun. ,,„ -aiions were wiilely uircii- l.it^ il, an.l rxr,.i,r,l nuirli infliicncc on pnblic o|.niiun. Ami,.. I- ,,l ■• Liit- and Wrilin-s of John Jay," ■!■ vols. 8v,). N. Y. 1833. He was ail iiblo judge and a skilful controversialist. Jefferson, Joseph, comedian, b. Eng. 1776 ; d. Harrisbnri, Pa , An;. 4, 1832. Ron •of a distin- ?<'>r.r mn .^-m;. --:.-,■ v,-ith Din-ick ; came to I! ' --n :;. ; :'''■ ; ; : ■ 'i- i. I -'i i- ■md inN.Y, ti,: : ^ ■ •. •.!'.■ •■• .tc hclon^i-; ■,!•.. •■••:■ l".--i. ->. Lop. Jefferson, Joseph, comedian, an able ex- ponent of the natural school of personation, b. Pbila. Feb. 20, 1829. Grandson of tlie preced- ing. His mother was Mrs. Burke, a celebrated vocalist. He appeared very early on the stage, and earned distinction in a great variety of comic jiarts, from Bob Acres to Caleb Plum- mer. He has starred in Eng., Australia, and the U.S. Sept.4,186.i, he opened at thoAdcl- phi, London, in a new version of " Rip Van Winkle," by Dion Boncieanlt, which he has since performed uitli ^r ,t u -~ In the U.S. Thou^'h identified ^^ i i ; i in which he has made his gn:ii : n i i ,, im range of characters is very lai . an I ,i .u. - the most re- fined comedy witli ilic broadest farce. His son by his first wife, a Miss Lockyer of N.Y., is said to inherit the family talent. — Brown's Amer. Stage. Jefferson, Thomas, LL.D., 3d pres. of the U.S., b. Shadwcll, afterward called Mon- ticello, Va., 2 Apr. 1743; d. there 4 July, 1826, on the same day with John Adams, — the ,')Orli anniversary of the 1 )•• I 1 la. > \\ m an i M. Coll. 1759. S..a , : I r a a great force of chaia. I I; Uestudied law un-tam, his U.S. I'' I a a a ; I, ,.,, , , . : ,-, aiidfavorcd .. a I . M . ■'. .an ,. ...^ a l|. T uair with I I 1 .1. a I .. I a , la , in, ntlire 31 Dee. 1793. 1 .. Ill able report in Feb. i: n I la another, in the spring ni laij, lia a, III- K- ations of tlic U.S. with Spain ; and in 1 793 an elaborate report on Commercial Intercourse with Foreign Nations. Vice-pres. in 1797-1801; pres. 1801-9. His Inaugural Address, delivered at the new Capitol at Washington, Mar. 4, 1801, is unsurpassed among his many great State pajjers. Among the important events of his administration anil signed liy every mcmljer except John IJiek- the attack, the same year, nt tiie isritisn Ingate inson of Fa." Tlus, the most important State "Leopard" on the American frigate " Ches- paper in existence, has exerted, and will con- apeake," which led to Jefferson's embargo act 485 nessofd.v-- ::: : .'. difinily and Lcuniuuv i;i \\'.i=ui.i_io:i'a n.i. In 1819lic(ou.iduatlicU.otVa.atCliuiluUi;svillc, of which he was rector till his death. As the founder of the Repub. {Democ.) party. .Jeffer- son lias probably cx'T'cI :i .j-fi'-r infl'H'nreon theinstitiitionsof ih" r ^ •!) -i ',.■.! urin. All titles were di^l:|.( i n !■■ 'in II hi, a consummate poiiin ; .n, i,i.'.,_:i i," -,. ..klt. Pi.ri.,- f.M- t.rtUbihiy, lii, c^iiv,r-.ui.,,( u.is fill '!' vi' .'. and eloquent. His extreme N ~ were very much modiKed in 1.1 ill 11 linion he was a freethinker. llio ■ ilcinijiio, Correspondence," &c., edited by his graniUon, T. J. Randolph, were pub. 4 vols. Svo, 1S29 ; his " Writin-s," in 9 vols. 8vo, ISoS-.o. His " Manual of i'arliainentary Practice" is still in use by legislative bodies. — See also his Life, bi/ U. S. Randitll, 3 vols. Svo, 1858; by George Tuclcer, Svo, 18.36; B. L. Uaiiner, 1834 ; 'Life and IVorlcs, bi/ Randall, 12 vols 186.i. Jeffries, John, M.D. (U. of Aberdeen, 17G'J), b. Bustun, Feb. 5, 1745; d. Sept. 16, 1819. H.U. 1763. He studied medicine with Dr. Lloyd, and attended medical lectures in Lond. and at Aberdeen. He returned to Bos- ton, where he continued to practise with great bueecss, being fiorn 1771 to 1774 sui'geon of a ship of the line there. Upon the evacuation of that town by the British, he aecomp. Gen. Howe to Halifa.K, who made him surgeou.-gen. to the (orces in Nova Scotia in May, 1776. In Mar. 1779 he went again to Eng., where he was made surgeon-major to the forces in Amer., and entered upon his duties, Mar. U, 1780, at Charleston, S.C. In Dec. 1780 he was again in Loud., where he practised successfully, and occupied himself much with scientilic re- search. He undertook two aerial voyages, the second of wliich, Jan. 7, 1785, wasfioin Dover, across the Biitish Channel, into tlie forest of Guieniie, in the province of Artois, France. These expeditions brought him into notice ; procured for him access to all the learned and seientific societies of Paris, and to the medical and anatomical schoolsof that metropolis. A paper which he drew up, giving the result of these experiments, was read before the lioyal Society of London. In the summer of 1789 he returned to Boston, where he is said to have delivered the first public lecture on anatomy, a science of which he was very fond. Jenifer, Daniel, of St. Tliomas, d. Md., Nov. 1790, a. 67. Member Old Congress 1778-82, and of the convention which formed the Federal Constitution. Jenifer, Daniel, minister to Austria (1841-5). Son of Daniel of St. Thomas ; d. Dec. 18, 1855, near Port Tobacco, Md. He was frequently a member of the Md. legisl., and was M.C. in 1831-3, and in 1835-41. Jenison, Silas IL, gov. of Vt. 1835-41 ; d. Sliorcliain, Vt., Sept. 30, 1849. Jenkins, Albert Gallatin, gen. C. S. A., b. Cabell Co., Va., 10 Nov. 1830; killed in battle at Dublin, Va., May 7. 1864. He was educated at the Va. Military lust., at .LIT r.ill , Pii, (is+s), and at the Camb. Law ^1 iiii 111 I I 111: liiif, ik-voting himself to agri- I i 1 I- I law. Member of the ' ' lii.e.iii.ni in 1856; M.C. 1857- bl , incu....: ul Ilie (^'unlnl. IVov, ("'..nLTc-s in ISiil; reaigned to take tl;- i ■ ' "f i ■ -i ii. ; com. a brigade in A. 1'. i 1 , i, and afterward in Stuart's eai,,:, \ ..:|, , ,.,i, dis- ting. at Gettysburg; andsi.iii.d in tiic .'ineiian- doali Valley and VVestein Va. Jenkins, Anna a., a philanthropic Qua- keress of Providence, b. Sept. 1, 1790 ; d. Nov. 20, 1849, by the conflagration of her residence. She inherited the entire estate of William Almy her father, most of that of Moses Brown her grandfather, and great part of that of Obadiab nrnwii ln-r nn-Ir. Kar'v in lilr, she Friend'.' . ' '\ ' '. \ ■ i"' o'f the U..S. ,i,in l.iiiiii.i- il 1 .1. n- in- coIq i-asyl in Pi lor childr of Jenkins, John Stilweli,, editor and auilior, b. AlUiny, N.Y., Feb. 15, 1818; d. Sept. 20, 1852. After passing two years at Ham. Coll., he studied law; commenced prac- tice at VVeedsport, X.Y., in 1842 ; soon became disiing. ; and in 1843 m. a grand-dau. of Gen. John Fellows of the Revol. army. Editor of the Cai/Mjti Tocsin. Among his pubs, are a Book' of Legal Forms; an Abridgment of Hammond's Political History of N.Y., 1846; " Alice Howard," a premium novelette, writ- ten lor a Phila. periodical ; " Life of Silas \Vi ight," 1847 : " Hist, of the War with Mexi- co," 1848; "Nairatioti of the Exploring Es.- ped.," 1849; Lives of Jackson, Polk, and Calhoun ; '* A Compilation of the Lives of Dieting. Generals of the War of 1812;" " Lives of the Governors of New York," 1851 ; and " Heroines of History," 1853. Jenkins,TnoRXTON'A.,rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Va. Dec. 11, 1811. Midshipm. Nov. 1, 1828; lieut. Dec. 9, 1839; com. Sept. 14, 1855; ca|jt. July 16, 1802; commo. July 25, 1806; chief of bureau of navigation 1805-9; lear-adm. Sept. 1870. Attai hid to roast survey 1836-41; com. Mi.ni.ii I;. In.d" 1847; and present at Tiii n , i I a-io; coast survey 1848-52; i , I lile," and Paraguay exped. Ib.'ii-ii i, ; im -loop "Wachusett" 1862; re|nilscd the lebeU at Coggen's Point, James River, Aug. 1802; cotn. " Oneida," W. Gulf block, squad., Is62 ; Farragut's fleet-capt. at passage of Port Hud- son, Mar. 14, 1803 ; and in the attacks of Port II. in May; its capture in July; and at the battleof Mobile Bay, Aug. 5, 1804; and highly complimented for zeal and efficiency by his fl.ig-offieer. — Ilunerst,/. JenkS, Joseph, a pioneer inventor of America, 1). Hammersmith, near Lond. ; came to Lynn, Ms., ab. 1645 ; d. 1083. He was the first founder who worked in brass and iron on the Western continent. May 6, 1646, he re- ceived from the legisl. a patent "for the mak- ing of engines for mills to go by water," and for the making of scythes and other edged tools with a new-invented sawmill; in May, 1655, he received another patent for an improve- JEN 486 ment in the manuf. of scythes; in Oi-t. IC52 he is said to have maJe the dies for the silver coinage of tlie State; in 165+ he contracted with the selectmen of Boston " for an engine to carry water in case of tire;" in 1667 he petitioned the General Court " to advance a sume for ye encouragement of wyer drawing," &c. His works weie on the S'augus River, Lynn. —Lewis's Hist, of Li/nn. Jenks, Joseph, gov. of R.I. 1727-32, pre- viously de|j.-gov., b. Pawtucket, R.I., 1656; d. June 15, 1740. Grandson of ihe preceding. Gov. J. was the tallest man in R.I., standing 7 feet 2 inches in his stockings. Plis bro. Wui., a judge, d. 176.i, a. 90. Jenks, Samuel Hatnes, journalist, b. Boston 20 Sept. 1789; d. So. Boston, 23 Sept. 1S63. Founder and first editor of the Nan- tucket /nijHiVer ; afterward connected with the press of Boston, and ed. the So. Boston Regis- ter. Member of both branches of the legisl., and State commiss. of insurance; a man of ster- ling character, and of considerable literary merit. — See KettiU's Specimens of American Jenks, WiLi-iAM, D. D. (Bowd. 1825), LL. 1). (Bowd. 1862), clergyman and author, li. Newton, Ms., Nov. 25, 1 778; d. Boston, Nov. 13, 1866. H. U. 1797. He occupied himself in teaching; then as reader at Ciirist's Church, Cambridge, Ms. ; was ord. at Bath, Me., Dec. 26, 1805; dism. Sept. 10. 1823. From 1815 to 1818 he was prof, of English and Oriental literature in Bowd. Coll., Me. Returning to Boston in 1818, he opened a private school. He there founded the Seamen's Bethel, the first institution for the free reli- gious education df seamen, and the parent of many similar institutions. From Oct. 25, 1826, to Oct. I, 1845, he was pastor of a Cong, church in Green Street, and at that time wrote his " Comprehensive Commentary " on the Bible, of which 120,000 vols, were sold. Author of " Explan. Bible Atlas and Scrip- ture Gazetteer," 4to, 1849 ; Anniv. Address bef. Amer. Antiq. Soc. 21 Oct. 1863; and of some occasional sermons and discourses. One of the founders of the Amer. Oriental Society ; and was a valuable member of numerous liter- ary, hist., and religious bodies. Jenney, Rev. Robert, LL.D., b. War- ingstown, Ireland, 1687; d. Phila. Jan. 5, 1762. Trin. Coll. Dublin. Son of Arch- deacon Jcnnev. Chaplain in the navy 1710- 14; assist. to"Rcv. Mr. Evans at Phila. until 1717 ; chaplain to the fort in New York ; rec- tor at Rye, Westchester Co., N.Y., from June, 1 722, to 1 725 ; of the church at Hempstead, L.I, from 1725 to 1742; and of Christ Cliurtli. Phila., 1742-62. — Z>ojr's Hist. Christ Ch . I ■lulu. Jennings, Jonathan, first gov. of Ind. (lsni-2.'), 1). Hunterden Co., N.J.; d. near ClKMlrsiuwn, Clarke Co., Ind., Julv 26, 1834. M.C. 1809-16 and in 1822-31. In 1818 he was app. by Pres. Monroe Indian commis- sioner. Jennison, S-A.m0el, antiquarv, b. Brook- field, Ms., Feb. 24, 1788; d. Worcester, Mar. U, 1860. At the age of 12 he went to Wor- cester to reside with his uncle, Hon. Oliver Fiske ; became connected with the Worcester Bank, first as accountant, and until 1846 as cashier ; was treas. of the Worcester Co. Sav- ings Inst, from 1828 to 1853 ; was many years connected with the Amer. Antiq. Society as librarian and corresp. sec. ; and was also town- clerk of Worcester, and treas. of the State Lunatic Hospital from 1847 to 1857. He wrote much, both in prose and verse, and gathered much valuable biographical material, which he passed over to Rev. Dr. Allen just before the publication of the 2d edition of his Biog. Diet, in IS3'>. — Hist. Ma^. iv. 254. Jesse, Philip; d. New Garden, Russell Co., Va., 1 Dec. 1858, a. 120. When in his 100th year, he cut and split 100 rails. Jesup, Thomas Sidxet, maj.-gen. US. A., b. Va. 1788; d. Washington, D.C., June 10, 1860. App. lieut. of inf. May 3, 1808 ; brig.- maj. and acting adj. -gen. to Gen. Hull, 1812; eapt. Jan. 1S13; maj. 19th Tnf .\]iril 6, 1S13; transferred 1814 to 25th Tnf : luw limt.-col. "fordi-ting.and merit..,-,, , u- v.rvnv in ii.r bat- tle of Chippewa," Julv 5, isu; i.iTv. .-..l.-f.jr the battle of Niagar.i," July 25, 1814, in which he was severely wounded; licut.-col.3d Inf Apr. 30,1817; adj.-gcn. (rankofcol.) Mar. 27,1818; quarterm.-gen. (rank brig.-gen.) 8 May, 1818; brev. maj.-gen. 8 May, 1828; took com. of the army in the Creek Nation May 20, 1836 ; and succeeded Gen. Call in com. of army in Fla., Dec. 8, 1836; wounded in action with Semi- noles near Jupiter Inlet, Jan. 24, 1838. — Card- William, LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1848), jurist and philanthro))ist, h. Southamp- ton, L.I. ,June21, 1797; d. Montro.se, Pa., Sept. 11,1868. Y. C. 1815. He moved to Montrose in 1818 ; was adm. to the bar in 1820, and had a lucrative practice; was many years a vice- pres. of the A.B.C.F.M.; a pioneer in the causes of temperance and education ; anil chief found- er of the Agric. Society. Fiom 1S33 to 1851 he was pres. jcidge of the 1 1th judicial dist. of Pa. — Ohit. Reconl of Y. C. 1869. Jeter, Jeremiah B., D.D., Baptist clergy- man, b. Bedford Co., Va., July 18, 1802. He entered the ministrv in Bedford Co. in 1822; removed to the " Northern Neck " of Va. in 1827, where he was pasior of the Maratico Church in Lancaster Co., and of the Nicomico Church in Northumberland Co. In 1836 he • became p.istor of the First Baptist Church in Richmond, Va. ; in 1849 of the Second Church in St. Louis, iMo. ; and in 1852 of the Grace-st. Baptist Chnrch, Richmond, Va. Besides ser- mons, eontribs. to periodicals, &c., ho his pub. a " Memoir of Rev. A. B. Clapton," " Lile of Mrs. Henrietta Shuck," "Memoir of liev An- drew Broadus," the " Christian Minor," and a controversial volume entitled " Campbellism Examined," 1855. — Appleton. Jewell, Marshall, gov. of Ct. 1868-70, J pliy and electricity in Boston; 1825.^ He was lied telegra- absequently engaged in constructing and superintending tcleg lines between Louisville and N. Orleans; and in 1850 commenced in Hartford, Ct., the manuf of leather-belting. He was piominent in support of the Govt, during the Rebellion, 487 and contrib. largely to tlie support of the sol- diers. Bro. of Uarvey Jewell, speaker Ms. H. of 1 ;ps. -71. Jewett, Charles Coffin, scholar and bihlioijrapher, b Lelianon, Me., Au!,'. 12, 1816; d. Iirainiree,Ms.,Jan. 9, 1868. Brown U. 1835. Ho studied at the And. Theol. Seui., of which he was for a time librarian ; and in 1843 he ar- ran^;,'eil and (.•.it;ilo;;nrd thu lil.rary of Brown U. He wa, all.'i .\ ,11.1 ,i:i ,11 I ri aii.l i.i.il, (,l iriii lern lanjinij : - i - \ -■ and ibra V.i :;z Ai,i. ir, ,,f the alix to the .rt of the Board of Re;;ents. He was supt. of the Boston Public Library from 18.18 until his death. Jewett, Isaac Appi.kton, lawyer and au- thor, b. Burlington, Vt., Oct. 17, 1808; d. Keene, N.H., Jan. 14, 1853. H.U. 1830. He established himself in the practice of law, first in Cincinnati, and afterwards in New Orleans. Authorof " Passages in Travel," Boston, 1838; and "The Appleton Memorial," Boston, 1850. — A'. E. 11. and Gen. lie,/, vii. 197. Jewett, John K., author of " A Narrative of Shipwreck and Suffering in Nootka Sound " in 1812; d. Hartford, Ct., Jan. 1821, a 57. Jewett, LuTHEB, M.C. 1815-17, b. Canter- bury, Ct., Dec. 24, 1772; d. St. Jobnsburv, Vt., Mar. 8, 1860. Dartm. C^ili. 1795. lie practised medicine at Putney and at St. Johns- bury, Vt. ; was afterward pastor of Cong. Ch. at Newbury, Vt., from Feb. 28, 1821, to Feb. 19, 1828. Pub. the Farmer's Herald at St. Johnsbury, 1828-32 ; also, 2 years of the time, the Friend, a Freemason paper; also a Hist. Discourse del. at St. Johnsbury, Dec. 3, 1818. Jewett,MiLO Parker, LL D.,b. St. Johns- bury, Vt., 1808. Dartm. Coll. 1828 ; Andover Theol. Sem. 18.33. Late minister Presb. church, and prof, in Marietta Coll., O. (1835-8); pres. Vassar Female Coll. Author of " Mode and Subjects of Baptism." Jewett, William, portrait-painter, b. E. Haddam, Ct., Feb. 14, 1795. He worked on a farm ; then became a coach maker's apprentice, and went to N.Y. City, where he studied with Samuel Waldo, whose partner he became. Their joint productions were often successful likenesses ; and lor many years they were fully occupied in New York. — Tuchrman. Jogues (zbog), Isaac, a French mission- arv, b. Orleans, Jan. 10, 1607 ; killed at Caugh- nawaga, N.Y., Oct. 18, 1646. He became a Jesuit at Rouen in 1624 ; was ord. in 1636, and at his own request sent immediately to Canada. He vir.ited Miscon and Quebec ; preached to the Hurous ; and early in 1642, with Father Raym- baut, crossed Lake Huron, and founded a mis- sion among the Cbippewas in Michigan. In the summer he went to Quebec for supplies. On his return through N. Y. he was taken by a party of Mohawks, who cut off one of his thumbs, tore out his finger-nails, and put him to other tortures. He remained with them as a slave and missionary until the summer of 1643, when he escaped to Albany, and was taken to New Amsterdam. He sailed for Eu- rope in Nov., but was shipwrecked on the Eng- lish coast. Reaching France, he was treated with great consideration, and invited to court. He returned to Canada, and in May, 1646, con- cluded a treaty between the Alohawks and the French. Visiting Lake George, which he named Lake Saint Sacrament, he descended the Hudson to Fort Orange. He went again among the Mohawks as a missionary, ami was seized and put to death as a sorcerer. His Let- ters have been pub. in the N.Y. Hist. Soe. Colls., and his description of tlie New Nelherlands in the Doc. Hist, of N.Y., and rep. with Notes and Memoir by J. G. Shea, 1 862. He also left a Memoir of Rene Goupil, one of his companions in tlic Huron mi->i..ii, and a Journal, pub. by AlcL-.nnlie ill 111- ■■.l/-.,/..s /liuslns," linnie, 1667. Johlies, ri.Moriiv, ]).l). ( Y.('. 1783), min- to his d., Sept. 19, 1794 ; b. Southampton, L.L, May 24, 1717. Y. C. 1737. Johns, John, D.D. (N.J.Coll. 1834), LL.D. (Wm. and M. Coll. 1855), Pr.-Ep. bishop of Va. N.J. CIllM... Pits. Wm. and M. Coll. 1849-54; o.ii.rr, at IJhhni.ind, Oct. 13, 1842. Johns, Ki.NSLV, ]iiii?t ; d. Newcastle, Del., Cec. 21, 1848, a. 90. A Revol. soldier. Last surviving member of the Del. convention which app. delegates to adopt the U.S. Con^titution, and also' of the conv. that formed the first con- stitution of that State ; U.S. senator from Del. in 1794-5 ; many years chief justice, and after- ward chancellor of Del. Johns, Kexsey, LL.D. (Jeff. Coll. 1846), jurist, sun of the preceding, b. Del. Dec. 10, 1791; d. Newcastle, Mar. 28, 1857. N.J. Coll. 1810. He studied law, and was adm. to prac- tice in 1813; was M. C. 1827-31; and chan- cellor of Del. from 1832 till his death. He was a learned, firm, and impartial Judge ; many years a ruling elder in the Prcsb. Church. Johnson, Alexander Bryan, author and banker, b. Gosport, Eng., May 29, 1786 ; d. 1867. A.M. of Ham. Coll. 1832. He came to the U.S. in 1801, and established himself in Utiea, N.Y. He was adm. to the bar, but never practised. He pub. " Philosophy of Human Knowledge, or a Treatise on Language," 1828 ; " Treatise on Language, or the Relalion which Words bear to Things," 1836; "Physiology of the Senses," 18.56; "The Meaning of Words analyzed," &c., 1854; "Nature of Value, Capital," &c., 1813; "Religion in its Rclati.iii to ih.. Prr.scnt Life," 1840; " Eney- cl'i; .1 ! i ' ' I lain, or Apologues and Bre- vi.u , i M.iiiners," 1857; "A Guide to !lj. l;i^,,i I I -landing of our American Uniuij," I.-..;, iiLati.sc on Banking ;"" Lec- tures to Young Men ; " addresses, and an ora- tion, July 5, 1824. Johnson, Andrew, 17th pres. of the U. S., , q, i b. Raleigh, N.C., Dec. 29, 18u8. Ho lost his ^J/*^ father at the age of 4 ; and from tlie age of 10, until the autumn of 1824, was the apprentice of a tailor in Raleigh. Without a single day's schooling, he taught himself to read. After completing his apprenticeship, he went to St. Laurens Court House, S.C., and worked as a journeyman until May, 1826 ; in Sept. he went to the West, taking with him bis mother, who was dependent upon hira for su|iport ; set- tled in Greenville, Tenn., where he worked at his trade, and married; was elected alderman in 1828, 18:i9, and lb.;ii; niaiwr r-:i, 18.32, and 18:J3; in 1835 nieml. i .! lY :. i-l., and again in 1839; wasa|M- ■ : . i. I -10, and canvassed a large pail ft tin' Miti, meeting upon the stump several of the leading Whig orators ; was elected to the State Senate in 1841 ; was M.C. 1843-53, and was conspicuous in advocating the annexation of Texas, the taritf of 1846, the war-measures of Polk's administration, and a homestead bill ; was gov. of Tcnn. from 185.3 to 1857; and U.S. senator fiom 1857 to 1863. The resolute oppo- nent of secession, he was unwearied in his ef- forts to uphold the national cause during the early stages of the Rebellion ; and, on the re- oeeupatiun of Xasliville in 1862, he was app. by Pies. 1,1),. oil, ,ni iiaiv-gov. of Tenn. ; was nuiiiM, ,: , . :.v the Baltiniure eonven- tiuii .:i 1 ■ 1 , , . I. ihe a,ssassinalioii of Pres. Line..:.!, .\i.i:. l.'i, isi..-,, sueeeeded liiiu in the presidential ehair. At first he displayed a spirit of much severity to the rebels, but was afterwards so favorable to them, and so hostile to the reconstruction policy of Congress, that he was impeached by that body ; tried, and ac- quitted, 2ii May, 1868, — 35 voting him guilty, 19 voting nut guilty. During his presidency the sub-marine telegraphic cable was success- fully laid, and congratulatory messages were e.\rhaiiged 28 Julv, 1866. In 1866 he received the degree of LL.D. from the U. of N. C. His speeehes, with a Memoir by Frank Moore, b. in 1805. U. S. treasury, depart. The son aei his crayons the mean. I.i !■ l',nl.>]"M;i - has pridiieed manv r. them are "The D." . , i ;.'. sion Claim -Agent, ■ "The Old Kentucky Hume,"' "J Bov, " " Mount Vernoi 1 Kitchen," ney-Sweep," &c. — Tuck ■erman. Johnson, ARXEM.iS N., b. Middlebury, Vt., 1817. Author of "Instructions in Thor- ough Bass," 1844; "Choir Cliorus-Book," 1847; " Bay State Coll.," 1849; " Melodia Sa- cra," 1852; " yandel Coll.," 1854; "Instruc- tion in Harmony upon the Pestalozzian System," 1854, &,c. Editor Boston Musical Gazette, and Bosl. iUus. Journal. — Allibone. Johnson, Ges. Busheod R., b. Ohio, Sept. 6, 1817. West Point, 184U. Entering the 3d Inf., he became 1st lieut. Feb. 29, 1844 ; served in the Florida and Mexican wars ; re- signed Oct. 22, 1847, to become prof, of math, at the Western Milit. Inst., Georgetown, Ky. ; in 1855 he became prof, in the Nasliville Milit. U., and held the office when the civil war be- gan in 1861. Joining the Confed. army, he was made brig.-gen. Jan. 24, 1862; and was cap- tured at Fort Donelson, but soon afterward es- caped ; he was severely wounded in the battle of Shiloh ; made maj.-gen. in 1864; com. di- vision in Anderson's 4tli corps when Lee's ar- ray surrendered. Johnson, Cave, lawyer and statesman, b. Robertson Co., Tenn., Jan. 11, 1793; d. Clarksville, Tenn., Nov. 23, 1866. He studied and practised law ; and for some years was circuit judge; M.C. 1829-37, and in 1839-45, when he entered Mr. Polk's cabinet as post- master-gen. ; pres. of the Bank of Tenn. from 1850 to 1859 ; during the secession war he was chosen by the Union party to the State senate ; but feeble health prevented his taking his seat. Johnson, Cuapman, lawyer, b. Louisa Co., Va., Miirch, 1779 ; d. Richmond, Va., Ju- ly 12, 1849. Wm. and M. Coll. 1802. He studied law under St. George Tucker ; began practice at Staunton in 1802; soon became prominent; and in 1824 he moved to Rich- mond. During the war of 1812 he was capt. of a vol. comp., and afterwards served as aide to Gen. James Breckenridge ; he was in the State Senate from 1815 to 1831 ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1829-30 ; and was there the champion of the " White Basis partv." Johnson, David, gov. S.C. 1846-8, b. Va. 1782; d. Limestone Springs, S.C, Jan. 7, 1855. Son of Christopher, a Baptist preacher. Adm. to the bar in S.C. in 1805; member of the S.C legisl. in 1812 ; solicitor of the mid- dle circuit Union district, 1812-15; circuit judge 1813-24 ; judge of the Court of Appeals 1824-35; chancellor 1835-46.— O'iVea/rsiVeu;- Johnson, Eastman, ]" il.rr of the house in 1655; in 1605 he was on the com., with Bradstreet, Danfbrth, and others, to meet the commissioners NicoUs, Carr, &.C., who had been sent Irom England ; he was recorder of the town from its incorporation till his death. His " Wonder-working Providence of Sion's Saviour in New England," a history of the country from the English planting in 1628 to 1652, was pub. in Lond. in 1654, and reprint- ed in " The Ms. Hist. Colls.;" and again, with notes, by W. F. Poole, in 1867. Johnson, Edward, maj.-gen. C.S.A., b. j fjr: 13, Ky.ab. 1817.^ WestPoint,1838. Enteringthe 6th Inf., he became 1st lieut. Oct. 9, 1839; was brev. capt. for gallantry at Molino del Rey, Sept. 8; and maj. for Chapultepec, Sept. 13, 1847; disting. in the capture of the city; became capt. 15 April, 1851 ; and resigned June 10, 1861; became a brig.-gen. in the Con- fed, army ; maj.-gen. May 20, 1863 ; and com. a div. inEwell's corps at Gettysburg; captured witli his division at Spottsylvania, 12 May, 1864; again captured while commanding di- vision in Gen. S. D. Lee's corps at the battle of Dec. 16, 1864, near Nashville. After the war, he had the effrontery to call on the U. S. trcas. for arrears of pay due him at the time of his desertion to the rebels. Johnson, Col. Guy, lovali.st, b. Ireland ab. 1740; d. Lonil. Mar. 5, '1788. He m. a dau. of Sir Wm. Johnson, and at his death, in 1774, succeeded him as supt. of the Indian depl., having long been his deputy. He served against the French in 1757 ; com. a company 489 of Ranq;ci-s under Amherst in 1759 ; and was some lime Indian a;;cnt at Montreal. His in- temperate zeal for tlie liing caused the first af- fray in Tryon Co. ; and Guy fled to Montreal. After a visit to Eng., he landed at Staten Is- land in Aug. 1776, and was a manager of the old theatre in John St.,N.Y. Afterward join- ing Brant and the Mohawks, he participated in their bloody exploits, and was in the battles of Chemung and Newtown in Western N.Y., between them and Gen. Sullivan, in 1779. His estates were confiscated; and lie d. in Eng., a petitioner for relief. Johnson, Sir Henry, a British gen., b. Dublin, 1748; d. Mar. IS, 1S35. Bart. Oct. 3, 1818. He entered the army in 1761 ; capt. 28th Foot, Dec. 176.3; lieut.-col. 17th, Oct. 1778; eol. Dec. 1782; maj.-gcn. Dec. 1793; gen. Apr. 1803. While stationed in Phila. he m. Rebecca Franks, celebrated for her wit. He com. a batt. of light inf. early in the Revol. war, and was severely woumled ; and, while in com. at Stony Point, was surprised by Gen. Wayne in the night of July l.i, 1779, and made prisoner with his whole force. He re- turned to Eng. after the capture of Yorktown, and distiiig. himself during the Irish rebellion at Vineg.ir Hill, and at New Ross in 1798. Johnson, Henry, statcsnum, b. Tenn. Sept. 14, 1783 ; d. Point Coupee, La., Sept. 4, 1864. He adopted the profession of law ; app. clerk of tho second Superior Court, La., 1809 ; judge Parish Court of St. Mary, 1811 ; mem- ber of the La. Const. Conv. \Sl-2; U.S. sena- tor from La. 1818-24; gov. 1824-8; M. C. 1835-9, and again U.S. senator in 1S44-9. His wife was dau. of I'raneis Key, author of the " The Star-spangled Banner." Johnson, IlEiiJi.iN M., S.T.D. (Wesl. U. 1852), LL.D., Methodist clergyman and author. Pres. of Dick. Coll., Pa. {18G0-8), b. Otsego Co, N.Y., Nov. 25, 1815 ; d. Carlisle, Apr. 5, 1868. Wesl. U. 1839. Prof, of ancient lan- guiiges in St. Charles Coll., Mo., 1839-42, and in Aug. Coll., Ky., 1842-4; prof, of ancient languages and literature in the O. Wesl. U. at Delaware, O., 1S44-50 ; prof, of philos. and English lit. in Dick. Coll. 1850-60. He pub. the " Clio" of Herodotus in 1850. Edited " Ori- entalia Aniiquaria Herodoti," and at his death had nearly ready a German work on " Syno- nymes." He was a frequent and able contrib. to the Methodist Quarterli/ Review and other magazines, and was very popular and interesting as a preacher. Johnson, Herschel v., Democ. politi- cian, b. Burke Co., Ga., Sept. 18, 1812. U. of Ga. 1834. He studied law ; practised in Augusta; removed to Jeff. Co. in 1839, and acquired extensive business, but in 1844 locat- ed himself near Milledgeville. U.S. senator in Fcl). 1848, to fill a vacancy; judge of the Sup. Court, Nov. 1849- Aug. 1853; gov. Nov. 1853 to 1857; candidate for vice-pres. on the Dcmglas ticket in 1860. Subsequently a mem- ber of the Confed. senate. Johnson, Isaac, one of the founders of Ms., b. Clipsliam, Rutlandshire, Eng. ; d. Bos- ton, Sept. 30, 1630. He came over with Win- throp, arriving at Salem, June 12, 1630; was one of the 4 who founded the first church at Chariestowu on July 30 ; and Sept. 7 he con- ducted the first settlement of Boston. Ho was a good and wi-.e man, .and was the wealthiest of the Colonists. Arbella, or Arabella, his wife, dau. of Thomas, 1 4th Eari of Lincoln, accomp. her husband to N. E., and d. in Salem ab. Aug. 30, 1630. In honor of her, the name of " The Eagle," Winthrop's ship, was changed to " The Arbulla." — See N. E. H. and Gen. lleq. viii. 359. Johnson, Isaac, gov. of La. 1845-50; d. New Orleans, Mar. 15, 1853. Johnson, Sib John, son of Sir William, b. 1742; d. Montreal, Jan. 4, 1830. He suc- ceeded to the title and estates of his fiither, as well as to the post of maj.-gon. in the N.Y. Uiilitia, to which he was app. in Nov. 1774. Early in 1776 the Whigs attempted to secure his person ; and Sir John, with ab. 700 fol- lowers, fled to Canada. He was soon com- missioned a col. ; raised two battalions, called the Royal Greens ; and became one of the most active and one of the bitterest foes that the Whigs encountered during the contest. He invested Fort Stanwix in Aug. 1777, and defeated Gen. Herkimer; and in Oct. 1780 was himself defeated by Gen. Van Rensse- laer at Fox's Mills. In predatory enterprises the Royal Greens earned an infamous celebri- ty. Soon after the close of the contest. Sir John went to Eng., but returned in 1785, and resided in Canada. He was supt. of Indi- an affairs until his decease; and for several years he was also a member of the legisl. coun- cil of Canada. The British Govt., to compen- sate him for his losses, made him several grants of lands. His son. Sir Adam Gordon Johnson (b. 17S1), succeeded to his title. — Sabine. Johnson, Maj. John, Revol. oflncer, and port.-i)ainter; d. Boston, 27 June, 1818, a. 66. After the war he settled in Boston, and left many strong likenesses of men of his time. He was deficient in di-awing. — Knapp. Johnson, John, chancclloi- of Md., b. An- napolis; d. Baltimore, Oct. 4, 1856. Johnson, Joseph, bro. of Wm., physician, politician, and author, b. Charleston, S.C, June 15, 1776. U. of Pa. 1797. His lather was one of the prisoners of war on parole, who, in violation of the terms of capitulation, were a prison-ship, and finall; consigned I ferred to St. Augustine.' He studied med. and began practice in Charleston with Dr. Poinsett. He was pres. of the U.S. branch Bank in 1818-35 ; was long mayor of Charles- ton. Was an active leader of the Union party in the nullification controversy. Many years eomuiiss. of the public schools ; pres. of the Apprentices' Library Assoc, since its establishment in 1836, and for more than 60 years a member of the S. C. society, and 20 years its presiding officer. He became a mem- ber of the S.C. Med. Soc. in 1797, and its pres. in 1807 ; and was an efficient worker in the Literary and Philos. Soe. He has pub. many treatises, essays, and orations, and " Traditions and Reminiscences of the Revol.," 1851. Johnson, Joshoa, merchant, b. Calvert Co., Md. ; d. Frederickton, Md., Apr. 21, 1802. One of 11 bros., 5 of whom, including Ihomas (gov. of Md.), were in the public service during 490 JOH i"i-om Mmv^'i7S3, m"t7l"l,i. v'w'n'i'. th.'Tl.s'. ill Out. 1797, hew;iscoiiMil-rii. ■.,! I,n,i,l. ; af- tcrwiiril supt. of stamps. Jolui Qaiiioy Adams ni. IlIs. (laii. Louisa. Johnson, Sir N.vthaniel, iig.-gen. U.S.A. 16 Dec. ISIU ; i ! : '! 1 si;5 brev. maj,-sen. U.S.A. lor -.lunm ■. 1 1 1 . , during the Rebellion ; and retired with full rank 12 Oct. 1867. — C'li/ZioH. Johnson, Robert, gov. of S.C. 1719, and from 1730 to his d. at Charleston, May 3, 1735. In 1731 he made a treaty with the Ciierokees. He aided Oglethorpe and the first settlers of Ga. with food and escort. The settlement of Purrysbury by 600 Swiss under Col. Peter Purry was made during his term. Johnson, Rosa Vertnee, poet, b. Natchez, Mpi. Mr. Griffith, her father, author of many popular Indian stories, d. 1S:')3. Her early davs were passed at Biirlin-i.ui. u.Mr Idrt l.ili- son, Mpi. Herparen:- wrm i,, K\, « !i. n -In; waslO, and she was cJuiairii .n l;i-!m|j Snnili's sem., Lexington, Ky. At 17 >-\w in. f l.iudc -M. Johnson, a Louisiana planter. In 1850 she be- came a contrib. to the Louisn/le Journal, and subsequently to the Home Journal. Her poems were pub. in Boston, 1857. She is a resident of Lexington, Ky. Johnson, Samcel, D.D. (Oxf. 1743), first pres. of King's (now Columbia) Coll.,N.Y. (1754-63), b. Guilford, Ct., Oct. 14, 1696; d. Stratford, Ct., Jan. 6, 1772. Y.C. 1714. In 1716 Y.Coll. was estab. at New Haven, and Mr. Johnson was app. tutor. In 1720 he be- came a preacher at West Haven, and, embracing soon after the Episcopalian faith, he in 1722 went to Eng. to obtain ordination. Alter re- ceiving the degree of M.A. at Oxford and Cambridge, he returned in 1723, and settled at Stratford. By the people at large he was treated as a schismatic and apostate, and con- tinually thwarted ; the object being to drive him from the country. Returning to Stratford in 1763, he resumed his pastoral functions, which he continued till his death. He was a man of great learning, judgment, and benevo- lence. Dr. Johnson's publications were chiefly controversial. In 1746 he pub. a work oh ethics, entitled " A System of Morality; " and in 1752 a compend of logic and metaphysics, and another of ethics, originally prepared for the use of his sons : the two latter were print- ed in Phila. by Dr. Franklin as text-books for 491 JOH the U. of Pa. Also author of an English and a Hebrew Grammar, 8vo, 1767. His Me- moirs, by his friend Dr. Chandler, appeared in 1805. Johnson, Samdel. olerjvmnTi, h. Salem, Ms.,Out. 10, 1822. HII, IS4L': Div. S.'li. 1843. Pastor of a " Free t'huirli " in l.}im, lis., since 1853. He lias ni\.r riiiiiic.t. .1 himself with any relii,'iuiis dcnoiniiiuiioii, though near- er the Unitarian thiin any other. Ah. 1846, in conjunction with Ucv. S. Longlcllow, he pub. a vol. of sacred poetry, " Hymns of the Spirit." Johnson, Thomas, statesman, b. Calvert Co., Mil., 1732; d. Rose Hill, near Frederick- town, Oct. 26, 1819. Having previously to the Revol. attained great distinction at the bar, he was in 1774 a member of the Md. com. of corrcsp. ; was a delegate to Congress in 1775-7, and gov. of the State in 1777-9. He was assoc. justice of the U.S. Supremo Court fnirn 17111 to 1793, when he resigned. In 1801 he ilcclincd the app. of chief justice of the l>i-t. ul CMlumhia. Johnson, Wm.ticr Rogers, phvsicist, b. LcouHi.Mrr, .M-,,,l.ino 21, 1794; d. Washing- ton, l> <■ . Am _'i;, is-.L', II, U. 1819. He enu'M-"il 111 t M inn- at l-i .iiniiigliam, at Salem, and Irmn l-n. I.. \<;7 held the chair of me- cliaiiir> ami liar, |.lii:os. in the high school at Pliila, 111- (Iriivnid a course of lectures on mcclianic- and |iliilosi)phy ; and was also en- gai^cd in >cicntilic researches on the strength of materials, and the best construction of steam-boilers, on steam, heat, elcctricitv, mag- netism, &c. From 1839 to 1843 ho was prof of chemistry and physics in the U. of Pa. He then began, under the authority of Congress, investigations into ihecharacter of the ditferent varieties of coal. His report on this subject was pub. in 1844. In 1845, by app. of the city authorities of Boston, he examined the sources from which a supply of pure water might be brought to that city. For the next 3 years he was engaged in preparing and adapt- ing several of the works of the German phj si- cists, Knapp, Mullcr, and Wiesbach. Ho was first sec. of the Assoc, for the Advancement of Science. In 1848 he removed to Washington, where he was connected with the Smithsonian Institution; and in 1851 visited Europe, where he was connected with the Lond. World's Fair. He pub. " Coal-Trade of Brit. Ainer.," &c., 1850; " Use of Anthracite in the Mannf. of Iron," 12mo, Bost. 1841 ; and "Memoir of L. D. Von Schweiniiz," 1835. Johnson, Sir William, gen., b. Smith- town, Co. Mcath, Ireland, 1715 ; d. near Johns- town, Fulton Co., N.Y., July 1 1, 1774. Young- er son of Christopher, an Irish gentleman of good family. Educated for mercantile life, an unsuccessful love-affair entirely changed his career. In 1738 lie came to Amer. to manage the property of his uncle, Adm. Sir Peter War- established himself u pon ( t of land on the .south side of the Mohawk Valley, ab. 24 miles from Schenectady, N.Y. ; and embarked in trade with the Indians, whom he always treated with perfect honesty and justice. By acquainting himself with their language, and accommodating himself to their manners and dress, by his easy, dignified, and affable manner, he won their confidence ; acquired over them an influence greater than was ever possc.iscd by any other white man ; and was adopted by the Mohawks as one of their tribe, and cluKcn sachem. At the outbreak of tlic In m h \v ar in 1743, Johnson was made snir Mi|n ni tlie Indians, and preserved thefiDiiiKr Irum nijniy until the peace of Aix la Chapclle in 1743. In 1750 he was ajip. a member of the Prov. Council. He was instrumental in settling the quarrel which in 1753 arose between the Alba- ny board of coaimiss. and the Indians, but de- clined having anv thing farther to do with In- dian affairs. In'l754 he was a delegate to the congress at Albany, and aNo attended a grand council held with ihe Imliaii-i. Apr, 14, 1755, ho was at the council nl .VlrNamlria ; I'c.ninu-s. by Bradiloek "sole siipt, i.r tlic Si\ N.nu.n^;" and created a maj -l;i n ami inni -iii-i Ini f uf theexped, a-jniii- 1 ' 'in'A n I'lini .^i |.t, 8, 1 755, he defeats I lIuMn In. Km ai L.ike George. Johnson, «lr. n ■ 1 m ill.' hip, received the thank.s m n. , in .n. L ..iiiiii, and a baron- etcy (Nov. 27, i;.'jaj, lui Ills vic;ory. In Mar. 1756,GeorgeII. coniiniss. liiin "coi. agent, and sole supt. of the affairs of the Six Nations and othernorthern Indians," with a salary of £600. He held this office for the rest of his life. Ha was engaged with his Indians in the abortive attempts to relieve Oswego and Fort William Henry, and at the repulse of Abercrombie at Ticonderoga in 1753; second in com. of Prideaux's cxped. against Fort Niagara in 1759, upon whose death he took the com.-in- chief. Ho continued the siege with vigor ; cut to ]iieces the French army sent to its relief (July 24) ; and the garrison surrendered atdis- creiion. With his Indian allies, he partook in 1760 in the cxped. of Amherst, which was ended by the capture of Montreal and the sur- render of Canada to the British. For his ser- vices he received from the king a tract of 100,- 000 acres of land, north of the Mohawk, long known as " Kingsland," or the " Royal Grant." He gave great attention to agriculture, and first introduced sheep and blood-horses into the Mohawk Valley. He lived in baronial style, and exercised the most unbounded hospital- ity. By his wife, Catharine Wisenburgh, who d. young, he had John, knighted in 1765, and two daughters, who m. res|)cctively Col. Claus and Col. Guy Johnson. By " Mol- ly," the sister of the great Mohawk sachem Brant, with whom he lived happily till his death, he had 8 children. Sir William was the author of a paper on the " Customs, Manners, and Languages of the Indians," in the Philos. Tnms. (or Nov. 1772. Johnson, William, LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1819), lawyer, b. Middletown, Ct., 1768; d. N.Y., July, 1848. Y.C. 1788. He settled in N.Y. ; soon became eminent at the bar ; was reporter of the N.Y. Snp. Court in 1806-23, and of the Court of Chancery in 1814-23. In 1838 he pub. a Digest of Cases in these courts from 1799 to 1836, in 2 vols, 8vo ; N.Y. Sup. Ct. Reps. 1799-1803, 1808-12, 3 vols. 8vo ; do. 1806-23, Phila. 1839, 20 vols. 8vo ; N.Y. Chancery Reps., &c., 1814-23, 7 vols. 8to, 1836. Translator of Azuni's " Princippii dd JOH deritio Marilimo deW Ewopa," 2 vols. 8vo, 1806. Johnson, William, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1818), jurist and author (bro. of Joseph, noticed ahove), b. Charleston, S.C, Dec. 27, 1771 ; d. Brooklyn, L.I., Aug. 4, 1834. N. J. Coll. 17'J0. His father was a merchant. He stud- ied law under C. C. Pinckney ; was adm. to tlie bar in 1792, and soon became distin;;. in his profession. Elected to the Stale legisl. in 1794, and twice re-elected, being speaker dur- ing his last term. It was principally through his efforts that the office of comptroller-gen. was instituted. He investigated the irregular and arbitrary proceedings of the county courts ; and, when they were superseded by the circuit courts, he was elected to the bench. In 1804 he was made a judge of the U.S. Sup. Court, with the local jurisdiction of SC. and Ga. Coming into possession of the papers of Gen. Nathaniel Greene, he ]>rcj]areJ, at tlie rci;iiest of the lamilv, SUotrhos ot l,i- l.n- imi Cur- 3f G.. Johnson, Willia.h F . ^ ■ n. . i, i< Bos- ton; d. Milwaukie, Wis., July 18, IS'.S, a. ab. 60. As a delineator of comic and testy old men he had few equals, and was particularly good in certain ranges of eccentric comedy, and was an admirable buffo-singer. Since 18,j5 he had been at the West, and was mana- ger of the Milw.iukie Theatre. He was at one time manager of the Howard Athcnxum, Bos- ton, and was long a favorite at the Tremont and National Theatres in that city. Johnson, William Samcel.LL.D. (Y.C. 1788), U.C.L. (Oxf. 1766), F.U.S., scholar and jurist, b. Stratford, Ct., Oct. 7, 1727; d. there Nov. 14, 1819. Yale, 1744. Eldest son of Ucv. Samuel. He early became disting. at the bar by his eloquence and ability. A dele- gate to the Congress at New Yoik in 17G5; member of the Council; and from Oct. 1766 to his return in 1771 agent of Ct. in Eng. He for many years corresponded with Dr. Samuel Johnson. He was from 1772 to 1774 a judge of the Sup. Court of Ct., and a commiss. for adjusting the controversy between the pro- prietors of Pa. and the Susquehanna Co. A delegate to Congress in 1784-7, in 1787 he was one of the framers of the Federal Constitution, and was the first to propose the organization of thes':n ■;< v- :i ^1: f;-i'-t liranch of the national legisl. r ^ I7S9-91, he ilrcw up, within-' 1 ,\ I iith, the bill for estab- lishing 11, I ) ... I..:. ■--[Lm of the US. Prcs. of Col. Ciii. iiuLi, 17c; to 1800. — See Shttch of. III/ John T. Iiuiiri, 8vo, 1820. Johnston, Albert Sidney, gen. C.S.A. (bro. of Jo?ian Stoddard), b. Mason Co., Ky., 180:5; killed at the battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862. West Point, 1826. Lieut. 6ih Inf., July 1, 1826; aide to Gen. Atkinson IS-ia-S; acting assist, adj.-gen. of III. Vols, in Black Hawk's war, 1832; resigned May 31, 1834. Entering the Texan army as a private in 1336, he was soon made a brig. -gen.; and in 1838 succeeded Gen. Felix Houston in the chief com., and was involved in a duel with him in con- sequence. App. sec. of war in 1838, in 1839 he organized a successful exped. against the Cherokecs. In 1840 he retired from public life, and settled on a plantation in Brazoria County, Texas. An ardent advocate of the annexation of Texas; col. 1st Texas rifles in June, 1846; and acting insp.-gen. to Gen. Butler at the siege of Monterev, Sei)t. 1846. Made payra. U.S.A. (rankof mnjor) Oct. 31, 1849, he became col. 2d Cav. Mar. 3, 1 855 ; brev. brig.-gen. "for meritorious conduct" in com. of the army in Utah, Nov. 18, 1857. In 1860 he com. the Pacific dept. Sympathizing with the South, he was making arrangements to deliver the State of Cal. to the Confederacy, when he was superseded by Gen. E. V. Sumner before his plans were completed. Made a maj.-gen. in the army of the Confederacy eariy in 1861, and placed in com. of the Army of tlie West. Collecting a force of ab. 50,0U0 rncn at Corinth, he attacked the army of Gen Grant at Shiloh, 6 Apr. 1862. On the first day of this battle, while encouraging and urging forward his troops, he was mortally wounded. He was considered by military men the ablest geu. in the Confed. service. Johnston, David Clatpole, artist and caricaturist, b. Phila. Mar. 1797 ; d. Dorches- ter, JIs., Nov. 8, 1863. His son, Thomas MuRFHV, inherits his lather's ability. His mother, Charlotte, was sister of William Rowson, and, with him and his wife Susannah (author of " Chariotte Temple," &e.), was a member of Wignell's Company in Phila. in 1793. She was a good singer. DC. pub. "Out;, l::.i 1,1 1:\\- of the Journal of Frances Anni 1\ : "i (8 plates) ; "Phrenology ith iVards 4LI i.i_:iiii^-. ;..:., 1 S37 ; and many Nos. of mic ■• Scnips." — X£. G.aiid 11. ?iV 1866. Johnston, Col. Francis, a Revol. officer, of W,> ■ i: ■ -i • ,. I tn ihc (uni. of the 5th Pa. II _. , ... ,; N. ... li lie «a^ at Ticonilcroga, Ston.v lull.:, .MuuiiiuLuh, Biandyuine, and other batiles. After the war, he held several posts of honor and profit in his native State, and was high sheriff of the city and county of Phila — Rocjers. Johnston, Gabriel, gov. of N.C. from Nov. 2, 1734, to his d., in Aug. 1752, b. Scot- land. A man of letters and of liberal views; a physician, and prof of Oriental lanLnniges in the U.of St. Andrew'.-^, wli. ir lie w.i- nlneated. Some of his poetical cftu-inii, ar loiunl in the Craftsman, foe which he nunr aim In- removal to London. Under liis adnnuistuuon the Province increased in population, wealth, and happiness. He was the ablest and most suc- cessfal of all the Colonial governors of N.C. He was app. cov. of N.C. bv the influence of tbeEariof Wilmington. — &e i//e er Old Congress 1779-80; State senator 1784-7 ; and member of the convention to adopt tlie U.S. Constitu- tion, which he advocated, while his bro. Wilie opposed it. ^ Wheeler. Jones, Dr. Anson, Texan patriot, b. Berk- shire Co., JIs., Jan. 20, 1798; d. Houston, Tex-, Jan. 8. ISjS. l,v his own hand. He stud- 1833, ho, as chairman of a niirting in Dec. 1835, drew up resolutions in favor of a " decl. of indcp. from Mexico," and of a convention of the people of Texas to form a constituiion. lie rai-rd a niilirarv company; was in the bat- and h:.\ oili_r nniitary positions in 1836-7; memba- tf tlu T^xau Congress in 1837; min- ister to the U.S. in 1838-9; pres. of the sen- ate in 1840, and, ex officio, vice-pres. of Texas ; sec. of state 1841-4; 'pres. in 184.5-6, and until the annexation to the US. His preference for the independence of Texas, rather than for ' annexation to the U.S., " " " ' lar. Ue was an able di Journal, preceded by a' brief Autobiography, was piintcil for private circulation. Jones, AvoNi.v Stanhope, actress, b. New York, .July 12, 1839; d. New York, Oct. 4, 1867. Dan. of " Count Joannes" and Mrs. Melinda Jones. First app. Apr. 18, 1856, at Cincinnati, as Parthenia; and at the Boston Theatre, May 18, 1857. She afterward played successful en- gagements in many ciiies of the U.S., in Aus- tralia in I860, and Great Britain in 1861-2. Her husband, G. V. Brooke, an actor of rejiute, to whom she was m. in 1862, was lost in "The London " in 1865. Jones, Catlit. a Western pioneer; accomp. Daniel Boone to Ky., and, when Boone's dau. and another young woman wiTe captured by the Indians, was oneof the 12 who rescued them from the savages. He was severely wounded in the arm while guarding with Boone the " Corn Patch " against the Indians ; and was an officer in the Revol. war. Afterwards join- ing the Friends, he became an acceptable min- ister in that society. Ue emigrated from Va. to Columbiana Co., 0., about the first of the present century. — Crosbi/ Ann. Oliil. 1858. Jones, Charles A., poet, b. I'bila. ab. 1815 ; d. Mill Creek, Hamilton Co., ()., July 4, 1851. Son of Geo. \V. ,T..iies of J'hila. His parents removed to Ciiuinnati win ii be was a child. He contrib. SL-vnal |aiic. in the press, and in 1835 pul). " 'J'br Oiiil aw ami oilier Po- ems." Hepracti^ed law 111 ( 'inrinnaii and New Orleans. In 1839 be pub. in tlie (.'in. Gazette a series of satirical lyrics entitled " Aristopha- niana." His poems were thoroughly Western in character and subject. — Poets and Poetry of the West. Jones, Datid, jurist, b. Oyster Bay, L.I., Sept. 1699; d. Oct. 11, 1775. He received an excellent private education, and studied, but never practised, law ; was a member of the Colo- nial Assembly from 1737 to 1 753 ; was 13 years speaker of that body; and in 1758-73 was a judge of the Sup. Court. Thomas, bis son, a loyalist, adm. to the bar, Apr. 4, 1755; app. clerk of Queens Co. Feb. 4, 1757 ; recorder of N.Y. City 17h9; and jmlgc of the Sup. Court, Sept. 1'9, 177:;. Nuv. i;4, I , 7G, he was seized by w Ir '.' ; . II 1 1 '■ ; 111' vMis aixain cam • •. . ; :,■ Ill M.iv, 1780, w,i> ' :.i ii.iii.i i '..'{ I I'll .^ iiiiiiaii Ills ]irop- ■ erty was (unfi-eatcd; and he retired to Fng., where ho died. Jones, David, Baptist clergyman and Revol. patriot, b. White Clav Creek," Newcastle Co., Del., May 12, 1736 ; d.'Feb. 5, 1820. His ancestors, early in the last century, settled at the " Welsh Tract." He was many years pas- tor of the Upper Freehold Church in N. J., which he left lor a while in 1772-3 for a gospel mi-^^ioii to the Shawnee and Delaware Indians; a journal of which, with a Memoir by his grandson, H. Gates Jones, was pub. 8vo, 1865. His patriotism made him so obnoxious to the Tories, that, believing his life to be in danger, he left N. J., and settled in Chester Co., Po.riii the stirino- of 1775, in charge of the Grrai \ .Nil \ i; iitist Church. He was chap- lain : . i I- 1 : 1. under St. Clair, at Ticon- di I i_ I , : . I ini|iaigns under Gates; and in .1.1 ;liL caai;...i„iis of Wayne, narrowly es- caping death at the " Paoli Massacre." At the age oif 76 he served in the war of 1812, under Gens. Brown and Wilkinson. — Lossinq. Jones, David Ru.mpu, gen. C.S.A., b. S.C. 1825; d. Richmond, Va., 1863. West Point, 1846. Entered 2d Inf.; was brev. 1st 495 J03V lleiit. for gallantry at Contreras and Churu- busco, anil capt. for Chapultepcc; became 1st lieut. 1849; assist instr. inf. tactics at West Point, 1851-3 ; assist, adj. -gen. (ranlv of capt.) March 16, 1853; resigned Feb. 16, 1861 ; en- tered the Confcd. service ; was made brig-gen. ; led a brigade at the Ijattle of Bull Run ; and in Oct. 1862 com. a division in the army corps of gen. J. E. Johnston. Jones, George, clergyman and author, b. near Yorli, Pa., July 30, 1800; d. U.S. Naval Asylum, Phila., Jan. 22, 1870. Y. C. 1823. Schoolmaster on the frigate " Brandvwinc " in 1825-8; tuturof Yale 1829-30; ord. deacon in the Ei.i>c. church, Jan. 16, 1831, and officiat- ed some lime m .Miildlctown, Ct. App. chap- hiin U.S.N. Apr. 2ii, 1833. He pub. in 1829, " Sketches of Naval Life ; " in 1836, " Excur- sions to Cairo, Jerusalem, Damascus, and Baal- bee ; " and in 1865, " Life-Sceues from the Four Gospels, and Life Scenes from the Old Testament." His long and careful observations on the Zodiacal Light fill one vol. of the report of the U.S. Japan e.\ped.— OA. Rec. Yale, 1870. Jones, George (Count Joannes), b. Bos- ton, 1810. Played at the Fedcrul-st. Theatre, Boston, in 1828 ; first app. at the Chestnut-st., Phila., Dec. 7, 1831, as Pierre in " Venice Pre- served ; " was the original Claude Melnotte at the National, Boston, May 16, 1838; and in Sept. 1839 was manager of the theatres in Richmond and Norfolk, Va. ; afterwards vis- ited Eng., and lectured on the Bilile. Author of " History of Ancient America," 3d ed. 8vo. 1843; "Tecumseh,"a tragedy; "The Life of Gen. Harrison," and the "First Oration on Shakspeare," I2mo, 1844; he now (1870) practises law in N. Y. City. Jones, Hugh, minister of Jamestown. Pub. " The Present State of Virginia," 8vo, Lond. 1724. Prof, of mathematics in Wil- liam and Mary (?oll., and afterward chaplain to the Va. Assembly. Jones, Jacob, "commo. U.S.N., b. near Smyrna, Del., in March, 1768; d. Phila. Aug. 3, 18-50. He studied medicine, and grad. at the U. of Pa. ; but abandoned practice for the clerkship of the Supremo Court of Del. En- tered the navy as a midshipman, April 10, 1799; wasmadelieut. Feb. 22, 1801; was an of- ficer of the frigate " Philadelphia," imder Bain- bridge, when she was captured in 1803 in the harbor of Tripoli, remaining a prisoner 13 months ; was made com. Apr. 20, 1810 ; and, when war was declared against Great Britain in 1812, he was in com. of the sloop-of-war " Wasp;" Oct. 18, 1812, he captured the sloop- of-war " Frolic," a vessel of superior force, after an action of 43 minutes. Capt. Jones was honored with a vote of thanks by Con- gress, together with a gold medal ; and swords were voted him by several of the States for his gallant conduct in this engagement. Both ves- sels were, however, soon after taken by "The Poictiers," 74, and carried into Bermuda. He was made post-capt. March 3, 1 81 3, and com. the frigate " Macedonian " in Decatur's squadron. After the peace, Commo. Jones com. squadron in the Mediterranean and Pacific, and served some years as a commiss. of the navy board, and gov. of the Naval Asylum at Phila. Jones, James Atheabx, author, h. Tis- bury, Ms., June 4, 1790; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Aug. 1853. He had a common-school educa- tion ; made some voyages to the We.st Indies; afterward taught school ; was in England in 1829-31 ; and was subsequently a farmer and trader in Tisbury. He was ah. 1826 an editorin Phila., and 20 years later in Baltimore, and in Buffalo in 1851. He pub. " Traditions of the N. American Indians," 3 vols. Lond. 1830; " Haverhill, or Memoirs of an Officer in the Ar- my of Wolfe," Lond. 3 vols. 1831 ; a vol. of Poems : and a " Letter to an English Gent, on English Libels of America," 1826, Phila. Jones, jA.MEa Chamberlain, statesman, b. Davidson Co., Tenn., April 20, 1809; d. Memphis, Oct. 29, 1859. His father dying during his infancy. Col. Ward became his guar- dian, and much of his time was passed in la- bor on his plantation. From the library of Col. W. he acquired the elements of a good English education. At the age of 21 he m., and settled on a farm in Wilson Co. In 1837 and '39 he rep- resented that county in the legisl.; in 1841, and 1S43, hi Na- tion. I ''■ _ ' : i : I ; . ■ I Its nom- ine.', 1,-1! lialMi, .:.,i\-iiiij ,-.\riil popular speeches in his behalf in different plates. In 1850 he removed to Memphis ; and in 1851 was elected to the U.S. senate. In 1854 he was a conspicuous supporter of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, and thenceforward became identified with the Deinoc. party. Jones, Joel, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1848), jurist, b. Coventry, Ct., Oct. 25, 1795; d. Phila. Feb. 3, 1860. Y.C. 1817. He studied law, and settled in practice in Easton, Pa. In 1830 he was app. a commiss. to revise the civil code of Pa. He was associate judge, and afterwards pres. judge, of the Dist. Court for the city and county of Phila. First pres. of Girard Coll. Dec. 1847- June, 1849. In 1849 he was elected mayor of Phila., and, after serving one term, returned to his profession. He was eminent for attain- ments in jurisprudence, philology, and theology. Jones, John, M.D., physician. Of Welsh extraction, b. Jamaica, L.I., 1729 ; d. June 23, 1791. After receiving his education at a pri- vate school in N.Y., he commenced the study of medicine, and afterwards visited Europe to improve his professional knowledge. From the U. of Rheims he obtained the degree of M D. in May, 1751, and, having spent some time at Leyden, concluded his medical tour by a visit to Edinburgh. Upon his return, Dr. Jones set- tled in New York, where he soon acquired an extensive practice, and especial reputation as an operator. He served as surgeon in the army in the war of 1 755, and attended the wounded French com. Dieskau. When medical schools were instituted in the Coll. of N.Y., 1767, Dr. Jones was app. prof, of surgery, upon which he delivered several courses of lectures. In 1776 Dr. Jones pub. his " Plain ]-!einarks upon Wounds and Fractures." Duriii;.' i!ie British oceup.ation of New York. Dr. Junes withdrew into the country, relimiiii-hiiig his lucrative piactice in the city, lie was soon after chosen to the senate of N.Y., and was subsequently JON 496 JON for a short lime in tlie iiic.lic:il dcpt. of the ar- my. He w.i~ I , 1 7-1 I . rii-l Mil,; i,r the (ihysi- cians of the I' II • .r l|.i'ii iln- institu- tion of the ( 'el; m! 1':;. -;. I. I'liili. in 1787, Dr. Jones \v:i- ^li.trd \ i.r ja<-<,, and eontrib. to the first voh of its transnctions an interest- ing paper on Anthrax. He was tlie intimate firientl and physician of Franklin, whom he attended in his last illness, and pub. a brief ac- count of his death. In IT'.Hi he attended Wash- ington when veiv ill at New Ynik ; and on the removal ot the ^eai id' t:"\ i. i.. I'lnla he app. Dr. Jones phvMeian tn'hi. fainiiv. lie pub. several sin-ieal works, a.id, as a sm -eon, stood the After his death, a vol. of hi^ works, with a .Me- moir, was pub. hy Dr. Jlease, 8vo, 1795.— Tliadler. Jones, John B., b. Bait., Md., 1810. Au- thor of '■ Wild Western Scenes," Pliila. 1849; "Book of Visions," 1847; "Rural Sports, a Poem," 1848; "The Western Merchant," 1848; "The Kival Belles," IS.J:; ; "Adven- tures of Col. Van der Bomb," I8.)2; "The Monarehi-,t," 18.5:); "Life and Advents, of a reaks estab. in Phila. the Southern Monitor, a weekly paper devoted to Southern interests. — Alii- Jones, J. Glancy, lawyer and M.C. (18.50- 8), b. Concstoga River, Pa., Oct. 7, 1811. Ed- ucated to the Church, he preferred the law, to which he devoted himself with success ; and was dcp. atty.-gen. of the State. He was the author -in the house of the bill creating the Court of Claims, and chairman of the com. of ways and means. He was tendered by Pres. Buchanan the mission to Berlin, which ho de- clined, but in Oct. 1858 accepted that to Aus- tria. Jones, John M., brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Va. 1822; kiliedatSpottsvlv. lOMav, 1864. West I^int, 1841. Assist, instr. W. P. 1845-52; 1st lieut. 20 Aug. 1847 ; capt. 7th Inf 3 Mar. 1855; took part in the Utah exped. ; res. 27 May, 1861 ; app. col. of a Va. regt. ; promoted in 1863 to a brigade in Ransom's div.. Long- street's corps ; severely wounded at Gettys- burg ; took part in the attack on Knoxville in Doe. 1863; in the operations in the Wilder- ness ; and in the vicinity of Spottsylv., Va. Jones, John Paul, admiral, b. parish of Kirkbean, Scotland, 6 July, 1747; d. Paris, 18 July, 1792. Son of John Paul, a respectable farmer. He went to sea at an early age, and, bclbre he was 1 8, com. a vessel to the W. Indies. In this employ he continued, until, in suppress- ing a mutiny, he so wounded one of his seamen as to cause his death. For this he was tried and honorably acquitted in the port in tho W. Indies where it occurred ; but, on his return to Eng., was so persecuted on account of it, that he went to live in Va., where he had a bro., who in 1773 died, anil loft him considerable property. Offering his services to Congress, he was made a first lieut. in the navy (22 Dec. 1775), and in gratitude to Gen. Jones of N. Carolina, who htid strongly recommended him, assumed his name. After a cruise in " The Alfred," 28, he in Feb. 1776 commanded " The Providence," 12, with which in 6 weeks he took si.xteen merchantmen, and destroyed the iishing-establishment at Isle Mad.iine. lie fought "The Solebay," 28, l.r -v i :, n:, ; and on two occasions enennn i -1,1- ford,"32. Capt. Oct. lo, i::, ] . i |,e Alfred" he destroyed the P'mi K i 1 n : i^t, and took all the vessels there with ilieir tr.ii;hts. App. UJune, 1777, to " The Ranger." 18, he sailed to Europe; and Feb. 2, 1778, received from Count D'Orvilliers the first salute ever paid to the American flag by a foreign man-of- war. In April he scaled the walls of the fort at White Haven, and spiked 38 cannon there. His crew having plundered the house of the Earl of Selkirk of his plate, Jones bought it from them, and returned it. While on tho English coast, he captured " The Drake," a ship of superior force (sent out ex|iressly to take him), in sight of a large concourse of people, and took her into Brest. The equip- ment of a squadron wdiieh he was to com. detained him in France until Aug. 14, 1779, when lie sailed to intercept the Baltic fleet. < >uin^ to the ih-ertion of ptirt of the squadron, and the had eondnet of "The Allianec," he ei.iiM niilv eai.tnro the convoy, consisting of "111- S. ia|.i., ' .SO, and "The Countess of S Ml Mie.n," -M. He himself, in the "lion llunnne IJieliard," encountered "The Seinpis, " and took her after one of the inn-t severe and sans;uinai-v li.;ht< evri- !r,oi-,i,d. sunk soon after the a^'tiMH. ( i| hrr rvrn ,if 380, 306 w-re ki"-! I'ei >.-.n.M ■■! Ih^ -as enthusiasi!,' rt- - .•,•• ■■, . i -i !;,,:■ ,•, -.•. . , , ,,._. from Lien , \ \ I :;,,■, e , , ; ,,, ,, „■ , ,„, , ,,^ and a s \\ M ; , ; , , : , , . a , , , l l : , i ; _; , , , I , j . t gold medal lu he ..ii ikI, in i,M,aa . .; ;,;. : ve- ments. and app. him to coin. " lie' Anea u a," 74. He was dooiped to disa]i]iein nt, Inm-- evcr, as Congress found itseli e i! I nn i-, i.ie. sent herto France, inlieu of tlv Mum;: ^m-," lost in our waters. In I'Mi i ,,..,.; |e him agent to Denmark and s i ,i . : an indemnity for Jones's pri/' - i, ■ i their ports to the enemy, l.iii^ini^ ihr ., imc of Catharine of Russia as leai adm, m 17-7, in an action against the Turk- in ih l.an.iu Sea, June 7, 1788, he so distinu, Inm-i 1; a- to be made viee-admiral, and a knuln uT Si. .\iin. Slanderous calumnies, huwev.i, aim- .m an acutely sensitive mind, so iinljitntvii h , to cause him to resign ; and he letiirned tn I'aiis, where he died. Tho Nat. Assemhly decreed him a public funeral and mourning. In his char- the tenderness and sensibility of a woman were united to the courage and da of a hero. The star-spangled banner was first dis- played by him on board " The Alfred " in the Delaware. His Life, by John Henry Sher- burne, his niece, by A. S. ^ Jones. vo, Washington, 1825 ; by 1- • > T.iylor, in 1830; and .1 m:,"|).D., b. New Ips- : Mam, Sept. 13, 1851. t.iiii. Baptist missionary to 183U; and translated tho to the Siamese. JON Jones, John W., of Chesterfield, Va., M.C. 18.Jr)-4r, ; sptiikcr 1843-5; d. Jan. 29, 1848. Wm. anil Jl. Coll. 1803. Jones, Joseph Se.\well; (i. 1855. Canib. Law iScliool, 1833. Author of " A Defence of the Revol. History of N.C.," 1834 ; "Me- morials of N.C.," 1838. Jones, Noble Wi.mberlt, Revol. patriot, b. near Lond., Eng., 1724 ; d. Savannah, Jan. 9, 1805. He was a son of Dr. Noble Jones, an early settler of Ga., with whom he was assoo. in pi-aetice at Savannah from 1748 to 1756, and who was treas. of the Province, and a councillor of state. He held a military com- mission at an early age, and was a member of the Assembly in 1761 and subsequently, being often speaker. He was a leading patriot in 1774 ; corresp. with Franklin, the agcntof Ga. in Eng.; and was speakerof thefirstGa. legisl. ; delegate to the Old Congress in 1775 and 1781- 3 ; lost a son at the capture of Savannah in 1778; was himself made prisoner at the fall of Charleston in 1780, and carried to St. Au- gustine ; was exchiinged in July, 1781 ; prac- tised medicine in Pbila. until Dec. 1782, when he returned to Ga., and was again of its As- sembly. He practised in Charleston from Dec. 1783 to Dec. 1788, alter which ha lived in Savannah. Pres. of the convention which revised the State constitution in 1795. He was a skilful physician and a man of benevo- lent character. Jones, RoGEK, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Wotniuicl.irid Co., Va., 1789 ; d. Washington, July 15, lt^."i2; app. 2d lieut. marine corps, Jan, 26, 1809; July 12, 1812, was transferred to the art. with the rank of capt. ; received the brev. of maj. for disting. services in the battle of Chippewa, July 5, 1SI4, and Lundy's Lane; and was also commended for bravery at the battle of Niagara, as well as in the defence of Fort Erie in July and Aug. of the same year; brev. lieut.-col. for the soi tie from Fort Erie, Sept. 17; app. aiii.-L'iu. (rank of col.) Aug. 10, 181.S; l.irv. r,,l. ^, |,i. 17, 1824. Mar. 7, 1825, Ih : II. of the armv, which po-thcl. , !, ,i;li. Brev. brig--gen., June, 1>:;-, I; ^ , iii i| „> n., in Jilav, 1848. Jones, .'^A.iiLTLL, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1826), jurist, b. 17G9 ; d. Cold Spring, LI., Aug. 8, 1853. Y.C. 1790. His father, Chief Justice Samuel, styled the " father of the N.Y. bar," was originally a sailor, filled many important and responsible stations, was in 1788 a mem- ber of the convention which adopted the Con- stitution of the U.S., and d. 1819, a. 85. The son studied law in his father's office with De Witt Clinton ; member N.Y. Assembly 1812- 14; recorder N.Y. City 1823; in 1826 was app. by Gov. Clinton chancellor of the State; in 1 828 he .tccepted the office of chief justice of the Superior Court in N.Y. City; in 1847- 9 he was judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and ex officio a judge of the Court of Appeals. Until the last two months of his life, he took an active part in the arguments ami contests incident to practice at the bar. Samuel Jones and R. Variek pub. "Laws of the State of N.Y., Feb. 1778 to Mar. 1789," 2 vols, fok, N.Y. 1789. Jones, Samuel, gen. C.S.A., b. Va. 1820 ; killed in battle of Wilderness, Va.. 5 May, 1864. West Point, 1841. Prof. math. W. P. 1846-51 ; capt. 1st Art. 24 Dec. 1853 ; res. 27 Apr. 1861. App. col., soon after brig.-gcn., and early in 1862 maj.-gen., Confed. army; com. the forces in W. Va. until ordered in the spring of 1864 to re-enforce Lee on the Rapitlan. Jones, Thomas ap Catesbt, commodore U.S.N. Of Welsh descent, b. Va. 1789; d. Georgetown, D.C., May 30, 1858. Bro. of Gen. Roger. Entering the navy, Nov. 22, 1805, be became lieut. May 24, 1812; com. Mar. 28, 1820 ; and capt. Mar. 11, 1829. From 1808 to 1812 be was engaged in the Gulf of Mexico, and disting. himself in the suppression of piracy, smuggling, and the slave-trade. When the British naval exped. against New Orleans entered Lake Borgne, he, with a small flotilla, endeavored to intercept 40 British boats. Al- though wouniliil, ^iiiil . ,M.,|,. :iril to surrender, his conduct w:i- ' : n.-iulid. In 1842 he com. tlic I'.H .:: m1 liavin^', from erroneous intonii,:!. , - .n; -I tlir gov. of Mon- terey to surreiider, he «a-, lur this indiscretion, suspended from service for a time. Jones, Thomas P., M.D., d. Washington, Mar. II, 1S48, a. 75. Had been supt. of the patent-office, editor of the Froiiklin Journal, Phila., and of Marcel's Conversations on Nat. Philos. 1826. Jones, Valentine, a British maj.-gen.; d. Bath, Eng., Nov. 14, 1815, a. 89. i3rig.-gen. in America in 1775-6, under Gen. Howe; maj.-gen. Aug. 21, 1777; served on Long Island and in Rhode I-land. Jones, Walter, M D. (Edinb. 1770), an eminent physician, b. Va. 1745 ; d. Westmore- land Co., Va., Dec. 31, 1815. Wm. and M. Coll. 1760. He settled in Northumberland Co., Va., attaining an extensive practice, and the highest standing both as a scholar and physician. Apr. 11, 1777, he was app. by Congress physician-gen. of the hospital in the middle dept. M.C. 1797-9 and 180.:;-U. Jones, Wilie; d. near Raleigh, N.C. With bis brother Allen, he was a delegate to the Congress which framed the State constitution in 1776, and drew up the instrument which was adopted ; pres. of the com. of safety in 1775; delegate to the h. of commons 1776-8 ; delegate to the Old Congress 1780-1 ; elected to the Federal Const. Conv. in 1787, but de- clined ; member of the State convention which rejected the U. S. Constitution in 1788, of which he was an opponent. — Wheeler. Jones, William, gov. of li.I. 1811-17, b. Newport, 1754; d. Providence, Apr. 9, 1822. A carpenter in his youth. He entered the army in 1775 as a capt. in Col. Lippitt's R.I. reyt. ; afterward com. a marine corps in one of the national frigates ; was made prisoner at Charleston, S.C.; and after the war was a mer- chant in Providence till his death. He was several years a representative from Prov., and speaker of the Assembly. Jones, William,' statesman, b. Phila. 1760; d. Bethlehem, Fa., Sept. 5, 1831. When ab. 16 he joined a vol. company, and was pres- ent at the battles of Trenton and Princetim, and afterward on board several armed vessels. JON 498 JTJ^ He was once severely wounded, and twice made prisoner in lliat contest. He was iieut. with Com. Truxton in the James River, when that officer encountered and beat off a British ship of superior force. He then entered the mercliant-service, but in 1790 settled in Charles- ton, S.C., whence he removed to Phiia. in 1793. M.C. 1801-3 ; sec. of the navy Jan. 12, 1813, to Dec. 7, 1814; was afterward pres. of the U.S. Bank and coll. of Phila. He was nearly 26 years a member of the Philos. So- cietv. Author of " Winter Navigation of the Delaware," I'hila. 8vo, 1822. Jones, William Alfred, essayist, b. New York, June 26, 1817. Col. Coll. 1836; and in 18.11-65 was librarian of that institution. Member of a family long distinj;. for the emi- nent men it has furnished to the bar and the bench in ihe State of N.Y., including the ante- Kevol. period. He has cuiitrili. many literary ciiticisms to perioillci:-, rlil. Ilv t . ihe Church l^conl, A,xt,m,s, IT,,. /,■ ' ..■ 1 lU,: Democ. liecta: Several r^ . ■ . - i^ of his beei Collection of Miscellaneous Papers," 1840; "LitL-rary Studies," 2 vols. 1847; "Essays upon Authors and Books," 1849 ; and " Char- acters and Criticisms," 2 vols. 1857. He pub. in 1849 a Memorial of his father, David S. Jones, with notices of the Jones family of Queens Co. Jones, William E., maj.-gen. C.S.A., h. Va. 1824; killed Mt. Crawford, Va., June 5, 1864. A.M. of Emory and Henry Coll. 1847. West Point, 1848. Lieut, mounted rifles; resigned 1857. A cavalry ofiicer of ability, serving principally in Western Va. ; miij -gen. in 1863. Jonquiere, Jaques Pieere de Taffa- NKL. Miuipiis (le la, gov. of Canada 1749-52, b 1,1 .1 :iiM-;., France, 1686; d. Quebec, M, r ! ■ 1 1. ■ entered the navy in 1698; w.i iiNvin 1703; taken prisoner n.;i' l:,, Ml, I I Tdfi^wasat the siege of Toulon 17u7, :ui(l ilie ex|icd. to Rio Janeiro 1711; made Knight of St. Louis and capt. 1731 ; cii]>t. in the navy 1736 ; insp. of marine 1741 ; tlag-uffieer in 1744 of Admiral de Court; ac- eonip. D'Anville's fleet in 1746; app. gov. of Canada in 1747, but was taken by the British, May 3, on his way to that country, where he did not arrive till Sept. 2, 1749. He was tall, well made, of an imposing figure, and exces- sively brave, but very avaricious. His govern- ment was marked with considerable firmness; and he generally carried out the policy of the energetic and talented La Gallissoniere. He solicited a recall in 1751, in consequence of charges of monopoly of the peltry-trade, made by the Jesuits; but his bodily powers gave way before it arrived. He was one of the ablest of the French naval officers. — Morgan. Jordan, Robert, Quaker preacher, b. Nansemond, Va., Oct. 27, 1693; d. Phila. Aug. 5, 1742. He began to preach in 1718; visited N. E. in 1722; suffered imprisonment in 1723 and 1727 in Va. for his principles; travelled in Great Britain and the W. Indies in 1728-30 and in 1731-4; afterwards visited the eastern and southern provinces; made a second journey to Barbadocs in 1740; and was at Boston in nil.— Coll. of Qunkei Memormls. Josselyn, John, traveller, b. Eng. Son of Sir Thomas Jocelyn of Kent. He sailed for New Eng. Apr. 26, and arrived at Boston, July 2, 1638. He returned to Eng. in Oct. 1639; sailed a second time. May 23, 1663, and returned Dec. 1, 1671, the interval having been passed in New Eng. In 1672 he pub. in London "New England's Rarities Discovered." In it he presents a picture of Boston in 1663. This was repr. in 1865 with notes by Edw;\id Tuckerman. He next issued "An" Account of Two Voyages to New England," Loml. 1674. repr. "Boston 1869; also "Chronologi- cal Obbservations of America from the Year of the World to the Year of Christ," 1673. His only brother (Henrt) lived at Black Point (Scarborough, Me.) in 1638. He was sent over by Capt. Mason ; arrived at Piseat- aqna in the summer of 1634; and in 1636 and 1640 was a member of the Maine govt. In 1643 he succeeded to the Cammock patent at Black Point; and in 1645 became dep.-gov. App. a commiss. for the administration of the govt, in 1665. Active and influential in the affairs of Maine in 1635-76. — Willis in Geneal. Reg. ii. 204. Jouet, Matthew, pnrt. |,:iin'< r, Ii. Fay- ette Co., Ky., 1783; d. I.- :- I --6. Educated lor the bar. 11 ; .> ite pupil of Stuart in Bostn:! i!il~l7: |.i,h;i>i(l his art m, . ..r,,l , ,;, ,i,y year,- in Kv., .\. Or- leans, N.i I / I I -11 I I places in the South- west ; j: : I, i!i\ years the best port.- painter in iL- W ' - Z'-' /.-fuHfin. Juarez (ji'-u , F.imm., a Mexican pres., b. Villa Ix ' •. .ifOaxaca, 1807. Descend. ,1 ' I 1; , nue. Grnd. at the Coll. of ():i> ^ li: l ^ :iMyas made a member of the Institute nf Arts and Sciences. He gained distinction as a lawyer; was prof, of canonical law in the Institute of Oaxaca ; and took an active part in politics as a liberal member of thelegisl. of his native State. Made pres. judge, he was in 1846 elected dep. to the Mexican Congress. He was active in the administration of the law by which church property was secularized to meet the ncces.si- ties of Ihe war with the U.S. (1846-8). Gov. of Iiis native State from 1848 to 1852, and at his retirement left a balance in the public treasury. Banished by Santa Aiia in 1853, lie resided in New Orleans until May, 1855, when he returned, and accomp. Alvarez from Acapulco to Cuernavaea, where he was a rep- resentative in the Assembly, and, until Dec. 1 855, was minister of justice under Alvarez. While in this office, he promulgated the % Juarez, abolishing the privileges of the clergy and the army. Comonfort then app. him gov. of Oaxaca; in Nov. 1857 made him sec. of state; and subsequently he was app. pres. of the Supreme Court of justice. After the with- drawal of Comonfort, Jan. 1858, Juarez be- came, in virtue of his office, constitutional pres. of Mexico. Jan. 19 he established his govt, in Guanajnnta. The reverses of civil war afterward compelled him to remove it to Colima. From May 4, 1858, he oflieiated at Vera Cruz; but at the close of 18S0 had com- 499 polled his opponent Miramon to abdicate, and flee tlie coiinti-j-. Jan. 11, 1861, Juarez en- tered the city of Mexico, formed his cabinet, and in June was elected pros. Then came European intervention, and the short-lived empire of Maximilian. Driven by the French army from place to place, in 1863-6 he still held out against the enemies of his country ; but, the French army being withdrawn in 186'6, he succeeded in doleating the imperial forces early in 1867 ; captured Maximilian, whose exe- cution he ordered June 16, 1867; in Oct. was re-elected lo the presidency, and again in 1871. Juarros, D. Domingos, Guatimalian his- torian ; d. ab. 1818. He was an ecclesiastic, and was the first to point out the existence in Central America of those monuments, the age and origin of which are not yet determined. He pub. " Compendia de la Hikoria de la Ciu- dadde Guntimula," Guatimala, 1809-18,2 vols. Svo. : a translation by Lieut. Bailey appeared in Lond. in \825. — Nouv. Bioij. Univ. Judah, Uenky Moses, brig.-gen. vols., b. Snow Hill, Md., June 12, 1821 ; d. Plattsburg, N.Y., ,Jan. 14, 1866. West Point. 1843. En- tering the 8th Inf., he served in the Mexican war; com. his company at ihe storming of Mon- terey ; and, for gallantry at Molino del Rey and at the capture of the city of Mexico, received the brevets of 1st lieut. and capt. ; 29 Sept. 1853, he became capt. 4th Inf., serving actively for 9 years against the Indians of California, Washington and Oregon Tcrriiories; made col. March^ai, 1862, and .n-|, ."i "' '■•' Hal- leck's army on the Ten n. ; i^ -ijnnij his Maff- app., he was ordered to ccjiii iln- l-t iliv. ulthe army of the reserve, wliicli lie relinquished after the evacuation of Coriuth by the Confed. forces, and was re-app. insp.-gen. ; 30 June, 1862, he was made meijor 4tli Inlanliv : hrcv. col. U.S.A. Ilewasviii a ;v m I in II. I o: Morgan in his raid int„ K . : I and Ohio in 1863. In - \ i i campai;;n he com. a divi-iui. ■: lii- -i.'.-A • ".y-. Judd, Rev. Bethel, U.l). (T.in. isai), Epis. clergvman, b. Watertown, Ct., 1776 ; d. Wilmington, Del., Apr. 8, 18.i8. Y.C. 1797. Ord. deacon by Bishop Moore in 1798 ; recior of St. James Church, New London, Ct., for 15 years ; a pioneer of the church in N. C. ; and held a missionary station at St. Augustine, Florida. Ho was one of the early presidents of St John's Coll., Annapolis.— Z/is(. Mag. ii. 215. Judd, Norman B., lawyer and politician, b. Rome, N.Y., 10 Jan. 1815. He received a com. school education ; studied law ; and in 18-36 was adm. to the bar, and settled in suc- cessful practice in Chicago ; city atty. 1837-9 ; State senator 184-1-60 ; member of the Bloom- ington conv. in 1856, that organized the Re- pub, party, in which he was prominent ; and chairman State central com. 1856-61 ; chair- man of the III. delegation in the Chicago conv. that nominated Mr. Lincoln to the presidencv ; minister to Prussia, Mar. 1861-Oet. 1865 ; M.C. 1867-71. Pres. of the Peoria and Bureau Vallev Road, and of the liock Mand Railroad Bridge Co.— Hkeldies of ike Lmdin./ M, n of Chicago. Judd, Sylvester, journalist nn.l histo- rian, b. VVesthampton, Ms., 23 A|ir. 1789; d. Northampton, Ms., 18 Apr. 1860. Thos. his ancestor came to N. E. in 1633 or '34. He was some years in mercantile business ; owned and edited the Hampshire Gazette in 1822-34; was long engaged in investigating tlie history of the Ct. Valley; and pub. "Thomas Judd and his Descendants," 1856. His " History of Hadley" was pub., 8vo, 1863, with "Family Genealogies." hy L. M. Boltwood. Judd, Sylvester, author and Unitarian clergyman, son of the preceding, b. Westhamp- ton, Ms., July 23, 1813; d. Augusta, Me., Jan. 20, 1853. Y.C. 1836. On the comple- tion of his thcol. studies at Cambridge, in 1840, he was ord. pastorof the East Parish, Augusta, Me., Oct. 1. In addition to his pulpit-duties, Mr. Judd was a frequent lyceum-lecturcr on the social reforms of the day," opposing war and slavery, and advocating temperance. He pub. " Margaret, a Tale of the Real and Ileal," Bos- ton, 1845, which has been illustrated by a series of outline drawings by Darley (1856) ; " Philo, an Evangeliad;" and "Richard Edney," a romance, 1850. An old Indian tradition sug- gested to Mr. Judd a dramatic poem in 5 acts, " The White Hills, an American Tragedy," --■" unpub. A vol. entitled "The Church" ub. posthumously in 1854. — See Life haracter of Sylvester Judd, Boston, 1854, by Mrs. A. Hall. ' Judson, Adoniram, D.D., Baptist mis- sionary at Burmah, b. Maiden, Ms., Aug. 9, 1788 ; d. at sea, April 12. 1850. B.U. 1807 ; And. Sem. 1810. Son of Rev. Adoniram, of M. Opening a private school in Plymouth, Ms., he prepared bis " Element., of 'English Grammar," and "Y'oung Ladies' Arithmetic," pub. 1808 and 1809. Ord. 6 Feb 1812. Mar- rviiiL' Ann ILisseliine, aftenvards so noted for I' I". -Ill III I I" j.ii devotion, they sailed for ' III' I IJ; and, having settled at ; - ' ! I II li.lic toiled there neaily40 1 ;i lie u-as imprisoned two 1' 'I 111"! .iaiiy expecting some 111 liM .1 ;,, >ee himself sur- ■ aiiii- .ii native converts, and a.s.-ist. evangelists, Burmese rican ; acquired a thorough he Burmese language, into id other books; was nil and Ch years, and niai barbarous di-at rounded by tli- a strong cor|,.s as well as A knowledge of tionary of that langn.i : ir-c 4to vols. Having lost In- : ; i -;ir>, in Apr. 1834 he m. Mr-, .",ii.,li II 1', . iriiinan, who d. Sept. I, 1845 ; in .Jan., I.s4i., uliilc on a visit to the U.S., he ra. Emily Chubbuck, known under the nom de plume of " Fanny For- ester." Memoirs of his life have been pub. by F. Wavland, 1853; J. Clement, 1852; D. T. Middleditch, 1854; Mrs. H. C. Conant, 1856; and W. Hague, 1851. Judson, Ann Hasseltine, 1st wife of the preceding, b. Bradford, Ms., Dec. 22. 1789 ; d. Amherst, Burmah, Oct 24, 1826. She early de- veloped remarkable qualities both of intellect and character. Educated at the Bradford Acad. Her mind was well disciplined, and her acquisitions were unusually large. Feb. 5, 1812, she m. Mr. Judson ; and Feb. 19, em- JXTD 500 barked for Calcutta, licing the first American female! missionary. Slie revisited her home in 1822-'!, hut subsequently labored in Burmali. — Sn- Munoir I,,/ J!n: Jam.s I). Knowles. Judson, Kmily Chucbcck, b. Eaton, Madi=ou Co., N.Y., Aug. 22, 1817 ; d. Hamil- ton, N.Y.,June 1, 1854. Wireofthe Rcv.Ado- niram, but principally celebrated lor her prose and poetical writing.s, under the assumed name of Faunv Forester, which appeared in the Kiiirki'ibocker and Amer. Baptist Mag., and the N. Y. Mirror. She received a good education ; was for some vcars a tcailier in the Female Sum. at Unra'; aii'l .i. .I:i!p-, 1-^p.. n,. Dr. Ju(Im,„, ;n)'i i,ni)..Mi.,i. . , ■ • I i,,. Af- ter h:^ .I'.uh. .\|ir IJ ! , .ni-l to the U.S. u, rh...-u ,.l ]n- .liiMivii, „, whom, and to the revision of the Memoirs of her hus- band, by Pres. Wayland, the remainder of lier life was devoted. She began her career of authorship bv wiiliuL; sabliath-school books ; and 111 i~tl li-.,iiiii> .1 I' :.'i;;.ir contributor to tin- ' ,, ,' l/,,,5. lIcrpro.se writiii_ ill i ill. under the title of " .V.'i-i 'j ■ 1. " li-i I I.J 111; were pub. under the title of ■■ The Oiio." Her other works are " The Kathayan Slave," and " My Two Sis- ters." While in Rangoon she wrote the Me- moir of JIis. Sarah B. Judson. Juneker, Henry Damian, D.D., R.C. bishop of Alton, 111. (consee. 26 Apr. 1857), b. Fciietrau;;e, Lorraine, France, ab. 1810; d. Alton, Oct. 2, 1868. Emigrating earlv to the U. S., he studied in Cincinnati. Was' ord. a priest. Mar. 16, 18-34 ; had charge of the First German Catholic Cong, of Cincinnati, after- ward of St. Jolm'.s Church, Canton, O., and, subscepieutly lO I8-1O, ot Davtou, O. Junkin, Geoisge, 1)0., LL.D., Presb. ■ducr M', Jeff. Coll. 1813. He stir! I • ' :' 1:; \ V City; 'was licensed to p! 1 , - : ,1. I81S; and settled ovci ;,i . .,,^. _ ,,, u- . Milton and McEwcnsville. i'.l. II:,.: 'a.: cJiii u the lieliffioiis Farmer, and was active iu estttb- lishing jlilton Acad. In 1830 he was princi- pal ot the Manual Labor Acad, at German- town. From 1832 to 1841 and 1844-8, he was pres. of Laf. Coll. ; pres. of i\Iiaini U. 1841-4, and of Wash. Coll., Lexington, Va , fiom 1848 to 1861, when, on account of attachment to the Union, he left home, property, and a part of his family, and came to the North for protection. He afterward resiiled in Phila. and in N.Y. Prof in Laf. Coll. at the time of his death. Author of "Political Falla- cies;'' "Sunctilication;" "The Tabernacle;" " Piophecies of Daniel," 8vo ; "Lectures on the Prophecies," 8vo, 1844; " Sabbatismos ; " and a commentary on Hebrews. He was the ablest champion of old-school orthodoxy, and possessed great logical power, eloquence, and learning. His dau. Maroaket has ])ub. be- side fiiu'itive poems, " Silverwood, a Book of Memorres," 1857. Kalb, John, Baros de, maj.-gen. Revo). arinv, b. Huttendorf, in the margraviate of Bavreuth, Germany, 29 June, 1721 ; d. Cam- den, S.C, Aug. 19, 1780. He entered the regt. Loewendal, in the service of France, in 1743; became capt. and aide maj. in 1747; maj. 1756; lieut.-col. serving i;i m- <|iir, ii n. dept. under Marshal BroLtli i 1. In- rank of brig.-gen. and the onli r- it) in May, 1761, and until tin ,,1, - m 1 71, ;. Charged with a mission to the Amer. Colo- nies to ascertain their feeling towards the mother-country, and to learn their vulnerable points, he embarked in Dee. 1767, and returned at the close of 1768, having suffered ship- wreck near Staten Island. 28 Jan. 1768, and undergone great hardship. While in the per- formance of this mission, he was seized as a suspected person, but escaped detection. Ear- ly iu 1777 he accompanied Lafayette to this ciiuntrv, and offered his services to Congress. They were accepted; and 15 Sept. 1777, he was made a m,aj.-gen. At first he served in the main army; but in Apr. 1780 was sent to the assistance of S.C. in com. of the Md. and Del. troops. Before he could reach Charleston, how- ever. Gen. Lincoln had been made prisoner ; and the direction of the whole southern army, inconsequence, devolved upon the Baton, frotn May, 1780, until the app. of Gates. At the battle of Camden, Aug. 16, 1780, De Kalb, who com. the right wing, fell, pierced with 1 1 wounds, while gallantly fighting on foot. A marble monument was erected to his memory, by order of Congress, opp. the Presb. church of Camden; and in 1825 Lafayette placed its corner-stone, and also that of a monument at Annapolis, Md. — See Kapp, Kalb's Leben. Kalm, Peter, a Swedish traveller, and nat- ural philosopher, b. Ostro Bothnia, 1715; d. Abo, Nov 16, 1779. Educated at Upsal ; and, on til" siin--.r-, where he was a botanical prof, , [I iii^ travels (3 vols. 175.3-Cl), with a I ■■"unt of the productions of the soil, ,11,, 111 il .-niio-j'i-^. lit On- c'vritrics he had vi-r- ; A I I ■■ ■ '1 ;i.::i '1' I ihis work, l,V I II I : ■-; :!■ .1 .J KiilUSUbsC- iliii'ii .. :i 1 - I -ii'-.ii theRus- si.cii .loiiiiiiiuiis. i be n-.cuiiiiii evergreen shrub Kaliiiiu is named after him. Kane, Elisha Kent, M.D., arctic explorer, b Phila Feb. 3, 1820; d. Havana, Feb. 16, IS.^:, IIi< lulii r, .Tiiil-p -T.ilin K, Knne (Y.C. sevri.iii-'.-, I ii ■-■..I- I -.11- ,iii 1 .,1 111 ■ iiiiiversitios ot Va. tiiiil I'll., lal^ui,!; Ills iiiedn-al degree Feb- 3, 1843. In Oct. 1840 he was elected fe.s- identphvsician in the Pa. Hospital. Ill health led to his entering the navy; and in May, 1843, 111- mn! Ill- i-liv-hiiin to the embassy to China, lb I iiMvely in Asia, Egypt, and Km _' (ireece on foot; explored wr- I I .\ii I 1 1 ,is wounded in a skirmish in til- i I iind in May, 1850, sailed as siii_ I lii^t under Lieut. De Haven to 1 11 > I ,!iii Franklin. A narrative of ilii-i -.1111 ii. iMi [iiib.by Dr. Kane, 8vo, N.Y., 1853. He com. a similar cxpcd. which sailed May 30, 1853, the survivors of which returned Oct. 11, 1855, having been forced to abandon Ti-AJSr KEA " The Advance " in the ice, .ind to travel witli sledges and boats for 84 dav-s fo the Daiiish bcttlcments on the coast of Greenland. The most strikin;; result of the voyage was the discovery of tlie open polar sea, the existence of which Dr. Kane liad previously maintained. In 1856 he pub. " Arctic E.xplorations, the Second Grinnell Exped. in Search of Sir John Franklin in 1853-5," 2 vols. 8vo. This voyage cost the health and lives of most of his party. Gold medals were awarded him bv Congress, by the Icgisl. of N.Y., and hy the "Uoy. (ieog. Soclotyof Lond. He also ir,'ri\L 1 i .. i i.m's medal given to arctic cx]' :- 1': Ivmc's health giving way again, l I It V.n'^. Just previous to his depai i li 1 1 . i i < i :. 1 ^.'h, ho ra. Margaret Fox the nKdiiini ; but tlii'ir union was kept secret on account of the opposition of his family. Their subsequent refusal to ac- knowledge the claims of Mrs. Kane led to the publication of his letters to her, under the title of " Love-Life of Dr. Kane." Growing rapid- ly worse in Lond., he sailed, Nov. 17, for St. Thomas, whence he went to Havana, where he t\.—See las Lift, bi/ Dr. ]Vm. Elder, 8vo, Fhila., 1858; Diii/ckuuk' ICane, Paul, a Canadian painter, b. Toron- . to, ab. 18:20. He studied in Italy in 1820-5; and on his return home travelled extensively in the North-west Terr., returning Dec. 9, 1848, with a large collection of sketches, from which he made a series of oil paintings of great mer- it. In 185D he pub. in Lond. "Wanderings of an Artist." — Moryan. / C /ti. Kfa-pp, Frederick, b. Germany, exiled for ' * ^ political reasons in 18.">0. Resided many years in N.Y. City; returned home in May, 1870. App. Hon. Doctor of Sciences in the U. of Bonn, 1870. Author of " Life of Baron Steu- ben," N.Y., 12mo, 1859; "Life of Baron de Kalb," 1862, &c. KautZ, Ad6dst v., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. nearPotzhcim, Baden,Jan.5, 1828. West Point, 1852. His parents emigrated to the U.S. in 1828, and in 1844 settled nearRip- ley, O. Priv.atein the 1st Ohio fols. in ihe Mexican war ; and at the capture of Monterey. Entering the 4th U.S. Inf., he was wounded bv the Indians in an action on White River, "Wash. Terr., 1 Mar. 1856. Capt. 6th Cav. May 14, 1861 ; com. his regt. during thePenin- sular campaign ; col. 2d OMo Cav. Sept. 10, 1862 ; com. a cavalry brigade in Ky. in 1S6.3 ; and at the capture of Moniicello, Ky., 1 May, 1863, and brev. maj. 9 June, 1863, lor action there ; was in pursuit and at capture of John Morgan in July, 1853; chief of cav 23d corps in Burnside's campaign in E. Tcnn. and siege of KnoxviUc; brig.-gen. 7 May, 1864; and served in the Armies of the James and of the Potomac; brev. maj.-gen. Oct. 28, 1864 en- gaged in cutting the Petersb. and Weldon Rail- road, the Richmond and Danville Railroad, and Petcr-sburL' r""i I viir-iiii. Railroad, and the ac- tions at 1: ' ' r, i '_•■ and Reams's Station, and at 1 1 .i i ived from the cav. div. and as-i-i, , ^. ! ; .:,. , i^iith corps. Mar. 1865; mustered out .J.m. 1.'., ISG6. Afterward act- ing judge adv. of the milit. div. of the Gulf; brev. lieut.-col. for attack on Petersburg, 9 June, 1864 ; col. for Darbytown, 7 Oct. 1864 ; brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for merit, services during the Rebellion; lieut.-col. 15ili Inf 28 July, 1866. Author of " Company Clerk," " Customs of the Service," for com. and for non-com. officers. — Cutlum. Kavanagh, Edward, statesman, b. Apr. 27, 1795; d. Newcastle, Me., Jan. 20, 1844. A lawyer. Member of the Me. le-isl. 1826- 8, 1842-3; sec. of State senate 1830; M.C. 1831-5; i;Au/y;(fr/'«^a'res to Portugal 1835-41; dary in 1842; aciing^'ov. of Me. in 1843-4; and for a short time pres. of the State senate. Kean, Jons, delegate to Congress from S.C. 1785-7 ; commiss. to settle accounts be- tween the U.S. and individual States, and cashierof the U.S. Bank; d. PhilaMay, 1795. Eeane, Jonx, lord, a British gen., b. Belmont, Ireland, 1781 ; d. Aug. 24, IS44. He entered the army in 1793; served in Egypt in the campaign of Martinique and at the siege of Fort Desaix ; became lieut.-col. 60th Foot in 1812; com. a brigade in the Peninsular War ; was present at the battles of Vittoria, the Pyrenees, Nivclle, Orthes, and Toulouse; attained the rank of maj.-gen. in 1814 ; and was app. to the com. of the military force destined to co-operate with Admiral Cochrane for the attack on N. Orleans. When Sir E. Paken- ham arrived as the gen.-in-ehicf. Sir John was app. to the com. of the third bri-ade, and in an assault on the American line3,"8 Jan. 1815, received two severe wounds. Com. -in-chief at Jamaica from 1823 to 1830; at Bombay, from 1833 to 1839 ; lie was then intrusted with the operations in Atfghanistan, of which the cap- ture of Ghuznce was his crowning achieve- ment. For this service ho was raised to the peerage as Baron Keane in Dee. 1839. Kearney (Uar-nS), L.^wrence, eommo. U.S.N., b. Perth Amboy, N. J., Nov. 30, 1789 ; d. there Nov. 29, 1868. Midsliijnn. July 24, 1807 ; Sent. Mar. 6, 1813 ; com. Mar. 3, 1825 ; capt. Dec. 20, 1832; commo. 1866. He was 1st lieut. of the schooner " Enterprise," when she was wrecked after leaving N. Orleans for a cruise in 1812. His services on the coast of S.C. and adjacent States during the war were brilliant and valuable. Alter the war, as com. of " The Enterprise," he performed important services in ridding^the W. Indies and the Gulf of Mexico of pirates then inlestinL.' them; cap- turing their vessels, and ^ie ;: ■ . i:i_m ,i k ^tiong- holds. In com. of " Th \V , I iini.sed in the Levant in 1827 ; am; !■ . i , .energy and aeiivitv, iliat the Gnek |in.iie- mlesiing those M ii'i, M. tr ,!iiveu away, their ships de- stn)\<'l . i . :, -Is broken up. App. to com'.::. ; i. ,, : in 1841, he secured Irom the Ciii.ie.e .uiiau.iiies the recognition of our right to trade, and the same protection and facilities to our merchants as were about being granted by treaty to Great Britain. On his return liome fiom China, he stopped at the Sandwich Islands in June, 1843, in time to protest against their transfer to the British crown, without reference to the rights or in- terests of the U.S. He was afterward a mem- ber of the lighthouse board, and of the N.J. board of pilot commiss. Kearny, Philip, maj.-gen. vols., b. N.Y. KEA. 502 City, June 2, 1815 ; killed in battle near Chan- tilly, Va., Sept. 1, 1862. Col. Coll. 183.3. Ills great-grandfather, a native of Ireland, set- tled in Monmouth Co., N. J., in 1716. Bro. of Gen. S. W. Kearny. His mother was the dau. of the philanthropist, John Watts, founder of the Leake and Watts Orphan House. Ho stu- died law, but at 22 accepted a lieutenancy in the 1st Dragoons. He was shortly after sent to Europe by the govt, to study and report upon the French cavalry tactics. He entered the Polytechnic School at Sauinur; fought in the ranks of the rhasseurs d'Afriqiie as a vol. in AlL;cria ; and returned home in 1840, with the cross of the legion of honor. He became 1st licut. July, 1839 ; was aide to Gen. Scott from Dec. ISil to Apr. 1844 ; capt. Dec. 1846 ; served under Gen. Scott through the Mexican campaign, winning the highest distinction by his bravery, and com. his regt. in the Valley of iMcxico. He was brev. major for gallantry at Contrcias and Churubuseo, Aug. 20, 1847. In the attack on the San Antonio Gate of the city of Mexico, he lost his left arm. Ordered to Cal. he com. an cxped. against the Indians of the Columbia River ; resigned in Oct. 1851, and went to Europe, where be jmrsued his military studies. During the Italian war of 1859, lie served as vol. aide on the staff of the French gen. Maurice ; was present at Magenta and Solferino, and received from the emperor a second decoration of the legion of iionor. When ourcivil warbrokeout, he leftParis; hastened to Washington; was made brig. -gen. of vols, just alter the battle of Bull Rim, dating from Slay 1 7 ; and com. a brigade of N. Jersey troops in Franklin's division. lie was soon after pro- moted toa division in Gen. Ilcintzelman'sarmy corps, with which he served through the Pe- ninsular campaign with disting. valor; at Wil- liamsburg ho won the day, and at Fair Oaks brou,'lit olf his division in safety. During the "-days' battles, he was ordered to leave his sick and wounded. He nevertheless brought off every man of them, and, covering the rear, fought his way through what he considered an ill-jud-cd movement. M.tde maj -gen. of vols. July 4, 1SU2. His division was one of the first to re-enforce Gen. Pope, and was almost con- stantly engaged in the battles between the Kappahannock and Washington from Aug. 25 to Sept. 1. As a disciplinarian, ho excelled ; and his troops were enthusiastic iu their ad- miration of his bravery and military ability. Kearny, Stephen Watts, brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Newark, N.J., Aug. 30, 1794; d. St. Louis, Oct. 31, 1848. Son of Col Philip Kear- ny, bro. ot the preceding. Quitting his stu- dies at Col. Coll., be entered the army. Mar. 12, 1812, as licut. 13th Inf. ; disting. himself in the action at Queenstown Heights, Oct. 13, 1812 ; was made capt. in April, 1813 ; maj»r 3d Inf. May 1, 1829; lieut.-col. 1st Drags. March 4, 1833; col. July 4, 1836; brig.-gen. June 30, 1846. At the commencement of the Mexican war he com. the Army of the West, which marched to Cal., conquering New Mexico on its way. Having established a provisional govt, at Santa Fe, he proceeded to Cal., and fought the battle of San Paseual, Dec. 6, where he was twice wounded. He subsequently com. the sail- ors and marines, and a detachment of dragoons, in the battles of San Gabriel and the Plains of Mesa, Jan. 8 and 9, 1847. He was gov. of Cal. from March to June, 1847, afterward joined the army in Mexico; was military and civil gov. of Vera Cruz in March, 1848, and of tlic city of Mexico in May, 1848. He was brev. maj.-gcn. for his services in New Mexico and Cal. in Aug. 1848. Author of a " Manual for the Exercise and MancEuvring of U.S. Dragoons," Wash- ington, 1837 ; and " Organic Law," and " Laws for the Govt, of the Terr, of New Mexico," at Santa Fe', Sept. 22, 1846. Keating, William H., prof, of mineralogy and chemistry in the U. of Pa. ; was Geologist and historiographer to Maj. Long's second cx- ped. Authorof" Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of St. Peter's River, &c., in 1823," Phila. 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. Keayne, Capt. Robert, one of the fonnd- crs of Ms.; came over in 1635 ; d. Boston, Mar. 23,1056,a.61. A merchant-tailor by trade. He had considerable estate; encouraged and aided the plantation at Plymouth in 1624. Had be- longed to the Hon. Art. Co in London ; and in 1638 he was the principal in getting up, and •was first commander of, the Ancient and Hon. Artillery Co., an organization which still sur- vives. He was a liberal donor to Uarv. Coll. He was Irequently a i-epresentative between 1638 and 1649. He left a legacy for the estab- lishment of a free school in Boston, which was probably the foundation of the Latin Gram- mar School in Boston. — See his Wid in Gen- eat. Rcrj. vol. vi. . Keene, Laura, actress, b.Eng. 1830. She fir.st played at Mad. Vcstris's theatre, the Lyce- um, Lond. ; in Oct. 1851, made her dSut at the Olympic, as Pauline in the "Lady of Lyons ; " anil in 1852 came to the U.S., playing at Wal- lack's, Sept. 20. In Nov. 18.')5, she opened the Varieties, and Nov. 18, 1856, a new theatie, known as the Olympic, of which she continued lessee and manageress until 1863. Oct. 18, 1858, she produced " Our American Cousin," which had an immense run. " The Seven Sis- ters," brought out by her Nov. 26, 1860, ran 169 nights. In 1868 she visited Eng., and has since managed a travelling dramatic company. — Brown's Aiiier. Slwje. Keep, Rev. Johx, Cons, clergyman, b. Longineadow. Ms., 20 Apr. 1781; d.'Olieiiin, O., 11 Feb. 1870. Y.C. 1802. Pastor at Bland- lord, Ms., 11 June, 1805-Mav, 1821 ; at Ho- mer, N.Y., 1821-33; and in 1834 at Ohio City. Made a trustee of Oberlin Coll. in 1 834, he gave the casting vote admitting colored pupils to that institution. He afterwards raised $30,000 in Eng. for this coll , and aided in raising for it an endowment of 3100,000. He was the last sur- vivor of those ministers who in 1810 orgauizod the A. B. C. F. M. Keim, Gen. William High, b. Reading, Pa., June 25, 1813; d. llarrisburg. May 18, 1862. Educated at Mt. Airy Milit. Acad. Hard- ware merchant. Several years a militia gen. ; surveyorof the State 1859 ; M.C. 1858-9 ; maj.- gcn. Patterson's division on the Upper Poto- mac; made brig.-gen. U.S. V^ols. 1861; com. a brigade in McClcllan's army. Keimer, Samdel, originally one of the 503 KKL Keith, Geoiiue, (ji: land ; d. 1- ccioruiEdi.i 1710. Hu ; was well udu Jersc; f,^^\l L'lchc was Ml 16S'J 1 ._... ..- Il.n,l Mu'iIp ',',', on In ,i: ;i ill h- M lullov tiaii QuuUurs. He at ku . i : ; i d..- so- ciety, oUiciated as an E|m- i \cai- in N.Y. and Boston, a)id ai, Wuo ujMiiL'd to Eng. Hu liad learning, talent, acntL-iiuss, and lo^^ieal skill, but was in-itablu, overbeaiing, and virulent. He wrote raucli on the subject of Quakerism, both pro and con ; also Travels, 1G'J9; "Journal of Travels Ironi New Hamp- shire to Caia.uck," 1706; "New Theory of the Loni^itude,' 1709. — See Sewell's Uiat. of tite Quuhrs ; Proud a I'enn; WhwUni's Notes in Meinuiis llist. Soc. of fa., vol. i. Keith, Isaac Stockton, D.D. (Phil. Coll. 1791), ininialer of Charleston, S.U., from 1788 to Ins d., Dec. 14, 1813; b. Bucks Co., Pa., Jan. 20, 1753. N. J. Colt. 1775. Minister of Alexandria 1778-88. He left 35,000 to his church, and $2,500 to the Gen. Assembly. A coll. of Ilia sermons, addresses, &e., with a Me- moir by Dr. Plinn, was pub. 1816. Keith, KiiUEL, D.D., Pr.-Ep. clergyman, b. Pittslord, Vt., 179:i; d. Sheldon, Vt., Sept. a, 1842. Midd. Coll. 1814. He was for several years rector of a church in Georgetown, D.C., where he acquired a high reputation. He was in 1822-6 prof, of humanity and history in \Vm. and M. Coll.; and alterwards of pulpit elotiuence and pastoral duty in the Theol. bem. of tlie Ep. Church in Va. Among his publica- tions was a translation of " Heugstenberg's Christology," and a " Cointncntary on the Predictions of the Messiah," 3 vols. 8vo, 1836. Keith, Siu WiLLi.AM, gov. of Pa. 1717- 26 ; d. Eng. in poverty, Nov. 17, 1749, a. near 80. He bad been surveyor-gen. of customs in America. He was a " desperate intriguer," always courting the favor ol the peo|)le, and making delusive promises to individuals, sink- ing at length int.. ,..iii.i..iL He pub. " The ilistOiy ot the Ihi, i i' i i ms Ml Ameri- ca, Pari 1., con I, ^, li vuf Va.,"4to, 1738; "ColleetH.u-[ r,!,,. i , ,,:i4 i'lacts," 1749, containing an Essay on i'mdie .Spirit, Dis- course on the Present State of the Plantations in Brit. Anier., &c. — See Fnmldia's Autobiog. Keitt, Lawrence M., Deinoc. politician, b. Orangeburg Di»t., S.C.,Oct.4, 1824; d.Kieh- mond, Jniie2, 1864, of wounds received in the battle of the preceding day. S.C. Coll. 1843. Adm. to practise law in 1845; member State legi»l. 1848; M.C. 1853-61. Member Confcd. Congress; col. 20th S.C. regt.; one of the first in the Confed. service ; afterward a brig.-gen. Ho aided Brooks in his attack on Senator Sumner in 1856. KeHey, William Darraii, lawyer and politician, b. Phila. 12 Apr. 1814. Grandson of Major John, a Revol. officer of Salem Co., N.J. Losing his father at an early nge, he learned the jewelry business, which he fol- lowed in Boston in 1835-9, at the same time acquiring reputation as a writer and speaker. Returning to Phila. he was adm. to the bar 17 Apr. 1841 ; became conspicuous in the Demoe. party ; was atty -gen. in 1845-6 ; jndgc C.C.P. 1S4G-5C; and"M.C. since 1861. Joined the l;< i.;i'i I'lity in 1854, when he made his first 1; 'lib. address on "Slavery in the I i: I ^" Author of many remarkable -ji I :. - and addresses, taking high rank as a jioiiiiral orator. KeUogg, Clara Locise, vocalist, b. Sum- ter, S.C, 1842, of New-England parents. Her early years were passed in Ct. In 1858 she resided in N.Y. City, where her mother was a clairvoyant doctor. Failure was the result of her first attempt on the stage; but by ceaseless study and effort she developetl her powers, and on her re-appearance was tolerably successful. She made her de'bul at last in " Rigoletto," at the Acad, of Music, Feb. 27, 1861, and again failed. Her third effort was a sncccss, and since that lime her progress has been rapid. She found a friend in H. G. Stebbins of New York, who charged himself with the care and cost of her musical education. Her first real triumph was at N.Y. in 1864, as Margheritain "Faust," in which she appeared at London, Nov. 2, 1867, with complete success. In "Linda de Charaounix " lier acting and sing- ing, especially in the malediction scene, pro- duced great applause. She has also won public approbation in "Martha," "II Bar- bicre," " Don Giovanni," " Lucia," " La Tra- viata," and many other leading operas. Kellogg, Edward; d. Brooklyn, N. Y., Apr. 29, 1858, a. 68. Author of " Labor and other Capital," 8vo, N.Y., 1849. Kelly, James Madison, lawyer, b. Wash- ington Co., Ga., Jan. 1795; d. Perry, Ga., Jan. 17, 1849. In early life he was in trade; taught school ; and was a justice of the peace. Adm. to the bar in 1837, he was soon after a member of the Icgisl. ; and in Jan. 1846, reporter of the Sup. Ct. He pub. 5 vols, of Georgia Reports. — Miller's Bench and Bar of Ga. Kelly, John, many years editor of the Exeter News Letter, b. Warner, N.H., Mar. 7, 1786; d. Exeter, Nov. 3, 1860. Darlm. Coll. 1804. He practised law in Hennikcr and Norihwood; member of the N. II. legisl. ; clerk of the house in 1828 ; removed to Exeter in 1831 ; State councillor in 1846. Histing. as an antiquarian. — Alumni D.C. Kelly, Jonathan F., humorist, known as " Falcon bridge," " Jack Humphries," and " Stampede." Author of " Memoirs of Fal- conbridge, a Collection of Humorous Scenes," Phila. 1856. Kelly, RonEKT, LL.D. (Roch. U.), a use- ful citi,!cn of New York, b. 1809; d. 27 Apr. 1856. Col. Coll. 1827. He acquired wealth as a dry-goods merchant, and retired from business in 1836. A good classical scholar, he acquired the knowledge of 8 languages. A\> plying himself to the promotion of public edu- cation and the amelioration of human misery, 504 he was pres. of the Board of Education, rcfrcnt of the U. of N.Y., a founder of the N.Y. Free Acad., and pres. of the trustees of the House of Refuge. Kemble, Frances Anne (Mrs. Butler), actress a[)d authoress {niece of the celebrated Mrs. Siddons), b. London, 1811. Though a member of the most celebrated family of British actors, she manifested no predilection for the stage, but was induced by the embarrassed cir- cumstances of her family to make hev d^but at Covent Garden, then under the management of her father (Charles), Oct. 10, 1829. She played Juliet with complete success ; and for 3 years performed leading parts in tragedy and comedy with great applause,' including that of Louise de Savoy in her own play of " Francis First," written when she was 17.' She was the original representative of Julia in " The Hunehli.iek." In 1832 she aceomp. her father to the U. S., and was enthusiastically received in the chief cities. In 1834 she was m. to Pierce Butler of Phila. son of the senator of that name, and retired from the stage. They separated, from incompatibility of tastes and temperament, in 1845. She pub. "A Journal of a Residence in America," 2 vols. London, 1835; in 1837adrama, "The Star of Seville;" and in 1844 a coll. of her poems, a portion of which only had previously appeared. In 1 846 she visited Italy; and in 1847 pub. an account of her tour, entitled " A Year of Consolation." In the winter of 184S-9 she commenced in Boston a series of Shakspeaiian readings, which drew crowded audiences, and during the next two years repeated the course in some of the principal American cities. In 1851 she returned to England ; re-appeared for a brief period on the stage; and, after giving readings in London and other cities, made another long Continental tour. In 1856 she returned to the U.S., and continued to give rcadifigs till Feb. 1860, when she took her farewell of the public at Boston. She again read in New York in Mar. 186S. In 1863 she pub. "Journal of a Residence on a Georgia Plantation." In 1863 she pub. in London a volume containing "An English Tragedy," by herself, and some trans- lations. During the civil war she resided in England. Kemp, James, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1802), Prot.-Ep. bishop of Md., b. Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1764 ; d. Baltimore, Oct. 28, 1827. Maresehal Coll., Aberdeen, 1786. lie attended the divinity lectures of the celebrated Dr. Campbell. In Apr. 1787 he embarked for the U.S. ; was two years a private tutor in Dor- chester Co., Md., and was, Dec. 26, 1789, adm. to orders. In 1790 he became rector in the Great Choptauk Parish; in 1813 assoc. rector of St. Paul's, Baltimore ; was consec. suffragan, Sept. 1, 1814; and in 1816, upon the death of Bishop Clagget, succeeded him as diocesan. Provost of the U. of Md. 1816-27. His death was occasioned by the upsetting of a stage- Kemp, John, LL D., prof, of mathem. in Col. Coll., b. Aehlossan, Scotland, Apr. 10, 1763; d. Nov. 15, 1812. Mar. Coll. Aberd. 1781. He was chosen a member of the Roy. Society of Edinb. before he was 21 ; came to Va. soon after; and, removing to N.Y., was in 1 785 app. teacher of math. The next year he was app. prof., and in 1795 assumed the chair of geography, history, and chronologv. Kemper, Jackson, D.D., LL.D'. (U. of Camb.), Krst miss, bishop of the Prot.-Epis. Church, b. Pleasant Valley, Dutchess Co. N.Y., Dec. 24,1789 ;d.Delatield,\VaukeshaCo., Wis., May 24, 1870. Col. Coll. 1809. Deacon 1811; priest 1812. The first 20 years of his ministerial life were spent in Phila. Sept. 25, 1835, while rector of a church in Norwalk, Ct., he was consec. missionary bishop of Mo. and Ind., and was afterward transferred to Wis., Iowa, Min., Kansas, and Nebraska. Elected bishopof Wis. 1854. He had an immense and thinly settleddiocese ; and hislongand frequent journeys were made on horseback, or in an open wagon. In 1868 he attended the General Council of Bishops in London. Kemper, James, pres. of Walnut Hills Coll., Ohio; d. Aug. 29, 1834, a. SO. Kemper, James Lawson, maj.-gen. C.S.A., b. Madison Co., Va., 1824. Wash. Coll., Va., 1844. Lawyer; 10 years member of the Va. legisl. ; 2 years speaker ; col. 7th Va. regt. 2 May, 1861 ; brig.-gen. May, 1862; maj.-gen. June, 1864. Fought at Bull Run, Williamsburg, Seven Pines, Second Bull Run, South Mountain, Fredericksburg ; desperately wounded and captured at Gettysburg, and dis- abled from further service. Kempt, Sir James, gov. of Nova Scotia, 1820-8 ; gov. Canail.i I -j--:n ; I. i:,linburgh 1765; d. London, D- J' - I i-i-n 101st Foot 1783 ; capt. 1 1 :; ; : ■ i - ; 1 in Ire- land and Holland; lin: ■ I 17 ri; aide-de- camp, and milit. see. to J>ir Unlph Al)ercrom- bie in Egypt in 1800; served through the Peninsular campaigns; miij.-gcn. 1812; se- verely wounded at Waterloo ; liout.-gen. May 27, 1823; gen. 1841. Kendall, Amos, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1849), politician and publicist, b. Dunstable, Ms., Aug. 16, 1789; d. Washington, D.C., Nov. 12, 1869. Dartm. Coll. 1811. Until the age of 16 he worked on his father's farm. Adm. to the bar; and in the spring of 1814 eniig. to Lexington, Ky. Here he resorted a while to teaching; and was for some months a tutor in the family of Henry Clay. Subse- quently establishing himself 'in practice at Georgetown, he was app. postmaster, and edited the Ari/us, a political newspaper, ably advocat- ing the leading measures of the Demoe. party. He was also one of the earliest friends of com- mon schools in Ky., and succeeded in procuring the passing of an act to district the State and to provide a school-fund. He was a firm sup- porter of Gen. Jackson, who in 1829 app. him 4th auditor of the treasury. In May, 1835, he was made postmaster-gen., and reorganized the dept., freeing it from the debt with which it had been embarrassed. He retired in June, 1840, and afterw.ird devoted himself chiefly to his profession. In 1845 he undertook the en. tire management of Prof. Morse's interest in the Electro-Magnetic Telegraph. He founded and was lirst pres. of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum in Washington, D.C., and was a liberal benefac- tor of the Baptist Church there. For some KKN" 505 years he was pres. of the Trustees of Col. Coll., n.C, in which he had endowed several scholarships. He left in MS. a history of his " Life and Times." Author of a " Life of Andrew Jackson," begun in 184.3, but not com- pleted. — See Deitioc. Rev. i. 403. Kendall, George Wilkin's, journalist and author, b. Amherst, N.H., 1807 ; d. Post Oak Sprin';, near Bowie, Texas, Oct. 21, 1857. A printer by trade. He travelled extensively throuj^h the Southern and Western States, working at his trade journeyi He , from N.Y. to N. Orleans in 1835, and es- tablished there, Jan. 27, 1837, in partnership with F. A. Lurasden, the Picai/une, a daily newspaper, which became a leading Southern journal. He joined the Santa Fe exped. in 1841, of which he pub. an account, embracing his own captivity and sufferings in Mexico, en- titled " Narrative of the Texan Santa Fe' Ex- pedition," 2 vols. 1844. Accompanying the forces under Taylor and Scott, he witnessed the chief conflicts of the Mexican war. By means of pony expresses and steamers, he sup- plied Ids newspaper regularly with the earliest and fullest intelligence of the movements and battles of the contending armies, even sup- plying govt, with advices in advance of its official despatches. On one of these occasions he chartered a steamer at an expense of So ,000. He afterward passed two years in Europe, super- intending the pub. of a costly illustrated work on the war, which appeared in 18.51 in a folio vol. In 1862 he established a large grazing farm near New Braunfels, in Comal Co., Cen- tral Texas, where he resided, after retiring from the management of the Picaaune. — N. Y. Inleriml. Ma,,, ill. 145. Kendal, Samuel, D.D. (Y.C. 1806), min- ister of Weston, Ms., from Nov. 5, 1785, to his death, Feb. 16, 1814; b. Sherburne, Ms., July II, 1753. H.U. 1782. His ancestor Francis lived in Woburn, in 1647. A vol. of bis ser- mons was pub. after his death. — Col. Cent. Feb. 26, 1814. Kendrick, Asahel Clakk, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1848), a Baptist clergyman, and Greek Scholar, l>. Poultney, Vt., Dec. 7, 1809. Ham. Coll. 1831. He taught two years in the acad. at Hamilton, N.Y. ; in 1831 was tutor in the literary and thcol. inst. there; and in 1832 was made prof, of Greek and Latin. He remained prof, of Greek till 1850, when, on the estab- lishment of the U. of Rochester, he was called to the Greek professorship, where he still re- mains. In 1852-4 he visited Europe. Besides numerous contribs. to magazines and reviews, lie ha man ; and several Greek text-books; a Memoir of Mrs. E. C. Judson, 1860, Life of Rev. L. W. Peck; and has revised Olshausen's " Com- mentary on the New Testament." Kendrick, John, navigawr, b. Boston ; killed in the roadstead of Hawaii in 1800. A resident of Warehain, Ms., com. a privateer during the Revol. war, was of an adventurous spirit, and was one of the first of Amcr. seamen to undertake useful voyages of discovery. In Aug. 1787, commanding" The Columbia' "and the sloop " Washington," fitted out by Boston merchants, he explored the north-west coast of America and the islands of the Pacific. Ex- changing ships with Capt. Gray, his second in com., the latter, in a subsequent voyage, discov- ered the Columbia River. In 1791 Kendrick, in company with Douglas, in the brigs " Wash- ington " and " Grace," made another voyage to the South Seas. He visited Oceaiiiea ; ori- ginated, and carried on a successful trade in san- dal-wood with Cliina ; and was in the harbor of Hawaii, when an English capt., replying to his salute, discharged a cannon loaded with grape. Kendrick and two of his men were killed. — Noitv. B'log. Univ.; Freeman^s Cape Cod. ii. 732. Kendrick, Nathaniel, D.D. (B.tJ.1823), Ba].ti.. clrivv.nnn.h. Hanover, N.H., Apr. 22, 1777; .1 S, ,: M I'^l,-^. Until the a-e of 20, hew- ! . i : Jiirr's farm. Licensed to Srcai I. . I , ' . ;. ! ' ''ilJ a vcar at Bcllingham, Is.; V... . |,.i.iu. .itLauMngburg,N.Y.,iu 1805- 10, at .Uiddlcbuiy, Vt., in 1810-17, when he became pastor at Eaton, N.Y. Prof, of theol- ogy ami moral philosophy in the institution (now Madison U.) at Hamilton, from 1822 to his death. He was injured by a fall in 1845, and sufl'ered greaily till he d. — See Memoir bi/ his Son-in-Law, Rev. S. W. Adams, D.D. Kennedy, Akchibald, succeeded to the earldom of Cassalis in 1792; d. Dec. 29, 1794. Made capt. R.N. Apr. 4, 1757; receiver-gen. of N. Y. Author of " Importance of the Northern Colonies," N.Y., 8vo, 1749; "Pres- ent State of the Northern Colonies," Svo, 1754. He m. Anne, dau. of John Watts of N.Y. In Dec. 1763 he com. " The Blonde," 32, and af- terward " The Coventry," at N.Y. In 1760, as capt. of" The Flamborough," he greatly dis- ting. himself in an action with a French frigate of superior force. Kennedy, Edmund Pendleton, capt. U.S.N., b. Md. 1780; d. Norfolk, Va., Mar. 28, 1844. Midshipm. Nov. 22, 1805 ; Ueut. June 9, 1810 ; master-com. Mar. 5, 1817 ; cajjt. Apr. 24, 1828. Kennedy, John Pendleton, LL.D. (H. U. 1863), author and politician, b. Balti- more, 25 Oct. 1795 ; d. Newport, R.I., 18 Aug. 1870. Bait. Coll. 1812. In 1814 be was a vol. in the battles of Bladenslmrg and North Point ; practised law in Baltimore from 1816 to 1838; was M C. in 1837-9 and 1841-5, and a promi- nent leader in the Whig party ; member of the Md. house of delegates in 1820 and 1822, and speaker in 1846; and was sec. U. S. navy in 1852. In 1831 he was a delegate to the Con- vention of Friends of the Manuf. Interest held in N. York ; and was one of a com. to draught an address advocating a protective policy. He commenced his literary career by the publica- tion, in fortnightly numbers, of the "Red Book" in 1818-19. Among his various speeches, re- ports, addresses, &.e., are " A Review of the Cambridge Free-Trade Report, by Mephis- tophiles," 1830; " Report on U. S. Commerce and Navigation," 1842, and on the " Ware- house System," 1843; "Defence of the Whigs," 1844; also author of the novels, "Swallow Barn," 1832; " Horse-Shoe Robinson," 1835 ; " Rob of the Bowl," 1838, and " Quod Libet," 1840; of"MemoirsofWm. Wirt," 1849; and IvEN 506 KE3V manv hist, and literirv essays, reviews, &c. — Sef life In/ H. T. Tucherman, 8vo, 1871. Eeimedy, William, private sec. to Earl Purliam in Canada, and formerly Brit, consul at Texas. Author of " Poems," and of " The Rise, Progress, and Prospects of the Republic of Texas," 2 vols. 8vo, 1841 ; al.so " Texas, its Geos., Nat. Hist., and Tupo-.," 8vo, 1844 ; "SecVoy.in Search of Sir J. Franklin," 1853. Kennon, Beverly, capt. U.S.N.; killed by the bursting of a cannon on board the steamer" Princeton," Feb. 23, 1844. Midshipm. May 18, 18(19; lieut. July 21, 181.3; com. Apr. 24,'lS28; c:ipt. Feb. 19, 1837; chief of the burc\u l,l^■()u^t^UL•tio^, &c. Kenrick, Fkancis Patrick, D.D., R. C. arei.hp. ot Bjliimorc, b. Dublin, Dec. 3, 1797; d. Baiiiinore, Julv 8, 18fi:). He received a clas- sical edueaiion, aiid alter G vears uf iheol. studv at KoMie in IS'Jl ua» ord. pi'ie^t. He li.en caii.e to the U.S., and conducted lur 9 years an eccle- siastical seni. at Bardstuwii, Ky. In 1828 lie pub. " Letters of Omieion to f)nie^'a," in reply to Rev. Dr. Blackburn's attack on tlie llonuin Cath. doctrmeof the Eucharist. June C, 1830, he wasconsee. bishop of Arath, and co-adjutor to Bishop Conwell of Pbila., whom he succeeded in 1842. During his episcopate in 1844 the anti- Catholic riots occurred in Phila , and he made every effort to calm the agitation of both par- ties. He lounded the Theol. Seni. of St. Charles Borroineo in Phila. Aug. 19, 1851, hesucceed- ed Eeclcston as archbishop of Baltimore. The pope named him "apostolic dele;;ate" to pre- side over the first plenary council of the U.S., convened at Baltimore in May, 1852, and in 1859 conferred on him and his successors the " primacy of honor " in the U.S. In 1839-40 he pub. " Theologia Doginutica," 4 vols.; in 1841-3 "Theolorjia Momlis," 3 yoU.; in 1837 a series of letters " on the Primacy of the Ho- ly See," subsequently enlarged, and reprinted as " The Primacy of the Apostolic See Vindi- cated," 1845 ; " Four Sermons preached in the Cathedral at Bardstown," 1829 ; " The Cath. Doctrine on Justification Explained and Vin- dicated," 1841; "Treatise on Baptism," 1843; aud " Vindication of the Catholic Church," in reply to Bishop Hopkins's " End of Contro- versy Controverted," 1855. The article " Ro- man Catholic Church," in Appleton's Cyclo- psedia, was from his pen. He was latterly en- gaged upon a revised English translation of the Scriptures, intended to supersede the Douay version ; and had already pub. the New Testament and several portions of the Old. Kenrick, Peter Richard, D.D., R. C. archbishop of St. Louis, bro.of F. P., b. Dub- lin, 1806. Educated at Maynooth, where he was prefect. Ord. priest in Ireland, and came to Phila. while his bro. was co-adjutor. Here he had charge of the Catholic Herald; wrote a number of translations and original works ; and was made vicar-gen. Nov. 30, 1841, he was consec. bishop of Drasa and co-adjutor of Bish- op Rosati of St. Louis, whom he succeeded in 1843. In 1847 he became the first archbishop of that city, the environs of which he has adorned with one of the finest cemeteries in the world. He has pub. " The Holy House of Loretto," "Anglican Ordinations," and some translations. Kensett, John Frederick, artist, b. Cheshire, Ct., .Mar- 22, 1818. He studied en- gr;n Jul: ill N. Voik, and for several years exe- cuteil vi^;iieites lor bank-notes. In 1840 he visited ICn- ; and in the spring of 1845 he ex- hibited in the Roy. Acad. Loud, his first pic- ture, a " View of 'Windsor Castle." He next spent two winters in Rome. His " View on the Arno" and "Shrine," exhibited at the Acad, of Design in N. Y. in 1848, established bis reputation. Since his return in 1847 he has resided in New York, in the pracli^e of his art. Among his most popular works are " View of Mi. Washinmon from N. Conway," 1849; "Fraiicunia Mountains," I8.)3; " October Day in the White Mountains," 1855; "Hudson Uivei- fnun Fort Putnam," 1856; "Falls of tlir H:i.i,|H-h:" ■■ Sunset on the Coast," 1858; ••l„.ke <.e.„^, ;""Ulswater;" " Noon on the Sr:i .I.uiv ; " " A.l iiondacks ; " " Niagara ; " "Huiuatonic Valley;" "Coast Scenery;" &c. In 1359 he was app. a member of tiie Na- tional Art Commission, having the dinction of the ornamentation of the Capitol at Washing- ton, and the superintendence of the works de- posited there. In 1848 he was elected an asso- ciate, and in 1849 a member, of the National Acad, of Design. Kent, Edward, LL.D. (Wat. Coll. 1855), jurist, b. Concord, N.H., Jan. 8, 1802. H. U. 1821. He studied law; attended a course of law lectures by Chancellor Kent in N.Y. City; settled in practice at Bangor, Me., in 1825 ; and ut once took high rank in the profession. In 1827 he was app. chief justice of the Court of Sessions for Penobscot Co.; and from 1829 to 1833 was a member of the Icgisl. He was af- terward mayor of Bangor 2 years, and was gov. in 1838 and '40. In 1843 "he was app. by the legisl. one of the commiss. for settling the Me. boundiiry-line under the Ashburton 'I'reaty. In 1848 he was a delegate to theconvention which nominated Gen. Taylor, upon whoso accession to ihe presidency Gov. Kent was app. consul at Rio de Janeiro. In the spiing of 1854 he re- turned to Bangor, and resumed practice. In 1859 he was app. assoe. justice of the Supreme Court. Kent, James, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1797), jurist, b. Philippi, Putnam Co., N.Y., 31 July, 1763; d. N.Y. City, 12 Dec. 1847. Y. C. 1781. Moss Kent (his father) was surrogate of Rensselaer Co. James studied law with Egbert Benson ; was adm. to the bar in 1787 ; began practice at Poughkeepsie ; was a mem- ber of the legisl. in 1790 and '92 ; and, remov- ing to New York, in 1793 became prof, of law in Col. Coll. Counselled by Hamilton, he directed his attention to the doctrines of the civil h\w, in which he was deeply read. App. master in chancery, and elected to the legisl. in 1796; city recorder in 1797 ; judge of the Su- preme Court in 1798; chief justice in July, 1804; and chancellor from Feb. 1814, to 31 July, 1823. In 1822 he represented Albany Co. in the State Const. Conv., of which ho was a disting. member. App. law prof, in Col. Coll. in 1824, his lectures delivered there form the basis of his celebrated commentaries on ilio U S. Constitution, pub. in 4 vols. 1826-30. He was not only an eminent jurist, but was one of 507 the first legal writers of his time. In 1836 ho wrote and pub , at. the request of the common council of New York, a compendious treatise on the city charter and the powers of the municipal officers. The latter pan of his life was passed in enlarging and correcting his " Commentaries," and in giving opinions on legal subjects. Made pies, of the N.Y. Hist. Soc. in 1828. His decisions in law and equity are preserved in the Reports of Caines and Johnson. His son William, an eminent law- yer (1802-4 Jan. 1861 ), was some years judge of the N.Y. Circuit Court, and prof, of law at H.U. 1846-7. Moss KiiNT, his bro., was M.C. in 181.3-17. Kent, Joseph, physician and si b. Calvert Co., Md., Jan. 14, 1779; d. near Bladensburg, Md., Nov. 24, 1837. He was educated as a physician, and combined the practice of his profession with the successful pursuit of agriculture, first in Calvert Co., and after 1806 in Piince George Co. He was an M.C. in 1811-15 and in 1821-6; gov. of Md. in 1826-9 ; and a U.S. senator in 1833-7. Kenton, Gen. Simon, Western pioneer, b. Fauquier Co., Va., April 3, 1755; d. Logan Co., 0., April 29, 1836. His father was Irish, his mother Scotch. At the age of 16 he had an affray with a successful rival in love; and, supposing he had killed him, he fled to the wilderness west of the Alleghanies, wheie, dur- ing the conflicts with the Indians in the Revol. war, he performed many daring feats, and was the friend and companion of Boone. He was with Major Clarke at the surprise of Kaskaskia in 1778; was soon after captured by the In- dians, and saved from death at their hands by the renegade Simon Girty. Escaping frotn the British prison at Detroit in July, 1779, he dis- ting. himself during the invasion of Ivy. by the British and Indians in tliat year, leading an active and numerous company from Harrod's Station, who drove out all opposition. After leading a successful exped. aL'ainst the maraud- ing Indians on the Great Miami, he in July, 1784, settled near Maysville. In 179.3-4 be was major, com. a batt. of Ky. vols, under Gen. Wayne. Beggared by lawsuits from a defec- tive land-title, and from losses, in 1802 he be- came landless ; settled on Mud River, Ohio ; be- came a brig.-gen. in 1805; and in 1813 served un- der Shelby in the battle of the Thames. In 1824 he appeared in Frankfort in tattered garments to petition the legisl. of Ky. to release the claim of the State upon some land owned by him. His appearance at first excited ridicule; but, on being recognized, he was treated with much dis- tinction, and his lands released. Congress subsequently gave him a pension. — Collhis's Ky. Kenyon, William Asuhey, a native of Hingham, Ms., who taught school in Illinois, first vol. of poems printed in Illinois. " Several of them pleasantly satirize backwoods customs, but with more truth than poetry." — Poets and Poetri/ofthe iVesl. Ker, John, b. Boston, Ms., ab. 1785. Author of " Travels through the U. S. and Mexico in 1808-16,"8vo, Elizabothtown, N.J., 1816. Removed at an early age with his father to London, and educated at Westminster School. Ker found a tribe of Indians near the Red River, from whose language and customs he inferred a Welsh origin, and whom ho sup- posed descended from Madoc, the Welsh prince, who in the 12th century, sailing due west from Wales, discovered an unknown country, and who never returned from his 3d voyage. Kerfoot, John Barrett, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1850), LL.U. Rector St. James Coll. Md.; pres. Trin. Coll. 1864-5; consec. bishop of Pittsburg, Jan. 25, 1866. Kerlereo, gov. of La. Feb. 9, 1753, to June, 1763, when he returned to France, and was thrown into the Bastile, on a charge of peculation He was a capt. in the French navy; had been 25 years in active service; was in four general engagements ; and had received several wounds. — Caijarri. Kerney, Martin J., author and editor, b. Frederick Co., Md., 1819 ; d. Baltimore, Mar. 16,1861. After conducting an acad. in Bait., he became a lawyer, and continued in practice till his death. Member of the legisl. of Md. in 1852. He edited the MetropolUan 3far/a:ine 4 years ; compiled the Catholic Almanac for 1860-1 ; and wrote a number of school-books, among them a " Compendium of History." Kershaw, J. B., maj.-gen. Confcd. army, b. S.C. Raised the 2d S.C. regt., and disting. at Bull Run. Made brig.-gen. 13 Feb. 1862; maj.-gen. 1864; com. a brigade in McLaw's division, and engaged in the Peninsular battles wiih McClcllanV at the second Bull Run, An- tietam, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg; com. a brig, of Longstreet's corps at Cbickamauga; and was in the attack on Knoxvillc, and the battles of the Wihlerness ; and surrendered with Lee in Apr. 1865, having com. a division in the corps of Longstreet after Knoxvillc. Kertk, Admiral Sir David, com. of a successful exped. against Canada; had been a master-mariner at Dieppe, France, but en- tered the English naval service in the reign of Charles I. Placed in charge of a formidable force, and accump. by his two brothers, he ar- rived at Tadoussac in midsummer, 1628, and after destroying the stores, &c., sent a sum- mons to Champlain to surrender, which was refused. Kertk, thinking Quebec strongly for- tified, after capturing a Fiench convoy on its way to Quebec, went home. In July, 1629, he returned, again demanded a surrender; and Champlain, being weaker than ever, capitulated. Kertk, leaving his bro. Lewis in com. of the city, proceeded to Eng., taking Champli.inand others with him a.s prisoners of war. He after- ward captured Ca|)e Breton, which was re- captured by Capt. Daniel. These events took place two months after peace had been con- cluded between France and England, and were not recognized by either nation. As late as 1645 he was on the coast of Newfoundland. — Monjan. Ketehum, William Scott, brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A., b. Norwalk, Ct., July 7, 1813; d. by poison. Bait., 28 June, 1871. West Point, 1834. His father. Major Daniel, disting. him- self at the battle of Niagara, July 25, 1814 ; d. KET 508 Jefferson Barracks, Aug. 30, 1 82S. Wm. S. en- tered the 6th Inf., was made 1st lieut. 25 Dec. IS37 ; assist, quarterm. (rank of capt.) 28 Feb. 1839; capt. 10 Feb. 1842; major (4th Inf.) 5 June, 1860; lieut.-col. (lOtli Inf.) Nov. 1, 1861 ; col. (Uth Inf) 6 Ma7, 1864. He served in Florida from 1838 to 1842 ; joined Gen. Tay- lor at Corpus Cliristi, Te.\as, in 1845; coin, at Fort Laramie from Sept. 1830, to July, 1855; afterwaril served against the Indians ; was on duly in Kansas in 1857-8 ; then marched with Ills 'regiment to Utah, and thence to Cal. He afterward com. various posts in the dept. of the Pacific. Feb. 3, 1862, he was made brig.-gen. vols.; was acting insp.-gen. in the West 1861- 2; and 13 Mar. 1865 was brev. brig.-gen. for merit, services during the Rebellion, and maj.- gen. fur merit, services in the war dept. ; re- tired July, 1870. — Cu//(im. Kettell, Samuel, editor, b. Newburyport, Aug, 5, 18U0; d. Maiden, Ms., Dec. 3, 1855. Engaging early in literary pursuits, he assisted Mr. Goodrich in preparing the Peter Parley books, one of which he translated into modern Greek while on a voyage to Malta ; and it was pub. in that language. He also pub. a coll. of " Specimens of American Poetry," 3 vols. 12mo, 1829 ; " Personal Narrative of the First Voyage of Columbus," 1827 ; " Records of the Span. Inquisition," 1828 ; and many clever pa- pers in the periodicals of the day. Was an accomplished linguist; and, self-taught, mas- tered, as is said, 14 languages. Having been a frequent contrib. to the Boston Courier, he be- came principal editor on the retirement of Mr. Buckingham, in 1848, and conducted it with vigor and ability until his death Member of the legisl. in 1851-3. — Boston Courier, Dec. 8, 1855. Key, FR.4.SCIS Scott, lawyer and poet, b. Frederick Co., Md., Aug. 1, 1779; d. Balti- more, Jan. 11, 1843. Son of John Ross Kev, Revol. officer, who d. Frederick Co., Md., Oct. 12, 1821. Educated at St. John's Coll., and studied law at Annapofis, in the office of his uncle Philip B. Key. In 1801 he com- menced practice at Fredericktown, but in a few years removed to Washington, D.C., where he was dist. atty. The " Star-Spangled Ban- ner," our national lyric, was suggested and partially written('while the author was de- tained in the British fleet, during the bombard- ment of Ft. McHenry) near Baltimore. A posthumous coll. of his miscelliineous poems was pub. N.Y. 1857. Keyes, Erasmus Dakwin, maj.-gen. vols., b. Sturbridge, Ms., May 29, 181 1. West Point, 1832. He removed to Kennebec Co., Me., in early youth; entered the 3d Art.; was made 1st lieut. in 1836 ; assist, adj.-gen. (rank of capt.) in 1838; capt. Nov. 1841 ; and instr. of art. and cav. at the Milit. Acad, from July, 1844, to Dec. 1848. Afterward ordered to the north- west, he com. a batt. of art., and was highly disting. in the operations against the Indians of Pugct's Sound in 1856, and N. of Snake River, Washington Terr, in Sept. 1858; maj. 1st Art. 12 Oct. 1858; and col. 1 Ith Inf. 14 May, 1861. At the battle of Bull Run he com. the 1st brig, in Tyler's division ; brig -gen. of vols, dating from May 17 ; and in Feb. 1862 took com. of the 4th corps of the Army of the Potomac. He was actively engaged in the bat- tles of the Peninsular campaign : and for gal lant conduct was made maj.-gen. of vols. 5 May, and brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., to date from May 31, the day of the battle of Fair Oaks. He was afterward stationed with a division at Yorktown, Va. ; was engaged in an expcd. to West Point, Va., 7 May, 186.3, and under Gen. Dix towards Richmond, June-July, 1863; re- signed 6 May, 1864.— Cullum. Eidd, William, a noted pirate, executed at Loud. 24 May, 1701. Son of John, a Scot- tish Nonconformist minister, who suffered tor- ture by the boot, dying 14 Aug. 1679. Wm. followed the sea from his youth ; and ab. 1695 was known as one of the boldest and most suc- cessful shipmasters that sailed from N.Y. In May, 1691, the N.Y. council awarded him £150 for service to the Colony. Receiving from Wm. Ill a commiss. as capt. of " The Adven- ture," galley of 30 guns, for the suppression of piracy, he sailed from Plymouth, Eng., in Apr. 1696, but, turning pirate himself, returned in 1698 with a large booty to N.Y. The Earl of Bellomontcausedhim to bo arrested, and sent to Eng. for trial. The charge of piracy seems not to have been proved; but, on the charge of having killed one of his crew named Moore, he was convicted after a grossly unfair trial, and hanged. — See Cotton ilatlwr's Brief Relation of Patient and Joiiful Sufferi)it)s ; Hist. Sketch of liobin Hood and Capt. Kidd, by IV. \V. Camp- bell, 1853 ; "Fall Account of the Proceedings in Relation to," ^-c, Lond., 4to, 1701. Kidder, Dasxkl Parish, D. D. (McK. Coll. 1851), M -h m -li : rand author, b. Da- rien. Gene- - i , \ V ' ' t, 18, 1S15. West. U. 1836. i: _ . iir^fc conf. he was in 1837-40 111 - ,11. .- Uiu de J.ineiro, and travelled iliiuii^ii lir.i/.ii, iiuui 8an I'aulo to the mouth of the Amazuii ; st.itiuiird at Pater- son, N. J., in 1841, at Trenton, 184:3, App, in 1844 editor of the pubs, of the M. E. Church, and corresp. sec. of the S. S. Union, contin- uing 12 years; travelled in Europe in 1852- 3 ; prof, of theology in the Garrett Inst., Ev- anston. 111., 1856-71. Has pub. " Mormon- ism and the Mormons," 1842 ; " Sketches of Residence and Travel in Br.izil,"2 vols. 1845; "Brazil and the Brazilians " (with J. C. Fletcher), Svo, 1857; and edited the Suiidai/ Sc/vjol Adcocate and some 800 Sunday-school books, &c. He also translated from the Portu- guese a tract advocating the abolition of cler- ical celibacy, by Feijo, 18mo, 1844. Kidder, Frederic, historical writer, b. New Ipswich, N H., 16 Apr. 1804. Eilueated at an acad. in N. I. At 17 he entered a store in Boston ; afterwardsspent 10 years in mercantile business at the South, and, returning to Boston, established hiihself in the Southern couiiniss. business. He resides at Melrose, Ms. Mem- ber of the N. E. H. and Geneal. Soc, to whose Register he has contrib., having specially studied the hist, and language of the N.E. Indi.ins. Au- thor of "The Abenaki Indians," &,c.. 1859; " Exped. of Capt. Lovewell," 1865 ; " Eastern Me. and Nova Scotia in the Revol.," 1867; " Hist. 1st N. H. Regt. in the Revol.," 1868 ; " The Boston Massacre," &c., 1870; with Dr. liTD A. A. GouM, "Hist, of New Ipswich, N.H.," 1852. Now preparing a Hist, of Acadia. Kidney, John Steinfout, Ep. clergyman ami poet, I). Esse.\ Co., N. J., 1819, where his ancestors liad lived for 150 years. He was ed- ucated partly at Un. Coll., and studied law before entering ihe Church through the course of instruction of the Gen. Theol. Sem. He has officiated in N.C., in Salein, N. J., and Saratoga Springs, N.Y. His " Catawba River and other Poems " was pub. in 1847. — Du>jc- kinck. M.n. (U. of 7, 1869, a. ab. was editor of iiiiblic schools Kiernan, Oenv .Ta- N.Y.),).liv-i.Kin : .1 X.^ 3.3. Whrn '.\,-r,,,\ w.ir 1 tlie.U.,//.v,./V,ss,;„i,l|,, of that city. Kiitcnii;; ihc M-rvicuasa surgeon, he was witli Fremont in Mo., and at the bat- tle of Pea liidgc; and was surgeon 6th Mo., Cav. until May, 186.3, when he resigned on ac- count of wouiids received near Port Gibson, where he was captured, but soon after escaped. Brig.-gen. vols. Aug. 3, 1863. After the war, he was U. S. consul at Chin Kiang. Kilbourne, James, a pioneer of Ohio, b. Farmington, Ct., Oct. 19, 1770; d. Worthing- tori, 0., Apr. 9, 1 850. Thomas Kilborne, from whom are descended all bearing the name in this country, emig. from Eng. in 1G35, and settled in VVethersfield. James became a suc- cessful mechanic, a merchant, and finally a manuf. ; was always ready to aid in establish- ing public libraries, literary debating societies, and in public improvements; and, having been ndm. in 1800 to deacon's orders, occasionally- officiated as a clergyman. In 1802 he origi- nated and organized the " Scioto Company," and led in person a band of emigrants to Cen- tral Oliio. He named their settlement Worth- ington, and lived to see it a flourishing com- munity. He was app. col. of the frontier regt. ; was M.C. from 1813 to 1817 and in 1839-41 ; was often a member of the State legisl. ; was U.S. surv. of public lands for the N. W. Terr. ; was app. by Congress commiss. to settle the boundary-line between the public lands and the great Va. reservation ; in 1806 was one of the first trustees of Ohio Coll. at Athens ; in 1808 was app. by the legisl. one of the 3 commiss. to locate the seat of the Miami U. ; in 1812 was elected pres. of the board of trustees of Worth- ington Coll. He was the first to propose dona- tions of lands to actual settlers in the N. W. Terr., and, as chairman of a select committee, he drew up and presented a bill for that pur- pose. J.iJiiiS his son, prof in the Eel. Med. Inst, of Cincin., d. there 30 May, 1845. — .See K.llmtrne Family. Kilbourne, Joiix, author and pub., b. Ber- lin, Ct., Aug. 7, 1787 ; d. Columbus, 0., Mar. 12, 1831. Vt. U. 1810. He was ,»ome years principal of Worthington Coll., Ohio; but, re- linquishing this situation, he became a bouk- suller and pub. in Columbus. He pub a Map of Ohio; a vol. entitled "Public Documents concerning the Ohio Canals," Columbus, 8vo, 1832 ; a " School Geography ; " and a " Gazet- teer of Ohio," 1816, which_ in 1833 was amended, enlarged, and republished. Kilbourne, Patne Kexyox, writer, b. Litchfield, Ct., July 26, 1815; d. July 19, 1359. A printer by trade. He assisted in the ])ubiica- lion of a literary paper in Hartford, Ct., and subsequently purchased the Litchfkld Inquirer, which he conducted from 1845' to 1853. In 1 843 he pub. " The Skeptic and other Poems ; " in 1845 a " History of the Kilbourn Family ; " in 1851 a "Biog. History of the County of Litchfield;" and in 1859 a "History of Litch- field," which was not only written but put in type entirely by himself. In 1857 he was pri- vate sec. of Gov. Holley of Ct. He was a writer of superior abilities, both in poetry and prose, and an enthusiastic student of history. — N. E. llist. and Gen. Reg. xiii. 373. Kilby, Thomas, poet, king's commission- er at Louisburg; d. there Aug. 23, 1746. H.U. 1 723. He was Grand Master of Masons, as well as a scholar and a wit. His satire upon the Land Bank, though of a local character, is still read with pleasure. Killen, William, jurist, b. Ireland, 1722; d. Dover, Del., Oct. 3, 1805. He came at 15 to America, with a good English education; settled in the family of Samuel, father of John Dickinson, and studied Greek and Latin, soon attaining proficiency. He was some years Co. surveyor; studied law; and soon had extensive practice, especially in land-suits. For many years he was a representative in the Del. Assem- bly. He took an active part in the Revol. con- test ; was first chief justice of the Sup. Court of Del. from 1776 to 1793 ; and chancellor of the State from 1793 till 1801.— iV. Y. Sped. Oct. 22, 1805. Kilner, Thomas, actor, b. Lancashire, Eng., 1777 ; d. on his farm near Wilmington, Ind., Jan. 2, 1862. An actor of repute in the Prov. circuits of Eng. ; first app. at the Park, N. Y., in 1815 ; in 1821 became a les.see of the Fedcral-st. theatre, Boston, where (Sept. 28) he first app. as Sir Anthony Absolute. He became at once popular, being excellent in old men. " Old Tom," as he was always called, retired from the stage in 1831. — Droiai's Amer. Slarje. Kilpatriek, Judsos, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. near Di -Ucrtown, N.J., 14 Jan. 1836. West Point, 1861. ^ntering the 1st Art., he was woundedat BigBethel, Va., 10 June, 1 861 ; lieut.-col . and aide-de-camp 29 Jan. 1 8( col. 2d N.Y. Cav. 25 Sept. 1861 ; engaged in various skirmishes in Va. and in battle of Ma- nassas 29-30 Aug. 1862 ; col. 2d NY. Cav. 6 Dec. 18G2; com. cav. brigade in " Stoneman's Raid," Apr. 1863 ; com. in action of Aldie, for which brev. niaj. 17 June, 1863; brev. licut.- cul. 3 July, 1863, for Gettysburg; com. cav. division. Army of Potomac, and in frequent engagements from 4 Aug. 1863 to 15 Apr. 1864; com. 3d Cav. division. Army of the Cumberland, in invasion of Ga. ; and engaged at Ringgold and at Resaca, 13 May, 1864, when severely woundeil, and brev. col. ; in the "march to the sea," and invasions of the Carolinas; and engaged in many actions and skirmishes ; capt. 1st Art. 30 Nov. 1864 ; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for capture of Fayette- viUc, N.C., and maj.-gen. U.S.A. for campaign in the Carolinas, and maj.-gen. vols. 18 June, 1865. Envoy-extr. and minis, to Chili since 11 Nov. 1865. He is an effective political speaker. 510 Kilty, AnGuSTus II., commo. U.S.N., b. ^nnry /O^ Md. JVlidshipm. July 4, 1821 ; lieut. Sept. 6, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. (retired list) July 25, 1866*. In 1861-2 he com. the gunboat " Mound City," of the Mpi. flotilla, and was with Foote in near- ly all of his actions with the enemy; in June, l'862, he com. an exped. to White River, Ark., and captured Fort St. Charles, June 17 (in this action he lost an arm) ; com. iron-clad " Roa- noke," N. Atl. squad., 1864-5; commandant Norfolk navy -yard 1867-70. Kimball, Daniel, founder of Union Acad., Plainfield,N.H., to which lie gave about $25,000 ; d. March, 1817, a. 63. Kimball, Heber C, a leading Mormon, b. 1801; d. Salt Lake, June 22,1868. He was converted to Mormonism in 1832 at Kirtland, 0., at the same time with Brigham Young. In 1835 he was ord. one of the 12 apostles; and in 1837 was sent with Orson Hyde as a missionary to Eng. On his return in 1838, he joined the Mormons of Ray County, Mo., and shared their persecutions and expiil- sions from that Stateand III. Arriving at Salt Lake in the autumn of 1846, he was made the head priest of the order of Molchiscdec. He, with Young and Daniel C. Wells, formed the to preside over and govern the vhole church. Young was accustomed to speak of Kimball as the model saint. Ho was uneducated, coarse, and disgusting as a speak- er; full of low cunning, and unrelenting in his vengeance. Kimball, Increase, inventor of the first machine lor making cut-nails ; d. Hanover, N.H., Sept. 16, 1856, a. SO. His invention, patented in 1806, was of no use to him, as he would not sell his right. He subsequently seemed deranged. Kimball, Joseph Horace; d. Pembroke, N.H., Apr. 11, 1838. He edited at Concord the Herald of Freedom ; visited the W. Indies with J. A. Tliornc; and pub. " Emancipation in the West Indies," "A Six Months' Tour," &c. Kimball, Richard Bdrleigh, author, b. Plainliekl, N.H., Oct. 11, 1816. Dartm. Coll. 1834. After one year's study of law he travelled in Great Britain and Germany, and resided some time in Paris, where he attended the lectures of the most eminent profs, both of medic W; ill N.Y. Ciiv. His »m; :, 1: „ronees of an 01.1 JIan" in A , , - U.i./aziiie; " St. Leger, or the Ihnans ot Liie, " 1849 ; "Letters from England;" "Letters from Cuba," 1850; " Cuba and the Cubans,"1850; " Romance of Student-Life Abroad," 1853 ; " Was he successful ? " " In the Tropics ; " " Undercurrents ; " " Revelations of Wall St. ; " "Henry Powers, Banker," 1868; and " To- Day," 1 870. Contrib. to Putnam's Moiithhj, Kn'icl-i'rhod-er, and other periodicals. Co-editor wiih Dr. Francis, Dr. Griswold, George P. Morris, and F. W. Shelton,of the "Knicker- bocker Gallery." King, AiLSTiN A., statesman, b. Sullivan Co., Tcnn., Sept. 20, 1801 ; d. St. Louis, Mo., Apr. 22, 1870. He began to practise law in 1822; removed to Mo. in 1830; member of the legisl. in 1834 and 1836 ; circuit judge of Ray Co. 1837-48; gov. of Mo. 1849-53; again judge of Ray Co. Circuit in 1862, and elected to the 38th Congress. In the Charles- ton Demoe. convention of 1860 he was a prominent Douglas man. He denounced the war for the Union as unnecessary. King, Charles, LL.D. (H.U. 1850), jour- nalist and scholar, b. N.Y., Mar 16, 1789 ; d. Frascate, near Rome, Italy, Sept. 27, 1867. Son of Rufus King, who, while minister at Lond., sent him to Harrow School, and in 1805 to a preparatory school at Paris. On his fa- ther's return to the U.S., he was, by advice of Sir Francis Baring, placed in the banking- house of Hope & Co., Amsterdam. At the close of 1806 he returned to his native country. In 1810 he married Eliza, dan. of Archibald Graeio.a leading merchantof N.Y.,wiiliwhom he was associated in Imsincss. Tliou;;li a Fcil- eralist, he deemed it ) i-lit ici pi ci^rcutL- the war of 1812 to an iionoraLlr ami Ma v, >-liil result, and was n member ul ilir X.V. N -i,l. in 1S13, and a vol. in the autumn of 1S14. In 1823 the firm of which he was a member failed; and Mr. King became connected with Ver- planck in the publication of the N.Y. Ameri- can, a political and literary sheet of high char- acter, until 1827 ; when Verplanck retired, and Mr. King continued sole editor until 1847. He was afterward assoc. in the londuct of the N.Y. Courier and Inquirer from 1845 until 1849, when he was chosen pres. of Col. Coll., which post he resigned in 1864. The in- dependence of his character was strikingly evinced by his earliest public act. Being sent to Eng.' by the govt, after the war of 1812, to investigate the treatment of our prisoners at Dartmoor, he did not hesitate to exonerate the British authorities from all censure in the mat- ter in the face of the most intense indignation on the part of the American people, and of what many persons believed the clear and un- questionable facts of the case. Author of " Memoir of the Construction, &c., of the Ciot.m Aqueduct," 4to 1843; " History of the N. Y. Chamber of Commerce," 8vo ; "New York Fifty Years Ago ; " an .NMiv., ',, f,,n the Mechanics' Society, anil otliei ',• ill s. King, Charles B,]...:; port, R.L, 1786; d. Waslinu; ,,, l> i , Mar. 18, 1862. For4U years his studio at tli" C api- tol was filled with thelikenesscsof the eminent men of the day. He donated a school-fund to his native town for musical instruction, and gave to the Redwood Library several thousand dollars, and many paintings. — Tuclcerman. King, CvRUS, M.C. 1813-17; b. .Scarbo- rough, Me., Sept. 16, 1772 ; d. April 25, 1817. Col. Coll. 1794. Ilalf-bro. of Rufus, and his private sec. in 1796 ; practised law 20 years in Saeo ; maj.-gcn. of militia. King, Dan, M.D., physician and author, b. Mansfield, Ct.,27 Jan. 1791 ; d. Smithfield, R.L, 13 Nov. 1864. He began practice in Preston in 1815 ; continued it in Charlestown, R.L, in 1820-38; in Woonsocket 1838-48; in Taunton, Ms., 1848-58; and finally in Smithfield. Member of the R. I. legisl. 1828- 34, and the advocate of a new constitution and 511 extendeil suffrage. He was a friend to the rem- nant of the tribe of the Narragansett Indians, and caused a school for them to be supported by the State. Author of " Life and Times of Thos. \V. Dorr," " Quackery Unmasked," and many able articles in the Medical Journal and other periodicals. King, Daniel Putnam, a scientific farmer and poliiirian, b. Danvers, Ms., June 8, 1801 ; d. there July 2.1, 1850. II.U. 182.3. He studied law, but soon abandoned it for the practice of agriculture. In 1836-7 he was a State represen- tative, in 1838-9 a senator, and in 1840-1 prcs. of the senate. In 1 843 he was again a member of the house, of which he was elected speaker ; and was M.C. in 1843-9. He pub. an address comnicm. the 60th anniv. of the battle of Lex- ington, delivered in Danvers in 1835. King, James Gore, banker and merchant of N.Y., b. N.Y. City, May 8. 1791 ; d. High- wood, N. J., Oct. 3, 1833. H. U. 1810. His father, Rufus King, minister to Eng., had him educated in the best schools there. He returned to the U.S. in 1805, and, after graduating, stud- ied law at Litchfield. Marrying the dan. of Alexander Gracie in Feb. 18.12, he established himself as a merchant at Liverpool, with his bro.-in-law, under the firm of King and Gracie. In 1824 he became a partner in the banking- house of Prince, Ward, and King ; on the disso- lution of which he formed a new one of a similar character, under the name of James G. King and Sons. He served as adj. -gen. in the war of 1812-15; wasaleading member of the N.Y. Chamber of Commerce, and, at the time of his death, its pres. M.C. 1849-51. King, John Alsop, statesman, b. N. Y. City, Jan. 3, 1788 ; d. Jamaica, L. I., July 7, 1868. He was the eldest son of Rufus King, and in his boyhood aceomp. his father to Eng., and, with his bro. Charles, was educated at Harrow School and at Paris. Ho served through the war of 1812 as lieut. of a troop of horse; represented Queen's Co. in the As- sembly in 1819-21, '32, '38, and '40; was sec. of legation to Great Britain under his father in 1825 ; was a leading member of the 31st Congress, and a strenuous opponent of its Fu- gitive-slave Bill ; was a delegate to the Kepuh. conv. at Phila. in 1856 ; and was gov. of N.Y. in 1857-9. A farmer by occupation, he took a deep interest in the Queen's Co. Agric. Soc., and was pres. of the N. Y. Agric. Soc. King, John Crookshanks, sculptor, b. Kilwinning, Scotland, Oct. 11, 1806. He was educated as a practical machinist, and, emigrat- ing to the U.S. in 1829, was employed several years in Cincinnati and Louisville as supt. of a factory. In 1834, at the suggestion of Hiram Powers, he made a successful clay mod- el of the head of his wife, and adopted the pro- fession of a sculptor. From 1837 to 1840 he resided in N. Orleans, modelled a number of busts of public men, and made cameo likenesses. He now resides in Boston. He has executed busts of Webster, of John Quincy Adams, Dr. Saml. Woodward, Prof. Agassiz, R. W. Emer- son, and other prominent men. King, John H., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. 7//;-Mich.. App. 2d lieut. 1st Inf 2 Dec. 1837; 1st lieut. 2 Mar. 1839; capt. 31 Oct. 1846; maj. 15th, 14 Mav, 1861 ; lieuf.-col. 14th, 1 June, 1863; col. 9th Inf 30 July, 1865; brig.-gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; brev.-col. 20 Sept. 1863 ; brig -gen. U.S.A., for Ruffs Station, 13 Mar. 1865; and maj.-gen. same date. King, Jonas, D.D. {N.J. Coll. 1832), Cong, clergyman, and missionary to Greece, b. Hawley, Ms., "July 29, 1792; d. Athens, Greece, May 22, 1869. Wms. Coll. 1816; And. Sejn. 1819. He was a missionary in S. C. some months, and in Palestine in 1823-6; readied Boston in the fall of 1827, and was employed in the Northern and Middle States. He entered upon the Greek mission in July, 1828; and m. a Greek lady, July 22, 1829. A " Farewell Let- ter" to his friends on leaving Syria, stating his reasons for not becoming' n Iv.man Catholic, became, with other pniilirin.in, ,,i i. , m 1852, the basis of a prosecniiin .1 i: i i; and he was condemned to l.'i I. i, .ii-iitina loathsome prison, and to cvj-uLaju \unu Ureece. Owing to the vigorous protests of our govt, he was confined but one day, and was not ban- ished. Before 1867, he 'had translated and printed in modern Greek 5 vols, of the Tract Society's publications. He also pub 4 vols, of his own works in that language. King, Mitchell, LL.D. (Char. Coll. and U. of E. Tenn.), judge, b. Scotland, June 8, 1783. HcwenttoLond.in 1804, and to Charles- ton, S.C, where he opened a school, in 1806, and soon received a professorship in the coll. of that city. He began to study law in 1807 ; was one of "the founders of the Philos. Society in 1809, before which he delivered lectures on astrono- my; and in 1810 was adm. to the bar. He soon disting. himself; prospered in his practice ; and became in 1819 judge of the City Court of Charleston. In 1830-2 he was an active mem- ber of the Union party, and opposed the doc- trine of State nullification. From 1842 to 1844 he was again judge of the City Court ; and at different periods he served as delegate in the State convention, and as pres. of the trustees of the Med. Coll., and of other societies for the promotion of art, literature, science, and public enterprises. He originated the Charleston Lit- erary Club, and has written numerous essays and addresses for various societies and literary institutions. — Appleton. King, Pkeston, statesman, b. Ogdensburg, N. Y., Oct. 14, 1806; d. N. Y. Citv, Nov. 13, 1865. Un. Coll. 1827. He studied and prac tised law in St. Lawrence Co., N.Y. ; started the St. Lawrence Republican in 1830 ; and was one of the warmest supporters of Gen. Jackson. He was a Dcmoc. until 1853, when he joined the Repub. partv. Postmaster at Ogdensburg ; member of the N.Y. Assembly in 1834-7 ; M.C. 1843-7 and 1849-53; U.S. senator 1857-63; afterward resuming the practice.of law in N.Y. Delegate to the Repub. convention at Balti- more in 1864, he was a firm supporter of An- drew Johnson, by whom he was in Aug. 1865 app. collector of "the port of N.Y. During a fit of aberration of mind he jumped from a fer- ry-boat, and was drowned. King, Rdfds, LL.D. (H.U. 1806), orator, statesman, and diplomatist, b. Scarborough, Me., Mar. 24, 1755 ; d. Jamaica, L L, Apr. 29, 1827. H. U. 1777. Son of an opulent mer- Tcnsr 512 chant. He entered the law-office of Thoophilus Parsons at Newburyport. In 1778 he was aide-de-camp to Gen. Glover in the expedition against R.I. He commenced practice in 1780; in 1782 was elected to the legisl.; member of the Old Congress 1784-6. He in March, 178.'j, moved a resolution, " That there be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in any of the States described in the resolution of Congress of April, 1784, otherwise than in punishment of crime ; and that this regulation shall be made an article of compact, and remain a fun- damental principle of the Constitution." This resolution was, by the votes of 7 States ajiainst 4, referred to a com. of the whole, and was al- most word for word embodied by Nathan Dane in his famous ordinance of 1787. Mr. King advocated the Constitution, both in the Gen. and State conventions. In 1788 he removed to N.Y., having in 1786 m. the dau. of John Al- sop, an opulent merchant of that city. In 1789 he was elected to the N.Y. legisl., by which body Gen. Schuyler and himself were chosen the first senators from the State under the Constitution of the U. S. In 1794, under the signature of "Camillus," he defended the British Treaty. Tlie must celebrated speech made by him in the U.S. senate was in this year, on the ri^'ht of Albert Gallatin to a seat in senate, which he successfully opposed. In 1796-1804 Mr. King was minister to London, having previously de- clined the offer of the dept. of state. In "l813 he was a third time sent to the senate by the N. Y. Icuisl. His speech on the burning of Wasliin^jton by the British was one of his most eloquent displays, and teemed with senti- ments which had echoes from all parties. In 1819 he was re-elected to the senate. He took the lead in opposing the admission of Mo. as a slave State ; and several of the laws which he proposed and carried were of great conse- quence. In 1825 he accepted from Pres. Ad- ams the app. of minister to London, but re- turned in ill health in 1826. King, RuFUS, diplomatist and journalist, b. N.Y. City, Jan. 26, 1814. West Point, 1833. Son of Pres. Charles King, and grandson of Rufus. He entered the engineer corps, and as- sisted in the construction of Fortress Monroe. Resigning in Sept. 1 836, he became assist, engr. of the N. Y. and Erie Railroad ; was a while connected with the Albany Evening Journal; then edited the Daily Advertiser • and was app. by Gov. Seward adj.-gen. of N.Y. Removing to Wis., he edited the Milwaukie Sentinel until 1861; when Mr. Lincoln app. him minister to Rome. Obtaining permission to delay his de- parture during the civil war, he was made brig - gen. of vols. May 17, 1861, and soon after re- signed his diplomatic app. Promoted to com- mand a division in McDowell's army at Fred- ericksburg, he com. in the combat of Groveton 28 Aug. ; was engaged in the battle of Manas- sas; in Oct. 1862 was placed under Gen. Dix's command ; com. at Yorktown, Va., in Mar.- July, 1863; and com. division at Fairfax C. H., Julv-Oct. 20, 1863, when he resigned ; and w.is minister to Rome to 1 July, 1867.— Cnlhm. King, SnsAN (Petigru), authoress, b. Charleston, S. C. Dau. of J. L. Petigru, an awyer of S. C. She was highly edu- cated, and m. Henry C, son of Judge Mitchell King. After his death, she m. Congressman Bowen, subsequently convicted of bigamy. Author of several stories of fashionable life, as " The Busv Moments of an Idle Woman," "Lily," and "Sylvia's World." She is dis- ting. for conversational talent, and has contrib. to periodicals. King, Thomas Butler, politician, b. Hampden Co., Ms., Aug. 27, 1804 ; d. AVaynesborough, Ga., May 10, 1864. Educated at Westfield Acad., Ms., and studied for the bar, but removed to Ga. in 1823 ; m., and be- came a cotton-planter. State senator in 1832- 4, '35, and '37; M.C. 1839-43 and 1845-9. Col- lector of San Francisco in 1849-51, he resided some years in California. Returning to Ga., he was State senator in 1859 ; member of the Milledgeville convention of 18-33; of the Ma- con Railroad convention of 1836 ; of the young men's convention of Baltimore in 1840; and was pres. of several Ga. railroad and canal companies. Identified with the State-rights party; a secessionist in 1861, and was 2 years commissioner of Ga. in Europe. King, Thomas Starr, divine and author, b. New York, Dec. 16, 1824; d. San Francis- co, March 4, 1864. Son of Rev. Thomas F. King. His boyhood was passed in Portsmouth, N.H., and Charlestown, Ms. Young King was prepared for coll. ; but the decease of his father prevented his entrance, and he con- tinued his education in the intervals from his duties as a school-teacher and a clerkship in the navy-yard. In Sept. 1846 he was ord. pastor o'f his father's parish in Charlestown ; and in Dec. 1848 was installed over the Hollis- st. Church, which station he occupied until 1860. In Apr. of that year, he sailed for San Francisco to take charge of the Unitarian Cong, in that city, where the brief remainderof his use- ful life was spent. He had an extended reput.i- tion as a lecturer, having been regularly era- ployed in that capacity in IS4.5-1860. Author of "The White Hills, their Legends, Land- scapes, and Poetry," 4to, illustrated, 1859. In 1850 he received the hon. degree of MA. from H.U. As a public speaker, he happily combined elegance with energy, and was ex- ceedingly popular. He was a man of rare genius, originality, and eloquence. His exer- tions in behalf of the Union, and his decided ail^I li:,<-.MM...Ii;-;,l, - I :;j:;i,,-r the Rcbcl- ]i..,i I : : :i ■ .. '■:'.' ' ,.ii '.. 'i' i ,.|iinion in Ci 11 ■ -t-.thef/ji/- cntiilcii ■■ rntihiii^m and Other Papers," was puS. 1^1,,-, ; :,]-.. ■■ A Tribute to Thomas Starr Kin_'," I'v lii> tiicnd Richard Frothingham. King, William, col. U.S.A., h. Md. ; d. near Mobile, Jan. 1, 1826. App. lieut. of inf May 3, 1808; capt. 15th Inf July 2, 1812; assist, to Insp.-Gen. Smith, July' 10, 1812; com. exped. from Black Rock to Canada shore (spiking the enemy's batteries, and cap- turing prisoners) Nov. 28, 1812, in which h« was wounded and taken ; maj. March 3, 1813 ; com. his regt. in capture of York, U.C., Apr. 27, 1813; assist, adj.-gen. Apr. 28, 1813; disting. and wounded in capture of Fort 513 KnsT George, May 27, 1813; com. U.S. troops in concert with N.Y. militia, umier Gen. Porter, in repulsing attack on Black Rock, July 11, 1813; adj.-cen. (rank of col.) July 18, 1313 ; col. 3d Rifles, Feb. 21, 1814 ; col. 4th Inf. May, 1815; military and civil gov. of Pensacola, May, 1818; disbanded June, 1821.— Gardner. King, William, statesman, bro. of Ru- fus, b. Scarborough, Me., Feb. 9, 1768; d. Bath, Me., June 17, 1852. In niitive mental en- dowments lie is thought to have been superior to his celebrated bro., and nothing but the want of education prevented his attaining the high- est honors. Alter residing a while in Topsham, ab. 1800 he removed to Bath. Member of the Ms. legisl. tor some years, he tookjv promi nent part in drafting a Freedom Act, and was also the originator and ng the Religious principal 'supporter of the Betterment Act. He exerted Ins powerful influence to effect the separation of Me. and Ms., which occurred in 1819; was pres. of the convention which framed the constitution of Me., and its first gov. 1820-1 ; U.S. commissioner for the ad- justment of Spanish claims 1821-4. He was gen. of militia, and collector of customs at Bath 1831-4. He was an eminent and success- ful merchant, and a generous and intelligent patron of institutions of learning. £ing, William Rcfus, 13th vice-pres. of the U.S., b. Sampson Co., N.C., April 7, 1786; d. Cahawba, Ala., April 18, 1853. U. of N.C. 1803. He studied law, and was adm. to practice in 1806. In 1806-7 and 1809, he was a member of the State legisl. ; M.C. 1810-16; sec. of legation to Russia 1816-18; and, after his return, removed to Ala., and be- came a cotton-planter. One of the convention that formed the constitution of Ala. when it was adm. into the Union; U.S. senator 1819- 45 and 1847-52; and in 1845-6 minister to France. In this post he succeeded in prevent- ing the joint protest of France and Eng. against the annexation of Texas to the U.S. He became vice-pres. in 1 852. Mr. King was a member of Congress nearly forty years ; ofliciating as pres. pro tem of the senate in the 24th, 25th, 26th, 31st, and 32d Congresses. He uniformly acted with the Democ. party, and supported Jackson for the presidency in 1824, 1828, and 1832. Eingsborough, Right Hon. Edwakd King, vi.scount (1795-1837). Eldest son of the 3d earl of Kingston. Educated at Oxford ; represented his native county (Cork) in the parliament of 1820-6; and subsequently de- voted himself to his great work, " The An- tiquities of Mexico," comprising facsimiles of ancient Mexican paintings and hieroglyphics, Lond. imp. fol. vols. 1-7, 1831 ; vols. 8 and 9, 1848. The first 7 vols, of this magnificent work cost Lord K. £32,000. Thrown into prison for a debt which he considered unjust, he was there seized with typhus-fever, which soon ended fatally. He maintains in this work the theory of the colonization of Mexico by the Israelites. — AUibone. ' Kingsbury, Charles P., brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. West Point, 1840. 2d lieut. ordnance 1840; 1st lieut. 3 Mar. 1847; capt. 1 July, 1854 ; maj. 3 Mar. 1863; lieut.-col. 22 Dcc.1866; ret.July 1870 ; aide to Gen. Taylor at Buena Vista, and brev. 23 Feb. 1847 ; col. and A.D.C. 28 Sept. 1861 ; served through the seven-days' battles before Richmond, and brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. Author of " Treatise on Artillery and Infantry," 1849. Contrib. to Amer. Whig Renew, South. Quart. Rev., Putnam's Monthly, and South. Lit. Mf.fsenger. — Cultwn. Kingsbury, Jacob, col. U.S.A., b. Nor- wich, Ct., 1755; d. Franklin, Mo., July 1, 1837. He was in the U.S. service 42 years, having risen from the ranks (which he joined at Roxbury in 1775) to be an officer in the Revol. army. He served in Wayne's Indian campaign. App. lieut. of inf Sept. 29, 1789 ; capt. Dec. 1791 ; maj. 2d Inf. May 15, 1797 ; lieut.-col. 1st Inf Apr. 11, 1803; col. 1st Inf. Aug. 18, 1808; insp.-gen. (rank of col.) Apr. 28, 1813 ; disb. June, 1815. His son Col. Thomas H. C, b. N. Orleans, Dec. 23, 1807, col. Uih Ct. Vols., killed at Antietam 17 Sept. 1862. Kingsley, Calvin, D.D., bishop M.E. Church, b. Annesville, N.Y., Sept. 8, 1812; d. Bcii-ut, Syria, 1870. AUeg. Coll. 1841. He entered the ministry of the M. E. Church, and was in 1842-4 prof, of math, in Alleg. Coll.; app. in 1842 to Meadville Station. In 1844 he was stationed in Erie, Pa. ; and, at the close of his term as pastor, returned to Alleg. Coll., and remained for a number of years a member of its faculty. In 1856 ho was elected by the gen. conf. editor of the Westeni Chris- tian Advocate. Author of a work on " The Resurrection of the Human Body." D.D. of Genesee Coll. 1853; elected bishop in 1864. Kingsley, James Luce, LL.D. (Mid. Coll. 1831), scholar, b. Windham, Ct., Aug. 28,1778; d. New Haven, Aug. 31, 18.52. Y.C. 1799. Tutor 1801-5; librarian 1805-24; prof, of the Hebrew, Greek, and Liitin lan- guages, and of eccl. hist. 180.5-51. Prof. Kingsley was both an accomplished scholar and a thorough instructor; a critic of the first order ; and contrib. to the iV.^nirr. Review, the Christian Spectator, the New-Enqlander, the Amer. Journal of Sciences, the Biblical Reposi- tory, and other periodicals. Some of the most valuable articles which he published were illus- trative of historical subjects, among which was an interesting disconrse, and " Notes on the Hist, of New Haven," delivered Apr. 25, 1838. He pub. in the Amer. Quar. Reg. a compen- dious Hist, of Yale Coll. 1835, and also the " Life of Pres. Stiles," for Sparks's " Amer. Biography," 2d ser., vol. 6. He also revised and pub. some of the standard Latin classics, to which he appended notes. — See Commem- orative Discourse, by Thomas A. T/iacher, Oct. 1852. Robert, a British gen., d. Ensign 11th Foot, Sept. 1756; capt. Apr. 1761 ; maj. Julv, 1768; lieut.-col. Aug. 29, 1777 ; col. Nov. 1782; maj. -gen. 1793. He acomp. Burgoyne's exped. as his adj.-gen. and military sec, in which capacity he arranged the details of the surrender at Saratoga. Return- ing to Eng. in 1778, he was examined before a committee of the house of commons relative to this expedition. 514 Kmne, A\mN mimsecr of Groton, Ct , b I isl n ilt Arhnlis , uil L S ^ nl it lu ,n Mil h is contiih tJ Ihe K, I I I , (. ali,m-< ind otlRriiii„'-i7inei iii 1 in I^jj | ub Ithcita' a mi til il rumince — 1/ I jn Kmnison, 1>\vid the list of the party who dcbtrojed the tei in Bo t m hiihoi, h Old Kin^bton n ii Port«nionth Me No\ 17 1736, d Chiivo leb 24 lSj2 i llD Up to the Uevol he was a farmer it Iibinon, whence, with a few comi ides mcmbcis of a political club, he went to Bost m with the expicss purpose of dcstioMn_ iht t i lie the Indiiii \ peicc WIS I 1 1 faimcr at 1> 11 \ wheie lie i 1 ii t was in I n.^ in 1837, but having been app sec of thi Foieij;n Ev iiveUe il Society, he retuincd in 1839 June 1, 1842, he accepted a call to become the pastor of a new Cong, church in Boston. The edifice known as the Mount- Vernon Church was completed early in 1844; and there Dr. Kirk still continues to preach. In 1846 he visited Europe again; and in 1856 he vvcrit KIR lilR abroad a thirj time, at tbe request of the American and Foreign Chrisiiaii Union, to inaugurate a regular system of roligimis wor- ship for American Protestants in Fiance. He secured there the erection of the American chapel, and, after a hasty visit to Palestine, returned home. Dr. Kirk has pub. 2 or 3 vols. of sermons, "Lectures on Christ's Parables," translation of Gausscn on Inspiration, and of Attic's Lectures on the Lit. of the Times of Louis XIV. He has pub. more than 30occas. sermons and addresses. — See Amer. Pulpit, N. Y. 18.iG, ii. 48 ; Snppt. Calal. Dost. Pub. Lib. Kirk, Edward N., brig.-gen. U. S. vols., b. Ohio; d. Jan. 1863, of wounds received at Stone Hivcr. He went to Stirlini, Whiteside Co., III., where, in tlie fall of 1861, he raised the 34th III. Vols., which he com. At Shiloh, and at the siege of Corinth, he acted as lirig.- gen., and at the battle of Stone Kivcr com. a brigade in Johnson's division of MoCook's corps. Kirk, Jony Foster, hist, writer, b. (of English parent^ at Froderirkton, N.B., ab. ISiO; wa, iliualed in Nova Scotia; came to the U.S. in 184 J ; an.I, .liinn- ilie last 1 1 years Of \Vm. II. I'rLseott'> hf', acted as his secretary. Besides hist, articles cnntrih. to reviews, he has pub. "A History of Charles the Bold, Duke of IJurgunilv," 3 vols. 8vo, 186.3-7. Kirkland, Caroline Matilda (Stans- bury), anihoi'ess, b. N. Y. f'ii>, T. n l^oi ; d. there Apr. 6, 1864. Alu i ' i i : in r fathcr, who was a booksill i i in. i r, the family removeil to Gen'\:i N "i ,\\h i.^he m. Prof. Wm. Kirkland of Uam. l^oll., who subsequently established a sem. in Goshen on Seneca Lake. He was the author of a series of " Letters from Abroad," written after a res- II.U. 1789. Son of the missionary Samuel Kirkland. Ord. pastor of the cbnreii in Sum- mer St., Boston, Feb. 5, 1794 ; and from Nov. 14, 1810, to 1828, was pres. of H.U. His lit- erary productions were widely disseminated through the periodical press. His " Biography of Fisher Ames " ranks as an Amer. classic. He pub. a Eulogy on Washington, Dec. 29, 1 799, several occasional sermons, and biograph- ical notices of Dr. Belknap, Gen. Lincoln, and Prof. W. D. Peck. Averse to literary effort, he left nothing which can give an adequate im- pression of his extraordinary abilities. — See Life by Palfrey, and Obit. Discourses bi/ F. Park- man and A. i'onny. Kirkland, Samuel, missionary to the In- dians, I). Norwich, Ct., Dec. 1, 1744 ; d. Clin- ton, Oneida Co., N.Y., Feb. 28, 1808; N.J. Coll. 176.5. Son of Rev. Daniel Kirkland of Norwich, and was educated at the school of Uev. E. Wheelock, where he learned the Mohawk language; and lie also acquired that of the Sen- ecas bv a sojourn among them from Nov. 1764 to' May, 1766. Ord. at Lebanon, June 19, 1766. He removed to Ct. ab. 1772, and after- wards lived a while at Stockbridge. Alter the battle of Lexington, the Prov. Congress of Ms. requested him to use his influence to se- cure either the friendship or neutrality of the Six Nations. He succeeded in attaehlng to the patriot cause the Oneidas, with whom he con- tinned his religions labors throughout the war, when the other trilics, through tiic influence of Brant and tlie Johnsons, had taken the oppo- site side. He ofiieiated as chaplain to the fine of Ha Acad., inflneii ^pe.l 779. He der thev retnoved in 184.3 to N.Y. She pub. "A New Home, Who'll follow ! " bv Marv Clavers, 1839; " Forest-Lile," IS4J; and in "1846 pub. "Western II. aim-." Upon Settling in N.Y. shoundein 1. iM I-; ition of a number of young l.ni. , .11' I i : 1-47 resumed her pen, and cdii'd tlie / , M,i;. 18 months. She visiteil Europe in 184S; a.ul on her return pub. " Holiilays Abroad," 1849 ; " The Evening Book, or Fireside Talk on Morals and Manners, with Sketches of Western Life," 1852; "A Book for the Honi.-( in , , ' i , , ; ; •• Personal Memoirs of Geomi W i ■ is.57; and contrib. theletter-i'i - i i .'.-okofHome Beauty." Shelm- ' ■ \ i l-ayontho Life and Writings n - i -I lo ilie first book of the '■ 1 ' J : n I !■ nl " Patriotic Eloq'i ■! ■ ' . n,. ' .1 for schools. Her i,i'i-t work w i ^ a r!i .• selection of poetic extracts, — "The Seliool- Girl's Garland," in two series. She was a very successful teacher, and a charming conversa- tionalist. Kirkland, Johs THORNTo>f, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1802), LLD. (B.U. 1810), b. Little Falls, N.Y., Aug. 17, 1770; d. Boston, Apr. 26, 1840. Spi J., Feb. 17, 1756; d. N. Brunswick, N. J., Jan. 7, 1831. N. .L Coll. 1775. David his father, a Scotch Presbyterian, came to N. J. in 1 736. Andrew began the study of theology, but soon turned to the law, which he studied in the office of Judge Patterson. Adm. to the bar in 1785, he practised with distinction at Morristown, and afterward atN. Brunswick ; was a member of the Assembly in 1797; was made a judge of the Supreme Court, Jan. 17, 1797; and was chief justice in 180.3-24. His decisions are in Pennington's, Southard's, and the first 3 vols, of Halsted's Reports. lie m. ill 1792 Jane, dan. of Col. John liavard. — Mrm. hii ./. <;. WiUon. Kirkwood, Robert, maj. Rcvol. army, h, near Xeivark, Del. ; killed Nov. 4, 1791, at tlie battle of Miami. Receiving a classical ed- ucation at the Newark Acad., he subsequently engaged in farming, but in Jan. 1776 entered Hazlet's regt. as a lieut. ; participated in the disaster of Long Island, and in the victories of Trenton and Princeton. Early in 1777 he was made a capt., and was concerned in all the im- portant battles of the three following cam- 516 paigns. In 1780 this regt. accomp. Gates to the South, and at Camden it suffered severely. The remnantofit, underlvirkwoodandJaeqtiet, was attached as light inf. to Lee's legion ; and at the Cowpens, Guilford, Eutaw, and other places, Kirkwood exhibited his usual gallantry, and at the close of the war was brev. a maj. He afterwards emig. to Ohio, and settled near- ly opposite Wheeling. Kissam, Richard S., a disting. surgeon, b. N.Y. City, 1763; d. there Oct. 1822.^ Son of Benjamin, an eminent lawyer. Received a tram mar-school education at Hempstead, L.I. tudied medicine uniler I). McKnight, and grad. at the U. of Edinburgh, where he re- mained 5 years. On receiving his doctorate in 1780 he piih nn innng. lli^«ertatioIl " IM Rheuma- U\ N v.; Ml 17'M coniinriirr,! pr.i-tice, and for .•)o yiMi-i w:is at. ilie ImmiI uf liis j)rofession. As A liiliotuniift he was parlieuiaily celebrated, only 3 out of 65 of his operations proving fatal. He declined the chair of botany of Col. Coll. in 1792. For 30 years he was a surgeon of the N.Y. Hospital. — Tharhn: Kittredge, TiioM vs. M D. (H.U. i8ii), an eminent surgeon, b. An-iover, .Julv, 1746; d. there Oct. 1818. Hi^ father and bros. were disting. surgeons. Alter receiving instruc- tion from Master iVIoody at Byfield Acad., he studieil med. with Dr. Sawyer of Newburyport; began to practise in Andover in 1768; and, be- ing in 1775 app. surgeon to the regt. of Col. James Frye, was present at the battle of Bun- ker's Hill. Dr. K. had an extensive practice; was an early member of the Ms. Med. Soc. ; and was in the legisl several years and in the councd in 1810-11 — Iharlm Knapp, CoL S\MntL Lorenzo LL D authoi b Newhur\pjii M Jin 19 1783 d Hopkmton Ms In Diitm Coll 1804 Hewisah i Was a member of the ^t i i re^t of Stitcmilitii lui III t 1 I imecd Iter of til / the Bos ton 1/f /' I to IS">8 thcA^^ ' 1 h le umcd tlR I 1 II 1 I ,ri)ihical M \ in cleg mt ! II I t 1 inyers ■m I I I I imod \ni TheBichtlors in 1 other Tiks Advice in the Pui uits of Littriture Lues of Anon Buir AndiLW Jitkson Lord Timothy Dexter DanidWebstei andThomi I lU fi iv els of All Bej in Boston an 1 \ i min 1 si 'i The Genius of Fiee Misoni\ or i 1) f n t, of the Older 1 mil 1 i i i h^ IS40 Sketch I I I I 1 I ISO undei the pseu 111 1 iliinson and \iii 1 He ed itedHmt n Is | | 1 | 1 n of Use fulKnowkU H( wi il j the author of a vaiiety of occasional public addresses Kneeland, Abner preacher and author b 17/4 d bilubm Ind 27 Aug 1844 Whilea mmistei in Vt heedited Mis John sons CaptiMty 1814 afterwaid pub 1 translation of the New Test, from the Greek, 1823 ; "The Deist," 2 vols. 12mo, 1822 ; " Lec- tures on the Doctrine of Universal Salvation," 12mo, 1824; "Review of the Evidences of Christianity," a series of lectures del. in N.Y. in Aug. 1829. Editor in 1828 of the Olive Branch and Christ. Inquirer, N. Y., vol. i. ; and of the Phila. Universalist's Mag. and Christ, Messenger, 2 vols. 1821-3; established the Investigator aa an organ of free inquiry, at Boston, in 1832. He also pub. a speech in his own defence be- fore the Sup. Court at Boston, for the alleged crime of blasphemy, 8 Mar. 1836. Eneeland, Samdel, printer and booksell- er of Boston, b. there 1696 ; d. 14 Dec. 1769. Apprenticed to B. Green. He pub. the Ga- zptte 1727-41, the iV. £. Wetkly Journal from Oct. 1741 to 1752, Boston Gazette 1753-4. He was a long time printer to the gov. and council; printed the laws and journals of the house some years ; and pub. many religious books and polit. pamphlets. Eneeland, Samdel, M.D., naturalist, b. Boston, 1 Aug. 1821. H.U. 1840; Harv. Med. School 1843. Afterward studied mcd. 2 years in Paris, and practised in Boston in 1845-.50, gaining in the mean time two Boyls- ton prizes; serving as demonstrator of anato- my in H. U. for 2 years ; contributing to the Amer. Jour, of Med. Sci. and Boston Med. and Surg. .lour. ; translating Audry's " Diseases of the Heart;" and serving 2 years in the Bos- ton Dispensary ; five years sec. of the Boston Nat. Hist. Soc ; 2 years sec. Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences ; passed some time in Bra- zil, and in Lake Sup. copper-region ; surgeon in the Burnside expcd. in 1862; surgeon U.S. Vols. Sept. 18G3-fi. serving in New Orleans and Mobile; and, mikc Aiu ISGO. sec. Ms. Inst, of Teehnoldjy, ami a!,., ,,i„f. of zoology and physiol. in tliai institution; ami has recent- ly explored Cal., Upper Miii., and Colorado, publishing the results in Good Health, Bo^t. 1870-1. Dr. K. contributed more than 800 articles on zoology, pliysiol., &c., to the New Amer. Cyclop. ; and has also contrib. to the Proceedings of the Bost. Soc. of Nat. Hist., and other similar pubs.,; editing, with introd., Smith's " Hist, of the Human Species," IS.il. Edited for 3 years the Annual of Scientific [)i^- coverji (1866-9), and " Charts of the Animal Kingdom," pub. by S. R. Urbino. Bost n ; and contrib. to the " Science and Mechanism, or Illust. Cat. of the N. Y. Exhib.," 1854. Knight, Henry Cogswell, poet. b. New- buryport ab. 1788; d. 1835. Brown U. 1812. He beeanie jiastur of an Epis. church, and pub. 2 VMliiMh - ni ^-iMiuiis. His poems, which iiavelir I ' " The Cypriad," poem intwiirli ■ I'iie Trophies of Love:" riiila. 1815. His col- in Boston in 2 vols., bro. Frederic Knight (b. 1791, d. Rowley, Nov. 28, 1849) exercised the same profession. Most of his poetical pieces are con- tained in "Thorn Cottage, or the Poet's Home," Boston, 1855. He resided at Rowley with his grandfather Dr. Cogswell, an estimable physician. Knight, Jonathan, M.D. (1818), prof, of -surgery in Yale Med. Coll. 1838-64, b. Nor- walk, Ct.,4 Sept. 1789 ; d. N. Haven. 25 Aug. "The r.i lected w( 1821. Y. Ks appe: Kisri 517 losro 1861. Y. C. 1808. Son of Jonathan, surgeon in the Rcvol. army. He attended the U. of Pa. in 1811-13; was a pupil of Dr. Rush; and was licensed to piaetise by the Ct. Med. See. in An, 11 ■., . .■ ,., ,, ,r (perlonningal.sothe.lui, . : ,, , :,,,.,, Mar. 1785 to Dec. 17'J.""), ;ii; 1 i:!. ' ^y. Knyphausen (knip'-how'-zen), Dodo Henry, bar.jn, lieut.-gen., 2d in com. of the Hessian troops in the British service in the lievol. war; b. Alsace, 1730; d. Berlin, Prus- sia, May 2, 1789. Remaikable for taciturnity and reserve, and an excellent oflieer. His fa- ther was col. of a German regt. in the service of the Duke of Marlborough. Thegen. commenced his military career in the service of the father of Frederick the Great. He sulisequently served ill ill. wars waged by the latter nguiiist Austria. II .iiii'.id in America in June, 177G, and was - 11 . J 1 ill the battle of Long Maud in Aug. iMi.ouiiig; also present at White Plains; aided in the capture of Fort Washington in Nov. 1776 ; in the battles of Brandywine and .Mon- mouth ; com. an expcd. to Spriiiglield, N J. ; and in the absence of Sir H. Clinton in June, 1780, was in com. of the city of New York. Kohl (kol), Dr. John George, traveller, author, and cartographer, b. Bremen, 28 Apr. 1808 ; d. there 6 June, 1871. Educated to the law at Gottingen, Heidelberg, and Munich. Afterward a private tutor in Courland, and traveller in Russia. In 1838 he settled in KOH 519 ■KRA. Drcsacn ; tlien travellcil over Europe, and pub. the results iu a scries of volumes. In 1854-S he prepared for the U.S. Govt, a series of val- uable maps of America, and travelled over the counirv. Amonc? some 20 of his pubs, are " Travels in Canada," 18.-)5 ; " Travels in the U.S.," 18.57; "Kitahi Ga.na, or Tales from Lake Superior," ISGO ; " lll-iury of the T\yo Oldest Charts of the Neu- World," made la Spain, 1S61; " Geo-raphlcal Hist, of Ameri- ca," 1866; "Descript. Catalogue of Alaps, Charts, and Surveys relat. to Amer., in Hak- luyt, vol. iii.," 18.i7. His valuable " Hist, ot the Discovery of the East Coast of N.A. was pub. iu the "Me. Hist. Colls. of Franklin, on presentmg 1869. HrhadleJt'Lu-ed Veibre 'many learned Washington, ho answered his inquir Method of Delivering Sermons ; " " Eulogy on Edmund M. Mason ;" discourse " On Duel- ling ; " " On the Perseverance of the Saints ; " "Pastoral Keminiseences," N.Y. 12mo, 1849. Koseiuszko (kos-se-as'-ko), TAOiinsz, a Polish patriot, b. Lithuania, Feb. 12, 1756 ; d. Solcuro, SwitzcM-land, Oct. 15, 1817. He was of noble dostent ; was educated at the Milit. Acad, of Warsaw, and (at the expense of the State) in Franee. On his return to Poland, he was made a eapt. ; but an unhappy passion for the dau. of the marshal of Lithuania mducod him to leave Poland, and offer his services to the Americans. Armed with the recommcn- nf TTrnnklin on m-esentinc himselt to What societies. A translat the Discovery of America" was published lu England in 1862. Kohne, Frederick, a philanthropic mer- chant, b. Rlicda, in Westphalia, March 30, 1757 • d. Phiia. May 26, 1829. He came to Phila. in 1780, and engaged in business in Charleston, S.C. Having by his ow'n exer- tions acquired a fortune of ab. $750,000, and having no children of his own, he gave more than two-thirds of it to objects of charity. He cave SIOO.OOO each to the Theol. Sem. of the Epis. Church, and to the House of Kchige in Pa. ; $60,000 to the Oriihan Society ol Phila.; and S:i0,0U0 each to the Gen. Prot. Ep. Snn- dav-sehool Union, and to the Pa. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Kolloek, HENitr, D.D. (H U 1806), jriryman, b. New Providence, N.J., Dec. 14, of his "History of do you seek lierer' by s^ayi I coil light as a volunteer for American independ- ence." — " What can you do V — " Try me, was the laconic reply. Washington made him an aide-decamp, and Oct. 18, 1776, col. of en- gineers. He planned the encampment of Gates at Bemis's Heights, from which Burgoyne found it iipossib clei N.J. 778'; d. Savannah, Ga., Dec. 29, 1619 Coll. 1794. Tutor at N. J. Coll. 1797-1800. Licensed to preach May 7, 1800, in Dec. he became pastor of a church at Elizabethtown ; but in Dec. 1803 became prof, of divinity at N. J. Coll. From 1806 till his death, ho was pastor of the Indep. Pres. Cliureli, Savannah. As a preacher he had a brilliant reputation. His sermons were pub. in 4 vols 8vo, Sav. 1S2-', wiih a Memoir by his bro. S. K. liol- koUoek, Shephekd, Eevol. officer, and editor,!.. Lewiston, Del., 1750 ; d. Phila. July 28, 1839. Early in the struggle, he was com- missioned a lieut. ; was at the battles of Trenton, Fort Lee, Short Hills, and other en- gagements ; resigned in 1779, and established a newspaper, the N.J. Journal, at the village of Chatham; in 1783 lie removed his press to the city of N.Y., and established the i^.l. Oa-ettecT ■ in 1787 removed to Elizahethiown, and revived the N. J. Jourmil which he con- thuied to edit 31 years. He held the office ot jud-c of common pleas for 35 years ; postmas- ter ol E. till 1829. Kolloek, Sheppakd Kosciusko, D.u., bro. ot llenrv, b. Elizabethtown, N. J.. 23 June, iTHi- d Aiir 7 1865. Princeton Coll. 1812. }w.'rlttoi^c"andlogieinUofN.C D.D. 1850. Licensed to preach in June, 1814 ; ora. the Presb. church. Ox dislodge him ; and was the principal engineer in executing the works at West Point. In J iu . i: I. li-i aided Greene in the unsudi-: - nety-Six. For his services he rr- ■- ul Con- gress, the badge of tii< ' m ; .'; ii, and the brevet of brig.-gen. Aller tlie war l,o returned to Poland, where he fought gallantly under Poniatowski against the Russians, particular y at Zieleuce, June 18, and at Dubiciika, July 17, 1792; but the patriots were finally over- whelmed, and Koseiuszko retired to Leipsic. In 1794 another lising ot the Poles took place: Koseiuszko was placed at iis head, and at Kaclawice, April 4, 1794, with 5,000 peasants, armed mostly with scythes, routed a Russian corps of twice that number. Ho committed Austria now added her weight to his eneniics, who, with 150,000 men, came upon him, Oct. 10, at Maeicjowiee. After a long conflict Koseiuszko, who had repelled 3 attacks, tell covered with wounds, uttering the prophetic lament, " /•';»/.■-■ Polo}iice ! " He was imprisoned in St. Petersburg until the accession of the Em- ,■,.,„.' T',-! V I'M ,.•! fiTcincr him, offered him eedoffi vord," zko refusing to lend himself thout a guarantv of Polish he went tolive'atSoleure, N.C., tiastor 01 lue xieai*. Liiwivw, w.^.w..., - . - . May, 1818 ; of the Presb. church, Norfolk, Va., 1825-35, afterward of Burlington, ^.J., and of Greenwich, N. J. Pub. an edition ol llen- rv Kollock's " Sermons with Memoir, 4 vols. 8vo 1822 ; " Ministerial Character ; ' " Best Swuzrrl.md. llis death was caused by a fall from his horse over a precipice. His remains lie beside those of Poniatowski and Sobieski m the Cathedral Church of Cracow. The cadets at West Point erected an elegant monumeut to his memory. Krauth, Charles Puilip, sen., U.U., 520 clergyman niKl scholar, b. Northampton Co., Pa., "179G; d. Gettysburg, Pa., May 3, 1867. He studied medicine; but in 1820 became pas- tor of tlie Shcpherdstown Lutheran Church, where bis abilities soon became known. In 1821 he was on the committee to draw up the formula for the govt, and discipline of the Evangelical Lutheran Cburcb; in 182.5 he assisted ill preparing a Hymn-Book, Liturgy, and Prayers for the use of the cburcbes of the district synods ; in 1831 he was placed upon the editing committee of 15 ; was often a dele- gate to the general synod, served on many of its committees, and was repeatedly its presi- dent. From 1827 to 1834 he was pustorof St. Matthew's Lutheran Church, Pbila., and was regarded as one of the finest pulpit orators of that city. From 1834 to 1847 be was pres. of Pa. Coil. From 1847 till bis death, he was prof, of biblical pbiluloLry and cccl. history in the Gettysburg Tlieol. 8em. Ho pub. some addresses, and furnished many articles for the Lutheran IiUelUtjencfir and the Evaiigelical Re- Erauth, Chahles Portekfield, son of the preceding, b. Martinsburg, Va., 17 Mar. 1823. U. ofPa. 18.39. Ord. 1842; succes- sively pastor at Baltimore; Winchester, Va. ; Pittsburg, Pa.; St. Mark's Church, Pbila., in 18.59-G3; prof, of theology, Lutheran Sem., Phila., 1864-8; and since 1868 prof, of moral and intcll. philos. U. of Pa. Has pub. " The Pastoral Office," 1845; "The Transfigura- tion," 18.00; "Popular Amusements," 1S51 ; "The Bil.Ic a Perfect Book." 1851; "The Old Church on the Hill," 1S54; "The Lu- theran Church and the Lord's Day," 1857, &c. ; Transl. of Tboluck's Commentary on the Gospel of St. John. Contiib. to numerous reviews and periodicals. In 1861 he became editor of the Lutheran and Misslonari/, Phila. Krebs, John Miciiakl, D.D. (Dick. Coll. 1841), Prcsb. clergyman, h. ILigcrstown, Md., May 6, 1804; d. NY. Citv, Sept. 30, 1867. Dick. Coll. 1827 ; Piincct. Tbcol. Sem. 1830. He spent his leisure time in study while a clerk in the employ of his father, who was postmas- ter of Hager-tonn. Having studied theology nnder Dr. Dufficld, he was in Oct. 1829 li- censed to preach ; and from 1830 to his d. was pastor of the Pv,utgers-st. Church, N.Y. From 1837 to 1845 be was permanent clerk of the Presb. Gen. Assembly (O.S.), and in 1845 was moderator. He was a director of the Prince- ton Sem. from 1842, and became pres. of the board in 1866. He had been a member of the Board of Foreign Missions from its organiza- tion, and for several years its pres. Author of numerous works, including " The Purpose and Success of the Gospel," 1833 ; " Righteousness and National Prosperity," 1835 ; " The Prov- idence of God in the Calamities of Men," 1835 ; " The Leader Fallen," 1841; " Merciful Rebuker," 1841 ; "Reciprocal Relations of Physicians and Clergymen ; " " The American Citizen," 1851; " The Presbyterian Psalmist," 1852. Euhn, Adam, M.D., b. Germantown,Pa., Nov. 28, 1741 ; d. Phila. July 5, 1817. He studied medicine under his father, and at the U. of Upsal in 1762, also studying botany under Linnieus. He took the degree of M.D. at the U. of Edinburgh, June 12, 1767 ; pub. the thesis, " De Lavatione Frigida." Return- ing, he settled in practice in Phila. ; in Jan. 1768 was app. prof, of materia mediea in the Phila. Coll. ; prof, of the theory and practice of medicine in the U. of Pa. in Nov. 1789 ; and prof, of the practice of physic from the junction of the Coll. and U. in Jan. 1792 till 1797. He was a physician of the Pa. Hospital from May, 1775, toJan. 1798 ; and was pres. of the College of Physicians from July, 18U8, till his death. — Tharher. Kunkel, John C., lawyer and M.C. from Pa. 1857-9, one of the ablest speakers and most gifted men of Pa. ; d. Harrisburg, Pa., 14 Oct. 1870. Kunze, Edward J., sculptor, b. Pome- rania, Prussia, 1826 ; d. N.Y. City, 10 Apr. 1870. At 18 he came to the U.S., and, devot- bis achieved a high ^tation. Kunze, John Curistophe repu- D.D., b. N.Y. July 24, 1807. U. In 1771 he was called to the Lu- .nun u.ail.ins in Phila. of St. Michael's i'^ rliiui lies, where be continued 14 b was liiic of the first of bis educated icn u> ur-o the propriety of educating yoiiih in linglish. In 1784 he re- N.Y., where he had charge of the church 23 years, and was prof, of inguagcs from 1784 to 1787 and from 795 in Col. Coll. He composed and 795 a hymn-book of German hymns 1 into English verse. He also pre- pared a liturgy and catechism in English. Pres. of the second synod of the Amer. Lu- theran ciiurcb, and was celebrated for the be- nevolence of bis character. Author of " Hist, of tlie Christian Religion and of the Lutheran Chnivh," ■■ i:>li|,M. uf June 10, 1806." — 5ee i/,--,/,«s's 11,4 ,.fi!,r Anm: Lulh. Cluirch. Kyan, .bnix II., inventor of the process of lianliinng wood, making what is called " Kyanizcd " wood ; b. Eng. ; d. N.Y. 9 Jan. 1850, a. 75. Member of many European scientific societies. Labaree, Benjamin, D.D. (U. of Vt. 1841), LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1864), educator, b. Cbarlestown, N.II., June 3, 1801. Dartm. Coll. 1828; And. Sem. 1831. Ord. at Brad- ford, Ms., Sept. 26, 1831. Prof, of Latin and Greek, Jackson Coll., Columbia, Tenn., 1832- 6, and pres. from 1836 to Apr. 18.j7 ; sec. of the Centn 1 Soc. N.Y. pres. Middlcbury Coll. Oct. 1,1840, to 1866; pastor at Hyde Park, Ms., 1869-71. Labat (lii-'bii'), John Baptist, a French missionary, b. Paris, 1663; d. there Jan. 6, 1738. At theageof20heentcred the Dominican order, and, after acting as prof, of philosophy at Nancy, embarked in 1693 for the VV. Indies as a missionary. He was some time cure of Macouba in Martinique, but in 1696 passed to Guadalonpe, where he established a station of his order, and also disting. himself as an engineer and agriculturist. He explored the archipelago of the Antilles; founded in 1703 the city of Basse Terre ; in 1 705 returned to Europe, and travelled through Spain, survey- ILlA.B 521 ing the environs and coast of Andalusia, to Italy, where he remained several years, and wrote his "Nouveau Voyage aiu: Isles del' Am€- rique," 6 vols., Paris, 1722. During several voyages in the service of the mission, he visited all the Antilles, and, on the attack of Guada- loupe by the English in 1703, he rendered im- portant services as an engineer. He also pub. " A Description of the Countries on the Sene- gal and between Cape Blanco and Sierra Leone," and a translation of Cavazzi's work on Western Ethiopia. La Borde, Maximilian, physician and scholar, b. Edgefield, S.C, 1804. S. C. Coll. 1820. His father was from Bordeaux. Aban- doning the stiulv of law for that of med., he wasgni.l :.r tlir'S rM,-d. Coll. in 1826. He practis'^i i: [: : M 1,'J years, occasionally reprc^nii I i !i^t. in the lower house of the ^l i.i ,. ji-i , :!ihI, udited the Edr/efiM Adoeitisi-i ill lb)6. ill 1838 he was elected sec. of state; in 18-42 he accepted the chair of logic and belles-lettres in S. C. Coll. ; and in 1845 was transferred to the chair of metaphysics. He taught chiefly by lecture till I8.')5, when ho pub. a text-book on physiolo-y, which is highly esteemed. He has been a Iroquont contrib. to the Houth. Quarter/// Review, and has contrib. to Russell's and other Souihern magazines. In Aug. 1 859 he pub. an elaborate " History of the S C. Coil., with Sketches of its Presidents and Professors." — Appkton. Lacey, Gen. John, Revel, officer, b. Bucks Co., Fa., Feb. 4, 1755; d. New Mills, N.J., Feb. 17, 1814. Though brought up a Quaker, he took com. of a vol. company, and Jan. 6, 1776, was made a capt. in Wayne's regt., with which lie served in Canada. Ho was made in 1777 suii-lieut. of Bucks County, and lieut.-col. of militia, and, at the head of 400 men, joined Gen. Potter's brigade at Whitemarsh in Nov. 1777. While thus engaged he was in frequent skirmishes with the enemy. Before he was 2.3 he received the app. of brig. -gen. (Jan. 9, 1778), and had a most hai-assing duty to per- form on the lines while the British army occu- pied Phi la. He was a member of the Assem- bly in 1778; amemberof the council in 1779- 81 ; and from Aug. 1780 to Oct. 1781 was in active service with a brigade of militia. He soon afterwards removed to New Mills, Bur- lington Co., N.J., where he became largely concerned in iron-woiks. He was many years a judge, and justice of the county where he re- sided ; and also a member of the le'gisl. — Rot/ers. La Come, Chevaliee Pierre, an active Canadian officer. Son of Capt. La Corne, town-major of Quebec in 1719. He w.is, with Sieur Joncaire, on an embassy to the Indians of Niagara in 1720. In 1747, with M. de St. Pierre, he defeated the Indian incursion at La Chene Rapids ; was sent to Acadia with De Eamezay, succeeding to the command when that officer was wounded in the action at Grand Pre. In this affair he attacked and carried the house of Col. Noble, who was killed in its de- fence, lu 1749 he was sent, with the priest La Loutre, to seduce the Acadians from their allegiance to Eng.. and to induce them to re- move north of the Bay of Fundy and the Isthmus, but failed in the attempt. At this time he is said to have corn. ab. 2,500 men. He was actively employed in Canada for the next ten years ; was wounded in the action at the Rapids, Lake Ontario, in 1759; and was disting. in com. of a batt. of Colonial troops, and again wounded at the capture of Quebec. By his intimate knowledge of the Indian lan- guages he was of great service to the govt. Lacunza, Jose Maria, Mexican poet, b. ab. 1809; d. Havana, June 19, 1869. He re- ceived an excellent education ; came to the bar ab. 1834; and was in the council of Santa Aiia in 1843-4, and at a later period. When Maxi- milian came into power, he found him the most eminent lawyer of the capital, and favorably disposed toward himself, and made him, in Nov. 1864, minister of state and pros, of thecouncil. He resigned in Nov. 1865, and a few months later escaped to Havana. His poems, which have great merit, have passed through several editions. Ladd, Joseph Brown, poet and physician, b. Little Compton, R.I., 1764 ; d. Chnrleston, S.C, Nov. 2, 1786, from a wound received in a duel. Son of William, a soldier of the Re- vol. (memijcr of the 11. 1, legisl. and of the con- vention which ratified the Federal Constitution), who d. Alexandria, Va., Dec. 4, 1800, a. 64. The son removed to Charleston, S. C, ab. 1784, and was soon engaged in extensive prac- tice. In 1785 he was app. Fourth of July orator at the second celebration of the day in Charleston. His writings, under the signature of " Arouct," pub. in 1786, display genius. A sketch of his life, with poems, was "pub. in 1832, by W. B. Chittenden. Ladd, William, philanthropist, h. Exeter, N. H., May 10, 1778; d. Portsmouth, N. IL, Apr. 9, 1841. H.U. 1797. Eng.nging in mer- cantile pursuits, he made several foreign voy- ages, as supercargo or captain. He took an active part in organizing the American Peace Society, of which he was for many years pros., and in behalf of which he labored efficient- ly until the close of his life. He edited the Friend of Peace, commenced by Dr. Noah Worcester, and the Ilarbinijer of Peace ; and pub. a number of essays and occasional ad- dresses on the subject of peace. He carried his views to the extreme of denying the right to maintain defensive war, and caused this prin- ciple to be incorporated into the constitution of the American Peace Society. Author of " An Essay on a Congress of'Nations," Svo, Bost. 1840. Laet, John de, historian and geographer, b. Antwerp ; d. there at the close of 1649. Lit- tle is known of him, except that he was a di- rector of the Dutch E. India Co. and intimate with Saumiase. He left some very useful works, the chief of which are, " Novus Orbis," folio, Leyden, 1633, an account of America, much used by later geographers, and which in- volved him in a controversy with Grotius con- cerning the origin of the Americans ; " Historia Naturalis Brasilim," folio, 1640; " De Re(iisHis- panice Regnio et Opibus," Svo; " Respublica ISel- garum ; " " Gallia ; " " Turcici Imperii Slatus; " ani " Persici Imperii Slalus." The four last form part of the little books called " Reipubli- coe," printed by Elzevir. — Diog. Univ. 522 Lafayette, Marie Jeax Pacl Roch Yves Gilbert Motier, marquis dc, soldier and statesman, b. at Chavagiiac, Aiivcr;;ne, Sept. 6, 1757; d. Paris, May 19, 1834. One of his ancestors was a distinguished nlal•^hal of FraTice ; another, Mmc. de Lafayette, was one of the most brilliant ornaments of the court of Louis XIV. His father fell in the b.ittle of Minden ; .ind.his mother dying in 1770, he was left the heir to an immense estate. Ho was ed- ucated at tlie college of Plessis ; and at 15 ra. a grand-dan<;htcrof the Duke , I; i , ,, ,.v, on condition of obtaiiiinjj ii:.-, sti ucs in LD.nlueting the con- templated exped. to N. Orleans. He immedi- ately wrote to Gov. Claiborne of La., enclosing the documents from Capt. Lockyer, and offer- ing his services in defence of La. on the sole condiiion of pardon, to himself and followers for the offences with which they stood charged. Lafitte's offer was, after some hesitation, ac- cepted. In connection with an oifieer of the army, he was employed in fortifying the passes of Barataria Bay, and rendered efficient service in com. of a party of his followers in the battle of Jan. 8, 181.5. His subsequent career is in- volved in obscurity ; but it is believed, that, after the war, he for a time com. a packet ply- ing between Phihi. and N. Orleans, and sub- scqu rr'v ip'iiiii' I his old pursuits, taking a priv.i! -I, i .11 either from New Gri- nad:i . : \1 , : I Imt, while thus engaged, he li.r:i!' I .1 - :i, lit on the site of the pres- ent eiiy .It (jiuvesion, which was broken up in 1821 by a naval force under Lieut. Kearney. Lalittc was tall, well-formed, and handsome, easy and jiolislied in manner, and winning and affable in his address. It is supposed that he was of a respectable family, and that his early opportunities for education had been good. — Appkloii. Lafon, Barthei.emt, geographer ; d. N. Orleans, Sept. 29, 1820. He pub. a map of Lower Louisiana and N. Orleans. About 1814 he proposed for pnb. " Urane Geography," designed to prove that America was known to thcaneients. Lafontaine, Sir Lonis Hypolite, a Canadian siaicMnan, b. Boucherville, C. E., Oct. 1807; d. Montreal, Feb. 26, 1864. His grandfather, Antoine Menard, was a member of the Canadian parliament from 1796 to 1804. He studied for the bar; became a prominent politician; and being supposed, from his con- nection with the French Canadian opposition, to be in sympathy with the insurgents of 1837, a reward was offered for his arrest; and he fled to En^. and thence to Fiance. Sub- sequently called to the councils of Lord Dur- ham ami of Sir Charles Bagot, his party came into power in Mar. 1848 ; and be was premier from the rcsiL'naiion of Mr. Baldwin until Oct. 18.51. Resuming his law-office, he became chief justice of the Court of Queen's Bench, Aug. 13, 1853. Created bart. Aug. 28, 1854. — Mwijaii. La Forest, Antoine Rene Charles M.vTiiuiM!?. comte de. diplomatist, b. Aire, France. 8 Air.' 17.)6: d. 2 An-. 1^46. Quit- tin- III ■ i.l: . ! Il..;;i ,1,;, li.- ,ii: i. I [Ur. di- plnlli:,; ■ . ,.■■:'. 1-: I . •;, .1 ■ ,,: ... !, .;, NoV. nd N. Voik, and in 1783 succc.lcd .Mnrbois ! consul-gen. He returned to France in 1792 ; us again consul-gen. to the U.S. in 1794-3; was placed at the head of the French post- office after the 18th brumaire; in 1800 was minister-plenipo. to the Congress of Liincville ; minister to Berlin 1803-6, and to Spain 1808- 13; made peer of France, 3 Mar. 1819 ; minis- ter of State, and member of the piivy council in 1823. La Hontan, baron, author and soldier, b. Gascony ab. 1607. Came to Canada a private soldier in 1683 ; was stationed successively at Cliambly, Forts Frontenac, Niagara, St. Joseph's, at Lake Huron, and the Sault Ste. Marie; in 1688 at Michilimacinac ; at Green Bay in 1689 ; and thence proceeded to the Mpi. He rose to the rank of an officer, and was sent by Count Frontenac to France with the de- spatches announcing the failure of SirWilliam Phipps's attack on Quebec. Afterwards dep.- gov. of Placentia, he got embroiled witli his superior; made his escape in a merchant vessel ; was suhseqiiently dismissed tli" « rvi . : :it;.'1, being tlircatened uith arrc-t I' : "^ . I .•.1 the nlerof IIo. ■tiling finally in Denmaik i>- .| i.-d ■ in the endeavor to bercsi.irc.l lo tavor, ;ed his spleen in writing his navels, enti- Notiveaux Voyages de M. Ik Baron de La 1 dans VAm^riqiie Septfintn'onulc," 3 vols. 12mo, 1703, — a work of slight authority, and written in a coarse and vulgar stvle. Laidlie, Archibald, D.DI (N.J. CoU. 1770), first minister of the Dutch church in America, who officiated in the Eng. language, b. Kelso, Scotland, 1720; d. Red Hook, N.Y., Nov. 14, 1779, during his exile caused by the war. Previous to his call to N.Y. iu 1764, he had been 4 years minister of Flushing, Zea- land. He m. the dau. of Col. Martin Hoffman. He had a vigorous mind; was a sound divine and powerful preacher. ^ "T Lake> Gerard, viscount, an Eng. gen., b. July 27, 1744; d. Feb. 20, 1808. Ensign in the Foot Guards in 1753, and served in Ger- many during the seven-years' war. In 1781 he was in Amer. ; lieut.-col. under Cornwallis, and disting. himself by conducting a very successful sortie at the siege of Yorktown, where he was, together with the whole British army, made prisoner. He afterward served in Holland and Ireland; wascom.-in-chief in India in 1800-6; and was created Lord Lake, Baron Dehly and Laswarri ; and was soon after raised to the rank of viscount, and made gov. of Plymouth, and gen. in the army. Lake, William, poet, b. Kingston, Pa., 1787 ; d. Dec. 17, 1805. His jweins, entitled " The Parnassian Pilgrim," were pub. at Hud- son, 12mo, 1807. Lallemand (liir-mon'), Charles Fred- erick Antoine, baron, a French soldier, b. Metz, 1774 ; d. Paris, 9 Mar. 1839. He served under Napoleon ; com. a division at Waterloo; and then went to Eng., and requested to be sent to join the emperor, but was arrested, and imprisoned at Malta. He afterward came to the U.S., and with his younger bio., Baron Henry, planned in 1818 a colony in the West as an asvlum for European political exiles ; and IOO,000'acres of land were grantetl by the U.S. for the purpose. A spot was selected in Texas, but the Spaniards warned off the new-comers, 7U- 6 ^u.. Jy < 524 who returned to Galveston. He returned to I'arisin 1 830 ; wns restored to his rank of lieut.- gen. ; and, under Louis Philippe, held the com. of Corsica two years. Henrv, wlio was a dis- ting. artillery officer, m. a dau. of Stephen Girard, settled at Bordentown, N. J., d. Sept. 15, 1823, a. 46. Author of " A Treatise oa Artillery," 2 vols. 8vo, N.Y. 1820. Lamar, Jose, ex-pres. of Peru ; d. Cartage, Central America, Nov. 15, 1830. Ijamar, JIirabeao B., soldier and politi- cian, b. Louisville, Ga., Aug. 16, 1798; d. Richmond, Texas, Dec. 19, 1859. He was Eome years engaged in mercantile and farming pursuits ; estidjlished in 1828 the Columbus In- quirer, a State's rights journal ; and was active in politics until his removal (in 1835) to Texas. At the battle of San Jacinto he contrib. great- ly to the successful issue by the charge of the cavalry under his command. He soon became atty.-gen. and afterward sec. of war. In 1836 he was elected first vice-pres. of Texas, hav- ing for some months previous held the rank of raaj.-gen. From 1838 to 1841 he was prcs. of Texas. In 1846 he joined Gen. Taylor at Matamoras, and was in the battle of Monterey ; and was afterwards engaged in checking the incursions of the Comanches. U.S. minister to Nicaragua and Costa Rica just previous to his death. Author of a vol. of poems entitled " Verse Memorials," N.Y. 1857. Lamb, Gen. John, b. N.Y. Jan. 1, 1735; d. there May 31, 1800. He first followed the occupation of his father (optician and math, instr. maker), but in 1760 engaged in the liquor trade. He was active in all the early scenes of the Revol. in N.Y. ; in 1775, as a capt. of art., accomp. Jlontgomery to Quebec; was active and brave during the siege, and was wounded and made prisoner at its close. He returned to N.Y. the cn-uing summer ; was promoted to maj., and attached to the regt. of art. under Knox ; commiss. col. of the N.Y. art. Jan. 1, 1777 ; and did good service through the war, closing his military career at Yorktown. He was soon afterward elected to the N.Y. Assem- bly. Washington app. him coll. of customs for the port of N.Y., which ofloce he held till his deaih. — 5ee Life of Lamb, 6y Isaac Q. Leake, 8vo, Albanv, '1850. Lambert, John, M.C. from N. J. 1805-9 ; U.S. senator 1809-15 ; and acting gov. of N.J. in 1802-3 ; d. Amwell, N. J , Feb. 4, 1823, a. 75. Member N. J. legisl. and vice-pres. of the council. Lambert, Sir John, a British gen., b. 1772; d. 1847. Ensign first Foot Guards 1791 ; lieut. Oct. 1793; capt. May, 1801 ; col. July, 1810; maj.-gen. June, 1813. He was at the sieges of Valenciennes and Dunkirk; in the Irish rebellion, the exped. to Walcheren, and in the Peninsular campaigns under Wellington. In Dec. 1814 he accomp. Sir E. Pakenliam's e.xped. to N. Orleans as 3d in com., and was severely wounded iu the battle of Jan. 8, 1815. Lameth (la-ma), Alexander, soldier, politician, and author, b. Paris, Oct. 28, 1760; d. March 19. 1829. Like his bro. Charles, he took a position on Rochambeau's stalf as ludc- de-camp, and, when the French revol. broke cut, was its warm advocate. He joined the Army of the North, afterward that defending the Ardennes, but, being accused at Paris, quit- ted the army, and was arrested and confined at M.tgdeburg by the Austrians until 1795. In 1802 Napoleon made liim prefect of the Basses Alpes. In 1814 he was made prefect of the Somme, and lieut. -gen. by Louis XVIII. In 1821 he became deputy for tlie Seine Inferieure, and a leader of the opposition. He wrote much on politics and political economy. Theo- dore, another bro., fought in Amer., was wounded at the combat of Granada, was a con- stitutionalist like his bros., and a member of the Assembly, d. 1837. Lameth, Charles Malo Francis, count de, a French soldier and politician, b. Oct. 5, 1757 ; d. Paris, Dec. 28, 1832. A capt., when Rochambeau came to the aid of the U.S. he went on his staff as aide major-gen. de logis, had his leg broken at the capture of a British redoubt at Yorktown, and was rewarded with the cross of St. Louis. He was one of the first of the nobles to join the people, hut became a decided constitutionalist, and theco-adjutor of Lafayette, under whom he served in the Army of the North as gen. of cav., sharing his flight from France in Aug. 1792. Returning to Par- is in 1800, he held a military office under Na- poleon ; was a member of the chamber of dep- uties in 1827; and afterward a partisan of Louis Philippe. La Mountain, John, aeronaut: d. South Bend, Ind., 14 Feb. 1870, a. 41. Believing in an atmospheric current corresp. with the Gulf Stream in the ocean, and setting from east to west, he built "The Atlantic," one of the largest and strongest balloons ever made, and left St. Louis, passed over Lake Erie; and, while crossing Lake Ontario, it was seized by a tornado, and left a wreck in the woods of Jefferson Co., N.Y. During the civil war he turned his attention to milit:iry b;i!loi>ns, and was engaged in the U.S. service. His last voy- age occasioned liis death. An impaticntcrowd cast him off before he was ready, without an overcoat, and the valve-rope tied several feet above the basket. He shot up into a lieavy cloud of mist and sleet, which froze the valve- board fast. He climbed the net-work, and tore the balloon open with his teeth. The balloon collapsed, and fell with great velocity from a height of nearly 2 miles, his system receiving a shock from which it never recovered. Lampson, Sir Ccrtis Miranda, bart., b. Vt.,21 Sept. 1806. Went to Eng. in 1830; was naturalized there in 1848; and 13 Nov. 1868 was made a baronet for his importint services in laying the Atlantic telegraph cable, having been a director in the company formed for that purpose. He is dcp.-guv. of tlie Hud- son Bay Co., and a trustee of the Peabody i''und for the poor of Loudon. — Men of the Time. Lamson, Alvan, D. D. (H. U. 1837), Unitarian clergvman and author, b. Weston, Ms., Nov. 18, 1792; d. Dedham, Ms., Julv 17, 18G4. H. U. 1814. Tutor in Bowd. Coll. 1814-16; pastor First Church, Dedham, Oct. 29, 1818-60. He was a vigorous writer, con- trib. many valuable articles to the Christian Examiner. Author of " Church of the First tiAJsr 525 Three Centuries," &c., 8vo, 1860; Sermons, Boston, 12mo, 1857 ; a discourse at Dedham, 21 Dec. 1851, on "John Rohinson;" "A Hist, of the First Chnrch and Parish in Dedham," 8vo, 1839 ; and several oceas. discourses. Iiancaster, Sir James, an Eng. naviga- tor, b. ab. 1550; d. 1S20. He made a voyage to the E. Indies in 1591, and afterwards sailed round the Cape of Good Hope, visiting Ceylon, and Palo Penang, where the mutinous conduct of his crew obliged him to return home. In 1594 he engaged in a predatory exped. to S. America ; took several prizes ; and captured Pernambuco in Brazil, returning in 1595 laden with immense booty. He sailed from Torbay, Feb. 15, 1601, with a fleet of 5 vessels, to the E. Indies ; formed a commercial treaty with the King of Achen ; established a friendly cor- rcsp. with the State of Bantam in the island of Jiiva; and returned in 1605, with informa- tion, proi-iircd in his last voyage, relative to a N.W. passage to the E. Indies, which gave rise to the subsequent expeds. of Hudson and others. Baffin gave the name of Lancaster's Sound to an inlet which he discovered in 74° of N. lat. This navigator received the honor of knight- hood from Queen Elizabeth. — See Ace. of his Vo,/afie to ihc E. Indies in Knox's CoUs. v. 2. Lancaster, Joseph, educationist, b. Lond. 1771 ; d. N.Y. Oct. 24, 1838. He belonged to the Society of Friends. In 1789 he opened a school for poor children at Southwark, whom he taught almost gratuitously. For many years he was actively engaged in delivering lectures, and forming schools in various parts of England, on the plan of employing the more advanced pupils in a school to instruct the class next below themselves ; a. plan originallv in- troduced into Eng. by Dr. Bell. His labors in giving this system a notoriety it would not otherwise have obtained, while gaining him applause, kept him poor; and in ISlShe emig. to America. His system had, to a considerable extent, been previously introduced into Ameri- can schools : so that he was not pecuniarily benefited by the change. In 1829 he went to Canada, where the legisl. made him some pecuniary grants to enable him to give his sys- tem a fair trial. Becoming again embarrassed, some of his friends purchased for him a small annuity, and he removed to New York. Author of -The British System of Education," &c., 12mo, Washington, 1812; and an Autobiog., New Haven, 1833. — See Life of Lancaster, hi his frimd Willinm Corston. Liaildais, Pierre de, a French naval ofiB- cer, b. (of a noble but impoverished family of Normandy) 1734 ; d. N.Y. City, Sept. 1820. a. 86. A lieut. in the French navy, from which he had been dismissed on account of infirmity of temper, he entered the naval service of the U.S. June 18, 1778, with the rank of capt. In Jan. 1779, he sailed in com. of "The Alliance" (frigdte) for France, and made part of the squadron of Paul Jones. His insubordination, together with his extraordinary conduct dur- ing the engagement between the " Bon Homme Richard" and " The Serapis," Sept. 23, 1780, caused his dismissal from service, and he passed the rest of his Hfe in poverty in N.Y. City. Lander, Fbedeeic West, soldier and explorer, b. Salem, Ms., Dec. 17, 1822; d. Paw Paw, Va , March 2, 1862. As a boy he was remarked for intrepidity, love of adven- ture, and skill in manly exercises. He studied civil engineering at the Milit. Acad, at Nor- wich, Vt., and was employed by the govt, to conduct important explorations across the con- tinent. He made two surveys to determine the practicability of a railroad-route to the Pacific, from the second of which, undertaken at his own expense, he alone, of all the party, re- turned alive. He afterward surveyed' and eonstrncted the great overland wagon-route. While engaged in 1858 on this work, his party of 70 men were attacked by the Pah Ute In- dians, over whom they gained a decisive vic- tory. When the civil war began in 1861 ho was employed on important secret missions in the Southern States ; served as a vol. aide on Gen. McClellan's staff; and participated with great credit in the capture of Philippi and the battle of Rich Mountain. Made a brig. -gen. May 17, and in July took an important com- mand on the Upper Potomac. Hearing of the disaster at Ball's Bluff, he hastened to Edward's Ferry, which he held with a single company of sharpshooters, but was severely wounded in the leg. Before the wound was healed he re- portedforduty, and at Hancock, Jan. 5, 1862, he repulsed a greatly superior Confed. force which besieged the town. Though much debilitated by his wound, he particularly disting. himself by a brilliant dash upon the enemy at Bloom- ing Gap, Feb. 14, 1852, for which he received a special letter of thanks from the secretary of war. Increasing ill health compelled him to apply for temporary relief from military duty; but, 'while preparing an attack on the enem'y, Mar. 1, he died suddenly of congestion of tho brain. In 1860 he m. Miss Davenport, tho disting. actress. Louisa Lander, the celebrated sculptor, is his sister. Lander, Jean Margaret Davenport, actress, b. Wolverhampton, Eng., May 3, 1829. Her father, originally a lawyer, became mana- ger of the Richmond Theatre, where, at tho age of 8, Jean made her first appearance. In 1838 she was brought to America, and played " star " engagements in various cities. In 1842 she returned to Europe, travelled, and studied music under Garcia. At the Lond. Olympif she soon became a favorite as Juliet in " The Countess," and as Julia in " The Hunchback." In 1846 she took a company to Holland, and for 2 years was highly successful. Return- ing to Eng. in 1848, she became a successful public reader. Her second visit to America, in 1849, was so successful, that she determined to make it her home. In " Peg WoflSngton," " Adrienne Le Couvreur," Letitia Hardy in " The Countess," ,ind in " Camille," she made an indelible impression. In 1855 she visited Cal., and subsequently twice visited Eng. Oct. 30, 1860, at San Francisco, she ra. (5en. F. W. Lander, who died in the service, Mar. 2, 1862. She retired from the stage upon her marriage, and did good service as a hospital-nurse in and about the capital during the war. In Feb. 1865 she re-appeared upon the stage, at Nih- blo's in New York. She won a new triumph as Queen Elizabeth at the National Theatre, LiAJsr 526 L-AJSr Washinpiton, in Apr. 1867. Honor, fame, and wealth crown the industrious and blameless life of this excellent actress. Iiander, Louisa, sculptor, b. Salem, Ms., ab. 18.35. While quite young she manifested her taste for sculpture, and modelled excellent likenesses of various members of her family, and executed cameo heads. At ab. the aye of 20 she went to Home; became the pupil of Crawford ; and soon after finished in marble " To-Day," a youthful figure emblematic of America, and "Galatea." Among her subse- quent works are a bust of Gov. Gore of Ms. from 2 oil portraits ; a bust of Hawthorne ; a spirited statuette of " Virginia Dare," the first English child born in America; a life-size statue of "Virginia;" a reclining statue of "Evangeline;" "Elizabeth, the Exile of Si- beria;" a statuette of " Undine," and one of "Ceres mourning for Proserpine;" and nu- merous portrait-busts. She afterward produced a figure of " A Sylph alighting." Lane, EsENEZiiK, LL.D. (H. U. 1850), jud;;e, b. Northampton, Ms., Sept. 17,1793; d. Sandubkv, 0., June 12, 1866. H.U. 1811. He studied "law with his uncle Matthew Gris- wold ; went to Ohio in 1817, and settled in Sanduskv in 1822. Judge of the C.C.P. from 1824 to 1830; of the Supreme Court from 1830 to 1837; chief justice 1837-45. He passed the remainder of his life in railroad manage- Lane, Ebknezer, founder of the Lane Theol. Sem. ; d. Oxford, 0., March 8, 1870, a. 77. Iiane, Henrt S., senator, b. Montgomerv Co., Ky., 24 Feb. 1811. Received a good common school education, and under a tutor gained some knowledge of the cUissics; stuilied law; removed to Indiana, and was adin. to its bar; member of the legisl. in 1837; M.C. 1841-3 ; lieut.-col. of vols, in the Jlexican war, 184G-7; elected U.S. senaior in 18,VJ, but denied a scat; elected gov. of Iiid. in 1861, but was again chosen a U. S. senator, and served in 1861-7. Bro. of Gen. James H. Lane, Col. Isaac of Ilollis, Ms. ; d. Port- land, Me., Oct. 1833, a. 69. He was a Revol. soldier; com. the 33d U.S. Inf. in several bat- tles on the Canada frontier in the war of 1812-15; and was many years in the legisl. of Me. and Ms., and of the exec, council. Lane, Ges. James Henry, senator, b. Lawrenceburg, Ind., June22, 1814; d. Leaven- worth, Kan., July U, 1866. Son of Amos (M C. 1833-9). He studied law, and wasadm. to the bar in 1840. In May, 1846, he enlisted In I84S !,.• ■, . . ':.. :i '■.■::: ...', .■!■,: •iii-lwas M.C. I- : -^ >.•■.:! ; : , : , I i i nf the Mo. rnni,.!..;,),-: i:i I -. «mi: U. K;..lsaS, becaclie an active 1-ice-huitu man, anil was chosen cliairman of the exec. com. of the Topeka convention which instituted the first govt, of Kansas. He was afterward pres. of the Topeka Const. Conv. ; was elected by the people maj.-gen. of the Free-State troops, and was active in driving out the Mo. invaders. In 1856 he was elected to the U.S. senate by the legisl., which met under the Topeka constitu- tion ; but the election was not recognized by Congress, and he was indicted in Douglas County for high treason for his participation in the Topeka govt., and forced to flee the Territory. In 1857 he was pres. of the Leaven- worth Const. Conv. ; in 1 858 he shot a neighbor named Jenkins in a quarrel about a well, for which he was tried and acquitted ; in March, 1861, he was elected to the U.S. senate by the State legislature; in May, 1861, he com. the Frontier Guards, enlisted for the defence of Washington ; in June he was nominated bri^.- gen. of vols., and com. the Kansas brigade in the field for 4 months, defeating the rebels in several well-contested fights, and protecting Kansas from invasion; in July, 1862, he was app. commiss. to supt. the enlistment of troops in the West. He narrowly escaped from the Lawrence massacre in Aug. 1863 ; and was vol. aide to Gen. Curtis during the Price raid in Oct. 1864. Delegate to the Baltimore Con- vention in 1864; re-elected to the U.S. senate in 1865. On his way home, just previous to his death, he was attacked with paralysis, his reason became unsettled, and he took his own life. Lane, Gen. Joseph, politician, b. Bun- combe Co., N.C. 14 Dec. 1801.,^ His early edit- d.M''-- "1 cation was scanty. At 14 he became a clerk in ' ' a mercantile house in Ind. ; was frequently a member of the Ind. legisl. between 1822 and 1846; became col. 2d Ind. Vols, for the Mex- ican war, 25 June, 1846 ; disting. and wounded at Buena Vista ; made brig.-gen. July 1 , and brev. maj.-gen. (for gallantry at Iluaraantla) 9 Oct. 1847 ; com. in action of Atlixco, 19 Oct. 1847; took Matamoras, Nov. 22; captured Orizaba in Jan. 1848; and Feb. 24 fought the robber-chief Jaranta at Tcluialtaplan. App. gov. of Oregon Terr, in Aug. 1848; organized its govt. ; was its delegate to Congress in 1851- 9; U.S. senator in 1859-61 ; and again gov. in 1853. .\ntninated vice-])rcs. on the ticket with Breckinrid-e, by the Baltimore Democ. Conv. of 1860. Lane, Sir Ralph, app. gov. of Va. by Ra- leigh in Feb. 1585, but abandoned the province 19 June, 1586, returning to Eng. in the fleet of Sir Francis Drake; b. Northamptonshire, Eng., ab. 1530; d. Ireland, 1604. Second son of Sir R. of Orlingbury, and of Maud, dau. of Wm., Lord Parre, uncle of Cath. Parr, queen of Henry VIII. He entered the queen's ser- vice 1563, and was an equerry in her court; served with credit in the rebellion of 1569; had a com. in Ireland in 1583-4 ; was a col. in the cxped. of Norris and Drake against Portu- gal in 1589; was made muster-master-gen. in Ireland in 1591, where he was dangerously wounded; and was knighted by Fitz William, the lord dep., in 1593. — iJcy. E. E. Hale in Colls. Amer. Antiq. Soc. iv. Lang, Lonis, artist, b. Waldsefe, Wurtem- berg, Mar. 29, 1814. His father, an historical painter, destined him for the musical profession ; but his tastes led him to become a painter. At 16 he executed likenesses in pastel with success; and, during a residence of 4 years on the Lake of Constance, he painted nearly 1,000 portraits. LuAJSr In 1834 he went to Paris, and afterward to Stiitt^^art. Ab. 1838 he settled in Fiiila. In 1841-5 and ajjain in 1847-9 he was in Italy, studying in Venice, Bologna, Florence, and Rome. In 1845 he took up his residence in N. York, where he has been occupied in the dec- oration of interiors, and in modelling plaster- figures lor ornamental purposes, and in paint- ing. His pictures embrace a wide range of subjects. Among them arc " Maid of Sara- gossa," " Sewing-Society," and "Mary Stuart distributing Gifts." Iiangdon, John, LL.D., statesman, b. Portsmouth, 1739; d. Sept. IS, 1819. After receiving a common-school education, he en- tered the counting-house of Daniel Rindge, and became a successful racrch-int. In 1774 Langdon, with John Sullivan and others, se- cured the anus and ainmuiiiticui at ihc furt in Portsmouth ILirbor. In 177-> lie was a delegate to Congress, but in June, 1776, resigned his seat in that body fjr tlie place of navy agent. In 1776-7 he was speaker of the Assembly of N.ll. and judge of C.CP. When means were wanted to support a regt., Langdon gave all his money, pledged his plate, and applied to the same purpose the proceeds of 70 hogsheads of tobacco. A brigade was raised with the means which he furnished, with which Gen. Stark achieve. 1 1,1 lii ii liii: ■ victory at Bennington. Hescrv. 1 I 1 com. of a vol. comp. atBciiiiM^ ,,-::: -1, and R.I. In 1779 he wasCuuLi Lir il .1^ :i[ in N.H. andpres. of the N.H. Convention. In 1783 he was agnin app. delegate to Congress, and was afterwards re- peatedly a member of the legisl. and speaker. egale in lU'- ronvrir : iini ili n I, iin • I ilh' 1 rdiTal Consiitir, , , 111. :, ' I :'iv. of the Sii, , :, , I : - 1 . .1 ■•> - 1 • ..la- tor; g.A :i ::•, r . 1 ■ •, ., I '< ,i'i i ,.1 IMO and l.^ii 111, ill ,, 1 , ,: , , i I 1,11 in vain to .1, , 1 ■ 1 1 , 1 ■ In vicc'pk-.-.' o. inc U. .-3.," I. ..I l.o u._c..u.d the honor. Langdon, SiJinEL, D.D. (U. of Aber- deen), A.A.S., b. Boston, Jan. 12, 1723; d. Nov. 29, 1797. H. U. 1740. Though poor, his talents procured him friends, who exerted themselves to give him a liberal education. He went to Portsmouth and took charge of the grammar school ; was a chaplain at the capture of Louisburg in 1745; became assist, to Mr. Fitch of the First Church, whom he succeeded as pastor Feb. 4, 1747 ; pres. of H. U. Oct. 14, 1774 to 30 Aug. 1780. Installed at Hamp- ton Falls Jan. 18, 1781, and was one of the most useful ministers in the State. A disting. mem- ber of the N.H. convention which adopted the Federal Constitution ; often led its debates, and exerted his in3uence in its favor. He pub. " Ob- servations on the Revelations," 1791; "Re- marks on the Leading Sentiments of Dr. Hop- kins's System of Doctrines," 1794; " Summar ry of Christian Faith and Practice," 1768; and many occas. discourses. In 1761 he .assisted Col. Blanchard in delineating a map of N.H. Langdon, WoODnnKT, bro. of John. Member of the Old Congress 1779-80; judge of the Supreme Court of N.H. 1782 and 1786- 90; counci'ilor 1781-4; b. Portsmouth, N.H., 1739 ; d. there 13 Jan. 1805. Lanman, Charles, author, b. Monroe, Mich., June 14, 1819. Gr.indson of Judge James. Educated at Plainiield Acad., Ct. Was 10 years in a counting-hoitse in N. York, and then engaged in literary pursuits. In 1846 ho edited tho Monroe Gazette, and later v/aa as- soe. editor of the Cincinnati Chronicle. In 1847 he was connected vnth tho N. Y. Express. He was some time private sec. to Daniel AVebstcr; became librarian of the war dept. at Washing- ton in 1 849 ; of the copyright bureau of the state dept. in 1857 ; and of the h. of represen- tatives in 1 860. He has pub. "Essays for Sum- mer Hours," 1842; "A Summer in the Wil- derness," 1847 ; " A Tour to the River Sague- nay," 1848; "Letters from tho Alleghany Moimtains," 1849; "Records of a Tourist," 1850; "Private Life of D.-inicI Webster," 1 852 ; " Adventures in the Wilds of America," 2 vols. 1856; "Dictionary of tho U. S. Con- gress," 6 cds. ; "Life of Wm. Woodbridge," 1867; "Red Book of Michigan," 1871; con- tribs. to periodicals. — Dai/ckincL Lanman, J.vmes, jurist and statesman, b. Norwich, Ct., June 14, 1769 ; d. there Aug. 7, 1841. Y. C. 1788. In 1791 he was adm. to the bar, and settled at Norwich. From 1814 to 1819 he was atty.-gen. of his coimty ; in 1818 a member of the Const. Conv. of Ct. ; in 1817 and 1832 a membjr of the Assembly ; in 1819 State sen.ator; U. S. senator 1819-25; judge of the Superior Court and of tho Court of Er- rors in Ct. 1825-9; and mayor of Norwich in 1831-4. His second wife was the mother of Park Benjamin, well known for his literary at- tainments. Lanman, Joseph, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Ct. July 18, 1810. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1825 ; lieut. Mar. 3, 1835 ; com. Sept. 14, 1355 ; capt. 1861 ; conimo. Aug. 29, 18G2; rear-adm. Dec. 1867. Com. frigate "Minnesota," N. Atl. block, squad., 1864-5; com. 2d division of Potter's squad, at the two attacks on Fort Fisher ; and com. S. Atl. squad., coast of Brazil, 1869-71. — Hamcrshj. Lansing, John, jurist, b. Alb. Jan. 30, 1754 ; d. Dec. 12, 1829. Stud, law with R. Yates in Alb. and Jlr. Dnaue in N.Y. He was milit. sec. to Gen. Schuyler early in the Revol. war , was afterwards 7 years in the State legisl. ; 4 years mayor of Albany ; member Old Congress 1784-8; member of the conv. of 1787 for con- sidering the U.S. Const., which he opposed, leaving the convention ; commissioner in 1790 to settle the Vt. controversy ; app. judge N.Y. Supreme Court Sept. 28, 1790; chief justice Feb. 15, 1798; chancellor of the State from Oct. 21, 1801, to 1814. La Perouse, John Francis Galoup ue, a French navigator, of noble family, b. Albi, 1741 ; d. 1788. Entering the naval service very early, he was employed under D'Estaing in theAmer.war; com. "L'xVmazone" at the siege of Savannah, in Sept. 1779; present nt the taking of Granada; and in 1782 destroyed the English factories in Hudson's Bay. Subse- quentlv sent on a voyage of discovery, he visited the N."W. coast of Auicr.to Bchriiig's Straits ; reached Botany Bay and New Holland in Feb. 528 L,A.S 1788 ; sent home an account of his progress in Mar. 1788; and was never afterward heard from. An exped. under D'Entrecasteaux in 1791 failcdtodiscoverany traces of him; but it has since been satisfactorily settled that his ships were wrecked on islands of the New Hebrides. An account of his voyages was pub. 4 vols. 4to, 1797. Ijapliain,I><'cr.EASE Ai.len, LL.D. (Amh. Coll. 186l>),ii.i:^M,ili I, h I'llmyra, N.Y.,Mar. 7, 1811. 13l; <' i ' II mincer, he was en- gaged on tlir \\ ill Canada, on the Miami Canal, ' ' . i.- ' "'• i ■ ranal around the falls of the Ohio at Louisville. Here, in 1827, he wrote a " Notice of the Louisville Canal and of the Geology of the Vicinity," pub. in Silliman's Journal. Sec. of the 0. Board of ca- nal commiss. 1833-5. He here began the coll. of his herbarium, now numbering ah. 8,000 species; and was one of a com. app. by the O. legisl. to report on the subject of a geol. survey of the State. In 1836 he removed to Milwaukie, where he has since resided, and has held several municipal and other offices. In 1846 he pub. "Wisconsin, its Geography and Topography, History, Geology, and Mincr.alo- Cy," 2d cd. ; and in 1855 a gcol. map of Wis., also his " Antiquiiics of Wisconsin," in the 7th vol. of Smithsonian " Contributions." lie has contiib. much to scientific periodicals, and was the first to ascertain from careful observa- tions that there is a slight lunar tide on Lake Michigan. Pres. of the Wis. Hist. Soe. since 1862. Lareom, Lucy, poet, b. Ms. 1826 was for some years a factory operat Lowell, and while there contrib. to Lowell Offering." She was subsequc teacher in III., and is now one of the edi Our Young FoUcs. Anthor of " Breathings of a Better Life," Boston, 1866; " Poems," 1868. Resides at Beverly Farms. Lardner, James L., rear-adra. U.S.N., b. Pa. Mulshipm. July 28, 1820; lieut. May 17, 1828; com.Nov.21, 1851 ; capt. Mayl9, 1801; commo. July 16, 1862; rear-adm. (retired list) July 25, 1866. Com. schooner "Porpoise," coast of Africa, 1850-3 ; sloop-of-war " Dale," 1853; com. steam-frigate " Susquehanna," at the capture of Port Royal, Nov. 7, 1861 ; com. E.Gulf block, squad. 1862 ; W. L squad. 1864. Now gov. Phila. Naval Asylum. — HamersliJ. Ijarned, Col. Simon, Revol. officer, b. Thompson, Ct., 1754 ; d. Pittsfield, Ms., Nov. 9, 1817. Settled in Pittsfield in 1784. M.C. 1804-5 ; col. 9th U.S. Inf from 1812 to 1815 ; sheriff of Berkshire Co. Lamed, Stltestee, Presb. clergyman, b. Pittsfield, Ms., Aug. 31, 1796; d. N. 'Orleans, Aug. 31, 1820. Mid. Coll. 181.3. Son of Col. Simon. He studied theology at Princeton ; ord. in July, 1817. In the following autumn he proceeded to N. Orleans, by way of Detroit, Louisville, and the Mpi. River, preaching with rare eloquence on his way, and making such a powerful impression in that city, that a church was soon organized, over which he was settled ; but in the summer of 1820 he was carried off by the yellow-fever. A memoir of his life, with a coll. of his sermons, was pub. in 1844 by Rev. R. R. Gurley. She " The itly a ors of Lartigue, James, D.D., R.C. bishop of Montreal, b. there June 20, 1777; d. Apr. 19, 1840. Consec. Jan. 21, 1821. Feb. 1, 1820, made suffragan of Quebec, and bishop of Fel messa in Lycia. He took a vigorous stand in 1837 against Papineau and the revolutionists. La Salle, Robert C.iVEHEn, sieur de, a French explorer, b. Rouen, ab. 1635 ; d. Tex- as, Mar. 20, 1687. He renounced his inherit- ance by joining the Jesuits, but, obtaining his discharge, ab. 1667 embarked for Canada. As a fur-trader at La Chine (which he so named from a cherished project of seeking by w.iy of Canada a passage to China), he explored Lake Ontario, visited the neighboring Indians, estab- lished posts on the upper waters of the St. Lawrence, and was intrusted by Gov. Fronte- n.ac with the fort where the city of Kingston now stands. On returning to France in 1675, he obtained the rank of nobility, and the grant of a large domain around Fort Fronien.ac, and of the exclusive traffic with the Five Nations. He returned from another visit to France, July 14, 1678, with 30 mechanics and mariners; es- tablished a trading-house at Niagara, and Aug. 7, 1679, embarked with his colony in "The Griffin " 60 tons, on the Niagara River, for the valley of the Mpi. Reaching Green Bay Sept. 2, he sent back his bark with a cargo of rich furs, with orders to return immediately. Pro- ceeding with his company in canoes, he formed an alliance with the Illinois Indians on the banks of Lake Peoria, 1,500 miles from the nearest French settlement, and built a fort, which, on account of his anxiety for" The Grif- fin," and the discontent of his company, he named Crevecceur (heart-break). In March, 1680, he returned on foot to Fiontcnac, and learnedof the shipwreck of " The GrilBn,"and of another ship, which had been despatched with resources for him from France. Collect- ing his scattered followers, Feb. 6, 1682, he descended the Illinois to its junction with the Mpi. lie built a fort near the mouth of the Ohio, and a cabin on the first Chickasaw bluff; raised the cross by the Arkansas ; (ilanted the arms of Franco near the Gulf of Mexico ; took possession, in the name of France, of the whole valley; and, Apr. 9, entered the Gulf of Mexi- co, founded the fort of St. Louis, and gave to the adjacent lands the name of Louisiana. He returned to Quebec in Nov. 1 683, and embarked for France, where he received a commission pla- cing the country from Fort St. Louis to New Biscay under his control. An exped. for the colonization of La. with 4 vessels and 280 per- sons left Rochefort Aug. 1, 1684; but dissen- sions at once arose between La Salle and the naval com. Beaujeu. Missing the mouth of the Mpi. he disembarked in Matagorda Bay, losing most of his munitions in a gale. Sick- ness and other causes having reduced their number to 37, he determined, Jan. 12, 1687, to seek by land the Illinois country, and thence to pass to Canada. He set out with 16 men, and reached a branch of the Trinity River. Here the malignity of two men, Dubant and I'Archeveque, who had emliarkod their capital in the enterprise, found-opportunity for gratifi- cation. They quarrelled with and murdered his nephew, and from an ambush shot La Salle dead. — See Memoir in Sparhs's Amer. Biog. vol. i. 2d si-ries ; French's Hist. Colls. La. v. Las Casas, see Casas. Latham, Milton S., statesman, b. Colum- bus, U., May 23, 1827. Jeff. Coll., Pa., 1845. He went to Ala.; studied law, and was clerk of the Hussell Co. Circuit Court in 1848-50 ; removed to Cal. ; was clerk of the recorder's court of San Francisco; dist.-atty. of Sacra- mento and El Dorado counties in 1850-1; M.C. 1853-5; collector of San Francisco 185.5-7; gov. of Cal. iu 1860 ; U.S. senator 1861-7. LathroT), John, D.D. (II. U. 1768; Edinb. 178'5), A.A.S., minister of Boston, b. Norwich, Ct., May 17, 1740; d. Boston, Jan. 4, 1816. N. J. Coll. 17G3. Great-grand- son of John, minister of Scitiiate and Barn- stable 1634-53. He assisted Wheelock in his Indian school at Lebanon, and was ord. May 18, 1768, at the Old North Church, Boston. In 1779, his society having united with Dr. Pemberton's, he became pastor of the Second Church. He was an officer of many literary and charitable societies, and pub. some occa- sional sermons. Lathrop, John, poet, b. Boston, Jan. 13, 1772; d. Georgetown, D.C., Jan. 30, 1820. H.U. 1789. Son of the preceding. He estab- lished himself in the practice of law at Dedliam, Ms., in 1797, but soon located himself in Boston, where he found congenial spirits in Paine, Prentiss, and other poets and wits of the day, contributing with them to the Federal Boston Gazette. The indulgence of his literary tastes interfered with his success in the law; and in 1799, in the hope of improving his fortunes, he went to India. He established a school in Calcutta, and contrib. to the papers. Return- ing in 1809, when politics ran high, his plan of establishing a literary journal was neces- sarily abandoned. He taught a school in Boston several years ; wrote for the papers ; lectured on natural philos., and furnished songs and orations for festive and Masonic occasions. Removing to the South, he continued his prof of instructor, lecturer, and newspaper-writer in Washington and Georgetown, D.C., and obtained a situation in the post office, which his shattered health did not long permit him to occupy. He pub. an oration, July 4, 1796, at Boston, another at Dedham, 4 July, 1798; a Masonic address at Charlestown, June 24, 1811 ; " Speech of Canonieus," a poem, Cal- cutta, 1802, and Boston, 1803 ; " Pocket Regis- ter and Freemason's Anthology," 1813. Lathrop, John Hiram, LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1845), educator, b. Sherburne, N.Y., Jan. 22, 1799; d. Columbia, Mo., Aug. 2, 1866. Y.C. 1819. Tutor 1822-6. Adm. to the bar in 1826 ; he was connected with the Norwich Military Acad, in 1827 ; was principal of the Gardiner, Me., Lyceum two years ; was prof. of math, and nat. philos. in Ham. Coll. in 1829-35, and of law, history, polit. econ., and civil polity from 1835 to 1840 ; prus. of the U. of Mo. from 1840 to Sept. 1849 ; chancellor of the U. of Wis. from Oct. 1849 to 1859; pres. of the Ind. U. in 1859-60 ; prof of Eng- lish Lit. in the U. of Columbia, Mo., in 186U- 2 : and from 1 865 till his death pres. of that institution. — Y. C. Oh. Record. Lathrop, Joseph, D.D. (Y.C. 1791), clergyman, h. Norwich, Ct., Oct. 20, 1731 ; d. W. Springfield, Ms., Dec. 31, 1820. Y.C. 1754. While engaged in teaching school at Springfield, he studied theology ; was licensed, and Aug. 25, 1756, ord. pastor of the Cong, church in W. Springfield, where he continued to preach until, in Mar. 1818, he received a col- league. For nearly 3 years ill health kept him from the pulpit ; and an impostor named John Watkins intruded into his parish, causin'^such disturbance as led him to preach his celebrated sermons, entitled "Wolves in Sheep's Cloth- ing," which have been widclv circulated here anil in Great Britain. In 1792 he was elected a fellow of the Aiad. of Arts and Sciences; in 1793 he di_'cliiKd an invitation to the chair of divinity in Y.C. His sermons were simple, clear, and original. On account of his great reputation for practical wisdom, he was often called upon to settle eccles. difficulties. His 'ks in 7 vols, contain his Autobiography and Lathrop, Capt. Thomas: killed in battle with the Indians near Deertield, Ms., Sept. 18, 1675, in Philip's war. He was a freeman of Salem 1634; repres. 1647, '53, and '64; re- moved to Beverly, and founded a church there, and was representative 4 years. Latimer, William K., comrao. U.S.N., b. Md. Midshipra. Nov. 15, 1809 ; lieut. Feb. 4, 1815; com. Mar. 2, 1833; capt. July 17, 1843; commo. (retired list) July 16, 1862. Com. schooner " Grampus," W.I. squad., 1827- 30 ; steamer " Poinsett," 1840 ; frigate ■ Cum- berland," Medit. squad., 1850-1. — Hamerslij. Latrobe, Benjamin Henry, architect, b. Yorkshire, Eng., May 1, 1767 ; d. Sept. 1320. His father, a Moravian clergyman and author, had him carefully educated at the LeipsicU. In 1785 he served a campaign in tlio Prussian service, and was severely wounded; he resigned; ti-avelled over Europe; returned to England in 1786; became an architect ; and in 1788 was survcvor of the public offices of Lond. Losing his wife, he came for change of scene to Nor- folk, Va., in Mar. 1796; went to Phila. in 1798; built the Bank of Pa., the Schuylkill Water- works, compliHcd the Capitol at Washington; engaged in liiiililini; steamboats at Pittsburg in 1815'; rLlmilt ihc Capitol, which had been burn- ed by the Briiidi ; built the Cathedral and the Exchange at Baltimore in 1817-18; and, en- gaging in the scheme of suppljrtng N. Orleans with water, in 1819 fell a victim to malarious disease. He pub. " Anniv. Ojation before the Soc. of Artists of the U.S., 8 May, 181 1," Phila. Latta, A. B., inventor of the steam fire-en- gine, b. 1821 ; d. Ludlow, Ky., 30 Apr. 1865. Lattimer, Henry, M.D., patriot of the Eevol., b. Newport, Del., April 24, 1 752 ; d. Phila. Dec. 19, 1819. He studied medicine at Phila. and at Edinburgh; and practised on his return until 1777, when, with Dr. Javn^ s Til- ton, he was ai.]). sur-ci.ii ot' the flvin- Iio^pital. After th" war, If ri'tnrn ■:! Imm,., ly.A r sinned practirr, hut Muiitnl it in 17114. M ml; r. if the l-uAJJ 630 Dec. 23, 1814, in the first battle of N. Orleans. Having removed to West Tenn., he became major in Cofl'ee's regt. vol. cav. in 1813; lieut.- col. in his brigade of mounted gunmen; was wonndod in the battle of Talladega with Creek Indians, under Gen. Jackson, Nov. 9, 1813; col. under Jackson in 1814. — Gardner. Laudonniere, RiNE Goulaine de, a French explorer of Florida. Adm. Coligny, having in 1561 formed the design of founding a Prot. colony in Amer., sent from Dieppe (15 Feb. 1562) an expod. under Eibault and Lau- donniere, whose first settlement at Port Royal was, after their return to France, abandoned by the colonists. Apr. 22, 1 564, Laudonniere sailed with 3 ships with assistance for the colony. He landed at the harbor now known as St. Augustine ; afterwards coasted to the north ; and, entering the River St. John's, called by him the River Mary, built Fort Caroline on 1(3 banks. Sept. 20, 1565, the Spaniards, un- der Mcnendez, entered the fort at daybreak, and put. the garrison to the. sword. A few escaped by flight, amon^ them Laudonniere, whose account of the aflair is in Hakluy t. — See also his Hist. Notable de la Floride, &c., Paris, 1586. Launitz, Robert E., sculptor, b. Rus- sia, 1806; d. N. Y. City, 12 Dec. 1870. He came to the U. S. in 1830, and was at one time quartermaster and capt. of engineers in the 7th K. Y. regt. Among his works are the Pulaski Monument, Savannah, Ga., and the statue of Gen. Thomas, now in Troy; also many fine monuments in Greenwood Cemetery. Laurens, Henkt, statesman, b. Charles- ton, S.C, 1724 ; d. there Dec. 8, 1792. His an- cestors were Huguenots. After receiving a good education, he was sent to London to fit him- self for commercial pursuits. On his return he entered into ' " activity, acquired an ampli opponent of the abuses of power, with the crown judges were frequent, especially in respect to their arbitrary decisions in marine law and the Com-ts of Admiraltj; ; and his pam- phlets gave remarkable proof of legal ability. He held a commission in one of the Cherokee campaigns, and loft a diary of the exped. in MS. Having retired from business, he went in 1771 to Europe in order to superintend the edu- cation of his sons, and made the tour of Great Britain. With several other Americans, he endeavored in 1774 by petition to dissuade par- liament from passing the Boston Port Bill, and exerted himself to prevent a war. He arrived in Charleston in Dec. 1774 ; was chosen pres. of the council of safety and of the Prov. Con- gress, and in 1776 a delegate to the Gen. Con- gress ; and was pres. of that body 1 Nov. 1777- 10 Dec. 1778. In 1779 he received the app. of minister-plenipo. to Holland. On his way he was captured by the British, carried to Lond., and committed to the Tower, where he was closely confined for more than 14 months. In Dec. 1781 he was app. by Congress one of the commiss. to negotiate a peace ; and, having re- paired to Paris, he signed (Nov. 30, 1782), with Franklin and Jay, the preliminaries of the trea- ty. His health had been broken by his impris- onment ; and he passed the remaining years of , and, by his industry and fortune. A sturdy his life in agric. pursuits. According to an in- junction contained in his will, his body was burnt, and his bones collected and buried. He left numerous original and valuable papers, a portion of which have been pub. in the Colls. of the S. C. Hist. Society. Laurens, John, a brave Revol. officer, b. 1753; d. Aug. 27, 1782. Son of Henry. Af- ter receiving a liberal education in England, he returned to this country, and joined the army in 1777 as an aide of Washington, and w.is frequently his sec. Laurens requited the pvef- ■ ercnce of Washington with sincere devotion; toiled in his tent till midnight, writing letters and despatches ; was his chief medium of com- munication with the foreigners, French, Ger- man, and Polish, in the service ; rushed between him and danger at Monmouth ; and c.iUcd out and shot Gen. Charles Lee in a duel lor dis- respectful language to his general. His first essay in arms was at Brandywine. At the battle of Germantown he exhibited prodigies of valor in attempting to expel the British from Chew's house, and was severely wounded. At Coosahatchie, defending the pass with a handful of men against the whole force of Prevost, he was again wounded. He headed the light inf, and was among the first to mount the British lines at Savannah; displayed the greatest activity and courage during the siege of Charleston; entered with the forlorn hope the British redoubt carried by storm at Yorktown, and received the sword of the com- mander ; by indefatigable activity thwarted every effort of the British garrison in Charles- ton, confining them for months to the narrow limits of the city and neck ; and, unhappily, at the very close of the war, too carelessly expos- ing himself in a trifling skirmish near Comba- hec, sealed his devotion to his country in death. In the autumn of 1780 ho was sent as a special iiriii:' r n. F iMe to negotiate a loan from the 1, I' ii li -lucess in this mission, which 1- : .':■■■. ne to his country, was due to t'orresp., with llemoir by William Gilmore Siinms, was printed in 1867 for the Bradford Club, N.Y. Lauzun, Akmand Louis de Gontaut, duke de, afterwards Duke de Biron, b. Paris, April 15, 1747; d. Dec. 31, 1793. In conse- quence of a memoir which he had pub. on " L'Eiat de Defense de I'Angleterre," &c., he was charged with an exped. against Senegal and Gambia on the African coast, which he cap- tured Jan. 30, 1779. Greatly reduced in his pecuniary resources in consequence of dissipa- tion, he took the resolution of embarking in the American war. He made himself remarked by his valor and his chivalrous conduct, no less than by his elegant figure and appearance, and with his com., known as " Lauzun's Legion," he took part in the siege of Yorktown. He was an accomplished, but an exceedingly dis- solute and unprincipled man. Deputy of the noblesse to the States-General, he became the confid.int and secret agent of Philip ^fegalite; gen.-in-chief of the Army of the Rhine, July 9, 1792 ; com. of the Army of the Coasts of la Rochelle, May 15, 1793; he applied for dis- charge to the com. of sal^ety, who refused, ap- 531 pealing to his patriotism. He took Saumur; defeated the Vendeans under the walls of Par- thenay, and insisted anew on his dismission. This irritated the committee, who sent him to the puillotine, where he manifested great in- trepidity. Laval, FRANfOis de Montmorency, bishop of Quebec, b. Laval, France, March 23, 1622 ; d. Quebec, May 6, 1708. Ord. priest at Paris, Sept. 23, IGi.'j; became archdeacon of Evreux 1G.53 ; bishop of Petreaand vicar apos- toliqueof New France, July 5, 1658; and bishop of Quebec from Oct. 1674, to Jan. 24, 1688, when he resigned. He arrived at Quebec, June 16, 16.59 ; founded the Sem. of Quebec, March 26, 1663 ; consecrated the Parochial Church of Quebec, July II, 1666 ; and returned to France in 1674. In the spring of 1688 he retired to his sem., to which he made over the whole of his effects. He exercised a powerful influence npon the civil as well as the ecclesiastical affairs of the colony, making and unmaking its gov- ernors at will. — Mortjan. Iiaval, Col. Jacint ; d. Harper's Ferry, Va., Sept. 2, 1822, a. ab. 60. He came to this country in Rochamheau's army as a cornet of dragoons; was subsequently sherifF of Charles- ton, S.C. ; was app. capt. of dragoons U.S.A., May 3, 1808; major, Feb. 1.5, 1809; lieut.-col. (1st Light Dragoons) June 1, 1813 ; col. Aug. 1, 1813; afterwards military storekeeper till his death. Laval, MONTMORENCT M.ATHIEU Pa0I, Locis, vicomte de, afterwards due de, b. 1748; d. Paris, Mar. 1817. Son of Marshal Montmorency. Com. in America, under IJo- channbeau the regt. d'Auvergne, remarkable for the severity of its discipline. His son, Mathieo Jean Felioite Laval Montmorency, due de, who served under his father's orders in America, was wounded in the naval action be- tween Graves and Destouches near Chesapeake Bay, 1781 ; became in 1821 minister of foreign affairs, and d. in 1826, a. 59. Lavalette, Elie a. F., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Va. 1789; d. Pliila. Nov. 19, 1862. App. sailing-master U.S.N. June 25, 1812; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814 ; com. Mar. 3, 1831 ; capt. Feb. 23, 1840; and retired as rear-adm. July 31, 1862. Served under Macdonough on Lake Champlain, Sept. II, 1814; under Com. Shubrick in capturing Mexican towns on the GulfofCal. ; and was img. the capture of Guayraos, Oct. 20, 1847. Lavialle, Pierre Joseph, R.C. bishop of Louisville, b. Mauriac, France, 1820 ; d. near Bardstown, Ky., May 11, 1867. At the age of 23 he came to the U.S. ; was ord. priest, and ofiBciated one year in New York, when he was made prof, of theology in St. Mary's Coll., Lebanon, Ky. From 1855 to 1865 he was pres. of the coll.; and Sept. 24, 1865, was consec. bishop of Louisville. He founded several new educational and benevolent insti- Law, Rev. Andrew, 40 years a music- teacher; d. Cheshire, Ct., July, 1821, a. 73. Brown U. 1775. He invented 4 characters to express always the 4 syllables of music ; pub. "Rudiments of Music," 1783; "The Art of Singing," in 3 parts, 1803 ; " Musical Maga- zine," 1792; "Collection of Hymn-Tunes," 1782. Law (who was authorof " Archdale") and Billings were the earliest known Amer. composers of music. — .See Hood's Hist. Music. Law, Jonathan, statesman and jurist, b. Milford, Ct., Aug. 6, 1674; d. Nov. 6, 1750. H.U. 1695. Grandsonof Richard, an eminent lawyer of Stamford. He began the practice of law in Milford in 1698. In 1706 he was made justice of the peace ; justiceof the quorum 1710; chief judge 1714; assist, from 1717 until chosen dep.-gov. 1725 ; chief justice of the Supreme Court 1725-41 ; and gov. from Mav, 1741, until his death. Law, Richard, LL.D. (Y.C. 1802), jurist, b. Milford, Ct., Mar. 17, 1733; d. New Lon- don, Jan. 26, 1806. Y.C. 1751. Son of Gov. Jonathan Law. Studied law under Hon. Jared Ingersoll ; was soon after the age of 21 adra. to the bar at New Haven, and immediately set- tled at New London, where he became highly disting. in his profession. Chief judge of the New London County Court till app. in May, 1784, to the Superior Court, of which, in May, 1786, he was app. chief judge; app. by Wash- ington dist. judge of Ct., which position he held until death ; member of the council from 1776 to 1786 ; a member of Congress in 1777- 8 and 1781-4; and was mayor of New London from its incorporation in Mar. 1784, until he died! Together with Roger Sherman, lie re- vised, soon after the return of peace, the code of statute laws of the State. At the bar he was disting. more as a learned lawyer, a close logi- cian, a fair special pleader, th.-in as an eloquent orator. Lyman, his son (lawyer, and M.C. 1811-17), d.3 Feb. 1842, a. 71.' Anotherson, Capt. Richard La-vv (midshipm. in the frigate " Trumbull ;" 1779-80, 8 j'earscollector of the port of N. London ; b. there 1762), d. 19 Dee. 1845. Lawranee, John, jurist and statesman, b. Cornwall, Eng., 1750; d. N.Y. Nov. 1810. He came to N.Y. in 1767 ; wasadm. to the bar in 1772; held a commission in the 1st N.Y. regt. in 1775 ; was aide-de-camp to bis father- in-law, Gen. McDougall, and to Washington from Oct. 6, 1777; and afterward judge advo- cate at the trial of M.aj. Andre. In 1783 he resumed practice in N.Y ; member of the Old Congress 1785-6; State senator 1789; M.C. 1789-93; judge of the U.S. Dist. Court of N.Y. 1794-6; and U.S. senator 1796-1800, presiding over that body in 1798. He was a zealous and able defender of the measures of Washington, and was the personal and political friend of Hamilton. Upon the questions of neutrality, currency, finance, and especially the commercial interests of the country, he evinced great comprehensiveness and foresight. Lawrence, x\bbott, LL.D. (H.U. 1854), an eminent citizen and merchant of Ms., b. Groton, Dec. 16, 1792; d. Boston, Aug. 18, 1855. Son of Sara'l( 1754-1 827), a Revol. offi- cer. He was educated at Groton Acad. ; went to Boston in 1808, and became a clerk in the dry- goods store of his bro. Amos. Adm. a partner in 1814, they for many years prosecuted a very extensive importing business, and laid the foundations of their several fortunes. He was the travelling partner, and visited Europe a 532 LA-^^V number of times ; subsequently became one of the foremost men in building; up American manufactures, and the fiourisliins city of Law- rence was the oifsprinj; of his enterprise. He was from an early period of his life a zealous advocate of the protective system. In 1827 he was a delegate to the Harrisburg convention, to consider the manufacturing interests of the country; in 1831 served in the common coun- cil of Boston; M.C. 1835-7 and 1839-41 ; in 1842 he was app. a coramiss. to arrange the north-eastern boundary question ; minister to Eng. 1849-Oct. 18.52. He founded the Law- rence Scientific School in Cambridge, to which he gave 8100,000. He established prizes for the deserving scholars of the pulilic schools, and always gave generously to chnrchcs and to religious and charitable associations. His son Timothy Bigelow, b. Boston, 23 Nov. 1826. H.U. 1846. Allach^at London 1849- 55 ; consul-gen. to Italv from 1862 to his d. at Washington, 21 Mar. 1869. Lawrence, Amos, a philanthropic mer- chant of Boston, b. Groton, Ms., Apr. 20, 1786; d. Boston, Dec. 31, 1852. After an academic ediiration in his native town, he commenced business in Boston in 1807; formed a partner- ship with his bro. Abbott under the firm of A. and A. Lawrence, Jan. 1, 1814, and for 39 years was a leading memlier of the mercantile community, acquiring a largo fortune, which he employed in many acts of unsurpassed lib- erality. Besides his constant private charities, he gave munificently to the cause of education and religion. To Wms. Coll. he gave at dif- ferent times an aggregate of near $40,000. The aead. at Groton was also liberally assisted by him. To the fund for the erection of BunkiT-hill Monument he contributed at one time SIO.UUO, and sums at other times to nearly or quite an equal amount. His personal exer- tions did much towards awakening the spirit which secured its completion. He was in 1821 a member of the State legisl. Mr. Lawrence was imbued with the true spirit of Christian benevolence. Modest and unassuming in his deportment, his immense charities, which in the aggregate amounted to several hundreds of thousands of dollars, were noiselessly dispensed. " Extracts from the Diary and Correspond- ence of Amos Lawrence," with a memoir by his son, W. R. Lawrence, was pub. 1855. Lawrenoe, Charles, a British gen. ; d. Halifax, N.S., Oct. 19, 1760. Made a member of the council of N.S. July 31, 1749 ; being then a major in the army. In the spring of 1750 he was sent to reduce the French at Chigneeto ; but they burned their town, and retired to the woods ; in the-course of the sum- n'i'>r he returned to the attack, and erected a fort at the head of the Bay of Fundy, called Fort Lawrence. On the retirement 'of Gov. Hopson in 1753 he administered the govt.; was app. licut.-gov. 1754, and gov. in 1756. In Sept. 1757 he was app. a col. com. of the 60th regt., and brig, in Amer. Dec. 31. In Loudon's campaign of 1757 he com. the reserve, and at the siege of Louisburg, in 1758, the 2d bri- gade. Lawrence, James, capt. tr.S.N. b. Bm-- Ungton, a. J., Oct. 1, 1781 ; d. June 5, 1813. His father, John Brown Lawrence, was a mcra- ber of the council, a disting. lawyer, and a loy- alist. James early manifested a strong predi- lection for the sea ; and after the death of his father, who designed him for the law, he en- tered the navy as a midshipman Sept. 4, 1798; April 6, 1802, he was promoted to liont. ; and in 1803, in the schooner "Enterprise," took a disting. part in the destruction of " The Phila- delphia, frigate, and in the bombardment of Tnpoli; transferred to the frigate "John Ad- ams" in 1808 ; promoted to master-com. Nov. 3, 1810. Feb. 24, 1813, in " The Hornet," he fell in with the brig "Peacock," Capt. Peake, which he took after an action of 15 minutes. She sunk before all the prisoners could be re- moved. Capt. Mar. 4, 1813, and ordered to Boston to take com. of the frigate " Chesa- peake." June 1, 1813, he sailed out of the har- bor, and engaged tlio British frigate " Shan- non." After the ships had exchanged several broadsides, and Lawrence had been wounded, the British boarded, and, after a desperate re- sistance, sueceadcd in taking possession of the ship. Almost all the officers of " The Chcsa^ peake" were either killed or wounded. The last exclamation of Lawrence, as they were carry- ing him below after the fatal wound, was, " Don't give up the ship ! " " The Shannon " was a thoroughly disciplined ship ; " The Chesapeake," on the other hand, had arrived at Boston 2 months before from a cruise ; and the men had been much on shore, indulging free- ly in dissipation. Capt. Lawrence, having been bat a few days in com., was a stranger to hia crew, among whom some disalfection existed in consequence of unpaid prize-money. Lawrence, Jonathan, poet, b. N. York, 19 Nov. 1807; d. Apr. 26, 1833. Col. Coll. 1823. He practised law; but the high expecta- tions formed of him were cut short by his early death. His writings in prose and vci-se were collected and pub. by his bro. in 1833. — See Griswold's Poets and Poetry of Amer. Lawrence, Wiloaji, col. U.S.A., b. Cal- vert Co., Md.: d. Wasliington, D.C., Jan. 1841. Entering the 4th Inf. June 8, 1801, ho was adj. Jan. 1807 ; capt. Jan. 1810; maj. 2d Inf. Apr. 1814 ; brev. lieut.-col. for defence of Fort Bow- ycr, Sept. 15, 1814; again attacked in Feb. 1815, badly wounded, and compelled to surren- der; lieut.-col. May, 1818; col. 5th Inf. Aug. 1828; resigned July, 1831. Lawrence, William, jurist and politi- cian, b. Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, June 26, 1819. Frankl. Coll., O., 1838; Cin. Law School, 1840. He rose to distinction at the bar of MeConnels- ville, but subsequently settloil at P.i lle'.oiitiiin'', where he had an extensive ina'ti'-e. rru> c. atty. for Logan Co. 1S4J ; alitor and jiroiiric- tor of the Logan Gazette 1845-7 ; Stale repre- sentative 1847-9; State senator 1849-51 and '54-5, where he advocated and carried bills to quiet land titles and for the establishment of a Kefomi School ; reporter of the O. Sup. Court 1851, and compiled vol. xx. Ohio Reports; judge C.C.P. 1856-64; M.C. 1865-71. Served as col. 84th O. regt. at Cumberland and New Creek in 1862. Author of the Free Banking Law of Ohio ; and h.as prepared a work on the "Ohio CivU Code," and on the "Law of Interest and Usury." He at one time edited the Western Law Monthlif. Lawrence, William Beach, LL.D., au- d'l^C /^//thor, b. New York, Oct. 23, 1800. Col. Coll. 1818. After a course of legal and hist, study at Paris, he became a councillor of the N.Y. Sup. Court in 1823 ; sec. of leaation, at Lond. 1825; charqi d'affaires 1327-8; liout.-gov. of IM. 1851-2 ; and tor a portion of the time gov. of the State. Author of an " Address bef. the H.Y. Acadcmjr of Fiue Arts," 1826; transla- tion of Marbois' Hist, of La., with Essay and Notes, 1830; "Discourse bef. the N.Y. Hist. Soc," 1832, and other papers in the "Proceed- ings " of the society, of which he was vice-pres. in 1836-45; "Two Lectures on Polit. Econo- my," 1832; "Bank of the U.S.," 1831 ; "In- quiry into the Causes of the Public Distress," N.Y. 1834; "Discourses and Ueviews on Po- lit. Economy," 8vo, 1834; "History of the North-eastern Boundary Negotiations," 1841 ; "Memoir of Albert Gallatin," 1843; "The Colonization and Subsequent History of New Jersey," 1843; " The Law of Charitable Uses," N.Y. 1845 ; Lives of Reuben H. Walcot and Charles O'Connor, 1848; "Maine Law Speech in the R. I. Senate," 1852 ; " Vi-itation and Search," 1853; an nd. of Wheaton's "Intern. Law, with Addit. Notes," &c., Boston, 1855. Contrib. to many joui'nals and periodicals. — AUibone. Lawson, James, author and editor, b. Glasgow, Scotland, Nov. 9, 1799. U. of Glas- gow. He came to America at the closeof 1815, and entered the counting-house of a maternal uncle at N.Y. Ho wrote for the N. Y". Litcranj Gazelle ; was associate editor of the Morniiiij Courier (1827-9), and also of the Mercantile Adoertiser (1829-33). He has since pursued the business of marine insurance in New York. His publications are " Tales and Sketches by a Cosmopolite," 1830; and "Giordano," a trage- dy, first performed at the Park Theatre, Nov. 1323; contrib. of criticism, essays, tales, and verse to the periodicals of the day ; and has been much connected with the drama in N. Y. — Vujchinch. Lawsoa, Johx, surveyor-gcn. and histori- an, b. Scotland; burned at the stake by the Indi- /ans of N.C. 171^.' Hi began his surveys in 1703; and was Sin intelligent observer, enter- prising and circumspect, but fell a victiui to the jealousy of the natives. He was taken by them during one of his explorations, wlicn in company with De Graifenried, a Swiss baron, who contemplated colonization. The latter was permitted to purchase freedom. He left a val- uable history of the Carolinas, entitled "A New Voyage to Cai-olina, containing the Ex- act Description and Natural History of that Countrv,"'&c., pub. Loudon, 1703, 4to, and Raleigh, 12mo, 1860. Lawson, Gex. Robert, Rcvol. officer ; d. Richmond, Va., Apr. 1805. Major 4tli Va. re|t. 13 Feb. 1776; col. in 1777; and com. a brigade of Va. militia under Greene at the bat- tle of Guilford.— 5ee Nat. Intell. Oct. 27, 1802. Lawson, Thomas, brcv. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Va. App. surgeon's mate U.S.N. March 1, 180D; surgeon 6th Inf. May, 1813; surgeon- gen, (rank of col.) Nov. 30, 1836 ; lieut.-col. of P. F. Smith's regt. of La. vols, in Fla. war, 1837 ; and com. a batt. N.Y. and Pa. vols, till May, 1838; brev. bri^-.-gen "for meritorious conduct" in the Mexican war, May 30, 1848. Author of " Report on Sickness and Mortality U.S.A. 1819-39," 8vo, 1840; "Meteorological Register 1826-30, and Appendix for 1822-5," 8vo, Phila. 1840. Lawton, Alexander Robeet, general C.S.A., b. S.C. ah. 1820. West Point, 1839; Camb. Law School, 1842. Entering the 1st Art., he resigned Dec. 31, 1840; adiu. to the bar at Savannah in 1842; and became col. in the State mLitia. In 1849-54 he was pres. of the Savannah and Augusta Railroad ; member Ga. legisl. 1855-6; State senator 1854-61; pres. Ga. Democ. convention 1860. In 1861 he entered the service of Ga. ; but was subse- quently transferred to the Confed. army, in which he was made brig.-gen. Lay, Benjamin, a benevolent and eccen- tric Quaker, b. Eng. 1681 ; d. Abinijton, Pa., 1 760. Bred to the sea. He settled in Barba- docs ab. 1710; but became obnoxious to the inhabitants by his condemnation of slave-own- ing ; left the island, and settled at Abington, near Phila. In 1737 he wrote a treatise entitled " All Slave-Keepers that keep the Innocent in Bondage Apostates." It was printed by Frank- lin, who told the author that it was deficient in aiTangement. " It is no matter," said Mr. Lay, " print any part thou pleasest fii-st." Temperate in his diet, he declaimed against the introduction of tea as a pernicious herb. He distributed religious boolis as prizes to school- children, also imparling to them advice and in- struction. All his clothes were manufactured by himself. His bold, determined, and uniform reprehension of slavery, in defiance of public opinion, docs him the highest honor. — See Rush's Essaus, and Wharton's Notes on the Lit. of Pa. Laye, Francis, a British gen. of art. ; d. Newcastle-on-Tyne, Jan. 29, 1828. A lieut. of art., he was ordered to N. York in 1773; was wounded at Bunker's Hill ; was in the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Fort Washing- ton, Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, and in Gen. Leslie's exped. to Va. Joining Lord Rawdon, he was severely wounded at Camden ; received the special thanks of that officer, and was ordered home, lie com. the art. in the West Indies in 1800 ; and served in the capture of the islands by the cxped. under Admiral Duckworth and Gen. Trigge. Layne, Charles, b. Albemarle, near Buck- ingham Co., 1700; d. CampbeU Co., Va., May 17, 1821, aged 121. He left a widow aged 110 ycai-s, and a numerous and respectable laraily down to the 3d and 4th generations. Until the last few years of his life he enjoyed all his fac- ^ ulties, with vigorous bodily health. p J I Lea, Henry Caket, son of Isaac, and W'i- *'» ^' grandson of Mathcw Carey, b. Phila. 1 9 Sept. 1825. Present representative of the pub.-)iouse established by Mathcw Carey and Sons at the close of the last century. Author of " Super- stition and Force," &c., 1866; "Studies in Church History," &c., 1869; " Hist, of Clerical Celibacy." Lea, Isaac, LL.D. (U.U. 1852), naturalist, LEA. 534 b. ■Wilmington, Del., Mar. 4, 1792. His an- cestors were ministers in ihe Society of Friends. Placed at the age of 15 with his elder bro., a merchant in Phila., he occupied his leisure in collecting minerals, fossils, &c. In 1815 he be- came a member of the Acad, of Nat. Sciences of Phila., and shortly after pub. his first paper in the Journal of tite Acad., describing the mm- erals in the neighborhood of Phila. In 1821 he joined the publishing-firm of his father-in- law, Mathew Carey, retiring from it in 1851. In 1827 he began a scries of memoirs on new forms of fresh-water and land shells, which have been continued to the present time. In 1832 he visited Europe, and in 18.33 pub. " Contributions to Geology," describing 228 species of tertiary fossils from Alabama. Mr. Lea has contemplated the publication of a large work on the unioyndce of the U.S. He is a member of many learned bodies in Europe and Amcr. In Dec. 1858 he was elected pres. of the Acad, of Natural Sciences of Phila. He has also pub. " Description of a New Ge- nus of the Family Melaniana," 1851 ; " Fossil Footmarks in the Red Sandstones of Potts- ville; " and " Synopsis of the Family of Naia- des," 1 852. — See list of 55 of his p'u bs. in Al- Liea, Thomas Gidson, botanist (1785- 1844); left "A Catalogue of Plants, Native and Naturalized, collected in the Vicinity of Cincinnati, O.," which was pub. by W. S. Sullivant, 1849. Leake, Walter, gov. of Mpi. 1821-25, b. Va. ; d. Mt. Salus, Hines Co., Mpi., Nov. 17, 1825. A .•soldier of the Revol., and U.S. sena- tor from 1817 to 1820. Learning, Jeremiah, D.D. (Y.C. 1789), Epis. clergyman, b. Middletown, Ct , 1719; d. N. Haven, Sept. 15, 1804. Y.C. 1745. Ord. 1748. He preached 8 years at Newport, R. I., 21 years at Norwalk, Ct. ; and at Stratford 8 jrears. ■ the Revol. he was confined : jail as a Tory, and contracted a disease of the hip, crippling him for life. In 1783 he declined the episcopacy of Ct. on account of infirmity. He wrote Defences of the Epis. Govt, of the Church, 1766 and 1770 ; " Evidences of Chris- tianity," 1785; "Dissertations," 1789. ' Dr. L. was at one time thought of for the oflSce of first bishop of the Amer. Epis. Church. Lear, Tobias, diplomatist, b. Portsmouth, N.H., Sept. 19, 1762; d. Washington, D.C., Oct. 10, 1816. H.U. 1783. In 1785 he be- came private sec. to Gen. Washington, and was most liberally remembered bv him in his will. In 1801 he was made consul-gen. at St. Domingo ; and from 1804 to 1812 was consul- gen, at Algiers, and cnmmiss. to conclude a peace with Tripoli. The latter duty he per- formed in 1805, much to the dissatisfaction of Gen. Eaton, who was gaining important ad- vantages over the Tripolitans. Lear's conduct was approved by his govt., though much blamed by a portion of the public. At his decease he was an accountant in the war dep.irtment. Learned, Ebenezer, brig.-gin. Revol. ar- my; d. O.xibrd, Ms., Apr. 1, ISOl, a. 73. A capt. in the old French war (1756-63). He marched to Cambridge with his regt. (3d) the day after the battle of Lexington. After the removal of the army to N.Y., he became af- flicted with disease, and in May, 1776, request- ed permission to retire from the service. Apr. 2, 1777, Congress app. him a brig.-gen. ; but, his health gradually sinking, he was permitted, Mar. 24, 1778, to retire from the army. Dec. 7, 1795, his name was placed upon the pension- list. At the first battle of Stillwater, Sept. 19, 1777, he com. the centre ; in Aug. previous, he marched his brigade to the relief of Fort Schuy- ler ; he was at Valley Forge in the following winter. Leavenworth, Henrv, brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ct., Dec. 10, 1783 ; d. Cross Timbers, near the False Wachita, July 21, 1834. At the com- mencement of the war of 1812 he was assoc. with Gen. Root in the practice of law. App. from N.Y. capt. 25th Inf. Apr. 1812 ; mnj. 9th Inf. Aug. 15, 1813; com. his regt. and brcv. lieut.-col. and col. for distinguished services at Chippewa, July 5, 1814; and at Niagara Falls, where he was wounded, July 25, 1814 ; lieut.-col. 5th Inf. Feb. 10, 1818 ; com. and dis- ling. in the exped. against the Arickaree Indi- ans, 700 miles above Council Bluffs on Mo. Ri- ver; brev.brig.-gen. July 25, 1824; col. 3d Inf. Dec. 16, 1825. Heestablishcd various military posts on our Western frontier, one of which, now the flourishing city of Leavenworth, Kan., perpetuates his name. Leavitt, Dudley, extensively known in N.H. as "Old Master Leavitt," having been its almanac-maker above half a century, com- mencing in 1797; b. Exeter, May 23, 1772; d. Meredith, Sept. 15, 1851. Heformerly kept school in winter ; worked on his farm through- out the year ; made almanacs, arithmetics, grammars, &c., in long winter evenings. He edited the Gilmanton Gazette in 1800; and in 1811 began the N.H. Register, which he edited some years. In 1806 he removed to Meredith. Leavitt, Rev. Joshua, b. Franklin Co., N.Y., 1794. Y.C. 1814. Adm. to the bar 1819; ord. 1825. Has pub. " Easy Lessons in Heading," 1823; "Christian Lvre," 1831; " Series of Readers," 1 847. Ed. Sailo,-'s Mag., N.Y. Evangelist, N.Y. Independent, &C. — AI- Leehford, Thomas, a lawyer from Lon- don, the first who came to N.E. intending to pursue the profession ; lived in Boston from 1638 to 1641. He returned to Eng., dissatis- fied with the country, and pub. " Plaine Deal- ing, or Newes from New England's Present Government, Ecclesiastical and Civil, Com- pared," &c., Lond. 1642 (new ed. with introd. and notes by J. Hammond Trumbull, 1867); . " New England's Advice to Old England," 4to, 1644. He is said to have d. soon after the pub. of this book. — See Hutchinson's Hist. Mass. Bay. Le Clear, Thomas, painter, b. Owego, N.Y., March 11, 1818. In early youth he evinced his artistic skill, and ])ractised por- traiture in various places, until in 1839 he came to N.Y. City, where his picture called "Rep- rimand " attracted attention. In 1844-60 he painted portraits in Buffalo, and has since re- sided in N.Y. Among his portraits is " D. S. Dickinson," Edwin Booth as Hamlet, e.x-Pres. Fillmore, Col. Thorpe, Col. Porter, McEntee, and Hubbard, artists ; and of his compositions, LKC 535 "The Marble-Players," "Young America," and " The Itinerants," are best known. — Tuckennan. Iieclercq, Chretien, French missiona- ry, b. Artois, ab. 1630. Sent to Canada in 1655, where he labored many years. After his return to France, he pub. histories of the French Colonies in New France, and of La Salle's Exped. to Explore the Mpi., 1691. Le Conte, John Eaton, naturalist, b. near Shrewsbury, N. J., Feb. 22, 1784; d. Phila. Nov. 21, 1861). He entered the engr. corps in 1818, but resigned Aug. 20, 1831, hav- ing attained the rank of major. His principal publications are, " Monographs of the N. American Species of Utricularia, Gratiola, and Euellia; " " Observations of the N. American Species of Viola;" "Descriptions of the Species of N. American Tortoise " (in " An- nals of N.Y. Lyceum of Nat. Hist.") ; " A Monography of N. American Histeroides " (Boston Journal of Nat. Hist.) ; " Descriptions of Three New Species of Auricula, with Re- marks upon other N. American Rodents " (Proceedings of Phila. Acad, of Nat. Sciences). He was vice-pres. of the Amer. Acad, of Nat. Sciences, and had a high reputation for ac- curacy as a naturalist. Le Conte, John L., M.D., naturalist, son of the preceding, b. N.Y. May 1.3, 1825. N.Y. Coll. Phys. and Surg. 1846. He made scientific journeys to Lake Superior and the Upper Mpi. in 1844, to the Rocky Mountains in 1845, and to Lake Superior again in 1846. Tn 1848 he made a third journey to this lake, in company with Agassiz and others, and con- Irib. the account of the coleopiera to the vol. giving the results of the exped. In 1849-51 he was in Cal., and explored the Colorado River. He has contrib. many papers, chiefly on coleoyterous insects, to the Transactions of various learned societiesand to the Smithsonian " Contributions to Knowlcd'ie." — Appleton. Le Conte, Joseph, M.D., naturalist and physician, b. Liberty Co., Ga., 1823. In 1851 he accomp. Prof. Agassiz on a scientific tour toFla. ; and in 1856 became prof, of chemistry and geology in S.C. Coll. He has pub. seveial chemical and geological works. Lederer, John, the first explorer of the Alleghanies, wrote in Latin an account of bis " Three Several Marches from Va. to the West of Carolina, and Other Parts of the Continent, begun in March, 1669, and ended in Sept. 1670," translated by Sir William Talbot, and pub. in Lond. 1672. — Dui/ckinclc. Ledyard, John, traveller, b. Groton, Ct., 1751 ; d. Cairo, Egypt, Jan. 17, 1789. He passed some time at Dartm. Coll. to fit him- self for a missionary to the Indians, and spent several months among the tribes of the Six Nations, but, impelled by a restless spirit of adventure, shipped at N. London as a common sailor, and, being in London when Cook was starting on his last voyage around the world, embarked with him as a corporal of marines. He kept a journal of this voyage, a brief sketch of which was pub. in Hartford in 1783. He made several fruitless efforts to set on foot a trading exped. to the N.W. coast, and went to Europe in June, 1784. He then undertook a journey through Northern Europe and Asia, and across Behring's Straits to the western hemisphere. Sir Joseph Banks and others gave him a small supply of money ; and in the latter part of 1786 he departed. Arriving at Stockholm, he walked around the whole coast of the Gulf of Bothnia, reaching St. Petersburg in the latter part of March, 1787, without money, shoes, or stockings. This jour- ney, of upward of 1,400 miles, took less than 7 weeks. Proceeding on his way to Siberia, he was arrested at Irkootsk, Feb. 24, 1788, by order of the empress, conducted to the frontier of Poland, and dismissed with an intimation that he would be hanged if he re-entered Rus- sia. This arrest is supposed to have been caused by the jealousy of the Russian-American Trad- ing Company. Ledyard found his way back to London, "disappointed, ragged, and penniless," and at once accepted an offer to explore the interior of Africa. Leaving Eng. in the latter part of June, he was attacked at Cairo by a bilious disorder, which put an end to his life. For capacity, endurance, and resolution, he was most remarkable. He said of himself, " I have known both hunger and nakedness to the utmost extremity of human suffering. I have known what it was to have food given me as charity to a madman ; and I have at times been obliged to shelter myself under the miseries of that character to avoid a heavier calamity." Some of his manuscripts were printed in Lon- don a few years after his death in the Mem- oirs of the Society instituted for encouraging Discoveries in the Interior of Africa. Many extracts from bis journal, and his private cor- resp. with Jefferson and others, are given in Sparks's "Life of Ledyard." Ledyard, William, col. in the Revol. army, b. Groton. Ct., 1738; d. Sept. 6, 1781. Bru. Ml the |inci iIiiil;. During the marauding expiil. ni AriM,:,| -|,,ng the coast of Ct., Col. L. Willi i:,7 mil I riaiii.'ii, hastily collected, threw him^i-li iiitn Fui t ( .1 iswold,oppo.siteN. London, when it was attacked by the British colonel, Eyre, with 800 men. After a biave resistance, and a loss of 200 men inflicted on the enemy, the work was carried by assault, and its gallant defenders put to the sword. The Tory major, Bromfield, on receiving Ledyard's sword, de- liberately ran him through the body, killing him on the spot. A monument commemorates the event and locality. His widow d. Phila. Nov. 8, 1848, a. 90. Lee, Alfked, D.D. (Trin. Coll. 1841), Prot.-Ep. bishop of Del., b. Cambridge, Ms., Sept. 9, 1807. H.U. 1827. He studied law; was adm. to the New London bar in 1830; and practised in Norwich in 1831-3. He then stu- died in the Gen. Theol. Sem. in N.Y. ; was ord. deacon in June, 1S37; priest, June, 1838; was pastor of Calvary Church, Rockdale, Del. Co., Pa., from Sept. 1838 to Sept. 1841 ; and was conscc. bishop Oct. 12, 1841 ; rector of St. Andrew's Church, Wilmington. Author of a " Life of the Apostle Peter," 135-2 ; " Life of St. John," 1854; "Treatise on Baptism," 1854 ; " Memoir of Miss Susan Allibone," 8vo, 1856; "The Harbinger of Christ," 12mo, Lee, Ann, founder of the sect of Shaking LBK 536 Quakers in tliis country, b. Manchester, Eng., Feb. 29, 1736; d. Watervliet, N.Y., Sept. 8, 1784. She was employed in a cotton-factory, and afterwards as a cook in the Manchester Infirmary; m. a blacksmith named Stanley; and in 17.53 joined tlic small society formed by James and jane Wardley, Quakers, the origi- nators of the sect of Shakers in Eng. Ab. 1770 she began to testify against the wickedness of marriage as " the root of human depravity," and was confined for several weeks in a mad- house. She came with some of her followers to New York in 1774; and in the spring of 1776 established herself at Watervliet, near Albany, at which time she became their recog- nized iiead. She was charged with witchcraft, and, being opposed to war, was accused of secret corresp. with the British. A charge of high treason was preferred against her, and she was impri.soncd at Albany and in the Poughkeopsie jail until her release by Gov. Clinton in 1777. Returning to Watervliet, her followers greatly increased. In 1780, during a religious revival in New Lebanon and several adjoining towns, under the influence of Ann Lee, many persons were converted to the doctrines of the Shakers. In this movement originated the flonrishing society at New Lebanon. In 1781-.3 Ann Lee, and the elders of the society at Watervliet, made a missionary journey through N.E., in the course of which societies were founded in Har- vard, Ms., and other places. So great were the spiritual gifts she was believed to possess, that she was acknowledged a spiritual mother in Christ. Hence lier name of " Mother Ann." — See Millennial Church pub. b,/ the Shakers. Lee, Arthur, Lr>.D. (H.U. 1789), diplo- matist of the Revol., the youngest of 6 disting. brothers, b. Westmoreland Co., Va., 20 Dee. 1740 ; d. 14 Dec. 1792. Educated at Eton and the U. of Edinburgh, he took the degree of M.D. in 17C5; made the tour of Europe; and, returning to Va., practised at Williamsburg with success. Determining to be a lawyer, he went to Eng. to study the profession in 1766; joined the society of suj)porters of the bill of rights ; engaged in a literary controversy with "Junius," and, under the signature of " Junius Aniericanus," wrote political articles that pained Iriin the acquaintance of Johnson, Burke, Dr. Price, and other eminent men. In 1769 he |)ub. "The Monitor's Letters," in vin- dication of colonial rights. Adm. to the bar in 1770, and app. by the Ms. Assembly agent, in case of the absence or death of Dr. Frank- lin, he co-operated with him, and received in 1784, for his services to the State, 4,000 acres of land. In 1774 he pub. at Paris " An Appeal to the People of Great Britain," which was ascribed to Lord Chatham. Appointed in Nov. 1775 the London correspondent of Congress. In Aug. 1775 he presented the second petition of Congress to the king. App. in Sept. 1776 one of the commiss. to France, and at the same time agent for Va., he succeeded in procuring for that State, from the royal arsenals, warlike stores to the value of nearly £-260,000. In May, 1777, Congress app. him sole commiss. to Spain, still retaining him on the French commiss. He presented to the Spanish Govt, an eloquent memoir ou " The Present State of the Dispute between America and Great Britain," and finally procured a large money loan. He next went to Berlin, where he was permitted to reside in a private capacity, and to correspond secretly with the court, from whom he received friendly assurances. Dis- cord arising between Lee and the other com- missioners, factions were created in Congress which endangered the cause ; and Lee became the bitter enemy of Franklin, whom he falsely charged with connivance at fraud and corrup- tion, and with being under French influence. Lee was envious of the superiority of Franklin, whom he persistently libelled in his letters to Congress. When, in 1779, it was determined to send a minister to Spain, Lee, though nominated, was not app. He then resigned ; returned home in Aug. 1780; communicated his views to Congress ; and also pub. " Ex- tracts from a Letter to Congress in Answer to a Libel by Silas Deane," Deane in a published address having charged Lee with obstructing the alliance with France, and disclosing the secrets of Congress to British noblemen. Mem- ber of the Va. Assembly in 1781 ; member of Congress in 1782-5; delegate to treat with the northern Indians in 1784; and member of the treasury board in 1785-9, whence he retired to a farm on the Rappahannock. He was a pure patriot ; a man of polite manners, but of strong passions, and a jealous and melancholy temperament. His " Life and Corresp. " was pub. by his grand-nephew, R. H. Lee, 2 vols. 1829. Lee, Charles, maj.-gen. Revol. armv, b. Dernhall, Cheshire, Eng., 1731 ; d. Phila. 2 Oct. 1782. Son of Col John Lee. Entering the army at an early age, he came in 1754 to Amer. ; served under Braddock in the disas- trous defeat of the Monongahela, and, in com. of a comp. of grenadiers, was wounded in the unsuccesslul assault on Ticondcroga. He dwelt for a time with the Mohawk Indians, who made him a chief, and named him in their language " Boiling Water." In 1762 he dis- ting. himself in Portugal under Burgoyne ; in 1768 the King of Poland app. him a maj.-gen., but he soon returned to Eng.; and in 1772 was made a lieiu.-col., and placed on half-pay. He wrote ou the side of the Americans in their dispute with the British ministry, with whom he became still more itnbittered on failing to obtain promotion. After some years of travel in Europe, he killed an Italian oHicer in a duel, and in the summer of 1773 came to New York. He travelled through the Colonies, encouraging the Americans to resist, and pur- chased lanil in Berkeley Co., Va. Made maj.- gen. 17 June, 1775, by Congress, he resigned bis iTHiiiniss ill the British service, accomp. \V:i '"11 II I" r.ii-ton, and in Feb. 1776 took cl) M ' : L' of N. York. Sent soon alir- , ;i ■ . i; ; . ■ Mii-f of the southern dept. to the C.auliii.i.i, 111- iiilused order and confidence everywhere, and received a great accession of military reputation from the successful defence of Fort Moultrie, to which, however, he con- tributed very slightly. He then visited Ga., which he assisted in fortifying, and returned north in season to procure' the withdrawal of the army from a position of great hazard. 537 LKE Left in Westchester Co. with a force of 3,000 men, he seems to have been actuated riom that time solely by the desire to gratify his own personal ambition at any cost. Notwithstand- ing the earnest appeal from Washington to join him in N. Jersey, he lingered, hoping an opportunity would present itself to make an in- dependent demonstration on the enemy's flank. He was taken prisoner by Col. Harcourt, while lying carelessly guarded at a considerable dis- tance from the main body, 13 Dec. 1776. Mar. 29, 1777, while a prisoner, he proposed a plan for subjug.iting the States, and addressed it to Gen. Howe. In May, 1778, he was exchanged for Gen. Prcscott. At the battle of Monmouth, 23 June, 1778, Lee was ordered to attack the rear ol Clinton's army, which was retreating through N.J. Outmanoeuvred by the latter, he ordered a retreat, which soon became disorder- ly. Washington met him at this juncture, and reprimanded him. Lee replied in improper language, but executed the subsequent orders of VVashington with courage and ability. Lee, after the battle, addressed a disrespectful letter to Washington, and 12 Aug. 1778, was sen- tenced hy a court-martial to be suspended li-om the army for a year, which sentence was con- firmed by Congress. Lee pub. a defence of his conduct, in which ho aiiused Washington. This led to a duel with Col. Laurens, In which Lee was wounded. Lee then retired to his estate in Berkeley Co., Va., where he amused himself with his books and dogs, writing also some political and military queries, afterward pub. in Baltimore. A vol. of his Essays and Corresp. was pub. in 1792. lie is said to have claimed tlie authorship of Junius's Letters, and an attempt was made by Dr. Thos. Girdlcstone to prove Lee and Junius identical. Lee was brave, " plain in his person to a degree of ugliness, careless even to unpoliteness, his garb ordinary, his voice rough, his manners rather severe, yet sensible, learned, judicious, and penetrating." — ^>>e Memo'.rs of Lee bij E. Laii. 1850. M. at Cincinnati to H. W. Lee of Vicksburg. la conjunction with her sister, Mrs. Catharine Ann Warlield, she pub. " The Wife of Leon and other Poems, by the Sistere of the West," N.Y., 1843 ; "The Indian Chamber and other Poems," 1846. — See Specimens and favorable notice in G7-iswold's Female Poets of America, and Poets and Poetry of the West. Lee, Eliza BtJcKMiNSXER, authoress, b. Portsmouth, N. H., ab. 1794. Dan. of Dr. Joseph, and sister of Joseph Stevens Buckmin- ster. From them she acquired a classical education and a fondness for literary pursuits. M. to Mr. Thomas Lee of Boston, where most of her life has been passed. She has pub. " Sketches of a New-England Village," 1837 ; " Delusion," " Life of Jean Paul Richter," 1842 (translated from the German); "Walt and Vult, or the Twins" (translated from Richter), 1845 ; " Naomi, or Boston 200 Years Ago," 1848; " Memoir of Rev. Dr. Buckmin- ster and J. S. Buckminstcr," 1849 ; " Florence the Parish Or|)han," 1850; " Parthenia, or the Last Days of Paganism," 1858; and tha "Barefooted Maiden," a translation. Lee, Fran-CIS, col. U.S.A., b. Pa. 1803; d. St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 19, 1859. West Point (lieut.of inf ), 1822. Capt. 31 May, 1834; served in the Florida war 1840-2 ; maj. 4th Inf. Feb. 16, 1847; com. that regt. in Valley of Mexi- co ; brev. licut.-col. for gallant and meritorious conduct in battles of Contrcras and Chnrubus- co, Aug. 20, 1847; brcv. col. for El Molino del Rcy, Sept. 8, 1847 ; and dislin;;. in the cap- ture of Mexico City ; lieut.-col. 6th Inf. Mar. 9, 1851 ; col. 2d Inf. Oct. 18, 1855. — Gardner. Lee, Francis Liohtfoot, signer of the Deel. of Indep., bro. of Arthur, b. Stratford, Va., Oct. 14, 1734; d. Richmond, Apr. 1797. Owing to the death of hi.i father, he was not, like hi,^ bros. sent abroad for education, but re- ceived instruclion under the direction of Rev, Mr. Craig. His father had left him an inde- pendent estate. Member of the house of bur- gesses 1765-72. lie then m. Rebecca, dan. of Col. John Tayloe of Richmond, and settled at Monocan. Delegate to the Cont. Cong, from Aug. 1775, to the spring of 1779, serving upon many important committees, and fre- quently as chairman of the com. of the whole. His chief services in Congress were in aiding in framing the old articles of Confederation, and the stand which he took in lavor of mak- ing the right to the northern fisheries, and to the navigation of the Mpi., indispensable grounds to the conclusion of the treaty with Eng. Afterward State senator. His '_' gay good humor and pleasing wit " made him a favorite with all ; and his plain and easy man- ners rendered him easy of access by all classes. Lee, Hannah F. (Sawyer), authoress, b. Newburyport, Ms., 1780; d. Boston, Dec. 28, 1865. The dau. of an eminent physician. She m. Gieorge Gardiner Lee, and long resided in Boston. Her first known publication was the Appendix to Hannah Adams's Memoir of herself, which was succeeded by " Grace Sey- mour," a novel, and " Three Experiments of Living," 1838, esteemed her best work. Her tf- LBK 538 other works are " The Old Painters," " Elea- nor Fulton," "Rich Enouph," " Lutlier and his Times," " Cranmer and his Times," " The Huguenots in France and America," " The World before You," " Stories from Life," 1849 ; " History of Sculpture and Sculptors," 1854; "Memoir of Pierre Toussaint," 1853; " Rosanna, or Scenes in Boston ; " and " The Contrast, or Different Modes of Education." Lee, Gen. Henry, soldier, and -gov. of Va. 1791-4, b. Westmoreland Co., Va., Jan. 29, 1756; d. Cumberland Island, Ga., Mar. 25, 1818. N.J. Coll. 1773. Henry liis father was first cousin of R. H. Lee. liis mother was Mary,dau.of Col. Bland of Jordans. In 1776 he was app. a capt. in Bland's Cav. ; and in Sept. 1777 joined the main army. By the strict discipline he introduced, he was enabled to move with celerity and effect; and his rapid and daring system of tactics made " Lee's Le- gion " highly efficient. Washington selected his company for his body-guard at the battle of Germantown. In Jan. 1778, Lee, with only 10 men, was attacked in a stone house by 200 British troopers, whom he beat off. He was soon after made a major, with the com. of an independent corps of 2 companies of horse, af- terward increased to 3, and a body of inf July 19, 1779, he surprised the garrison of Paulas Hook, and tbok 160 prisoners. For his " prudence, address, and bravery " in this af- fair, Congress voted him a gold medal. Made lieut.-col.Nov. 6, 1780, he joined Greene's south- ern army in Jan. 1781. During the famous retreat of Greene before Cornwallis, Lee's Le- gion formed the rear-guard. While watching the movements of Cornwallis in N.C., he fell upon the Tory Col. Pyle, who was leading 400 men to Cornwallis, killing and capturing most of his command. At the battle of Guilford, Lee encountered Tarleton, and drove him back with loss; afterward held hisground obstinately on Greene's left wing; and finally covered the retreat. It was by Lee's advice, that Greene adopted the daring policy of not following Corn- wallis into Va., but of leaving that province to its fate, and marching south to end the con- flict in S.C. and Ga. The result fully vindi- cated the expediency of this policy. Lee with his Legion joined the partisan force under Mar- ion, and, by a series of vigorous operations, re- duced Forts Watson, Slotte, and Granby. While on his way to join Col. Pickens, he sur- prised and took Fort Galphin. Augusta was taken after a siege of 16 days. He was also at the unsuccessful siege of Ninety-si.x. At Eu- taw his gallantry contributed greatly to the suc- cessful result ; Lee's impetuous charge, causing the retreat of the British left wing, probably saved the army from defeat. Lee soon after retired from the service; settled down at Strat- ford ; and was soon after m. to his cousin Ma- tilda, dan. of Philip Ludwell Lee. His second wife was Anne, dau. of Charles Carter. In 1786 ho was a delegate to Congress ; and in the Va. conv. of 1788 was a prominent advocate of the Federal Const. He afterwards served in the Va. house of delegates. App. to com. the Ibrce raised to quell the Whiskey Insurrec- tion in 1794, his advance at the head of 15,000 men speedily stopped all resistance. In 1799 he was again in Congress, where -he delivered the eulogy on Washington, in which occurs the celebrated phrase " First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his country- men." While confined for debt he wrote, in 1809, his " Memoirs of the War in the Southern Dept. of the U.S." In 18P Republicaiiy newspaper, occurred, and received, ^, in resisting the mob, injuries from which he never recovered. Lee was above the medium height, and well-proportioned. Of his milita- ', ^ ry talents Greene said, " No man in the prog- ress of the southern campaign had equal merit ; with Lee." The " love and thanks " expressed *$; to Lee in Washington's letter in 1789 show { the affection which his generous qualities hadVJ inspired. Ijee, Henrt, author, son of Gen. Henry, b. Stratford, Westmoreland Co., Va., 1787 ; d. Paris, Jan. 30, 1837. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1808. App. major 36th Inf. Apr. 8, 1813; aidenle-camp to Gen. Wilkinson, and afterward of Gen. Izard on the Canadian frontier. Af- ter the war be m. Miss Ann McCarty, whose estate adjoined his own. In 1824 he pub. "Campaign of 1781 in the Carolinas." an answer to the strictures in Johnson's " Life of Greene," on his father and the Legion. Though a Federalist, he advocated in a series of essays the election of Gen. Jackson, who in 1829 app. him consul at Algiers; but, not having been confirmed by the senate, he returned within a year. The first vol. of his " Life of Napoleon " appeared at Paris and N.Y. in 1835 ; and after his death, this, with the additional matter he had prepared, was pub. in Loud, and Paris, bringing the history down to the close of the first'ltalian campaign. In 1832 he again vin- dicated his father's fame in his " Observations on the Writings of Thomas Jefferson," repub. in 1845, with additional notes hy C. C. Lee. — Diii/ckinck. Lee, Jes8e, a Methodist preacher of zeal and ability, b. Pr. George Co., Va. ; d. Hills- borough, Md., Sept. 12, 1816, a. 58. He had, during the 33 years of his ministry, labored much in the N. E. States ; chaplain to Con- gress during 6 terms. Much of the early his- tory of Methodism in Amer, is based upon his " Notes." — See Life and Times of, by L. M. Lee. Lee, Joseph, first minister of Royalsion, Ms., b. Concord, Ms.; d. Feb. 16, 1819, a. 77. H. U. 1765. Ord. Oct. 19, 1768. He pub. "Four Sermons," 1782, 12mo; "Half-Century Sermon," 1818; "Ord. Sermon," 1803. — Allen. Lee, Lekot Madison, D.D., clergyman, b. Petersburg, Va., April 30, 1808. He studied law, but entered the ministry of the M. E. Church in 1828. He has pub. several sermons, "Letters to a Young Convert," "Life and Times of Jesse Lee," a small vol. on " Con- firmation," and another on " Perseverance." In 1836, and from 1839 to Dec. 1858, he edited the Richmond Christian Advocate. Lee, Luther, D.D. (Mid. Coll. 1859), cler- gyman and author, b. Schoharie, N.Y., 1800. Self-educated. He joined the M. E. Church in 1821, and soon began to preach. In 1827 he joined the Genesee Conf. ; became a travelling preacher ; engaged in several public theol. dis- LEK 539 cussions; and lectured ou temperance. la 1836 he began to preach against slavery, and was mobbed several times. In 1841 he edited the N. E. Christian Advocate, an antislavery jour- nal, at Lowell, Ma. He soon after issued a paper named the Sivord o/" TrirfA ; and in 1 842 seceded from the Meth. Church, and began a weekly jom-nal, the True Wesleyan. In 1843 he bo- came pastor of the church in Syracuse, N.Y. In 1344, at the first Wesl. conf., he was chosen pres. and editor of the True Wes'eyan, thence- forih pub. in New York. Ho left that city in 1852, and resumed the charge of the church in S>Tacuse. In 1854-5 he edited the Evan- gelical Pulpit, a periodical. Elected pres. and prof, of theol. of Mich. Un. Coll., at Leoni, in 1856; he resigned in 1857 ; removed to Felici- ty, 0.; and since 1859 has been pastor of a church in Chagrin Falls, 0. Author of " Uni- versalism Examined and Exposed," 1836; " The Immortality of the Soul ; " " Revival Manual," 1850; " Ecdesiastical Manual," 1850; " Slavery examined in the Light of the Bi^le," 1855; and "Elements of Theology," 1856. Lea, Mary Elizabeth, authoress, b. Charleston, S.C, Mar. 23, 1813 ; d. there Sept. 23, 1849. She was a niece of judge Thomas Lee, dau. of Wm. Early manifested literary tastes, and contrib. in prose and verse to the Southern Review and other periodicals. Her " Tales from History " was pul). by the Ms. Library Association. A selection from her poems was pub. in 1851, with a Memoir by Samuel Gilman, D.D. Lee, RicHAED IIenkt, statesman and ora- tor, b. Stratford, Va., Jan. 20, 1732 ; d. Chan- tilly, Va., June 19, 1794. His father Thomas, pres. of the Council of Va. in 1749, who d. in 1750, left six sons, all of whom rose to emi- nence: Philip Ludwell (a member of the Coun- cil), Thomas LudwoU, Richard Henry, Fran- cis Lightfoot, William, and Arrhur. Rich- ard was educated at the Acad, of Wakefield, Yorkshire, Eng. At the ago of 19 he returned to his native country. In 1756 he was app. a justice of the peace, — then an office of distinc- tion, — and in 1757 he was chosen to the h. of burgesses, where he soon disting. himself in de- bate. Placed upon a special com. to draught an address to the king, a memorial to the house of lords, and a remonstrance to the house of commons, Mr. Lee was selected to prepare the two first papers. He supported Patrick Hen- ry's famous resolutions against the Stamp Act. Li 1770 he was a member of the association for non-importation, and in 1773 one of the com. of corresp. In Sept. 1774 he was a delegate to the First Congress. He was a member of all the leading committees, and penned the memo- rial of Congress to the people of British Amer- ica. In the following year he was unanimously elected to the Assembly, by which he was sent to the Second Congress. The second address of Congress to the people of Great Britain — unsurpassed as a state paper of the time — was from his pen. But his most important service was his motion (June 7, 1776) " That these united Colonics are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States ; that they arc ab- solved from all allegiance to the British crown ; and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally cUssolved." His speech on intro- ducing this bold measure was one of the most brilliant displays of eloquence ever heard. He left Congress in June, 1777; was again a mem- ber in Aug. 1778-80, 1784-5, and 1786-7. In 1780-^ he served in the Assembly, and, at the head of the militia of his county, protected it from the incursions of the British. In 1784 he was chosen pres. of Congress by a unanimous vote, but retired at the end of the year; and in 1786 and '87 was again in the Va. Assembly. In 1 792 ill health forced him to retire from pub- lic life, when he was again honored by the Va. legisl. with a vote of thanks. Strongly opposed to the Federal Constitution, which he regarded as a consolidation of political powers which would tend to destroy the independence of the State govts., he contended lor the necessity of amendments to it previously to its adoption in 1789 ; and was a senator from Va. from 1789 to 1792, supporting the administration of Washington. Author of a number of political pamphlets; and his correspondence, with a Memoir, was pub. by his grandson R. H. Lee, in 1825, 2 vols. 8vo. Lee, RoBEKT Edmund, gen.-in-chief of the C.S.A., son of Gen. Ihnry Lee of the Rcvol. army, b. Stratford, Westmoreland Co., Va., Jan. 19, 1807; d. Lexington, Va., Oct. 12, 1870. West Point, 1829 (second in his class). His mother was Anne Carter. Entering the engi- neers, he was made capt. 7 July, 1838; was chief engr. of Wool's brigade in the Mexican war; and earned the brevets of maj., lieut.-col., and col. for Cerro Gordo, Contreras, and Chu- rubusco, and at Chapuitcpec, where he was wounded. His services as an engineer at Vera Cruz, and the subsequent operations in Mexico, were highly eulogized by Gen. Scott. Supt; Milit. Acad. Sept. 1, 1852-Mar. 3. 1855, when he was made licut.-col. 2d Cav. ; col. 1st Cav. Mar 16, 1861. App. Apr. 22 to com. the forces of the seceding State of Va., he resigned his position in the army ; was made maj.-gcn. Con- f d. array. May 10, and soon afterward gen. Defeated Oct. 3, 1861, by Gen. J. J. Reynolds, at the battle of Greenbrier, Western Va., he took com. of the S. Atlantic States ; and, after Gen. Johnston was wounded at Fair Oaks (May 31, 162), Lee was placed at the head of the army defending Richmond, and led it through the remainder of the Chickahominy campaign, in which McClellan was woreted. He attacked the army of Gen. Pope in Aug., and, forcing it back, invaded Md. Sept. 4-6, and occupied Frederick, but was defeated at Antie- tam (Sept. 17), and forced to retreat, which he did with little loss. Dec. 13, 1862, he defeated Burnside at Fredericksburg, Va. ; and at Chan- ccUorsville, May 2, 1863, defeated Hooker. He led his army into Pa.; and at Gettysburg was defeated with great loss by Gen. Meadej July 3-4, 1863. In the spring of 1864 Gen. Grant took com. of the Union forces ; and after a struggle of 1 1 months of great severity, during whiih Lee was driven back upon Richmond and Petersburg, he was compelled to abandon Richmond, Apr. 2, 1865, and to surrender his entire army, Apr. 9, 1865. During this, the severest aiid most destructive campaign of the LEK 540 war, Lee evinced great energy and daring, as well as soldiership of the highest character. Pves. of Wash. Coll., Lexington, Va., from Oct. 2, 1865, till Lis death. In 1866 ho edited a new edition of his father's Memoira. His "Life and Campaigns," by J. D. McCabe, jun., was pub. 1869. His sons, Fitzhugh, W. H. F., G. W. Custis, and R. E., were officers in the confed. army. Lee, Samuel Phillips, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Va. Feb. 1.3, 1811. Midsbipm. Nov. 22, 1825; lieut.Feb.9, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; cap t. July 16, 1862; commo. July 25, 1866; rear-adni. June, 1870 ; attached to coast-survey 1841-4 and 1847-51 ; com. I)rig. "Dolphin," 1852 ; sloop-of-war " Oneida," in the attack on and passage of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, anil tbe battles on tlie iMpi. from N. Orleans to Vickslinrg ; in July, 1862, coin, tbe N. Atlan- tic bioik. squad., and was active in performing the aidiious duties of the post, making tbe blockade as cfFective as possible. Transferred to the Mpi. squad in the summer of 1864, he kept the Cnmberland River open to Thomas's army, bv which it was supplied and re-enlorced. Author'of " Cruise of the Dolphin," 1851-2, 8vo, 18.-)4. Lee, TiioM.iS, jurist, b. Charleston, S.C, Dec. 1, 1769; d. there Oct. 24, 18.39. Edu- cated lor the legal profession, ho soon attained a commanding position ; was member of the State legisl. ; pics, of the State Bank 1817; State solicitor 1794; compt.-gcn. until 1816; judge of the C.C.P. 1804; .and judge of the U.S. court lor tbe dist. of S.C. from 1823 till the close of bis life. During the nullification excitement he was one of tbe leaders of tbe Union party, and an able writer in its defence. Uc was al,riCHAEL, statesman, b. 1760; d. Phlla. Dec. 28, 1822. Member of the State legisl.; M.C. 1799-1806; U.S. senator 1808- 14 ; app. postmaster of Phila. in 1814. Leidy, Joseph, M.D., naturalist and phy- siologist, b. Phila. Sept. 9, 1823. U. of Pa. 1844, and elected in 1853 to the chair of anat- omy in that institution, which he still occu- pies. Some of his valuable contribs. to the sciences of comparative anatomy and vertebrate paleontoloffy are in the " Proceedings of the Acad, of Natural Sciences," the " Trans, of the Philos. Society," and the " Smithsonian Contribs." For his biography, and a list of his writings, see N..I. Med. Reporter for Sept. 1853. Since 18C0, besides publishing an "Elementary Treatise on Anatomy," he has added largely to his list of scientific papers. Iieigh, Benjamin Watkins, LL.D. (Wm. and M. Coll. 1835), lawyer, b. Chester- field Co., Va., 18 June, 1781 ; d. Richmond, Va., 2 Feb. 1849. Wm. and M. Coll. 1802. Son of Rev. William. Adm. to the bar in 1802, he practised first at Petersburg, and after 1813 at Richmond, taking high rank. Mem- ber of the legisl. ; of the Const. Conv. of 1830- 1 ; State reporter 1829-41 ; a commiss. to revise the statutes of Va. ; and U.S. senator in 1834-7. He took a prominent and eloquent part in the senate debates, but, differing with the majority of his constituents, resigned, and passed tlic rest of his days in retirement. Ho pub. Reports Court of Appeals and Gen. Court of Va. 1829-41, 12 vols. 8vo, 1833-44. Iieigh, Charles, a British gen. ; d. 7 Aug. 1815. Ensign 3d Guards, Mar. 1764; capt. Apr. 1770; lieut.-col. Apr. 1777; col. Nov. 1782; gen. Sept. 1803. He was in the battles of Long Island, WhitePlains, Fort Washington, andthe winter campaign in the Jerseys 1776-7 ; served in Holland in 1793 ; and in the VV. Indies in 1805-6. Leisler, Jacob, who led the insurrection at N.Y. in 1689, b. Frankfort, Germany ; d. May 16, 1691. He had previously enjoyed some influence among the people, but was totally unqualified for the direction of such an enterprise. He came to Amer. in 1660, and, after a brief residence in Albany, became a trader in N.Y. While on a voyage to Europe in 16i8, he, with seven others, was made a prisoner by the Turks, to whom ho paid a high ransom. Gov. Dougan app. him one of the commiss. of the Court of Admiralty in 1683. After he had dispersed the party favorable to King James in the city of N. Y., and assumed the LKL. 542 administration, he proceeded to Albany ; took tlie fort, and confiscated the property of those who opposed his authority. On the arrival of Gov. Sloughter in March, 1691, he for some time refused to surrender the fort at N.Y. to him ; but he at length abandoned it, and was soon after seized, and condi;mned for treason. In 1689, while exercising the functions of gov., he purchased New Rochelle for the persecuted Huguenots. Ijeland, Charles Godfrey, author, b. Phila. Aug. 15, 1824. N.J. Coll. 1845. He afterward studied at the Universities of Heidel- berg, Munich, and Paris; was a resident of Paris during the revol. in Feb. 1848. Return- ing to Phila. in that year, he studied law, and was adm. to the bar, but soon devoted himself wholly to literary pursuits. He has been ed- itor or contrib. to the Knickerbocker Mag., Sar- tain's, the Internalional, Graham's, the Phila. Bulletin, &c. He has pub. " The Poetry and Mystery of Dreams," 1855; " Meister Karl's Sketch-Book," 1856; a collection of miscel- lanies. and sketches of foreign travel ; "Pictures of Travel," 1856; a translation of Heine's " Keisebilder ; " also Heine's " Book of Song ; " and " Hans Breitmann Ballads," 1868-9. He resides in New York. Iieland, Hknky Perrt, author, bro. of Charles G., b. Phila. Oct. 28, 1828; d. there Sept. 22, 1868. His fine natural gifts had been cultivated by extensive and various study. He was a frequent contrib. in p^o^e and verse to the newspapers and magazines. Author of a vol. of sketches of foreign travel, "Americans in Rome," and a vol. of humorous sketches, en- titled "The Gray Bay Mare," 1856. During the civil war he was a lieut. in the 118th Pa. regt. Leland, John, clergyman, b. Grafton, Ms., M;.v 14, 1754; d. N. Adams, Ms., Jan. 14, 1841. A Baptist preacher in Va. in 1775-91. From Feb. 1792 until his death he was settled in Cheshire, Ms. His literary productions, including essays on a variety of subjects, to- gether with his Autobiography, and Ni>ticcs of his Life by Miss L. F. Greene were pub. in 1 vol. 8vo, 1845. He was a man of great eccen- tricity and shrewdness, and a zealous Demo- crat. In the latter part of 1801 he went to Washington to present to Mr. Jefferson a mam- moth cheese, weighing 1,450 pounds, as a testi- monial of the esteem and confidence of the people of Cheshire in the new chief magistrate. Leland, Oliver Shepard, dramatic critic and author; d. Waltham, Ms., Apr. 17, 1870, a. 37. H.U. 1854. He was a contrib. to the periodical press of N.Y. and Boston ; pub. some interesting papers in the Knickerbocker Mag.; and wrote " The Czarina" and other plays. He m. a dau. of L. Gaylord Clark. ' Le Mercier, Andrew, pastor of the French Prot. Church, Boston; d. Mar. 31, 1763, a. 71. He was educated, probably, at the U. of Geneva; and in 1715, through the influ- ence of Andrew Faneuil, came to this country, succeeding the Rev. Peter Dailld. He pub. in 1732 a history of the Geneva Church, 12mo; also, in the same vol., " A Geographical and Political Account of the Republic of Geneva," 76 pages. In 1733 was pub. his "Treatise against Detraction." For tlic relief of mariners shipwrecked on the 1^1'- iC S.il,;. •<, ]v liuilt a house, to which he >( i ! | ilM\l^ioIlS, and which was the III. . i nu lives. Lemoine, adiMiii- ■ ;u,:;.,i m i.in.iiv, two of whom (Bienville anil ilierville) are elsewhere noted, sprung from Charles of Normandy, sieur of Longueil and of Chateauguay, a noted leader in the war of the French against the Iro- quois, and who had 1 1 sons, among whom were Charles, baron of Longueil, b. Montreal, Dec. 10, 1656; d. there June 8, 1729. He exercised great influence over the Indians; fought against the English under Phips, who attacked Quebec in 1690; was made gov. of Montreal, and baron, in 1700, on account of his services to the Colony, and especially for having erected a fort of stone on his estate at Longueil ; fought successfully against the English gen. Nicholson in 1711 ; and was made a chev. of St. Louis. He was governor to Sept. 2, 1726. Paul, sieur de Maricourt, b. Montreal, Dec. 1 5, 1663; d. there ab. 1702. Disting. himself under bis bro. Iberville in Hudson's Bay, and com. the Iroquois, who adhered to the French, and the Abenakis, in a great cxped. under Frontcnae ; was sent on an embassy to the hos- tile roquois in 1699 ; and aided in negotiating peace with them in 1701. Joseph, sienr de Sevigny, b. Montreal, July 22, 1668 ; d. Roche- fort, France, 1734. Bred a sailor, and holding a commission in the royal navy, he also served under Iberville against the English in Hudson's Bay ; was employed in La., the coasts of which he surveyed ill 1718-19; took Pens.acola from the Siia'iiiards, May 14, 1719, and repulsed them with great gallantry from Dauphin Island in Mobile Bay, Aug. 19, 1719, after a siege of a fortnight ; became capt. of a ship of the line in 1723; soon after rear-adm. and gov. of Rochefort, which office he held at his death. Sanvolle, first gov. of La., b. Montreal ab. 1671 ; d. Biloxi, Mpi., July 22, 1701. Though of feeble constitution, he early evinced remark- able talent; and, inheriting a large fortune from an aunt, was educated in France. Dis- ting. at coll., and of a striking personal appear- ance, his success in society was brilliant. Ra- cine pronounced him a poet; Bossuet predicted that he would be a great orator ; and Villars called him a marshal in embryo. He aecomp. his bros. Iberville and Bienville on their exped. to the mouth of the Mpi. Iberville left him in com. of the Colony, of which, in 1699, Louis XIV. app. him gov. He held the office till death. Antoine, sieur de Chateauguay, b. Montreal, July 7, 1683 ; d. Cayenne ab. li'30. Entering the royal navy, he arrived in La. in 1704, at the head of a body of colonists; served under Iberville in his last exped. against the English in 1705-6; took com. of Pensacola after its capture from the Spaniards, May 14, and sur- rendered it to them Aug. 7, 1719; was app. lieut.-gov. of the Colony in 1719; took com. at Mobile after the peace in 1720 ; was removed from office in 1726, and ordered to France, whence he was subsequently sent to Cayenne as gov., — an office he held till he died. Zj'Enfant, Peter Charles, engineer, b. France, 1 755 ; d. Prince Georges Co., Md., June 14, 1825. A lieut. in the French prov. service. LKN 543 LES he entered the Amer. army in the fall of 1777 as an engr. ; was made capt. Feb. 18, 1778; and at the siegeof Savannah was wounded, and left on the field. He afterward served under ' the immediate command of Washington ; maj. May 2, 1783; employed as the engr. of Fort Mifflin in 1794; and app. prof, of engineering at West Point, July, 1812, but declined. Au- thor of the Plan of the City of Washington, and architect of some of its b'uildings. Lenoir, Gen. William, of French descent, b. Brunswick Co., Va., May 31, 1751 ; d. Fort Defiance, Wilkes Co., N.C., May 6,18.39. While young, his father's family removed to N.C. William took a most active part in the Revol. war ; and at King's Mountain was capt. in Col. Cleveland's rcgt. For 18 years he was major- gen, of the N.C. militia; was a justice of the peace ab. 60 years ; for many years was a mem- ber of the State legisl. ; for 5 years was pres. of the Senate; and for several years was pres. of the Council. Iieonard, Daniel, jurist and political wri- ter, b. Norton, Ms., May 29, 1740; d. Lond. June 27, 1829. H.U. 1760. Grandson of Maj. George, and son of Col. Ephraim. His ances- tors James and Henry, sons of Thos. of Ponty- pool, came to Taunton, Ms., in 1652; and James established there the first iron-works in the US., and d. 1691, a. 73. Henry settled in N.Jersey; and to these immigrants nearly all the families of Leonard in the U.S. may be traced. Daniel became a prom, lawyer, and member of the Assembly, and at first supported the Whig cause with great eloquence and energy. Pos- sessing great talent and a large fortune, he acquired great popularity, which he soon lost by yielding to the persuasions of Gov. Hutchin- son in becoming a loyalist. He left Boston with the British troops ; resided a while in Eng,; was many years chief justice of Bermuda ; and finally resided in London. His fame rests upon his controversy with John Adams, under the respective signatures of "Novanglus" and " Msasachnsettensis," reprinted in 1819 with a preface by John Adams. The letters of Leonard, which have been several times rcpr., present the best defence of the measures ot the British Govt, which appeared on this side of the water. Thevwcre long attributed to Jonathan Sewall. Leonard, George. LL.D. (B. U. 1804), lawyer, b. Norton, Ms., Julv 4, 1729; d. Rayn- ham, Ms., July 26, 1819. ' H- U. 1748. 'Phe Leonards were a noted family, having pos- sessed great wealth, and held various offices of honor, trust, and profit. Grandson of Maj. George (whod. Sept. 5, 1716, a. 44), and son of George (1698-1778; judge of C.C.P. and Pro- bate ; member of the Council in 1741 ; and chief justice in 1746). He was a successful law- yer, held the same offices as his father, and was M.C. in 1789-93 and 1795-7. Leonard, James T., capt. U.S. N.,b.N.Y.; d. Nov. 9, 1832. Midshipm. Feb 26, 1799 ; was in the action with the French ship " La Ven- geance," Feb. 1, 1800; lieut. Jan. 13, 1807; master-com. July 4, 1812; rapt. Feb. 4, 1815. Leonard, Levi Washborn, D.D. (H.U. 1849), minister of Dublin, N.H., from Sept. 6, 1820, to 1854, b. S. Bridgewatcr, Ms., June 1, 1790; d. Exeter, N.H., Dec. 12, 1864. H.U. 1815. Preceptor of Bridgewatcr Acad. 1816- 17. He pub. several school text-books, a his- tory of Dublin, N.H., in 1855 ; edited the Exe- ter News-Letter from 1855 to July, 1863; and was a proficient in entomology. Leri de (dehleh-re), Jean, a French Prot- estant minister who labored in Brazil in 1536- 8, and who pub. an account of his voyage to Brazil in 1577 ; b. 1534 ; d. 1611. Le Roy, William E., commo. U.S.N , b. N.Y. Mar. 24, 1817. Midshipm. Jan. 11, 1832; lieut. July 13, 1843; Com. July 1, 1861; capt. July 25, 1866; fleet capt. European squadron, under Farragut, 1867-8; commo. July, 1870. Attached to steamer " Princeton," and in en- gagement with Mexican soldiers at Rio Ari- biqua, in 1847. Com. steamer "Keystone State," S. Atl. Block, squad., at capture of Fcr- nandina, Fla., 1862; in engagement with iron- clads off ChMrlcston, S.C.', Jan. 1803; com. steam-sloop " Oneida," W. Gulf squad., 1864; steam-sloop " Ossipee," W. Gulf squad., 1864- 5 ; in the battle of Mobile Bay, Aug. 5, 1804, when about running down " 'I'he Tennessee," that vessel surrendered to Capt. Le Roy. — Hamersly. Lery, Vicomte de, a disting. French engr. officer, b. Quebec, 1754; d. Sept. 6, 1824, near Mclun, France. He was o( an old Canadian family. In early life entered the French engr. service ; was in several sea-fights during the American Revol. war; and placed in a state of defence the islands of Gaudaloupe and Tobago. He served with Richer, Jour- dan, and Bernadotte ; established the intrench- ed camp at Dusseldorf; fortified Mayence; conducted the siege of Phillipsburg, and be- came gen, of brigade in 1799. In 1805 he was made lieut.-gon.; accomp. Marshal Macdonald through thedifficultcampaignsof the Grisons; fortified Palma Nova ; and was afterward con- cerned in many of the great battles of Germany and Spain — Morgan. L'EscarbOt (la'-kaZ-bo'), Marc, lawyer o.' Paris, b. at Vervins. He contributed to form the first French colony in Canada; was a man of cultivation and energy ; resided a while at Port Royal, now Annapolis, N. S. ; and pub. " f^s Muses de la Nouvelte Fiance," and " fjistoire de la Nouvelle France," Paris, 1609, and In 1011 and 1618. This work was trans- lated and pub. in Lond. 1609. — Diii/chiiirk. Leslie, Hon. Alexander, gen., a British officer in the Revol. war; d. Dee. 1794. Maj. (64th) June, 1759; lieut.-col. Jan. 1762; brig.- gen., and com. the light inf. at the battle of Long Island, Aug. 1776; served at the cap- ture of Charleston, May, 1780; invaded Va. with 3,000 men, Oct. 16, 1780; and in Dec. joined Cornwallis in N.C. He com. the right wing at the battle of Guilford, and at the close of the war was com. at Charleston. Leslie, Chaklks Robert, painter, b. London, Oct. 17, 1794; d. near London, May 5, 1859. His parents were natives of Md. The family returned to America when Charles was about 5 years old, he having already given extraordinary indications of a talent for paint- ing. At six years of age ho could sketch from rccolleciion, and with accuracy, the likeness of any itcrson whom he was in the habit of seeing. 544 Having witnessed Cooke's personation of Rich- ard, lie made a skeich of this gifted actor in this his most celebrated part, which was much admired and talked of; and he was consequent- ly enabled to study his art in Europe. Sliortly after arrivinj; in London (in 1813), he sent to Phila. his first original oil-pictuie, William of Dcloraine, from "The Lay of the Last Min- strel." The great humorous authors of Eng. became the chief source of his inspiration, and have been illustrated by his pencil. He was app. teacher of drawing at West Point Acad., Mar. 183.3, but resigned Apr. 1834, when he returned to Eng. ; and fron»1847 to 1851 was prof, of pa under tli. Painters.' of Consta toy. Acad. The sub- ile there h.'v* been pub. Handbook for Young author of" A Life ■painter. Among the best proilii' imii^ .ii his jiencil are " May Pay in llie K-i^n .if i:ii/,al.eth," 'Slender courliiig Anne ra;;e.," " Lady Jane Grey pre- vailed on to accept the Crown," " Sancho relating his Adventures to the Duchess," " Sir Uo^'cr de Coverly going to Church," and " Falstaft' dining at Page's House." Ijeslie, Eliza, authoress, b. Phila. Nov. \f>, 1787; d. Gloucester, N. J., Jan. 2, 18.-)8. Her great grandfather (Robert) emigrated from Scotland ub. 1 745. Her father, a watchmaker, and a man of .science, was a member of the Amer. Philos. Society, and the personal friend of Franklin and Jefferson. She accomp. her parents to Eng. in 1793, and returned to the U.S. vv-itli them in ISOO, since then residing almost wholly in Phila. In her 40ih year she pub. her first work. " Seventy-five Receipts for Pastry-Cukes and Sweetmeats," which was lol- lowed Ijy a series of works on the culinary art, which have made lier widely known ; in IS.Jl 1 Girls' Book." Hav- Godcy, editor of the r Iier story of " Mrs. lor several years con- and journals, beside she pub. " The Am Ladf/s Book, a pri Washington Putts,' trib. to till. in:. ■_-:.; Lii'li \ . .,' is her only novel; her oil]' r ■ ' - ' I ; sliort tales or sketches. Th.' i;i'i.r |m,|,u: ,r nf these aie 3 vols, of" Pen- cil-Skotehes," ol which a new edition appeared in 1852. She also pub. " Althca Vernon," " Henrietta Robinson," "Leonilla f^ynnmore," and "The Behavior-Book." Cii.iri.es Ro- bert and hrev. Brig.-Gen. TnOMAS Jeffer- son Leslie, U.S.A., are her bros. Her Auto- biog. is in Hart's " Female PiU'e-Writers of America." Lester, Chakles Edwards, author, b. Griswold, Ct., July 15, 1815. On the maternal side he is descended from Jonathan Edwards. Before completing his studies, he passed 3 or 4 years chietiy in the South and West ; studied law in Mpi., and was adm. to the bar, but spent 2 years at the Auburn Theol. Sem., and was ord. to the ministry. He became an anti- slavery lecturer, and was sent a delegate to the World's Antislavery Convention of 1840, in London. U. S. consul at Genoa from June, 1842, to Sept. 1847. He has since practised law in N.Y. City. Besides contributing largely to the periodical press, he has edited various journals and magazines, and is the author of " Tlie Glory and Shame of England," 2 vols. 1841; " C'lindition and Fate of England," 1842; "The Artist, Merchant, and States- man," 1845 ; "Life and Voyages of Americus Vespucius," 1846; "Artists of America," 1846; "My Consulship," 1851; and other works. He has pub. translations of Allieii's "Autobiography," 1845; d'Azeglio's " Chal- lenge of Baitella," 1845; Maohiavelli's "Flor- entine Histories," 1846. Letcher, John, gov. Va. 1860-4, b. Lex- J> ijigton, Va., Mar. 29, 1813. Studied at Wash, i^.*' Coll. and at Rand. Macon toll. Adopted the profession of the law, and was admitted practice in 1 839 ; during that year established (. and for a time edited the Vallei/ Star in Lex- ington ; member of the Const. Oonv. of Va. in 1850; M. C. 1851-9, and a prominent seces- sionist. Has practised law since 1864. Letcher, Robert P., b. Goochland Co., Va, ; d. Franklbrt, Ky., Jan. 24, 18G1. He received a good education, and adopted the profession of the law ; served some years in the State legisl., and was at one time speaker of the house; M.C. 1823-33; gov. of Ky. 1840-4 ; and minister to Mexico in 1849. Leutze (loit'-seh), Emanuel, painter, b. Emingen, Wurtcmberg, May 24, 1816; d. Washington, D. C, July 18, 1868. In his youth he emigrated with his parents to Phila. He early displayed talent with the pencil, and acquired facility in taking likenesses. His first deeideil success in ]iainiing was a picture rep- resenting an Indian gazing at the setting sun, the sucicssof which enabled him in 1841 to study at Dnsseldorf under Lessing. His "Columbus belore the Council of Salamanca " was pur- chased by the Dnsseldorf Art Union ; and his "Columbus in Chains" procured him the medal of the Brussels Art Exhibition. In 1843 ho studied at Munich, where he finished his " Columbus before the Queen." Aiter a lengthened tour in Italy, he in 1845 returned to Dnsseldorf, where he m. and established himself, but in 1859 returned to the U.S. Among his best works are " The Landing of tlie Norsemen in America," " Cromwell and his Daughter," " The Court of Queen Eliza- betli," " Henry VIII. and Anne Boleyn," and " The Iconoclast." He has depicted many of the striking events of the Kevol. war, as " Washington Crossing tlie Drlawaie," " Wash- ington at Monmou . ],' ■ \V -:, ;:.■■! on at the Battle of Mononu all II Lexing- ton," "Sergeant .1. 1 W asliin"ton at Princeton." " \ "-'; u- of Em- pire takes it Way, ' 1 orone of the staircases in tlir ( \, :-l ungton, is much the finest wmi ; I.I 1 l.cU.S. Leverett, Fiu., II l: I, >'i :. 1 \- \ I., scholar and teacher, b. Port sllK iiul 1 .'^1 pt. 11, 1803 ; d. Boston, Oct. 6,1 S;!G. H.U. 182 1. A descendant of Gov. John. Pii: )al of t he Bo^ ,ton Latin School, and afterwai !^s' tau ght a privi ite school. Author of a Latin Lexicon, and editor of several of the classics. Leverett, Sir John, gov. of Ms. 1673-9, b. Eng. 1616 ; d. Mar. 16, 1679. He emig. to America with his father (Thomas), a gentle- man of property, and alderman of Boston, 545 Ens-, in 1633. Jolin ilisiiiisr. himself very early in the Colony, and snci-.-^ivilv hrld L':ich office of trust and honor in iis .;i|i', Thiiunh cherishing a tiiste tor miliiarv iii.-, aTnl runi. the A. and H. Art. Comp., hi- divoir^l [his pui tioii of his time to mei. iiiiiK' pur-ints. In 1644 he returned to Ivi- , .mJ iMiiMrnied eminent service as captain in tlh' |i.u 1 1 unci nary array. Ue was an intimate fiirml ,,i ( ruin well, "and (1655- 62) was tlir ir^ciit 111 ilir Colony in England. In 1651-:i ninl r, ; ,'i In- was a delegate to the Gen. Conn; \vii, nl o speaker of the house (1663-4), ami one ol the f^ovornor's council in 1665-71; Klled the offiee of maj.-gen. from 1663 to 1673, and that of dep.-gov. in 1671-3. He was the executive during King Philip's war; and by his superior guidance that contest was favorably terminated. He was among the most illustrious of the fathers of N.E. ; and in Aug. 1676 he was created knight and baronet by Charles 11. — Leverett Memorial, Boston, 8vo, 1856. Leverett, John, grandson of the preced- ing, b. Boston, Aug. 25, 1665; d. May 3, 1724. II V If, "■•o "Hi- was 1 yeraniljnl ■ j"- tl i-i ,.' ']t ■ • ' '.''.-III i' I- ;l-I,. member oi , , - ,■■ II r ! -nil Jan. 17117, > Mi- .i 1 1 i~ .1 extensive- ;.ii.l he iL-eeueil t iie holloi, then rarely i,e-t.,«ed upon colonists, of membership 17U7; tolhe'l.ul ety. Commisi ,iansl704. s. to Port Koyal Leverich, c >r Leveridg e, Kev. WiL. LiAia, b. Eng. ; d. Newtown, L. I., early in 1677. U. of Camb., Eng. Arrived at Salem, Ms., with Wiggins's Co., Oct. 10, 1633. In 1638 he became first pastor of the church at Sandwich, and instructed the Cape Cod Indi- ans, being employed by the commissioners of the United Colonics as a missionarv. He removed toOysterBay, I,.I,in Apr. 16.53; waspastorat Huntington from 1658 to 1G69, and at Newtown from 1G69 to his death. — /.V/.yt's yeioloim. Le Vert, Octavia Walton, authoress, b. Bellevne, near Augusta, Ua., al>. 1820. Gr.- clau. of George Walton, a signer of the Decl. of Indep. Her fiither, the terr. sec. of Ela., re- moved to Pensaeola in 1S2I. He was after- ward, for a time, '_•'■. ,.- i m- Trnitory. She became a profieien' i i i ii-cs; spent oft an, Mr. abit of icn-ts of .Henry Europe, tie- iv-ult^ i,( wiiirh are " Sonveiii of Travel," 1s.-j7. A euntrib. to Amer. ai English periodicals, and was engaged upon work embodying her " Souvenirs of Disti guished Americans," until prevented by ])ainful aceiilcnt. She possesses great saiional power and rare natural gifts,. Levesque, Euoene, a Fi Travels in America ; " d. Pa Levis, FRAjigois, marsha French gen., b. Chateau d'Anjac Languedoe, 1720; d. 1787, whilst endeavoring to uphold the State of Artois. Levyde Vcntadour, vice- roy of New France in 1625, was born at the same chateau. He early entered theanny ; was aide-decamp to Marshal de Levis Mirepoix, with whom he captured 2 battalions o( the en- emy near Montalhan, by persuading them that they were surrounded by the whole French army ; and, though only " chevalier," de Levis was second in com. under Montcalm. He com. the right division at the battle of Carillon, also at Montmorenci, where Wolfe was repulsed. He was absent at Montreal at the first battle of Quebec. At the second battle, near St. Foy, Levis com. and achieved a victory over Murray. After the surrender of Quebec, lie returned tolVance; served under the Prince of Conde' as lieut.-gen. at the battle of Johan- nisberg in 1762; and in 1783 received the govt, of Artois, and the rank of marshal, as a reward for his serviees ; and in 1784 was made a duke and peer of P' ranee. • A monument to the memory of this brave and good man, in the Cathedral of Arras, wasdestroyed by the insane furv of the populace during the Revol. Levy, rniAii P., eommo. TT S.N., h. Pa. ; X,V .M;l , and de ■■ Al-us, ■ wlm-li e-ea|.e,l [lie bin out Mr. Crawford inini.Mer to Frai stroyed in the British Channel 21 sail, one of which had a cargo worth 8525,000. On the capture of " The Argus," he was made pris- oner, and held 2 years. Lieut. Mar. 5, 1817 ; com. Feb. 9, 1837; capt. Mar. 23, 1844. Ills last cruise was in 18.>8 as flag-officer of the Meditei'ranean squadron. Com. Levy was the mover of the effort to abolish flogging in the navy. He pub. a " Manual of Rules and Regulations for Ships-ol-War." An ardent admirer of Jefferson, lij became the owner of Moniirrllu, il,r 1 il„,,l,:,, e-tatennee owned by that si, ii. :ii i .>" ■:, u ill, all itsMorl„,,lwel|. federa "old I i the poe Alonzo, " The Lynn and historian, b. Aug. 28, 17'94; 1861. He was educated at the school and acaiK of his native town, where he resided during his life. He was a teacher, and became prin- cipal of the acad. ; edited a newspaper ; con- structed and pub. a map and a directory of the town ; wasa civil en;;ineer ; and for many years a justice of the peace. He li.id a jiist" jloetic perception, and drew fVom the ^.-raml and pic- turesque ocean-scenery about his eottaue, and the Ir^'eiids of the red men, suljjects for his .Mn-- II.- pnh. " History of Lvnn " in 1829, a J. I . Miiinn in 1844, and " Forest-Flowers and Sea .Shells," Boston, 1831, and again in 1845. A new cd. of his " Hist, of Lynn," contin. by J. R. Ncwhall, app. in 1865. Lewis, Gen. Andrew, b. Ulster, Ireland, ab. 1730; d. Bedford Co., Va., 1780. His la- ther, John, was descended from a Huguenot family, which settled first in Eng., and after- id in Ireland. Having killed his landlord resisting an illegal attempt to oust him, lie came to Amer., and in 1732 settled at Belle- fonte, Augusta Co., Va., being the first white resident of the county. Andrew, his third son. LE-W was possessed of great bodily vigor, and a commanding presence. He was a vol. in tlie exped. to take possession of the Ohio region in 1754; was with Washington at the surrender of Fort Necessity ; was a maj. in his Va. regt.; was in his bro. Samuel's company, at Brad- dock's dcfe;it ; com. tlie Sandy Creek exped. in 1756 ; and in the unlbrtunate exped. of Miij. Grant in Oct. 1758 was made prisoner, and taken to Montreal. In 1 768 he was a commiss. to treat with the Six Nations at Fort Stanwix. In 1774 he was made brig.-gen. and com. the Va. troops at the battle of Point Pleasant, Oct. 10, gaining a victory over the most formidable Indian force that ever assembled in the Old Duininioii. For several years he represented Botetourt Co. in the h. of hurgcsses, and was a member of the conventions of March and June, 1775. lie was made a col. in the armv, and, Mar. 1, 1770, brig.-gen. at Washington's request, but dcclincil, .Vpr. l.'i, 1 777. He drove Lord Dunmore from Gwynnc's Island, and was on duty in the lower i>art of the State, where he contracted a (ever, of which he died. His military abilities were highly valued by Washington ; and his statue tills one of the pedestals around the Washington Monumentat Richmond. His bros., all disting. in the mili- tary annals of the State, were Samuel, Thomas, Charles, and William. IiSWis, Col. Charles, b. Va. ; killed at the battle of Point Pleasant, Oct. 10,1774; served with distinction under his bro. Samuel at Braddock's defeat, and was a leader in the conflicis of the west Ijorder of the State. Lewis, DixoiJ Hall, lawyer and states- man, b. Diawiddie Co., Va., Aug. 10, 1802 ; d. Now York, Oct. 25, 1848. S. C.ColL The family cmigratad to Ga. He studied law, and removed to Ala., where he engaged in practice withgr.^it success. From 1826 to 1829 he was a member of the legi,sl. ; M.C. 1829^4 ; and from 1844 to his death a U.S. senator. He was the largest man in Congress, and was an able pub- lic speaker and writer of the extreme State- rights school of politics, sustaining the right of nullification and secession. Lewis, Elisha J., M.D. (U. of Pa.), b. Baltimore, 1820. Son of A. J., merchant of Phila., and grandson of Capt. Joseph of the Revol. army. He spent two years at N. J. Coll., and studied medicine with Dr. John K. Mitchell, and subsequently in Paris. Since a resident of Pliila. Autlior of "Hints to Sports- men," 12mo, 1851; "The American Sports- man," 8vo, 1855 ; ed. of " Yoiiatt on the Dog," 8vo, 1 847 ; and contrih. to the Spirit of the Times. Lewis, Ellis, LL.D. {Jeft'. Coll), jurist, b. Lewisberry, York Co., Pa., May 16, 1798; d. Phila. 19 March, 1871. He was first a printer; then studied law ; was adm. to the bar in 1822 ; app. dep. atty.-geu. in 1824 ; was a member of the State legisl. in 1832; app. atty.-gen. of Pa. in Jan. 1833 ; pres. judge of the 8th judicial dist. in Oct. 1833; and pres. judge of the 2d judi- cial dist. in Jan. 1843. He was chosen a judge of the State Supreme Court in Oct. 1851 ; be- came chief justice in Dec. 1854; and was unan- imously renominated iu 1857. In 1858 he was a commiss. to revise the criminal code of Pa. He received the honorary degree of M.D. from the Phila. Med. Coll. for his knowledge of med. jurispnidence. Author of an " Abridgment of the Criminal Law of the U.S.," and a contrib. to periodical literature. Lewis, Enoch, teacher and author, b. Rad- nor, Chester Co., Pa., Jan. 29, 1776 ; d. Phila. July 14, 1856. He was brought up a Quaker. Early evinced talent for mathematics ; at the age of 14 was usher in a country school, and was principal at 15; afterward teaching at Phila., at West Town, and at New Garden, Chester Co. In 1795 he was employed as a surveyor to lay out some towns in the western part of the State. He edited several mathemat- ical works ; and about 1819 pub. a treatise on arithmetic, which was followed by one on a)o;e- bra, and by a work on plane and splieiieal trig- onoraetry. In 1827 he became editor of the African Observer, and from 1847 till his death pub. the Friends' Review. He [jub. a Xife of Wm. Penn in the "Friends' Library," trea- tises "On Oaths" and "On Bajitism'' (18.39), a review of Dr. Cox's " Quakerism not Chris- tianity," and various pamphlets. Lewis, EsTELLE Anna Blanche (Robin- son), authoress, b. near Baltimore, Apr. 1824. After leaving the Troy Female Sem. in 1841, she m. S. D. Lewis, a lawyer of Brooklyn, N.Y., and has since resided there. She first contrib. to the Family Magzine, and has con- trib. many poems to the periodicals, and to Graham's Mag. a series ofaiticles on " Art and Artists in America." She pub. h.r first vol. of poems, "The Records of the Heart," in 1844; "The Child of the Sea and other Po- ems," 1848; "Myths of the Minstrel," 1852; and in 1853 an illustrated edition of her poetical works. — See Griswold's Fern. Poets, Hart's Fern. Prose - Writers, and Mrs, Hale's Records of IFomun. Lewis, Francis, signer of the Deel. of In- d9p., b. Llandart; Wales, Mar. 1713 ; d. N. Y'ork, Dec, 30, 1803. He was educated at Westmin- ster School. Became a merchant, and came to N. Y. in 1 734. After spending 2 years in Phila. he returned to N.Y., where he was engaged in commerce till 1775. At the capture of Oswego, in 1757, he was aide'to Col. Mercer, and was with the other prisoners taken to Canada, and thence to France. At the clone of the war, the British Govt, gave him 5,000 acres of land for his services. In 1 765 he was a member of the Colonial Congress. Zealously espousing the cause of lib.rty, he was sent to Congress in 1775, continuing a member until April, 1779. He was occupied in the importation of military stores and other secret ser\-ices, and, by his com- mercial knowledge and habits, was eminently useful. He sutlc'rod much at the hands of the Tories, who not only destroyed his property on L.I., but brutally confined his wife in a close prison for several months, causing her death. Ho himself was at one time a prisoner to the British. Most of his property was sacrificed to his patriotism, and he died in comparative poverty. Lewis, Rt. Rev. John Travers, consee. first Pr.-Ep. bishop of Ontario, 25 Jan. 1862, b. 1827. Educated at Trinity Coll., Dublin. Ord. 1848; rector of Brockvillc, Canada, 1854. He held the curacy of Newtown Butler in Eng.; 547 LE^W came to Canada in 1830; and until 1854 had charge of the parish of Hawksbury. Lewis, Mekiwethek, a celebrated ex- plorer, b. near Charlottesrille, Va., Aug. 18, 1774; d. near Nashville, Oct. 11, 1809. His father Wm. F., a man of independent fortune, nephew of Col. Fielding Lewis, d. when he was yet a child. He very early gare proofs of a bold and enterprising disposition ; and at the age of 18 he relinquished academic studies for farming, which he continued until he was 20. A vol. during the Whiskey Insurrection, he was transferred to the regular service as ensign. May 1, 1795, and became capt. Dec 1800. In 1803 Pres. Jefferson, whose private sec. he had been nearly tvvo years, sent him on an explor- ing exped. across the continent to the Pacific. At Lewis's request, Capt. William Clarke was app. to accompany him. The party set out in the summer of 1 803, and returned in the au- tumn of 1806. Lewis was. Mar. 2, 1807, made gov. of La. Terr. On the new governor's ar- rival at St. Louis, the seat of administration, he found the country torn by dissensions ; but his moderation, impartiality, and firmness soon brought matters into a regular train. He was subject to constitutional hypochondria; and, whUe under the influence of a severe attack of this disorder, put an end to his life. A Narra- tive of the Exped. of Lewis and Clarke, from materials furnished by each of the explorers, was prepared by Nicholas Biddle and Paul Allen, with a Memoir of Lewis by Jefferson, pub in 2 vols. 8vo, 1814. Lewis, Gen. Morgan, soldier and jurist, b. New York, Oct. 16, 1754 ; d. there April 7, 1844. N. J. Coll. 1773. Son of Francis the signer. He studied law in the office of John Jay. In June, 1775, he joined the army at Cambridge ; was made capt. of a rifle company in Aug.; maj. 2d N.Y. regt. in Nov. ; col., and chief of staff to Gen. Gates, in June, 1776 ; and soon afterward q.m.-gen. of the northern dept. He was at the surrender of Burgoyne; accomp. Gen. Clinton in the exped. up the Mohawk ; and at Stone Arabia gallantly led the advance, and completely routed the Indian foe. Adm. to the bar at the close of the war, he practised in Dutchess Co ; became a judge of C.C.P. ; atty.-gen. of the State in 1791 ; judge of the Supreme Court in 1792 ; chief justice in 1801 ; gov. in 1804-7 ; and member of the State legisl. in 1803-11. App. q.m.-gen., with the rank of brig.-gen., in 1812 ; promoted to maj.-gen. in 1813, and ordered to the Niagara frontier. He made a successful descent on the British side of the Niagara River, April 27, 1813; and in 1814 was intrusted with the defence of N.Y. City, then in daily expectation of attack. Sub- sequently devoting himself to literature and agriculture, he became in 1835 pres. of the N.Y. Hist. Society. Feb. 22, 1832, he delivered a centennial address in lionor of Washington before the city authorities. Lewis, Samuel, educationist, b. Fal- mouth, Ms., Mar. 17, 1799 ; d. Cincinnati, O., July 28, 1 854. His father was capt. of a coiist- ing-vessel, and he made several voyages as a cabin-hoy. In 1813 the family removed to Ohio, the father and his five sons walking the whole distance from Falmouth to Tittsburg, Pa. Samuel was successively a farm-laborer, mail-carrier, and carpenter; and at 20 obtained a place in the oflSce of the clerk of the Hamil- ton Co. Court ; at 23 he was adm. to the bar ; and in 1824 he was licensed a local preacher in the Meth. Church. An advocate of temper- ance and education ; to his efforts were due the founding and endowment of the Woodward School and of the Hughes High School at Cin- cinnati. In 1831 he aided efficiently in forming the western college of teachers; was active in promoting common school education in Ohio ; and in 1837 was elected by the legisl. supt. of schools. His measures for the improvement of education were adopted; and he was re-ap- pointed, and edited the Common School Director. Ill-health soon after compelled him to resign his office. From 1841 tohisdeath, he was the favorite candiiiateof the antislavery party for the state senate, for Congress, and for gov. ; and he was very zealous In the promotion of temperance ami kindred reforms. Lewis, Tayler, LL.D., scholar and au- thor, b. Northumberland, N.Y., 1802. Un Coll. 1820. Son of a Revol. officer. He studied law in Albany, and practised at Fort Miller. He studied Hebrew, biblical and classical literature ; taught a classical school at Waterford in 1833 ; removed to Ogdensburgh in 1835 ; and in 1838 w.is app. prof.' of Greek in the U. of N.Y. In 1849 he took the same professorship in Un. Coll., lecturing also on ancient philosophy and poetry, and ^[iving instruction in the Orient.il tongues. Heisadisting. philologist; h.ascontrib. largely to mag.izines and reviews ; and has de- livered and pub. several addresses on important literary and philosophical topics. He has pub. a work on the Nature and Ground of Pun- ishment, sustaining the death-penalty, 1844; " Plalo contra Atheos," with notes, 1843 ; " Six Days of Creation, or Scriptural Cosmologv," 1853 ; •• The Bible and Science, or the Wo'rid Problem : " and in 1860 " The Divine Human in the Scriptures." Prof. Lewis has also haridled most of the great social, jjolitical, and philosophical topics of the times in the " Edi- toi's Table " of Harper's Marjazine. Lewis, Thomas, statesman, bro. of An- drew, b. Donegiil Co., Ireland, April 27, 1718; d. Port Republic, Va., Jan. 31, 1790. He had a liberal education ; was an excellent mathema- tician ; became a surveyor of Augusta Co. in 1745 ; was a member of the house of burgesses, where he advocated the celebrated resolutions of Patrick Henry, in 1765; of the conventions of 1775 and '76, in which, as one of the com., he aided in preparing the Declaration of Rights and the State Constitution ; and of the conven- tion of 1 788, which ratified the Federal Consti- tution. As a member of the first house of dele- gates under the Constitution, he went hand in hand with Jefferson in enacting religious toler- ance. He was one of the boldest patriots of Va., and especially efficient in executing the plans of the com. of safely. Lewis, William, lieut-col. U.S.A., b. Va. 1767; d. near Little Rock, Ark., Jan. 17,1825. C.ipt. under St. Clair in 1791 ; resigned July, 1797; lieutcol. com. Ky. Vols. Aug. 1812; com. in action with British and Indians at Frenchtown, River Raisin, Jan. 18, 1813; and LE'W 548 LIG under Gen. Winchester at liis defeat, Jnn. 22, at River Raisin, where he was captured, and remained two years a prisoner at Quehec. Lewis, Wti.T.iAV Henry, D.D., rector of the Ch. ot th- II-lv Triniiv Brnol..■■,■., II. imred earlv surp was M/nin,- Virr-ims. of tllC Amer. Bible Society. L'Hommedieu, Ezea, b. Sonthold, L.I., 30 Aug. 1734 ; d. there 28 Sept. 1811. Y. C. 1754. Benjamin, his emig. ancestor, was a Huguenot of Rochelle, France, who was in N.Y. early in 1687, and setiled at Southold in 1 690. Ezra was a lawyer ; was a delegate to the N.Y. Prov. Congress 1775-8; assisted to form the first State constitution ; member N.Y. Assembly 1777-83 ; member Old Congress 1779, '81, and '83, and 1787-8; State senator 1784-1809 (except in 1793) ; once aniember of the council of apportionment ; regent State U. from 1787 to his death. In politics he was a Fed-ralist. Contrih. agric. papers to the first N. Y. Agric. Society. — C A iloore, in N. Y. Gsneal. and Biofj. Record. Lieber, Francis, LL.D. (U. of Jena, 1828), pub icist, b. Berlin, March 18, 1800. Entering the Prussian army at the age of 15, he fought at Ligny and Waterloo, and was severely wounded at the assault of Namur. For resist- ing the re-actionary measures of govt, at Bar- _ lin in 1819, he was arrested, but was soon re-" leased, and studied at the TJ. of Jena. At 21 he volunteered in the Greek struggle for inde- pendence, travelling on foot through Switzer- land to Marseilles. After much privation, he returned to Italy, where he was received into the family of the historian Niebuhr. He passed the years 1822 and 1823 at Rome, and wrote in German a journal of his sojourn in Greece, pub. at Leipsic. Returning to Germany with promises of safety, he was imprisoned at Kop- cnick, where he wrote poetry, which, on his re- lease, was printed at Berlin, under the name of Franz Arnold. Persecution diove him to Eng. in 1825, where he taught one year in Lon- don, and also wrote for the German periodicals. He came to the U. S. in 1827, and delivered lectures on history and politics in the large cities. He founded a swimming-school at Boston ; and, while residing there, edited the " Encyclopicdia Americana," based upon the " Conversutions-Leiikon," 13 vols. 1829-33. From 1835 to 1856 ho was prof, of history and political economy at the S.C. Coll., Columbia, and held the same professorship at Col. Coll., N.Y., from 1857 to 1865. In the latter year he was app. supt. of a bureau at Washington for the preservation of the papers of the Conled. Govt., to bo preserved as a portion of the na- tional archives. Dr. Lieber was active and influential both with tongue and pen in ujAold- ing the govt, during the civil war, and was ores, of the Loval Publicatit)n Societv of New York. In 18G2, at the n>qiR->t of (ien.-in-chief Halleck, h.- \,v>-ya.-Ci-i\ for th' use of tlic army an essay on "Guerilla Parties;" and in 1863 "In- structions for the Govt, of the Armies of the U.S. in the Field." M-mber of the French Acad. He has translated a French work on the Revolution of July, 1830; a Life of Kas- par Hauser ; the work of De Beaumont and De Tocqueville on the Penitentiary Svstera of the U.S. in 1832, pub at Phila. in 1834; a plan of Education for liirard College ; " Letters to a Gentleman in Germany, written after a Trip to Niagara;" "The Stranger in America," 8vo, 1835; "The Gentleman;" "Reminiscences of Niebuhr," 1835; "A Manual of Political Ethics," 2 vols. 1838; "Legal and PolitiLal Heruienentics ; " " Laws of Property ; " " Es- says on Property and Labor," 1842; " Civil Liberty and Selt-Govemmont," 2 vols. 1853; " Essays on Subjects of Penal Law and the Penitentiary System;" "Abnseof the Pardon- ing Power;" "Remarks on Mrs. Fry's Views of Solidary Confinement," &c. ; "Letter on the Penitentiary System;" besides many oc- casional papers and addresses. While in Eu- rope in 1848, "The West and other Poems" by him was pub. in New York. — AlUbone ; Duyckinck. liieber, Oscar Montgomery, geologist, son of Francis, b. Boston, Ms., 1830. Edu- cated professionally at Berlin, Giittingen, and Freib-Tg. Author of "Assayer's Guide," 12mo, 1852; "The Analyt. Chemist's Assistant," 12mo, 1852; "Geology of Mpi." (where he was State geologist 1850-1), in the N. Y. Min- inrj Mag. July, 1854; and numerous articles on metallurgy. In 1854-5 he assisted in thegeol. survey of Ala. In 1855 he became sur%'eyor of S.C. His first Ann. Report was pub. 8vo. 1857. Light, George W., printer and publisher of Boston, b. Portland, Me., 1810; d. Somer- ville, Ms., Jan. 5, 1868. He pub. "Life of Timo. Claxton," 12mo, 1839. ; avol. of Poems in 1852, and edited the Essayist. Ligon, Thomas W., gov. Md. 1854-8; b. , Prince Edward Co., Va., Educated at Hamp. ^ Sid. Coll., the U. of Va., and Yale Law School. Settled as a lawvcr in Baltimore; and was M.C. 1845-9. Li^uest, Pierre Laclede, founder of St. 549 LIN LouU, b. Bion, France, 1724; d. on the Mpi. Kiver, neai- tlio mouth of the Ark. .River, 20 June, 1778. ile came to N. Orleans in 1763; and, with a coiiipauy iu wliich wad xVuguate Chouteau, cstablili. 1 .1 iiaiiiii.-j"i- v,:i !■ Si. lijuis now stauil , a , i ■:,. , ; 1 ' i''eb. 1764. Li,4U- ; • . .1 'ii 'i m . . a : . add acquired by ir.il ■ « iili In.' l.iil.aii- a iar.i> property. — Eitwards's Great \\ ;-. On his re- turn, hi . . . I,' •' r _ ' . !:; J . : ivz'--, as Cierk, of a Slur- a I ■ a 1 a _. ,, > a. lu 1832 hc com. a co.upauj iji \.ju. iur ia_- f!,ack H.iwk war. App. postmaster of ivcw Sa.ciu, h- be- gan to study law, and engaged iu surveying a ■ portion of Sangamon Co. lie wa> iu the f-gisl. irom 1334 to 1841. Lie.ns.al to ]irai lisa 1 iw iu 1836,hein 1837 opened au o,- a Sjanuaeld, rose ra^iidly to dia.iuetion, a. - ai. a. ,i.tfs a promuient leader of the \i ..., i au . iu ill. iu 1844 ha canvassed the eiitiiv Sta.e, aUo a part of Ind., for Claj^ ; making almost daily speeches to large audiences. lU.C. from 1847 to 184J, he votv^d for the reception of antisla- very memorials, the expediency of abolishing the slave-trade in the Dist., to prohibit s.avery in the territory to be acquired from Mexico, and in favor of the Wiluiot Proviso. Ho op- posed the auuexation of Texas, but voted lor tue loan-bill to enable the govt, to defray the expenses of the Mexican war. In the Whig National Convention of 1843 he advocated the notninaliou of Gen. Taylor. The repeal of the Mo. Compromise called him again into the po- litical arena ; and it was main.y by his elibrts that the Republicans triumphed, and Judge Trumbull was elected U.S. senaior. At the Repub. National Convention in 1 856 he was a candidate for the nomination to the vice-presi- dency. June 2, 1858, he was nominated as candidate for U. S. senator, in opposition to Judge Douglas. The two candidates can- vassed the State together, speaking on the same day at the same place. 'The debate, which was conducted with eminent ability on both sides, residted in the choice of Judge Douglas by the legisl., although the popular vote gave Mr. Lhicoln a uuxjority of over 4,000. At the Re- pal. . X 1,1-aal Convention, held May 16, 1860, . i a-aaaat'jd for the presidency, his priii- I 1 1 . . . 1 1 [ . 1 i ; or being Mr. Seward ; and in the hiilnain; .\ov. was elected to that stalion,re- ceiving 180 cicctoral votes to 72 IbrMr. Breek- enridge, 12 for Mr. Douglas, and 39 tor Mr. Bell. The secession of the Southern slave- States followed; and Pres. Lincoln was inaug. Mar. 4, 1861, under the most gloomy auspices. He found the credit of the govt, greatl^ i;a- paircd, its navy scattered, its war materiel in the hands of the secessionists, who had seized Ibrts, arsenals, mints, and vessels ; its small army disarmed, and sent home by slow and de- vious routes as paroled prisoners ; and the gar- rison of Kort Sumter nearly starved. The at- tempt to supply the garrison was frustrated by the rebel batteries, and, after 33 hours' siege, the fortress was surrendered April 14. On the 15th, a call was issued for 75,000 men. April 19, the ports of the seced.d States were de- clared under blockade. Washington was soon strongly garrisoned; and Congress met in ex- tra session July 4. His Proclam. of Emancip. took ellect Jan. 1, 1863 ; re-elected to the pres- idency in 1864. Victory crowned the national arms during the succeeding winter, and the war was substantially closed, when the assas- sin, creeping stcalthi.y from behind, as the President sat with his family and triends in his box in the theatre, on the night of April 14, 1865, inflicted a wound with a pistol-ball, which in a few hours eiid-d his life. This event created unparalleled LXeiioment. Nine of the persous iniplicated suiiared condign pun- ishment ; while tlie fniicral-honors paid to the deceased chief niagiotrate surpassed ;tuy thing of the kind in tlie history of the world. Lincoln, GiiN. BiiNjASiiN, a (listing, lievol. ofiieer, b. Hmglium, Ms., Jan. 23, 1733; d. there May 9, 1810. Benjamin bis fatlier was a farmer, and a representative to the Gen. Court. Of a robust constitution, he was iiimself a. farmer; was town representative; a maj.-gen. of militia at the opening of the war, and was active in its organization ; sec. of the Prov. Congress ; and member of the important com. of corresp. In June, 1776, he com. the exped. whicii cleared Boston harbor of British vessels. App. by Congress a maj.-gen. Feb. 19, 1777, and soon after joined the main army, but was surprised and nearly capturi''! at la.,,ii'l lirook, Apr. 13. luJulyhewa- ni -a - a -,al,,iyier iu opposing Burgoyne. II : i a. N.E. niiliiia; sent out a suect - i u . -i- . . aj.t. 13, under Col. Brown, against liia j.ou ..I Lake George; and joined Gates as second in corn. Sept. 29. He commanded iu the works during the action of Oct. 7 ; and was severely wounded on the Stli, having mistaken some of the enemy for his own troops; and disabled until Aug. 1778; app. to the com. of the southern aimy, which he assumed at Charleston in Dee. By the defeat of Gen. Ashe, at Brier Creek, Mar. 2, 1779, Lincoln lost near one-fourth of his army. June 20, he attacked the enemy's works near Stono Ferry; but the severe action had no LEST 550 UN decisive result. In Sept. 1779 he joined D Es- taingoff Savannah; and in a bloody assault, Oct. 9, their joint forces were repulsed with loss. Mar. 30, 1780, Sir H. Clinton, witli a large army, appeared before the lines of Charles- ton, which Lincoln, with a very insufBcient force, tried to defend. May 12, alter a vigoro;>s cannonade, a capitulation took place. 1 he his- torian Ramsey gives him great praise for bal- 6ing 3 months the greatly superior force of Clinton and Arbuthnot. Exchanged m iNov., he rejoined Washington in the spring of 1781 ; com. a central division at Yoiktown, and con- ducted the conquered army to the field where arms were deposited and the customary sub- mission received. From Oct. 1781 to 1 iS4, he was sec. of war, and retired with a vote ot Congress, acknowledging his hi-hly mentonous services. In 1787 he com. the ioree which suj)- pressed Shays's insurrection; lieut.-goy. m 1787 ; coll. of Boston 1789-1808 ; commiss. to the Creek Indians in 1789, and to the Western and a tribes in 1793; the latter part of his I'fe was p^isseil in literary and scientific pursuits. Mem- ber of the convention which ratified the U.S. Constitution ; member of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. , n i, Lincoln, Esocn, gov. of Maine 182/-9, b. Worcester, Ms., Dec. 28, 1788; d. Augusta, Oct. 8, 1829. Son of Atty.-Gen. Levi Lincoln. Was adm. to the bar in 1811 ; settled as a law- yerin Fryeburg, Me. ; and in 1819 removed to i>aris,Me. M.C. 1818-26. While at Fryeburg he pub. apoem entitled "The Village (181b) ; and was also a contributor to the historical collections of Maine. His proclamations were marked by a peculiar felicity and terseness ot expression ; and his official correspondence em- braced an energetic vindication ot the riglits of the State in the question of the N.L. bounda- rv He delivered a poem at the centennia celebration of the fight at Lovewell's Pond, and an oration at the laying of the corner-stone of the C;ipiiol at Augusta, July, 1829. Lincoln, Lkvi, lawyer and statesman, b. Hiii"huin Ms., May 15, 1749; d. Worcester, Apr" 14 1820. H.U. 1772. His ancestor Samuel came from Hingham, Eng., in 1627. He studied law under Joseph Hawley, and, settling at Worcester in 1775, became eminent fossmn • became clerk of the court Zeal Lincoln, Levi, LL.D. (H.U. 1826), states- man, son of Levi, b. Worcester, Ms., Oct. 25, 1782; d. there May 29, 1868. H.U. 1802. Adm. to the bar in 1805, he practised with success in hi.s native city. He was a State senator in 1812; member of the house in 1816- -23 (speaker in 1822); licut.-gov. of Ms. 1823; iudge of the Supreme Court in 1824 ; gov. of Ms. 1825-34; M.C. 1835-41; coll. of the port of Boston 1841 to Sept. 1843 ; member of the State Senate in 1844; pres. of that body in 1845. He was the first mayor of Worcester in 1 848, and was a member of numerous historical and scientific societies. He was a warm op- ponent of the Hartford Convention, and was a member of the State Const. Conv. of 1820. He was the first gov. of Ms. who exercised the veto power, the occasion being the construction of abridge uniting Boston and Charlestown; many years pres. of the Worcester Agric. Soc. ; fcllowof the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences ; 'mbcr of the Antiquarian and Hist. ^_,. of Ms. Tjiricoln, William, antiquarian, b. Wor- ,,,. ,-n' . ,lu.,eOct.5,1843. H.U. 1822. J I, , iilihisbro. Gov. Levi; edited ih, \ ./ .,■ with Mr. Baldwin pub. the ir„,o..... M:,i:ine 1826-7. Author of a "liistuiy of Worcester," 1837. a new cd. of which was pub. by Charles Hcrscy in 1862; Oration at Worcester, 4 July, 1816 ; and Me- moir of C. C. Baldwin in Colls. Amer. Ant. Soc. ii. He was an early and active member of the Antiquarian Society. Lindsay, Charles, a Canadian journalist and political writer, b. Lincolnshire, England, early in 1820. He came to Canada in 1842, and"for some time edited an obscure paper in Canada West. Becoming known, in 1846 Mr. Lindsay became sub-editor of the tzam- iner, Mr. Hincks's organ in Toronto, until in 1852 he became editor of the Toronto LeMki; the most influential and widely-circulated po- litical and family p?per in the province, lie has written " Clergy Reserves," "The Maine Liquor-Law," and " The Prairies of the West- ern States."— J/o-gan. Lindsley, Philip, D.D. (Dick. Coll. 1823), edueatur, h. Morristown, N.J., Dec. 21, 1786; d. Nashville, Tenn., May 25, 1855. N.J. Coll. 1804. Licensed to preach 24 Aj)r 1810. He was tutor at Princeton in 180.-9 and in 1812 ; in 1813 he became prof, of lan- 1817 was made vice-pres. ; and in in 1775, and judge of probate in 1776. ous in the cause of independence, he was the l7"9"he wasTrvt cClus^o^^rntcat'eS fsTlw^s'-choVen -president- but declined. Ho John Adams's administration, he \ a^"^S^i^^""'^= of-th; ^rs^.'^^^^^^o^c.^-t'^i^^:^^ ,,,iw..o >^. efforts tlu - ,, , J uion, ue was a zealous a level with that of the oldest and bes^™.i^ a . .li-p of Franklin, and the first tointio-lu. r an ra , iii,-.d apparatus into Charleston. He wa.^ a -i.iinl jnanliioner there nearly 30 years, lit |ai!., la ih, I'lans. of the Roy. Soc. a series oi juilaa.n- taiical experiments, conducted in 17;^ — 42. la 17.53 he pub. the first account of the ycllow-tcvcr given to the world from America. Linn, John Blair, D.U., poet and clergy- man, b. Shippenshurg, Pa., Mar. U, 1777; d. Phila. AHg.30, 1804. Col. Cull. 179.). Wm. his great-grandfather came from Ireland, ami lived more than 100 years. While stndvin- law in the office of Ale.x. Hamilton, lie wrote an un- successful play, called " Bourvllle Castle." Turning his attention to tlieol., he was ord. in 1798; and June 13, 1799, became assist, to Dr. Ewing of the Fir.st I'resli. Clinicii, Phila. His powers. il arcana a: ,ia.| Li, I .il iiing were ex- iiibited 111 a , , a I >i. Priestly, in 1803. la i~ \ ; m, was pub. towhicl. u.i- ai. ir. .Ian laa.ai.u uf his life, by his bro.-iii-law, Charles I'rockden Brown. He also wrote a poem on the death of Washington, and in 1801 "The Power of Genius," which attained popularity. Two vols, of miscellanies in prose and verse were pub. by him, without his name, soon after he left college. He had a mind of great vigor and sensibility, and a sprightly and luxuriant fancy. Linn, Lewis Fields, senator, b. near Louisville, Ky. , Nov. 5, 179.5; d. St. Genevieve, Mo., Oct. 3, 1843. His family were among the earliest emigrants to Ky. from Va. Both grandparents, and 7 members of the family, were killed by the Indians, at different times. His grandfather. Col. \Vm., was one of the most prominent Indian-fighters of his day. Lewis settled in St. Genevieve in 181!j, and be- came a successful physician and politician. He entered the State legisl. 1827; was ncommiss. to settle the old French land-cl.iims in Mo. ; and was U.S. senator from 1833 till his death. He labored for the interest of the Mpi. Valley, and in behalf of the settlement of Ol-egon ; and made an elaborate speech in support of the bill to remit the fine imposed by Judge Hall upon Gen. Jackson. — See Life by E. A. Linn anclN. Sarc/ent.n.Y. 1857. Linn, VVillia.m, D.D., an eloquent Presb. divine, b. Shippensburg, Pa , 1752; d. Albanv, Jan. 1808. N.J. Coll. 1772. After serving some time as chaplain in the Revol. army, he was pastor of a church near Shippensburg; ii^ 1784 he took charge of an acad. in Somerse* Co., Md. ; in 1787 became pastor of the Presb. Church in Elizabethtown, N.J. ; and shortly after settled as a collegiate pastor in the D. R. cluirchin N.Y. City, where he resided 20 years. He pub. 2 vols, of sermons 1791-4. Linsley, James Harvet, naturalist, b. Northford, Ct., 5 May, 1787 ; d. Stratford, Ct., Dec. 26, 1843. Y.C. 1817. He wasa Baptist clergyman, but, in consequence of ill-health, turned his attention to the study of natural history. He pub. in the Journal of Science a catalogue of mammalia in vol. 43, and of birds in vol. 45. A memoir of his life was pub. by his dau., 18mo, Hartford, 1845. Linsley, Joel Harvey, D.D., Cong, clergyman, b. Cornwall, Vt., July 15, 1790; d. Greenwich, Ct., Mar. 23, 1868. Mid. Coll. 1811. He was tutor at the coll. two and a half years; studied law; was adm. to the bar ill 1815 ; and practised in Middlebury 7 years. He was licensed to preach in June, 1822 ; was a missionary in S.C. ; pastor of the South Cong. Church, Hartford, Ct., from Feb. 1824 to 1832; pastor of the Park-st. Church, Boston, until the failure of his voice in 1835 ; pres. of Marietta Coll., O., from 1835 to 1845; and jiastur of the Second Cong. Church, Green- wiah. Ct , from 1847 till his death. Lippard, George, novelist, b. near Yel- low Springs, Pa., Apr. 10, 1822; d. Phila. 1854. At 15 he began to study law, which he prosecuted in the office of Ovi'd F. Johnston, atty.-gen. of the State. In 1841 he became a eontrib. to the Spirit rfthe Times. His first novel was " The Ladye Annabel." He next wrote '• The Quaker City," which produced from its showing-up of real characters consid- erable excitement. Among his other works are " Herbert Tracy," " VVashington and his Generals," "Paul Ardenhcim," "Memoirs of a Preacher," " Adonai," " Jesus and tlie Poor," " Adrian the Neophyte," " The Empire City," " The Nazarene," "Blanche of Brandywine," " Legends of Mexico," " Washington and his Men," " The Rose of Wissahickon," " Bel of Prairie Eden," and " New York, its Upper Ten and Lower Million," &c. His works evince vigor and power, but have little else to recom- mend them. His Life and choice writings were pub^ 8vo, Phila. 1855, with an essay on his writ- ings and genius by C. C. Burr, 184-7. Iiippincott, Sara Jane (Clarke) " Grace Greenwood," authoress, b. Pompey, N.y., 28 Sept. 1823. At 19 she removed with lier father to New Brighton, Pa. -She was m. Oct. 17, 1853, to Mr. Leander K. Lippincottof Phila. She pub. verse at an early age; but her first prose-writings were a series of letters con- trib. in 1844 to the N. Y. Mirror. Portions of these were pub. in 18.50 in two series of " Green- wood Leaves." Among her other works are " History of my Pets," 1850 ; " Poems," 1851 ; "Recollections of my Childhood," 1852; " Haps and Mishaps o'f a Tour in Europe," 1854; " Merrie England." 1855 ; " Stories and Legends of Travel, and History for Children," 185S ; and " Stories from Famous Ballads," 1860. She now edits the LiUle Pilgrim, a ju- venile monthly. Her latest vol. is made up of Jier contributions to the Independi-nt, and some Iiippitt, Gen. Curistopher, Revol. of- ficer, b. Cranston, R.L, 1744 ; d. there JunelS, 1824. He was disting. early in life for the dis- charge of numerous civil and military offices, with which he was invested ; and was an ardent and inflexible supporter of Revol. principles. Made a col. in Sept. 1776, he was engaged at White Plains, at Trenton, and Princeton ; was afterward a brig.-gen. of R.L militia, serving in the engagement in that State ; and was a member of the State legisl. — lio'iers. Iiipscomb, Abner S., jurist, b. S.C. 1789 ; d. Austin, Texas, Dec. 3, 1857. After studying law, he removed to Ala. ; served in its legisl. ; was made a judge of tlie Supreme Court ; and subsequently chief justice, which office he held many vears. Ho removed to Texas in 1838 ; was sec. of State under Pres. Lamar, and a member of the State Const. Conv. Upon the organization of the State govt, hehecamean assoc. justiceof the Supreme Court. Iiisle, Henry M., lawver, of Milton, Ms., b. W. Indies ; d. Tortohi.'iSU. He laih. an oration on the death of Wasliingiun, 1800; " Milton Hill," a poem ; and a Masonic Ad- dress, 1805. liist, Frederick, b. Bentlingen, Suabia, 1789 ; d. Kufstein in the Tyrol, 30 Nov. 1846. App. prof, of polit. econ., U. of Tubingen, 1817; afterward emig. to Pa., and there dis- covered the Tamaqua coal-mines. U.S. consul for Leipsic, 1832. Pub. his " National System of Polit. Econorav " in 1841, transl. with a " Life of List " by Dr. Matile, Phila. 8vo, 1856. This edition has a valuable preface by Stephen Colwell. — AUibone. List, Mrs. Harriet Winslow, author of "Stanzas to the Unsatisfied," and "Morn- ing and Night," a poem ; b. Portland, Me., 30 JuM, 1819; m. in 1848 Charles List of Phila. She is now Mrs. S. E. Sewall, and re- sides in Melrose, Ms. ZiithgOW, William, lawyer and patriot, b. Georgetown, Me., 1750; d. 16 Feb. 1796. Wm. his father, judge of the C.C.P. for Lin- coln Co., d. 1798. The son, an ardent pa- triot, was a major in the Cont. line in 1776, and was badly wounded in the arm at Sarato- ga. After the war, he studied law, engaged in practice in Lin Dun.,. , ,,1 1,-1 l.ll.i.r. ill l.rl soUliu. . .i:d 111 .1.1.1 ul the Saiiit.iry arduous. and were of the highest ut ihty. Slie has latterly been prominent as a writer and speaker in the cause of woman; and in 1870 established in advocacy of this movement, and has since edited, the Womari's Journal at Bos- ton. — Unii: liepositorij, 1868. Livermore, Samuel, LL.D., statesman, b. Waltham, N.H., 14 May, 1732; d. Holder- ness, N. H., May, 1803. N.J. Coll. 1752. Adm. to tlie bar in 1757; became atty.-gen.of N. H. in 1769 ; judge adv. of admira"lty before the Revol. ; member Cont. CongreJs 1780-2 and 1785-6 ; of the conv. to adopt the Federal Constitution in 1788 ; pre.s. of the Const. Conv. of 1791; judge of the Sup. CourtofN.H. 1782-90; M.C. 1789-93; U.S. senator 1793- 1801, and |ires. pro tern, in 1797 and '99. Livermore, Samuel, an eminent lawyer of N.Orleans; d. 1833. HU. 1804. Author of " Treatise on the Law of Principal and Agent, and of Sales by Auction," Boston, Svo, 1811 ; "Disserts. on theContrarietyof Lawsof Different States and Nations," N. Orleans, Svo, 1828. Livingston, Brockholst, LL.D. (H.U. 1818), jurist, son of Gov. William, b. N.Y. Nov. 25, 1757 ; d. Washington, Mar. 19, 1823. He entered N. J. Coll., but left it in 1776 to join the staff of Gen. Schuyler, com. of the northern army. He was afterward attached to the suite of Arnold with the rank of maj. ; shared in the capture of Burgoyne ; and was promoted to a colonelcy. In 1779 he accomp. John Jay to the court of Spain as his private sec. On his return, in 1782, he studied law, and was adm. to practice in Apr. 1783, and rose to eminence at the bar. App. Jan. 8, 1802, a judge of the Supreme Court of N.Y., and from Nov. 1806 to his death was a judge of the U.S. Supreme Court. An upright judge, an able pleader, and an accomplished scholar. Livingston, Edward, jurist and states- man, b. Clermont, Columbia Co., N.Y., -26 Miiv, 1764; d. Rhinebeck, N.Y., 23 May, 18.36. N.J. Coll. 1781. Great-grandson of Robert, first proprietor of the manor of Liv- ingston, and son of Robert R. His mother was Margaret Beekman. He m. Mary McEvers of N.Y. City, where he began practice in 1785, and soon acquired a high reputation as a jurist and advocate. M.C. in 1795-1801, and an op- ponent of the administrations of Washington and Adams; app. in Mar. 1801 U.S. dist.- atty. for N.Y., and chosen mayor for two years, being at the same time judge of the municipal court. In the autumn of 1803 he became a public defaulter in consequence of the miscon- duct of a clerk ; made an assignment of his property; and, in Feb. 1804, removed to New Orleans. Having lost his first wife, he m. a Creole, Louise Moreau de Lassy, in 1805. Meet- ing great professional success in N. Orleans, he paid in full the debt he owed the govt. Becoming involved in litigation with the Federal Govt, about the title to the batture lands in N. Orleans, it was the subject of a special message to Congress, 7 Mar. 1808, and of a pamphlet in irply. The hitter gained his case. One of hi-, hi 1-1 hiljors in La. was the |ireparation of a cuilc of judicial procedure in force Irom 1805 to 1825. His improvements both in the civil and criminal code (begun in 1821) established his fame both at home and abroad. In regard to capital punishment, he approved the humane suggestions of Beccaria. This code has visibly influenced the legislation of several countries. At the battle of New Orleans, 8 Jan. 1815, he acted as aide-de-camp to Gen. Jackson, who was his intimate friend. M.C. from La. 182.3- 9 ; U.S. senator 1829-31 ; sec. of State, May, 1831-May, 1833; and minister to France until the close of 1835. In Congress he attempted to reform the criminal code, carried laws for the protection and relief of American seamen in foreign lands, and promoted the establish- ment and increase of the navy. An eloquent eulogy upon his life and works was pronounced by Mignet in 1 838, before the French Acad., of which Livingston was a member. Amiability and goodness of heart were noticeable features of his character. His bro.-in-law Davezac pre- pared a vol. of " Reminiscences of Livingston," a portion of which app. in the Democ. Review, to which, about 1 840, he was a frequent contrib. He pub. Judicial Opinions delivered in the Mavor's Court, N.Y. 1 802 ; " Report to the As- sembly of La. of the Plan of the Penal Code," t,rv 555 8vo, 1822; " Svstem of Penal Law for La.," 1826; and "System of Penal Law for the U.S." 1828. — See Life of Livingston, by C. H. Hunt, 8vo, 1864. Iiivingston, Gen. Henry, b. Livingston Manor, N.Y., Jan. 19, 1752 ; tl. there May 26, 1823. He m. in Canada at an early age ; was a lieut.-col. at Saratoga; and com. at Stony Point at the time of Arnold's treason. Iiivingston, Col. Henry Beekman, Revel, officer, b. Living-ston Manor, 1750; d. Rhinebeck, N.Y., 7 Nov. 1831. Son of Robert R. and Margaret Beekman. He raised a company in Aug. 1775, with which he accomp. Montgomery to Canada; and, for ser- vices in the capture of Chambly, was voted a sword by Congress, Dec. 1775. Aide to Schuyler in Feb. 1776; lieut.-col. in Mar, '76; col. 4tli N.Y. batt. Nov. 21, 1776 ; resigned in Jan. 1779. He was with Montgomery at Que- bec, and disting. himself in the engagement at Quaker Hill, R.L After the war, he was atty.- gen., judge, and chief justice of N.Y., and a gen. in war of 1812; pres. N.Y. Soc. of Cin- Livingston, Henry Walter, M.C, 1803-7, b. N.Y. 1764; d. Linlithgow, N.Y., Dec. 22, 1810. Y.C. 1786. Educated to the law; judge of C.C.P.of Columbia Co., N.Y. ; sec. to Mr. Morris, ambassador to France in 1792. Livingston, Col. James, Revol. officer, b. Canada, 1747 ; d. Saratoga Co., N.Y.,Nov. 20, 1832. Son of John and Catharine Ten Brocck of the branch of Robert, nephew of the proprietor of the Livingston Manor. Possess- ing some influence among the Canadians, he became col. of thn rcgt. of Canadian refugees, who joined Gen. Montiromery. With tlieni Liv- ingston captured Fort Chambly, itsganison and stores; accomp. Jloutgomery in his invasion of Canada ; and participated in the memorable attack on Quebec. He was also at the battle of Stillwater, and served to the end of the war. His brothers, Lieut.-Col. Richard and Capt. Abraham were in the same corps. lie resided at Montreal, where he m. Elizabeth Simpson. — Hol;,,lte. Livingston John Henry, D.D. (Utrecht, 1770), great-grandson of Robert, and son of Henry ; b. Poughkeepsie, N.Y., May 30, 1746 ; d. New Brunswick, N. J., Jan. 20, 1825. Y.C. 1762. He began to study law ; afterward studied theology in Utrecht, Holland ; and, having been ord. by the classis of Amsterdam, in 1770 he became pastor of the Dutch Church in N.Y. City. While in Holland, he procured the independence of the Amer. churches from the Dutch classis, and effected a union be- tween the former in 1772, — two parties hav- ing formerly divided them. In 1775 he was m. to his 3d cousin, the dau. of Philip Living- ston ; and in 1 786, having removed from N.Y. on the occupation of that city by the British, he preached at Albany 3 years, afterward at Kingston and Poughkeepsie, and at the close of the war returned to N.Y. App. by the gen. synod in 1784 prof, of divinity, it was not till 1795 that a regular seminary was opened under his direction at Bedford, L.I. This was closed two years after for lack of support. Dr. L. then resumed his labors in N.Y. In 1807 Dr. L. was app. pres. and prof, of theology in Queen's Coll., N. Brunswick, N. J. He pub. " A Funeral Service," " Incestuous Marriage," a dissertation on marriage with a sister-in-law, 1816; "Psalms and Hymns," &c. ; " Ref. Dutch Ch.inN.A.,"18I4; and some occasional pieces. — See Life, by Rev. Alex. Gunn, N.Y. 1829. Livingston, Philip, Revol. statesman, b. Alhanv, Jan. 15, 1716; d. York, Pa., June 12, 1778. Y.C. 1737. 4th son of Philip, who inherited the manor of Livingston from his fa- ther Robert. He became a prominent raer- chantofN.Y. City ; was an alderman in 1754-8; and became a member of the legisl. in 1759. He was one of the com. of corresp. with the agent for the Colony in Eng., Edmund Burke. In 1764 he reported to the house a petition to the king, afterwards adopted, opposing the in- tended taxation of the Colonies ; and in 1768, as speaker, he signed the answer of the house to the Boston letter, and also to two memorials to the British parliament ; in 1769 he was un- seated by the Tory majoritv. Member of the Cont. Congress in 1774-8, lie not only signed but strciuionsly advocated the Decl. of Indep. Oct. 11; 1774, he was, with Lee and Jay, app. to prepare a memorial to the people of British America, and an address to the people of Gi'eat Britain. April 26, 1775, he was chosen pres. of the Prov. Congress; and Feb. 1, 1776, was unanimously elected to the Assembly. He was a member of the senate pending the question of the adoption of the Slate Constitution ; a member of the boni'd of the Cont. treasury in 1776, and of its marine com. in 1777. He founded the proH;ssorsliip of divinity at Y. C. in 1746; was one of the founders of the N.Y. Society Library, and of the Chamber of Com- merce'; and aided materially in the establish- ment of Col. Coll. Previous to his decease he sold part of his property to sustain the public credit. His son Henry Philip was a member of Washington's fiimilyin 1778. Livingston, Robert R., judge, b. 1719; d. Phila. Dec. 9, 1775. Eldest son of Robert, merchant of New York, who was second son of the first owner of Livingston Manor, and who d. Clermont, 27 June, 177.5, a. 88. App. judge of the Admiralty Court in 1760 ; and in 1763 a justice of the N.Y. Sup. Court; rep. Duchess Co. in the Assembly 1759-68; corn- miss, in 1767, and again in 1773, to fi.K a line of jurisdiction between N.Y. and Ms. He m. Margaret, dau. of Col. Heniy Beekman, by whom he had Chancellor Robert R., Janet (who m. Gen. Montgomery), Col. Henry B., and Edward. — Ilotqute. Livingston, Robert R., LL.D., states- man, b. New York, Nov. 27, 1747 ; d. Feb. 26, 1813. Columb. Coll. 1765. His ancestor Rob- ert, of a noble Scottish family, cmig. to Amer. in 1678, and in 1686 obtained a patent for the manor of Livingston. He practised law with great success in New York ; but in 1775 lost the office of recorder, which he obtained in 1773, on account of his attachment to liberty ; and was elected to the Assembly, and sent to Congress, of which he was a member in 1775-7 and 1779-81. i He signed the Decl. of Indep. ; 556 was see. of forcij;!! affairs from Aug. 1781 to Aug. 178.3; and during tlie Revol. signalized himself liy his zeal and efficiency in the cause. Mem her of the N.Y. Const. Conv. in Apr. 1777 ; he was chancelkir of ihc state from 1777 until Feb. ISOl.assmh adiniiii,i,rini; the oath of office to VVashin;,'to[i iipun his inaug. as pres. In 1788hewascliainnan mI ,!„■ NY. conven- tion to con-ider the U.S. ( . I i..:i,,, .1 |M-in- eipally instrumental in 1. 1. i].iion. Minister-plcnipo. to Fraiu ,i i -li : !!>■ pro- cured the cession of La. in .\;.: l-i ■. and a settlement for the numerous spolia!ii.ais hy the French on our commerce. Napoleon, on taking leave of him, presented to him a splendid snuff- box, with a miniature likeness of himself by , he formed a friendship iiterially assisred in his in. He introduced into n, and the breed of me- rino sheep; and was pres. of the N.Y. Acad, of Fine Arts, and also of the Agric. Society. Few men have been concerned in events of greater importance to thccountrv, — the DccI of Indop., thefranunu'ot il,- Cm,;-!;!-!; ; 1 .\ "i and of the U.S., tlir I :i.. - ..■ 1,„ I : , , ■ u'crm Isabey. While in Pai for Fulton, whom he plans of steani-naviga N. Y. the use of gyps vention ot st> ,i the eflicient m " Oration bef "Address to tli^ 1808; "Essavs 1 l.ai. Ilr pub. 1 ■ " Mig the Arts," ' iii.iiir , " " Essay on Sheep," London, Svo, ISll. Livingston, Wu.lum, LL.D. (Y.C. 1788). Statesman, bro. of Philip, b. Albany, ab. Nov. 30, 1723; d. Elizabcthtown, N.J., July 2.5, 1790. Y.C. 1741. He became an eminent mendier of the bar of N.Y. and N.J. In 1752bepub. with Wm. Smith, jun., the first ' Di.-f ced jonr fence . ,i i , ■ .V K.vaw of the Mdi- tary (1 'I'Ci.aiu: ,1.- ill N. A., truui i:o3 to April 14, 17: JG, in a Letter to a Nobleman;" in 17.^8 he was ; elected a member of the Assembly. He wrote much in oppo sition to the propo.sed Amcii can K|. ,..-op:,te Having purchased a tract o r i.iiia 01 1 li'iOi rilitown, N. J., ho built a lion 4 ■•Liberty Hall;" in 177;i li . where be passed the reniaii hi , . II- eailv espon-ed the cau.sc • . ,li. 1 I'.a^ ilrrinl :, (lr|,H-ate to the -. llM,„ X ,1. 11, lf7'4; puton sciualol lau aiooi ui.poi taill i oliinilt- tees; but was recalled June 5, to cumrnaud as brig.-gen. the State militia, and after Wni. Franklin was deposed, in June, 177G, suc- ceeded to the office of gov., which he retained to the close of his life. In the trying circum- stances in which N. Jersey was placed, as a frontier State, during the Kevol., he conducted bis govt. ivir!i L-vrat jinl^'mentand energy. The Briii-tMii I .1 '■. e litions for the purpose of ki.iiii : : , liniiQui.x.ieof tlic Jcr- seys " (.1- 111 < :ia I lite gov., who was tall in person and \eiy tniii) ; but he was always fortunate etiough to escape. In 1787 he was a delegate to the convention which frtimed the Federal Constitution; he refused the app. of commiss. to superintend the construction of the Federal buildings, and of minister to Holland. A Memoir by Theodoie Sedgewick, with his Corresp., was pub. in 1832. He was the author of a poem called ''Philosophi- cal Solitude," 1747; a funeral oration on President Burr of Princeton College ; and a variety of poll ileal and mis eelhtn eous,traets. ' Tiivius, Peter, counsellor of N.H., chief justice of Canada, b. Bedford, Eng., 1727; d. Eng. 23 July, 1795. He received an hon. de- gree from H.U. in 1767. A resident of Ports- mouth, N.H.; proscribed as a loyali-st in 1778; chief justice from May 31, 1777, to 1786, when he went to England. Lloyd, David, an early and influential Welsh settler in Pa.; d. Chester, Pa., 1731, a. 75. Arriving in Phila. in 1686, he practised law there, and was in that year commiss. by "Win. Penn at of the He was -h friend 1 of the iiid from Pa. He Qu ting Phila. in 1700, ha afterward lived at Ches- ter.— Smith's Del. Co. Lloyd, Edward, gov. of Md. in 1809-11; d. Annapolis, June 2, 1834, a. 55. M.C. 1806- 9, and U.S. senator in 1819-26. An Edward Lloyd w.-.s member of the Cont. Congress from Md. in 1783-4. Lloyd, James, M.D. (II.TJ. 1790), physi- cian, b. L.I. Apr. 1728 ; d. Boston, March 14, 1810. His grandfather James came from Som- ersetshire, Eng., ab. 1670; d. Boston, 1693. Henry his father owned and resided on a val- uable estate in N.Y., and m. in Boston the dan. of John Nelson. James studied medicine at Strat- ford, Ct., at Boston, and in London ; returned 1752; and for 58 years Jiad an c-vtensive prac- tice. He was for some time surgeon of Castle William; and in 1764 was a strenuous advo- cate for a general inoculation. Among the many eminent pupils who came to him were Dr. Josepli Warren, Dr. Isaac Rand, Dr. John Jcfi'ries, and Dr. John Clarke. Member of the Amer. Philos. Society. — Thochcr. Lloyd, Jajies, LL.D. (H.U. 1826), states- man, son of the preceding, b. Boston, 1769; d. N. Y. April 5, 1831. H. U. 1787. He re- ceived a mercantile training in his native city ; visited Europe in 1792; and resided for a time in Russia. A member of the house and senate of Ms. as early as 1800. He was disiing. as a U.S. senator in 1808-13 and 1822-6; and was ch.air. of the com. of commerce and nav. affairs, which, as he was in the rainoricy party, evinces the estimation in which he \vas held. He pub. some political tracts, the last of which relates to the British colonial intercourse; was an able speaker ; and a member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. lie resided in Phila. a few years before his death. He ra.in 1809 the dau. of Samuel Breck of Philadelphia. Lloyd, Thomas, succeeded Penn as deputy gov. of Pa. after the return of the latter to Eng. 1684-8, b. Dolobran, Montgomeryshire, Wales, 1649; d. July 10, 1694. _ Educated at O.xford; but, embracing the principles of the Friends, he accomp. Penn to America. He was 557 LjOG an able minister, and had many disputes with the clergy and nobility of Eng. ; and also suf- fv^rcd imprisonments, and "much loss of out- ward substance " in his native land. He was also much exercised by the rcvilings of that "miserable apostate," George Keith, "which tho Lord gave him patience to bear and over- come." In 1689 the administration again de- volved on him, as pres. of the Council. — Coll. of Quaker Memorials. IjOCke, David Ross (" Nasbv "), b. Ves- tal, Uroome Co., N.Y., 20 Sept. "lS3;j. Edu- cated at a common school ; learned the print- er's irade in tlie office of the Cortland Unno- crat ; was a local reporter in various Western cities ; successively editor and pub. of the Ad- vertiser, Viymoath, 0. (1852), ricratd. Mans- field, O., ./ouninl, Bucyiu , i> , :r,.l ./ /Ivso- nian, Findlay, 0., in wliu !i i: ■ ■ :ii i, n. ■! his "Nasby" letter.s in I861.1 " I .,; ihe Toledo Blade. He is a su>' . . ::il I, , :,i; . , . and as a political satirist is uncijiiallcil. ll:is pub. "Nasby," 1863; "Swin^iu' Round the Cir- kle," 1866; and " Ekkoes from Kentucky;" also a score or more of pamplilets, mostly polit- ical. IiOCke, Jane Ermina, poet, b. Worthing- ton, Ms., Apr. 2.'), 1805; d. Ashburnham, Ms., March 8, 18.i9. Mrs. Locke, formerly Miss Starkweather, was long a contrib. to newspa- pers and periodicals. A vol. of her poems was pub. in Boston, 1842; " Rachel, or the Little Mourner," 1844; "Boston," a poem, 1846; " The Recalled, or Voices of the Past," 1855 ; and a Rhymed Eulogy on the death of Web- ster the biime year. She m. in 1829 John G. Locke of Boston. They resided in Lowell from 1833 to 1849, and subsequently in Bos- ton. Mr. Locke pub. in 18.33 a jrencalogy of the Locke family. — See Geneal. Reg. xxv., 91. IjOCke, Mathew, statesman, b. near Salisbury, N.C., 1,730; d. there Sept. 7, 1801, Member of the Congress at Halifax, which, in 1776, framed the State consiitution ; also member of the legisl. which ratified the U.S. Constitution; and was M.C. in 1793-9. He also served 30 years in the legisl. ; had 4 sons in the Revol. army, and was a gen. of militia. Locke, Samuel, D.D. (H.U 1773), pres. of H.U. from March 21, 1770, to Dec. 1, 1773, b. Woburn,M»,Nov. 23, 1732, d. Sherborn, Jan. 15, 1778. H.U. 1755. A desccmlant of Deacon Wm., who was brought to N.E. a child in le.'iS, and settled in Woburn. Nov. 7, 1739, he settled in the ministryat Sherborn; dism. Feb. 2, 1770. — .S>7ra//'s Woburn. Locltwood, ITi NT.T Hall, soldier and instriu:. I ■ K n: i- , Del., 17 Aug. 1814. West r. I 1. itrring the 2d Art., he served aj I., ii iir s- miiioles in Fla., ami re- signed i.i .Sept. It>.i7. I'rof math. U.S. u.ivy 1841-61 ; and prof. nat. and exper. plillos. U.S. Naval Acad , since Apr, 1 866. He served at the capture of Moiitercv, Cal , in Oct. 1847 ; col. 1st Del. Vols. 25 M.iy, 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. 8 Aug. 1861. He coin, an exped. to the eastern shore of Va. in Nov. 1861 ; com. the defences of the Lower Potomac, Jan -June, 1863; was engaged at Gettysburg 1-3 July, 1863 ; and in the Richmond campaign, May and June, 1864; participating in the actions near Hanover C.H., May SO^une 1 ; and com. provis. troops for defence of Baltimore against raid of rebel Gen. Early, July, 1864. Author of some military treatises. — Oullum. Lockwood, Ja lini-i. I Ml' \V, [!;. 1 -1 U. Colli He thco Norwalk, cm 1739 I He favored New Eng., and reton and Y.ale u and scholar, He pub. prudent, benevolent, and faithful some sermons. Lockwood, Samuel, commo. U S.N., b. Ct. Midshipm. July 12, 1820; lieut. 1828; com. 1830; commo. 1867. Served in 1826 in sloop " Warren," engaged in ferreting out Greek pirates; com. steamers "Petrel" and "Scourge" 1847-8; and assisted at capture of Vera Cruz, Tuspan, and Tabasco ; com. steamer " Daylight" 1861-2, blockading Wil- mington and Beanfort, York River and New- port News; silenced confed. battery at Lyun- haven Bay, Va. ; and rescued a Baltimore ship, atid assisted in the capture of Fort Macon ; retired I Oct. 1864. — Bamershj. Logan (Tah-gahjute), an eloquent Indi- an chief; d. 1780, a. ab. 55. He was .named Logan after James Logan, sec. of Pa. ; and was the son of Shikellanej', a celebrated Cayu- ga chief who dwelt at Shomokin on the Sus- quehanna. Subsequently to 1767, he removed to the West, where, in 1772, the Moravian mis- sionary Heckwelder met him on the Beaver River, and recognized his extraordinary capa- city. He spoke English with fluency and cor- rectness. Logan's family were massacred by a party of whites in the spring of 1774 ; and, in revenge, Logan butchered men, women, and children, and took part in the battle of Point Pleasant, Oct. 10, 1774. The In.lians were defeated, and sued for peace: Logan refused to attend the treaty, but sent by an interpreter, in a wiimpum belt, a speech of great eloquence and pathos, preserved in Jefferson's " Notes on Va." In the fall of 1 779 he again resumed his onslaughts on the banks of the Holston. In June, 1780, he joined Capt. Bird of Detroit in a bloody raid into Kentucky. Not long after, at an Indian council held at Detroit, while frenzied by liquor, he felled his wife by a sudden blow. He fled, supposing he had killed her. Overtaken between Sandusky and Detroit by a troop of Indians, whom he sup- posed her avengers, he frantically exclaimed that the whole party should fall by his wca- jions : while leaping from his horse to execute ills threat, an Ind, -lint liim dnad. — See Branlz Miii/er's iJisr. h f M.I. Ili,i S„: 9 May, 1851. Logan,liE\, lii.N T Mii\, an early pioneer of Ky., b. Ki. :<\. 1: - " Dec. II. 18(13. HI. ■ ;! il. ITU ^1 Shelby Co., Ky., II- ■ ;! : ■! I^i.^hman,came to thisc-uuntrvr ,, 1 , rmtury, and set- tled rii I'a., I.ii; ,' - 1 : . 1. moved to Augus- taCi>.,\a. 'I -11 - l,-_,; ! hnngh entitled by the laws of Va. to ilic whole of the landed property of his father at his decease, distrib- uted it between his bros., sisters, and mother. At 21 he removed to the banks of the Holston, where he purchased a farm, and married. He was a sergeant in Bouquet's exped. in 1764; and in 1774 he was in Dunmore's exped. In 558 LOG- 1775 he removed to Ky., and soon became par- ticularly disting. In the spring of 1776 he toolc his family to a small settlement called Logan's Fort, near Harrodsburg; here he was attacked, May 20, 1777, by a large force of In- dians, through which he made his way alone, and returned with supplies for his party, who soon succeeded in driving off the foe with loss. In July, 1779, he was second in com. of an unsuccessful exped. against Chillicothe, under Col. Bowman. He was engaged in agricul- tural pursuits until 1788, when he conducted an exped. against the north-western tribes, burn- ing their villages, and destroying their crops. Upon his return he devoted himself to the civil affairs of the country, being a member of the convention of 1792, which framed the first con- stitution of Ky. William his son, U.S. senator 1819-20, d. Aug. 8, 18-22. — McClumj West. XjOgan, CoKNELiDS A., poet and drama- tist, b. Baltimore, 1800; d. Cincinnati, Feb. 22, 1853. Educated at St. Mary's Coll. for the priesthood, disinclination to this career led him to make several voyages to Europe as a supercargo. Turning his attention to litera- ture, he assisted Paul Allen in the Baltimore Chronicle; next turned theatrical critic in Phila. ; and was afterward a comedian. In 18-tO he removed to Cincinnati, lie was a bold defender of the stage against pulpit at- tacks. His reply to a sermon by l,yman Beecher is admirable in learning as in temper. He wrote many plays, among them " The Wag of Maine," 3 acts, 1835; "The Wool- Dealer," a farce, written for Dan Marble; " Yankee Land," a comedy, 1834; "Remov- ing the Deposits; " " Astarte," an adaptation of Shelley's " Cenci ; " "A Hundred Years Hence," a burlesque. His poem " The Mis- sissippi," was copied in the Edi}ibitrr/li Review, with a handsome tribute to the author. His daughters Eliza, Olive, and Cecilia, have achieved distinction on the sta^'C. Logan, Eliza, actress, b. Phila. Aug. 1830. Dan. ol C. A. Logan; educated at an acad at Lancaster, Pa. T?rained for her profession by her father, she made her d^'iut Jan. 28, 1841, as Norva), at the Walnutst. Theatre, Phila. She first app. in New York at the Broadway, in June, 1850, as Pauline in " The Lady of Lyons." In 1859 she m. George Wood the manager, bought Wood's Theatre, Cincinnati, and retired from the stage. Died N.Y. City, Jan. 15, 1872. Logan, George, M.D., philantlu'opist, b. Stanton, Pa., Sept. 9, 1753 ; d. there Apr. 9, 1821. Grandson of James Logan. A*'ter three years' study at the Med. School of Edinburgh (where he took his degree), he made a tour of the con- tinent, and returned to America in 1779. He applied himself for some years to agriculture, which he was one of the' first in America to prosecute successfully in a scientific manner ; also served several terms in the legisl. ; and in June, 1798, embarked for Europe, for the purpose of attempting to avert a threatened war between America and France. Dr. Logan persuaded the French Govt, to annul the em- bargo on Araer. shipping, and prepared the way for a negotiation, which terminated in peace. He was denounced by the Federalists, on his return, as the treasonable envoy of a faction ; and, in the latter part of 1798, an act, known as " Logan's Act," was passed by Con- gress, making it a high misdemeanor for a private citizen to interlere in a controversy be- tween the U.S. and a foreign country, ii'i the manner he had done. U.S. senator from Pa. from 1801 to 1807. He went to Eng. in 1810, as a self-constituted agent, to attempt a recon- ciliation of the difficulties between Great Britain and the U.S. ; but his mission was fruitless An active member of the Board of Agric. and of the Philosophical Society. He pub. " Ex- periments on Gypsum," and on the "Rotation of Crops," in 1797. He was a member of the Society of Friends. His widow Deborah, skilled in the early history of Pa., and a mem- ber of the Pa. Hist. Soc, d. Feb. 2, 1839, a. 77. Logan, James, a learned writer and states- man, b. Lurgan, Ireland, Oct. 20, 1674; d. Oct. 31, 1 751, at Stanton, near Phila. Of Scot- tish parentage. At the age of 13 he had ac- quired Latin, Greek, and some Hebrew, and afterwards mastered mathematics, and the French, Italian, and Span, languages. While engaged in trade between Dublin and Bristol, Wm. Penn made proposals to him to accom- pany him to Pa. as his sec., which he accepted, and landed in Phila. in the beginning of Dec. 1699. Upon Pciin's return to Eng. in 1701, he left his sec. invested with many important of- fices, which he discharged with fidelity and judgment. He filled the offices of provincial sec., commissioner of property, chief justice, and upon the demise of Gov. Gordon in Oct. 1736, governed the province for two years as pres. of the council. He was the friend of the Indians, possessed uncommon abilities, and great wisdom and moderation. His valuable library of 2,000 vols, he bequeathed lO the pub- lic. Auth..r of " Experimenlu Mdetimata de PlaiilaniM C, III rati:iii,\" written in IT'i'j; of two othiT Laiiii irrati^fs c.l a srinmiir cliaracter, lion of by i3enj. ^Letch, ly Franklin ; and of Cato's " Distichs," the latter in verse; and he left a variety of papers on ethics and philology. Logan's charges as chief justicewere reprinted abroad, 4to, 1736. Wii^ LiAM, his eldest son, many years in the gov- ernor's council, d. June, 18i)l. Gkorge his grandson was a disting. philanthropist. — See Memoirs of Lo^a,,, by W. Armistea J. F. Fisher, in Sparks's Franklin Logan, John Alexander, soUlier and senator, h. Jackson Co., 111., 9 Feb. 18l'6. U. of Louisville, 1852. After receiving a common school education he served in the 1st 111. regt. in the Mex. war, rising from the ranks to be lieut. and quarterm. Studied law; was adm. to practice in 1852; made prosec. atty. 3d jiid. dist. ; and was a Democ. member of the legisl., and M.C. ill 1859-62; Repub. M.C. in 1867- 71 ; app. minister to Mexico in Nov. 1865, and declined; chosen U.S. senator for the term of 1871-7. He fought at Bull Run 21 July, 1861, as a private in a Mich, regt.; returned to 111. in Aug., and raised the 31st III. Vols., which he com. at the battle of Belmont; severely wounded in the attack on Fort Donelson ; made biig.-gen. 21 Mar. 1862; afterward com. 559 LON the forces at Jackson, Tenn. ; maj.-gen. 29 Nov. 1862; com. SJ div. 17tli corps (McPher- son's) ill the Vicksburg and Atlanta campaigns; com. with distinction the army of Tenn. after the fall of McPheison, and until relieved by Gen. Howard ; and engaged in the battles of Resaca, Kenesaw, Atlanta, and Bentonville (N.C.). He was one of the most successful of the civilian generals of the war, and is a vigorous and fluent speaker. IiOgan, Olive, actress and lecturer, dau. of C A. Logan, b. N Y. 1841. After prelim- .' iiiary practice in the West, she made her dibut ., J Aug. 19, 1854, at the Arch-st. Theatre, Phila. * '>■ She withdrew from the stage, and sailed for ^ Havre in 1857. Alter graduating with distinc- tion at an English female coll., she became a {^ contrib. to English and French papers, and in . • 1800 pub. two novels, " Chateau Frisac" and \^' " Photographs of Paris Life." Aug. 29, 1864, ^x she reappeared at Wallack's Theatre, N Y., in ^ " Evelccn," her own play. She then starred in T* the West and South, and re-appeared in NY., ^ at the Broadway, in Nov. 1865, in the play I ■ called "Sam," which ran nearly 100 niyhts. ^^'Retircd from the stage in 1863, and has since ; lectured successfully, principally in behalf of ,V, the woman's rights movement. Married Ed- ^ -mund A. Dclille, Apr. 1857; divorced Dec. ■^ 1865.^She is a sprightly, piquant writer, and > was, while upon the stage, one of its ornaments. •^ Besides the above she has pub. " Women and Theatres," 1869, and a play. Logan, SiK William Edmond, Canadian geologist, b. Montreal, Apr. 23, 1798. U. of Edinburgh, 1817. In 1818 heentered the mer- cantile office of his uncle in London, and be- came a partner. Returning to Canada for a brief time, his attention was drawn to its geol- ogy ; but from 1829 to 1838 he managed a cop- per-smelting and coal-mining establishment in Swansea, South Wales, in which his uncle was interested. He studied the coal-field of that region ; and his maps and sections were adopted by the ordnance geol. survey, and pub. by the govt. He was the first to demonstrate that the stratum of under-clay which underlies the coal- beds was the soil in which the coal-vegetation grew. In 1841 he visited the coal-fields of Pa. and Nova Scotia, and communicated several valuable memoirs to the Geol. Society of Lon- don. He was at the same time app. to the head of the geol. survey of Canada, where he still continues. He represented Canada at the Great Exhibition in London in 1851, and was made a fellow of the Roy. Society; and was also a commiss. at the Industrial Exhibition at Paris in 1855, where he received from the Im- perial Commission the grand gold medal of honor, and was created a Knight of the Legion of Honor. In 1856 he was knighted by the queen, and received from the Geol. Society the WoUaston Palladium medal, for his prominent services in geology. His pub. works will be found in his Annual Reports of the Canadian Survey, Proceedings of the British A>soc. and the Geol. Soe., embracing important papers on the geology of Canada and the coal-districts of Pa. and N. Brunswick, beside his researches in Wales. — ilorrjan. Lomax, John Tayloe, LL.l). (H. U. 1847), jurist, b. Port Tohajo, Va., Jan. 1781. Wm. and M. Coll. 1798. In 1799 he began to study law, and in 1802 commenced practice on the Rappahannock. He was in Fredericks- burg from 1805 to 1809 ; spent the next 9 years at Menokin, Richmond Co.; and in 1818 re- turned to the Fredericksburg bar, where he practised successfully. Prof, of the school of law in the U. of Va. in 1826-30; assoc. justice of the General Court in 1830-57. Author of a " Digest of the Law of Real Property," 1839, and " Law of Executors and Adminis- trators," 1841, 2d. ed., 2 vols. 1856, greatly im- proved. Long, Armistead L., brig.-gen. C.S.A. of Ga. ; killed at the battle of Peach-tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864; b. Va. 1826. West Point, 1850. 1st. lieut. 2d. Art. 1854 ; A.D.C. to Gen. Sumner from May 20 to his resigna- tion, 10 June, 1861. Long, Eli, m.nj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Woodford Co., Kv 27 ,t„n.., I'^-!G. Ora.I. .Milli. School, Franl/.Mr ic , - v, 2,1, lir.u. 4ih V S. Cav. Juili' J ' . •• ■. 1 a-ain-t tlh' Clifvcnncs in 111.' MINIMI, r.., i>:,:, ami a-aiii-t the Kio- was and Comanchcs m IstiO; cnpt. May 24, 1861 ; engaged at Tusenmbia Creek, Chaplin Hills; wounded at Stone River; col. 4th Ohio Cav. ; com cav. brigade, and engaged at Mur- freesboro, Tullahoma, Elk River, and Chicka- manga; pursuit of the Confed. Gen. Wheeler, and wounded at Farmington ; com. in raid on Kiioxville and Chatt. ll.R., and action of Knoxville, Tenn ; in the Atlanta campaign ; at defeat of Wheeler and Roddy ; wounded in rcconnoissance on Dalton ; and in raid on Lovejoy's Station; brig.-gen. U.S. vols. Aug. 1864; com. 2d. division cavalry corps, and wounded at capture of Selma, Ala., for which brev. brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. Retired 16 Aug. 1867 (maj.-gen. U.S.A.), for disability from wounds. — Henri/. Long, Gabriel, maj. Rcvol. army, b. 1751; d. Culpeper Co., Va., 3 Feb. 1827. He fought at Hampton and Norfolk in 1775; capt. in Morgan's Rifle Regt. in 1776 ; led the advance at Saratoga, and began the buttle there; was also at Yorktown ; and was in 18 engagements of the war. Long, John Collins, commodore U.S.N., b. Portsmouth, N.H., 1795; d. N. Conway, N.H., Sept. 2, 1865. Midshipm. 1812 ; served in " The Constitution " in her action with the British frigate "Java;" lieut. Mar. 5, 1817; com. Feb. 25, 1838; post-capt. Mar. 6, 1849; comrao. retired list, July 16, 1862; circumnavi- gated the globe while a commander in the navy; com. the frigate "Saranac" in the Mediterranean ; and conveyed Kossuth to America. In 1858 sailed in the flag-ship " Merrimack " for the Pacific. Long, Col. Nicholas, Revol. officer ; d. near Washington, D.C, 22 Aug. 1819, a. 55. He was active and merit, officer of dragoons in the Va. and N.C. lines of the nrinv, iuid col. 43d. U.S. Inf in the war of 1812-15. XiOng, PiERSE, Revol. ofl^., b. Portsmouth, N.H., 739 ; d. there At 1789. Pierse fathtr, a native of Limerick, Ireland, was merchant of Portsmouth (1730-40). His 1 \sas a shipping-merchant, a delegate to 560 the prov. Congress in 1775, col. 1st N.H. regt. 1776. In the retreat from Tieondero};a, his com. was overtaken by the 9th British regt., whicli he defeated ; as a vol. he served at tlie surrender of Burgoyne, delegate to Con- gress 1784-6; State councillor 1786-9; dele- gate to the Const. Conv. 1788, and was app. by Washington coll. of Portsmouth early in 1789. Long, Robert Caby, d. New York, 1849. Author uf " Ancient Architecture of Ameri- ca," Svo, 1849. He contrib. essays, entitled "Architectonics," to the A^. Y. LU. World, and a jiaper on Aztec Architecture to the N. Y. Hist. Soc. Trans. — AHiOune. Long, Stephen Harp.iman, col., chief " topoy. en<;.s. U.S.A., b. Hopkinton, N.H., d. Alton, 111., 4 Sept. 1864. Entering the eng. corps 12 -as assist, prof, of math, at r. 1815 to Mar. 1816; had between the Mpi. and 1818-23, and of the 82.3-4 ; survey of Bait. 30 Dec. 1784; Dan. Coll. 1809 Dec. 1814, he West Point, M charge of expl< the Kocky Mo sources of the Mpi. and Ohio Railroad 1827-30; improvement of Western rivers and Lake harbors at different times; brev. lieut.-col. top. engs. 29 Apr. 1826; raaj. 7. July, 1838; col. 9 Sept. 1861; and col. corps of engs. 3 Mar. 1863 ; retired 1 June, 1863. An account of his first exped. to the Rocky Mts. (of which one of the highest was named from iiitn " Long's Peak "), by Ed- win James, was pub. 1823 ; and an account of his seccmd exped., by W. H. Keating, in 1824. His "Railroad Manual," 1829, was the first original treatise of the kind pub. in America. Member of AmerJ Philos. Soc. Longacre, James Barton, engraver, b. Del. Co., Pa., 11 Aug. 1794 ; d. Phila. Jan. I, 1869. Descended from an early Swedish set- tler upon the banks of thr- I) ' immt'. iln'finii- ly niiine having been ori-i 1 i ' r. He graver with Murray o I I'.iui,, :i ,., i 1819 the best works then issuing Irom ihc Amcr. press. In conjunction with Janie, llcniugof N.Y., he began the puh. ol the " Naiional Port. Gallery of Disiing. Americans," 4 vols. Svo, 1834-9, which he afterward contiuued alone. Many of the portraits in. the work arc from Mr. L's. drawings from life, and are ad- mirably executed. During the last 25 years of his life (1844-69) he was engraver to the U.S. Mint. The new coins struck during that period — thedoubleeagle, tliethice-dollar-picce, the gold dollar, &c. — wr;v mad.' \,\ him fiom bis own designs. One di :!■ ! i . m arluiowl- edgments of his succe^^ m an, il. |,t was a commiss. from the govt, .il (liia tn superin- tend the remodelling of tlie entire coinage of that country, — a work completed a year or two betorc his death. Longfellow, Ernest W., portrait, genre, and landscape painter of Boston, son of the poet Longfellow, b. Cambridge, 23 Nor. 1845. Camb. Scient. School, 1865. Studied at Paris during the winter of 1865-6, vi.sited Italy, and returned home in the liill of 1866. A'fter a second absence of 18 months in 1868-9, he re- turned again from Europe with many sketches, and se%'eral copies made in the Louvre. lie is an artist of much promise. Longfellow, Henrt Wadswobth, LL.D. (H. U. 1859), poet, b. Portland, Me., Feb. 27, , /;■ 1807.^Bo-.vd. Coll. 1825. Son of Hon. Stephen. oL. 5*vri. At an early age he produced the " Hymn of the / / . , /v, Moravian Nuns," "The Spii-jt of Poatry,"' ^ '? ' "Woods in Winter," and "Sunrise on the <;j, -_ ^y Hills." After studying law in his father's office, ' he became prof, of modem languages and lit- erature at Bowd. Coll.; spent 4 years ( 1 826-30) in France, Spain, Italy, and Germany ; and was in 1835-54 prof, of modarn UimiuaL'-es and beUes-lcttres at H. U. He u:a.\ a a,a, ! i;„. ropean tour in 1835-6. Shora ;. a. :- ing himself with Harvard, li^ \ ■■'• i> in the old Craigic House, the \Va kai^^aaa luaJ- quartcrs, which he has since purcUasjd. lu his contributions to the N. A. Review, in his translation of the " Coplas de Manrique " ( 1 833 )^ and in his "Outre-Mer" (1835), he endeavored to cultivate a taste here for European litera- ture. He puh. " Hyperion," an exquisite prose romance, and " Voices of the Night," in 1839; "Ballads and other Poems," 1S41 ; "Poems on Slavery," 1842; "The Spanish Student," 1843; "Poets and Poetry of Europe," 1845; "The Belfry of Bruges," 1846; "Evangeline," 1847; "ICavanagh," a novel, 1849; "Seaside and Fii-eside," 1850; " The Golden Legend," 1851 ; "The Song of Hiawatha," his most pop- ular work, 1855; "The Courtship of Miles Standish," 1858 ; " Talcs of a Wayside Inn," 1863; "Flower de Luce," 1866; and "New- England Tragedies," 1868. Many of his other poems are scattered through numerous periodi- cals. " As a translator, ho has succeeded ad- mirably in preserving tlie spirit of the originals, and as a poet he appeals to the universal aJlix- tions of humanity by thoughts and images de- rived from original perceptions of natm-o and life." His works have passed through many editions, both in this country and in Eng. He has been a frequent contrib. of occasional poe- try to the Atlantic Monthly. His translation of Dante (3 vols. 1.867-70) is remarkable for fidel- ity to the original. No poet of the U.S. is so popular and well known in Eng. Mr. Longfellow's second wife was burned to death in 1861. His son Ernest Wadswobth is an artist in Boston. Longfellow, Rev. Samuel, poet, bro of H.vV., b. Portland, .Junr i ^, 1S19. U.U. 1839. Ord. at Fall Kiin, .M-., 1\ I, 16, 1848, altcrward settled at liia.dklui. .\.Y. Pub., in conjunction with Ucv. .Samuel Johnson, " Hymns of the Spirit," a beautiful vol. of sa- cred poetry, and, with T. W. Higginson, " Tha- hitta, a Book for the Seaside," 12jno, 1853; also author of "A Book of Hymns." Longfellow, Stephen, LL.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1828), lawyer and politician, b. Gorham, Me., 23 June, 1775 ; d. Aug. 2, 1849. 11. U. 1798. His ancestor Wm. of Newliury, b. Hamp- shire, Eng., 1651, m. Ann Scwail in 1676, and was drowned at Anticosti 1630. Descended on the mother's side from John Aldcn the Pilgrim. Adm. to the bar in 1801 ; practised with suc- cess in Portland ; delegate to the Hartford Conv. in 1814; M.C. 1823-5; pres. of the Me. Hist. Soc. in 1834. He compiled 16 vols, of Ms. LOisr 5G1 LOO and 12 vols, of Me. Reports. Father of H. W. the poet, and of Rev. Samuel. Longstreet, Augustus Baldwin, LL.D. (Y.C. 1841), educator and author, son of Wm., b. Augusta, Ga., Sept. 22, 1790; d. Oxford, Mpi., 9 Sept. 1870. Y.C. 1813. He studied law at Litchfield, Ct. ; was adm. to practise 1815; represented Greene Co., Ga., in the legisl. in 1821 ; in 1S22 was made judge of the Supe- rior Court of Ockmulgee circuit. Declining re- election to the bench, he returned to the bar, and became especially disting. in criminal cases. An ardent State-rights man, his "Bob Short" articles exerted groat influence in nullification times ; and ho established at that time the Au- gusta Sentinel. In 1833 he entered on the min- istry of the M. E. Church, and in 1839 con- tinued his ministrations iu Augusta duriuL' a terrible epidemic Pros, of Emory Coll. in 1839- 43 ; of C 'ntenary Coll., La., fur a short time ; of Mpi. U. until 1856; and subsequently of S.C. Coll. A frequent contiib. to newspapers, magazines, and reviews. Among his best ef- forfs are his Inaug. at Emory Coll., his Bacca- laureataat S.C. Coll. (1858), and a sermon on Infidelity. He also pub. "Letters to Clergy- men of the Northern Moth. Church " on sla- very ; speech in the convention at Louisville, Ky., for organizing the South. Moth. Church; "Letters from Ga. to Ms. ; " and an able review of the decision of the Supreme Court in the case of McCullough vs. the State of Md. As a humorous writer, h" 1= n!nary, and other philanthropic societies. In 1817-^18 he was in Europe, where he enjoyed the acquaintance of many dieting. men. Alter his rciiirti, lie cnga^'cd in banking in N. Y. (■||^ : ;nl^.,.:, m1 ,|ic ,M-..hvl„ ,„ uf Amer. ni..!i nilnrcil 1|. nry ( 'Liy to invotiLM . ii.- I .: I iiiuri' lnlly ll)an he had dour, aii.i lu :i\..\\ l.iiiisrit' ill opiiusition 10 free-tni.le. Fuiiii.lcr ..f the Manhittan Ills. Co., and its prcs. in I8:il-34; he introduced important changes in the \vliole system ot in- surance. Prominent, also, in establishing the Erie Railroad, and ii, i i.- :i. i-i its organiza- tion until 184.'), nim > r^ with scru- pulous fidelity. I i 1 - ''i )i ,,' - 'if Curren- cy and Banking," I J, I, : I ■ ! I.s:.'i, he rec- ommended the system adopted in 18:i8 in N.Y., and afterward in several other States, known as the " free-banking system." He also assist- ed in founding tlie tlieol. seminaries at Au- burn and at E. Windsor, and in establishing the U. of N.Y., of which he was for many years a trustee. Removing to Piermont in 1836, he devoted himself to the composition of theol. works, among which are, " Geology and Scriptural Cosmogony," 1843 ; " The Epoch of Creation," 1851 ; " The Messiah in Moses and the Prophets," 1853; "Symbolic Prophecy," 1854 ; " Plenary Insp. of the Holy Scriptures," 1857 ; " The Prophetic office of Christ," 1858; "Analysis of the Book of LOR 563 LOS Isaiah," 1861, &c. In 1S61 he pub. a " Letter on National Currency," addressed to the sec. of the treas., recommending the estab- lishmentof a free-banking system ; and in 1865 articles on the currency in the Internal Revenue Recorder. He edited Lempricre's " Biograph- ical Dictionary," adding selections from Watkins, and some 800 original articles of Amer. biog., mostly prepared for the press by his bro. David N., and pub. 2 vols. 8vo, N.Y., 1825. He was an aocomplished scholar, an upright and liberal man, and a successful pro- jector of comprehensive schemes for the public good. IiOrd, Nathan, D.D., LL.D., clergyman, b. S. Berwick, Me., Nov. 28, 1793 ; d. Hanover, N.H., Sept. 9, 1870. Bowd. Coll. 1809; And. Thcol. Sfm. 1815. Two years an assist, at Pliillips Exeter Acad. ; ord. pastor of the Cong, church, Amherst, N.H., May 22, 1816; and from Oct. 29, 1828, to July, 1863, was pres. of Dartm. Cull. Dr. Lord had a high reputation as a pulpit orator ; in theology he was of the school of Edwards, Hopkins, and Bellamy, and inclined to a literal interpretation of the proph- ecies. As a college president he possessed the qualifications of superior scholarship, great cx.- ecutive ability, remarkable firmness of charac- ter and devotion to principle, unwearied appli- cation to labor, equanimity of temper, and a winning address. During his pres. 1,824 pu- pils were grad. He has contrib. to thcol. re- views, and pub. numerous sermons, as well as essays on theol. and ethical topics ; among them are a " Letter to Rev. Daniel Dana, D.D., on Prof. Park's Theology of N. En,-.," 1852; Inaug. Address at Hanover, 29 Oct. 1828; an essay on. the "Millennium;" ^nd two " Letters to Ministers of the Gospel of all Drnoiiiinatiuns on Slavery," 1854-5, in u'li Ii ii r,I ivori-d to prove from the Bible I'l ^(slavery. His views of slavery 11 : I' criticism and bitter denun- (1 li lii II -.o edited (12mo, 1850) a selec- tion Iroin ilic sermons of his son John Kino, minister at Cincinnati, who d. there 13 July, 1849, a. 30. Lord, William W., rector of an Episc. church, Vicksburg, Mpi., h. Western N.Y. ab. 1818. Author of poems, N.Y. , 12mo, 1845; " Christ in Hades," an epic poem, 12mo, 1851 ; "Andre'," a tragedy, N.Y. 1856. Loring, ChaklesGeeelev, LL.D. (H.D. 1850), lawyer, b. Boston, May 2, 1794; d. Beverly, Oct. 8, 1867. H.U. 1812. Long a recognized leader of the Boston bar ; actuary Ms. Hosp. Life Ins. Co. from 1857 to his d. ; member Amer. Acad. Arts and Sciences, and of the Ms. Hist. Soc. He delivered the 4th of July oration before the town authorities of Boston in 1821, and an address, Feb. 26, 1845, before the Mercantile Library Association ; author of " Memoir of Hon. Wm. Sturgis," 1864; and "Neutral Relations of Eng. and the U.S.," 1863. Loring, Ellis Gray, law^-er and philan- thropist; d. Boston, May 24, 1858, a. 52. He early connected himself with the antislavery movement, and disting. himself by his legal ability in the celebrated case of the slave-girl Med. in the Ms. Supreme Court. Loring, Israel, author and clergyman, b. Hull, Apr. 6, 1682; d. March 9, 1772. H.U. 1701. Ord. pastor of the church in Sud- bury, Nov. 20, 1706. Mr. Loring was one of the readiest writers of his day, and pub. a number of occasional sermons. He was an ardent temperance-reformer, and was often called out on great occasions. — N. E. [I. and Gen. Reg., vii. 328. Loring, James Speak, b. Boston, 6 Aug. 1799. Resides in Brooklyn, N.Y. ; 30 years a bookseller in Boston ; and a contrib. of histor- ical and biographical articles to the " N. E. 11. and G. Reg. • " author of " The Hundred Bos- ton Orators," 8vo, Boston, 1852. James his father, 55 years a printer and bookseller of Boston, b. Hull, Ms., 22 July, 1770, d. 9 July, 1850. He ed. the Christ. Watchman, and pub. the Ms. Stale Register 1800-48. His an- cestor Deacon Thomas came from Dover, Eng., to Hingham, 22 Dec. 1634. Loring, Joshda, capt. British navy, b. Ms.; d. Highgate, Eng., 1781. Made capt. R.N. Dec. 19, 1757; com. in the naval opera- tions on Lakes George and Champlain in 1759, and on Lake Ontario in 1760, in which year he accomp. Amherst to Montreal. His son, Joshua, jun., app. high sherifi^of Ms. in 1768, was afterward town-maj. ; left Boston with the British troops in March, 1776. The estates, at Jamaica Plain, of Joshua Loring, manda- mus counsellor, were confiscated by the State of Ms. in 1779. Sir John Wentworth Loring, his son, was b. 13 Oct. 1775: another son, Henry Lloyd, d. archdeacon of Calcutta in 1 832. Joseph, son of Capt. Joshua, b. N.Y. 1744, commiss. of prisoners British army in Amer. 1777-83, d. En-lefield, Eng., Aug. 1789. Loring, William W., gen. C.S.A., b. N.C. ab. 1815. App. lient.com. adetachmentof vols, in Florida war (1835-42) ; capt. mounted rifles, May 27, 1846; maj. Feb. 16, 1847; com. his regt. in the battles in Mexico ; brev. lieut.-col. for battles of Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20,1 847; brev.col. for battle of Chapultepec, Sept. 13, 1847; severely wounded at assault on De Bclen Gate, losing an arm; lieut.-col. Mar. 15, 1848; col. Dec. 30, 1856; com. Gila exped., and disting. in conflict with Mogollan Indians, N. Mexico, May 24, 1857; jesigned M.ay 13, 1S61 ; app. a brig.-gen.Confed. army, and subsequently maj.-gen. In Sept. 1862 he com. the forces in Western Va., but was recalled a month later; com. a division of Johnston's army in the opera- tions around Vicksburg in 1863; and at the battle of Champion Hills com. the right of Pemberton's army ; afterward joined Bragg at Chattanooga. Lorini, Vleginia (Whiting), primadon- na, b. Boston; d. Santiago de Cuba, Feb. 28, 1865. Her father was a popular comedian, formerly of New York. She was m. to Sig. Lorini by whom she left several children. Losada (lo-sa'-dii), DiEOO.a Spanish ofiicer who conquered the native tribes of Venezuela, and founded Santiago de Leon ; d. 1569. Loskiel, George Henrt, a Moravian bishop, b. Courland, Nov. 7, 1740; d. Feb. 23, 1814. Ord. deacon May 22, 1768; presb. Mar. 19, 1775; bishop at Hernhutt, March 14, 1802. In 1802 he was sent to America as the supt. of LOS 564 the Moravian churches, and pastor of the church at Bethlehem. Author of a" History of the Mis- sion of the United Brethren amon;j; tlie Indians in N.A.," Lond. 1794, 8vo, and also of a devo- tional manual entitled " Jilivas fnerz Herz." IiOSSing, Benson John author and artist b Be kman NY ieb lo 1813 A M of Han coll 18 6 E 1 icated at a d st s hool an! IS b V api it ed to a wxtchmaker n Po I 1 eo| si ^ le tly hecom „ a pa t- ner H 1 n j I n tl b s, n Sb i tl e i itumn N -1 Maga ne U \ \ 1 II of the F n \ II tratci 185 4 I t 1 s andi 1848 9 i I tl >o / // M or II s Pi to 1 I< eld B ok of the E o lution {18o0 ) ■> \ol Svo s a ok of g eat val e tl e I I h v e 1 1 ske ched every | 11111 1 Revoluton Vmo 1 I H O (-0 ntrjmcn 1 M I ncnt A 1 18 1 H V of tl US ISo Mount V rnon a 1 s A s 1 ISbO LI 1 T e of PI IpSI jler OvlSbJ LfeofWih „ ton 3 vols 8 o L ves of tl e Pre I » ot tl e U S Tl e N V World Tl e 01 o Book The Cenotiph IS'iS P r I i el 1 Book of the W otlSH 8 1868 an ed of 1 1 111 I 1 e Ne v Fa by Ho] k n 1 1 o es 1 1 II sts 185 II 1 I II 3 ol 1866 8 Vi s 1 11 I r 186 He has been a 1 i 1 | i I I te ature of th d y I I 1 I // / » 1/a/a e a ser s t II 1 1 oi An cr cm B o^rapl y 1 1 to the Lonl A t Jo I ent led Tl e Hui so fon 1 eW Ideinesb to tl e bea Uust it el tl I sown d aw ^s Jin 1 18 ' TTie An H Peco 1 a monti Ij h t ^w ne to b e 1 te I 1 y I 1 u e 1 to appuar He e 1 at Do N "i Lothrop Si l1 r UNP D D (H U 52) I U N 'I s 4 H U 18 1 D \ 11 I t 1S34 Jol r ot I 1 1 n r J o 1 11 H t ur 1 1 o bobt 11 1 o E I Co nc 1 n the case of ri o t 1841 anloccas sermons Loudon, John Campbell 4tl ea 1 b 1 I Ap 1 S") Su cee le 1 I s father H I N V 1 31 In J Iv 1 56 I a r ved \ I 1 c pp of go an 1 also a com n s a I fof the Bnt sh io os n Amer D 111 r took cl arge of Va affi a and London, who was mefBcient, returned to Eng. in 1757; was made lieut.-gen. in 1758; gen. in 1770. Loutre, Lotris Joseph de la. a French missionary, sent to Canada in 1737 liy the Society of Foreign Missions, and headed the Acadiansand Micmacs in an attack on Annap- olis in 1744. He resided near Mcssai,'Ouchc, now Fort Lawrence, N.S. The English ort'ered a reward for him in 1745. Revisiting France, he was intrusted with a large sum of money for theimpro\ement of h s m ss o do Is ret rn w s ajp car gen of \ 1 After n tl e ne tril iren h bvh v e o n sel h 1 I neith n 1 h r f tl 1 t H 1 n I 1 to I r 1 r f i rt B ej inl a n t Q 1 alt terly lep oiched by the b shop a d eiil ked for t an Aug 1 57 On the p ssage 1 e fell nto the I ands of the Br t si and vas confined 8ve r tl I hndof J r y — C II In Lovejoy lit I y \o k O t I y J I Q ncy A 1 ims — See Po (■< n d Poet /of tie We!>t l0TS\ec nsofh Veise Lovejoy, Owtv a t si v v orator and p c b All on Me Ji 6 1811 i Br kl n \\ M ch 18b4 He no k I Bo vd Coll bo cd t 1 present 1 that lay 1 si ver II to VI Lovelace, Col Francis gov of N Y 1668 J ly 30 16 3 s o d so of R h r 1 B o I f II 1 I 1 Col L alnn t 1 I ol all He vas 1 re 1 e la d out 1 I I nd o tle4tl lo 1 L 1 „ o \ 1 \1 ^ 1' 1 09 — Ot llujla LovoUjCharles S brev br g gen USA b Mb d lo V lie Iv J 3 18 1 P V te M U S V t Jan 1831 "d 1 t 6tl I f O t 13 1S3 c pt J e 18 184b and engage I at tl e 1 ttles ot Ch r I sco Mol no del Rey, Chapultepec, and city of Mexico; maj. 10th Inf. May 14, 1861 ; in the Peninsular campaign Mar. to June, 1862; com. brigade at battles of Malvern Hill, Gaines's Mill, secjnd Bull Run, Antietara, and Fredericksburg, earn- LOV inj; brevets of licut.-col., col., and biitr.-gen. U.S.A.; lieiit.-col. 18th Inf. Jan. 21, 1863; col. 14th Inf. Feb. 16, 18C5 ; retired Dec. 1870. IiOVell, James, patriot of the Revol., b. Bost., Oct. 31, 17.37 ; d. Windham, Me., July 14, 1814. H.U. 1756. Son of " IVIaster Lovell." Uslier of tbe Latin School 1757-75, and was also master of the North Grammar, now the Eliot School. He delivered April 2, 1.771, the oration before the town authorities on the issacre ; was imp Qmediately after the battle i was conveyed to Halifa.K with the British army, and kept in close confinement until exchanged for Gov. Skene in Nov. 1776. Member Cont. Congress Dec. 1 776-82 ; receiver of taxes 1784- 8; coll. of the port of Boston 1788-9; and naval ofiScur 1790-1814. He pub. some tracts. His son Maj. J.\mes, b. July 9, 1738, d. St. Mathews, S.C., July 10, 1850 (H.U. 1776), was adj. in H. Jackson's Ms. rcgt. 1776-9; afterwards adj. of Lee's Legion ; and present in many battles of the ReviBl., from Lexmgton to Eutaw. — Loriny's Boston Orators. Loveli, John, schoolmaster, b. Boston, June 16, 1710; d. Halifax 1778. 11. U. 1728. He entered the Latin School 1717; became usher 1729; and was principal from 17.J4 until Apr. 19, 1775, when the school was dispersed by the siege of the town. Being a zealous loyalist, he embarked with the British troops for Halifax, March 14, 1776. He was an ex- cellent classical scholar, and, thongli a rigid disciplinarian, was a humorous and agreealjle companion. He delivered the first pub. adilrcss inFaneuil Hall, Mar. 14, 1743. on the dpnth of thedonor, dedicatingif'totbc inrnr-r-; of fn'li, of justice, of loyalty, of hiiTi'M- o' !'' f lli~ portrait, by Smibert, is in tli : ! ingsat H.U. He wrote somr \.: '',,..• n, , "■ i-> ,,[, and theological pieces, aud cuiitnli. to tlic Pietaset Gratidatio, 1761. IiOVell, Joseph, M.D., surgeon-gen. of the U.S.A., b. Boston, Dec. 22,1788 ; d. Washing- ton, D.C., Oct. 17, 1836. H.U. 1807. Son of the patriot James Lovell. App. Apr. 1812, surgeon of the 9th Inf., served on the Niagara frontier, and was there hospital surgeon. In Sept. 1818 he was placed at the head of the med. dcpt. of the service. Sept. 1817, he m. E. Mansfield. Lovell, Mansfield, gen. C.S.A., son of the preceding, b. D.C. about 1822. West Point, 1842. Entering the 4th Art., he be- came 1st lieut. Feb. 16, 1847; served as aide to Gen. Quitman in the Mexican war ; was brev. capt. for gallantry at Chapultepec, where he was wounded ; was wounded again at the Helen Gate, and resigned Dec. 18, 18.54, with his friend G. W. Smith (afterward a Confed. gen. ), in order to join Gen. Quitman's projected Cuban exped. Smith and Lovell, who were to have held important commands in the Cuban army, were employed, after the failure of that project, in connection with Messrs. Cooper and Hewitt's iron-works, Trenton, N.J. In 1858 Smith was made street-commissioner of New York, and Lovell became his deputy. He was at the same time captain of an art. com- pany known as the City Guard. Early in 1861 he was made a brig.-gen., then a maj. -gen.; Oct. 9, 1861, was given the com. at New Or- leans, where he remained until driven out by the Union forces under Admiral Farragut and Gen. Butler in the following April ; in May, 1862, he joined Beauregard at Corinth ; suc- ceeded to the com. of Polk's Corps, 14 June, and repulsed Slierman at Kenesaw 27 June, 1864. Lovewell, Capt. John, b. Dunstable, N.H. ; d. May 8, 1725. Son of John, an ensign in Cromwell's army, who d. in Dun- stable, aged 120. John, at the head of a com- pany of vols., led several successful expcds. against the Indians in 1724-5, but May 8, 1725, encountered a party of them under the celebrated Paugus, and was killed at the first fire. A long and mournful ballad commemo- rates this event. His bro. Zaccheus, col. of a N.H. regt. in the French war (1738-6.)), b. 24 July, 1701, d. 12 Apr. 1772. — .See Expeds. of Capt. L., ed. by F. Kidder, 1805. IiOW, Isaac, merchant of New York ; d. Eng. 1791. At first a prominent Whig, but afterwards a loyalist refugee ; was a member of the first Cont. Congress; an active mem- ber of the com. of corresp. ; member of the N.Y. Prov. Congress of 1775, but was arrested in 1776 on suspicion of holding corresp. with the enemy. In 1 782 he was pres. of the N.Y. Chamberof Commerce. He was attainted, his property was confiscated, and he went to Eng. His son Isaac became a commiss. gen. in the British army. — iafciW. Lowe, Col. John Williamson-, b. New Brunswick, N. J., Nov. 15, ISd'.l; kilkd at C.iruifex Ferry, Va., Sept. in, ISGl. During llii' Mcxic;!!! war he com. the 4lli Ohio regt. • I, ]<-t , ;iii>l iu Cox's brigade operated on the Kuuavvha liiver, fighting the battle which cleared the Kanawha Valley of Confed. sol- diers. Low, Samoel, poet, b. Dec. 12, 1765. Pub. at New York, in 1800, 2 vols, of poems, containing an ode and other verses on Wash- ington, patriotic and social pieces, and a de- scriptive poem of some length on winter. — Dui/clcincL Lowell, Mrs. Anna C, b. Boston. Has pub. " Theory of Teaching," 1841 ; " Edward's First Lessons" in Grammar," 1S43 ; " Gleanings from the Poets," 1843 ; " F-lw u T Fii -t Les- sons in Geometry," 1844 ; "': >:i'iP'<," 1843; "Outlines of Astrni.iH i Let- ters to Madame Pulkskv, I ,.J: 1 ii.Mj^hts on the Education of Girls," IbM; •■Seed- Grain for Thought and Discussion," 2 vols., 1836. Lowell, Charles, D.D. (H.U. 1823), clergyman, son cif Ju.li^f John, b. Boston, Aug. 15, 178J; .1. Cainiiri.lur. Jan. 20,1861. H.U. 1800. Hi. an. , .lo,-, 1',, rival of Bristol, Eng., settled in ^^'\vlll^T, -Ms., iu 1639, d. there 1663. His early education was received at Medford and at Andover Acad. He began to study law in Boston, but soon turned his attention to theology. In 1802 he visited Europe; studied two years at Edinburgh, and returned to the U.S. in 1805. Jan. 1, 1806, he was settled as minister of the West (Cong.) LO-W 566 Church in Boston, where he continued till his death. In 1837-40 he travelled extensively in Europe and the East. He pub. 2 vols, of sermons (Boston, 1855), besides many occa- sional discourses. Father of J. R. and K. T. S. Lcvell. Lowell, Brig.-Gen. Charles Russell, b. Boston, Jan. 2, 18-35 ; d. near Middletown, Va., Oct. 20, 1864, of wounds in the battle of Cedar Creek. H.U. 1854. Grandson of Rev. Charles. He was employed some time in steel and iron works, and on the Burlington and Mo. River Railroad, and in the spring of 1861 was superintending iron-works in the Cumber- land Valley, Md. When the Rebellion broke ont, he was one of the first to offer his services. Capt. 6th Cav. May 14, 1861 ; served on the staff of Gen. McClellan, until in Nov. 1862, he organized the 2d Ms. Cav., and was made its col. Apr. 15, 1863. He saw much service in Va., much of the time having a brigade of cav. under him; and was actively engaged in pursuing Mosby's Guerillas. Made brig. gen. Oct. 19,1864, on Gen. Sheridan's recommen- dation, for services in the Shenandoah Valley. He was a man of much culture and soldierly capacity. James Jackson, a younger bro., d. near Richmond, Va , July 4, 1862, of a wound at Glendale. H.U. 1858. Lowell, FR.iNCis Cabot, merchant, son of Judge John, b. Newbiiryport, Apr. 7, 1775 ; d. Boston, Aug. 10, 1817. H.U. 1793. In- fluential in introducing the cotton manuf. into the U.S., by the establishment at Waltham, Ms., and by procuring the protective clause in the tariff act. The city of Lowell was named for him. Lowell, James Rossell, poet, son of Rev. Charles, b. Cambridge, Ms., Feb. 22, 1819. H.U. 1838; Camb. Law School, 1840. Adm. to the bar in 1840, and opemd an of- fice in Boston, but soon devoted himself en- tirely to literature. In 1841 he pub. a vol. of poems entitled " A Year's Life." In 1843, in conjunction with Robert Carter, he pub. 3 nos. of The Pioneer, a literary and critical maga- zine. He pub. another vol. of " Poems " in 1844; in 1845 a vol. of prose entitled " Con- versations on some of the Old Poets :" a sec- ond series of his poems in 1848 obtained great popularity among the opponents of slavery. He also pub. in 1848 " The Vision of Sir Launfal," a poem, and "The Biglow Papers," a witty and humorous political satire. In 1848 also appeared anonymously "A Fable for Critics," an ingenious rhymed essay upon the principal living American authors. Be- tween July, 1851, and Dec. 1852, Mr. Low- ell was travelling in Europe. In the winter of 1854-5 he delivered at the Lowell Institute a course of lectures on the British Poets. After a year, chiefly passed in study at Dresden, he returned home in Aug. 1855, and succeeded Mr. much for the. N.A. Review, Putnam's Monthly, the London Daily News, the National Anti- slavery Standard, and other periodicals ; and in 1857-62 edited the Atlantic Monthly. Several editions of his poems have appeared in Eng. He has also pub. "Fireside Travels," 1864; a new series of " The Biglow Papers ; " and in 1863, in connection with Charles E. Norton, undertook the editorship of the TV. Amer. Re- view. " The Cathedral," a poem, appeared in the Atlantic in 1869 ; " Under the Willows and Other Poems," 1869; and in 1870 "Among my Books ; " and " My Study Windows." His wife, Maria (White), poetess, b. Watertown, Ms., July 8, 1821, d. Cambridge, Oct. 27, 18.53. A vol. of her poems was privately printed in Cambridge, 1855. Lowell, John, LL D. (H.U. 1792), jurist and statesman, b. Newbury, Ms., June 17, 1743; d. Roxbury, Ms., May 6, 1802. H.U. 1760. Son of Rev. John, minister of New- buryport in 1726-67. Adm. to the bar in 1762, he soon became eminent, and removed to Boston in 1777. In 1776 he was a member of the legisl. and an officer of militia ; member of the legisl. from Boston in 1778; delegate to the State Const. Conv. in 1780 ; member of the Old Congress 1782-3; a commiss. to establish the boundary-line between Ms. and N.Y. in 1784 ; judge of the Court of Appeals in 1783-9 ; of the U.S. Dist. Court, for Ms. in 1789-1801 ; and in 1801 chief justice of the Circuit Court for Me., N.H., Ms., and R I. ; member of the com. by whicfi the constitution of Ms. was draughted, and inserted in the " Bill of Rights " the clause declaring that " all men are born free and equal," for the avowed purpose of abolishing slavery in Ms. At the bar he was the formidable rival and fre- quent competitor of Theophilus Parsons. He was active in establishing the Acad, of Arts and Sciences, before which he delivered an ora- tion on the death of Pres. Bowdoin, Jan. 26, 1795, prefixed to the 2d vol. of its Memoirs. Author of an English poem (no. 3) in the Pie- tas et Gialulutio, 1761. Some of his Letters are in the Hist. May., vol. i. Lowell, John, LL.D. (H.U. 1814), law- yer and author, b. Newburvport, Ms., 6 Oct. 1769; d. Bo,lon, 12 Mar. 1*840. H.U. 1786. Son of Jud^-e John. Adm. to the bar in 1789, and practised MRCus>fully until 1803, when he visited Europe. After his return he wrote, ■ under a vaiiety of signatures, upon politics, agriculture, theology, and other topics for the press, and pub. some 25 pamphlets. He at- tacked with great severity the supporters of the war of 1812, and exerted a great influence upon public opinion in Ms , but would never take oflSce; a founder of the Ms. Gen. Hos- pital, the Boston Athemeum, the Savings Bank, and the Hospital Life-insurance Co., and many years pres. of the Ms. Agric. Soc. He possessed, said Mr. Everett, " colloquial powers of the highest order," and wielded "an accurate, elegant, and logical pen." Lowell, John, Jun., founder of the Low- ell Institute at Boston, b. there May U, 1799; d Bombay, March 4, 1836. Son of Francis Cabot. Educated at the High School of Edin- burgh, and at H.U. until in 1815 his poor health compelled him to make a tour abroad. He spent a few years in commercial pursuits ; but iu 1831, having inherited a fortune, he was able to indulge his strong passiou for trav- elling. He was a superior scholar, and pos- sessed one of the best private libraries in Amer- 567 ica. He bequeatheJ ab. $250,000 to main- tain forever in his native city annual courses of free lectures on natural and revealed re- )i;;ion, physics and chemistry, with their ap- plication to the arts, botany, zoology, geoloKy, and mineralogy, philology, literature, and elo- ?ucnce. This establishment, " The Lowell nstitute," went into operation in the winter of 1839-40. Lowell, Robert Traill Spence, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1854), author, son of Rev. Charles, b. Boston, Oct. 9, 1816. H.U. 1833. His early education was received at Round Hill School, Northampton. In 1842 he was ord. a clergyman of the Church of Eng. by the bishop of Newfoundland and Bermuda, to whom he was chaplain, first at Bermuda, and then at Newfoundland, where he was for some years rector of Bay Roberts. He was afterward rec- tor of Christ Church, Newark, N.J. ; was subse- quently settled in Duancsburg, N.Y., and is now (1871) head master of St. Mark's School, Southliorough, Ms. In 1858 he pub. at Bos- ton a novel of Newfoundland life and scenery, " The New Priest in Conception Bay," a new ed. of which, illustrated bv Darley, app. in 1863; and in 18G0 "Fresh Hearts that failed 3,000 Years ago, and other Poems." Lowndes, Rawlins, lawver and states- man, b. British W. Indies, 1722; d. Charles- ton, S.C, Aug. 24, 1800. He was educated in Charleston, where his parents settled when he was very young. He practised law with great success; in 1766 was app. by the crown associate judge; in 1775 he was" one of the com. of safety ; in 1776 he was one of a com. to draught a constitution for the province, and subsequently a member of the legislative coun- cil. Elected pres. of the province in 1778, he exerted himself energetically in its defence, but was unable to prevent the capture of Chai-leston, and was himself for some time a prisoner. As a member of the S.C. legisl. he strenuously opposed the adoption of the Federal Constitu- tion, objecting to the restrictions which it im- posed upon the slave-trade, to the clause giving power to Congress to regulate commerce, and to the centralization of power in the Federal Govt. He closed one of his speeches against it thus: "I wish no other epitaph than this, ' Here lies one who opposed the Federal Con- stitution, holding it to be fatal to the liberties of his country.' " Thomas his son, M. C. 1800-5, disting. for talent and eloquence iu de- bate, b. Charleston, 1765, d. there July 8, 1843. Lowndes, William Jones, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1822), son of Rawlins, statesman, b. Charleston, S.C, Feb. 7, 1782 ; d. at sea, Nov. 27, 1822. From his 7th till his lOih year he was educated in Eng., completing his prepara- tory studies under Dr. Gallaher; he was grad. at Charleston Coll.; studied law with Chancel- lor De Saussure, and was adm. to the bar in 1804, having previously m. Elizabeth, dau. of Gen. Thomas Pinckney. He was in the Gen- eral Assembly of S.C. from 1806 to 1810, and was M.C. in 1810-22. He co-operated with the Republican party of his time ; was a sup- porter of the war of 1812; a frequent speaker upon subjects of importance ; and was chair- man of the com. of ways and means from 1818 to 1822. Lowrey, George, Cherokee chief, b. on the Tenn. River, al). 1770; d. Oct. 20, 1852. Hewas one of the delegates who visited Wash- ington in 1791 and at the treaty of 1819; a member of the conv. which framed the consti fution of the nation in 1827, and was elected assist, principal chief. He sustained various offices, and was an honest man and a pure pa- triot. He wrote a tract on temperance in Cher okee, and assisted in translating the Scriptures. Lowrie,WALTER, statesman, b. Edinburgh, 10 Dec. 1784; d. N.Y.City, 14 Dec. 1868. In 1791 his parents settled in Armstrong Co., Pa. Walter acquired a good education ; for many years represented Butler Co. in the State le- gisl.; was U.S. senator 1819-25; sec. U.S. senate 1825-36 ; and 32 years sec. Presb. Board of Foreign Missions. Lowrie, Rev. Walter Macon, b. Butler, Pa., 18 Feb. 1819; d. Aug. 19, 1847. Jeff. Coll. 1837. Son of Hon. Walter. He studied at Princet. Theol.Scm.; was ord. 9 Nov. 1841, and sailed to China to join the Presb. Mission there Jan. 19, 1842. He labored successfully at Macao and at Ningpo. He was thrown into the sea bv pirates when ab. 12 miles' sail from ChapoOi'in 1847. A Memoir by his father was pub. N.Y. 8vo, 1849. He was author of " Let- ters to Sabb. School Children ; " " The Land of Sinim," Phila., 18mo, 1846; "Sermons preached in China," 8vo, 1851 ; " Missions in Tonjceand Feejce," 12mo, 1852. — AIMone. Loyaute, Anne Philippe Dieddonne DE, a French artillery officer, b. Mctz, 1750; d. ab. 1830. He served under his father in the art. in Germany and in Corsica. A capt. in 1776, he was sent with 50 field-pieces and 10,- 000 muskets to the state of Va. ; remained in this country, and served through the war as insp. gen. of art. and fortifications in Va. He attained the rank of lieut.-col., and served as engineer under Steuben in the trenches of Yorktown. During the rcvol. in France, he was a royalist, and suffered imprisonment and exile, but was suffered to remain in obscurity after the restoration, and d. in a state of com- plete destitution. Lucas, John B. C, D.C.L. (U. of Caen, 1782), politician and jurist, b. Normandv, ab. 1762; d. St. Louis, Sept. 1842. Son of the chief justiciar of N. He practised law two years, and in 1784 crossed the Atlantic, and ' located himself on a farm near Pittsburg, Pa. In 1792 he entered public life. Served in the legisl. of Pa. several years, and as judge of the C.C.P. in the district where he resided. M.C. 180.3-5, and in 1805-20 was judge of the U.S. Court in Upper La. He was also app. commiss. for the adjustment of Land Titles in Upper La. ; at the same time was app. judge, and continued a member of the board until its dissolution in 1812. His son, James H. Lucas, was a banker of St. Louis, and a prominent citizen. Lucas, Robert, statesman, b. Shepherds- town, Va., 1 Apr. 1781 ; d. Iowa City, 7 Feb. 1853. His father, a capt. in the Revul. army, was descended from William Penn. Ho removed to Ohio in 1800, where he rose to the rank of UlTD 568 Lxj:sr maj.-tjen. of militia; app.capt. 19tliU.S.Iiif. 14 Mar. 1812; lieut.-col. 20 Feb. 181.3; resijjned 30 June, 181.3; brig. -gen. of Ohio militia in defence of the frontier 181.3 ; member Oliio legist. ISU; pres. of the Democ. nat. convent, which in May, 1832, renominated Jackson for a second pres. term; gov. of Ohio 1832-6; first terr. gov. of Iowa 1838-41. Gov. L. was a prominent Mason ; a man of strong impulses, and strict integrity. — A. T. Goodman's Ms. Memoir. Ludewig, Herman Ernst, author of " Literature of American Local History," b. Dresden, Saxonv, Oct. 14, 1809 ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Dec. 12, 1856. He received a fini.shed education in his native country ; came to NY. City in 1842, and practised law. His book, printed in 1846, was never pub., but was given away to friends and public institutions. A supplement was issued in 1848, relating entirely to the State of N.Y. A philological work by him, "Bibliotheca Glottica," was actually in press in London, and was announced to ap- pear Dec. 15, three days after the author's death. In 1854 he communicated to the Soci&g de G^x/raphie of Paris an article entitled " De L'Ulstoire des Aboriijinies da Mexirjue," printed in the 9th vol. 4th series of its Bul- letins, i. 119. He contrih. fn Naiimann's "Seiapeum" articles on Aninican IJIiraries, " Aids to American Bibli.ii;ni|il.v,' ;ui.l ■■ The Book-Trade of the U.S." — //,n^ ,l/„y. i. 23. Ludlow, FiTZ Hugh, njagazine writer, son of Rev. Henrv G. of Poughkeepsie, N.Y., b. 1837 ; d. Geneva, Switzerland, 13 Sept. 1870. He began his contribs. to N.Y. journals in 1855; afterwards wrote for Harper's Maij. a series of stories, collected under the title of "Little Brother ;" pub. in 1857 the "Hash- eesh-Eater," and afterward " The Heart of tlie Continent" on a journey he had made across the plaiii.s and " The Opium Habit." His heal til bad been destroyed by the use of hasheesh Ludlow, Gabriel G., lovalist of N.Y. ; d. Oct. 4, 1808, a. 72. In 1782 he was col.- com. of De Lancy's 3d batt. ; went to New Brunswick at the peace ; was mayor of St. John in 1785; was in 1792 judge of vice- admiralty; a member of the council; col. of militia; and in 1803, on the deposition of Gov. Carleton, was sworn in as cora.-in-chief. — SaUne. ' Ludlow, George DnscAs, jurist and loyalist of N.Y., bro. of the preceding ; d. Frederiekton, N.B., Feb. 12, 1 808. In Dec. 1 769 he was app. one of the judges of the Supreme Court ; In 1780 he was app. master of the rolls, and supt. of police on Long Island. His large estates on L.I. were confi>cated ; and he re- tired to New Brunswick in 1 78,3, where he was a member of the first council, and, as senior coun- sel, administered the govt. ; and was tiie first chief justice of the Supreme Court. — Sabine. Ludlow, John, D.D., LL.D., divine, b. Aquackanonk, N. J., Dec. 13, 1793; d. Phila. Sept. 8, 1857. Ua. Coll. 1814. His grand- father Richard was an officer of the llevol. After studying law, he entered the N. Bruns- wick Theol. School ; was tutor at Un. Coll. one year ; completed his studies in 181 7, and became pastor of the R.D. Church, N. Brunswick ; in 1818 he became prof, of biblical literature ; and from 1823 to 1834 was pastor of the church in Albany ; provost of the U. of Pa. from 1834 to 1852, when he took the chair of eccl. history in the Theol. Sem. of the R.D. Church, N. Bruns- wick, N.J. — Simpson. Ludlow, Roger, dep.-gov. of Ms. (1634) and of Ct. ; was a "pious gentleman of good family " in the west of Eng. who came with the first settlers of Dorchester in 1630. He was an assist. 4 years. Failing to be chosen gov. in 1634, he went in 1635 with the settlers of Wiii'Kor, C't., where he was 19 years a ni;i^i.ii;iii Ml- tlr|i — ijv.,andone ofthe commi.ss. of t!i. Millie. 1 C'ulunies. In 1639 he removed to FairlielJ, the inhabitants of which, in 1653, having declared war against the Manhadoes, chose Ludlow com.-in-chief. The Gen. Court of New Haven discountenanced the project, in consequence of which Mr. Ludlow embarked forVa. in Apr. 1654, with his family. The time and place of his death are unknown. His dau. Sarah m. rev. Nath'l. Brewster of Brook- haven. John Endicott was his bro.-in-law. Well versed in jurisprudence, he compiled the first Ct. code of laws, printed in 1672. Lumpkin, Joseph Henry, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1851), jurist and scholar, b. Oglethorpe Co., Ga., Dec. 23, 1799 ; d. Athens, Ga., June 4, 1867. N.J. Coll. 1819. He studied law in the ofince of Judge Cobb ; was adm. to the bar in Oct. 1820 ; began practice at Lexington, Ga., and took high rank as a lawyer. After a successful career of 24 years, he retired from practice. Elected judge of the Supreme Court of Ga. in his absence in 1845 ; he was thrice re-elected for the term of 6 years, without op- position. Elected prof, of rhetoric and oratory in the Ga. U. in 1846, he was compelled to decline. Long a prof, of law in the Lumpkin Law School attached to the University. In 1855 he declined a seat on the bench of the Court of Claims. One of the compilers of the Penal Code of Ga. in 1833. Lumpkin, Wilson, statesman, b. Pittsyl- vania Co., Va., Jan. 14, 1783. Removed to tion ; studied l.aw ; served in the State legisl. a number of years ; was M.C. in 1815-17; and 1827-31 ; gov.of Ga. 1831-5 ; and U.S. senator in 1837-41. In 1823 he was app. by Pres. Monroe to mark out the boundary-line between Ga. and Fla. ; and by Gen Jackson was app. a commiss. under the Cherokee treaty of 1835. He was also a member of the boiird "of public works. He resided at Athens, Ga. Died 1871. Lundy, Benjamin, abolitionist, b. Hand- wich, N.J., Jan. 4, 1789; d. Lowell, III., Aug. 22, 1839. His parents were Quakers. Until 19 he labored on his father's farm, and after- ward removed to Wheeling, Va. Having set- tled in business in St. Clairs-vnlle, Va., in 1815, he founded an :i:ri I.n : , >n, i.-ry,nnd wrote an ajjpealontli . ]\.' H.' also con- trib. to a j..;i: i : / ■;',,/, ini!ui:pist. He then went tn Sl l.iui-, ■ In n-, lor near 2 years, he was eng.aged in the exposition ofthe slavery question. Returning to Mt. Pleasant, he com- menced in Jan. 1822 the Genius of Universal LTJlSr Emancipation, the office of which was soon re- moved to Jonesborough, Tenn., and thence in 1S24 to Baltimore. He visited Hayti in 1824, and the Eastern States in 1825, where he formed the acquaintance of Wm. Lloyd Garrison, af- terwards associated with him in editing his journal. lu 1828-9 he was assaulted for an alleged libel, indirectly censured by the Court, and soon afterward removed to Washington. He was the fir^t to establish antislavery peri- odicals, and to deliver antislavery lectures. Uis " Life and Travels," by Thos. Earl, was pub. in Phila. 1847. Ijunt, George, lawyer, author, and journal- ist, b. Newburyport, Ms., Dec. 31, 1803. H.U. 1824. Studied law ; was principal of the high school in Xcwburypor'; nri<' pr.icti^cdlawthere. He was several til; 1 ;i h 'n ■ i- of the State le- gisl.; began to w , : i i : : li poetiyatau early age. A vol . ^ j . , . :i i > . i i ! . i ; J ; another iu 1843, entitled " I'lje Aj^c ui Guid;" in 1851 " The Dove and the Eagle ; " " Lyric Poems," 1854; "Julia," 1855. In 1845 he delivered be- fore the Boston Mercantile Library Assoc, a poem called "Culture." In 1848 he removed to Boston; and from 1849 till March, 1853, was U.S. dist. atty. for Ms. From Mar. 1857 till 1862, and at a later period, he edited the Boston Courier, a conservative journal. His other pub- lications are " Eastford, or Household Sketch- es," 1855; "Three Eras of New England," 1857; "Radicalism in Religion, PhUosopliy, and Social Life," 1858; "The Union," a po- em, 1860; and "Origin of the Late War." Lunt, Rev. Willia.m Parsons, D.D. (H.U. 1855), a popular and eloquent Unitaiian divine, b. Newburyport, Apr. 21, 1805 ; d. Ak- bah in Arabia Pctrsea, March 20, 1857. H.U. 1823. Son of Capt. Henry. Studied law one year. Ord. pastor of the Second Unit. Church in New York 19 June, 1828, which he left Nov. 19, 1833, and was pastor of the Unit, church, Quincy, Ms., from June 3, 1835, to his d. He left home in Dec. 1856 to make the tour of Europe. His writings, both in prose and poe- ti-y, display a singularly pure taste and classic refinement, and have been much admired. Ho pub. a number of occasional discourses. IiUquede(da-loo'-ka),HER!JASDO, a Span- ish bishop of Peru ; d. 1532. He was a priest of Panama, when in 1525 he associated him- self with Pizarro and Almagro in an exped. for the conquest of Peru, furnishing the money for the enterprise. — See Hcr-r-ra; and Prescott's Conquest of Pent, Lusk, John, an aged soldier, b. Staten Is- land, N.Y., Nov. 5, 17J34; d. near McMinnviile, Tenn., Juue 8, 1838, a. 104. Of Dutch extrac- tion. He was in the military service nearly 60 years. He commenced this career when ab. 20, at the conquest of Acadie ; was present at the siege of Quebec ; saw the brave G^n. Wolfe fall on the Plains of jSbraham ; served in Arnold's expcd. to Canada ; was engaged in the erection of Fort Edward, and was there wounded ; was at the battle of Saratoga, the surrender of Burgoyne, and also of Comwallis ; and subse- quently served under Wajme in the campaign against the Indians. Luzenberg, Chakles A., surgeon, b. Verona, July 31, 1805; d. Cincinnati, July 15, 1848. Of Austrian parentage. He came with his family in 1819 to Phila., attending the lec- tures of the JetT. Med. Coll., giving special at- tention to surgery. In 1829 he went to N. Or- leans; became house surgeon to the Charity Hospital, and soon became celebrated in his profession ; established the Medical School, of which he was the first dean ; founded the Soci- ety of Nat. Hist, in 1839, and in 1843 the La. Medico-Chirurgical Society, of both which he was first pros. In 1832-4 he visited Europe. lie performed successfully many of the most diffi- cult surgical operations, such as the extirpation of the parotid gland, the excision of 6 inches of the ilium, and the tyin^ of the primitive iliac artery. — Gross's Med. Biog. Luzerne, Anne Cesar de la, LL.D. (H.U. 1781), a French diplomatist, b. Paris, 1741 ; d. Eng. Sept. 14, 1791. After having served in the Seven- Years' War, in which he rose to the rank of col., he abandoned the military career, resumed his studies, and turning his views to diplomacy, in 1776 was sent as cnvoy- extr. to Bavaria. In 1778 he was app. to suc- ceed Gerard as minister to the U.S.; amved in Phila. Sept. 21, _1779,_ and conducted him- self, during 4 years in which he remained there, with a prudence, wisdom, and concern for their interests, that gained him the esteem and aiTec- tion of the Americans. In 1780, when the American army was in the most destitute con- dition, and the government without resources, he aided with his purse in relieving the distress. In 1783 he returned to France, having received the most flattering expressions of esteem from Congress; and in 1788 was sent ambassador to London, where he remained till his d. When the Federal Govt, was organized, the sec. of state addressed a letter to the Chevalier de la Luzerne, by direction of Washington, making an express acknowledgment of his services, and the sense of them entertained by the nation. Lyell, SiK Charles, D.C.L. (Oxf. 1855), LL.D. (H.U. 1844), a British geologist, b. Kin- nordy, Forfarshire, Nov. 14, 1797. Oxf. U. B.A. 1819; M.A. 1821. Originally a lawyer. The lectures of Prof. Buckland turned his atten- tion to geology. The first vol. of his " Princi- ples of Geology " appeared in Jan. 1 830, and was received with great favor. This work in 1 838 was divided into two treatises, — the " Elements of Geology," and the "Principles;" and in 1851 the "Elements"appcarcd with the title of "Manual of Elementary Geology." In 1841 he' visited the U.S., delivered a couree of lectm-cs on geology in Boston, travelled extensively through the Northern and Middle States, and 2 " (2 vols. 8vo, Lond. 1845) contain the gen- eral results of this journey. The scientific papers connected with it are found in the "Pro- ceedings" and "Trans." of the Gool. Soc. of Lond., the " Reports of the British Associa- tion," and the "Am. Journal of Science." In a second journey, made in Sept. 1845-June, 1846, he visited the Southern States, and passed up the Mpi. He pub. "A Second Visit to the U.S.," 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1849. In 1849 he was knighted ; was elected prcs. of the Geol. Society in 1836 and 1850; created a baronet in 1864. LYN He pub. in 1 863 " Geological EviJences of the Antiquity of Man," &c. Lyman, Henry, missionary, b. Northamp- ton, Ms., 1810; killed by the"Battahs at Su- matra, with Mr. Miinson, June 28, 1834. Arab. Coll. 1829. Son of Thcoilore. He pub. " Condition of Females in Pimaii Countries." Lyman, Joseph, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1801), minister of Hatfield, "41*., from ab. 1772 to his d., March 27, 1828; b. Lebanon, Ct., 1750. Y.C. 1767 ; tutor there 1770-1. He was an original member of the Amer. Foreiijn Mis- sionary Society, and from 1823 its pres. He pub. 18 occasional sermons, 1787-1821. — Lyman, Phine.^s, maj.-gen., b. Durham, Ct., ab. 1716; d. West Forida, 1775. Y.C. 1738; tutor there 1738-41. He was bred a weaver, but soon raised himself above this con- dition, engaged in mercantile pursuits, and finally settled as a lawyer in Sufficld. He took a conspicuous part in the dispute between Ct. and Ms. relative to the right of jurisdiction over the town of SufiBeld ; was for some yejrs a magistrate, held various public office*, and was app. maj.-gen. and com.-in-chief of the Ct. forces, and built Fort Lvman, now called Fort Edward, N.Y. He served under Sir William Johnson at the battle of Lake George, and, after Johnson was disabled, conducted the en- gagement to a successful issue. He served under Abererombie in 1758; was with Lord Howe when be was killed ; was at the capture of Crown Point, the surrender of Montreal; and in 1762 led the provincial troops against Havana. In 1763 he went to Eng. as the agent of his brother officers to receive their share of prize-money, also as agent of a company called the Military Adventurers, to solicit a grant of land on the Mpi. Deluded from year to year by idle promises, he sunk to imbecility, and returned in 1774, about which time a tract near Natchez was granted to the petitioners. He went thither with his eldest son and other emigrants, and died soon after reaching West Florida. The emigrants, after undergoing many hardships, were obliged, on the conquest of the country by the Spaniards in 1781-2, to take refuge in Savannah. Lyman, Theodore, mayor of Boston 1832-5, b. there Feb. 19, 1792; d. July 17, 1849. H.V. 1810. The son of a rich and liberal merchant of that city, he inherited a fortune. He received his early educatiou at Phillips Exeter Acad. In 1814 he visited Europe; afterward studied law, and made a second visit to Europe; in 1819 he began to take part in the business of public life ; was an efficient member of both branches of the legisl. ; delivered the 4th of July oration in Boston in 1820; and took an interest in the militia, and for a time was brig.-gen. ; was an active mem- ber of the State Hortic. Society, and at his decease gave to it $10,000; a trustee and liberal benefactor of the Farm School, to which at his decease he also bequeathed $10,000. He founded the State Reform School at West- borough, to endow which he first gave $22,000, and at his death bequeathed to it $50,000 more. Author of " A Few Weeks at Paris ; " " Politi- cal State of Italy," 1820; "Account of the Hartford Convention," 1823; "Diplomacy of the U.S.," 2 vols. 1828. Lyman, William, b, Northampton, Ms., 1753. Y.C. 1776. M. C. 1793-7; consul to London from 1805 to his d., Oct. 1811 ; mem- ber of the Ms. legisl. 1787 ; State senator 17S9; brig.-gen. of militia. IfHnan, William, D. D. (N. J. CMl. ISO^fminister of Haddam, Ct., and China, N.Y. ; d. 1833, a. ab. 70. Y.C. 1784. He pub. Election Serm. 1806; on the death of Mrs. Griswold of Lyme; Dedication Serm. at Leba- non, 1807; Ordination of J. Harvey, 1810. Lynch, Col. Charles, Revol. officer; d. soon after 1783, at Staunton, Campbell Co., Va, His bro. John was the founder of Lynch- burg, Va. ; and his son Charles, gov. of Mpi. 183.i-7, d. near Natchez, Feb. 16, 1853. At Guilford a regt. of riflemen under Col. Lynch behaved with great gallantry. The term " lynch law " was occasioned by his appre- hending, and causing to be punished without anv superfluous legal ceremony, a lawless band of Tories and desperadoes that infested that newly-settled country. — Va. Hist. Colls. Lynch, Isidore de, a French gen. of Irish descent, b. Lond. June 7, 1755 ; d. Aug. 4, 1821. He was educated at the Coll. of Louis le Grand at Paris; entered the army; made the campaigns of 1771-2 in India, and subse- quently those of the war of the United States. Before rejoining the army of Rochambeau, in which he was aide to the Marquis de Chastellux, he had taken part in the exped. of D'Estaing, and at the siege of Savannah exhibited a cool bravery worthy the record of it in the Memoirs of Count Segur. On his return to France he was made second col. of the regt. of Walsh, and received the cross of St. Louis. He was a lieut.-gen. at the battle of Valmy. — Diaj. Univ. iSiip/A. Lynch, Thosias, Jun., signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Prince George Parish, S.C., Aug. 5, 1749; d. at sea in the latter part of 1779. Of Austrian descent. His father, a man of great wealth and influence, having early espoused the cause of the Colonists, was a member of the Cont. Congress from 1774 till his d. in 1776. His son was educated at Eton and Cambridge, Eng.; afterward studied law at the Temple, but, before completing his course, returned to Amer. in 1772. Relinquishing the profession of the law, he settled upon a plantation on the North Santee River, presented to him by his father, and m. a Miss Shubrick. In 1 775 he was chosen a copt. in the 1st S.C. regt.; but, in consequence of the illness of his father, toward the close of that year was elected to fill his scat in Congress. The decline of his health obliged him in the au- tumn of 1776 to retire from public employment. Near the close of 1779 he embarked for St. Eu- statia, with the intention of visiting Europe, and, by some unknown accident, perished, with aU the ship's company, at sea. Lynch, William F., naval officer, b. Va. 1801 ; d. Baltimore, Oct. 17, 1865. Midshipra. Jan. 26, 1819; lieut. May, 1828; com. Sept. 1849 ; capt. Apr. 1856. Iii 1847 he planned an exped. to explore the course of the River Jordan and the shores of the Dead Sea ; sailed in Nov. for Smyrna ; arrived with his party iu the Bay 571 LYO of Acre Mar. 31, 1848, and in April was up- on the Lake of Tiberias, and commenced the navigation of the Jordan to the Dead Sea, which they reached Apr. 18. A thorough exploration was made ; and the depression of the Dead Sea below the Mediterranean was found to be 1,312 feet. Lieut. Lynch's narrative of this exped. has passed through 7 editions. He subsequent- ly planned an exploration of Western Africa, which was not executed. He is also the author of "Naval Life, or Observations Afloat and on Shore," 12mo, 1851. He resigned April 21, 1861 ; June 10, 1361, was app. a commodore in the Confed. navy ; led a flotilla in defence of lloanoke Island and the coast of N.C.; and was defeated (Feb. 9, 1862) by Flag-Officer Golds- borough. He was subsequently in com. of the defences of Smithville, near Fort Fisher, N.C. Lynde, Benjamin, chief justice of Ms., b. Salem, Sept. 22, 1666; d.Mar. 28, 1745. H.U. 1686. He studied law at the Temple, Lond. ; was app. judge in 1712, and eh. justice in 1729. Member of the council from 1723 to 1737. De- SLcnded from a Dorsetshire family. His son Ben-ja.min, jurist, b. Oct. 5, 1700, d. Oct. 9, 1731. H.U. 1718. From 1737 he was many years a member of tho council, representative, naval officer of the port, a judge of the Court of Sessions and C. PI., and, toward the close of life, judge of probate. Judge of the Supreme Judicial Court from 1745 to 1771. At the trial of Capt. Preston in 1770 ha presided in court. He resigned the office of chief justice in 1772. Lyndon, Josiah, gov. R.I. 1763, b. New- port, Mar. 10, 1721; d. Warren, Mar. 30, 1778. Lyon, Asa, minister, b. Pomfret, Ct., Dec. 31, 1763; d. South Hero, Grand Isle Co., Vt., April 4, 1841. Dartm. Coll. 1790. Pastor of the Cong, church at Sunderland, Ms., from Oct. 4, 1792, to Sept. 23, 1793; at South Hero, Vt., from Dec. 21, 1802, to Mar. 15, 1840; and was M.C. from Vt. in 1815-17. App. chief judge of Grand Isle Co. in 1 805, '6, '8, and '13 ; was a representative in 1802, '4, '5, '6, and '8, and from 1810 to 1314 ; was a member of the exec, coun- cil in 1803. Ho was an able preacher, and pub. sermons and patriotic addresses, indicating a high order of talent and scholarsliip. Lyon, MiRY, teacher, b. Buckland, Ms., Feb. 23, 1797 ; d. South iladley, Ms., Mar. 5, 1849. She commenced teaching at Shelbnme Falls in 1814 ; from the fall of 1821 till the spring of 1824 she taught in the Sanderson Acad., Ashfield; from 1824 to 1828 she was associated mth Miss Grant in teaching the Ad- ams Female Acad, at liondonderry, N.H., and aftenvard at Ipswich ; for 6 years, during winters, when the acad. was closed, she taught sjhool in Buckland and Ashland ; in the au- tumn of 1834 she resigned; and Nov. 8, 1837, she opened theMt. Holyoke Female Seminary, in South Hadley, over which she presided 12 years. A feature of her plan, to which there was much opposition, was, that the whole do- mestic labor of the institution was to be per- formed by the pupils and teachers; and it was intended to make the pupils independent of servants, to teach self-denial, to promote their health, and to preserve their interest in domes- tic duties. She pub. a pamplilet entitled " Ten- dencies of the Principles embraced and the Sys- tem adopted in the Mt. Holyoke Female Semi- nary " (1840), and the "Missionary Offering," 1843. — See Life and Labors of Marii Lmii, by Edward Hitchcock, D.D., 1851. Lyon, CoL. Mathew, politician, b. Wick- low Co., Ireland, 1746; d. Spadra Blulf, Ark., 1 Aug. 1822. Emigrating at the age of 13 to N.Y., and unable to pay for his passage, the captain of the ship, in accordance with the cus- tom of the time, assigned him for a sum of money to a fanner in Litchfield Co., Ct.,whom he served some years. Becoming a citizen of Vt., he was in 1775 a lient. in a company of " Green Moiratain Boys ; " was cashiered for deserting his post in the latter part of the year; was in 1777 temporary paym. of the Northern army ; was subsequently serving as commiss.- gen. and as col. of militia; and was in 1778 dep. sec. to the gov., and clerk of the Court of Confiscations. Founding the town of Fair- haven in 1783, he built saw-mills and grist- mills, established a forge, manufactured paper from basswood, and established the Freeman's Library, newspaper. He was 10 years a mem- ber of the lcgK-1.; assist, judge of Rutland Co. Court in 1786 ; M.C. 1797-1801, and had on the floor of Congress a personal dithculty with Roger Griswold, when an unsuccessful attempt was made to expel him ; gave the vote that made Jciferaon pres. ; and being in Oct. 1798 convicted of a libel on Pres. Adams, was con- fined 4 months in the Vergennes Jail, and fined $1,000, which was paid by his friends. Remov- ing to Ky., he was in its legisl. in 1801-3 ; was its rep. in Congress in 1803-11 ; tlien became bankrupt h-om the speculation of building gun- boats for the war of 1812; and in 1820 was made a factor among the Cherokee Indians in Ark., and was app. territorial delegate to Con- gress, but did not live to take his seat. His son Chittenden Lyon, M.C. from Ky. 1827- 35, d. Caldwell Co., Ky., Nov. 1842. Col. L. was rough and impetuous in manner, but was an able debater. — See pampUet notice of Lyon by Rev. Pliny H. White, 1853. Lyon, Nathaniel, brig.-gen vols., b. Ash- ford, Windham Co., Ct., July 14, 1319; killed at the battle of Wilson's Creek, Mo., Aug. 10, 1861. West Point, 1841. Grand-nephew of Col. Knowlton. Entering the 2d Inf. he dis- ting. himself in the Florida war; took part in the capture of Monterey in 1846; became 1st lieut. Feb. 1847 ; and, joining Gen. Scott, was present at Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo; com. his company at Contrcras and Cliuru- busco, winning the brevet of capt. ; and was wounded in the assault of the Bclen Gate, Mexico City. Ordered to California ; June 11, 1851, he became capt. ; was on active duty in Kansas during the Free-State troubles ; and, when the civil war broke out, was placed in com. of the arsenal at St. Louis. This he made secure against surprise ; and May 10, with the aid of several thousand " Home Guards," under Cols. Blair and Sigel, broke up the ren- dezvous of the secessionists at Camp Jackson ; brig.-gen. vols. 17 May, 1861; June 1 the com. of the dept. devolved on him. He broke up a Confederate force at Potosi, and caused several important seizures of war rnal&iel des- tined for Camp Jackson. Gov. Jackson, hav- 572 m:c^ ine called out 50,000 militia to " repel the in- vasion of the State," left for Booneville on the 14th ; Gen. Lyon followed him, defeating the militia on the 17th; he then marched to Springfield. Aug. 2, he defeated the Confede- rates under McCulloch at Dug Spring. Mc- Culloch having been joined by Gen. Price, thus making a force 4 or 5 times as large as his own, he determined, rather than abandon S. W. Mo., to risk a battle. He accordingly marched on and attacked the enemy on tlie 10th, at Wilson's Creek; and, after being twice wounded, was leading into action a regt. wliose col. had been killed, when he was struck by a minie-ball, and killed. Great honors were paid to his memory. He bequeathed nearly all his property, some $.30,000, to the govt, to aid in the preservation of the Union. In 1860, while stationed at Camp Kilcy, he pub. a series of letters in favor of Abraham Lincoln's election to the presidency, in a local newspaper, since collected in a vol., entitled " The Last Politi- cal writings of Gen. Nathaniel Lyon," with a memoir, 1862. Lyon, Richard, poet and preacher, was in 1644-7 private tutor to an English student at Cambridge. He lived with Pres. Dunster, with whom he was app. to revise Eliot's " Bay Psalms." In 1722 the 20th edition was pub. ; many passages from the other parts of the Bible, called " The Spiritual Songs of the Old and New Testament," are inserted. — Allen. Lyons, James Gilborne, LL.D. ; d. Jan. 2, 1868, at Haverford, near Phila., where he had for many years a select boys' school of a high character. He was an accomplished scholar, and pub. " Christian Songs, Transla- tions, and other Poems," Phila. 12mo, 1861. Lyons, Kichard Bickerton Pemell, baron, G.C.B., D.C.L., envoy-extr. to the U.S. Dec. 1858-reb. 1865, b. Lyniington, 26 Apr. 1817. Succeeded to the title of his father (Admiral Lyons) 23 Nov. 1858. Educated at O.xford. Attache at Athens (1839), Dresden (1852), Florence (1853); sec. of legation there 185S; envoy to Tuscany (1858) ; app. amb.as- sador to Constantinople in Aug. 1865 ; trans- ferred to Paris in July, 1867. Lytle, William Haines, soldier and poet, b. Cincinnati, Nov. 2, 1826; killed Sept. 20, 18G3, at the battle of Chickamauga. Cin. Coll. 1843. His great-grandfather Wm. was a capt. in the Pa. line, and emig. to Ky. in 1779. Wm. his grandfather, an early pioneer of Ohio, was famous in the border wars of the West, and under Jackson, his intimate per- sonal friend, held the surveyor-generalcy of public lands. .His father Robert T. Lytle, a Demoe. politician, and M.C. 1833-5, d. N. Or- leans, Dec. 21, 1839. Wm. H. studied law; served in the Mexican war as capt. in Irving's regt. ; resumed practice at its close ; was a member of the 0. legisl. ; was the unsuccess- ful candidate of the Democ. for lieut.-gov. in 1857 ; and became, soon after, maj.-gen. first division of 0. militia. At the commencement of the Rebellion he com. the 10th O. regt.; served in West Va. ; took part in the gallant attack upon Rich Mountain, July, 1861 ; and was wounded at the battle of Sunimcrville, Sept. 10, 1861. When sufficiently recovered, he took com. of the Bardstown camp of in- struction; and then of the 17th brigade under Gen. O. M. Mitchell, participating in the brilliant operations along the Memphis and Chattanooga Railroad ; at Perryville he was again wounded, and fell into the hands of the enemy, but was soon exchanged ; made brig.- gen. for gallantry Nov. 29, 1862 ; and subse- quently served under Gen. Rosecrans. Some of his poetry is collected in the " I'oets and Poetry of the West," by Coggeshall. Lyttleton, William Henry, Baron Westcote, gov. S. C. 1755-60, afterward gov. of Jamaica; d. 14 Sept., 1808. Envoy-ex. and rain, to Portugal 1766 ; made Baron Westcote 31 July, 1776; made Lord Lyttleton 13 Aug. 1794. Mably (mii-bli), Gabriel Bonnot, abbd de, a French author, b. Grenoble, 14 Mar. 1709; d. Palis, 23 Apr. 1785. A misunder- standing with his patron and relative, Cardinal Tencin, prevented his rise iu the Church. He wrote memorials and rciiurts fur Tciicin ; and it was from miiuites drawn up by liiiii fur the cardinal that he prepared his " Droit Public." Employed in 1743 in secret negotiations with the Prussian ambassador at Paris, he con- cluded a treaty against Austria; and also drew the instructions of the French minister at the congress of Breda. Besides several political and historical works, he wrote in 1784 "Sur les Constitalions iles Etats Unis de l'Am€nque," embodying his views on the prep- aration of the constitution, upon which he was consulted by Congress in 1783. This work contains many sentiments adverse to civil liberty and religions toleration, which are inconsistent with his previous opinions. McAdam, John Loudoun, originator of macadamized roads, b. Ayr, Scotland, 21 Sept. 17.^G; d. Dumfrieshire, 26 Nov. 1836. Li 1 770 he came to New York ; was adopted by his uriclc a merchant there, who acquired a fortune as agent fur the sale of prizes during the Rcvul. ; at the close of which he returned to his native land, having been compelled, as a loyalist, tu abandon most of his property. He began to e.vperiment upon the scientific construction of roads in 1810; succeeded, in spite of great opposition from the farmers, traders, and common people; and for his ser- vices was rewarded by govt, with a gift of £6,000 and the honor of knighthood ; the lat- ter he declined in favor of his son Sir James Nicholl McAdam. In 1827 he was made gen. surveyor of tlie metropolitan roads. His first wife was a Miss Nicholl of New York ; his sec- ond was a dan. of John Peter De Lancey. Author of " Kemarks on Road-Making," 8th ed. London, 1824. McAfee, Robert B., b. Mercer Co., Ky., 1784. The iMcAfees, George, James, and Robert (the father of R. B.), all energetic and determined men, left Sinking Creek, Botetourt Co., Va., June 1, 1773, and settled in Ky., where they were conspicuous in the Indian warfare of their times. R. B. was app. capt. in R. M. Johnson's regt. Ky. Vols., under Gen. Harrison in battle of the Thames ; lieut.-gov. of Ky. 1820-4; cliar(j£ d'affaires to Colombia 1835-7. Author of " History of Late War MCA 573 MCC in the Western Country," 8vo, Lexington, 1816. McAlester, Miles D., brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. 1834; d. Buffalo, N.Y., Apr. 23, 1869. West Point, 1856. Entering the engr. corps 2 May, 1861, he was made 1st lieut. ; capt. March 3, 1863; and maj. March 7, 1867; chief engr. 3rt army corps in the Army of the Potomac till Oct. 30, 1862, being in all its important battles, and winning two brevets; from Oct. 30, 1862, to Apr. 1863, chief engr. of the dept. of Ohio ; in June and July chief engr. at the siege of Vicksburg; assist, prof, of engr. at West Point from Sept. 1863, to July 15, 1864, when app. chief engr. of the railit. v:livision of West Mpi. ; engaged in the reduction of Forts Gaines and Morgan, Mobile Bay, in July and Aug., 1864, and of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, Mobile, in Apr. 1865. For these services he was brev. defences at Mobile aud leans, and in the improvement of the Mpi. Eiver. Engr. of the 8th Lighthouse dist. May 22, 1867. McAllister, Matthew H.vll, LL. D. (Col. Coll.), jurist, b. Savannah, Ga., 26 Nov. 1800; d. San Francisco, Cal., 19 Doc. 1865. Bred to the law, he was in 1827 app. U.S. dist. atty. for Ga., a post held by his father during Washington's admin. A leading lawyer and politician of Savannah ; some years its mayor ; an opponent of nullification in 1832; a promi- nent and Influential member of the legisl. in 1835; 5 years State senator; and caused the establishment of the Court of Errors; emig. with his family to Cal. in 1850 ; and from 1855 to 1862 was U.S. Circuit judge of that State. Author of a " Eulogy on President Jackson," and a vol. of legal opinions, pub. by his son. Maeanally, D.ivin Hice, Methodist di- vine, b. Granger Co., Tcnn., 17 Feb. 1810. Has pub. a Life of Mrs. Ramsay, and other biog- raphies ; and since 1851 has edited the Chris- tian Advocate, and had charge of the Meth. book-concern at St. Louis. Ord. Nov. 1831 ; preached in Tenn., N. C, and Va. ; and in 1843-51 was pres. of the Female Inst., Knox- ville. McArthur, Duncan, soldier, and gov. of Ohio 1830-2, b. Dutchess Co., N.Y., June 14, 1772; d. near Cbillicothe, O., 28 Apr. 1839. When only 8 years of age, his father removed to the frontier of Pa. At the age of 18, he volunteered in defence of the frontier against the hostile Indians, and served in Harmar's campaign. He also studied surveying, and acquired great landed wealth. In 1805 he was a member of the Ohio legisl. ; and in 1808 became major-gen. of militia; col. Ohio vols. May 7, 1812, and second in com. at Hull's sur- render; brig.-gen. Mar. 12, 1813; and, after serving 2 years as second in com., succeeded Gen. Harrison in 1814 in com. of the army of the West. In the latter part of this year he projected and partly accomplished a bold plan of conquering Upper Canada, which he was obliged to relinquish from the failure of the force.-* of Gen. Izard to co-operate with him. He had been elected to Congress by the Democ. party in 1813, bat declined leaving his com- mand. In ihe AdI of 1815 he was again elected to the legisl.; in 1816 was app. coramiss. to negotiate a treat;y with the Indians; in 1817 was again commiss. to conclude treaties with other tribes; and again elected a member of the legisl., and speaker of the house ; again in 1819 was returned to the same body; and M.C. in 1823-9. While gov. he met with an acci- dent by which he was horribly bruised and maimed, and from the effects of which he never recovered. McArtllur, John, brev. maj.-gen. U. S. Vols., b. parish of Erskine, Renfrewshire, Scot- land, Nov. 17, 1826. He worked in his father's blacksmith-shop till 23, when he emig., and settled in Chicago. Here, after working at boiler-making, he opened a boiler-factory of his own. Capt. of a militia company when the civil war broke out, he was soon chosen lieut.- col. and then col. 12th 111. Vols. He com. a brigade at the battle of Fort Donelson ; and, for gallantry on that occasion, was made brig.-gen. of vols. Mar. 21, 1862. He was wounded at Shiloh ; com. a division of McPherson's corps in the operations against Vicksburg ; and in A. J. Smith's corps at the battle of Nashville, for which he was brev. maj.-gen. McCall, George Archibald, brig.-gen., b. Phila. Mar. 16, 1802 ; d. West Chester, Pa., Feb. 25,1868. West Point, 1822. Aide to Gen. Gaines, Apr. 1831 to 1836 ; capt. Sept. 1836 ; disting. under Col. Worth in Florida war; brev. major and lieut.-col. " for gallant and dis- ting. services in battles of Palo Alto and R. de la Palma," May 9, 1846; assist, adj.-gen. (rank of major), July 7, 1846; major 3d Inf. Dec. 26, 1847; insp.-gen. June 10, 1850; re- signed Apr. 29, 1853, and settled in Chester Co., Pa. On his return from the Mexican war, he was presented with a sword by the citizens of Phila. When the civil war broke out, he organ- ized the Pa. Reserve Corps of 15.000 men. and was made brig.-gen. of vols. May 17, 1861. This force was converted into a division of 3 brigades, which he com. He planned the move- ment against Dranesville, Dec. 20, 1861, which resulted in a brilliant victory ; June 18, 1862, he joined McClcllan before Richmond ; was posted at Mechanicsville ; and June 26 fought a severe battle with a greatly superior force, whom he repulsed; on the 27th he fell back to Gaines's Mill, where he held the left of the Union line in the desperate battle of that day; and on the evening of the 30th, while reconnoi- tring, was captured, and, after a rigorous con- finement in Richmond, returned to his home in Chester Co., with health much impaired, about the middle of Aug. Aug. 26 he received a sword from the citizens of Chester Co. Re- signed Mar. 31, 1863. Author of " Letters from the Frontiers," &c., Phila. 12mo, 1868. McCall, Ed-htard R., capt. U. S. N., b. Charleston, S.C, Aug. 5, 1790; d. Borden- town,N.J., July 31,1853. Midshipman Jan. 1, 1808; lieut. Mar. 11,1813; and in the autumn of that year served on board the brig " Enter- prise," com. by Lieut. Burrows. In the action with the British brig " Boxer," Sept. 4, 1813, Lieut. Burrows was mortally wounded; and the command devolved on Lieut. McCall, who suc- ceeded in capturing the enemy's ship. For 574 this service he received a gold medal from Con- gress. Master com. Mar. 3, 1825; capt. Mar. 3,1835. McCall, Hugh, major U. S. A., b. S. C. 1767; d. Savannah, Ga., July 9, 1824. En- sign of inf. May 12, 1794; dep. paym.-gen. Jan. 31, 1800; ca'pt. Aug. 1800; military store- keeper at Savannah, Mar. 31, 1818, at Charles- ton, S.C, May, 1821. He pub. "A History of Georgia," 2 vols. 8vo, 1816. MeCaUa, Daniel, D.D. (S.C. Coll.), b. Neshaminy, Pa., 1748; d. Wappetaw, S.C, Apr. 6, 1809. N. J. Coll. 1766. Licensed to preach 20 July, 1772. He taught an acad. in Phila. ; was ord. pastor of N. Providence and Charleston, Pa., in 1774; was chaplain with Gen. Thomson, and captured at Trois Kiviferes, in 1776. After his exchange, at the close of the year, he taught an acad. in Hanover Co. He was 21 years minister of the Cong, church at Wappetaw, S.C, and was a learned and elo- quent, as well as a useful man. His sermons and essays, with a Life by Hollingshead, were pub. in 2 vols., 1810. McCaul, Rev. J., D.D., an eminent Ca- nadian scholar, b. Dublin ab. 1810. At Trin- ity Coll. he obtained the highest honors, and was classical tutor and examiner. In Nov. 1838 he was app. principal of the Upper Can- ada Coll., entering upon its duties in Jan. 1839 ; in 1842 vice-pres. of Kings Coll., and prof, of classics, logic, rhetoric, and belles-let- tres ; pros, of the U. of Toronto, formerly Kings Cull. ; in 1849, and since 1853, pres. of University Coll. Toronto, and vice-chancellor of the U. of Toronto. Author of Disquisitions on the Greek Tragic Metres, the Horatian Me- tres, Scansion of the Hecuba and Medea of Euripides, lectures on Homer and Virgil, and has edited some of the classics, also a Canadi- an monthly, the Mapie-Leaf, and an intercsiing article ou Latin inscriptions in the Canadian Journal. He is also composer of some anthems and other pieces of music. — Morgan. McCauley, Charles Stewart, com. U.S.N., b. Pa. 1793; d. Washington, 21 May, 1869. Midshipm. 16 Jan. 1809 ; lieut. 9 Dec. 1814; com. 3 Mar. 1S31 ; capt. 9 Dec. 1839. Nephew of Adm. Stewart. At the breaking- out of the Rebellion, he com. the Norfolk Navy Yard, and destroyed the property there to prevent its falling into rebel hands. McCaulle, Thomas Harris, D.D. ; d. Savannah, Ga., ab. 1800. N.J. Coll. 1774. He was in 1776 ord. a Presbyt. minister in the western counties of N.C., and was several years pres. of the coll. at Waynesborough, S. C Eminent for eloquence and for classical and scientific knowledge. McClellan, George, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1819), ]ihvsician, b. Woodstock, Ct., Dec. 23, 1796; d. 'Phila. May 9, 1847. Y.C. 1816. In 1825 Dr. McClellan, with a few able co-ad- jtitors, founded in Phila. the Jeff. Med. Coll., and in 1839 that of Pa. at Gettysburg. He was remarkably successful as a practitioner, particularly renowned as a surgeon, and evinced great boldness and originality in his mode of action. He was prof, of surgery in Jefi'. Coll. in 1826-38, and at Gettysburg in 1 839-43 ; popi liar as a lecturer; contrib. largely to the med. journals ; and left behind him a work, which was pub. after his decease, on the Principles and Practice of Surgery. — Gross's Sled. Biog. McClellan, Gen. George Brinton, b. Phila. Dec. 3, 1826. U. of Pa. 1842. West Point, 1846. Son of the preceding. Ordered to Mexico, as lieut. of sappers, miners, and pontoniers. At the siege of Vera Cruz he was in Worth's division, and was commended in the official reports ; he was specially mentioned for gallantry at Cerro Gordo and Mexico city ; at Contreras and Churubusco he won the brev. of 1st lieut., and at Molino del Rey that of capt., which he declined, but accepted it for meritorious conduct at Chapultepec. In 1847 he took com. of his company, with which, after the war, he was sent to West Point as instruc- tor of bayonet-exercise. His " Manual " trans- lated from the French, became the text-book of the service. In 1852 he accomp. C':ipt. R. B. Marcy (now his father-in-law) on an exped. to explore the Red River; and in Sept., with Gen. C. F. Smith, as senior engr. surveyed the rivers and harbors of Texas. In Apr. 1853 he was detailed for the examination of the western part of the proposed line of a route for a Pacific Railroad. He explored the Yakina Pass, and various portions of the Cascade range, and the most direct route to Puget's Sound ; his report forming the 1st vol. of " Pa- cific Uailroad Surveys," pub. by govt. His next service was a secret mission to San Domingo; 1st lieut. July, 1853 ; capt. 1st Cavalry, March, 1854. In the spring of 1855 he was sent with Majors Delafield and Mordecai to Europe to study the organization of European armies, and observe the war in the Crimea. Capt. McClel- lan's report on " The Armies of Europe " was repub. in Phila. in 1861. Resigning in Jan. 1857, he acted 3 years as vice-pres. and engr. of the III. Central Railroad ; then became gen. supt. of the Ohio and Mpi. Railroad, and, two months later, pres. of the eastern division of the same road. When civil war broke out, he was made maj.-gen. by the gov. of Ohio, and took com. of the vols', of Ohio, Ind., and 111. in the dept. of the Ohio. A brief campaign followed, during which, in June and July, the whole of N. W. Va. was cleared of Confed. troops. July 22, he was ordered to take conj. of the national troops on the Potomac ; was made maj.-gen. of the regular army, dating from May 14; and on the retirement of Gen. Scott, Nov. 1, he was app. gen.-in-chief. Mar. 6, 1862, a general advance was ordered to Ma- nassas Junction. The Confederates having evacuated that place, he embarked his main body for the peninsula. Yorktown was evacu- ated May 4, after a siege of 1 month. Mean- while, he was relieved of all his commands ex- cept that of the Army of the Potomac. After the defeat of the Confederates at Williamsburg and Hanover Court House, he took up a posi- tion on the Chickahominy ; finding his line too much extended, he resolved to retreat to the James River. The whole of this difficult flank movement, begun June 27, was a contin- uous battle. July 2, they reached a position of safety at Harrison's La'nding on the James, where, protected by thegunboats.thcy remained 575 nntil Aug. 24 : the army was then with- drawn in safety, Gen. Pope effecting a diversion In McClellan's favor by a movement toward Richmond from the north. At the close of Gen. Pope's Va. campaign, he resumed his old command. When Gen. Lee invaded Md., Mc- Clellan attacked and defeated him in the bat- tle of Antictam, Sept. 17 ; but, on the following day, Leo safely rcerossed the Potomac. Fail- ing seasonably to resume operations, though expressly ordered so to do, he was relieved of his com. Nov. 7, and resigned his com. in the army 8 Nov. 1864. A commission to investi- gate the surrender of Harper's Ferry, Sept. 15, severely censured Gen. McClellan for failing to relieve or protect that place. He was the unsuccessful Democ. candidate for the presi- dency in 1864. Besides the works above men- tioned, Gen. McClellan has written " Regula- tions and Instructions for the Field-Service of the U. S. Cavalry in Time of War," "Euro- pean Cavalry," and " Report on the Org. and Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac," &c., 12mo, N.Y., 1864. — See Life of McCieUan, 6y Geo. S. mihrd. MoClellandjRoBERT, statesman, b. Green Caslle, Franklin Co., Pa., 1807. Adm. to the bar in 18.31 ; practised law at Pittsburg in 18,33 i removed to Mich., and established him- self at Monroe. He was an ardent, able, and eloquent member of the convention which formed the constitution of Mich, in 18.35, pre- paratory to her admission into the Union ; and served several years in the State legisl., being speaker of the house in 1843; M.C. 1843-9; gov. of Mich, in 1852 and '53 ; and was sec. of the interior in 1853-7. Practises law in De- troit. McClernand, John Alexandek, maj.- gen. vols , b. Breckenridge Co., Ky., May 30, 1812. His father dying in 1816, his mother re- moved to Shawneetown, 111., where he worked on a fiirm. He was adm. to the bar in 1832 ; volunteered in the war against the Sacs and Foxes, and then engaged in trade. In 1835 he established the Shawneetown Dimocrat; re- sumed the practice of law ; was a member of the legisl. in 1836, '40, and '42 ; and was M.C. in 1843-51. In 1860 he was chosen to Con- gress from the Springfield dist., and served until the opening of civil war, when he re- signed, returned to III., and, with Cols. Logan and Fonke, raised the McClernand brigade. Made brig-gen. May 17, 1861; he aecomp. Gen. Grant to Belmont; greatly disting. him- self at Fort Donelson; was made maj.-gen. March 21, 1862; com. a division at the battle of Shiloh 6-7 April ; succeeded Gen. Sherman as com. of an army in Mpi. in Jan. 1863; and was disting. at Ark. Post, Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Big Black River, and Vicks- burg. He com. the 13th army corps at the time of his resignation, 30 N.iv. 1864. McClintOCk, Sir Francis Leopold, arctic explorer, b. Dundalk, 1819. Entering the navy ab. 1831, he became a lieut. in 1845 ; aecomp. Ross's exped. in search of Sir John Franklin in 1848-9; disting. himself in subse- quent expeds. ; and performed remarkable leats in sledge-travelling. Sent by Lady Franklin in 1857 in " The Fox," in a final search for tid- ings of Sir John; in Mav, 1859, he found at Point Victory, on King William's Island, the record of Franklin's death, and the remains of the last survivors of his party. Returning in Sept. 1859, he was knighted, and received va- rious honors and rewards. Author of a " Narrative of the Discovery of the Fate of Sir John Franklin," 1860. Macclintoek, John, D.D., LL.D., cler- gyman, h. Phila. 1814; d. Madison, N. J., 4 Mar. 1870. U. of Pa. 1835. He became a member of the N. J. Conf., and, after being a short time in the Meth. ministry, was In 1837 elected prof, of mathematics in Dick. Coll., and was in 1839 transferred to the chair of ancient languages. While at Carlisle, he translated, with Blumenthal, Neandcr's " Life of Christ," and, with Prof. Crooks, began a series of Latin and Greek text-books. He edited the Meth. Qnarlerly Review \a 1848-56, when he was app. a delegate of his church to the English, Irish, French, and German confer- ences. He was also present at the World's Convention at Berlin in 1856. On his return York. In June, 1860, he sailed for Paris to take charge of the American chapel there. Pres. of- the Drew Theol. Sem., Madison, N.J., from its organization in 1867, until his death. For several years he was, in connection with Dr. Strong, preparing a " Cyclop, of Sa- cred Literature," 3 vols, of which h.ive been pub. He pub. " Analysis of Watson's Theol. Institutes,'' " Temporal Power of the Pope," and ■' Sketches of Eminent Methodist Minis- ters," 8vo, 1854, and edited Bungener's " Hist, of the Council of Trent," 1855. Macclintoek, Samuel, D.D. (Y.C. 1791), divine, b. Medford, Ms., May 1, 1732; d. Greenland, N.H., Apr. 27, 1804. N. J. Coll. 1751. Ord. at Greenland, Nov. 3, 1756. A chaplain in the Old French War, and also chaplain of the N.H. troops in 1775 ; and was at the battle of Bunker's Hill, Trumbull's pic- ture of which makes him a prominent figure. Three of his sons fell in the struggle for liber- ty. He pub. occasional sermons, and an ora- tion commemorative of Washington, 1800. — N.E. n. and Gen. Reg. i. 249, x. 100. MeCloskey, John, D.D., R.C. archbp. of N.Y. (consec. 21 Aug. 1864), b. Brooklyn, N.Y. Ord. bishop of Axieren andco-adj. to f Bishop Hughes of N.Y. 10 Mar. 1844; trans- lated to the see of Albany 21 M-iy, 1847, offi- ciating at the Cathedral of St. Mary's. He In- stituted a female orph. asylum at Troy, and an- other, in 1852, in Albany, and inI855,at Utica, an acad. for boys. He Is one of the most pol- ished and eloquent of the R.C. clergy in the U.S. McCluney, William J., commo. U.S.N., b. Pa. 1796; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Feb. 11, 1864. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1812; was in the action between the " Wasp " and " Frolic," Oct. 18, 1812; lieut. Apiil 1, 1818; com. Dec. 9, 1839 ; capt. Oct. 13, 1851 ; commo. July 16, 1862, when he was retired. In 1853 he com. " The Powhatan," in Com. Perry's exped. to Japan. In 1856 he was app. supervisor of the construction of the " Stevens Battery," at New York. MCC 576 m:cc MeCluny, Col. Alexander K., lawyer, b. Mason Co., Kv., ab. 1812 ; il. by his own hand at Jack.son, Mp'i., 2.3 Mar. 1835. Nephew of Ch. Justice Marshall ; son of Judge Wm. McChing. When a lad, he enlisted in the navy ; afterward studied law, and practised in Mpi. ; was a lieut.-col. in the Mexican war, and dangerously wounded at Monterey ; and in 1849-51 was charge d'affaires to Bolivia. He delivered an able euloginm on Henry Clay, at the State Capitol in 1852. A bro. John A. is the author of " Sketches of Western Adven- ture," 12mo, Phila. 18.32. MeClure, Alexander Wilson, T).T>., Cong, clergyman, b. Boston, May 8, 1808; d. Canonsburg, Pa., 20 Sept. 1865. Amh. Coll. 1827. And. Sem. 1830. Ord. at Maiden 1832 ; preached there 1 1 years ; then in St. Augus- tine, Fla. ; returned to Boston, where he pub. and edited the Christian ObservatoriiS years ; was assist, editor of the Puritan Recorder 3 years ; again preached a few years at Maiden ; was 3 years pastor of the Grand-street Church, Jersey City ; succeeded Dr. Baird as sec. of tlie Anier. and For. Christian Union ; was some time chaplain at Rome; but in Mar. 1859 was compelled by the asthma to desist from active labor. Author of " The Life-Boat," " Four Lectures on Ultra Universalism," 2 vols, of "Lives of the Chief Fathers of N. E.," " Translators Reviewed," and principal ed. of the ■' Bi-Centennial Book of Maiden," 18.50. MeCllire, David, D.D. (D.C. 1803), min- ister of N. Hampton, N.H., from Nov. 13, 1776, to Aug. 30, 1785, and of E. Windsor, Ct., from 1786 to his death, June 25, 1820; b. Brookfield, Ms., 1749. Y.C. 1769. He pub. with Dr. Parish " Memoirs of E. Wheeloek," 8vo, 1810 ; "24 Sermons on the Moral Law," 8vo, 1818; an account of Windsor in "Hist. Colls.," V. ; Oration 1 May, 1783, at the open- ing of Phillips E.xetcr Acad. ; and occasional sermons. McClure, Gen. George, b. near London- derrv, Ireland, 1771 ; d. Elgin, 111., Aug. 16, 1851. Emigrating to Baltimore in 1791, he settled in Bath, N.Y., in 1794, and removed to 111. in 1835, where he took an active part in the enterprises and public questions of the day ; and was member of the legisl., sheriff, surro- gate, and judge of vSteuben Co. In 1813 he com. a brigade on the Buffalo frontier, and was severely censured for the burning of Newark (afterw'ards Niagara). MacCIure, Sir Robert John Le Me- stjRiER, capt. R. N., b. Wexford, Ireland, 28 Jan. 1807. Was knighted, and given X5,000, for his discovery of the N.W. passage, which has been sought for3 centuries. (See " Discov. N.W. Passage, by H. M. S. ' Investigator,' . Capt. R. MacCIure, 1850-4," Lond. 8vo, 1856 ) He had served many years in the navy ; was in Capt. Buck's arctic exploring exped. ; accomp. Sir James Ross's exped. in 1848 ; became a capt. in 1849 ; and in 1850-1 entered a strait, which he named the Prince of Wales Strait; and, after his ship was frozen in, reached in sledges Mcl- villes or Barrows Strait. This is called the first discovery of the N.W. passage. In the next season he discovered a second passage on the north side of Baring Island. McClurg, James, M.D,, physician, b. Hampton, Va., 1747; d. Richmond, July 9, 1823. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1762. Son of Dr. Walter. Took the degree of M. D. at Edinburgh, in June, 1770, and continued his studies at Paris and London, where he pub. his " Essay on Bile," which was so highly esteemed as to be translated into all the lan- guages of Europe. Returning homo ab. 1773, he established himself at Williamsburg, where he soon rose to the head of the prof., but re moved to Richmond ab. 1783. He was a long time one of the Council of State in Va., and was a member of the convention that formed the US. Constitution. He was killed by his horses running awav. Author of some pleasing Vers de Socie't^ eiititled " The Belles of Williams- burg," written in 1777. — TlxicJici: MeClurg, Joseph W., soldier and politi- cian, b. St. Louis Co., Mo., Feb. 22, 1818. Educated at Oxford Coll., O. ; was a teacher in La. and Mpi. in 1835-7; went to Texas in 1841, where he was adm. to the bar, and was clerk of the Circuit Court ; and settled as a merchant in Mo., in 1844. In 1861 he suffered from rebel depredations upon his property; became col. of the Osage regt., and afterward of a cav. regt. Member of the State conv. of 1862; M.C 1863-9; gov. of Mo. 1869-72. MeCoU, Evan, a Canadian poet, b. Ken- more, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1808. In 1837 he began to contrib. to the Gaelic Magazine^ Glasgow. He came to Canada in 1850, and holds a post at the port of Kingston. He has pub. " Poems and Songs in Gaelic," and " The Mountain Minstrel." He excels as a song-writer. Among his best songs are " Robin," " L.ake of the Thousand Isles," and "Bonnet, Kit, and Feather." — Mwyan. MoConaughy, David, D.D. (Jeff. Coll. 1833), LL.D. (Wa.-h Coll. 1849), pres. of Washington Coll. Pa. (1832-49), b. Menallen, York Co., Pa., 29 Sept. 1775; d. there Jan. 29, 1852. Dick. Coll. 1795. Pastor of Upper Marsh Creek Church, Pa., 1810-32. He taught a school at Gettysburg in 1807-12. Author of " Discourses, Chiefly Biographical," 1850, and some sermons." — Sprague. Macconnell, John L., author, b. 111. Nov. 11, 1826 He studied law under his fa- ther, Murr.ay Macconnell, and grad. at the Law School of Transylv. U. in Lexington, Ky. He sei-vcd in Hardin's regt. in the Mexican war ; and after the battle of Buena Vista, where he was twice wounded, became capt. Re-com- mcncing the practice of law at Jacksonville, he has since resided there. He is a writer of fiction illustrating Western life and character, and has pub. " Talbot and Vernon," 1850 ; " Grahame, or Youth and Manhood," 1850; "The Glenns," 1851; and " Western Charac- ters," illustr. by Dariey, 1853. He is engaged upon a " Hist, of Early Explorations in Amer- ica," having especial reference to the labors of the early R.C. missionaries. — Duijckinck. MeCook, Alexander McDowell, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Columbiana Co., O., Apr. 22,1831. West Point, 1852. Enteringthe3d Inf , he served with distinction against the Indi- ans in New Mexico in 1857 ; was assist, instr. of tactics at West Point 1858-61 ; 1st licut. Dec. G, 1838; capt. May 14, 1861 ; col. 1st 0. Vols. 16 Apr. 1861 ; disting. at the first battle of Bull Run ; brig.-gen. vols. Sept. 3, 1861 ; and maj.-gen. July 17, 1862; disting. at Shiloh, Apr. 7, 1862, and at the siege of Corinth. In Sept. he took com. of the 1 st corps of the Army of the Ohio, and fought the battle of Perryville, Oct. 8, 1862 ; he com. the right wing of the ar- ray which was discomfited at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862; he was afterward placed in com. of the 20th army corps, and was in the battle of Chickamauga 19-20 Sept. 1863. Erev. col. for Shiloh; brig.-gen. for Perryville, and maj.- gen. for services during the Rebellion ; lieut.- col. 10th U.S. Inf. Mar. 5, 1867. McCook, Dan, brig.-gen. vols., b. Car- rollton, O., 22 July, 1834; killed at Kenesaw Mountain, 17 July, 1864. Bro.of the preceding. Florence Coll., Ala., 18.57. Cul. 52d 0. Vols. ; served at Perryville, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, and the Atlanta Campaign. The father. Major Daniel, b. 1796, d. 19 July, 1863, of wounds received in the fight with Morgan's men, near Bufiington Island, O. McCook, Robert Lati-mer, bro. of the preceding, brig.-gen. vols., b. Columbiana Co., O., Dec. 28, 1827; murdered by guerillas while lying sick in an ambulance, near Salem, Ala., Aug. 6, 1862. He practised law at Columbus and Cincinnati; became col. 9th Ohio Vols.; served in Western Va., where he com. a brigade under Gen. Rosecrans ; and especially disting. himself at Rich Mountain, Carnifcx Ferrv, and Mill Spring, Ky., Jan. 19, 1862; was'made brig.-gen. Slar. 21 ; and com. a division in Thomas's corps of Gen. Buell's army. This family contributed 16 of its members to the war. Maccord, David J., lawj-er and author, b. St. Mathew's Parish, S.C, Jan. 1797; d. Columbia, S. C, May 12, 1835. S. C. Coll. 1816. Adm. to tlie"bar in 1818, he became law-partner of Wm. C. Preston in 1822. State reporter in 1S24, he reported the decisions both of the Court of Appeals and of Equity in 1825- 7 (2 vols. 1827-9). He was mayor of Colum- bia, where he welcomed Lafayette on his visit in 1825. On retiring from the bar in 1836, he became pres. of the State Bank at Columbia, and edited for a short time the S.C. Law Jour- nal. In 1839 he was app. compiler and editor of the Statutes at Large of S.C. (10 vols. Svo). Many years a member of the State legisl., and chairman of the important com. on Federal re- lations. In 1840 he m. his second wife, a dau. of Langdon Cheves, became a successful cot- t(m-planter, and a contrib. of articles on poli- tics and political economy to the Southern lii'view and to De Bow's Review. He did much to improve the State judiciary system. He ])iib. liesidus the above "Reports on the Consti. Ct. of S.C. 1821-8," 4 vols. Svo, 1822-30; with II. J. Nott, " Reports of Cases in Consti. Ct. of S.C. 1817-20," 2 vols. Svo, 1842. MeCord, J. S., Canadian jurist, b. near Dublin, 18 June, 1801 ; d. 27 June, 1865. He came to Canada in 1806 ; was called to the bar in 1823 ; made dist. judge in 1841 ; subse- quently a judge of the Circuit Ct., and in 1837 of the Superior Ct. of the Montreal dist. In the rebellion of 1837 he com. a brigade of cavalry. One of the founders of the Jlontreal Nat. Hist. Soc. ; chancellor of the U. of Bishops' Coll., Lennoxville. Maccord, LoniSA S., authoress, b. Co- lumbia, S.C, Dec. 3, 1810. Dau. of Langdon Cheves ; wife of D. J. Maccord. She was educated in Phila. Marrying in 1840, she soon after went with her husband to their plantation at Fort Motte on the Congaree, a site noted in the Revolution. In 184S she pub. " My Dreams," and a translation of Bas- tiat's "Sophisms of the Protective Policy;" in 1851 she produced her tragedy of " Caius Gracchus," and has been a contrib. to the Southern Review, De Bow's Review, and the Southern Lit. Messenger, discussing slavery, woman's rights, &c. McCormick, Cyrus Hall, inventor of derived from a common school, and from his father's farm and workshop, in which at 15 he had constructed a cradle used in harvesting in the field. His father in 1816 had invented a reaper; and Cyrus in 1831 invented his ma- chine, which he first patented in 1834, patent- ing valuable improvements in 1845, '47, and 1858. He removed to Cincinnati in 1845, and in 1847 to Chicago. In 1845 the gold medal of the Amer. Institute was awarded to him for his invention ; at the World's Fair Exhih. in London in 1851 he received the council medal of the Exhih. ; the grand gold medal of the Paris Exposition of 1855 ; the prize medal of the Lond. Intern. Exhib. of 1862; the first pri.-e at the Intern. Exhib. at Lille, France, in 1863; the gold medal of that at Hamburg in 1863; from the U.S. Nat. Agric. Soc. at Syra- cuse the grand gold medal of honor in 1857 ; the gold medal of the Paris Expos, of 1867, and the order of the Legion of Honor from Napoleon III. In 1859 he founded and en- dowed the Theol. Sem. of the North-west at Chicago, and has since endowed a professor- ship in Wash. Coll., Va.— Sketches of Men of Proaress. MeCosh, James, D.D., LL.D. (H.U. 1868), pres. of N.J. Coll. since 18CS, b. Ayr- shire, Scotland, 1811. Educated at the Univer- sities of Glasgow and Edinburgh. He became a minister of the Free Church of Scotland, and in 1851 prof, of logic and metaphys. at Queens Coll., Belfast, Ireland. Author of " Method of Divine Govt.," &c., 1850; "Intuitions of the Mind," &c., 1860; "E.xamination of J. S. Mill's Philosophy," 1866 ; and, with Dr. Geo. Dickie, " Typical Forms and Special Ends in Creation," 1869; "The Supernatural in Rela- tion to the Natural," 1862; and has contrib. to various periodicals. McCoskey, Samuel Alles, D. D., D.C.L. (Oxf), b. Carlisle, Pa., 9 Nov. 1804. Dick. Coll. Son of Dr. Samuel A. ; grandson of Dr. Nisbet, 1st pres. Dick. Coll. After one year at West Point Acad, and his coll. course, he lead law ; was adm. to the bar ; was 2 years dep. atty.-gen. ofCumb. Co.; in 1831 began to study divinity ; was ord. deacon and priest ; was rector of Christ Ch., Reading, Pa., one year; was 2 years rector of St. Paul's, Phila.; and 9 July, 1836, was consec. 1st bishop of MAC 578 JNIAC Mich. ; and was also nailed to St. Paul's Church, Detroit, of which he was pastor 27 years. Macerea, Jane, b. Leamington, N. J., 1754 ; killed by the Indians near Fort Edward, N.Y., July 27, 1777. She was the dau. of a Scotch Presb. clergyman settled in N. J., after whose death she went to live with abro. on the Hudson River, near Fort Edward. The inva- sion of Burgoyne caused her bro. to prepare to seek a place of safety ; but, on the morning of the day of removal, a party of hostile Indians made prisoners of Mrs. McNiel and Miss Mac- erea, and hurried them off to Burgoyne's camp. Soon after the safe arrival of Mrs. McNiel, another party of Indians came in with some fresh scalps, among them one which she readily knew to be that of Miss Macerea. The event caused a general feeling of horror througli the country, and even in Europe ; and Burke used the story with powerful effect in the British house of commons. McCulloeh, Ben., soldier, b. Rutherford Co., Tenn., 1814; killed in the battle of Pea Ridge, Mar. 7, 1862. Son of Alexander McCul- loeh, aide to Gen. Coffee in Creek war, 181.3- 14. He attended school in Tenn. until he was 14, when he followed the career of a hunter. Emigrating to Texas, he fought as a private artillerist at San Jacinto, and was a eapt. of rangers in the Mexican war. Hedisting. him- self at Monterey ; was made qnarterm. (rank of maj.) July 16, 1846 ; held the office till Sept. 6, 1847, commanding meanwhile a spy company at the battle of Buena Vista, where be gained new laurels. He afterward joined Gen. Scott's army ; and, for gallant conduct at the taking of the city of Mexico, was made marshal of Texas in Apr. 185.3 ; declined the app. of maj. 1st Cav. Mar. 3, 1855 ; and was app. a commiss. by Pres. Buchanan to adjust the difficulties with the Mormons in Utah in May, 1857. App. brig.-gen. of the forces of Ark., he com. at the battle of Wilson's Creek, Mo., Aug. 10, 1861, when Gen. Lyon was killed ; and under Gen. Van Dorn led a corps of Ark., La., and Texas troops at Pea Ridge, falling in the second day's battle. McCulloeh, Hugh, financier, b. Kenne- bunk, Me. Studied at Bowd. Coll. in 1824-5, but left on account of ill-health ; was adm. to tlie practice of law, and settled at Fort W.ayne, Ind., in 183.3 ; was an officer of the State Bank of Ind. in 1835-57, and its pres. in 1S57-63 ; U.S. compt. of the currency 1863-5 ; sec. U.S. treas. 1865-9; since one of the banking-firm of Jay Cooke and McCulloeh, Lond. McCurdy, Charles Johnson, LL.D. (Y.C.), jurist, b. Lyme, Ct, 7 Dec. 1797. Y.C. 1817. His emig. ancestor was of Scotch extrac- tion, and came from the north of Ireland. His mother was of the blood of the Griswold and Wolcott families. Me studied law with Judge Swift; was prominent in the profession; was a member of both branches of the legisl., and three years speaker of the house; lieut.-gov. 1845-6; U.S. minister to Austria in 1851-2; in 1856 he was app. a judge of the Superior Court; and was subsequently, until 1867, upon the Supreme bench. In Feb. 1861, he was an active member of the Peace Congress. McDonald, Donald, a loyalist leader in N.C. Gov. Martin, early in the struggle, au- thorized him to raise and embody a force on the side of the crown, of which McDonald was to be capt.-gen. His success was, at first, very great. Feb. 26, 1776, he was attacked by the Whigs under Gen. Moore at Cross Creek, and was defeated, and made prisoner. MacDonald, Floka, celebrated for aiding in the escape of Charles Edward, the Young Pretender, b. South-Uist, Scotland, 1720 ; d. 4 Mar. 1790. Dau. of MacDonald of Milton. In 1750 she m. Alex. MacDonald, with whom she came to N.C. in 1773, and settled in Fay- etteville. He was a captain in the Loyal High- landers ; and, after experiencing reverses of various kinds, they returned to Skye, Scotland, before the end of the Revol. war. She gave a proof of her courage during an attack on the ship while on the voyage home, taking part in the action, in which her arm was accidentally broken. Two of her sons were loyalist offi- officers in the Rcvol. war. Oneof them John, an accomplished scholar, lieut.-col., and a fel- low of the Roval Soc, d. 16 Aug. 1831, a. 72. Macdonald, James, M.D., physician, b. White Plains, N.Y., July 18, 1803 ;'d. Flush- ing, L.I., May 5, 1849. Coll. of Phv*. and Surgs.,N.Y.,1825. Uiinl 1 -;" h- v .- ,,.,i(k>nt e: n 1831 tbei rope; and on his return he h:iist. instr, in tactics at West Puint, and was adj. tlicre until 1845 ; made 1st licut. in 1842; lie'acconip. Gen. Wool as aide-de-camp to Mexico in 1846; and at Buena Vista won the brev. of capt. 13 May, 1847; became assist, adj. -gen. (rank of capt.); maj. March 31, 1856; and brig.-gen. U.S.A. May 14, 1861 ; two weeks later he took com- mand of the dept. of N.-E. Va. ; com. at the first battle of Bull Run, July 21 ; and, after the app. of Gen. McClellan to com. the Army of the Potomac, was placed in charge of a divis- ion under him; 14 March, 18G2, he was as- signed the 1st corps; app. maj. -gen. of vols. ; and early in April his corps was detached from the Army of the Potomac, and he was placed in com. of the dept. of the Rappahannock. He occupied Fredericksburg until the retreat of Gen. Banks down the Valley of the Shenan- doah, when he was recalled to take part in the vain pursuit of " Stonewall" Jackson. June 26, his com. was consolidated with those of Fremont and Banks to form the Army of Va., under Maj. -Gen. Pope, McDowell command- ing the 3d corps. He took a prominent part in the campaign between the Uappahannock and Washington, and was highly commended in Gen. Pope's official report, but was relieved at his own request, Sept. 5, 1862, and subse- quently com. the dept. of C'al. ; brev. maj.- gen. 13 Mar. 1865. fur Ced.ir Mountain, Va. McDoweU, James, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1846), statesman of Va., b. Rockbridge Co., 1796 ; d. near Lexington, 24 Aug. 1851. N. J. Coll. 1816. Descended from Ephraim, long and honorably known in Rockb. Co. Gov. of Va. 1843-6; M.C. 1845-51. While gov. he favored the propssition for the emancipation of the slaves. An eloquent, upright, and patri- otic man, and a friend of temperance. McDowell, John, LL.D., provost U. of Pa. ; .1. Franklin Co., Va., Dec. 1820. McDowell, Joseph, b. Pleasant Garden, Burke Co., Feb. 25,1758; d. there Aug. 1801. Major at the battle of King's Mountain; a member of the legisl. in 1780-95 ; and M.C. 1733-5 and 1797-9; member of the conven- tion to adopt the Federal Constitution in 1788, and a strong opponent of it. His son Jost:PH J. was M.C. from Ky. 1843-7. His bro. Gen. Charles (b. Winchester, Va., 1743, d. Burke Co., N.C., March 31, 1815) was the com. of the dist. in which, during 1780-1, several bril- liant actions with the British and Tories took place, among them that of Musgrove's Mill and King's Mountain. Member of the N.C. legisl. in 1778 and 1782-8, and 1809, 1811. McDowell, CoL. Samuel, a disting. and active Whig of the Rcvol. ; d. near Danville, Ky., 25 Oct. 1817, a. 84. An early pioneer of'Ky., having settled in Danville in 1783. Many years member of the Ky. legisl., and a cir- cuit judge, having organized the first court at Danville. Father of Dr. Eph., and Judge Jo- seph. — Gross's Med. Bio;;. Macduffie, George, statesman, b. Co- lumbia Co., Ga., ab. 1788; d. Sumter dist., S.C, March II, 1851. S. C. Coll. 1813. He began life as a clerk in Augusta, Ga. ; was adm. to the bar in 1814; practised in Edge- field, S.C. ; was sent to the S. C. legisl. in ISIS; and disting. himself as an eloquent speaker and an able political writer. In a political controversy with Col. Wm. Cum- inings of Ga., which led to more than one duel, he received a bullet-wound in the shoul- der. In his writings at this time, embodied in a series of pamphlets entitled " The Crisis," he maintained the principle of consolidation against lh:U of State-rights; M.C. in 1821-5; gov. of S.C. in 1834-6; and U.S. senator in 1842-6. In Dee. 1823 he advocated the ex- pediency of changing the Conrtitution so as to establish uniformity in the mode of electing the members of the house of representatives, and also in the mode of choosing pres. electors. He opposed internal improvements in the States by Congress, and also opposed the Panama Congress. As chairman cf the com. of ways and means, he endeavored to maintain the U.S. Bank. He was an opponent of the pro- tective tariff, and was prominent in all im- portant debates. In Dec. 1830 he made a forcible speech in the impeachment of Judge Peck. In the nullification controversy he il- lustrated and vehemently defended the views and positions of S.C. as enunciated by Cal- houn ; and in the S.C. conv. of 1834 he wrote a remarkable address to the people of the U.S. In Congress, few men have treated more ably, or with such eloquence, so great a variety of diflicult subjects. He was a very successful planter, and delivered an admirable oration before the State Agric. Society. At one time he was a major-gen. in the State militia. He pub. a Eulogy on R. Y. Hayne, 8vo, 1840. McEUigott, James N., LL.D., educator and author, b. Richmond, Va., 3 Oct. 1812 ; d. N.Y. City, 22 Oct. 1866. Educated at the U. of N.Y. He was teacher and vice-principal there, and afterward conducted McEUigott's Collegiate and Classical School until his death. Author of the " Amer. Debater," "Analytical Manual," "Young Analyzer," " Humorous Speaker," and " Humorous Read- er," also of lectures, addresses, and essays, and for a time edited the Teacher's Advocate. Cho- 581 sen pres. N.Y. Teachei's Assoc, in 1839. He had some skill as a poet. McEntee, Jervis, landscape-painter, b. Kondout, N.Y., 1828. He studied under Church in Kew York in 1850-1 ; opened a studio there in 185S; and in 1861 became known by his " Melancholy Days." Among his best efforts are " Virginia," " Indian Sum- mer," " A Late Autumn," " October in the Kaatskills," and "Woods of Asshokan." — Titckerman. McFarland, Asa, D.D. (Y.C. 1812), minister of Concord, N.H., from Mar. 1798 to July, 1824, b. Worcester, 19 Apr. 1769; d. Concord, N.H., 18 Feb. 1827. Dartm. Coll. 1793. Pres. of the State Missionary Soc. Pub. "Hist. View of Heresies," 1806, 12mo, Concord, and 18 occas. sermons. MeGee, Thomas D'Arcy, statesman and orator, b. Carlingford, Ireland, Apr. 13, 182.) ; assassinated at Ottawa, U.C, Apr. 7, 1868. Educated at Wexford, where his father held a custom-house office ; eraig. to Amer. in 1842, and was employed on the Boston press; but returned to his native country when the Young Ireland movement began ; joined the staff of ihe. Nation, newspaper, and sought to rouse the Irish people to battle for their rights. On the failure of the movement, McGce evaded the British police, and reached America. Es- tablished the American Celt in Boston. Origi- nally an ardent Republican, his views, during the Know-nothing exritement, underwent a change ; and, from the period of liis removal to Canada, he avowed himself a royalist, and, by letters and addresses, did his utmost to turn the tide of Irish immigration from the U.S. to the New Dominion. His ability and eloquence caused him to be chosen to represent Montreal in 1857. In 1864 he was made pres. of the exec, council; in 1867 minister of agric. ; and was chief Canadian commiss. at the first Paris and Dublin exhibitions. He took a prominent part as delegate in all the confer- ences held to promote the confederation of the Brit. N. Amer. Provinces. His hitter hos- tility to the Fenian movement probably occ:i- sioned his assassination, for which James Whc- lan, an Irish Fenian, was tried and executed. Among his pubs are " Lives of Irish Writ- ers ;"' Hist. Sketches of O'Connell and his Friends," i2mo, Cost., 1854; " C.inndian Bal- la^i^, M 1 (Vr,,.. \Vr-'.,"l^-^: " IH^t. .rv , f t!ie L '. - ' - • \ \ ■■ ;: .- :, !-■: ,■ 1' ... trader, by the halfbreed dan. of e received a good education in New French 1S54; " Speeches and Addresses," 1865. McGill, James, founder of McGill U. Montreal, b. Glasgow, Scotland, Oct. 6, 1744 ; d. Montreal, Dec. 19, 1813. He came to Can- ada when quite young, and, engaging in mer- cantile pursuits, amassed a fortune, of which he made the noblest uses. He was successively a member of parliament, of the legisl., anil exec, councils, and rose to the rank of brig.- gen. of militia in the war of 1812. — Mur'ian. MaoGillivray, Alexander, cliief of the Creelv Indians, b. Coosa River, near Wetump- ka, Ga., ab. 1740; d. Pensacola, Feb. 17, 1793. Son of Lachlan MacGillivray, an Indian officer. H( York and Charleston. His father placed him in a counting-house in Savannah ; but distaste for trade led him to return to his Indian rela- tives. He soon took a Iiigh position among the united tribes of Creeks and Serainoles, and was their leader during the Amer. Revol., and with his father, who was a col. in the British service, warmly espoused the royal cause. After the war, Alexander, in behalf of the Muscogee confederacy, became the ally of Spain, and a commissary in its service, with the rank and pay of col. He diverted the trade of the Creeks to Pensacola, and long opposed the efforts of the U.S. Govt, to recover it, and obtain the cession of disputed lands on the Oconee. In 1790 he signed a treaty, ceding the territory for a peeuuiary consideration, and was, by a secret article, app. agent for the U.S., and brig.- gen. in the army. This treaty lessened his influence with the Creeks ; but he succeeded in obtaining an increase of salary and authority fi'om the Spanish Govt. His hospitality and generosity were almost princely. He was a bro.-in-law of LeClerc Milfort, and an uncle of Wra. Wcatherford. Maegregor, John, a British statistician, b. Stornoway, Ross Shire, in 1 797 ; d. Boulogne, April 23, 1857. Placed when young in a com- mercial house in Canada, he collected the statistics of the resources of the country, pub. in 1832 in his " British America." Returning to Eng., he was in 1840 a sec. to the board of trade, and M.P. for Glasgow in 1847. He established the Royal British Bank ; but it failed, and he withdrew to Boulogne. He com- piled " Tlie Progress of America from the Discovery by Columbus to 1846;" "Commercial Statisticsof America," 5 vols. 1848-50; "Emi- gration to Brit. America," 8vo, 1829; and left incomplete a " History of the British Empire from the Accession of James I." McGregor, David, minister of London- derry, N.U., from 1736 to liis d.. May 30, 1777 ; b. Ireland, 6 Nov. 1710. A.M. of N.J. Coll. 1754. Son of James, first minister of L., who settled there in 1719, d. 1729. David was an able and eloquent preacher, and a zealous and intrepid assertcr of the liberties of his country. Ue pub. some tracts and ser- McHenry, James, statesman, b. Md., 175.-J; d. Baltimore, 8 May, 1816. Aide-de- camp to Lafayette, with rank of licut.-col., in 17S0 ; meuiher Old Congress 1783-6 ; one of the framersof the U.S. Constitution in 1787; and sec. of war 27 Jan. 1796, to 13 May, 1800. Macilvaine, Charles Pettit, D.D., LL.D.(Camb.U.185S),D.C.L. (Oxf. U. 1853), Prot.-Ep. bishop of Ohio, b. Burlington, N. J., Jan. 18, 1798. N. J. Coll. 1816. Son of Joseph, U.S. senator fi-om N. J. Ord. a deacon July 4, 1820, and after officiating in Christ Church, Georgetown, Md., was ord. priest in 1822; prof of ethics, and chaplain at West Point in 1825-7 ; rector of St. Anne's Church, Brook- Ivn, N.Y. ; and was consec. bishop Oct. 31, 1832. Pres. Kcnyon Coll. 1832-40; now pres. of the theol. sem. of the diocese of O. He has pub. " Lectures on the Evidences of 582 m:ci Christianity," delivered in the U. of N.Y. in 1831 ; "Justification hy Faith," 16rao, 1840; " Oxford Divinity compared with that of tlie Romish and Anglican Churches," 8vo, 1841 ; " The Truth and the Life," a vol. of sermons, 1854; and has compiled 2 vols, of " Select Family and Parish Sermons ; " contrib. to many relig. periodicals. Mcllvaine, Joseph, b. Bristol, Pa., 1768 ; d. Burlington, N. J., Aug. 19, 1826. Adm. to the X. J. bar in 1791 ; clerk of Burlington Co. 1800-24; U.S. disl. atty. for N. J. 1801-20; app. judge of the Superior Court in 1818, but declined ; U.S. senator 1823-6. Mcintosh, DcNCAN, philanthropist, b. Scotland; d. Aux Cayes, Nov. 1820. An American citizen residing at St. Domingo, having by trade acquired great wealth, he Baeriflced it freely in behalf of the French popu- lation, whom the slaves, bursting their fetters, sought to massacre. During the eight months duration of this terrible convulsion, he saved in vessels, which he freighted for that purpose, over 900 men and 1,500 women and children. Death was decreed to those who should conceal the French ; and he was more than once the inmate of a dungeon. Mcintosh, James M., capt. U.S.N., b.Ga.; d.Washington.D.C, Sept.l, 1860. Midshipm. Sept. 1, 1811; lieut. April 1, 1818; com. Feb. 28, 1838; capt. Sept. 5, 1849. Mcintosh, James S., col. U.S.A., b. Lib- erty Co., Ga., June 19, 1787 ; d. city of Mexico, Sept. 26, 1 847. Son of Gen. John. App. licut. of rifles Nov. 13, 1812; disting. under Maj. Appling at Sandy Creek ; severely wounded in affair near Black Rock, Aug. 3, 1814 ; soi-ved with Gen. Jackson throughout the Indian war; capt. Mar. 1817 ; maj. 7th Inf. Sept. 21, 1836 ; lieut.-col. 5th Inf. July 1, 1839; brev. col. for gallantry in battles of Palo Alto and R. de la Palma, May 9, 1846, in which he was danger- ously wounded; com. his brigade in Worth's div., and disting. in battle of Churubusco, also at Molino del Rcy, where he was mortally wounded. His son James, gen. Confed. army (West Point 1849, capt. 1st U.S. Cav. 16 Jan. 1857), was killed at the battle of Pea Ridge, Nov. 7, 1862. Mcintosh, Gen. John ; d. at his planta- tion, Mcintosh Co., Ga., Nov. 12, 1826, a. ah. 70. Bro. of Gen. Lachlan. An officer of the Ga. line in 1775; he served throughout the war ; com. the fort at Sunbury, with the rank of lieut.-col., when it was besieged by Lieut.- Col. Fraser; displayed great bravery at the battle of Brier Creek, March 3, 1779, and was made prisoner ; maj. -gen. of Ga. militia in U.S. service at Mobile under Jackson, Nov. 1814 to May, 1815. Mcintosh, John B., brev. maj. -gen. U.S.A., b. Fhi. 2d lieut. 5th U.S. Cav. June 8, 18B1; 1st licut. June 27, 1862; in the Peninsular battles ; at South Mountain and Antietam ; col 3d Pa. Vols. Nov. 1862 ; com. brigade at Rappahannock Bridge, Kelly's Ford, Stoneman's Raid to Richmond, Chan- cellorsville, Gettysburg, Warrenlon, and Rapi- dan Station; capt. 5lh Cav. Dec. 7, 1863; com. cav. brigade at Parker's Store, Wilder- ness, Spottsylvania, Haxall's Landing, "ifellow Tavern, Ashland, Hawes Shop, Bethesda Church, Southside R.R. (com. division), and battle of Petersburg; brig -gen. vols. July 21, 1864 ; com. cav. brigade at Winchester, Sum- mit Point, and Opequan, where he lost a leg ; brev.-maj. U.S.A. for White-oak Swamp ; lieut.-col. for Gettysburg; col. for Ashland; brig.-gen. for Winchester; and maj.-gen. for gallant and merit, services in the field during the war; lieut.-col. 42d Inf. 28 Julv, 1866; Retired brig.-gen. 30 July, 1870. — Ileim/. Mcintosh, Gen. Lachlan, b. near Inver- ness, Scotland, March 17, 1725; d. Savannah, Feb. 20, 1806. John More his father, the head of the Boriam branch of the clan Mcintosh, with 100 adherents, came to Ga. with Oglctliurpo in 1736, and settled at New Inverness in what is now Mcintosh Co. He origiuated the protest made by the colonists to the board of trustees in Eng. against the introduction of African slaves into Ga. Of his sons and grandsons, seven bore commissions in the Revol. army. Made a prisoner by the Spaniards, and sent to St. Augustine, Lachlan was left to the care of his mother at the age of 13. His opportuni- ties of education were few; but, in the study of mathematics and surveying, he received great assistance from Oglethorpe. Arrived at matu- rity, he went to Charleston, became a friend of Henry Laurens, whose counting-room he en- tered as clerk. Returning to his friends on the Altamaha, he m., and became a land-sur- veyor. He acquainted himself with military tactics, and, when the Revol. War began, w.as first app. col., and Sept. 16, 1776, brig. -gen. Persecuted beyond endurance by his political rival. Button Gwinnett, he |irr>n.>inM .-il Iiini a scoundrel, and, in theduel whirii ( n^nrl, killed him. He afterwards com. in tin- \\r,icrn dept., and led an exped. ii-ainst iln.' Indians in the spring of 1778, succeeding with a small force in restoring peace on the frontier; returned to Ga. in 1779; and was at thesiegeand fall of Savannah. He was with Lincoln at Charleston when he was made a prisoner. Member of Congress in 1784. In 1785 he was one of the commiss. to treat with the Southern Indians. — See Nat. Port. Gallery. Mcintosh, Makia J., authoress, b. Sun- burv, Ga., 1803. Her father Major Lachlan Mciutosh, son of Col. Wm., and grandson of John More, was a lawyer and soldier. She was educated at the Sunbury Acad. ; after 1835 she resided in New York with a married sister, and then with her bro., Capt. James M. Mcintosh, U.S.N. She lost her property in the crash of 1837, and, resorting to her pen for sup- port, produced in 1841 her first tale " Blind Alice," under the pseudonymeof " Aunt Kitty." She has since pub. " Jessie Graham ; " " Flor- ence Arnott;" "Conquest and Self-Con- quest," 1844 ; " Praise and Principle ; " " Wo- man an Enigma ; " " Two Lives, or to Seem and to Be," 1846 (all collected in a single volume in 1847) ; " Charms and Counter- Charms," 1848; "Donaldson Manor," 1849; "Woman in America," 1850; " The Lofty and the Lowly," 1853; " Violet, or the Cross and the Crown," 1856; " Meta Gray," 1858; "Two Pictures," 1863, &e. Mcintosh, Gen. William, a Creek half- MCK 583 breed warrior, b. Coweta, Ga. ; killed May I, 1825. His father was Capt. Win. M., a Scotchman ; his mother, a native Indian. The son was tall, well-formed, intelligent, and brave. Joining the American forces in 1812, he was highly commended by Gen. Floyd for bravery at the battle of Autossee, in which he was a major ; was disting. at the battle of the Horse Shoe, and also in the Florida campaign. His connection with the treaty at the Julian Springs in 1825 was the cause of his being killed by the Indians opposed to a cession of their lands to the U.S.— Ga. Colls. 170. McKay, Donald, ship-builder, b. Shel- burnc, N.S., 1809; learned the art in N.Y. City; began business for himself at Newbury- port, Ms., and in 1845 removed to East Bos- ton. He built many fast clipper-ships for the Cal. and Australian trade, and 4 Oct. 185.3, launched "The Great Republic," of 4,500 tons. McKean, Joseph, D.D. (All. Coll. 1817), LL.D. (X. J. Coll. 1814), scholar, b. Ipswich, Ms., Apr. 19, 1776; d. Havana, Mar. 17,1818. H. U. 1794. His father, a native of Glasgow, came to Anier. in 1763; his mother was a dau. of Dr. Joseph Manning of Ipswich. He taught school a few years in Ipswich, and the acad. in Berwick; and Nov. 1, 1797-Oct. 3, 1804, was minister of Milton; afterward a teacher in Boston; and Boylslon prof, of rheto- ric and oratory in H. U. from Oct. 31, 1809, to his d. Member of the Ms. Hist. Society, also of that of N.Y., and of the Amcr. Acad. He pub. " Sacred E.Ktracts," for the use of schools, ISmo, 1814; some sermons, and Me- moir of John Eliot in the Colls, of the Ms. Hist. Soc, 2d ser. v. i. McKean, Thom.is, LL.D., jurist and Revol. patriot, b. Chester Co., Pa., March 19, 1734 ; d. rhila. June 24, 1817. After an aca- demic and professional course of study, he was udm. an atty., and soon obtained the app. of dep. atty.-gen. in the county of Sussex. In 1757 he was adm. to the bar of Pa., and elected clerk of the Assembly ; member of the Assembly for the county of New Castle 1762- 79. In the Gen. Congress at N.Y. in 1765, he, with Lynch and Otis, framed the address to the British house of commons ; and was app. judge of the C. C. P., and of the Orphans' Court for New Castle. In 1771 he was app. coll. of the port of New Castle ; member of the Cont. Congress in 1774 ; and was annually re-elected nntil Feb. 1783, being the only man fho was without intermission a member during the wt •iod ot the 1 In 1778 he was one of the convention which framed the Arti- cles of Confederation ; in 1781 he was pres. of Congress. In addition to his congressional duties, in 1777 he ofiBciatcd as pres. of the State of Del ; and held from July, 1777, until 1 799, the office, and executed the duties, of chief justice of Pa. He was particularly active and useful in promoting the Decl. of Indcp., which he signed ; and a few days after that event marched with a battalion to Perth Amboy, N.J., to support Washington. He returned to Del. to prepare a constitution for that State, which he drew up in the course of a night, and which was unanimously adopted the next day by the Assembly. At that period, as he relates, he was " hunted like a fox by the enemy : " he was compelled to remove his family five times in a few months ; and at length placed them in a little log-house on the banks of the Susque- hanna ; but they were soon obliged to leave tills retreat on account of the Indians. Gov. of Pa. from 1799 to 1808; and in 1790 he was a member of the convention which framed the constitution of Pa. He was highly esteemed for integrity, impartiality, and learning. In politics he "was one of the leaders of the repub- lican party ; as a member of the convention of Pa. , he urged the adoption of the U.S. Constitution. McKean, William W., conimo. U. S. N., b. Pa. 1801 ; d. near Bin-bamton, N.Y., 22 Apr. 1865. Son of Judge McKean ; nephew of Gov. McKean. Midshipman 30 Nov. 1814; lieut. 13 Jan. 1825; com. 8 Sept. 1841 ; capt. 14 Sept. 1855; commo. 16 Julv, 1862; gov. Naval Asylum 1858-61 ; retired 16 July, 1862. Com. a schooner in Porter's West India squad. 1823-4; and active in suppressing piracy there. In 1860 on special service of conveying the Japanese Embassy home ; and on his re- turn, was for a short time in com. of the W. Gulf block.iding squadron. McKee, William R., col. U.S. Vols., b. Kv. IbO-i ; killed in battle of Buena Vista, Mexico, 2! Feb. 1847. West Point, 1829. Lieut, uf US An. ; resigned Sept. 1836 ; rail- road ciigr. 1836-46 ; col. 2d Ky. Vols. 9 June, Mift. ^ Gardner. McKeen, Joseph, D.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1804), educator, b. Londonderrv, N.H., Oct. 15, 1757; d. Brunswick, Me., July 15, 1807. Dartm. Coll. 1774. At college he evinced a strong predilection for mathematics. After teaching for some time, and being an assistant in the And. Acad., he was ord. pastor of the church in Beverly, M.-vy U, 1785. From Sept. 2, 1802, until his' death, he was first pres. of Bowd. Coll. He pub. sermons, and some papers in the " Transactions " of the Amer. Academy. Mackeever, Isaac, commodore U.S.N., b. Pa. Apr. 1793; d. Norfolk, Va., Apr. 1, 1856. Midshipman Dec. 1, 1809; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814, and com. a gunboat in the flotilla of Lieut. Jones, which was captured by the British on Lake Boryne, La., Dec. 1814. In the en- gagement, which was very warm, he was severely wounded. In the galliot " Sea Gull," in 1825, aided by some boats of the British frigate "Dartmouth," he, after a sharp fight, captured two pirate schooners. May 27, 1830, he was made a com. ; and a capt. in Dec. 1838. He coin, the squadron on the coast of Brazil in 1851-4. His son Chacncey McKeever West Point, 1849, was brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865, for merit, services during the Re- bellion. A. A. G. rank of maj. 17 July, 1862. Mackellar, Thomas, poet, b. New York, Aug. 12, 1812. Son of an officer of the Brit, navy, who emigrated to N.Y. At. 16 he entered the printing-establishment of the Harpers. In 1833 he removed to Phila., where he became senior partner of the great type-foundry of Lawrence Johnson and Co. He early wrote for the Journal of the Sunday-School Union. He 584 pub. "Droppings from the Heart," 1844; "Tarn's Fortnight's Rambles," 1847; and " Lines for the Gentle and Loving," 1853. Mackendree, William, D.D., bishop M.K. Church, b. King William Co., Va., July 5, 1757 ; d. Mar. 5, 1835. During the Revol. war he attained the rank of adj . In 1 787 be be- came a Methodist; in 1791 he was made iTn elder; app. to several offices of importance and trust ; was sent to the first general conf. ; and was afterward made pres. elder of a new conf. in the Far West. Chosen bishop May 12, 1808, during that year he visited with Bishop Asbury nearly the whole of the U. S. and a part of Canada. McKenney, Col. Thomas Lorraine, author, b. Hopewell, Md., 21 Mar. 1785; d. New York, 20 Feb. 1858. Educated at Wash. Coll., Chcstertown, and became a merchant in Georgetown, D.C. App. in 1816 supt. of U.S. trade with the Indian tribes, and in 1824 of the bureau of Indian affairs in the war dept., and in 1826 a special commiss. with Lewis Cass to negotiate a treaty with the Chippeway Indians at Fond du Lac. Author of " Tour to the Lakes, and Treaty of Fond du Lac," 8vo. 1827 ; " Memoirs Official and Personal," 8vo, 1846 ; and, with James Hall, " History of In- dian Triiies," &c., 3 vols. fol. IS3S-H.— Red Bonk of Mich. Mackenzie, Sir Alexander, traveller, b. Inverness, Scotland ; d. Dalhousie, Mar. 12, 1820. At one time a Canadian merchant en- gaged in the fur-trade. Previous to com- mencing his journey across the continent, be passed a year in Eng., acquiring a knowledge of astronomy and navigation. He then re- turned to Chippewyan, where he had been stationed for 8 years, and June 3, 1789, set out on his exped. At the western part of the Great Slave Lake he entered a river, to which he gave his own name, being then in a track wholly new to Europeans. He followed the course of the stream till the 12th of July, when, the ice opposing further passage, he returned to Fort Chippewyan, where he arrived Sept. 27. 69° r N., was the northern boundary of his voyage. And in Oct. 1792 he undertook a more hazardous exped. to the western coast of N.A., and succeeded in July, 1793, in reach- ing Cape Menzics, so named bv Vancouver, lat. 52° 21' N., and long. 128° 12' W. Mac- kenzie returned to England in 1801, and in the following year was knighted. He pub. with excellent maps " Voyages from Montreal through the Continent of N. America to the Frozen and Pacific Oceans in the Years 1789 and 1793," Lond. 1801. Mackenzie, Alexander Sudell, naval officer and author, b. New York, Apr. 6. 1803; d. Tarrytown, Sept. 13, 1848. Son of John Slidell, a merchant of New York, and bro. of Senator John Slidell, and in 1837 added, at the request of a maternal uncle, his mother's family name, Mackenzie, to his own. He en- tered the navy Jan. 1, 1815, as a midshipman. At the age of 19 he took command of a mer- chant-vessel to improve himself in seamanship. Lieut. 13 Jan. 1825; com. Sept. 8, 1841. In 1825 he visited Europe, and pub. his " Year in Spain." After his return home from a three- years' cruise in the Mediterranean in 1833, he pub. a vol. of Popular Essays on Naval Sub- jects. " The American in England," and " Spain Revisited," were the fruits of a subse- quent tour; and in 1836 he pub. an enlarged edition of the " Year in Spain." His cruise in 1842 in the brig " Somers " gave him an unhappy notoriety. A mutiny among the 1 '^v*^ ^ ^^^ crew, headed by a midshipman, having been 1 . r discovered, a council of officers was held, which *- ,f '"'^ ordered that the three most guilty should suf- ' (-,', i<;;'w\ fer death at the yard-arm, which sentence was ' promptly carried into effect. Individuals een- ■I'^i.-wi^ sured Lieut. Mackenzie for undue severity ; but I i the tribunals to which he was amenable acquit- «i,>A* i*-*"* ted him of blame. (See his Defence before the CourtMartial, N. Y., 8vo, 1843.) Ord- . ' ;,.>-*-^ nance officer under Com. Perry in " The Mis- sissippi " at Vera Cruz; com. the 2d division of art. detarhed from the fleet in the storming and capture of the city of Tabasco, June 16, 1847. He pub. Lives of Paul Jones, O. H. Perry, and Stephen Decatur. Mackenzie, Charles Kenneth, F.R.S., author, b. Scotland, 1788; d. by the conflagra- tion of the Rainbow Hotel, New York, Julv 6, 1862. He was a ripe scholar, an e.xccllent'lin- guist, with great and versatile literary attain- ments, having been a contrib. to the Edinburgh and Quarlerly Reviews, and "The Encyclopaedia Britannica,"and also leading editor of a London daily conservative journal. He was a doctor both of law and medicine. In his youth he was an aide-de-camp of the Duke of Welling- ton ; in 1823 he accomp. to Mexico the British commiss. on the recognition of her independence, and was app. consul for Vera Cruz; in 1S25 he was sent conMil-^en. to Hayti ; and in 1830 was commiss. of arbitration to the mixed com- mission at Havana. A dispute with the foreign office in Nov. 1834 ended his connection with the British Govt. He had resided in the U.S. about 14 years when he died. Mackenzie, RoBii kt Shelton, M. D., p.C.L. (Oxf. 1844), LL.D. (Glasgow, 1834), journalist, b. Drew's Court, Limerick Co., Ire- / - land, June 22, 1809.^ Educated at a school in ^^.-IthJ ,11 Forraoy, where his father, originally a British officer, was postmaster; at the age of 13 was apprenticed to an apothecary in Cork; passed his medical examination; opened a school in Fer- moy ; and in 1829 became editor of a journal pub. in StalTordshirc, Eng. In 1830-1 he was employed In literary labors in London. Be- tween 1834 and 1851 he was the English cor- resp. of the N.Y. Eceniny Star, besides contrib. frequently to Amer. periodicals. In 1847 ho was an active member of Lord Brougham's Law Amendment Society. In the latter part of 1852 he came to New York, where for several years he wrote for some of the principal jour- nals; in 1857 he became literary and foreign editor of the Phila. Press. Among his pubs, are " Lays of Palestine," 1829 ; " Titian," an art novel, 1843; " Partncrsliijjcn Coniniandite'," 8vi., 1S47; "Murnings at Matlock," 1850, a collection of In-itive nuiuazine ]iicccs; Shell's " Sketches of the Iii.^li Bar." 1854, with mem- oirs and notes; an edition of the "Noctes Am- brosiante," with sketches of the contributors, and notes, 5 vols. 1854 ; " Bits of Blarney," 585 1855 ; " Dr. Maginns's Wfitings and others; " "Tressillianand his Friends," 1859 ; an edition of the "Memoirs of Robert Houdin," 1859; "Life of Charles Dickens," 1870; "Life of Sir Walter Scott," 1871. — Appleton. Mackenzie, William Lyon, leader of the Canadian insurgents in 1837-8, b. Springfield, Forfarshire, Scotland, Mar. 12, 1795; d. To- ronto, Aug. 28, ISfil. At 17 lie commenced business, and kept a circulating-library in Ayleth, near Dundee, and afterward went to Eiig., where he was a clerk in the employ of Lord Lonsdale. He came to Canada in 1820; was employed as supt. over the works of the Lachine Canal ; and was engaged in the book and drug trade in Toronto, with success, until 1823, when he entered upon political life. From May 18, 1824, until 1833, he edited the CohnlaL Aduocate at Niagara, freely criticising the acts of the govt., which made every effort to suppress it; and in 182G a mob destroyed the otiice. This riot brought hira more prom- inently into notice; and in 1828 he was chosen to parliament from York Co. For an alleged libel upon the Assembly in his newspaper, he was five times expelled, and as often re-elected. The Assembly, at last, refused to issue the writ for a new election. In May, 1832, he went to Eng. with a petition of grievances to the im- perial govt. In 1836 he was the first mayor of Toronto. The rebellion with which his name is so conspicuously connected was quickly subdued; but it awakened the attention of the home govt, to various abuses, and brought about beneficial changes. Outlawed by his govt., he fled to the U. S., where he was arrested, and sentenced to 18 months' imprisonment for a breach of the neutrality laws ; and was confined in Monroe Co. jail, Rochester, N.Y. He after- ward pub. Mackenzie's Gazette, and was long connected with the N.Y. Tribune. Having re- ceived a pardon, he returned to Canada in 1850, and was again a member of the Assembly until 1858. It is generally conceded that he acted from a thoroughly honest motive; and it is un- questionable that he did his share to advance the cause of civil liberty in his adopted countiy. While in New York he pub. some political pamphlets, one of which (Sketches of Wm. L. Marcy, Jacob Barker, and others, 8vo, 1845), compiled from papers found in the custom- house, professedly exposed the intrigues of several prominent political leaders, and created much excitement. His admirers raised a sum sufficient to purchase hira a small annuity and a residence near Toronto. Author of " Sketches of Canada and the U.S.," Lond. 12mo, 1833.— Monian. Mackenzie, Ranald S., brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. West Point (1st in cla,s), 1862. Son of Com. A. S. Mackenzie, U.S.N. Entering the engr. corps, he became 1st lieut. 3 Mar. 1863; capt. 6 Nov. 1863; col. 2d Ct. Heavy Art. 10 July, 1864; brig.-gen. vols. 19 Oct. 1864 ; col. 4th Cav. 6 Mar. 1867. He was in tlie action at Kelly's Ford, Va., 20 Aug. ; brev. 1st lieut. 29 Aug. 1862, for battle of Manassas, where he was wounded ; engr. of Sumner's div. at Fredericksburg; brev. capt. 3 May, 1863, for Chancellorsville; maj.4 July, 1863, for Gettysburg; served through the Rich- mond campaign, and brev. lieut.-col. 18 Juno, 1864, for Petersburg, Va. ; com. brigade 6ih corps in Shenandoah campaign, and engaged at Opequan, Fisher's Hill; and brev. col. 19 Oct. 1864, for Cedar Creek, where he was wounded; and com. a cavalry division at the battle of Five Forks; brev. maj.-gen. vols. 31 Mar. ; and brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar., for gal- lant and merit, services in the field during the Rebellion. — C««i»«. Mackey, Albert Gallatin, physician and author, b. Charleston, S.C", 1807. ' M.D. of S.C. Coll. 1832. He procured by school- teaching the means of preparing himself for the medical profession. After practising some years, he was in 1838 elected demonstrator of anatomy in S.C. Med. Coll. In 1844 he be- came connected with the Literary Bulletin, Southern Patriot, Evening News, and other Charleston periodicals ; established a Masonic monthly in 1850, which he continued 3 years; and a quarterly in 1858-60. He has lectured upon the middle ages, and has prepared a work on the subject of abstruse symbolism. Author of "Lexicon of Freemasonry," 1845; "The Mystic Tie," 1849; "Principles of Masonic Law," 1856; "Book of the Chapter," 1858; and " Text-Book of Masonic Jurisprudence," 1859. Mackie, John Milton, author, b. Ware- ham, Ms., 1813. B. U. 1832, where he was tutor 1834-8, and subsequently fravelled in Europe. In 1845 he pub. "Life of Leibnitz," and contrib. to Sparks's "Am. Biog." a " Life of Samuel Gorton;" in 1848 " Cosas de Es- paha;" "Life of Schamvl, the Circassian Chief," 1856; " Life of Tai-Ping- Wang, Chief of the Chinese Insurrection," 1857; and "From Cape Cod to Dixie," a vol. of travels, 1864. Contrib. to the N. A. Review, principally of articles on German literature and history. McKinley, John, jurist, b. Va., May I, 1780; d. LouisvUle, Ky., July 19, 1852. He removed to Ky. ; thence to Ala. ; was U.S. senator from Ala. from 1826 to 1837; and in McKinly, John, M.D., physician and statesman, b. Ireland, Feb. 24, 1724; d. Wil- mington, Del., Aug. 31, 1796. He settled in Wilmington in early life, and soon became eminent in his profession. He filled several important public posts, and in 1777 was the first pres. of the State of Del. Captured by the British Sept. 13, 1777. McKinstry, James P., commo. U.S.N., b. New York, Feb. 9, 1807. Midshipm. Feb. 1, 1826; lieut. Feb. 9, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. July 25, 1866; com. mail-steamer "Georgia" 1854-5; steamer "Dakotah" 1861 ; steam sloop "Monon- gahela," at Port Hudson and Vicksburg, 1863, and wounded. Retired 9 Feb. 1 869. — Hamersly. McKnight, Charles, M.D., physician, of Irish descent, b. Cranberry, N. J., Oct. 10, 1750; d. New York, 1791. N. J. Coll. 1771. Son of Charles, a Presh. clergyman. He studied medicine with Dr. Shippen, and, entering the Revol. array, became sen. surgeon of the middle dept. He settled in N.Y. after the war ; m. the dau. of John Morin Scott ; was particularly 586 JVICL eminent as a surgeon, and was for some time prof, of anatomy and surgery in Col. Coll. He pub. a paper in Memoirs of Loud. Med. Soc., vol. iv. McLane, Col. Allen, a brave and enter- prising Rcvol. otiieer, b. Aug. 8, 1746 ; d. Wil- mington, Del., May 22, 1829. He removed to Kent Co., Del., in 1774. At the commence- ment of the Revol. ho held aa estate in Phila. worth Sl.'j.OOO, the whole of which he sacrificed in the service of his country. As a vol. he witnessed the repulse of the British at Great Bridge, Va. In 1775 he became licut. in Caesar Rodney's Del. regt. In 1776 he joined the army of Washington ; disting. himself at the battle of Long Island ; was at White Plains and Trenton ; and, by his good conduct and gallantry at Princeton, won from Washington the commission of capt. in 1777. He com. the outposts of the army around Phila., and was engaged in the battle of Monmouth. In July, 1779, he was made maj. of the inf. of Lee's Legion, taking part in the brilliant affairs of Paulus Hook and btony Point; and was at the siege of Yorktown. In a personal combat with three British dragoons, near Frankford, Pa., he killed one, wounded another, and the third retired. He was a member and speaker of the legisl. ; 6 years a privy councillor ; many years judge C.C.P. ; marshal Del. dist. 1790-8 ; and collector of the port of Wilmington from 1808 untH his death. McLane, Gen. Jeremiah, a Western pioneer and politician, b. 1767 ; d. Washington, March 19, 1837. He was a soldicrofthe Revol. Settled at Chillicothe in 1790 ; was sec. of state of O. 21 years ; removed to Columbus in 1816 ; and was M.C. in 1833-7. McLane, Lonis, statesman, b. Smyrna, Kent Co., Del., May 28, 1786; d. Baltimore, Oct. 7, 1857. Newark Coll. Son of Col. AUcn. Entered the navy as midshipm. in 1 798, aud cruised one year in " The Philadelphia," Com. Decatur. He began to study law in 1804 with James A. Bayard ; was adm. to the bar in 1807 ; M.C. 1817-27 ; on the Mo. question he voted against permitting slavery in that State, in opposition to his constituents, but in obedience to his own convictions ; U.S. senator 1827-9 ; minister to Eng. May, 1829-31 ; sec. U.S. treasury 1831-3 ; sec. of state 1833 ; retired from political life in 1834. Pres. of the Bait. and O. Railroad Co. from 1837 to 1847. In June, 1845, he was intrusted by Pres. Polk with the mission to Eng. during the Oregon negotiations. His last public service was as a delegate to the reform convention at Annapolis, in the winter of 1850-51. McLane, Robert Milligan, son of Louis, b. Del. June 23, 1815. Educated at Wash. Coll., D.C., St. M.ary's Coll., Bait., and West Point, 1837. Ho was in Europe with his father in 1829-31. Served in Florida, the Cherokee country, and in the north-west, and resigned in 1843 ; adm. to the Bait, bar in 1843; member Md. legisl. in 1845-7; M.C. 1847-51 ; minister to China 1853-5 ; and min- ister to Mexico from Mar. 1859 to Nov. 1860. McLaughlin, Edward A., b. N. Stam- ford, Ct., 9 Jan. 1798. Pub. in Cincinnati in Oet. 1841, "The Lovers of the Deep," and other poems. — See Poets and Poetry of the West. McLaws, Lafayette, gen. C.S.A., b. Ga. West Point, 1842. Entering the 6th Inf., he became 1st lieut. Feb. 16, 1847 ; capt. Aug. 24, 1851 ; and resigned Mar. 23, 1861. Engaged during the Mcx. war at defence of Ft. Brown, battle of Monterey, and siege of Vera Cruz. He became a m.aj.-gcn. in tlia Confcd. army ; com. a division in fije's army ; disting. at the 2d Fredericksburg battle. May 3, 1863, in which he forced Gen. Sedgeiviek'a corps across the Rappahannock ; was at Gettys- burg ; opposed Sherman's advance at Pocota- ligo Bridge, N.C., 15 Jan. 1865; and at Averys- borough, 17 Mar. 1865 ; surrendered with John- ston's army, 26 Apr. 1865. McLean, Canadian jurist, b. St. Andrew's, U.C, Apr. 1791; d. Oct. 1865. Educated at the Cornwall grammar school, he sen'cd through the war of 1812, and was wounded at Qucenstown. Called to the bar, he became in 1837 judge of the Court of King's Bench, and aftenvards chief justice of U.C. Several years a member, and twice speaker, of the legisl. assembly of U.C, and opposed the union of the two provinces. Maclean, Col. Allan, a British ofScer, b. Toriish, Scotland, ah. 1725; d. 1784. A lieut. in the Scots Brigade in the Dutch service in 1747, and taken at the siege of Bergen Op Zoom. Obtaining in 1757 a comp. in the 62d regt., he left the Dutch service ; came to America ; was at the taking of Ft. Duquesne in 1758; served mider Amherst in 1759; and raised the 114th Highlanders, of whom he was m.tj. comg. Made Seut.-col. 25 May, 1771 ; in 1775 he came again to America; raised a corps known as the Roy. Highland Emigrants, and threw himself into Quebec, 12 Nov. 1775, just in time to prevent its surrender to Arnold, and to render great service during its siege. He com. the fort at Penobscot, Me., against which the unfortunate exped. of Lovell and Salton- stall was directed in July, 1779; and was made a col. in Jan. 1780. He was a brave aud active officer. McLean, Daniel Vekch, D.D., Presb. clergyman and author, b. 1801 ; d. pastor of a church at Red Bank, N. J., 23 Nov. 1869. Miami U. Several years pastor of the Old Tcnncnt Church, Freehold, N. J. ; pres. of Laf. Coll., Easton,Pa., 1854-64. Maclean, John, M.D. (U.of Aberd. 1797), chemist and physician, b. Glasgow, Mar. 1771 ; d. Princeton, Feb. 1814. Son of an eminent surgeon. After studying at various cities, he commenced the practice of surgery at Glasgow in 1791. He came to Amer. in 1795, and was app. prof, of chem. and nat. history in the Coll. of N. J., and subsequently of nat. philos, and mathematics, which he resigned in 1812, ha^nng been app. prof of nat. philos. and chem. in Wm. and Mary Coll. His prin- • also wrote other papers in the ( with Dr. Priestly, pub. in the N.Y Me3. Renos. McLean, John, merchant, whose name is perpetuated by the McLean Asylum for the Insane, at Somcnille, Ms., b. 1 759 ; d. Oct. 1 823. 587 He once failed for a large sum, and went throuj;h bankruptcy. Subsequently acquiring wealth, he paid his former creditors in full. Ho bequeathed $100,000 for the Ms. Gen. Hospital, and S50,000 more to that and to PI.U. McLean, John, LL.D (H.U. 1839), jurist and statesman, b. Morris Co., N. J., Mar. 11, 1785; d. Cincinnati, ()., Apr. 4, 1861. In 1789 his father removed to Va., thence to Kv., and in 1799 to Warren Co., 0. Here the son received a scanty education, laboring on the farm until 16 years of age ; was in 1807 adm. to the bar, and commenced practice at Lebanon, O. M.C. in 1813-16, supported Madison's administration, originated the law to indemnify individuals for property lost in the public ser- vice, and introduced a resolution inquiring into the expediency of giving pensions to the wid- ows of the officers and soldiers who had fallen in their country's service. From 1816 to 1822 he was a judge of the Ohio Supreme Court; in 1822 he was app. commiss. of the gen. land Office ; and in July, 1 82.3, he became postmaster- gen. After refusing the offer of the war and navy depts., he in Jan. 1830 entered upon the duties of a justice of the U.S. Sup. Court. His charges to grand juries while on circuit were disting. for ability and eloquence. One of the ablest of these was delivered in Dec. 1838, in regard to aiding or favoring unlawful mili- tary combinations by our citizens, a;,;ainst any foreign govt, or people with whom we are at peace, with special reference to the Canadian insurrection and its Amer. abettors. In the Dred Scott case he dissented from the decision of the court as given by Chief Justice Taney, and expressed the opinion that slavery has its origin merely in power, and is against right, and in this ciiuntry is sustained only by local law. Long identified with the party opposed to the extension of slavery, his name was be- fore the free-soil convention at Buffalo in 1848, as a candidate for nomination as pres. He pub. " Reports U.S. Circuit Court, 1829-42," 2 vols. 8vo ; Eulogy on James Monroe, 1831 ; occasional addresses, &.c. Mac Lellan, Isaac, Jun., b. Portland, 1810. Bowd. Coll. 1826. Practised law in Boston, but withdrew to Long Island, and en- gaged in agriculture. Author of " The Fall of the Indian, with other Poems," 18.30; "The Year and Other Poems," 1832; "Miscellane- ous Poems," 1844; "Journal of a Residence in Scotland," &c., 1834 ; " Mount Auburn and Other Poems,"1843. — See Grtswold's Poets of Amer. McLeod, Alexandek, D.D. (Mid. Coll. 1809), Presb. clergyman and author, b. Is- land of Mull, 1774; d. N.Y.Feb. 17,18.33. Un. Coll. 1798. Son of Rev. Kiel of St. Kil- da. Came to the U.S. at the age of 18, studied theology, and was settled pastor of the First Ref. Church in N.Y. He was a powerful preacher, a man of learning and wisdom, and a devout Christian. Among his pubs, are " Ne- gro Slavery Unjustifiable," 1802; "On the Messiah," 1803; "On the Catechism," 1807; "On the Ministry," 1808; "Life and Power of Godliness," 1816; "Lectures on Revela- tions," 1814; and "Sermons on the War," 1815. He assisted Dr. Mason in editing the Chr. See Memoir by Dr. S. B. IFy/ifi, Macleod, Xaviek Donald, author, b. N.Y. Nov. 17, 1821 ; crushed to death by rail- road accident near Cincinnati, July 20, 1865. Col. Coll. Son of Alexander. He took orders in tlie Epis. Church in 1845, was settled for a sliort time in a rural parish, and travelled al)ioad 1850-2. After his return he devoted himself to literary pursuits, contributing to va- rious magazines, and pub. " Pynnshurst," N.Y., 1852; "Life of Sir Walter Scott," "The Bloodstone," 1853 ; " Life of Mary Queen of Scots," 1857; "TheElder's House; " "Chateau Lescure ; " and " A Life of Fernando Wood," 1856. His fugitive poems, some of which have great merit, are his most characteristic pro- ductions. In 1857 he became editorial'y con- nected with the Leader, newspaper at St. Louis. He subsequently became prof, of rhetoric and belles-lettres at Mount St. Mary's Coll. near Cincinnati, and was ord. a priest in the R.C. Church. Maclure, William, geologist, b. Ayre, Scotland, 1763 ; d. San Angel, near the city of Mexico, 23 Mar. 1840 In his youth he had a strong predilection for the natural sciences. At 19 he visited the U.S., but returned to Lon- don, where he acquired a fortune by commer- cial pursuits. In 1796 he again came to the U.S., and formed the plan of making geol. surveys of the whole country. In the course of his pedestrian journeys, he crossed and re- crossed the Alleghany Mountains 50 times. Constructed maps showing the results of his labors, pub. in the Trans, of the Amer. Philos. Soc, and pub. his Geol. Memoir in 1817. Pres. of the Phila. Acad, of Nat. Hist. 1817- 40. In the Journal of this acad. he pub. the results of 20 visits to the W. I. Islands. In 1803 he was in Europe as one of the commiss. to settle the claims of Amer. citizens against France for spoliations of Amer. commerce. In 1819-24 he was in Spain, where he attempt- ed to establish an agric. school. He purchased land and erected buildings near Alicante ; but on the overthrow of the govt, his property re- verted to the church, from which the land had been confiscated. He then made a geol. tour through Southern Spain. He endeavored in 1825 to establish a similar agric. school near New Harmony, Ind., but did not succeed. In " Opinions on Various Subjects," mainly on polit. economy, 2 vols. 1837. His " Catalogue of Min. and Geol. Specimens at N. Harmony " was pub. 1840. He gave over 5,000 vols, to the library of the Phila. Acad., to which body his gifts amounted to $2.5,000. Many of his contribs. are in the eariy vols, of Siiliman's Jour, of Science. — See Notice bi) S. G. Morton, in Amer. .lour, of Science, xlvii. 1. McMahon, Barnard, founded in 1809 a botanic garden near Phila. ; d. Sept. 1816. He pub. in 1806 " The Amer. Gardener's Cal- endar." McMaster, Erasmits D., D.D., Presb. clergyman (son of Dr. Gilbert), b. Pa. 1806; d. Chicago, Dec. 10, 1866. Un. Coll. 1827. Licensed to preach in 1829; ord. 1831, and 588 MCN" pastor at Ballstoa, N.Y. ; prcs. of the S. Han- over Coll., Ind., 1838-45, of tlie Miami U. 1845-9 ; prof, of syst. theol. in tlie N. Albany Theol. Sem. 1849-66 ; and was then app. to the same chair by the Gen. Assembly of the Theol. Sem. of the North-west. Author of some religious works, some sermons, addresses, &,c. MoMaster, Gilbert, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1828), a Presb. clergyman, b. Ireland, Feb. 13, 1778 ; d. N. Albany, Ind., Mar. 17, 1854. Jeff. Coll. 1803. While yet a child, his fathercame with his family to this country, and settled as a farmer in Franklin Co., Pa. Ord. Aug. 8, 1808, and was settled as pastor of the cong. in Duanesburg, N.Y., where for 32 years, and as pastor of the church in Princeton, Ind., from 1840 to 1846, he exercised his ministry with great acceptance. Author of " An Essay in Defence of some Fundamental Doctrines of Christianity;" " An Analysis of the Shorter Catecliisni," 1815 ; " An Apology for the Book of Psalms ; " " The Moral Character of Civil Govt, considered," 1832 ; " Thoughts on Union in the Church of God," 1846 ; various occasional sermons, synodical speeches, eccle- siastical papers, and articles in periodicals. MacMiehael, Morton, journalist and orator, b. Burlington Co., N. J., Oct. 20, 1807. Contrib. to Phila. periodicals fiom 1824 to 1844. Since that year, editor of the Phila. North-American. A specimen of his verse is in the Phila. Book, 1836. — Allihone. McMin, Joseph, gov. of Tenn. 1815-21 ; d. Cht-rokee Agency 17 Nov. 1824. McMurtrie, Henry, M.D., prof, of anat- omv and philos. in the Pliila. high school ; d. Phila. 26 May, 1865, a. 73. Author of some valuable text-books and " Sketches of Louis- ville," 8vo, 1819. MaoNab, Sir Alan Napier, a Cana- dian statesman, b. Niagara, Feb. 19, 1798 ; d. Toronto, Aug. 8, 1862. His father was a lieut. of dragoons in the Queen's Rangers, and prin- cipal aide-de-camp to Gen. Simcoe during the Kevol. war. At the attack of Toronto by the Americans, Apr. 27, 1813, Alan, then a school- boy, carried a musket; soon after entered as a midshipman on board Sir James Yeo's ship, but abandoned the navy for the army ; was ensign of the 100th Regt. ; was present at the capture of Fort Niagara; and com. the advanced guard at the battle of Plattsbur^. After the war, he studied law, and practised ra Hamilton, acting, also, as clerk of the jour- nals in the Assembly of U.C. Chosen mem- ber of the Assembly in 1829; he was subse- (juontly speaker of the lower house. During the ins'urriotion of 1837-8 ho com. the mi'.itia on the Niagara frontier, with the rank of col. He routed the insurgents near Toronto, Dec. 7, 1837, and seized and burnt the steamer " Car- oline," employed in conveying men and supplies to them from the American side. This act, although it excited much angry comment in the U.S., was approved by the Brit. Govt. For his eminent services in quelling the insurrec- tion, he was knighted July 14, 1838, After the union of the two provinces of Canada in 1 844, he became speaker of the new Icgisl., and was prime-minister from 1854 to 185G; created a bart. in Feb. 1858. In Oct. 1857 ho retired from public life, but in 1860 was chosen a member of the western division of the legisl. council. — Morgan. MeNair, Gen. Alexander, gov. Mo. 1820-4, b. Pa.; d. May, 1826. App. lieut. inf. Jan. 8, 1799; disb. June, 1800. He was an early emigrant to Mo. Terr. ; adj. and insp. gen. 1812; col. Mo. militia in U.S. service 1813; he held also an important otHce in the Indian dept. — Gardner. McNeil, Gen. John, b. Hillsborough, N.H.,1784; d. Washington, D.C., Feb. 23, 1850. App. capt. nth Inf. Mar. 12, 1812; maj. Aug. 15, 1813 ; brev. lieut.-col. for Chippewa, July 5, 1814 ; brev. col. for the battle of Ni- agara, July 25, 1814, in which he was severely wounded; lieut.-col. 1st Inf. Feb. 24, 1818; brev. brig.-gen. July 25, 1824; col. 1st Inf. Apr. 28, 1826; resigned Apr. 23, 1830; app. surveyor of the port of Boston 1829. — Gardner. McNeil, Gen. .John, b. Brit. Provinces, of Amer. parents, ab. 1820. He learned the hatter's trade in Boston, which he carried on successfully in St. Louis for 20 years. Pla^ cing himself by the side of Gen. Lyon, he entered the service May 8, 1861 ; routed the rebel brigadier Harris at Fulton ; was placed by Fremont in com. of St. Louis ; made col. 19th Mo. Vols. 3 Aug., and early in 1862 took com. of a cav. regt., and of the dist. of N.E. Mo., which he soon cleared of guerillas, de- feating Porter at Kirkeville, 6 Aug. He was made a brig.-gcn. 29 Nov. 1862, and (listing, him- self in defence of Cape Girardeau in the spring of 1863, and during the raid by and pursuit of Gen. Price in Oct. 1864. McNeil, Gen. William Gibbs, engineer and soldier, b. N.C., 1802 ; d. Brooklyn, Feb. 16, 1853. West Point, 1817. Entering the art. he rose to the rank of maj. of topog. engrs., and resigned Nov. 23, 1837. He was many years employed as a railroad engr., and in building the dry docks at Brooklyn. During the Dorr excitement in R.I., he com. the State troops as maj.-gen., acting throughout with prudence and firmness. — Gardner. McNeven, William James, M.D., scho- lar and physician, b. Galway Co., Ireland, Mar. 26, 1763; d. N.Y. City, July 12, 1841 ; educated at the colleges of Prague and V'ienna, at the latter of which he grad. in 1784. He became a member of the society of United Irishmen, and after an imprisonment of 4 years was liberated, and passed the summer of 1 802 in travelling through Switzerland on foot, of which journey he pub. an account, entitled " A Ramble in Switzerland." He was subse- quently a capt. in the Irish brigade of the French army, but resigned his commission, and emigrated to Amer., arriving at New York July 4, 1804. From 1808 to 1830 he was a prof, in the Coll. of Phys. and Surgs., or in a med. school connected w"ith Rutgers Coll., N.J. In 1812 he was app. by Gov. Clinton resident physician ; in 1840 was a second time nomi- nated to the same office; and in the cholera season of 1832 he was one of the medical coun- cil. He pub. an " Exposition of the Atomic theory;" "Pieces of Irish History," 8vo, 1807; " Use and Construction of the Mine Auger," isLCisr Lond. 1 788 ; and an edition of Brande's chemis- try, besides occasional addn^sses, and he was also a contrib. to scientific journals. — Gross's Med. Bioq. MeN'utt, Alexander G., gov. of Mpi. 1837-41, b. Rockbridge Co., Va., 1801 ; d. De Soto Co., Mpi., Oct. 22, 1848. Wasli. Coll. Va. In 1824 he removed to Jackson, and subsequently to Vicksburg, Mpi., where he practised law. In 18.35 he was elected to the State senate from Warren Co. Careless, slovenly, and intemperate in the earlier part of his life, his vices were latterly all correct- ed. He was formidable in debate, and upon " the stump " had no superior. Macomb, Alex.\nder, maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Detroit, 13 Apr. 1782; d. Washington, 25 June, 1841. His father Alex., member N.Y. legisl. at the adoption of the U.S. Const., d. Georget., D.C., 19 Jan. 1831, a. 82. He had 6 sons in the war of 1812-15. Alex, was edu- cated in Newark, N.J. ; was app. cornet, of cav. 10 Jan. 1799 ; became maj. corps of engs. 23 Feb. 1808; lieut.-col. 23 July, 1810; col. 3d Art. 6 July, 1812 ; brig.-gen. 24 Jan. 1814 ; maj.-gen. 24 May, 1828; gen.-in-chief from that date until his d. Engaged in construct, and rep. of fortifications, chiefly in the Caroli- nas, 1805-12; acting adj.-gen. of the army 28 Apr. to 6 July ; engaged at Sackett's ILirbor, N.Y. ; bombard, of Ft. Niagara 21 Nov. 1812 ; capture of Ft. George, U.C., 27 May, 1813; com. the forces which gained the victory of Plattsburg, 1 1 Sept. 1814, for which he received thanks of Cong., a gold medal, and brev. of maj.-gen. ; com. of engineers, and insp. Milit. Acad. 1821-8; and took the field for a short time in the Fla. war in 1836. Author of trea- tise " On Martial Law and Courts-Martial," 1 809. — See Memoirs by Geo. H. Richards, N. Y. 1833. Macomb, William H., commo. U.S.N., b. Detroit, Mich., June 16, 1818. Son of the preceding. Midship. Apr. 10, 1834 ; lieut. Feb. 27, 1847 ; com. Jnlv 16, W,-2 ; cipt. July 25, 1866; commo. Jnlv, 1 ■*:n. In ,.;loop "Ports- mouth," E. I. ,s(|ii,nl , I s,'ii'.--'^ ; engaged and captured the bariiii Im t-. ( anion, China, Nov, 16-22, 1856; com., '■ Metacomet," Paraguay exped., 1859; steamer " Genesee," 1862-3; attempted the passage of confed. batteries at Port Hudson, Mar. 14, 1863; and was in fre- quent actions with confed. batteries in April- June, 1863; com. "Shamrock," N.A. block, squad., 1864-5; com. naval force in capture of Plymouth, N.C., Oct. 30, 1864; and in ac- tion with confeds. on the Roanoke River, near Poplar Point, N.C., and for his gallantry and energy in this service was advanced in grade ; com. steam-sloop " Plymouth," Europ. squad., 1869 ; light-house insp. 1871. — Hamerslij. Macon, Nathaniel, statesman, b. War- ren Co., N.C., 1757; d. there June ?9, 1837. Sent to Princeton to complete his education, he returned home when the Revol. closed the halls of science, and vol. as a private in the comp. of his bro. Col. John Macon. He was present at the fall of Charleston, the rout of Camden, and the retreat of Greene across Caro- lina. Member of the General Assembly in 1 780-5. About this time he m. Miss Hannah Plummcr. He opposed the adoption of the U S. as confer power on the new govt. ; and be twice declined postmaster-generalshi]) tendered by Jefferson. M.C. 1791-1815; U.S. senator 1816-28; from 1801 to 1806 he was speaker of the house; and from 1825 to 1828 he presided /jjo tempore in the senate ; pres. of the State Const. Conv. of 1835. The State preserved the memory of his services by naming a county after him in 1828. He was the bosom-friend of Jefferson and Madison ; and no one was more devoted to him than John Randolph, who characterizes him in his will as " the best and purest and wisest man that I ever knew." A sketch of his life by E. R. Cotton was pub. at Balti- more, 1840. McPherson, Edwabd, LL.D. (Pa. Coll. 1867), b. Gettysburg, Pa., 31 July, 1830. Pa. Coll. 1848. He edited a paper at Harrisburg a few years ; was M.C. 1859-63 ; clerk of that body 1863-9 ; and sec. " Union National Com- mittee" 1860-t. Author of a "Political Histo- ry of the U.S. during the Rebellion," and a " Political Manual," and of ttvo series of Let- ters on the Internal Affairs of Pa. He has de- livered many addresses on literary and other topics. One of the proprietors and editor of the Geth/sburg Sentinel. Macpberson, James, author of the " Poems of Ossian," b. Inverness, Scotland, 1738; d. Feb. 17, 1796. In 1764 he accomp. Gov. Johnston to Fla. as private sec. ; but after spending a short time there, and visiting other parts of N.A., he returned to Lond. in 1766. In 1775 he supported the measures of Lord North, by his " Rights of Great Britain over her Colonies asserted," and was rewarded with the lucrative office of agent to the nabob of Arcot, and a seat in house of commons. McPberson, James Birdsete, brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Clyde, Sandusky Co., O., 14 Nov. 1828; killed near Atlanta, Ga., 22 July, 1864. West Point, 1853 (1st in his class). Entering the engr. corps, he was assist, instr. at West Point in 1853-4 ; was engaged on the defences of N.Y. harbor in 1854-7, and in San Fran- cisco Bay in 1858-61 ; 1st lieut, 13 Dec. 1858; capt. 6 Aug. 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. 15 May, 1862; maj.-gen. vols. 8 Oct. 1862; brig.-gen. U.S.A. 1 Aug. 1863 for his great services in the capture of Vicksburg. Nov. 12, 1861, he was aide-de-camp to Gen. Halleck, and chief engr. of the Army of the Tenn. ; at the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, the battle of Shiloh, the operations around Corinth, the battle of luka, and the second battle of Cor- inth. In the advance through Central Mpi. in Nov. and Deo. 1862, he com. one wing of the army (the 17th Corps) with great ability. At the battle of Port Gibson, the advance from Hankerson's Ferry to Jackson, the 17th Corps fought the bulk of Johnston's army alone, and was conspicuous at Champion Hills. He repulsed the enemy at Canton, Mpi.; was second in com. to Gen. Sherman in the exped. to Meridian in Feb. 1864; and in the Atlanta Campaign disting. himself at Re- saea, Dallas, Alhuoona, Kulp House, and Kcnesaw ; having been app. 12 Mar. 1864, com. of the dept. and Army of the Tenn. In :m^c 590 MCM the battle before Atlanta he held the left of the line. While superintending an advance of the skirmish-line he was amhuslied and shot. He was one of the ablest officers of the army. Macpherson, Gen. William, b. Phila. 1756 ; d. near there, Nov. 1813. Son of Capt. John, and Mar<,'arct, sister of Dr. John Rod- gers of N.Y. His education was completed at Princeton, N.J. App. a cadet in the British army at 13, he became lieut. and adj. of the 16th Regt. He joined the Amer. army on the Hudson ab. the end of 1779, and was app. by Washington a brev. major. After serving as aide-de-camp to Lafayette, he was afterwards app. by Washington to com. a partisan corps of cavalry, which served in Va. in 1781. App. surveyor of the port of Phila. Sept. 19, 1789; insp. of the revenue, Mar. 8, 1792 ; and naval officer, Nov. 28, 1793, which office he held till his death. He was made a col., subsequently brig.-gen. of militia, and Mar. 11, 1799, was app. brig.-gen. of the provisional army of the U.S. ; bro. of John, aide to Montgomery, who fell at Quebec. A son, Josisph Stout, capt. U.S.N., d. 28 Apr. 1824, a. 35.— Rot/ers. McRae, John J., gov. Mpi. 1854-8 ; b. Wayne Co., Mpi. ab. 1810; d. Balize, British Honduras, May 30, 1868. U. of Mpi. 1834. He received a good education ; adopted the profession of the law; was frequently elected to the State legisl., officiating during 2 sessions as speaker; wasalsoelected to the State senate ; was in 1851 for a short time in the U.S. senate ; M.C. 1858-61. Joined in the Rebellion, but did not become prominent. Mac Bea, William, col. U.S.A. ; d. near Shawneetown, III., Nov. 3, 1832, a. 65. App. from Va. lieut. of leviesof 1 791 ; wounded at St. Clair's defeat, Nov. 4, 1791 ; cnf>t. Dec. 1794; capt. art. June, 1798; maj. July 31. 1800; lieut. -col. Apr. 1814, disting. in battle of N. Orleans; brev. col. Apr. 19, 1824. — Gardner. McRee, Griffith Joh.v, lawyer and author, I). Wilmington, N.C., 20 Sept. 1820. N.J. Coll. 1838. Adm. to the bar 1841 ; m. Penelope, dau. of Gov. Iredell. Author of " Life of James Iredell," 2 vols. 8vo, 1857. Grandson of Col. G. J. McRee (b. N.C. 17.53, d. Wilmington, N.C, Oct. 1801), nephew of William, who came from Down Co., Ireland, and in 1737 wasa judge at Wilmington, N.C. ; maj. and licut.-col. in the Revol. army ; capt. artillerists and engs. June 2, 1794; collector of revenue dist. of Wilmingion, N.C, Apr. 1798. His father, James F., an eminent phy- sician and naturalist, b. Wilmington, 1778, d. in the fall of 1869 (Coll. of Phvs. and Surgs., N.Y.). G. J. is a member of the N.Y. and Wise. Hist. Societies, and of the N. E. H. and Geneal. Society. McBee, William, colonel U.S.A., son of Col. G. J. McRee, b. Wilmington, N.C, Dec. 13. 1787; d. St. Louis, Mo., 10 Sept. 1832. West Point (lient. of engrs.), 1805. Capt. 23 Feb. 1808; major, July 31, 1812; chief engr. in Gen. Brown'sarmy, 1814; brev. lieut.-col. for gallant conduct in battle of Niagara, July 25 ; brev. col. for disting. and merit, service in defence of Fort Erie, Aug. 15, 1814; lieut.-col. Nov. 12, 1818; U.S.surviyor- gen. public lands. 111., Mo , and Ark. Terri- tories, Jim. 1 825 to 1 832. In 1 81 6 he was sent with Major Thayer on a mission to France to collect scientific and military information for the military acad. Resigned 1819. He pos- sessed a highly cultivated mind and excellent judgment. MeSparran, James, D.D. (U. of Glasg. 1737), an Episc. clergyman, b. Ireland; d. S. Kingston, R.I., Dec. 1, 1757. Ord. deacon, Aug. 21, and priest, Sept. 25, 1720, he was sent as a missionary to Narragansett, R.I., where he spent the rest of his useful life. Arriving Apr. 28, 1721, he immediately commenced his labors in the Church of St. Paul's, Kingston. Wilkins Updike has pub. a large octavo vol. of interesting notes, biographical and historical, relative to this society. May 22, 1722, he was m. to Hannah, dau. of William, and sister of Dr. Sylvanus Gardiner of Boston. Dr. Me- Sparran pub. a series of letters entitled "Amer- ica Dissected," an historical tract of merit, 1752; also sermons and other occasional pro- ductions elicited bv incidents in his ministry. MacVickar, John, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1825), author and clergyman, b. N.Y. 1787; d. Bloom- ingdale, N.Y., Oct 29, 1868. Col. Coll. 1804. After spending some time at Cambridge, Eng., he was ord. an Episc. clergyman, and in 1811 was settled over a parish in Hyde Park, N.Y. In 1817-57 he was prof, of moral philos., rhet- oric, and belles-lettres in Col. Coll.; prof, of nat. and rev. religion in 1857-64 ; and after- ward emeritus prof, and chaplain at Govern- or's Island. Author of " A Domcsiic Narra- tive of the Life of Saml. Bard," 1822 ; " Outlines of Political Economy," 1825; "Early Years," 1834; "The Professional Yeare of Bishop Ho- bart," 1836; "Remains of Key. Edmund D. Griffin, with Memoir," 2 vols. 8vo, 1831 ; " On Abolishing Damages on Protested Bills," &.c., Svo, 1829 ; " Hints on Banking," 1827 ; and of numerous essays, addresses, &c. — See I/ife by W. A. McVic/.-ar, New York, 1871. Maewhorter, Alexander, D.D. (Y.C. 1776), Pi-esb. divine, b. Newcastle Co., Del., 15 July, 1734; d. Newark, N.J., 20 July, 1807. N.J. Coll. 1757. Settled near Newark in 1759; was employed in a mission to N.C. in 1 764-6 ; and in 1 775 was sent by Congress to the western counties of N.C. to persuade the numerous roy- alists there to adopt the patriot cause. Chap- lain to Knox's brigade in 1778 ; settled in Char- lotte, N.C, in 1779, but from 1780 to his death preached in Newark. In 1788 he was promi- nent in settling the confession of faith, and form- ing the constitution of the Presb. Church. In 1 800 ho pub. a century sermon at Newark, and in 1803 a coll. of sermons in 2 vols. — -Sjtraffue. McWillie, William, politician, h. near Liberty Hill, Kershaw Dist., S.C, Nov. 17, 1795; d. Kirkwood, Mpi., Mar. 3, 1869. S.C. Coll. 1817. During the war of 1812 with Eng., he served as adj. in the regiment of his father. Col. Adam McW. Adm. to the bar in 1818, he became a successful lawyer ; many years a representative and senator in the S.C. legisl.; and in 1845 removed to Mpi., where he had established a large planting interest 10 years before. M.C. from Mpi. 1849-51 ; and gov. in 1853-60. He was active and prominent in the Rebellion. TNtATD 591 Madison, George, soldier and statesman, b. Va. 1763; d. Paris, Ky., Oct. 14, 1316. Having at an early period removed to Ky., at the age of 1 7 he served as a soldier on our west- ern frontier, and was engaged in several bat- tles with the Indians. He com. a company, and was wounded, under St. Clair; Heut. Ky. mounted vols, under Maj. Adair ; wounded m action with Indians, near Fort St. Clair, Nov. 6, 1792 ; maj. Ky. vols, in battle with British and Indians at Frenchtown, Jan. 18, 1813 ; and under Wilkinson in his defeat at River Raisin, where he was taken prisoner. After being 20 years auditor of the public accounts, he was chosen gov. of Ky. for 4 years in 1816, but d. a few weeks after his election. Bro. of bishop M. Madison, James, 4th pres. of the U.S., b. Port Conway, King (ieorge Co., Va., 16 Mar. 1751 ; d. Montpelier, Va., 28 June, 1836. N. J. Coll. 1771. Son of Col. James and Nelly Con- way. He studied law, and by close application injured his health. In 1776 he was elected to the Va. Assembly; in 1778 to the exec, coun- cil, and in 1779 to Congress. In this body he strongly opposed the issue of paper money by the States ; as chairman of the com. to prepare instructions to the U.S. foreign ministers, drew up an al)le paper in support of our territorial claims and the free na\ngation of the Mpi., and zealously advocated in 1783 the establishment of a system of general revenue. Member of the convention which in 1787 formed the U.S. Constitution, taking a prominent pan in the debatf^s, and supporting it in a series of able essays in the Federalist, and also in the Va. convention of 1788. M.C. 1789-97, uniting with the Republicans as a moderate opponent of the administration of Washington ; and in 1793 declined the post of sec. of state vacated by Jelferson. He opposed the alien and sedi- tion laws of 1798, and was the author of a se- ries of resolutions adopted by the legisl. of Va., and kno^vn as the "Resolutions of 1798," which protested against all attempts to increase the power of the govt, by forced constructions of general clauses of the Constitution. Sec. of state in 1801-9 ; elected pres. in 1808 ; and re- clectedin 1812. On taking his office 4 Mar. 1809, he found the U.S. involved in disputes with the British Govt, upon the impressment of her sea- men, the searching of her vessels for deserters, and upon commercial restrictions by orders in council. Non-interconrse was decreed in May, 1810, and war was declared 18 June, 1812. Can- ada was invaded ; Washington was captured and the Capitol burned in Aug. 1814; and 8 Jan. 1815, Jackson achieved a splendid victory at N. Orleans. A treaty of peace was signed at Ghent 24 Dec. 1814; but the right of search was not relinquished. After his retirement, ho passed his days on his farm at Montpelicr. Dorothy Todd, whom he m. in 1794, and who long occupied a prominent place in society, d. 12 July, 1849, a. 82. Madison was the per- sonal and political friend of Jeti'erson, though their characters were essentially diftercnt. His " Reports of the Debates in the National Con- vention of 1787" were pub. 3 vols. 8vo, 1840, under the supervision of H. D. Gilpin. He was a member of the Va. convention of 1829 to amend its constitution. His complete works have been pub. in 6 vols. 8vo. — Sre IF. C. Bives's Life and Times of Madison, 3 vols. 1859- 68; J. Q. Adams's Life of Madison, 1850. Madison, James, I).D., Pr.-Epis. bishop of Va., b. near Port Republic, Va., Aug. 27, 1749; d. Mar. 6, 1812. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1768. Son of John, who was cousin of the fa- ther of President Madison, and for a long time clerk of West Augusta. At an early age the son was sent to an acad. in Md. Amongother honorable testimonials of proficiency, he re- ceived in 1772 the gold medal assigned by Lord Botetourt for the encouragement of classical learning. He studied law under Mr. Wythe, and was adm. to the bar, but devoted himself to the church. In 1773 he was chosen prof, of mathematics in Wm. and Mary Coll., of which he was pres. from 1777 to his death. He visited London, where he continued until the latter part of 1778, enjoying the instruction of Cavallo in nat philos., and of other disting. men in various branches of science. In 1784 he gave up the mathematical dept. of the coll., and became prof, of nat. and moral philos., and continued in this office until his death. In 1788 Mr. Madison was chosen bishop of the Pr.-Ep. Church, and was consec. in Eng. Sept. 19, 1790. Various universities and literary so- cieties subsequently conferred their honors on him. Under his care the coll. of Wm. and Mary advanced steadily in reputation. His only publications were several occasional discourses, a "Eulogy on Washington," 1800, a large map of Virginia, and papers in Barton's Jour- nal, and in "Trans. Amer. Soc." ii., iii., iv. MadockawandO, saclicm of Penobscot, was a powerful chief in the wiirof 1676. Ho assisted the Frenchman Pontneiif at the cap- ture of Caseo Fort in May, 1690, and June 10, 1692, co-operated with the French in the un- successful attack on Storcr's garrison in Wells, com. by Capt. Convers. He afterward entered into the treaty at Pemaquid ; but Thury the missionary persuaded him again to take up the hatchet. In 1694 he accomp. the Sieur de Villierswith 25(1 Indians in the attack at Oyster River, Piscataqua, killing and capturing, July 17, nearly 100 persons, .-ind burning 20 houses. He fought bravely, carried his scalps to Canada, and was rewarded by Frontenac. Madrid de, Jose Fkrnaijdez, b. Cartha- gena, S. America, 1789; d. 1830. Chosen pres. of the republic of New Gr.anada in 1816, but in the same year was made prisoner by the Spaniards ; escaping after 9 years' imprison- ment at Havana, he was employed by Bolivar as secret agent at Paris. Author of " Atala," a tragedy. Maffitt, JoHs Newland, an eloquent Metb. j.reacher, b. Dublin, Ireland, Dec. 28, 1794 ; d. Mobile, Ala., May 28, 1850. He be- came a preacher in Ireland, and displayed remarkable oratorial powers. He came to the U.S. in 1819; was adm. into the N.E. conf. ; and for 13 years was app. to some of the most prominent churches. Removing to New York, he preached, lectured, and delivered addresses, in various parts of the country. In 1833 he was connected with the Western Methodist, a weekly journal. His labors as a preacher at the \Ve^t and South were attended with great 592 IS/LAJ. success. He was elected to the chair of elocu- tion and belles-lettres in La Grange Coll., Ala., in 1837, and was chaplain to Congress in 1841. In 1847 he took up his residence in Arkansas. Author of "Poems," 12mo, Louisville, 1839; " Tears of Contrition " (an autobiog.), 12mo, lS2\.—See Trial of J. T. Buckinghnm for libel on, 1822. His son, John Newland, a capt. in the confed. navy, entered the U.S.N, as mid- shipm. in 1832 ; was a com. in 1861, and dur- ing the Rebellion did great damage to U. S. cammerce in " The Florida." Magaw, Robert, col. 6th Pa. Rcgt. in the Revol. army ; d. Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 1789. He quitted the Phila. bar to join as major, Thomp- son's rifle regt. ; com. at Ft. Washington, and, after a brave defence, was compelled to sur- render that post 16 Nov. 1776. Magellan or Magalhaens, Ferdin.\nd DE, a famous Portuguese navigator, b. ab. 1470; d. Apr. 27, 1521. He served under Albuquerque in the East Indies, and especially disting. himself at the taking of Malacca in 1511. He afterward entered the Spanish ser- vice, and was intrusted by Charles V. with the com. of a fleet destined to explore a pas- sage to the Molucca Islands, by sailing west- ward. The voyage was begun Sept. 20, 1519; ab. the end of Oct. 1520, he entered the straits since called after him ; and Nov. 27 discovered and named the Pacific Ocean. Continuing his course, he arrived at the Ladrone Islands ab. 6 March, 1521, and subsequently at the Philip- pines, on one of which he lost his life in a skir- mish with the natives, or, as some accounts state, by the mutiny of his crew. One of his ships, with 1 8 men, escaped, and reached Seville, Sept. 8, 1521, under Sebastian del Cano, who first circumnavigated the globe. An Italian named Pigafetta, who accomp. Magellan, kept a journal of this last voyage, which was pub. — See Mavor's Voyages, v. 1. Maginnis, Johk, journalist, b. Dromore, Ireland, 1814 ; d. N. Orleans, 3 Mar. 1863. A resident of N.O. ; many years connected with the press ; one of the editors of the Picayune, 1843-5 ; 18 Nov. 1849, he commenced to pub. the True Delta, which he made one of the most popular, influential, and profitable papers of the day. Magoon, Elisha L., D.D., Baptist clergy- man and author, b. Lebanon, N.H., Oct. 20, 1810. His father was an architect. He was between the agei he was 6 years pas- tor of the Second Baptist Church at Richmond, Va. ; then made the tourof Europe, and on his return became pastor of a church in Cincinnati. In 1849 he removed to N.Y. City, and became pastor of the Oliver-street Baptist Church ; in 1857 he was settled in Albaqy. He has pub. "Orators of the Amer. Revol.," N.Y. 1848; " Living Orators in America," 1849 ; " Crumbs for the People," 1849 ; " Republican Christian- ity," 1849; "Western Empire," 1856 ; " Elo- quence of the Colonial Times," Ciu. 1847 ; and " Eloquence and Liberty," an oration at Lex- ington, Va., 24 June, 1846. Magruder, Allan B., lawyer and U.S. senator from La. in 1812, b. Ky. ; d. Opelousas, La., Apr. 1822. He pub. " Reflections on the Cession of La.," 8vo, Lexington, 1803; "A Character of Mr. Jefferson ; " and had collected materials for a gen. hist, of the Indians. Magruder,JonNBANKHEAD,gen. C.S.A., b. Va, ab. 1810; d. Houston, Tex., 19 Feb. 1871. West Point, 18.30. Entering 7th Inf., he became 1st lieut. March 31, 1836 ; capt. 18 June, 1846; in 1847 was hrev. major for gal- lantry at Cerro Gordo, and lieut.-col. for Cha- pultepec, where he was wounded ; and com. the light battery with Gen. Pillow's division. He resigned Apr. 20, 1861 ; was made a col. in the Army of Va., and com. at Yorktown until its May 3, 1862, having received the successive grades of brig, and maj. gen. in the Confed. service. He took part in the battles of the Chickahominy campaign ; Oct 16, 1862, was put in command of the forces in 'Texas, Arizona, and N. Mexico, and com. the exped. which obliged the national forces to evacuate Galveston. Mabam, Col. Hezekiah, Revol. officer, b. parish of St. Stephens, S.C, June 26, 1739 ; d. 1789. Member of the first Prov. Congress of S.C. ; capt. in Huger's regt. in the spring of 1776; was at the siege of Savannah and the battle of Stono; was a com. of horse in Marion's brigade, and lieut.-col. of an independent cav. corps ; and bore an efficient and conspicuous part in the capture of several British posts in S.C. In the attack on Fort Watson, Maham suggested the erection of a quadrangular tower of sufficient height to overlook the stockades. Upon the top of this a parapet was made, aft'ording shelter for marksmen. This rendered the post untenable, and it was obliged to sur- render. — Lossing, Mahan, Dennis H., LL.D., engineer, b. N.Y. City, 1802; drowned in the Hudson River 16 ,Sept.l871. West Point, 1824. Assist, prof, maths, at W. Point, 1821-5 ; assist, prof, eng. 1825-6; act. prof, milit. and civil eng. 1830; prof, of same Mar. 1831 to his d. He was under orders in Europe in 1827-30; at- tached to the military school at Metz in 1829- 30 ; under orders in Europe from May to Nov. 1857. Author of " Elem. Treatise on Civil Engineering," Svo, 1838; "Field Fortifica- tions," 8vo, 1836; "Advanced Guard Outpost and Detachment Service," 1847 ; " Permanent Fortifications," 1867 ; "Industrial Drawing," Svo, 1852; Moseley's "Architecture and En- gineering," 1856; " Fortification Drawing and Stereotoniy," 1865. His works are text-hooks at West Point and in some of the U.S. col- leges. Member of manv sclent, societies ; LL.D. of Wm. and Marv, Brown, and Dartm. Colls. — Cullum. Mahan, Milo, D.D., Pr.-Ep. clergyman and author; d. Baltimore 4 Sept. 1870. Some years prof, in Col. Coll., afterward rector of St. Paul's Church, Baltimore; recently elected prof, of systematic divinity in the N.Y. Gen. Theol. Sem. Author of an able reply to Co- lenso's works against the inspiration of the Scriptures, and of a curious work on the signi- ficance of the numbers in the Scriptures. Maitland, John, lieut.-col., a British offi- cer ; d. Savannah, Ga., Oct. 25, 1779. He had lost a hand in the E. Indies ; was a man of fortune, and a member of the British parlia- 393 mcnt; lieut.-col. 71st Regt. Oct. 1 4, and disting. at the siege of Savannah; com. boat expedition, May 8, 1778, which de- strovcd the Anier. shipping in the Delaware Hiver. Makemie, Frakcis, an early Presb. min- ister of \'a., b. Donegal Co., Ireland ; d. Bos- ton in the Slimmer of 1708. He came from Scotland ab. 1682; preaclied in Va. and the Carolinas, and was in 1090 a resident of Ac- comac Co., Va. ; engaged in the W.I. trade. He afterward qualified himself under the Tol- eration Act in Barbadoes as a Dissenting min- ister; and in 1699 pub. in Edinburgh " Truths in a New Light," &c In Oct. 1699 he was licensed to preach in Va. He went to Eng. in 1704, and pub. in London " A Plain and Lov- ing Persuasion to the Inliabitants of Va. and Md. for promoting Towns and Co-habitation." Returning in 1705, he was licensed to officiate on tlie eastern shore of Md. For preaching in N.Y.Jan. 19, 1707, he was arrested by Gov. Cornbiiiy, and imprisoned two months. He soon after went to Boston, where this sermon was printed. He also pub. " A Narrative " of the artair, which was reprinted in 1755 by Hugh Gaine in N.Y., and in Force's Tracts, v. Coriibnry wrote to the lords of trade and the plantations, that Makemie was "a preacher, a doctor of physic, a merchant, an attorney, a counsellor at law, and, which is worst of all, a disturber of governments." In 1692 he pub. in Boston " An Answer to George Keith's Li- bel on a catechism pub. by F. Makemie ; "■ iin- primnhir Increase Mather. He possessed learn- ing, energy, talent, and public spirit. — Presb. Ch. in America. Makin, Thomas, poet, d. Pa. 1 735. He was an early settler of Pa. ; was in 1689 usher to George Keith in the Friend's Grammar School, succeeding him as master in 1690. He was forsorae time clerk of the Prov. Assembly. He pub. two Latin poems in 1728 and 1729, inscribed to James Logan, entitled " Encomium PennsylvaniiB," and " In Litiulis Pennsi/lvunia; Poemii," extracts from which are in Proud's " History of Pennsylvania." Malbone, Edward G., portrait-painter, b. Newport, R.I, Aug. 1777; d. Savannah, Ga., May 7, 1807. He early displayed a tal- ent for painting, and, while a boy, painted an entire scene lor a theatre. At 17 he establislied himself in Providence as a portrait-painter. Removing to Boston in 1796, he practi^ed there, and in New York and Pliila., until, in 1800, he accomp. AUston to Charleston, and the next year to Europe. While in London, Malbone was urged by West, the pres. of the Royal Aciid., to remain ; but he returned to Charleston in Dec. 1801. He painted minia- tures in various places with high repute, until his intense application undermined his health, and, relinquishing his pencil in the summer of 1806, he soon after made a voyage to the W. Indies, from which he derived no benefit. Many of his portraits are owned in Charleston, where he was often employed. His other coin- positions are marked by agreeable style, and warmth and delicacy of coloring; and be oc- casionally attempted landscape in oil. One of his finest works, the Hours, represents three 8, beautiful females moving i past, nd futun Malcolm, Rev. Alexander, author of an ariibraetie and an algebra of merit, b. Scot- land ; d. Md. July, 176.3, at an advanced age. Malcolm, James Peller, artist and an- tiquary, b. Pbila. Aug. 1767, who, while young, went to London \o study painting, and d. Apr. 5, 1815, in indigent circumstances. His maternal ancestor, James Peller, was an emigrant with Penn. Failing with the pencil, he took the graver, and executed a number of topographical plates, chiefly for the works of Gough and Nichols, and the Gentleman's Mai/uzine ; and became a member of the Society of Antiquaries. He pub. " Londinum lleclincum, or an Ancient and Modern Description of Lon- don," 4 vols. 4to ; " Letters between the Rev. James Granger and many Eminent Men," Svo ; " First Impressions, or Sketches from Art and N.iture," 8vo ; " Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London," 4to; "Miscellaneous Anecdotes," 8vo ; " An Histoncal Sketch of the Art of Caricaturing," 4to. — Gentleman's MaLAJL, 594 Mallery, Gareick, LL.D. (Laf. Coll. 18401, jurist, Ij. Woodbury, Ct., 17 Apr. 1784; d. Phila. 6 July, 1866. Y.C. 1808. Prin- cipal of the Wilkesbarre Acad. ; studied at the Litchfield Law School ; admitted to practise in Wilkesbarre in 1811; member Pa. legisl. 1828-31; pres. judge 3d jud. dist. 1831-G; removed to Phila. in Nov. 1836, and was a successful practitioner ; several years master in chancery of the Sup. Court. lie was, wliile in the le;.'isl., largely instrumental in establishing thegeuei-al improvement and penitentiary sys- tems of Pa. Mallory, Col. ; killed while repelling the British invasion of Elizabeth City Co., Va., 1780. His son Chables K., lawyer, member Va. Assembly, exec. coon. 1808 ; lieut.-gov., was collector of Norfolk at his d., 15 Apr. 1820, a. 38. Mallory, Stephen R., sec. of the Confed. navy, b. Trinidad, 1810. Son of a sea-capt. of Bridgeport, Ct., who d. in 1821, while at Key West with his vessel ; and the wife and son, remaining, opened a hotel there. Educated in N.Y. and Ct. lie returned to Key West ; studied law there ; was adm. to the bar in 1833 ; was app. by Pres. Jackson insp. of the customs , at Key West ; became county judge for Monroe Co., and judge of probate; in 1845 received from Pres. Polk the lucrative office of collector of Key West ; and was U.S. senator from 1851 until after the secession of Fla., 21 Jan. 1861. While in the senate, he was several yeara chairman of the com.- on naval affairs, and an adherent of the Democ. party ; after the war he was some time a prisoner of state. He m. a dau. of Senor Moreno of Pensacola, one of the wealthiest of the old Spanish inhabitants of Fla. Delegate to the Nashville i Maltby, Gex. Isaac, militaiy writer, of Hatfield, Ms. ; d. Waterioo, N.Y., Sept. 1819. Y.C. 1 786. Many years a member of the Ms. legisl., and was a brig.-gen. ot militia in 1814. He pub. "Elements of War," 12mo, 1812; "A Treatise on Courts-Martial and Military Law," 1813. Maneo Capac I., legislator, and first inca of Pcru,was the 12th in ascent from the inca who reigned at the time of the Spanish invasion, in 1 532, an interval of ab. 400 years. He is sup- posed to have been somestran^er from a civilized land, who employed the associations of religion to procure an ascendency which enabled him to form a regular govt. He had a long and pros- perous reign, and seems justly to have been entitled to rank among the benefactors of man- kind by the benevolence of his institutions. — Rohei'tson. Maneo Capac II., inca of Peru ; killed 1 544. Second son of Huayna Capac, the con- queror of Quito, who d. ab. 10 years after the first arrival of the Spaniards. Maneo was, after the taking of Cuzco, placed on the throne. Unwilling to be a puppet in the hands of Pizarro, after in vain petitioning for power to exercise the sovereignty, he fled ; was captureli priva- teers, one of 18, tli.- c.tlur |6 guns : he c.iptuied both. He com. " The Hngue," frigate, in .Sept. ised W. by a British 74 on a sand-hank at Guadaloupe, and for 3 days sustained the cannonade of 3 ships, but finally got off. On returning to Boston he was arrested upon a variety of charges by one of bis ofiicers. The proceed- ings of the court were not altogether in appro- bation of his conduct. Mann, A. Uudlet, diplomatist, b. Va., 180.5; was app. special plenipo. to negotiate commercial treaties with Hanover, Oldeuhnrg, and Mecklenburg, in 184.5; was accredited to all the German States, except Prussia, for the same object in 1847 ; was commiss. to Hungary in 1849 ; minister to Switzerland in 1850 ; and negotiated a reciprocal treaty; sec. to Prcs. Pierce in 1853, and resigned the same year. Having drvotod himself specially to the devel- opment of the material interests of the South- ern States, he was sent to Europe by the Con- fed, govt, upon a special mission, and was afterward joined with Slidell and Mason to represent it abroad. Mann, Ctrcs, Cong, clergyman and au- thor, h. Orford,N.H.,Apr. 3, 1785; d. Stough- ton, Ms., Feb. 9, 1859. Dartm. Coll. 1805. Princip:d of Gilmanton Acad. 2 years; teacher of the Trov high school one year; tutor at D.C. 1809-14; pastor of the church at West- minister, Ms., Feb. 22, 1815, to June 9, 1841 ; then of the Robinson Ch., Plymouth, 3 years ; next a teacher at Lowell several years ; finally acting pastor of the N. Falmouth church, 1852-6. He pub. " A Treatise on Trigonome- try ; " " An Epitome of the Evidences of Chris- ty ; " "A History of the Temperance A Memoir of Mrs. Myra W. Eeforma Allen ; " and some sermons. Mann, Horace, LL.D. (H.U. 1849), edu- cationist, b. Franklin, Ms., 4 May, 1796; d. Yellow Springs, O., 2 Aug. 1869. " Brown U. 1819. He was obliged to procure an educa- tion by his own exertions ; studied law at Litchfield, and in 1823 was adm. to the bar. He began practice at Dedham ; was a mem- ber of the Ms. house of reps, in 1828-33, and of the senate in 1833-7, presiding over it in 1836-7, and disting. himself for devotion to Ihe interests of education and temperance. In his law practice he would never espouse the unjust side of any cause, and by his honesty exercised extraordinary influence over the minds of juries. He moved to Boston in 1833, and in 1837-48 was sec. of the Ms. Board of Education. The State Lunatic Hospital at Worcester was founded through bis efforts. Important changes were made, through his in- fluence, in the school-laws and in the educa- tional system of the State. In May, 1843, he m. as his second wife, Mary, dau. of Dr. Nathaniel Peabody, and visited Europe soon after, inspecting the school-systems of Europe, and especially of Germany. M.C. and succes- sor of Jolin Quincy Adams in 1848-5:!. he from the Territories' Prcs. of Aniioch Cull, trora Sept. 1852 to his death: under bis able management it attained a large degree of success ; but his labors were too much for his health, which gave way soon after his extraor- dinary eflport at the coll. commencement in July, 1859. In 1835 he was a commiss. to superintend the pub. of the revised statutes of Ms., for which he prepared the marginal notes and referenc-es. His annual Educational Re- ports, 12 in number, rank deservedly high. In the 7ih of the series he describes his educational tour in Europe. In the discussion upon the abolition of corporal punishment with the Bos- ton schoolmasters, he won a complete triumph ; and the practice was discontinued. His 10th Report was highly extolled by the Edinburgh Reciew. Mr. Mann edited the Common iSehool Journal, and pub. a vol. of " Lectures on Edu- cation," 1848. His " Letters and Speeches on Slavery " were pub. 1851; "Lectures on In- temperance," 1852. He engaged in a contro- versy with Daniel Wel]ster in 1850, on account of bis 7th-of- .March speech, .and was the unsuc- cessful candidate of the Free Soil party for gov. in 1852. — i^ee Life of, bi/ his widow, 8vo, 1865. Mrs. Mann has also pub. " Christianity in the Kitchen." " The Flower People," and a transl. of Sarmiento's " Life in the Argent. Republic," Mann, James, M.D. (B.U. 1815), A.A.S., surgeon, b. Wrentham, Ms., Julv 22, 1759; d. N.Y. Nov. 7, 1832. H.U. 1776. He was 3 years a surgeon in the Revol. army. lu 1812 he was a hospital surgeon, U.S.A., and head of the medical staff on the northern frontier ; post-surgeon, Apr. 1818; assist, surgeon. May, 1821 . He pub. two Monographs which gained prizes in 1804, and " Medical Sketches of Campaigns of 1812-14," &c., 8vo, 1816. Manners, George, British consul in Boston, 1819-35. Author of some dramas of merit and some poetical works ; d. Coburg, Canada West, 18 Feb. 1853, a. 75. Manning, James, D.D., scholar and divine, b. Elizahethtown, N. J., Oct. 22, 1738; d. Providence, R.t., July 29, 1791. N. J. Coll. 1762. He acquired fame as a preacher by his abilities and learning, aided by a fine voice and delivery. When the Baptists, in 1764, estab- lished "a coll. in R.I., he was invited to take charge of it; removed to Warren in the follow- ing year, where the institution was opened in lyLAN Sept. ; and, on its removal to Providence in 1770, be«ime pastor of the Baptist church in that town. This position he occupied till his death, except during an interval of .six months. It hore the title of the Coll. of R. I. till 1804, when it was named Brown University in honor of its most munificent patron. In 1786 he was a delegate to Corifrress, a jiost he resigned on account of its inininiiniMiuv with his other duties. When the (' 1 1 : i :' -> , [he .subject of debate, he was a zr,, I , i In 178.3 he. resumed his duri<^ ;i: ih' ^^ i- _'!■, suspended daring the war, and resiyntd the presidency in 1790, and his pastorate in Apr. 1791. — 'See Life, Times, and Coiresp. of, by R. A. Guild, 8vo, 1864. Marming, Richard, Jun., gov. of S C. 1824-5, b. Sumter Dist., S C, 1 Mmv, 178'.) ; d. Phila. 1 May, 18.'!6. Col. Coll., S.C., 181 1. He com. a vol. company in ihe war of 1812; was frcquentlv a member of the State legisl. ; and M.C. 18.i4-6. Mansfield, Edward Deerikg, LL.D. (Mar. Coll. lS.-i+), author, b. New Haven, 1801. West I'ulnt. isl'j; N.J. Coll. 1822. Son of C.ii .1. r.|. (Miiitsellor at law in Ct. 182.5, iti ' 'iii'i lsi'(;-,:t; ; prof, const, law and history ill (iiinii. (■,,li.,().. 1836-7. Author of " Poli- tic al (■i^imiuMr," 1835; "Legal Rights of Woukii," 1845 ; " Life of Gen. Scott," 1846 ; '• Hist, of the Mexican War," 1848 ; " Ameri- can Kducation," 1850; "Treatise on Const. Law," 1835; "Memoirs of Daniel Drake," 1855 ; with B. Drake, " Cincinnati in 1826 ; " editor of Cincinnati Chronicle and Atlas, 1836- .'^2, of the Railroad liecordsuKe 1852. Author also of a discourse on the " Utility of Mathema- tics," and of several addresses on edueatiun from 1834 to 1849 ; now (1871 ) resides in Cincinnati. Mansfield, Col. Jared, LL.D. (Y.C. 1825), b. N. Haven, Ct., 1759 ; d. there Feb. 3, 1830. Y.C. 1777. He taught school in N. Haven in 1794; afterward had charge of a Quaker grammar school in Phila., where he hecameknown as a raathematician. App.capt. engrs. May 3, 1802, and acting prof. nat. and experimental philos. to June. 1805 ; U S. sur- vev.])., K.C. arch- bishop of Baltimore, b. Ingre, near Orleans, France, 1769; d. Baltimore, Jan. 29, 1828. Educated at the seminary of St. Sulpice, he came to Baltimore in 1792. Returning to France, he was from 1803 to 181 1 prof, in the seminaries of St. Flour, Aix, and Lyons. He retused the bishopric of N.Y., which was ten- dered him, but accepted the post of eo-adjutor to the archbishop of Baltimore, whom he suc- ceeded on his decease, Dec. 14, 1817. He vis- ited Kome in 1821-2 to procure aid for his church in Baltimore. Margil, Jescs de (Father Antonio), an early Franciscan missionary to Texas, b. Va- lencia, Aug. 18, 1657 ; d. Mexico, Aug. 6, 1726. Author of *'A7 Pereqfino Septentrional Atlante," &c., Valencia, 1742. He is styled " NotarioApostolico," " Commissario del San- to Oficio," "Fundador y Ex Guardian do tres Coligios," and " Prefecto de las Missiones de Propaqande Fide en todas las ludias Occiden- tales," &c. — Hist. Mag. Juno, 1861. Marguerittes, Julie de. or Mbs. Rea, authoress and critic, b. Lond. 1814 ; d. Phila. June 21, 1866. She was dan. of Dr. A. B. Granville, F.R.S. At an early age m. Baron de Marguerittes, with whom she travelled all over Europe. The revol. of 1848 compelled him to leave France, and seek an asylum in the U.S. She soon became a contrib. to the N.Y. Saturdai) Courier, writing " The Ins and Outs of Paris," afterward pub. in book-form. Marguerittes having returned to France, and discarded her, she went upon tlie stage, Alarch 9, 1852, at the Broadway, NY., in the opera of " La Gazza Ladra," but retired Irom it soon after. After the death of her husband, in 1856, she removed to Phila., and became contrib. and dramatic critic to the Sitndai/ Transcript, which contained her " Parisian Pickings," and other papers. Her second husband, George G. Foster, who d. in 1860, was a well-known writer. She afterward m. Samuel J. Rea of tlie Phila. press. She was a very voluminous writer, and by her pen supported and educated her children. Her dau. Noemie is dramatic critic of the Phila. Transcript. Marion, Fk.4NCIS, brig. -gen., a celebrated partisan ofBtcr in the Revol. war. h. near George- town, S.C, 1732; d. Feb. 29, 1795. At the age of 16 he entered on board a vessel bound to «he W. Indies; but she foundered on her passage out, and the crew took to tlie buat. Dc^tiruto of water or provisions, several iliud of liiingt-r before they were rescued. He then ciii;:i;;ed in agriculture until 1759, when he was a lieut. in Gov. Lyttleton's cxped. against the Chero- kees; and in Apr. 1761 was a capt. in that of Col. Grant. He led the forlorn hope in the battle of Etchoee, and was one of the few who escaped. When the Revol. war began, he was elected to the Prov. Congress ; made a capt. in the first corps raised in S.C. ; served as major in the defence of Fort Moultrie ; was lieu t.-col. (com. of his regt.) at Savannah and at the siege of Charleston, where, fracturing his leg by accident, he escaped the captivity to which the garrison was eventually forced to submit. App. a brig.-gen. in 1780, he commenced his partisan career as soon as he recovered from the fracture of his leg, with only 16 men. Fer- tile in stratagem, he struck, unperceived, and, retiring to those hidden retreats in the morasses of Pedee and Black River, he placed his corps out of the reach of his foe. The country from Camden to the sea-coast, between the Pedee and Santee, was the theatre of his exertions. Soon after the defeat of Gates (Aug. 20, 1780), he captured a British guard of 90, and rescued 150 Continental prisoners. He surprised Mnj. Gainey, an English partisan officer of reputa- tion, and took his whole party. He next attacked Capt. Barfield's party of Tories, kill- ing or capturing 30 out of 49. He routed with great loss a large body of Tories at Shep- herd's Ferry, another under Col. Tynes at the forks of Black River, and succeeded in escap- ing from Tarleton after a long and hot pur- suit. Watson, Gainey, Tynes, McIUraith, Tarleton, and Doyle were at different times sent to crush him, but were either foiled by his strategy, or disgracefully defeated. In 1781 he was joined by Lee's Legion, captured a num- ber of the enemy's forts, and participated in the battle of Eutaw. After the war he m. Mary Videau, a lady of wealth ; resided in his native paiish of St. John's, and was returned to the State senate. In 1790 he was a member of the State Const. Conv. He was small in stature, thin, neither pleasing in visage, nor captivating in his manners, and was reserved and silent. — See Lives of iVnrion bi/ P. Horry and M. L. Weems, and by IF. G. Simms. Markoe, Petek, poet, tival of Easter ; but, conscious that his end was ap- proaching, he soon attempted to return to Mackinaw, but died near the mouth of a river on the east shore of Lake Michigan, which still bears his name. " He was of a cheerful, joyous disposition, playful even in his manner, and universally beloved." His narrative was pub. at Paris in 1681, in Thevenot's " Eecueil ae Voyages." This account, as well as a jour- nal of the missionary's last exped., is in Shea's "Discovery and Exploration of the Mpi. Val- ley," N.Y. 1852. Marryat, Capt. Frederick, R. N., an English novelist, b. London, July 10, 1792; d. Aug. 2, 1848. His mother was the dau. of Frederick Geycr of Boston. Entering the navy at an early age, he disting. himself in several engagements, particularly in 1814 by cutting out 4 vessels in Boston Bay, and in an action with gunboats on Lake Pontchartrain. He also benelited the naval profession by the invention of his well-known code of signals. He commenced his literary career in 1829, pro- ducing a great number of' sea-tales, among the best of which are " Peter Simple," " Midship- man Easy," " Percival Keene," &c. In 1837 he visited the U.S., and on his return pub. his " Diary in America," which reflected some- what severely on our national characteristics. This was followed by 3 additional vols., and by his " Travels of M. Violet," supposed to be founded on the adventures of Chateaubriand in the woods of the New World Marsh, Charf-es, LL. D. (D. C. 1828), lawyer, b. Lebanon, Ct., July 10, 1765; d. Woodstock, Vt., Jan. U, 1849. Dartm. Coll. 1786. His father, Hon. Joseph Marsh, removed to Vt. before the Revol., where he became a leading VVhig, and was several years lieut.-gov. of the State. Charles studied law, and com- menced practice at Woodstock, Vt., in 1788. For 50 years he was a successful lawyer. Dur- ing the presidency of Washington he was dist. atty. of Vt. The A.B.C.F.M., the Bible, and Colonization Societies, long felt his efficiency and liberality as a member ; and he took an active part in the Dartm. Coll. Controversy. M.C. 1815-17, and a founder of the American Colonization Society. Marsh, Dexter, student of the fossils of the Ct. Valley, b. 1806; d. Greenfield. Ms., Apr. 2, 1853. An uneducated l.iborer, his at- tention was drawn in 1835 to the subject of fossils, by observing the footprints in slabs used for flagging-stones. He explored the valley "d ; fit . from the northern line of Ms. to Wethersfield, and also the States of N.J. and N.H., and made very extensive collections, which were sold at auction alter his death. Marsh, George Pekkins, LL.D. (H.U. 1859), philologist and diplomatist, b. Wood- stock, Vt., Mar. 17, 1801. Danm. Coll. 1820. cl^ \ oJ^c Son of Charles. He settled as a lawyci Burlington, Vt., and acquired an exten practice. Member of the State legisl. executive council in 1835; M.C. in 1842 resident minister to Turkey in 1849-53; in 1 852 he was charged with a special mission to Greece; and since 1861 has been resident min- ister to Italy ; in 1 857 he was app. by the gov. of Vt. to make a report to the legisl. on the artificial propagation of fish ; Vt. laiiroad commiss. 1857-9. Author of " The Goths in New Eng.," a grammar of the old Northern or Icelandic language ; and of various essays, lite- rary and historical, relating to the Goths, and their connection with America; of an interest- ing work on the Camel; and numerous pub. addresses and speeches ; " Lectures on the English Language," N.Y. 1860 ; " The Origin and History of the English Language," 1862 ; "Man and Nature," 1864. He m. in 1838 Caroline Cbane, b. Berkeley, Ms., Dec. I, 1816. She has pub. "The Hallig, or the Sheepfold in the Waters," translated from the German ; and " Wolfe of the Knoll and other Poems," N.Y. 1860. Marsh, James, a British gen. ; d. 1804. Capt. in the 46th Regt. Feb. 2, 1757; was wounded in the attack on Fort Ticonderoga, July 8. 1758; became major, July 23, 1772; and licut.-col. (43d) Aug. 28, 1776, the day after the battle of Long Island. After serving through the American war, he was app. col. (77th Foot) Oct. 12, 1787 ; maj.-gen. Oct. 12, 1793 ; and lieut.-gen. Jan. 1, 1798. Marsh, James, D.D. (Amh. Coll. 1833), scholar and divine, b. Hartford, Vt., July 19, 1794; d. Colchester, Vt., JulyS, 1842. Dartm. Coll. 1817; And. Sem. 1822. His boyhood was passed on a farm. Tutor at D. Coll. 1818-20. Ord. as a Cong, minioter 12 Oct. 1824; was in 1824-6 prof, of languages in Hamp. Sid. Coll. Va. ; in 1826-33 was pres. of the U. ofVt. ; and was in 1833-42 prof, of moral and intell. philos. there. In 1829 Dr. Marsh published an edition of Coleridge's " Aids lo Reflection," with a preliminary essay, and copious notes. Besides this. Dr. Marsh published some translations from the German, among them Herder's " Spirit of Hebrew Poetry," and articles in the leading reviews. In 1829 he pub. a series of papers in the Vt. Chronicle, signed " Philopolis," on Popular Education ; and in 1830 " Selections from Old English Writers on Practical Theology." Am- herst College and Columbia College each con- ferred on him the degree of doctor of divinity. He was a thorough scholar, a profound thinke'r, and an eloquent advocate of the highest truths of religious philosophy. Prof. Torrey, of the U. of Vt., pub. a vol. of his " Remains," with a Memoir, Boston, 1843. Marsh, John, D.D. (JefF. Coll. 1852), Cong, clergvman and temperance reformer, b." Wethersfield, Ct., Apr. 2, 1788; d. Brook- 600 lyn, N.Y., Aug. 4, 1868. Y.C. 1804. He studied theology with his father, who was 47 years pastor of the Cong, church of Wethers- field, and d. Sept. 13, 1821. Began to preach in 1809; and from Dec. 16, 1818, to Apr. 1, 1833, was pastor of the First Church,' lladdam, Ct. Becoming deeply interested in the teinper- auce reform, he delivered lectures, and organ- ized societies through tha State. In 1831 he labored 3 months in Baltiraoro and Wash- ington. He was agent for the Temperance Union in Phila. in 1833-6; and from that time till his death was sec. of the Union in New York, and editor of its journal. Retiring in 1866, he pub. "Temperance Recollections." He pub. many addresses on temperance, and a "Compendium of Ee. :.=; i-ti nl IIi;rnrv" in 1838, revised in 1SIJ.'>: ■ i' ' '' i:. r '!':;'- ute to the Cause of 'I' ; , '.^ . i i^ , :; ; " The Temperance Sp :il. r. ' Ijum., i,-.,ii. In 1846 he was delegate to the W'oritl's Temper- ance Convention at Loud. Marshall, Alexander K., pub. Reports Court of Appeals, Kv., 1817-21, 3 vols. Svo, 1819-26 ; d. Ma^ou Co. 1825, a. 55. Marshall, CnniSTOPHER, Revol. patriot of Phila. He retired from business with a competency before the Revol., in which, al- though a Quaker, he took an active part in the committees of council and of safety. His Diary, 1774-81, called "Marshall's Remem- brancer," edited by Wm. Duane, was pub. in 1839 and 1849. Marshall, Edward Chauncet, lawyer of New York, b. Little Falls, N.Y., 1824. A descendant of Capt. Samuel, killed in the " Swamp Fight," son of Thos. the pioneer at Boston, fi-om whom Marshall St. is named. Author of "Book of Oratory," 1852; "Firat Book of Oratory ; " " Genevcse," a vol. of poems ; " History U.S. Naval Acad.," 1862 ; " Ancestry of Gen. Grant" 1869; and a pamphlet, "Are the West-Point Graduates Loyal 1 " 1862. MarshaU, Homphrey, botanist and hor- ticulturist, b. West Bradford, Pa., 1722; d 1801. A cousin of John Bartram. He pnb. Arbustum Aviericanum, the American grove, a catalogue of forest trees and shrubs, Phila. 8to, 1785and 1788. AFrench translation appeared in 1788. — See Memorials of J. Bartram and 11. Marshall, by W. Darlington, Phila. 8vo, 1840. Marshall, Humphrey, pioneer to Ky. in 1780; d. Lexington, Ky., 1 July, 1841, at the residence of his son, A. K. Marshall. A relative of Chief Justice M. Member of the State con- vention in 1787 ; served many years in the State legist. ; and was U.S. senator in 1795- (LLlUi- (i- IS"'- Author of the first History of Ken- , , L tucky, pub. in 1 vol. 1812, enlarged to 2 vols. "> 7'-±'-.>ll]l>- in 1824. Marshall, Hcmphret, politician, b. Frank- fort, Ky., .Jan. 13, 1812. West Point, 1832; resigned 1 833. He studied law, which he prac- tised in Louisville with success ; joined Gen. Taylor as col. of cavalry, fighting at Buena Vista, and leading the charge of the Ky. vols. In 1847 he retired to a farm in Henry Co. ; M.C. 1849-52 and 1855-9; and was coraraiss. to China, which was immediately raised to a first-class mission, 1852-3. In 1861 he was a gen. ill the Confed. army ; com. in Ky. ; de- feated by Gen. Garfield at Prestonburg 7 Jan. 1862 ; and afterward com. under ICirby Smith. Marshall, Jou.s, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 18U2), jurist, b.Gennantown, Fauquier Co., Va.,Sept. 24, 1755 ; d. Phila. July 6, 1835. Son of Col. Thomas, 3d Va. Kegt., a man of superior tal- ents, but a planter ot small fortune, who signal- ized bimseif dining the Revol., especially iit BrMvlvwMi.'. v.-h'To his regt. bore the brunt of ; '■'•' : ' I lilt led by Cornwallis in person. .1 , , . , vet- at college, had some clas- M' .1 III- 1, engaged with ardor in the licwl. snut;g.e, wasalieut. in 1776; and capt. in ila^, 1777. He fought against Loid Dun- more m the battle of Great Bridge, and was afterwards in the battles of Brandywine, Ger- niintiiAn, ami Monmouth. In 1781 ho re- t ,;ij>i, luiviiig been adra. to the bar, de- \ : I I >i.it to the practice of the law, and ^ aii.uinil euiiuence. Member of the con- MMitiijTi assembled in Va. fur the ratification of the Constitution of the U.S., greatly dis- ting. himself by his powerful reasoning and eloquence, as he also subseiiuently did in the Jay's treaty. He was solicited by \Vusliiiif;tou to accept the ofiice of iitty -gen., and again, ou tlie recall of Mr. Monroe Vioin France, tendered the ap[j. as his successor ; but he declined botli ; yet he afterwards accepted from Pres. Adams the app. of envoy to France, with Gov. Pinckney and Mr. Gerry. The envoys, however, not be- ing accredited, Marshall returned to the U.S. iu the summer of 1798. M.C. 1799; in 1800 sec. of war; soon afterwards succeeded Picker- ing as sec. of state ; and, on the resignation of Chief Justice Ellsworth, was made, Jan. 31, 1801, chief justice of the U.S., which ofiice he filled with disting. reputation until his death. Pres. of the Colonization Soc. ; vice-pres. of the Bible Soc. Author of " The Life of Wash- ington," pub. 5 vols. 1805, second edition, greatly improved, and compressed into two vols., 1832; " Hist, of the Colonies planted by the English in N. A.," Svo, Phila. 1824. His writings upon the Federal Constitution were pub. 8vo, Boston, 1839. His decisions (Va. and N.C. circuit) were pub. bv Brockenbrougli, 2 vols. 8vo. 1837. Marshall, John James, jurist, b. Wood- foid Co., Kv., Aug. 4, 1785; d. Louisville, June, 1846 " N.J. Coll. 1806. He attained distinction in the profession of the law; was also an active politician; in 1814, and many years subsequently, was a member of the State iegisl. From 1836 to his death he presided over the Circuit Court. His ample estate was, during the financial revulsion in 1837, placed at the disposal of his friends ; and he died a poor man. He pub. "Reports Ky. Ct. of Appeals, 1831-4," 7 vols. Svo. Marshall, Thomas, col. Revol. armv, b. Boston, 1718; d. Weston, Ms., 18 Nov. 1800. Son of Capt. Christopher. Capt. A. and Hon. Art. Co. 1763 and '67 ; raaj. Boston regt. 1705 ; lieut.-col. 1767-71 ; com. the 10th Ms. Regt. in the Revol., and w.is' disting. at Saratoga. Marshall, Thomas Alexander, LL.D (Y.C. 1866), b. Woodford Co., Ky., 15 Jan. 1794 ; d. Louisville 17 Apr. 1871. Y.C. 1815. Son of Senator Humphrey by a dau. of Col. 601 Thos. Marsliall. Began to practise law in Frankfort in 1817; moved to Paris, Ky., in 1819. M.C. lS.31-5; judge of the Court of Appeals 18--!5-5G; prof, of law school of Trans. U. 1836-49 ; chief justice Court of App. 1S66. Marshall, Thomas F., iiolitkian, h. Kv ; d.near Versailles, Woodford Co., Kv.. Srpt.'JJ, lS64,ab.a.64. Asonof Chief Justice iMarshall. A lawyer by profession, a man of talent and genius, he sacrificed to intemperance the prom- ise of a bright career. He began practice at an early age; removed to Louisville in 1831 ; became disting. as a political speaker ; was sent to the legisl. in 1834; was a judge of the Louisville Circuit Court ; and was M.C. in 1841-3, adding to his high reputation by his speeches in that body. Marston, Oilman, M. C. 1859-63 and 1865-7, b. Orford, N.H. Dartm. Coll. 1837 ; Dane Law School, 1840. Began to practise law at Exeter, N.H., in 1841 ; member N.H. legisl. 1845-9, and of the Const. Conv. in 1850; col. 2d N.H. Regt. June, 1861, serving in both battles at Manassas, through the Peninsular campaign, and at Fredericksburg; made brig.- gen. 29 Nov. 1862; attached to the Army of the James in 1864; and engaged at Drury's Bluff, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg. Martin, Alexander, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1793), b. N.J. ab. 1740; d. Danliurv, N C, Nov. 1807. N.J. Coll. 1756. In 1721 his father emig. from Tyrone Co., Ireland, and settled in N. J. Alex, settled in Guilford Co., N.C., in 1772; was a member of the Colonial Assembly; col. of a Cont. regt.; and in the battles of Brandywine and Gerraantown ; State senator 1779-82, '85, '87, and '88; speaker of the senate at the close of the war, and, as such, acting gov. in 1781-2; gov. of N.C. 1782-5 and 1789-92; member of the convention to adopt the Federal Constitution 1788 ; U.S. senator 1793-9. He was vain of his literary attainments, and pub. in the N. C. Uidoersitij Mag. poetical tributes to Gen. Francis Nash and Gov. Caswell. — Wheeler. Martin, David, author of " Erin is my Home," and other popular pieces; d. Baton llougc. La., 1856. Martin, FRANgois Xavier.LL.D. (H.U. 1841), jurist, b. Marseilles, France, March 17, 17G2; d. N. Orleans, Dec. 10, 1846. In 1782 he came to the U S. ; established himself in Newbern, N.C. He at first supported himself by teaching French; learned printing, and established a newspaper, the copies of which he peddled through the adjoining counties ; and afterwards pub. school-books, almanacs, trans- lations of French works, &c. He then studied law, and was ab. 1789 adm. to the bar, and be- came disting. in the profession. Pursuing at the same time his vocation of printer, he pub. brief treatises on the duties of sheriffs, of justices of the peace, and of executors and adminis- trators. App. during Jefferson's administration jndge of the Mpi. Terr.; and Feb. 1813 was app. atty.-gen. of the State. Feb. 1, 1815, he ■was elevated by Gov. Claiborne to the Supreme Bench of La., and was chief justice from Jan. 5, 1837, to 1845. Judge Martin was a good general scholar, as well as a sound lawyer. His Histories of La. (2 vols. 8vo. 1818) and N.C. (N.O. 1829, 2 vols. 8vo) are monuments to his industry, and his talents as an historian. He pub. " Notes of Decisions in the Superior Cts. of NC. 1787-96," 8vo, 1797; "Acts of the N.C. Assembly, 171 5-1803," 2 vols. 4to; "Re- ports of the .Supurior Court of Orleans from I8U9 10 1812 ; " and " Reports of the Supreme Court of La. tiom 1813 to 1830," besides a ].)igcst of the Territorial and State Laws in French and English. Martin, George, chief justiceof Michigan, b. Middlebury, Vt., 1815; d. Detroit, 15 Dec. 1867. He settled in Grand Rapids, Mich., 1836; became a county judge; inl851ajudge of the Sup. Court, and chief justice from 1857 to his death. Martin, John, gov. of Ga. 1782-3. App. in 1761 naval officer at Snnbury, Ga. ; member of the 1st Prov. Congress, July, 1775, and of the council of safety ; entered the Ga. Cont. line as eapt ; and was in 1781 lieut.-col., and member of the leuisl. from Chatham Co. ; State treasurer in 1783; commiss. to make a treaty with the Creek Indians in Jan. 178.3. Martin, Joseph P., a Revol. soldier, b. Berkshire Co., Ms., 1760; d. Prospect, Mc, May 2, 1850. Son of a Cong, clergyman. He entered the Revol. army in the spring of 1776, serving throughout the war, and participating in several of its most bloody battles. At its close he removed to Prospect, then compara- tively a wilderness, whore he was town clerk for over a quarter of a century. He pub. in 1830 a narrative of his adventures. Martin, Joshua L, M.C, Ala., 1835-9; gov of Ala. 1845-7;d. Tuscaloosa, Nov. 2,1856. Martin, Josiah, gov. of N.C. 1771-5, b. Apr. 23, 1737; d. Lond. July, 1786. His father Samuel of Va. lost a large estate by confiscation. His brother Samuel, M.P. lor Camelford, fought a duel with John Wilkes. Josiah became ensign 4th Foot, Dec. 1756, and was in 1769 a lieut.-col. He succeeded in pacifying the regulators of N.C, and took energetic measures to preserve the royal author- ity in 1775 ; but Apr. 24 w.isobliged to fly, and took refuge on board " The Cruiser," firom which ship he issued a proclamation, Aug. 8. He was on board the fleet of Sir P. Parker at Charleston in June, 1776 ; was with Cornwal- lis at the defeat of Gates at Camden in 1780, but left N.C on account of ill health in Mar. 1781, and withdrew to Long Island, and thence to England. Martin, Lcther, LL.D.. lawyer, b. N. Brunswick, N. J., 1744 ; d. N.Y., July 10, 1826. N J. Coll. 1 766. He taught school in Qneens- town, Md. ; studied law; was adm. to the bar in 1771 ; commenced practice in Accomac and Northampton, Va. ; and was adm. an attorney in the courts of Somerset and Worcester, soon attaining a lucrative practice. In 1774 he became a member of the com. to oppose the claims of Great Britain, and a member of the Annapolis convention. He pub. an answer to the address of the Bros. Howe ; also an address " To the inhabitants of the Peninsula between the Del. River and the Chesapeake ; " member of the Old Congress in 1784-5. Feb. II, 1778, he was app. atty.-gen. of Md. A violent poli- tician, he wrote many pungent essays against 3VIAR 602 V^ the thon Oeiiioc. party ; was in 1804 one of the ileteiultTS of Juilye Chase impeached in the h. of represfntatives ; and was the personal and political fiiond of Burr, whose acquittal he was instruniental in ])rocuring when tried for treason in 1807. App. chief judj^e of oyer and terminer in 1814 for Baltimore, and aj;ain atty.-gen. of the State in 1818. He violently opposed the Federal Constitution, though a member of the convention which framed it, advocating the equality of the States, and con- tending that a small State should have as many Congressmen as a large State. Author of a " Defence of Capt. Cresap from the Charge of Murder made in Jefferson's Notes," and "Genuine Information, &c., of the Convention at Phila.," &c., 8vo, 1788. — Sre Nat. Port. Gilllrril. Martin, Robekt M., jurist, b. Worcester Co.,Md., 1798; d.Saratoga,N.Y., July 20, 1870. N. J. Coll. M.C. 1825-7 ; chief judge West- ern Circuit of Md. 1845-51 ; judge Superior Court of Baltimore 1856-67; and prof, m the Law School U. 1867-70. Martin, Simeon, Revol. patriot.; d. See- konk, R.I., Sept. 30, 1819, a. 65. In 1775 he joined Col. Crane's art. rogt., and was a capt. iu the R.I. line at the battle of Trenton. Dur- ing the war he was adj.-gen., and subsequently maj.-gcn. of the State militia. He long repre- sented Newport in the Gen. Aasemhly, and, un- til he declined in 1816, was repeatedly chosen lieul.-gov. of R.I. Martin, Col. William, soldier, b. Va. 26 Nov. 1765 ; d. Smith Co., Tenn., 4 Nov. 1846. Near the close of the Revol. he took part in a campaign against the Indians. About 1786 he led a company of pioneers to Teuu. ; afterward settled in S.C., where he was a member of the legisl. He returned to Tenn. in 1798; was a member of the legisl.; and in 1812-13 com. a regt. of vols, under Jackson in the Creek cam- paign ; and was at Talladega and in other en- gagements. Martin, William D., lawyer and politi- cian, b. Martintown, S.C, Oct. 20, 1789; d. Charleston, Nov. 16, 1833. He studied law at Litchfield, Ct. ; practised atEdgeworth, Coosaw- hatchie, and several other courts; and in 1816 was a member of the legisl. In 1818 he was made chairman of the judiciary com. and clerk of the State senate ; and was M.C. from 1827 to 1833. One of the ablest jurists and advocates of S.C, he became in 1830 a judge of the Cir- cuit Court. He was of the ultra State-rights school, and was prominent in maintaining the principle of nullification. Martindale, John IIenbt, lawyer and soldier, b. Saudy Hill, Washington Co., N.Y., Mar. 20, 1815. West Point, 1835. In 1836 he became a civil eugr.; afterward studied law with his father; and practised smcessively at Bata- via and Rochester. Made brig.-gen. vols. Aug. 9, 1861, he accomp. Gen. McClellan to York- town ; and was in all the battles before Rich- mond, in the 5th army corps, under Gen F. J. Porter. Engaged in operations south of Rich- mond, in the Army of the James, in May, 1 864 ; participated with the Army of the Potomac in the battles of Cold Harbor^ June 1-3, 1864,and siege of Petersburg; and com. 18th army corps i/ July-Sept. 1864. Brev. maj.-gen. U.S. vols. 13 Mar. 1865, for battle of Malvern Hill ; re- signed 13 Sept. 1864; atty.-gen. N.Y. 1866.— Cullum. Martineau, Harriet, an English author- ess, b. Norwich, June 12, 1802. Slie had estab- lished a liigh reputation as a thinker and a nov- elist, when, in Aug. 1834, she sailed lor Amer- ica, and travelled extensively in the U.S., where she received much attention, and, on her return in the summer of 1836, pub. " Society in Amer- ica." She also pub. in 1838 her "Retrospect of Western Travel;" "History of England during the 30-Years' Peace," 2 vols. 1850; and "Biog. Sketches," 1869. Besides her numer- ous publications, she is a frequent contrib. to some of the leading magazines and periodicals, and to the London Daily News. Masearene, Jean Paul, acting gov. of Nova Scotia in 1 740-9, b. Castras, Languedoc, France, 1684; d. Boston, Jan. 22, 1760. Of a Huguenot family. Paul, at the age of 11, ex- patriated himself to Geneva, where he was edu- cated by Mr. Rapin. He went to Eng., where he was naturalized iu 1 706 ; entered the army as a lieut. the same jrear ; came with the Eng- lish troops to America in 1711, and was em- ployed in Nova Scotia, where he was by decrees advanced to the rank of col., and was also lieut.- gov. and com.-in-chief. Made a maj.-gen. in 1758. App. a councillor in 1720, and many years the senior on the board. Ah. 1720 he transmitted to the plantation office a complete description of the province, with suggestions for its settlement and defence. In 1 744 he defended Annapolis, and beat otf the French under Du Vivier. With the govs, of Ms. and N.H. he negotiated with the Indians the treaty of 1725. Mason, Abmistead Tho.msox, U.S. sena- tor 1815-17, b. Loudon Co., Va., 1787; killed in a duel with Col. McCany, Feb. 5, 1819. Wm. and M. Coll. 1807. Son of Sen- ator Stevens Thomson Mason. Was a farmer by occupation ; a col. in of 1812, and ably defended Norfolk; and was subsequently a brig.-gen. of Va. militia. His only child, Stevens Thomson, a capt. of the raoimted rifles, fell mortally wounded at Cerro Gordo. In con- sequence of a political dispute with his relative John McCarty, they fought a duel at Bladens- burg with muskets. His corresp. with his an- tagonist, which was pub., manifested the most malignant ferocity. Mason, Charles; d. Phila. 1787. Assist. of Dr. Bradley at the Roy. Observatory, Green- wich. He pub. Mayer's " Lunar Tables Ira- proved," Lond. 4to, 1789; and contrib. astro- nomical papers to "Phila.Trans.," 1761, '68, '70. With Jeremiah Dixon he ran the bound- ary-line between Md. and Pa., known as "Mason and Dixon's Line," in 1763-8. Mason, Charles, lawyer, b. N.Y. aljout 1808. West Point (1st in class), 1829. Enter- ing the engrs., he resigned 3 Dec. 1831, and has since practised law at Newburg, N. Y. (1832-4), N. \. City (1834-6), Buriington, Iowa (1847-53, 1858-9), and at Washington, D. C. (since 1860). Acting editor N. Y. Evg. PuM 1835-6; dist.-atty. Des Moines Co., Wis., 1837-8; chiefjustieeSup. Court of Iowa 1838- 47 ; commiss. to draught a code of laws for State -'.^r 'r '■ IVIA-S of Iowa 184S-51 ; judge of Dcs Moines Co. Court 1851-2; U.S. commissioner of patents 185.3-7. — C"u//«m. Mason, Euenezer Porter, astronomer, b. Washington, Ct., Dec. 7, 1819; d. near Riclimond, Va., Deo. 24, 1840. Y.C. 1839. Though only 21 at the time of his death, young Mason had attained distinguished rank as a mathematician and astronomer. In the summer of 1840 he assisted in exploring and fixing the disputed boundary between Me. and Canada. In the short interval between his graduation and death, he found time, in nar- row circumstances Willi ru|iidlv-lailing health, to pursue and pub. Ins ■■ i (1,^, i lations on Neb- ula;," a paper whirh ;^aiiK(l On: luliniration of Sir J. Herschel. lli> Lite ami Writings were pub. in 1842 by Prof. Olmstead. Mason, Erskine, D D. (Col. Coll. 1837), minister of Bleeckerst. Church, New York. 18.30-51, b. N.Y. City, 16 Apr. 1805; d. May 14,1851. Dick. Coll. 1823. Son of Dr. John M. Mason. Ord. Presb. church, 20 Oct. 1826 ; installed over the church at Schenectadv 3 May, 1827 ; prof, of Eccles. Hist. Union the- ol. Sem. 1836-42. His Memoir, by Rev. Wm. Adams, is prefixed to his sermons on practical subjects, entitled " A Pastor's Lega- cy," 8vo, 1853. — Spraqae, Mason, Francis, D.D. (B.U. 1853), cler- gyman and missionary, b. York, Eng., Apr. 2, 1799. He was a sho'emaker's apprentice ; at 19 emig. to Phila. ; settled at Canton, Ms., in 1825 ; studied at the Theol. Sem., Newton, Ms., in 1827 ; and in May, 1830, having been ord., sailed with his wife for Calcutta as a mission- ary of the Baptists to the Karens. Acquiring the language, he wrote its first book, "The Sayings of the Elders." He prepared Pali and Burmese grammars, and acquired many of the Oriental languages. In 1853 he pub. a Karen translation of the Bible. He was also medical adviser to this tribe, and, having stud- ied medicine, pub. a small work on materia medica and pathology in one of the Karen dia- lects. Many years editor of the Morning Star, a Karen monthly, in both the Sgan and Pwo dialects. Member of many literary and scien- tific bodies. His English writings are " Re- port of the Tavoy Mission Society ; " " Life of Kothabvn," the Karen apostle ; " Memoir of Mrs. Helen M. Mason," 1847; "Memoir of "San Quala," 1850; and " Burmah, its People and Natural Productions," 1852, en- larged edition, 1861. — Ajipleton. Mason, George, statesman, b. Doeg's Neck, Fairfax Co., Va., 1726; d. Oct. 7, 1792. His ancestor Col. George, an M. P. in the reign of Charles I., subsequently an officer in the army of Charles II., after the defeat at Worcester in 1651, escaped to America, and landed at Norfolk, Va. George, after his mar- ria-;e with Ann Eilbeck, built Gunston Hall on the hanks of the Potomac, where he resided till his death. In 176? he drew up the non-im- portation resolutions, which were presented by Washington in the Va. Assembly, and unani- mously adopted. Against the assertion by the British parliament of the right of taxation. Mason wrote a tract, entitled " Extracts from the Va. Charters, with some Remarks upon them." At a meeting of the people of Fair- fax, July 18, 1774, Mason presented a scries of 24 reso'lutions, which reviewed the whole ground of controversy, recommended a con- gress of the Colonies, and urged the policy of non-intercourse with the mother-country. They were sanctioned by the Va. conv. of Aug., and substantially adopted by the first Gen. Congress on the 20th of Oct. He was a member of the com. of safety; and in May, 1776, in the Va. convention, drafted the decl. of rights and the constitution of Va., which were adopted by a unanimous vote. His ability as a debater, as well as his liberal spirit, was eminently displayed in the first legisl. of Va., upon his measure for the repeal of all the old disabling acts, and for legalizing all modes of worship. In 1777 he was elected to the Cont. Congress ; in 1 787 he was a member of the convention to frame the U.S. Constitution ; took a leading part in its debates, and favored the election of the pres. directly by the people, and for a term of 7 years, with ineligibility altcrvvard. He spoke with great energy against the clause of the Constitution which prohibited the abolition of the slave-trade till 1808, declaring that slavery was a source of national weakness and demoralization, and it was therefore essential that the Gen. Govt, should have power to prevent its increase. Some of his propositions were defeated ; and he refused his signature to the instrument. In the Va. convention, with Henry, he opposed its ratification, unless with certain amendments, some of which were afterwards adopted by Congress and the State. Elected first U.S. sen- ator from Va., he declined, and devoted the rest of his life to study, and to hunting and fishing, of which he was extremely fond. Jef- ferson says of him, " He was a man of the first ■ idom, of expansive mind, profound jment, cogent in argument, learned in the lore of our former constitution, and earnest for the republican change on Democratic prin- ciples." Mason, George C, editor of the New- port Mercuri/, b. Newport, R.I., 1820. Author of "Newport Illustrated," 1854; "George Ready," a story for boys, 1857 ; " The Ap|)li- cation of Art to Manufactures," 12mo, 1858. — Al/ibone. Mason, James L.,brev. lieut.-col. U.S.A., b. Providence, R.I., 1817; d. San Francisco, Cal., Sept. 5, 1853. West Point, 1836. Son of Maj. Milo Mason. Lieut, of engr. July, 1836; capt. 24 Apr. 1847; brev. major for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco ; brev. lieut.-col. for El Molino del Rcy, Sept. 8, 1847, where he was severely wounded ; and was superintending the construction of fortifica- tions at San Francisco at the time of his death. He was long in charge of the construction of the fortifications of Fort Adams ; and was a skilful and scientific engineer. Author of " Analytical Investigation of the Resistance of Piles to Superincumbent Pressure," 1850, and of various milit. and sclent. re|iorts, 1836-53. Mason, James Mcrray, senator, b. Ana- losta Island, Fairfax Co., Va., 3 Nov. 1798; d. near Alexandria, Va., 29 Apr. 1871. U. of Pa. 1818. Grandson of George, and son of judgn lore c :^zA.a 604 Gen. John, who d. Clermont 19 Mar. 1849, a. 82. He studied law at Win. and Mary Coll.; bej^'an practice in 1820; was elected to the h. of delegates in 1 826, and twice re-elected ; M.C. in 1837-9; and U.S. senator from 1847, until expelled in July, 1861, for taking part in the Rebellion. He was a leading proslavery senator, and was chairm. of the com. on for- eign relations. He served in the Confed. con- gress; was app. with John SliJell a commiss. to Eng., and was captured in the British mail- packet " Trent," by Capt. Wilkes, 8 Nov. 1861, in the Bahama Channel, and confined in Fort Warren, Boston harbor, until released on demand of the British Govt. 2 Jan. 1802. Ko- turning to Eng., the commissioners afterward resided some time in Paris, where their recep- tion was very friendly. Mr. Mason was the author of the Fugitivj-Slave Law of 1850. Mason, Jeremiah, LL.D. (H.U. 1817), lawyer, b. Lebanon, Ct., Apr. 27, 1768; d. Boston, Oct. 14, 1848. Y.C. 1788. Descended from Capt. John Mason of Ct. His maternal ancestor was Rev. James Fitch. His father. Col. Jeremiah, Revol. off., com. a comp. of min- ute-men at the siege of Boston, and d. Lebanon 1813. The son studied law ; was adm. to the Vt. bar iu June, 1791 ; and began to practise in Westmoreland, a few miles below Walpole; but iu 1794 removed to Walpole, and in 1797 to Portsmouth. In 1 802 he was app. atty.-gen., and soon became the acknowledged head of his profession in the State. U.S. senator 1813-17 ; member of the N.H. legist, during several ses- sions, in which he took a leading share in the re- vision of the State code. He draughted the reso- lutions and report of the legisl.on the Va. resolu- tions touching the Mo. Compromise. In Apr. 1832 he removed to Boston, where, until the age of 70, ho was extensively retained in important causes. Hj was personally little known out of New England ; but his name and presence were familiar to every lawyer of his o^vn and the adjoining States; and nothing could ex- ceed the respect, and almost terror, that waa felt at the bar for the acuteness, rapidity, and vigor of his mind. Mr. Webster said of him, " I am hound to say, that of my own profes- sional discipline and attainments, whatever they may be, I owe much to that close atten- tion to the discharge of my duties, which I was compelled to pay for 9 successive years, from day to day, by Mr. Mason's ell'orts and arguments at the same bar. . . . The char- acteristics of his mind, as I think, were real greatness, strenifth, and sagaciti/. He was great through strong sense and sound judginent." 1622, jointly with Sir F. Gorges, he procured a patent for a tract of land on the seaeoast, between the Merrimack and Sagadahoc Rivers, called the Province of Maine; early in 1623 he sent a colony to settle on the w. banks of the Piscataqua River, the beginning of the first settlement of that region. Treas. and paym. of the king's armies during the war with Spain in 1624-9. Nov. 7, 16i9, he took from the council for N.E. a patent for a tract of land on the seacoast, between the Merrimack and the Piscataqua Rivers, called Xew Hampshire ; and Nov. 17, 1629, took wi.h Gorges a patent for a tract embracing Lake Champlain and the country thereabouts, called Laronia ; in 1630 he sent additional colonists to the Piscat- aqua; and, in the autumn of 1631, Mason, Gorges, and others ibrmed a partnership in Lond. for the purpose of trade and settlement there; in 1632 he became a member of the Great Council for N.E., and soon after vice-pres. ; was ab. this time app. capt. of the South Sea castle, a fortress at the entrance of Portsm. har- j Capt. Johs, founder of N.H., b. King's Lynn, Norfolk Co., Eng. ; d. Lond. Dec. 1635. Buried in Westminster Abbey, Lond. In 1610 he had charge of a naval exped. sent by King James to subdue a re- hellion in the Hebrides; in 1616 he went to Newfoundland as gov., surveyed the island, and made an accurate map of it, which was pub. Lond. 1626. He also wrote a description of Newfoundland, pub. Edinb. 1620. In 1617 he explored the coast of N.E. ; Mar. 9, 1 622, he ob- tained from the Great Council a grant of a tract of land on the seacoast between Naumkeag and MeiTimack Rivers, called Mariana; Aug. 10, bor, Eng. ; was judge of the courts in Hamp- shire in 1635; was a commiss. to visit annually all the forts and castles in Eng. ; in Oct. he was app. vice-adm. of N.E., and, while prepar- ing to come hither to assume the duties of his olhee, fell sick and d. Mason's heirs sold their rights to the province of N.H. to Samuel Allen in 1691. Col. John* Tuftojj Maso.n, a lineal descendant, sold all his rights (29 Jan. 1746) for ^1,500 to 12 gentlemen of Portsm. known as the Masonian proprietor's. — C. W. Tattle's Life of Capt. John Mason now in preparation. Mason, Capt. John, soldier, b. Eng. ab. 1600; d. Norwich, Ct., 1672. He served in the Netherlands under Fairfax, who esteemed him so highly as to invite him by letter to join his standard in the civil war. Mason was one of the first settlers of Dorchester in 1630, but removed to Windsor ab. 1635. In May, 1637, he led a force of 90 wliites, and several hun- dred Indians, under Uncas and Miantonomoh, against the Pequot fort at Mysiic. Attacking them in the early morning of the 26th, they were surprised: an entrance was cflTected; a hand-to-hand conflict ensued; the torch was ap- plied ; 600 Indians perished ; and the strength of this formidable tribe was broken. Mason was soon after app. maj.-gen. of the Ct. forces, continuing till has death; was a magistrate from 1642 till May, 1668, and dep. gov. from May, 1660, till May, 1670. After the Pequot war he removed to Saybrook, at the request of its settlers, and for the defence of the Colony, whence, iu 1 659, he removed to Norwich. Mason was tall and portly, equally disting. for cour- age and vigor. At the request of the Gen. Court, he drew up and published a hi.^tory of the Pequot war, reprinted in Increase Mather's Relation of Troubles by the Indians, 1677; it was also repub., with notes by Prince, in 1736, 12mo. — See Life hg Geo. E. Ellis, in Sparks's Ainer. Bioq., new ser. iii. Mason, John, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1786), Pre.-b. minister, b. Scotland, 1734; d. N.Y. Apr. 19, 1792. At the age of 24 he taught logic and moral pliilos. in the theol. sem. of the Autiburghers at Abemethy, by whom he was ordained; and took the pastoral charge of 605 a cong. in Cedar St., New York, on his arrival in 1761. He was a man of groat learning, and accurate and mature scholarship. Mason, John Mitchell, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1804), divine, b. N.Y. Citv, Mar. 19, 1770; d. there Dec. 26, 1S29. Col Coll. 1789. Son of the preceding. He studied at the U. of Edinburgh, but was recalled, on his father's death in 1 792, to succeed him in the ministry. By his efforts a theol. scm. was established in N.Y. in 1804, of which he was app. prof, of theol.; in 1806 he projected the Ciristian's Miyazlne, in which he earned on a contro- versy wiih Bishop Hobart. Resigning his pas- toral charge in 1810, with the purpose of forming a new cong., he preached a wliile in a Presb. thurch-ediiice, and, having established more intimate relations between the two congs. than were b jlieved by some to bo authorized by the constitution of the Associate Ref. Church, the subject was brought before the synod at Phila. in 1811, and occasioned Dr. Mason's " Plea for Sacramental Communion on Catholic Principles." Provost of Col. Coll. in 1811-16; impaired health caused him to \-isii Europe, where he travelled extensively; returning in 1817, he was from 1821 to 1824 pres. of Dick. Coll. ; in 1822 he connected himself with the Presb. Church. He was celebrated for his eloquence. A collection of his works was edited by his son, Rev. E. Mason, 4 vols. 8vo, N.Y. 1832 and 1849. His orations of the most general interest were on the death of Washington and of Hamilton. Memoii-s, with some of his Correspondence, was pub. by his son-in-law, J. Van Vechten, D.D., 2 vols." 8vo, 1856. Mason, John Y., LL.D. (U. of N. C), statesman, b. Greensville, Apr. 18, 1799; d. Paris, Oct. 3, 1359. U. of N.C. 1816. He adopted the profession of law ; and was a dele- gate to the General Assembly 10 years; judge of the Dist. Court of Va. ; M. C. 1831 to 1837 ; in 1837 he was app. judge of the U.S. Court for Va. ; delegate to the Const. Convs. of 1828 and 1849 ; a member of Pros. Tyler's cabinet as sec. of the U.S. navy in 1844 ; of Pres. Polk's, first as atty.-gon, and, secondly, as sec. of the navy, 1846-9; and was app. by Pros. Pierce, Jan. 22, 1854, minister to France, in which position he remained until his death. Mason, Jonatd.yx, lawyer and statesman, b. Boston, Aug. 30, 1752; d. there Nov. 1, 1831. N.J. Coll. 1774. Son of Dea. Jonathan of the Old South Church. Studied law under John Adams, and became an atty. in 1777. He was one of the witnesses of the Boston Massacre, and delivered the oration Mar. 5, 1780. He became eminent as a counsellor ; and member of the State legisl.; in 1798 was of the gov- ernor's council ; was U.S. senator in lSOO-3 ; and M.C. in 1817-20 ; in the senate he took a prominent part in the discussions, and es- pecially in the celebrated debate on the repeal of the judiciary act of Fib. 13, 1801 ; he was a firm Federalist ; was disting. for great energy of character, and dignity of manners. Mason, Lowell, Mus. Doc. (U. of N.Y. 1855), musical teacher and composer, b. Mod- field, Ms., Jan. 8, 1792. He commenced teach- ing very young ; removed to Savannah, Ga., in 1812; and in 1821 pub. the "Boston Handel and Haydn Collection of Church Music ; " ho removed to Boston in 1827 ; devoted himself to the musical instruction of children, and the introduction of vocal music into the public ^chools ; associating himself with J. G. Webb, vocal music received a now and extraordinary impulse in Boston and throughout New Eng- land; the Boston Academy of Music was established ; and " Teachers' Institutes," for the training of teachers and leaders of choirs, were generally established. His was the fii:st musical degree ever conferred by an Amer. coll. He has been a frequent eontrib. to the Musical Review and other periodicals; has pub. many juvenile collections of music and glee books, and 20 sacred and church music books, with the assistance of Mr. Webb : those works contain some pieces of his own compo- sition. His sons, under the style of " Mason Brothers," carry on an extensive publishing- business in N.Y. City. Mason, Richard B., brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Va. ; d. Jefferson Barracks, Mo., July 25, 1850. Grandson of George Mason. Lieut. 8th Inf. Sept. 2, 1817; capt. Jnly, 1819; in Black Hawk's war, major 1st Dragoons Mar. 4, 1833; liout.-col. Juljr 4, 1836; col. June 30, 1 846 ; com. the forces in Ca!., and ex officio gov., 1847-8 ; brev. brig.-gen. for meritorious con- duct in Mexican war. May 30, 1848. Mason, Stevf.xs Thomson, son of Thom- son Mason, patriot and senator, b. Stafford, Va., 1760 ; d. Phila. May 10, 1803. Wm. and Mary Coll. At the age of 20 he had attained the rank of col. in the Revol. army, and served with distinction near the close of the war ; he attained the rank of gen ; was a member of the Va. h. of burgesses ; was a conspicuous mem- ber of the convention of Va. in 1788; and was a U.S. senator from 1794 until his death. He had great powers of oratory, wit, and sarcasm, and was very popular. Mason, Stevens Thompson, a pioneer statesman of Mich., b. Loudon Co., Va., 1811 ; d. N.Y. Jan. 4, 1843. Grandson of S. T. ; onlv son of Gen. Jolm T. Mason of Ky. Wa's app. when 1 9 years old sec. of the newly-or- ganized Terr, of Mich., performing also the responsible duties of gov. in 1834-5, when the Terr, became an independent State, and was adm. into the Union. He was gov. in 1836-40. Mason, Thomson, jurist, younger bro. of George, b. 1730; d. 1785. He sutdied law in the Temple at London ; settled in Loudon Co. ; was frequently a member of the h. of burgesses, and became an eminent jurist. In 1774 he pub. a series of masterly papere, in which he maintained the duty of open resist- ance to the mother-country : the first of these papers was signed " A British American ; " the others appeared under his own name. In 1778 ho was a member of the State Supremo Court ; and, with liis bro., w.^.s nominated l>y the senate to revise the laws of Va. ; member of the legisl. in 1779 and 1783. Massasoit, a sachem of the Wampano- ags; (i. in the latter part of 1661, a. ab. 80. His domain extended from Cape Cod to Narra- ganset Bay ; but his tribe, sui)posed to have numbered '30,000, had, just before the landing 606 :VLA.T of the Pilgrims, dwindled, from iliseasc, to 1)11 i-oly 300. March 16, 1621, he appeared before the infant settlement at Plymouth, with 60 of his warriors, armed and painted, for the purpose of forming a friendly le.igue with the whites. Gov. Carver, in behalf of the Colony, eonoliuled with the Indians a treaty of peace, kept sa- credly for 50 years. In March, 162.3, he was visited, while sick, by Edward Winslow, and, grateful for his attentions, revealed a plot for the destruction of the Plymouth settlers. He resided within the limits of Warren, R.I., near a spring which still bears his name. Roger AVilliams, while on his way to Providence, was for several weeks his guest at this place. Mas- sasoit was just, humane, and honest, never breaking his word, and constantly endeavoring to imbue his people with a love of peace. Morton, in his " Memorial," says he was "a portly man in his best years, grave of counte- nance, spare of speech." His second son Pom- etacom, called by the colonists King Philip, who ultimately became sachem, in the vain en- deavor of putting a stop to the encroachments of the whites, inaugurated the bloody contest known as Philip's War. Massie, Ges. Nathaniel, b. Goorhland Co., Va., Dec. 28, 1763; d. P;unt Creek F'alls, O., Nov. 13, 1813. Son of iMaj. Nathaniel, a farmer. Ho entered the Revol. army at the age of 17; afterwards studied surveying ; emigrat- ed to the West in the fall of'l783, locating himself in Ky., but removed to Manchester, Ohio, in 1790, pursuing the occupation of a surveyor. In 1796 he laid out Cliillicothe from his own land. He was actively engaged in the early Indian wars of the North-west; be- came col. and afterwards gen. of the militia of O. ; was a delegate to the convention for fram- ing a State constitution in 1802; then to the senate, of which he was chosen speaker ; and was often a member of the legisl. ; a candidate for gov. of the State in 1807, and declared duly elected, but he immediately resigned. Massey, Rt. Hon. Eire, Lord Clarina, a Rrit. gen., b. Ireland, May 24, 1719; d. May 17, 1804, at Bath. He entered young into the service, and was wounded at the battle of Culloden in 1745; was at the head of the grenadiers who stormed and took the Moro Castle, Havana, where he was again wound- ed; also at the taking of Martinique. He was one of the last of Wolfe's companions at Quebec ; captured Fort Oswegachio in Aug. 1760; and was a brig.-gen. during the Revol. war, commanding at Halifax, N.S. ; made an Irishpeer Dec. 27, 1800. Masterman, Stillman, physicist, b. Weld, Me., 28 Jan. 1831 ; d. there 19 July, 1863. With but a scanty education he applied all his leisure to aiequisitions in natural science while working on a farm. His " Observations on Thimder and Lightning," in Smithsonian Reports for 1855, give the results of 304 obser- vations in 1850-4. He was an accurate and faithful observer, and contrib. nearly 20 papers to the Smithsonian Reports, the Anier. Journal of Science, and the Astronomical Journal. Mather, Cottox, D.D. (Glasg. i7io), F.R.S., the most noted of early N. Eng. divines; b. Boston, Feb. 12, 1663; d. there Feb. 13, 1728. Son of Increase Mother, and grandson of John Cotton. He was trained for Harvard by the learned Ezekiel Cheever, and was a precocious student, graduating in 1678 with extraordinary proficiency. Employed several years in teaching; ord. minister of the North Church in Boston, as colleague with his father. May 13, 1684. He carried the doctrine of special providence to excess. A firm be- liever in witchcraft, he entered vigorously upon the persecutions of his day in N. Eng., in which he was chiefly instrumental, honestly be- lieving he was doing God service by w'itch- hnntinj. Hi- " Memorable Providences relating to Witihiralt 'a|i|i. in 1689. 20e.\ecuiions took place at Sakin in MJ'J-2. His " Wonders of the Invi.-ible WuiM " (1692) gives an account of the witchcraft trials. Even after the publi- cation of Robert Calcf's replv, " More Wonders of the Invisible World" (Lond. 1700), Mather made no retraction of his former judgments or convictions. In other respects, the memory of Mather deserves to be held in esteem. When the new discovery of inoculation tor the small-pox, which he was the first to in- troduce, came up, Mather set him.self against the popular outcry, and on the side of re- form. The great Franklin, in his Autobiog- raphy, acknowledges his obligations to Dr. Mather's " Essays to Do Good." He was one of the first to employ the press extensively in the dissemination of tracts ; he early lifted his voice in favor of temperance ; he preached and wrote for sailors ; he instructed negroes ; and he was a devoted historiograjdier of his country; besides discharging the sacred duties of his prolession. The catalogue of his printed works, enumerated by his son Samuel at the close of his Memoirof his father, numbers 382, bearing date from 1686 to 1727. His great work is the " Maqnulin I'hrisfi Ann nniini" (Lond. fol. 1702)." Tbe 2.1 .\niir. nl, «ith introd. and notes by Rlv.TImj-^. liobliiiis, D.I)., and tr.inslations of the quotations bv L. F. Robinson, 2 vols. 8vo, 1855, contains a Me- moir of Mather by S. G. Drake. Among his other works are " The Christian Philoso])her," and " The Psalterium Americanum," 1718, an attempt to improve the careless version of the Psalms then current, by a translation exactly conformed to the original, and written in blank verse; "Life of Increase Mather," 8vo, 1724; "Mirabilia Dei," 1719 ; " Ratio Dtsciplince," and " Directions to a Candidate for the Ministry," 1726. — Did/cHnck; AUibone. Mather, Increase, D.D. (H. U. 1692), a learned divine and author, b. Dorchester, Ms., June 21, 1639 ; d. Aug. 23, 1723. H.U. 16.56 ; Dublin U. 1658. Son of Rev. Richard. Ho spent some years in Eng., a part of the time as a preacher, and, returning to Boston ab. Sept. 1, 1661, began to |Meaeh at the North Church, though not oid. there until May 27, 1664. He was pres. of H.U. from June 11, 1685, to Sept. 6, 1701. A member of the syn- od of 1679 and 1680, he drew up the result which was adopted. He was the first upon whom was conferred in this country the degree of D.D. ; he strenuously opposed the surrender of the charter of Ms. ; went to Eng. in Apr. 1688, as its agent for redress of grievances; 607 aiA-T and returned to Boston, May 14. 1692, with a new charter, which gave to Mather the nomi- nation of the gov., lieut.-gov., and the coun- cil. He was one of the few who opposed the violent measures toward those accused of witchcraft in 1692, and wrote a treatise on the subject. He was a man of great indiistiy, learning, and usefulness. His wife was Maria, dau. of Rev. John Cotton. Author of " The History of tlie War with tlie Indians," 1676 ; " A Relation of Troubles of N.E. from the Indians," 1677 (both i-epub. with notes and introd. by S. G. Drake) ; " Cometographia, or a Discourse concerning Comets," 1683 ; "Re- markable Providences," 1684; "Several Pa- pers relating to the State of N.E.," 1690 ; "The Revolution Justified." A listof 92 of his pubs, is in the N. E. H. and G. Reg. ii. pp. 2.3, 24. Mather, Moses, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1791), clergyman, a descendant of Richard, b. Lvme, Ct., Feb. 23, 1719; d. D.irien, Ct., Sept.' 21, 1806. Y. C. 1739. 14 June, 1744, he was in- stalled over the Cong, church at Darien, Ct., ■where he remained till his death. He warmly espoused the cause of the Colonies in the Revolutionary war; and was twice taken by the British and Tories, carried to New York, and confined in the Provost Prison. He pub. a Reply to Dr. Bellamy on the Half-way Cove- nant; "Infant Baptism Defended," 1759; and was the author of a posthumous work, " A Systematic View of Divinity," 12mo, 1813. Mather, Richard, minister of Dorches- ter, b. Lowton, Lancash., Eng., 1596; d. Dor- chester, Ms., Apr. 22, 1669. Son of Thomas. Adra. a student at Oxford in May. 1818, but soon after became the minister of Toxteth, until silenced for non-conformity in 1634. In May, 1635, he left Eng. ; arrived at Boston Aug. 17 ; and was settled, Aug. 23, 1636, over the church in Dorchester, where he spent the remainder of his life. He was prominent in every svnod in N. E. from his arrival until his death. ' In 1646 he assisted Eliot and Welde in making the N. E. version of the Psalms. His model of church-discipline presented to the synod of 1648 was generally adopted. He pub. in 1639 the Discourse about the Church Covenant, and the Answer to 32 Questions ; a treatise of Justification, 1652 ; and prepared for the press an elaborate defence of the churches of N. E. His son Nathaniel, minister in Lon- don, of eminent piety and learning, b. Lan- cashire, Eng., 20 Mar. 1630, d. London, 26 July, 1697. H.U. 1647. — See Life and Death turcd Amelia Island. Mathews, George, jurist, b. near Staun- ton, Va., Sept. 21, 1774; d. near Bayou Sara, La., Not. 14, 1836. Son of the preceding. Studied law at Liberty Hall Acad., Va.,.and was in 1799 adm. to the barof Ga. App. in 1 805 by Jefferson a judge of the Superior Court of Mpi. Terr., and in 1806 of the Superior Co. rt in the Terr, of Orleans; ho was, on the organiz.ition of the Statu judiciary of La., app. pres. justice of the Supreme Court, which post he held till his death. Matthews, Johx, gov. of S.C. 1782-3, and one of the most active and influential pro- moters of the Eevol. in that State ; d. Charles- ton, Nov. 1802, a. 58. He was the first .speaker of the house of representatives after the disso- lution of the royal govt, in 1776, and was app. that year an associate justice of the Supreme Court. In 1778-82 he was a delegate to Con- gress ; and was one of the com. to visit the ar- mv ; and also a member of the com. to confer with the Pa. line, which had mutinied. In 1784, on the establishment of the Court of Equity, he was app. one of the judges. Matlaek, Col. Timothy, Revol. patriot, b. Haddonficld, N. J., 1730; d. near llolmcs- burg, Pa., Apr. 15, 1829. One of the Society of Free Quakers, or, as they were usually called. Fighting Quakers. He was among the most active spirits of the time ; was one of the gen. com. of safety ; and, as col. of a Pa. bat- talion, did good service; member Old Con- gress 1780-1. Ho was many years "master of the rolls ; " resided at Lancaster a long time ; and was afterward juothonotary of one of the Phila. courts. He lived to be 99, and retained his faculties in a remarkable degree. — SiMyJson. Mattaeks, John, gov. of Vt. 1843-4, b. Hartford, Ct., 4 Mar. 1777; d. Peacham, Vt., 14 Aug. 1847. His father, who was state treas. of Vt. 1786-1801, settled in Tinmonth about 1778. John began to practise law at Danville in 1797, but in 1798 removed to Peacham, and practised there successfully many years. Sev- eral years in thelcgisl. ; brig.-gcn. of militia in the war of 1812-15; M.C. 1821-5 and 1841-3; judge of the Sup. Court in 1833-4 ; and mem- ber Const. CoDV. of 1835. Matteson, Tompkins, artist, b. Peterbor- ough, N.Y., May 9, 1813. llele^.rned the rudi- ments of his art from an IihIkmi l:iinnus f.n- liis carvings and drawings. Aliei many i!i-e.>iir- agements, he in 1839-42 ijairited |iuiiiait.s in Western N.Y. with success. He acquired celebrity by bis " Spirit of '76." Settled in New York in 1842, and in 1850 purchased a home at Sherburne, X.Y. Among liis pietures are "The Burnin- oi Sel,. n- :.-i , ' ■ I n>t Sabbath of the l'il,-i im-. ' > _ :■ ' -in- pact on Board tli- Mi : l-.^t ijreaching to the InMians.' " I i:-i I'iumv in Congress," "A Ju>licc's Court," "Rip Van Winkle's Return from the Mountains," &c. lie became pres. of tlie Chenango Agric. Soc. in 1855, and member of the State legislature. — Tnrlc-man. Matthias, a religious impostor, whose real name was Robekt Matthews, b. Washington Co., N.Y., about 1790 ; d. in Ark. He kejit a country store, but failed in 1816, and went to N Y. City. In 1827 he removed to Albany, where he became much excited by the preach- ing of Messrs. Kirk and Finney. He becjtme active in the temperance cause ; claimed to have received a revelation, and began street-preach- ing. Failing to convert Albany, he prophesied its destntction, and fled secretly to the city of N.Y., where ho was tried and acquitted on a charge of poisoning a wealthy disciple, in whose family he lived ; and, his impositions having been exposed, he soon disappeared from public view. — Matthias and his Impostures, by W. L. Stone, N.Y. 1835. Mattison, H. B., artist and play\vright ; d. Bergen, N. J., 28 Feb. 1871. Mattison, Hikam, D.D., Meth. clergyman and author, b. Oswego, N.Y., 1811 ; d. Jersey City, Nov. 24, 1868. Many years a prof, of math, and physics in the Black-river Inst. He prepared an eleraentaiy text-book on astron- omy, and revised Burritt's " Geography of the Heavens." In 1850 he became a minister in N.Y. City, and a contrih. to the National Mag., in which" ho zealously attacked Spiritualism. His strong antislavery sentiments led him to separate himself from the church in 1860; and he h:^.d a large church holdin;j his own views in Sixth Avenne, called the Trinity Meth. Ch. In 1865-7 he preached in Jersey City; in 1867 he became sec. of the Amcr. and Foreign Christ. Union. While holding this position, he made a most forcible onslaught upon Roman Cathol- icism, and pub. a small vol. upon the case of 609 Marianne Smith, a Methodist, whose father, a Eoman Catholic, had caused her arrest and.do- tention in a Magdalen asylum in N.T. Asso- ciate editor of the Xorthem Inc/ependent, Au- burn, N.Y. Author of " Essay on the Trini- ty," &e. ; " Modem Necromancy, or Pretended Intercourse with the Dead," 12mo, 1855. Mattoon, Eeenezer, Revol. officer, b. Amherst, Ms., Aug. 19, 1755 ; d. there Sept. 11,1843. Dartm. Coll. 1776. The son of a farmer. He joined the army in Canada ; was a lieut. in an art. comp. at the battle of Bemis Heights, Oct. 7, 1777 ; left the service with the rank of major. He was a delegate from Am- herst to 2 conventions; was several times a member of the legisl. From 1797 to 1816, maj.-gen. 4th division ; adj.-gen. of the State 1816; State senator 1795-6 ; 20 years sheriff of Hampshire; M.C. 1801-3 ; and in 1820, al- though blind, was a member of the State Const. Conv. He commanded the A. and H. Art. Company in 1817. Gen. M. was a scientific and practical farmer. Maturin, Edward, novelist and poet, son of the celebrated Irish novelist and dramatist, Charles Kobert Maturin ; has been some years a resident of New York. He has pub. " Mon- tezuma, the last of the Aztecs ; " " Benjamin, the Jew of Granada ; " " Eva, or the Isles of Lil'i' and Death," 1848; "Lyrics of Spain and Kriii." ISJO; " Bianca," a passionate story of Italian and Iri^h incidents, 1853 ; "Mclmoth, the VTanJerer;" "Sejanus, and other Koman Talcs."— Z>«(/c/./«ct. Maude, John, of Moor House, Yorkshire. Author of " Visit to the Falls of Niagara in 1800, and Tour through Canada," 1826; also "Wensleydale," a descriptive poem with notes. Mauduit, Iseael, a political writer, b. Exeter, Eng., 1708; d. June 16, 1787. His father, a dissenting minister, educated him for the same career ; but he became a prosperous merchant, and partner of liis bro. Jasper in Loud. In 1760 he pub. a pamphlet, entitled " Considerations on the Present German War." While his bro. Jasper was agent for the Prov. of Ms. Bay (1763Hi), he managed the busi- ness of the agency. In 1765 he was app. to the customs at Southampton. He pub. in 1769 his "Short View of the History of the N.E. Colonies," and " Short View of the Hist, of Ms. Bay," 8vo, 1774 (2d ed.); " The Case of the Dissenting Ministers," 1774; and subse- quently wrote several able pamphlets in refer- ence to the American war, in which he treated with particular severity Viscount and Sir W. Howe. Mauduit Duplessis, Thomas Antoine, Chev. de, a disting. Erench soldier, b. Ilenne- bon, France, Sept. 12, 1753; d. St. Domingo, Mar. 4, 1791. Descended from a family noble, and disting. in arms. At the ago of 12 he ran away from college to visit the fields of Mara- thon, Thermopylffi, &c. On returning to his parents, he presented, in excuse (or his conduct, the plans, di-awn by his own hand, of the most famous places which he had visited. In 1 779 he was capt. in the art. regt. of Toul. Ho served in America, attaining, by his talents and courage, marks oi particular consideration. As vol. aide to Gen. linox, and as engineer and officer of art., he was of great service both in construct- ing and defending Fort Mercer at Red Bank. He displayed great bravery at the battles of Brandywine and Germantown ; made licut.- col. Nov. 20, 1777; at Monmouth he seiTed the art. of Greene's division with skill and success, and was disting. at Yorktown. After his return to Franco, he became, in 1777, col. of the regt. of Port-au-Prince, which was sta- tioned at St. Domingo ; where the brave Mau- duit, inflexible in his opposition to the rcvol. spiiit which began to manifest itself in their midst, finally fell a sacrifice to their fury. Maurepas(mor'-pa'), Jean Feed. Phelt- PEAUX, Count de, French statesman, b. Ver- sailles, 1701 ; d. Nov. 1781. Grandson of the Chancellor Pontchartrain. He became minis- ter of marii>e in 1725; app. minister of state in 1738; and removed in 1 749 for an epigram on Mme. Pompadour. Recalled in 1774, and made pres. of tlie council, he restored the ex- iled parliaments; called Turgot and Necker successively into the ministry ; and was instru- mental in bringing about the treaty of alliance with the U.S. in 1778. Maury, Ann, dau. of James (U.S. consul at Liverpool 1789-1837), b. Liverpool, Eng., 1803. A descendant of Rev. James Fontaine, whose Autobiography, with an account of his descendants, under the title of " Memoirs of a Huguenot Family," she pub. N.Y. 1854, 12mo. Maury, Dabney II., gen. Confed. service, b. Va. ab. 1824. West Point, 1846. Enter- ing the Mounted Rifles, he was brev. for Cerro Gordo, whore he was severely wounded 1 8 Apr. 1847 ; assist, prof, geog., hist., and ethics, at West Point, 1847-50, and of inf. tactics 1850-2; assist, adj.-gcn. (brev. capt.) 17 Apr. 1860; dism. the army 25 .June, 1861. Joinmg the confcds., he attained the rank of maj.-gen., and com. the defences of Mobile, which place was captured by Gen. Canby 10 Apr. 1865. Author of " Skirmish DriU for Mounted Troops," 1859. Maury, Matthew Fontaine, LL.D., naval officer and hydrographer, b. Spottsylvania Co., Va., Jan. 14,'l806. While he was young, his parents removed to Tenn. Midshipm. Feb. 1 , 1 825 ; and, while circumnavigating the globe in " The Vincennes," began his treatise on "Navigation." Lieut. June 10, 1836. In 1839 he met with an accident, which resulted in per- manent lameness, and unfitted him for active service afloat. While confined from this cause, he amnsed himself by writing a series of ar- ticles on various abuses in the navy, pub. in the South. Lit. Messenger, entitled " Scraps from the Lucky Bag, by Harry Blnff." He was then placed in charge of the hydrograpliical ofiice ; and, on its union with the naval observatory in 1844, he became superintendent. He inves- ti.Lrated the physical geog. of the sea, and gath- ei cd many observations of the ocean winds and curicnts from the records of naval and merchant vessels. In 1844 Lieut. Maury's paper respect- ing the Gulf Stream, ocean-currents, and great circle sailing, was read before the National In- stitute, and printed in the South. Lit. Messevr)er. The principal results of his researches are em- bodied in the wind and current charts and the sailing-directions pub. by the observatory for 610 TMASS. general distribution among mariners, and in " riivsical Geography oftlie Sea " (N.Y. IS55). In 1855 lie was made commander, and in 1 861 threw up his ap|jointments, and joined in the Rehellion. Res. the pres. of the U. of Alii. in 1871. Member of the principal scientific as- sociations of America and Europe ; from whom, as well as from forei{;n govts., he has received disting. honors. He has, beside the above, pub. " Letters on the Amazon, and tlie Atlantic Slopes of .S. America ; " " Relation between Navigation and the Circulation of the Atmos- phere ; " " Astronomical Observations," 1853 ; and also several addresses before lit. and scien- tific bodies. Maury, Sakah Mytton, dau. of James, b. Livrrpool ; d. Va. 1848. She possessed rare talents and remarkable conversational powers. Author of '• Statesmen of America in 184G," Loud. 8vo, 1847; "Progress of the Catholic Church in America," 1847; "An Englishwo- juan in America," 8to, 1848. — Allibone. Maverick, Samuel, an early settler of Ms., b. Eng. ab. 1602; d. N.Y. after 1667. Son of Rev. John of Dorchester. He settled as early as 1G29 at Noddle's Island (now East Boston), of which he received a grant from the Gen. Court, A|ir. 1, 1G.!.3. He was a zealous Episcopalian, anil, liaving suffered much per- secution on this aecouni, went to Eng. to com- plain to tlie king; and Apr. 2.3, 1664, was app. by Charles I. one of llie four commissioners for the settlement of dilKeidtics with the N.E. Colonies, and also to " reduce the Dutch at the Manhadoes." The conimi.'-sioners were un- successful in Ms. ; and Maverick, ab. 1665, took up his abode in N.Y. — Unniner's East Boston. Maxcy, Jonathan, D.D. (H. U. 1801), an eloquent clergyman, b. Attleborough, Ms., Sept 2, 1768; d. Columbia, S.C, June 4, 1820. B.U. 1787. Tutor there 1787-91. Ord. pastor of the First Baptist Church in Providence, Sept. 8, 1791; and in the same _year he was elected prof, of divinity in B.U., and in Sept. 1792 he was app. pres. Under him the college acquired a high reputation for belles-lettres and eloquence. In 1802 he accepted the prc- idency of Un. Coll., Schenectady; in 1804 he accepted the presidency ol Col. Coll., S.C, where he continued until his death. He m. a dau. of Com. Hopkins of Providence. Dr. Maxcy was well versed in philology, criticism, metaphysics, logic, politics, morals, and philos- ophy. He pub. 15 sermons, 5 baccalaureate addresses, 3 orations, and an introductory lec- ture to a course on the philos. principles of rhetoric and criticism. The most celebrated of his pubs, was his sermons on the Existence of God, which passed throngh many editions. His writings were collected and pub. with a Memoir by Rev. Romeo Elton, D.D.,8vo, 1844. Maxcy, Viboil, lawyer and politician, bro. of the preceding, b. Attleborough, Ms ; killed, Feb. 28, 1844, on board the U.S. steamer " Princeton," by the explosion of one of her puns. He studied law with R. G. Harper of Md., and settled in that State, where he soon became eminent in the profession. He disting. himself in both houses of the State legisl., as solicitor of. the U. S. treasury, and as charge d'a^ains to Belgium. He pulj. " Compilation of the Laws of Md. from 1692 to 1809," 4 vo's. 8vo, 1809; "Oration before the Phi Beta Kajipa Society," 18.33. Maximilian, Feisdinand Joseph, arch- duke of Austria, and emperor of Mexico, b. SchiJnbrun, July 6, 1832; shot at Queretaro 19 June, 1867. He was educated at Vienna; sci'ved in the Austrian navy; was viceroy of Lombardy and Venice in 1857-9 ; and in Aug. 1863 was offered the crown of Mexico by Napoleon III., which he accepted Apr. Id, 1864, and landed at Vera Cruz 28 May. Afnr 3 years of war, and the withdrexwal of the French forces, which had assisted to place hiui in power, he was defeated, and captured at Queretaro, May 15, 1867. He was shot in re- taliation for liis order, declaring the republican pres. Juarez, and his supporters, bandits and outlaws. Julv 27, 1859, he m. Maria Carlotia, dau. of Leopold I., king of the Belgians. Maxwell, Col. Hcoh, Revol. officer, b. Ireland, Apr. 27, 1733 ; d. on the return vovage from the W. Indies, Oct. 14, 1799. His father, also named Hugh, emigrated toN. Eng. in 1733. Col. M. served 5 campaigns in the old French wars; was taken at Fort Edwaril, and barely escaped with his life. In 1773 he removed to Charleraont, now Heath, Ms. A lieut. at Bunker's Hill, and wounded there ; maj. in Bailey's regt. July, '77, and at the battle of Sar- atoga ; and was a lieut.-col. at the close of the war. His brother, Thompson Maxwell, b. Bedford, Ms., 174-.', d. 18.35. He was a Ranger in the French war, 17.08-63; assisted in de- slroving the lea in Boston harbor in 1773; fought at Bunker's Hill and Three Rivers; was a member of the State Const. C'onv. ; re- moved to Miami Co., 0., in 1800; serveil under Col. Miller in 1812; was a prisoner during the war of 1812-15, and in 1814 deputy barrack- Maxwell, William, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. N.Jersey; d. Nov. 12, 1798. App. col. of the 2d N.J. batt. Nov. 7, 1775, with which he served in the disastrous campaign of 1776 in Canada; and he was one of the re- monstrants against llie decision of the council of oflScers, held July 7 in that year, to abandon Crown Point. It appears by bis memorial to Congress, Aug. 28, 1776, be had been in "con- stant service in the army fitteen years, since the spring of 1758 ; had served his country to the utmost of his power, and hopes with some good effect, which he can make appear if re- quisite; notwithstanding be finds himself much aggrieved by having a younger ofRfer, St. Clair, promoted over him." Congress ajip. him brig.-gen. Oct. 23, 1776. Ho com. the N.J. brigade at Brandy wine andGermantown ; harassed the enemy o"n their retreat through N.J. after the evacuation of Phila. ; sustained an important part in the battle of Monmouth ; and in Aug. 1779 was in Sullivan's exped. against the Indians. Soon after the action at Springfield, June 22, 1780, he resigned. Maxwell, William, LL.D.,pres. Ilamp. Sid. Coll. 1838-44, b. Norfolk, Va., Feb. 27, 1784; d. Richmond, Va., Jan. 9, 1857. Y.C. 1802. He studied law; practised in Norfolk, Va., and attained great eminence ; acted as literary editor of the N. Y. Journal of Commeice in 1 827 ; 611 resumed practice m 182S; was a member of the Va. h. of delegates in 18.30, and of the State senate 1831-7 ; sec. of the Hltiiii:. merchant of Boston, and one of the "Indians" who threw the tea into the harbor. He stud- ied medicine under Dr. John Warren ; re- moved to Washington, D.C, in 179.5 ; and was the physician and surgeon of Washington, as well as of the other disting. men of the vicinity. Piof. of obstetrics in Col. Coll. from 1S23 to 1839 ; and was at the time of his death pres. of tlicD C. Med. Society, as well asof the Med. As- sociation of Washington. Father of IIenkt, M.C. of Baltimore 185.3-5, and Col. Charles A., a disting. cavalrv-officer in the Mexican war (b. 1S18, d. N.Y. fitv 24 Drc- I.'^64J. May, i;i:v. Son . L :i...,,'n, ]iMI,,titl.n.. pist, b. i;ii-i"ii. Sc;! 1 :. I,:i7: ,i S\r:i.u- , N.Y.,July 1,1-71. 11 r i-17. .\ri.||.;.a. hiii^r lyn, Ct., he became gcu. agent of the Ms.' Anti- slavery Society ; was afteiward pastor in So. Scituate, Ms. ; was principal of the Lexington Normal School in 1842-5; ami settled in the Unit, ministry at Syracuse in 1845, remaining until 1 868. He devoted his energies especially to the antislavery cause for many years ; having been one of the first members of the N.E. Soc. in 1832, and a member of the Phila. conv. of 1833, which formed the Amer. Antislavery Soc. Author of " Recollections of our Anti- slavery Conflict," 1S69. Mayer, Brantz, lawyer and author, b. Baltimore, Sept. 27, 1809. Educated at St. Mary's Coll., Baltimore. He visited Java, Sumatra, and China, returning in 1828; and practised law from 1832 to 1841, when he was app. sec. of legation to Mexico, reujaining one year. He has since edited the Baltimore Amer- ican ; in 1844 pub. " .Mexico n? it Was and as itis;" "Mexico, Azicr, Spani li. and Republi- can," 2 vols. 8vo, Is.M; "I'apfaiii Canot, or 20 Years of an Atiiea.i Slavci,' 1854; "Ob- servations on Mexican History and Archeolo- gy," pub. in the Smithsonian " Contributions to Knowledge," 1856; and "Mexican Anti- quities," Phila. 1858. His occasional addresses are numerous ; and he has contrib. to the Md. Hist. Society, of which he was corresp. sec. and a liberal benefactor, "The Journal of Charles Carroll during his Mission to Canada," and " Tah-gah-jute, or Logan and Captain Michael Crcsap," &c., 8vo, 1851. Mayhew, Experience, minister of Mar- tha's Vineyard, b. Jan. 27, 1673; d. Nov. 29, 1758. Eldest son of Rev. John, and grandson of Rev. Thomas, he succeeded them as an In- di.in preacher in March, 1694. Familiar with the Ind. language, he was employed by the Society for propagating the Gospel in N.E. to make a new version of the Psalms, and of John, which he did in 1709. He pub. in 8vo, 1727, " Indian Converts," being lives of 30 In- dian ministers and 80 other pious Indians ; also "Grace Defended," 8vo, 1744. His son Zachariah was Indian missionary at M.V. from Dec. 10, 1767, to his d. March 6, 1806. He received literary honors from H.U. 1720. Mayhew, Ira, educator, b. Ellisburg, N.Y., 1814. Prominent in the cause of educa- tion in the West, and repeatedly superint. of public instruction in Michigan. Author of " Treatise on Popular Education," N.Y. 1850 ; " Practical Svstem of Book-Keeping," Phila. 1851. Mayhew, Jonathan, D.D.(Aherd. 1749), minister of the West Church, Boston, from June 17, 1747, to his d. Julv 9, 1766 ; b. Mar- tha's Vineyard, Oct. 8, 1720. H.U. 1744. Son of Expeiionce M. He possessed great abilities and learning; was a writer of superior power, and corresp. with Lardncr, Benson, Kippis, Blackburne, and Hollis. In 1 763 he had a warm controversy with Mr. Apthorpe, the Episcopal missionary in Boston. He was a man of independent views, inclined in his tlieol(v_rii-al opinions to Unitariaiii>m ; a sin- e.ulM.iid oi civil and religious liberty; the a^^M, i,!i,. .,1 ( >\\< and other patriots of the day ; and lai-r!\ mllncnced the Rovol. tendencies of tin- |iLU|ile lie pnl. nianv a^innal sermons. Ml. .'I hi t'l.. Urpeal of the I ' : I w,n thcEarth- Sta Act quakes" in N... 17, !;. :..r. 8vo, 1760; and in 1749, in cm., ' .Scv.ii .Sermons." His writings, with a Memoir, were pub. by Alden Bradford. 8vo, Boston, 18.38. Mayhew, Thomas, gov. of Martha's Vineyard and the adjacent islands, b. Eng. 1592'; d. Mar. 1G82, a. 90, wanting 6 days. Ho had been a merchant in Southampton, Eng.; came to N.E. in 1631; resided in Wa- tertown, M<.. in lfi3fi; obtained of the agent of Lord Sni lin j in I let. 1641 a grant of lands, and in In 17 li. _,in a Mttlement at Edgartown. He aiiird 111- M.n ill converting the Indians. Having pioved ljini~cil their father and friend, they were exceedingly attached to him. At the age of 70, after the death of his son, he preached to the natives as well as to the Eng- lish. During Philip's war in 1675-6, these Indians kept aloof from the conflict, and guarded their friend. Mayhew, Thomas, son of the preceding, first minister of Martha's Vineyard ; d. Nov. 1657, a. 36. In 1642 he accomp" his father to that island, and preached to the whites ; and in 1646 began to preach to the Indians, who«e language he acquired. So earnest were his la- bors, that in 1650 he had 100 converts. He sailed for Eng. in Nov. 1657 to obtain aid from the Society for propagating the Gospel ; but the vessel was lost at sea. He was liber- ally educated. Four of his letters respecting the progress of the gospel were pub. in Lon- don. Matthew his son succeeded to the govt, of the island in 1681; also preached to the Indians, and d. 1710. His grandson Dr. Matthew, a man of wit and of uncommon nf mind. before 181.5 . 85. Maylem, John, poet of Boston, b. 1691 ; d. Newport, R.L H.U. 1715. In 1758 w.as pub. two poems, " The Conquest of Louis- burg," and " Gallic Perfidy." He affixes to ]yLA.Y 6 his name on the titlepages "Philo-Bclhim." He was for a while a resident of Halifax, N.S. ; the date of his d. usually given (1742) is too early, as the capture of Louisburg occurred in 1745. Mayo, Amoky Dwioht, clersrvnian and author, b. Wai-wiek, Ms., Jan. 31,1 823. While young he kept in his father's store, teacliing school in the winter ; at 20 he entered Amh. Coll., and, after studying theology under Dr. Hosea B.allou, was ord. in July, 1846, and settled at Gloucester, Ms., over the Independent Christian Church ; after a ministry of 8 years, he removed to Cleveland, O., and preached one year to the Cong. Society of Liberal Christians ; in 1855 he took charge of the First Cong. Unit. Society of Albany, and is now pastorin Cincin. He has pub. "the Balance," Boston, 1347; " Graces and Powers of the Christian Life," 1852 ; " Symbols of the Capital," N.Y. 1859 ; and a selection from the wntings of hi.s wife, Mrs. S. C.Mayo, -with a Memoir, Boston, 1849. Some of his later works have appeared in the Albany serial " Tracts for the Times." He has contrib. to the Unioersaiist Quarterly, and to various newspapers. Mayo, Mrs. Sarah C. Edgarton, b. Shirl.y, Ms., 1819; d. 1848; m. Rev. A. D. M.iyo, 1846. She edited for 9 years the flose of Sharon, an annual ; also edited the Ladies' hrpoaitori/ ; contrib. prose and verse to it and to the Knicherbodcer Mar;, and other periodicals. Author of "The Palfreys," "Ellen Clitibrd," " Memoirs and Poems of Mrs. J. H. Scott," " The Poetry of Women," " Flower Vase," "Spring Flowers," "Fables of Flora," "Floral Fortune-Teller." — &e Selections from her Writings, with a Memoir by her Husband, 12mo, 1849;^//i'6on«. Mayo,WiLLiAM Staebuck, M.D., author, b. Ogdensburg, N.T., Apr. 20, 1812. His ances- tor. Rev. John, was of an Eng. family ; came to N. E. in 1 630, and was the first pastor of the North Church, Boston ; ord. Nov. 9, 1655 ; dism. Apr. 15, 1662. Wm. S. received a good classical education at the acad. of Potsdam, and at 17 began to study medicine at the Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y. City ; he received his diploma in 1833; practised his profession several years ; and travelled through the Barbary States and Spain. In 1849 he pub. " Kaloolah," the most popular of his productions, narrating imaginary adventures m Africa ; in 1850 " The Berber, or the Moun- taineer of the Atlas ; " and " Romance Dust from the Historic Placer." He resides in New York. — Dni/rkincl.: Mazzeij Philip, author, b. Tuscany, 1730; d. Pi>a, March 19, 1816. He studied physic; practiced a while at Smyrna; and from 1755 t > 1783 was in London, engaged in commercial lusiness; he came to America in Dec. 1773, ,fith a {:vr of his countrymen, for the purpose of introducing into Va. the culture of the grape, the olive, and other fruits of Italy ; he took an active part in support of our independ- ence, and was the friend and corresp. of Jeffer- son ; in 1783 he returned to Europe on a secret mission from the State of Va. ; revisited the U.S. in 1785; and in 1788 wrote in Paris his " R&h'rches Historiqucs et Politiques sur les Etnts-Unis de I 'Am&ique Septenti-ionale," in 4 vols., which has never been translated. He was subsequently privy councillor of the King of Poland until 1792 ; and in 1802 received a pen- sion from the Emperor Alexander of Russia ; he was a zealous republican, and an enemy to intolerance in Church and State. — See Memorie della Vita di, 2 vols. 1845. Meaeham, Jambs, clergyman and scholar, b. Rutland, Vt., 1810 ; d. Middlcbury, Vt., Aug. 22, 1856. Midd. CoU. 18.32. He was tu- tor there ; studied theol. ; was settled minister ofNew Haven, Vt. ; was e.nllrd ti> thr j,n ,t. ssor- ship of elocution and En^. lit. in Mi-Id. (oil.; andM.C. 1849-55; at the lime ..I his (i.:ith ho was a regent of the Smithsonian lustiLute. Meade, George Gokdon, LL.D. (H.U. 1865), maj.-gcn. U.S.A., b. Cadiz, Spain, 1816. CL . v'/iJlT (a West Point, 1835. Son of U.S. consul Richard W., and bro. of Com. R. W. Meade, U. S. N. Entering the 3d Art., he served against the Seminoles in Fla., but resigned 26 Oct. 1836, and was employed in the Texas and North-east, boundary survevs 1838-42; app. 2d lieut. topogt engrs. 19'May, 1842 ; 1st lieut. 4 Aug. 1851; capt. 19May, 1856; maj. 13 -June, 1862 ; brig.-gen. vols. 31 Aug. 1861 ; maj.-ien. vols. 29 Nov. 1862 ; brig.-gen. U.S.A. 3'july, 1863 ; maj.-gen. 18 Aug. 1864. During the Mexican war he was engaged at Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and the siege of Vera Cniz, and brev. 1st lieut. 23 Sept. 1846 for Monti-rey; engaged in geodetic survey of northern lakes 1856-61 ; com. brignde at DranesvUle, Va., 20 Dec. 1861 ; and in Peninsular campaign ; and severely wounded at Glendale 30 June, 1862; in the battle of Manassas 29-30 Aug. 1862 ; com. div. 1st corps at South Mountain and Antietaui ; com. 5th corps at Fredericks- burg and Cbaneellorsville ; com. Army of the Potomac 23 June, 1863, to 1 July, 1865 ; and engaged at Gettysburg, and in all the battles and operations in Va. to the surrender of Lee, 9 Apr. 1865; now commands Dept. of the East. Meade, Larkis G., sculptor, b. Brattle- borough, Vt. From the Army of the Potomac ho sent numerous spirited camp and battle scenes to a N.Y. illustrat'jd paper. His statue of Ethan Allen is in the State House, Montpelier. His other works are " The Returned Soldier," " La Contadinella," " The Thought of Free- dom," and " Echo." — TnrLvrman. Meade, William, M.D., mineralogist of disting. literarv and scientific attainments ; d. Newburg, N.Y'., Aug. 29, 1833. Meade, William, D.D., Prot.-Ep. bishop of Va., b. Frederick, now Clarke Co., Va., Nov. 11, 1789; d. Richmond, Va., March 14, 1862. N. J. Coll. 1 808. Son of Col. Richard Kidder, aide to Washington 12 Mar. 1777-83 (b. 1750, d. Feb. 1805). Ord. 1811. Theseeneof his labors was the parish near hU patrimonial estate; and for many year- lii- inl. j.. ihl-nt pecuniary circumstances en ili :' ■ i:;te gratuitously. He contrili. : . tlie establishment of a dioees: n iii mI, > i.,., and other educational .and missionary soeirties in Va. Unanimously chosen assist, bishop in 1829, and eonsec. in Phila. Aug. 19; assumed the chief care of the diocese ; and in 1841 took IS^I'EA. 613 the sole charge of it. Bishop Meade wielded a remarkable influence in Va., and made feiTent though futile efforts to prevent the secission of Va. and the appeal to the sword. He delivered annually a course of lectures at the Epis. Sem., and published occasional tracts and treatises on doctrinal questions, local churcli-history, &c. He was the recognized head of the evangelical branch of the Prot.-Epis. Church in the U.S. He pub. "Family Prayer," 1834; "Lectures on the Pastoral Office ; " " Lectures to Stu- dents," N.Y. 1849; and "Old Churches, Min- isters, and Families in Va.," 2 vols. 8vo, Phila. 1856. Meagher, Gen. Thomas Francis, b. Wateilbrd, Ireland, Aug. 3, 1823; drowned at Ft.Benton, Montana, July 1, 1867. He studied at the Jesuit Coll. of Clongowes, Co. Kildare, and at Stonyhurst Coll., near Preston, Eng. Leaving the latter in 1843, he became in 1846 one of the leaders of the " Young Ireland " party, with which he was a favorite orator; and in 1848 was sent a delegate to congratulate the French republic. On his return he was ar- rested for sedition, and held to bail. Charged with treason, a reward of £300 was offered ; and, after many adventures, he was finally cap- tured near Rathgannon, in Aug. ; was tried in Clonmel in Oct. ; found guilty, and sentenced to death ; afterward commuted to banishment for life to Van Dieman's Land, from which he escaped, and landed in N.Y. in May, 1852. He lectured with great success throughout the country; and in 1854 visited Cal. On his re- turn he studied law, and entered on its practice. In 1856 he edited the Irish News. He raised a company in the 69th N.Y. Vols., and served with distinction at Bull Run as major ; after- ward raised an Irish brigade, and was made brig.-gen. of vols. Feb. 3, 1862; attached to Sumner's corps during the battles before Kith- mond ; at Antietam fought in Richardson's division; attached to Couch's corps (2d), and wounded at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862; at Chaneellorsville, May 2-4, 1863, he led his bri- gade for the last time; and resigned May 8, 1863. Early in 1864 he was recornmissioned brig.-gen. of vols., and assigned to the com. of the district of Etowah. App. sec. of Montana in 1865; and for some time previous to his death, which was occasioned by a fall from the deck of a steamer, had been acting governor. Author of " Speeches on the Legislative Indep. of Ireland," 12mo, 18.i2. Means, Alexander, M.D., D.D. (1854), LL.D. (Em. Coll. 1858), clergyman, b. N.C. Feb. 6, 1801 . After teaching school in Mocks- ville, N.C, he removed to Ga. ; studied medi- cine, and in 1840-1 received his degree from the Augusta Med. Coll. In 1828 he became a minister in the M.E. Church ; in 1834 supt. of the Manual Labor School near Covington, Ga. ; from 1836 to 1856 occupied the chair of natu- ral science in Emory Coll., lecturing also on chemistry during part of the vear at the Augusta Med. Coll. from 1841 to 1858; pres. of the Masonic Female Coll. in Covington in 18.')3; and in 1854-5 was pres. of Emory Coll. He has since occupied the chair of chemistry at the Atlanta Med. Coll. Means, John H, gov. S.C. 1850-2; col. in the Confcd. service ; killed at the battle of Manassas, Va., 28 Aug. 1862. Mease, James, M.D., an eminent physician of Phila. Author of " Geolog. Account of the U.S.," 1807; "Picture of Phila.," 1811; "On VVm. Penn's Treaty with the Indians," 8vo, 1836; "Utility of Public Loan Offices," &c., 8vo, 1836; "Description of some of the Medals struck in N.A.," 8vo, Phila. 1821 ; " Letter on the Rearing of Silk- Worms," 8vo, 1828 ; " Ob- servations on the Bite of a Mad Dog," &c., 1792. Medary, Samuel, editor and Democ. pol- itician, b. Montgomery Co., Pa., Feb. 25, IfiOl ; d. Columbus, Nov. 7, 1864. He had a limited education ; became a printer ; was an adherent of Gen. Jackson ; was many years editor of the Ohio Slutesman ; and established and carried on until his death the Columbus Crisis. A leading man of his party ; gov. of the Terr, of Minne- sota in 1857-8, of Kansas in 1859-60 ; and was during the Rebellion, a " peace Democrat." In 1869 his personal and polit. friends erected a costlv monument to his memory. Medill, William, gov. of O. in 1853-6, b. New Castle Co., Del., 1805; d. Lancaster, 0., Sept. 2, 1865. He received an academical edu- cation ; studied law; and, having removed to Ohio, was adm. to the bar in 1832 ; was soon after elected to the State legisl., serving a num- ber of years, and was twice elected speaker; was M.C. in 1839-43 ; was first assist, postra.- gen. in 1845-9, and subsequently held the office ofcommiss. of Indian affairs; member of the State Const. Gonv. of 1850, and chosen chair- man ; in 1851 and '52 was lieut.-gov. of Ohio. ; and by Pres. Buchanan was app. first compt. of the U.S. treasury. A Democ. in polities. Medley, John, D.D., Pr.-Ep. bishop of Frederickton, N.B., b. 1804; educated at Wad- bam Coll., Oxf (B.A. 1826; M.A. 1830). Sev- eral years vicar of St. Thomas's, Exeter, and prebend of that cathedral; and was in 1845 consec. first bishop of F., which includes the entire province of New Brunswick. — Men of the Time. MedOWS, Sir William, a British gen., b. Dec. 31, 1738 ; d. Bath, 14 Nov. 1813. Enter- ing the army in 1756, he served in Germany; came with his regt. (55th) to Amer. Sept. 1775, and com. the 1st brig, of grenadiers ; disting. himself on many occasions, notably at Bran- dywine, where he was wounded ; (listing, and wounded at the taking of St. Lucie, and made col. 89th Regt. ; major-gen. and com. of the forces at Madras in 1791 ; and led the right wing of Cornwallis's army at Seringapatam in 1792; afterward made full gen.; gov. of the Isle of Wight ; Kt. of the Bath ; and was com. of the forces in Ireland in 1801-3. Meek, Alexander Beaufokt, author and lawyer, b. Columbia, S.C, July 17, 1814 ; d. Columbus, Mpi., Nov. 30, 1865. U. of Ala. His father settled at Tuscaloosa in 1819. Adm. to the bar in 1835, and edited the Flag of the Union, a Democratic paper. In 1836 he served as a lieut. of vols, against the Seminoles, and was a short time atty.-gen. of the State; in 1S39 he edited the Southron, a literary monthly at Tuscaloosa; in 1842-4 he was county judge, and pub. a suppt. to the " Digest 614 of Alabama." He was law clerk in the office of the solicitor of the treasury at Washiii);ton in 1845 ; U.S. dist. atty. for the southern (list, of Ala 1846-50; assoc. editor of the lUohlle Daih/ Rfgisier l8-i8-53 ; ^b '-l3 1853; he disling. himself by originating and Quebec (Sepi etta, 0. He was app. commiss. of clothing under Gen. Wayne in 1795 ; and in 1801 was ^ app. by Jefferson agent for Indian affairs ; from the Indians he received the sobriquet of " The - White Path." His Journal of the Exped to ^ 75^ai securing a free-school system in Ala. ; judge of proliate in Mobile Co. in 18.54; speaker of the legisl. in 1859. In 1855 he pub. " The Red Eagle, a Poem of the South ; '' and in 1857 a vol. of orations, sketches, and essays, entitled " Komantic Passages in South-western His- tory," and " Songs and Poems of the South." He also delivered many orations, essays, and criticisms, in prose and verse, and had written a History of Alabama. He excelled as a chess- player. — Appleton. Megapolensis, John, Jun., a Dutch min- ister, settled at Albany in 1642-9, afterwards in New York, where he d. ab. 1669. Came to N.Y. at the age of 39. His account of the Mohawk Indians in 1644 is in Hazard, i. 517-26. Meigs, Charles DELncEN.i, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1814; N.J. Coll. 1818), medical writer, b. Ga. 17 Feb. 1792; d. Del. Co., Pa., 25 June, 1869. Settled in Fhihi. in 1820; had a lucrative practice in his specialty, — obstetrics, and diseases of women and children, — and was a prof in Jeff. Med. Coll. in 1840-62. Author 1776) is in the ■^ 776, and was print- ' Mid« ' Lectu Cholera," 1848; eases of Cliildrer " Diseases of thi the " Remarks on Spasmodic "Obstetrics," 1849; " Dis- ,"1850; "Childbed Fevers;" Neck of the Uterus," 1854 ; and " Lives of S. G.Morton (I851)and Daniel Drake, M.D." Ed. the N.A. Med. and Surg, ■four., and trans. " Typhaines Abbey," a French novel, 1868. Meigs, Montgomery Cunningham, qm.- gen. U.S.A., b. Ga. ab. 1816. West Point, 1836. Entering the 1st Art., he was transf. to theengrs.; became 1st lieut. 1 July, 1838; eapt. 3 Mar. 1853; col. lllh Inf. 14 May, 18G1 ; qra.-gen. (rank of brig. -gen.) 15 May, 1861 ; brev. raaj.-gen. U.S.A. 5 July, 1864, for dis- ting. services during the Rebellion. He was employed at Fort Delaware 1834-41 ; Fort Wayne, Detroit, 1841-9; on the Potomac Aqueductand U.S.Capitol Extensionl852-61; directing the equipping and supplying the ar- mies in the field during the Rebellion ; particu- larly employed in providing transportation and supplies for the forces at Chattanooga ; and en- gaged in the battle of 23-25 Nov. 1863; also in supplying and refitting Sherman's army at Savannah and Goldsborough, N.C. Meigs, Return Jonathan, col. Revol. army, b. Middletown, Ct., Dec. 1740; d. Chero- kee Agency, Jan. 28, 1823. Immediately after the battle of Lexington, he marched a company of light inf. to Cambridge ; with the rank of major accomp. Arnold to Quebec, and upon its attack by Montgomery, Dec. 31, 1775, was Tales," 1829 made a prisoner ; exchanged in 1776; and in 1777, having raised a regt., was promoted to col. ; May 23, 1777, he performeil a brilliant exploit at Sag Harbor, for which Congress (Aug. 3) voted him thanks and a sword ; he com. a regt. at the storming of Stonv Point, July 16, 1779 ; and served to theend of the war. In 1788 he was one of the first settlers of Mari- Amer. Remembrancer for 1776, and was print- ^ i^i!^ \ ed, with an Introd. and Notes by C. I. Bush- ^r" !> v V nell. N.Y. 1864. ^ > t V Meigs, Return Jonathan, jurist and ^ ^■^>«^ statesman, son of the preceding, b. Middle- "S i ^ town, Ct., Nov. 1765; d. Marietta, 0., Mar. -3 - ^^ 29, 1825. Y. C.1785. He studied law ; emig. _ ^ is to Marietta in 1788 ; was sent on a mission to -fl X,- s the British com. at Detroit by Gov. St. Clair «^ ^ in 1790; and was subsequently often engaged ^ ."^ t^ in the Indian fights of the day ; chief justice ^ ;■■. oftheOhioSup.Courtfroml803toOct. 1804; '^ ' -s brev. col. U.S.A., and com. of the St. Charles f ^^ ^ dist.. La., from Oct. 1804 to Apr. 21, 1806; _J '^ ^ judgeof the Sup. Court of that dist. in 1805-6 ; 3 "^ ». judge of the U.S. Dist. Court of Mich, from agent for N. H. ; afterward coll. of customs in Boston and Ports- mouth ; was a loyalist, and went to England in 1777. Messheimer, Frederick Val., entomol- ogist ; d. ab. 1814. Lutheran minister of Han- over, York Co., Pa. He pub. " A Catalogue of Insects ofPa " 1806. Metcalfe, Charles Theophilus, baron, gov.-gen. of Canada 1842-4, b. Berkshire, Eng., Jan. .30, 1785 ; d. Basingstoke, Sept. 5, 1846. Theophilus his fiither was a member of parliament. He was educated at Eton ; went to India in 1800, where he filled various civil and diplomatic posts; succeeded to the 618 atTD baronetcy on the death of his bro. in 1822; gov.-gen. of Jamaica 1839-42; created a baron in 1844. Metcalf, Ralph, gov. of N.H. 18.3.5-6, b. Charlestown, N.H., Nov. 21, 1798; d. Clare- mont, N.H., Aug. 26, 1858. D.C. 1823. He followed farming until the age of 1 8 ; began the practice of lav? at Newport in 1826; was sec. of state several years from 1830 ; held a clerk- ship at Washington in 1838-40 ; was chairman of the com. for conipiling the laws of the State in 1852; mcmlicr of the honse in 1852-3 ; re- gister of probate for Sullivan Co. in 1845. — Ahimn! D.C. Metcalfe, Samuel L., M.D., b. Va. ; d. 1856. Some time a resident of Ky., and prof, of chemistry in Transylv. U., Lexington. Author of "Narrative of Indian Warfare in the West," Lex. 8vo, 1821 ; "New Theory of Terrestrial Magnetism," 8vo, 1833 ; " Caloric," &c., 2 vols. 8vo, 1843. Metcalf, Thekon, LL.D. (B.U. 1844; H.U. 1848), jurist, b. Franklin, Ms., Oct. 16, 1784. . Brown U. 1805. App. reporter Ms. Supreme Court in 1839, and judge from Feb. 24, 1848, to 1865. Author of " Digest of Cases in the Ms. Sup. Court," 1816-23; " MetcalPs Reports, 1840-49," 13 vols. 8vo, 1840-51; " Digest of Decis. of Cts. of Common Law and AdmiraltyintheU.S.,''vol.i.,1840; with L. S. Cushing, Suppt. to the Rev. Statutes of Ms. to 1844. He has edited the Gen. Laws of Ms. to 1822 by Commissioners Stearns and Shaw, 2 vols. 8vo, 1823; Maule and Selwyn's Re- ports ; Russell on Crimes ; Starkie on Evi- dence; Yelverton's Reports; &c. Author of able articles in the Amer. Jurist on the Law of Contracts (since pub. in an 8vo vol.), &c. ; an Oration at Dedham, July 4, 1810; and " An Address to the P. B. K. Soc. of Brown U." 1832 Metcalfe, Gen. Thomas, statesman, b. Fauquier Co., Va., Mar. 20, 1780 ; d. Nicholas Co., Ky., Aug. 18, 1855. In his youth his parents emigrated to Fayette, Ky., where he re- ceived a few months' schooling ; became a stone-cutter at the age of 16, and devoted all his leisure to study. In 1809 the prospect of a war with Eng. occasioned his first appearance as a public speaker; in 1813 he com. a com- pany at the battle of Fort Meigs, distinguish- ing himself greatly ; and, while absent on this campaign, was elected to the legisl., receiving within 13 of the entire vote of the county; after serving there several years, he was M.'C. 1819-29; gov. 1828-32; State senator 1834, and U.S. senator 1848-9; pres. of the Board of Internal Improvement in 1840. He was the friend and follower of Henry Clay, and delighted in the appellation, — having refer- ence to his occupation of a stone-mason, — the " Old Stone Hammer." In Congress and the executive chair. Gov. M. greatly disting. him- self by his ability and firmness. Miantonomo, Sachem of the Narragan- setts; d. Sept. 1643. He was the nephew and successor of Canonicus, and assumed the govt, in 1636 ; making in that year a treaty with the English at Boston. He was the friend and benefactor of the R.I. settlers, to whom he gave their territory. In 1638 he entered into with Uncas, Sachem of the Mohegans, not to make war upon one another without first appealing to the English. Cited in 1642,upon mere rumorofintended hostilities, to appear at Boston before the gov. and council, he prom))tly appeared, declared his innocence, and called upon the English to produce his ac- cusers. None appearing, he was dismissed with honor. Gov. Winthrop, in his Journal, testifies to the respect in which the ability of this great chief was held. The rivalry between the Mohegans and Narragansetts, which it was the policy of the English to foment, produced its inevitable result. Driven by the insults and injuries of the unprincipled Uncas, he attacked him, but was defeated, and made prisoner, and, by the advice and con.sent of the English magistrates and elders, was executed. Brave and magnanimous, he was doubtless the most able of the Indians of New England. Micconopy (Pond-King), head chief of theScminoles; d. Fort Gibson, Ark., Jnn. 1849, a. ah. 63. He com. in person at Dado's defeat, and with Osceola at the Onithlacoochic in 1836, but was opposed to the war, and surrendered in Dec. 1837. Michaux, Andke, botanist, b. Sartory, near Versailles, Mar. 7, 1746 ; d. Madagascar, Nov. 1802. He devoted himself to agric. pur- suits ; but the early loss of his wife changed his career. In 1780 he made a botanical ex- cursion to Spain, and in 1782 to Persia. In 1785 he was sent to America for the purpose of sending out trees and shrubs for the estab- lishment at Rambouillet ; made botanical ex- cursions in various parts of the continent ; and established gardens for arboriculture at N.Y. and at Charleston, S.C. In 1796 he returned to Europe ; was shipwrecked on the coast of Holland, but saved the greater part of his valuable collection, and, on his arrival at Paris, found that few of the 60,000 stocks which he had sent out to Rambouillet had escaped the ravages of the Revol. In 1800 he was attached to the expcd. of Baudin to New Holland. Author of " Hisioire des Chenes del'Ame'rique," 1301 ; and " Flora Borenli Americana," 2 vols. 8vo, 1803. His son FRANgois Andhe (b. 1770, d. Oct. 23, 1855), who accomp. his father in most of his voyages, in 1802 made, by- order of the French' govt., a voyage to Amer. to examine theproductionsof the States beyond the Alleghanies. In 1804 he pub. "A Journey to the West of the Alleghany Mountains ; " to which was added " A Memoir on the Natural- ization of the Forest-Trees of N. Amer.," &c. In 1806 he was again sent to collect such seeds as he thought might be successfully introduced into France. His " N. Amer. Sylva," transl. by Hillhouse, with notes by J. j. Smith, was pub. 3 vols. 8vo, Phila. 1850. Middleton, Arthcr, statesman of S.C, son of Edward (b. Twickenham, Eng.), a member of the council in 1680, was active in public affairs as early as 1712. Possessing property and talents, he exerted all his in- fluence on the popular side, and in 1719 headed the revol. which substituted for the proprietary govt, the immediate protection of the crown. He presided over the popular convention, and was spokesman in the proceedings by which 619 the gov. was formally deposed by the popular govt. Gov. of the Colony from 1725 to 1731 ; he was afterwards in the council. His ailminis- iration was marked by war and nesotiations with the Spaniards of Florida and the French of La. His son Thomas disting. himself in 1761 in com. of a provincial regt. against the Cherokees. Another son, Henry, was prcs. of Congress 1774-5. Middleton, Artucr, a signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. at the family-seat on Ashley River, 174.3; d. Jan. 1, 1788. Grandson of the preceding, and son of Henry. He was educated at Harrow and Westminster schools ; graduating at Cambridge U. in 1764. After his marriage with the dan. of Walter Izard, he revisited Europe, and made a tour of two years on the Continent. Beturning in 1773, lie became a planter ; a prominent Revol. leader ; a most efficient member of the council of safety; and in 1776 one of the committee to prepare the State constitution ; delegated to Congress in 1776-7; declined the governorship of S.C. in 1778; took arms in the defence of Charleston in 1779; saw his plantation dev- astated by the British ; was made prisoner on the fall of Charleston in 1780; his estate was sequestered, and he was imprisoned at St. Augustine, and thence transferred to the Jersey prison-ship ; exchanged in July, 1781 ; he was again a member of Congress 1781-3 ; and was afterwards in the State senate. Skilled as a stenographer, he took down many of the de- bates in which he participated. Under the signature of "Andrew Marvell " he wrote some effective political essays. Arthur, his grandson (son of Henry, min. to Russia), 8 years sec. of legation in Sp.iin, b. S.C. 28 Oct. 1795, d. Naples, Italy, June 9, 18.53. H.U. 1814. Married at Rome the Countess Benti- Middleton, Chrfstopher, an English arctic navigator ; d. Jan. 24, 1770. He sailed from Eng. in May, 1741; and, after having passed the winter at the entrance of Churchill's River in Hudson Bay, he proceeded to Wager River, and penetrated towards the west as far as 88 degrees. He then steered to the north- west, and reached a bay, which he called Re- pulse Bay, in consequence of being prevented by the land and ice from making farther prog- ress. On the 9th of Aug. he sailed back to Eng., where a violent controversy took place between him and Arthur Dobbs, a gentleman of fortune, at whose instance Middleton had undertaken the exped. Further researches \indicated the reputation of Middleton, who was, in consequence, presented with a medal, and elected a member of the Royal Soi'iety. Middleton, Henry, statesman, son of Arthur the signer, b. 1771; d. Charleston, S.C, 14 June, 1846. Member of the legisl. 1801-10; gov. 1810-12; M.C. in 1815-19; and minister to Russia 1820-31. A man of great liberalitv. His son Henry, b. Paris, 1797 (West Point, 1815), studied law, and was adm. to the Charleston bar in 1822, but never practised. He pub. " The Government and the Currency," 1850, and many pamphlets on piilitics, polit. economy, &c. Middleton, Joh.v Izard, second son of Arthur the si; d. Paris, Nov. He resided at Paris during the last 25 years of his life, and was an intimate in the circles of Mmes. De Staiil and Recamier. His work on " The Cyclopean Walls " (fol. Lond. 1812) shows great acquirements in classical literature and the details of art. r'ETER, M.D., physician, b. Edin- burgh. He made with Dr. Bard, in 1750, tha first dissection on record in America, and was one of the most disting. medical men in N.Y. in the middle of the last century. In 1767 he aided in establishing a new med. school in N.Y., of which he was app. first prof, of physi- ology and pathology, and was the instructor in materia medica 1767-76; gov. of King's Coll.,N.Y., 1775. In the Med. Repos., vol. ix., is an able letter by him on the Croup. He also pub. in 1769 " Historical Inquiries into the Ancient and Present State of Medecine." — Thacher. Mifflin, Thomas, major-gen., b. Phila. 1744; d. Lancaster, Pa., Jan. 21, 1800. Of Quaker parentage. Educated in Phila. Coll. and in a counting-house. He visited Europe in 1765, and, soon after his return, entered into partnership with an elder bro. ; and such was his reputation ami intluence, that in 1772 he was chosen to the legisl. ; was re-elected in the following year, with Dr. Franklin; and in 1774 was a delegate to the first Congress. App. a major of one of the first regis, raised in Phila., he accomp. Washington to Cambridge as aide- de-camp (with the rank of col.) ; in Aug. was made qmr.-gen. ; adj. -gen. shortly afterwards ; brig.-gen. May 16, 1776 ; maj.-gen. Feb. 19, 1777. He com. the covering-party during the retreat from L.I. ; and was active in arousing the militia of his State, which he traversed, making patriotic addresses, and in bringing aid to Washington before the battles of Tren- ton and Princeton. In the gloomy period succeeding the campaign in N. J., Gen. Mif- flin did not attempt to conceal his discontent, and, after the battle of Germantown, resigned his commission of qmr.-gen. on the ground of ill-health, but was at the same time chosen a member of the new board of war. He was one of the chief conspirators engaged in the Conway cabal, and continued to cherish an unfriendly disposition towards the com. in chief. In Nov. 1782 he was elected a delegate to Congress; was chosen pres. in 1783 ; mem- ber and speaker of the State legisl. in 1785; a delegate to the convention to frame the Federal Constitution in 1787; pres. of the supreme exec.councilof Pa. fromOct. 1788 to Oct. 1790; pres. of the convention which formed the State constitution 1790; from 1791 to 1800 gov. of the State; and finally died a member of the legisl. He assisted in quelling the Whiskey Insurrection in 1794; making a circuit through the lower counties, publicly addressing the militia on the crisis of affairs. — Siinpnon. Mignot, Lonis B., landscape-painter, b. S.C. Left N.Y. City, where he had long been prosperously established, at the outbreak of the Rebellion ; and has been a successful paint- er in Lond. He is a remarkable delineator of 620 RTir. tropical atmosphere and vegetation. Among his pictures are " The Source of the Susque- hanna," " Evening in the Tropics," " Holland Winter-Scene," and " Southern Harvest." — Tuckerman. Milbum, WiLWAM Henry (" the blind preacher "), an eloquent clergyman, b. Phila. Sept. 26, 1823. In 1827 his father moved to Jacksonville, 111. William had partially lost his sight in childhood, but was an indefatiga- ble student, and studied a while in 111. Coll. ; but at the age of 20 gave up from ill-health, and engaged as a Meth. itinerant preacher. In 1846 he became chaplain to Congress, where he was engaged for 10 sessions; in 1848 he was established in Ala., first at Montgomery, afterward at Mobile. He removed to N.Y. in 18.54, and became a popular lecturer. In 1859 he delivered lectures in the principal cities of Eng. to crowded audiences. He subsequently joined the Episc. Church. His " Ten Years of Preacher-Life " was pub. 1859 ; " Pioneers and People of the Mississippi Valley," 1860; " Rifle, A.xe, and Saddle-Bags," 1857." — Duiickinck. Miles, Dixon S.,co1. U.S.A., b. Md. 1803 ; killed at Harper's Kerry, Va., Sept. 16, 1862. West Point, 1824. Adj. May, 1830, to 1836; capt. 8 June, 1836 ; assist, quarterm. 1839-45 ; brev. major for defence of Fort Brown, May 9, 1846; Com. his regt., and brev. lieat.-col. for gal- lantry, at Monterey, Mex. ; maj. 5th Inf. Feb. 16, 1847; military and civil gov. ■ of Jalapa, Mex., July, 1848; com. in Gila exped., and disting. in conflicts with Indians of N. Mex- ico, June 27, 1857 ; and in several conflicts with Navajoes, N. Mex., Sept. 1858; lieut.- col. 3d Inf Apr. 15, 1851 ; col. 2d Inf. Jan. 19, 1859. In the battle of Bull Run he com. the 5th division in reserve. In Sept. 1862 he was intrusted with the important com. of Harper's Ferry. One of his subordinates abandoned Maryland Heights ; and, on the ap- proach of the enemy in force, he surrendered the post with nearly 12,000 men. Miles, Henbt Adolphcs, D.D. (B.U. 1850), b. Grafton, Ms., 30 May, 1809. B.U. 1829. Many years sec. Amer. Unit. Assoc. ; formerly settled over a Unit. Church at Lowell. Has pub. " Lowell as it Was and Is," 2d ed. 1847 ; " Genealogy of the Miles Family," 1840 ; and a discourse before the A. and Hon. Art. Co., 5 June, 1843. Miles, James Warlet, scholar, b. Charles- ton, S.C., ab. 1819. S.C. Coll. He took holy orders, and became a missionary to the East, acquiring the Oriental tongues. On his return he became assist, rector of St. Michael's, Charleston, which he gave up for the profess- orship of Greek and history in the Charleston Coll. Visiting France and Germany for his health, he studied philology and philos. at Berlin, ami, returning after two years' absence, became librarian of the Charleston Coll. He has contrib. vigorous articles for the Southern Review ; and pub. " Philosophic Theology," 1849, and a number of addresses. He has also written fugitive poems of merit. — Duyc- kinck. Miles, Nelson A., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Wachusettville, Ms., 8 Aug. 1839. Re- ceived a fair education, and at 17 entered a store in Boston. He entered the service as 1st lieut. 22d Ms. Oct. 1861 ; was disting. and wounded at Fair Oaks ; also disting. at Charles City Cross-Road and at Malvern ; acted asadj.-gen. 1st brigade, Istdiv. 2d corps, from Fair Oaks to Harrison's Landing ; was, 30 Sept. 1862, made col. 61st N.Y., which he led at Fredericksburg ; and was carried from the field of Chancelloisville (as was supposed) fa t;il- ly wounded ; com. the I st brig. Istdiv. 2d corps in the Richmond campaign of 1864; was made brig.-gen. 12 May, 1864 ; and brev. maj.- gen. for gallantry at Reams's Station, Dec. 1864 ; maj.-gen. 21 Oct. 1865 ; col. 40th inf. 28 July, 1866 ; transf. to 5th Inf. 15 Mar. 1869 ; brev. brig, and maj.-gen. 2 Mar. 1867. Miles, Pliny, b. Watertown, N.Y., 1818 ; d. Malta, 6 April, 1865. Well known by his letters from abroad under the signature of " Communipaw." Was the author of " Senti- ments of Flowers;" "Statistical Register," 8vo, 1848; "Art of Memory," 8vo, 1848; " Rambles in Ireland," 1854 ; " Ocean Steam- Navigation," 1857 ; "Postal Reform, its Ur- gent Necessity and Practicability," 1855. To this subject he devoted his later years. In his early years he was a schoolmaster. Miles, Richard Pids, R. C. bishop of Nashville, consec. Sept. 16, 1838; d. Feb. 1, 1860. Milfort, Le Clero, a French adventurer, who in his youth came to Amer. ; travelled through the Colonies, and ab. 1776 attached himself to MacGillivray, the Creek chief, wbose sister he married ; was made a war chief by the Indians ; and served actively against the patriots of Ga. during the Revol. In 1796, after having lost his wife and his bro.-in-law MacGillivray, he returned to France, and was made a gen. of brigade by Bonaparte. In 1814 he disting. himself by a gallant defence of his own house in Rheims against a party of Russians, and died soon after. He pub. in France an interesting memoir of his resi- dence among the Creeks, " S^jours dans la Nation Creek," 8vo, Paris, 1802. Millard, David, clergyman, b. Ballston, N.Y., Nov. 24, 1794. The" son of a Revolu- tionary soldier. He was brought up on a farm, and became a teacher at the age of 17. In 1815 he became a minister; and was settled in West Bloomfield, N. Y., from 1818 to 1832: in Portsmouth from 1837 to 1840; visited the Mediterranean and the East in 1841 ; and was some years a prof in the Meadville Theol. School, Pa. He pub. " The True Mes.siah in Scripture Light," 1818; " Travels in Egypt, Arabia Petrsea, and the Holy Land," 1843; and edited a monthly mag., the Gospel Lvmi- nari/. Milledge, John, soldier and statesman, b. Savannah, 1757 ; d. at the Sand Hills, Feb. 9, 1818. He descended from one of the early settlers of the Colony; was brought up in the office of the king's at'ty. ; at the commencement of the Revolution espoused the cause of the Colonies ; and was one of the party which made Gov. Wright prisoner, June 17, 1775. He was at the siegesof Savannah and Augusta; served frequently iu the legisl. ; was in 1 780 app. atty.-gen. of the State; gcv. in 1802-6; M.C. 1 792-1802, excepting one term ; anJ U.S. sena- torI806-9; pres. pro. (cm. 1809. In 1802 he, with James Jackson and Abraham Baldwin, were commits, for ceding to the U.S. certain por- tions of the territory of Ga. He was tlie prin- cipal founder of the U. of Ga., and presented the land which forms its site. His memory was honored by an act of the leglsl., calling the capital of the State Milledgeville. Milledoler, Philip, D.D., clergyman of the D. R. Church, b. Farmington, Ct., Sept. 22, 1775; d. Staten Island, Sept. 22, 1852. Col. Coll. 1793. Of Swiss parentage, he be- came disting. as a scholar while at Edinburgh, particularly in the application of chemistry to the pursuits of life. The Highland Agric. Society having offered a premium of 50 sover- eigns for the best analysis of oats, he was the successful competitor. In May, 1795, he be- came minister of the Ref. Church iuN. Y. ; oiEciated in Rutgers-street Collegiate Church, N.Y. ; in 1825-35 was pres. of Rutgers Coll., N. J., being prof, of moral philos. at the same time. He was one of the founders of the Bible Society; was an industrious scholar; and pub. lectures, addresses, essays, and treatises. Miller, Edward, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1784), physician and medical writer, b. Dover, Del., 9 May, 1760; d. N. Y. City 17 Mar. 1812. Son of Rev. John, 43 years Presb. pastor of Dover, who d. July, 1791 . He received a clas- sical education ; studied medicine ; was sur- geon's mate in the Rcvol. army in 1780 ; and surgeon in an armed ship in 1781-2 ; practised successfully in Dover, until in 1796 he removed to N.Y. City, where, with Drs. Mitchell and Smith, he founded, in Aug. 1797, the Med. Re- pository, the first work of the kind in America, continued till his death. Its conductors were members of a Friendly Club, which also in- cluded William Dunlap, Brockden Brown, Anthony Bleecker, and James Kent. Made resident physician of N.Y. in 1803, he pub. a treatise of 'great merit on the Yellow-Fever; app. prof, of the practice of physic in the U. of N.Y. in Mar. 1807, and in 1809 clinical lecturer in the N.Y. Hospital. He received professional honors from all quarters ; had a large corresp. wiih men of letters in both hemispheres; and assisted his bro. Samuel in preparing his "Ret- rospect of the 18th Century." He was a con- spicuous advocate of temperance, and opposed the use of tobacco. His medical writings, with a Memoir, were pub. by his bro., S. Miller, Svo, 1814. Miller, Elihd Spexcer, prof, in the Law School of the U. of Pa., b. Princeton, N.J., 1817. N.J. Coll. 18.36. Son of Rev. Samuel. Author of " Law of Partition by Writ in Pa.," &c., Svo, 1847; "Caprices," a coll. of poems, 12mo, 1849. Editor of Serjeant on the Law of Mechanics, Svo, 1856. — 4/W)o«e. Miller, Gen. Henry, Revol. officer, b. near Lancaster, Pa., Feb. 13, 1751, d. Car- lisle, Pa., Apr. 5, 1824. He studied law, and began praciiee ; but, on the breaking-out of the war, marched to Boston as a lieut. ; rose to lie col. ; performed important services during the campaign in N. J. ; had two horses killed under him at Monmouth ; was in many battles during the war; was qnarterm.-gen. in the Western exped. ; and com. a brigade of militia for the defence of Baltimore in the war of 1812. He was a merchant of Baltimore ; afterward pro- thonotary of Perry Co.; and supt. of revenue for the dist. of Pa. Miller, Gen. James, b. Peterborough, N.H., Apr. 25, 1776; d. Temple, N.H., July 7, 1851. He was bred to the law; but entered the army as major 4th Inf. July 8, 1 808 ; app. licut.-col. 5th Inf. Nov. 30, 1810; brcv. col. for disting. service at Brownstown, Aug. 9, 1812, where he commanded ; disting. in capture of Fort George, U.C, May 27, 1813; col. 21st Inf. Mar. 9, 1814; brevet brig.-gen. for dis- ting. service at Niagara Falls, July 25, 1814; received a. gold medal, "with suitable emblems and devices," presented " in testimony of the high sense entertained by Congress of his gal- lantry and good conduct in the several conflicts of Niagara'and Erie," Nov. 3, 1 814. Gov. of Arkansas from March, 1819, to March, 1825; and coll. of the port of Salem in 1825-49. His son James F., commodore U.S.N, (b. 1803, d. Charlestown, Ms., 11 July, 1868), entered the navy in 1826, became commo.inlS66, and saw service in the Mexican war. Miller, James William, poet and miscel- laneous writer, d. W. Indies, 1829, a. 27. His early life was passed in a variety of occupa- tions. After studying law, he engaged in lite- rary pursuits in Boston, but went to the West Indies in 1828, and obtained a grant of land from the Spanish govt. He was for a short time assoc. with John Neal in the editorship of the Yanl-ee, and contrib. in verse to this and other periodicals. A vol. of his Poems and Sketches was collected and pub. at Boston, 12mn, 18.30. Miller ("Joaquin"), Cincinnatus Hi- ker, poet, has been successively a Cal. miner, propr. of a pony-express over the mountains, editor of a Democ. paper in Eugene City, Ore- gon (his father's home), atty. at law in Canyon City, and county judge of Grant Co. He m. ab. 1 863 a young lady named Minnie Myrtle, known as a writer of verses, from whom he sep. in 1870, and has since resided in London. A vol. of his poems, " Songs of the Sierras," was pub. there in 1871. Miller, Rev. John, M.A., chaplain to the troops in N.Y. 1 692-5. Author of " Description of the Pro^'ince and City of N.Y., &c., in 1695," pub. London, Svo, 1843, and, with Introd. and Notes by J. G. Shea, N.Y. Svo, 1862. Miller, John, statesman ; d. near Flori- sant. Mo., March 18, 1846. Lient.-col. 17th Inf. March 12 ; col. 19th Inf. July 6, 1812; disting. in com. of detachment from the army in Fort Meigs, destroying enemy's batteries. May 5, 1813 ; resigned Feb. 10, 1818. Register of pub- lic lands in Howard Dist., Mo., some years. Edited IVestem Herald, at SteubenviUe, 0., un- til 1 825. Gov. of Mo. 1 826-32 ; M.C. 1 837^3. Miller, Samuel, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1804), LL.D. (Wash. Coll., Pa.), scholar and divine, b. Dover, Del., Oct. 31, 1769; d. Princeton, N. J., Jan. 7, 1850. U. of Pa. 1789. Son of Rev. John, a native of Boston, who early set- ]VIIL 622 tied as a Presb. clersvman in Del. ; and bro. of Edward Miller, M^D. From 1793 to 1813 he was minister of a Presb. church in N. Y. City, acquiring much reputation as a theolo- gian and a polemical writer; and in 1813-49 was prof, of eccl. hist, and chnrch eovt. in the Thcol. Sem. at Princeton, N.J. Author of " A Brief Retrospect of the Eighteenth Century," 2 vols. 8vo, 1803; "Letters on the Constitu- tion and Order of the Christian Ministry," which originated a controversy between him and Rev. John Bowdcn on the subject, 1807; a discourse before the N.Y. Hist. Soc, of which he was 9 years corresp. sec, on the cliscnv. of N.Y. by Hudson, 1809; "Memoirs of Rev. John Rodgers," 8vo, 1813 ; " Infant-Baptism," 12mo, 1840; " Letters on TJnitarianism," 8vo, 1821; "Letters on Clerical Manners and Habits," 1827; " Presb vterianism Truly Prim- itive," &c., 12mo, 1840; "On the Eternal Sonship of Christ," 1 :'23 ; " Memoir of Rev. Charles Nesbit, D.D.," 1840; besides numer- ous occasional sermons, and a " Life of Jona- than Edwards " in Sparks's " American Biog- raphy." He was an early member of the Amor. Philos. Society, and a con-esp. member of the Ms. Hist. Society.— 5ec Memoir of Bev. S. Mil- ler, b:/ Samuel Miller, 1 859 ; Sprague. Miller, Samuel IT., app. judge U.S. Sup. Court 16 July, 1862, b. Richmond, Kv., 5 Apr. 1816. U. of Transylv. Took the degree of M.D., and practised medicine a few jfears ; then adopted the law ; became an emancipationist in 1848; and in 1850 settled in Iowa, where he became a Repub. leader, declining a'l offices, and attending wholly to his profession. Miller, Stephen D., statesman, b. Wax- haw Settlement, S.C., May, 1787; d. Raymond, Mpi., March 8, 1838. S.C. Coll. 1808. He adopted the profession of the law ; was M.C. 1819-20; member S.C. senate 1822; gov. of S.C. in 1828-30; and U.S. senator in 1831-3. Miller, Stephen Franks, lawyer and au- thor, b. N.C. In his youth he removed to Ga. ; was adm. to the bar at 21, soon after which the legisl. elected him solicitor-gen. of the South'"rn Circuit. Engaging afterwards in hi; prof, in Ala., a severe bronchial affection com- pelled him to engage in other avocations ; and m 1840-7 ho edited the Monitor, a Wliig journal, at Tuscaloosa. In 1848 and 9 he was associ- ated in the editorial management of De Bow's Review and the Daili/ Commercial Times in N. Orleans. His health failing, he removed to Ogletliorpe Co., Ga. Author of " The Bench and Bar of Georgia," 2 vols. Svo, Pliila. 1858; " Wylkins Wylder, or the Successful Man," 1860; and a "Memoir of fen. David Black- shear." Miller, Wilj-iam, the prophet of the Mil- Icrites, b. Pittsfield, Ms., 1781 ; d. Hampton, N.Y., Dec. 20, 1849. During the last war with Eng. he served as a capt. of vols, on the North- em frontier. He began to speak in public as- semblies upon the subject of the millennium in 1833 ; and for 10 years labored assiduously in the Middle and Northern States. He was un- educated ; yet he succeeded in building up a sect of some thirty or forty thousand 'disciples, which disappeared rapidly after the close of, the " day of probation " in 1843. Mills, Abraham, LL.D. (Mad. U.), au- thor, b. Duchess Co., N.Y., 1796; d. N. York City, 8 July, 1867. Educated at an acad. He established himself in New York, where he was a teacher of and lecturer on rhetoric and belles- lettres. Author of " English Literature," 1851; " Greek Literature," 1853 ; "Lectures on Rhet- oric and Belles-Lettres," 1854 ; " Compendium of the History of the Ancient Hebrews," 1856. He pub. also a lecture on " Literature and Literary Men of Great Britain.' Mills, Clark, sculptor, b. unonaaga N.Y., Dec. I, 1815. While a child, he lost his ^ 4' ' Onondaga Co., parents. He learned the trade of a plasterer, -i which he foUowed 9 years in Charleston, S.C. * '^ From the age of 22 he manifested a taste for sculpture; and in 1846 finbhed a bust of Calhoun, which adorns the City Hall of Charles- ton. His equestrian statue of Gen. Jackson, cast in Oct. 1852, was inaug. Jan. 8, 1853, and stands in Lafayette Square, Washington, near the President's house. During the next session, $50,000 was appropriated by Congress for a colossal equesman statue of Washington, to be executed by him : this statue, which is some- what larger than that of Jackson, was inaug. at Washington Feb. 22, 1 860. Mr. Mills's next employment was the casting of a colossal statue of Liberty, from a design by Crawford ; finished in 1863 : it now crowns the dome of the Capitol. Mills, Robert, engineer and architect of S.C, d. Washington, D.C., 3 Mar 1855. Ar- chitect of the US. P.O., Treasury, and Patent- office buildings. Author of " Amer. Pharos, or Light-house Guide," 8vo, 1832 ; " Statistics of S.C," Svo, 1826 ; "Atlas of S.C," fol. 1826 ; "Guide to the Nat. Exec. Offices, Washington," 1842. MiUs, Samcel Johtj, "The Father of Foreign Missions in America," b. Torringford, Ct., Apr. 21, 1783; d. at sea, Juno 18, 1818. Wms. Coll. 1 809. Son of the eccentric clergy- man of Torringford of the same name ( 1 743- 1 833 ) . At the And. Theol. Sem. he was active in disseminating his project, which resulted in the app. of a "Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions ; " in the embarkation of Rev. Messrs. Hall, Nott, Judson, Rice, and Newell, for Calcutta, in Feb. 1812; and the establishment of missions in Ceylon, the Sand- wich Islands, &c. Ord. June21, 1815, and made two tours through the Southern and Western States with Messrs. Schcrmerhorn and Smith, of which he pub. an account, Andover, Svo, 1815. On liis return he originated the Amer. Bible Society, formed in N.Y. May 8, 1816; and was instrumental in the formation of the Amer. Colonization Society, Jan. 1, 1817 ; app. its agent to explore the west coast of Africa for a suitable site for the colony, he reached its coast, March 12, 1818; explored the country; and embarked for the U.S., via England, May 22, but died on the passage. His Memoirs have been pub. by Gardiner Spring, D.D., Svo, 1820. Milmore, Martin, sculptor, b. Boston, 1845, Entered Ball's studio in July, 1860, and has produced an alto-relief, "Prosphor; " a stat- uette of "Devotion ; " busts of Longfellow, Sum- ner, Geo. Ticknor, Gen. Thayer, and an ideal of " Miranda ; " statues of Ceres, Flora, and P,omo]ja, in Horticultural Hall, Boston ; and ;-y MIL 623 ; at Forest Hills, commemorating, by tlie city of Roxbury, her sons who fell dur- ing the Rebellion. Now (1871) engaged upon a similar work for the city of Boston, to be placed on Boston Common. — Tuchennan. Milnor, James, D.D. (U. of Pa.), clergy- man, b. Phila. June 20, 1773 ; d. N.Y. Apr. 8, 1S45. U. ofPa. He studied law ; commenced practice in 1794; removed to Phila. in 1797; soon attained a prominent position ; and was M.C.inlSU-13. Ord.tothe ministry in 1814; officiated in Pa. ab. two years ; and was from 1816 to liis death rector of St. George's Church. He was an efficient supporter of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, and of the Bible and Tract Societies. He pub. a few addresses and occasional sermons. — See " Memoirs of the Life of James Milnor," by J. S. Stone, D.D., N.Y."l848. Milns, William, teacher and dramatist; d. Boston Mar. 1801, a. 40. He had been a teacher in N.Y. and Boston. Author of some plays, — " The Comet," "All in a Bustle," and "A Flash in the Pan." Milroy, Gi;n-. Robert H., b. Ind. ab. 1814. He studied law; was adm. to the bar; served as capt. 1st Ind. Vols, in the Mexican war; entered the service in 1661 as brig.-gen. Ind. Vols. ; served in Western Va. under McClellan and Rosecrans; com. the forces engaged at Can-ick's Ford ; and was app. brig.- gen. vols. Sept. 3, 1861 ; he served under Fre- mont and Sigel, and in the 2d battle of Bull Run; maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; he com. ab. 8,000 men at Winchester, where he was at- tacked 15 June, 1863, and retreated, losing nearly half his force. Milton, Gex. Homer Virgil, Revol. officer; d. Jeff. Co., Ga., May, 1822. Maj. 3d U.S. Inf. Mav, 1808; lieut.-col. 6th Inf. 3 Sept. 1810; col. 3d Inf. 15 Aug. 1S13; re- signed 30 Nov. 1814. Mina (mee'-na), Xaviek, a Spanish offi- cer, b. Navarre, 1789. Nephew of the celebrat- ed Spanish guerilla chief; undertook to liberate Mexico, which he entered in Apr. 1817 with a small force. He gained several victories, but was captured and shot at Mexico, 11 Nov. 1817. Miner, Alonzo Ames, D.D. (H.U. 1863), Universalist clergyman, b. Lempster, N.H., 17 Aug. 1814. Grandson of Charles, a Revol. sol- dier, who was 6th in dcsc. from Thos. of Boston, 1630. Brought up on a farm, and received an academical education ; principal of the Scient. and Milit. Acad, of Unity, N.H., 1 835-9. Ord. June, 1 839 ; settled at Mcthuen, Ms. ; and over the 2d Church of Lowell, July, 1842 ; also edit- ing the Star ofBetldehrm ; chosen coll. of Mr. Ballou (2d Church, Boston) 1 May, 1848, where he still continues; since 1852, and till recently', has been sole pastor ; pres. of Tufts ColL since July, 1862 ; a leader m antislavery and temperance reform, and disting. as a lec- turer on these topics. Contrib. to Rose of Sharon, and to the Ladies' Repository. Miner, Charles, editor and M.C. (1825- 9), b. Norwich, Ct., ab. 1800 ; d. Wilkesliarre, Ct., Oct. 26, 1865. Emigrating at 19 to tlic Wyoming Valley, he became popular as a printer, and editor of the Luzerne Federalist, then of the Gleaner ; was afterward assist, edi- tor of the PoUlieal and Commercial Register of Phila.; and subsequently, with his hro., estab- lished in West Chester the I'lV/aje Record, where, over the signature of " John Harwood," he made the paper very popular. He revived the silk-growing interest, and wrote the able report introduced by Gen. Van Rensselaer as chairman of the Congressional com. on agri- culture. Author of a " History of Wyoming," 8vo, 1 845. To the Gleaner he contrib. the cele- brated essays entitled " From the Desk of Poor Robert the Scribe." Miner, Thomas, M.D., b. Middletown, Ct., Oct. 15, 1777; d. Worcester, Ms., April 23, 1841. Y.C. 1796. Pres. Ct. Med. Soc. 1834-7. He practised first at Middletown, and was a founder of the Yale Med. Institute, and of the Ct. Retreat for the Insane. In 1 823, iu connection with Dr. Wm. Tally, he pub. " Essays upon Fevers and other Medical Sub- jects ;'" in 1825 he pub. an account of Typhus Syncopalis. Dr. Miner contrib. to the period- icals of the day biographical sketches of dis- tinguished physicians of Ct., medical essays, and translations from French medical works. Dr. Williams has pub. his Autobiography. Minns, Tho.mas, pub. of the Mercury, and editor of the N.E. Palladium, 1792-1828; d. Boston, 4 Apr. 1836, a. 62. Minor, Benjamin Blake, b. Tappahan- nock, Va., 1818. Educated at U. of Va., and Wm. and Mary Coll. (1838). Editor of new editions of Wythe's " Reports," with a Memoir, and of Hening and Mumford's "Reports Sup. Ct. of Appeals." Some years editor and pro- prietor Soulhem Lit. Messenger. — Allibone. Minor, Lhcian, b. Louisa Co., Va., 1802. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1823. Atty.-gen. of Va. for Louisa Co. 1828-52. Has pub. many ad- dresses, &c. ; contrib. to the Southern Lit. Mes- senger, &c. ; author of a large portion of what relates to the civil duties of a J. P. in Davie's "Guide to Justices;" added notes and preface to Call's " Va. Reports ; " and has condensed the 4 vols, of Hening and Mumford into one, adding subsequent decisions and enactments. His best known tract, " Reasons for abolishing the Liquor-Traffic," had a sale of 30,000. — Allihone. Minor, William Thomas, LL.D. (Wesl. U. 185.-)), lawver, gov of Ct. 1856-8 ; b. Woodbury, Ct." 3 Oct. 1815. Y.C. 1834. 8 years in the State Icgisl. Consul-gen. to Il.a- vana 1864-7; judge Sup. Court of Ct. Minot, George, lawver, b. Haverhill, Ms., Jan. 5, 1817; d. Reading, Ms., Apr. 16, 1858. H.U. 1836. Son ot Judge Stephen. After completing his legal studies with Rufus Choate, he was adm. to the Suflilk bar in Apr. 1839 ; opened an office in Boston, and ro.se rapidly to distinction. Editor for 10 years of the U.S. Statutes at Large ; rendered valuable aid to Mr. Peters in the preparation of the first 8 vols, of the statutes pub. in 1848; reported the decisions of Judge Woodbury ; and pub. an edition of the 9 vols, of Eng. Admiralty Re- ports in 1854. In 1844 he edited the valuable " Digest of the Decisions of the Sup. Ct. of Ms.," to which he added a Supplement in 1852. — Necrology of H.U. Minot, Geobge Richards, judge, and 624 man of lutters, b. Boston 2S Dec. 1758; d. there2 Jan. 1802. H.U. 1778. Ad m. to the bar in 1781 ; practised law successfully in Boston ; clerk of the house of reps. 1782-91 ; sec. of the convention which adopted the U. S. Constitution; apj). jiid;;e of probate 1792 forSuffollcCo.; chief justice C.C.P. 1799; and judge of the Municipal Court of Boston, 1800-2. A founder of the Ms. Hist. Roc, and editor of 3 vols, of its Collections. He deliv- ered the Oration at Boston 5 Mar. 1782; a Fu- neral Eulogvon Washington in 1800; an Ad- dress to theCharitableFire Soc. in 1795; was the author of a " Hist, of the Insurrection in Ms." in 178G, and of a continuation of Hutchinson's "Hist, of Ms.," 2 vols. 1798- 1802, besides many fugitive pieces in the mag- azines ami newspapers. His son William (II U. 1802) has kmu' been an eminent lavvv..r of Boston. — .sVf ,1/. «««>/». l/s. Hist. Coll!,, viii. Minto, Walter. LL.D., mathematician, b. Scotland, Sept. 6, 175.3 ; d. Princeton, N.J., Oct. 21,1796. U. of Edinburgh. He became tutor of the two sons of George Johnstone, M.P., comniiss. to this country 1778, and with thrni iiavcllcd .iver Europe. He came to Aiih I- 111 i:-i,, ami was prof, of math, in the CmII. nl X.,1 iinin 1787 to 1796. He pub. an '■IiKiiii; Address on the Mathematical Scien- ces," 1788; a work stating the claim of Napier as the discoverer of logarithms; a demonstra- tion of the path of the new phiiiet ; and re- searches into some parts of the thcoiv of the planets, 8vo, 1783. — Prinrrton Mivj. i. 38-47. Minturn, Robert Bowne, merchant and philanthro|)ist, b. N.Y. City, Nov. 16, 18o5; d. there Jan. 9, 1866. He received a good edu- cation, but at 14 lost his father, and entered a counting-house. In 1825 he was admitted a partner in the house of Mr. Charles Green ; and in 1830 to the house of Fish and Grinnell, since widely known as " Grinnell, Minturn, and Co." He was one of the first comniiss. of emi- gration ; an originator of the As>ociation tor improving the Condition of the Poor; and one of the founders of St. Luko Hospital. During the Rebellion, the state of his health compelled him to go to Europe, where all his energies were exerted in behalf of his country. Pres. of the Union League Club until his death. Minty, Gen. Robert H. G., b. Mayo, Ire- land, 4 Dec. 1831. Served in the Brit, army in 1849-53; emig. to the U.S., and settled in Mich.; app. lieut.-col. 3d Mich. Cav. 1861; col. 4th. 21 July, 1862; brig. -gen. 1864; dis- ting. at New Madrid, Farmington, pursuit of Bragg, and in various minor engagements ; com. cav. brigade in 1863-5 ; disting. at Stone River, Chickamauga, and the Atlanta cam- paign ; was in Kilpatrick's celeb, raid around Atlanta, and on many other battle-fields. Minuit, Peter, first gov. of New Nether- lands, 1626-32 ; came from Wesel, Rhenish Prussia, ah. 1624. He had been deacon in the Walloon Church of Wesel, and was connected with prominent families there. — Hist. Mug. May, 1868. ilirabeau, Boniface RiQUETTi, Vicomte de, younger bro. of the celebrated orator, b. 1754 ; d. Friburg, Oct. 1792. Col. of the regt. Touraine, serving under Rochambeau in Amer- ica during the Revol. war. He was a man of wit and courage, and an opponent of the French revol., but was so bloated by drinking as to be nicknamed " Barrel Mirabeau." He emigrated in 1790, and joined the Royalist army on the Rhine. His celebrated brother was the author of " Considerations on the Order of Cincin- natns," 1784. Miramon, Miguel, a Mexican soldier, b. Mexico, 1830; executed as a traitor at Quere- taro, Mexico, June 19, 1867. Son of Gen. M., and was educated at the Chapultcpec Military Acad. He served under Alvarez ; was made prisoner by Comonfort.but succeeded in making his escape. Disting. for courage, rather than statesmanship, he became the nominal leader of the anti liberal and clerical party; and at- tained the supreme com. of the revol. forces during the civil war of 1 858-60. OnZuloaga's retirement from Mexico, Miramon became pres. While in this position, he forcibly took posses- sion of a large sura of money belonging to British bondholders, and brought about the Mon- Almonte treaty with Spain ; thus giving occasion for the intervention ofEng., France, and Spain in Mexico. He was defeated Aug. 13, 1860, and withdrew to Spain in 1861. Af- ter the accession of Maximilian, his petition to return was finally granted; and, joining the emperor, he was placed in high command. Miranda, Francisco, a Spanish-Amer. revolutionist, b. Caracas, of which province his grandfather was gov., ah. 1750; d. Cadiz, Spain, 1816. At 20 he travelled on foot through a great portion of America, and was afterwards a col. in the corps destined to act with our French auxiliaries in the Revol. war. Visit- ing the U.S. in 1783, he afterwards travelled on foot through Eng., France, Italy, and Spain. After an abortive attempt to free the Guati- nialans from the Spanish yoke, he fled to Eu- rope, presented his revol. projects to various courts; and in 1789 Catharine of Russia en- deavored to engage him in her service. Con- necting himself with the Girondists at Paris in 1792, he was sent on a mission to Eng. ; was a gen. of division, and second in com. in the army of Dumouriez; and acquired high repute as an engineerand tactician at the siege of Maestricht and the battleof Nerwinde, butwas imprisoned in consequence of his intrigues. Liberated in July, 1794, he was afterward ordered to leave France, but, returning, was in 1797, and again in 1804, expelled the country. In 1806-11 he was engaged in revol. projects in America, and in 1811 endeavored to establish a consular govt, at Caracas. Aided by citizens of Eng. and the U.S., he was gaining ground, when his plans were ruined by intestine disputes. Es- caping to Carthagena, he was delivered by Boli- var to the Spaniards, and passed the remainder of his days in a dungeon at Cadiz. He pos- sessed great energy and sagacity ; was bold, active, intelligent, and full of resources. — See Histon/ of his Attempt, ^c, Boston, 12mo, 1808. Missroon, John S., commo. U. S. N., b. S.C. 1810; d. Boston, 23 Oct. 1865. Midsh. 27 June, 1824; lieut. 31 Dec. 1833; com. 14 Sept. 1855 ; commo. 16 July, 1862 ; ordn. offi- cer at the Boston Navy- Yard 1862. Mitchell, Gen. David, Revol. officer, b. 625 1742; d. Jamaica, Cumb Co., Pa, 25 May, IS18. He was a soldier in Bouquet's exped. 1 764 ; was the friend of tlie Indian cliief Logan ; was in 27 Indian encounters; and was 23 times a representative in tlie Pa. legisl. Mitchell, David Bradie, lawyer and staiosman, b. Scotland, Oct. 22, 1766 ; d. Mil- Icd-evnie, Ga., Apr. 22, 1837. His uncle Dr. David Bradie, made prisoner at Savannah, d. from close confinement in a prisonship, leaving liis property to Mitchell, who arrived at Savan- nah in 1783 to take possession. He studied law; was in 179.5 elfcml 5,,li,-itni---, Cong, clergyman, and author, b. Chester, Ct., Dec. 29, 1794; d. Stratford, Ct., Apr. 28, 1870. Y.C. 1821. He studied 9 months at And. Tbeol. Sem. ; edited the Christian Spectator in 1824-9; began to preach in Newtown, Ct. ; was pastor of the 1st Church in Fairhaven, Ct., from Dec. 18.';o to Dec. 6,1836, and from that time till 1842 of the Edwards Church, North.mipton, Ms. He pub. " Principles and Practice of the Cong. Churches of N. Eng.," 16mo, 183S; "Notes from Over Sea," 2 vols. 8vo, 1844; " Scenes and Characters in College," 12mo, 1847; "My Mother, or Recollections of Ma- ternal Influence ; " " Rachel Kell ; " and " Prac- tical Church-Member," 1835. He also pub. occasional sermons and contrib. to periodicals and newspapers. Mitchel, John, an Irish adventurer, b. Co. Derry, 1815. He was for a time assoc. editor of the Dublin Nation, and then of the United Irishman, which, however, was soon suppressed by the Briti:.h govt. ; and Mitchel was banished for 14 years to Australia. He escaped in 1 834 ; came to New York ; afterward edited the South- em Citizen in Tenn.; and, during the Rebel- lion of 1861-5, edited the Richmond Exam- iner, one of the most virulent and scurrilous of the Secession journals. Mitchell, John Kearslet, M.D., phy- sician, b. Shepherdstown, Va., May 12, 1796 ; d. Phila. Apr. 4, 1838. U. of Pa. 1819. He made 3 voyages to China as surgeon, and set- tled in Phila. in 1822. In 1824 he lectured on the Institutes of Medicine and Phvsiology in the Phila. Institute; in 1826 he acccptcd'the chair of chemistry there; and in 1833 lectured in the Franklin Institute on Clicinistrv applied to the Arts. In 1841 he was called to 'the chair of the theory and practice of medicine in the Jefif. Jled. Coll. His services during seasons of pestilence, in the city hospital of Phila., were twice rewarded by municipal gifts. Author of " Indecision and other Poems," 1 839 ; " Popular Lectures on Scientific Subjects,^' which were translated into several foreign languages; and left a work, " On the Cryptogamous Origin of Malarious and Epidemical Fevers," and many valuable contribs. to the Amei-ican Journal of the Medical and Physical Sciences. A collec- tion of his essays, including a valuable paper on Animal Magnetism, was pub. in Phila. 1858. — Apphlon. Mitchell, Jonathan, minister of Cam- bridge, Ms., from Aug. 21, 1650, to his d. July 9, 1668; b. Halifax, Eng., 1624. II.U. 1647. His father Matthew brought liim to N.E. in 1635. Soon after Ws settlement, he had a con- troversy with Prcs. Dunster upon pedobaptism, which occasioned his removal from college ; he was a member of the synod at Boston in 1 662, the result of which was chiefly written by him; and was frequently called to eccl. councils- Ho possessed a retentive memory, and was a fer- vent and energetic preacher. He pub. some occasional pieces : a vol. of his sermons was pub Lond. 1677, 8vo. Mitchell, Maria, astronomer, b. Nan- tucket, Aug. 1,1818; a member of the Society MTT 626 MIX of Friends. From her father Wm. (who d. 2 Apr. 1869, a 75) she derived a fondness for astronomy, and became of material assistance to him in this pursuit, to which he was devot- ed ; she gave much time to the examination of nebula;, and the search for comets; Oct. 1, 1S47, she discovered a telescopic comet, for which she received a gold medal from the King of Denmark ; she was afterwards employed in observations connected with the coast-survey, and in the compilation of the nautical almanac. She is a member of the American Assoc, for the Advancement of Science, and also of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences, being the first female admitted to that body ; app. prof of astronomy at Vassar College soon after its opening in 1 865. Mitchell, Nahum, judge, b. E. Bridge- water, Ms., Feb. 12, 1769; d. Aug. 1, 1853. ■ H.U. 17S9. He taught school, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1792, and settled in the practice of the law in his native place. From 181 1 to 1821 he was jndge of the circuit C. C. P., and the two last years chief justice ; from 1798 to 181 2 representative in the (Jcneral Court; M.C. 1803-5; State senator 1813-14; member of the exec, council in 1814-20; state treasurer in 1822-7; and in 1839-40 State representative from Boston, where he then re- sided ; app. one of the commiss. for settling the boundary-lines between Ms. and R. I., and afterwards for settling the line between Ms. and Ct. ; was chairman of the commiss. for ex- ploring and surveying the country from Bos- ton to Albany for a railroad route, 1 827 ; and was librarian and treasurer of the Ms. Hist. Soc; he was also several years pres. of the Bible Society in Plymouth Co. He pub. a History of Bridgewater, Ms., 1840, 8vo; and a vol. of sacred music, entitled " The Bridge- water Collection." MiteheH, Ges. Ormsbt MacKnight, LLD. (Ham. Coll. 1S56), astronomer, b. Union Co., Ky.,/Aug. 28, ISlOt) d. Beaufoit, S C, Oct. 30, 1862. West Poirit, 1829. He received his .early education at Lebanon, O. ; assist, prof of mathematics at West Point in 1829-31 ; then studied law, and practised at Cincinnati until 1834; and was prof of mathe- matics, philos., and astronomy, in Cincinnati Coll., in 1834-44. In 1845 he proposed the es- tablishment of an observatory at Cincinnati, of which, when built, he became director. He visited Lond., Paris, and Munich, for the re- quisite apparatus. Adj. -gen. of Ohio 1847-8, chief engineer Ohio and Mpi. Railroad 1848- 9 and 1852-3. In 1859-61 he was director of the Dudley Observatory at Albany. He was very popular as an astronomical lecturer, and perfected instruments for recording right ascen- sions and declinations by electro-magnetic aid, and for the accurate measurement of large dif- ferences of declination. Aug. 9, 1861, he was made brig.-gen. of vols., and ordered to the dept. of the Ohio ; after the capture of Nash- ville, he made a forced march southward, seized the railroad between Corinth and Chattanooga, captured Huntsville, and occupied various porats in Northern Ala., for which he was made maj -gen Apr. 11, 1862 ; Sept. 17 he was made com. of the dept. of the South, and was making preparations for a vigorous campaign when he fell a victim to yellow-fever. He pub. " Planetary and Stellar Worlds ; " " Popular Astronomy;" "A Treatise on Algebra;" "Astronomy of the Bible," 1863 ; "The Orbs of Heaven," 8vo, 1851. July 1, 1846, he be- gan and continued for two years a periodical entitled the Sidereal Messeiiger. Mitchell, Gen. Robert B., gov. New Mexico since Nov. 1 865, b. Richland Co., O., 1828. Wash. Coll., Pa. He studied law, and was adm. to the bar. Served as 1 st lieut. of Ohio Vols, in the Mexican war; afterward resumid his profession; removed to Kansas in 1856, and took an active part with the free-state men in their struggle with the proslavery party; he was in the Terr, legisl. in 1857-8; treasurer from 1858 to 1861 ; adj.-gen. 1860-1 ; col. 2d Kansas Vols., and severely wounded at Wilson's Creek, and soon after raised a regt. of cavalry ; brig.-gen. Apr. 8, 1862, and placed in com. of the 13th division of Gen. Buell's army; and fought at Perryville, 8 Oct. 1862. Mitchell, Samuel Augustus, geogra- pher, b. Ct. 1 792 ; d. Phila. Dec, 20, 1 868. Some years of teaching led him to prepare better text- books of geography than those in use ; and his text-books, maps, and treatises became standard authorities. He also pub. " General View of the World," 8vo, 1846; "American Traveller;" " Universal Atlas," 1851. His various works, 24 in number, reached an annual sale of over 400,000 copies. Mitchell, S.Weib, M.D. (Jeff. Med. Coll. 1850), physician, son of Dr. J. K. Mitchell, b. Phila. IS'Feb. 1829. Particularly kno«-n by his researches respecting the venom of serpents, pub. in the Smithsonian Contrihs., and in the Memoirs of the Philos. Society; also "Re- searches on the Plivsiology of the Cerebellum," in AmcT. Jour. Hied. Science, A-pr. 1869. He pub., with Drs. Keen and Morehouse, " Ef- fects of Gunshot Wounds," &c., 1864; "Anat. and Physiol of Respiration in the Chelonia," in Smithsonian C'oiitribs., vol. 13; and "Five Essays on the Cryptogamous Origin of Ma- larious and Epidemic Fevers," 1 2mo. Mitchell, Stephen Mix, LL.D. {Y.C. 1807), jurist, b. Wethersfield, Dec. 20, 1743 ; d. there Sept. 30, 1835. Y.C. 1763. Hewastutor in the coll. 1766-9; commenced the practice of law in Wethersfield in 1772; was app. assoc. judge of the Hartford Co. Court in 1779; in 1790 was made pres. judge of that court; in 1795 judge of the Superior Court of Ct. ; chief justice of that court from 1807 till 1814; deleg. to the Old Congress in 1783, '85 ; U.S. senator 1793-5; and established in that body the title of Ct. to the " Western Reserve," Ohio. Mitehill, Samuel Latham, M.D. (U. of Edinb. 1786), LL.D., scientist, b. N. Hemp- stead, L.I., 20 Aug., 1764; d. N. Y. City, 7 Sept. 1831. He began his medical studies with his maternal uncle Dr. S. Latham, and Dr. BardofN.Y. After studying law, he was in 1788 a commiss. to treat with the Iroquois In- dians for the purchase of lands in Western N.Y. ; was a member of the N.Y. legisl. in 1790 ; and in 1792 became prof of chemistry, nat. hist., and philos., in Col. Coll.; in 1793-4, 327 -MON with R. R. Livingston and Simeon De Witt, he (bunded the Soc. lor the Promotion of Agri- culture, Manufactures, and the Useful Arts; and in 1796 pub. a report of his tour along the banks of the Hudson, establishing his fame here and in Europe ; in Aug. 1797, with Drs. E. Miller and E. H. Smith, he established the quarterly Med. Repositori/, which he edited 16 years. Again a member of the legisl. ; M.C. 1801-4 and 181&-13; and U.S. senator 1804- 9 ; prof, of nat. hist, in Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons 1808-20; of botany and materia medica 1820-6 ; and in 1826-30 was vi of S. Amer. were recognized ; and the bold declaration, known as the " Mon- roe Doctrine," was made to the world, — that European ni terference in respect to American States would not be tolerated. Vigorous ef- forts were also made to suppress the slave- trade ; pensions for the Revol. soldiers were voted ; and an acknowledgment was made of the great services of Lafayette. In 1831 he quitted his residence in Loudon Co., Va., and look up his abode with his son-in-law, Samuel L. Gouverneur. His wife, the dau. of Law- rence Kortwright, d. at his residence in Loudon Co., Va., Sept. 23, 1830. Montagu, George, admiral, b. Dec. 12, 1750; d. Dec. 24, 1829. Eldest son of Adm. John. Educated at the Royal Naval. Acad. Having attained the rank of post-captain in 1773, he was employed at the commencement of the American war in blockading the ports of Marblehead and Salem. He covered the embarkation of the army at the evacuation of Boston ; assisted in the evasion of Lord Dunmore and family, and at the taking of N.Y., where his vessel, " The Fowey," was stationed by Lord Howe as the advanced ship ; was in 1794 promoted to a flag ; in 1801 made a full admiral. Montoalm, Marquis de, Louis Joseph, Saint Veran, a celebrated French gen., b. near Nismes, 1712; d. Sept. 14, 1759. De- scended from a noble family uf Koncrgue. After receiving a careful ediuatiun, he entered the military service in hia 15th year; disting. himself particularly at the battle of Placcnza in 1746, and that of Exiles in Piedmont, 1747, in both of which he was wounded. In 1756, 629 with the lank of maj.-gen., he was sent to Can- ada as com -in-chief ; took Fort Ontario at Os- wego, Aug. 14; Fort Wm. Henry, on Lake George, Aug. 9, 1757 ; and received the cross of St. Louis, and was made a lieut.-gen. Gained a complete victory over Abercrombie at Ticonderoga, July 8, 1758 ; repulsed Wolfe at Montmorenci, July 31, 1759, but finally fell gloriously under the walls of Quebec, which he had so well defended in the battle with Wolfe, Sept. 13. After receiving one muskct-ball early in the action, he was mortally wounded while attempting to rally a body of fugitive Canadians. On being told that hi.s death wr.s near, " So much the better, he said : I shall not live to see the surrender of Quebec." He died the next morning; and his death was followed by the loss of all Canada. A public monu- ment to the memory of both Wolfe and Mont- calm was erected at Quebec in 1 827. Monteflore, JosHnA, author, b. London, 1752; d. St. Alban's, Vt., June 26, 1343. Some time an atty. and notary public in Lon- don. He pub. a " Commercial Dictionary," Lond. 4to, 1S03; "Commercial Precedents," Phila. 8vo, 1803; a work on the Bankrupt Laws ; " Synopsis of Mercantile Laws," 2d Amcr. cd. by C. C. Biddle, 8vo, 1830. Montezj Lola, Maki.v Dolores, Porris Y MoNTEZ, Countess of Landsfuld. b. Lim- erick, Ireland, 1824; d. N.Y. Jan. 17, 1861. At 15 she was m. to Capt. James at Dublin, but quitted him on account of hi, cruelty to her; app. as adanscKsc at Paris in 1840; after- wards at Munich, where she fascinated King Louis, over whom she exerted a powerful in- fluence, and who in 1846 made Iter Countess of Landsfeld. She was in 1848 obliged to leave the country. Came to the U.S. in the same ship with Kossuth. Made her debut, Dec. 29, 1851, at the Broadway, N.Y., as Betty in " The Tyrolean." Afterward Icc- tureil on Spiritualism and other subjects in the U.S. and Eng. Author of 3 works of little merit. Montezuma I., the greatest of the Mex- ican monarchs ; d. 1471. Ho ascended the throne ab. 1436; was victorious over many of the Mexican tribes, and added numerous provinces to his empire. Montezuma II., the last of the Aztec emperors, b. ab. 1480; killed June 30, 1520. In 1519, when Cortes arrived on the coast, and expressed his intention of visiting the emperor in his capital, Montezuma' sent him a rich present, but forbade his farther advance. His despotic govt, had procured him many ene- mies, who willingly joined Cortes, and assist- ed him in his progress to Mexico ; and he as- signed quarters to the Spaniards in the town of Cholula, where he plotted their destruction. His plot being discovered, a massacre" of the Cholulans followed ; and Cortes, in Nov., en- tered the capital without resistance, lie next seized Montezuma, and kept hiiu :i~ a l.itiui'. He was at first treated with i^ k soon changed to insult ; cani i .. i . i t- ters were put on his legs. Winn i ::. ^>llll a great part of his forces, marclioil out to op- pose Narvaez, the Mexicans rose, and furiously attacked the Spaniards who remained. The return of Cortes alone saved them from de- siruction ; and hostilities were still going on, when Montezuma was induced to advance to the battlements of the Spanish fortress in his royal robes, and attempt to pacify his subjects : this excited their indignation against him, and, being struck on the temple with a stone, he fell to the ground. From motives of policy, every attention was paid him by Cortes ; but, rejecting all nourishment, he tore off his ban- dages, and soon after expired, spurning every attempt at conversion. His 2 sons and 3 dans. were converted ; and Charles V. gave a grant of lands, and the title of Count of Montezuni:i, to one of his sons, who was the founder of a noble family in Spain. One of the counts of Montezuma was viceroy of Mexico from 1097 to 1 701. Montgomerie, John, gov. of N.Y. from his arrival there, 4 Apr. 1728, to his death, 1 July, 1731 ; b. Ayrshire, Scotland. Bred a soldier, he was at one time an aide to George II., and groom of the bed-chamber, and several years a memlier of parliament. Montgomery, George W., author, b. Valencia, Spain, 1804; d. June 5, 1841, at Washinston, D.C. John his father, a citizen of the U S., was many years a merchant at Alicant, Spain. He came in early life to this country, and was long employed in the dept. of state, and had been'U.S. consul at Tampiro and at Porto Rico. He is best known by his historicnl lun;-! ■■ IVrnnrdo del Carplo."' He translairl hii - ■(■iinquest of Granada" into S|i:iii!ii . ,1:;. In t\M South. Lil. Mcssen- '1 'f/Snent Freemason, b. Boston, 29 Mar. ISOl^He received a good education ; entered the M^on- ic order in 1822, attaining the highest degrees, and was Recording G.S. of the G.L. of Ms. 34 years. He ably defended the order in the days of its persecution (1827-34) ; pub. the Masonic Mirror in 1825 ; in 1828 the Amaranth, after- ward merged in the Bunker-hill Aurora ; and in 1841 began, and has since conducted, the Free- mason's Monthlji Mar). In 1823 he issued the first No. of Zion's Herald. He has pub. Law- rie's " Hist, of Freemasonry," with notes and additions, 18mo, 1829; and "Masonic Trestle- Board," 8vo, 1843. Moore, Clement Clarke, LL.D., scholar, b. New York, July 15, 1779; d. New- port, R.I., July 10, 1863. Son of Bisliop Moore. Col. Coll. 1 798. ,He studied Hebrew ; was app. prof, of biblical learning in the Prot.- Ep. Sem. in N.Y. in Dec. 1821 ; app. prof of Hebrew and Greek lit., afterwards changed to Oriental and Greek lit. To this institution he gave the large plot of ground on which it stands in the city of N.Y. He received the title of emeritus prof, in 1850. He pub. a col- lection of poems, 12mo, N.Y^. 1844; and "George Castriot," 12mo, 1850. To Dr. Moore belongs the high merit of having been the pioneer in this country in the dept. of He- brew lexicograpliy ; his Hebrew and Greek Lexicon having been pub. in 1809. He also pub. a collection of Bishop Moore's sermons, 2 vols. 8vo. He wrote the famous ballad, commencing "'Twas the night before Christ- mas ; and all through the house," &c. Moore, Cornelius, b. Hunterdon Co., N. J., 1806. Editor and prop. Masonic Mag. since its commencement in 1838; author of "History of the Ancient Charges and Regula- tions of Freemasonry ; " " Outlines of the Tem- ple," 12mo, 1854; "The Craftsman," 8vo; " The Templar's Text-Book," 12mo, 1853.— Allilione. Moore, Edward M., M.D., surgeon, b. Rahway, N.J., 15 July, 1814. U. of Pa. 1838. In 1838, in conjunction with Dr. C. L. Pen- nock of Phila., he performed a series of origi- nal expeilraents relative to the heart, which ex- cited much attention. Removing to Rochester, N.Y. , ab. 1840, he acquired a high reputation in his profession ; many years prof of surgery in the Buffalo Med. College. — Thomas. Moore, Edwin Ward, commo. in the Texan navy, b. Alexandria, Va., 1811 ; d. New York, Oct. 5, 1865. Entering the U.S. navy in 1825, he was a 1st lieut. in 1836, when se- lected by the new Texan govt, to com. its navy, yet to be created. Resigning in 1837, he, jiavtly from his own resources, purchased two small ships, and equipped them as vessels of war. He set sail early in 1838, and, con- trary to the orders of Pres. Houston, attacked the Mexican fleet of 8 vessels, including two steamers, in the Bay of Campeachy; and in a series of hot engagements finally routed and dispersed it with heavy losses in ships and men. He received from the Texan Congress for this service an extensive grant of land, and a large sum of money. Moore, Frank, b. Concord, N.H., 17 Dec. 182S. Sec. ol legation at Paris. Son of Ja- cob B. He pub. " Songs and Ballads of the Amer. Revol.," 1856 ; " Cyclopaedia of Amer. Eloquence," 2 vols. 8vo, 1857; "The Press of the Amer. Revol. ; " " Diarv of the Amer. Revol.," 2 vols. 8vo, 1860; "The Rebellion Record," 11 vols. 8vo., 1862-8; " Speeches of And. Johnson, with a Biog. Introd.," 1865 ; " Lyrics of Loyalty," 1864 ; "Rebel Rhymes and Rhapsodies," 1864; "Personal and Pdlit. Ballads," 1864 ; and " Materials for History," 4to, 1861. Moore, Gabriel, statesman of Alabama, b. Stokes Co., N.C.; d. Caddo, Texas, 1844. M.C. 1822-9; gov. 1829-31; U. S. senator Moore, George H., LL.D. (N. Y. U ), author, b. Concord, N.H., Apr. 20, 1823. N. Y. U. 1843. Son of Jacob B. Moore. Ho went to New York in 1839 ; was assist, lib. of the N.Y. Hist. Soc. in 1841-9 ; librarian since 1849. He has pub. "Treason of Charles Lee," 8vo, 1860 ; " Employment of Negroes in the Revol. Army," 1862 ; " Hist, of Slavery in Ms.," 8vo, 1866, since followed by Additional Notes on the same subject. He is now (1870) engaged upon a Hist, of the Jurisprudence of N.Y. Contrib. to the Hist. Mag. and to the jour- nals of New York. — Hist. Mag. vol. vii. 1. JMOO 632 MOO Moore, Sir IIenky, b. Jumaira, 1713. Fur supjircssing a sliivu-insurrcction in Jamai- ca, of whicli he was gov. (app. l/SG), lie was made a bart., and gov. of N.Y. from 29 Jan. 1764 to lii.s d. 11 Sept. 1709. He arrived in the Colony in Nov. 176.5. Moore, Heney E.4.TOJt, composer of music, 1). Andovcr, N.H., July 21, 1803; d. E. Cam- bridge, Ms., Oct. 23, 1S41. He serve<.l his time as a printer with his bro. Jacob B. and Isaac Hill, and pub. the Grafton Journal at Plymouth, N.II., fi-om Jan. 1, 1825, to March, 1826 ; he aftenvard became a teacher, and a thorough proficient in musical science ; vn-ote the " Mu- sical Catechism," "Merrimack Collection of Instrumental Music," "N.II. Coll. of Cliurch Music," " The Choir," " A Collection of An- thems, Choruses, and Set Pi.A 1\.C. In Feb. 1776, Gen. McDonald, wich 1,500 men, principally Highlanders, having erected the king's standard at Cross Creek, Col. Moore, with his regt. and a detachment of militia, Feb. 26, with the aid of Cols. Caswell and Lillington, attacked and routed him. The Prov. Council of N.C. on the 4th of Mar. passed a vote of thanks to Col. Moore for this signal senicc. Made a brig.-gen 1 March, 1776; he died of fever shortly after, while on his way to join the army under Washington. Moore, Rev. Martin, 20 years editor of the Boston Recorder, b. Sterling, Ms., 22 Apr. 1790; d. Cambridge, Ms., 12 Mar. 1866. B.U. 1810. Descended from John of Sudbury, 1642. Nearly 30 years minister at Natick, Ms., and afterward at Cohiisset; in 1861-6 vice.-pres. of the N. E. Hist. Gencal. Society. Author of a "Life of John Eliot," 1842; and a " Hist, of Nalick, Ms.," 1817. Moore, Maurice, jurist, b. Brunswick Co., N.C. ; d. 1776. His grandfather Sir Na- thaniel, gov. of N.C. in 1705, claimed descent from the Marquis of Drogheda, Ireland. Maurice, together with Martin Howard and Richard Henderson, constituted the judicial bench of N.C.when the Revol. closed the courts ; memberof theProv. Congress in 1775-6; aided, materially in fonning the State constitution ; and was one of a com. app. to draw up an addr. to the people of Great Britain on the wi-ongs of the N.A. Colonies. It is remarkable that liis disting. bro. Col. James Moore, then on hia way to join Gen. Washington, d. in the same house, at the same time. Moore, Nathaniel F., LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1825), scholar, b. Newtown, L.I., Dec. 25, 1782. Col. Coll. 1802. Nephew of Bishoji Benj. Moore. Adm. to the bar in 1805; app. in 1817 adjunct prof.; and was from 1820 to 1835 prof.' of Latin and Greek in Col. Coll.; librarian 1837-42; pres. 1842-9. In 1839 he visited Egypt and the Holy Land. Besides pamphlets and essays, he has pub. " Ancient Mineralogy," 1834; "Remarks on the. Pro- nunciation of the Greek Language ; " " Lec- tures on the Greek Language and Literature ; " and a Iiist. sketch of Col. Coll. 1846. Moore, Richard Channing, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1794), Prot.-Ep. bishop of Va., b. New IWCOO 633 York, Aug. 21, 17G2; d. Lynchburg, Va., Nov. 11, 1841. Ho was educated at King's Coll., N.Y. Followed a sea-faring lilb for a short time, and became a medical practitioner; but took holy ordei-s in July, 1787, and after a brief service at Rye, Westchester Co., he was called to St. Andrew's parish, embracing the whole of Staten Island, where he continued 20 years. Rector of St. Stephen's Chmvh, N.Y. City, 1809-May IS, 1814 ; then consec. bishop, and app. rector of the Monumental Church ia Richmond, which position he occupied until the close of his life. — See Memoirs of his Life, with a Selectioitfrom his Sermons, by J. P. K. Llen- shaw, 8vo, 1843. Moore, Thomas P., soldier and M.C., b. Ky. 1795; d. Harrodsburg, Ky., July 21, 1853. He was an officer in the war of 1812 ; M.C. in 1823-9 and in 1833-5; minister to the Repub- lic of Colombia in 1829 ; and maj. 18th U.S. Moore, Zephaniah Swift, D.D. (Wras. Coll. 1816), S'jholar, b. Palmer, Ms., Nov. 20, 1770; d. Amherst, Ms., June 30, 1823. Dartm. Coll. 1793. While a child, his parents removed to Vt. Principal of the Londonderry Acad, in 1793-4; studied divinity ia Ct.; was minister of Leicester, Ms., June 10, 1798, to Oct. 2S, 1811; prof, of languages in Dai-tm. Coll. 1811- 15; chosen pres. of Wms. Coll. in Sept. 1815, he became unpopular on a,ccount of the at- tempted removal of the institution to Hamp- shire Co. ; and, on the establishment of Amh. Coll. in 1821, was chosen its first pres., and as- sumed its charge in 1 S22. Moran, Benjami.v, diplomatist, b. Lane Co., Pa., 1820. His father was manager of a small cotton-factory at Trenton, N.J. The son, at first a printer in Phila., went to Eng. ab. 1850; travelled over it on foot in 1851-3; and pub. a vol., " The Footpath and High- way." In 1854 he prepared the cases for the commiss. then sitting in Lond. tor the settle- ment of claims between the U.S. and Great Britain. Mr. Buchanan then made him clerk to the mission, afterward his private sec. ; and in Nov. 1 855 he was made sec. of legation ; .vice-consul at Lond. Apr. 1S56 to 1 Jan. 1857; ' assist, sec. of legation to July, 1 864 ; and sec. fciuce that time, frequently acting as charye' or acting minister. A contrib. to English and American periodicals. Morazan, Gen. Francisco, a Central- Amer. statesman, b. Honduras, 1799; shot in Costa Rica, Sept. 15, 1842. Of Coi-sican ex- traction. In 1824 he became scc.-gen. of Hon- duras ; and soon after was elected gov. of the State, discing, himself both as a statesman and as a soldier. Having in 1829 driven th%re-ac- tionary party from the city of Guatimala, the National Congress decreed him the title of sa- viorof the Republic; and he soon .after accepted the presidency. Expelled in 1840 by the influ- ence of the priests, he took refuge in Chili, whence, in 1842, he went to Costa Rica, where he was made pres. by acclamation. An insur- rection shortly after took place, to which he fell a victim. Mordecai, Alfred, maj. U.S.A., b. N.C. West Point, 1823. Assist, prof. nat. philos. and eng. to July, 1825; capt. of ordnance 30 May, 1832; brcv. major for meritorious con- duct in Mexico, May 30, 1848 ; major, Dec. 31, 1S54; resigned 5 May, 1861 ; assist, cngr. Mex- ico and Pacific R. R. since 1863. Ordered to Europe to observe the Crimean War, April 2, 1855. Author of Report thereon to the Sec. of War ; " Reports of Experiments on Gunpow- der," 1845_and 1849; of "Artillery for U.S. Laud Service," 1849; of " Ordnance Manual," 1850; "Digest of Military La%vs," 8vo, 1833. Morehead, Chaeles S., lawyer and poli- tician, b. Nelson Co., Ky., 1802; d. near Green- vUle, Mpi., Dec. 23, 1868. Edueatrd at Tran- sylvania U. He adopted the pnife-slun of law; was member of the legi^l. 1 82,-'-;i ; ai tv.-gen. in 1834-7; was again in theb-isl.iii 1838-41, ofli- ciatingas speaker in 1840 and '41 ; was re-elected in 1842 and 1844, and for the third time chosen speaker; M.C. 1847-51; again in thelegisl.in 1853 ; gov. in 1855-9. Many years one of the most devoted friends and supporters of Henry Clay. Delegate to the Peace Convention of Feb. 1861. His endeavors to bring about the secession of Ky. occasioned his arrest, Sept. 19, 1861, and incarceration in Fort Lafayette, where he was long kept. With M. Brown, he pub. "Digest of the Statute Laws of Ky.," &c., 8vo, 4 vols. 1834. Morehead, James T., lawyer, b. Coving- ton, Ky., Mav 24, 1797; d. there Dec. 28, 1854. U. of N.C. 1819. In 1813-14 he studied at Trausylv. U. and in the law-office of J. J. Crit- tenden; commenced practice in 1819 at Cowl- ing Green ; from 1828 to 1831 was a member of the Ky. legisl. ; in 1832 was lieut.-gov. ; gov. in 1834-6; he then returned to the bar at Frankfort ; in 1837 was again elected to the State legisl. ; was pres. of the Board of Inter- nal Improvements in 1838-41 ; U.S. senator 1841-7. He subsequently practised law at Cov- ington. He pub. " Practice and Proceedings at Law in Ky.," 8vo, 1846; "Address commem. of the First Sett, of Ky. at Boonesborough," 25 May, 1840, Frankfort, 8vo. Morehead, John M., gov. ofN.C.1841-5, b. there ab. 1796; d. Rockbridge, Va., Aug. 28, 1866. U. of N.C. 1817. He was a success- ful and able lawyer, and a warm friend of Henry Clay. Pres. of the National Whig Con- Morell, Geoeoe, jurist, b. Lenox, Ms., 22 Mar. 1786; d. Detroit, Mar. 8, 1845. Wms. Coll. 1807. Adm. to the bar in 1811 ; settled at Cooperstown, N.Y. ; app. first judge Otsego Co. Court 1827; member of the Assembly 1829; re-app. judge 1832; U.S. judge of Mich. Terr. 1832-6 ; judge Sup. Ct. of Mich. 1836- 43 ; chief justice 18 July, 1843, to his de»th. Morelos, Jose Maria, a Mexican revolu- tionist, b. N. Mexico, 1780 ; shot near the city of Me.wo 22 Dee. 1815. He was curate of Nucapetaro in Valladolid ; and in Oct. 1810 joined the insurgent chief Hidalgo, who made him capt.-gen. of the provinces on the south-w. eoa.'t. He soon made himself remarkable for his audacity and activity ; captured many places in the southern part of the province; andftook Acapulco, Aug. 30, 1813. In Dec. oT'that year he marched against Valladolid, but was defeated there by Iturbide with great loss, and IVLOR QM from this time su6Fered a succession of defeats; while marching to join Toledo and Humbert, he was (Nov. 5, 1815) surprised and taken, and shot as a traitor. Morfit, Campbell, chemist, b. Herculane- um, Mo., 1820. Columbian Coll., Washington, D.C. Studied chemistry in Phila. He became proprietorof a manuf. of commercial chemicals ; and in 1848 was co-editor of the "Encyclopaj- dia of Chemistry " with Prof. Booth. He or- ganized the chemical dept. of the Md. Institute, and tilled the chair of analyt. and applied chem- istry in the U. of Md. in 1854-8. He has a report upon g un-metal to the U.S. ordnance dept.; in 1851 pub. a report of the Progress of the Chemical Arts for the Smiths. Institution; and, with A. Muckle, "Chemical and Pharmaceutic Manipulations," 8vo, 1849. Morgan, Abel, liapt. min. of Pennepek, Pa., b. Wales, 1637 ; d. 16 Dec. 1722. He com- piled a folio Concordance to the Welsh Bible, printed at Phila. ; and also translated " Century Confession" into Welsh, with additions. — Benedict, i. 583. Morgan, Charles W., commo. U.S.N., b. Va. 179U; d. Washington, DC, 5 Jan. 1853. Nephew of Gen. Dan. Morgan. Midsh. I Jan. 1808; lieut. 3 Mar. 1813; com. 15 Apr. 1820; capt. 21 Feb. 1831; lieut. of "The Constitu- tion " in her action with " The Guerriere," 19 Aug. 1812, and with "The Java," 29 Dec. 1812, for which services he received a sword from the Va. legisl. He com. the Mediterranean squadron in 1841-3. Morgan, Gen. Daniel, b. Hunterdon Co., N.J., 1736; d. Winchester, Va., July 6, 1802. He had little education; at the age of 17 left his father's farm, and was a wagoner in Brad- dock's army in 1755. In the spring of 1756 he knocked down a British lieut. who had in- sulted him, for which he received 500 laslies. The officer afterward made him a public apolo- gy. In 1757 he served in the militia, and dis- ting. himself in the defence of Edwards Port. In 1758 he was made an ensign, and, while carrying despatches, was waylaid and severely wounded by Indians, escajjing by presence of mind and the Ueetness of his horse, trom whose back he was taken insensible. After the peace he was much addicted to gambling and dissipa- tion, and noted as a pugilist ; but before 1771 had reformed; became a man of substance ; and in 1774 com. a company inLordDunmore's ex- ped. against the Indians. Immediately after the battle of Lexington, he, in less than a ■week, enrolled 96 men, the nucleus of his cele- brated rifle corps, and marched them to Boston. He com. 3 companies in the exped. of Arnold against Quebec, and behaved with gallantry, but was made prisoner. On his exchange he was app., Nov. 12, 1776, col. of a rifle corps ( 1 1 th Va.). Sent to the assistance of Gates in Sept. 1777, he took a most important part in the victory at Saratoga. The Va. legisl. voted him a horse, pistols, and sword, for this ser- vice. Rejoining the main army near Phila., he had a severe skirmish near Chestnut Hill with a part of Cornwallis's division. During a part of 1778 he was in com. of Woodford's brigade; March 20, 1779, he was made col. 7th Va. Regt., hut resigned in June. After the defeat at Cam- den he joined the remnant of Gates's army at Hillsborough, and, Oct. 1, was placed in com. of a legionary corps; Oct. 13, 1780, he was made a brig.-gen. Shortly after Greene as- sumed the com. in Dec, Morgan was detached to the country watered by the Broad and Pa- colet Rivers. Pursued by Col. Tarleton, he withdrew to the Cowpens, where, Jan. 17, 1781, he gained a brillant victory over that renowned ofiicer, capturing or destroying nearly the whole of his force. A gold medal testified the appre- ciation of Congress of the skill and bravery of Morgan on this occasion. By a rapid retreat he evaded the pursuit of Corn wallis, and joined Greene; but ilhiess, occasioned by exposure and hardship, compelled him to retire from active service. In 1794 he com. the army sent against the insurgents in Western Pa., and was M.C. in 1795-9. In 1800 he removed to Winchester. His oldest dau. m. Gen. Presby Neville of Pitts- burg. In 1799 he pub. an address to his con- stituents, vindicating the administration of Mr. Adams. His son Willodghbt, col. U.S.A., d. Fort Crawford, Upper Mpi., 4 Apr. 1832.— Life of ilorqan, by James Graham, 12mo, 1859. Morgan, Gen. David Banister, b. West Springfield, Ms., 1773; d. Covington, La., July 15, 1848. He removed to La. in 1803 ; was in the Terr, legisl. ; member of the Const. Conv. ; representative and senator ; and surveyor-gen. of the States of La. and Mpi. ; brig.-gen. at the battle of New Orleans. Morgan, Edwin Dennison (LL.D. of Wms. Cull. 1867), statesman, b. Washington, . Ms., Feb. 8, 181 1. Entering a grocery-store in ^ Hartford, Ct., in 1828, he became a partner in J 1831 ; removed to New York in 1836, and be- came a highly-successful merchant. A State senator in 1849-53 ; he was made chairman of the Repub. Committee; and was gov. of N.Y. in 1859-63. His administration was marked by a decrease of the State debt, an increase in the revenue from the canals, and a frequent use of ihe veto-power. Such was his zeal and efficiency in raising and equipping troops for the war, that the State sent about 220,000 men to the Held. Maj.-gen. of vols. 20 Sept. 1861 ; resigned Jan. 1, 1863. U.S. senator in 1863- 9. Ottered the secretaryship of the treasury <, by Mr. Lincoln, but declined. Morgan, Gen. George W., b. Washing- ton Co., Pa., 20 Sept. 1820. He was a capt. in the Texan struggle for independence. Studied at West Point in 1841-3, but removed to Mount Vernon, 0., where in 1845 he began, to practise law. When the Mexican waf broke out, he became col. 2d Ohio Vols. (Jan. 1846), with which he repulsed the Mexican cavalry near Marin (Feb. 1847) ; was app. col. 15th U.S. Inf. Mar. 1847 ; and won the brev. of brig.-gen. for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, where he was severely wounded. Consul at ilarseilles 1856-8; res. minister at Lisbon in 1858-61; brig.-gen. vols. Nov. 21, 1861. Assigned to duty under Gen. Buell in Mar. 1862, he took com. of the 7th division of the Army of the Ohio, with which he occupied Cumberland Gap in S.E. Ky., driving out the Confederates, June 18, but was compelled to retreat Sept. 17. In Nov. he was assigned to a com. under Gen. Rose- crans in Tenn. He com. a division under Jr. >l m:or nviOR Sherman ngainst Vicksburg in 1863, in which year he resigned. Denioc. M.C. 1868-72. Morgan, Sir Henry, buccaneer, b. ab. 1637; d. 1690. Sou of a Welsh farmer. For many years he maintained his position among the W. India islands as chief of a host of pirates composed of adventurers from all the nations of Europe. From his strongholds, one of which was the Island of St. Catharine's, he made many successful descents upon the Spanish settlements in his vicinity; and at sea captured many lich prizes. In 1666 he took Porto Bcllo and Panama from the Span- iards. Having amassed a large fortune, he settled at Jamaica, of which island he was app. gov. by Charles II., and knighted. Author of " Voyage to Panama, 1670," Lond. Svo, 1683. An account of him is in Esqueraeling's "Buc- caneers of America," Lond. 4to, 1684. Morgan, Gen. James D., b. Boston, Ms., Nov. 19, 1810. At the age of 16 he went to sea in the ship " Beverley." The crew muti- nied ; and the ship was soon after burned. Morgan, with others of the crew, escaped in boats ; finally landed in S. America ; and, after the greatest hardships, made his way back to Boston, after 6 months' absence. Re- moving to Quincy. 111., in 1834, he engaged in mercantile pursuits. During the Mexican war he was capt. in the 1st 111. Vols. ; in 1861 he became lieut.-col. 7th 111. Vols. ; and, for merit, services at New Madrid and Corinth, was made brig.-gen. 17 July, 1862 ; in Nov. 1862 he com. a brigade at Nashville, Tenii. ; and in Sherman's Atlanta and Georgia cam- paigns com. a division of the 14th corps. Morgan, John, M.D. (Edinb. U. 1764), F.R.S., an eminent physician, b. Phila. 1735 ; d. there Oct. IS, 1789. Phila. Coll. 1757. He studied medicine under Dr. Redman ; and, as a surgeon and lieut. of Pa. troops, served in the war with France until 1760, when he went to Europe ; attended the lectures and dissections of the celebrated \Vm. Hunter; and, after spending two years iu Edinburgh, visited Paris, Holland, and Italy ; and, on his return to London, was elected a fellow of the Eoy. Soc; a member of the Coll. of Physi- cians in Edinburgh; and a licentiate of the Coll. of Phys. in London ; returning to Phila. in 1765, he was elected prof, of the theory and practice of med. ; and at once founded a med. school in connection with the college. In Oct. 1775 he was app. by Congress director- gen, and physician in chief to the gen. hospital of the army ; removed in 1777 in consequence of unjust clamors. A committee of Congress afterward investigated his conduct, and honor- ably acquitted him of all the charges against him. He pub. a " Discourse upon the Insti- tution of Medical Schools in America," 1765; " A Recommendation of Inoculation according to Baron Dinesdale's Method," &c., 1776. He received in 1766, from John Sargeant of Lon- don, a gold medal for the best essay on the recip- rocal advantages of a perpetual nnion between Great Britain and her American Colonies. In 1777 he pub. a vindication of his public charac- ter of director-gen. One of the founders of the Amer. Philos. Soc. in 1769, and pub. some papers in its Transactions. In 1773 he visited Jamaica to procure donations for Philadelphia College. Morgan, John H.,gen. C.S.A.,b. Hunts- ville, Ala., June 1, 1826 ; killed at Greenville, Tenn., Sept. 4, 1864. In 1830 he settled near Lexington, Ky. He was 1st lieut. in Mar- shall's cav. at the battle of Bucna Vista; was at Lexins ely engaged in the manuf. of bagging gton ; when, in Sept. 1861, he joined Buckner at the head of the Lexington Rifles, and at Shiloh com. a squadron of cavalry. He soon after commenced his series of raids into Ky., in which he destroyed many mil- lions of dollars' worth of military stores ; cap- tured and burned railroad-trains filled with supplies, tore up railroad - tracks, burned bridges, and destroyed culverts, in the rear of the Union armies ; and made it necessary to garrison every important town in the State. He moved with the utmost celerity, and, by tak- ing a telegraph-operator with him, misled his foes, and acquainted himself with their move- ments to intercept him. In 1863 he undertook a bold and extensive raid through K v., Ind., and Ohio ; but he with nearly his whole com. were captured, and Morgan and his oflBccrs were confined in the Ohio Penitentiary. He after- ward escaped : subsequently undertook a raid into Tenn. ; but, being betrayed while stopping at a farm-house, was surrounded in the night by fed. cavalry, and killed in an attempt to escape. Morgan, William, whose singular fate has given his name a great notoriety, b. Cul- pcper Co., Va., ab. 1775; d. Sept. 19, 1826. He served under Jackson at the battle of New Orleans; moved to York, U.C., in 1821, where he commenced business as a brewer, but sub- sequently removed to Batavia, N. Y. In Aug. 1 826 it became known that he was preparing for the press a work divulging the secrets of Freemason ry. Some infatuated members of the fraternity in his neighborhood, having failed in the attempt to dissuade him from his pro- ject, took him, on the 10th of Sept., under the pretence of a charge for larceny, to Canan- daigua. This charge having been abandoned, and a civil suit instituted, judgment was ob- tained for a small amount ; and he was com- mitted to the jail of Ontario Co. Discharged on the evening of the 12th, he was seized as he passed out of the jail, put into a carriage, and taken to Fort Niagara, where he was murdered. This outrage excited the most in- tense indignation against the order, which was soon turned to political purposes. An Anti- Masonic party was formed, which predominated in Western N.Y., and had many converts else- where. Author of " Illustrations of Masonry," the 2d ed. of which (1826) contains an ace. of his kidnapping. Morillo, Pablo, Count of Carthagena, and Marquis de la Puerta, a Spanish gen., b. Fuente, 1777; d. Madrid, 1838. He first served against Napoleon, rising to the rank of General ; placed in 1815 at the head of the panish forces in S. America, he became noted for his cruelty to the revolutionists, but was finally defeated by Bolivar, and compelled to sign the truceof Truxillo, Nov. 25, 1820; after wiiich he returned to Spain. Ho then sided alternately with both parties, and, on the resto- MOR 636 Mon ration of absolute monarchy, was cxppUod the office, editor of the N. U. Observer, a rcUyious country, aud his estates confiscated. He was newspaper. allowed to return in 1832; was made gov. of Morrill, JnsTi;« S., M.C. fiom Vt. 1855- Galicia, and com. the forces against Don Car- 67 ; chosen U.S. senator in 1867 ; b. Stratford, los. He pub. his "3/emoiVes" in Paris, 1820. Vt., Apr. 14, 1810. Educated at an academy. Morison, Kev. John Hopkins, D D (II. Ho was engaged in mercantile pursuits until U. 1858), b. Peterborough, N.IL, 25 July, ISOS. 1848, when he turned his at'ention to agricul- II.U. 1831. Unit, pastor of Milton, Ms., since ture. Author of the "Morrill " tarilf of 1861. 1846. Author of "M.anual for Sunday Morrill, Lot M., statesman, b. Belgrade, -; J' Schools;" " Centen. Address at Pcterb. Oct. Kennebec Co., Me., 3 May, 1813. Entered (Z. ffw r'.^ 24, 1839 ; " " Life of Hon. Jere. Smith, LL.D.," Wateiwille Coll. in 1 834 ; and in 1 839^as adm. , O^ .^^^ , j 1845; also a number of occasional sermons, to the bar; member of the Me. legisl. in 1854; "* /^'"^ addresses, &c. of the senate in 1856, and made its pres. ; gOT. ' Morphy, Paul Charles, the greatest of of Me. in 1858-60; U.S. senator in 1861, modern chess-players, b. N. Orleans, June 1863-9; re-elected for the teim of 1871-7; and 22, 1837; son of Judge M. of the Supreme member of the Peace Congress of 1861. Court of La., and learned the moves from see- Morris, Charles, Capt. U.S.N., b. Wood- ing his father pLiy. In the autumn of 1849 stock, Ct., July 26, 1784; d. \rashington, Jan. Herr Locweuthal, 'the cchbrateil Hungarian 27, 1856. He entered the navy, Julj^ 1, 1799; player, viDitcd the Crescent City; and out of was engaged with Decatur in destroymg the fri- 3 games against the young Paul, then but 12 gate "Philadelphia," in the harbor of Tripoli, years old, he lost 2, and di-ew 1. He was edu- on the night of Feb. 15, 1804 ; also disting. him- cated at the S. C. College, and studied law. self in the same war by the capture of a French At the Chess Congress in New York in 1857, privatier; was made lient. Jan. 28, 1807; was Morphy defeated in a majority of games — thiM'\f<'. oi^i^'n-of "TheConstitution"in 1812, many being at considerable odds — the first in 1 1 - ! n i v : i ; i ' . ' ^ -j n [le after a chase of 60 hours players of the U.S.; visiting Europe in 1853, from ;t ;;, ! i : : :i|ion ; was greatly disting., he contended mih all the great plaj'ers of aul ,i ... ,:, 'n^h the body, in the encounter Europe — Locweuthal, Hamvitz, Riviere, La- ut iluu -iiipv. iai ikv; Brit, frigate " Guem'ere ; " roeho, Journoud Dovinck, and the'cekbratcd capt. 5 Mar. 1813. In Aug. 1814, winle in com. AdolphAnderssen, whom he vanquished — with of "The John Adams," having run up the the exception of Mr. Stanton, who prudently Penobscot River to Hampden for repairs, a declined the contest. At the annual meeting strong Brit, force entered the river ; aud, to of the British Chess Association at Bu-ming- escape capture, the frigate was destroyed, the ham, he played 8 games simultaneously, with- crew making their way for 200 miles across the out seeing the boards, winning 6, losing 1, and thinly-inhabited country to Portland. In 1816- 1 being dra^vn. He has latterly devoted him- 17 he com. the naval forces in the Gulf of Mex- self almost exclusively to the practice of law ico; in 1819-20 a squadron to Buenos Ayres; in New Orleans and Richmond. in 1823-7 and 1832-41 was navy commiss. ; Morrell, Capt. Benjamin, b. Worcester in Sept.-Oct. 1825 com. the frigate " Brandy- Co., Ms., 1795; d. 1839. Author of "Narra- wine," in which Lafayette returned to France live of Four Voyages to the South Sea," &c., after his \-isit to this country ; in 1 825-6 he N.Y. 8vo, 1832. was employed in examining the dockyards of Morrell, Rev. William, who aceomp. France and Eng. ; com. in 1841-4 the squad- Capt. Rolicrt Gorges to America in 1623, and ron on the coast of Brazil and in the Mediter- resided at Plymouth, Ms., ab. a year. On his ranean; in 1844-7 was chief of bureau of retuni toEng., hopub. inl625, in Latinhexam- construction; was in 1847-51 insp. of ord- eters and English heroics, a poem entitled nance; and from 1851 to the time of his death "Nova Antjlia," repr. in "Ms. Hist. CoUs.," was chief of the bureau of ordnance and 1st scries, i'. hydrography; for many years he supervised Morrill, Anson P., gov. of Me. 1855-7; tlie Naval Acad, at Annapolis. It has been M.C. 1861-3 ; b. Belgrade, Me., June 10, 1803. said of him, that he was, in all the varied quali- He engaged in mercantile and manuf. pursuits, ties which constitute excellency in his profes- ^^ and was some years in the Me. legislature. sion, the ablest naval commander in the world. "^ Morrill, David Lawrence, M.D. (D.C.jJ Morris, Edward Jot, author and M.C, ^^ ^ LL.D. (U. of Vt.), b. Epping, N.H., June loXb- Phila. July 16, 1*15. H.U. 1836. Member vj "^ 1772; d. Concord, Jan. 28, 1849. Afterrecciv- of the Pa. legisl. in 1841-3; M.C. 1843-5;^ ^. ing a good acad. and med. education, he estab- charge d'affaires to Naples in 1850-4; again a i* ft> lished himself in practice at Epsom in 1793, meiiiber of the State legisl. in 1856; member \^ but in 1800 began to study theology ; pastor of the 35th, 36th, and 37th Congresses; and of the Cong, church in Goft'stown, N.H., in minister to Turkey 1S61-70. He has pub. 1802-11 ; practised medicine in 1807-30 ; was "A Tour through Turk, y, Greece, Egypt, aud a representative to the Gen. Court in 1808-17 ; Arabia Petr.^a ; " " TIm' Turkish Empire, So- speaker in 1816; U.S. senator from 1817 to cial and Political; " "Afraja, or Life and Love ^ 1823, when he was elected to the State senate, inNonvay" (a translation ) ; and also a transl. and was chosen pres. of that body ; gov. in from the German of Grcgorovius, " Corsica, ^C, 18l'4-7. He was connected with many of the Social and Political," &c. charitable, medical, and agricultural associa- Morris, George P., poet and journalist, tions of his time. He pub. several sermons, b. Phila. Oct. 10, 1 802 ; d. N. Y. City, July 6, orations, and conti-oversial pamphlets; and 1864. Removing in e.arly life to New York, he was, for some years after abandoning public wrote for the N. Y. Gazette aud the American, T< :mor contributing verses in his 15th year. lie puh. the N. Y. Mirror from Aug. 1823 to Dec. 31, 1S42; in 1843 ho associated himself with Mr. Willis in the pub. of the New Mirror, of which 3 vols, were issued ; in 1844 he established the Evening Mirror, a daily, assisted hy Willis and Hirara Fuller ; at the close of 1 845 he com- menced a weekly journal, the National Press, changed in Nov. 1846 to the IJome Journal, which he edited with Mr. Willis until a short time befoi-e his death. As a song-writor he has achieved great popularity. Among the best are " Woodman, spare that Tree," " Long Time Ago," "The Origin of Yankee Doodle," "My Mother's Bible," " WhippoorwiU," &c. In 1853 he pub. " The Deserted Bride, and other Poems," 8vo, N. Y. ; ed. a vol. of " American Melodies ; " and, in conjunction with Mr. Wil- lis, "The Prose and Poeti-y of Europe and America," Svo, N.Y; in 1837 he produced the successful drama of " Brierclift'," and in 1842 tlio libretto of " The Maid of Saxony." He also pub. a vol. of prose sketches entitled " The Littio Frenchman and his Water-Lots," 1838. The last complete edition of his poems appeared in 1860. In ISGl he contrib. an introil. Me- moir to the Poetical Works of Samuel Wood- worth. He was at one time a brig.-gen in the State militia. Morris, GonvEHNEUE, statesman and ora- tor, b. Morrisania, N.Y., 31 Jan. 1752; d. there 6 Nov. 1816. Kings Coll. 1768. Son of Lewis Mon-is. Studied law with Wm. Smith ; was adm. to practice in 1771; soon attained great reputation ; was a delegate to the Prov. Con- gress of N.Y. in 1775; one of the com. that dradghted the State Const, in 1776: member of the Cont. Congress 1777-80, serving on sev- eral important committees ; pub. in 1779 a suc- cessful pamphlet called " Observations on the Amor. Revel. ;" and in 1 780 removed to Phila., and, by being thrown from a can-iage, fractured his leg so as to render amputation necessary. In July, 1781, he was the colleague of Robert Morris as assist, supt. of finance, and, after the war, erabarkod with him in mercantile enter- prises; in 1785 ho pub. "An Address to the Assembly of Pa. on the Abolirion of the Bank of N.A.," arguing against that project. Pur- chasing in Dec. 1786 the estate of Morrisania from his bro. Staats Long Morris, he made it his future residence. He was one of the com. that draughted the Federal Constitution in the conv. of 1787. In 1788-91 he was in France, oc- cupied in selling land ; was a private agent of theU.S. inLond.in 1791; minister to France in 1 792-Oet. 1 794 ; afterward travelled in Europe, and, while at Vienna, endeavored to eftect the liberation of Lafayette from the dungeon of Olmutz; returned to the U.S. in the autumn of 1798; was U.S. senator in 1800-3, acting with the Federalists, and actively opposing the abolition of the judiciary system in 1802 in speeches of great ability ; was prominent in the great canal project of N.Y., and chairman of the canal commiss. from their first app. in Mar. 1810 until his death; and passed the latter years of his life in munificent hospitality. Au- thor of a series of essays on the Cont. Currency and Finances, and of eulogies on Washington, Hamilton, and George Clinton. — .See Life, Correspondence, and Writings, by Jared Sparks, 3 vols. 1832, 8vo. Morris, Henrt W., commo. U.S.N., b. N. York, 1806 ; d. there Aug. 14, 1863. Son of Thomas, a lawyer of N. Y., and grandson of the preceding. Midshipm. Aug. 21,'~r819";"lieut. May 17, 1828 ; com. Oct. 12, 1849 ; cajrt. Dec. 27, 1856; commo. July 16, 1862. In 1845 ho com. the storeship " Southampton," of the Af- rican squadi-on ; the sloop-ot-war " German- town," of the Brazilian squadron, in 1 853 ; and in 1855 was fleet-capt. under Com. Stringham in the Mediterranean ;. in 1861 he superintended the construction of the steam sloop-of-war " Pensaeola " at the Washington N.ivy-yard. In her he successfully passed the Confed. bat- teries on the Potomac in Jan. 1 862 ; then joined the Gulf block, squad., and took part in the capture of New Orleans. Morris, John G., D.D., b. York, Pa., 1803. Dick. Coll. 1823. He studied theology at Princeton, and since 1826 has been pastor of the Firat Lutheran Church, Baltimore. He has pub. a number of addresses, theol. treatises. and translations from the German ; " Popular Expos, of the Gospels," 2 vols. 1840; "Life of John Arndt," 1853 ; "The Blind Uiri of Wit- tenberg," 1856; "Catharine De Bora," 1856; " Martin Behaim, a Discourse before the Md. Hist. Soc," Jan. 25, 1855, Svo, paper. Edited the Lutheriin Obsm-rr 1831-2, and was co-editor of the " Year-Book of the Refoi-mation," 1844. He has lectured bcf. the Smithsonian and other scientific bodies on entomology and other sci- ences, and has written on tlie lepidoptera of N. A. in the Smitlisonian " Misc. Colls." — Alllbone. Morris, Lewis, statesman, b. Morrisania, N.Y., 1671 ; d. lungsbury, N. J., May 21, 1746. Son of Richard, an officer of Cromwell's army, who settled, ab. 1672, on a farm of 3,000 acres, near Harlem, N. Y., called Mon-isania. Adopted by his uncle Lewis, he once, through fear of his resentment, fled to Va., and thence to the West Indies. Embracing the law, he became a judge of the N. J. Superior Court in 1692, and a member of the council ; was afterward an ac- tive member of the Assembly, and an opponent of Grov. Combury, against whom he drew up the complaint of the Assembly, and presented it in pel-son to the queen. He was lor several years chief justice of N.Y. and N.J. ; was state coimcillor in 1710-38; acting gov. 1731 ; and gov. of N.J. 1738-46. Active in bringing about the separation of the govts, of N.Y. and N. J.in 1738. Of his sons, Lewis was a judge of vice-admu-alty ; and Robert Hunter was 20 years chief justice of N. J. — Mem. by Rev. R. Davidson, N. J. Hist. Proc. vol. iv. Morris, Lewis, signer of the Decl. of In- dep., b. Morrisania, N.Y., 1726 ; d. there Jan. 22, 1798. Y.C. 1746. He was the eldest of four bros., — Staats, a gen. in the British army andanM.P.; Richard, judge in the N.Y. Vice- Adm. Court, afterward chief justice, who d. Apr. 1810; and Godverneur. Devoting liimself to agriculture, he possessed at the penod of the Revol. an ample estate. In the Congress of 1775 he served on the most important commit- tees, and had assigned to him the arduous task of detaching the Western Indians from the co- MOR 638 MOR alition with Great Britain, which he executed with zeal and address. In the beginning of 1776 he resumed his seat in Congress, where he was a laborious and serviceable member ; and his beautiful and extensive manor near New York was soon after laid waste by the British. He left Congress in 1777, and was afterwards in the State legisl., and a maj.-gen. of militia. Three of his sons served with distinction in the army, and received the thanks of Congress, — Lewis (N J. Coll. 1774) was aide to Gen. Sul- livan, and afterward to Gen. Greene ; Staats was aide to Gen. Wayne (his son Lewis N., capt. U.S.A., was killed at Monterey. Lewis O., son of the latter, col. 113th N.Y. Vols., feU at Cold Harbor, 3 June, 1864); Jacob, aide to Gen. Charles Lee, afterward member of the N.Y. Assembly and senate, b. 28 Dec. 1755, d. 10 June, 1844. His youngest son Richard Valentine, capt. U.S.N, (app. June, 1798), d. New York, May 1815 ; com. squadron in the Mediterranean in 1802-3. Morris, Robert, financier and statesman, b. Liverpool, Eng., 20 Jan. 1733; d. Pbila. 7 May, 1806. At 13 he came with his father to Phila. ; entered the counting-house of Charles Willing, and was a partner in the business in 1 754-93. He was supercargo in several voyages, and on one occasion was made prisoner by the French. Prominent in opposition to the Stamp Act : in signing the Non-Importation Act of 1765, the house of Willing and Morris made a great sacrifice. Delegate to the Cont. Cong, in 1776-8, and signer of the Decl. of Indep. Mem- ber of the committee of ways and means, his personal credit was exerted to the utmost, espe- cially at the close of 1776, when the term of service of the troops had expired ; performing a siuiilar service in aid of Gen. Greene's prose- cution of the Southern campaign in 1780, and raising $1,400,000 to enable Washington to proceed in the exped. whii* resulted in the capture of Cornwallis at Yorktown. In 1780 he established a bank, to which he subscribed £10,000, mainly to supply the army with pro- visions ; founded the Bank of N. America ; and from Feb. 1781 to Nov. 1784 was supt. of finance, pledging his personal credit whenever his official resources were inadequate. Mem- ber of the Pa. legisl. in 1786, and of the conv. which framed the Federal Const, in 1787 ; U.S. senator 1789-95; offered the post of sec. of the treas., he declined, and named Alex. Ham- ilton for that office. He engaged with Gouv. Morris in the E. I. and China trade ; but in his old age embarked in vast land-speculations, which proved ruinous to his fortunes; and he passed the latter years of his life in prison for debt. Morris was a fluent and impressive ora- tor, and possessed much political knowledge, and great acquaintance with general affairs. Morris, Robert, chief justice of N. J. dur- ing the Revol. war, and U.S. judge from 1789 to his d. at New Brunswick, N. J., May 2, 1815, aged 70. Morris, Robert Hhnter, cliief justice of N. Jersey, son of Gov. Lewis; d. Feb. 20, 1764. He was 26 years one of the council of N. J. ; and was lieut.-gov. of Pa. from Oct. 1754 to Aug. 1756. He resigned the office of chief justice in the fall of 1757. Morris, Col. Roger, b. Eng. Jan. 28, 1717 ; d. there Sept. 13, 1794. He obtained a captaincy 48th Foot, Sept. 13, 1745; aecomp. Braildock in his exped., serving as his aide-de- camp, and was wounded at his defeat ; he served under Loudon in 1757; Jan. 19, 1758, he ra. Mary, dau. of F. Phillipse of Westchester Co., N.Y. ; purchased a majority in the 35th ; and in the winter of 1758-9 was stationed at Fort Frederick ; occasionally engaged with the Indians, who harassed the settlements in Nova Scotia; attached to the Louisburg grenadiers in Wolfe's exped. against Quebec, he partici- pated in the battle on the Plains of Abraham, and did good service at the battle of Sillery, Apr. 28, 1760; app. in May, 1760, lieut.-col. 47ih; he com. the 3d batt. in the exped. against Montreal under Gen. Murray ; retiring from the army in June, 1764, he was elevated to the exec, council of the province, in which body he took his seat Dec. 5. Having adhered to the crown in the Revol., his name was in- cluded in the N.Y. act of attainder of 1779. At the peace he retired to Eng. His widow survived him until July, 1825. — 0' Calhif/han. Morris, Sarah, Quaker preacher, b. Phila. 1704; d. there Oct. 24, 1775. Anthony her father, an eminent preacher, d. Phila. Aug. 23, 1721, a. 67. Sarah possessed a superior understanding, and a social and agreeable dis- position, and became an able gospel minister. She visited the Friends in N.J.,Md., and Long Island; went to R. I. in 1764 ; and travelled through Great Britain in 1772-3. — Coll. of Quaker Memorials. Morris, Staats Long, gen. in the British army, b. Morrisania, N.Y., Aug. 27, 1728 ; d. 1800. Son of Judge Lewis. Cajit. 36th Foot, May 31, 1756; lieut.-col. 89th Highlanders; served at the siege of Pondicherry in 1761 ; hrig.-gen. July 7, 1763; maj.-gen. 'l777 ; gen. 1796; app. gov. of Quebec 1797. His first wife, the Duchess of Gordon, died 1770. — 0' Callnghan. Morris, Sdsanna, Quaker preacher, b. 1683 ; d. Richland, Pa., Apr. 28, 1755. Wife of Morris Morris. For more than 40 years she labored faithfully in the ministry, travelling much in America and Europe; and made 3 voyages to Europe, visiting Friends in Eng., Ireland, and Holland. — Coll. of Quaker Me- Morris, Thomas, judge and senator, b. Va., Jan. 3, 1776 ; d. Dec. 7, 1844, near Beth- el, (3. Son of a Baptist clergyman. At the ago of 19 he emig. to the Ohio Vallev, and set- tled near the present site of Cincinnati, but removed to Clermont Co. in 1800. In 1802, while engaged as a day-laborer, and without an instructor, he commenced the study of law, adopted the profession, and became eminent. Elected in 1806 to the legisl., he was a mem- ber of the senate or house for a period of 24 years. He was elected in 1809 a judge of the Sup. Ct. of Ohio, and was a Democ. U.S. sen- ator in 1833-9; while in Congress he ably de- fended the freedom of the press, the freedom of speech, the right of petition ; and disting. himself as an opponent of slavery ; in Aug. 1844 he was the candidate of the Liberty party for vice-pres. His Life, Speeches, and Writings JVtOR were pub. by his son, Rev. B. F. Morris, 12rao, Cincinnati, 1855. Morris, Thomas A., D.D. (McK. Coll., III., 1841), bishop of the M. E. Church (cho- sen in 1836), b. Kanawha Co., Va., Apr. 28, 1794. He entered the Ohio Conf. as a trav- elling preacher in 1816 ; was ord. deacon, and in 1820 an elder; was an itinerant preacher in Ohio, Kv., and Tenn ; and was elected edi- tor of the IVestern Christian Advocate on its es- tablishment in Cincinnati in 183.3. Author of a vol. of sermons, and a miscellany consist- ing of essays, biog. sketches, and notes of travel. Self-educated, and a man of strong, clear sense, great simplicity, and a practical preacher. /U^ Morris, William Walton, brev. ou^.- gen. U.S.A., b. Ballston Springs, N.Y.," Aug. 31, 1801; d. Fort McHenry, Baltimore, Dec. 11,1865. West Point, 1820. Disting. in engagement under Col. Leavenworth with Arickaree Indians, 11 Aug. 1823; capt. 17 Dec. 1836; major of mounted Creek Vols. in Fla. Sept. 1836 to June, 1837; brev. major for gallantry in war against Fla. Indians 27 Jan. 1837 ; maj. 4th Art. Nov. 4, 1853; lieut.-col. May 14, 1861 ; col. 2d Art. Nov. 1, 1861. He was one of the ablest military law- yers in the service ; was disting, at Palo Alto and Rcsaca ; was military gov. of Tainpico, and afterward of Puebia ; on duty at Fort Mc- Henry at the outbreak of the Rebellion, and promptly turned his guns on the city of Balti- more during the riot on the 1 9th Apr. 1861. Brev. brig.-gen. June 19, 1862, for meritorious service; and brev. maj.-gen. 10 Dec. 1865. Morrison, Col. Joseph Wanton, b. N.Y. May 4, 1783 ; d. on the passage from Calcutta, Feb. 15, 1826. Son of John Morri- son, dep. commiss.-gen. in America. Entered the army as ensign in 1793 ; and as lieut.-col. 89th Regt. com. the British force at Cbrystler's Fields, Williamsburg, L.C., gaining a victory over the Amer. Gen.s. Wilkinson and Boyd, for which he was honored with a medal, and a vote of thanks from the h. of assembly of L. Canada. Severely wounded at Lundy's Lane in July, 1814. He afterwards served in India with the local rank of brig.-gen. Morrison, William, fur-trader and ex- plorer, b. Montreal, C.E., 1785; d. Morrison's Island, Aug. 7, 1866. In 1802 he was ap- prenticed to the N.Y. Fur Co. at Fond Du Lac, and soon became a partner; in 180.3-15 he explored the North-west; and from 1816 to 1 826 had charge of J. J. Astor's business. Mr. Morrison was the first white man who dis- covered the sources of the Mpi. River, — .an honor usually awarded to Mr. Schoolcraft. Morrow, Jkremiah, statesman, b. Gettys- burg, Pa., Oct. 6, 1771 ; d. Warren Co., O., Mar. 22, 1852. Removing in the spring of 1795 to the North-west Terr., he was a member of the O. Terr, legisl. in 1801 ; in 1802 was a delegate to a convention for forming a State const; was State senator in 1803; was the first M.C. from the State, serving fiora 1803 to 1813 ; was a U.S. senator in 1813-19 ; gov. in 1822-6 ; then canal commiss. ; again State senator in 1827-8; State representative 183.5- 7; again M.C. in 1841-3; and was pres. of the Little Miami Railroad Co. until 1847. In 1814 lie was app. a commiss. to treat with the Indians west of the Miami. While in Con- gress, he was chairman of the com. of public lands. — 4. T. Goodman. Morse, Rev. Abner, genealogist, b. Mcd- wav, Ms., Sept. 5, 1793 ; d. Sharon, Ms., May 16, 1865. Brown U. 1816; And. Sem. 1819. De- scended from Capt. Joseph, who settled ab. 1670 in Bogistown (Medway). He was in 1819-22 Cong, pastor in Nantucket, Ms. ; subsequently at Boundbrook, N.J., and in Indiana, where he procured a charter for a college, and was some time a professor. He delivered courses of lec- tures on geology, also devoting himself to genealogical pursuits. He pub. "Memoiialof the Morses," 1 850 ; " Descendants of Lawrence Litchfield," 1855 ; " Capt. John Grout," 1857 ; of " Several Ancient Puritans," 3 vols. 1857- 60 ; and " Gen. Register of Sherbom and Holliston." — iV. E.H. and Gen. Reg. xix.37I. Morse, Jedediah, D.D. (U. of Edinb. 1794), clergyman and geographer, b. Wood- stock, Ct., Aug. 23, 1761 ; d. N. Haven, June 9, 1826. Y.C. 1783. Licensed to preach in 1785; tutor in Y.C. in 1786; Apr. 30, 1789, installed minister of the First Cong. Church, Charlestown, Ms., which he resigned in 1820. Dr. MoFse is the father of American geography. He prepared in 1784 at New Haven, for the use of schools, the first work of the kind in Amur. This was followed by larger works of geography, and gazetteers, from materials obtained by travelling and correspondence, — especially that of Jeremy Belknap the historian, Thomas Hutchins, geog.-gen., and Ebenezer Hazard. His larger geographical works were reprinted in Europe. Dr. Mi)r.:- ,,,«.-:■. r inN.Y. State. In Ju> I- ' with Henry A. Munson. ! ; art, termed ccrography. mii. ; ; i:i'- -n." -i-r m thosf' hitherto known. Died .N.'l . I'S Dec. '71. Morton, Charles, minister of Charles- town from Nov. 5, 1686, to his d. Apr. 11, 1698; b. Cornwall, Eng., 1626. Son of Rev. Nicholas. Educated at O.-cford U., of which he was a fellow. At first a royalist, he at length became a Puritan ; was minister at Blisland until ejected in 1662; and, after the great fire in Lond., established an acad. at Newington Green. De Foe, author of " Robin- son Crusoe," was on? of his pnpils. After 20 years' service there, he was so pestered by pro- cesses from the bishops' court, that he was obliged to leave ; and came to N.E. in July, 1686. He was a man of eminent learning. Author of a number of treaiises, among them a "Disconrse on improving the Country of Cornwall," a part of which is in the " Philos. Trans.," Apr. 1675; "Considerations on the New River ; " " The Ark, its Loss and Recov- ery." Viee-pres. of H.U., and drew up a sys- tem of logic long in use there. Morton, James St. Clair, brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A., b. Phila. 1829; d. near Peters- burg, Va., June 17, 1864. West Point, 1851. Son of Dr. Samuel George. Assist, prof, of eng. at West Point in 1855-7; and in 1860, by authority of Congress, explored the Chiri- qui Country, Central Amer., for a railroad route across the Isthmus. On his return he took charge of the work on the Washington Aque- duct. In Mar. 1861 he superintended the for- tifying of the Tortugas; capt. engineers 6 Aug. 1861 ; app. chief engr. to the Array of the Ohio (Gen. Buelj) in May, 1862 ; he aided in fortifying Nashville ; and when Rosecrans assumed com. of the Army of the Cumberland, and organized the pioneer brigade, ho placed Gen. Morton in com. ; brig.-gen. Nov. 29, 1S62. He rendered efficient service at the bat^ tie of Stone River, Dee. 31, 1862; was en- gaged in the advance on TuUahoma, June- July, 1863; wounded at Chickainauga ; and brev. col. 20 Sept. 1863 ; maj. cngrs. 3 July, 1863; superintending engr. of defences of Nashville; chief engr. 9th army corps in Rich- mond campaign ; and engaged at the North Anna 24 May, Tolapotomy 28-29 May, Betliesda 30 May, and assault of Petersburg, where he was killed while leading the attack ; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 17 June, 1864. Au- thor of a " Memoir on Fortification," 1858; " Dangers and Defences of N.Y. City," 1859 ; and " Life of Maj. John Sanders of the En- gineers," 1850. — Cullum. Morton, John, a signer of the Deel. of Indep., b. Ridley. Pa., 1724 ; d. Apr. 1777. Of Swedish descent. Intelligent and well edu- cated ; many years a surveyor, and a justice of the peace ; member of the Gen. Assembly of Pa. in 1756 and for many years subsequently, and speaker in 1772-5 ; delegate in 1765 to tho Stamp-Act Congress; high sheriff 1766-70; subsequently pres. judge of C.C.P., and a jndgeof the' Sup. Court of the Province; mem- ber Cont. Cong, in 1774-6.. Upon ihe ques- tion of adopting the Decl. of Indep., the Pa i'.'i -.iiini l.-irj -'■. ^''I'l, Morton gave the ■ I';:, J I i- ■ ;:i !■ ■ ". i: , Ive. He assisted in ' _ , I : . Miifederation for the I' 1-1 .and \Mi- ' ii iiniiaiiof the com. of the whole upon its adoption. Morton, Marcus, LL.D. (II.U. 1840), lawyer and politician, b. Freetown, Ms., Feb. 19, 1784; d. Taunton, Feb. 6, 1864. Brown U. 1804. He studied law; in 1811 was cho- sen clerk of the Ms. senate ; was M. C. i n 1 8 1 7- 21; member of the exec, council in 1823; lieut.-goT. in 1824; in 1825-39 a judge of the State Supreme Court ; and was in 1840 and 1843 gov. of the State ; collector of the port of Boston in 184.5-8, when he resigned; and, quitting the Democ. party, took part in the Freesoil movement. Member of the Const. Conv. of 1853, and of the State legisl. in 1858. Morton, Nathaniel, historian, b. in the north of Eng. 1613; d. Plymouth, Ms., June 29, 1685. He came to America with his fa- ther George (supposed to be G. Mourt of " Mourt's Relation ") in July, 1623. lie was sec. of Plymouth Colony from 7 Dec. 1647 to his death. His " New England's Memorial," written mainly from the MS. colls, of his uncle. Gov. Brailford, was pub. at Cam- bridge iu 1669 ; an edition was printed in 1721, and another in 1826, with many valuable notes by lion. John Davis. It relates principally to Plymouth Colony, and has been of great ser- m:or 641 TtlOR vice to later historians. A 6th edition was pub. by the Cong. Board 1855. In 1680 he wrote a brief eccles. history of the Church at Plymouth, preserved in Young's " Chronicles of the Pil-rims." ^:' ~ Morton, Oliver P., h Wayne Co., Ind., 4 Aug. 1S23. Educated at the Miami U. ; adm. to the bar in 1847 ; app judge 5th Jud. Circ. of Ind. in 1852; lieut.-gov. 1860; gov. 1861-5, rendering great service to the Gen. Govt, during war for the Union ; U.S. sena- tor for the term of 1867-73 ; app. minister to Eng. 23 Sept. 1870, and declined. Morton, Samcel George, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1820; Edinb. 1823), a disting. naturalist, b. Phila. Jan. 26, 1799 ; d. there May 15, 1851. In 1826 he established himself as a physician in Phila. He was rec. sec of the Acad, of Nat. Sciences in 1825, and its prcs. in 1840; was prof, of anatomy in the Pa. Med. Coll. from Sept. 18, 1839, to Nov. 6, 1843; and was a member of many learned societies in various parts of the U.S., in Europe, and in the East. In 1834 he made a voyage to the W. Indies, where he studied the 'di%'ersity of races, and the relations resulting from their cont.act. subjects, to the " Transactions " of the Acad., the Med. and Physiol, .fournal, SilUman's .Jour- nal, and the " Transactions of thePliilos. Soci- ety." Dr. Morton pub. " Illustrations of Pul- monary Consumption," Phila. 1834; "An Il- lustrated System of Human Anatomy," Phila. 1839 ; '■ Cvania Ammrana," Phila. and Lond. 1839; and "Crania Er/i/ptiacn," Phila. 1844. The former was pronounced by Prof. Silliman " the most important, extensive, and valuable contrilintion to the natural history of man which has yet appeared on the American con- tinent." ilis collection of skulls, which em- braced, according to the catalogue of 1 849, no less than 1,512 specimens, of wliich about 900 were human, is said to be the most extensive and valuable in the world. A selection of his inedited papers was pub., with additional con- tributions from Dr. J. C. Noti and George R. Gliddon, under the title of " Types of Mankind, or Ethnological Researches, based upon the Ancient Monuments, Paintings, Sculptures, and Crania of Races," &c. A Memoir has been pub. by Charles D. Meigs, M.D., and an- other bv Geo. B. Wood, M.D. An appendix to the former contains a full list of Dr. Mor- ton's writings. Morton, Sarah Westworth ■(Apthorp), poetess, called " the American Sappho," b. Braintree, Ms., Ang. 29, 1759; d. Quincy, Ms., May 14, 1346. She m. at Quincy, Feb. 24, 1781, Hon. Perez Morton. She obtained great celebrity, under the signature of " Phile- nia," bv her contributions to the Ms. Marj. Pub. in" 1790 "Ouabi, or the Virtues of Na- ture;" "Beacon Hill," a poem in 5 books, Boston, 1797 (see preface to Paine's "Ruling Passion," 1797); and in 1823, in 8vo, "My Mind and its Thoughts." Her husband Perez, lawver and Revol patriot, b. Plymouth, Ms., 13 Nov. 1751, d. Dorchester, 14 Oct. 1837. H.U. 1771. Speaker of the house in 1806-1 1 ; atty.-gen. of Ms. 1811-32, and a dulcg. to the State Const. Conv. in 1820. 41 Morton, Thomas, b. Eng. ; d. Agamenti- cus, Me., ah. 1646. Author of " The New English Canaan," containing an account of the natives, a description of the country, and the tenets and practice of the Church, '4to, 1632; rcpr. in Force's Tracts, iii. He was a lawyer who came over with \V (.■■.ton's Company in June, 1622; and, ictuniin-, came ag.iin with Capt. Wollaston in 162.'), and settled at .Mount Wollaston, now Braintree. On May Day, 1626, this place was renamed Ma-re Mount, anil became so obnoxious by the free and licen- tious manners and lives of Morton and his associates, that he was taki-n ami s nt to Eng. in June, 1628. In 1629 lie n :;.rn.,l, l,ut was again seized and trans|iort..iil as Pauline, in the " Lady of Lyons," at the Park Theatre. She became a favorite with the pub- lie, and began an engagement at the Howard Athenseum, Boston, Nov. 30, 1845. In Nov. 1847, she went to Europe; played successful engagements at Manchester, London, and Dublin; and was at onetime li-ailin:,' lady at the Marylebone Theatre. Ibr husband dieil abroad; and her success in faiu'. was at the time largely due to ilr. E. L. Davenport, with whom she acteil for many months. After her return to America in jidy, IS5I, she ap- peared in all the leading cities, but took leave of the stage on being married, June 7. 1854, to W. F. Ritchie, editor of the Hirhmond En- quirer. She afterward lived in Eng., and corresp. with several American papers. Her other writings arc " Armand." a drama, IS47 ; "The Formnedlnnter," 18.-,4 ; " Autohi.ig. raphy of an Actress," 1854 ; "Mimic Life." 1856; "Twin Roses," 1857; "Fai.v Fin- gers," "The Clergyman's Wife and Other Sketches," 1867 ; and " The Mute Singer." Mowatt, Henet, capt. R.N. ; d. Hampton Roads, March, 1797. Lieut. M., with Gov. Poivnal, selected a site for the fort on the Pe- nobscot in the spring of 1759. Oct. 18, 1775, he set on fire and destroyed a great portion of Falmouth (now Portland), Me. He continued on the Amer. coast throughout the war ; be- came a post-captain 26 Oct. 1782; and was at Nova Scotia in 1796. 645 r,: Mower, Joseph A, brev.maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Vt. ab. 1830; d. N. Orleans, 6 Jan. 1870. He received a plain education, and learned the trade of a carpenter- Private in an enter, com- pany in the Mexican war; app. from Ct. lieut. 1st Inf. 18 June, 1855; capt. 9 Sept. IS61 ; in the opening battles of the war in Ky. and Tinn. ; prominent in the capture of Island No. Ten ; conspicuous at Corinth, severely wounded, and was for a time in the hands of the enemy ; die- ting, for his gallant defence of Milliken's Bend ; brig.-gcn. of vols. 29 Nov. 1862; major-gen. 12 Aug. 1664 ; com. a brigade in the attack on Vicksburg in May, 1863, and in the Chatta- nooga operations ; com. a division under Gen. Banks in La. in Apr. 1864, and under Sherman in the Atlanta campaign and in the Ga. and Carolina campaigns, and rose to the com. of the 20th corps ; brevs. of col. for capture of Jackson, Mpi., 14 May, 1863; brig.-gen. for Fort de Russy, La. ; and ma).-gen. for passage of the Salkehatchie, Ga., 13 Mar. 1865. Col. 25th Inf. 28 July, 1866. Mowry, Svlvestkk, author of " Geogra- phy and Resources of Arizona and Sonora," 1865, b. U.I. ab. 1830. West Point, 1852. 1st lieut. 3d. Art. ; resigned 31 July, 1858. Uele- 1 Congress from Arizona in 1857 and '59 ; '.S. comm. to ran boundarv-line bet. Cal. and the U.S. Ter. 1860-1. D.Lon. 17 Oct. 1871. Moylan, Stephen, brev. brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. Ireland, 17.34 ; d. Phila. Apr. 11, 1811. A bro. of the R. C. bishop of Cork. He was a resident of Phila. ; was among the first to hasten to the camp at Cambridge ; and, being a man of education and gentlemanly address, was selected by Washington, March 5, 1776, to be • one of his aides-de-camp ; and June 5 was app. commiss.-gen. Want of exact business-habits unfitted him for that duty, and he soon resigned, and re-entered the line as a vol. Early in 1777 he com. the 4th Light Dragoons ; Oct. 4, 1777, was at Germantown; July 20, 1780, accomp. Wayne in the exped. to Bull's Ferry; in 1781, with the Pa. troops, accomp. G jnib. the Life of his uncle. Gen. Muhlenberg, Phila. 1849. Muhlenberg, Henry Melchior. D.D., patriarch of the Lutheran Church in Anierieii, b. Eimbeck, Hanover, Sept. 6, 1711 ; d Oeu 7, 1787. He was a pastor, and also gave in- struction in Francke's Orphan House at Halle. In the fall of 1742 he came a missionary to Phila.; but afterward lived at the Trappe, Montgomery Co. He devoted himself to preaching, searching out and relieving the des- titute, building up churches, and visiting dis- tant points as far even as Ga. In 1748 he was instrumental In organizing the first Lutheran .synod in Amer., — that of Pennsylvania. " The Life and Times of Muhlenberg," by M. L. Sidcver, has been pub. by the Lutheran Board Mxm Mxnsr of Publication. He was the principal contrib. to tlie Hallische Nachric/Uen, Halle, 1747-63. Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel, inaj.-gen. Revol. army, b. at the Trappe, Pa., Oct. 1, 1746; d. near Sehuj-lkill, Pa., Oct. 1, 1807. Son of the preceding, and.wiih his bros., was educated in Germany. While at Halle, he ran away from college, and was for a year, and until discovered liy a friend of his fiimily, a private in a rcgt. of dragoons. His father prepared him for the ministry of the Lutheran Church. Ord. in 1772, and officiated as a clergyman at Woodstock, Va., for a few years, but, after the commencement of the Revol., re- solved to lay aside his clerical robes, and, enter- ing the pulpit for the last time, in the course of his sermon told his hearers that there was a time for all things, — a time to preach, and a time to fight, — and now was the time to fight. After the services, he stripped oflF his gown in the pulpit, and, appearing in full uniform, read his commission as col., and ordered the drummers to beat up for recruits. Large num- bers of his parishioners joined his standard; and the " German regt." (8th Va.) was dis- ting. for its discipline and bravery. He had been in 1774 chairman of the com. of safety in his county, and also a member of the house of burgesses, and in 1776 a member of the State convention. He was in the battle at Charleston in 1776; Feb. 21, 1777, was made brig.-gen., and ordered to take charge of the Va. liue ; joining the army at Middlebrook in May following, he was in the battles of Bran- dywine, Germantown, and Monmouth, and was at the capture of Stony Point; holding the chief com. in Va., in 1780, until the arrival of Steuben, he opposed the invasions of Leslie and Arnold, and, when Cornwallis entered Va., he was next in com. to Lafayette; he com. the first brigade of light inf. at Yorktown, and at the close of the war was made a maj.-gen. Removing to Pa., he was immediately elected a member of the council ; in 1 785 was chosen viee-pres. of Pa. ; was M.C. 1789-91, '9.3-5, and 1799-1801 ; was U.S. senator in 1801-2 ; and was app. by Jefferson supervisor of the revenue for the Dist. of Pa. ; in 1803 he was made collector of the port of Phila. — See Life of Gen. M., hif H. A. Muhlenberg, 1849. Muhlenberg, Rev. William Aug., D.D. (Col. Coll. 1834), was for many years the head of St. Paul's Coll., Flushing, L. I. ; now rector of the Epis. Church of the Holy Communion, N.Y. In 1823 he pub. " Church Poetrv ; " and has since pub., in connection with Pr. Wainwright, " Music of the Church ; " " The People's Psalter," new ed. 1858; and has also produced several highly-esteemed hymns, the best known of which is, " I would not live alway." Mullaney, J. R. Madison, comrao. U. S.N., b. N.Y. Oct. 26, 1816. Midshipm. Jan. 7, 1832 ; lieut. Feb. 29, 1844 ; capt. July 25, 1866 ; comino. 1870. Engaged at the capture of Tabasco in the Mexican war ; com. steam- er " Wyandotte " at l^ensacola, in Apr. and May, 1861 ; and aided in protecting Fort Pick- ens from rebel attacks, and also in its re-enforce- ment; com. steamer " Bienville," Apr. 1862- Aug. 1864 ; occasionally engaged with the forts on the coast ; com. steam-sloop " Onei- da" during attack on Forts Morgan and Gaines, rebel iron-clad " Tennessee," and gun- boats, Mobile Bay, Aug. 5, 1864; lost left arm, and received a wound in the leg, by a shell from " The Tennessee " in that battle ; com. Mcdit. squad. 1869-71. — Uamersli/. MulMgan, Col. James A., b. Uiicai NY., of Irish parents, June 25, 1830; d. of wounds in Winchester, Va., July 29, 1864. His family removed to Chicago in 1836 ; and he, after grad- uating at the U. of St. Mary of the Lake in 1850, began to study law. In 1851 he aceomp. J. L. Stephens, the explorer, to the Isthmus of Panama. Returning to Chicago, he re- sumed his studies, and edited a weekly Catho- lic paper, the Western Tablet. Adm. to tlia bar in Nov. 1855; in the winter of 1857 he was a clerk in the dept. of the interior at Wash- ington. Soon after the war broke out, he be- came col. 23 III. Inf.; Sept. 1, 1861, he left Jefferson City for Lexington, Mo., took the com., and defended the place heroically for 9 days against an attack in overwhelming force by Gen. Price; he surrendered Sept. 20, and was exchanged Nov. 25. Returning to Chica- go, he re-organized his regt., and, after a short lecturing-tour in the Eastern States, took com. of camp Douglas, and afterward participated in several hard-fought battles in Va. He was offered a commission as brig.-gen., but declined Munford, William, lawyer and poet, I). Mecklenberg Co., Va., Aug. 15, 1775; d. Richmond, Va., June 21, 1825. Wm. and Mary Coll. His father, Col. Robert Munford, a Revol. patriot, was the author of two dra- matic compositions, entitled " The Candidate," and "The Patriots," pub. at Petersburj:, Va., 1798. The son studied law under George Wythe; was in 1797-1801 a member of tho house of delegates ; served four years as sena- tor ; was then a member of the privy council until 1811 ; and was clerk of the house of del- egates from 1811 to his death. He was also for several years the reporter of the decisions of the Sup. Court of Appeals in Va., of which 4 vols. (1806-9) were prepared in conjunction with W.W. Hening; and 6, from 1810 to 1820, were from his own pen. In 1819 he assisted in revising the V'a. statute laws. Also author of an early vol. of Poems, &c., Richmond, 1798; and a translation of the Iliad into blank verse, 1846. In 1806 he delivered in the Capitol at Richmond a funeral eulogiuin on his friend Chancellor Wythe. MunOZ, John Baptist, a Spiinish histo- rian, b. Museno, near Valencia, in 174,); d. Apr. 1800. Educated in the U. of Madrid. He acquired considerable reputation by his writings on theology and philosophy. App. cosmogra- pher of tlie Indies by order of the king, he be- gan a history of America, of which he lived to pub. only one vol., under the title of " Hislo- ria del Niiova Mumlo," Madrid, folio, 1795. Munroe, John, brev. col. U.S.A., b. Scot- land ; d. N.Brunswick, N.J., Apr. 26, 1861. West Point, 1814. Entering the art., he be- came capt. 2 March, 1825 ; brev. maj. for cam- paigns against the Florida Indians, Feb. 15, 1838 ; major 2d Art. Aug. 18, 1846; chief of 6l7 art. to Gen. Taylor, July, 1846 ; brev. lieut- col. for Monterey, Mux., May, 1847; brev. col. for battle of Buena Vista, Feb. 23, 1847 ; militarv and civil gov. of N. Mexico, Oct. 1849-18.50; lieut.-col. 4th Art. Nov. 11, 1856. Munsell, Joel, printer and editor, b. Korthfield, Ms., Apr. 14, 1808. Established himself in Albany, 1827; pub. and edited "The New- York State Mechanic," 1841-3; compiled "Annals of Albany," 10 vols. 12mo, Albany, 1850-9 ; " Chronology of Paper and Papermaking," 3d ed., 8vo, 1864 ; " Every-day Book of History and Chronology," 8vo, 1858 ; " Collections on the History of Albany," 3 vols. 8vo, 1865-70; "Outline of the Hi'st. of Printing, and Sketches of Early Printers," 8vo, 1839. He has also pub. " Historical Series," 10 vols., partly edited and annotated by himself, and other hist, works ; and has pub. also the Unionist, Albany Daily State Reffister, Albany Morning Express, and Statesman. His large coli. of works on printing was in part purchased by the State for its library. Mr. Mun.sell has also contrib. papers to " The Trans." of the Albany Institute. Few if any of our hist, writers have done so much as he in publishing Amer. docu- mentary history ; and much of it has been done without remuneration. Y. C. 1733. He studied divinity under Dr. Stiles ; was chaplain to Lord Gardner, sta- tioned at Long Island in the French war of 1755; studied medicine under Dr. John Dar- Iv ; entered upon practice at Bedford, N.Y., in 1756; and in 1760 removed to New Haven, where, for more than 50 years, he enjoyed a high reputation. Pres. of the Med. Soc. of Ct., ami was a prof, in the Med. School of Y. C. from its organization until his death. Dur- ing the Kevol. war, be was often in the legisl. His son iENEAS (Y. C. 1780), assist, surgeon Revol. armv 1780-3, afterward a merchant of N. H., d there 22 Aug. 1832, a. 89. — Thacher. Murat, Pbinxe Charles Locis Napo- leon AcHiLLE, son of the king of Naples, b. Paris, Jan. 21, 1801 ; d. in Jefferson Co., Fla., Apr. 15, 1847. After the expulsion of his family from Italy, Prince Murat resided in Austria until 1821, when he removed to the U.S., and settled in Florida. He m. a grand- niece of Washington, and wrote " A Moral and Political View of the U. S.," 1832; " America and the Americans," 1849. Murdocll, James Edward, elocutionist and comedian, b. Pliila. 25 Jan. 1811. He made his d^ut upon the Phila. stage in 1829 ; first appeared in the Tremont Theatre, Boston, in Aug. 1836; and at the Park Theatre, N.Y., in 18.38, as Benedick, in " Much Ado about Nothing;" and in 1840-1 was manager of the Chestnut-st. Theatre, Phila. He played at the Haymarket, London, in 1856. In 1858 he bought a farm in Lebanon, O. He has played in the principal theatres of the U.S., and excels in genteel comedy ; he is also dis- ting. as an elocutionist ; and, in conjunction with Wm. Russell, pub. " Orthophonv, or Cul- ture of the Voice," 12mo, Boston, 1845. Dur- ing the Kebellion, Mr. Murdock devoted him- self to the care of the sick and wounded sol- diers, and gave entertainments all over the coun- try in aid of the Sanitary Commission, serving for a while on the staff of Gen. Rousseau. Murdock, James, D.D. (HU. 1819), Cong, clergyman and author, b. Westbrook, Ct., Feb. 16, 17(6; d. Columbus, Mpi., An", lo' 1856. Y.C.1797. Ot Scotch-Irish descent. He was left an orphan at the age of 14. He stud- ied theology under Timothy Dwight; for a short time was preceptor of Hopkins gram- mar-school, New Haven, and also, for one year, of Oneida Acad. Licensed to preach in Jan. 1801 ; ord. ministerof Princeton, Ms., June 23, 1802; in 1815 he became prof, of ancient lan- guages in the U. of Vt. ; and from 1819 to 1828 was prof, of sacred rhetoric and eccles. hist, in the And. Theol. Sem. In 1829 he removed to New Haven. While at Andover, he pub. two discourses on the Atonement. He pub. a translation from the German of Muen- scher's " Elements of Dogmatic History " in 1830; a translation of Mosheim's "Eccles. Hist.," accomp. by notes, 3 vols. 8vo, 1832; and " Sketches of Moral Philos.," 1842 ; a literal translation of the New Test., from the Paschito Syriac version ; and a translation, from the Latin, of Mosheim's " Commentaries on the Affairs of the Christians before the Time of Constantino the Great," 8vo, N.Y. 2 vols. 1852. Pres. of the Ct. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, vice-pres. of the Ct. Philolog. Society, and one of the founders of the Amer. Oriental Society. A notice of him is in "Brief Memoirs of the Class of 1797," by Thus. Day and James Murdock. Murphy, Henry Crude, politician and ~ author, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., 3 July, 1810. Col. Coll. 1830. Adm. to the bar in 1833; prac- tised in Brooklyn ; was city attv. ; mayor in 1842; M.C. 1843-9; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1846; minister to Holland in 1857-61; and, since, a member of both branches of the State legisl. In early life he was a con- trib. to the Amer. Quarterly Review and other periodicals. He has written much in illustra- tion of the early Dutch history of N.Y. For the N.Y. Hist. Colls, he translated De Vrie's "Voyages from Holland, 1632-44," and " Broad Advice to the United Netherland Provinces;" " Anthology of New Netherland, or Transla- tions from the Early Dutch Poets of N.Y., with Memoirs," 1865. In 1868 he pub. a transl. of a Journal of a Voyage to N.Y. in 1679-80. —&e Notice in Democ. Rav. xxi. 78 ; Duyckinck. Murphy, John, gov. of Ala. 1825-9, b. B.C. 1786; d Clark Co., Ala., Sept. 21, 1841. S.C. Coll. 1808. He was clerk of the senate of S.C. ; and M.C. from Ala. in 1833-5. Murrah, Pendleton, gov. Texas 1863-5; b. Ala. ; d. Monterey, Mex., 23 Sept. 1865. Brown U. 1848. Murray, Com. Alexander, senior officer of the U.S.N., b. Chestertown, Md., 1755; d. at his seat near Phila. Oct. 6, 1821. His grandfather, who settled in Barbadoes, was an adherent of the Pretender; and his father was a physician. He went to sea early, and com. a vessel in the European trade at the age of 18. App. a lieut. in the Revol. navy at 21 ; and, no vsesel being in readiness to receive him, he 648 m;ur served in Smallwood's Md. regt. at White Plains, Flatbush, and N.Y. ; was made a capt., and served bravely to the close of the campaign of 1777. About the time of the evacuation of New York, he was severely injured by the bursting of a piece of ordnance in a battery at which he was stationed. He ram. at different periods several letters-of-nuirque, and in a number of well-fought naval actions exhibited intrepidity and skill. Having been captured by an English fleet, and soon afterwards e.x- changed, he volunteered his services as a lieut. on board the frigate " Trumbull," which, after clearing the capes of Delaware, and during a ter- rible storm at night, was attacked and_ taken by two British vessels of war. In this san- guinary engagement Murray behaved with die- ting, gallantry, and was severely wounded. On his recovery and exchange, he was selected as first lieut. of" Tiie Alliance " frigate, com. Bar- ry. He was in 13 battles in the army and navy. When our govt, organized a navy, he was com- missioned capt. (July 1 , 1 798) ; the com. of the corvette " Montezuma," 20 guns, was given him ; and he subsequently com. the frigates "Insurgent" and "Constellation." Being despatched with a squadron to the Mediterra- nean in 1842, his ship, while alone, was at- tacked by a squadron of Tripoline gunboats, which he drove into their own harbor. Murray, Alexander, conimo. U.S.N., b. Pa., Jan. 2, 1818. Midshipm. Aug. 22, 18.35 ; lieut. Aug. 12, 1847; cum. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866; commo. 1871. Engagedat Tabasco, Tuspan, and Vera Cruz, and slightly wounded at Alvarado, during the Mexican war; in coast survey 1846-9 and 1857-9; com. steamer "Louisiana," N.A.B. squad., 1861-2; at repulse of rebel steamer "York- town," off Newport News, Sept. 1861 ; battle of Roanoke Island, Feb. 8, 1862; destruction of Lynch's fleet, Feb. 10, and battle of New- bern, Feb. 14, 1862; engaged with Wise's di- vision, battle of Wintoii, N. C, 1862; com. naval forces at battle of Kinston, N.C., and at repulse of Hill's forces from Newbern, N.C. ; com. naval exped. up the York and Pamunkey Rivers, destroying 27 vessels, in May, 1 862 ; on special duty in the sounds of N.C. 1863 ; com. steamer " Augusta," special service, 1866- 7. — Hamersly. Murray, James, a British gen. ; d. June, 1794. He was 5th son of the 4ih Lord Eli- bank ; was made licut.-col. 15th Foot, Jan. 5, 1751 ; served with Wolfe in the exped. against Rochefort ; Jan. 5, 1758, was made col. in America in the exped. against Louisburg, where he com. the 2d brigade ; was junior briga- dier under Wolfe at Quebec in 1759, com- manding the 3d brig, on the Plains of Abraham; was app. gov. of Quebec, Oct. 23, 1759 ; was commissioned col. com. 1st batt. Royal Amer- ican regt. Oct. 24; maj.-gen. Jnlv. 1762; gov. of Quebec, Nov. 21, 1763, to 1766; col. 13th Foot, Dec. 1767; lieut. gen. May 25, 1772; lieut.-gov. of Minorca in 1774; gov. 1778; gen. 1783; gov. of Hull 1785; and col. 21st Fusileers, June 5, 1789. Though defeated by De Levis in the second battle of Quebec, yet by his courage and ability he held Quebec until aid arrived from Eng. Gen. Murray was sub- sequently disting. for his gallant though un- successful defence of Minorca, in 1781, against Dc Crillon. Murray, James, a partisan officer in the service of the E.L Co., b. Exeter, R.I., ab. 1765 ; d. 1806. In consequence of a quarrel with his family, he went to sea in early life, changing his name (Lilliliridge) to that of Murray. In 1790 he entered the service of Holkar, the fa- mous Mahratta chief, and soon became noted forhis bravery and military skill. Incurring the displeasure of Holkar by bis humanity lo some British officers, after 15 years' service he aban- doned him, and, raising a large force, occupied as a sovereign a large dist. When the war broke out between the British govt, and Sciu- dia, Murray joined Lord Lake with a body of 7,000 cavalry, and was employed by him in many dangerous and important services. At the siege of Bhurtpore he was in continual action, and attained the character of being the best partisan officer in the array. At the close of the war, having acquired a large fortune, he de- termined to return to America. At a splendid entertainment given by him a few days before his intended departure from Calcutta, he mounted a favorite Arabian horse to leap over the dining-table, — a feat which he had often performed for the entertainment of his guests ; but the horse, having his feet entangled in the carpet, threw his rider, who died from his inju- ries soon after. He was the best horseman in India, and unrivalled in the use of the broad- sword. Murray, James, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, a dissenting divine and author; d. Eng. 1782. Author of" History of tlie American War," 4 vols. 8vo, London, July 29, 1T78; "Sermons to Asses," 12mo ; and " A History of the Churches of England and Scotland," 3 vols. 8vo, 1771. Murray, John, the founder of Univer.^alism in Auier., and an eloquent preacher, b. Alton, Hampshire, Eng., Dec. 10, 1741 ; d. Boston, Ms., Sept. 3, 1815. His pious parents, who brought him up strictly, removed with him to Cork, Ireland, in 1752. He early became a convert to Methodism, and an occasional preacher in Wesley's connection. Returning to Eng. ab. 1760, he adopted Universalism ; emig. to the U. S. in 1770 ; and preached in N. Y., N. J., and subsequently in Newport, Boston, Portsmouth, NIH., and other places in New Eng., where his doctrines occasionally subjected him to violence. He resided in Gloucester, Ms., in 1774, and was ordered to depart on suspicion of being a British emissary ; but, through the exertions of his friends, he was enabled to remain and preach. In the spring of 1775 he was chaplain of the R I. brigade be- fore Boslon ; but a severe illness terminated this connection, and he returned to Gloucester, where he was established over a soeitty of Universalists. He took part in the first Uni versalist convention at Oxford, Ms., 1785, and for a number of years was a delegate to the gen. convention of that body. In 1788 he visited Eng. ; and in 1793 was installed over a society in Boston, where he passed the rest of his life. He published 3 vols, of Letters, and Sketches of Sermons, 1812-13; and wrote an MXTR Autobiography, of which tlie 8th edition was pub. in 1860, "lanio, Boston. His wiilow, Ju- dith Sargent, sister of Winthrop Sarjrcnt, a naiive of Cape Ann, d. Natcliez, Mpi., June 6, 1829, a. 69. She wrote " The Repository and Gleaner," 3 vols. 1798, over the mm de plume " Constantia;" also poetical essays, siijned "Honoria Martesia," in the Boston Weekly iu.urra-y, joun, x reso. minisier, u. Antrim, Ireland, 22 May, 1742; d. Newburvport, Ms., 13 Mar. 1793. " Educated at Edinburgh. He. came to Amer. in 1763 ; settled first as a pas- tor at Phila. ; from 1767 to 1779 in Boothbay, Me. ; and from 4 June, 1781, till his d., at New- buryport. Such was his eloquence, that a full company was raised for the Revol. army in two hours after his address for that purpose. He acquired great ascendency over the people of his district by his powers as a preacher and his patriotic activity. In Aug. 1777 he held a corresp. with Com. Collier about an exchange of prisoners. He pub. 3 sermons on Justifica- tion, 1780; 3 sermons on the Original Sin im- puted, 1791. Murray, Lindlev, grammarian and au- thor, b. Swetara, near Lancaster, Pa., 1745 ; d. near York, Eng., Feb. 16, 1826. His father, who removed to New York in 1753, was a member of the Society of Fi lends, and a mer- chant. The son, after receiving a good educa- tion, studied law ; Wiis adm. to the bar in 1766, and soon after married. His limited practice was temporarily interrupted by a visit to Eng. ; but, on his return to New York in 1771, he re- newed it with more success. Mr. Murray's religious principles preventing him from taking part in tlie Revol. struggle, he retired to Islip, L.I., and employed his leisure in an abortive attempt to make salt. The bar, at this period, holding out little prospect, he became, like his father, a general merchant in N.Y. City, and with such success, that he was enabled, near the close of the war, to retire from business with a handsome competency. In 1784 he made a second voyage to Eng. for his health, and pur- chased a small estate at Holdgate, about a mile from York, upon which he resided till his death. In 1787 he pub. a tract entitled " The Power of Religion on the Mind," which passed through 1 7 editions. His next work, and th.tt by which he is principally known, was his " English Grammar," first pub. in 1795 ; succeeded by his "English Exercises " and " Key," an abridg- ment of which treatises was, in 1797, pub. in one volume. His other writings are " The English Reader," with an introduction and se- quel ; " The Eng. Spelling-Book ; " a new edi- tion of his Grammar, Exercises, and Key, in 2 8vo vols. ; a selection from Home's " Com- mentary on the Psalms ; " and " The Duty and Benefit of Reading the Scriptures." He wrote a memoir of his own life, pub. after his decease, with a continuation by Elizabeth Frank, York, 1826. His bro. John, Jun., philanthropist of K.Y., b. 3 Aug. 1758, d. 4 Aug. 1819. Murray, Nicholas, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1843), clergyman and author, b. Ballynaslow, Irelaiul, 25 Dec. 1802; d. Elizabethtown, N.J., 4 Feb. 1861. Wms. Coll. 1826. He came to the U.S. in 1818, and was apprenticed in the printing-house of Harper & Bros. He studied theology at Princeton, N. J. ; was settled pastor of a Presb. church in Wilkcsbane, I'a., in 1829 ; and from June, 1833, to liis death, was pastor of the First Church, Elizabeth town, N J. Moderator of the Presb. Gen. Assembly (O.S) in 1849. In 18.53, and again in 1860, he visited Europe. His " Letters to Archbi.shop H ughes," under the signature of "Kirwan," pub. in 1847, controverting with shrewdness and ability some of the doctrines and practices of the R.C. Church, were extensively reprinted in other lands, and gave him considerable re])utation. He also pub. " Notes, Historical and Biog., concerning Elizabethtown, N. J.," 1844 ; " Ro- manism at Home," 1852; "Men and Things as I saw them in Europe in 1853; " "Parish and other Pencilliiigs,"1854; "Happy Home," 1859; "Preachers and Preaching," 1860; "American Principles, and National Prosperi- ty ; " and a series of Letters to the N. Y. Observ- er during his last visit to Europe. A posthu- mous vol. of his sermons, entitled " A Dying Legacy," was pub. 1861. An interesting me- moir of Murray is in a vol. of Memoirs by Murray, Rev. William Hen. Harbison, Cong, clergyman, b. Guilford, Ct., 26 Ajjr. 1840. Y.C. 1862. Licensed to preach in 1863, he officiated several years in Greenwicli and other places in Ct. Since Nov. 1868 he has been pastor of Park-st. Church, Boston. Author of " Camp-Life in the Adirondack Mountains," 1 868 ; " Music-hall Sermons," 1 870. Eminent as a pulpit-orator and a lyceum-lectnrer. Murray, William Vans, diplomatist and orator, b. Md. 1762; d. Dec. 11, 1803, at his seat in Cambridge, Md. Receiving a classical education, he went to Lond. after the peace of 1783, and studied law in the Temple. The ob- servations of Price, Turgot, and Mably, sug- gested his pamphlet on "The Constitutions and Laws of the U.S.," which was much com- mended. He returned to Md. ab. 1785, and engaged in the practice of the law. Member of the Md. legisl., and of Congress in 1791-7. His name is conspicuous in the legislative an- nals of that period, few equalling him in elo- quence, or the other qualifications of a member of a deliberative assembly. App. by Washing- ton minister-plenipo. to the Batavian repub- lic, he restored the harmony which had been interrupted by the influence of France, and was app. by Pres. Adams sole envoy-extraordinary to the French republic. Judge Ellsworth and Gov. Davie were afterwards assoc. with him. Mr. Murray assisted in making the convention which was signed at Paris, Sept. 30, 1800, be- tween America and France ; then returned to his station as minister resident at the Hague, and in Dec. 1801 to his own country. Musgrave, Sir Thomas, 5lh hart., a British gen., b 1738 ; d. Dec. 31, 1812. Capt. 64th Regt. 1759; brev. major 1772; licut.-col. 40th Regt. Aug. 28, 1776; col.andaiile-de-camp to the king 1782; brig. -gen. in Amer. 1782; maj.-gen. 1790; gen. 1802. He was wounded at the battle of Pel ham Manor, Oct. 18, 1776. At the battle of Germantown, Oct. 4, 1777, he saved the day by throwing himself with 5 com- panies into Chew's stone house, where he sue- :mxjs 650 NA.G- cessfully lielJ the Amer. forces at bay until tlie repulsed British columns could rally"; and the Americans were compelled to abandon the field on which they came so near success. Muspratt, Susan Webb, well known to the theatrical world as Miss Susan Cusliman, particularly famed for her delineation of Juliet; b. Boston, Mar. 17, 1822; d. Liver- pool, Eng., May 11, 1859. Younger sister of Miss Charlotte Cushman: m., 1st, N. M. Mer- riman of Boston, Mar. 14. 1836; 2d, Prof. J. S. Muspratt of the Liverpool Koyal Coll. of Chenli^try, Mar. 22, 1848. She first appeared upon tlic! stage in N.Y. City in 1837, and, after a brilliant career of 10 years' acting in Europe and Aiiicrica, retired from the stage in Liver- pool in 1847. Mussey, Reuben Dimond, M.D., LL.D. (Dartin. Coll. 1854), surgeon, b. Pelham, N.H., June 23, 1780; d. Boston, June 21, 1866. Dartm. Coll. 1803; Phila. Med. School 1809. He practised in Salem from 1809 to 1814 ; was prof, of physic at Dartm. from 1814 to 1819, and of anatomy and surgery until in 1838 he became prot. of surgery in the Ohio Med. Coll. Ue resigned in 1852, and until 1860 was prof, of surgery in the Miami Med. Coll. ; he then settled in Boston, and pub. " Health, its Friends and its Foes." In 1830 he proved what Sir Astley Cooper had said was impossible, — that intra-capsular fractures could be re-united. He was the first to tie both carotid arteries. In 1837 he removed the entire shoulder-blade and collar-bone of a patient suffering from osteo surconia, — the first operation of the kind on record. He was an early laborer in the temper- ance cause, and applied the same principle to articles of diet. Pres. of the N.H. Med. Soc. Muter, George, chief justice of Ky. ; d. May 9, 1811. App. in 1777 lieut.-col. of Marshall's Va, Art. Kegt., Revol. army. Mutis, Don Jose Celestino, Spanish botanist and physician, b. Cadiz 1732 ; d. 1808, leaving unfinished his " Flora of New Grana- da," — a most valuable work. He became prof, of anatomy at Madrid in 1757; and in 1760 accomp. the Spanish viceroy to S. Amer. as his physician, and, devoting himself to scientific explorations, was the first to distinguish the various species of cinchona, the different proi> erties of which he has described in his " Historia de los Arboles del Quina." App. in 1 790 director of the Royal Acad, of Nat. Hist, at Santa Fe'. Muy, Jean Baptiste Loots Philippe UE Felix, Comte du,a French gen., b. Oliferes, Dec. 25, 1751 ; d. Paris, in June, 1820. He entered young into the service, and in 1775 recei.'ed from his uncle. Marshal Du Muy, sec. of war, the com. of the regt. of Soissonnais. Succeeding to the title of his father, Oct. 10, 1775, he made, at the head of his regiment, three campaigns of the American war, 1780-2, anddisting. himself at Yorktonn. Made raare- chalde-canip in 1788; served in 1792 in the Army of the South, being named gen. of divis- ion ; in 1795 was insp.-gen. of art. in the Army of the North ; served in Egypt; was captured by the English while on his return to France ; was soon afterwards exchanged ; made the cam- paign of 1806 against the Prussians and Rus- sians ; disting. himself, and obtained the govt. of Silesia. In Jan. 1811 he was elected to the senate ; com. the 2d military division at Mar- seilles in 1812-14, and was called to the cham- ber of peers in 1815. Myers, Albert J, brev. brig.-gen. U S.A., b. N.Y. Geneva Coll. 1847. M.l). U. of Buffalo, 1851. As.,i,-,t. surgeon U.S.A. Sept. 1854; maj. and chief signal-officer U.S.A. July, 1860; aide to Gen. McDowell at Bull Run ; com. signal corps. Army of Potomac ; col. signal corps. Mar. 1863; introd. study of milit. signals at West Point, 1863 ; chief sig. off. div, W. M|,i. Mav, 1864; brev. lieut.- col. for sen i. , s ai Hanover C. 11., Va. ; col. for Malv. Ilill, ami Ijiil;, -^.-en. for di.^t. services in the si-nal mrp., e.-perialiy Oct. 5, 1864, in saving by timely signals the post ami garrison of Allaloona, Ga. Author of " Manual of Signals for U.S.A. and Navy," 1868. — Henri/. Myers, Peter Hamilton, novelist, member of the Brooklyn bar; b Herkimer, N.Y., Aug. 1812. He has written " The First of the Knickerbockers, a Tale of 1673," 1848 ; " The Young Padrone, or Christmas in 1690," 1849 ; " The King of the Hurons," 1850, repuh. in Eng. as " Blanche Montaigne ; " and " The Prisoner of the Border, a Tale of 1838," 1857. He has also written 5 prize tales, for 3 of which ("Bell Brandon," "The Miser's Heir," and " The Van Veldons ") he received prizes of $200 each. In 1841 he delivered a poem on science before the Englessian Society of Hobart Free College. Nack, James, poet, b. N.Y. City ab. 1807. Deaf and dumb in consequence of an accident in childhood. Author of " The Legend of the Rock, and other Poems," 1827 ; " Earl Rupert, and other Poems," with a memoir of Nack by P. M. Wetmore, 12mo, 1839 ; " The Immortal, and other Poems," 1850; "Poems," 1852, with introd. by Geo. P. Morrb; also translations fi-om the Dutch, German, and French. His " Minstrcl-Boy " is autobiographical. — Allibone. Nadal, Bernard H., D.D., LL.D., Meth. clergyman and scholar, b. Md. 1815; d. Madi- son, N. J., 20 June, 1870. Diek.Coll. Joining the Baltimore conf. in 1835, ho preached in Md., Va., and Del., afterwards in Washington, Phila., Brooklyn, and N. Haven ; became a prof, in Asbury (Ind.) U. ab. 1850; was for one session chaplain to Congress ; and on the organization of the Drew Thcol. Scm. became prof, of church history, and, on the death of Dr. McCliutock, acting pres. While in Ind. he pnb. " Essays upon Church History " in the Meth. Quart. Review, which marked him as one of the ablest writers of his denomination. He was a forcible writer, and a chief contrib. to the Methodist. Naglee, Gen. Henry Morris, b. Phila. Jan. 15, 1815. West Point, 1835. He sei-ved a few months in the 5th Inf.; was a civil engineer until the Mexican war, in which ho served as capt. 1st N.Y. Vols. ; afterward en- gaged in commercial pursuits in San Francisco, where he is now (1870) a banker; 14 May, 1861, he was made lieut.-col. 16th Inf. ; resigned Jan. 10, 1862; brig.-gen. vols. Feb. 4, and joined Hooker's div. on the Lower Potomac; on the Peninsula he com. the 1st brigade, Casey's div., at Williamsburg and Fair Oaks, 651 where he was wounded ; in Oct. ho was attached to Koyes's ai'my eoi-ps at Yorktown, Va., of which he was made military gov. ; com. div. dcpt. of N.C. and dcpt. of South 186.3 ; com. 7th army corps July Aug. 1863 ; mustered out 4 Apr. 1864. Naglee, Gen. J.iMES, b. Pa. ; d. Pottsville, Pa., Aug. 22, 1866. Capt. 1st Pa. Vols, during the Mexican war; and in Apr. 1861 became col. 6th Pa. (3 months) Vols., serving at the first battle of Bull Run ; as col. 48th Pa. fought gallantly at South Mountain, where he com. a brigade in Sturgis's div. of IJurnside's corps; made brig.-gcn. Sept. 10, 1862; maj.- gen. 29 Nov. 1862. Res. May 9, 1863. Narvaez (nar-va-2 brought about reviviils in 32 vilUv.'cs of Ct., in Western Ms., and the adiaeent towns in N \'. In 1827 he pub. a vol. of " VilLi-e Hymns." He went to Va. for his health in 1827; re- turned in 1829, and preached in N. Eng. and N.Y. until 1831. In the spring of that year he made a voyage to Eng., also visiting Scot- land and Ireland. Returning in 1832, he was shortly after app. prof of pastoral duty in the newly-organized theol. sem. at E. Windsor; and, though he did not accept the office, he took up his residence in the place, and lectured occasionally to the students. Dr. Nettleton's eermons were chiefly extemporaneous. In later life he opposed the doctrinal views of the New-Haven school of theology. — See Memoir by Bennett Ti/ler, D.D. ; Remains and Sermons, erf. bi/ liev. H. Ti/ler, 12mo, Hartford. Ifeuman, John Nepomucene, D.D., R.C. bishop of Phila. ; consec. Mar. 28, 1832; b. Bohemia, Mar. 28, 1811; d. Jan. 5, 1860. U. of Prague. Ord. priest at N.Y. Jan. 2.'j, 1836 ; and subsequently entered the order of the Most Holy Redeemer. NeuwiedjOrWied, MAXuitLiAy Alex- ander Philippe, Prince of, a German natu- ralist and traveller; b. Sept. 23, 1782. He held the rank of maj.-gen. in the Prussian army, and explored Brazil from 1815 to 1817. He pub. " Reise nach Br.isilicn,'' 2 vols., Frank- fort, 1819-20 ; " Abhildtuyen :ur Nalurqesdiichte Brasiliens," Weimar, 1823-31 ; and " Beitruge zur Natiirgexchichte Brasiliens," 4 vols., Weimar, 1824-33. He subsequently travelled in the U.S., and wrote "Reise durch Nordamerihi," with 81 plates, 2 vols., Coblentz, 1838-43; Lond. 1843. He is the uncle of the present Prince Herman of Wied. Neville, Edmund, D.D., b. London. Ord. Prot.-Epis. Ch., Phila., 1840. Had charge of St. Thomas's Ch., Taunton, Ms., until 1842; rector of St. Philip's, Phila., 1842-50; of Christ Ch., N. Orleans, 1850-2 ; of St. Thomas's Ch., N.Y., 1852-6; returned in 1856 to Taun- ton ; and in 1857 became rector of Trinity Ch.. Newark, N.J. Author of " Autumnal Leaves," 1845; "George Selwood," 1848; "Questions on the Morn, and Even. Services," 1849; on "Nevin's Bibl. Antiq.," 1849 ; Sermons, and contribs. to National Preacher. — AUibone. Neville, Gen. John, Revol. soldier, b. on the head-waters of the Occaquan, Va., 1731 ; d. Montours Island, near Pittsburg, 29 July, 1803. He engaged in Braddock's expcd. in 1755; settled near Winchester, where he was some time sheriff; was in 1774 a dcleg. from Augusta Co. to the Prov. Convention; was col. 4th Va. Ecgt. in the Revol. war, and served at Trenton, Princeton, Gcrmantown, and Mon- mouth ; after the war he was a member of the exec, council of Pa., and, being a U. S. insp. under the excise law, was engaged in suppress- ing the Whiskey Insurrection in 1 794. Neville, Joseph, Revol. officer, and M.C. 1793-5, b. 1730; d. Hardy Co., Va., 4 Mar. 1819. Commiss. to run the boundary-line be- tween V.I. and Pa. Brig.-gen. State militia. Neville, Morgan, author, b. 1786; d. 1839. Son of Presley. He was some time editor of the Pittsburg Gazette; removed to Cincinnati ab. 1824; became sec. of an ins- comp., and contrib. to the periodicals of that city. " Mike Fink, the Last of the Boatmen," was pub. in the Western Souvenir for 1829. Neville, Col. Presley, Revol. officer, son of Gen. John, b. Pittsburg, 1756 ; d. Fair- view, 0., 1 Dec. 1818. U. of Phila. 1775. He served through the Revol. war, part of the time as aide-de-camp to Lafayette ; was made prisoner at the capture of Charleston ; afterward brigade insp., and member of the Assembly; a merchant of Pittsburg in 1 792-1 8 1 8. He m. a dau. of Gen. Daniel Morgan. Nevin, Alfred, D.D., Presb. divine of Pa. Jeff. Coll. 1838. Author of " Spiritual Progression;" "Hist. Sketch of the Congs. of Franklin and Cumberland Counties, Pa.," 12mo, 1853; "Guide to the Oracles," 1857. Nevin, John Williamson, D.D., theo- logian, b. Franklin Co., Pa., Feb. 20, 1803. Un. Coll. 1821. He studied 3 years in the Princeton Theol. Sera. ; was assist, teacher there two years, during wlueh he wrote " Biblical Antiquities," 2 vols., 1828 ; and was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Carlisle in 1828; fi-om 1829 to 1839 he was assist, teacher and prof, of Hebrew and biblical lit. at the theol. sem. in Alleghany City, and in the meanwhile was ord.; in 1833-4 he edited the Friend, a weekly literary journal ; in 1840 he removed to Merccrsburg, Pa. ; took charge of the theol. sem. there ; and from March, 1 841 , to 1 853, was pres. of Marshal Coll. In 1843 he pub. " The Anxious Bench," and a translation of Dr. SchafTs "Principle of Protestantism," with an introduction, and a sermon on " Catholic Unity ; " in 1846 he published " The Mystical Presence;" in 1847 the "History and Genius of the Heidelberg Catechism ; " in 1848 "Anti- christ, or the Spirit of Sect and Schism ; " " Summary of Bible Antiquities," 8vo, Phila. 1853. From Jan. 1849 to Jaii. 1853 he edited the Merccrsburg Revieu;, to which he is still a contrib. He resigned his professorship at the close of 1851, and now resides near Lancaster. Dr. Nevin was the originator and exponent of the " Mercersburg System of Theology." New, CoL. Anthony, Revol. officer, b. Gloucester Co., Va., 1747; d. near Elkton, Todd Co., Ohio, 2 Mar. 1833. M.C. from Va. 1793-1805, when he removed to Ky. ; and was M.C. from Ky. 18U-13, 1817-19, and 1821-3. Newberry, J. S., M.D. (Cleve. Med. Coll. 1848), LL.D., geologist, b. Windsor, Ct. NE-W 656 W. Rps. Coll. 1846. His emi?. ancestor went in 1635 from Dorchester, Ms., to W. In 1849-50 hi studied and trarcUed abroad ; estab- lished himself in practice in Cleveland in 1851 ; accomp. as assist, surgeon and geol. a U.S. sun'cy of N. California and Oregon in 1855; and pub. a vol. on tho geology, botany, and zoology of that region ; explored with Lieut. Ives tho Colorado River in 1857-S, and again wilh Capt. Macomb in 1859. During tho Rebellion he performed much labor in the ■Western U.S. Sanitary Com. Since 1866 prof, of geology Col. Coll., N.Y. ; and sinec l-^eg State geologist of O. He has been pros. of the Araer. Assoc, for the Adv. of Science ; ia now (1870) pros, of tho N.Y. Lyceum of Natural History, and is a member of many learned societies. Newcastle, Thomas Pelham Clintos, 2d Duke of, b. July 1752 ; d. May 17, 1795. He entered the army as ensign 12th Foot, Mar. 1769; became capt. 1st Drag. Guards, July, 1 770 ; exchanged into the Tst Foot Guards Apr. 1775, and came to America, wheru he served as aide-de-camp to his second cousin. Sir Henry Clinton, wilh whoso despatches, an- nouncing the fall of Charleston, S.C, he went to England in 1 780 ; he was shortly after made a col., and aide-de-camp to the king; maj.-gcn 1787; and succeeded to the dukedom in 1 794. NeTycomb, Harvet, D.D., author, b. Thetford, Vt., 1803; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Aug. 30, 1 863. Removing to Alfred, N. Y., in 1 8 1 8, the Buffalo Patriot 1828-30, the Pittsburg Clirislimi Ihrald 1830-31 ; and for the next 10 years wrote Sabbath-school books. Licensed to preach in 1 840, he had charge of the West Roxbury Cong. Church in 1 84 1 , and afterward of those of Needham and GrantviUe; in 1849 he was assist, editor of tho Traveller, and 1850- 51 of the N.Y. Observer; preached some time at the Park-street Mission Chiu-ch, Brooklyn ; and in 1 859 took charge of the church in Han- cock, Pa. He wrote 178 vols., mostly for children, among them 14 vols, of church his- tory; "Young Ladies' Guide," 1853; "Four Pillars, or the Truth of Christianity Demon- strated," 12mo, 1842; " Manners and Customs of tho N.A. Indians," 2 vols. 1 8mo ; and " Pastor's Gift." His largest work was " Tho Cyelopiedia of Missions," 8vo, 1 855. He was a regular contrib. to the Boston Recorder in 1 837-42, and to tho Youth's Companion for a much longer period; he also contrib. to tho Puritan Recorder and the N. Y. Evangelist. Newell, Robert Henry (" Orpheus C. Iverr "). humorist and poet, b. N. Y. City, 13 Dec. 1836. Educated liberally with a view to a profession. After a brief trial of mercantile lile. he became in 1858-9 literary ed. of tho N.Y. Atercmy, to which he contrib. those bur- lesque and satirically fanciful letters on tlie war of secession, under the .signature of Or- pheus C. Kerr ("office-seeker"), which have since appeared in 4 vols., and which stamped him as a genuine humorist. He relinquished his editorship in 1863, and visited Cal. He has also pub. "The Palace Beautiful," a vol. of serious and deseripiive verses; "Avery Gli- bun," &c., a romnnce in 2 vols. ; " The Cloven Fout," an adaptation of the "Mystery of Edwin Drood," 1870; and "Versatilities," a coil, of poems, 1871. Now preparing a hu- morous anil eccentric novel to be entitled " The Thief of Time," and contrib. to the Sumlav issue of the N. Y. ]Vorld " Social Studies." Newell, Samdel, missionary, b. Durham, Me., July 25, 1 785 ; d. Boml ay. May 30, 1 S21. H.U. 1807. He studied theology at Anilovcr. Offered himself as a missionary, .I'une 27, 1 s 1 ; was ord. at Salem with Jud>on, Nott, Rice, and Hall, Feb. 5, 1812; m. Hamet, duu. of Moses Atwood, Feb. 9, 1812, with whom, and in company with Judson, he sailed for Calcutta two weeks later. Ordered by tho Bengal govt, to leave on his arrival, he sailed to the Isle of France, thence to Ceylon, and finally, in 1817, joined Mr. Hall at Bombay. He was one of the first of our fort ign missionaries, and a signer of the paper which led to the Ibrmalion of the A.B.C.F.M. He wrote, with Mr. Hall, " Tho Conversion of the Wor'd, or the Claims of Six Hundred Millions," Andovcr, 1818 ; and "A Memoir of Harriet NcwlH" (b. 10 Oct. 1793, d. 30 Nov. 1812), a memoir of whom was also wi-itten by Dr. Woods. Newell, WiLLUM A., statesman, b. Ohio. Rutgers Coll. 1836. Adopted the medical profession, and settled in N. J.; M.C. 1847-51; gov. of N. J. 1857-60; deleg. to the Bait, con v. 1864. Newhall, Isaac, writer of a volume ascribing the authorship of " Junius " to Earl Temple, b. Lynn, Ms., 24 Aug. 1782 ; d. there July 6, 185S. A merchant in Salem in 1812- 15, he afterward lived in Macon, Ga., but finally settled in Lynn. Ho was well informed upon British politics and literature. Newman, Fran-cis, gov. of New Haven from 1 653 until his d. 1 8 Nov. 1660 ; was in 1 653, together with several others, app. an agent to wait on Gov. Stuyvesant at Manhadoes, and obtain satisfaction for the injuries which tho Dutch had inflicted on the Colony. He had previously been sec. of the Colony during the administration of Gov. Eaton ; assist, in 1 653 ; and in 1654 and '58 was one of the commissioners of the United Colonies. Settled at N.H. in 1638. Newman, Samuel, first minister ot I?e- he>boih, b. Banburv, Eng., 1002; d. Julv 5, 1063. U.ofOxf. 1620. Attirstaminislc'rof the Established Church. He came to N.E. ab. 1636; spent a year and a half at Dorchester, ab. 5 years at Weymouth; and in 1644 re- moved to Rehoboth. He compiled a " Con- cordance," the 5th ed. of which, with consid- erable improvements, was pub. Lond. fbl. 1720. Newman, Samuel p., prof, of rhetoric and oratory at Bowd. Coll. 1824-39, b. An- dover, 1796; d. Barre, Ms., while in charge of the State Normal School, Feb. 10, 184-.'. Bowd. Coll. 1816. Son of Mark. Pub. " Rhetoric," and a treatise on " Political Econ- omy," Southern Eclectic Readers, pts. i., ii., iii. iTewnan, Col. Daniel, b. N. C. ; d. Walker Co., Ga., 1851. App. licut. 4th U.S. Inf. March, 1799 ; resigned Jan. 1, 1802 ; adj. and insp.-gen. of Ga. ; eol. com. Ga. Vols, in two actions with E. Fla. Indians, Sept. and 657 NIC Oct. I8I2; (listing, in attack on Creek Indians in Autossee towns under Gen. Flovd, Nov. 29, 1813; lieut.col. com. Ga. Vols.' Dec. 1813; severely wounded in battle under Gen. Floyd with Creeks at Camp Defiance Jan. 27, 1814; M.C. 1831-3. ~ Gardner. Newport, C.4PT. CHRiSTOpnEK, an Eng- lish navigator, who commanded the first suc- cessful e.\ped. for the settlement of Va. He had previously acquired rt'putation in expeds. against the Spaniards in the W. Indies. With 3 vessels he set sail from Blackwall, Dec. 19, 1606; Apr. 26, 1607, they .saw and named Cape Henry and Cape Charles in honor of the sons of King James; landing Apr. 30, they named the spot Point Comfort, having recent- ly experienced a severe storm. They landed at Jamestown, the first permanent settlement effected by the English in N.A., May 13. Newport, in June, returned to Eng. Early the next year, he arrived opportunely with ad- ditional settlers and supplies. He soon after visited Powhatan at Werowocomoco, accomp. by Capt. Smith and a party of 30 or 40 men ; and next visited Opecancanough at Pamunkcy. He returned to Eng. after a delay of 3 and a half months, but visited Va. again late in 1608, bringing a second supply, including presents lor Powhatan. Ho subsequently came back to Va. in the fleet convoying Lord Delaware and the new charter to the Colony, but was wrecked at Bermudas, where they built a ves- sel, with which they reached their destination. Before returning to Eng. for the last time, he attempted, with RatclilFe, to depose Smith from the presidency, but was defeated in the at- tempt, and acknowled^'ed himself in the wrong. Newport's " Discoveries in Amer." were first pub. in 1860, in " Arclueologia Americana," vol. iv. p. 25, edited by Rev. E. E. Hale. Newton, Gilbert Stuart, artist, b. Halifax, N.S., Sept. 2, 1795 ; d. 5 Aug. 1835. Henry his father, a loyalist, left Boston in 1776 ; bec.trae collector of customs in Halifax; and d. 1803. The son was then brought to Boston ; became the pupil of his uncle, Gil- bert Stuart; visited Italy; and in 1817 went with Leslie to London. Social intercourse and ill-health limited his work, and for several years a mental disorder blighted and isolated his life. He was a good colorist ; had humor, genius, and pathos. Amons his works is the " Dull Lecture," " The Poet reading his Verses," portraits of John Adams and Wash- ington Irving, and scenes from " Gil Bias" and Moliere. — Tuckerman. Newton, Isaac, naval architect, b. Scho- dack, N.Y., Jan. 10, 1794; d. N.Y. Nov. 22, 1858. Son of a Revol. soldier; pursued the occupation of a ship-builder; and over 90 ves- sels have been constructed under his super- vision. The splendid Hudson-river boats, " Hendrick Hudson " and the " New World," were built by him ab. 1851. — Hist. May. iii. 27. Newton, John, brev. maj.-sen. U.S.A., b. Va. al). 1820. West Point, 1842. Entering the engr. corps, he was assist, prof, of eng. at West Point 1843-6; 1st lieut. 16 Oct. 1852; capt. 1 July, 1S56; maj. 6 Aug. 1861; brig.- gen. vols. 23 Sept. 1861 ; maj.-gen. vols. 30 Mar. 1863; lieut.-col. engrs. 23 Dec. 1865. He was engaged in various scrvii-LS, including the Utah exped. in 1858; the cun-truftion of Ft. Delaware, and repair of Ft. MitHin, IS.-18- 61 ; com. a liri;;ade in the Peninsular camp ; and eiiu'i-'' >' 1 'i . -s .Mill and Glendale; al.so at > .> 1 1 nil and Aiitietani, tor which 111' ,: > 1 . Svpt. 1862 ; com. a di- vision at Fi iK II 1.-! 111,.' aiidat Gettysburg, for which brov. col. 3 Jtilv, 1SB3; com' 1st corps from 2 July, 1863, to Dec. 18G3 ; com. 2d div. 4th corps in invasion of Ga. May-Sept. 18G4; and engaged at Rocky-faced Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw, Peach-tree Creek, Jonesbor- ough, and siege and capture of Atlanta; com. Dist. of Key West and Tortugas, Oct. 1864- June, 1865; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for Peach-tree Creek and Atlanta, Ga. ; and brev. m.ij.-gen. U.S.A. for gallant and merit, services during the Rebellion. — C.(//um. Newton, John Thomxs, capt. U.S.N., b. Va.; d. Washington, D.C., July 28, 1857. Midshipman, Jan. 16, 1809; lieut. July 24, 1813; master, March 3, 1827; capt. Feb. 9, 1 837 ; acting lieut. of " The Hornet " in the ac- tion with " The Peacock," Feb. 24, 1813 ; and 1st lieut. in that with " The Penguin," Mar. 23, 1815. Newton, Roger ; d. Milford, Ct., Jan. 15, 1771, a. 86. Col. and disting. in the expeds. of 1709-10; many years a member of the coun- cil, and 33 years judge of C.C.P. In his epi- taph are these lines : — '• Newton, as steel, inflexible from right lu faith, in law, in equity, in light." Newton, Thomas, lawyer, b. Eng. Jan. 10, 1661 ; d. Portsmouth, N.H., May 28, 1721. He was educated in Eng. ; was atty.-gen. for Ms. Bay 1720-1 ; dep. judge and judge of the admiralty; comptroller of the customs; sec. of N.H. until 1690; and for many years one of the chief lawyers of Boston. Nicholas, Ge.v., Revol. oflicer, b. Ireland. 1724; d. Alexandria, Va., 9 Aug. 1807. He was a scholar, and translated from the French a work on military tactics. Nicholas, George, statesman and jurist, eldest son of Robert Carter N., b. Hanover, Va. ; d. Ky. 1799. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1772. Was disting. during the Revoi. in the field and in the council ; maj. 2d Va. Regt. 1777, and afterward col. ; was a leading mem- ber of the convention which ratified the Federal Constitution ; was a member of the house of delegates, whose deliberations he almost entirely controlled. Emigrating from Va. in 1790, he was chosen a member of the convention for framing a constitution for Ky., which met April 1, 1792, at Danville, and of which instru- ment he may be called the author. He was the first atty.-gen. of the State. Nicholas, Robert Carter, patriot and statesman, b. Va. 1715 ; d. at his scat in Han- over, Va., 1780. Wm. and M. Coll. Son of Dr. George, who emig. to Va. ab. 1700, and in. a widow, Mrs. Burwell, n& Carter. He was named for Robert Carter, pres. of the council in 1726, and studied and practised law, in which he rose to eminence. While young he represented James City in the house of bur- gesses, in which he continued till the house of NIC 658 delegates was oifranized in 1777, and sat in that body, till, in 1779, app. a judge of the High Court of Chancery, and consequently of the Court of Appeals. From 1764 to 'l776 he was a conspicuous member of the party of which Bland, Peyton Randolph, and Pendle- ton were prominent lenders ; and in 1765 voted against the Stamp-Act resolutions of Henry; treasurer of the Colony in 1766-77 ; in 1773 was of the com. of corresp ; and was a mem- ber of all the conventions, and pres. pro tempore of that of July, 1775. He was a strong and- ready rather than an eloquentspeaker, a sound lawyer, and a good financier. His sons, all educated at Wm. and Mary Coll., and all disting., were George, John (M.C. 1793- 1801, who afterward removed to N.Y.), Wil- son Cary (gov. of Va.), and Philip Nor- BORNE (many years atty .-gen. of Va., pres. of the Farmers' Bank, member of the convention of 1829-30, and a judge of the Gen. Court). — Griqsl'y. Nicholas, Robert Carter, U.S. senator 1835-41, b. Va.; d. Terrebonne, La., 24 Dec. 1857. App. capt. 20th Inf. 12 Mar. 1812; maj. 12th Inf. March, 1813; lieut-col. Aug. 1814; charge d'affaires to Naples ; subsequently sec. of state of La. ; and in 1 85 1 became State supt. of public instruction. Nicholas, Samoel Smith, jurist, son of George, b. Lexington, Ky., 1796; d. Louis- ville, Ky., 27 Nov. 1869. At first a merchant in N. Orleans, afterward practised law in Louisville, Ky., with success, and in Dec. 1831 was app. judge of the Court of Appeals. Sub.sequently member of the State legisl. Author of a series of essays on Constitutional Law, and assisted in preparing the revised code of Kentucky. Nicholas, Col. Wilson Cart, statesman, son of Robert Carter, b. Hanover, Va. ; d. Mil- ton, Va., Oct. 10, 1820. Wm. and M. Coll. An officer of the Revol. army ; commanded Wasliington's Life Guard until its disbandment in 1 783 ; and a member of the convention which ratified the U.S. Constitution. He was a dis- ting. M.C. in 1807-9; U.S. senator in 1799- 1804, and ably supported the administration of Jellerson ; collector of the ports of Norfolk and Portsmouth in 1804-7 ; and gov. of Va. in 1814-17. lie pub. a letter to his constituents in 1809. Nichols, Edward T., capt. U.S N., b. Ga. Mar. 1, 1822. Midshipm. Dec. 14, 1836 ; licut. Mar. 13, 1850; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 26, 1866. Com. steamer "Winona," W. Gulf b'ock. squad., 1861-2; bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip ; received the surrender of the latter Apr. 28, 1862 ; at the attack and passage of Vicksburg batteries, June 28, 1862 ; engagement with rebel ram " Arkansas ; " bombardm. and passage of Vicksburg batteries, July 15, 1862; com. steamer "Alabama," W. I. squad., 1863; steamer "Mendota," N. Atl. block, squad., 1864-5 ; engaged with rebel bat- tery at Four-mile Creek, James River, June 1 6, 1864; chief .of staflf, Asiatic squadron, 1870. — Hamersly. Nichols, Edward W., landscape-painter, b. Orlord, N H., 1820; d. PeeksUll, N.Y., 20 .Sept. 1871. Son of a Baptist clergyman. Ha taught sacred music in N.E. ; afterward studied law at Burlington, Vt. ; and subsequently stud- ied art under Cropsey in N.Y., and for 2 years in Italy. His sympathy with and appreciation of the beauties of Nature eminently fitted him for his profession ; and his pictures are highly valued l^ good judges. Nichols, ICHABOD, D.D. (Bowdoin Coll. 1821 ; H.U. 1831), clergyman, b. Portsmouth, N.H, July 5, 1784; d. Cambridge, Ms., Jan. 2,1859. H.U. 1802. After studying theology at Salem, he was from 1 805 to 1 809 tutor in mathematics at Cambridge; Jan. 7, 1809, w.is ord. assoc. pastor with Rev. Dr. Deane of the First Cong. Church, Portland, at whose de- cease in 1 8 1 4 he became sole pastor, continuing so till 1855, when he received a colleague, and removed to Cambridge. Several years vice- pres. of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. In his theology he was a Unitarian of the con- servative school. He pub. in 1830 a work on Natural Theology, containing some original views and illustrations. "Remembered Words from the Sermons of Rev. I. Nichols " ap- pearcd in Boston, 1 860 ; " Hours with the Evangelists," 2 vols. 1861. Nichols, Mrs. Mart Sergeant Gove (Neal),M D.,b. Goftstown.N.H., 1810. Wide- ly known as a practitioner of the water-cure system, and author of " Lectures to Ladies on Anatomy and Physiology," 1 844 ; under the nom de plume of " Mary Orme," " Uncle John, or is it too much Trouble ? " "Agnes Norris," and "Eros and Anteros," "Amcr. Ecleetive Papers" in the Amer. Review, and many pieces in Godey's Lady's Book. — See Mrs. Hale's Woman's Record. Nichols, Moses, physician, and gen. of militia; d.Amherst, Nil., May,1790, a.49. At Bennington, Aug. 17, 1777, he commanded the troops sent by Stark to attack the rear of the enemy's left. He practised physic many years, and held various offices. His son Moses, phys. and judge, lived in Canada. Nichols, Mrs. Rebecca S., dan. of Dr. Reed of Greenwich, N. J., and wife of W. Nich- ols of Cincin. Has pub. " Bemice, and othir Poems," 1844; "Songs of the Heart and the Hearthstone," 8vo, 1 !<52 ; and has contrib. verses to the Guest, a journal edited by herself, and to other periodicals. Her earliest pieces appeared in the Louisville Journal and the Ncws-Letter, ab. 1840, over the signature "El- len." A series of sprightly papers, under the nom de plume " Kate Cleaveiand, were contrib. by her to the Cin. Herald. — See Poets and Po- etry of the West. Nichols, Richard, gov. of N.Y. and N.J.; was one of the four commissioners app. in 1664 to inquire into the state of the Colonies, to de- termine complaints in the various govts, of N.E., and subdue the Dutch at Manhadoes. They reached Boston in July, and soon pro- ceeded against the Dutch, who surrendered in Aug. After an administration in N.Y., con- ducted with great prudence, integrity, and mod- eration, Nichols returned to Eng., and was suc- ceeded by Col. Lovelace in 1667. The govt, of N.J. he resigned to Carteret in 1666. Nichols, William A., brev. maj.-gen. U S.A., b. Pa. 1817; d. St. Louis, Mo., Apr. 8, 659 NIC 1869. West Point, 1S3S. Entering the 2d Art., he served with distinction in the Mexican war, first as aide to Gen. Quitman, and then as as- sist, adj. -gen to Gen. Garland. Disting. at Monterey, Churubnsco, and Molino del Rey, and brev. capt. and maj. ; assist, adj.-gen. (rank of capt.) July 29, 1852; lieut.-col. Aug. 3, 1861 ; col. June 1, 1864; brev. brig.-gen. Sept. 24, 1864; and brev. maj.-gen. March 13, 1865. Nicholson, Alfued Osbokn Pope, l.iw- ycr and politician, b. Williamson Co., Tenn., Aug. 31, 1808. U. of N.C. 1827. Settled in Tenn. as a lawyer in 1831 ; in 1832-5 he ed- ited the Wrstern Mercuri/, a Dcmoc. paper, at Columbia, Tenn.; from' Dec. 1844 to 1846 he edited the Nashville Union ; was a member of the legist, in 18.33-9; U.S. senator in 1840-2; State seiiator in 1 843-5 ; chancellor of the mid- dle division of the State in 1845 and '51 ; prcs. of the Bank of Tenn. in 1 846-7 ; printer of the house during the 33d, and of the senate during the 34th, Congresses ; and in 1853-6 editor of the Washington Daili/ Union. He was a mem- ber of the convention which met at Nashville in 1850, and delivered there an elaborate speech in favor of the " compromise movement," then before Congress ; member of the Democ. nat. convention of 1852; and was offered by Gen. Pierce a cabinet appointment, which "he de- clined. Elected U.S. senator in 1859, he was expelled in July, 1861. Nicholson, Sir Francis, a colonial gov. ; d. Lond. March 5, 1728. He was by profes- sion a soldier, and was lieut.-gov. of N.Y. un- der Andros, and at the head of the administra- tion in 1687-9 ; gov. of Va. 1690-2 and 1699- 1705; gov. of Md. 1694-9. In 1710 he was com. of the forces that captured Port Royal Oct. 2. He returned to Eng. to urge another attempt on Canada, taking with him 5 Iroquois chiefs, who were presented to Queen Anne. He also com. the unsuccessful cxped. of the next year. Oct. 12, 1712, to Aug. 1717, he was gov. ot Nova Scotia. He was knighted in 1720; gov. of S.C. 1721-5 ; returned to Eng. in June, 1 725 ; and made a lieut.-gen. Author of " An Apology or Vindication of F.N., Gov. of S.C," Lond., folio, 1724; "Journal of an E.xpcd. for the Reduction of Port Royal," Lon4-, 4to, 171 1. Nicholson, James, com. U.S.N., b. Ches- tertown, Md., 1737 ; d. N. York, Sept 2, 1804. Ho was trained to the sea with his two bros., Samuel and John, afterwards capts. in the na- vy ; was at the capture of Havana in 1762; resided in New York in 1763-71; entered the Rcvol. navy in " The Defence," a Md. vessel, in 1775, in which, in Mar. 1776, he recaptured several vessels which had been taken by the British; was app. to com. " The Virginia," of 28 guns, in June, 1776 ; and in Jan. 1777 suc- ceeded Com. E-sck Hopkins as com.-in40. With Dr. John C. Pease, he edited a Gazetteer of Ct. and K.I., pub. in 1819. He pub. "The Ciiil Officer," a history of S. America and Mexico, 1838; "Life of Com. Perry," I8J0; and a number of orations, addresses, &c., upon a great variety of subjects; also an iinpruvcd edition of Robl)ins's Journal; edited for repub- lication in 1816 a large Eng. work, " The In- dependent Whig." He passed his later years in horticultural pursuits. In his will Senator Niles bequeathed S20,000 to be held in trust for the poor in Hartford. His library he gave to the Ct. Hist. .Society. Niles, NiTHAN.iEL, clergyman, inventor, and politician, b. South Ivineston, R. I., Apr. 3, 1741 ; d. Oct. 31, 1828, at West Fairlee, Vt. N.J. Coll. 1766. He studied medicine and law, taught a while in N.Y. City, studied theol- ogy under Dr. Bo'lamy, and |)reached in sev- eral places in N.E. Becoming a resident of Norwich, Ct., he invented a process uf making wire from bar-iron by water-power, and con- nected it with a wool-card manufactory. Re- moving after the Rcvol. to Orange Co., Vt., he filled several public offices in tha t State ; was speaker of the house in 1784; several years judge of the Supreme Court; M. C. in 1791-5; one of the censors for the revision of tho State constitution. lie pub. four discourses on "Secret Prayer," 1773; two discourses on " Confession of Sin and Forgiveness ; " two sermons on " The Perfection of God, the Foun- tain of Good," 1774 ; a sermon on " Vain Amusements ; " and a " Letter to a Friend," 1809; he also wrote " The American Hero," a Sapphic ode, once very popular in Norwich. — Sprof/ue. Niles, Samuel, minister of Braintrcc, Ms., b. Block Island, May 1, 1G74; d. May 1, 1762. II.U. 1699. He preached in Kingston, R. I., 1702-10; in-tailed at 2d Church, Braintree, May 23, 1711. Ho pub. "A Brief and Sor- rowful Account of the Present Churches in N.E.," 1745; "Vindication of Divers Impor- tant Doctrines," 8vo, 1752 ; " Scripture Doc- trine of Original Sin," 8yo, 1757; "God's Wonder-working Providence for N.E. in the Reduction of Louisburg," 1747; and a "His- tory of the French and Indian Wars," in " liist. Colls." 3d ser., vol. vi. — Sprarju-. Ninigret, Sacuem of Ni antic, a chief of the Narragansetts at the settlement of R. I. by the whites. Ho was tho uncle of Miantonomoh, but did not participate in his war with the Pcquots in 1632. In the Pequot war of 1637 he aided the English ; having \-isited tho West- em Indians, and the Dutch gov. Stnyvesant, he was suspected of plotting with them the destruction of the English ; and Sept. 20, 1653, the commissioners of the United Colonics de- clared war with him. It was not prosecuted, however, owing to tho opposition of Ms. Nini- gret meanwhile waged war with the Long- Island Indians; and, refusing to appear at Hartford, war was again declared m Sept. 1654. Maj. S. Willard led the exped., and NIN" 661 NOA broiylit oir 100 Pequots; but Ninigrct had acd. Oot. 13, 1660, he, with Scutt ip and other chiefs, mortgaged their territory to II. Atlierion and oth-jrs, and gave possession at Petter|uamseot in 1662. He kept aloof Ironi Pliilip's war 1675- 6, and escaped the ruin which overtook the other triljes. Nino (nen'-yo), Pei>p.o Aloxzo, a Spanish navigator, surnani-il VA y -jm (th- Black), b. Andalusia, 140;; ' i I v • One of the companions of (.']:i;ni :, m In, third voyage ; afterward com. a ■ .,r i , i, :iihi n, ,,le discoveries on and near the !S. Am iiLua cuast. Nisbet, CiiAULES, D.D. {N.J. Coll. 1783), scholar and (Uvinc, h. Haddington, Scotland, 21 Jan. 1733; d. Carlisle, Pa., Jan. IS, 1804. Edinb. U. 1754. Licensed to preach 24 Sept. 1760. Ho was long a clergyman at Montrose, Scotland, and inflacntial in the Gen. Asseml}ly from his powers of wit and argument. He openly favored V.v .-m r r,f th ■ Pn'oTii , in their revol. Btrug:,'!' . ■ ' M : f 11 '., Coll. on its cstablislnii ■ ; I i; 1 I; . I I i ID the Urgen- cy of Dr. i;.! M, a'i4 I rr -1 ,11 i'iiihi. in June, 1785. Liuaiiii'. to pivv.iii witii the trustees for a proper system of education, he resigned the next year, designing to return to Scotland ; changing his mind, he was re-elected in May, 1 786 ; entered -vigorously on the prosecution of his duties, performing the groat labor of de- livering four concurrent series of lectures on logic, the philosophy of the mind, belles-let- tres, and systematic theology, and struggled inoftectually to bring the education of the times up to his standard. lie was a man of decided ability and scholarship ; possessed great humor, and an extraordinary memory. His posthumous works were pub. in 1805; his Me- moirs, by Dr. Miller, 1 840. — Sprague. Nisbet, James, editor and author, b. Scot- land ab. 1800; d. 30 July, 1865, by the wreck of the " Bro. Jonathan " o;T Oregon. An un- successful novelist and journalist in Eng. and Australia, in 1855 ho went to Cal., where he pub. " Annals of San Francisco," and was connected wiih the CliTonide and the Bulletin, of which, on the assassination of Mr. King, ho became editor. Nixon, Gen. Johjj, Revol. officer, b. Fra- mingham, Ms., Mar. 4,1725; d. Middlebury, Vt., Mar. 24, 1815. He served as a soldier at the capture of Louisburg in 1 745 ; returned to his native place after 7 years' service in the army and navy ; again entered the army as a capt., and fought at Ticonderoga when Aber- crombio was defeated, and in the battle of Lake George. Afterward, falling into an ambuscade, ho cut liis way through the enemy, and es- caped, but with the loss of nearly all his party. In the llevol. he led a company of minute-men at Lexington ; and at Bunker's Hill, where he com. a regt., he received a wound from which he never entirely recovered. Made a brig.-gcn. Aug. 9, 1776. At the battle of Stillwater, where he com. the first brigade, Ms. line, a cannon-ball passed so near his head as to im- Eair permanently the sight of one eye and the earing of one car. In poor health, he re- signed his commission, Sept. 12, 1780; in 1803 hj removed \vith hiscliildron to Middlebury, Vt. Nixon, Col. John, Revol. ollicer, b. West- chester, Pa. ; d. Phila. 1 Jan. 1809. A mer- chant and an ardent patriot of Phila., he com. a regt. on Long Island and at Valley Forge. Pres. of thj Bank of N.A. 1782-1809. Nixon, Col. Thomas, bro. of Gen. John, b. Framingham, Ms., Apr. 27, 1736; d. on the passage from Boston to Portsmouth, N.H., Aug. 12, 1800 ; ensign in the French war in 1756; com a company of minutc-nien in 1775; was afterward commissioned col. 6th Ms. Regt., and served through the war with bravery and ellicicncy. He removed to Southborough ab. 1784. Noah, Major Mokdecai Manuel, editor and politician, b. Phila. July 19, 1785 ; d. New York, Mar. 22, 1831. His parents were Jews, and to that faith he adhered through life. Commencing life as an apprentice, he soon de- voted himself to the study of the law ; removed to Charleston, and took an active part in pub- lic aH'airs. In 1811 he was app. consul to Riga, and in 1813 to Morocco, with a mission to Algiers; he returned to the U.S. ab. 1816, and pub. the incidents of his foreign travel, Svo, N.Y., 1819. Editor of the Nuiional Advo- cate, aDcmoc. journal in N.Y., until 1826; he was, while thus engaged, elected shcritf of the city and CO.; in 1S26 he established thcA^.y. /«(/«//•./, -nil i|ii iiilv merged into the present Cm,: ! ' : in 1834 he established the /, , t withdrew from the daily press, :iiiil r 1 il.li ii.il, in connection with Messrs. Deans and Howard, a weekly paper, named the Sundai/ Times. In addition to the olEce of sheriiT, Maj. Noah was at one time the surveyor of the port, and judge of the Court of Sessions. He endeavored to form a settle- ment of Jews on Grand Island, in the Niagara River; but the scheme failed. In 1845 he de- livered a discourse upon the Restoration of the Jews, and pub. a collection of his newspaper essays, entitled " Gleanings from a Gathered Harvest," 12mo, N.Y. ; he also pub. a transla- tion of the " Book of Jasher," Svo, 1840 ; and was the author of several successful dramas, — " The Fortress of Sorrento," " Paul and Alex- is," "She would be a Soldier," "Marion, or the Hero of Lake George," " The Grecian Captive," and " The Siege of Tripoli." Noailles de (dch no'-iii'), Louis Marie, vicumte, b. 17 Ajir. 1756; d. 9 Jan. 1804. Second son of the Marshal De Mmichy. Adopt- ing the military career, hr In r anh \.r!lent tactician, and com. the r ■- i i - m the army of Uochambeau, 'li^ i m-rlfat the capture of Yorktowii, nnl Im mj ..in'ofthe commissioners to arran;;e the articles of capit- ulaticm. He was a bro.-in-law of Lafayette, and, imbibing an enthusiasm for liberty, was one of the nobles who, 13 July, 1789, resolved to divest themselves of their exclusive privi- leges, and sit with the tiers dat. He had a principal shnre in the early part of the French revol. struggle; bnt in May, 1792, hopeless of the success of constitutional liberty, he resigned the com. of the advanced posts of the c.imp of Valenciennes, and withdrew to the U.S. Re-entering the French service, he went to St. Domingo in 1803 as gen. of brigade, but was mortally wounded in an action with an English vessel. His wile was a victim of the guillotine. 662 ICoble, LoDis Legrand, b. Otsego Co., N.Y., 1812. Removed with his parents to Michigan in 1824. Ord. in Prot.-Ep. ch. 1840 ; officiated in N.C., at Catskill, N.Y., and became in 1854 rector of a church at Chicago. Au- thor of " Ne-mah-min," an Indian story in 3 cantos, in Graham's Mwj.; "Life, Character, and Genius of Thos. Cole," 1853 ; " The Lady Angeline, and other Poems," 1 857 ; " After Ice- bergs with a Painter," — Church. Noble, Noah, gov. Indiana 1831-7 ; b. Va. Jan. 15, 1794; il. Indianapolis, Feb. 1844. Noble, OLivi;B,miui>ter of Coventry, Ct., 1759-Gl ; of Ncwburv, Ms., 1762-83; and of Newcastle, N.H., froin 1784 to his d. 1792, a. 56; b. Hebron, Ct. Y.C. 1757. He pub. a discourse on Church Music, 1774 ; on Boston Massacre, 1775. Noble, Patrick, lawyer and politician, b. Abbeville Dist., S.C, 1787 ; d. there Apr. 7, 1840. N.J. Coll. 1806. He became a lawyer, a partner of Mr. Calhoun, and in 1812 a State representative ; in 1818-24 speaker of the legisl., and again in 1832 and '36 ; was pres. of the State senate ; and gov. in 1838-40. lu politics he was a state-rights Dcmoe., and was popular with the masses. Noel, Nicolas, M.D., formerly surgeon- major of the French and American armies ; menilier of the Amer. Philos. Society ; prof, of anatomy and phvsiology at Rheims ; b. Rheims, May 27, 1746 ; 'd. there May 11, 1832. Noel, sympathizing in the American struggle for independence, left Paris for the U.S. Dec. 1, 1776, with Tronson du Coudray,and furnished with a brevet of surgeon-major of the Colonies, given him by Franklin. He served in that capacity until Jan. 1778, when he was app. to the ship of war " Boston " to accompany the ambassador John Ailams to France; subse- quently cruised in her, until ordered to return to America, where he rejoined the army. He was afterwards charged with the hospitals of the fleet and array of Rochambeau. During the French Revolution he was actively employed in the army, but returned to Rheims in 1794, and passed the remainder of liis d.iys in the labors incident to his profession. — Biog. Univ. Nordheimer, Isaac, Dr. Phil, of the U. of Munich, ]>rot. of Hebrew and teacln-r of German in Union Theol. Sem. ; d. New York, Nov. 1842. Author of Hebrew Grammar, 2 vols. 8vo, N.Y. 1838; " Chrestomaihy," 8vo, NY. 1838; History of Florence ; N. and Tur- ner's Heb. and Chaldee Concordance, 1842. Nordhoff, Charles, b. Erwitte, Prussia, 1830. His father was a discing, officer at Waterloo. He came to Amer. in 1834; entered the navy in 1845 ; and has been editorially con- nected with Harper's and other periodicals. Author of " Man-ol-VVar Life," 1855 ; " Mer- chant-Vessel," 1855; " Whaling and Fishing," 1856; "Stories of the Island World," 1857; "Nine Years a Sailor," 1857; "Cape Cod, and all Along Shore." He edited Kern's " Landscape-Gardening," 18,55. Author of the article on Arctic Adventure in Appleton's " New Amer. Cyclopoidia." Norman, Benjamin Moore, author, b. Hudson, N.Y.. Dec. 22, 1809 ; d. near Summit, Mpi., Feb. 1, 1860. The death of his father, a bookseller at Hudson, called him from a clerk- ship in New York to take charge of the busi- ness there. He established a bookstore in N. Orleans in 1837, after conducting tlie business for a time in Phila. The loss of his wife by yel- low-fever in 1841 caused in him an unusual sym- pathy with the sufferers by this pestilence in subsequent seasons; and he became one of the most sel (-sacrificing and philanthropic men in that city. As the result of his travels in Yuca- tan, he pub. ill 1842 " Rambles in Yucatan," a work of great value ; also " New Orleans and its Environs," 1845 ; " Rambles by Land and Water," \%i5. — Ou^cUnch. Norris, Edward, minister of Salem, Ms., from Mar. 18, 1640, to his d. Apr. 10, 1659 ; b. Eng. ab. 1589. He was a teacher and min- ister in Gloucestershire, and came to N.E. in 1639. He was tolerant; did not join in perse- cuting Gorton and the Anabaptists; and with- stood the witehcralt delusion of 1651-4; but in 1653 wrote in favor of making war on the Dutch. He pub. in Lond., 1636, a treatise on Asking for Temporal Bk-ssings, and " The New Gospel not the True Gospel," &c., 4to, 1638, a reply to John Trask's " True Gospel Vindi- cated," Lond. 1636. — Fi It's Ecc. Hist. 387. Norris, Isaac, chief justice of Pa. ; a Qua- ker; d. Germantown, Pa., June 3, 1735. He m. a dau. of Gov. Lloyd. Norris, John, one of the founders of the And. Theol. Sem.. to which he gave $10,000 Mar. 21, 1808; d. Dec. 22, 1808, a. 57. Many years a merchant in Salem, and several years in the senate of Ms. Maky his widow be- queathed, in 1811, $30,000 to the sem., and a like sum to foreign missions. North., Col. Caleb ; d. Coventry, Pa., Nov. 7, 1840, a. 88. He raised a company in Ches- ter Co., Pa. ; was acapt., and afterwards a liout- col., in the Revol. array till the close of tlio war ; many years a merchant in Phila ; at one time high sheriff of the city and Co. of Pliila. ; and at the time of his death pres. of the Pa. Society of the Cincinnati. North, Frederick, 2d Earl of Guildford, an English statesman, b. 13 April, 1732; d. Lond. 5 Aug. 1792. Succeeded to the caridora in 1790. Educated at O.^furd and Leipsic. Entering parliament from Biinbury in 1761, ho represented that place 30 years, lb- was at the head of the treasury in 176.3-5; eliaiiecllor of the exchequer 1767-70; first lor.l .if the treas- ury 1770-82. During his adniinistiatitor, and )jrinci]ial of the acad. From 1798 to 1804 lie was pas- tor of a Presb. church at Albany, and in 1804 was elected pres. of Union Coll. ; after which period his history was identified with that of the institution. "While at Albany, he acquired popularity as a preacher ; and among his most successful' pulpit-eflbrts was a sermon on the death of Hamilton. In 1854 the semicen- tennial anniversary of his presidency was cele- brated, wlien between 600 and 700 of those who had graduated under him came together to do him honor. Dr. Nott, by his experi- ments in heat, and the improvements he intro- duced in stoves, efliected an entire change in the mode of warming buildings. His publica- tions consist principally of sermons and ad- dresses, delivered in the middle period of life, when his reputation as a pulpit-orator was at its height. He was an earnest advocate of the temperance cause, and pub. " Lectures on Temperance," 1847. He also pub. " Counsels to Young Men," miscellaneous works, 8vo, 1810. Nott, Henkt Junius, scholar and author, son of Judge Abraham, b. on the Pacolet River, Union Dist., S.C, Nov. 4, 1797 ; drowned off the coast of N.C. Oct. 13, 1837. S.C. Coll. 1812. On his return from a brief visit to Eu- rope in 1818, he was adm. to the bar, and be- came law-partner with D. J. Maccord, with whom he edited 2 vols, of Reports of Cases in the Constitutional Court in 1818, '19, and '20. Sailing again to Europe in 1821 for his health, while absent was elected to the chair of criti- cism, logic, and the philos. of language, in the S.C. Coll. Here he remained 13 years ; at the same time being a contrib. to the Southern Re- view. He made a coUeciion of his " Novellcttes of a Traveller," 2 vols. N.Y. 1834, chiefly humorous ; and left nearly completed, at his death, an historical romance. In 1837 ho visited New York ; took pass.age thence in the Btcamer " Home," and, v.itb his wife, perished in its wreck. NOT 665 Nott, JosiAH Clark, ethnologist, bro. of H. J., I). Columbia, S.C, Mar. 31, 1804. S.C. Coll. 1324. He took the degree of M D. at Phila. in 1827 ; remained there two years as demonstrator of anatomy to Dr. Physiek ; re- turned to Columbia, and commenced" praciicc ; the years 1835-6 he spent in Europe in the study of medicine and nat. hist., since practis- ing medicine in Mobile, Ala., except during the winter of 1857, when prof of anatomy ac the U. of La. Besides many articles in the medical journals, he has produced several eth- nological works ; among these are two lec- tures on " The Connection between the Biblical and Physical History of Man," 8vo, N.Y. 1849; "The Physical History of the Jewish Race," Charleston, 1850; "Types of Jlan- kiud," 4to, Phila. 1854; and "Indigenous Races of the Earth," Phila. 1857. The last two were prepared vnth the aid of Miv George R. Gliddou He established in Mobile a mod. coll., which the legisl. of Ala. endowed with $50,000, and made a branch of the State uni- versity. Since 1868, has resided in N.Y. City. Nott, Samdel, D.D. (Y.C. 1825), clergy- man, bro. of Kev. Eliphalet, b. Saybrook, Ct., Jan. 23, 1754; d. Franklin, Ct., May 26, 1852. Y.C. 17S0. Mar. 18, 1782, he was chosen pas- tor of the church in Franklin, Ct., and i-pent in that office the remainder of his long-pro- tracted life. He was long regarded as the pa- triarch of the clergy of N.E., and was also prominent as an instructor. Dr. Nott's publi- cations included two sermons, one delivered on the 50th anniversary of his ordination, and the other on the 60th. Although thus outUving his generation, ho was feeble and sickly when young. Nott, Samhel, son of the preceding, last survivor of the tirst band of mi.-'sionaries sent out by the American Board to India in 1812, b. Franklin, Ct., 1788 ; d. Hartford, Ct., Juno 1, 1869. Un. CoU. 1S08; And. Theol. Sem. 1810. Ord. Feb. 6, 1S12. On his return he was from 1816 to 1822 a teacher in New York ; preachedin Galway, N. Y^.,from 1 823 to 1 829, and in Warcham, Ms., tiom 1829 to 1849 ; he then taught school in Wareham until 1850. Author of " Slavery and the Remedy," &c., 8vo, 1856, reviewed in the N.Y. Tribune, Jan. 22, 1856; " Sixteen Years' Preaching and Procedure at Wareham, Ms.," 8vo, 1845. Nourse, James D., journalist and author, b. Bardstown, Ky., 1816; d. St. Louis, 1854. At ditierent times he edited 3 newspapers at Barditown, and afterwards the IntdUgeiKer at St. Louis. Author of the " Philosophy of HLstory;" "The Forest Knight," a novel, Phila., ab. 1846; "Leavenworth, a Story of the Mississippi and the Prairies ; " " The Past, and its Legacies to Amer. Society," 12mo, 165-2. — Altihone. Nourse, Joseph, register of the U.S. treasury fiom 1789 to 1829, a vice-pres. of the Amer. Bible Society, b. Lond. 1754; d. near Georgeto\vn, D.C., Sept. 1, 1841. He emig. with his family to Va. in 1769; entered the Revol. army in 1776 as sec. to Gen. Ch. Lee; was clerk and auditor of the board of war fi-om 1777 until app. assist, auditor-gen. Sept. 19, 1781. Nowell, Increase, secretary of Ms. 1636- 49 ; d. Nov. 1, 1655. Chosen an assist, in 1629, he came to N.E. with Winthrop in 1630, and was ruling elder from Aug. 27, 1630, to 1632 ; a founder of the church in Charlcstown, 1632; and in 1634 commiss. for military affairs. Samuel his son (preacher, chaplain at Gen. Winsloiv's Indian battle. Dee. 19,1674; an assist. 1680-6 ; trcas. of H.U.), b. Charlostown, Ms., Nov. 12, 1634, d. Loud. Sept. 1688. H. U. 1653. He was a supporter of the old char- ter, and went to Eng. on its behalf in 16S8. Noyes, Eli, D.D. (Ham. Coll. 1851), scholar and missionary, b. Jeft'erson, Me., Apr. 27, 1814 ; d. Lafayette, Ind., Sept. 10, 1854. Self-educated. He commenced preaching in 1834; and Sept. 22, 1835,accomp. by his wife, sailed for Calcutta. At Orissa, where he was located, he had very gratifying success both as an evangelist and a school-teacher, also becom- ing a skilful linguist, and pub. a Hebrew Gram- mar and Reader. He returned home with impaired health in 1841 ; was for four or five years a pastor in Boston; and edited for 10 years the Mominrj Star, the Frecwiil Baptist organ; he also delivered and pub. in 1853 " Lectures on the Truths of the Bible." Noyes, George Rapall, D.D. (H.U. 1839), divine, b. Newburyport, Ms., Mar. 6, 1798 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., June 3, 1868. H.XJ. 1813. He studied at the Divinity School, Cam- bridge; was licensed to preach in 1822; was tutor in H.U. in 1825-7 ; was then ord. pastor of a church in Brookficld, Ms. ; and afterwards became pastor of a chmxh at Petersham, Ms. Hancock prof, of Hebrew and other Oriental languages, and Dexter lecturer on biblical lit- erature at H.U. 1840-68. He pub. now trans- lations of the Book of Job, 1827 ; the Psalms; the Prophets, 3 vols. 12mo ; and Proverbs, Ecelesiastes, and Canticles, 1846; also several occasional sermons, and numerous articles in the Christian Examiner ; edited a series of theol. essays from various authors, and prepared a Hebrew Reader. His translation of the N. Testament was complete, and passing through the press, at the time of his death. Noyes, James, minister of Newbnry, Ms., from 1635 to Iiis d., Oct. 22, 1656, b. Wiltshire, Eng., 1608. Hestudied at Oxford U.; preached a while; came to N.E. in May, 1634, and preached a year at Mystic, now Medford. Author of "The Temple Measured," Lond. 4to, 1647; a Catechism, reprinted in 1797; "Moses and Aaron," 1661. Noyes, James, first minister of Stoning- ton, Ct., from Sept. 10, 1674, to his d. Dec. 30, 1719, b. Newbury, Mar. 11, 1640. H.U. 1659. Sou of Rev. James of Newbury. He began to preach at S. in 1664. He was one of the first trustees of Yale Coll. ; was a councillor in civil affairs in critical periods, and had a large prac- tice as a physician. Noyes.'JAMES 0.,M.D., b. Owasco, N.Y., 1829. Formerly surgeon in the Ottoman army, since prop, and assoc. editor of the Knick- erbocker Mag., and contrib. to others. Author of " Roumania," 1857; "The Gypsies, their Historv," &c., \65S.—Anibone. Noyes, Josiah, M.D. (D.C. IS06), phy- sician and medical professor, b. X.H. ; d. Clin- NOY 666 o^ic ton, N.Y., Nov. 1, 1853. Dartm. Coll. 1801. Two years tutor in D.C., after which he was prof, of chemistry and pharmacy in Fairfield Coll. ; and in 1812, on tlie or},'ani2ation of Ham. Coll., N.Y., he was invited to fill its chair of chemistry and natural science, whicli he resigned in 1830. He was the life-long (riend of Mr. Webster ; and, at the request of the literary executors of that eminent statesman, he wrote reminiscences of his college-life. Noyes, Nicholas, minister of iSalem, Ms., from Nov. 14, 1683, to his d. Dec. 13, 1717, b. Newbury.Dec. 22, 1647. H.U. 1667. Nephew of Rev.' James of Newbury. He preached 13 years at Haddam after graduating. He was a promoter of the witchcraft persecution, after- ward publicly confessing his error. A letter of his, with an account of James Noyes, is in Mather's " Magnalia." He pub. a poem on the death of Joseph Green of Salem 1715. Noyes, William Cdrtis, LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1856), lawyer, b. Schodack, N.Y., Aug. 19, 1805 ; d. N.Y. City, Dec. 25, 1864. Adm. to the bar in 1827, he gained a high reputation in Oneida Co., and, removing to N.Y. City in 1838, held high rank in his profession. Dele- gate to the Peace Convention in Feb. 1861. He was many years an almoner of the N. Eng. Soc. and was chosen pres. the day before his death. He prepared a codification of the laws of N.Y. for publication. His law-library, valued at $60,000, he bequeathed to Ham. College. Nugent, SiE George, an English field- marshal, b. June 10, 1757; d. Mar. 11, 1849. Educated at the Roy. Acad, at Woolwich. He joined the 7th Regt. as lieut. in Sept. 1777, in N.Y., and was present at the storming of Forts Montgomery and Clinton ; was app. a capt. in the 57th in Apr. 1778, and did duty with it in the Jerseys and Ct. until May, 1782, when he became major ; he served under the Duke of York in Flanders ; served as maj.-gen. in Ireland during the rebellion ; was created a baronet in 1806 ; and in 1811 was cora.-in-chief in India. Hem., Nov. 15, 1797, Maria, dau. of Cortland Skinner, atty.-gen., and speaker of the N. J. Assembly, and attained the rank of field-marshal in 1842. His bro., Adm. Sir Chakles Edmond (1759-1844), served as a lieut. and capt. in the ll.N. during the Amer. war, at Fort Moultrie, at N.Y., and R.I. ; full adm. 1808. Nufiez, Alvak (Cabeca De Vaca), the earliest and most remarkable explorer of N. A. ; d. 1564. With Nunez as chief officer, Pamphilo de Narvaez sailed for Florida from San Lucar de Barrameda, with 5 ships and 600 men, July 17, 1527 ; landing on its coast Apr. 12, 1528. Directing the flotilla to follow the coast west- ward to a certain haven, and there await his coming, Narvaez, accompanied by Nunez, en- tered the interior. They found the Indians hosrile; a country posse.ssing few attractions ; suflTered much from sickness ; weredisappointed in their expectation of finding gold ; and reached the coast, sick and disheartened, only to find no fleet there ; the officer in charge of the ships having sailed for Havana without making any effort to reach the place of rendezvous, leaving the gov. and his companions to their fate. The party, reduced to 242 men, embarked, Sept. 20, in 5 boats of their own con which were so crowded, that they were managed with the greatest difiiculty. After much suffer- ing from hunger and thirst, from attacks by the Indians, from violent tempests and severe cold, they, late in Oct., reached the mouth of a large river (supposed to be the Mpi.), and l.mded on an island. Continuing their voy- age, a violent storm drove them out to sea, wrecking the boat containing Nunez on a small island, from which the survivors reached the mainland. The rest of their companions were never afterwards heard of. After extraordinary hardships, in which they were driven to such straits that they lived upon one another, they reached a mountainous country believed to have been New Mexico. They met with buffalo ; and, finding an epidemic among the Indians, were remarkably successful in curing them, gaining thereby a great itifluence over the natives, who imagined them to be from the sun. Taking advantage of this, they endeavored to instil into their minds the doctrines of Chris- tianity. After 8 months among the Indians of New Mexico, Nunez journeyed westward and southward until 1536, when, with 3 survivors, he reached the Spanish settlements in Culiacan, on the shores of the Pacific. An abridgment of Cabeca de Vaca's " Narrative " may be found in Hakluyt's " Voyages," and a French version in the collection of voyages pub. in Paris by Ternaux Compans ; but the fullest and best is a translation by Buckingham Smith, sec. of the U.S. legation in Spain (privately printed), folio, Washington, 1851. Nuttall, Dr. Thomas, naturalist, b. Y'ork- shire, Eng., 1786; d. St. Helen's, Lancashire, Eng., Sept. 10, 1859. Brought up a printer. He came to the U.S. in early life; devoted his leisure to the study of botany and geology. Travelled extensively in nearly all the States of the Union ; explored the Great Lakes and upper branches of the Mpi., and in 1810 as- cended the Mo. as far as the Mandan villages. In 1819 he explored the Ark. River and the neighboring regions, and pub. an account of his travels, entitled " A Journal of Travels into the Arkansas Territory," Phila. 1821. He pub. " The Genera of North- American Plants," 1849 ; and the "Birds of the U.S.," 1834; "N. Amer. Sylva," 3 vols. 8vo, 1842; and was prof, of botany and nat. hist, in H.U. in 1822-34. He travelled in California, and pub. several papers on the shells and plants of that region. He returned to Eng. to enjoy an estate devised to him on condition that he should reside upon it. Oakes, James, col. and brev. brig. -gen. U.S.A., b. Pa. West Point, 1846. Entering the 2d Drags., he served through the Mex. war ; was brev. 1st lieut. 25 Mar. 1847, for Medellin, and capt. 8 Sept. 1847, for Molino del Rey ; severely wounded by Comanche In- dians, 12 Aug. 1850; capt. 3 Mar. 1855 ; maj. 6 Apr. 1861 ; lieut.-col. 4th cav. 12 Nov. 1861 ; col. 6th, 31 July, 1866. During the Rebellion he was engaged at the battles of Shiloh and Corinth, ami was brev. brig.-gen. 30 Mar. 1865. — Culliim. Oakes, Thomas, phvsician, bro. of Urian, b. Cambridge, Ms., June 18, 1644; d. WeU- OAK 667 occ fleet, July 1 5, 1 7 1 9. H.XJ. 1 662. He was emi- nent as a physician, and, on first visiting a pa- tient, " porsuailes him to put his trust in God, the fouutain of health." An assist, in 1690; B, rcproseutative in 16S9, and speaker of the house ; councillor ; and, as agent for Ms., went to Eng., and aided in framing the new charter. Oakes, Urian, pres. of Harv. Coll. (7 Apr. 1675, to his d.), b. Eng. 1631 ; d. Cambridge, July 25, 1631. H.U. 1649. He came to Amer. in 1634, and, while very young, pub. at Cam- bridge a set of astronomical calculations. He settled in the ministry at Titchfield, Eng., but was silenced for nonconformity in 1662; and afterwards preached to another congregation. His learning and piety caused him to be invited to take charge of the church at Cambridge, Ms., where he commenced his labors Nov. 8, 1671. rormally installed pres. Feb. 2, 1680. Oakley, Thomas Jackson, LL.D. (Un. Coll. 1853), jurist, b. Dutchess Co., N.Y., 1783; d. N.Y. City, May 12, 1857. Y.C. ISOl. He studied law, and practised at Poughkeepsie, N.Y. In 1810 he was app. surrogate of Dutch- ess Co.; M.C. 1813-15 and 1827-9; in 1815 member of the N.Y. Assembly ; in 1819 he suc- ceeded Van Buren as atty.-gen. of the State ; in 1820 he served again in the Assembly. When the Superior Court of N.Y. City was organized in 1828, he was app. an assoc. judge, and, upon its re-organization in 1846, chief justice. O'Beirne, Thomas Lewis, D.D., clergy- man, b. Longford Co., Ireland, 1748 ; d. 15 Feb. 1823. Though educated at St. Omer's, he took orders in the Pr.-Ep. Church, and was chaplain of Lord Howe's fleet in the Amer. war. After the great tire at New York in 1776, he preached in St. Paul's, the only Episc. church saved from the flames. Private sec. of the Duke of Port- land, lord-lieut. of Ireland, 1782, from whom he received in 1783 two valuable livings in Northumberland and Cumlierland ; chaplain to Earl Fitzwilliam, and made bishop of Ossory ; he was in 1798 translated to the see of Meath. Author of a " Vindication " of the conduct of his patrons, the bros. Howe, and other political tracts, and a poem entitled "The Crucifixion," 1776. Obookiah, Henrt, b. Hawaii, 1792; d. Cornwall, Ct., Fell. 17, 1818. He was brought to N. Haven in 1809, and educated for the min- istry. He had translated Genesis into his na- tive tongue. His Memoirs were pub. 1818. O'Brien, Fitzjames, a brilliant writer, and a poet of merit, b. Ireland, 1829 ; d. in Va. April 6, 1862. He came to this country about 1850. In April, 1861, he entered the N.Y. 7th llcgt., and in Jan. 1862 took an app. on the staff of Gen. Lander, and, during the short term of his service, was disting. for courage and dar- ing. Wounded in a skirmish Feb. 1 6, he died from tetanus following a severe surgical opera- tion. Contrib. to the Atlantic Monthlii. O'Brien, Capt. Jeremiah, Revol. patriot; d. Machias, Me., Oct. 5, 1818, a. 78. One of 5 sons of Maurice, a native of Cork. May 1 1 , 1775, on hearing of the battle of Lexington, these bros., with a few vols., captured the Brit- ish armed schooner " Margaretta " in Machias Bay. Jeremiah was the leader in this brilliant exploit, — the first blow struck on the water after the war began. He soon after captured tivo small Eng. cruisera, and carried their cap- tive crews prisoners to the Prov. Congress in Watertown, who commissioned him capt. in the State navy. He com. " The Liberty " (the schooner with which his first capture was made), his bro. William sei-ving as his first lieut. ; and cruised successfully two years. He then fitted out " The Hannibal," a 20-gun lettcr-of-marque, and took several prizes, but was captured ; was 6 months in " The Jersey," prison -ship ; and after a year's confinement in Mill Prison, Eng., escaped, and retired to Brunswick, Me. He was at the time of his death coll. of the customs at Machias. His bro. John was a successful com. of privateers in the Revolution. O'Brien, John P. J., brev. major U.S.A., b. Phila. ab. 1817 ; d. Indianola, Texas, Mar. 31, 1850. West Point, 1836. He served with honor in the Florida war ; disting. himself in the command of his battery at the battle of Buena Vista, where, by losing his cannon, he saved the battle ; was brev. maj., and wounded; capt. 16 May, 1849. Author of a treatise on "Courts-Martial," 1846. O'Brien, Richard, seaman ; d. Washing- ton City, Feb 14, 1824, a 72. In youth he fol- lowed the sea; and in 1781, when Arnold in- vaded Va., he was 1st lieut. of the State brig " Jefferson ; " consul-gen. to Algiers (where he had previously been held in slavery) 1797-1802. He was 1 9 years on the Algerine coast, and afterward a negotiator in Cora. Preble's fleet in the attacks on Tripoli. He subsequently resided at Carlisle, Pa., and was a member of the legislature. a-u^^ O'Callaghan, Edmund B., M.D., LL.D., author, b. Ireland, was at one time a promi- nent member of thi^l^rovincial Parliament, and editor of the Vindicator, the national organ at Montreal. He was active in the agitation of 1837, since when he has been a resident of N.Y., and has rendered valuable service in editing the historical documents of the State. He has been some years in the office of the sec. of state. He has pub. " History of New Netherlands," 1846-8; "Jesuit Relations," 1847; "Docu- mentary History of N.Y.," 4 vol.*. 4to, 1849-51 ; "Documents relating to the Colonial History of N.Y.," 11 vols. 1855-61; " Remonslirance of New Netherland," 1856; "Commissary Wilson's Orderly-Book," 1857; " Orderiy- Book of Gen. John Burgoyne," 1860; "Names of Persons for whom Marriage-Licenses were issued previous to 1784," 1860; "Journals of the Legisl. Councils of N.Y.," 2 vols. 8vo; " Origin of the Legisl. Assemblies of the State of N.Y.," 4to, 1861 ; Woolley's "Two Years' Journal in New York," 4to, 1860; "The Re- gister of New Netherland," 1626-74, 8vo, 1865; "Calendar to the Laud Papers," 8vo, 1864; " Calendar of Hist. MSS. in the Office of the Sec. of State," 4to, 1865; "Voyage of George Clarke to America," with Introd. and Notes, 1867; "Voyages of the Slavers St. John and Arms," 1867 ; "Journal of the Voyage of the Sloop Mary fi^ra Quebeck," &c., 1866.— Duuckinck, Oceum, Rev. Sampson, an Indian preach- er, b. Mohegan, N. Lond. Co., Ct., ab. 1723; OGD d. New Stockbridge, N.Y., July 14, 1792. Ord. 29 Au^. 1759. He was the first Indian pnpil educated by Rev. Mr. Wheelock, in whose family at liebanon he continued 4 years. In 1748 he kept a school in N. London, and after- ward officiated as teacher of the Indian tribe at Montauk, L.I. ; was sulisequently employed on several missions to variou.s tribes of Indians ; and preached " to good aec ptance in N. York, Boston, and other poi)ulous places." His in- fluence among the Indians was for a long time great. In 1766 he acconip. Rev. Mr. Whittaker to Eng. for the purpose of soliciting aid for Dr. Wheelock's Indian school at Lebanon, where he was successful in attracting large audiences and obtaining donations. The last few years of his life were passed with the Indians at New Stockliridge. He wrote an account of the Mon- tauk Indians, pub. in the " Ms. Hist. Soc. Colls. ; " and pub. a sermon on the execution of an Indian in New Haven in 1772. — Sprague. Ochterlony, Sir David, bart., a British gen., b. Boston, Feb. 12, 1758; d. Meerut, In- dia, July 15, 1825. Eldest son of David, a loyaMst of Boston; his paternal great-grand- father, Alexander, was laird of Pitforthy, in the Co. of Angus. Having completed his' edu- cation, he was at the age of 18 sent to India as a cadet; became a lieut. in 1778; in 1803 he was lieut.-col. ; and dep. adj.-gen. at the great battle of Delhi, immediately after which he was envoy at the court of Shah Alum ; col. Jan. 1, 1812; m.ij.-gen. June 4, 1814; and, for his skilful conduct in the Nepaulese war, was created a knt. com. of the Bath in Apr., and in Nov. 1815 was made a bart. He subse- quently disting. himself in the great Mahratta and Pindarry war of 1817-18, and performed varions other important services. O'Conor, Charles, a prominent N.Y. lawyer, h. N.Y. City, 1804. His father, a man of education and of good family, came from Ireland to N.Y. early in this century. Chas. lost his mother in 1816 ; received only a com- mon-school education; and in 1824 was adni. to the bar of N.Y., at which he has long held the first place. He has never held office, ex- cepting that of dist.-atty. for 15 months at the request of Pres. Pierce, and as a member of the Const. Conv. of 1864. Besides the famous Forrest divorce-case (1851), his greatest cases are the Lispenard will-case (184-3), the John Mason will-case (1853), the Parish will-case (1862), the Lemmon slave-case (1856), and the case of the slave Jack in 1835- — Sears's Nat. Q'larf. Review, vol. xi. Odenheimer, William Hemry, D.D., b. Phila. Aug. 11,1817. U- of Pa. 18.35; Gen. Theol. Sem. (Pr.-Ep. Ch.), N-Y., 1838. Ord- deacon 1838, priest 1841 ; consec. bish- op of N. J. Oct. 13, 1859 ; made rector of St. Peter's, Phila., 1840. Author of " The Origin of the Praver-Book," 1841 ; " Devout Church- man's Companion," 1841 ; " The True Catho- lic no Romanist," 1842; "Thoughts on Im- mersion," 1843; "Young Churchman Cate- chised," 1844; "Ringelliurgius on Study, Bp. White's Opinions," 1846; es.say on "Canon Law," 1847; "Clergyman's Assist.," 1847; "The Private Prayer-Book," 1851 ; "Jerusalem and Vicinity," 1855, the result of a visit in 1853. Odin, John Mart, D.D-, R.C- archbishop of N- Orleans, b. Ambiere, Dept. of the Loire, France; d. N. Orleans, 25 May, 1870. Join- ing the Lazarists, he was sent as a missionary to Mo. Consec. bishop of Claudiopolis, and vicar apost- of Texas, Mar. 6, 1842; trans- ferred to Galveston 1847, and to N. Orleans in 1861. Odiorne, Thomas, b. Exeter, N.H., Apr. 26, 1769 ; d. Maiden, Ms., May 18, 1851. Dartm. Coll. 1791. Bookseller in Exeter till 1800; then in the dry-goods trade in Boston, removing ab. 1811 to Maiden, where he was an iron manuf. He pub. " The Progress of Refinement," a poem ; " Fame and Miscella- nies," 18mo, 1792. — A C. Alumni. Oexmelin, Alexander Oliver, a trav- eller, who was probably a Fleming. In July, 1666, he was at Tortola, in Amer., in the ser- vice of the W-I. Co., wliere he was sold to a planter for 30 crowns. After 3 years' servitude, he joined some free-booters, and remained wiih them till 1674, when he embraced an oppor- tunity to return to Europe, thanking God, as he says, that he had been enabled to relinquish such a miserable kind of life. He afterwards made 3 other voyages to Amer-, with the Dutch and with the Spaniards ; and was at the taking of Carthagena in 1697. His ac- count of his adventures was pub- in French at Paris in 1686, 2 vols. 12mo ; at Trevoux 1746 and 1775, 4 vols. 12mo. From some passages ill his narrative, it seems probable that he exer- cised the profession of a surseon. — Bioq. Univ. ^ O'Fallon, Col. John, a prominent citizen of St. Louis, b. Louisville, Ky., 23 Nov. 1791. Son of Dr. James (who emig. to Wilmington, N.C., in 1774, and served in the Rcvol. army) by a sister of Gen. Geo. Rogers Clark. John served with distinction under Harrison in the war of 1812 ; was severely wounded at Tippe- canoe; afterwards acquired great wealth as a merchant, and distributed it freely in benevolent and educational enterprises. He endowed the O'Fallon Polytechnic Inst, with property worth 5100,000 ; gave liberally to Wash. Univ. ; built the Dispensary and Med. Coll. ; and has given over a million dollars to advance the cause of education, and to relieve suffering humanity. Ogden, Aaron, LL.D., soldier and sta'tes- man, b. Elizabethtown, N. J., Dec. 3, 1756 ; d. Jersey City, Apr. 19, 1839. N- J. Coll. 1773. While a teacher in his native place, in the win- ter of 1775-6, he assisted in capturing, off Sandy Hook, a vessel laden with munitions for the British army at Boston- App. capt. in the first N.J. Regt. com. by his bro- Matthias early in 1777, he was engaged at Brandy wine ; was brigade maj. in Lee's corps at Monmouth, acting also as assist, aide-de-camp to Lord Stirling. While reconnoitring near Bergcu in the winter of 1778-9, he came nnexpectedly upon a party of the enemy, from whom he es- caped with a severe bayonet-wound. He was aide to Gen. Maxwell in Sullivan's exped. against the Indians in 1779, and at the battle of Springfield in 1780; he was with Lafayette in the Va- campaign of 1781, and at Yorklown gallantly led his light inf to the storm of a re- doubt, receiving the commendation of Wash- oa^L ington. After the peace he ]iractised l.iw ; was app. lieut.-col. Iltli Inf. anil ilrp. i|iiai t> nn- nen. Jan. 8, 1799; a commiss. ii>r sriilMU' tin- hounilary between N. J. anil X V. ; 1' .S Miia- tor 1801-3; and ^'Ov. of N..I. isij-li. Din- ing the war of 1812 he com. the militia of N. J., and declined a commission of maj.-gen. tendered by the Pres. At the time of his death he was pres.-gen. of the Cincinnati. Ogden, David, judge, b. Newark, N. J., 1707; d. Queen's Co., L.I., 1300. Y.C. 1728. He studied law in New York, and practised in N. J., soon attaining the head of his profession. App. judge of the Supreme Court in 1772; retired to the city of New York on the break- ing-out of the war, where he was a member of the board of refugees. He drew up the outlines of a plan for the govt, of the Colonies in the event of their submission to Great Britain. He withdrew to lilng. in 1783, his property in N. J. having been condscatcd, hut returned to the U.S. in 1790. 11 !i;l ili- i piitation of being one of the "li "in N.J. Of his sons, Abr Ml I i i.nvyer, was U.S. dist.-atty. unii r W^.'nn,;.. ,_: Isaac was many years judge of tln^ Coui't of King's Bench. Ogden, DaVid B., LL.D. (Col. Coil. 1837), an eminent lawyer, b. N.J. 1769; d. N.Y., July 15, 1849. He came to N.Y. in 1S02, and practised chiefly in the U.S. Snpivino Conn. Ogden, Henry \T., cant. U.S.N., b. N.J. ; d. there Aug. 25, 1860. Midshipm. Sept. 1, 1811; lieut. Mar. 5, 1817; com. Jan. 31, 1838; capt. Feb. 5, 1848. Ogden, Jacod, physician, b. Newark, N. J., 1721 ; d. Jamaica, L.I., 1779. He was of English parentage, received a classical educa- tion at Yale, and, after studving medicine, com- menced practice at Jamaica, L. I., whore he enjoyed extensive patronage nearly 40 years. He pub. in 1769 and 1774 letters to Hugh Gaine on " The Malignant Sore-throat Dis- temper." Dr. Francis says he was the first who in the U.S. availed himself of the free use of mercurials in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. — Tharher. Ogden, John Cosins, b. N. J. ; d. Ches- tertown, Md., 1800. N. J. Coll. 1770. Here- sided in N. Haven in 1770-35 ; m. a dan. of Gen. Wooster ; and in 1 786-93 was rector of the Pr.-Ep. church, Portsm., N.H. ; afterward subject to mental derangement. Author of " Excursion into Bethlehem and Nazareth, Pa., in 1 799, with a Hist, of the Moravians," Phil.a. 180); letters occasioned by a corresp. with Dr. MaeClintoek, Masonic address, and sermons. Ogden, Matthias, soldier (bro. of Aaron) ; d. Elizabethtown, N.J., Mar. 31, 1791, a. 36. He joined the army at Cambridge ; took part in Arnold's expedition to Quebec, in which he was wounded ; and afterward commanded the Ist N.J. Regiment till the close of the war, when he was brevetted brigadier-general. Ogden, UzAL, D. D. (N.J. Coll. 1798), rector of Trinity Church (1788-1805), b. New- ark, N.J., ab. 1744; d. there Nov. 4, 1S22. Ord. Pr.-Ep. priest 21 Sept. 1773. He pub. a Masonic Sermon, 1784; "The Reward of Iniquity;" "Antidote to Deism," 1795. He became a Presbyterian in 1805. — Sprague. Ose (o'-zlia'), Vincent, a creo'.e of St. n.Hiiiii-o, 1>- all. 1750; executed 26 Feb. 1791. At iIm'. roiiimrnrement of the French revol. he \\,i^ iii-a^'l iu commerce at Cape Franr;ai.s. M,-ivaiitik- all'.iirs having drawn hira to Paris, hi- was adm. into the Society of Friends of the Negroes, and, aided by some of the most active members, warmly solicited the National Assem- bly in favor of his brethren. Ho headed an insurrection in Nov. 1790 at Grande Riviere. The insurgents demanded fi-cedom and political equality ; but their cause was ere long disgraced by crimes equally useless and atrocious. These however, were not attributable to Oge, but to his lieut. Chavannes. Obliged to give way to superior force, Oge, with a few followers, took refuge in the Spanish territory, and, being given up to the French, was tried before the Superior Council at Cape Franyais, and condemned, witli Chavannes, to be broken on the wheel. Ogilby, John, master of his Majesty's revels in Ireland, b. Edinburgh, 1600 ; d. 16/6. Pub. " America, being the most Accurate De- scription of the New World," &c., folio, Lond. 1671. He lived many years in London; pub. translations of Homer, Virgil, &c., -with Hol- lar's Illustrations, and Atlases, with descriptions of different countries. Ogilby, John D.; d. Paris, 1851. Col. Coll. 1829. Prof. lang. Rutg. Coll. 1832-40; rector of Columb. Coll. Grammar School 1829- 30; a Prot.-Ep. clergyman, and prof, of eccl. hist, in the Gen. Theol. Sem., N.Y., 1841-51. Author of " Argument against the Validity of Lay Baptism," 1842; "The Catholic Church iu England and America," 1 844. Ogilvie, Jasies, scholar, b. of a noble Scotch family ab. 1760 ; d. Aberdeen, Sept. 18, 1820. Emig. to America, he founded a classi- cal acad. at Richmond, Va., where he taught many pupils afterwards celebrated, among them Gen. Scott and Hon. W. S. Archer. He retired some years afterward to the backwoods of Ky., where, alone in a log-cabin, he composed a series of lectures, which were given with great applause in Va. and the Atlantic States. His relative, the Earl of Findlater and Airy, dying without children, he returned to Scotland, and claimed the title ; but the habitual use of nar- cotics had undermined his intellect, and the attempt failed. Soon after reaching Scotland, worn out in body and mind, ho perished, proba- bly by his own hand. Author of " Philosophical Essays," 1816, 8vo, Phila. Ogilvie, John, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1770), minister in New York; d. there Nov. 26, 1774, a. 51. Y. C. 1748. He was some time a mis- sionary to the Indians on the Mohawk, bat preached mostly at Albany; and fi-om 1765 to his death was assist, minister of Trinity Church, New York. He left 300 pounds to a charity- school, and other benefactions. Ogle, Benjamin, gov. Mil. 1798-1801, b. Md. 1749; d. Annapolis, July 6, 1809. Be- fore the Uevol. he was a member of the Md. Council. Ogle, Samuel, gov. Md. 1737^2 and 1747; d. 1751. He had previously held a command on the Irish Establishment. Oglesby, Richard James, gov. of III. 1865-9, b. Oldham Co., Ky., June 24, 1824. 670 OLI He studied law at Springfield, 111., and began pr.Tctice at Sullivan, Moulton Co. During the Mexican war he served as licut. 4th 111. Vols. In the spring of 1849 he joined an overland company on their way to California, where he i-emained two years, when he returned to Deca- tur, 111., and resumed practice; in 1860 he was chosen State senator. Made col. 8th 111. Vols, in 1 8fi I , lie led a brigade at the capture of Fort DonrlstJii ; :ind was made brig.-gen. vols. Mar. 21. I Si,.'. Imi lii~ L':ill:intry in that engagement. He \v,i~ in til- baitle of Shiloh ; was severely woimdc.l at the battle of Corinth, Oct. 4, 1862 ; maj.-gen. Nov. 23, 1862. Oglethorpe, James Edward, a British gen., founder of the Colonv of Georgia, b. Lon- don, 21 Dec. 1698 ; d. 1 'julv, ITS.'i. Son of Sir Theophilus of Godalming, Surrey. En- tered Oxford in 1714; obtained a commiss. in the Guards ; served under Marlborough and Prince Eugene; and in 1722 took his seat in parliament. Made a trustee for the liberation of poor debtors, he obtained a govt, grant of £10,000, and a liberal subscription, to found a colony of liberated insolvents in Ga., whither he proceeded in Jan. 1733 ; in 1734 he re- turned to Eng. with some Indian chiefs, who were presented to the king; in 1735 he sailed again for Ga. with John and Charles Wesley ; in 1736 he again went thither with a regt. for its defence, and quelled a mutiny wliich nearly cost him his life. He suceessfully repelled the attacks of the Spaniards, but was unsuccessful in an exped. against St. Augustine, of which he pub. an acct., London, 8vo, 1742. He met with many difficulties in establishing his govt., expending large sums from his private fortune, and finally left the Colony in 1743. Made a maj.-gen. in 1745, he was employed to pursue the reljels under the Pretender, but, unable to overtake them, was tried by court-martial, and acquitted ; in 1752 he resij^ned the charter of Ga. to the British govt. ; in 1754 left parlia- ment, and retired to his seat in Essex ; and 22 Feb., 1765, was placed on half-pay as a gen. in the army. When Gen. Gage returned to Eng. in 1775, the com. in America was offered to Oglethorpe, whose merciful conditions did not please the British ministry. He was one of the first to wait on John Adams after his arrival as ambassador to Eng., and to express his regard for America, and his gratification at the termination of the war. Oglethorpe, who was a man of great benevolence, has been eulo- gized by Thomson. Pope, and by Dr. Johnson, who wished to write his life. — See Lives of Oylethorpe bi/ ff arris and by Wright. . O'Harsi, Charles, a British gen. ; d. gov, of Gibraltar, Feb. 21, 1802. App. lieut. and capt. Coldstream Guards, Jan. 1756 ; lieut.-col. Feb. 1762; col. 2d Foot Guards, Aug. 1777; maj.-gen. Oct. 19, 1797. He came to N. Amer- ica in 1780 in com. of the Guards ; served in Va. under Leslie ; com. the vanguard in the pursuit of Morgan and Greene in Jan. 1781 ; and at Guilford, where he was severely wound- ed, com. the left of Cornwallis's army, in the surrender of which he was included. He was again severely wounded at Toulon in Nov. 1795. After having been gov. of several colo- nies, he was made lieut.-gov. of Gibraltar in 1787, and gov. in 1795. He was a brave and enterprising soldier, and a strict disciplinarian. Ojeda de (da o-ha'-da), Alonzo, a Span- ish explorer, and lieut. of Columbus, b. Cuen- ca ab. 1465. He aecomp. Columbus in his second voyage to America in 1493, and com. an exped. sent to explore the interior of His- paniola, where he captured the chief Caonabo. Having returned to .Spain, he received com. of an exploring exped. sent out in 1499. Ameri- go Vespucci was among his officers or passen- gers. He discovered a part of the new conti- nent, which he named Venezuela, and returned to Spain in 1500; in 1508 be attempted to colonize New Andalusia, and to conquer the natives, but was not successful. Olcott, Simeon, jurist, b. Ct. 1737; d. N. H. Feb. 1815. Y.C. 1761. Hecommenecd practice at Chariestown, N.H. ; became chief justice of the C.C.P. Dec. 25. 1784 ; judge of the Superior Court, Jan. 25, 1790 ; chief justice March 28, 1795; and was U. S. senator in 1801-5. Oldham, John, murdered by the Indians, who came on board his vessel to trade in 1636. This event brought on the Pequot war. He came to Plymouth in 1623 ; associated with Lyford in 1624, and set up a separate worship on the sabbath, intending to alter, perhaps to assume, the govt. He afterward lived at Hull and at Cape Ann, and represented Watertown in 1634. In 1633, with Samuel Hall and others, he travelled from Dorchester to a place on the Ct. River now called Windsor. This exploration led to its settlement. Oldham, Col. William, b. Berkeley Co., Va. ; killed at St. Clair's defeat, Nov. 4, 1791. He attained the rank of capt. in the Revol. army; resigned in 1779, and settled at the Falls of the Ohio. He was very efficient in the Indian warfare of the day, and com. a Ky. regt. in St. Clair's army. — Collins. Oldmixon, John, d. England, 1742, a. 69. A native of Somersetshire ; collector of cus- toms at Bridgewater. Author of " The British Empire in America," 2d ed. 2 vols. 1741 ; and other historical works and poems. Pope pillo- ries him in " The Dnnciad." He is supposed to have visited America. Oldmixon, Mart (George), a celebrated singer, a contemporary of Garrick ; d. Phila. Feb. 1835 at an advanced age. Wife of Sir John Oldmixon, an English hart., who d. on a farm near Phila. in 1818. She was many years on the Phila. stage, having made her rf(f6uj at the Chestnut-st. Theatre, May 14, 1793, as Clorinda, in " Robin Hood." She at one time kept a seminary for young ladies at Philadelphia. Olds, Gamaliel S., b. Granville, Ms., 1 777 ; d. Circleville, O., June 13, 1848. Wms. Coll. 1801. Tutor there several years; prof, of mathematics there in 1 806-8, at the U. of Vt. 1819-21, at Amh. Coll. 1821-5, afterwards at the U. of Ga. Ord. colleague with Dr. New- ton of Greenfield 1813-16, and preached in Ohio from 1841 till his death. He pub. " In- aug. Oration," 1806 ; 8 sermons on " Episcopa- cy and Presbyterian Parity." 1815 ; statement of Facts as to Professor at Middlebury, 1818. Olid de, Christoval, a Spanish officer 671 orj onder Cortes in the conquest of Mexico, 1519- 21, who atterward attempted to make himself independent, b. ab. 1492; taken prisoner by the soldiers of Cortes, and executed in Hondu- ras in 1524. Olin, Henry, judge; d. Salisbury, Vt., 1837, a. 70. His boyhood was spent in Addi- son Co., Vt. ; member of the Vt. Gen. As- sembly in 1799-1825, excepting; 4 years; of the State Const. Convs. of 1814, '22, and '28 ; as- soc. judge of Addison Co. in 1801-6; chief judge in 1807 and in 1810-24 ; M.C. in 1824- 5; lieut.-gov. 1827-9; councillor 1820-2. Fa- ther of Rev. Stephen. Olin, Stephen, D.D. (Wesl. U. 18.34), LL.D. (Y.C. 1845.), an eloquent divine, b. Leicester, Vt., March 3, 1797 ; d. Middletown, Ct., Aug. 16, 1851. Mid. Coll. 1820. His father, Judge Henry, directed his education. Entering the ministry of the M. Ep. Church in 1824, he spent two years in Charleston ; be- came pres. of the Abbeville Sem., S.C. ; re- sumed his itinerant labors in 1829 ; was prof, of Eng. literature in Franklin Coll.,Ga., 1826- 33 ; pres. of the Randolph and Macon Coll. 1832-7; and from 1839 to 1841 and from 1842 till his death was pres. of the Wesl. U. of Mid- dletown. Deleg. to the Gen. Conf. of M.E. Church 1844 and 1852; deleg. to Evang. Al- liance, London, Eng., 1846. He visited Eu- rope tor his health in 1837, and on his return in 1843 pub. " Travels in the East ; " he was also author of various sermons, lectures, and discourses. His works were pub. in 2 vols. 12mo, N.Y. 1852; and his "Life and Let- ters," 2 vols. 8vo, 1853. Olinda, Pedro de Aranjo Li.ma, Mar- quis de, Brazilian statesman, b. Pernanibu- 00, 1790; d. Rio Janeiro, 7 June, 1870. Ed- ucated at Pernambuco, and in law at the U. of Coimbra; member of the Constituent Assem- bly of Portugal in 1821 ; and from 1823 to his death was a member of that of Brazil ; pres. of the chamber of deputies in 1825-7, 1831-3, and 1835-7 ; twice regent of the empire dur- ing the minority of Pedro II. ; minister of state in 1 823, '27, '32, '37 ; made Viscount Olinda in 1841, and marquis in 1854; member of the council of state from 1842 ; a moderate liber- al, and tolerant in politics. Oliver, Andrew, colonial statesman, b. Boston, March 28, 1706; d. there March 3, 1774. H.U. 1724. Son of Daniel, and a de- scendant of Elder Thomas of Boston, who d. in 1657. He was a representative of Boston at the Gen. Court 1743-6; one of his majesty's council 1746-65; sec. of the province in 1756- 70; and succeeded Hutchinson as lieut.-gov. In 1 765 he was app. distributer of stamps ; but was compelled by the citizens, who hung him in effigy on the " Liberty Tree," to resign. His fondness for wealth and power induced him to pursue a political course similar to that of his bro. -in-law Hutchinson, whose unpopu- larity he fully shared ; and his letters which Franklin obtained in Eng., and sent over in 1772, evinced his subserviency to the British ministry. He wrote well upon theological and political subjects ; and some of his productions are extant. His son Daniel (H.U. 1762) d. Ashsted, Warwickshire, Eng., May 6, 1826, a. 82. Another son, Peter, M.D. (H.U. 1769), d. Lond. Apr. 6, 1795, a. 45. Oliver, Andrew, judge of the C. C. P. for Essex Co. before the Revol.,b. Nov. 13, 1731; d. Salem,Ms., Dec. 1799. H.U. 1749. Eldest sou of the preceding. He possessed line talents and good scholarship ; he was one of the original members of the Amev. Acad, of Arts and Sci- ences, to whose " Transactions " he made seve- ral valuable contribs. ; was a member of the Philos. Society of Phila. ; and in 1772 pub. an essay " On Comets." He represented Salera in the Gen. Court' in 1766 ; but was a Tory at the Revolution. Oliver, Bcnjamin Ltnde, M.D. (1815), 1788-1843. H. U. 1808. Nephew of Dr. B. L. Oliver, and son of Rev. Thos. Fitch. Au- thor of " Rights of an Amer. Citizen," 8vo, 1832; "Law Summary," 8vo, 1833; "Prac- tical Conveyancing," 8vo ; " Forms of Prac- tice," Svo, 1841; "Forms in Chancery, Ad- miralty, and Common Law," 1842 ; " Hints on the Pursuit of Happiness," 1818. He was a noted chess-player. — Allibone. Oliver, Daniel, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1810), LL.D., b. Marblehead, Sept. 9, 1787 ; d. Cam- bridge, June 1, 1842. H.U. 1806. After practising medicine for some years in Salem, he was from. 1815 to 1820 lecturer on chemistry, and from 1820 to 1837 a prof, in the med. school at Hanover ; from 1840 until March, 1 S42, a prof in the Med. Coll. at Cincinnati. Author of " First Series of Physiology," 1835 ; 2d edition, improved, in 1840; "Address at D. Coll.," 19 May, 1825. Oliver, Peter, LL.D. (Oxon. 1776), jurist, bro. of Lieut.-Gov. Andrew, b. March 26, 1713 ; d. Birmingham, Eng., Oct. 13, 1791. H.U. 1730. He resided on a family estate in Middle- borough ; and, after holding several offices in Plymouth Co., he was, though not educated to the law, raised to the Supreme bench, Sept. 14, 1756. He was, in 1771, made chief justice ; and when called upon in 1774 to receive the grant for liis services as usual from the treas- ury of the province, and to engage to receive no pay or emolument except from the Assem- bly, he peremptorily refused ; was impeached by the house of representatives ; and, when the British troops abandoned Boston, he, with other loyalists, accorap. them. He went to Eng- land, where he lived for some years on a salary, or pension, from the crown. He was a talented writer both of prose and poetry, and pub. " Speech on the Death of Isaac Lothrop," 1 750 ; " Poem on the Death of Sec. Willard," &c., 1757; "Scriptural Lexicon," Birmin^. 8vo, 1784-5. He was a contrib. (as was his brother also) to the Censor, a Tory paper. His son Peter, a physician of Middleborough, Ms. (H.U. 1761), also a lo%'alist, d. Shrews- bury, Eng., July 30, 1822, aged 81. Oliver, Peter {alias Wm. Ptnchon Oli- ver), b. Hanover, N.H., 1821 ; d. 1855, while on a voyage for his health. A descendant of Thos., first ruling elder of the First Church, Boston, 1632; son of Dr. Daniel. Educated for the bar. Edited his uncle's (B. L. Oliver) ' The Puritan Commonwealth," 672 OLN bro. F. E. Oliver, 8vo, 1856. This work, which severely criticises the Puritans, was reviewed in a pamphlet of 7' ' ' 1857, and bj'Rei AVr/Vir, April, 1857. Oliver, Col. Robert, Revol. officer, b. Boston, 17.18; d. Marietta, O., May, 1810. Removed to IJarre while young. A lieut. in 1775; he marched to Cambridge as capt. in the 3d Regt. ; in 1777 he was major, and in 1 779 lieut.-col., 10th JIs. Cont. Regt. ; and in 1 782 brev. col. At Saratoga he was disting. in siormiir.,' the Oniiiin intrenchments ; acted as adj. -u. II to til'' N'.iiliorn army, and excelled as a di,^. i|iliii;irian ilo was among the first set- tlcr.s i.l Marietta, ()., in 1788; a representative to the Terr, le^i=l. in 1793; councillor in 1799 ; pres. of the council 1800-3 ; and judge C. C. P. — I-nidrelh. Oliver, Thomas, last royal lieut.-gov. and pres. of the council of Ms., b. Dorchester, Ms., Jan. 5. 17;U; d. Bri.stol, Eng., Nov. 29, 1815. II. U. 175.3. Descended from Elder Thomas. After tlie death of Lieut.-Gov. Andrew Oliver, of a dilferent family, in Mar. 1774, he was nominated his successor ; Sept. 2 he was com- pelled by the people to resign his scat at the council board, and took refuge with the troops in Boston ; he accomp. them to Halifax in 1776, and went thence to Eng. He contrib. poem 29 to the " Pietas et Gratulatio," Boston, 1761. Olmstead, James MtjNSOX, D.D., Presb. clergyman and author, b. Stillwater, N.Y., 17 Feb. 1794; d.Phila. 16 Oct. 1870. Un.Coll. 1819; Princet. Theol. Sem. 1822. Liccn.sed in 1822, and performed missionary-work until ordainiil hi Juno, 1825, over the churches of Landislinrn Mnd Centre; subsequently pastor at Middle Tuscarora, Flemington, N. J., and Snow Hill, Md. Besides sermons and essays, he pub. "Thoughts and Counsels for the Im- penitent," 1846; "Our First Mother," 1852; and " Noah and his Times," 1853. Olmstod, Denison, LL.D. (U. of N. Y. 1845), astronomer, b. E. Hartford, Ct., June IS, 1791 ; d. New Haven, May 13, 1859. Y.C. 1813; tutor there 1815-17. He was carefully instructed by his mother; became a member of Gov. Treadwell's family, and a clerk in the store of one of his sons ; and subsequently took charge of the union school at New London. App. in 1817 prof, of chemistry, mineral., and geol., in the U. of N.C. Here he proposed and executed the first State geolog. survey ever attempted in this country. The report was jjub. in 1824-5. In 1825 he was app. prof of mathematics and nat. philos. in Y.C. ; and in 1836 prof of nat. philos. and astronomy. He pub. in 1831-2 a treatise on nat. philos., which soon became a popular coll. text-book ; and, soon alter, an abridgment of it; in 1839 a treatise on astronomy ; in 1840 a " School As- tronomy ; " in 1842 " Rudiments of Nat. Phi- los. and Astronomy ; " ' Letters on Astrono- my," prepared at the suggestion of the Ms. Board of Education ; Memoir of E. P. Mason, 1842; of J. Treadwell,1843; " Student's Com- monplace Book ; " and many articles in peri- odicals. In 1830 he pub. an elaborate theory of hail-storms. The extraordinary shower of shooting-stars which fell in Nov. 1833 led to his investigations into their history and phe- nomena; and he satisfactorily demonstrated their cosmical origin. In 1835 Profs. Olmsted and Loomis were the first American observers of Halley's Comet. The results of a series of observations for several years on the aurora borealis he has given in the 8th vol. of the " Smithsonian Contribs." Inventor of the Olmsted stove. Francis Alltn, M.D. (Y.C. 1844), his son, b. Chapel Hill, N.C, 1819, d. N. Haven, 1844. Y.C. 1839. After his return from a voyage to the Sandwich Islands for his health, 1841, he pub. " Incidents of a Whaling- Voyage," 12mo. Olmsted, Frederick Law, author and landscape-gardener, b. Hartford, Cl., Nov. 10, 1822. He studied engineering and the sciences bearing on agriculture at Y.C. in 1S45-6, and then worked on a farm in Central N.Y. ; sub- sequently he carried on a farm of his own at Staten Island, at the same time writing for periodicals on rural subjects. In 1850 he made a pedestrian tour in Great Britain and on the Continent, the results of which he pub. as " Walks ami Talk- cf an American Farmer in Eng.," is'ii'. la |s:.l'-3 he travelled ex- tensively ill ilir .Suiiilara and South-eastern States, and pub. his observations in " A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States, with Remarks on their Economy," 1856 ; " A Journey through Texas," 1857; and " A Journey in the Back Country," 1860; a r^sum^ of the eniire series was pub. by him in 1861, entitled "'I'lie Cot- ton Kingdom, a Traveller's Observations," ic., 2 vols. "The Englishman in Kansas," by T. H. Gladstone, edited by him, was pub. 1857. In 1855 he made another tour through France, Italy, and Germany ; and in 1856 was app. to superintend the construction of the N.Y. City Central Park. In 1857 the highest prize for the best plans for the ground was awarded to that of Messrs. Olmsteii and C. Vaux, which was adopted. He was in 1858 app. architect and chief engr. Mr. Olmsted made another short European journey in 1859, and was long engaged on the Central Park, as well as in laying out the upper part of N. Y. Island and other similar enterprises. A.M. of H.U. 1864. Olney, Col. Jeremiah, Revol. officer, d. Providence, R.I., Nov. 10, 1812, a. 62. At the commencement of the war he was made lieut.-col. in Angell's regt., of which he was afterwards col., frequently being the chief officer ot the R.I. forces. His heroism was conspicu- ous at Red Bank, Springfield, Monmouth, and Yorktown. Many years coll. of customs at Providence, and pres. of the Cincinnati, of R.I. Olney, Stephen, Revol. officer, b. North Providence, Oct. 1755; d. there Nov. 23, 1832. A descend.nnt of Rev. Thomas, one of the founders of the Baptist Church in America, b. Hertford, Eng., 1631 ; d. Prov. 11 June, 1722. Entered the army in 1775 as lieut. in Capt J. Olney's company ; was at the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Brandywine, Ger- mantown, and Monmouth, and in the retreat through N.J. ; received a ball in the arm at the battle of Springfield ; was at the gallant defence of Red Bank, and was promoted to capt. Detached to join Lafayette, he served 673 under that officer at tlie siege of Yoiktown, where he was specially disting. in the capture of a British redoubt, and received several bayo- ne^wound3. He represented his native town 20 years in the Gen. Assembly, besides holding numerous town-offices. — iVc Lives of Barton and Oliiei/, by Cath. Williams, Prov. 1839. Onderdonk, Benjamin Treadwell, D.D., LL.D., clergyman, b. N.Y. City, 1791 ; d. there Apr. 30, 1861. Col. Coll. 1809. Ord. priest in 1813, and app. assist, at Trinity Church ; became disting. as a preacher. Prof, in the Gen. Theol. Sem., N.Y., 1826-30; made sec. of the Diocesan Convention ; he was, Nov. 26, 1830, consec. bishop as successor of Bishop Hobart in the diocese of Eastern N.Y. He was eminently useful and industrious in this exalted position. In 1844, serious charges, which caused great scandal, led to his trial by the house of bishops ; and though the worst charges were not proved, yet the convention deemed him guilty of such indiscretions, that they suspended him from his episcopal func- tions Jan. 3, 1845. Strenuous efforts were made by his friends to re-instate him, but with- out success. Onderdonk, Henkt, Jan., educator and author, b. Manhasset, N.Y., 11 June, 1804. Col. Coll. 1827. Fifth in descent from Adrian Andrewse, who emig. from Holland to Flatbush, L.I., bef. 1672. Henry was brought up on his father's farm, and from 1832 to 1865 was prin- cipal of Union-hall Academy, Jamaica, L.I. Author of EcTol. Incidents of Queen's Co., N.Y., 1846: of Sutfolk and King's Counties, 1849; "Queen's Co. in Olden Times," 1865; " Long Island in Olden Times," 1870; "Bibli- ography of L.L," 1866; " Hist, of the Soc. of Friends in Queen's Co. 1657-1790," &c. Lec- turer on temperance, local history, &c. Hon. member of various historical and genealogical societies. Onderdonk, Henkt Ustic, M.D. (U. of Edinb. 1810), U.D., bishop Prot.-Ep. Church, b.N.Y.City, 1789; d. Phila. Dec. 6, 1 858. Col. Coll. 1805. He studied medicine at London and Edinb. After practising this profession a few years, he studied for the ministry; was ord. deacon in 1815; went as missionary to Canandaigua in Jan. 1816, which, under his care, grew into a flourishing parish, of which he became rector in 1818 ; in 1820 he became rector of St. Ann's Church, Brooklyn ; and Oct. 25, 1827, was consec. assist, bishop of Pa. ; sus- pended Oct. 21, 1844; restored Oct. 1856. He was a popular preacher and an eminent contro- versial writer. He pub. two vols, of sermons ; an essay on "Regeneration," 8vo, 1835; "Ap- peal to the Religious Public, &c., of Canandai- gua," 1818; "Episcopacy Examined and Re- examined," 1835; "Family Devotions," 1835; and an important tract, " Episcopacy tested by Scripture," 1 830. Though he had been restored to the ministry, he did not resume the discharge of episcopal functions. Assoc, edit., with Dr. V. Mott, of the N. Y. Med. Journal in 1815. Con- trib. to many periodicals, and author of some choice hymns. O'Neall, John Belton, LL.D., jurist, b. Bush River, S.C, Apr. 10, 1793. S.C. Coll. 1812. He taught in an acad. at Newberry; studied law ; and was a short time in active mil- itary service during the war with Great Britain. Adm. to the bar in 1814, he soon had a lar»e practice ; was a member of the State legisl. m 1816, '22, '24, and '26; speaker during the last two terms; in 1828 an assoc. judge; in 1830 judge of the Court of Appeals; in 1850 pres. of this court and the Court of Errors ; and was subsequently made chief justice of the State. Abandiiiii]!- in i- -iJ the use of spirituous li- quors mil i>.!.M>.. ■ 111 order to save a friend," he in isii l-rmi i^ -, ,,f the State Temper- ance SiM'i ■\\ , mill ill l--:)2 the head of the Sons of Tcrapera'iRc of N.A. He furnished reminis- cences of the Revol. for the Southern Lili rari/ Messem/rr; pub. a "Digest of the Negro Law of S.C'.," 1 848 ; " Annals of Newberry," 1 858 ; " Biographical Sketches of the Bench and Bar of S.C," 2 vols. 1859; and several pub. addresses. Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, brev. maj.- gencral U.S.A., b. Alleghany Co., Md., 1818. West Point, 1839. James, his father, was an officer in the war of 1812. Entering the 3d Art., he served in 1839-42 against the Seminole Indians; was employed in coast-survey duty in 1845-6, when ho was ordered to Cal., where he contrib. to the preservation of law and order by the execution of several noted desperadoes. Capt. 7 Sept. 1850 ; in 1855 he returned to Cal., sen'ing there and in the Territories until 1861, taking part in several Indian expeds ; brig.- gen. vols. Sept. 14, 1861 ; and com. a brigade in the Pa. Reserves under Gen. McCall. Dec 20 he defeated a Confed. force, under Stuart, at Dranesville, Va., near the Potomac, for which he was made maj.-gen. May 2, 1862. Ordered to the Army of the Mpi., ho was placed in com. of Corinth, and subsequently of the 2d division of the dist. of W. Tenn. He participated in the battle of luka 19 Sept. 1SG2, for which he was brev. col. ; com. and was severely wounded in the battle of ILitchie 5 Oct. 1862; com. 13th corps at siege and capture of Vicksburg, and at capture of Jackson ; com. 1 8th corps, July 21 to Sept. 30, 1864, in operations before Richmond ; and wounded in assault and cap- ture of Ft. Harrison, 29 Sept. 1864; com. dept. of Va. Jan.-June, 1865 ; and engaged in siege of Petersburg, and pursuit and capture of Lee, 9 April, 1865; brev. brig.-gen. for battle of Hatchie, and maj.-gen. for Ft. Harrison; maj. 4th Art. 21 Nov. 1861 ; lieut.-col. 1st Art. Dec. 11, 1865; brig.-gen. of regular army, July 26, 1866. Ord, George, naturalist, b. Phila. Ii781 ; d. there 24 Jan. 1866. Pres. of the Phila. Academy of Nat. Science, 1851-66. Authorof Supplement to Alex. Wilson's Omithol., and Memoir of his Life, 1825; Memoir of C. A. Leueuer, in Am. Journal of Sciences and Arts, ser. ii. v. viii. 23 ; Memoir of Thos. Say, read before Philos. Soc. Dee. 19, 1834. Contrib. to scientific journals. Member Amer. Philos. Soc. and of the Linntean Soc. of London. Ordaz (or-dath'), Don Dieoo, Spanish ex- plorer, served under Cortes in the conquest of Mexico; d. 1533. He was the first white man that ascended Popoeatapetl. Authorized by Charles "V. to conquer the country between Capo Vela and the Bay of Venezuela, he as- cended the Orinoco 160 leagues, ab. 1531. ORF 674 ORT O'Reilly, Beknard, D.D., R.C. bishop of Hartford. Consec. 10 Nov. 1850; d. at sea Jan 1836. Orellana, Francisco, a Spanish officer, who discovered the great river of the Amazons, b. Truxillo, ab. 1500; d. 1549. He accomp. Pizarro to Peru in 15.31, and took part in its conquest. When, in 1540, Gonzalo Pizarro set out to explore the regions east of the Andes, Orellana was his second in command. After several weelis passed in the descent of the Napo, one of the upper affluents of the Amazon, their pro^■isiou3 wore entirely exhausted ; and Pizarro despatched Orellana and 50 soldiers in a brig- antme, with orders to proceed to the confluence of the waters, procure a supply of provisions, and return to his relief. In 3 days he reached the Amazon, but finding the country a wilder- ness, and being scarce able to subsist his own party, he followed the course of the river to the sea (the voyage occupying 7 months) amid al- most incredible hardships. He reached the ocean, Aug. 1641, and, sailing to Spain, ex- cited great wonder by relating that he had passed through a country inhabited only by women who were w.arriors, and that he had re- ceived authentic information of the existence of an El Dorado, where gold was so plentiful, that houses were roofed with it. He obtained from the Spanish crown a commission to con- quer and colonize the region he had discovered, and afterwards organized an exped. for the purpose, but died on his voyage. Ormsby, Stephen, an early settler of Ky . ; d. Louisville, 1 846. Brigade-maj in Har^ mar's campaign against the N.W. Indians in 1790; a disting. lawyer; afterward circuit judge; M.C. 1811-17. His son Stephen was col. of the " Louisville Legion " in the Mexican war. — A. T. Goodman. Orne, Azor, Revol. patriot, b. Marblehead, 1732 ; d. Boston, June 7, 1796. He was a suc- cessful merchant ; was a delegate to the Essex Co. convention in Sept. 1774, and to the Prov. Congress ; was long one of tlie com. of safety ; and was an active member of com. on military affaii-s, in organizing the forces, and collecting arms and ammunition. In Jan. 1776 the Prov. Congress app. him one of the throe maj.-gens. of militia ; he had previously been a member of the Gen. Court ; and, after tlie adoption of the State constitution in 1780, was many years in the sr-nate and council. He was a zealous advocate for education, his own deficiency iu that respect causing him to decline hi..;h offices. Orne, Joseph, physician, b. Salem, July 6, 1747; d. there Jan. 28, 1786. H.U. 1765. He studied with Dr. Holyoke ; practised in Beverly in 1770-7; then removed to Salem. He was a superior poet, a fellow of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, and wrote for the Medical Society. — T/iachcr. Orr, Benjamin, lawvcr, b. Bedford, N.H., Dec. 1, 1 772 ; d. Brunswick, Me., Sept. 5, 1 828. Dartm. Coll. 1798. Son of Hon. John. In his youth he worked at a trade, and taught school ; he studi d law with Judge Wilde ; began practice at Topsham, Me., in 1801 ; and afterward removed to Bninswick, where he was eminent in chancery practice; M.C. l'I7- 19. Author of an " Oration on the Death of Washington," 1800.— Willis's Lawyers of He. Orr, Hectoe, M.D., physician, b. E. Bridge- water, lis, Mar. 24, 1770; d. there Apr. 29, 1S55. H.U. 1792. Son of Col. Robert. Pub. a " History of Freemasonry ; " " A Discourse," 1797; "Oration," ISOl. Orr, Hugh, inventor, b. Scotland, Jan. 13, 1717 ; d. Bridgewater, Ms., Dec. 6, 1798. Son of Robert of Lochwinoch, Renfrewshire. Ho was a gunsmith, who, in June, 1740, settled at Bridgewater, where he erected a triphammer, and manufactured scythes and other tools ; ab. 1748 he made 500" muskets for the State, believed to have been the first made in this country ; and during the Revol. cast iron and brass cannon, and cannon-balls ; he invented a machine for cleaning flax-seed, which he sent to Scotland ; and constructed a machine for the manuf of cotton. He was some years a State senator. His son. Col. Robert, was armorer at Springfield. Orr, Isaac, b. Bedford, NIL, 1793; d. Amherst, Ms., 2S Apr. 1844. Y.C. 1818. Son of John, a Revol. officer. Some years a teacher in the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, Hartford ; labored as a preacher and missionary in Washington City, and in the service of the Coloniz. Soc. ; was a proficient in mathematics and nat. philos., and invented an air-tight stove. Coutrib. 45 letters of " Hampden " to the Commercial Advertiser, and 80 letters of " Tinioleon " to the Boston Courier. He left a MS. commentary on Daniel and Revelation. Orr, James Laweence, lawyer and states- man, 1). Craytonville, S.C., May 12, 1822. U. of Va. 1 842. He received a good education, but until liis ISth year was obliged to employ a part of his time behind the counter of his father, a country shopkeeper. He studied law ; was adm. to the bar in May, 1843, and opened an office at Anderson, S.C. ; in 1843 he edited the Anderson Gazette; in 1844 and '45 he was a member of the State legisl. ; and in 1 849-59 was M.C. A member of the Southern-Rights Convention held at Charleston in May, 1851, he opposed the policy, while maintaining the riglit of secession on the part of the several States. During the 32d Congress he was fre- chairman of the com. of the whole on state of the Union ; during the next Con- gress was chairman of the com. on Indian affairs ; and was speaker of the 35th Congress. As a member of the S C. convention which met in Dec. 1 860, he recorded his vote in favor of the immediate and separate secession of his State ; and was subsequently one of the three commiss. to Washington to treat with govt, for the suiTender of U.S. forts in Charleston harbor, and to transact other business. Senator of the Coufed States 1862-5 ; gov. S.C 1866-9. Orr, John, Revol. officer ; d. Bedford, N.H., Doc. 23, 1 822, a. 75. At the battle of Benning- ton he received a ball just above the knee-joint, which crippled him for life. For many yeara he was a State representative and senator ; was also State councillor ; and 20 years a justice of the peace. Father of Benjamin and Isaac, ante. Orton, Azariah G., D.D., Presb. clergy- man, b. Tyringham, Ms., 1789; d. Lisle, Broome Co., N.Y., 28 Dec. 1864. Wms. Coll. quently < the state 675 OSK 1S13; Princet. Sem. 1820. Ord. 1822; pastor Frcsb. church, Seneca Falls, NY, 1822-35 ; at Greene, N.Y., 1838-52 ; and at Lisle in 1852- 60. In 1 838 he pub. a reply to Prof. Stuart on slavery, and wrote ably against the aboli- tion of capital punishment. Orton, Jasos Rockwood, M.D., physi- cian, poet, and editor, b. Hamilton, Madison Co, NY., 1806; d. Brooklyn, L.I., Feb. 13, 1867. He practised medicine snccussfully several years, but, finding his physical powers overtaxed, removed in 1 850 to New York, and devoted himself to literary pursuits. He wrote for the Musical. World, and at one time edited the Weeklji Review and the Binghamton Courier. Among his publications arc "Poeti- cal Sketches," &c., 1829; "Arnold and other Poems.V 1854; "The CampFires of the Red Men;" and "Confidential Experiences of a Spiritualist," 1858. Osborne, Eth.4.n, Presb. minister, b. Litchfield, Ct., Aug. 21, 1758; d. Fairfield, N.J., May 1, 1858. D.C. I7S4. At the a^'e of seventeen, he voluntoered as a private in the Revol. anny ; served in the campaii^n of 1776, and in the retreat through N. J. Licensed as a minister at the age of 27 ; and from Dec. 1789 to 1844 was settled at the old stone chnrch, Fairfield, N. J. — D. C. Alumni. Osborn, John, poet, b. Sandwich, Ms., 1713; d. Middlotown, Ct., May 31, 1753. H. U. 1735. Son of Rev. Samuel, minister of Eastham. He studied divinity, but subsequent- ly settled at Middleto^vn in the practice of medi- cine. Araon^ his pieces, which evince consid- erable talent, is an epistle written in 1735, and addressed to one sister on the death of another ; and a whaling-song, which was long in vogue. His son John, a physician of Middletown (b. 17 Mar. 1741, d. June, 1825), was a surgeon in the army at Ticondoroga in 1758; was disting. as a chemist, and pub. La Conda- mine's treatise on the Small-Pox, with an Appendix. His sou John Chctrchill, M.D., b. Middletown, Ct., Sept. 1766, d. St. Croix, Mar. 5, 1819. N. J. Coll. 1801. He prac- tised in Newbum, N.C., in 1787-1807; then went to New York, where he was prof, of the institutes of medicine in Col. Coll., and after- wards prof, of obstetrics in the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons. He was eminent in his proies- Eion, and was • a connoisseur in poetry, belles- lettres, and painting. Osborne, LAnGnxou, poet, of N.Y. Col. Coll. 1827. Has pub. anonymously " Sixty Years of the Life of Jeremy Levis," N.Y., 1831 ; " The Dream of AUa-ad-Dean ; " " The Confessions of a Poet," Phila. 1835; "The Vision of Rubeta, an Epic Story of the Island of Manhattan, with Illustrations done on Stone," a satire ; "Arthur Carryl, a Novel," the author's best work ; a poem of the " Don Juan " class ; and a treatise on " Oil Paint- ing." From a poetical fragment entitled " England as She Is," he appears to have been a resident there in 1833. Also author of "Calvary;" "Virginia Tragedies," 12mo, 1867. — Duyckinch Osborn, Samoel, minister of Eastham, Ms., 1718-37, b. Ireland ah. 1690; d. Boston ab. 1785. Dismissed for Arminianism, he taught a private school in Boston aliout 10 years. He introduced the use of peat on Cape Cod. He pub. his case and complaint, 1 743. Osborn, Selleck, poet, b. Tnimbull, Fairfield Co., Ct., 1783 ; d. Phila. Oct. 1. 1S26. He received an ordinary Enjjlish education, and at 12 yeara was placed m a newspaper printing-office at Danbury. At 21 lie liecame editor of a Jellersonian paper, the Litchfield Witness. Found guilty of a libel, he defaulted payment of a heavy fine, and was confined a year in Litchfield jail. After his release he resumed his paper, which he edited some years. During the war of 1812-15 he served as a capt. in the U.S. army ; was stationed on the Cana- da frontier; and was in the battle of Plattsburg. Aft;er the peace he again edited a paper, first at Bennington, Vt., and then the Amer. Wntrhtiian at Wilmington, Del. In 1825 he edited a paper supporting Calhoun for the presidency, and soon after removed to Phila. His small volume of " Poems, Moral, Sentimental, and Satirical," Boston, 1823, contains selections from his fugitive pieces. — Dat/clcinck. Osborne, Thos. O., lawyer and soldier, b. Jersey, Licking Co., O., 1 1 Aug. 1 832. U. of O. 18"54. Studied law at Ciawfordsville, Ind. ; was adm. to the bar, and settled in Chicago in 1858. Col. 39th 111. Regt. Dec. 1861, serving in W. Va., at the battle of Winchester, 23 Apr. 1 862 ; seiwed in the operations in Charles- ton harbor in 1 863 ; took part in Butler's exped. up the James River in May, 1864 ; at Drury's Blurt' was severely wounded, losing the use of Ids right arm ; at the siege of Petersburg he com. 1st brigade, 1st division, 24th corps ; and 2 Apr., 1865, captured Fort Gregg, the key to the works about Petersb. and Richmond, by one of the most gailant and successful charges of the war. For this service he was made brig.-gen. By his prompt movement he cut olf the Confed. troops from the Lynchburg road, and contrib. to the capture of Lee's army, and was brev. ma,i.-gen. 2 Apr. 1865. Now practises law in Chicago. — Leading Men of Chicago. Oseola (As-SE-SE-HE-nO-LAR, Or Bl \CK Drink), a celelir.ated Seminole warrior, b. on the Chattahoochee River, Ga., 1804; d. Fort Moultrie, S.C, 30 Jan. 1838. Son of Wm. Powell — an Eng]i>hman, and a trader with the Indians — by an Indian woman. In 1808 the mother and her boy settled in Fla. Though of humble rank, he was the governing spirit of the Seminoles ; was disting. in all dances and games, and was noted for independence and self-possession. Oseola vehemently opposed the removal of the Indians from Fla. ; and having in June, 1835, used insulting language to Gen. Thompson, the U.S. agent at Fort Iving, he was confined in irons under guard for six days. Dec. 28 he avenged himself by killing Thompson and 4 othei-s outside the fort. Dec. 31 he led the Indians in the battle of the Withl.acoochie against Gen. Clinch, and W.1S wounded in the arm. This band, the same that had massacred Maj. Dade's com. 3 days before, was put to flight. He had several en- gagements with the troops under Gen. Gaines; June 9, 1836, was repulsed in a daring and skilful assault on Fort Micanopy ; made an OSG- un3ucce?3ful attack on Fort Drane, Aug. 12 ; and contended with skill and energy for more than a year against overwlielminy' odds ; but 22 Oct. 18.37, wliile holding a conference, under a flag of truce, with Gen. Jesnp, near St. Au- gustine, was treacherously seized, and confined at Fort Moultrie until he died broken-hearted. He was a Ijrave and generous foe, and always protected women and children. Osgood, David, D.l). (Y.C. 1707), Cong, clerffvmau, I). Andover, Ms., I.irt. l-t, 1747 ; d. Medlord, Dec. 12, 1S22. II.U. 1771. Ord. Sept. 14, 1774. Descended from Jolin, one of the founders of Andover. Until he was 19, he worked on his father's farm ; he then studied thcolo_t;y with Rev. Mr. Emerson of Hollis, and afterward at Cambridge. He settled as minis- ter of Medtbrd, whore he continued nearly 50 years, and became a distinguished preacher. A zealous Federalist, one upon Genet's n;'ivr\l ti govt tmguisl of his f in 1794, linst the s'd rap- idly throuuli - , I . mon in 180;i v\.i- iii<' -i .- !.■ ii.ii-,i ..f his dis- courses. He was a Ui<)ruii!;h Caivinist, "a truly good and great man, and an earnest and fearless preacher." A vol. of his sermons was pub. in IJoston in 1 824. — Sprcujue. Osgood, Frances Sargent, poetess, b. Boston, IS June, 1811 ; d. Hingham, Ms., May 12, 1850. Dan. of Joseph Lock, a merchant of Boston. Early attracting the notice of Mrs. L. M. Child, she eontrib. to her Juvenile 3Iis- cellanif poems under the signature of " Flor- ence." In 18.35 she m. Samuel Stillraan Os- good, a portrait-painter, with whom she soon afterwards visited London, where he pureued his art-studies. She was not only a eontrib. to the Eng. periodicals, but also pub. a small vol. called the " Casket of Fate ; " a collection of h-r poems umi. i iIi- iM ■ of "A Wrea.h of Wild-FlowMs Mi:, \, III 1 ind,"8vo, 1839; a .3-aet drama in I ila;" and a play written at tin i <|ii ; "[ Mh ri.ian Knowles, en- titled " The Hiiii]py Release, or the Triumphs of Love." They returned to Boston in 1840, where she pub. " The Poetry of Flowers and the Flowers of Poetry," together with " The Floral Oilering." In 1849 ihe poems of Mrs. Osgood were pub. at Phila. in 8vo, illustrated. Soon after her death, a " Memorial " by her frii'nds, with a Life by Dr. Griswold, was pub. (N.Y. 1851). Osgood, Helen Louise (Gilson), phi- lanthrojiist, b. Boston ab. 18.35 ; d. Newton Centre, Ms., April 20, 1868. After the death of Inr [.anuts, she was the ward of F. B. Fay of ('h !- a: ^^a~ well educated; and was en- dow-. I .\iih LI. I' musical and conversational talent. \\'\vn the civil war commenced, she was among the tiret to organize Soldiers' Aid Societies, and provided employment for the wives and daughters of soldiers who were in straitened circumstances. Early in 1862 she went to the army as a nurse, endearing herself to the men by her gentle attentions, jtier sweet voice, and her great executive power. During the bloody years of 1864-5 she administered comfort and relief to thousands of the severely wounded and dying. She also organized and conducted for many months a hospital for 1,000 patients of the sick and wounded colored soldiers of the Army of the Potomac. In 1SG6 she was m. to Mr. Osgood, a laborer in the sanitary work in the Army of the Potomac ; but her overtasked powers failed, and she died a martvr to her patriotism and philanthropy. Osgood, Samuel, A.A.S., statesman, b. Andover, Ms., Feb. 14, 1748 ; d. N. York, Aug. 12,1813. H.U. 177n. A d.s,.p,vl:i,i! ff J..lm ofAndover. He sin-li. .1 i!i. .i... - in', 1.. in;; his health, becatu'' .! n i ' : ii a member of the f Li.. ; a ^ In.,: .nh.; Essex Co. conventiuu in tei.L 1774, a mem- ber of the Prov. Congress, and on many im- portant committees. He was a capt. at Lcx- mgton and Cambridge in April, 1775 ; aide to Gen. Ward in 1775-6 ; member of the board of war; and left the army in 1776 with the rank of col. and assist, tommissary. Member of tlio house till 1780, when he was a senator; dele- gate to the Old Congress 1780-4; first eora- mi.ss. of the U.S. treas. in 1785-9 ; and U.S. postmaster-gen. 1789-91. Aftenvards member of the N.Y. logisl., and speaker of the house ; supervisor of N.Y. in 1801-3 ; and from 1S03 till his death naval officer of the port of N. w York. He pnb. several vols, on religions sub- jects, and a work on chronology ; was well versed in science and literature, and disting. for integrity, public spirit, and pietv. Osgood, Samuel, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1S27), pastor 1st Cons. Church, Springfield, from 25 June, 1809, to his d. 8 Dec. 1862; b. Fryeburg, Me., 3 Feb. 1784. D.C. 1805. He was an able preacher, and an active reformer. He pub. some sermons and addresses, " Half-Centmy Sermon," 1S59. Osgood, Samuel, D.D. (H.U. 1857), cler- gyman and author, b. Charlestown, Ms., Ang. 30,1812. H.U. 1832; Camb. Divinity School, 1835. After travelling and preaching 2 years, he was ord.. May 6, 1838, over the Unitarian church in Nashua, N.H.; Dec. 29, 1841, he was called to the Westminster Church, Prov., R. I. ; and in 1340 m :li. rimnli <,f the Messiah, N.Y., where h' r " ■ : an i Is09. Ord. deacon in thePr.Kp < \i ,-,,1870. Dr. Osgood has pub. Iran li. : :- dun Olsbausen and Da Wette; "The History of the Pas.sion," 1839; and " Human Life," 1842. Author of " Stud- ies in Christian Biography," 1851; "The Hearthstoms" 1854; " Gud with Men," ls54; (■',,,,■ n / . ;, N.Y.. ls,-,(l-4. lie liana.n- trib. to the Chnslinn Exanumr, the N. A. Re- view, the Bibliot/ieca Sacra, and the leading monthly magazines. His printed sermons, speeches, and orations are numerous : among them is his discourse at Meadville Theological School on " The Coming Church and its Cler- gy," 1858; and his oration before the alumni oi' H.U. in 1860. He has been active in literary and educational objects. His theological sym- pathies, before becoming an Episcopalian, weie with what was called the "Broad Church." Many years corrcsp. sec. of the N.Y. Historical Society. Osgood, Thaddeus, philanthropist, b. Methuen, Ms., Oct. 24, 1775; d. Glasgow, 677 Scotland, Jan. 19, 1852. Dartm. Coll. 1803. He studied divinity mth Drs. Lothrop and Emmons. Ord. ah. 1806; was stated supply in Soutlibury, Ct. ; and was a missionary in N. Y. and Canada. He organized the first church in Buffalo, N.Y., and many others ; in 1812 collected S9,000 in Eng. for a school in Quebec, and gathered there 200 hoys in a sab- bath school; went again to Enj. in ISi.'i, and collected S5,000 for a soeictv n ju.. h.i; rdv.- cation and industry; in 1> -7 > r society in Canada to supply I , i . - in u and emi^j'rants ; was many y _..rj ;i ..uLibu^.r of tracts, and founder of sabbath schools ; went a third time to Eng. for benevolent objects; and closed his useful life in Scotland. Ossoli. — See Fuller, Sarah Maegaket. Osterhaus, Gen. Peter Joseph, b. Prus- sia. Served as an officer in the Prussian anny ; afterward settled in St. Louis, Mo. Entered the Union service in 1861 as maj. 2d Mo. Vols. ; took part in the battles of Dug Spring and Wilson's Creek; became col. 12th Mo. Vols. ; com. a brigade under Gen. Fremont; took part in the exped. under Gen. Curtis which resulted in the battle of Pea Ridge, where he com. a divis. and greatly disting. himself; was made brig.- gen. June 9, 1862; in Dec. com. a divis. in the 13th corps at Helena, Ark., witli iihich lie par- ticipated in the caiitu'i' <>t Arl; :ii-n- I'o r, U Jan.l863,andintho\'i. k.!,ur^ , ,:iii]i,ii:H : rr.iii. 1st div. 15th corp.-i in ih,' up r,]ii,,ii, at i liatia- nooga and battle of Mi.-?iuii. liid-ij ; iu iht At- lanta campaign in 18G4, and in that of Ga. and S.C. com. the 15th corps; maj,-gen. 23 July, 1864; chief of staff to Gen. Canby at lOrby Smith's surrender in May, 1865. Oswald, Col. Eleazer, b. Eng. ab. 1755; d. New York, Oct. 1, 1 795, of ycllow"-fever. He was of good family, being related to Eichard of Auehencruive. Ilis sympathies were awakened by the action of the Sons of Liberty in America as early as 1770, and he soon after came to America ; ?crrcd as a capt. under Arnold, and regt. of artillery, and soon afterwards disting. himself with Arnold at Compo. For his bra- very at the battle of Monmouth he was highly commended by Generals Knox and Lee ; soon after this engagement he left the service. He engaged in the printing and publishing busi- ness at Phila., and was app. public jjrinter. Upon constitutional questions li .■• ,■ , n "i,; n- nent of Hamilton, whom in 17- ' ' _ d to fight a duel ; their friend- a lit- ter, and the meeting was piv\!!- I 111 i:,iL', being in Eng. on business, he went to the t'on- tinent, joined the French army, and com. a regt. of art. at the battle of Jcmappes. Oswald, Richard of Anehencruive, b. 1 705 ; d. Nov. 6, 1 784. One of the framers of the treaty of peace which closed the Rcvol. war. He was a merchant of Lond., and gave bail for Henry Laurens in the sum of £50,000. He m. Mary Ramsay, celebrated by Burns in one of his songs. Otey, James Hervey, D.D. ( Col. Coll. 1833), Pr.-Ep. bishop of Tenn., b. Liberty, Va., Jan. 27, 1800; d. Memphis, Tenn., Apr. 23,1863. U. of N. C. 18:iO. Ord. 1825, and was the first Prot.-Episc. minister who settled in Tenn.; conscc. bishop Jan. 14, 1834; and did duty in Mpi., La., and Ala., among the In- dians, &c. Throughout the South and South- west his title was, " the Good Bishop." Though stronglj' opposed to secession, he was persuaded to write his famous letter to the sec. of state, remonstrating against coercive meas- ures on the part of the Federal govt. : the able reply to this letter changed the views of " the Good Bishop," who thenceforth acted with the Northern diocese. Author of numerous ad- dresses, sermons, charges, speeches, &c., and a vol. entitled " Unity of the Church," &c., 8vo, 1852. Otis, Harrison Gray, statesman and ora- tor, b. Boston, Oct. 8, 1765; d. there Oct. 28, 1S48. H.U. 1783. Son of Samuel A., and nephew of James Otis. Adm. to the bar 1786, he soon became a successful lawyer, and entered upon pulilic life, where his brilliant talents, grai-efiil r.i-:if"->-. n'vl extensive acquirements, gaintii I' I _' • . ■ Aide to Gen. Brooks ill th< -^ . I iiii in 1786 ; member of the k^i . .1 17 ... j.l.C. and a prominent leader ol lU.. 1\,U-a[ purtyin 1797-1801 ; U.S. dist-atty. ISOl ; member of the legisl. and speaker'l 803-5 ; pres. of the State senate 1805- 11; judge of C. C. P. 1814-18; U.S. senator 1817-22 ; mayor of Boston 1829-32. He was a prominent member of the Hartford Conven- tion in Dec. 1814, the views and proceedings of wliieh he afterwards wrote, and pub. a series of letters upon. In the U.S. senate he made an eloquent speech in reply to Pinckney on the Mo. Question in Jan. 1820. He pub. an ora- tion, July 4, 1788 ; letter to W. Heath 1798; eulogy on Hamilton 1804 ; speech on the Mo. Question 1820 ; on the Sedition Law ; addresses in Boston 1824 and 1830. Otis, James, col. and judge, b. Barnstable, June 14, 1702 ; d. Nov. 9, 1778. Son of Judge John Otis, and, without the advantages of a regular education, rose by the native energy of his mind to distinction. A diligent study of the principles of law, as connected with politi- cal institutions, had prepared hir.i as an oppo- nent of the ministerial jilans a;;ainst the Colo- nies, and he ardently engaged iu asserting their rights ; a member of the Prov. legisl. in 1758 ; made speaker of the house in 1760; and con- tinued in that office two years, when he was negatived by Gov. Bernard. On the death of Chief Justice Sewall in 1760, Col. Otis, see onded by his son James, applied to Gov. Ber- nard for the app. of assoc. judge. Mr. Hutchin- son, who was nominated, attributes to their disappointment the " flaming patriotism " of the father and son. In 1763 he was app. judge of probate for Barnstable Co. ; cliief justice of the C. C. P. Feb. 1764 ; the same year he was chosen speaker of the house, and also one of his Majesty's council, but was negatived by the gov., owing to his opposition to the measures of govt. He was elected to the council every succeeding year, and was negatived regularly until 1770, when Lieut.-Gov. Hutchinson appro- bated the choice. During the first years of the OTI 678 OTJS I board, of v war, Mr. Otis sat at the c he was prcs. and thu oldest member. Otis, Jajies, orator and Revol. patriot, b. W. Barnstable, Ms., 5 Feb. 1725; d. Andover, Ms., 23 May, 1783. U.U. 1743. Son of the preceding. Ho studied law with J. Gridley ; at 21 began practice at Plymouth ; removed to Boston in 1750, and acquired a high reputation at the bar; in 1755 he m. Ruth Cunnmgham. In 1760 ho pub. "Rudiments of Latin Proso- dy." Otis's public career dates from his fo- mous speech against the " Writs of Assist- ance" in 1761 ; chosen to the Ic^^isl. in May, 1761, he became the leader of the popular par- ty ; in 1764 lie pub. a pamphlet, " The Eights of the Colonies Vindicated," a ma-sterpiecc of argument. June 6, 1765, he moved the calling of a congress of delegates from the several Colo- nies, whieli was adopted, and to which he was in Oct. a delegate, and one of the com. to pre- pare an address to the commons of Eng. Elected s]icaker of the house in May,_ 1767, he was negatived by the gov., and resigned his office of judge-advocate. Upon the require- ment of Gov. Bernard that the legisl. should rescind its Circular Letter requesting the Colo- nies to unite on some suitable mode of redress, Otis made a speech, pronounced by his enemies as the " most violent, abusive, and treasonable declaration that perhaps was ever uttered." The house refused to rescind by a vote of 92 to 17. In the summer of 1769 he denounced in the Gazette, in severe terms, the calumnies of some of the customs-officers ; who attacked him Sept. 9, and inflicted a deep cut on his head, to which has been partly attributed the derange- ment under which ho afterwards labored. lie obtained a verdict against Robinson, one of his assailants, for ;£2,000, which he gave up on re- ceiving a written apology, and withdrew to the country in 1770 on aeeumit <.f iiis liraltli. Ik- was again areprcsentativr in 1771 , Inn innk no active part in affairs suli-rijiimily, ]n< mind having become seriously iiii|';nn il During a brief lucid interval he resumed ]iraetice in Bos- ton, but, 6 weeks after his retuiTi to Andover, was killed by a stroke of lightning, — a fate for which he had often expressed a wish. Otis's great defect was his irascibility. He was a man of powerful genius and ardent temper, of impeUious and commanding eloquence, and, as a lawyer, stood at the head of the profession. He pub., besides the works named, " Vindica- tion of the House of Representatives," 1762; and "Considerations," &c., 1765. — See Tti- dor's Life of Otis, 8vo, 1823. Otis, CoL. John, .iudge, b. Hingham, Ms., 1657 ; d. Barnstable, Ms., Sept. 23, 1727. John his father was in Hingham in 1 635 ; went to Scituate ab. 1 662 ; and "d. 1 6P4, a. 64. Col. Otis was 20 years the representative of Barnstable; councillor 1706-27; many years com. tho miii'ia of the county ; was chief justice of the C.C.P., and first judge of probate. He had fine talents, and possessed great wit and humor. Otis, SAMtrEL Alletne, bro. of James, b. Barnstable, Nov. 24, 1 740 ; d. at Washington, Apr. 22, 1814. H.U. 1759. lie commenced the study of law, but abandoned it, and en- gaged in mercantile pursuits in Boston ; rcpre- the Gen. Court in 1776, and a member of the convention which framed the State constitution; during the Revol. he was a member of tho board of war, and in 1784 speaker of the house; in 1787 ho was app. one of thecommiss. to negotiate with the insurgents in the Shays Rebellion ; member of Congress in 1788 ; and, after the adoption of the Federal Constitution, was chosen sec. of the U.S. senate. He m. Elizabeth, only dau. of Harrison Gray, receiver-gen. of Ms. (who d. 1794, a. 84), and was the father of H. G. Otis. Otterbein, Philip William, founder of the Church of tho United Brethren, b. Dillen- burg, Germany, June 4, 1726; d. Baltimore, Md., Nov. 17, 1813. Ord. to the ministry in the Reformed Church at Herbom in 1 749 ; sent in 1752 missionary to America by tlie synod of Holland, he settled first at Lancaster, Pa. ; olKciatcd at Tulpehockea and York, Pa., and Frederick, Md., and in 1774 established himself at Baltimore; shortly after his settle- ment at Lancaster he adopted "new measures," such as prayer-meetings, class-meetings, and open-air meetings held in groves ; he made many i'inerant tours, associating with himself other preach':'rs of like faith and zeal ; and at the time of his death there were united to his church ab. 100 preachers and 20,000 membci's. He was a man of great learning, piety, and zeal. His chm-ch is spread over large portions of tho Northern and Southern States, and numbers about 90,000 communicants. Otto, John C, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1796), physician, b. N.J. 1775; d. Philadelphia, Juno 30, 1845. N. J. Coll. 1792. His father. Dr. Bodo Otto, was a disting. physician and Revol. officer. John C. was a successful practitioner in Phila. for nearly 50 years ; was an attending physician in the Pa. Hospital, and for many vc ars elinital leetnn r in that institution. He ]hiI.. n.nl. i.ap. rs in tin- X.Y. Med. Repos., and in 111.- A'. .1. Mill, anil Sunj. Journal 1828-30. — ,s,, Mrninir.K 1,1/ I. Parrish, Phila. 1845. Otto, Louis William, Count de Moslot, French diplomatist, b. 1754 in the duchy of Baden; d. Paris, Nov. 9, 1817. Educated at the U. of Sfrasburg; in 1777 app sec. of lega- tion at Bavaria. The ambassador Luzerne, being app. minister to the U.S. in 1779, took with him M. Otto, who remained as sec. and chari]( d'affaires till 1792 ; he was then employed by the com. of public safety, but, on the fall of the Girondists, was sent to the Luxembourg Prison, where he remained till the 9th tliermi- dor; in 1798 he went to Berlin as sec. to the ambassador Sieyes; in 1800 he was sent to Eng. to treat for an exchange of prisoners, and acted as minister-plenipo. till the peace of Amiens ; after the campaign of 1809 he was amba^sador to Vienna, whore ho negotiated the man-iage of Napoleon with the archduchess ; ho became a minister of state on his return to Paris in 1813, and during the hundred days was under-sec. of state for foreign all'airs. He m. a Miss Livingston. Ouseley, Sm William Gore, D.C.L. (of Oxon.), son of Sir William, b Lund. 1797; d. there 6 Mar. 1866. Attache' at Stookhoira 1817; at Washington in Nov. 1825; and m. there the dau. of C. P. Van Ness. Author of OVA 679 "Remarks on the Statistics and Polit. Insti- tutions of the U S," 8vo, 1S32 ; " Views of S. America," 1852, &c. „ . , „ Ovando, Nicolas, a Spanish officer, and commander of the order of Alcantara, b. ab. 1460 ; d 1 5 1 S. He succeeded Bobadilla as gov. of Hispaniola in 1501 . Though just and kind to the Spanish colonists, he perpetrated great cruelties upon the Indians, many of whom were massacred at Xaraqua by his orders ; he also treated Columbus with great injustice, thwarting him upon all occasions. He was re- called in 1503, and succeeded by Diego Colum- bus, son of the great admiral. Overman, Fkedekick, mining cngr of Phila ; d. 1852. Author of " Manuf of Iron," 1850; of "Steel," 1851; "Moulders' and Founders' Pocket-Guide," 1S51 ; ;'Pract. Min- eralogy, Assaying, and Mining," 1851 ; "Mechanics for the Milhvi-ight, Machinist," &c, 1852; "Metallurgy," 1852. — 4«ifone. OviedO, Y Valdes (o-ve-a'do e val-d6s'), Gonzalez Hernando, a Spnnish chronicler, 8 a coll., he was made vice-pres. He made Owen, George W., politician, b. Bruns- wick Co., Va., 1796 ; d. Mobile, Ala., Aug. 18, 1837. He was speaker of the Ala. house of representatives ; M.C. 1823-9 ; mayor of Mo- bile, and afterwards coll. of that port. Owen, Griffith, an eminent Quaker preacher and physician to the early settlers of Pa.; d. Phila. 1717. He held several civil Owen John, gov. N.C. 1828-30, b. Bladen Co N.C.', Aug. 1787 ; d. Pittsborough, Oct. 1841. Educated at the U. of N.C. Devoted himself to a<'riculture ; member of the house in 1812, and oftbe senate in 1827 ; and pres. of the conv. at Harrisburg which nominated Harrison Owen, John Jasos, D.D., LL.D., scholar and author, b. Colebrook, Ct., Aug. 13, 1803; d N.Y. Apr. 18, 1869. Mid. Coll., Vt., 1829 ; And. Sem. 1831. Ord. in 1832, and connected with the Presb. Educ. Soc. On the establish- ment of the Cornelius Inst., he look charge of it, withdrawing in Nov. 1848 to become prof, of the Latin and Greek languages and lit. at youth at court, and saw the final campaigns of the Moorish war. In 1514 ho was sent to St. Domingo as supervisor of gold smeltmgs ; became insp.-gen. of commerce, and passed most of his days in America. Author of " Cronica de las fn'Mas," 1535, rcpub. at Sala- manca, with additions, in 1547, — one of the scarcest and most valuable records of early Spanish-American history ; also of a valuable work, still in MS., " Quinquagenus, or 50 dialogues; liis " History of Nicaragua" was pub. by Tcrnaux Compans, Paris, Sto, 1840. Owen, CoL. Abraham, b Prince Edward Co Va., 1769 ; killed at the battle of Tippe- duced^ reform canoe, Nov. 7, 1811. Hemoved to Shell)y Co., ■•'-■'-- Ky in 1785 ; served in the campaigns of Wil- kinson and St. Clair in 1791, and in Col. Har- din's exped. to White River. Surveyor of Shelbv Co. in 1796; afterward a magistrate, and col. of militia ; member of the Ky. Const. Conv. in 1799, and of both branches of the State legisl. ; aide-de-camp to Harrison at Tip- pecanoe. — Coltms's Hist. Ki/. Owen, David Dale, geologist, son ot Robert, b. Lanarkshire, Scotland, June 24, ; d. New Harmony, Ind., Nov. 13, edu Hofwyl, S» father to New Harmon. lo'V and other branches i n. His Autobiography gives much of in- his career. — See Life of Owen bi/ F. A. excellent translations of Homer's " Iliad and " Odyssev," Tluicydides, and Xenophon s " Anabasis "and " Cvropaedia ; " and translated the Acts of the Apostles into Greek. He also pub. 3 vols, of Commentaries on the Gospels. Owen, Robert, philanthropist, b. New- town, Montgomeryshire, Scotland, 14 March, 1771 ; d. there 19 Nov. 1858. He acquired wealth bv the manuf. of cotton, and, sympa- thizing with the working-classes, he, with his father-in-law and partner, David Dale, intro- duced reforms in regard to their dwellings, their hours of labor, and the education of their children. In 1812 he pub. " New View of So- ciety " maintaining a theory of modified com- munism. Wishing to test his system on a large scale, he in 1825 purchased New Harmony, Ind. and, with the assistance of his son Robert Dale Owen, tried it there. It flourished for a time ; but as a social experiment it was a failure, as was also his effort to establish in London a " labor exchansie." In 1828 he went to Mex., but could effect nothing there; in 1829 he Ss;;3,i:.,:;:,,.......,;,sj.~n.«. sf£SiC'^ot.£;^.^ the study of -eolo'V and other branches of labor-leagues from which sprung the Cl.artist .rals^-ienee in Europe, and in 1833 took up movement. In Ins later years hejvas a Spii.t- esidcnce in thf U ; employed bv Book of the New Moral Worid," presenting : the legisl. of Ind. in a geological survey of the system of„rdigion^ and^^soc.e.y^ac_cord,ng .t 1860. alts of which were pub., and re- ■acKara, x-niia. i^mu, louu. . Owen, Robert Dale, author and politi- ian, son of Robert, b. Glasgow, 7 Nov. 1801. State, S:?ion :.r^e ^:Jr^\Ztr\:Z:lZ Pa^^. Plnla. 12mo, 1866, instructions from the gen. land-office ; and of ICy., from 1852 to 1 ^ i::^f^\^^:'r^^::i^^^:L sr;^2^B;ri83r" Member of the- m. with Madame D'Arusemont the New- Harmony afterward called the Free Jiiqwrer, legisl. 1835-8 ; M.C. 1843-7 ; chairman of 0"WE C80 PAE tlic Ind. Const. Conv. in 1849 ; charr/^ d'affaires at Naples in 1353-8. After 15 years' labor, he procured tlie passage of laws in Ind. securing to women independent rights of property, and during the Rebellion sci'ved on two important govt, commissions. lie was prominent in the organization of the Smithsonian Inst., and one of its first regents. Author of " Popular Tracts," 1830; "Moral Physiology," 1831; "Pocahontas," a drama, 1837; "Hints on Public Architecture," in Smithsonian Contribs., 4to, 1849; " Plank-Roads," 1856 ; "Footfalls on the Boundaries of Another World." 1849 ; " The Wrong of Slavery, and the Right of Emancipation," 1864; "Policy of Emancipa- tion," 1863 ; " Beyond the Breakers," 1869. Owens, John E., comedian, b. Liverpool, 1823; brought to the U.S. in 1826, and was afterwards in business in Phila. His first ap- pearance was at the National, Phila. ; Aug. 20, 1846, he played at Masonic Hall, Phila. Joint manager of the Baltimore Museum in 1 849; made an extensive European tour in 1852; manager of the Cliarles-st. Theatre, Baltimore, 1854, and of the N. Orleans Varieties 1859-61 ; Slayed a brilliant engagement at Wallack's, '.Y. 1864-5 ; opened at the London Adelphi, July 3, 1865, as Solon Shingle, his great part ; was at the Broadway in Jan.-Apr. 1866 ; and in 1869 played John Unit, in " Self," at Wallack's, -N.r.— Brown's Amer. Stage. Owsley, William, gov. Kv. 1844-8, b. Va. 1782; d. Danville, Ky., Deb. 1862. His father settled in Lincoln Co., Ky., in 1783. He taught school ; studied law with Judge Boyle ; represented Garrard Co. for several years in the legisl. ; judge of the Supreme Ct. 1812-28. Removed'to Boyle Co. in 1843. Oxenbridge, John, "minister of Boston, b. Daventry, Eng., Jan. 30, 1609 ; d. Dec. 28, 1674. Educated at Oxford, and also at Cam- bridge, where he took his degree in 1631 ; be- came a preacher ; made several voyages to the W. Indies ; was ord. pastor of a church in Bev- erly, Eng., in 1644, and chosen fellow of Eton Coll. ; and afterwards settled at Berwick-on- Tweed, where he was silenced in 1662. Ho next went to Surinam ; in 1667 was at Barba- does; and in 1669 came to Boston, where he was ord. April 10, 1670, over the First Church as coU. with Mr. Allen. He was a very pop- ular preacher. His publications are "The Duty of Watchfulness ; " "Election Sermon," 1671; "Seasonable Seeking of God;" and " A Proposition for propagating the Gospel by Christian Colonies in Guiana." — Sto. Oxendine, Alexandek W., Baptist cler- gyman and Revol. veteran, b. S.C. Aug. 26, 1759; d. Benton's Creek, Phelps Co., Mo., Sept. 3, 1869, aged 110. He was one of Mari- on's men, and was many years a minister. He retained his sight, hearing, and intellect to his last hour. Pabodie, William Jewett, poet, b. Providence, R.I., ab. 1812; d. there 1870. Has pub. " Calidore," a legendary poem, and many smaller pieces. Paca, William, Revol. statesman, b. Wye Hall, Harford Co., Md., Oct. 31, 1740; d. 1799. Phila Coll. 1758. Adm. a student at the Middle Temple, Lond., Jan. 14, 1762; practised law at Annapolis; member of the legisl. from 1771, signalizing himself by his opposition to the royal govt. ; member of the com. of corresp. in 1774; delegate to Congress 1774-9, and a signer of the Decl. of Indep. ; State senator 1777-9 ; chief justice 1778-80; chief judge of the Court of Appeals 1780-2 ; gov. 1782 and 1786; member of the conven- tion which ratified the U.S. Constitution in 1788, and U.S. dist. judge from 1789 till his death. He contrib. of his private wealth to the patriot cause, and served upon many impor- tant local committees. His first wife was a dau. of Samuel Chew. Packard, Rev. Alpheds Spking, D.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1860), b. Chelmsford, Ms., 1798. Bowd. Coll. 1816. Tutor there 1819-24, and prof, of Greek and Latin 1824-65 ; librarian 1 869. Edited, with notes. Xenophon's " Memo- rab.," 1839; works of Rev. Jesse Appleton, with Memoir, 2 vols. 8vo, 1837. Contrib. Sketches of Appleton, Samuel Eaton, and Dr. Packard, to Sprague's " Annals," and papers to several periodicals. Pub. " Hist. Bunker's- Hill-MonnnK'nt Assoc," 1853. Packard, Fkederick Adolphus, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1S59), b. Marlborough, Ms., Sept. 26, 1794; d. Nov. U, 1867. H.U. 1814. Son of Rev, Asa. He read law at Northampton, Ms.; practised law at Springfield, Ms., 1817- 29; member State legisl. 1828-9 ; edited the Hampden Federalist 1 years ; removed in 1 829 to Phila., and from 1829 to his d. edited the publications of the Sunday-school Union, — 2,000 in number, more than 40 of which he wrote or compiled. Elected pres. of the Gi- rard Coll. for orphans, July, 1849, but declined. He edited the .S'. S. Magazine, the 5. S. Journal, and Youth's Penny Gazette ; prepared the soci- ety's annual reports; pub. tracts and occasion- al | ■; - nil S -r]|,,i,j, riiiicaiional, and other su'. , i; M! > ■ .1 I'.ePhila. ./o«r. o/- /'/' ,' ! nil. to the Princeton y.'tr., iih .\ y :, iihl other periodicals. Amons his puhs. are " Union Bible Diction- ary," 1837; "The Teacher Taught," 1839; " Separation of Convicts," 1849 ; " The Teach- er Teaching," 1861 ; " The Rock," 1861 ; ^ " Life of Robert Owen," 1866 ; " Daily Public School of the U.S.," 1866; "Visit to Euro- pean Hospitals," 1840. Packer, William F., gov. Pa. 1858-61, b. Centre Co., Pa., 1807 ; d. Williamsport, Pa., Sept. 27, 1870. He became a printer ; studied, but never practised law ; pub. the Li/coming Gazette in IS27-36; canal com. 1839-42; State auditor 1842-5; State senator 1845-8; then pres. of the Susquehanna R.R. Co. until its consolidation with the Northern Central R.R. Co , of which he was a director until 1858. Paez (pa-fith'), Jose Antouio, a South- American soldier, b. San Felipe, Caracas, 1787. He fought on the royalist side in the beginning of the struggle for liberty, but joined the patriots in 1810; defeated Rafael Lopez in 1816, and was made a brig.-gen. ; recovered the province of Apure ; routed La Torre at Las Mercuritas, 28 Jan. 1817 ; and thenceforth acted in concert with Bolivar. For his ser vices at Ortiz he was made gen. of division. The battle of Carabobo iu 1821, which secured FA.G- 681 the independence of Colombia, established his military reputation ; and Bolivar offered to make liim gen.-in-chief. His capture of Puer- to Cabello, in Nov. 1823, ended Spanish author- ity in Colombia. Ho was made a senator and commandant of Venezuela ; and when, in Sept. 1829, it became an indep. republic, Paez was chosen pres. In 1839 be again became pres. He led the revolutionists against the usurper Monagas in 1848, but was unsuccessful, and was imprisoned, but was released, and resided in New York, May, 1850-Dec. 1858, when he returned to Venezuela. Minister to the U.S. ill 18G0, but in 1861 returned to Venezuela. Page, Benjamin, capt. U.S.N., b. Eng. 1792; a. New York, April 16, 1858. Mid- shipm. Dec. 17, 1810; lieut. Apr. 27, 1816; master Dec. 22, 1835 ; capt. Sept. 8, 1841. Page, Charles Grafton, M.D., physi- cist, b. Salem, Ms., Jan. 28, 1812; d. Wash- ington, D.C., May 5, 18C8. H.U. 1832. He constructed an electrical machine when only ten years of age. In 1838-40 he practised medicine in Va. ; was prof, of chemistry in Col. Coll., D.C., in 1839-40, and from that time till his death was examiner in the U.S. patent-oflSce. He was a frequent contrib. to iSiltiiiian's Journal, and is the author of a- con- cise and complete treatise upon the subject of electrical science and discovery. He had been for years perfecting machinery for the effective and economical use of electro-magnetism as a motive-power, and had so far succeeded as to be able to use it for the propulsion of machine- ry, and, to some extent, as a locomotive force. Author of " Psychomancy, or Spirit-Rappings Exposed," 12mo, 1853. Page, David P., b. Epping, N.H., 1816; d. 1848. Principal of the N.Y. State Normal School. Author of " Elem. Chart of Vocal Sounds," 1847; "Theory and Practice of Teaching," 1847. Page, John, gov. of Va. 1802-5, b. Rose- well, Gloucester Co., Va., April 17, 1743; d. Richmond, Oct. 11, 1808. VVm. and M. Coll. 1763, which he represented in the house of burgesses. He was also a member of the Colonial Council. Disting. for talents and patriotism, he displayed during the Revol. an ardent attachment to the cause of the Colo- nies ; was in 1776 one of the most conspicuous members of the convention which formed the constitution of Va., and was app. one of the first councillors; member of the com. of pub- lie safety, and lieut.-gov. of the State; and also contrib. freely from his private fortune to the public cause. At one time he com. a mili- tia regt. raised to repel a British invasion. Ho was among the first representatives to Con- gress from Va. 1789-97 ; and was commiss. of loans for Va. from 1806 till his death. He pub. addresses to the people 1796-9. His son OcTAVius Augustus, first lieut. of the frig- ate '' Chesapeake," d. Boston, June, 1813, a. 28. Page, John, gov. of N.H. 1839-42, b. Haverhill, N.H., May 21, 1787; d. there Sept. 8, 1805. He received an academical educa- tion ; was a practical farmer, and, during the intervals of public duty, resided upon and cul- tivated the old homestead farm left him by Assessor of the direct tax, 5th dist., N.H.,1815; member of the legisl. 1818- 20 and 1835; register of deeds, Grafton Co., 1828-34; U.S. senator 1836-7; State coun- cillor 1838. lie was a leading Mason. Page, Thomas Jefferson, commander U.S.N., b. Va. ab. 1815. Midshipman in 1827; lieut. in June, 1833; and com. Sept. 1855. The early part of his service was in the coast-survey. In 1853-May, 1856, he com. an exped. to explore the River La Plata, a nar- rative of which was pub. N.Y., 8vo, 18.")9 ; and in 1857-Dec. 1860, made an exploration of the Parana and the tributaries of the Paraguay. ■.23, parents to N.Y. City in 1819, and at the age of 11 received a premium from the Amer. Institute for a drawing in India ink. After passing nearly a year with Herring, a portrait-painter, he became a pu- pil of S. F. B. Morse ; was adm. a student of the acad., and received the premium of a large silver medal for his drawings from the antique. He spent a year in Albany, painting portraits, excelling in the brillancy of his color and the accuracy of his drawing. Adm. a member of the National Acad., he was app. to paint the portraits of Gov. Marcy and John Quincy Adams. Besides portraits, he has executed several historical compositions, a " Holy Fami- ly," now in the Boston Athenseum ; " The Wife'sLastVisittoher Condemned Husband," and " The Infancy of Henri IV." He resided some time in Boston, where he painted a great number of portraits; returned to New York, where he remained 2 years ; and then went to Europe, residing 1 1 yrs. in Florence and Rome. He returned in the autumn of 1860 to New York, where he now resides. In Italy he painted many portraits, produced his two " Venuses," his " Moses and Aaron on Mount Horeb," the "Flight into Egypt," the " Infant Bacchus," and other works. His copies of Titian were so remarkably like the originals, that one of them was stopped by the authorities of Florence under the belief that it was the origi- nal painting. Since his return to New York, he has delivered a course of lectures on art, and has pub. a " New Method of Measuring the Human Body," based upon the models of the antique. Paige, Alonzo Christopher, jurist, b. Scaghticoke, N.Y., Julv 31, 1797 ; d. Schenec- tady, N.Y., Mar. 31, 18"68. Wms. Coll. 1812. His father. Rev. Winslow, intended him for the ministry ; but, preferring the law, he was adm. to the bar in 1819; was reporter of the Court of Chancery in 1828-46, publishing in the meanwhile 11 vols, of Chancery Reports; member of the N.Y. legisl. in 1826-30 ; senator 1838-42; justice of the Supreme Court 1847- 51, and 1855-7 ; and a member of the Const. Conv. in June, 1867. Paige, Elbridge Gerry (" Dow, jun"), journalist, author of " Short Patent Sermons" by Dow, jun., originally pub. in the ^V. K -S'«n- dai/ ilcTcury, of which he was editor and pro- prietor; b'. Litchfield, Ct., ab. 1816; d. San Francisco, 4 Dec. 1859. Meeting with reverses in N.Y., he went ab. 1849 to Cal., where he be- came intemperate, and d. in great want. Paige, Lucius Robinson, D.D. (Tufts Coll. 1861), b. Harchvick, Ms., Mnr. 8, 1802. Univcr.'salist prearlier 1825-41 ; since ciisliicr Cambridge (Ms.) Bank ; and in 1846-.55 city clci-k ol C. Has pub. " Selections from Emi- nent Commentators," 1833 ; " Centennial at Hanlwick," Nov. 15, 1833 ; " Commentary on N. Test.," 6 vols. 1844-69 ; papers in Univer- salist periodicals. He is preparing a History of Cambrid-e, Ms. Paine, Charles, gov. of Vt. 1S41-3, b. Williamstown, Vt., Apr. 15, 1799; d. Waco, Texas, July 6, 1853. H. U. 1820. Son of Elijah. Engaged in manufacturing, in which he was very successful. He rendered the State great service in the construction of its rail- roads. His last railroad project was the ex- ploration of a southern route for a great Pacific railroad. Gov. Paine was a liberul patron of the U. of Vt. and the Northliild Acadeniv. Paine, Elijah, LL.D. (H.U- 1812), jurist, b. Brooklvn, Ct., Jan. 21, IT.'.? ; d. Williams- town, Vt.', Apr. 28, 1842. H.U. 1781. He studied law, and in 1784 settled in Vt. Mr. Piiine was a scliolar, a wcll-joad lawyer, and also a fanner, a road-maker, and a pioneer in the manufacture of American cloths, for which purpose he constructed an establishment at NorthKeld. Member and sec. of the conven- tion to revise the State constitution in 1786 ; member of the State legisl. 1787-91 ; a judge of the Supreme Court 1791-5; U.S. senator 179.5-1801.andU.S.dist.judgeforVt. inl801- 42. In 17S9 he was ono nf the commiss. to settle the oontruv, r-v Intuon N.Y. and Vt. ; pres. of the Vt. (.'i.l.iinz.itinii .Sucimy, to winch, as well as to l>urtiii. Cull. an. I to the U. uf Vt., he was a liberal benefactor. Fellow of the Amer. and Northern Academies of Arts and Sciences. In 1782 he pronounced the first oration before the Phi Beta Kappa Soc. of H.U. , and was elected its pres. in 1789. Paine, Elijah, lawvcr, son of the preced- inff, b. Williamstown, Vt., Apr. 10, 1796; d. N.Y. Oct. 6, 1853. H. U. 1814 ; Litchf Law School. Adm. to the bar, and practised in N.Y. City. Associated in business with Henry Wheatoo, LL.D., he had much to do with tlie Reports of the U.S. Supreme Court which bear Mr. Wheaton's name. He was also the author of Paine's "U.S. Circuit Reports;" and in 1830, in connection with John Duer, LL.D., pub. Paine and Duer's " Practice in Civil Actions and Proceedings in the State of NY.," 2 vols. From 1850 to his death, he was ajudge of the Superior Court of N.Y. His decision in the Lemmon slave case was particularly able. Paine, Halbert E., brev. maj.-gen. vols. ; M.C. 186.5-71; b.Chardon, O., 4 i^eb. 1826. W. Res. Coll. 1845. Adm. to the bar in 1848 at Cleveland ; removed to Milwaukie in 1 857 ; col. 4th Wis. Regt. 1861-3; brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1863 ; took part in defence of Washington, D.C., during Early's raid, and lost a leg while in com. 3d div. 19th corps in the last assault on Port Hudson, June, 1863. Paine, Martyn.M.D. (H.U. 1816), LL.D., physician, son of Elijah, b. Williamstown, Vt., July 8, 1794.^ H.U. 1813. He studied medi- cine with Dr. John Warren of Boston, and practised in Montreal, Canada, in 1816-22; then removed to N.Y., and acquired a large practice. In 1832, during the pr< !valenee of cholera, he wrote a series of letter s upon the disease to Dr. J. C. Warren, subswinently pub. as " The Cholera Asphyxia of NY." He has pub. " Medical and Physiological Commen- taries," 3 vols. 1840-4 ; " Materia Mcdica and Therapeutics," 1842; "The Institutes of Medicine," 1847 ; " The Soul and Instinct dis- tinguished from Materialism," 1848, subse- quently incorporated in the " Institutes of Medicine ; " and in 1852 a Memoir of his son, Robert Troup. In 1856 Dr. Paine contrib. an elaborate essay on " Theoretical Geology " to the Prot.-Epis. Qnurteily Review, controverting the geological interpretations of the Mosaic narrations of creation and the flood. In 1841 Dr. Paine and others established the University 'S\-,\ {\.\\ , in which he for many years held the iiiiuh.i. ami Mih-L-quentlv that of therapeutics ana iiLiienaiiicdica. In 1854 be w-isjirominent in effecting a repeal of the law prohiliiiinL,' ilis- secdons of the human body. M.inlii r cil niaiiy of the principal learned societies in i;iin.|ic and America. Paine, Robert, D.D., bishop of the M.E. Church South, b. N.C. 1799. Emigrated to Tcnn. in 1813. Nashville U. 1826. He en- tered the Tenn. cotif. in 1819; pres. of La- grange Coll., Ala., 1830-46, and then chosen bishop. Eminent both as a pulpit orator, and as presiding officer in the annual conlerence. Resides in Mpi. Author of ji work on_ Hop- Time 3ishop (H.U. 3o»ton, . H.U. stor of and " Life MeKendree," 2 vols. 8vo. Paine, Robert Treat, LL.D. 1805), signer of the Dccl.of Indcp., b. March 11, 1731 ; d. there May 11, 1814 1749. His father Thomas had been p: a church in Weymouth, but was afterward a merchant of Boston. His mother was the dan. of Samuel Treat, and grand-dau. of Samuel Willard. After graduating, he kept school to help stipport his parents, lor whose miiinfe^ nance he also made a voyage to Europe. He then studied theology, and in 1755 acted as chaplain to the Northern provincial troops, but afterward studied the law. On his admission to .the bar in 1759, he established himself at Taunton, where he resided many years. lu 1770 he conducted with great ability and in- genuity, in the absence of the atty.-gen., the prosecution of Capt. Preston and his men for the Boston Massacre. In 1773 he was a reprcsentar tive ; was a delegate to the Prov. Congress in 1774-5; a member of the Cont. Congress in 1774-8, rendering important services upon vari- ous committees. In 1776 he, with 2 others, was deputed by Congress to visit the army of Schuyler in the North; speaker of the Ms. h. of reps, in 1777; atty.-gen. of Ms. on the or- ganization of the State, and also a member of the exec, council ; in 1779 he was a member of the State Const. Conv., and one of the com. which prepared the draught of it ; and was app. judge of the Supreme Court in 1776, but declined. He removed to Boston ab. 1 780, and was judge of the Ms. Supreme Court in 1790- 1804. Paine's legal attainments were great :_ he ranked high as a lawyer ; was an able and im- partial judge; an excellent scholar ; and was noted for the brilliancy of his mt. A founder of the Ainer. Acad, of IVIs. in 1780. Paine, Robert Treat, poet, b. Taunton, Ms., Dec. 9, 1773; d. Boston, Nov. 13, 1811. H.U. 1792. Sou of the preceding, and was originally named Thomas, but, desirous of pos- sessing a " Christian " name, had it changed by the logisl. try men s souls." It revived the drooping ar- dor of the people, was read at the head of cti ry regt., and bore fruit in the battles of Trenton and Princeton a few days later. This publica- tion was continued till April, 1783. He was sec. to the com. ou foreign aii'airs in Congress from Apr. 1777 to Jan. 1779, losing his place Abandoning mercantile for having in the Phila. Padcet denied the va- pursuits after a brief trial, he established in Oct. 1794 a political and litcraiy paper, the Federal Orrery, in which appeared " The Jacobiniad," and also "The Lyars;" their personalities pro- curing him many enemies, and occasioning as- saults on his person. He had written veraes for the Ms. Ma-j., and subsequently wrote theat- rical criticisms. In Feb. 1795 he ra. IMiss Ba- ker, an actress. Paine had a prolific imagina- tion, was bold in his views, guick at retort, witty, and exceedingly sarcastic. His " Inven- tion of Letters," 1795, was greatly admired; and Washington expressed in a letter to him his ap- preciation of its merits. He received for this poem $1,500; and for "The Ruling Passion," intended as a gallery of portraits, SI,200. In 1793 Paine wrote the celebrated national song, " Adams and Liberty," — a patriotic ellusion which brought him more than H dollars a line. In 1799 he delivered an oration on the first an- niversary of the dissolution of the alliance with France ; and, turning his attention to the study of law under Judge Parsons, was adm. to the Sull'oik bar in 1802 ; retired from the pl■ofes^ion in 1809; and soon after became an inmate of his father's mansion in Boston, where he wrote " The Steeds of Apollo," his last famous effu- sion. Jan. 2, 1800, he delivered at Newbury- port a eulogy on Washington. His writings, with a Biography by Charles Prentiss, were pub. 8vo, 1812. Paine, Thom.^s, political and dei^tical writer, b. Thetford, Norfolk, Eng., 29 Jan. 1737 ; d. New York, 8 June, 1809. His father was a Quaker, and brought up his son to his own trade, that of stay-maker. At the gram- mar-school of Thetford he obtained some knowl- edge of mathematics. He worked at his trad -, preached occasionally as a dissenting minister, married, and settled in Sandwich in 1 759. In 1764 he became an exciseman; was afterward a teacher, then a tobacconist ; failed in business in 1774, and went to London. By the advice of Dr. Franklin he came to America, arriving inPhiia. inDec. 1774. In 1775he edited thePo. Mug.; Oct. 18 he pub. in Bradford's Pa. Jour- nal. " Serious Thoughts upon Slavery," &c., expressing the hope that the Icgisl. would put a stop to the importation of negroes, ameliorate the condition of the slaves, and ultimately pro- vide for their freedom. In his celebrated pam- phlet called " Common Sense," which appeared in Jan. 1776, ho advocated independence, con- tributing in an extraordinary degree to the dis- semination of republican ideas. It procured him a reward of £500 from the legisl. of Pa., the honorary degree of M.A. from its univer- sity, and membership in the Philos. Society. Joining the army in the autumn of 1776, he was a short time aide to Gen. Greene. Dec. 1 9, 1776, — a most gloomy period of the war, — Paine pub. his first " Crisis," opening with the since familiar phrase, " These are the times that lidity of Silas Deane's claims upon the govt, lu Jan. 1780, when financial ruin impended, he gave S500, the amomit of his salary as clerk of the Assembly of Pa., to start a relief-fund. In Feb. 1731 he went with Col. Laurens to France to negotiate a loan, and returned Aug. 25 with S2,500,000 in silver. In 1782 he pub. a " Letter to the Abbe' Raynal," connecting the mistakes in his account of the Amer. Revol., and soon afterwards a " Letter to the Earl of Shelburne," who had prophesied, that, "when Britain shall acknowledge Amer. independence, the sun of Britain's glory is set forever." For his Revol. services, Congress in 1785 gave him S3,000; and the State of N.Y. granted him 500 acres of land in New Kochelle. In Apr. 1 787 he went to England, and invented an iron bridge, the prototype of so many similar struc- tures, one of which was built at Rotherham, Yorkshire. Visiting Paris, he pub., under the name of Duchatelet, a tract recommending the abolition of royalty. In Mar. 1791 he wrote, in answer to Burke's " Reflections on the French Revol.," his celebrated "Rights of Man," which attained great popularity. For tliis work he was outlawed in Eng., but in Sept. 1792 was elected a member of the French National Con- vention. Acting with the Girondists, and op- posing the execution of the king, he incun-ed the hatred of the Jacoiiins, and ah. the end of 1794 was expelled from the Convention as a foreigner; was cast into prison, and narrowly escaped death in the Reign of TeiTOr. In Nov. 1794 he was released through the influence of Mr. Monroe, in whose house he resided 18 months, and resumed his seat in the Conven- tion Dec. 8. In 1 795 appeared his " Age of Reason," which, though denounced as atheisti- cal, expressly inculcates a belief in God. He came to the U.S. in Oct. 1802, finally settling in New York, and occasionally passing a few months ou his estate at New RochcUe. At MonticoUo, whither he was invited by Jetferson, he left a favorable impression, and was cordial- ly received at Washington. He was intemper- ate in the latter part of his life, which was passed in comparative obscurity. In 1 81 9 Wm. Cobbett took his remains to Eng. A monu- ment was erected to his memory in 1839, near his original burial-place. The writings of Paine have the merit of sincerity and boldness, and have been the object of vituperation rather than of controversy. His services to mankind as a political writer, and especially his power- ful exertions to promote the independence of America, constitute a high claun upon the grat- itude of his adopted country. Among his other writings are " The Decline and Fall of the English System of Finance," " Letter to Geo. Washington " (accusing him of ingratitude in not attempting to procure his liberation from the Luxembourg Prison), "Agrarian Justice," &c. The most complete edition of his works evrral jiiccl's not by VJ; A /■ .1, ,, Cidop. U.S.N., b. E. I. ; d. . 1859. Siiilinff-mas- (Bostoii. IR.iG) contains him.— - /— - '■: 1814: ':- ' ■ ,17' r.N; , ,, 1 i '; a I I l/o«%, July uuai>-.c. l: Paine, Tuomas, capi Washington, D.C., 9 No' t;^^rU.S.N. 10 Oct. 1812; licut. 1 Dec. 1815; com. 3 Mar. 1825 ; capt. 8 Sept. 1841. Paine, William, M.D. (Marischal Coll. 1775), phvsician, b. Worcester, Ms., 5 June, 1750; d. there 19 Apr. 1833. H.U. 1768. Son of Hon.Timo. Paine, loyalist. Proscribed as a loyalist in 1778, he became surgeon to the British forces in K. I. and N.Y., and surgeon- gen, in 1782. After the Revol. he settled in N. Brunswick ; was a member and clerk of the Assembly ior the County of Charlotte, and dep. surveyor of the liing's Forests in Amer. He removed to Salem, Ms., in 1787, and in 1793 to Worcester. Painter, Gamaliel, judge, b. New Haven, Ct., May 22, 1743 ; d. Middlebury, Vt., May 21, 1819. He received a common-school edn- cation ; erected the lirst house in Middlebury, Vt., in 1773 ; served as a capt. and qmr. in the Eevol. army ; delegate to the convention that in 1777 declared the, independence of Vt.; was a representative, judge of the County Court, and councillor, 1813-14; a member of the first Const. Conv. of Vt. in 1793 ; and was a prin- cipal founder of Middlebury Coll., to which at his death he left a bequest of about §10,000. Pakenham (pak'-n-am), Sir Edward Michael, G.C B., a British gen., b. N. of Ireland ; was killed at the battle of New Or- leans, Jan. 8, 1815, a. 36. Eldest bro. of Lord Longford. Ap|i. maj. 33d Lt. Drags. Sept. 1794'; lieut.-col. 64th Foot, Oct. 1799 ;"cul. Oct. I8U9; niaj.-Rcn, Jan. 1, 1812; cul. 6th W. L Regt. May 21. 1 I" II ■ i v^I as quarterm.- gen. in the cam; , i '- . m and France to the army uniln '>\ . : .uul was disting. in all the princiii;;] . n^.i^. m- nts of that great commander. He was specially noted at Sala- manca and Badajos, and had been badly wounded at the assault of Morne Fortunee, St. Lucie, and at the capture of Martinique. He com. the expedition against N. Orleans in 1814, and fell gallantly leading his men to the attack of Jackson's lines. Palfray, Warwick, 33 years editor of the Essex licqistar, and State senator of Ms., b. Salem, 1787; d. there Aug. 23, 1838. Author of "Evangelical Psalmist," 1802. Descended from Peter, the first settler at Salem. Began his apprenticeshi]) in the Register office in 1801. Member of the city council of Salem, and of the Ms. legiil. for several years. His son, of the same name, has since successfully carried on the paper. Palfrey, John Gorham, D. D. (H. U. I8:J4), LL.D. (And. Sem. 1838), author, b. Boston, 2 May, 1796.^ H.U. 1815. Grandson of Col. Win., pavm.-gen. Uevol. army, aide to Wasliiii-ton. War.-Apr. 1776, b. Boston, 24 Feb. 1741; lo>t at sea, Dee. 1780, whife on his way to France as consul-gen. John was min- ister of Brattle-street (Unitarian) Church 17 June, 1818-1830; Dexterpi-of. of sacred lit. in U.U. 1831-9; editor iV. Amer. Review 1635- 43; member Ms. legisl. 1842-3; sec. of state of Ms. 1844-8; M.C. 1847-9; postmaster of Boston 1801-6. He delivered courses of lec- tures before the Lowell Institute in 1839 and 1842; was an early advocate of antislavery, having liberated and provitled for a number of slaves who had been bequeathed to him by a deceased relative; eontrib. to the Boston Whig in 1846 a series of articles on " The Progress of the Slave-Power," afterwards collected in a vol. ; was one of the editors of the Common- u-eakh newspaper in I85I ; and has pub. two discourses on "The Historv of Brattle-street Church ; " " Life of Col. Wm. Palfrey," in Sparks's Amer. Biog. ; " Lectures on the Jewish Scriptures and Antiquities ; " " Lectures on the Evidences of Christianity;" Review of Lord Mahon's "Hist, of England," 1852; " Relation between Judaism and Christianitv," 1854; " History of N. England to 1688,"3 vols. 1858- C4 ; " Centennial Discourse at Barnstable," 1839 ; besides orations and addresses. Sarah H. Palfrey, his dau., pub. in 1855 " Pre'miccs," a vol. of poems; " A.unes Wentwonh," 1869. Palmer, Benjami.n Morgan, D.D (S.C. Coll. 1815), b. Phila. 25 Sept. 17S1 ; d. Charles- ton, S. C, 9 Oct. Grandson of Rev. Pastor of the Pif^l and from l^i " : ■ . and Arcbilah - He pub. "ll.. I.nn N.J. Coll. 1800. of Falmouth, Ms. h. Bcaulort, S.C; ) fharleston, S.C. IMiiion," &c., 1835, Palmer, Eliuu, deisiic writer, b. Canter- bury, Ct., 1704; d. Pliila. Apr. 7, 1806. Dartm. Coll. 1787. He studied divinity, hut became a dci. — Cullum. Palmer, James S., rear-adra. U.S.N., b. N.J. 1810; d. St. Thomas, W.l., of yellow- fever, Dec. 7, 1867. U\d,lr.,,n, i:i 1 -■:, ; lieiit. Dec. 17, 1836; com. Scj.t, I .Inly 16, 1862; rear-adm. ISOi;. 1 i ned as lieut. on board "The i Imn' i i in tlie attaek on Quallah Batloo and .Mn.liie, in the Island of Sumatra; in the Mexican war he com. the schooner " Flirt," engaged in block- ading the Mexican coast. When the civil war began, he com. the steamer " Iroquois " of the Medit. squad., but was soon after attached to the Atlantic Ijlock. fleet under Adm. Dupont. In the summer of 1S02 ho led the advance in the passage of tie' \':' ! -lnu iMinii'^ ; was engaged in the i: >. i i : ' i: I ram "Arkansas;" an. I , , , , i , , ,: ; m tlie passage of the \'i- i,- 1:1,4 K i:i m ■- In. r in the same year. At the battle^ of New Orleans and Mobile he was Adra. Farragut's flag-capt., and won from him disting. commendation. As- signed in Dec. 1865 to the com. of the North Atlantic squadron. Palmer, Gen. John McCaulet, b. Eagle Creek, Scott Co., Ky., Sept. 13, 1817. He re- moved to 111. in 1832; settled in Carlinville in 1839; was adm. to the bar in 1840; was a delegate to the State Const. Conv. in 1847; member of the State senate in 1852-4 ; dele- gate to the Nat. Repub. Conv. at Phila. 1856; delegate to tlie Peace Convention at Washing- ton, Feb. 4, 1861 ; col. 14th 111. Vols. Apr. 1861; accomp. Gen. Fremont in hisexped. to Spring- field, Mo.; and Dec. 13 was made brig.-gen. of vols. He was with Gen. Pope at the capture of New Madrid and Island No. 10, and at the battle of Farmington, and com. the 1st brigade, 1st division, of the Army of the Mpi. In Nov. 1862 he was with Gen. Grant's army in tem- porary com. of a division. He subsequently com. a division at the battle of Stone River, arid was promoted to maj.-gen. for gallantry at that battle, Nov. 29, 1862. He took part in the battle of Chickamauga Sept. 19-20, 1863; and com. the 14th corps under Sherman in the At- lanta campaign, Mav-Sept. 1864 ; gov. of III. 1869-71. , John William, M.D., b. Balti- more, April 4, 1825. City physician of San Francisco 1849. In 1852-3 served as surgeon in an E.I. Co.'s war-steamer through the Bur- mese campaigns. Since his return in June, 1853, he has contrib. to Harper's and Putnam's Maqs., Atlantic Monthlij, the Criterion, the N. Y. Tribune, the New World, and the Nat. Intelli(]encer. He pub. " The Golden Dngon," 1853; "The Queen's Heart," comedy in's acts, 1858; "The New and the Old," 1859; " Fulks-Songs," 1860; " The Poetry of Com- pliment and Courtship," 1867 ; translation of Michelet's "U Amour," 1859; and contrib. to Applcton's Now Cyclopsedia a number of Ori- ental articles. Palmer, Joseph, Revol. patriot, d. Rox- bnry, Ms., Dec. 25, 1788, a. 70. Member of the Prov. Congress in 1774 and '75; one of the com. of safety ajip. by that body. As col. of militia, he was often in the fieldin the vicinity of Boston for the defence of the coast ; and in 1777, with the rank of l.ii_',-u'en,, r..in. the Ms. militiain the unsnccessfnl ati. in|.t t.. .|..r..nd R.I. Palmer, Joseph, .Ml), |ll,|;, \&2(i). b. Needham, iMs., 3 Oct. 17'.)G ; .1, l',..-t.)n, 3 Mar. 1871. H.U. 1820. Sonofliev. Stephen, min. of Needham from 1792 to his d. in 1821, a. 55. For some years Joseph taught at Roxbury, and at the Latin School, Boston ; resided in Cuba in 1829-30; and was afterward engaged in editorial labors in Boston. Historiographer of the N.E. Hist, and Geneal. Soc. 1856-1861. He pub. annually the Necrology of H.U., which was pub. in the Bosl. Daily Advertiser 1851-68, and in the Christ. Reg. 1869. In 1864 a vol. of these nee. (1851-63) was reprinted at Boston. Palmer, Rev. Rat, D. D. (Un. Coll. 1852), Cong, minister and poet, b. K.I. 1808. Y.C. 18.30. Settled over the church in Bath, Me., in 183.5-50; and was pastor of the First Clinreh, Albany, from IS.'iO t.i ISI'.."), when he became see. of the Con^i _ ii ;: I I in mi. New York. In 1865 he jnil. ii ;. 1 Sn-red Pieces ;"" Memoirs ol I ;, 1' ,'1S29; "Hints on the F„rmiiii..n .-I 1; ul.,, Opin- ion,<." I .11, ■ \' iiL.irs of Mrs. C. L. Wat- son," I i liiial Text-Book," 1839; "Spii, : : i :;. .. 'lint," 1839; "Reminis- cenee, !.. 1 :. i,,a_,,-' 1865; "The Spirit's Life," a poem, 1837. Palmer, William Adams, gov. of Vt. 1831-5 ; d. Danville, Vt., Dec. 1860. M. A. of Vt. U. 1817. Six years member Vt. legisl. ; 8 years clerk of the courts; 2 years a State senator; judge of Probate and of the Co. Court; judge of the Supreme Court 1816; U.S. senator 1818-25; and member of the Const. Convs. of 1828 and 1835. Palmer, William Pitt, poet, b. Stock- bridge, Ms., 22 Feb. 1805. Long a resident of N.Y. City, and successively a medical student, a teacher, a writer lor public journals, and a clerk in a public otKce. He wrote a hymn or ode entitled " Light," and other short poems. Pancoast, Joseph, M.D., surgeon, b. , Burlington Co., N. J., 1805. U. of Pa. 1828. d' He bi'gan to teach anatoiriy and surgery in 1831 ; elected physician of the Phila. Hospital in 1834, and physician in chief to the Children's Hospital; visiting surgeon in the hosp. 1838- 45; app. in 1838 prof, of surgery, and in 1861 yiua prof, of anatomy, in Jeff. Mod. Coll. Author of" Treatise on Operative Surgery," 4to, 1852; " Essays and Lectures." Editor of " Wistar's Anatomy," and other medical works ; and contrib. to med. journals. Papineau, Locis Joseph, a Canadian political leader, b. Montreal, Oct. 1789; d. Monticello, 23 Sept. 1871. His father, a notary- public, and a member of the first legisl. Assem- bly of Lower Can. after the establishment of the constitution of 1791, educated him at the Sem. of Quebec. Adm. to the bar; entered parliament in 1809; succeeded his father in 1814 as a dep. from Montreal; and in 1815 was speaker of the house. Already a leader of the radical party, Lord Dalhousie, to neu- tralize his popularity, app. him to the exec, council ; but he never appeared at its sittings, and continued in opposition. In 1823, when the English party aimed at the union of the two Canadas, he was sent on a mission to London to remonstrate against that measure. In 1827 he was re-elected to tlie house, and re- chosen speaker. Rather than sanction this choice. Lord Dalhousie adjourned the parlia- ment. A list of the demands and grievances of L. Canada were introduced by him to the house in 1834, and known as the 92 resolutions, lie supported them energetically, urged a con- stitutional resistance to the imperial govt., and recommended commercial non-intercourse with Eng. The new governor, Gosford, having decided in 1837 upon administering tne prov- ince without the assistance of the colonial parliament, its sudden prorogation brought on the crisis; and the liberal party took up arms. This, however, Papineau did not approve ; and in a great popular meeting, Oct. 23, 1837, he insisted that constitutional and peaceful resistance would alone be of avail to Canada. His advice was not heeded, and, after the events of Nov. and Dec. 1837, he took refuge in the U.S., and in 1S39 went to France, engaging for some years in literary pursuits. After the union of the Canadas in 1840, a general amnesty for political offences was granted ; and Papineau, against whom a warrant for high treason had l)ecn issued, returned in 1847 to his native country. His popularity secured his return to the Canadian parliament; but he had since 1854 taken no prominent part in political affairs. Paredes, Mariano, Mexican gen , d. city of Mexico, Sept. U, 1849. He was a partici- pant in all the importan tcvcnts in Mexico from the days of Iturbide; and in 1840, when the overthrow of Bustamente took' place, he took part in the movement. When, upon the annexation of Texas to the U.S., Pres. Herrera endeavored to bring tlie Mexicans to acquiesce in this result, Paredes opposed the movement, and, with 25,000 men, defeated Santa Atia, who was banished. Paredes, with the aid of Avista, deposed Herrera; and June 12, 1845, was installed pres. On the following day he took com. of the army, leaving the administra- tion in the hands of the vice-president. Bravo. He was at the head of affairs on the breaking- out of the war with the U.S. in May, 1846: but, on the return of Santa Ana in Aug. 1846, Bravo assumed the title of provis.-pres. ; and Paredes was seized and confined, but afterwards escaped to Havana. He was in Europe for some time, seeking to ]ilace at the head of the Mexicans a Spanish or French prince, but subsequently returned to Mexico. Pareja, Francisco, a Franciscan friar, b. Aunon, N. Castile; d. Mexico, July 25. 1628. He came with others of his order to Havana in 1593, and in 1594 settled at St. Augustine for the conversion of the natives of Fla. Dur- ing the remainder of his life he was a teacher of the Timuquas, in whose langu.age he pub. in 1612 and in 1627 "Catechisms," and a " Confessionario " 1613. He is said to have printed in Mexico in 1613 a grammar and vocabulary. — Dwjckinck. Parent, Etienne, b. Beauport, near Que- bec, 1801. Author of " Travail c/ies I' Homme," 1847; " Du Pretre et da Spirituallsme," &a., 1848; " De l' bitetligence sous ses Rapports avec SorJete," 1852. Parish, Elijah, D.D. (DC. 1807), clergy- man and author, b. Lebanon, Ct., Nov. 7, 1762; d. Byfield, Ms., Oct. 15, 1825, Dartra. Coll. 1783." Dec 20, I7S7, he settled as pastor of the ('■Ml.: 1 liurr'i .;i 1'..;: '1. Theologically he li : : : . il . i uis. In 1810 he prr:!. I ill. in which he so bin:-,. i:i. :J,i .la_.ii;i ; I Ii ■ policy of the govt., that the Icgiil, refused to ask it for publication. Besides a number of sermons and orations on various occasions, he pub a " Gazetteer of the Eastern and Western Continents," with Dr. Morse, 1802; "A History of N. England," 1803 ; " System of Modem Gcographv," 1810; "Memoir of Dr. Eleazer Whcclock," 1811; and " Sacred Geography, or Gazetteer of the Bible," 1813. A vol. of his sermons, with a Memoir of his life, appeared in 1S26. Pai'ke, Bkn-jamin, jurist, b N.J. 1777; d. Salem, Iiid., July 12, 1835. A Western pioneer, he settled in Ind. ab. 1800; was a delegate to Congress from that Terr, in lso.3-8 ; was soon after app. by Mr. Jefferson a judge of the Dist. Court, and he of the Ind. lli- s,„ i ■ Parke, lit mvh-. i. oflcttcrs,b.N , U I his ancestor ^eu'^d .u L.i Geoflry Champliu, his re tied in Newport in 1638. passed < i death. Pres. ! 1. lawyer, and man ' '.t. 1,1801. Richard lilniage, Ms., in 1635. iternal ancestor, set- His early years were "farm and in school-teaching. Adm. practise law, he settled in Harris- burg, Pa., where he continued to piactise, also editing a political journal, and contributing to magazines, journals, and reviews, until 1860, when he retired to the paternal farm of Park- vale, Susq. Co., Pa. Ho has pub. a Digest, of the Statutes of Pa. in 1838. also some 20 pub- lic addresses, political, agricultural, and ma- sonic. Park, Edwards Amasa, D.D. (H.U. 1844), b. Providence, R.I., Dec. 29, 1803. Son of Dr. Calvin (tutor and prof, in B. U. 1804-25 ; pastor at Stoughton, Ms., 1826-40; b. North- bridge, Ms., 11 Sept. 1774; d. Stoughton, 5 Jan. 1847; B.U. 1797). B.U. 1826; And. Theol. Sem. 1831. Ord. Dec. 21, 1831, p:tstor of the Cong, church, Braintree, Ms. ; prof, of moral and intell. philos. in Amh. Coll. May, 1835-Sept. 1836 ; Bartlett prof, of sacred rhet- 687 oric in And. Sem. 1836^7; and since 1847 Abbot prof, of Christian theology theve. He has contrib. largely to periodical literature, and has been one of the editors of the Biblioiheca Sacra from the beginning. He translated with Prof. B. B. Edwards a vol. of " German Selections," 1839 ; edited the " Writings of Rev. N. B. Homer," 1842 ; " The Preacher and Pastor," 1845; the "Writings of B. B. Ed- wards, with a Memoir," 2 vols. 1853 ; and, with Drs. Phelps and Lowell Mason, the "Sabbath Hymn-Book." In 1859 he assisted in editing a vol. of discourses and treatises on the Atone- ment. In 1861, with Dr. Phelps and Rev. D. L. Furber, he pub. a volume on hymnology, en- titled " Hymns and Choirs." He'has also pub. Memoirs of Dr. Sam. Hopkins, 1852, and Dr. Nathl. Emmons, 1861, and various discourses. He is one of the foremost preachers of N.' E. Park, JOHX, journalist and educator, b. Windham, K.H., Jan. 7,1775; d. Worcester, Ms., March 2, 1852. Dartm. Coll. 1791. He spent some time in teaching ; then studied med- icine ; was surgeon of the U. S. ship " War- ren" in 1797-1801, when he relinquished prac- tice; arid in 1803 established the JV. .£. Rep- erlon/, a semi-weekly journal, supporting the Federal party. In 1811 he withdrew from jour- nalism, and' established in Boston a female school of the highest grade, which he conducted successfully for 20 years In 1814 he published " The Boston Spectator." His son, Jolm C. Park, is a lawyer of Boston. Parke, Johx, poet, b. Del. ab. 1750; was in the Coll. of Phila. 1768. At the commence- ment of the war entered the American army as assist, qnarterm.-gen., and was attached, as is supposed, to Washington's division ; for some of his pieces are dated at camp near Boston, and others at ^Vhitemarsh and Valley Forge. After the peace ho was some time in Phila., and is last heard of in Arundel Co., Va. In 1786 appeared in Phila. " The Lyric Works of Horace, translated into English Verse, to which are added a number of Original Poems by a Native of America." — Oiiiicl.:inrk. Parke, John G., brcv. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Pa. 18a7. West Point, 1849. Entering the topog. engrs., he became 1st lieut. 1 July, 1856 ; astronomer and sun-eyor of the N. W. bounda- ry commiss.Feb. 14, 1857; capt. Sept. 9, 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. Nov. 23, 1861; maj.-gen. July 18,1862; maj. engineer corps 17 June, 1864. He com. a brigade in Gen. Bumside's exped. to N.C. ; fought at Roanoke Island, Newbern, and at the capture of Fort Macon; accomp. Gen. Burnside when he joined the Army of the Potomac ; served in his corps through the cam- paign nnder Gen. Pope, and that under Mc- Clellan in Md. and Va. ; and, when Burnside assumed chief com., became his chief of staff. Engaged at South Mountain, Antietam, and Fredericksburg; at the siege and capture of Vicksburg ; com. left wing of Sherman's army at Jackson, for which brev. col. 12 July, 1863 ; engaged in defence of Knoxville, and in opera- tions against Gen. Longstreet ; in Eichmond campaign com. 9th corps, taking part in the siege of Petersburg, and various actions until Lee's surrender; brev. lieut.-col. for capture of Ft. Macon 26 Apr. 1862; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for defence of KnoxWlIc ; brev. maj.- gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for repulse of Ft. Steadman. With A. H. Campbell pub. vol. 7 of Reports of Explorations and Surveys for the Pacilic R.R. 4to, 1857. — C»//Mm. Parke, Rev. Joseph, b. Newton, Ms , Mar. 12,1705; d. Westerly, R.I., Mar. 1,1777. H.U. 1724. Greatrgrandson of Richard of Camb. 1635. Ord. 1732. Sent in 1733 as a mission- ary to Westerly, R.I., where he labored 9 years, both among the English and Indians, with good success; and in 1752-6 had charge of a church at Southold, R.I. Rev. Mr. Parke or- ganized a Sunday school in connection with his church at Westerly' in 1752, — nearly 30 years before the experiment of Robert Raikes in Eng. Having cared for a woman sick of small- pox who had been driven away by the town-au- thorities, he was fined for contempt ; whereupon he preached a sermon in vindication of his course, which, with a narrative of the transaction, was pub. His son Capt. Benj. joined the patriot army, and was never heard of after the battle of Bun- ker's Hill. — MS. ofBmj. Parlce of Parh-nh. Park, RoswELL, D'.D. (Norwich U., Vt., I860), teacher and author, b. Lebanon, Ct., Oct. 1, 1807; d. Chicago, 111., July 16, 1869. West Point, 1831. Resigned Sept! 30, 1836. Prof. nat. phil. and chemistry in U. of Pa. 1 836-42 ; ord. Pr. Ep. clergyman 1 843 ; principal of Christ-Church Hall (high school), Ct., 1846- 52 ; pres. of Racine Coll., Wis., 1852-0 ; chan- cellor of the coll. in 1859-63. In 1S63 he founded at Chicago a literary and scientific school, " Immanuel Hall," of which he was rector and proprietor until his death. Author of " Selections of Juvenile and Misc. Poems," Phila. 1836; "Pantology, or Systematic Sur- vey of Human Knowledge;" "Sketch of the History of West Point," 1840 ; " Handbook lor American Travellers in Europe," 1853 ; " Jeru- salem and other Poems," 1857 ; and some occa- sional nddresses, lectures, &c. Parker, Amasa J., LL.D. (Gen. Coll. 1846),jurist,b. Sharon, Ct.,Jiini' 2. 1,^m7. Un. Coll. 1825. Son of Rev. 1),,i;h ; Mnn-h r of Ellsworth.whoin 1816 r. 11, - fami- ly to Greenville.N.Y., t.. r,,!,> . I , _ . acad- emy. Amnsa became ]jmni| a! .1 :l" Uuil-im Acad, in 1823; was adm. tu the bar in 1828, and to partnership with his uncle, Col. Amasa, at Delhi, N.Y.; member of the legisl. iu 1833; elected a regent of the State U. in 1S35 ; M.G. in 1837-9; app. a circuit judge, and vice-chan- cellor of the Court of Equity, Mar. 6. 1844; at the first election under the new State Const, was chosen a judge of this Supreme Court; U.S. dist.-atty. for N.Y. 1859. Author of 6 vols, of " Reports of Crimin.Tl Cases," 8vo, 1855-69; with Wolford and Wade, " The Re- viseil Statutes of N.Y.," &c.,3 vols. 8vo, 1859. Parker, Daniel, brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Shirlcv, Ms., Jan. 29, 1782; "d. Washington, D.C.Apr. 5, 1846. Dartm. Coll. 1801. Bro. of Leonard M. Judge-advocate 1814 ; he read law, and began practice at Charlestown, Ms. ; previous to 1812 was chief clerk in the war dept. at Washington. Was app. adj. and insp.-gen. Nov. 22, 1814; paym.-gcn. June 1, 1821 ; again app. chief clerk war dept. Nov. 1841. He pub. Army Register 1816. FAJR Parker, Edgar, artist, b. Framinglinm, Ms., June 7, 1840. Norwich Milit. U. 1859. M.D. of II.U. 1863. Family came from Eng. in 1640, and were among the original settlers of Salem. Entered the army as assist, surgeon 13th Ms. Inf. Was taken prisoner twice, and severely wounded at the battle of Gettysburg. Relinquished the practice of medicine in 1867, and adopted portrait-painting as a profession, in wliirh he is successfully engaged in Boston. Visited Europe in 1868, and also in 1870, for purposrs of study. Parker, Edw.\rd Griffin, b. Boston, Nov. 16, 1825; d. N.Y. City, Mar. 30, 1868. Y.C. 1847. Lawyer of Boston; and in Ms. senate 18.")9. Vol', aide on Gen. Butler's stafT in May, 1861 ; and in 1862 assist, adj.-gen. on the staff of Gen. Martindale. After the war, he had charge of the Amer. Literary Bureau of Reference. Author of " Golden Age of Amer. Oratory," 1857; "Reminiscences of Hnfii-i Iinistcr." From that island he sailed to Europe, spent some time in Switzerland, and went to Rome, where he passed the winter of 1859. Setting out thence in April, 1860, he with difljculty reached Florence, where he died. He vigorously opposed the Mexican war, and was one of the earliest advocates of temperance and antislavery, writing and speaking much, for the latter cause especially. After the pas- sage of the fuiiitive-skive law in 1850, he be- came widely known as its uncompromising opponent. His sympathy was so marked at the rendition of Anthony Bums, in Jan. 1854, as to cause his indictment in the U.S. Court. The indictment was quashed ; but Mr. Parker had prepared an elaborate defence, which was printed. He bequeathed his valuable library of 13,000 volumes to the Public Library of Bos- ton. He pub. in 1S52 "Sermons on Theism, Atheism, and Popular Theology;" "Mis- cellaneous Writings," 12mo, 1843; "Occa- sional Sermons and Speeches," 2 vols. 12rao, 1852; "Additional Speeches and Addresses," 2 vols. 12mo, 1855; "Trial of Theodore Par- ker for the Misdemeanor of a Speech in Faneuil Hall against Kidnapping," 1855. In addition to these he wrote for the Dial, Boston Quarterly Review, Christian Register, Christian Examiner ; edited the Ms. Quarterly irom 1847 to 1850, and was also actively engaged as a lecturer. His " Life and Correspondence," by Jolm Weiss, was pub.N.Y., 2 vols. 8vo, 1864. A complete edition of his works, edited by Frances Power Cobbe, was pub. Lond. 12 vols. 1863-5. He was plain, outspoken, and uncompromising in the utterance of his convictions, but in the intercourse of private life exhibited an almost feminine gentleness and aflectionatencss. He vrv.a remarkable for the extraordinary extent and precision of his knowledge. Parker, Thomas, first minister of New- bury, Ms., from 1635 to his d. Apr. 24, 1677, b. June 8, 1595. He studied some time at Oxford, and in Ireland under Dr. Usher, recci\'ing his degree of M.A. while at Leyden in 1617. He taught and preac-hed in Newbury, Eng. ; came to N.B. in May, 1634; was co-pastor with Mr. Ward of Ipswich about a year; and then began the settlement of Newbury, Ms. A bitter con- troversy on church govt., lasting for years, un- happily divided his church. He was eminent for learning and piety. He pub. a Letter to a member of the Westminster Assembly on Church Gort., 1644 ; and " The Prophecies of Daniel Expounded," 4to, 1646 ; " Methodus Gratice DivincE," 1657 ; ani" Theses de Tra- duetione Peccatoris ad Vitam," with some works of Dr. Ames. Parker, Gen. Thomas, b. Frederick Co., Va. ; d. there 24 Jan. 1820. A capt. in the Revol. army ; app. lieut.-eol. com. 8th Inf. 8 Jan. 1799 : cnl. 12th Inf. 12 Mar. 1812 ; brig- gen. U.S.A. 1813-14. / Parkinson, Richard, of Doncaster, V.ws., and subsequently of Orange Hill, near B;ilti- raore. Some time in the employ of Washington as agriculturist at Mount Vernon. Pub. "The Experienced Farmer," 2 vols. Lond. 1798; " A Tour in America 1798-1800," 2 vols. 8vo, 1805 ; " Management of a Farm in Ireland," 8vo, 1806; "Breeding and Management of Live Stock," 2 vols. 8vo, 1809; " Survey of Rutlandshire," 1809; " View of the Agricult. of Huntingdonshire," 1811, 8vo. — Allilmie. Parkinson, William, Baptist divine, b. Frederick Co., Md., 1774; d. 1848. Author of "Public Ministry of the Word," 1818; Sermons on Deut. xxxii., 2 vols. 8vo, 1831. — Spraque's Annals. Parkman, Ebenezer, first minister of Westborough, Ms., from Oct. 28, 1724, to his d. Dec. 9, 1782; b. Boston, Sept. 5, 1703. H.U. 1721. A short account of VVestborough by him is in " Ms. Hist. Colls." He pub. " Re- formers and Intercessors," 1752 ; " Conv Parkman, Francis, D.D. (H.U. 1834), a Unitarian minister, b. Boston, June 4, 1788 ; d. there Nov. 12, 1852. H.U. 1807. He studied theology under Dr. William E. Chan- ning and at the U. of Edinburgh. Ord. Dec. 8, 1813; from 1813 to 1849 he was pastor of the New North Church in Boston. He pub. "The Otfering of Sympathy," 1829, and some occasional sermons and addresses. The Parkman professorship of pulpit eloquence and pastoral care in the Camb. Theol. School was founded by his munificence ; and he took an active part in nearly all the most important charitable institutions of his native city. Parkman, Francis, author, b. Boston, Sept. 16, 1823. H.U. 1844. Son of Rev. Francis. He visited Europe in 1844; and in 1846 made a journey across the prairies, and explored the Rocky Mountains. An account of this expedition was given in a series of ar- licles in the ATnicA-eifcoctcr J/a(?., collected and pub. under the title of " The Calilornia and Oregon Trail," N.Y. 1849. He has also pub. a " History of the Conspiracy of Pontiac," Boston, 1851 ; " Vassal Morton," a novel ; " France and England in N. Amer.," 2 vols. 18G3-7 ; " Discovery of the Great West," 1869. Mr. Parkm.nn labors under the serious disadvan- tage of an afl^ection of the eyes," which often renders him wholly unable to read or write. Parris, Albion Keith, gov. of Me. in 1821-6; b. Auburn, Me., Jan. 19, 1788; d. Portland, Me., Feb. 11, 1857. Danm. Coll. 1806. Son of Samuel, a Revol. officer ; sev- eral years judge of the C.C.P., and member of the legisl. of Me. ; d. Washington, D.C., Sept. 10, 1847, a. 92. The son was engaged in farm- ing until the age of 14 ; was adm. to the bar in Sept. 1809, and located himself at Paris, Me; in 1811 he was county atty. ; and M.C. 1 8 1 5-1 9, after servingone year as representative, and one as senator in the Massachusetts legis- Portland ; in 1819 he was a member of the convention, and of the committee for forming a State const. ; was in 1820 ajip. judge of probate for Cumberland Co. ; was U.S. senator ^]k7?C^ ^/^.IW.^.^ ; ^ ^ &/^'^ /2^^v.*^ /i'i^^^^^ -^^y^ P^E, 1826-8; in 1828-36 a judge of the Supreme Court of Me.; and in 1836-50 was a comp- troller of the U.S. treasury. He retired to Portland in 1850, and was mayor of the city in 1852. Parris, Samoel, first minister of Danvers, Ms., from Nov. 19, 1689, to June, 1696, b. Lon- don, 1653 ; d. Sudbury, Ms., 27 Feb. 1720. He studied at H.U., but d"id not grad. At fir.^t a merchant in Boston, afterward a minister. The Salem witchcraft commenced in his family in 1692. His dau., and his niece Abigail Williams, aged 11, accused Tituba (a South-Amer. slave), living as a servant in the family, of bewitching them. Mr. Parris beat her, and compelled her to confess herself a witch. John, Tituba's husband, for his own safety turned accuser of others. 1 9 were hung, and Gyles Cory pressed to death. The delusion lasted 16 months. As Mr. Parris had been a zealous prosecutor, his church in Apr. 1693 brought charges against him. He acknowledged his error, and was dismissed. After preaching two or three years at Stow, he removed to Concord, and preached 6 months in Dunstable in 1711. — &e Life of Parris bi/ S. P. Fowler {read to Essex //is/.), 8vo, 1857. Parrish, Edward, b. Phila. 1822. Prin- cipal of the School of Practical Pharmacy, Phila., and since 1864 prof, of materia meilica there. Son of Joseph, M.D. Has contrib. to the Journal of Pluirmacy, and pub. " Introil. to Practical Pharmacy," 8vo, 1856 ; " The Phan- tom Bouquet," 1863 ; " Essay on Education in the Soc. of Friends," 1866. Parrish, Joseph, M.D., physician, b. Phila. Sept. 2, 1779; d. Mar. 18, 1840. M.D. U. of Pa. 1816. He was brought up a Quaker. Studied languages, and afterward medicine ; was a resident physician in the Phila. Yellow- fever Hospital ; in 1806-12 was one of the phy- sicians of the Phila. Dispensary; in 1806-22 surgeon to the Phila. Almshouse; in 1816-29 surgeon to the Pa. Hospital; and, from 1835 to his death, consulting physician to the Phila. Dispensary. He was an active member of va- rious philanthropic or benevolent institutions ; was a contrib. to the periodical journals of his profession, and repub. " Lawrence on Hernia," with an Appendix. His son Isaac (1811-52), also eminent as a physician, pub. " Memoir of J. C. Otto, M.D.," and many papers in medical Parrott, Enoch G., commodore tJ.S.N., b.Portsmouth,N.H.,Dec.I0,1814. Midshipm. Dec. 10, 1831 ; lieut. Sept. 8, 1841 ; com. Apr. 1861 ; capt. July 25, 1866 ; commo. 1870. Engaged under Com. Perry in the operations against Beraly, W. coast of Africa, Dec. 1843 ; in the frigate " Congress;" and with Fremont at the capture of Guaymas and Mazatlan during the Mexican war; with the exped. which destroyed the Norfolk navy-yard, Apr. 1861 ; in brig "'Perry " at the capture of the privateer " Savannah ; " com. steamer " Augusta " in cap- ture of Port Royal ; engaged the Confed. rams on their sortie from Charleston, Jan. 13, 1863; com. iron-clad " Canonicus " in engagement with Howlctt's battery and the iron-clads on James River, June 21,1864, and in subsequent engagement there ; com. " Monadnock in attacks on Fort Fisher, Dec. 1864, and Jan. 1865 ; and present at surrender of Charleston. Parry, Sir William Edwaud, arctic navigator, b. Bath, Eng., Dec. 10, 1790; d. Ems, July 7, 1855. He entered the British navy in 1803 ; from 1813 to 1817 was attached to the N.A. station; with the boats of the "La Hogue" (74), in the spring of 1814 he ascended the Ct. River about 20 miles, and destroyed 27 privateers and other vessels ; and in 1818 joined Sir John Ross's exped. as a lieut. He commanded in 1S19 a second exped., in which he crossed the meridian at 110° W., lat. 74° 44' 20", and became entitled to the reward of £5,000 offered by parliament for reaching thus far west within the arctic circle. Upon his retuiTi in 1820 he was promoted to commander; and was knighted in 1829. He made another exped. in 1821-3 ; and in a third, in 1826, attained by boats and sledges the lat. of 82° 45', — the nearest point to the north pole that had been reached. In 1852 he became rear- adm. of the White, and in 1853 lieut.-gov. of Greenwich Hospital. He pub. narratives of his voyages. Parsons, Jonathan, minister of Newbnry- port, Ms., from 1746 to his d. July 19, 1776 ; b. W. Springfield, Ms., Nov. 30, 1705. Y.C. 1 729. Grandson of Benjamin, who settled in Spring- field ab. 1635. drd. at Lyme in March, 1731, and continued there until 1745. He possessed great oratorical powers, was a powerful rcasoner, an eminent scholar, and was skilled in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. Besides occasional ser- mons, he pub. in 2 vols. 8vo, 17S0, "Sixty Sermons on Various Subjects;" "Letters in the Christian Hist.," 1741; "On Baptism," 1770; "Lectures on Justification," 1748. — Simiijue. Parsons, Gen. Monboe M., b. Va. 1819; killed near Camargo, Mexico, Aug. 17, 1865, in a fight between the liberals and imperialists. Removing early in life to Cole Co., Mo., he practised law; held oHice as a Dem. politician; was atty.-gen. of Mo. in 1853-7, and member of the State senate subsequently; in the Mcx. war he was a capt. in Doniphan's mounted regt., and was disting. in the battle of Sacrar mento. Acting in concert with Gov. C. F. Jack- son at the outset of the Rebellion, he was app. brig.-gcn. C.S.A., and was active in organizing the State militia ; he was present at the skinnish at Booneville; afterward raised a brigade of mounted men, with whom he scncd at Carthage, Springfield, Pea Ridge, and else- where ; and, being promoted to the com. of a division, served under Price to the end of the war, excepting in the last invasion of Mo. in 1 864. After the surrender of Ifirby Smith, he went with some followers to Mexico, and joined the forces of Juarez. Parsons, Samuel Holden, maj.-gcn. R'^vol. army, b. Lyme, Ct., May 14, 1737 ; drowned in the rapids of the Big Beaver River, O., Nov. 17, 1789. H.U. 1756. Son of Rev. Jonathan. He studied law at Lyme, in the office of his uncle. Gov. Matthew Griswold ; was adm. to the bar in 1759 ; settled at Lyme ; was elected representative to the Assembly in 1762, and successively for 18 sessions ; in 1774 he receivLd the app. of king's atty., and re- FA.It moved to New London ; he was one of the com. of corrcsp. ; in 1775 he was app. col. of the 6th Ct. Rcgt. ; was at the siege of Boston and tlie battle of Long Island ; made brig.-gen. by Congress, Aug. 9, 1776, and maj.-gen. Oct. 23, 1780; in 1779 he succeeded Gen. Putnam in the com. of the Ct. line ; and, at the close of the war, resumed practice in Middlctown. In 1785 he was app. by Congress a commiss. to treat with the Indians at Miami ; was an active member of the conv. of Ct. in Jan. 1788 which ratified the U.S. Constitution; was app. by Washington first judge of the N. W. Terr. ; and was in 1789 app. by Ct. a commiss. to treat with the Wyandottcs and other Indian tribes on Lake Eric for extinguishing the aboriginal title to the Ct. Western Reserve. Gen. Parsons went early in 1787, with others, to the North-west, and settled on or near the Ohio River. He pnb. a paper on the Anti- quities of the Western States m " Trans. Amer. Acad.," vol. 2. Parsons, TnEOPHiLns, LL.D. (H.XJ. 1804), an eminent jurist, b. Byfield, Ms., 24 Feb. 1750; d. Boston, 30 Oct. 1813. H.U. 1769. Son of Rev. Moses. In 1774 he was adm. to the Portland bar, and kept the gram- mar-school there. Upon the destruction of tlie town in Oct. 1775, he returned to Byfield, H here ho enjoyed the intercourse of the eminent jurist Trowbridge; In 1777 he began practice in Newburyport; and was a delegate to the State convention at Ipswich to consider the subject of a State constitution. His draught, slightly modified, and kno-nTi as the "Essex liesult," contains the principles incorporated in the best constitutions of govt, in our republic. In 1 780 he was one of the franiers of the State constitution, and one of the ablest in that body. Removing to Boston in 1800, he was engaged in most cases of magnitude until made chief justice of Ms. in 1806 ; in 1 788 he was the powerful and zealous advocate certain amendments. In legal knov was among the first of his time; and the accura- cy of his reasoning, and his profound knowledge of the law, statutes, and constitutions of the countrjr, are shown in the 6 vols, of Reports embracing_ his decisions ; he was versed also in classical literature and mathematical science ; possessed a wonderful m^ mory, and was a lorcible and powerful speaker ; he was no less remarkable for his wit than for his legal attain- ments. His pub. opinions \yere so highly este'-med, that a collection of ithom was ])ub. in N.Y. in 1836, entitled "Commentaries on Amer. Law." — See Memoir hy his Son, 12mo, 1859. -J Parsons, Theophilus, LL.D. (H.U. 1849), son of the preceding, b. Ncwhurvport, Ms., May 17, 1797. H.U. 1815. He studied hiw with Judge Wui Prescott, and practised in Taunton, and afterward in Boston. For some years he contrib. to the N. A. Review; wrote "occasionally for the American Review of Phila., and for the Free Press and N.E. Galaru, newspapers ; and founded and edited the U.S. Literary Gazette. He has written two vols, of essays and other smaller works in exposition of the doctrines of the New-Jerusalem Church, also contributing to its periodical publications. Since 1847 he has been Dane prof of law in the Law School of H.U. at Cambridge. He has pub. "Law of Contracts," 2 vols. 1853, 5th ed. 3 vols. 1864 ; " Elements of Mercan- tile Law," 1856 ; " Laws of Business for Busi- ness Men," 1857; "Maritime Law," 2 vols. 1859; "Memoir of Chief Justice Parsons," 1 859 ; " Notes and Bills of Exchange," 2 vols. 8vo, 1862; "Law of Partnership," 1867; "Deus Homo," 1867; "Marine Insurance and Gen. Average," 2 vols. 8vo, 1868; " Ship- ping and Admiralty," 2 vols. 8vo, 1869. Parsons, Thomas William, M.D., den- tist and poet, b. Boston, Aug. 18, 1819. H.U. 1853. Son of Dr. T. W. He was educated at the Boston Latin School; and in 1836-7 visited Italy, where he studied Italian litera- ture, and translated the first 10 cantos of Dante's " Inferno," pub. in Boston 1843. In 1854 a vol. of his poems appeared containing " Ghitto di Roma," and other pictures of life in Italy, together with pieces on American subjects. His translation of the " Inferno " was pub. Boston, 1867, 4to. His friends in 1867 j.riMted privately a vol. of his poems entitled "The Magnolia." He has contrib. to the Ualari/, Atlantic Monthly, &c. Parsons, Usher, M.D., phvsieian. b. Al- fred, Me., Aug. 18, 1788; d. Providence, R.I., Dec. 19, 1868. He studied under Dr. John Warren. Entering the navy as surgeon's mate in 1812, he was acting surgeon of " The Lawrence," Perry's flagship, at the battle of Lake Erie, Sept. 10, 1813. He served in 1814 on the Upper Lakes, and was at the attack on Mackinac, but resigned after 10 years' service in the navy, and practised medicine and sur- gerv in Providence, R.I. He received degrees trotn H.U. 1818, Dartm. 1821, and from Brown in 1825. He was a prof, in Brown and other colleges; pres. of the R.I.Med. Soe. ; first V. P. of the National Med. Assoc. Author of several medical works, and of a " Life of Sir Wm.Pepperrell," 1856. He also pub. a speech at Put-in Bay, Sept. 10, 1858, on the 45th an- niv. of the battle of Lake Erie, and a number of biog. sketches and speeches in pamphlet lurm, and papers in periodicals. Parton, James, author, b. Canterburv, Eng., Feb. 9, 1822. At the age of 5 he w.\s brought to New York, and at 19 taught in an aead. at White Plains, where he had been edu- cated. He afterward taught in Phila. and New York ; and was 3 years on the literary statf of the Home .lonmtil. His "Lite of Horace Greeley "appeared in 1855, ot " .\ar<]n Burr" in 1857, and of "Andrew Jaek^un," 3 vols. 8vo, in 1859-60; all of which met wi'li great success. In 1856 be pub. a collection of " Humorous Poetry of the English Language from Chaucer to Saxe." He pub. in 1 864 a Biography of Franklin, 2 vols. ; " Gen. But- ler in New Orieans," 1863 ; ■•|,ir...t .1 .1, As- tor," 8vo, 1865 ; "Manunl fnii;,, iM-nihimu of Rings, Railroad and V. A:\w.a:' \-<\i:: "How New York City is (I.imi in.i," Ism; ; "Famous Americans," 1867 ; " People's Book of Biographv," 8vo, 1868; "Smoking and Drinking." 1868 ;" Topics of the Time ;"" The Danish Islands," 1S69. Contrib. toN.A. Re 1 ' ^ ^ /■ '^ i6 ///i FAJR v^ew, Atlantic Monthly/, &c. He is a brilliant writer and a successful lecturer. He m. Sara Payson Willis ("Funny Fern") in 1856. Parton, Sara Payson (" Fanny Fern "), > ,„ ,j,,b. PorUand, Me., July 7, 1811. Sister of N. "y-P. VVillis. Her father Nathaniel removed with his family to Boston when she was 6 years old. She was educated in a school at Hartford taufjht by Catharine and Harriet Beechcr; and in 1834 m. Charles Eklrid-e of Boston, upon whose death in 1846 she was thrown upon her own resources to provide for herself and two children. She was subsequent- ly m. to Mr. Farrington, a merchant of Bos- ton; but their union was of brief duration. Not succeeding in obtaining employment in teaching or in other vocations, she in 1851 as- sumed the pen for a livelihood. Her first essay proved successful, and was followed by others, which were widely copied, until the pseudonymc of "Fanny Fern" was familiar in all parts of the U.S. These pieces were pub. in 185.3 under the title of "Fern-Leaves," of which 70,000 copies were sold ; and were followed by her " Little Ferns," 1 853 ; " Fern- Leaves," 2d series, 1854; "Ruth Hall," " Kose Clark," " Fresh Leaves," 1857 ; " Fol- ly as it Flies," 12mo, 1868; and the "Play- day Book," — some of which have been re- pub, in Eng. and elsewhere. The " Life and Beauties of Fanny Fern " was pub. Lend. 1855. Her chief employment since 1854 has been in writing for the N. Y. Ledger. Soon after commencing her literary career, she went to New York; and was m. to James Parton, the author, in Jan. 1856. Partridge, Alden, milit. instructor, b. Norwich, Vt., 1785; d. there 16 Jan. 1854. West Point, 1806; D.trtm. Coll. 1812. As- sist, prof, of math. W. P. Nov. 1806 ; prof. of math. Apr.-SepD. 1813; of eng. Sept. 1813; capt. engr. corps 23 July, 1810; and supl. W. P. Acad. Sept. 1812-Apr. 1818. Principal of exploring survey under the 5tli article. Treaty of Ghent. Established in 1820, in Norwich," Vt., a milit. acad., incorp. in 1834 as the Norw. U., of which he was pres. ; and founded milit. schools in Portsmouth, Va. (1840), Reading, Pa. (1850), and in Pem- broke, N.H. He lectured on milit. affairs in the large cities ; was a member of the Vt. legisl. in 1833, '34, and '39 ; and was surv.-gen. of Vt. in 1832. Author of " An Excursion," 1822; Letters on Education, ami on National Defence ; Journal of a Tour of Cadets, &c., 8vo, 1827. Partridge, George, Revol. patriot, b. Duxburv, Ms., Feb. 8, 1740; d. there July 7, 1828. H. U. 1762. He studied divinity, but never preached ; and was some years a teacher at Kingston, Ms. He was a delegate to the Prov. Congress 1774-5, iu which he was very active; was a State representative 1775-9 ; a delegate to the Cont. Congress 1779-82 and 1783-5 ; M.C. 1789-91 ; and sheriflf of Plym- outh Co. 1780 and several years following. He bequeathed a large part of his estate for re- ligious and educational uses. Partridge, Oliver, member of the first Colonial Congress in 1765, b. Hatfield, Ms., 13 June, 1712 ; d. there July 21,1 792. Y. C. 1730. His ancestor Wm., an early settler on the Ct. River, came from Berwick-ou-Tweed, and died in Hadley. PascaliS.FELixA. OuviiRE, M.D., phy- sician, b. F'rance ab. 1 750 ; d. New York, July 27, 1833. After completing his medical educa- tion, he established himself iu practice iu St. Domingo. After the insurrection of the blacks there, in 1793, he resided in Phila., and subse- quently, for near 30 years, in New York. His observations on the yellow-fever at Cadiz in 1805 produced in him a conviction that the dis- ease was not contagious : tliis result was made known to the public in the Medicul lie/iosilwi/, a journal which he edited jointly with Drs. Mitchell and Ackerby, and to which he was a frequent contrib. In 1798 he pub. an Account of the Coutagious and Epidemic Yellow-Fever in Phila. in 1797 ; in 1812 an essay on syphi- litic diseases; and iu 1829 "Instructions for Silk-worm Nurseries, and Culture of the Mul- berry-Tree." Paschall, Nathaniel, editor, b. Knox- ville, Tenn., April 4, 1802; d. St. Louis, Dec. 12, 1866. He went to St. Louis an orphan in 1814, and ajjprenticed himself to Joseph Char- less of the J/o. Gazette; in 1827 he started with Edward Charless, the son of liis patron, the Missouri Republican, of which, with the ex- ception of 1843, when clerk of St. Louis Coun- ty, he was editor and half-owner till he died. He was master of a terse and vigorous style. His paper, while conspicuous for its ability, advocated slavery, and opposed the Kepublicin party. Passaeonaway (Papisseconewa), the Merrimack sachem, and the great sagamore of Paraunkog, or Pennacook ; d. 1663-9 at a very great age. He held control over the tribes of Southern N.H. and a portion of Ms., and was at the head of a powerful confederacy when the whites first settled the country. M.ay 17, 1629, he conveyed to John Wheelwright and his asso- ciates at Squamscut (now Exeter) the tract of land extending from the Piscataqua to the Merrimack westward, and from the line of Ms. 30 miles north. In 1648 he invited the Indian apostle Eliot to take up his abode near his tribe, so that they might be taught Christianity, at the same time avowing his belief in God. He was sagacious and cunning, and had a great reputa- tion as a powwow, or sorcerer. At a great dance and feast in 1660 he made his farewell speech to his people, and exhorted them to live in peace with the English, as he had tried his arts as a powwow against them in vain. — C. E. Potter in Farmer's AJonthl,/ Visitor, Feb. 1852. Passmore, Rev. Joseph C, D.D., b. Lancaster, Pa., 1818; d. Racine, Wis., 12 Aug. 1866. Ord. deacon P. E. Ch. 1848; priest 1849. In 1844-62 prof, of mental philos. and polit. econ. in St. James's Coll., JId. : after- ward at Racine until his death, .\uthiir of " Footprints, or Fugitive Poems," Phila. 1S43. Editor of Bp. Butler's " Etliie.al Discourses," Phila. 1855. Patrick, Gen. Marsena R., b. Jefferson Co., N.Y., Mar. 15 1811. West Point, 1835. Joining the 2d Inf., he became 1st lieut. in 1839; capt. 22 Aug. 1847; brev. maj. in 1849 "for meritorious conduct in Mexico;" 694 FATV resigning 30 June, 1850, he retired to his farm; and in 1859-61 was pres. of the State Agric. Coll. When civil war broke out, be was made insp.-gen. of the N. Y. militia ; brig.-gen. vols. March 17, 1862; in Dec. he com. a brigade in Doubleday's division, 1st army corps, with which he took part in the bat- tle of Antietam; prov.-mar.-gen. Army of the Potomac 6 Oct. 1862, to 17 Mar. 18G5; re- signed 12 June, 1865 ; pres. N. Y. Agric. Soc. since 14 Feb. 1867. Resides at Geneva, N.Y. — Cullum. Patten, Geokge W., lieut.-col. U.S.A., b. Newport, R. I., 1803. Brown U. 182.5. West Point, 1830. Son of Dr. Wm. of Newport. Lieut. 1830; capt. 18 June, 1846; brev. maj. for gallantry at Cerro Gordo, where he lost his hand, I8'Apr. 1847 ; maj. 9th Int. 30 Apr. 1861 ; lieut.-col. 2d Inf 7 June, 1862 ; retired 17 Feb. 1864. Author of " Army Manual," 1863; "Tactics and Drill for Inf., Art., and Cav.," 3 vols. 1861-3 ; "Voices of the Border ; " "Puenis," 1867. He has contrib. many poetical pieces to periodicals. Fatten, JIaj. John, Rcvol. officer, b. Kent Co., Del. ; d. Dover, June, 1801, a. 55. He fought in nearly every battle from L. I. to Cam- den ; was a member of the Old Congress in 1785-6, and M.C. 1792-3 and 1795-7. Patten, William, D.D. (B. U. 1807), minister of Newport 1786-1834 ; d. Hartford, Ct., Mar. 9, 1839, a. 76. Dartm. Coll. 1780. Son of Bev. Wm. He was a disting. theolo- gian, and a kind, benevolent man. He pub. several sermons, " Christianity the True The- ologv," against Paine, 12mo, 1795; " Remi- nisce'nces of Rev. S. Hopkins," 18mo, 1843; " Memoir of Mrs. Ruth Patten," 12mo, 1834. He m. Hannah Hurlbut of N. London, who in 1815 set up tbe first ragged school in the U.S., at Newport: she d. Brooklyn, Aug. 30, 1855, a. 86. — D. C. Alumni. Patterson, Daniel T., capt. U.S.N. , b. N.Y. 1871 ; d. Washington, D.C., Aug. 25„ .1839. Midshipm. Aug. 20, 1800; attached to the frigate " Philadelphia," Capt. Bainbridge, when she ran upon a reef off Tripoli, and was taken by a flotilla of gunboats, and remained a prisoner in Tripoli until 1805. Lieut. Jan. 24, 1807; master com. July 24, 1813; capt. Feb. 28, 1815; navy commiss. 1828-32; and com. a squad, in the Mediterranean in 1832-5. Ill 1814 he com. the U.S. naval forces at New Oi'leans, and co-operated so ably with Gen. Jackson in the defence of that city, that he re- ceived the thanks of Congress. Patterson, John, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. Kew Britain, Ct., 1744; d. Lisle, Broome Co., N.Y., July 19, 1808. Y.C. 1762. He taught school, and was a practising atty. and justice of the peace in New Britain. He moved to Lenox, Ms., in 1774. His father, Maj. John, d. of yellow-lever at the taking of Havana, Sept. 5, 1762, a. 54. He was a mem- ber of the fir.>>t Piov. Congress of Ms. in 1774, and of the second in 1775. The news of the battle of Lexington reached Berkshire at noon the next day, and, at sunrise the following morn- ing, Patterson's regt. of minute-men was on tbe way to Cambridge, where it was employed in the erection of the first redoubt thrown up on the lines ab. Boston ; after the evacuation of Boston, Col. Patterson was ordered to Cana- da, and a part of his regt. was engaged in the disastrous battle of the Cedars ; after tbe re- treat from Canada, the regt. joined Wa>liiii:;- ton just in time to take part in the battles of Trenton and Princeton; Feb. 21, 1777, Col. Patterson was app. a brig.-gen., and attached to the northern dept. A part of his brigade was at the battle of Stillwater, in which severe conflict he rendered important service ; present at the surrender of Burgoyne and at the battle of Monmouth ; he remained in service until the closeof the war. During Shays's Rebellion in 1786, Gen. Patterson headed a detaihment of the Berksliire militia ordered out for its sup- pression. After the Revol. he removed to Lisle, where he was chief justice of the Co. Court; 4 years member of the N.Y. legisl. ; member of the N.Y. Const. Conv. of 1801 ; and M.C. in 1803-5. Patterson, Robert, LL.D., b. in north of Ireland, May 30, 1743; d. Phila. July 22, 1824. He came to Phila. in 1768. Became principal of the acad. at Wilmington, Del., in 1774; was a brigade maj. in the Reiol. war; prof of matbematics, U. of Pa., in 1779-1814, and some time vice-provost. In 1805 lie Wiis made director U.S. mint;. from 1819, till bis death, he was pres. of tbe Amer. Philos. Soc., to whose " Transactions " he was a frequent con- trib. He pub. " The Newtonian System," 8vo, 1808; "Treatise on Arithmetic," 1819 ; and edited Ferguson's " Mechanics," 2 vols. 8vo, 1806; his "Astronomy," 8vo, 1809; John Webster's " Nat. Philos.," 1808 ; Ewing's " Nat. Philos., with Biog. Sketch," 8vo, 1809. A record of the families of Robert Patterson (the elder) was priv. printed, 1847. Patterson, Col. Robert, b. Pa. 1753 ; d. near Dayton, O., Aug. 5, 1827. He emig. to Ky. in 1775. In 1804 he settled near Day- ton, O. Oiiginal proprietor of Lexington, Ky., and one-third owner of Cincinnati when it was laid out. He was in Col. Clarke's III. campaign in 1 778 ; in Bowman's exjied. against old Chillicothe in 1779; capt. in Clarke's ex- ped. against the Shawnees in Aug. 1780; sec- ond in com. to Col. Boone (Aug. 19, 1782) at the battle of the Lower Blue Licks ; col. in Clarke's second exped. into the Miami country, Sept. 1 782 ; and col. in 1786 in Logan's exped. against tbe Shawnees. Patterson, Gen. Robert, b. Co. Tyrone, Ireland, Jan. 12, 1792., He came while young to the U.S., and was placed with a merchant of Phila. He received a collegiate education, and early manifested military predilections. Capt. 32d Inf. Apr. 1814. Returning to com- mercial life, he became largely engaged in manufs., andowned several mills. At the begin- ning of the Mexican war, in 1846, he was made a maj.-gen. of vols. He com. his division mI Cerro Gordo ; led the cavalry and advanced brigades in the pursuit ; and the next morning entered and took Jalapa, receiving the thanks of Gen. Scott. He com. the 3-mos. Pa. vols, in 1861 ; was assigned to a milit. dept. com- posed of the States of Pa., Del., and Md., and the Dist. of Col. ; and crossed the Potomac, June 15, at Williamsport. When Gen. Me- PAT 695 PATJ Dowell advanced into Va., Patterson was in- structed to remain at Winchester to hold in check the superior forces of Gen. J. E. John- ston. His failure to do this, in consequence of which Johnston, re-enforcing Beauregard on the field of Bull Run, July 21, gave the victory to the Confederates, exposed him to severe criti- cism ; and he was discharged from tlie service, July 27, 1861. He pub. in 1865 " A Nar- native of the Campaign in the Valley of the Shenandoah in 1861," in vindication of his conduct. Patterson, Robert M., M.D., pres. of the Amer. Philos. Society 1849-5.3, b. Phila. ; d. there Sept. 5, 1854, a. 68. U. of Pa. 1804. IVI.D. 1803. Son of Robert, director U.S. Mint, Educated as a chemist under Sir Humphry Davy ; returned home in 1812 ; was soon after elected prof, of nat. philos., chemistry, and math, in the U. of Phila. ; prof, in the U. of Va. in 1828-35; director of the U.S. Mint, Phila., 1835-53. He was elected a member of the Philos. Society in 1809 ; was a most active par- ticipant in its labors, and contrib. largely to its " Proceedings." He delivered. May 25, 1 843, while its vice-pres., " A Discourse on the Early History of the Amer. Philos. Society ; " and an address before the Franklin Institute, 8vo., 1843. — Duijckinck. Patterson, Thomas H., capt. U.S.N., b. La., May 10, 1819. Midship. Apr. 5, 18.36; liout. June2, 1849; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866. Attached to brig " Oregon," survey of Tampa Bay, 1842-4; coast survey 1844-8; com. steam-gunboat " Chocura," N.A. B. squad., 1862 ; in constant cooperation with Army of the Potomac; in steamer "James Adger," 1862-5; cut out steamer "Kate" from the batteries at New Inlet, N.C., July 31, 1863; participated in the capture of a flying battery near Fort Fisher, Aug. 23, 1863 ; cap- tured " The Cornubia " and " The R. E. Lee," both filled with arms and stores for the Confed. army ; com. steam-sloop " Brooklyn," flagship Brazil squad., 1865-7. — Hamersh/. Patterson, William, LL.D. (H.U. 1806), statesman and jurist, b. at sea, of Irish parents, in 1745 ; d. Albany, Sept. 9, 1806. N. J. Coll. 1763. He studied law, and was adm. to the bar in 1769 ; was a member of the first N.J. Const. Conv. in 1776; in 1776-86 was atty.- gen. of the State; was U.S. senator in 1789- 90, having previously been a member of the convention which formed the Federal Constitu- tion; gov.ofN.J.iul791-4; judge of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1794 to his death In 1798-9 he revised, by authority of the legisl., the laws of N. J. Patti, Adelina (Adele JuanaMakia), vocalist, b. Madrid, Spain, Apr. 9, 1843. Her father Salvator was a tenor of some repute ; and her mother. Mad. Barilli Patti, a prima donna. The family came to the U.S. in 1844. At the age of 9, Adele made a tour in the British Provinces with Sirakosch and Ole Bull, singing popular opera music. Mar. 3, 1854, she made her Mhut at Jullien's concert, N.Y. ; she soon after made a concert-tour to the W. Indies with Gottsehalk the pianist. Nov. 24, 1859, she app. as Lucia at the N.Y. Acad, of Music, and saved the season and the managers from ruin. First app. in the Ital, Opera House, Loudon, 14 May, 1861. July 29, 1868, she m. the Marquis de Caux. Patti, Carlotta, sister of Adele, b. Flor- ence, 1840 ; made her J^but in concert in N.Y. First app. there in opera at the Acad, in Aug. 1862. Apr. 16, 1863, she app. at the Italian Opera House, London. The Queen of Eng. said to her, " Never in my life has any singer so charmed and pleased me." She was equally successful in Paris and on the Continent. She returned to the U.S. in Sept. 1869, and ap- peared at Steinway Hall in concert. Her exe- cution is wonderful ; and her voice, a beautiful high soprano, has a compass of over two octaves. Pattison, Granville Sharpe, M.D., anatomist, b. Glasgow, 1791 ; d. N.Y. Nov. 12, 1851. Educated at Glasgow, he commenced his career as a lecturer at the Andersonian Inst. ; he then emig. to Amer., and was for some years prof, of anatomy in the Med. Coll. of Baltimore. Subsequently he returned to Eu- rope, and became the first prof, of anatomy in the Lond. U. ; but a few years later he again the opening of the U. of N.Y., was app. lo a similar chair in that institution, where he re- mained until his death. He pub. a translation of Masse's "Anatomical Atlas;" an edition of Cruvelhier's " Anatomy," 8vo ; papers in the lifpfi. Recorder, and some pamphlets. Pattison, Gen. James, a British officer, b. 1724 ; d. Lond. Mar. 1, 1805. Capt. of art. Aug. 1,1747; lieut.-col. 1761 ; col. com. of art. Apr. 25, 1777 ; maj.-gen. Feb. 19, 1779 ; lieut.- gen. Sept. 28, 1787 ; gen. Jan. 26, 1797 ; app. adjt.-gen. in America, July 11,1776; sent home with despatches after the battle of Monmouth. He accorap. the expcd. against Charleston in 1780, and com. at New York after the capture of that ciiy. Pattison, Robert Everett, D.D. (B.U. 1838), clergyman and teacher, b. Benson, Vt., Aug. 19, 1800. Amh. Coll. 1826. Tutor in Col. Coll., D.C. ; ord. as a Baptist minister at Salem in Sept. 1829; and in Mar. 1830 settled as pastor of the First Baptist Church in Prov- idence R.I. ; he was afterward prof., and in 1836-40 pres., of Waterviile Coll., Me. Re- suming his pastoral chai-ge at Providence, he was elected a corrcsp. sec. of the Board of Foreign Missions in 1 843 ; and in 1 846-8 he was pres. and prof, of theology of the Bajjtist Theol. Inst, at Covington, Ky. ; he was a prof in the Newton Theol. Sem., Ms., in 1848-53; was again for a few years pres. of Waterville Coll. ; was subsequently at the head of the Oread Fe- male Inst, at Worcester, Ms. ; now ( 1 87 1 ) prof, in the Chicago Coll. Besides contributions to periodicals, and addresses, he has pub. a " Com- mentary on the Epistle to the Ephesians," 1 859 ; "Eulogy on Rev. J. Chaplin, D.D.," 1841. Paul, Gabriel Rene, brig.-gcn. U.S.A., b. Mo. West Point, 1834. Entering the 7th Inf., he became 1st lieut. Oct. 26, 1836 ; capt. Apr. 19, 1846 ; disting. himself in the Florida war in 1842, and at Cerro Gordo and Confreras ; w.as brev. maj. for gallantry at Chapultepcc, Scot. 13, 1847; became maj. 8th Inf. Apr. 20 096 18G1 ; Iiout.-coI. Apr. 25, 1862; col. 14th Inf. Sept. 13, 1864 ; retired, with rank of brig.-gcn., 28 July, 1866. He exhibited great gallantry in expelling the Confederates from New Mexico in 1861-2; was made brig -gen. vols. Sept. 5, 1862 ; engaged at Fredericksburg, ChanccUors- ville, and at Gettysburg, where be was severely wounded, and deprived of the sight of both eyes ; brcv. brig.-gcn. U.S.A. for Gettysburg. Paulding, Hib.^m, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Westchester Co , N.Y., Dec. 1 1, 1797. Son of John, one of the captors of Andre. Midsbipm. Sept. 1, 1811, and was in Com. Macdonougb's victoiy on Lake Charaplain, for which service he received a sword from Congress. Lieut. Apr. 27, 1816; master com. Feb. 9, 1837; and accompanied Porter in his exped. against the W. India pirates in 1823 ; attained the rank of capt. Feb. 29, 1844; and, in com. of "The Vincenncs," cruised 3 years in the W. Indies. In 1857, while commanding the horne squadron, he broke up an exped. against Nicaragua, headed by Gen William Walker, who sur- rendered with his follower.-, who were disarmed, and sent to the US. In Dec. 1860, Nicaragua presented him with a sword, and also offered a tract of land (which latter, however, the U.S. senate did not allow bim to receive), for the important service he had rendered the republic. He pub a " Journal of a Cruise among the Islands of the Pacific," N.Y. 1831. He was made a rear-adm. on the retired list 21 Dec. 1861 ; com. N.Y. navy-yard 1862-5, and ren- dered great service in preparing ships for the different squadrons, fittmg and equipping them expeditiously and efficiently, and also in the protection of public propertv there during the draft riots of 1 863. Gov. Phila. Naval Asylum 1866. Paulding, James Kikke, author and politician, b. Dutchess Co., N. Y., 22 Aug. 1779 ; d. Hyde Park, NY., 5 Apr. 1860. His father, an active Revol. patriot, a member of the first com. of safety in Westchester Co., subsequently commiss.-gen. of N.Y. Cont. troops, retired from service a ruined man, govt, refusing to redeem his pledges, and he was imprisoned. James, removing in early lite to NY. City, became, by the marriage of his sister to Wm. Irving, acquainted with Washington Irving, with whom he began in 1807 "Salmagundi," which proved highly popular. His pamphlet, "The U.S. and England," introduced him to the political arena, and to the notice of Pres. Madison. In 1814 he was made sec. of the hoard of navy commiss. ; was subsequently for 12 years navy agent at NY. ; and was sec. of the navy in 1839-41. He was an elegant and facile essayist, and excelled in humorous satire. " Among his works are " The Divert- ing Hist of John Bull and Bro. Jonathan," 1812 ; "John Bull in America," 1824 ; "Let- ters fi-om the South," 1815 ; " The Backwoods- man," a poem, 1818; "Sketch of Old Eng- land by a N. Eng Man," 12mo, 1822; "Ko- nigsmark ; " " Three Wise Men of Gotham," 1826; "Dutchm.an's Fireside;" "Westward Ho ; " " Life of Washington," 1 835 ; " Slavery in the U.S.," 1836; "The Old Continental;" "The Painter and his Daughter;" and with his son, William I. Paulding, a vol. of Amer. Plays, 1847. Hecontrib. to the periodicals of the day. Several of his works have been translated, and pub. abroad. — See Lit. Life of, ly his Son Wm. 1 , 12mo, 1867. ' Paulding, John, one of the captors of Andre', b. 1753 ; d. Staatsburg, N.Y., Feb. 18, 1818. Three times a prisoner during the war ; he escaped the second time 4 days before Andie was taken ; the third time he was released by the peace. Paulding, Van Wart, and Williams received from Congress a silver medal, inscribed on one side " Fidelity," and on the other " Vincit Amor Patria;," also an annuity of S200. A marble monument was in 1 827 erected to his memory in the churchyard near Peekskill village by the corporation of New York. Pauw, Cornelius de, sometimes called Nicolas, a Dutch hist, writer, b. Amsterdam, 1739; d. Xanten, 1799. He was educated at Guttingen ; was for a time canon of Xanten in the ducliy of Cleves, and afterward reader to Frederick II. of Prussia. He was a man of great learning, and pub. " Recherches sur les Am&icains," 8vo, 1770, Berlin, followed by a defence of the same. Paxton, Chakles, loyalist; d. Norfolk Co., Eng., Mar. 1788, a. 84. One of the most active and efficient of the agents of the crown in suggesting and carrying out the measures which brought on the Revol. In 1769 he and his associates were posted in the Boston Ga- zette by James Otis. This card caused the as- sault by Robinson, resulting in injuries which deprived Otis of reason. Paxton was the head of the commissions of customs at Boston, and, though a man of finished politeness and cour- teous manners, was exceedingly obnoxious. He made frequent visits to Eng., and was in the confidence of the minister Charles Towns- liend, and was one of the writers of the famous letters sent home by Franklin in 1773. He went to Eng. in 1776; was proscribed, ban- ished, and his estate confiscated. — Sabine. Paxton, Elisha Franklin, brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Uockbridge Co., Va., Mar. 4, 1828 ; killed at the battle of Chancellorsville, Va., May 2, 1863. Y.C. 1847. He was educated at the Va. Milit. Acad, at Lexington. He was pres. of a bank in Lynchburg when the Rebel- lion broke out, and shortly after com. a Va. rcgt. " Stonewall " Jackson, who was strong- ly attached to him, made him his adj.-gen., and, when promoted to com. an army corps, ob- tained for him the grade of brig.gen. and the com. of the " Stonewall Brigade." He served at Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Chancellors- ville, and was killed on the same evening on which Jackson was mortally wounded. — Ob. Rec. Yale Coll. Paxton, Joseph Rupert, b. 1827. U. of Pa. Member of the Pa. bar; in U.S. milit. service 1861-5. Author of "Jewelry and the Precious Stones," 8vo, 1856 ; translation into French of " Reveries of a Bachelor ; " dramatic versions of Dickens's stories for the Phila. theatres; translatorof French plays ; and con- trib. to periodicals. Edited the Bizarre, 1854- 5, and pub. in 1856 Nott's translation of the Epithalamium of Johannes Secundus. Payne, Col. Duval, b. Fairfax Co., Va., 1764; d. Mason Co., Ky., 21 June, 1830. A 697 FEA. soldier of the Revel., after which ho m. a dau. of Maj. Hugh Brent of Pr. Wm. Co., and in 1789 settled on a farm near Lexington, Ky. He served under Gen. C. Scott in the Indian campaign of 1791, and com. a batt. of cav., and was disting. at the battle of the Thames, 5 Oct. 1813. B, John Howakd, actor and drama- New York, June 9, 1792; d. Tunis, Africa, Apr. 10, 18.i2. His precocity was won- derful. At 13, while clerk in a counting-house, he edited a weekly paper, the Thespian Mirror; in 1807 he pub. 2.5 Nos. of a periodical called the Pastime; Feb. 26, 1809, he made a highly successful debut at the Park Theatre as Young Norval ; ho next appeared in Boston, and in the following spring played Hamlet and other leading parts in New York; in I8I2-I3 he played successfully at Drury Lane, also in Ire- land and in the provincial theatres. While in London, he produced a host of dramas, chiefly adaptations from the French, in one of which, " Clari, or the Maid of Milan," occurs his fa- mous song of " Home, Sweet Home," which made the fortunes of all concerned except the author. In 1826-7 heedit. in Lond. a dramatic paper called the OperaGlass. He wasacorresp. of Coleridge and Charles Lamb. His tragedy of "Brutus" was successl'nlly produced at Drury Lane, Dec. 4, 1818. He returned home in Ai"ig. 1832 ; was a contrib. to the Democ. Re- view in 1838; was app. consul to Tunis in 1841 ; was recalled in 1845, and re-appointed in 1851. An interesting Memoir of Payne, by his friend T. S. Fay, appeared in the N. Y. Mir- ror in 1832. Also author of "Lisping of the Muse," juvenile poems, 1815; Account of East Hampton in Democ. Review; and a series of papers on our Neglected Poets ; the phiys of Virginius, and Charles the Second. The U. S. govt, has erected a monument over his remains in the cemetery of St. George at Tu- Matthew Mocntjoy, col. U.S.A., b.' Goochland Co., Va. App. lieut. 20th Inf. March, 1812; capt. March, 1814; maj. 2d Art. Dec. 17, 1836 ; lieut.-col. 4th Art. June 27, 1843 ; acting insp.-gen. to Gen. Tay- lor ; brev. col. for battles of Palo Alto and K. de la Palma, May 9, 1846, in the latter of which he was severely wounded ; col. 2d Art. Nov. 11, 1856; gov. Military Asylum, D.C., Nov. 1854-March, 1858; resigned July 23, 1861. He resided in Richmond, and, during the Rebellion, avowed his loyalty to the Union. Payson, Edwakd, D.D. (Bowd. 1821), clergyman, b. Rindge, N.H.,July 25, 1783; d. Portland, Me., Oct. 22, 1827. H.U. 1803. He had charge of an acad. in Portland 3 years ; then studied theology under his father, Rev. Seth of Rindge. Licensed to preach May 20, 1807 ; and Dec. 16 was ord. colleague of the Rev. Mr. Kellogg of the Cong. Church in Portland, where he remained until his death. He was a man of exalted piety and unquench- able zeal. His Works, with a Memoir by Asa Cummings, D.D., were pub. in 3 vols. 8vo, 1846. Payson, Phillips, D D. (H.U. 1800), minister of Chelsea, Ms., from Oct 26, 1757, to his d. Jan. U, ISOl ; b. Walpole, Ms., Jan. 18, 1736. H.U. 1754. A descendant of Edward of Koxhury, 1649. He was a zealous patriot of the Revol. ; disting. as a classical scholar, an energetic and pathetic preacher. His tracts on astron. and nat. philos. are in the " Trans, of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences." He pub. some sermons, among them Battle of Lexington, 1782 ; Death of Washington, 1800. Payson, Seth, D.D. (Dartm. 1809), min- ister of Rindge, N.H., from Dec. 4, 1782, to his d. Feb. 26, 1820; b. Walpole, Ms., Sept. 29,1758. H.U. 1777. Bro. of Rev. Phillips. He pub. " Proofs of Illuminism," an abstract of Robinson and Barruel, 12mo, 1802; and some sermons. — Sprw/iie. Peabody, Andrew Pbeston,D.D. (H.U. 1852), LL.D. (Roch. 1863), clergyman and scholar, b. Beverly, Ms., Mar. 19, 1811. H.U. 1826; tutor 1832-3. He spent 3 years in teaching, then studied 3 years at the Camb. Divinity School. From Oct. 23, 1833, until Sept. 1 , 1 860, he was settled in the South Parish Church of Portsmouth, N.H. He then became preacher, and Plummer prof, of Christian mor- als in H.U. He was for several years a leading writer for the American Montlil;/ and N. E. Mag., and long a principal contrib. to the Christian Examiner. For nearly a quarter of a century he was connected with the N. A. Review, which he edited in 1852-61. He has pub. more than 100 sermons, orations, tracts, &c. ; a vol. of " Lectures on Christian Doc- trine," 1844 ; " Sermons of Consolation," 1847; "Conversation, its Faults and Graces," 1856; "Christianity the Religion of Nature," 1864; "Sermons for Children," 1866; "Reminis- cences of European Travel," 1868; also com- piler of a Sunday-school Hymn-Book. He has written Memoirs, and edited the writings of Rev. Jason Whitman; James Kinnard, jun. ; J. W. Foster ; Charles A. Clieever, M. D. ; and Gov. Wm. Plumer. His review articles cover most of the social and educational ques- tions of the day, with the discussion of many miscellaneous topics. Peabody, Elizabeth Palmer, b. Bille- rica, Ms., 1804, dau. of Dr. N. Peabody, resided at Salcra ; in 1822, became a teacher, and sub- sequently a bookseller in Boston. Author of " Records of a School ; " " Spiritual Culture ; " " The Present ; " " Introd. to Grammar ; " " First Steps to History ; " " Keys to Gre- cian and Hebrew History ; " Memorial of Dr. Wm. Wesselhoeft,"1859; translations and pa- pers in various periodicals; with her sister Mary (Mrs. Horace Mann), "Moral Culture of In- fancy ; " and " Kindergarten Guide," 1863. Peabody, Ephraim, D.D., Unitarian cler- gyman and writer, b. Wilton, N.H., Mar. 22, 1807 ; d. Boston, Nov. 28, 1856. Bowd. Coll. 1827; D.D. 1848. He studied theology at Cambridge ; began to preach in 1830 at Mead- ville. Pa. ; preached 4 years in Cincinnati, and in the Federal-st. Church during Dr. Gannett's absence in Europe in 1837 ; and was settled in New Bedford from May, 1838, to Jan. 18, 1846, when he became pastor of King's Chapel, Bos- ton. He took the deepest concern in devising measures for the relief of the poor. The Boston Provident Society owed its original establish- ment to his'suggestion and his etforts. During the spring and summer of 1833 he travelled 698 over Europe for the benefit of liis health, and spent the winter of 1855-6 in St. Augustine with the same object. As a preacher, he was in the highest degree impressive. His sermons, with a Memoir, were pub. 8vo, 1857 ; " Chris- tian Davs :ni,l TliLU-hrs." 1858. Peabody, (iicoK^i:, D.C.L. (Oxon. 1867), banker and |diilaiilliriipi.st, b. S. Danvers, Ms., 18 Feb. I Til.-. ; d. Lond. 4 Nov. 1869. At the nije of 1 1 he became a clevis in a grocery-store ; in 1812-1.3 he was a cleric in his uncle's store in Georgetown, D.C. ; he became a partner with Elislia Kiggs in the dry-goods trade in New York, afterward in liaitimore; and in July, 184.3, established himself in London as a banker, his house becoming the hrailc|iiartcrs of his countrymen in that rity. IIis hrnefac- tions were numerous, and wnr oii a |.rincclv scale. In 1852 he gav.: m 1,,, mni,. towii 820,000 towards foundin- an in-iiim.., Ivceum, and library, afterward incrca.sii];; it to ^2110,000. He contrih. S10,000 to thetirst Urinnell exped. to the Arctic < )oean ; and in 1 857 gave $300,000 to fuiind an institute of science, literature, and the tine arts, in Baltimore, which he subse- quently increased to $1,400,000. For the bene- fit of "the ])oor of Loiulon he gave in 1862 £500,000 ; in recognition of which the Queen presented iVIr. Peabody with her portrait, the city of London gave him its freedom in a gold box, and the citizens erected to his mem- ory a fine statue. In Oct. 1866 he gave to H.'U. Si 50,000 to establish a museum and professorship of Amer. archteology and ethnol- ogy ; to the Southern Educational Fund, created in 1866, he gave $2,000,000; and to loMud a geol. branch at Yale Coll., $150,000. and statesman, b. Topsfield, Ms., Mar. 1, 1741 ; d. Exeter, June 27, 1823. He studied and prac- tised with his father, a physician, who had removed to Leominster in 1745, and who d. there in 1758. He settled at Plaistow, N.H., ah. 1761, and soon acquired extensive practice. He was conmiis. a lieut.-col. in 1774, and was the first man in N.H. to resign the king's com- mission on account of political opinions. In Dec. 1774 he was one of the captors of Fort William and Mary at Newcastle. He was constantly employed in the legisl. in committees and in conventions during the early part of the war; and was some time chairman of the com. of safety and other committees, to whom ed subjects of ' tance. App. in July, 1777, adj.-gen. of the State were referred subjects of the greatest impor- militia, he served in that capacity in 1779, in E.I., under Gen. Whipple; delegate to the convention at New Haven, 1779, for regulating the price of labor, manufactures, produce, &c., and for other purposes ; delegate to Congress in 1779-80; delegate to the convention, and chairman of the com., to form the State con- stitution in 1782-3 ; was for several successive years in the legisl. ; councillor; senator; brig.- gen.; chairman of various committees, &c. ; speaker of the house in 1793 ; and maj.-gen. of militia from 1793 to 1798. One of the founders of the N.H. Med. Society in 1790. During Fcveral of the last years of his life, he was con- fined to the limits of the prison at E.xeter for debt. — iV. U.Hist. Colls. Peabody, Oliver William BoDEN,twin- bro. of W. B. O., ioumalist and clergyman, b. Exeter, N.H., July' 9, 1799 ; d. Burlington, Vt., July 5, 1848. H.U. 1816. He practised law in Exeter 1 1 years, at the same time editing the Rock-ingham Gazette and Exeter News-Letter, and serving in the State legisl. ; and removed to Boston in 1 830, assisting his bro.-in-law, A. H. Everett, in editing the N. A. Review. He was for several ycara assist, editor of the Bos- ton Dai/i/ Advertiser. From 1836 to 1842 he was register of probate in Suflblk Co. ; in 1 842 he accepted the professorship of Eng. literature in Jeff. Coll., La., hoping to repair his shattered health by a residence in a milder climate. Fail- ing in this, he returned to Boston, where in 1 845 he was licensed to preach by the Unitarian Assoc. He soon after became the minister of a cong. in Burlington, Vt. Both brothers were men of eminent natural endowment, of ripe scholarship, of gentle and affectionate tempers. He edited Shakspeare, 7 vols. 8yo, Boston, 1844; contrib. to Goodrich's " Token ; " also Lives of Putnam and Sullivan to Sparks's " American Biography." Peabody, William Bohkn Oliver, D.D. (H.U. 1842), Unitarian clergyman, b. Exeter, N.H., July 9, 1799 ; d. Springfield, Ms., May 28, 1847. H.U. 1816. Son of Judge Oliver, and, with his twin-bro. O. W. B., was educated at Phillips Acad, and at H.,U. Wm. studied theology at Cambridge; and in 1820 was settled over the new Unit, society in Spring- field, where he ministered to the close of his life. Ho was an accomplished beUes-lcttres scholar and poet. Contrib. to theA^^. Re- viiir, aniens: i'llai- articles, the review of Au- diil ■ ii,. Ill work, beside contrib. to the' / ;.;. He contrib. to Sparks's Bi..::,a|.li. I,l^^. of Alex. Wilson, Cotton Mather, David Braincrd, James Oglethorpe, and John Sullivan. In 1837, Gov. Everett se- lected Dr. Peabody to prepare a Report on the Birds of Ms. After lus death, a vol. of his ser- mons was pub., together with a Memoir of his life by his bro. Oliver; and in 1850 his Literary Remains were edited by his son Col. Everett Peabody (killed at the battle of Shiloh, April 6,1862,a.31; H.U.1849). The latter was made col. of 13th, afterwards 25th, Mo. Vols, Sept. 1, 1861. Before the war, he was an engineer and constmctor of railroads in the West. Peale, Charles Wilson, portrait-painter, b. of Eng. parents at Chcstertown, Md., April 16, 1741 ; d. Phila. Feb. 22,1827. He was ap- prenticed to a saddler ; carried on successively the trades of saddler, harness-maker, silver- smith, watchmaker, and carver; and after- wards, as a recreation from hia sedentary prac- tice of portrait-painting, became a sjiortsman, naturalist, and preserver of animals ; made himself a violin and guitar; invented and exe- cuted a variety of machines ; and Wiis the first dentist in the country that made sets of enamel teeth. At the age of 26 he obtained instruc- tion in painting from Hesselius, and afterwards from Copley in Boston. By fiiendly aid he was enabled in 1770-1 to study in the Royal Acad, at London under the direction of West. In 1772 he painted the first picture of Wash- ington as a Va. col ; on his return he opened PEA. 699 a picture-gallery in Phila., and was for nb. 1 5 veara the only portrait-painter in N. A. Dur- ing the war he was often employed in confiden- tial services, and at Trenton and Germanto^^^l headed a company which he had raised. He represented Phila. in the State Icgisl. in 1777. He painted the portraits of many disting. Revol. officers ; opened the first museum in the coun- try, for which ho procured almost an entire skeleton of the mammoth ; and was the first to lecture on the interesting and now popular sub- ject of nat. history. He was prominent in the early attempts to establish an acad. of the fine arts, and, when that of Pa. was (bunded, he co- operated zealously, and contrib. to 17 annual exhibitions. He pub. an essay on " Building Wooden Brid^es,^' 8vo, 1797; "Lectures on Nat. History,'* 8vo, 1800; "Preservation of omy in Fuel," in " Trans. Amer. Soc.," v. Raphael, his eldest son, also a painter, d. Phila. March, 1825, a. 52. Peale, Rembkandt, painter, son of the preceding, b. Bucks Co., Pa., Feb. 22, 1778 ; d. ]?hila. Oct. 3, 1860. He early evinced talent as a draughtsman, and, ha^-ing a strong desire to paint the portrait of Washington, accom- pUshed his purpose in Sept. 1795. He estab- lished himself as a port.-pamter in Charleston, S.C, in 1796, and, between 1801 and 1804, stud- ied under West in London. He next went to Paris, where he passed several years, and exe- cuted portraits of eminent men for his father's museum. Returning to Phila. in 1809, he painted many portraits, and also two well- known pictures, the " Roman Daughter " and the " Court of Death." The latter, 24 feet in length by 13 in breadth, contained 23 figures, and, by exhibition in the chief cities of the U.S., brouLiiit iiiin n larur sum of money. During the wint' 1 I'l ISj'j-co hi; lectured in the princi- pal ciiir- ,111 th' |ioiiiaits of Washington. He pub. "Ui^t. l)i-c]iiis. on the Mammoth," 8vo, 1803; "Notes on Italv," 1851 ; "Portfolio of an Artist," 1839; " Biog. of 0. W. Peale ; " "Reminiscences on Art and Artists; and a small treatise on elementary drawing, entitled " Graphics," 1 845. He contrib. to the Cincin. Literary Ga-Me in 1824. Pearee. — See also Peirce and Pierce. Pearee, Col. Cromwell, b. Willistown, Pa., Aug. 13, 1772; d. April 2, 1852. He was brought up a farmer ; was a capt. of militia in 1793; 1st lieut. 10th Inf. 1799; and col. 16th U.S. Inf. in July, 1812. He took a disting. part in the capture of York, April 27, 1813; and at Chrystler's Field, on the fall of his lead- er, took the com. In 1816 be became sheriff of Chester Co.; and in 1825-39 was associate judge of the County Court. — Nottuf the three numbers of his "Clio;" in 1821 " Promelheus and other Poems ; " and in 1822 another vol. of j)oen)s, and hecame one of the most popular of American poets. Assist, sur- geon in tlie army 1824; and was stationed at West Point as lecturer on chemistry, but re- signed in a few months, and was made surgeon in eouneclion with the recruiting-service in Boston. Here he contrih. frequently to the U. S. fJf. Gazette, and edited an edition of Knox's " Elegant Extracts." In 1827 he re- moved to N. Haven, and pnh. a tliird vol. of poetry, and a final vol. in 1843, entitled " The Dream of a Day, and other Poems ; " in 1834 he pub. an edition of Malte Brun's Geography, with annotations and additions; in 1835, in conjunction with Charles U. Shepard, he was app. to make a geolog. and mineral, survey of Ct., the report of which was pub. in 1842. Dr. Percival was partial to philological stud- ies, and had a critical knowledge of many of the modern languages of Europe. He spent two years in assisting Noah Webster to com- pile his quarto Dictionary. In 1854 he was app. State geologist of Wis. ; and at the time of his death held the office of State geologist in III. His 1st 111. Report was pub. in 1855. He was a man of scholarly tastes and eccentric habits. A coll. of his poems was pub. Boston, 1860, 2 vols. Pereival, John, capt. U.S.N., b. Barn- stable, Ms., Apr. 3, 1779; d Dorchester, Ms., Sept. 17, 1862. Quitting the merchant-service, he entered the navy as sailing-master, Marc'h 6, 1809; became lieut. Dec. 9, 1814; master March 3, 1831; capt. Sept. 8, 1841. He dis- plaved daring and intrepidity in the capture of the British tender "Eagle" off New York, and skill and good conduct in the engagement between " The Peacock " and " Epervier " Apr. 29, 1814. His last cruise was in "The Constiintion" in 1843-7. His professional skill was of the highest order, and he was a strict ili-ciplinarian. " Mad Jack," as the sailors called him, was rough in Percy, Eakl Hugh, duke of Northum- berland, a British gen., b. Aug. 25, 1742; d. July 10, 1817. Entering the army very young, he first saw service under Prince Ferdinand in Germany. Though he did not approve of the Anier. war, heotfcrod his services, and com. as a bri;;:iilicr in 177.5-6. He led the timely rc-ciiruiCLment, which, Apr. 19, 1775, prevented the destruction of Col. Smith's command, on the day of the Lexington battle. He was not present at the battle of Bunker's Hill; hut in Nov. 1776 contrib. to the rednciion of Fort Washington, the column led by him bting the first to enter the American lines. He succeed- ed to the barony of Percy on the death of his mother in Dec." 1776; returned to Eng., and succeeded to the dukedom June 6, 1786. Perez, Jose Jo.iquin-, Chilian statesman, b. Santiago de Chili 1801. Sec. of legation in France lS29-31.;.rain.-plenipo. to Buenos Ayres 1832.; subscguently dep. to Congress, councillor of state,- minister of finance (f844), of the interior, of foreign a&irs (1849) ; pres. of t!ic chiiinber of depu:ies, and pies, of the senate ; elected pres. of the Republic of Chili 7 Sept. 1861; re-elected 24 July, 1866, for the term ending 1871. Perham, Sidney, gov. Me. 1870-1 ; M.C. 1863-9; b. Woodstock, Me., 27 Mar. 1819. Farmer and teacher until 1852; memberof the board of agric. 1852-4 ; member and speaker of the legisl. 1855 ; county clerk of Oxford 1858 and 1861. Perkins, Eltsha, physician, b. Norwich, Jan. 16, 1741; d. New York, Sept. 6, 1799. Ed- ucated for the profession by his father Dr. Jo- seph in Plainficld, and possessed remarkable endowments of botiy and mind. He made great sacrifices in establishing and supporting an acad. at Plainficld, and other useful improve- ments there. Ab. 1796 he invented the " Me- tallic Tractors." These were brass and iron pins, applied first to the cure of gout, rheuma- tism, and analogous disorders, and attracted great attention for a time, but soon fell into disuse, being attacked as an imposture by men of science. He invented an antiseptic medicine, and, to test its efficacy against yel- low-fever, went to New York during its pre- valence in 1799, and fell a victim to that dis- ease. Perkins, George Roberts, LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1852), mathematician and astronomer, b. Otsego Co., N.Y., May 3, 1812. Principally Eolf-educatcd. He taught mathematics at the " Liberal Institute," Clinton, IS.Y., in 1831-8; became principal of the Utica Acad. ; prof, of math, in the State Normal School in 1844-8, and principal in 1848-52. He soon after su- periotended the erection of the Dudley Observa- tory; and in 1858 was app. dep. State eng., and surveyor of the State of N.Y. Author of a series of mathematical text-books, including arithmetics; "Treatise on Algebra," 1841; "Elements of Algebra," 1844; "Elements of Geometry," ,1847; " TriiLonuni'nry and Sur- veying," 1851 ; "Plane and S..|iil Gc, T I vt., Nov. 1.3, 18I3.._^We3tPoint, 1836. Enter- '^ 1 1 ' S" '"5 '''6 ■*''' ^'^■' ^^ sci-ved in Fla. : was made - , ' * 1st lieut. July 7, 1838 ; declined the brev. of capt. for gallantry at Contreras and Churubus- co ; capt. 31 Mar. 1850, wliile member of a board for preparing a system of heavy-artillery instruction, whieh was formed at his sugges- tion ; com. at Eort Brown, Texas, and broke up a large filibuster exped. against Mexico and Cuba; and served in the Utah exped., but re- signed Nov. 2, 1859; while residing at Brattle- borough, Vt., he became (2 May, 1861) col. 1st Vt. Vols. He established and long com. the intrenched camp at Newport News; was made a brig.-gen. May 17, 1861 ; was attached to Gen. Butler's exped. to N. Orleans ; landed at Ship Island, Mpi., Dec. 4, and issued a proc- lamation hostile to slaveiy, which was at once disavowed by Gen. Butler. Gen. Phelps en- listed and disciplined tin l':-i n li -mMIm^, bntwas ordered by Gcii I' i ' : : ■ in i!i.' project, and employ till It I : i I similar labors ; andn-i,' : A:_ l' 1 , |:-i,l'. and retunicd to Brattleliorinmh. Vice-pres. Vt. Hist. Soc. since 1863. Phelps, Oliver, a man of extraordinary enterprise, b. Windsor, Ct., 1749; d. Canan- daigua, N.Y., Feb. 21, 1809. He received a mercantile education at Sufificld, Ct. ; engaged in business in Granville, Ms., with great success ; and during the Revol. was in the commiss. dept. of Ms. In 1 788, he, with Nathl. Gorham, purchased of the State of Ms. a tract of 2,200,- 000 acres of land in the Genesee country, N.Y., now comprised in the extensive counties of Ontario and Steuben. He opened in Canan- daigua the first land-oSice in America ; and his system of survey by townships and ranges became the model for all subsequent surveys. In 1795, Phelps, with Wm. Hart and their asso- ciates, bought of this State the tract of land in Oliio called the Western Reserve, comprising 3,300,000 acres. He afterwards removed to Canandaigua, N.Y. ; represented that dist. in Congress in 1 803-5 ; and was a judge of the Circuit Court. Phelps, Samuel Shethar, jurist and statesman, b. Litchfield, Ct., May 13, 1793; d. Middlcbury, Vt., Mar. 25, 1855. Y.C. 1811. Son of Capt. John, a Revol. soldier. He was a paymaster in the army at Plattsburg late in 1814J and after the war settled as a lawyer in Middlebury. Member of the Council of Cen- sors in 1827, and author of the address by that body ; member of the legislative council in 1 83 1 ; judge of the Sup. Court of Vt. in 1831-8 ; and U.S. senator 1839-51 and 1853-4. His speeches in the senate on the Clayton Compromise Bill, and on the Vt. Antislavery Resolutions, a^ traded much attention. He had a high repu- tation as a jurist and advocate. A biog. notice is in Whig iicriew, xii. 93. Phelps, Sylvanus Dryden, D.D. (Madis. Coll. 1854), b. Suffield, Ct., 1816. Brown U. 1844. Pastor 1st Bapt. Church, New Haven, since Jan. 21, 1846. Author of " Eloquence of Nature, and other Poems," 1842; "Sun- light and Heartlight, and other Poems," 1856; "Holy Land, a Year's Tour," 1863; "The Poet's Song for the Heart and the Home," 1867; " Bible Lands," &c., 1869. Also poems and sermons in pamphlet form ; " Introd. to Life and Times of Bunyan," 8vo, 1855; and articles in periodicals. — AlUbone. Philes, George P., linguist, bibliographer, and scholar, b. Ithaca, N. Y., 15 Apr. 1828. Educated at Ithaca Acad. Has resided in N.Y. City since 1854, engaged as a bookseller and publisher. In 1857 he m. Emilena L., dau. of Martin Sanders of Cortland, N.Y. M.A. of Dartm. Coll. 1858. Contrib. to lit. journals under the pscudonyme of " Patilus Silentiarius ; " cditi.l "Til.- I'liil.ihiblion," 2 vols. 4to, N.Y. IM -' "■: ■' : ■ ' in preparing the "i};W..i4;nCT-. r. / .!, I I., llrnry Harrisse),N.Y., Geo. P, liii . -. i ■ ■ , inip. 8vo and 4to; edited "The xv.i. or Dialogues of Kreeshna and Bli ' &c., 8vo. 1867, I reprint in black- >ttcr of the " Proverbes, or Adagies," &e., from El asmns, by Rycharde Tauerner, London, I'-n, \.V.'lS67, 8vo. We believe he is now . 1 i 111 ]ireparing a " Dictionary of Anony- !!: 1 INeudonymous Eng. and Amer. Au- I ■, \Mili Hist, and Critical Notes." Philip, King (Metaco.v), S.achem of Po- kanoket. Youngest son of Massasoit, and the successor in 1662 of his bro. Alexander; killed Aug. 12, 1676. In 1662 he promised at Plym- outh to continue in friendship with the English, and not to dispose of any of his territory with- out giving notice; in 1671, in consequence of rumors of a plot ag.ainst the colonists and the occurrence of several murders, a new agree- ment was finally entered into, by which Philip admitted the superiority of the Plymouth govt. The Indians were, however, required to give up their arms, — a measure which soon produced unfavorable results. In 1675, Sassamon, a con- verted Indian, who had informed the Colony that hostile preparations were going on, was killed. His murderers were tried, convicted, and executed ; and in revenge the Indians mur- dered 8 or 9 white men. The war that ensued was of a most harassing character ; the Indiana avoiding the whites in the field, but rapidly passing from one exposed point to another, burning villages, cutting off detached parties by 713 ambuscade, and shooting down all who ven- tured outside of the places of protection. Philip formed an alliance with the powerful Narrasran- setts ; but an expedition under Winslow in Dec. 1675 resulted in the complete subjugation of that tribe. This blow, and the complete de- struction of his own tribe, soon left Philip with- out resources. Deserted by all, he was hunted from spot to spot ; and at last, taking refuge at Mount Hope, was there attacked by a party under Capt. Church, and was killed by an In- dian while attempting to flee. In this war 13 towns were destroyed ; many others suffered se- verely ; and 600 colonists were slain. Philip was brave, crafty, and politic ; had great influ- ence over the neighbormg tribes ; and was im- placable in his hatred of the colonists. Philipps, Gen. Rich.^rd, gov. Nova Sco- tia 1717-49, b. 1661 ; d. 1751. He joined the army of William of Orange as capt. ; was at the battle of the Boyne ia 1690; and was made lieut.-col. in 1712. He was in Nova Scotia in 1720-31, and was an active and intelligent offi- cer. He was, at his death, col. 38th Regt. Philleo, C.VLV1S W , novelist, b. Vernon, N.Y., June 14, 1822; d. Suflield, Ct., June 30, 1858. A lawyer at Snffield from 1 847 to his d. During the last 5 years of his Ufe he was a contrib. to Graham's, Putnam's, Harper's, and the Atlanlk magazines. Phillips, Adelaide, vocalist, b. Stratford- on-Avon, Eng., 1833. Made her debut Sept. 25, 1843, at the Boston Museum, as Little Pickle ; at the Walnut-street Theatre, Phila., July 17, 1846, as Rosa in "John of Paris;" and was long a great favorite, and a usefiil member of the Boston Museum Company. Possessing a remarkable contralto voice, she resolved upon its cultivation, and was trained in Italy in 1852-4, making a successful de'but at the Carcano, Milan, Dec. 17, 1854, in the "Barber of Seville." In Oct. 1855 she app. in concert at the Music Hall, Boston ; first app. in opera at the N.Y. Academy, Mar. 17, 1856, as Azuceni in " II Trovatore," — a part in which she is unrivalled, and which she played at the Italian Opera House in Paris in October, 1861. She sang at the great Peace Jubilee in Boston in June, 1869. Phillips, George, first minister of Water- town, Ms., from July 30, 1630, to hisd. July 1, 1644; b. Rainham, Norfolk Co., Eng., 1593. U. of Cambridge 1613 and 1617. Settled at Boxted, Essex Co., Eng. ; but became a non- conformist, and came to N. E. in June, 1630. He was a learned scholar, and an able disputant. His work on " Infant-Baptism " was pub. 1645. — Mather's Mat/iialia. PhUlips, Hexry, Jun., numismatist. Member of the Phila. bar. Author of " Histo- ry of the Paper-Moncv of Pa.," 8vo, 1862 ; "N. Jersey Bills of Credit, 172-3-86," 8vo, 1863; " Paper -Currency of the Colonies," 1863-6, 2 vols. 4to ; " Early Currency of Mary- land," 1867 ; " Medicine and Astrologf ," 8vo, 1867; "Pleasures of Numismatic Science," 8vo, 1867. — AUUione. Phillips, Col. John ; d. Charlestown, Ms., Mar. 20, 1726, a. 93 yrs. 9 mo. He was judge of the Admiralty Court ; treas. of the province ; col. of the regt. 1689-1715; a justice of the C. C. P. ; one of the council 1689-1716; and rem-es. 1683-6. — Savar/e. Phillips, John, LL.D., merchant and philanthropist, b. Andover, Ms., Dec. 27, 1719 ; d. Exeter, N.H., Apr. 21, 1795. H. U. 1735. Son of Rev. Samuel of Andover. He studied theology and preached for a time, but subse- quently became a merchant ; and was for some years a member of the council of N.H. He en- dowed a professorship in Dartm. Coll. ; contrib. liberally also to N. J. Coll. April 21, 1778, he, with Ills bro. Samuel, founded Phillips Acad, at Andover, giving to it S31,000, beside a third in- terest in his estate ; and in 1 781 founded Phillips Acad., Exeter, to which he gave $134,000. Phillips, John, first mayor of Boston, 1822-3, b. Boston, Nov. 26, 1770 ; d. there May 29, 1823. H. U. 1788. Nephew of Lieut.-Gov. William. Studied law, and at an early age was app. atty. for Sufiblk Co. During the last 20 years of his life he was a member of the State senate, and 1813-23 its pres. ; in 1809 he became a judge of C. C. P. ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1820. Phillips, Philip, vocalist and musical composer, b. Chantauqua Co., N.Y., 13 Aug. 1834. His youth was spent on a farm ; his leisure he devoted to music, completing his studies under Lowell Mason. He has since given sacred concerts in all parts of the U.S. App. in 1866 musical editor of the Meth. Book Concern, N.Y. ; visiting Europe in 1869, he sang in the principal cities there. Among his most popular works are "Musical Leaves," " Singing Pilgrim," " An Offering of Praise," and " New Standard Singer." PhiUips, Samuel, Jun., LL.D., b. N. An- dover, Ms., Feb. 7, 1752; d. Andover, Feb. 10, 1802. H.U. 1771. Grandson of Rev. Samuel (H. U. 1708), minister of Audover (17 Oct. 1710 to his d. 5 June, 1771 ; b. Salem, 28 Feb. 1690). Son of Samuel, a councillor of state, who d. July 21, 1790, a. 76. He was 4 years a member of the Ms. Prov. Cong., and one of its best speakers ; a member of the Const. Conv. of 1779 ; a State senator for 20 years following the adoption of the constitution, and 15 years pres. of that body ; a judge, of the C. C. P. (1781-98); coramiss. of the State in Shays's Insurrection ; and lieut.-gov. at the time of his death. He was also much engaged in agric, manuf., and mercantile pursuits. He planned and organized at Andover the first incorporated academy in the State, and one of the first in the country, gave it some lands, and procured endowments for it from his father, uncles, and cousin, to the amount of S85,000. At his death he left to the town of Andover a fund of S5,000, the income to be applied to the cause of education. He was a founder of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences of Boston. Phillips, Stephen Clarendon, philan- thropist, b. Salem, Nov. 4, 1801 ; lost by the burning of " The Montreal " on the River St. Lawence, June 26, 1857. H.U. 1819. He be- gan to stud^ law, but became a merchant ; mem- ber legisl. in 1824-9; senator in 1830; again a representative in 1832 and '33; M.C. 1834- 8; mayor of Salem Dec. 1838-March, 1842; and upon his voluntary retirement devoted the whole of his salary as mayor to the public 714 schools of the city. la 1848 und '49 he was the Free-soil candidate for gov. He dis- charged several State and private trusts with ability, sagacity, and integrity ; and was many years a meralier of the State Board of Educa- tion. Author of " The Sunday-school Service- Book." Phillips, Wendell, orator and reformer, h. Boston. Nov. 29, 1811. H.U. 1831 ; Camb. Law School, 1833. Son of John, first mayor of Bo.ston. Adin. to the Suffolk bar in 1834. The af;it;itiun of the slavery question was at tills tluic at its height; and Mr. Phillips joined the abolitionists in 1836, relinquishing profes- sional jiractice in 1839 from unwillingness to act under his attorney's oath to the Constitu- tion of the U.S. His first memorable speech was made in Faneuil Hall in Dec. 1837, at a meeting " to notice in a suitable manner the murder, in the city of Alton, III., of the Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy, who fell in defence of the freedom of the press." At a moment when the purpose of the meeting seemed likely to be defeated, and its resolutions rejected, by the opposition of Atty.-Gen. Austin, Mr. Phillips, who was among the audience, in an outliurst of indignant eloquence at once rebuked Mr. Austin for the sentiments he had uttered, and secured the passage of the resolutions. He was a prominent advocate of the doctrines of the Garrisonian abolitionists, who, believing the Constitution of the U.S. to be an immoral compact between freedom and slavery, refused it support, abstained from voting, and labored for the dissolution of the Union as the best means of freeing the slaves. Mr. Phillips is no%v identified with the progress of the temper- ance, labor-reform, and woman's-rights move- ments. He is a frequent public lecturer, and as an orator ranks among the very foremost America has produced. Pres. of the Amer. Antislavery Sac. from 1865 until its dissolution, 9 Apiil, 1870; candidate of the Labor-reform Earty for gov. of Ms. in 1870. His Speeches, lectures, and Letters were pub. Boston, 1863 ; " The Constitution a Proslavery Compact," 8vo, 1844; "Can Abolitionists Vote or Take Officer' 1845 ; " Review of Spooner's Uncon- stitutionality of Slaverv,"8vo, 1847; "Review of Webster's 7th-of- March Speech," 1850; "Review of Kossuth's Course," 1851; "De- fence of the Antislavery Movement," 8vo, 1853; "Addresses," 8vo, 1859. He has con- trib. largely to the Liberator and to the Anti- slaveri/ Standard. Phillips, WiLLARD, LL.D., A.A.S., law- yer and author, b. Bridgewater, Ms., Dec. 19, 1784. H.U. 1810; tutor there 1810-15. He procured the means for his own education by teaching. He then began the practice of law in Boston, and at the same time assisted in the editorshipof the N.A. Review, to which he was, until 1834, a contrib. In 1825 and '26 he was a member of the State legisl. He gave up prac- tice in 1 845 ; was judge of probate for Sutifblk Co. in 1839-47 ; and has been pres. of the N.E. Mutual Life Insurance Co. since 1843 ; in 1837-41 he was one of the commiss. who reduced the law of crimes and punishments to a systematic code. He pub. in 1 8 1 2 a pamphlet entitled "An Appeal to the Public Spirit of the Federalists and the Good Sense of the Democrats ; " " Treatise on Insurance," 1823, 5th edition, 2 vols. 8vo, 1868; "Treatise on Patents," 1837; "Inventor's Guide," 1837; "A Manual of Political Economy," 1828; "Propositions concerning Protection and Free Trade," 1850. He wrote, among other articles for the " Encyclopaedia Americana," one on " Political Economy," and in 1832 pub. a digest of the first 8 vols, of Pickering's " Reports." With Edward Pickering he edited the first Amer. edition of " Collyer on Partnership." In 1812 he was a contrib. to the Gen, Repository and Ri view, and forsome years edited.and pub. the American Juiist. Phillips, William, a British gen. ; d. Petersburg, Va., May 13, 1781. App. capt. of art. May, 1756; brev. lieut.-col. 1760; col. May 25, 1772; and maj.-gen. in June, 1776, in Burgoyne's exped. He served with credit in Germany; was taken prisoner with Burgoyne in Oct. 1777; exchanged in Nov. 1779; and was actively engaged at the South until his death. In the spring of 1781 he was sent from New York with 2,000 men to join Arnold, then at the Chesapeake. After a biief career of devastation in Va., he was carried oft' by a fever. He was haughty and irritable, and held the Americans in great contempt. Phillips, William, lieut.-gov. of Ms. 1812-23, b. Boston, Apr. 10, 1750; d. May 26, 1827. Son of Wm., a benefactor of Andovcr Sem., who d. Jan. 15, 1804, a. 82. Heengaged in business with his father, and acquired a for- tune; was an ardent patriot of the Revol. ; was several years a representative after 1800; and at his death bequeathed large sums to Phillips Acad., Andover Theol. Sem., and other insti- tutions. His son Jonathan, also a philan- thropic merchant of Boston, and a member of the Ms. legisl., b. 24 Apr. 1778, d. 29 July, 1860. Phillips, William Wirt, D. D. (Col. Coll. 1826), Presb. clergvman, b. Montiromery Co., N. Y., 23 Sept. 1796 ; d. N Y. Citv, 20 Mar. 1865. Un. Coll. 1815; New Brunswick Theol. Sem. Ord. Apr. 1818 over the Pearl- street Church, New York ; transferred in 1826 to the Wall-street Church ; afterwards removed to Fifth Avenue, where he officiated till his death. He held many important trusts in his denomination, and was in 1835 moderator of the Gen. Assembly. Phipps, Henrt, Earl of Mulgrave, a Brit- ish gen., b. 1755 ; d. April 7, 1831. Educated at Eton, and intended for the law; he entered the army in 1775; was aide-de-camp to Knyp- hausen in 1776; served through the American war; was disting. at the siege of Toulon in 1794; rose to the rank of gen. in 1809; and became an earl in 1812. Phips, Spencer, lieut.-gov. of Ms., b. Rowley, Ms., June 6, 1685; d. April 4, 1757. H.U. 1703. Son of Dr. David Beunet of Row- ley ; and on being adopted by his uncle, Sir Wm. Phips, took by statute the latter name. He was a councillor in 1722; was 9 times re- elected ; was lieut.-gov. in 1731-57, and admin- istered the govt, from Sept. 1749 to 1753, and in 1756-7. His son David (H.U. 1741) d. Bath, Eng., in 1811, a. 87. A prondnent loyal- ist of Boston; went to Halifax in 1776. PHI 715 PIC Phips, or Phipps, Sir William, gov. of Ms., h. Woolwich, Me., Feb. 2, 1651 ; d. Loiiilon, Feb. 18, 1095. He was one of 26 chiklren ; was at first a shepherd ; at the age of 18 bound himself to a ship-carpenter, and learned to read and write. In 1684 he went to Eng. to procure means to recover the treasure from a Spanish vessel wrecked near the Baha- mas. His first search, for which a national vessel was furnished him, was unsuccessful; in a second attempt in 1687, at the cost of the Duke of Albemarle, he recovered from the wreck treasure to the amount of £.300,000, of which £16,000 was given him as his share. He was also knifrhted, and app. high sheriflFof New Eng. In 1690 he com. the fleet which captured Port Royal, also a much larger one sent against Quebec without success. He arrived in Boston in Nov., and was made a magistrate of the colony, but soon revisited England to induce the govt, to send another expedition to Canada. Through the influence of Increase Mather, the agent of Ms. in Eng., he was app. gov. of the province, and arrived in Boston, May 14, 1692; in Aug. he sailed with ab. 450 men to Pemaquid, where he built a fort. Summoned in 1694 lo Eng. to answer complaints which had been brought against him, he died there very suddenly. He was a lover of his country, a man of uncommon enterprise and industry, and of an excellent disposition ; but the violence of his temper weakened his influence. He is much eulogized by Cotton Mather, his pastor, with whom he co-operated in the witchcraft delusion. — See Life III/ Doiixn in Sparks's Am. Bioj. Physic, Phillip Stng, M.D. (Edinburgh, 1792), an eminent phvsician and surgeon, b. Phila. Julv 7, 1768; d. there Dec. 15, 1837. U. of Pa. 1735. His father, an Englishman, had charge of the estates of the Penn family. He received his early education at the Friends' Acad.; studied medicine; went to Europe in Nov. 1 788 ; became the private pupil of John Hunter, and in 1790 was adm. to St. George's Hospital as house-surgeon. On loai-ing it, he received his diploma from the Roy. Coll. of Sur- geons in Lond.; was invited by Dr. Hunter to assist him in his professional business, and remained with him a year. After a year's at- tendance on the lectures of the university, and visiting the Royal Infinnary at Edinb., Dr. Phytic returned to Phila. ; commenced the practice of medicine ; and in 1 79.3, on ap- pearance of the epidemic, was app. physioi the Yellow-fever Hospital at Bush Hill; in 1794 one of the surgeons of the Pa. Hospital ; on the re-appearance of the yellow-fcvcr was again resident phy.sieian at the Bush-hiil Hos- pital ; and in 1801-16 was .surgeon-cxtr. to the i?liila. Almshouse Infirmarj' ; in 1 805 he was app. prof, of surgery in the U. of Pa. ; in 1819- 31 he filled the chair of anatomy; in 1821 was app. consulting surgeon to the Inst, for the Blind ; in 1 824 was elected pros, of the Phila. Med. See; in 1825 bocamo a member of the Roy. Acad, of Med. in France; and in 1836 an hon. f How of the Roy. Mod. and Chinirgical So,', of Lond. As a practical surgeon. Dr. P. had no rival in the U.S. ; and he was exceed- ingly popular as a lecturer. Author of valuar ble communications to the medical journals. See Memoir bi/ John Bell in Gross's Med. Biog. Piatt, John Ximes, poet, b. Milton, Ind., I Mar. 1 835. Nephew of Donn Piatt, writer and politician, and of Abram Sanders Piatt, politi- cal and poetical ^vriter. He learned the print- ing-business, and attended the Columbus High school and Kenyon Coll. He became knoivn by his poetical contribs. to the LouisuiUe Jour- nal in 1858; became a contrib. to iho Atlantic MontMi/ in 1859; and in 1860, in conjunction with W. D. Howells, pub. a vol. of "Poems of Two Friends." — See Poets and Poctnj of the West. Piehon, Thomas {alias Thomas Sigxis Tvkrell), b. France ; d. Lond. 1781. He was brought up a medical student at Marseilles, and was insp. of hospitals in Bohemia in 1743; sec. to Count Raymond, the Fixnch gov. of Cape Breton, 1751-3; and was afterward com- miss. of stores at Fort Beausejour until its cap- ture in 1755. All the while he held these posts, he was furnishing information to the British ofBcers, from whom he received money, and articles of dress. He was in Lond. from 1758 till his death. He pub. anonymously a work on Cape Breton and St. .Tolin Island, containing accurate descriptions of the Indians and other valuable information, Lond. 1760, and Paris 1761. He claimed the name of Tyrrell as that of liis mother's family. Pickens, Andrew, brig.-gon. Revol. ar- my, b. Paxton, BucliS Co., Pa., 13 Sept. 1739; d. Pendleton Dist., S.C, 17 Aug. 1317. His parents, who were of Huguenot descent, re- moved in 1752 to the Waxhaw Settlement, S.C. He was a vol. in Col. Grant's exped. against the Cherokees in Apr. 1761, after which he re- moved to the Long Cane Settlement. At the outset of the Rcvol. he was made a capt. of militia, but rose rapidly, through courage, skill, and zeal, to the rank of brig.-gen. In the darkest time, when the South was overnin by the enemy, and suffered from the Tories all the horrors of civil war, he, with Slarion and Sum- ter, kept alive the spirit of resistance. In Feb. 1779, with 400 men, he defeated Col. Boyd with 800 Tories at Kettle Creek; had his horse killed under him while covering the retreat at the battle of Stono, 20 June, 1779 ; and in that year inflicted a severe defeat on the Cherokees at Tomassee; at the battle of the Cowpens, 17 Jan. 1781, he com. the militia, whom he rallied and brought a second time into action after they had been broken and compelled to retreat, for which service Congress voted him a sword ; in June he captured Augusta, Ga. ; and at the bat- th' of Eutaw, whore he com. the Carolina militia, was struck by a bullet, which, but for striking th" buckle of his sword-belt, would have in- flicted a mortal wound. By a successful expcd. against the Cherokees in 1 782, ho obtained a large cession of territory now embraced in the State of Ga. Member of the S.C. logisl. from the close of the war to 1794; M.C. 1793-5; member of the State Const. Conv. ; made m.ij.- gon. of militia in 1795 ; and again in the legisl. until 1801 and in 1812. Commiss. in many- treaties with the Southern Indians; by th.at of Hopewell he obtained from the Cherokees the portion of the State of S.C. now called Pen- 716 nc dieton and Greenville. He soon after settled at Hopewell, on ICcowec Kiver, where the trea- ty was held. In 1765 he married Rebecca Cal- houn, aunt of .John C. He was remarkable for simplicity, decision, and prudence, and for the scrupv.lous perlbrraancc of duty. His son AxDEEW, gov. of S.C. 1816-18, an able law- yer, d. Pontotock, Mpi., 1 July, 1838. PickenG, Francis W., statesman, b. To- gadoo, St. Paul's Parish, S.C, Apr. 7, 1807 ; d. Edgefield, S.C, Jan. 25, 1869. Son of Gov. Andrew. Educated at S.C. Coll. Was in 1829 adm to the bar, and besan practice in Edgcv field Dist. During the nullification excitement in 1832, he disting. himself in the legisl. as a debater ; was prominent on the committees on the judiciary and on foreign relations ; made a report in 1833, as chairman of a sub-corn., to the effect that Congress, as the agent and mere creature of the States severally, had no claim to allegiance, tmd could exercise no sovereignty. M.C. 1835-45. In 1836 he made an elaborate speech, denying the right of Congress to abol- ish slavery in the Dist. of Col. ; in 1844 he was elected to the S.C. senate. Ho voted with the majority against the " Bluffton movement," a secession demonstration then in progress in the State, advocated by Gov. Hammond and other prominent men; was a member of the Nashville Southern Conv. in 1850-1 ; presided over the State conv. called to elect delegates to the gen. Democ. conv. in 1854; was a delegate to that conv. in 1 856 at Cincinnati ; was minister to Russia in 1857-60 ; and, when S.C. declared its secession from the Union, was chosen its gov. He immediately demanded of Maj. An- derson the surrender of Fort Sumter, and while in oilice did all in his power in aid of the Re- bellion. He was succeeded by Bonham in 1 862. He was a planter of great wealth, gave much attention to scientific agriculture, and won much repute in the Southern States as an ora- tor before colleges and literary societies. Pickens, Israel, gov. of Ala. 1821-5, b. CaljaiTus Co., N.C ; d. near Matanz.as, April 23, 1827. He served one year in the N.C. le- gisl. ; was M.C. in 1811-17 ; was app. register of the land-office of Mpi. Terr, in 1817; after- ward removed to Ala. ; and was U.S. senator in 1826. Pickering, Charles, M.D. (H.U. 1826), naturalist, grandson of Col. Timothv, b. Sus- quebiuiTia Co., Pa., Nov. 10, 180.V Alter practising niedicine 11 years in Pliila., he was attached as naturalist to Wilkes's exploring cxped. in 1838-42 ; then went tp India and Eastern Africa, and pub. the results of his re- searches into the characteristics of their various tribes, in his " Races of Man and their Geo- graphical Distribution," 4to, 1848 ; and " Ge- ographical Distrilmtion of Animals and Man," 1854. Author, also, of a work on the " Geo- graphical Distribution of Plants," pub. 1861. Ill 1858 he communicated to the Amer. Orien- tal Soc. an essay on the Invention of the Art of Writing ; and, before the Boston Nat. Hist. Soc, notes on the Stinging Power of the Phy- salia. Pickering, Charles W.,commo. U.S.N., b. N H. Midshipm. M.ay 22, 1822 ; lieut. Dec. 8, 1838; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 15, 1862; commo. (retired list) Feb. 1, 1867. In 1822-3 he made his first cruise with his un- cle, Capt. R. T. Spencer, in " The Cyane ; " executive officer of this vessel in 1854, convey- ing Lieut. Strain and his exploring-party to Darien, and afterward rescuing, and returning them to N.Y. ; com. " The Kearsarge " in the Medit. and W. I. islands 1862-3 ; com. " The Housatonic," when blown up off Charleston, Feb. 17, 1864, by a sub-marine torpedo ; after- ward com. steamer " Vanderbilt " at capture of Ft. Fisher. — Hainersli/. Pickering, Henry, poet, h. Newburgh, N.Y , at the headquarters of Washington, Oct. 8. 1781 ; d. N.Y. May 8, 1838. Third son of Col. Timothy. Engaged in mercantile pur- suits in Salem, and afterward in N.Y. City. An edition of his poems was pub. in Boston iu 1831.— Duijckiiich. Pickering, John, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1792), lawyer and jurist, b. Ncwington, N.H., Sept. 22, 1737; d. Portsmouth, Apr. 11, 1805. H.U. I76I. A prominent member of the conv. which formed the const, of N.H. ; in 1787 he was elected a member of the conv. which framed the Const, of the U.S., but declined; he was a judge of the Supreme Court of N,H. in 1790-5, and was at one period chief justice; subsequently he was judge of the Dist. Court of the U.S. for N.H. ; but, his reason becoming impaired, he was removed from office by im- peachment in 1804. Pickering, John, LL.D. (Bowd. 1822; H.U. 1835), philologist, and writer on law, b. Salem, Ms., Feb. 17, 1777; d. Boston, May 5, 1846. H. U. 1796. Son of Col. Timothy. He studied law in Phila. ; was in 1797 app. sec. of legation to Portugal ; was 2 vears in Lond. as private sec. to Rufus King, U.S. minister ; in 1801 returned to Salem, resumed his legal studies, commenced practice, and remained there until 1827, when he removed to Boston ; and was city solicitor from 1829 until his death. His practice was large; but by great industry, and economy in the use of time, his labors in general lit., and philology in par- ticular, made him one of the most profound scholars in the country, and even of the age. He was 3 times representative from Salem, twice a senator from Essex, and once from Suf- folk, and was a member of the E.\ecutive Council; in 1833 he was a member of the commission for revising and arranging the statutes of Ms. The part entitled " Of the In- by him. Ilr CMntnl.. to thv Amer. Jurist ; to the Lnir n. !'■','■ >.[ I -II :in article of Singu- lar nprii , .Ml N III. i l;, !,i, and State Rights; to till' A I / ' 'it 1840 an article on C.nvrv an 1!!^ mi .\n. i iit Kgypt. Author of " Remarks on Greek Grammars," 1825 ; "The Vocabulary of Americanisms," 1816; an essay on " The Uniform Orthography of the Indian Language," 1820 ; " Indian Languages of Amor. ; " an article on the Chinese language, on the Cochin-Chinese language; and many productions of an analogous character. His principal work was a Greek and Eng. Lexicon, begun in 1814, hut not finished until 1826. He was more or less familiar with 22 different languages, the Egyptian hieroglyphics, the PIE Malay in several dialects, and particularly the Indian lanpuages of Amer. and of the Polyne- sian Islands. In 1806 he was elected Hancock prof, of Hebrew in H.U., and at a later day was invited to fill the chair of Greek literature. Pres. of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, and of the Oriental Soc. of Boston, and a mem- ber of many scientific and literary societies in Europe. Pickering, Octavius, LL.D., legist and naturalist, b. Wyoming, Pa., Sept. 2, 1792 ; d. Boston, Oct. 29, 1868. H.U. 1810. Adm. to the Suffolk bar, March 6, 1816 ; opened an of- fice in Boston, and assisted in reporting the proceedings of the State Const. Conv. in 1820 ; State reporter in 1822-40; and Pickering's " Reports," in 24 vols. 8vo, form a necessary part of every good law-library. He resided in Europe in 1841-8 ; was many years a member of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences ; and in Dec. 1814 was one of the founders of the ori;anization now known as the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist. He pub. in 1SG7 the first vol. of tlie Life of Col. Timo. Pickering, his father; with W. H. Gardner, "Report of the Trial of Judge James Prcscott," 8vo, 1821. Pickering, Timothy, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1798), soldier and statesman, b. Salem, Ms., 17 July, 1745; d. there 29 Jan. 1829. H.U. 176-3. Adm. to the bar in 1768, he became the champion and leader of the Whigs of Essex Co. ; was on the com. of corresp. ; and wrote and delivered the address of the people of Sa- lem to Gov. Gage, in 1774, on the occasion of the Boston Port Bill. He first opposed an armed resistance to the British troops, when, 26 Feb. 177.'), he, while a col. of militia, at a drawbridge in Salem, prevented their crossing to seize some military stores. He had been rcg. of deeds; and in 1775 was app. a judge of C.C.P. for Essex Co., and sole judge of the Maritime Court for the middle dist. He joined Washington in N.J. in the fall of 1776 with his regt. of 700 men ; was made adj.-gen. of the army in May, 1777; was present at the battles of the Brandywine and Germantown; was made by Congress a member of the board of war in Nov. ; and succeeded Greene as quar- termaster-gen. 5 Aug. 1780. After the war he resided in Phila., and in 1786 was sent by the govt, to adjust a controversy between various claimants to the Wyoming settlement. During this dispute he was waylaid near Wilkesbarre, Pa., by a band of disguised persons, in June, 1788, imprisoned, ill-treated, and his life threat- ened ; 20 days afterward he re-appeared, but was so much changed by his sufferings and hardships, that his children fled affrighted from his presence. (See account of this in his let- ter in Hazard's "Register of Pa.," vol. vii.) In 1787 he was the deleg. of Luzrrne Co. to the Pa. conv. for considering the U.S. Const., and earnestly favored its adoption ; U.S. post- master-gen. 7 Nov. 1791-2 Jan. 1795, and at the same time much employed in negotiations with the Indians ; U. S. sec. of war 2 Jan. 1794-10 Dec. 1795; and U.S. sec. of state 10 Dec. 1795-12 Mav, 1800. He left office poor, and, building a lo'g-hut for his family, settled on come wild lands in Pa. The liberality of friends enabled him to return to Salem at the the Ks: close of 1801. Made chief ju Co. C.C.P. in 1802; U.S. senator in 180.3-11 ; member of the council in 1811; member of the board of war of Ms. during the war of 1812-15; and M.C. 1815-17. He was one of the leaders of the Federal party in the U.S. ; member of the Pa. Const. Conv. of 1790 ; and was active in promoting the cause of education. He pub. " Easy Plan of Discipline for a Mill tia," Salem, July, 1775 ; "Letter to Gov. Sul- livan on the Embargo ; " " Addresses to the People," 1808; " Political Essays," &c., ISmo, 1812; and a severe "Review of the Corresp. between John Adams and W. Cunninuham," 1824. He was a talented writer, a brave and patriotic soldier, and a disinterested, able, and energetic public officer. Plain and unassum- ing in manner, he excelled in conversation. — See Life bi/ his Son Octavius, vol. i. 1867. Pickett, Col. Albert James, author of a " History of Alabama," 2 vols. Charleston, 1851 ; b. Anson Co., N.C., Aug. 13, 1810; d. Montgomery, Ala., Oct. 28, 1858. He went with his father to Ala. in 1818 ; studied law, but never practised ; and, after his marri.age in 1832, devoted himself to literary pursuits and the care of his plantation. Pickett, Btron M., a self-taught sculptor, b. Jordan, Onondaga Co., N.T. Author of several beautiful marble works, among others " CEnone," exhibited at the Nat. Acad, in 1868. Has recently produced a fine statue of S. F. B. Morse. Pickett, George E., gen. C.S.A., b. Rich- mond, 25 Jan. 1825. West Point, 1. ''46. Served in the Mexican war, earning the brevets of 1st licut. and capt. ; capt. 9th Inf. 3 Mar. 1855; resigned 25 June, 1 861 . He joined the Confed. army as col. in Sept. 1861 ; brig.-gen. 14 Feb. 1862; maj.-gen. 10 Oct. 1862; severely wound- ed at Gaines's Mill 27 June, 1862; com. a div. at Fredericksburg, at Gettysburg, attack on Newbem, N.C. ; in Feb. 1864 captured Plym- outh, N.C. ; surrounded and lost most of his div. at Five Forks ; and surrendered with Lee. Pierce. — Sec also Pearce and Peirce. Pierce, Bexjamix, gov. of N.H. in 1827- 9, b. Chelmsford, Ms., Dec. 25, 1757; d. Hills- borough, N.H., Apr. 1, 1839. His early years were passed in farm-labors. Hearing of the conflict at Lexington, he immediately joined the patriot army at Cambridge ; was in the battle of Bunker's Hill ; earned his commis- sion of ensign at the battle of Bomis Heights ; subsequently became a lieut., and served with bravery to the close of the war. Aftenvard a brig.-gen. of militia; from 1789 to 1802 a member of the Gen. Court; in 1803-9 and in 1814-18 councillor; and in 1809-14 and 1818- 23 high sheriff of the county. Father of Franklin Pierce, 14th pres. of the U.S. Pierce, Franklix, 14th jircs. U.S., b. Hillsborough, N.H., 23 Nov. 1804 ; d. Con- cord, N. II., 8 Oct. 1869. Bowd. Coll. 1824. Son of Gov. Benj. He studied law under Levi Woodbury; was adm. to the bar in 1827; prac- tised first at Hillsborough, and ab. 1838 moved to Concord. In 1 834 he m. Jane Means, dan. of Rev. Dr. Appleton. M.C. in 1833-7 ; U.S. senator 1837-42 ; he refused the offices of atty.- gen. and sec. of war, tendered by Mr. Polk ; PIE 718 PIE vigorously supported the annexation of Texas ; was made col. 16th U.S. Inf. after thebrcaking- out of the Mexican war; app. brig.-gcn. 3 Mar. 1 847 ; com. a large re-enforcement for the army of Gen. Scott, and was severely in- jured by the fall of his horse upon his log 19 Aug. 1847. Ho presided over the N.Ii. Const. Conv. in the winter of 1850-1. At the Nar tional Dcmoc. conv., June, 1852, the prominent candidates for the presidency were Cass, Bu- chanan, and Douglas. After 35 ballots with- out decisive result, the name of Gen. Pierce was proposed ; and he was nominated on the 49th ballot. He was elected for the tcnn of Mar. 4, 1853-7, receiving 254 electoral votes to 42 for his Whig competitor, Gen. Scott. In his inaug. he denounced the agitation of slave- ry, llis administration was signalized by the acquisition from Mexico of Arizona ; the or- ganization of the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska, by which the Mo. Compromise Act was repealed, and slavery permitted to enter those Territories, — ameasurewhich aroused the indignation of the free States, and created great excitement ; and by the troubles in Kan- sas, caused by the ctlbrts to make of it a slave State, contrary to the wishes of a large major- ity of its citizens. In Aug. 1854, Mr. Pierce directed the Ameiican ambassadors, Buchanan, Mason, and Soule, to confer on the best means of acquiring Cuba. They met at Ostend, and issued the " Ostend Manifesto," the purport of which was, that, if Spain would not sell Cuba, the Americans would take it by force. He used his official influence to promote the de- signs of the proslavery party in Kansas. Jan. 24, 1 856, he sent a message to Congress, rep- resenting the formation of a free-State govt, in Kansas as an act of rebellion. During the Rebellion, he was strongly in sympathy with the secessionists. As a Lawyer he acquired an extensive practice. — See his Life bij Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1852. Pierce, George Edmond, D.D. (Mid. Coll. 1838), pres. W. Ees. Coll. 1834-55, b. Southbury, Ct., 9 Sept. 1794 ; d. Hudson, O., 27 May, 1871. Y.C. 1816; And. Theol. Sem. 1821. Principal Fairfield Acad. 1816-18; ord. pastor Cong, church, Hanvinton, 10 July, 1822. Tutor, 1796. The son of a shoemaker. lie spent two years in teaching, and then studied theology ; and Mar. 15, 1797, was ord. over the First Cong. Church, Brookline, Ms., of which lie was sole pastor for half a century. Member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences, and of the Ms. Hist. Soc. For several years he was pres. of the Ms. Bible Soc. In all matters appertain- ing to family and literary statistics he was a prodigy. He had 18 quarto vols, of 600 pages each, of bis own MS., containing memoirs and 1811. rr.anklin Coll. 1829. He began to study law, but was adm. into the Ga. conf. at Macon in 1830. With the exception of the yoiir 1834, during which he was stationed in Charleston, S.C., he labored in the regular ministry in various parts of Ga. until 1838-9, when he became first pres. of the Ga. female (now Wesleyan) college in Macon. While here, ho edited, jointly with P. Pendleton, the Southern Ladi/'s Book: Pres. of Emory Coll., Ga., from 1848 until his election to the episco- pacy in 1854. Author of " Incidents of West- ern Travel," ed. by T. 0. Summers, D.D., 12mo, 1857. Pierce, John, dep. pavmaster-gen. Revol. armv ; d. N.Y. Citv, July, "1788. Pierce, John, D.D. (H.U. 1822), Cong, minister, b. Dorchester, Ms., July 14. 1773 ; d. BrooTiline, Ms., Aug. 24, 1849. H.U. 1793. memorabilia. He pub. " Half-century Dis- course at Brookline,'' Mar. 1847 ; " Sketch of Brookline," in " Ms. Hist. Colls.," 2d ser. vol. Pierce, William, statesman, of Ga., aide- de-camp to Gen. Greene in the Revol. war, and presented with a sword by Congress ; dele- gate to the Old Congress from Ga. 1786-7 ; and member of the conv. which framed the U.S. Constitution. He pub. his impressions of the members of that body in a Savannah paper long afterward. Pierpont, John, clergyman and poet, b. Litchfield, Ct., Apr. 6, 1 785 ; d. Medlbrd, Aug. 27,1866. y.C. 1804. A lineal descendant of Rev. James Pierpont, the second minister of Kew Haven (1685-1714), and supposed to be allied to the noble English family of the name which held the earldom of Kingston. He was an assist, in Dr. Backus's acad. at Bethlem ; went to S.C. in the autumn of 1805, and passed nearly 4 years as a private tutor in tho tiiniily of Col. William Alston. Aft.r In. ntnrn in 1809 he studied law at the scli'",] in Lir.hiirld ; was adm. to the E.ssex Co. I)ar in 1;-12. :ind practised for a time in Newburvport, His health demanding more active employment, he relinquished his profession, and engaged in mercantile life, first in Boston, and afterwards at Baltimore, but quitted it in 1816, and pub. his " Airs of Palestine," which soon reuclied a third edition. He next studied tlieology, and Apr. 14, 1819, was ord. pastor of the Hollls-st. Church, Boston. In 1835 he visited Europe. On his return he resumed his pastoral charge in Boston, where he continued until May 10, 1845. The freedom with which he expressed his opinions, especially in regard to the temper- ance cause, had given rise to some feeling before his departure for Europe; and in 1838 there sprung up between himself and a portion of his parish a controversy which lasted 7 years, when, after triumphantly sustaining himself against the charges of his adversaries, he requested a dismissal. He then became lor 4 vears pastor of a Unitarian Church in Troy, N.Y. ; Aug. 1, 1849, was settled over a church in Mcdford ; resigned Apr. 6, 1856. A zealous reformer, he powerfully advocated the temperance and anti- slavery movements ; was the candidate of the Liberty party forgov.,and, in 18511, of the Free- soil party for Congress. After the Kehcllion broke out, though 76 years of age, he went into the field as chaplain in a Ms. regt., but was soon employed in the treasury dept. at Wash- ington. In addition to his poetical works, pub. at Boston, 12nio, 1840, he pub. several popular school-readers, and some 20 occasional sermons and discourses. Pierrepont, Edwabds, jurist and lawyer, 719 1?IK b. North Haven, Ct., 1817. Y.C. 1837 ; New- Haven Law Sehool. A descendant of James, one of tlie founders of Yale Coll. In 1840-5 he praciiscd law in Columbus, O., since practising in N.Y. City, where he has for many years been eminent at the bar. Jiidj;e N.Y. Sup. Court 1857-60; member Const. Conv. of 1867 ; U.S. atty. for the south, dist. of N.Y. 1869- July, 1870. Formerly a Dcmoc, in 1861 he became a Repub. ; zealously supported the ndmin. of Mr. Lincoln and "his re-election in 1864, and aided in the election of Pres. Grant. Pierson, Abr.vham, first pres. of Y.C. 1701-7, h. Lvnn, Ms., lC+1 ; d. Mar. 5, 1707. H.U. 1668. Abraham his father, first minister of Southampton, L.I. (h. Yorkshire, En;;., 1608, d. Au-. 9. 1678), was one of the first settlers of Newark in 1667, and was the first minis- ter of that town. Preached to the Indians of Long Island in their own language, and contrib. " Some Helps for the Indians in N. Haven Colony to a Further Account of the Prog- ress of the Gospel in N.E.," 1659. His son was ord. colleague with him at Newark, N. J., March 4, 1672', and was minister of Killing- worth, Ct., from 169+ till his death. — Sprarjiii'. Pierson, H.vmilton Wilcox, D.O.," h. Bergen, N.Y. Un. Coll. ; Union Theol. Sem. Pres. of Col. Coll., Ky., 1858. Author of " Jefferson at Monticello," 8vo, 1862. Edited Amcr. ilissionmi Memorial, 8vo, 1853 ; and contrih. to periodicals. — AUihone. Pierson, Isaac, D.D., physician of Orange, N. J., 40 years, b. Aug. 15, 1770; d. Sept. 22, 1833. N.J. Coll. 1789. Fellow of the Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, N.Y. M.C. 1827-31. Pigot, Sir Robert, a British gen., b. 1720; d. Aug. 1 , 1796. Maj. lOth Foot, May 5, 1758 ; lieut.-col.Feb. 1764; col. 38th Foot, June, 1776; maj.-gen. Aug. 1777; lieut.-gen. Nov. 1782. At the battle of Bunker's Hill he com. the left wing ; and to his activity,bravery, and firmness much of the success of that day was owing. So highly did he distinguish himself, that ho received as a reward for this serv'icc the colo- nelcy of the 38th Foot. He had a com. in R.l. in Aug. 1778, and superseded Prescottat New- port soon after. Pike, Albert, poet, b. Boston, Dec. 29, 1809. H.U. 1859. Son of a journeyman shoemaker. When he was 4 years old, the family removed to Newhuryport. He entered H.U. at the age of 16, but, unable to support himself there, taught at Newhuryport and Fair- huven; in the spring of 1831 he went to St. Louis, travelling much of the way on foot; joined an exped. to N. Mexico ; and for a year was cither a merchant's clerk or a peddler in Santa Fc; in Sept. 1832 he accomp. some trajipers, from whom he separated with 4 others ; travelleil 500 miles on foot, and reached Fort Smith, Ark., " without a rag of clothing, a dollar in money, or knowing a person in the territory." He contrib. poetry to the Ark. Advocate: became a partner in the concern, which he houglit out in 1834, and continued to edit the pnper until 1836, when he was adm. to the bar, to which he subsequently devoted himself. He pub. " Prose Sketches and Poems," Boston, 12mo, 1834. The " Hymns to the Goils " were composed while he was teaching in Fairhavcn. Some of bis fugitive poems have appeared in periodicals; and in 1854 a coll. of his poems, entitled'- Nug«e," was printed at Phila., but never pub. He was prominent as a State-rights man ; served with distinction as a vol. in the Mexican war ; and com. a com- pany of Ark. cavalry. He organized a body of Cherokee Indians, whom he led, in the early part of the Rebellion, and took part with thctii in the battle of Pea Ridge, sharing in the Con fed. defeat. He edited the Memphis Appeal in 1867-8; "Reports of the Sup. Ct. of Ark.," 5 vols. 8vo, 1840-5; "The Arkansas Form- Book," 8vo, 1845 ; " Statutes, &c., of the An- cient and Accepted Scottish Rite," 1859. Pike, Mrs. Frances West (Atherton), b. Prospect, Me., 1819; wife of Rev. Richard Pike. Author of "Step by Step," 1857; "Here and Hereafter," 1858; "Katharine Morris, an Autobiographv," 1858. Contrib. to the Afonlhti/ Relihy~ician of Lond., d. in 1S09. In the dis- putes between the soldiers and the people of Boston, he was the only British officer who dealt fairly with the latter. Pitcher, Thomas G., br^v. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ind West Point, 1845. 'Served in 8th Inf. through the Mexican war, and brev. 1st lieut. 20 Aug. 1847, for Contreras and Churubusco; adj. 8th Inf. 1849-54; capt. 19 Oct. 1858; brig.-gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; maj. 16th Inf. 19 Sept. 186-3 ; col. 44th Inf. 23 July, 1866; 1st Inf 15 Dec. 1870. He served in the Va. campaign June-Aug. 1862, and brev. maj. 9 Aug. 1862 for Cedar Mountain, where lie was severely wonnded, and brev. brig -gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for gallant and merit, sei-vices diir- ing the Rebellion. Superint. U.S. Milit. Acad, since 28 Aug. 1866.— Cii/Zi/m. Pitkin, TiMOTHT, LL.D. (T.C. 1829), author, b. Farmington, Ct., 21 Jan. 1766; d. N. Haven, Dee. 18, 1847. Y.C. 1785. Son of Tinio., minister of Farmington in 1752-85. A lawyer by profi-ssion ; member, and 5 times speaker, of the legisl. ; M.C. 1806-20; and again in the State legisl. He was a Federalist, and was in Congress esteemed good authority upon the political history of the country. Author of " Statistical View of the Commerce of the U.S.," 8vo, 1816, and revised in 1835 ; " Political and Civil History of the U.S.," 176.3-97, 2 vols. 8vo, 1828. He left a continu- ation of this work to the close of his ovra po- litical life, in MS. Pitkin, William, gov. of Ct. 1766-9 ; d. East Hartford, Oct. 1, 1769. Son of William, chief justice of Ct. (app. 1713), b. Middlesex, Eng., 1664; d. Hartford, Ct., Apr. 5, 1723. Meinberof the council Irom 1734; app. a judge of the Supreme Court in 1741, and lieut.-gov. and chief justice in 1754-66. In 1754 he was one of the delegates to the conv. at Albany, and one of the committee app. to prepare the plan of union which was adojjtcd on that oc- casion. Pizarro, Francisco, conqueror of Peru, b. Truxillo, Spain, ah. 1471 ; d. Lima, Juno 26, 1541. Tiiough the illegitimate sou of a gentleman by a peasant-girl, and obliged to tend hogs for a support, he possessed an un- daunted courage, and, with other adventurers, came to America. In 1510 hewas in the exped. to Uraba under Ojeda ; was with Balboa wlien he diseoi-erc'd tli- ' Pacific Ocean ; w.is afterward in sevrnil -i..!-. mum r Gov. Pedro Arias; and sett >: ihiir Panama. In 1524 he join cl li in: - nid Ltiynesin a search for hithiihi 111! I . M,, 1 4 countries; exploivd a part of the I'aci.'ic coast, and underwent ex- treme hardship. In a second attempt, in 1526, he explored a part of Peru, and entered the wealthy city of Tumb'^. Ho wont to Spain in 152s, iiii'l (il.i iMi' .1 iVom Charles V. author- ity to cull , 1 : South-Amor, empire, but wa- I ' I . 1 to find the means. After iniT'li !■ li.ii I 'lips, and unceasing per- severance, lie in 15.31, with 177 men, penetrat- ed into Peru, and perfidiously seized the mon- arch Atahualpa, who had come to the Spanish camp for a friendly interWew, and whom he cruelly .and inhumanly jiut to death. With this insignificant force, Pizarro, entering Cuz- co, the capital, in Nov. 1533, overthrew the dominion of the Peruvian incas, which ex- tended over 35 degrees of latitude, over many millions of a civilized and wealthy population, and which was sustained by large armies of wcU-disciplincd veteran soldiers. In 1538 Pi- zarro and Almagro quan-elled for the supe- riority; and the latter was defeated, and put to death ; but his son and friends, uniting against the victor, assassinated him in his palace. He founded the city of Lima. His descendants, bearing the title of Marquis of the Cnnquist, are still to be found at Tnixillo in Spain. Gon- ZALO and Hernando, his bros., assisted him in his conquest. The former rebelled against the successor of his bro. Francis, .and was executed at Cuzco in 1548. Hernando in 1540 returned to Spain, but through the in- fluence of the friends of Almagro, whom he had put to death, was for 20 years imprisoned in the fortress of Medina del" Campo, and d. ah. 1565. Pedko, a relative, wrote an "Ac- count of the Discovery and Conquest of Pera," pub. ab. 1847. Plaeide, Henut, comedian, b. Charleston, S.C., Sept. 8, 1799; d. Babylon, L.I.,.I.an. 23, 1870. Son of Alexander, a dancer and panto- mimist, who d. 1812. He was for more than 20 years a favorite in New York, where he F1.A. 723 PLXT was manager of the old Park Theatre in its palmy days. His first appearance was at Charleston when he was 9 years old. App. at the Park Theatre, N.Y., Sept. 2, 1823, as Zokiel Homespun in " The Heir-at-Law." In 183S he appeared at the Uaymarket, London, as Sir Peter Teazle. He was the original Sir Harcourt Courtly in this country. He played successful engagements in the principal cities of the U.S. and En^., and was a piime favor- ite in and long a resident of New Orleans. He took leave of the stage at the Winter Garden, New York, in 1 865, in the part of Corporal Cartouche. Thomas his bro. is a comic actor of merit. Plater, Geoege, judge of the Md. Court of Appeals; member ofthe Old Congress 1778- 81; pres. of the conv. which in 1788 ratified the U.S. Const., and gov. of Md. in 1792; d. Annapolis, Feb. 10, 1792, a. 56. W. and M. Coll. 1753. Piatt, Jonas, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1824), judge N.Y. Sup. Court, and M.C. 1799-1801 ; d. Peru, N.Y., 18-34. Pleasanton, Alfred, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Washington, U.C, Jan. 1824. West Point, 1844. Entering the 1st Dragoons, he joined the 2d in 1845; accomp. the army to the Rio Grande, and was brev. 1st lieut. for a gallant charge on the enemy's batteries at Resaca do la Palma. He afterward served in Cal., New Mexico, and Texas ; was acting assist, adj.-gen. to Gen. Harney during the Sioux exped. ; adj.-gen. in 1856-60 in his cam- p.iigu in Florida, and his operations in Kansas, Oregon, and VVashington Territories; made capt. March 3, 1855 ; acting col. 2d cav. in the fallofl861; maj. Feb. 15, 1862 ; brig.-gen. vols. July 16, 1862; maj.-gen. vols. 22 June, 1863. He served through the peninsular campaign ; took com. of Gen. Stoneman's cavalry brigade; and, when Gen. M'Ciellan crossed the Potomac in Oct., he led the vanguard. He was in the battle of Fredericksburg ; and at Chancellors- ville he saved the array after the rout of the 1 1 th corps ; he com. the cavalry at Gettysburg, and in Mo. during the Price raid, in which he did efficient service, finally routing Price at the Marais.des Cygnes. Resigned Jan. 1868. Brev. lieut.-col. U.S.A. for Aniietam, col. for Gettys- burg, brig.-gen. for campaign against Price in Mo., and maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for gallant and merit, services during the Rebellion. He after- ward embarked in manuf and mining enter- prises; was made collector of the 4th Dist in 1869; and was U.S. revenue coll. Dec. 1870 to 8 Aug. 1871. Pleasants, James, gov. of Va. 1822-5, b. 1769; d. Goochland Co. Nov. 9, 1836. Delegate to the Assembly in 1796; clerk 1803-10; M.C. in 1811-19; U.S. senator in 1819-22; and in 1829-30 a member of the State Const. Conv. Twice app. to the bench, he declined from a distrust of his qualifications. His son John Hampden d. Richmond, Va., Feb. 27, 1846, from wounds in a duel with Thos. Ritchie, jun. He was a man of disting. talents, founder of the Richmond Whig, and its chief editor 22 years. Flessis, Joseph Octave, R. C. bishop of Quebec, b. Montreal, March 3, 1762; d. Que- bec, Dec. 4, 1825. Son of a blacksmith. Ord. priest, March 11, 1786; was employed as prof, of humanity at the Coll. of St. Raphael, also as secretary to the bishop of Quebec, and curate of the capital; Sept. 6, 1797, he was made coadjutor to Bishop Denault ; Apr. 26, 1800, he was app. bishop of Canatte, in Pales- tine, with the succession to the seat at Quebec, of which he became incumbent, Jan. 17, 1806. He founded the coll. at Nicolet, as well as primary schools at Quebec. He was called by the crown to the legisl. council in 1818, and proved himself a loyal and patriotic sena- tor. In 1799 he pronounced an oration at Quebec on the occasion of the naval battle of Aboukir. — See FerlancTs Bioq., Notice of, Que- bec, 8vo, 1864. Plumer, William, lawyer and politician of N.H., b. Newburyport, Ms., June 25, 1759; d. Epping, N.H., Dee. 22, 1850. A descendant of Francis of Boston in 1634, who d. in New- bury. With his father's family he removed to Epping in 1768. Possessing a vigorous, in- quisitive mind, as well as great industry, be became one of the best scholars in the Granite State. Adm. to the bar in 1787 ; acquired an extensive practice ; was a learned and shrewd practitioner ; and for many years was solicitor for Rockingham Co. During 8 years, two of which he was speaker, he was a rep. to the State legisl. ; was subsequently in the State senate, of which body he was twice pres. ; in 1792 he was a delegate to the State Const. Conv., and was active in embodying in that instniment many of the distinctive features still pertaining to it; U.S. senator in 1802-7; gov. of N.H. 1812-13 and 1816-19. During the last 30 years of his life he gave himself up to literary pursuits, being a considerable con- tributor to the periodical press, under the sig- nature of " Cincinnatus." Author of "Ap- peal to the Old Whigs," 1805; "Address to the Clergy," 1814, &c. His Life was written by his son, and edited by Rev. A. P. Peabody, D.D., 8vo, 1856. His son William (b. Oct. 9, 1789, d. Epping, 18 Sept. 1854, H.U. 1809) was frequently in the house and senate of N.H. ; M.C. 1819-25; member of the State Const. Conv. of 1850. Pub. " Youth, or Scenes from the Past, and other Poems," 12mo, 1841 ; " Manhood," &c., a series of poems, Boston, 12nio, 1843. Plumer, William Swan, D.D., LL.D., b. Darlington, Pa., 1802. Wash. Coll., Va., 1825; Princeton Thcol. Sem. Ord. in the Presb. church in 1827; preached in various places in Va., N.C., Md., and Pa. Prof of theol. in tlie AUegh. Sem. in 1854-62, and in the Theol. Sem., Columbia, S.C., since 1866. Author of " Thoughts on Relig. Education," &c., 1836; " Argument against Indiscriminate Incorp. of Churches," 8vo, 1847; "The Bible True, and Inlidclity Wicked ; " " Plain Thoughts for Children ; " " The Church and her Enemies," 1856; "Rome against the Bible," &c., 1854; "Vital Godliness," 1865; " Jehovah Jireh," 1866; " Studies in the Book of Psalms," 8vo, 1866; "Rock of our Salva- tion," 1867; "Words of Truth and Love," &e. — Allibone. Plumley, Benjamin Rush, b. Newton, PLU FOE Pa., 1816. Autlior of " Rachel Lockwood; " "Kathaleen JUrKmi. . ; " ■ l.ivs of the Earl^ Quakers," in th A . nnd of "Ori- ental Ballad'^, ' .\ I l.i li, ,in," &c., in the Atlantic Month'', .mi Ai, _/._, /.j./.r; ; and is a contrib. to periodicals. — AUibone. Flummer, Gen. Joseph B., b. Barre, Ms., in 1820; d. Corinth, Mpi., Aug. 9, 1862. West Point, 1841. Entering the Ist Inf., he became 1st lieut. March 15, 1848; capt. May 1, 1832 ; and maj. 8th Inf. Apr. 25, 18G2. He served with distinction in Florida and Mexico ; rendered valuable service to Gen. Lyon in the capture of Camp Jackson, Mo., May 10, 1861 ; com. a battalion of regulars in the battle of Wilson's Creek, Mo., Aug. 10, and was severely wounded ; became col. 1 1 th Mo. Vols. 25 Sept. 1861 ; com. at Cape Girardeau, Mo., and de- feated Jeff. Thompson at Fredericktown, Mo., Oct. 21, killing 158, and capturing 42 prisoners and one cannon ; was made brig.-gen. Oct. 22, 1861 ; participated iu the capture of New Ma- drid and Island No. 10, and served under Gen. Pope in the campaign near Corinth, Mpi., until July, 1862. Plympton, Joseph, col. U.S.A., b. Sud- bury, Ms , March 24, 1787 ; d. Stateu Island, June 5, 1860. App. licut. 4th Inf. Jan. 3, 1SI2 ; eapt. June, 1821 ; maj. 2d Inf. Sept. 22, 1840; lieut.-col. 7th Inf. Sept. 9, 1846; col. 1st Inf. June 9, 1853. Disting. on the North- ern frontier in the war-of 1812-15 ; com. in at- tack on Seminole Indians, near Dunn's Lake, Fla., Jan. 23, 1842 ; com. his regt. through the campaign of Gen. Scott in Mexico ; and won brevets for gallantry at Cerro Gordo and Con- treras. Pocahontas, the celebrated daughter of the Indian chief Powhatan, b. ab. 1595; d. Gravesend, Eng., March, 1617. She discov- ered tlie warmest friendship for the colonists of Va., which was remarkably displayed in 1607, when Capt. John Smith was taken pris- oner, and about to be put to death. She inter- posed herself between the uplifted war-club and the intended victim, and prcyaiied upon her father to spare his life. ( Considerable doubt has been thrown u])on this romantic story by Mr. ('\\.y:]' T I. Ill : - e Preface to his ed. of Smiths r l: : :l.m," and Rev. E. D. Neiir~ 1' > I <-'omp. of Loud.") She was Mil.- i]ii' !i:l'. :i Irriiuent visitor to the set- tlements, to which she furnished provisions in times of great need. Informed in 1609 of an intended plot to destroy Smith and his party, she ventured alone through the forest at mid- night to disclose it to Smith. Ab. the year 1612, while on a Wsit to Japazaws, cliicf of the Potomac, the latter sold her to Capt. Argall for a copper kettle ; and, while a negotiation was pending with her father for her ransom, she was m. at Yorktpwn, Apr. 1613, to Mr. 'Thomas Rolfe, an Englishman of respectable character, with whom early in 1616 she em- barked for Eng., where she was baptized, ex- changing her Indian name for that of Rebecca. In London she received a visit from her former friend, Capt. Smith, who, for some unknown inirpose, she had been taught to believe was dead. She was introduced to the nobility and gentry by Smith, and was introduced at court by Lady De la War. Mr. Rolfe was app. sec. and rccorder-gen. of Va. After a short residence in England, as she was ab. to embark from Gravesend, in company with her husband, to revisit her native land, she d. at the age of 22, leaving one son, who was educated by his uncle ill London, and aftenvards became a wealthy and disting. character in Virginia. Poe, Adam, D.D., a Meth. clergyman, b. Columbiana Co., 0., July 21, 1804; d. June 26, 1868. His youth was spent on his father's fai-m. He became an itinerant in 1826; was adm. to the annual conf. in 1827 ; was a circuit preacher until 1835 ; pres. elder of the Wooster dist. 1835-9 ; was stationed at Mansfield and Delaware, and presided over different districts from 1839 to 1852 ; assist, agent of the Western Book Concern 1 852-60 ; and became principal agent in 1860. Dr. Poe was one of the best- known clergymen of his denomination ; took a deep interest in education ; and may almost be smd to have founded the 0. Wesleyan Confer- ence. Poe, Edgar Allan, poet, b. Baltimore, Jan. 1811; d. there Oct. 7, 1849. His father, who was the son of David Poe, a disting. offi- cer of the Md. line of the Revol. army, was a lawyer, but, marrjing an actress, went himself upon the stage; and in a few years both died, leaving 3 young children entirely destitute. Edgar was adopted by a wealthy citizen of Richmond, John Allan ; was 4 or 5 years at a school at Stoke Newington, near London ; and was afterwards expelled from the U. of Va. for conduct. He set out \ their struggle for indep. in Europe rctnrnr.l hm influence, rri > : I i . ignominious 1. ■ ■ months, he v, .i- i.i lu, > who was, hu\ve%er, euiii join the Greeks i id after a year's stay niicl, by Mr. Allan's ' i]' at West Point; • the end of ten iMil by Mr. Allan, ed to turn him out of doors on account of his conduct towards his wife. In 1 829 he pub. " Al AaraalT Tamerlane, and minor Poems." Not succeeding at first in the pursuit of literature as a profession, he enlisted as a private soldier, but soon deserted. He next competed successfully for two prizes of f 100 each, offered by an editor in Baltimore. J. P. Kennedy the novelist relieved his desti- tution, and procured him the editorship of the Southern Lit. Meisnirjer at Richmond. While here he m. his cousin Virginia Clemm, with whom, after being dismissed for his excesses by the publisher of the Messenger, he removed to New York in Jan. 1837. Here, in 1838, lie pub. " The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym;" then edited P.urton's Gentleman's Mai;, one year at Phila. ; edited Graham's Mag. for a year; in 1840 pub. "Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque ; " and pub. in N. York, in Feb. 1845, the poem of " The Raven," which made him famous. He then edited the Broadwaii Journal, but was so poor, that public appeals for pecuniary aid were made in his be- half by the ncws])apers. His wife died, and in 1849 he went to Richmond, where he formed an engagement with a lady of considerable for- tune ; but, before the day app . for their mar- riage, he d. in Baltimore of dtlirium tremeii.! -Ji. and shared in the victory ■:,: ' i hui ; lur disobedience of orders )ii lu- nui,.-, ,s ntix-by, as was asserted in Bragg .■> ollicjal report, the federal army was alone saved from annihila- tion, he was relieved from his com., and placed under arrest. App. lieut.-gen. early in 1863; in the winter and spring of 1864 lie had tem- porary charge of the Dept. of the M])i. By skilful dispositions, he prevented the junction of Gens. Smith and Sherman in Southern Mpi., and took com. of a corps in Johnston's army which opposed the advance of Sherman to Atlanta, participating in tlie chief engage- ments. He was killed by a cannon-shot while reconnoitring near Marietta, Ga. He had never resigned his diocese, and intended after the war to resume his episcopal functions. Polk, Tbdsten, politician, b. Sussex Co., Del., May 29, 1811. Y.C. 1831. He studied law at the Yale Law School, and began prac- tice in St. Louis in 1835. Member ol the State Const. Conv. 1845; gov. of Mo. 1857; U.S. senator 1857-63, expelled for disloyalty 10 Jan. 1862. Pollard, Edwaed a., editor Richmond Examiner, and from 1867 to May, 1869, the Southern Oinnion, weekly, at Richmond. Au- thor of " Blark Diamonds," 1859 ; " Southern Hist, of the War," 3 vols. 8vo, 1863-5 ; " Eight Months in Prison," &c., 1865; " The Lost Cause," 8vo, 1866; "Lee and his Lieutenants," 8vo, 1867 ; " The Lost Cause Regained," 1868; "Life of Jefferson Davis," 8vo, 186',t; " Va. Tourist." Son of Maj. Richard, soldier and diplomatist, d. Washington, D. C, Feb. 1851. App. capt. 20th Inf. April 14, 1812; St Inf. "■- • - " - ■ I Chili, 1835. maj. 21st Inf. Dec. 14, 1813; duinj^ d'affaires X PoUoek, James, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1855), b. Pa. N.J. Coll. 1831. Practised law ; app. judge of C.C.P.; M.C. froniPa. 1843-9; gov. 185.5-8; deleg. to Peace Cong. March, 1861. Pomeroy, Benjamin, D.D. (U.C. 1774), minister of Hebron, Ct., from Dec. 1735, to his d., Dec. 22, 1784; b. Suflield, 1704. Y.C. 1733. Eltweed, his ancestor, settled at Wind- sor in 1633. During Whitefield's revival, ho preached with great zeal and power. He was for 7 years deprived of his stated salary for preaching in disregard of the laws of Ct. Chap- lain in the French and Revol. wars ; an excel- lent scholar, a man of real genius, and one of the best preachers of his day. — Sjiraoue. Pomeroy, John Norton, LL.D. (U. of Vt. 1861), dean of the Law (School, and prof, of polit. science, U. of N.Y., b. Rochester, N.Y., ab. 1826. Author of " Introd. to Muni- cipal Law," 8vo, 1864; "Introd. to U.S. Constitutional Law," 8vo, 1868; contrib. on Criminal Procedure to N. A. Review, April, 1861, and Jan. 1862. Pomeroy, Gen. Seth ; d. Peekskill, N. Y.. Feb. 1777. Son of Ebenezer, and grandson of Deacon Medad Pomeroy, and re- sided in Northampton, Ms. ; engaging, while jonng, in military duties. Capt. in 1744; maj. at the capture of Louisburg in 1745 ; in 1755 he was lieut.-col. in Williams's regt., from whose death he was chief commander in the battle with Dieskau. His regt. was the most pruiniiient, and suffered most, in gaining the vietoiT at Lake George. He was a delegate to the Prov. Cong, in 1774-5; in Oct. 1774 was chosen with Preble and Ward a general officer, and in Feb. 1775 a brig.-gen. He fought as a private soldier at Bunker's Hill, and was in the hottest of the fight. His app. as senior briga- dier by Congress, a few days after, causing some difficulty in the adjustment of questions of rank, he declined it, and soon after retired to his farm. In the following year, however, when N. J. was overrun by the enemy, he headed the militia of his neighborhood, and marched to the Hudson River. He was an ingenious and skilful mechanic, and manuf. of arms, and was a zealous and devoted patriot. His son Lemuel, 40 years in the Icgisl., d. Southampton, Dec. 1819, a. 82. Ponce de Leon (pOn'-tha da la-6n), Jdan, the Spanish discoverer of Florida; d. Cuba, 1521. He disting. himself in the war with the Moors of Granada ; accomp. Colum- bus on his second exped. in 1498 ; and became com. of the eastern province of Hispaniola. Sent by Ovando in 1509 to conquer the Island of Porto Rico, he amassed there great wealth, and hearing of an island situated to the north, in which was a miraculous fountain which could restore youth to the aged, he sailed in quest of it to the Bahamas in Mar 1512. He failed to find the fountain, but landed, 8 April, 151 11, sMiiir ijiilrs llwrtll ol the site ot St, Augus- tine, nik.ii' |.n.„,.i n Ihr„a.». .itthcKing of .^|iiiii 111- rnii~e-l ili.Ti' -ii)nr months, douM il ( .ijH- M„iiila,,-;iilr,l Mmm^ the Tortu- gas, and returned to IVirtu Rieo, leaving one of his men to eontinue the search. Returning to Spain in 151.'), he reeeived from Ferdinand permission to U he led an unsuc- cessful expe'; ■ il ' II il.. Indians. Pro- ceeding in lij ; I 1 1 — ^-ion of his prov- ince, he eueoii.iir;, 1 iIp' (Irierinined hostility of the natives, was driven back to his ships mortally wounded, and d. soon after his arrival in Cuba. Pond, Enoch, D.D., author, b. Wrentham, Ms, July 29, 1791. B.U. 1813. He studied theology with Dr. Emmons; was licensed to preach June, 1S14; ord. pastor of the Cong, church, Auburn, Ms., March 1, 1815; and dis- missed in 1828 to become the conductor of the Spirit of the Pilgrims, a monthly pub. in Bos- ton. ■ He was prof, of theology in the sera, at Bangor from Sept. 18.32 to "1856, when he became pies. prof, of eccles. history, and lecturer on pastoral duties. He has pub. reviews of " Judson on Baptism," " Monthly Concert Lectures," 1824; "Memoir of Pres. Davies," 1827; of "Susanna Anthony," 1827; of " Count Zinzen.lorf," 1839; of "John Wick- litfc," 1841 ; " Morning of the Reformation," 727 1842 ; " No Fellowship with Romanism," 1843; "The Mather Family" and "The Young Pastor's Guide," 1844 ; " The World's Salvation," 1845 ; " Popeand Pajjan," a " Re- view of Swedenborgianism," and " Plato," 1846 ; " Life of Increase Mather " and " Sir Wm. Phipps," 1847 ; " The Church," 1848 ; a review of Bushncll's "God in Christ," 1849; "The Ancient Church," 1851; "Memoir of John Knox," 1856 ; " The Wreck andRe>cne," 1858; "Bangor Lectures on Pastoral Theol.," 1866; "Lectures on Christian Theoloixy," 8vo, 1868; "Prize Essay on Congregational- ism." Sept. 1867. Pont Briand, Henki Dd Briel, db, 6th and last bishop of Canada under the French dominion, b. Vannes, France, 1709; d. Mon- treal, June 8, 1760. Conscc. April 9, and ar- rived at Quebec Aug. 17, 1741. On the approach of the English to Quebec, in 1759, he issued a Pastoral Letter, which is in Smith's " History ol Canada." Ponte, Lorenzo da, an Italian poet, b. Ceneda, Venice, Mar. 10, 1749 ; d. New York, Aug. 17, 1838. He was well educated. Was 2 years prof, of rhetoric in the Sem. of Ponta Guadio ; then removed to Venice, and, in con- sequence of a satirical sonnet against Count Pisani, was exiled. He went to Vienna, where he became Latin sec. to Joseph II. ; wrote for the Italian theatres of Vienna and Prague ; and produced the librettos of a number of operas, among them "Don Giovanni" and " Nozzi di Figaro." He passed several years at London as poet and sec. of the Italian Opera, under the management of Taylor. In 1805 he came to America, tctching his native language and literature in New York ; in his 80th year he was app. prof of Italian in Col. College. Be- sides dramas, he is the author of Memoirs of his own Life, 3 vols. N.Y., 1823 ; of a number of sonnets, and of translutions of Byron's " Prophecy of Dante," and of Dodsley's " Even- ing of Human Life." He jjossessed a tall and imposing form, and a head of antique beauty, with a |irol'usion of flowing hair. His son Lorenzo L., prof of the Italian lang. and lit. in the U. of N.Y, b. Lond. 1805, d. N.Y. City, 28 Jan. 1S40. Authorof" History of the Flor- entine Republic," 2 vols. 8vo, N.Y. 1833 ; and " Almachide," a tragedy, 1830. Pontiae, chief of the Ottawas, b. on the Ottawa River, 1720 ; d. 1769. He settled near Michilimacinac, and was an ally of the French. In 1746, at the head of a body of Indians, mostly Ottawas, he successfully defended Detroit, then a French possession, against the attacks of some hostile northern tribes. He is supposed to have led the Ottawas at Braddock's defeat fc 1755. In 1760, Maj. Rogers, with a detach- ment, took posscs.-ion of the western posts un- der the treaty of Paris. Hating the English, t\(e discontent of the Indians was increased by injudicious usage ; and Pontiae, at the close of 1762, sent messengers to the different nations, proposing that in May, 1763, they should rise, massacre the English garrisons, and destroy the frontier settlements. 9 forts were attacked on the same day, and their garrisons either massacred or dispersed. Pontiae himself was to attack Detroit ; but, his intention being discovered, he besieged it, and, to obtain food for his war- riors, issued promissory-notes drawn upon birch- bark, and signed with the figure of an otter, which were all redeemed. The siege lasted from May 12 to Oct. 12, when it was raised, and the Indians sued for peace. Pontiae, unsub- dued, endeavored to stir up the Indians on ihe Miami and in other places, and applied in vain for aid from the French com. at New Orleans. His followers gradually fell off; and in 1766 he formally submitted to the English rule. He was killed by an Illinois Indian at Cahokia, opposite St. Louis, while drunk. — See Uistori/ o/' the Coiispiraci/ of Pontine bi/ F. ParJcmtin, iSM. Poole, William Fredkrice, b. Salem, Ms., 1821. Y.C. 1S49. Librarian Bost. Mer. Lib. 1852-6, an I .i ti' 1'. .- Aihenteum 1856- 69; nowofi! i I uy. Authorof "IndextoSu!. ): in'il Periodicals," 8vo, 1848; " 1 . > . :■■ 1 ■ i liral Literature," 8vo, 1853 ; " The Battle of the Dictionaries," 8vo, 1856 ; " Websterian Orthography," 1857 ; "The Orthogra])hical Hobgoblin," 1859; " The Mather Papers," 1868 ; " Cotton Mather Poor, Charles H., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Cambridge, Ms., June 9, 1808. Midshipm. Mar. 1, 1823; lieut. Dec.31,1833; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. I July, 1862; commo. Jan. 2, 1863; rear-adm. Sept. 20, 1868; retired 9 June, 1870. He com. exped. of sailors and marines to re-enforce Fort Pickens in 1861 ; frigate " Roanoke," N. Atlantic block, squad., 1861-2 ; com. " The Saranac," Pacific squad., 1863-5 ; com. the N. All. squad. Aug. 19, 1869. Poor, Daniel, D.D., missionary to India, b. Danvers, Ms., June 27, 1789 ; d. of cholera at Jaffria, Ceylon, Feb. 3, 1855. D.C. 1811 ; And. Sem. 1814. He sailed from Newbury- port with other missionaries, Oct. 23, 1815 ; arrived at Colombo in Cevlon, Mar. 23. 1816; resided a while at Tillipaliy, afterward at Bar- ricotta, where he opened a" scientific sem. ; re- moved to Madura in Mar. 1836 ; returned home in Sept. 1848; spent about two years in the employ of the A.B.C.F.M., visiting various parts of the country, delivering addresses, and otherwise stimulating missionary enterprise, returning to Ceylon in 1850. Authorof vari- ous publications in the Tamil and English languages. Poor, Enoch, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. Andover, Ms., 1736 ; killed in a duel with a French officer, near Hackensack, N. J., Sept. 8, 1780. Sonof Thomas, andgrandson of Daniel Poor, one of the first settlers of Andover. After receiving a common-school education at that place, he removed to Exeter, N.H., where he engaged in commercial pursuits. Imme- diately after the battle of Lexington, the Prov. Assembly app. him col. Upon the evacuation of Boston, his regt. was ordered to N.Y., and thence to join in tlie invasion of Canada. He was one of the officers who remonstrated in writing against the abandonment of Crown Point. Feb. 21, 1777, he was app. a brig.-gen. ; served in that capacity in the battles with Bur- goyne, after whose surrender he joined the army under Washington ia Pa. He was a participator POO 728 POF in the movements in the vicinity of the Dela- ware, as well as in the sufferings and destitution of Valley Forge ; disting. himself at the battle of Monmouth in 1778, and in 1779 accomp. Sullivan in his exped. against the Indians of the Six Nations. When the corps of light in- fantry was formed in Aug. 1780, it was ar- ranged into two brigades, one of which was com. by Poor, and placed under the orders of Lafayette, by whom he was highly esteemed. Washington, in announcing his death to Con- gress, says he was " an officer of distinguished merit, who, as a citizen and a soldier, had every claim to the esteem of his country." Poor, John Alfred, lawyer, father of the railroad system of Me., b. Andover, Me., 8 Jan. 1808; d. Portland, 5 Sept. 1871, a. 63. At first a lawyer in Bangor, and afterward in Portland. Some years editor of the S'ale of Maine, newspaper^ and some time a member of the Me. legisl. Originator of the European and N.A. Railroad, and pres. of the proposed Portland, Rutland, and OswefiO Railroad. An active member of the Me. Hist. Soc, under whose auspices he pub. in 1862 " A Vindica- tion of the Claims of Sir F. Gorges," &c. ; and he del. the address at the Popham celeb. in 1SG8. Poore, Besj.\min Perley, journalist and author, b. Newbury, Ms., Nov. 2, 1820.,^ He w;is two years in a printing-office; pub. and edited the :ioiithem IVA1V7, Athens, Ga., 18-38- 40; attache to H. W. Hilliard, Brussels, 1S41; hist, agent of Ms. in France, 1844-8, and com- piled 10 folio vols, of important documents, 1492-1780; foreign corresp. of Boston Atlas, 1843-8 ; editor Boston Daily Bee, and editor and proprietor of the American Sentinel, 18.50 ; Washington corresp. Bost. Journal since 1854, under the signature of "Perley;" sec. U.S. A^ric. Soc, and editor of its journal, since 1854. Author of "Life of Gen. Taylor," 1848 ; " Rise and Fall of Louis Philippe, "'l848 ; " Early Life of Napoleon," 1851 ; Novellettcs, repuh. from Gleason's Pictorial; " Agricnit. Hist, of Essex Co., Ms.-;" "The Conspiracy Trial," 1865; "Congressional Directory,' \m7. — Allibone. Pope, Charles A., M.D., surgeon, b. Huntsville, Ala.. 15 Mar. 1818; d. Paris, Mo., 6 July, 1 870. He graduated at the universities of Ala. and of Pa., and attended a course of lectures at the Cincin. Med. Coll. After 2 years of travel and study abroad, he settled in St. Louis in 1841 ; gained a large practice, and filled successively the chairs of anatomy and surgery in the St. Louis U. He aided in found- ing the St. Louis Med. Coll., and devoted much time and labor to promote the cause of education. Pres. Amer. Med. As.soc. in 1853. Pope, John, politician, b. Pr. William Co., Va., ah. 1770; d. Washington Co., Ky., July 12, 1845. Losing an arm by accident, he deter- mined to study law; settled in Shelby Co., and afterward in Lexington, Ky. ; manv vcars in the Kv. legisl.; U.S. senator 1807-13; M.C. 1837-43; gov. Ark. Terr. 1 829-35 ; pres. pro tern. U.S. Senate 1811. — Collins's Hi«t. Ky. Pope, John, commo. U.S.N., b. Ms. Mid- shipm. JIaySO, 1816; lieut. Apr. 28,1826; com. Feb. 15, 1843; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; commo. (retired list) July 16, 1862. He com. brig "Dolphin," coast of Africa, 1646-7; sloop " Vandalia," E.L squad., 1853-6 ; steam- sloop " Richmond, " Gulf squad., 1861 ; prize commis., Boston, 1864-5; light-house insp. Pope, John, brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ky. Mar. 16, 1823. West Point, 1S42. His father, Judgs Nathaniel (b. Va. 1785, d. St. Louis, Mo., 23 Jan. 1850), was a lawyer at Vandalia, 111.; a, deleg. to Congress from Bl. Terr, in 1816-18 ; register of the land-office at Edwardsvillc, HI., 1818; app. judge U.S. Dist. Court of 111. 1819. John entered the topog. engs. ; was attached to the army of Gen. Taylor; was brcv. 1st lieut. for Monterey, and capt. for Bueua Vista, Feb. 23, 1S47. Ik' conducted the Minnesota explor- ing r\|„;i iiil-ri-:>n: th.ii that to test the fea- road. In 1854-'J li^ v, ,,- . .;,aring terms, and was court-martialled ; but the matter was dropped. Hewasone oftheofficerswhoescorted Mr. Lincoln to Washington ; was made brig.-gen. vols. May 17, 1861 ; and app. to a com. in Mo., where his operations were very successful. In an engagement at the Blackwater, Dec. 13, he routed the enemy, and took a number of pris- oners. In Feb. 1862, Gen. Halleck intrusted him with the com. of the land-force destined to co-operate with Flag-Officer Foote's flotilla. Marching on New Madrid, he captured that place, Mar. 13 ; and, after the surrender of Island No. 10 (Apr. 8), took alargenumber ol prisoners; Mar. 21, 1862, he became maj.-gen. of vols. ; in April he took com. of a grand divis- ion of Gen. Halleck's army ; vigorously pur- sued the enemy in retreat from Corinth"; and was summoned to Wasliington to take com. of the Armv of Va. June 27, 1862; made brig.- gen. U.S.A. July 14. Aug. 17 and 18 Gen. Pope drew back his whole force across the Rap- pahannock; from this date, for 15 days, Gen. Pope, re-enforced by a part of the Arm^ of the Potomac, fought continuously a superior force of the enemy under Lee, on the line of the Rap- pahannock, at Manassas Junction, at Groveton, and Chantilly. He withdrew his force behind Difficult Creek, and thence within the fortifica- tions of Wa-shinston ; and, Sept. 3, was at his own request relieved of the com. of the Army of Va , and assigned to that of the Dept. of the North-west. In Dec. he testified at Washing- ton before the court-martial on Fitz-John Porter, accused by him of misconduct before the enemy at the second battle of Bull Run. Brcv. raai.-gen. U.S.A. 1.3 Mar. 18G5 for cap- ture of Island No. 10. Author of "Explora- tions from the Red River to the Rio Grande," in " Pacif. R.R. Reports," vol. 3 ; " The Campaign in Va. of July and Aug. 1862," 8vo, 1863. Popham, George, pres. of the first com- pany of settlers in New England; d. 5 Feb. 1608. He sailed from Plymouth, Eng., 31 May, 1607, with 2 ships and 100 men. Popham com- manded one ship, and Raleigh Gilbert, nephew POP 729 POR of Sir Walter Raleigh, the other. Aug. 1 5 they landed at tlie mouth of the Sagadahock or Ken- nebec River, " on a western peninsula ; " and a storehouse was built, vrith a fort, which was called Fort St. George. After the death of Popham, the colonists returned home, having, as Smith says, "found nothing but extreme extremities." His bro. Sir JoHS, lord chief justice of the King's Bench, a promoter of the settlement of America, b. Somersetshire, 1531, d. 10 June, 1607. He became chief justice ab. 1592. Sir Francis Popham was a patentee of N. England, and a member of parliament in 1 620. — See Memorial Volume of the Popham Celebration. Popkin, JoHK Snelung, D.D. (H. U. 1815), clergyman and scholar, b. Boston, June 19, 1771 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., March 2, 1S52. Son of Col. John, Revol. officer. H.U. 1792. He exercised the vocation of a teacher for a short time in Woburn and in Cambridge ; and was Greek tutor at H.U in 1795-8. Member of the Am. Academy. Ord. pastor of the Fed- eral-street Church, Boston, July 10, 1799; dis- missed Nov. 28, 1802 ; installed pastor of the First Church in Newbury, Sept. 19, ISOl; dis- missed Oct. 5, 1315, having accepted the app. of prof, of Greek in H.U. In 1826-33 he was Eliot professor of Greek literature. During his ministry, he pub. a number of sermons of a high character. An interesting vol. of his pro- ductions has appeared, consisting of lectures, and extracts from sermons, with a Memoir of his Life by C. C. Felton, 1852. Porter, Alexander J., jurist and senator, b. near Armagh, Ireland, 1786; d. Attakapas, La., Jan. 13, 1 844. His father fell in the rebel- lion of 1798. He came to the U.S. in 1801; en- gaged in mercantile occupations in Nashville, Tenn. ; but, having studied law, was in 1807 adm. to the bar. The defects of his early edu- cation were remedied by his own individual efforts; and by his industry and talent he attt.ained the front rank of jurists and politi- cians. Removing to St. Mai-tinsville, La., in 1810, he was active in forming the State const. in 181 1 ; became a judge of the Supreme Court in 1821; and was U.S. senator in 1834-7. Re-elected in 1 843, ill health prevented his tak- ing his seat. A Whig in politics, he voted to censure Pres. Jackson for the removal of the deposits; favored Calhoun's motion to reject petitions for the abolition of slavery in tjic Dist. of Col. ; favored the division among the States of the surplus revenue, and the recognition of the independence of Texas. To the labors of Judges Porter, Matthews, and Martin, is due the system of jurisprudence at present existing in Louisiana. Porter, Ges. Andrew, Revol. oiUcer, b. Worcester, Montgomery Co., Pa., Sept. 24, 1743; d. Harrisburg, Nov. 16, 1813. He taught a school at Phila. from 1767 till June 19, 1776, when he was made by Congress a capt. of marines, and ordered on hoard the frig- ate " Effingham ; " transferreil soon after to the art., in which, from his previous studies, he was qualified to be eminently useful ; he served with great reputation for science and l>ravery ; was in 1 782 promoted to major ; and at the end of the war was col. of the 4th or Pa. Art. He was engaged at Trenton, Princeton, Brandy- wine, and Germantown. In the latter action nearly all his company were killed or taken prisoners; and in the first, he received on the field, in person, the commendation of Washing- ton. Detached in Apr. 1 779 to join the exped. of Sullivan, against the Indians, he suggested to Gen. Clinton the ideaof damming the outlet of Otsego Lake, by which means the water was raised sufficiently to enable the troops to be transported by boats to Tioga Point. In 1 784- 8 he was a commiss. for running the State boundary-lines; was in 1800 made brig.-gen. of State militia, and soon after maj.-gen. ; and in 1809 was app. surv.-gen. of Pa. He de- clined, on account of his advanced age, the of- fices of brig.-gen. in the army, and sec. at war of the U.S., offered him by Madison during the war of 1812. Of his sons, George B. d. gov. of Michigan, David R. was gov. of Pa., and Gen. James M. sec. of war. — Ror/ers. Porter, Benjamin F., jurist, b. Charles- ton, S.C, Bept. 1808. He was self-educated. Was adm. to the bar in Charleston at an early age, afterward studied medicine, which in 1830 he practised in Ala., but returned to the law, and was chosen to the legisl. in 18.32 ; and was in 1835 reporter of the State. In 1840 he was elevated to the bench, but, doubting the constitutionality of his election, resigned the office. He edited 14 vols, of the Ala. Reports, and translated the " Elements of the Institutes " of Heineccius. He has also contrib. to period- icals ; has been frequently an orator on public occasions; and has pub., among otiierworks, a collection of poems, chiefly lyrical, in Charles- ton. Porter, David, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1811), minister of Spencertown 1787-1803, and of Catjkill, N.Y., 1803-31, b. Hebron, Ct., 27 May, 1761; d.Catskill,Jan.7, 1851. D.C. 1784. He served neaily a year in the Revo), army. He pub. " Dissertation on Baptism," 1809, and some sermons. Agent of several benev. societies; member of the A.B.C.F.M., and, though eccen- tric, a man of great influence. — Sprai/ue. Porter, David, commodore U.S.N., b. Boston, Feb. 1, 1780; d. Pera, near Constan- tinople, March 3, 1843. Midsliipm. Apr. 16, 1798; lieut. Oct. 8, 1799; master com. Apr. 20, 1806; capt. July 2, 1812. His father Capt. David com. a Boston merchant-ship, and was actively engaged in the Revol. ; afterward removed to Baltimore, and, engaging in the W. India trade, introduced his son to the naval career at the age of 16. The son served in '• The Constellation " during her famous ac- tion with " The Insurgente " in Feb. 1799 : his good conduct in the action, and in securing the prize, caused his promotion soon after. In Jan. 1800, he was wounded in an engagement with a pirate off St. D^omingo; in Aug. 1801 he was 1st lieut. of the schooner " Enterprise," which captured a Tripolilan cruiser of supe- rior force. While 1st lieut. of the flag-ship " New York," he com. a boat exped. which destroyed several feluccas laden with wheat under the batteries of Tripoli, and was again wounded ; transferred to " The Philadel- phia," which was captured while aground in the harbor of Tripoli in Oct. 1803, he was 18 vliilc of m com. n ly imnished 12 :, attacked him >i tlie small frig- -ailcJ from New lal valuable cap- Spa,.,.;, ._,,.,...:,. .,:: York, July \ lSV2'^m tures, and took, after an action of 8 minutes, H.B.M. ship "Alert" of 20 guns,— the first ship-of-war taken in the contest. Dec. 12, he captured the British govt, packet " Nocton," with $55,000 in specie ; and, at the close of Jan. 1813, sailed to the Pacific, where he captured a number of British whaling and trading ves- sels. March 28, 1814, " The Essex " was cap- tured after a severe fight in the neutral port of Valparaiso by the British frigate " Phoebe " (36) and " The Cherub" (28). He pub. a narra- tive of this remarkable cruise (N.Y. 2 vols. 8vo, 1822). From 1815 to 1823 he was one of the navy coramiss., and in the latter year com. a successful exped. to sup])res3 piracy in the Gulf of Mexico. Subsequently made cogni- sant of an insult to the American flag at B'ox- ardo in Porto Rico, he obliged the authorities to make an apology. This led to his recall, to court-martial for transgressing orders, and sen- tence of suspension for 6 months. He resigned Aug. 18, 1826, entered the Mexii'an navy as com.-chief, but in 1829 took the U S. consul- ship to Algiers. Upon the occupation of Al- giers by France, he was made chanj^ d'af- faires to Constantinople, and subsequently resi- dent minister. His corresp. with a friend in Now York was pub. in 1835 as " Constantinople and its Environs." While in Turkey, Porter negotiated several important treaties, and held his position as minister till his death. He was a humane as well as a brave man, and a superior seaman. — Duyddnk. Porter, David D.,adm. U.S.N., younger son of tlie preceding, b. Phila. June, 1813. Miilsliipm. Feb. 2, 1829; lieut. 27 Feb. 1841 ; com. 22 A)ir. 1861 ; was attached to tlie coast- survey in 1836-40; and in "The Congress" cruised in Mediterranean and Brazilian waters 4 years. In 1845 he was ordered to the Wash- ington Observatory. During the Mexican war he had chargeof the naval rendezvous at N. Or- leans ; was present at Vera Cruz, Tuspun, and Tabasco, also in land-fights at Tamultee and ChiHon ; then returned to the coast-survey ; in 1849-53 com. successively the Cal. mail- steamers " Panama" and " Georgia;" and in 1861 was sent in the steam-sloop " Powhatan " to Pensacola to join the Gulf block, squad. In the exped. against New Orleans early in 1862, he was placed in charge of a flotilla of 21 mor- tar-boats and several steamers, with which he CO operated with Flag-Oflicer Farragut in the capture of the Mpi. forts and the unsuccessful siege of Vicksburg. He was afterward ordered withhisflotilla to the James River; and in Oct. took com. of the Mpi. gunboat fleet with the rank of ivctin'; rcar-adni. • In Jan. 1863 bis fleet i,i: ■,n 1 \i ! ,i,,-:i^ Post, and, Apr. 29, de- stri,\. I u- batteries at Grand Gulf. I)ii,,i: ii, \',cksburg, his mortar-fleet tbnw -ii i^ ii,:ri \\ir city and works 40 days without iiitLTmi.ssion. Made rear-adm. July 4, 1863, for the capture of Vickshurg. While'co- operating with Gen Banks's Red-river exped. in Apr. 1864, his fleet was saved at Grand Ecore by the skill of Lieut.-Col. Bailey, who constructed a dam across the river, giving suf- ficient water for their passage over the bar. Ordered to the com. of the N.A. block, squad., he attacked Fort Fisher, N.C., in Dec. 1864, and again in Jan. 1865 when captured by as- sault. Vice-adm. July 25, 1866; adm. 17 Oct. 1870; supt. Naval Acad. 1866-70. Porter, David R., gov. of Pa. 1839-45, b. Pa. 1788; d. Harrisburg, Pa., Aug. 6, 1867. Son of Gen. And, ew. He was a lawyer ; often a member of nrh hrnnrh nf the State legisl., and was cxtr,, i, < ■. - ;: , i| in the manuf. of iron. Cba,-. ■ : : ; >,,iy in his election asgov. in If-.)-. ,i: i'.n ,, ( i i . ^;ave rise to much feeling in tlic uigaiuiaiiuji uf the legisl. ; and disgraceful proceedings at the State capital, since famous as the " Buckshot War," were the consequence. Porter, Ebenezer, D.D. (D.C. 1814), pres. And. Thiol. Sem. 1827-34, b. Cornwall, Ct., Oct. 5, 1772; d. Andovor, Apr. 8, 1834. D.C. 1792. His father Thos. Porter, a f;vrmcr and a prominent politician, removed in 1779 with his family to Tinmouth, Rutland Co., Vt. He taught school some months ; then studied divinity ; and Sept 6, 1796, was ord. pastor of the Cong, clim-ch at Washington, Ct. His health becoming impaired, he removed in Apr. 1812 to Andover as prof, of sacred rhetoric. Dr. Porter pub., beside many occas. sermons, "The Young Preacher's Manual," 1819; " Analysis of Vocal Inflection," 1 824 ; " Anal- ysis of Rhetorical Delivery," 1827; "Rh(> torical Reader and Exercises," 1831 ; " Sylla bus of Lectures," 1832; an "Abridgment of Owen on Spiritual Mindedness," 18.33; "Lec- tures on Homiletics and Preaching," 1834, and on "Public Prayer; " together with "Sermons and Addresses," and an abridgment of Owcb on the 130th Psalm. Since his death, " Tha Biblical Reader," and "Lectures on Eloquence and Style," liave also bi-en publi. |.ns. in 1821-6. In 1815 he again visited Europe for his health. lie was for 30 years consulting physician of the N.Y. Hospital, and was a member of the most prominent literary socie- ties of the city. Postell, Col. Benjamin, Revol. officer of St. Bartholomew's parish; d. Charleston, S.C., Jan. 1801, a. 41. In 1775 he was made a lieut. 1st S.C. Kegt., and, on the capture of Charleston in 1780, was sent to St. Augustine, suffering from brutal treatment during his cap- tivity of 11 months; alteiuard a mcmlier of tlie State legisl., and r,-; >,i :!:.( ■,,;:, .(..a i \,. regt. With his 111" , * i I- i ■, I'"- 1 i : i , !,a rendered good sn \ Jan. 29, 1781, the lath l- rajaai . ,i aaar Monk's Corner 40 British regulars. Cul. J.imes Pos- TELL, also a disting. partisan under Marion, d. near Coosawatchie, S.C, 16 Mar. 1824, a. iPotter, Alonzo, D.D. (H.U. 1846), LL.U. (Un. Coll. 1846), Prot.-Ep. bishop of Pa., b. La Grange, Duchess Co., N.Y., July 10, 1800; d. San Francisco, Jul*' 4, 1865. "Un. Coll. 1818. His ancestors were among the ear- ly settlers of K.I. He became a tutor in Un. Coll. in 1819; and was prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. in 1821-6. Ord. deacon in April, 1821, and priest in Aug. 1824; elected pres. of Geneva Coll. in 1825, he declined the post ; rector of St. Paul's, Boston, from Aug. 29,1826, till Aug. 27,1831; viee-pres. and prof, of moral philos. in Un. Coll. 1831-45; consec. bishop of Pa. Sept. 23, 1845. He m. the only dau. of President Nott. Bishop Pot- ter was especially identified with the organi- zation of the hospital of the Prot.-E)i. Ch., and the establishment of the Divinitv School of the church in Phila. He pub. " The Prin- ciples of Science applied to the Domestic and Mechanic Arts," 1841 ; "Political Economy," 1841 ; "Hand-Book for Readers and Students," Addn '&e., Plan ' and. of ■ Chri 1847 ; "Discourses. Ch 1858; "Religious PI of Temperance OrLtm with Geo. B. Em Schoolmaster," 1S4 1 Harper's " Family Li tian Essays," 1829 ; Maria James's "Poems," 1839 ; and 15 Lectures on the Evidences of Christianity by clergymen of the Prot.-Ep. Church, 8vo, i853. Between 1845 and 1853 he delivered five courses of Lowell Inst, lec- tures on subjects connected with natural the- oliii:y. Potter, Chandlek Eastman, author, b. Concord, N.H., Mar. 7, 1807 ; d. Flint, Mich., Aug. 4, 1868. Dartm. CoH. 1831. After teaching, practising law, and serving one term in the State legist., he in 1844 removed to Man- chester, where he edited and pub. for 4 year.< the Manchester Democrat. He m 1852-3 edited the Farmrr's Monthh/ Visitor, and the Granite Farmer in 1834-5 ; was the author of a valua- ble history of Manchester, and was well versed in the history of N.H. From 1848 to 1855 ho was judge of the Manchester Police Court. For some years he com. the famous Amoskeag Veterans. Many years an active member of the N.H. Hist. Soc, and its pres. in 1855-7. Author of a valuable military history of N.H. in the adj.-gen.'s reports for 1866 and 1868, of two addresses upon the Penobscot Indians, and other addresses, and papers in periodi- cals. Contributed the article upon the Penob- scot and other Eastern Indians to School- craft's " History of the Indians," and partially prepared a new edition of Belknap's N. H., with continuation to 1860. Co-editor of the Weekli/ Mirror and the Mirror ami Farmer in n%i-b. — See.N. E. Hist, and Geneal. Reg., xxiii. 61. Potter, EusHA Reynolds, politician, b. S.Kingstown, R.I.,Nov. 5,1764; d. there Sept. 26, 1835. In early life he was a soldier and a blacksmith's apprentice ; acquired some knowl- edge of law, which he practised with success until he was 40, when he entered political life. From 1793 until his death, he was a rep. to the Assembly, with the exception of 4 terras in Congress in 1796-7 and 1809-16, and in 1818, when a candidate for the oflice of gov. He was 5 times speaker of the house. Few political men iu Rhode Island ever acquired or main- tained a more commanding influence. He was always a forcible, and sometimes an eloquent speaker. Potter, Elisda Reynolds, b. S. Kings- town, R.I., 20 June, 1811. H.U. 1830. Com-: missioncr of public schoWs in R.I. 1849-54; some years member of the Icgisl. ; adj.-gen. 1S35-6; M. C. 1843-5. Author of "Early History of Narragansett," 8vo, 1835; "Paper- Money of the Colony of R.I.," 8vo, 1S37; "Ex- tension of Suffrage in R.I.," 8vo, 1842; "Ad- dress bef. the R.L Hist. Soc. Feb. 19, 1851 ; " "Reports on the R.L Public Schools;" "The Bible and Praver in Public Schools," 8vo, 1854, &V. — R.I'. Educational May., 8vo, 1852-4. Potter, Hazard AenoldI M.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1835), physician and surgeon, b. Potter township, Ontario Co., N.Y., Dec. 21, 1811; d. Geneva, N.Y., 3 Dec. 1869. After practising in R.L a few months, he returned to his na- tive town ; in 1 853 he removed to Geneva, N.Y., where he had a high reputation as a sur- geon and consulting phy^ician. He performed successfully many critical surgical operations, and was one of the first surgeons who called attention to the presence of arterial blood in the veins of the parts paralyzed by_ depressed fracture of the ccr\-ical vertebrse, which he first observed in 1837. In 1854 he successfully per- formed the operation of trephining the spine. He was one of the first to remove ovarian tu- mors, and introduced a new mode of amputa- tion at the hip-joint. During the civil war he was a vol. surgeon. Potter, Horatio, D.D. (Trin. Coll. 1838), LL.D. (Geneva, 1856), D.C.L. (Oxf. I860), Pr.-Ep. bishop of N.Y., liro. of Alonzo, b. La Grange, Duchess Co., N.Y., Feb. 9, 1 802. Un. Coll. 1826. Ord. deacon July, 1827; priest in 734 1828; and in 1828-33 was prof, of mathemat- ics and nat. philos. in Wash. Coll., Hartford. While here, he was inyited by Bishop Moore to become his assistant in the Monumental Church, Richmond, Va., but declined. In 1853 he became rector of St. Peter's, Albany, N.Y.; in 1837 he was chosen pres. of Trinity Coll., Hartford, but declined. Dr. Potter was chosen provis. bishop of N.Y., and consec. Nov. 22, 1854. By the death of Bishop B. T. Onder- donk, April 30, 1861, he became bishop of the diocese. Potter, Rev. Isaiah, first settled minister of Lebanon, N.H., from July 6, 1772, to his d. 2 July, 1817; b. Plymouth, Ct., 1746. Y.C. 1767. Studied theology with Dr. Smalley of Berlin, Ct., and was a fellow-student with Dr. Nathaniel Emmons. He m. Elizabeth, dau. of John Barrett of Northfield, Ms. He pub. some occasional sermons. Potter, Gen Robert B., lawyer and sol- dier, b. N.Y. Son of Bishop P. of Pa., and grandson of Pres. Nott. In 1861 he was a suc- cessful lawyer in New York ; became maj. 51st Regt., Shepard Rifles; led the assault at Ro- anokclslaiiil ; wns \v<)imil< I i,u. des Etats-'Unis J'.l y. ISJI -' 1- .;■ 4to, 18:H; " fun- siJeH,l,ons M„- I.: / ', / . . --'., ' ," .v<-., 8vo, 1841 ; '• Ufia I , I , ,, 2 vols, 8vo, 1843; al I, ; . ■ ;! -n- tribs. to periodicals. 11' uml. :,ii atm jart in the establishment of the French republic of 1848. Envoy -extra, and minister-plenipo. from France to the U.S. 1849. Powell, Charles Stuart, comedian, b. Eng. 1749; d. Halifax, N.S., 26 April, 1811. He played at the Covent Garden, London ; had been manager of the Haymarket; first app. in Boston, 13 Aug. 1792; opened the Boston Theatre as manager in Feb. 1794-6; and was some years manager of the Halifax "Theatre. Powell, George, historical painter, b. N.Y. City, 1823. Among his works is "The Discovery of the Mississippi." Powell, Henry Watson, a British gen. ; d. Lyme, Eng., July 14, 1814. App. a capt. in the 64th Foot, Sept. 1750, be served in the W. Indies in 1759, and in America in 1768; lieut.- col. 53d, July, 1771 ; took part in Burgoyne's exped., with the rank of brig.-gen., 1777 ; and when the Americans evacuated Ticonderoga, July 6, he was left in com. of that post. Here he was attacked by a body of N. H. and Ct. militia, Sept. 18, who were obliged to retreat. He became a gen. in the army Jan. 1, 1801. — Burrjoyne's Ord. Book. Powell, Col. John Hare, agriculturist. POW 735 b, Pliila. April, 17SG; d. there June U, 18j6. His lather Robert Hare came from Enghind in 1773 ; was a member of the lirst State Const. Conv., and was speaker of the State senate in 1 827. John was educated at Phila. Coll. ; be- came a successful merchant ; was sec. of lega- tion to Wm. Pinkney in Lond. ; returned in Dec. 1811 ; was brij;adc-m!ijor to Gen. T. Cadwallader Sept. ISU; in-^p.i.'Pn. (rank of col.) Dec. 1814 tn JnilP, I^I', TiilTiiii- lii~ attention to a^ri i ' ' , ' m -, , valuable essays t. ; , . ■ > was a founder ul I in' i :i Ajr-' .-.,f M., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Va. oh. 1800. Midshipm. Mar. 1,1817; lieut. Apr. 28, 1826; com. June 24, 1843 ; capt. Sept. 14, IS55; commo. July 16, 1862; rear-adm. June 8, 1870. Served as midshipman in the Medit., China Seas, and Gulf of Mexico, and W. Indies, for the suppression of piracy ; com. several expeditions again.st the Seminoles, and wounded at the heail waters of the Jupiter River in Jan. 1837 ; com. two surveying ex- peditions in the Gulf of Mexico 1842-3 ; com. sloop-of-war " John Adams," coast of Afrira, 1849-50; home squad. 1856; frigate " Poto- mac," block, squad., 1861; lighthouse insp. I80;!-6. Powell, Snelling, comedian, bro. of Charles S., b. Carmathon, Wales, 1758 ; d. Boston, 8 Apr. 1821. Feb. 2, 1794, he made a successful d^ut at the Boston Theatre .'is Gustavus Vasa. He was a successful man- ager of that theatre. His wife, a popular ac- tress, a Mi^s Harrison, d. 26 Dec. 1843. Powell, WiLi.i.vM DixsMOOK, chief jus- . tioe of Upper Canada, b. Boston, 1756; d. i Toronto, 6 Sept. 1834. Powell, W. Byrd, M.D., physiologist, b. Bourbon Co., Kv., Jan. 8, 17d9 ; d. Covington, Ky., May 13, 1 866. Transylv. U. 1 820. Med. School, 1823. His father was a pioneer an the settlement of Ky. He interested himself spe- cially in studying the physiology of the brain and the temperaments. In 1835 he became prof, of chemistry in the Med. Coll. of La. In 1836 he demonstrated that the human tem- perament could be read from an examination of the cranium alone. He prosecuted this study for 3 years among the Indian tribes, and was regarded by many of his friends as insane. He assisted in organizing the Memphis Institute in l^4n, nml tri-njiii d the chair of cerebral phy- siiildj .:■'.'■'. l"u'y. In 1851 he removed to (. .1 I, > : > 111 1856 he took the chair of ..! i I !,- IN ilu- Eclectic Med. Inst, of ( 'ill' 11111,1 I, uhl Iri-iured there 2 or 3 years. lii 111- N iiiiral Hist, of the Human Temper- iiii. [it-." I ^-'i(',, he announced his discovery of a iiirnMin nu'nt indicating infallibly the vital tone, and also the signs of vital tenacity. He was a frequent contrib. to scientific and litera- ry periodicals ; wrote, jointly with Dr. R. S. Newton, " The Eclectic Practice of Medicine," and an " Eclectic Treatise on Diseases of Chil- dren." — Ajijiletnn. Power, TvEONE. Irish actor and author, b. Co. Watcrford, Nov. 2, 1797; d. at sea. Mar. 1841. Another account states that he was b. in Swansea, Wales, and was a journey- man printer, changing his name from Thomas Powell after he went on the stage. His wid- owed mother having removed to Wales, Tyrone made his d^biit in the CardiflF Theatre as Ro- meo. He played at provincial theatres till 1818, when he retired; but in 1821 re-appeared on the London stage. His first decided success there was in 1824, in the part of Paddy O'Halloran ; and he thenceforth devoted him- self to the delineation of Irish characters, in which he was unrivalled. In 1833-5 and again in 1840-1, he visited the U.S., where he was highly successful. He embarked for Europe, Mar. II, 1841, in the steamship "President," which was never heard of afterward. He pub. " Impressions of America," 2 vols. 8vo, 1835 ; "The King's Secret," a novel; "The Lost Heir," &c Powers, Grant, a Cong, clergvman, b. Holli.s N.H., Mav 31, 1784; d. Go^shen, Ct., Apr. 10, 1841. Dartm. Coll. 1810. He stud- ied theology ; was minister at Haverhill in 1815-29, and at Goshen from Aug. 27, 1829, to hist, I. I'r.,,tun, Ct., Dec. 18, 1802; d. Luui.-villr, Ky., .Ian. 22, 1870. Brown U. 18a.>. Sui li >\. IS hi< early ripeness of intellect, that he \va< prin.ipal of a i)ublic school before he was 1.5. He studied law, and was adra. to the bar in 1829, but did not engage in practice; and in 1828 became editor of the N.E. Weekhj Review at Hartford, — a literary journal which he conducted two years. Removing to Louis- ville, Ky., he began in Nov. 1830 to edit the Louisville Journal, in whicli he won a high anrl wiJe-pread reputation for political ability and lui u !■ mi - hi: . For many years a leading adv. < . i I ! '^i'V of the"Whig party, it niaiir I I , ,: : the Rebellion, with great zeal a . lause of the Union against thc~i I--I III-!-, Sprcimens of his verse arc to lir iMiiial III M\ I ral collections of American portly; liiit thry liave never been gathered into a vdluiiic .\ vr|..r:iun of his newspaper para- graphs was pub. under the title of "Prentice- ana "in 18C0. In 1831 he wrote a Life of Henry Clay. — Poets and Poetiy of the West. Prentiss, Gen. Benjamin Mayberry, b. Belleville, Wood Co., Va., Nov. 23, 1819. In 183r) he removed to Mo., and in 1841 to Quin- cy, 111., where he engaged in business. He was a capt. in the Mexican war. In 1860 he was an unsuccessful Repub. candidate for Congress. Col. 7lh 111. Vols. Apr. 1861, and afterward brig-gen. 3-months' troops, having com. at Cai- ro, 111., — at that time a position of the utmost importance; brig.-gen. U.S. vols. May 17, 1861 ; in Aug. 1861 he was detailed to the com. at Ironton, Mo.; and Dec. 23 fought the battle of Mount Zion, routing a large body of secessionists. He served in Mo. until April, 1862, when he joined Gen. Grant 3 days be- fore the battle of Shiloli, at the beginning of which he was taken prisoner with most of his com. He was released in Oct., and in Dec. was a member of the court-martial on Gen F. .1. Porter. Made maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; ab. Julys, 1863, he defeated Gens.' Holmes and Price, who attacked him at Helena, Ark. Prentiss, Charles, editor and wit, b. Reading, Ms., Oct. 8, 1774 ; d. Brimfield, Ms., Oct. 20, 1820 H.U. 179.-). Son of Rev. Ca- leb of Headiifg. Edited in 1795 the Rural Re- posilory at Leominster, Ms., and pub. there in 1797 "A Collection of Fugitive Essays in Prose and Verse," and the Political Focus, af- terward the Washington Federalist, at George- town, the Anti-Democrat at Baltimore, and a literary paper, the Child of Pallas. In 1804 be visited England. In 1809 he pub. the Thistle, a theatrical paper of brief duration; after 1810 he reported the congressional pro- nd edited the L.Jc- he pub. at Brook- Northfield. in. Of hia and judge, ceedings at Washii pendent American ; ticld the " Life of Gen. Eatoii," " Life Writings of R.T. Paine," 8vo, 1812; in 1817- 18 he edited the Viiyinia Patriot at Richmond. " A scholar, a good writer, a judicious critic, he studied no profession, and relied for sup- port entirely upon his pen." — Duyckinck. Prentiss, George Aldrich, commodore U.S.N., b. Koone, N.H., 1808 ; d. near Charles- ton. S.C., 8 Apr. 1868. Son of John Prentiss, formerly editor of the N.H. Sentinel. Mid- shipm. 1 Mar. 1825; lieut. 9 Feb. 1837; com. 14 Sept. 1845 ; commo. (retired list) 16 Julv, 1860. Prentiss, Col. John Holmes, a promi- nent Democratic editor of N.Y., b. 1785; d. Cooperstown, N.Y., 26 June, 1861. M.C. 1837- 41. Son of Dr. Samuel. — Prentiss Famittj. Prentiss, Samuel, M.D., b. Stonington, Ct, 1759; d. Northfield, Ms., 1818. Son of Col. Samuel of the Revol. army. Studied with Dr. Philip Turner of Norwich ; served in the ai my as an assist, surgeon ; resided some years in Worcester, and lor 20 ; eminent physician and surgeon i In 1810 he resided at Bernards sons, Samuel was a U.S. senato John H. a prominent editor and politician, and Wm. of Milwaukie has been pres. of the legisl. council of Wisconsin. — William-t's Med. Bioj. Prentiss, S.imuel, LL.D., senator and ju- rist, son of the preceding, b. Stonington, Ct., Mar. 31, 1782; d. Montpelier, Vt., Jan. 15, 1857. lie studied law, and commenced prac- tice in Montpelier in 1803, soon acquiring the reputation of a learned, eloquent, and upright lawyer, and becoming one ot the foremost men of the Vt. bar. In 1824-5 he represented Montpelierin the legisl.; in 1829 he was elect- ed chief justice of the Supreme Court of Vt. ; and was U.S. senator in 1831-42, where he did much to effect the passage of a law against duelling in the Dist. of Col. ; U.S. dist. judge from 1842 to his death. Prentiss, Sergeant Smith, lawyer and orator, b. Portland, Me., Sept. 30, 1808; d. Longwood, near Natchez, Mpi., Julv 1, 1850. Bowd. Coll. 1826. He went to Mpi' in 1827 ; was tutor a year or two in a private family near Natchez; studied law; and was adm. to the bar in 1829, when his first speech before a jury is said to have been marked bj' that wit and eloquence which never deserted him. He was law-partner of Gen. Felix Huston. In 1832 he moved to Vick^lnirL' Iv^.-nnf a- imrr- I^-ad'T tion ot the city, gaim i a n _ i i ;.n a: . .m a^ a lawyer; while thegroijinl wimli iiu rocLixuil as a fee made him one of the wealthiest tnen in the State. He was elected to the State legisl. in 1835. His speech in the U.S. house of repre- sentatives in 1837, which lasted 3 days, in which he claimed the seat held by Col. Claiborne ( which claim was only rejected by the casting-vote of the speaker, J. K. Polk), established his reputa- tion as one of the ablest parliamentary debaters in the country. The candidate thus sent back to the people canvassed the State, and was by 739 3?KE an overwhelming vote returned to the house, where he distin^;. himself bv his eloquence. His distaste for politicnl life led him to resume praetice at the close of his terra, flmbarrassed by the financial troubles of 1837, and dissatisfied with the course of Mpi. in repudiating her bonds, he remcived to New Orleans in 1845, where he led the bar until broken down by ill- health. He was distini.'. for his love and knowl- edge of literature, and took part in many philanthropic movements in that city. — See nis Memoirs, edited hi/ his brother George L., D.D., 2 vols., N.Y., IS.'J.'i. Prentiss, Thomas, D.D., minister of Med- iield, Ms., from 1770 to his d. Feb. 28, 1814, b. HoUiston, Oct. 27, 1747. H.U. 1766. He was a leader in temperance reform, and estab- lished in M. a large public library. He pub. a number of sermons. Some time a chaplain in the Revol. army. Preseott, Benjamin, minister of Danvers 1713-.58, b. Concord, Ms., 16 Sept. 1687 ; d. Danvers, May 27, 1777. H.U. 1709. Son of Capt. Jonathan. Author of " Examination of Certain Remarks," 1735; "Letter to Joshua Gee," 1743; "Letter to Whitefield." 1745; " Consideration of the Unhappy Misunder- standing between Parliament and the Colo- nies," 1774. — Preseott Memorial. Preseott, Oliver, M.D., physician and a Revol. patriot, b. Groton, Ms., Apr. 27, 1731 ; d. there Nov. 17, 1804. H.U. 1750. Son of Judge Benjamin, who was grandson of John of Lincolnshire, Eng., who was an early settler of Lancaster, Ms. He practised medicine in his native town. Before the Revol. he was successively major, lient.-col., and col. in the militia, and early in 1776 was app. a brig.-gen. for the Co. of Middlesex ; member of the board of war; was in 1777 elected a member of the supreme exec, council of the State, and served 3 years; in 1778 he became 3d maj.-gcn. of State militia; and in 1781 second, but soon after resigned ; judge of probate for Middlesex Co. from 1779 until his death. He was very influential in suppressing the Shays Rebel- lion. In 1780 he became a fellow of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. He was a trustee, as well as a patron and benefactor, of Groton Acad. His son Oliver, M.O., b. Groton. Ms., Apr. 4, 1762, d. Newburyport, Sept. 26, 1827. H.U. 1783. He studied jihysic with his father, and Dr. James Lloyd of Boston ; was surgeon of the forces which suppressed the Shays Insur- rection in 1787; and was often a representative to tlie State legist. He was a founder, trustee, and treasurer of the Groton Acad. Quitting an extensive practice in Groton, ho removed to Newburyport in 1811, where he practised with success till his death. He contrib. some valuable articles to the N.E. Journal of Medi- cine and Siirgerij, and pub. a " Dissertation on the Natural History and Medicinal Effects of the Secale Cornutum, or Ergot." — Preseott Memorial, Preseott, Richard, a British lieut.-gen. ; d. Oct. 1788. App. major 33d Foot. Dec. 20, 1756; May, 1762, lieut.-col. 50th Foot, with which he served in Germany ; brev. col. 7th Toot, June 22, 1772, with which he came to Canada in 1 773. On the reduction of Montreal by the Americans in 1775, Col. Preseott, who had the local rank of brig.-gen., attempted to descend to Quebec with the English troops and military stores, but was obliged to surren- der Nov. 17. In Sept. following he was ex- changed for Gen. Sullivan ; in Nov. he became col. of his regt. ; and in Dec. was third in com. of the exped. sent against R.I., where he re- mained in com. of the British forces until again made prisoner July 10. 1777, by the ad- venturous daring of Lieut.-Col. Barton. He was finally exchanged for Gen. Lee, and resumed his com. at R.I., continuing there till its evacu- ation, Oct. 25, 1779. Maj.-gen. Aug. 29, 1777 ; lieut.-gen. Nov. 26, 1782. His treatment of Amer. prisoners was harsh and brutal. Preseott, Robert, a British gen., b. Lan- cashire, Eng., 1725; d. near Battle, Su.«sex, Eng., Dec. 21, 1816. Capt. 15th Foot, Jan. 22, 1755, and served in the exped. against Roche- fort in 1757, against Louisburg in 1758 ; acted as aide-de-camp to Amherst in 1759. and afterwards joined the army under Wolfe ; March 22, 1761, he was app. major 95th Foot, which formed part of the force sent under Monk- ton to reduce Martinico; lieut.-col. 2Sth Regt. Sept. 8, 1775, and was present at the battle of Brooklyn and in the several engagements in Westchester Co., and in the storming of Fort Washington in Nov. ; in 1777 he was attached to the exped. against Phila. ; was app. col. by brev. Aug. 29, and was in the battle of Brandy- wine ; ill 1778 he was app. 1st brig.-gen. in the exped. under Gen. Grant against the French W. Indies; col. Oct. 1.3, 1780 ; Oct. 19, 1781, maj.-gen. July 6, 1789, he was app. col. of the 28th Regt., and lieut.-gen. Oct. 12, 1793; was ordered to Barhadocs, which capitulated March 22, 1794, and of which, as well as of Guadaloupe, he was made civil gov. July 12, 1796, he succeeded Lord Dorchester in the govt, of Lower Canada, which he administered until July 31, 1799, when he was recalled in conse- quence of a rupture with the exec, council. Gen. in the army, J.in, 1, 1798, Preseott, Col. William, a disting. Re- vol. olHcer, bro. of Oliver, b. Groton, Ms.. 20 Feb. 1726; d. Oct. 13, 1795. A provincial lieut. at the capture of Cape Breton in 1754 ; capt. under Gen. Winslow in Nova Scotia, 1 756. He was ollercd a commis. in the regular army, which he declined. Inheriting a large estate at Peppercll, he resided there until the bretiking-out of the war, filling v.arious muni- cipal offices. In 1774 he was app. to com. a regt. of minnte-men, with which he inarched (19 April, 1775) to Lexington. The British having retreated, he proceeded to Cambridge, where he entered the prov. army. Juno 16, 1 775, he was ordered to Charlcstow-n with 1 ,000 men, and directed to throw up works on Bun- ker's Hill. On arriving at the ground, it was perceived that the neighboring elevation, called Breed's Hill, was a more suitable station ; and on it the defences, consisting of a redoubt and breastwork, were erected during the night. The following day, a large British force, under Gen. Howe, attacked, and (after a contest among the most memorable in American annals, and after sustaining a loss equal to the American force engaged) succeeded in dislodging him. PRE Few of Prescott's men had ercr seen an action : they had been laboring all night, and were left without supplies of ammunition or refresh- ment, and, thus fatigued and destitute, had to bear the repeated assaults of a numerous, well- appointed veteran array. Col. Prescott was one of the la*t to leave tlie inlrenchments when he found it necessary to ord-r a retreat. • Early in 1777 he resigned, and returned home, but in the autumn of the same year joined the Northern army under Gen. Gates as a vol- unteer, and was present at the eapture of Burgoyne. He subsequently sat in the Ms. legislature for several years. Preseott, William, LL.D. (II.U. 1824), lawyer and jurist, son of the preceding, b. Pepperell, M>., Aug. 19, 1762 ; d. Boston, Dec. 8, 1S44. H.TJ. 17S3. lie taught school first at Brooklyn, Ct., and then at Beverly, Ms., where, during two years, he also studied with Mr. Dane, the disting. lawyer, and where, in 1 787-9, he engaged in successful practice. Re- moving to Salom, he served as its representa- tive, and as senator of Essex Co. in the legisl. ; in 1806, and again in 1813, he was offered a seat on the bench of the Supreme Court of Ms., which he d"clincd. He romoved to Bos- ton in 180J ; served lor some years as one of the governor's council ; was a dcleg. to the Haitibrd Conv. in 1814; in 1818 was judge of the C. C. P. for Suffolk ; and was in 1820 a deleg.ite to the State Const. Conv. Member of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. Two of his sons surnved him, one of whom was William H. Preseott the historian. The other, Edward Gordox (b. Salem, Jan. 2, 1804, H.U. 1825), was first a lawyer, but in 1837 settled as an Epis. clergyman in N. J. ; d. 11 Apr. 1814. Preseott, William Hicklixg, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1840; H.U. 1843; Oxf. U. 1S50), historian, b. Salem, Ms., 4 May, 1796 ; d. Bos- ton, 28 Jan. 1859. H.U. 1814^ Son of Judge William and Catharine Greene, dau. of Thomas Hickling, who for nearly 50 years was U.S. consul at St. Michael's. His grandfather Col. William com. at the battle of Bunker's Hill. His preparatory studi- s were directed by Rev. J. S. J. Gardiner. An injury to his eye while at college determined him to adopt a literary insteid of a professional career. In ISlS-lV he travelled in England, France, and Italy, but, having vainly sought aid fi-ora eminent oculists, returned home with his si.^ht perma- nently impaired, and was obliged to use the eyes of others in his subsequent literary re- searches and labors. In May, 1820, he m. Su- san Amory . He began in 1 824 his contribs. to th-? N. AmfT. Review, which were pub. in one volume in 1845; in 1834 he wrote the Me- moir of Charles Brockden Brown for .S/)or/s's Aincr. Bioj.; in Jan. 1826 he began his "His- tory of F. rdinand and Isabella," pub. in 1 838 i.i 3 vols. 8vo, the success of which placed him in the front rank of historians. His " Con- quest of Mexico " app. in 3 vols. 8vo, 1 843 ; " Conquest of Peru," 2 vols. 8vo, 1847 ; " His- tory of Philip II. of Spain," 3 vols. 1855-8, which he intended to issue in 6 vols., but which he did not live to complete. In 1856 he puli. an edition of Robertson's " Charles the Fifth," with notes and a valuable supplement. His works Were translated into the French, Span- ish, Italian, German, and Dutch lanu'uagcs. His merits as an historian are a spirit of thor- ough research, an nii'-qiinll.'d iirnvrtiality, and a remarkable clear" -.. .,;,.,• ,,,, ^md'j^a-aeo of style. Hewasaii! I : , most promi- nent learned bodic^ '::,,, .\i\v World, and was in the higUci,. d. ^.i^o .i .-ucial, kindly, and generous man. — Sec Life by Gtorye Tick- nor, 1864. Preston, Isaac Trimble, jurist, b. Va. in 1793 ; d. July 5, 1852, in consequence of a steamboat disaster on Lake Pontehartrain, near New Orleans. Y.C 1812. He studied law at Litchfield, Ct. Was a capt. in the war of 1812-15; subsequently completed his legal studies with William Wirt ; removed to New Orleans, where he practised mth great success, and was at the time of his death a judge of the Supreme Court of Louisiana. Preston, Col. James P., gov. of Va. in 1816-19, b. 1775; d. Smithfield, Va., May 4, 1843. W. and M. Coll 1790-5. Sou of Col. William. App. lieut.-col. 12th Inf. Mar. 19, 1812 ; col. 23d, Aug. 15, 1813. At the battle of Chrystlcr's Field he received a wound in the thigh, which crippled him for life. For many years he was postmaster of the city of Rich- mond y Preston, Johx S., orator and politician, brother of William C , b. near Abingdon, Va., Apr. 20, 1809. He was educated at Hamp. '-. Sid. Coll. and the U of Va., and aftenvard ^ studied in the Law School of H.U. In 1S30 he %; m. a dau. of Gt.'n. Wade Hampton of S.C, and was an active nullificr. He was engaged for many years in sugar-planting in La., where he owned large estates, but resided in Columliia, - S C. He gained reputation as an orator in the State legisl. ft-om 1848 to l'*56, and increased ; ^- it by addresses before the '76 Association of Charleston, the literary societies of the S.C. ''"' Coll., and particularly at the celebration of the ,^ '^ 75th anniv. of the battle of Iving's Mountain. ^ In May, 1860, he was chairman of the S.C. "^ delegation to tlie Dcraoc. conv. at Charleston, O v^ from which In- subscfpi' ntly withdrew, then '• 4 joiningtlii - ■ -.]•<■• ■,y\ m ir. .Vficr theclec- 2 ri tion of ;.lr 1 '■■■• ■■\ 1 ■ : - 1 mnimiss. to jt-, S Va. ; &\\'\ : i 1:' urate plea in favor lit I:' 1- Hiiiii :i t li ".lii.'wal from the >v Union, which is cstccmid the crowning effort of his oratorj-. Preston,' Thomas S., pastor of St. Anne's R.C. Church, and chancellor of the diocese of N.Y., b. Hartford, Ct., 1824. Trin. Coll., Hartf., 1843. Author of " Ark of the Cove- nant," 1860; "Life of St. Mary Magdalene," 1861 ; " Sermons for the Seasons," 8vo, \>^ .-100 8 . Canib. Law School, 1838. He studied at the Jesuits' Coll. at Bardstown, Ky., and at New Haven. Practised law at I>ouisville until Oct. 1847, when he became lieut.-col. 4tli Ky. Vols., and served through the Mexican war. Resuming his profession, he became a memlier of the State Const. Con v. June II, 1850; of the State le- gisl. in 1850 and 1851; M.C. 1851-3; after- wards attached himself to the Democ. party ; was a member of the conv. at Cincinnati in 1856 which nominated Mr. Buchanan, who. Mar. 12, 1859, app. him envoy-extr. to the court of Spain. Resigning early in 1 861 , he returned to Ky . to induce the State to secede ; was chosen in Nov., by a convention held at Russellville, a commiss. to visit Richmond, and negotiate for the admission of Ky. into the Confed. ; app. a brig.-gcn. in the Confed. army ; acted as a vol. aide on the stalT of his bro.-in-!aw Gen. A. S. Johnston; was present at Shiloh when Gen. Johnston received his death-wound ; and served under Bragg during his invasion of Ky. in Sept. 1862. Preston, William Ballard, statesman, b. Va.; d. at his residence in Montgomery Co., Va., Nov. 14, 1862. M.C. in 1847-9 ; sec. of the navy under Pres. Taylor 1849-50; and a senator in the Confed. Congress. Preston, William Campbell, LL.D. ( H.U. 1846), statesman, b. Phila. Dee. 27, 1 794 ; d. Columbia, S.C, Mav 22, 1860. U. of S.C. 1812. His grandfather "Col. William com. a mi- litia regt., was wounded at Guilford, and d. soon after 1783. Francis his father, M.C. 1793-7, d. May 26, 1835, a. 69. He studied law in the office of Wm. Wirt at Richmond, and, while visiting Europe in 1816-19, attended the lec- ttires of Hope, Playfair, and Brown, at Edinb. Adm. to the bar in 1 820, he settled at Colum- bia, S.C, in 1822, and practised successfully; M.C. in 1824, he disting. himself by his advo- cacy_ of fi-ee trade and State rights, and was a nullification leader in the State legislatures of 1828 and 1 830-2 ; U.S. senator 1834-42, where he took high rank as a debater. Pres. of the U. of S.C. 1S45-5I. He .^oon after established the Columbia Lyceum, which he endowed with his library of 3,000 vols. His oratory was or- nate and fluent, his elocution graceful, and he was well versed in the English classics. Maj. Wm. and James P. Preston were his sons. He pub. a Eulogy on Hugh S. Legare, 1843 ; and speeches, addresses, &c. PreVOSt, AuGDSTiNE, a British maj.-gen., b. Geneva; d. Bemett, Eng., 5 May, 1786. His mother w;is the dau. of Chevalier Grand. He was lieut.-col. in March, 1761; col. Aug. 29, 1777 ; maj.-gen. 27 Feb. 1779. As a capt^eoth Regt. ( Royal American), he served under Wolfe at Quebec. He was highly disting. in the American war by his defence of Savannah in Oct. 1779. He captured the fort at Sunhury, Ga., in Dec. 1778: defeated Gen. Ashe at Brier Creek in March, 1779 ; and in May following attempted, unsuccessfully, to capture Charles- ton. Prevost, Sir George, a British lieut.- gen., son of the preceding, b. New York, May 19, 1767; d. Eng., Jan. 5, 1816. He entered the army young; served with distinction at St. Vincent's and Dominica, and at St. Lucia; was created a baronet Nov, 20, 1805 ; maj.-gen; Jan. 1805; lieut.-gen. .Tunc, 1811; licut.-gov. of Nova Scotia in 1 803 ; second in com. at the capture of Martinique; and in June, 1811, succeeded Sir James Craig in the chief civil and military com. of British N. America, which he held till his return to Eng. in 1814. His ser- vices in the defence of Canada against the ar- mies of the U.S. in 1812-14 were of great im- portance, although he was defeated by Macomb and Macdonough at Plattsburg, 11 Sept. 1814. Price, Eli K., member of the Phila bar, b. Chester Co., Pa., 1797. Author of "Me- moirof Philip and Rachel Price " (his parents), 1853; "Limitations of Actions in Pa.," Svo, 1 857 ; " The Family as an Element of Govern- ment," 1864. — AUibone. Price, Richard, D.D. (Glasg. U. 1769), LL.r). (Y.C. 1783), minister, and writer on polities and morals, b. Glamorganshire, Wales, 22 Feb. 1723; d. 19 Apr. 1791. Educated at Talgarth and at a Presb. acad. in Loud. Set- tled in 1758 over a dissenting cong. at New- ington Green, of which he was many years pastor. He was an intrepid asserter' of the rights of man; and in 1776 pub. "Observa- tions on the Nature of Civil Liberty," &c., — the best exposition of the injurious policy pursued towards the Americans. It attained in two years a sale of 60,000. The common council of Lond. gave him the freedom of the city, and the Amcr. Congress aftenvard invited him to become a citizen of the U.S. In 1784 he pub. "Observations on the Importance of the Amer. Revol." From 1763 to 1786 he eontrib. many papers to the " Philos. Transactions." F.R.S. 1764. Of his many other works, that on the National Debt is regarded as one of the best upon political arithmetic. Pliilanthropy was the leading characteristic both of his conduct and his wTitings. Price, Rodman M., gov. of N.J. 1854-7, b. Sussex Co., N. J., Nov. 5, 1816. He studied at N.J. Coll.; but illness prevented liis gr.adu- ation. He then studied law ; wa.s app. purser in the navy in 1840; is said to have been the first person to exercise judicial functions under the American flag on the Pacific coast as al- calde; was made navy agent there in 1848; was M.C. from N. J. 1851-3 ; delegate to the Peace Congress, 1861. He caused the estab- lishment in that State of a normal school, and fostered the State militia. — Lanman. Price, Sterling, maj.-gen. 0. S. A., b. Prince Edward Co., Va., Sept. 1809; d. St. Louis, Mo., 29 Sept. 1867. He settled as a farm- er in Chariton Co., Mo., in 1830. Good natural abilities, improved by study, soon made him known. He served i'n theState legisl. ; was M.C. 1845-7 ; col. of Mo. vol. cavalry in Mex. war, 12 Aug. 1846; brig.-gen. 20 July, 184"; jiromoted and made military gov. of Chibuahua for the capture of Taos ; com. and wounded at ,,U.. ^-c*-7 iPC^'' / A-w. 742 Canada, New Mcx., 24 Jan. 1847; and com. in battle of Santa Cruz dc Rosales 16 Mar. 1848. Gov. of Mo. 1853-7 and during the " burder- riittian war" between the Missourians and the settliT.s (if Kansas ; and was bank commiss. in 1861, aiiil a Iradur of the secession party of Mo. ; made |irr,. ulthr Siatf conv. 28 Feb. 1861, as gen. -ill-chief he soii;.;ht to lake Mo. out of ihc Union. Kctiiin- before Gen. Lyon, Price quarrelled with Ben. McCullough, who with- drew his forces; and the State was saved to the Union. Sept. 20 he captured Lexington with 3,000 prisoners, and was thanked by the Con- fed. Congress Transferred to the service of the Confed. States in Mar. 1862, with the rank of maj.-gen. ; he was one of the leaders in the battle of Pea Ridge, Mar. 6-8, 1862, where he was wounded; fought at lukaSO Se|>t., and at Corinth Oct. 3-5; com. the advance of the army in Northern Mpi. under Pcnihcrton in Dec. ; was subsequently in com. of the Ucpt. of the Ark.; and in Sept. 1864 invaded Mo., but, after gaining some temporary success, was driven from the State, and pursued with great loss. At tlie close of the war he went to Mex- ico, where he acted for a time on the board of iLnmigration, but returned to Mo. in 1867. Prideaux, John, brig.-gen., b. Devon- shire, England, 1718; accidentally killed in the trenches at the siege of Niagara, July 19, 1759. Son of Sir John Prideaux, ban. App. capt. of the 3d Foot Guards, Feb. 24, 1745; col. 55tli Foot, Oct. 28, 1758; and brig.-gen. May 5, 1759; served at the battle of Dettingen. lie was intrusted by Wm. Pitt with the duty of reducing Fort Niagara, then one of the most formidable in the country. He effected a land- ing, July 7, 1759, and at once opened fire upon the Ibrt; on the llth he defeated a sortie, and on the 19th was busy in the trenches, when he was killed by the bursting of a eoehorn. Pridgen, William, of Bladen Co., N.C., of remarkable longevity; d. Oct. 14, 1845, a. 123. Altiiougli exempted by age from military duty, he served a full term in the Cunt, army, and became entitled to a pension, which he re- ceived during the latter years of his life. He retained the use of his limbs and his faculties to the last, with the exception of his sight, which he lost a few years before his decease. Priest, JosiAH ; d. ab. 1850 in Western N.V. Pub. "American Antiquities and Dis- coveries in the West," 8vo, Albany, 1841 ; " Slavery in the Light of History and Scrip- ture," &o., 1843; " Stories of the'Rcvol.,"&c., Svo, 1836 ; " View of the Millennmm," 12mo, 1828 ; " Wonders of Nature," &c., 1826. He was an uneducated man, by trade a harness- maker. Priestley, Joseph, LL.D., philosopher, chemist, and theologian, b. Fieldhead, York- shire, England. 13 Mar. 1733 ; d. Northumber- land, Pa., 6 Feb. 1804. He studied al; a dis- senting acad. ; preached in 175?-8 at Needham Market; at Nantwich, Cheshire, in 1758-61, when he became tutor of languages and belles- lettres in the sem. at Warrington, where he pub. " The Scripture Doctrine of Remission," in which he rejects the dogma of the Atone- ment ; and in 1767 a " History of Electricity," at the suggestion of Dr. Franklin. This caused his election into the Roval Society, and gained him the degree of LL.l). from Edinburgh U. In 1767 he became minister to a large cong. at eries ; in 1772 he received the Copley Medal for his " Observations on Different Kinds of Air." He discovered tlie effect of respiration on the blood, and the tendency of vegetation to restore to vitiated air its vivifying principle. He also discovered nitrous gas, muriatic gas and oxygen, which he obtained in 1774 from red precipitate of mercury, calling it " dephlo- gisticated air." " As a physicist and chemist," says Cuvier, " his talents were of the first order." His researches and writings have con- tributed much to the progress of the sciences. Librarian and literary companion of the Earl of Shelhurnc 1773-80, he accomp. him in 1774 in a tour through Flanders, Holland, and Ger- many. While at Leeds he pub. some pieces in favor of civil liberty, the chief of which was " An Address to Dissenters on the Subject of the Differences with America," written at the request of Drs. Franklin and Fothergill. In 1780 he settled at Birmingham as minister of the principal dissenting cong., and incurred public odium by his liberal religious and repub- lican sentiments; in July, 1791, his bouse was fired by a mob, who infiieted great damage on his books, apparatus, &c., he and his family escaping by flight; in April, 1794, he settled in Northumberland, Pa., but was regarded with hostility by the anti-French party. He delivered two courses of lectures at Phila. in 1796-7 on "The Evidences of Revelation," pub. in 2 vols., and defended Soeinianism with much warmth in a controversy with Dr. Linn of Phila. Besides the above-named works, he is the author of " Institutes of Natural and Revealed Religion," 1772-4; "Experiments and Observations on Air," 5 vols. 1774-80; " Defence of Soeinianism ; " " History of the Corruptions of Christianity," 1782 ; " Familiar Letters to the Inhabitants of Birmingham," 1790; "Reply to Burke's Reflections on the French Revol.," 1791 ; " Disquisitions on Mat- ter and Spirit," &e. His publications exceed 70 volumes. —&c Comfs Life of Priestley, 1805; Aittdnogmphic Memoirs, 1806; Allibone. Prime, Benjamin Young, M.D., b. Hunt- ington, L.L, 20 Dec. 1733; d. 31 Oct. 1791. N.J. Coll. 1751; tutor there 1756-7. De- scended from James, a first settler of Milford, Ct. Son of Ebenezer, minister of H. 1719-79. He took his medical degree at Leyden ; settled in the practice of medicine in New York in 1764; subsequently wrote essays in Hebrew," Greek, Latin, French, and Spanish, and many Revol. songs and ballads, which circulated widely during the war. Author of " The Pa- triot Muse," poems, Svo, Lond. 1 764 ; " Colum- bia's Glory," a poem on the American Revol., 1791 ; and " Muscipula Cambnjomadiia," 1838. — Spraijue. Prime, Nathaniel Scuddek, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1848), Presb. clergyman, b. Huntington, L.L, Apr. 21, 1785; d.Mamaroneck,N.Y., Mar. 27, 1856. N.J. Coll. 1804. From his grand- father. Rev. Ebenezer, and from his father, Dr. Benjamin Young, he inherited a taste for let- ters, which he cultivated assiduously, and trans- 743 a mittcd to liis cliildren. Ord. Oct. 24, 1S09, and oflBciated for several years at Sag Harbor, Freshpond, and Smithtown ; and July 14, 1813, became pastor of the church in Cam- bridge, Washiniiton Co., N. Y., where he re- mained until 1830 ; the last three years of this time he was principal of a literary institution. In 1830 he took charge of the Mount-Pleasant Acad., Sing Sing; and in 1835 established a female seminary in Newburg, N. Y., subse- quently teaching and preaching in various places. He was an able preacher and a suc- cessful instructor. He wrote for the press a Treatise on Baptism ; and " The History of Long Island," 12mo, 1845. — Sprar/ue. Prime, Samuel Iken.eus, D.D. (Hamp. Sidney Coll.), clergyman, son of Rev. N. S. //' Prime, b. Ballston, N. York, Nov. 4, 1812. Wms. Coll. 1829. After studying at Prince- ton Theol. Sem., he entered the Presb. minis- try. Compelled by ill-health in 1840 to relin- quish the active duties of his profession, he be- came editor of the N- Y. Observer, newspaper, the chief organ of his denomination, and one of the leading religious periodicals in the country. Author of " Travels m Europe and the East," Evols. 1855; a work on Switzerland, the re- svdt of an extensive journey in 1853 ; " Life in New York," 1845; "Annals of the English Bible," 8vo, 1849 ; and of several religious works, including " Thoughts on the Death of Little Children ; " " The Power of Prayer," — the latter a sketch of the Fulton-st. (New York) prayer-meeting, has been repub. in several Eu- ropean languages ; " The Bible in the Levant," &c., 1859; "Memoirs of Rev. Nicholas Mur- ray," 1862; and "Five Years of Prayer, with the Answers," 1864. — See Notice in JlaqKi's Weeklfi. Sept. 25, 1858. Prime, William Cowper, author, bro. of S. I., b. Cambridge, N.Y., Oct. 31, 1825. N. J. Coll. 1843. Becoming a member of the New- York bar, he has since been also engaged in literary pursuits. He has pub ." The Owl- Creek Letters," originally contributed to the N. Y. Jom: of Commerce; '■ The Old House bv the River," 1853; and "Later Years," 1854. In 1855-6 he travelled extensively in the East and elsewhere, and pub. on his return "Boat-Life in Egypt and Nubia," 1857; and " Tent-Life in the Holy Land," 1 857. He has since paid much attention to numismatics and Egyptian antiquities ; and in 1 860 edited a work entitled " Coins, Medals, and Seals," 4to. In 1865 he pub., with notes, the old hymn, " Mother Dear, Jerasalem ! " " Passio Chris- ti " of Albert Durer, 1868. Contrib. to the New Amer. Cyclop, and to periodicals. Prince, Henry, brev. brig.-gen. U S.A., b. Eastport, Me., Jan. 19, 1811. West Point, 1835. Entering the 4th Inf, he became 1st licut. 1838; won two brevets for gallantry at Contreras, Churubusco, and Molino del liey, where he was severely wounded; made capt. Sept. 26, 1847; paymaster (rank of major). May 23, 1855; and' brig.-gen. vols. April 28, 1 862. Assigned to the Army of Va. under Gen. Pope, he was taken prisoner at the battle of Cedar Mountain, Aug. 9, 1 862 ; was released on parole in Sept. ; served in N. C. Jan.-Jnne, 1 863 ; in the Rapidau campaign, Oct.-Dee I SG3 ; in Mine-Run operations Nov.-Dcc. 1863 ; in com. of Dist. Columbus, Ky., Apr.-Ang. 1864; brev. lieut.-col. 9 Aug. 1862, for Cedar Mountain; and brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. — Cullum. Prince, John, LL.D. (B. U. 1795), a Cong, clergyman, eminent for his scientific ac- quirements, b. Boston, July 11, 1751; d. Sa- lem, June 7, 1836. H. U. 1776. Ord. at Salem in 1779, and pastor of the First Church there nearly 58 years. He especially disting. himself for his improvements in tlic air-pump ; and the one which he made as early as 1784 gave him a reputation throughout the scien- tific world. He pub. sermons. A Memoir by C. W. Upham is in " Ms. Hist. Colls.," 3d ser., V. 5. Prince, John Charles, R. C. bisliop of St. Hyacinth, C. E. Consec. bishop of Mar- tyropolis, and co-adjutor of Montreal, Ju'y 25, 1845 ; transf. to St. H. June 8, 1852 ; d. May 5, 1860. Prince, Nathan, scholar, b. Sandwich, Ms., 30 Nov. 1698; d. minister of Ruatan Bay of Honduras, July 25, 1748, a. 50. H.U 1718. Bro. of Rev. Thomas. Tutor of H. U 1723; fellow in 1737, but was removed in 1742 He afterwards pub. an account of the consti- tution and govt, of Harv. Coll., from its founda- tion in 1636 to 1742; and an essay to solve the difficulties attending the accounts of the resur- rection, 1734. He became an Episcopalian and ranked among the great scholars of hi: time. — Allen. Prince, Outer H., U.S. senator from Ga. 1828-9 ; lost Oct. 9, 1837, in the steamboat " Home," near Ocracocke. He pub. " Digest of the Laws of Ga.," &c., to Dec. 1820, 2d ed. Svo, 1837. Prince, or Prence, Thomas, gov. of Plym. Col., b. Eng. 1601 ; d. Plym., M,s., Mar. 29,1673. HeaiTivedinPlvmouthin:621; was gov. in 1634, 1638, and from 1G57 to 1673, and was an assist, in 1635-7 and in 1639-57. He lived at Nauset, or Eastham, of which he was one of the first settlers in 1 644, until rechosen governor ; and in 1 663 he removed to Plym- outh. He was a man of eminent worth and piety, and an impartial magistrate. Strict in his religious opinions, he zealously opposed those whom he believed to be heretics, particu- larly the Quakers. He was a friend of learn- ing, and, in opposition to the clamors of the ig- norant, procured revenues for the support of grammar-schools in the Colony. Prince, Thomas, minister and cbronolo- gist, b. Sandwich, Ms., May 15, 1687; d. Boston, Oct. 22,1758. H.C. 1707. Son of Samuel of Sandwich, and grandson of Elder John of Hull, who came to N.E. in 1633. He went to Eng. Apr. 1, 1709, and preached some time at Conihe, in Suffolk ; but, being strongly attached to bis native land, returned to Boston, July 20, 1717, and was ord. over the Old South Church, Oct. I, 1718, as col- league of Dr. Sewall. He was eminent as a preacher, linguist, and man of learning. Mr. Prince began in 1703, and continued more than 50 years, a collection of public and private )>a- pers relating to the civil and religious history of N.E. This he pub. in the form of annals. 744 PRY I2mo, I7.'!6, and 3 numbers of the second part in 1756, Imt spent so much time upon the in- troducicirv c]]itonie, licfjinning a*t the creation, that he brou;;ht his history only down to 1633. Plis coUeetion of MSS. was deposited in the Old South Church, and was partly destroyed by the British, who occupied that building in 1775-6; many important facts relating to the history of the country being thus irrecovera- bly lost. His books and MSS. now form part of the Pub. Library of the city of Boston. Be- sides a great number of sermons, he pub. an "Introdnetion and Notes to Mason's History of the Peipiot War," 1736; various biographi- cal and oilier papers in the Christian His- tory, 1743-4; "An Improvement on the Doctrine of Earthquakes," &c., 1755; "Life of Neheniiah Walter, appended to his Ser- mons," 1755; Notes and Appendix to " Wil- liams's Redeemed Captive," 1757; "The Psalms, &c., with Historic-.il Preface and Notes," 1758; several lives in " Mayhew's In- dian Converts," 1727 ; and an account of the first appearance of tlie Aurora Borealis. Prince, Thomas, son of the preceding, b. Boston, Keb. 27, 1722; d. Oct. 1748. H.U. 1740. He edited the earliest American peri- odical, the Christian History, containing ac- counts of the revival and propagation of re- ligion in Great Britain and America for 1743, 2 vols. 8vo, pub. weekly, 1744-6 Pring, Daniel, commodore R.N. ; d. Port Eoyal, Jamaica, Nov. 29, 1847. He early entered the navy ; was a midshipm. at the at- tack on Copenhagen in 1801 ; was made a lieut. in 1807; com. the schooner "Paz "on the Halifax station in 1812; was transferred to service on Lake Ontario in 1813, and pro- moted to commander; and in 1814 was app. to com. " The Linnet," a brig of 16 guns, in the squad, of Com. Downie on Lake Champlain. In the celebrated engagement with the fleet of Macdonough, he sustained a severe conflict with "The Eagle" (of 20guns), butwasevent- nally compelled to strike. In 1815 he was promoted to post-captain, and early in 1846 to commodore. — Af organ's Celebrated Canadians. Proctor, Henry A., a British lieut.-gen., b. of an ancient family in Wales, 1765 ; d. Liv- erpool, Eng., 1859. Hejoined thearmyas lieut. 43d Foot, Dec. 1781 ; became maj. May, 1795 ; lieut.-col. 41st, Oct. 1800; col. July, 1810; maj.-gen. June, 1813 ; and, on the breaking-out of 'the war of 1812, came to Canada in com. of the 41st Regt. He was despatched to Am- herstburg by Gen. Brock to prevent the land- ing of Hull, whose forces he repulsed from that place, and defeated at Brownston, and gained a brilliant victory over Winchester on the River Raisin, for which he was promoted to the rank of brig.-gen. In May, 1813, he was defeated at Fort Meigs by Gen. Harrison ; Aug. 2, he was signally defeated by Major Crogban in defence of Fort Stephenson, Lower Sandusky; and Oct. 5, 1813, was totally de- feated at the battle of the Thames by Gen. Harrison. He was afterward tried by court- martial, and suspended from rank and pay for 6 months. He com. again during the war, and rose to the rank of lieut.-gen. — Morgan's Celebrated Canadians. Proctor, Gen. Thomas, Revol. oflicer, b. Ireland, 1739 ; d. Phila. 16 Mar. 1806. Col. of Pa. art. through the Revol. ; disting. at Brandywine, and in Sullivan's expcd. against the Indians. He was a carpenter by trade. Proud, Robert, historian, b. Yorkshire, Eng., May 10, 1728; d. Phila. July 7, 1813. Arriving in Phila. in Jan. 1759, he taught Greek and Latin in a Quaker acad. until the Revol. Firm in his attachment to the crown, he believed that the Revol. would cause the decline of virtue and prosperity in America. He pub. in 1797-8 a valuable history of Pa. (1681-1742), by which he was pecuniarily a loser. — See Notice of his Life in Pa. Hist. Soc. Memoirs, hj C. W. Tliompson, vol. i. 8to, 1826. Proudfit, Alexander Moncrief, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1812), Presb. clergyman, b. Pequea, Pa., 1770; d. New Brunswick, N.J., Ajir. 17, 1843. Col. Coll. 1792. He was in 1794-1835 pastor of the Ref Presb. Church, Salem, N. Y.; and was subsequently the agent of the Amer. Colonization Society. He pub. "Ruin and Recovery of Man," 12mo, 1806; "Theological Works," 4 vols. 12mo, 1815; a work on the Parables, 12mo, 1820; and ser- mons. A Memoir by John Forsyth, D.D., was pub. in 12mo, N.Y. Provoost, Samuel, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1786), Prot.-Ep. bishop of N. Y., b. New York, March 11,1742; d. there Sept. 6,1815. Col. Coll. 1758. Of Ilu-uenot descent; son of John, :i merchant iif New York. Educated at Cambridge, Eng., where he graduated. He be- came an Episcopalian ; was adm. to orders in 1766; married at Cambridge; returned to New York, and became an assist, at Trinity Church, Dec. 1766. Being a warm advocate of the Amer. Revol., he resigned his charge in 1770 ; retired to a small farm in Duchess Co., and refused all preferment, alihough proposed as a delegate to the Prov. Congress in 1775; invited in 1777 to become ehaphdn to the con- vention which formed the first const, of N.Y. ; and ofl^ered the same year the rectorship of St. Michael's Church at Charleston, and in 1782 of King's Chapel, Boston. In 178.3, when New York was evacuated by the British troops, he left his retirement for the rectorship of Trinity Church ; and at the first gen. conv. of the church in 1786 was elected bishop; pro- ceeded to Eng. with Bishop White of Pa. for consecration; and was adm. 4 Feb., 1787, to the holy order of bishops at Lambeth, return- ing to New York, April 8, 1787. He was chaplain to the Cont. Congress in 1785, and to the U.S. senate in 1789. Overcome by domes- tic bereavements and afflictions, he resigned his rectorship of Trinity Church in 1800, and his bishopric in Sept. 1801. Pryor, Roger A., b. Dinwiddle Co., Va., July 19, 1828. Hamp. Sid. Coll. 1845. His father was a prominent clergyman. He stud- ied law ; and in 1 850 edited the Soiithside Democrat at Petersburg, Va. In 1 852-3 he was on the staff of the Union, newspaper, at Wash- ington ; in 1854 he was commiss. to Greece ; in 1855 resumed his editorial functions at Peters- burg ; afterward edited the South at Richmond, and the States, an advocate of extreme South- 745 PUR, em views, at Washington. Elected to Con- gress in 1859, he was noted as a vehement advo- cate of secession, and for his challenge of John F. Potter of Wisconsin. On the apnroaeh of the cidl war, Mr. Pryor volunteered brig.-gen., and led a division in the battles be- fore Richmond ; resigned Aug. 26, 1 863. Mem- ber of the Confcd. Congress. Captured in Nov. 1864, and for a short time imprisoned in Fort Lafayette. Has since been an editor in Tenn. Pugh, Ellis, Quaker preacher, b. Dolgel- ly, Merioneth Co., Wales, June, 1656 ; d. Oct. 10, 1718. He began to preach ab. 1680, and in 1687 settled at Gw)-ncdd, Pa. He revisited his native place in 1 706-8. Author of a trea- tise called "A Salutation to the Britains," written in Welsh. — Collection of Quaker Memo- rials. Pugh, George Ellis, lawyer and senator, b. Cincinnati, O., Nov. 28, 1822. Miami U. 1840. In 1847 he was capt. in the 4th Regt. 0. Vols, in the Mexican war; representative in the legisl. in 1848 and '49; city solicitor of Cincinnati in 1850; atty .-gen. of the State in 1851 ; and was U.S. senator in 1855-61. Pulaski, Co0NT Casimir, a Polish pa- triot, and a brig.-gen. in the Revol. army, b. Lithuani.i, Poland, March 4, 1748 ; d. Oct. 11, 1779. Son of the patriotic Count Pulaski, who formed the confederation of Barr in 1768. He was educated for the law, but had seen some military sennce under Duke Charles of Conr- laud, when, at the age of 21, he joined his fa- ther in the struggle for liberty against King Stanislaus in 1769. The old count was taken prisoner, and ^perished in a dungeon. His son, elected com.-m-chief in 1770, prolonged the contest, but with insufficient forces. In 1771, he, with 39 others, entered Warsaw, disguised as peasants, for the purpose of seizing the king. They bore him out of the city, but were com- pelled to leave him not far from the walls, and escape. His little army was soon afterward defeated, himself outlawed, his estates confis- cated, and he entered the service of the Turks, then at war with Russia. He afterwards went to Paris; had an interview with Franklin, and, sympathizing deeply with a people struggling for their liberties, came to America in the sum- mer of 1777. He joined the army under Wash- ington; fought with distinction at Brandy wine; and was (Sept. 13, 1777) app. by Congress to com. the cavalry, with the rank of brig.-gen. He was in the battle of Germantown ; and early in the spring of 1778 was placed in com. of a corps of 68 light horse and 200 foot. This was called "Pulaski's Legion," and was officered mostly by foreigners. Commanding this hete- rogeneous corps, badly equipped and worse mounted, this brave Pole encountered difficul- ties and sought danger. Ordered to Little Egg Harbor, he was surprised while on the march, — a deserter having given information to the enemy, — and a large portion of his inf. was bayonetted. In Feb. 1779 he was ordered to the South, and was in active service under Lin- coln until the siege of Savannah, in Sept.-Oct. of that year, where he was mortally wounded in the assault, Oct. 9. He was taken to the U.S. brig " Wasp," where he died. Nov. 29, '79, Con- gress voted a monument to his memory, which was never erected ; but one was raised by tho citizens of Savannah, of which Lafayette, dur- ing his triumphal progress through the U.S., laid the comer-stone. — See Sparks's American Biaqraphfi, vol. iv. 2d scries. Pulte, JosEAH HippOLYT, M.D., b. Mes- chede, Westphalia, Oct. 6, 1811. U. of Mar- burg. He came to the U.S. in 1834, and prac- tised medicine at Allento\vn, Pa., 6 years. Be- coming a horateopathist, he aided in establish- ing a homoeop. coll at Allentown. A resident of Cincinnati since 1840. Prof, of clinical mcd. in the Western HomcEOp. Coll., Cleveland, 1852; and of obstetrics, 1853-5. Contrib. to various homoeop. journals. Editor of Teste's "Diseases of Children," 1857; and has pub. " Organon of the Hist, of the World," 1859 ; "Domestic Phy.sieian," 1850; "Reply to Dr. Metcalf," 1851 ; " Science of Medicine," 1852; "Wom.an's Medical Guide," 1853; "Civiliza- tion and its Heroes, an Oration," 1855, &c. — Allibone. Pummill, James, poet, b. Cincinnati, 12 Dec. 1828. Pub. in 1846 a vol. of poems, "Fmits of Leisure," and in 1852 "Fugitive Poems." He was a contrib. to the Ladies' Re- pos. and the Knickerbocker Mag., and is editor and prop, of the Aurora (Ind.) Commercial. — See Poets and Poetry of the West. Pureell, John Baptist, U.D., R.C. arch- bishop of Cincinnati; consec. Oct. 13, 1833. Has ed., with a memoir, Macleod's History of the Devotion to the Virgin Mary in N. A., 8vo, 1866; "The Roman Clergy and Free Thought, a controversy with Thos. Vickers," 1868. Purchas, Samuel, an Eng. divine, b. Tlia.\ted, in Essc.>;, in 1577 ; d. London, 1628. Educated at St. John's Coll. Cambridge. His principal work was entitled " Puichas his Pil- grimages, or Relations of the World," which, with Hakluyt's Voyages, led the way to other collections of the same kind, and has been much valued and esteemed. The tirst vol. was pub. in 1613 ; but the fourth edition of it, in 1626, contains numerous important additions. The last 4 vols, appeared in 1 625. Tho 3d and 4th vols, of " Puichas his Pilgrimes " relate to Amer., and preserve the original narratives of the earliest English navigators and explorers of tho Western World. He also wrote " Micro- cosmos, or the History of Man ; " " The King's Tower and Triumphal Arch of London." Purchas was rector of St. Martin's in Ludgate, and chaplain to Abbot, archbishop of Canter- bury. His works are scarce, and command a high price. — Allibone. Purdon, John, adm. to the Phila. bar, 1806; d. 1835. N. J. Coll. 1802. Pub. 8vo, Phila. 1811, an abridgment of the laws of Pa. from 1700, &c., 4th ed. 1831; since pub. as Brightley's Digest, and continued to tho present time. — Allibone. Purple, Norman H., b. Exeter, N.Y., 1808. Four vears judge of the III. Sup. Ct. Has pub. Stauites of 111. relating to Real Es- tate, 8vo, 1847 ; Statutes of 111. in force Jan. 1, 1856, 2 vols. 8vo. — Allibone. Purple, Samuel S., M.D., co-editor with FTJR 746 S. Smith, M.D., of the Journal of Medicine, and contrib. to the Med. Times. Author of " Med. Obsei-vations," 1852 ; " BiUiolheca Medica," 8vo, 1860, in MS. — ^//*o;ie. Pursh, Frederic, botanist, b. Tobolsk, Siberia, 1774; d. Montreal, Canada, June 11, 1820 Edueated at Dresden. Came to Aincr. in 1799, and remained until 1811, when he vis- ited Eng ; and in 1814 pub. at Loud. Flora Ameriaz Seplr-ntrionalis, 8vo. Returning to Amer., he d. while collecting materials for a flora of Canada. Purviance, Hugh Y., commo. II.S.N., b. Md. Midshipm. Nov. 3, 1818; lieut. Mar. 3, 1827; coin. Mar. 7, 1849; capt. Jan. 28, 1856; conimu. (ret. list) July 16, 1862; com. sloop "Marion," coast of Africa, 1852-5; frigate " St. Lawrence," 1861 ; sunk Coufod. i)rivateer " Petrel " off Charleston, and participated in the tight of " The Merrimack," gunboats, and batteries off Sewell's Point, Hampton Roads. Futuam, Albigence Waldo, a lawyer of Nashville, Tenn., b. Belpre', O., 11 March, 1799. U. of O. Grandson of Gen. Putnam. Author of Hist, of Middle Tenn., 8vo, 1859; Life of Gen. John Sevier, in Wheeler's Hist, of N.C. ; also a number of papers in periodicals, and contrib. to the Tenn. Hist. Soc, of which he is president. — Allibone. Putnam, Geokge Palmer, publisher, b. Brunswick, Me., Feb. 7, 1814. A descendant of John, who came from Buckinghamshire, Eng., to Salem, in 1640. Great-nephew of Gen. Putnam,' and grandson of Gen. Joseph Palmer. He has long been a bookseller in N.Y., and in 1836-47, while of the firm of Wiley and Putnam, resided in Lond. His own compila- tions arc, "Chronology," 12mo, 1833; "The Tourist in Europe," 12mo, 1838; "American Book Circular," 1843; "Amer. Facts," Svo, 1845; "The World's Progress, a Dictionary of Dates," &c., Svo, 1850, and several editions since. He also pub. Putnam's Monthly/ Mag. 1853-7 and 1868-70; " The Popular Library," 24 vols. 12mo; "Home Cyclopaedia," 1850-3, 5 vols. 12rao. Between 1848 and 1870 he pub. more than 300 vols, by Amer. authors of the first rank; and his services to American liter- ature have in various ways been of great value. Putnam, Israel, maj.-gen. Revol. army, b. Salem, Ms., 7 Jan. 1718 ; d. Brookline, Ct., 29 May, 1790. He received little educa- tion, but was endowed by nature with a power- ful frame, great courage, and an enterprising spirit. He m., and in 1739 settled in Pomfret, Ct., where by industry he acquired a good estate. In 1755 he raised and com. a company for the French war. Joining the army near Crown Point, his bravery, activity, and enterprise gained him, in 1757, the rank of maj. While stationed at Ft. Edward, he by personal exer- tions saved a powder-magazine from fire after it had burned the outer planking. In Aug. 1758, while returning to Fort Edward from a scouting exped., he fell into an ambuscade, was taken, and ab. being burned at the stake, when Molang, a French partisan, rescued him. He was taken to Montreal, where Col. Schuyler re- lieved his wants, and procured his exchange. He was a lieul.-col. at the siege of Montreal in 1760, and at the capture of Havana in 1762; and in 1764 was a col. in Bradstreet's exped. against the Western Indians. Ho was afterward an inn-keeper in Brookline, Ct., and a member of the legisl. In 1773, with Gen. Lyman, he went to the Mpi. to explore a grant of military lands, but derived no benefit iVora them. Hearing of the battle of Lexington, he left his plough where he was using it, unyoked his team, and, clothed as he was, set off for Bos- ton. He returned ; raised a regt , with which he marched to Cambridge ; was app. a provin- cial maj.-gen., and also on the continental es- tablishment, 19 June, 1775. At Bunker's Hill he was conspicuous, animating and encoura- ging the troops. On the evacuation of Boston, he was intrusted with the com. at N.Y. He afterward superintended the fortifications of Phila., and, after Trenton and Princeton, was posted at the latter place, performing great ser- vice with a small force. App. in the spring of 1777 to com. a force in the Highlands of N.Y., he made the judicious selection of West Point as the site of a fortress. While posted at Read- ing, Ct., in 1778, he was attacked by Gen. Try- on, and escaped by plunging down a steep precipice, where the British dragoons dared not follow him. This was his last active ser- vice. He was a good executive officer, more brave than prudent, frequently wanting in dig- nity, but generous and humane. — See Life by David Humphreys. Putnam, Mart (Lowell), authoress, dau. of Rev. Charles, b. Boston, Dec. 3, 1810. She was m. Apr. 5, 1832, to Samuel R. Put- nam, a merchant of Boston. From her moth- er she inherited the faculty of acquiring lan- guages to an extraordinary degree. From ■ 'le resided with her family, ch' Germany, prosecuting her s ies in languages, and collecting materials for a History of Hungary. She transl. from the Swedish " The Neighbors," by Miss Bremer ; has pub. anonymously, " Records of an Ob- scure Man," 1861 ; " 'tragedy of Errors," and " Tragedy of Success ; " dramatic poems illus- trative of slavery and the condition of the South ; and has contrib. many articles to the N.A. Review and to the Christian Examiner. Putnam, Rufus, brig.-gen., b. Sutton, Ms., Ajir. 9, 1738; d. Marietta, O., May 4, 1824. He quitted the business of a millwright to serve as a common soldier through the cam- paigns of 1757-60, and, on the surrender of Montreal, m. and settled in New Braintree, Ms., to pursue his original vocation, devoting his leisure to the study of mathematics, and attaining great proficiency in its application to navigation and surveying. In Jan. 1773 he sailed to E. Florida with a committee to ex- plore lands there supposed to have been grant- ed by parliament to the provincial officers and soldiers who had served in the French war, and was app. by the gov. dep.-surveyor of the province. Returning to Ms. he was made a lieut.-col. in David Brewer's regt. The abil- ity displayed by him as an engineer in throw- ing up defences in Roxbury secured for him the favorable consideration of Washington, who wrote to Congress that the millwright was altogether a more competent ofiicer th;in any of the French gentlemen to whom it had given 747 QXJI apijointmems in tliat line. In 1775, Putnam, ad chict cn^'i-., superintended all the defences of N.Y. ; was in Aujj. "Pp. chief enjjr., with the rank of col., but during the autumn, from some dissatisfaction with the action of Congress in regjird to his corps, left it to take com. of the 5th Ms. Regt. ; in the following spring he was attached to the Northern army, and disting. himself at the battle of Stillwater; in 1778, with his cousin Gen. Israel Putnam, he super- intended the construction of the fortifications at West Point ; after the surprise of Stony Point, he was ap|). to the command of a regt. in Wayne's brigade, in which he served to the end of the campaign; Jan. 7, 1783, he was made brig.-gen. He was several years a mem- ber of the legisl., and acted as aide to Gen. Lincoln in quelling Sliays's Rebellion in 1787. Apr. 7, 1788, as supt. of the Ohio Co., he founded Marietta, the first permanent settle- ment on the eastern part of the North-west Ter- ritory ; in 1789 ho was app. a judge of the Supreme Court of the N. W. Territory ; May 4, 1792, he was app. brig.-gen. of Wayne's army to act against the Indians, and from May, 1792, to Feb. 1793, was U.S. comniiss. to treat for peace with them, concluding an important treaty with 8 tribes at Vincennes, Sept. 27, 1792. U.S. surveyor-gen. from Oct. 1793 to Sept. 1803. In 1803 he was member of the O. Consritulional Convention. Putnam, S.\mcei„ LL.D., A.A.S., jurist, b. Uanvers, Ms., Apr. 13, 1768; d. Somerville, Ms., July 3, 1853. H.U. 1787. He studied law, and commenced practice in Salem in 1790, attaining a high position at the Essex Co. bar. He was senator from Essex in 1808, '09, '13, '14 ; representative in 1812; and in 1814-42 was a judge of the Ms. Supreme Court. Pynchon, William, leader in the Spring- field settlement in 1636, b. Essex Co., Eng., ab. 1590; d. Wraisburv, Buckinghamshire, Eng., Oct. 1662. He was' an assist, in 1628 and '29; came over with Gov. Winthrop in 1630; and was treasurer of the Colony, and a magistrate, until his removal from Roxbury, of which town he was one of the principal founders. He was chosen magistrate of Springfield in 1638, and was an assist, in 1643-50. While in Rox- bury and Springfield, he was largely concerned in the beaver-trade. In 1650 his " Meritorious Price of Christ's Redemption," in opposition to the Calvinistic view of the atonement, was pub. in Eng., causing his deposition from the magistracy. His book was burned on Boston Common by order of the court ; and the author- ities of Ms. employed Norton to answer him. In consequence of these and other persecutions, he returned to Eng. in 1652, and in 1655 is- sued a new edition of his book with additions. He also pub. " The Jewes Synagogue," 4to, 1652 ; " How the First Sabbath was ordained," &c., 1654. His son Col. John, 50 years a magistrate of Springfield, and one of the found- ers of Northampton in 1654, d. Jan. 17, 1703, a. 76. Quaekenbos, George Payne, LL.D. ( Wcsl. U. 1863), educator, b. New York, 1826. Col. Coll. 1843. He commenced teaching in N.C. In 1847 he opened a private school in N.Y. City, and has been contrib. to or editor of various journals. In 1846-8 he conducted the Literari/ American. He has pub. many popular school-books, among them "Advanced Course of Composition and Rhetoric," 18.54; " Illustrated School History of the U.S.," 1 857; " A Natural Philosopliy for Schools and Aca- demies," 1859; "Primary Historv of the U.S.," 1860; "English Grammar," 1862; and has prepared an American edition of Spiers and Surenne's French and English Dic- tionary, 1852, and a series of arithmetics on the basis of the works of Geo. R. Perkins. Quesnel, Joseph, a Canadian dramatist and comjioser, li. France, 1750; d. Montreal, July 3, 1809. He produced Colas et Colinelte, a 3-act comedy, Quebec, 1788; Lucas et Ce- citle, a musical operetta ; and Les R€pubUcains Fran<;ais, a comedy. In 1805 he wrote a trea- tise on the dramatic art, besides several musi- cal compositions of merit, which were extreme- ly popular. His sons Jules and F. A. made some figure in the political history of the Lower Province. — iJorc/an. Quinby, George W., b. Westbrook, Me., 1810. Has pub. fifteen sermons and as many prayers ; " E.xposition and Defence of Univer- salism ; " " Marriage and the Marriage Rela- tion ;" Six Lectures ; " The Gallows, the Pris- on, and the Poor-House," 1857, &c. Edited the Star in the [Vest, and contrib. to the Trumpet, &c. — Altibone. Quinby, Gen. Isaac F., b. N.J. ab. 1820. West Point, 1843. He entered the art. ; was assist, prof, of philos. at West Point, Aug. 1843 to June, 1847; 1st lieut. March 3, 1847; served with his regt. in Mexico; was adj. and quarterm. from Oct. 1 848 to Mar. 1 852, when he resigned, and became prof of math, and nat. philos. in Rochester U., which post he resumed in 1864. When the civil war broke out, he left his professorship to become col. 1 3th N.Y. Vols. ; fought gallantly at Bull Run, July 21 ; subse- quently resigned, and resumed his professorship at Rochester, until made brig.-gen. Mar. 17, 1862, and placed in com. of the Dist. of the Mpi., including the important post of Columbus, Ky. He quitted tliis post Oct. 26 to take com. of the 3d division of the Army of the Mpi. at Corinth ; com. the Yazoo Pass exped. Mar. 1863; en- gaged at Champion Hill 16 May, and assaults of Vicksburg 19-22 May, 1863; resigned 31 Dec. 1863. — Cu//um. Quincy, Edmund, jurist, agent for Ms. at the court of Great Britain, b. Braintree, Ms., Oct. 24, 1681 ; d. London, Feb. 23, 1738. H.U. 1699. In 1718 he was app. a judge of the Su- preme Court ; and for a long time held a seat in the houseof representatives, as also in the council; and was col. of a regt. In 1737 he was selected as an agent to the British court for the purpose of procuring a decision of the controversy respecting the boundary-line be- tween Ms. and N.H., but died while thus cm- ployed. The Gen. Court testified the high re- spect in which they held liim by erecting a mon- ument to his memory in Bunhill Fields. Ed- mund his son (b. 1703, d. July 4, 1788 ; H.U. 1722; merchant of Boston) pub. a trcati.se on "Hemp Husbandry," 1765. Father-in-law of John Hancock. Quincy, Edmund, polit. and misccU. au- QUI 748 QXJI thor, b. Boston, Feb. 1, 1808. H.U. 1827. Has pub. " Wensley, a Storj^ without a Mor- al," 18.54; a Memoir of his father Josiah (pres. of H.U.), 8vo, 1867; and has been a frequent contrib. to literary periodicals and political newspapers. He was long a promi- nent abolitionist ; sec of the American and Ms. Antislavery Societies. Quincy, Col. Jon.v; d. July 13, 1767, a. 78. H.U. 1708. Son of Daniel, and grand- son of Lieut.-Col. Edmund. He was maj., and afterwards col., of militia; 40 years a repre- sentative and councillor ; and long speaker of the house. When that part of Braintree in which ho lived was incorporated, the Gen. Court gave it the name of Quincy. His pa- ternal estate became the property of his great- grandson, John Quincy Adams. Quincy, Josiah, Jim., a disting. patriot, b. Boston, Feb. 23, 1744; d. Apr. 26, 1775. H.U. 1763. Grandson of Judge Quincy. His father Josiah, a Boston merchant, and a zealous friend of his country, d. at Braintree in 1784, a. 75. The son studied law two years with Oxenbridge Thatcher, and, after his adm. to the bar, soon rose to distinction in his profes- sion. In Oct. 1769 he m. the eldest dau. of Wm. Phillips, Esq. ; and in the following year, having previously been conspicuous as an ar- dent writer and speaker on the side of the peo- ple, he was called upon to defend, in conjunc- tion with John Adams, the perpetrators of the Boston Massacre. So strong was the public feeling against thesoldiers, that, notwith- standing the approved patriotism of their de- fenders, they incurred much odium in the per- formance of this trying duty. Compelled by ill-health to abandon all business, he embarked Feb. 8, 1773, for Charleston, S.C, and in the ensuing May returned home by land, so much benefited as to be able to resume his labors. In May, 1774, appeared his " Observations on the Act of Parliament commonly called the Boston Port Bill," &c. In Sept. 1774 he went to Eng., and labored unremittingly while in Lon- don to promote the interests of his country, be- coming intimate with the principal Whigs, and maintaining a constant corresp. with the patriot leaders at home, which, together with his interest- ing joum.al and the tract above mentioned, are contained in the Memoir written by his son Jo- siah in 1825. He left London, March 16, 1775, contrary to the counsel of his physician, grew worse and worse during the voyage, and breathed his last when in sight of land, at the early age of 31. Author of R-eports Sup. Court Ms. Bay, 1761-72, edited by S. M. Quincy, 8vo, 1S65. — See Life of, by his Son, 8vo. 1825. Quincy, Joshh, LL.D., statesman and scholar, son of the preceding, b. Boston, 4 Feb. 1772; d. Quincy, Ms., 1 July, 1864. H.U. 1790. He studied law under Judge Tudor; began practice in Boston in 1793 ; was a State senator in 1804; M.C. in 1805-13; again a State senator in 1815-20 ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1820 ; speaker of the house of Ms. 1820-1 ; judge of the Boston Municipal Court 1822; mavor of Boston 1823-9; and prcs.of II.U. in_1829-Aug. 1845. As a Federal- ist, he opposed in Congress the measures of the dominant party with great vigor, spealdng against the admission of La. in 1811, and op- posing the war of 1812. His readiness in de- bate, earnestness and fervor of speecli, quickness of wit, and powerful satire, made him a con- stant thorn in the side of the administrations of Jefferson and Madison. As a judge he laid down the rule, th.at the pubUcation of the truth, with pood intentions, and for a justifiable mo- tive, wj< iiMt liliellous. Under his auspices, and iliM ill- lii^ iiKiyoralty, great improvements were iiKide in l!tun, and the Quincy Market was Ijiiilt. His elHeient management of H.U. left it highly prosperous. He was one of the first, if not the first, among Northern men to de- nounce the slaveholding interest as a rising and diingerous tyranny. In 1856, though in his 85th year, he spoke and wrote in advocacy of the election of Fremont to the presidency. He took great interest in the progress of the war for the Union, which he viewed as the most hopeful sign of the country's future he had ever seen, and predicted from the date of its close a new and grander era of national great- ness. Author of a " Memoir of Josiah Quincy, Jun.," 1825 ; " History of Harvard University," 2 vols. 1840; " Speeches in Congress and Ora^ tions;" " Life of J. Q. Adams," 1858; "His- tory of the Boston Athenjeum," 1S51 ; "Es- says on the Soiling of Cattle," ISC9; "Me- moir of James Grahame," 184r. ; "Journals and Memoir of Maj. Samuel b^h.iw," IS47; "Municipal History of Boston," 1S52; and Centennial Address on the 200th Anniv. of Boston, 1830. — iSee Life .by his Son Edmund Quincy, 1867. Quincy, Josiah, Jun., an eminent citizen of Boston, b. Jan. 17, 1802. H.U. 1821. Son of the preceding. He became a counsellor-at-Iaw ; member of the city council 1 833 ; its pres. 1834-7; pres. of the senate 1842 ; and mayor of Boston 1845. It was during his mayoralty, and principally by his means, that the Cochitu- atc water was lirought into Boston, — the most iin| ,iiii |.itl.;h \\>.i k I .> r I ■.> . 111. (1 ill Boston, Wl|. I. !, • ■, • ;. :■!!: ^1 ^l^l ^'i •■.,:!. ■ .i I I I 1 1 1 I V O thcr inr- ■,■■,'.■..■;■:■ 1|. ... I i.iiiv years trea-ni, r m il,r W. -|, i;, |;,,i:i-.m<1 aild'of the Boston Athen.'cum. Quincy, Josiah Phillips, b. Boston, 1830. H. U. 1850. Son of the preceding. Author of " Lyteria," a dramatic poem, 1856 ; " Char- icles," a dramatic poem, 1856. Contributed to Saiiain's and Putnam's Magazines and other periodicals. MiLI Boston, , Sept, Quincy, Samuel 1833. H.U. 1852. Br.. of the Boston bar ; eo . of the Montlilii Law /. Capt. 2d Ms. Vols. .MiM 17, 1862; col. Nov. 9, 1802; resigned June 2, 1 863 ; lieut.-eol. 73d U.S. (colored) Oct. 20, 1863 ; col. May. 24, 18B4; lirev. brig.-gen. Has pub. " Reports of the Superior Court of the Province of Ms. Bay, 1761-72," by Josiah Quincy, jun., with an Appcndi.x upon " The Writs of As- sistance," by Horace Gray, jun., 8vo, 1865. Quint, Alonzo Hall, i).D., Con^j:. clergy- man and hist, writer, b. Barnstead, N,H., Mar. 22,1828. D.C. 1846; And. Scm. 1852. Pastor Mather Church, W. Roxbury, 1853-63; chap- QUI 749 RA.in lain 2d Ms. Rcgt. 1861-4; pastor North Cong. Ch., N. Bi'dford, Ms., since July 21, 1864. He has pub. " Armv Notes, &c., 1861-3," Boston, I2mo, 1864; "History of the 2d Ms. Kegt.," 1867. A proprietor and editor of the Cong. Quarterlji, and a contrib. to the N. E. Uist. and Geneal. Reg. and the Dover Enquirer ; member of the Ms. State Board of Education, 18.'55-61. Quintard, Charles Todd, D. D. (Col. Coll. 1853), LL.D., grad. M.D. (U. of N.Y.) 1846, b. Stamford, Ct., 22 Dec. 1824. Became a physician of the N.Y. Dispensatory, 1 847 ; prof.of physiol. and anat. Memphis Med. Cull. 1851; ord. iu Pr.-Ep. Ch. 1855; and became in 1858 rector of the Ch. of the Advent, Nash- ville; conscc. bishop of Tenn. Oct. 11, 1865. Author of " A Plain Tract on Confirmation," "A Preparation for Confirmation;" and in early life contrib. largely to med. periodicals. He was an earnest secessionist, and a vol. chaplain in the Confed army. — History of titamford. Qiliroga (ke-ro'-gii), Jose, a Spanish Jesuit, b. Galicia, 1707; d. 1804. Ab. 1745 he was sent by the King of Spain to explore Patagonia. His Journal of his Voyage was inserted by Charlevoix in his " History of Paraguay." Quitman, John Anthony, LL. D. (La Gr:\Tige Coll.), soldier and politician, b. Rhine- beck, N.Y., Sept. 1, 1799; d. Natchez, Mpi., July 17, 1858. Son of Frederick Henry, D.l). (1760-1832), Lutheran pastor of Rhine- beck, N.Y. ; author of " Treatise on Magic," 1810; "Evangelical Catechism," 1814; " Three Sermons on the Reformation," 1817 ; edited Hymn-Book of the N.Y. Synod, 1817. The son received a good education ; was a prof, of law in Mt. Airy Coll., Pa., in 1819; began to " practise law in 1820 at Chillicothe, O., but in 1823 settled in Natchez; became a planter, and was disting. at the bar and in the politics of the State ; chancellor of the Superior Court 1828-31 and 1832-4; member of the State Icgisl. in 1 828-32, and, as pres. of the State sen- ate in 1835, was gov. pro tern. ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1831 ; dis'ting. in the Texan struggle in 1836; visited Europe in 1839, and on his return was app. judge of the High Court of Errors and Appeals. App. brig.-gen. of vols, by Pies. Polk, July 1, 1846 ; maj.-gen. Apr. 14, 1847. He received a sword from Congress lor gallantry at Monterey. He was subsequently disting. at Chapultepec and the Bclen Gate, and was app. by Gen. Scott gov. of the citv of Mexico. Gov. of Mpi. 1850- 1 ; M.C. 1855-8, and at the head of the mili- tary committee. He was a devoted adherent of Calhoun and his political doctrines, anil a leader of the party favorable to the annexation of Cuba. He was a man of high character and r It less integritv. — See Life and Coiresp. by F. H. Claiborne, 2 vols. 1860. Kabum, William, gov. of Ga. 1817-19, b. Halifax Co., N.C., Apr. 8, 1771 ; d. Han- cock Co., Ga., Oct. 23, 1819. He removed to 6a. at the ago of 15, where, with slight educa- tional advantages, he rose to the highest honors of the State. Judge of the' Inferior Court, and a member of the Assembly and Senate. Radford, William, 'rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Va. Midshipm. Mar. 1, 1825; lieut. Feb. 9, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. April 24, 1863; rear-adm. July 25, 1866. Com. the party that cut out " The Malek Adel," a Mexican vessel-of-war, at Mazat- lan in 1847; com. " The Cumberland "in 1861, and was on court-martial duty at Old Point when she was sunk by "The Merrimack;" com. " The New Ironsides," and iron-clad divis- ion of Porter's squadron at the two attacks on Fort Fisher in Dec. 1864 and Jan. 1865. He com. the European squadron in 1869-70.^ — Hamcrsli). Sae, John, M.D., LL.D., arctic explorer, b. in the Orkneys. Took a surgeon's diploma at Edinburgh, and entered the service of tho Hudson's Bay Co., as a surgeon, in 1833. He made many extensive journeys and explora- tions; aceomp. Sir J. Richardson, in 1848, in a search for Sir John Franklin; and in 1850 was placed by the H. B. Co. in charge of a similar exped. During an exped. to Repulse Bay in 1853-4, he discovered a new river, which falls into Chesterfield Inlet; and in the follow- ing spring disting. himself as the first discov- erer of the fate of Sir John Franklin's party. He had travelled 1,100 miles, including a pre- liminary journey, when he made this important discovery, for which he received the govern- ment reward of £10,000 sterling. In 1852 he received the founder's gold medal of the Royal Geog. Society of London, and is an honorary member of various learned and scientific bodies. He was in 1861 on an expedition to visit Red River and the Rocky Mountains. He has pub. a work exposing the fallacies of free trade, Svo, 1834 ; " Exped. to the Arctic Sea in 1846- 7," Svo, London, 1850. — Morgan. "RsS, George Wertz, late probate judge of Stark Co., O., b. there 1825. Author of " Guide to E.xecutors and Administrators in Ohio," 1859 ; " Manual of Pensions, Bounties, and Pay," 1 862 ; " Law of Roads and High- wavs," 1863; "War Claimant's Guide," Svo, 1866. Bafinesque, Constantine Smaltz, bot- anist, b. Galatz, a suburb of Constantinople, 1784; d. Phila. Sept. 18, 1842. He lost his father when he was ab. 7 years of age ; and, to- gether with a bro., was sent to the U.S. in 1 802. He visited Phila., where his taste for natural history strongly developed itself; travelled through theadjacentcountry,making numerous collections of botanic specimens ; and in 1 805 went to Sicily, where he pub. " The Analysis of Nature," in the French language. After losing by shipwreck all his eflxjcts, including his booli, manuscripts, and drawings, he in 1815 arrived in New York; but in 1818 emi- grated to the West, and was for a time prof, of botanjr in Transylv. U. at Lexington, Ky. ; travelling also, ai'id lecturing elsewhere, until he finally settled in Phila. In 1836, after a life of great vicissitude, which was marked by but a small amount of enduring achievements com- pared with his aims and hopes, Rafinesque pub. " Life, Travels, and Researches," which was mostly a narrative of his own journeys and observations. Ho pub. 8 numbers of the Allan- tir Journal and Friend of Knowledge, begun in the spring of 1832; ""American Florist," 750 RAL 1832 ; "The American Nations," 12mo, 1836; " Ancient Hist, of Ky.," &c., 8vo, 1824 ; " Medi- cal Flora of the U.S.," 1828-30, 2 vols. ; " The World," a poem, 8vo, 1836 ; " S.ife Banking," 1837; "The American Monuments of N. and S. America," 8vo, 1838; "Genius and Spirit of the Hebrew Bible," 1838; "Pleasures and Duties of Wealth," 1840 ; " The Good Book," 8vo, 1840. His " Complete Conchology," ed- ited by Binney and Tryon, was pub. Phila., 8vo, 1864. — Allibone. Rafn, Carl Christian, P.D., a Danish archiEologist, b. Brahesborg, Island of Funcn, Jan. 16, 1795 ; d. 20 Oct. 1864. Educated at the U. of Copenhagen, of which in 1821 he was made an assist, librarian, and while there undertook a general revision of all the Icelandic and Norwegian MSS. yet unpub. belonging to the collection. Through his efforts the So- ciety of Northern Antiquities was founded, which has pub. more than 70 vols, on the hist, and antiiimtics of the North. His " Antiquitates Americrnm xen Scriptores Si-ptaitrlonalrs Rerum Antf-Cohimhianorum in America" (Copenhagen, 1837) attempts to prove that the Scandinavians discovered America in the 10th century, and subsequently effected settlements in what is now Ms. and R.I. An important sequel to this work is " The Historical Monuments of Greenland," 3 vols. 1 838-45. Of liis "Antiqui- ties Riissts," 2 vols. app. in 1850-2. As sec. of the Societj for Northern Antiquities, he pre- pared various works for the press, and also translated and edited other works. — Appleton. Kaguet, CONDY, LL.D. (St. Mary's Col- lege, Bait.), merchant and political economist, b. Phila. Jan. 28, 1784; d. there March 22, 1 842. U. of Phila. He studied law, but, en- tering a counting-house, was at the age of 20 sent to St. Domingo as supercargo of a vessel. On his return from a second voyage thither in 1805, he pub. " A Short Account of St. Domin- go, and a Circumstantial Account of the Mas- sacre there." Embarking in 1806 in busine.s.s on his own account, he was prosperous, became one of the founders and managers of the Phila. Saving Fund, pres. of the Pa. Life-Annuity Co., and also of the Chamber of Commerce. He took an active part during the war of 1812 in concerting measures for the defence of the city ; and was in 1815 a member of the Assem- bly, and subsequently of the State senate. In 1822 he was app. consul at Eio Janeiro ; soon afterwards was intrusted with the negotiation of a commercial treaty with Brazil, to which he was the first charge' d'affaires, and remained there 5 years. After his return to the U.S., he became the editor of several journals devoted to the advocacy of the doctrines of free trade, and was a contrib. to the Portfolio; member Amer. Philos. Soc. He pub. "Principles of Free Trade," 8vo, 1836 ; and "A Treatise on Currency and Banking," in 1839, repub. in Lond., also translated into French, and pub. in Paris in 1840. — flunCs ilerch. Maq., vii. k,542. Rains, Gabriel James, gen. C.S.A., b. N.C. West Point, 1827. Entering the 7th Inf , he became capt. Dec. 25, 1837 ; brev. maj. for gallantry in action with the Seminoles near Fort lung.Fla., April 28, 1840, where he com. and was severely wonnded ; maj. 4th Inf Mar. 9, 1851 ; in Nov. 1855 was app. by the acting gov. brig.-gen. Washington Terr. Vols. ; lieut.- col. 5th Inf 5 June 1860; resigned July 31, 1861. At the battle of Wilson's Creek, Aug. 2, he was in com. as brig.-gen. of the advance guard of the army which fought the battle of Aug. 10, in which Gen. Rains com. a division. Disting. at Shiloh and at Perryville. Bains, James Edward, brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Nashville, Tenn., 10 Apr. 1833; killed at the battle of Stone River 31 Dec. 1862. Y.C. 1854. He was a prominent lawyer and Whig politician, and at one time editor of its organ m Tcnn., the Uailii Repub. Banner. Disting. at Shiloh and at Perryville. Though an active Unionist before the war, he then resigned the attorney-generalship of his dist., took com. of a regt., and was for a time in com. at Cum- berland Gap. Rainsborow, Gen. William, a parlia- mentary officer ; killed at Doncaster, Eng., 1648. He resided in Charlestown, Ms., in 1639; had an estate at Watertown in 1640; was a member of the A. and H. Art. Co. of Bos- ton, and was a relative of the Winthrops. Re- turning to Eng. in 1644, he was app. capt. of a troop of hor.se intended for Ireland ; and in 1646 gov. of Worcester. He was highly fa- vored by Cromwell ; was col. of a regt. in which Israel Stoughton was lieut.-col., Nehemiah Bourne major, and John Leverctt capt. He was surprised and slain at his quarters. Rale (sometimes erroneously written Rale, Ralle, and Rasles), Sebastien, a French missionarv to the Indians, b. Franche Comte, 1658; killed at Norridgewock, Me., Aug. 12, 1724. Joining the Jesuits, he for a time taught Greek at the Coll. of Nismes. He came to Quebec in Oct. 1689; was first sta- tioned at the Abenaki Mission of St. Francis, near the falls of the Chaudiere, then in the Illinois country ; and finally at Norrid.;cwock, on the Kennebec, as early as 1695. Raleaccomp. the Indianson all their hunting and fishing ex- cursions, and obtained great influence over the Abenakis. Tlie English accused him of insti- gating the forrays of the savages upon the settle- ments along the coast, and seta price upon his head. His church was burned in 1705, and a second exped. (in 1722) pillaged his cabiiiand the church, which had been rebuilt, carrying off, amongotherpapers.hisDictionaryof the Abena- ki Language, which is now preserved in the libra- ry of Harv. Coll., and has been printed in the Memoirs of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences, with an introd. and notes by John Pickering, 4to, 1833. In 1724 a party from Fort Rich- mond surprised Norridgewock, killed a number of the Indians, and shot Rale at the foot of the mission cross ; 7 chiefs who endeavored to pro- tect him sharing his fate. His body was after- ward disgracefully mutilated. A monument was erected to his memory by Bishop Fcnwick, 29 Aug. 1 833.— See Memoir by C. Francis, D.D., in Sparks's Amer. Biuij., 2d series, vol. 7. Ralegh, Sir Walter, soldier, statesman, and writer, h. Budleigh, Devon, Eng., 1552 ; d. 18 Oct. 1618. Educated at Oxford. In 1569- 75 he fought for the Huguenots in France ; and in 1576-9, under Sir John Norris, in the Low RAJL. 751 Countries. In 1579 he set out with Sir Ilnm- phrey Gilbert, his half-bro., on an expeil. to Newfouniihmd; but it was frustrated by a Span- ish fleet. He next served in Ireland. From another exped. to Newfoundland with Gilbert, in 1583, he was forced to return by the break- ing-out of a contagious disease on board his ship. Rale<;h determined to plant a colony in America, obtained an extensive patent, sent out two ships under Barlow that brought back good cargoes, and sent in 1585 a second exped. under Greenville ; but the colony was badly governed, and returned in 1 586. Tobacco and potatoes were introduced into Europe by these voyages. Wisely determining to found an a;;ri- cultural colony, in April, 1587, he sent a large body of emigrants, with their wives and families, toraakeasettlementin Chesapeake Bay. Grant- ing them a charter, and app. a municipal govt, for the city of Raleigh, he intrusted the ad- ministration to John White, with 11 assistants. They founded their city on the site of the old settlement at Roanoke Island, and sent back for re-enforcements. They never came ; and 2 of Ralegh's ships were taken by the French. His means were exhausted, and the colonists all perished. Having expended £40,000 in his efforts at colonization, Ralegh in 1589 formed under his patents a company of " Merchants and Adventurers" to continue them. After receiving many marks of royal favor, he in 1589 accomp. the expelled king of Portugal in his attempt to re-instate himself, hut rendered him- self obnoxious by taking bribes for the exertion of his influence. In Feb. 1595 he made an exped. to Guiana, and reached the great River Orinoco. In 1596 he had a naval command under Essex in the attack on Cadiz, but became his enemy, and promoted his downfall and e.-ce- cution. lie w.as deprivcdof his posts by James I., and, upon suspicion of being implicated in a conspiracy to place Arabella Stuart upon the throne, was declared guilty of high treason, and was 12 years confined in the Tower, during which period he composed his " History of the World." To retrieve his fortunes, he under- took a settlement in Guiana, but, having at- tacked the Spanish settlement of St. Thomas, offended King James, who was then seeking the hand of the infanta for his son Charles, anil who, upon his return, caused his arrest and trial, which resulted in sentence of death, and his speedy execution. Ball, or Eahl, a Hessian col. in the British service; killed at the battle of Trenton, Dec. 26, 1776. Ho had seen service in the seven-years' war, and with his regt. (de Rati) formeil part of the continL'ent hired of the elector of Hesse Cassel by George HI., and landed at Staten Is- land in June, 1776. He took part in the battle of White Plains, in the capture of Fort Wash- ington, where he was particularly disting., and, after the Americans evacuated N. J., was placed in com. of an advanced post at Trenton. Here he was surprised and slain on the morn- ing after Christmas. Ralph, James, polit. writer, b. Phila. ; d. Chiswick, Eng., 24 Jan. 17G2. He was a schoolmaster, and went to Eng. with Franklin in 1 724 as a literary adventurer, leaving behind him his wife and child. In 1728 he pub. a poem entitled " Night," which Pope alludes to in " The Dunciad." He wrote plavs and politi- cal pamphlets, attaching himself to the party of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and received a pen- sion from George III. Author of " Use and Abuse of Parliaments," 2 vols. 8vo ; '• Hist, of Eng. during the Reigns of Charles II., James II., William III.," &c., 2 vols, fol., &c. — 5ce Franklin's Autohiajraphy. Ralston, Samoel, D.D. ("Wash. Coll. 1822), b. Donegal Co., Ireland, 1758; d. Car- roll, Pa., Sept 25, 1851. U. of Glasgow. He came to America in 1794, and in 1796 took charge of the congregations of Mingo Creek and Williamsport, continuing there till he d. Author of " Baptism, a Review of Campbell and Walker's Debate ; " "A Brief Examina- tion of the Prophecies of Daniel and John." 1842; "The Seven Last Plagues," 1842; "De- fence of Evangelical Psalmody," 1844. — Sprague. Ramage, Adam, inventor of the Ramage printing-press, a native of Scotland, who came here about the year 1 800 ; d. Phila. July 9, 1850, a. 80. His improvement, tlv first that was made in the printing-prcts of a century ago, consisted in a modification of the shape of the screw, and to this day is. for some pur- poses, the best that has been invented. Ramirez, Rt. Rev. Francisco, D.D., bishop of Caradro, and vicar apostolic of Ta- maulipas, Mexico, b. Mexico, 182.3 ; d. Brazos Santiagos, Texas, July 18, 1869. Educated a priest, ho took an active part against Juarez, and while in Europe was, through the influenc3 of the archbishop of Morelia, made a bishop. Attaching himself to the Emperor Maximilian, he was his almoner, and subsequently caliinet councillor. He was a true friend of the Mexi- can race. On the dowwnfall of the emperor, ho escaped to Texas, where he lived in obscurity and want. Ramsey, Alexander, M.D., anatomist, h. Eng. ab. 1754; d. Parsonsfield, Me., Nov. 24, 1824, of the bite of a rattlesnake two years before. He had resided long in the U.S. as a lecturer on anatomy and physiolo<.'y. Ho pub. " Anatomy of the Heart, Cranium, and Br.ain," 2d ed., Edinb., 1813; " Plates on the Brain," 4to, Lond, 1812. Ramsey, Alexander, statesman, b. near Harrisburg, Pa., Sept. 8, 1815; clerk in the office of the register of Dauphin Co. in 1838 ; clerk of the Pa. h. of representatives in 1841 ; M.C. 1843-7; chairman of the State central committee in 1848 ; gov. of Minn. Terr. 1849- 53, and negotiated treaties by which the govt, secured large tracts of lands from the Sioux Indians ; made treaties with the Cliippewas ; mayor of the city of St. Paul in 1S55 ; gov. of Minn. 18G0-4; and U.S. senator in 1 86.3-9. Ramsay,DAViD,M.D.(Phila. Coll. 1772), phvsician and historian, b. Lancaster Co , Pa., 2 Apr. 1749 ; d. Charleston, S.C.,8 May, 1815. N. J. Coll. 1 765. His father was an Irish emi- grant and a farmer. He was for two years tutor in a wealthy family in Md. Removing to Charleston in 1773, he soon acquired celebrity as a physician ; labored zealously «itli his pen in the cause of his countrv ; was a leading member of the S.C. legisl. in 1776-83 ; served 752 as a surgeon in the army, anil was at the sie^e of Savannah ; was a member of the council ; and on the capture of the citj' in May, 1780, was confined 1 1 months at St. Augustine. He distinj;. himself in the legisl. by opposing the confiscation acts ; member of the Old Congress in 1782-6 ; 21 years member of the State legisl., the last 7 of which he was pres. of the senate. During the progress of the Revol., Dr. Ramsay colleticd mutLrials for its history; and his great impartiality, his fine memory, and his ac- quaiiitami.' with iiiany of the actors in it, emi- nently qiialiliud him forthetask. Hisdeathwas occasioned by wounds received two days pre- vious from the pistol of a maniac. In Jan. 1787 he m. Martha, dau. of Henry Laurens, disting. for learning and piety, b. 3 Nov. 1759, d. 10 June, 1811. Among his writings is a " History of the Revol. in S.C," 2 vols. 1 78.5 ; " History of the Amer, Revol.," 2 vols. 1790 ; "Life of Washington," 1801; " Historv of S.C," 180S; "Memoirs of Martha L. Ram- say," 1811; Medical. Eetjister for 1802 ; " Sleans of preserving Health in Charleston;" "His- tory of the indep. Church in Charleston, S.C, from its Origin to 1814 ; " and a " Hist, of the U.S. to 1808," pnb. from his MS., with con- tinuation by Rev. S. S. Smith, 3 vols. 1816. His " Universal Hist. Americanized " was pub. in 8 vols. 1819. He also pub. "Oration, 4 Julv, 1778 ; " an " Oration on the Acquisition of Louisiana," 1804; and " Eulogium on Dr. Rush," 181.3. Ramsay, George D., hrevt. maj.-gen. U.S.A., h. Va. West Point, 1820. Kntering the art., he became capt. of ordnance 25 Feb. 1835; maj. 22 Apr. 1861; lieut.-col. 3 Aug. 1861 ; col. 1 June, 1863; brig.-gen. and chief of ordn. 15 Sept. 1863 ; retired 12 Sept. 18B4 ; brev. maj. 23 Sept. 1846 for gallantry at Mon- terey ; brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for long and faithful services. — Citlhim. Ramsay, Col. Nathaniel, Revol. pa- triot of Md., bro. of David the historian ; d. 25 Oct. 1817. N.J. Coll. 1767. At Mon- mouth he with his regt. checked the British column until Washington could rally his troops, and fell pierced with wounds. Made prisoner at Charleston; exchanged 14 December, 1780. Deleg. of Md. to the Old Congress 178.5-7. Ramseur, Stephen D., maj.-gen. C.S. A., b. N.C. 1837. West Point, 1860. Died 21 Oct. 1864 of a wound received at Cedar Creek, Va., while com. a division under Early. Rand, Asa. Cong, clergvman and editor, b. Rindgc, N.H., Aug. 6, 1783 ; d. Ashburn- ham, Ms., 24 Aug. 1871. D.C 1806. Son of Col. Daniel, an early settler of Rindge, who d. 1811, a. 69. Ord. at Gorham, Me., Jan. 18, 1809; edited the Christian Mirror at Portland, Me., in 1822-5; then took charge of the female sem. at Brookfield. In July, 1826, he became editor of the Boston Recorder, also editing the Youth's Companion, and the Volunteer, a reli- gious monthly. Removing to Lowell in 18.33, he was connected with a bookstore and printing- office, and pub. the Lowell Observer, v/eekiy. On the restoration of his health in 1835, he re- turned to his chosen vocation of preaching ; lectured on antislavery in Me. and Ms. ; in Sept. 1837^2 he ministered in Pompey, N.Y. ; afterward pastor of the Presb. church in Peter- borough, N.Y. While at Gorham, he assisted in conducting a religious quarterly pub. at Portland 1814-18. Mr. Rand's publications are, besides occas. sermons, a vol. of " Familiar Sermons," a " Review of Finney's Sermon," " New Divinity Tried," a vindication of the same, and a letter to Rev. Dr. Beecher. Rand, Benjamin Howard, M.D., b. Phila. 1827. Jeff. Med. Coll. 1848. Son of B. H. Rand, writing-master in Phila. (1794- 1862). Prof of chemistry, Phila. Med. Coll., 1853, and lecturer on chemistry in the Frank- lin Institute ; prof of chemistry in Jeff. Med. Coll. 1864. Author of "Med. Chem. for Stu- dents," 1855; "Elements of Med. Chem.," 1866. Edited Metcalfe's "Caloric," 2 vols. 1859, and contrib. to med. periodicals. His sister Marion H., a contrib. of poetry to peri- odicals, b. 1824, d. Grahamville, S.C, 1849. — See Specimen of her verse in Read's and also in Mail's Female Poets of Amir. Rand, Edward Sprague, Jan., b. Bos- ton, Oct. 20, 1834. H.U. 1855 ; Camb. Law School, 1857. Law-partner of his father, E. S. Rand, a disting. lawyer of Boston. Author of " Life-Memories and other Poems," 1859; "Flowers for the Parlor and Garden," 1863; " Garden-Flowers, How to Cultivate Them," 1866 ; a vol. on " Greenhouse Plants," and on " Orchids." He assisted in Flint's edition of Harris's " Insects of Ms.," edited the floral dept. of the Homestead, and is a contrib. to many scientific journals. — Allihone. Rand, Isaac, M.D., an eminent physician, b. Charlestown, Ms., Apr. 27, 1743; d. Boston, Dec. 11, 1822. H.U. 1761. He studied medi- cine with his fother Dr. Isaac of Charlestown (1718-90), and settled in Boston in 1764. Dis- ting. for his attainments in the exact sciences, he, with Samuel Williams, was selected to ac- comp. Prof. Winthrop to Newfoundland in 1761 to observe the transit of Venus. Ho rose rapidly in reputation, and in a few years shared largely in the best business of the town. Pres. of the Ms. Med. Soc, 1798-1804. He pub. essays on the Yellow Fever of 1798, and on Hydrocephalus Intemus, written in 1785, as Avell as a discourse on the Use of the Warm Bath, and Digitalis in Pulmonary Consump- tion, delivered in 1804 before the Med. So- ciety. — Thacher. Randall, Alexander W., politician, b. Montgomery Co., N.Y., Oct. 1819. Received a good education ; studied law ; went to Wiscon- sin in 1 840 ; practised at Waukesha, of which place he was postmaster ; in the legisl. in 1 854 ; judge of the 2d dist. 1856 ; gov. of Wis. 1857- 61; minister to Italy 1861-5; U.S. assist, post- raaster-gen. 1865-6; postmaster-gen. 186G-9. Randall, Archibald, lawyer and jurist; d. Phila. May 30, 1846, a. 46. Adra. to the bar in 1818, he practised with success for more than 25 years. In 1834 he was app. a judge of theC.C.P.; in 1842 he was rais"d to the bench of the U. S. Dist. Court for the Eastern Dist. of Pa. ; and in 1844 he presided over both the Dist. and Circuit Courts of Eastern Pa. His decisions in bankruptcy are in Pa. Law Journal, 1842-6, 5 vols. 8vo. Randall, Henry Stephens, LL.D., b. 753 R^>r corps in Wilkes's exploiing exped. Plas puli. papers on nat. hist, in the "Tra ' Sci. I Madison Co., N. Y., 1811. Un. CoU. 1S30. Adm. to the bar, but never practised. Sec. of state andsupt. of public instruction, N.Y. 1851. Author of " Sheep Husbandry," 8to, 1849 ; " The Practical Shepherd," Svo ; " Life of Jef- ferson," 3 vols. 8to, 1857; "Fine-wool Sheep Husbandry," 8to, 1863; "Fu-st Principles of Popular Education," &c., 8to, 1868. Assoc, editor of Moore's Pairal New-Yorker, and con- trib. to many peiiodicals. Author of a number of educational reports. — AUibone. Randall, John Witt, M.D. (1839), b. Boston. H.U. 1834. Member of the scientific . Plas pub. ' Acad. Nat. and Boston Nat. Hist. Soc. ; " Consola^ tions of Solitude," a toI. of poems, 1 856. Randolph, Beverly, member of Assem- bly during the Revol., and gov. of Va. 1788- 91; Wm.andM.CoU. 1771 ; d. Feb. 1797, a. 43. Randolph, Edmund, statesman, b. Va. 10 Aug. 1753; d. Frederick Co., Va., 12 Sept. 1813. Son of John, atty.-gen. of Va., and a loyalist (b. 1728, d. Lond. 31 Jan. 1784), con- sidered the ablest lawyer in Va. Bro. of Pey- ton. Edmund became eminent as a lawyer; was a warm friend of the Revol. ; Aug. 15, 1775, became aide to Washington ; was the del- egate of Williamsburg to the conv. of May, 1776 ; became atty.-gen. of the State in July; delegate to Congress in 1779-82; gov. of Va. 1 786-8 ; member of the conv. that formed the Federal Const., and introduced what was called the " Va. Plan ; " voted against the instrument, but in the Va. conv. urged its acceptance; U.S. atty.^en. 1 789-90; U.S. sec. of state 1 794- Aug. 1795, having lost the confidence of the admin- istration in consequence of an intrigue with the French minister. He was disinherited by his father for refusing to adhere to the royal cause. His person, mode of speaking, and the cast of his eloquence, are described by Wirt in his " British Spy." He m. the dau. of R. C. Nich- olas. Author of "A Vindication " of his res- ignation, Svo, 1795. Randolph, Edw.ird, an agent sent from Great Britain to ascertain the condition of the N. Eng. Colonies, and who gave them great trouble by his hostility to their interests ; came to Boston in 1676, and was the principal means of depriWng Ms. of her charter. He was a member of the council during the govt, of An- dres, and in 1689 was imprisoned with him as a traitor. Subsequently released, he went to the_West Indies, where ho died. Wythe, politician, . Albemarle Co., Va., Apr. 4, 1867. Son of Gov. Thos. M. He was a grandson of Jeft'erson. Entered the na- vy at the age of 13 ; attained a lieutenancy, which he resigned ; began to practise law at Charlottesville in 1845, and at Richmond in 1 850. He was considered a leader in the seces- sion war in Va. ; was a major at Bethel, and for gallantry there was made a brig.-gen. ; see. of war for the Confed. Mar. 17-Nov. 17, 1862. Resuming the practice of law, he in Dec. 1863 went to France as agent for the Confed. trcas. dept., and returned home in Sept. 1865 with shattered health. His bro., T. J. Randolph, edited the Jett'erson Papers. mg, gr.-granddau. of Pocahontas, and who w treas. of the Colony. His father d Randolph, Gboege W . Edge Hill, Va., ab. 1802; Randolph, Jacob, M.D. (U. of Pa. 181 7), physician, b. Phila. Nov. 25, 1796; d. there Feb. 29, 1848. His ancestor Edward Fitz Ran- dolph emig. to N.E. in 1630, and aftenvard settled in N. J. His father, of the same name, was an officer of the 4th Pa. Regt. in the Revo!, war, Jacob began practice in Phila. ; m. the eldest dau. of Dr. Physick in 1822; and soon attained eminence as a surgeon. Surgeon to the almshouse in 1830; a surgeon of the Pa. Hospital from 1835 to liis death; and in 1847, after having been some time lecturer upon clin- ical surgery in the Pa. U., was made prof, of that lirancb. He pub. a Memoir of Dr. Phys- ick in 1839, and contrib. many valuable papers to medical journals. Member of the American Philor. Soc. and of the Coll. of Surgeons, and a consulting surgeon to the Phila. Dispensary. — Gross's Amer. Med. Biog. Randolph, Johx, of Roanoke, orator, b. Cawsons, Chesterfield Co., Va., 2 June, 1773; d. Phila. 24 May, 1833. John his father was the son of Col. Richard of Curies, who m. Jane EoU- 775, and in the autumn of I77S his mother m. St. George Tucker. In 1784 he was sent to Ber- muda for his health, which was much improved there ; and he passed his time in reading the best English authors. In 1787 he studied at N. J. Coll., and in 1788-90 at Col. Coll., N. Y. In 1 799 he entered Congress from the Charlotte Dist., which he represented till 1829 with the exception of 4 years, holding in 1825-7 a scat in the U.S. senate. He was a Democ, a par- tisan of State rights, and a political friend of Jefferson. About the end of 1804 he was app. chief manager of the impeachment trial of Judge Chase ; became estranged from Jefferson about 1 806 ; separated from his political asso- ciates ; tried to defeat the election of Madison ; opposed the embargo and the war of 1812, and was, in consequence, defeated in the election of 1813. He opposed the recharter of the U.S. Bank in 1816, and the Mo. Compromise Bill of 1820, because it prohibited the extcn.'^ion of slavery, at the same time stigmatizing the Northern men who voted for it as "dough- faces." One of his most marked eflbrts was his speech in 1 822 against a resolution of sym- pathy for the Greeks, then struggling for inde- pendence. In 1826, after the app. by Pres. Ad- ams of Mr. Clay as sec. of state, he insulted Clay in a speech, alluding to the affair as a "combination of the Puritan with the black- leg." His apologist Garland admits that "he indulged in language of the grossest personal insult." In the duel that ensued, Randolph's pistol went off before the word : Clay fired with- out effect, and his adversary then threw away his fire. He supported Jackson for the presi- dency in 1828, and in 1830-1 was minister to Russia, returning home in feeble health. He sympathized with the nullifiers of S.C. He (Ued as he was about taking passage for Europe. By his wi'l he manumitted his 300 slaves, mak- ing provision for their support. He was never married. He was a man of genius, of ready wit, and a master of sarcasm and invective. " He was like an Ishmaelite," says Garland ; " his hand against every man, and every man's RAJSr 754 RAF hand against him." His personal appearance and voice were peculiar, and his speeches were more fully and correctly reported than those of any other member of Congress. — See Lift by Garland, 2 vols. 1850; Parton's Famous Amer- ieaiis, 1 867 ; Letters of John Randolph to a Young Uelative, 1834. Bandolpb, Peyton, first pres. of Con- gress, b. Va. 1723; d. Phila. Oct. 22, 1775. Wm. and M. Coll. He went to Eng. ; studied law at the Temple ; com. practice on his return ; and in 1 748 was king's atty .-gen. for the Colony ; member of the house of burgesses, and was placed at the head of a com. to revise the colo- nial laws ; in 1 764 he drew up an address from the h. of burgesses to the king against the pas- sage of the Stamp Act ; was chosen speaker in April, 1766, and resigned the office of atty .-gen. He was prominent in all the measures of oppo- sition to the English govt. ; and was chairman of the com. of corresp. in 1773, which by its recommendations brought about the meeting of the first Gen. Cong, at Pliila. .He was sent a del- egate to that assembly, and was elected its first pres. Sept. 5, 1774. March 20, 1775, he pre- sided at a convention of delegates assembled at Richmond, and was again elected to Congress. He resumed his situation as speaker of the h. of burgesses for a short time in May, and re- turned to Congress after its adjournment ; but plexy soon closed his pat ■ John, atty .-gen. of Va., and a loyalist, who d. London, Jan. 1784, a 56. Randolph, Col. Thomas Mann, gov. Va. 1819-22, b. Va.; d. Monticello, June 20, 1828. His grandfather. Col. Wm. of Tucka- hoe, d. 1745, in which year his father was born. He m. a dau. of Pres. Jeft'erson ; was app. col. 20th Inf. March 3, 1813; and was M.C. from Va. in 1803-7, and a member of the Va. legisl. His fiithcr, T. M. Randolph , was a member of the Va. conv. of 1775 from Goochland, and a memlicr of the committee of safety. Eanney, Eufus Percival, jurist, b. Blandford, Ms., 30 Oct. 1813. His early edu- cation was limited. He worked on his father's farm in Freedom, Portage Co., 0.; attended a coll. at Hudson for a short time; studied law; was admitted to practice in 1 838 ; became a partner of B. F. Wade in 1839; member of the 0. Const. Conv. of 1850, and prominent in its debates ; judge of the Sup. Ct. of 0. 1851-6 and 1862-4; U.S. dist.-atty. of Ohio 1857; re- moved to Cleveland in 1857 ; and in 1859 was the unsuccessful Democ. candidate for gov. of Ohio. His bro. John L., a disting. lawyer of Ohio, b. 14 Not. 1815, d. Ravenna, 22 Feb. Ransom, Gen. Thomas Edwaed Green- field, b. Nonvich, Vt., Nov. 29, 1834; d. Rome, Ga., Oct. 29, 1864. At 12 he entered the Norwich U., a military coll. in charge of his father. He was taught engineering. Lett the U. in 1851 ; removed to Peru, 111. ; was a civil engr. and land-agent until the Rebellion broke out, when he became major 11th 111. Vols., and on its re-organization Ucut.-col. On the night of Aug. 19, in a brilliant dash on Charleston, Mo., he was severely wounded. He kd his regt. at the attack on Fort Donelson, where he was again severely wounded ; was promoted to col. ; and was wounded in the head at Shiloh ; in June, 1862, he became chief of Gen. McClemand's staff, and insp.-gen. of the Army of Tenn.; Oct. 10 he was made brig.-gen. vols. ; in Nov. he or- ganized a successful expcd. against Col. Wood- ruffs Confed. force near Gettysburg ; disting. at Vicksburg ; he led a division during the Red- river campaign, and, when McClemand was ill, com his corps; at the battle of Sabine Cross Roads, April 8, 1864, he was severely wounded in the knee. Subsequently assigned to com. the 4th div. 16th corps, he was thence promoted to com . the 1 7th corps. He manifested in his brief but brilliant career great military capacity. Ransom, Truman B., col. U.S.A., b. Vt.; killed Sept. 13, 1847, at the head of his regt. in storming Chapultepec. At one time a maj.- gen. of militia. Pros, of Norwich U.,Vt. App. major 9th Inf. Feb. 16, 1847; col. March 16, 1847. — Gardner. Rantoul, Robert, Jan., lawyer and politi- cian, b. Beverly, Ms., 13 Aug. 1805; d. Wash- ington, D.C., 7 Aug. 1852. H.U. 1826. Son of Robert (b. Salem, Ms., 23 Nov. 1778; d. Beverly, 24 Oct. 1858), a memher of the legisl. in 1809-33, excepting in 1827; of the Const. Convs. of 1820 and 1853; an honest politician, and a friend of temperance, educa- tion, and peace. The son began practice at So. Reading in 1827; removed to Gloucester in 1833, and in 1838 to Boston, and had a very suecessf^ul career at the bar. Member of the legisl. from Gloucester in 1833-7 ; member of the Board of Education from 1837, devoting to it his most useful labors; collector of the port of Boston 1843-5 ; U.S. dist.-atty. for Ms. in 1845 ; U.S. sen. for a part of the unexp. term of Mr. Wclister in 1851 ; and M.C. from 1851 to his death. He was an ultra reformer, car- rying his Democ. principles even into the code of jurisprudence ; and sympathized with the masses, with whom he was exceedingly popu- lar. He pub. an address to the working-men ; made a report and speech in the legisl. on cap- ital punishment; and delivered speeches against the Fugitive-slave Law, and on other exciting topics. He wrote with great force and clear- 5. A vol. of his writ- pub, by Luther Ham- ilton, BVO, ISO*. Rapball, Rev. Morris Jacob, Ph. Dr., pastor of the Cong. "Bnai Jcshurnn," b. Stockholm, Sept. 1798; d. New York, June 23, 1868. Educated at the Jewish Coll. in Copenhagen, he went to Eng. in 1612; stud- ied at the U. of Geissen from 1821 to 1824 ; returned to Eng. in 1825; and in 1834 began the Hebrew Review, the first Jewish periodical pub. in Eng. In 1840, during the persecution of the Jews in Syria, he was sec. to the chief rabbi in Eng. In conjunction with Dr. Sola, he translated 18 treaties of the "Mishna." In 1841 he was app. rabbi of the Birmingham Synagogue, and concerned in the building of the Hebrew National School. He afterward pub. a number of treatises in defence of Juda- ism. In 1847 he wrote an address to the elect- ors of London, contributing greatly to the election of Rothschild to parliament; in 1849 he came to the U.S., and was called to the 755 RA-^W ethics, and portions of the Bible ; and pub. "The Festivals of the Lord," 1840; •'Devo- tional Exercises for the Daughters of Israel ; " " The Path to Immortalitv," 1859 ; " The Bible Viewof Slaverv," 1861 ; '''Judaism Defended," 8vo, 1849; "Post Biblical History of the Jews," 2 vols. 8vo, 1856. On leaving Birming- ham in 1849, a purse of 100 sovereigns was presented to him by the mayor and principal inhabitants, with an address acknowledging his eminent services in the cause of education and to the public institutions of the city. Bapp, George, the founder of the Har- nionv Societv, Economv, Pa., b. Wurtemberg in 1770; d."Aug. 9, 1847. In his youth he believed that he had experienced a divine call, and that he was charged with the restoration of the Christian religion to its original purity. He did not long confine himself to spiritual matters, but formed the plan of a community organized on the model of the primitive church, with goods in common. Being hindered in this project by the State, he emig. to Amer. in 1803 with a band of followers of his own pecu- liar religious, social, and political views. They first settled in Butler Co. in 1805 ; from there they removed in 1815 to the Wabash, and built the village of New Harmony, which was pur- chased in 1824 by Robert Owen ; andRapp and his followers established themselves at Econo- my, Pa. They own 3,500 acres of land, and carry on the manuf. of wool, cotton, silk, and fiour. Rarey, John S., horse-tamer, b. Franklin Co., O., 1823; d. Cleveland, O., Oct. 4, 1866. At an early age he displayed tact in the man- agement of horses, and by degrees workeil out his own system, gaining profit and celebrity. In 1856 he went to Texas, and on his return to O. began to give public exhibitions, which he extended to Europe. One of his greatest triumphs was in Eng. over the racing colt " Cruiser," which was so vicious that he had killed one or two grooms, but was completely tamed and brought to America by Mr. Rarey. In 1863 he was employed by govt, to inspect and report on the horses of the Potomac Army. Author of a treatise on Horse-Taming, repub. in Eng. in 1858. Rathbon, Valentine, b. Stonington, Ct., 1723, was a clothier, and pastor of a Baptist church in Pittsfield, Ms., in 1772-80; then joined the Shakers in Hancock, but left thera 3 months after, and pub. against them " Some Brief Hints of a Religious Scheme," &c., Hartf., 1781,of wnich 5 editions were issued. His bro. D.vviD remained with them 4 years, and in 1785 pub. a more full account of "their delu- sion. Rauch, Frederick Augcstus, D.D., b. Kirchbracbt, Hesse-Darmstadt, 1806 ; d. Mer- cersburg, Pa., Mar. 2, 1841. U. of Marburg, 1827. Prof.extraor.U.ofGeissen,1830. Came to America in 1831 ; prof, of Germ.an in Laf. Coll. ; principal of the high school of York, and then of Mercersburg 1 832-6 ; pres. of Mar- shall Coll. 1836-41. Author of Psychology, 1840; "The Inner Life of the Christian." Pub. one or two works in Germanv, and left unKnished a work on ethics. — Allifmie. Raum, Green B., soldier and politician, b. Golconda, 111., Dec. 3, 1829. With a com- mon-school education, he studied law, and practised 16 years, acquiring a lucrative busi- ness. An antislavery Democrat, he made the first war speech in Southern Illinois, Apr. 23, 1861, at Metropolis ; was made maj. 46th Regt. in Sept. ; participated in the siege and subse- quent battle at Corinth, where be led his regt; was made col. July 31, 1862; brev. brig.-gen. Aug. 1864 ; brig.-gen. Dec. 1864 ; in the cam- paign of Central Mpi. ; that of Vicksburg, com. the 2d brig. 7th div. 17th corps at its surren- der; was severely wounded at Mission. Ridge; rejoined his command at Huntsville, Ala., Feb. 15, 1864; held Resaca against Hood's army ; aceomp. Sherman in the march to the sea ; and resigned May 6, 1865. M.C. 1867-71. Ravenseroft, John Stark, D.D., bishop of N.C., b. Blandford, Prince George Co., Va., 1772; d. Raleigh, Mar. 5, 1830. Son of Dr. John, who removed with his family to (ireat Britain two months after he was born. He re- turned to Va. at the age of 16, after receiving a good classical education in Scotland, to secure the remainsof his fiither's property. Entered Wm. and M. Coll. with a view to the study of law; m. and settled in Lunenburg Co., Va. Becoming a member of the Epis. Church in 1815, he was adm. to holy orders in 1817; be- came minister of St. James's Church, Mecklen- burg Co., where he labored until 1823, when he was elected bishop of N. C, and was consec. Jlay 22. He took charge of the congregation at Raleigh, which in 1828 he gave up for that at Williamsburg. Two vols, of his sermons, with a Memoir, were pub. 8vo, 1830. Rawdon, Francis, Marquis of Hastings, a British gen., b. 9 Dec. 1754 ; d. 28 Nov. 1826. Son of Earl Moira. Was grad. at Oxford; entered the army in 1771 ; embarked for America as a lieut. 5th Foot in 1775 ; and at Bunker's Hill received two shots in his cap. He became aide to Sir H. Clinton; disting. himself at the battles of L.I. and White Plains, the attacks on Forts Washington and Clin- ton ; was made adj.-gen. in 1778, and raised and com. a corps called the Volunteers of Ire- land. Disting. himself at Monmouth, he was sent with a small army to S. C. ; efl'ected a junction with Lord Cornwallis; and at Cam- den, 16 Aug. 1780, led a division. After Corn- waliLs's departure for Va., Rawdon lortitied himself at Camden. At the battle of Hob- kirk's Hill, 25 Apr. 1781, he attacked Greene, and compelled him to retreat; he then re- lieved Ninety-six, and took post at Orange- burg. Rawdon's last act, previous to leaving this country, was his ordering the execution of Col. Hayne, — a cruel and unjustifiable act, for which he has been generally condemned. While on his return-voyage, he was taken by the French, and carried to Brest; March 5, 1783, he was made a baron, and aide-de-camp to the king; in Oct. 1789 he succeeded to the title of his uncle, the Earl of Huntington ; and in 1793 became Earl Moira and a maj -gen. ; in 1794 he served under the Duke of York in the Netherlands. Intrusted in 1812 with the for- 756 mation of a ministiy, he was rewarded with the order of the Garter, and the gov.-generalcy of British India, wliich lie held 9 years, return- ing in illhcalili in lS2i; in Miiich, IS:!4, Iir was madegov, aiiJ rum i;i rlih I o[ .i.ui.i, i,ii; his health f.uln., ii ■ , , i . board "The U. .. i., i: i; Rawle, ^VILl-lAM,i.!. n ,,\ 1 > .ii^7), an eminent jurist, I). I'liila. A|iiil I'-i, 17j'j; d. April 12, IS.-i6. Aftrr pui'^mi]- liis lr-,il stud- ies in N.Y., Lund., an^i I'.iri,, on In, R-tnrn, in itahli: II Pi where he passed his liii , , 14 1 ■: - iiiiiilic and classical as well a- , _ : .1 n im ir,. In 1789 he was elected III 1. , -,; :ii 1 ;ii IT'il was app. hy Wn^hi'i . n- i,,r il^' State, but wa, '' ■■■'■'- ' ;.. I.', -i.'., :ii- resigned in 1 7 1 ' 1 1 ,11 . ■ m ofmany lit. aiM . ,- .1 ,,i .. , ,,;, : .... t.ie first pres. ul i.ic 1'.. I! ~ >> ,. i'.iliij,o l>rinted Colls, he inailr 1. ,; i. .iiiions. In 1822 he was chosen . ., I'hila. bar, before whom he doln. , .: ■■ .. .n ..im unises, which were pub. His utlua wiiiiny^ luinprise " A View of the Constitution of the U. S.," and a New Civil Code, prepared by a commiss. appointed to revise, collate, and digest the Pa. statute..;. A Memoir by T. J. VVharton was pnb. I'hila. 8vo, 1840. His son Wjlluji, Jun. (1789-1858), pnb. several vols, of Pa. Re- ports, and an Address before the Pliila. Law Acad. 1835. William HiiNRY, sonofWm., Jan., b. Phila. lSi3. Author of "Law of Covenants forTiile," 8vo, 3d e.l. 1860. Editor of J. W. Smith's " Law of Contracts," 8vo, 18.53; and of William's "Law of Real Prop- erty," 8vo, 1857; " Equity in Pa.," 8vo, 1868. — A/ithoite. RawlingS, Col. Moses, Revol. officer; d. Hampshire Co., Va., May, 1809. He com. a Md. rifle regt. at Fort Washington, and, after a brave i-csistancc, was captured on the fall of that fort, 16 Nov. 1776. Kawlins, Gen. John A., b. Guilford, 111., Feb. 13, 1831 ; d. Washington, Sept. 6, 1869. He was a farmer and chiircoal-burner until 1854, but improved every opportunity for read- ing and study. He studied law at Galena ; was adm. to the bar in 1855, and practised success- fully until the war began. Though a decided Democrat, and opposed to the war, yet, when Sumter fell, he gave his support to the Govt., and Sept. 15 went on the staff of Gen. Grant as assistant adj.-gen. (rank of capt.). Brig.-gcn. Aug. 11, 1863; brev. maj.-gen. Feb. 24, 1865; < hief of staflf to the lieut.-gen. March 5, 1865 (rank of brig.-gen.); and maj.-gen. March 13, 1SB5. He remained upon the staff of his chief through all the trying scenes of the war until the victory was won ; and was sec. of war from Mairh 11, 1869, until a few days before his death. Rawson, Edward, Secretary of Ms. 1650- 86, b. Giliinghara, Dorset, Eng., April 16, 1615; d. Boston, Aug. 27, 1693. He was connected by marriage with the two great divines of N.E., Hooker and Wilson, and set- tled in Newbury ab. 1636. He represented that town in the Gen. Court several years. He is believed to have been one of the authors of a small book, pub. in 1691, entitled " The Revolu- tion in N. England Justified," &c., signed by " E.R." and " S.S." Author of " The General Laws and Liberties eonceriiing the Inhabitants or the Ms.," &c., fol. IGGO. A M.-moir, with pMlii-iral Ndtircs iif his l)i-,ri_-ndants, by .■I i.KiMni.i,. ninii^fi- ol .Muii'ilon (1680- 171,-1, U. U. 1G7S, d. I'Vli. 0, 1715, a. 56), preai;hed to the Indians in their own tongue, and was a talented and benevolent man. He pub. Election Sermons, Boston, 16ino, 1709. Ray, Isaac, M.D., phvsi.-ian. I. P,. L.uc. l.i:iiiii- this period ho carried on with ilorace Greeley a controversy upon Socialism, afterward pub. in a pampldet. In 1849 he was elected to the State lesi"!- bv the Whigs; re-elected in IS.^n, t,,. w,^ rhn-^on speaker, and manifested sprrii! I r, ... ,., ilm school system and the canal I ^: hl-. After the adjournment he s. I, I , , l.ir his health, and soon after liis ieuir;i ihi!>. (.Sept. 18, 1851) the first number of the AU'. Times. At the Whi;; nat. conv. at Baltimore in 1852, he made a long speech in exposition of Northern sentiment. In 18.54 he was elected lieiit.-gov. of the State by a large majority. He was active in organizing the Republican party, and ilrew up the " Address to the People " promul- gated at the nat. conv. at Pittsburg in Feb. 1856, and spoke frequently in the following pres. canvass for Fremont. He also took a prominent part in the pres. canvass of 1860 for Mr. Lincoln, and warmly supported the war against the seceding States. Elected to Con- gress in 1SG4. he sustained the reconstruction policy of Mr. Johnson. Author of " A History of the Administration of President Lincoln," 1864; "A Life of Pres. Lincoln," 1865; and "Life of Daniel Wehster,' As a journalist, he had country. Raynal, William Thomas Francis, a French political wxiter, b. St. Gcuies, 1714; d. Passy, Mar. 6, 1 796. Ho became at an early age a Jesuit, but quitted them in 1748, and went to Paris, where he disting. himself as a writer. Embarking in commercial pursuits, he was led to compose his " Histoire Philosophirjue et Po- litique aes £tablissemeiis et da Commerce clrs Enrop€cns dans les deux Indes," first pub. in 1770, of which a greatly improved edition was pub. in 10 vols, some years later. Its freedom of opinion, and boldness of remark upon au- thority of every description, caused the parlia- ment of Paris to order it to be burnt, and its author to be arrested. In 1781 he pub. his " TaJileaa et Re'mhitioiis des Colonies Anglaises dans l'Am twcen " The United States " and " Macedo- nian." At ihe time of his death he was gov. of the Phila. Naval iVsylum. He was a gal'ant and courteous officer, and of a commanding personal appearance. "Around the World," a narrative of a voyage in the E. I. squadron under Read, by an officer of the navy, was pub. 2 vols. 8v6, N.Y. 1840. Read, Henrietta Fanning, b. Jamaica Plains, N.Y. Pub. 8vo, 1848, a vol. of dra- matic poems, " Medea Erminia," and "The New World; " and in Feb. 184S made her de- but as an actress at the old Boston Theatre. — Matf's Female Po is. Head, Gen. Jacob, Revol. officer, b. S.C. 1752 ; d. there 17 July, 1816. Descendant of " one who held high office in Ga." He studied law in Eng., and practised on his return. Mem- ber State legisl.; of the Old Congress 1783-6; U.S. senator 1795-1802; pres. /wo tem. 1797; app. judge of the Dist. Court of S.I Read, of the Dist. Court of S.C. in 1801. disting. lawyer of Boston ; Feb. 7,1749, a. ah. 72. H.U. 1697. He stud- ied divinity, and was for some time a popular preacher ; but studied law, and became an emi- nent practitioner. Me was the first to reduce the redundant and obscure phraseology of the English deeds of conveyance to the simple 758 form now in use. lie also held for some time a conspicuous place in the house of representa- tives and council during Shirley's administra- tion. — Knapp. Bead, John Meredith, LL.D. (B.U. 1860), son of John, ami grandson of Georse, signer Decl. of Indep., 1.. Phila. Jidy 21, 1797. U. of Pa. 1812. Called to the l)ar in 1818; member Pa. Icgisl. 1 82.3-4 ; city solicitor ; atty.- gcn. of the State, and jud;j;e advocate of the ct. of inquiry on Com. Elliott; judije Sup. Court of Pa. since 1860. Vice-pres. Pa. Hist. Soc; member Amer. Pliilos. Soe. Assoc, counsel with Thad. Stevens in 1851 in defence of C. Hanway for constructive treason. Ab. 1 854 he began to advocate the principles of the Repub- lican party. Author of a great number of pub. addresses, legal opinions, speeches, &c. ; for a list of which, see AUibone's "Diet, of Authors." His son John Meredith, Jun., consul-gen. to Paris 1869, b. Phila. 1837. B.U. 1858; Al- bany Law School, 1859. Adm. to Phila. bar 1859, and removed to Albany. Adj.-gen. of N.Y. during the Rebellion ; incorp. and origi- nal trustee of Cornell U. Author of " The Relation of the Soil to Plants and Animals," 1860 ; " Hist. Inquiry concerning Hendrick Hudson," &c., 8vo, 1S66. He is now employed on a new Life of Hudson, to be illustrated by Bierstadt. Author also of occasional poems, and other contrilis. to periodicals, newspapers, &c., and memlier of many literary and scientific bodies. — Allibone. Read, Nathan, jurist and inventor, b. War- ren, Ms., July 2, 1759; d. Belfast, Me., Jan. 20,1849. H.U. 1781; tutor th"ro 1783-7. Son of Maj. Reuben Read of the Revol. army. In 1795 settled in Danvcrs, Ms., and engaged in the manuf. of anchora, chain-cables, &e., whence in 1807 he removed to Belfast. M.C. 1800-3, and was subsequently for some years a judge and chief justice of the C.C.P. He was the first petitioner for a patent invention, before the patent-law had been enacted ; one of the first who applied steam to the purposes of navig., having (Aug. 1791) experimented on Wenham Pond with a boat propelled by steam with pad- dles, instead of wheels. He also invented a method of equalizing the action of windmills ; a plan of using the force of the tide by means of reservoirs alternately filled and emptied in such a way as to produce a constant stream ; ditt'erent forms of pumpiug-engines and thresh- ing-machines ; and a plan for using the expan- sion and contraction of metals multiplied by levers for winding up clocks and other pur- poses. It is also claimed for him that he in- vented tubular (or multi-tubular) steam-boilers and high-pressure engines, having patented this inv. as early as 1788-91. He was also the in- ventor of many agric. implements. Member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. — See Nathan Reed, his Invention, ^c, by David Reed his Nephew, 1870. Bead, Thomas Buchanan, painter and poet, b. Chester Co., Pa., Mar. 12, 1822. At the age of 17 he went to Cincinnati, and en- tered a sculptor's studio, but soon after studied painting. In 1841 he removed to N.Y., and soon alter to Boston, where he occupied him- self chiefly in portrait-painting. Establishing himself in Phila. in 1846, he visited Kurope in 1850; returned to Cuiriiin.ni. an.l in 185;! went to Florence. Altera l^'n- !.■ llriK- ilu're, he returned to Cincinnati in IS.'jS. 11,; puh. Iiis first vol. of poems at Buatuii ia 1S47 ; " Lavs and Ballads," Phila. 1848; an illustrated edi- tion of his poems, 1853 ; " The New Pastoral," his first long poem, 1855 ; " The House bv the Sea," 1856 ; " Poetical Works," 2 vo1s.,"Bo3- ton, 1860 ; " The Wagoner of the AUeghanies," 1862; "Sheridan's Ride, and other Poems," 8vo, 1865 ; " Poems," new ed. 3 vols. ; " Good Samaritans," a poem, 1867 ; and in 1848 edit- ed a cull, of " Specimens of the Female Poets of Amer." Among his best pictures are the " Lost Pk-iail," the " Water-Sprite," and " Longfellow's Children." Beagan, John H., postm.-gen. of the Conf. States, b. Sevier Co., Tenn., Oct. 8, 1818. He studied law, and was adm. to the bar. Settled at Palestine, Texas ; was app. dep. surveyor in 1840; in 1846 probate judge, and col. of mili- tia; member of the legisl. in 1847 : judge of the Dist. Court 1852-7; Democ. M.C. 1857- 61 ; and from Mar 1, 186 1. to Apr. 1865, post- master-gcH. ul ilir ('(infiil. States. Some time a prisonei- at I'ot t \\'.irr,n. Eeddon, I.AiM'.A C. ('IIowardGlyndon"), b. Somerset Co., Md. Lost her hearing at the age of 12, and is still deaf. Author of " Nota- ble Men of the 37th Cong.," 1862 ; " Idyls of Battle, and Poems of the Rebellion," N.Y., 1864. Edited in 1860 a department of the St. Louis Presbyterian, and has contrib. to the Mo. Republican and Harper's Weclcli/ and Monthly. Some of her poems are in " Loyal Lyrics,'' and in " Ballads of the War." — Allibone. Redfleld, Isaac Fletcher, LL.D., jurist, b. Wethersfield, Vt., Apr. 10, 1804. Dartm. Coll. 1825. Began practice at Derby, Vt., in 1827, afterward in Windsor, Vt. ; and in 1861 removed to Boston. States attv for Orleans Co. 1832-5; judge of the Vt. Sup. Jud. Ct. 1835-58 ; chief justice 185S-61 ; prof of mcd. jurisprudence at Dartm. Coll. 1857-61 ; a corn- miss, to adjust U.S. claims on Great Britain 1867. Author of a treatise on " The Law of Railwavs ; " " Law of Carriers," " Leading Amer. Cases," •' Law of Wills," 3 vols. 8vo. Editor of " Greenleaf on Evidence," 3 vols. 8vo, 1868 ; with W. A. Hcrrick, " Treatise on Civil Pleading and Practice," 1868. N.E. ed. of the Phila. Law Register. Redfleld, William C, mechanic and me- teorologist, b. Middletown, Ct., Mar. 26, 1789 ; d. N.Y. City, Feb. 12, 1857. He was in eariy life a mechanic, but, engaging in steamboat navigation, removed in 1825 to N.Y. City. He investigated thoroughly the whole subject of the connection of steam with navigation ; and in pamphlets, essays, and published letters, dis- cussed the causes of steam lioat explosions, the means of safety, the necessity of careful and frequent inspection, the improvement of the law relative to steam-navigation, its adtiptation to the purposes of national defence, and the sim- plification and improvement of marine engines. First pres. of the Amer. Assoc, for the Advance- men t of Science i a 1848. He is chiefly known as a meteorologist, and especially for his successful researches into the phenomena of violent storms RED 759 and gales, which he showed to be large pro- gressive whirlwinds. In 1828 he piib. a pam- phlet ujging the importance of a system of railways to connect the Hudson and the Mpi. He pub during his life 62 essays, of which 40 pertain to meteorology ; also the circular the- ory of storms ; " Genealogy of the Kedfield Family in the U.S.," 1839. A biog. sketch by Denison Olmsted was pub. in 1857. His soil John H. is known by his investigations into hurricanes, the Bahamas, &c. RedJaeket (Sagotewatha), chief of the Senecas, and a celebrated orator, b. 1751, near Buffiilo, N.Y.; d. there Jan. 20, 1830. During the Revol. the Senecas fought under the Brit, standard ; and his activity and intelligence at- tracted the notice of the officers. At a council held at Fort Stanwix in 1784 to negotiate a treaty between the U.S. and some of the Six Nations for the cession of lands, he spoke very eloquently against the treaty, which was, never- theless, ratified. A few years later. Red Jacket had an interview with Washington, who gave him a silver medal, which he wore ever after- ward. In 1810 he gave information to the In- dian agent of the attempt made by Tecumseh to draw the Senecas into the Western combina- tion. He possessed talents of the highest order, and was a thorough Indian in his costume, as well as in his contempt for the dress, language, and every thing else belonging to the English. He was second to none in the authority of his tribe, and maintained his position with great dignity. He excelled as an orator, using beau- tifn' and figurative language, conjoined with easy, gracelul, and impressive gesticulations. In the war of 1812 he fought lor the U. S. with the utmost intrepidity ; and the bravery of Red Jacket was particularly conspicuous in an action near Lake George, Aug. 13, 1812. In his later years he was a confirmed drunkard. — See Life by W. L. Stone, 8vo, 1841. Redman, John, M.D., an eminent phvsi- cian, b. Phila. Feb. 27, 1722; d. there Mar. 19, 1808. He studied at the Riv. Mr. Tcn- nent's acad., and under Dr. John Kearsley ; spent some years in Bermuda, and then went to Europe. He remained 1 year at the medical school in Edinburgh, attended Guy's Hospital one year, and also attended lectures, dissections, and hospitals in Paris. He grad. at the U. of Leyden, July 15, 1748 ; " Abortion " being the subject of his inaugural dissertation. Return- ing to Phila., he rose to celebrity in his profes- sion. In 1759 he pub. a defence of inocu- lation, and advised the use of mercury. He was elected a physician of the Pa. Hospital on its establishment, and afterward the first pres. of the Coll. of Physicians. — Thacher. Redwood, Abkaham, founder of the Red- wood Library; d Newport, R. I., Mar. 3, 1788, a. 78. He was a Quaker from Antigua, and gave £500 for the Librarv. Its building was finished in 1750. Reed, Caleb, Swedenborgian writer, b. W. Bridgewater, Ms., Apr. 22, 1 797 ; d. Boston, Oct. 14, 1854. H.U. 1817. He practised law at Yarmouth until 1827. Son of Rev. John Reed. He pub. " The General Principles of English Grammar," 1821. Over 20 years edi- tor of the N. Jerusalem Mag. Member of the firm of Cyrus Alger &, Co., Boston, 1827- 54. Reed. David, founder of the Christian Rei/ister (20 Apr. 1821 ), b. Eustou, Ms., 6 Feb. 1790; d. Boston, 7 June, 1870. B. U. 1810. Son of Rev. Wra., Cong, pastor of Easton from 1784 to his d. 16 Nov. 1809; b. Abington, Ms., 8 June, 1755. David took charge of the Bridgewater Acad, in 1810 ; was licensed to preach in 1814; and until 1819 preached in various places iif N. E. From the commence- ment of the Register until 1866 he had the as- sistance, editorially and as contributors, of manj' of the ablest men of the Unitarian de- nommation ; and his journal exercised a pow- erful influence upon the public mind. He was one of the founders of the Amcr. Antislavery Soc. in 1 828 ; and was one of the earliest mem- bers of the N. E. H. Gencal. Society. Reed, Henry, LL.D., author, b. Phila. July 11, 1808; d. on his return from Europe in the steamer "Arctic," Sept. 27, 1854. U. of Pa. 1825. Grandson of Joseph and Esther Reed. He studied law in the office of John Sargent; was adm. to the bar in 1829; in 1831 was app. assist, prof, of English lit. in the U. of Pa. ; a short time subsequently as- sist, prof, of moral philos. ; and in 1835 prof, of rhetoric and Eng. lit. He superintended the pub. of an edition of Wordsworth's Poems, furnished the Lifeof his grandfather for Sparks's " Amer. Biog.,"and also numerous essays and reviews for the periodical press. His principal work was entitled "Lectures on English Lit," 1855. In 1845 he pub. an improved edition of "Alex. Reid's Diet, of the Eng. Language," in 1847 an edition of" Graham's English Syn- onymes," of " Arnold's Lectures on Modern Hist.," "Lord Mahon's History of Eng.," and the poetical works of Gray. Also author of " Lectures on the British Poets," 1857 ; " Lec- tures on English Hist., Shakspeare," &c., 1856. Prof. Reed m. a grand-dan. of Bishop Wm. White. After his death, his bro. Wm. B. pub. a vol. of his miscellaneous jjroductions, to which a Memoir of his life was prefixed. Reed, Hollis, clergyman and author, b. Newfane, Vt., Aug, 26. 1802. Wms. Coll. 1826. He studied theology at Princeton. Ord. at Park St., Boston, Sept. 24, 1829 ; and from Dec. 1830 to 1835 was a missionary in India; from Nov. 1838 to 1845 was settled at Derby, Ct. ; and at New Preston from June 1 , 1 845, to 1851. He has pub. " The Christian Brah- min," 2 vols. 12mo; "Reed and Ramsay's Joumalin India," 12mo, 1836 ; " God in His- tory," 2 vols. 12mo; "Memoirs and Sermons of W. J. Armstrong, D.D.," 12mo; "India and People, Ancient and Modern," &c., 8vo; " Palace of the Great King;" " Commerce and Christianitv," 18mo;" "The Coming Crisis of the World," 12mo; and " The Negro Prob- lem Solved," 12mo. Reed, Col. Isaac, Revol. officer, h. Lunen- burg, Va. ; d. Phila. Sept. 1778. Son of Col. Clement Reed. Was a resident of Greenfield ; was many years i h. of bur- signer of the non-importation and mercantile associations in 1769 and '70; a member of the State conventions of 1774 and of March and June, 1775, by which last body he REE 7G0 was app. liciit.-col. 4th Va. Regt. Feb. 13, 1776; and was promoted to col. Aug. 13, 1776. — Grifishi/ ; Saffell. B.eed, James, brig.-gen. Kevol. army, b. ■Woburn, Ms., 1724; d. Fitchburg, Ms., 13 Feb. 1807. He com. a company under Col. Brown in the French and Indian war in 1755; was witlt Abcrcrombie at Ticonderoga in 175S, and with Amherst in 1759. In 1765 he settled in the town of Fitzwilliam, N.H., of \yhich he was an original proprietor. Made a licut.-col. in 1770; in May, 1775, he com. the 2d. N. II. Eegt. at Cambridge, with which he did good service at Bunker's Hill, holding the rail-fence with Stark, and protecting the retreat of the main body from the redoubt. Joining the army in Canada under Snllivan early in 1776, his regt. suffered severely from small-pox, and Eeed himself was attacked, and ultimately lost his sight. Made brig.-gen. 9 Aug. 1776, he quitted his sick-bed, incapacitated for fiu-ther service, and retired to his former residence. His son STLV.isns served through the war ; was adj. in Sullivan's campaign of 1778 ; after- wards col. ; d. 1798. Reed, Jouv, D.D. (B.TJ. 1803), Unitarian clergyman, and M.C. 1795-1801, b. Framing- ham, Ms., Nov. 11, 1751 ; d. Feb. 17, 1831, in West Brid..,'ewater. Y. C. 1772. Son of Solomon, minister of Middleboroiigh. After spending one year as chaplain in the U.S. naval service, he was settled at W. B., Ms., June 7, 1780, preaching there for 51 years. His two predecessors, U. Perkins and' J. Keith, occu- pied 1 1 6 years. His opinions on ecclesiastical affairs were so just and accurate as to have re- ceived the approbation of courts and judges. A result of an ecclesiastical council drawn up by him has been in substance adopted as the foundation of an important decision of the Su- preme Court of Ms. He pub. beside occas. ser- mons a treatise on Baptism, 12mo. He ex- celled as a metaphvsician and controversialist. Eeed, JoHX, M.C. 1813-17 and 1821-41, son of Rev. John, b. W. Bridgewater, Sept. 2, 1781 ; d. there Nov. 25, 1860. B. U. 1803. He was preceptor of Bridgewater Acad, one year ; tutor in Brown U. 2 years ; then studied law, and settled in Yarmouth, Ms., where he acquired a lucrative practice ; and was from 1844-51 lieut.-gov. of Ms. Reed, Joseph, statesman, b. Trenton, N.J., 27 Aug. 1741; d. Phila. 5 Mar. 1785. N. J. Coll. 1757. He studied law at the Tem- ple, Lond. ; returned in 1 765 ; began a success- fill practice at Trenton ; and in 1767 was app. dep. sec. of N. J. Revisiting Eng. in 1770, he m. Esther, dau. of Dennis De Berdt, agent for Ms., and on his return settled in Phila. ; took an active part in politics, corresponding, through his English connections, with Lord Dartmouth, colonial sec. Member of the com. of coiTcsp. in 1774 ; pres. of the first Pa. con- vention in Jan. 1775; deleg. to Congress in May ; and in July, at the solicitation of Wash- ington, resigned a lucrative practice, and ac- comp. him to Cambridge as his sec. and aide-de- camp. Adj.-gen. during the campaign of 1776, he contributed to the successes of" Tren- ton and Princeton. In 1777 he was app. chief justice of Pa., and named by Congress brig.- gen. ; he declined both offices, but was present as a vol. at the battles of Brandymne, White Marsh, Germanto\vn, and Monmouth. Mem- ber of Congr"ss, and in 1778 signed the arti- cles of confed. In reply to the offers of Gov. Johnstone, one of the British peace commission- ers. Reed answered, " I am not worth purchas- ing ; but, such as I am, the king of Gr at Brit- ain is not rich enough to do it." Pres. of Pa. 1 778-81 ; active in suppressing the revolt of the Pa. line of the army m 1781. He detected and exposed the character of Arnold, whom he close of 1781 ; and in 1784 visited Eng. for his health, but mthout beneficial result. Dur- ing his administration, he aided in founding the U. of Pa. ; favored the gradual abolition of slavery, and the doing-away with the proprie- tary powers vested in the Penn family. Bancroft quotes Count Donop's report to the Bri.lsh Gen. Grant, that Col. Eeed received a British protection in 1776. (See also Hist. Mag. for Jan. 1869, and Gen. Cadwalader's "Reply" to the pub. " Remarks " of Reed, addressed to the former in 1783, sustaining the allegation.) Reed also pub. "Remarks on Johnstone's Speech, witii Papers relative to his Proposi- tions," &c., 1779. Esther his wife (b. Lond. 1 747,d.Phila. 18 Sept. 1780) took an active part in providing for the sick and destitute soldiers of the army. Her grandson Wm. B. Reed pub. her Memoirs, 8vo, 1853. His youngest son, George W., an officer in the U.S.N., d. Span- ishtown, Jamaica, 4 Jan. 1813, a. 32. N.J. Coll. 2d lieut. of " The Nautilus " in the attack on Tripoli in Aug. 1 804 ; cooperated with Gen. E.iton on the African coast, and com. " The Vixen " in the war of 1812. — See Lifi and Corresp. of Heed by his Grandson Wm. B. Eeed, 2 vols. 1847. Reed, Col. Philip, senator, d. Hunting- ville, Kent Co., Md., Nov. 2, 1829. A capt.in the Revol. army; U.S. senator 1806-13; M.C 1817-19 and 1821-3; col. of militia ; com. in a fight with a superior force of British seamen under Sir Peter Parker, who were defeated, and Sir Peter killed, at Moorfields, East Shore, Md., Aug. 30, \9,H.— Gardner. Reed, S.vmpsox, h. W. Bridgewater, Ms., 10 June, 1800. H.U. 1818. Merchant of Boston. Editor New-Church Mag., and co- editor New-Jerusalem Mar/. Author of "Ob- servations on the Growth of the Mind," 8vo, 1826. Reed, William, a philanthropic merchant, d. Marblehead, Ms., Feb. IS, 1837, a. 60. M.C. 1811-15; pres. of the S.S. Union, and of the Amer. Tract Society ; vice-pres. of the Education Society. Besides liberal bequests to heirs and relatives, he left S68,000 to various benevolent objects. Reed, William Bradford, LL.D., grandson of Gen. Joseph, b. Phila. 30 June, . i t 1806.. U. of Pa. 1822. Atty.-geu. of Pa. d.-tt'f \'«|^''r 1838 ; envoy-extr. and minister to China 1857- 8, and negotiated the treaty ratified Jan. 26, 1860. Author of "Life and Correspondence of Joseph Reed," 2 vols. 8vo, 1847 ; "Life of Esther Reed," 8vo, 1853; "Vindication of Joseph Reed," in reply to Bancroft's History, 761 in several pamphlets. He edited the posthu- mous works of his bro. Henry, and has pub. a large number of hist, addresses and political pamphlets. Contrib. to the Amer. Quarlerly and A'. A. Review. Beeder, Andrew H., lawyer and politi- cian, b. near Trenton, N.J., ab. 1808; d. Eas- ton, Pa., July S, 1864. Ho passed most of his life at Easton, where he practised law, and was influential as a Democ. politician, but would never accept office until in 1854 app. first gov. of Kiinsas. The election frauds there made him a Republican; and in July, 1855, he was removed from office, but was unanimously elected by the people as their delegate to Con- gress, and afterward, under the Topeka Con- stitution, first U.S. senator. The constitution was not ratified by Congress, and he did not take his seat. One of the first to be app. a brig.-i^en. at the outbreak of the war, he de- clined the honor. Three of his sons served in the army. With Hon. Marcus J. Parrott, he pub. " Kansas, a Description of the Country," &c. 3, D,vviD Meredith, M.D., LL.D., superint. of public schools in New York, b. Phila. ISOO; d. N.Y. City, 1861. U. of Md. 1820. He practised many years in N.Y. City, and was physician-in-chief to the Bellevuc Hos- pital. He pub. "Observations on Yellow- Fever," 1819; "Strictures on Health," 1828; "Epidemic Cholera," 1833; "Humbugs of New York," 1833 ; "Review of the First Rep. Antislavery Soc.," 1834; "Quakerism i-ersus Calvinism, a Reply to Dr. CoSc," 1834 ; " Let- ters to Wm. Jay in Reply to his Inquiry," 12mo, 1835 ; " Phrenology known by its Fruits," 1838; "Medical Lexicon," 1845. He edited Chambers's Educ. Course, 1 2 vols. ; Cooper's Surgical Diet. ; Neligau on Medicines ; and Good's " Book of Nature ; " Amer. Med. Gazette, 1850 ; contrib. to periodicals. Eees, James, b. Morristown, Pa., 1802. He was a contrib. to the Sut. EueniiKj Post in 1821, to the Picai/une 1834, to the Home Weeldy, and other periodicals ; was co-editor of the Mechanics' Free Press 1831 ; editor of the Dramatic Mirror 1842, and of the Philan- thropist 1854 ; has pub. " The Dramatic Authors of America," 1842; " Beauties of Daniel Web- ster," 12mo, 1839; "Mysteries of Citv Life," 1849; "The Tinker Spy, a Romance of the Revol.," 1855 ; " Foot-Prints of a Letter-Car- rier," 1866 ; and a number of plays. He has ready for the press a work on the Origin of Phrases, the Etymology of Words, &c. — AUi- bone. Reese, Tbiomas, D.D., Presb. clergyman, b. Pa. 1742; d. Charleston, S.C, Aug! 1796. N.J. Coll. 1768. Ord. 1773. He became pas- tor of the church of Salem, S.C, and in 1793 of two churches in Pendleton Dist. He was a disting. scholar and an able preacher. He pub. an " Essay on the Influence of Religion on Civil Society," and sermons in the American Preacher. — Snraque. Reeve, Isaa6 V. D., col. U.S.A., b. N.Y. West Point, 1835. Entering the 4th Inf., he became 1st lieut. 8th Inf. 7 Julv, 1838; capt. 18 June, 1847; maj. 1st Inf. 14 May, 1861; licut.-col. 16th, 13 Sept. 1862 ; col. {retired list) 14 Oct. 1864. He served against the Sem- iiioles of Fla. in 1836-7 and 1840-2; in the Mexican war 1846-7 ; was at the siege of Vera Cruz, battles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Cerro Gordo, Chapultepec, and capture of city of Mexico ; and was brev. maj. and lieut.-col. for Contreras and Churubusco 20 Aug., and for Molino del Rey 8 Sept., 1847. Made prisoner of war by treachery of Gen. Twiggs at San Antonio, Tex., 9 May, 1861; exchanged 20 Aug. 1862. — Cu/liwi. Reeve, Tapping, LL.D., lawyer, b. Brook- haven, L.I., Oct. 1744; d. Litchfield, Ct., Dec. 13, 1823. N.J. CoU. 1763. In 1772 he re- moved to Litchfield, where he began to prac- tise law. In 1784 he instituted the Litchfield Law School, which soon became celebrated throughout the Union, and of which he was the sole instructor until 1 798, when he associated with himself James Gould, continuing to give lectures himself until 1820. In 1798-1814 he was a judge of the Superior Court. He was the first eminent Amer. lawyer who endeavored to effect a change in the laws regarding the property of married women, and was a Feder- alist in politics. He m. Sarah, sister of Aaron Burr. He pub. the Law of Baron and Femme, of Parent and Child, of Guardian and Ward, &c., 8vo, 1816 ; treatise on the Law of Descents, 8vo, 1825. Reid, David Boswell, M.D., F.U.S., physicist, b. Edinburgh, 1805; d. Washington, DC, 5 Apr. 1863. Educated at the U. of Edinb. He became eminent as a teacher of chemistry, and in the application of proper ventilation to public buildings. In 1856 he came to the U.S. ; was some time prof, of ap- plied chemistry in the U. of Wis., and after- ward resided at St. Paul, Minn. ; one of the inspectors of the U.S. sanitary com. Author of "Ventilation in American Dwellings," N.Y. 1863; "A Short Plea for the Revision of Education in Science," 1861 ; and contrib. manv papers to scient. journals. Reid, David S., gov. of N.C. in 1851-5, b. Rockingham Co., N.C, Apr. 19, 1813. Studied law, and wjis adm. to practice in 1833 ; was a member of the State legisl. in 1835-42; M.C. in 1843-7 ; U. S. senator 1856-61 ; dele- gate to the Peace Congress, Feb. 1861. — Reid, Gex. George, Revol. officer, b. N.H. 1733 ; d. Londonderry, N.H., Sept. 1815. His early education was scanty. He was a capt. in Stark's regt. at Bunker's Hill ; lieut.- col. of Patterson's regt. Nov. 4, 1775; col. N.H. 2d at the battle of Bemis Heights, Oct. 1777 ; and was present at the surrender of both Cornwallis and Burgoyne ; in 1785 he was a brig.-gen. of militia; and in 1791 was made sheritF of Rockingham County. Reid, John, a British gen., b. Scotland, Jan. 13, 1722; d. Lond. Feb. 6, 1807. Son of Alexander Robertson of Straloch. Educated at the U. of Edinburgh, and entered the army as a lieut. in Loudon's Highlanders, June 8, 1745 ; app. June 3, 1752, capt. in the 42d ; in 1758 he became major. He served under Am- herst in the French war ; was wounded in the exped. against Martinico, 1762, and promoted to a lieut.-col; in 1763 he was sent to the relief of Fort Pitt, then besieged by the Indians, REI 762 REN who were dufoateJ in tlie well-foufjln battle of Bushy Kun. In the following summer the 42d again formed part of another exped. under Bouquet against the Muskingum Indians. In 1765 Lieut.-Col. Reid com. all his Majesty's forces in the disc, of Fort Pitt ; and in 1766"an officer of the same name is mentioned as com- mandant at Fort Chartres, 111. In 1771 Lieut.- Col. Reid obtained a large tract of land on Otter Creek in Vt., from which, however, his tenants were expelled in 1772 by the people of Bennington. He became maj.-gen. Oct. 1781; lieut.-gen. Oct. 12, 1793; gen. Jan. 1, 1798. Reid, Capt. Mayne, novelist and soldier, b. in the north of Ireland, 1818. The son of a Presb. minister, he was intended for the church ; but a fondness for adventure led him in 1838 to Amer. Arriving at N. Orleans, he engaged in trading and hunting excursions up the Red and Mo. Rivers, and travelled through nearly every State in the Union. He after- ward settled in Phila. ; wrote for magazines ; served in the Mexican war ; and was wounded in the assault upon Chapultepec, where he led the forlorn hope. He afterward resided in Lond., and has written a series of very popular books for boys. Among the best are " The Rifle-Rangers," 1849; "The Scalp-Hunters," 1850; "The Quadroon," 1856; and "Os- ceola," 1858. An edition of his works in 15 vols, was pub. in 1868. He established a monthly magazine in Jan. 1869. Reid, Robert Ray.mo!«d, jurist, b. Pr. William Parish, S.C, Sept. 8, 1789; d. near Tallahassee, July 1, 1841. In early life he re- moved to Ga. ; was M.C. in 1819-23; after- ward m.iyor of Augusta. He was also a judge of the Superior Court of Ga. in 1816-19 and 1823-5. In 1832 Pres. J. Q. Adams app. him judge of the Superior Court for the eastern distrof Fla. ; and in 1839 Pres. Van Buren app. him gov. of Fla. While holding his ju- dicial oflSce in that State, he was a member of the conv. which formed a State constitution, over which body he presided in a creditable manner. —Miller, Bench and Bar of Ga. Beid, SAsinEL Chester, a naval officer, b. Norwich, Ct., Aug. 25, 1783 ; d. N.Y. City, Jan. 28, 1861. He went to sea at 11 ; was captured by a French privateer, and was 6 months a prisoner at Basseterre. He served as acting midshipman on the U.S. ship " Balti- more," in Com. Truxton's W. I. squad. ; and during the war of 1812 com. the privateer brig " Gen. Armstrong," with which he fought one of the most remarkable naval battles on record, at Fayal, Sept. 26 and 27, 1814. Her force was 7 guns and 90 men. She was attacked by the boats of the " Plantagenet " (74), " Rota (44), and " Carnation " (18). Reid succeeded in thoroughly disabling and defeating the enemy, and scuttled his own vessel to prevent her capture. The British lost 120 killed and 130 wounded. The Americans had 2 killed, 7 wounded. The attack upon " The Armstrong" in a neutral port led to a protracted diplomatic corresp. ; but the arbitration of Louis Napo- leon decided the cise against the Americans. Capt. Reid was app. a sailing-master in the navy, and held the office till his death. He was also warden of the port of N.Y., and in vented and erected the signal-telegraph at the battery and the Narrows, communicating with Sandy Hook, and regulated and numbered the pilot-boats. He is also disting. as the designer of the present US. flag. — 4/j/)/< (on. Raid, Whitelaw, b. Xenia, O., 1837. Miami U. 1856. Editor Xenia News; co-edi- tor Cincinnati Gazelle now (1871) nianaging ed. N. Y. Tribune. Author of " After the War, a Southern Tour," 1865-6, 12mo; "Ohio in the War," 2 vols. 8vo, 1868. — Allibone. Reinagle, Alexander, musical com- poser.and manager of Phila. and Bait, theatres; d. B^lt. 21 Sept. 1809, a. 61. Reno, Gen. Jesse L., b. Va. 1823 ; killed at the battle of South Mountain, Sept. 14, 1862. West Point, 1846. Entering the ord- nance dept., he was brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Cerro Gordo ; com. a howitzer battery at the storming of Chapultepec, where he was sevcicly wounded, and brev. capt. He was afterward assist, prof, of math, at West Point; sec. of the board of artillery ; was imployedin the coast-survey and in the construction of a military road from Big Sioux to St. Paul. He accomp. Gen. Johnston to Utah as ordnance officer; was made 1st lieut. of ordnance. Mar. 3, 1853; capt. July 1, 1860; brig.-gen. vols. Nov. 12, 1861 ; and maj.-gen. 18 July, 1862. He com. the 2d brigade in Burnside's exped. to N.C. ; was disting. at the battle of Roanoke Island for gallantry in leading the attack on Fort Bartow ; participated in the capture of Newbern and other important military opera- tions ; was ordered to re-enforce Gen. McClel- lan on the peninsula in July, 1862; afterward joined Gen. Pope's army of Va., and took part in the actions near Manassas at the close of Aug. 1862, and com. the 9th corps. At the battle of South Mountain he was in advance, and engaged during the whole day ; was con- spicuous for his gallantry and activity ; and the success of the day was greatly owing to his efforts. Rensbaw, James, capt. U.S.N., b. Pa., 1784; d. Washington, D.C., May 29, 1846. Midshipm. July 7, 18U0; lieut. Feb. 25, 1807; com. Dec. 10, 1814; capt. Mar. 3, 1825. Renshaw, Richard T., capt. U.S.N., b. Pa. March 22, 1821. Midshipm. Feb. 26, 1838; lieut. 1861 ; com. Sept. 22, 1862; capt. 1869; com. steamer " Lousiana," N. Atl. block, squad., 1861-4; at capture of Roanoke Island, Feb. 8, 1862 ; Washiiigton, N.C, Sept. 6, 1862; defence of Washington, N.C, Apr. 1863; and several minor actions. Com. steam- er " Massasoit," N.A.B. squad., 1864-5 ; in several engagements on James River ; com. steamer " Agawam," Atl. squad., 1865-6. — Uamersl,/. Renshaw, William B., com. U.S.N., h. N.Y. ab. 1815; d. Jan. 1863. Midshipm. 1831 ; lieut. 1841 ; com. 1861. He com. the squad, blockading Galveston, and blew up his ship, which had run aground near that city, rather than surrender it, and was killed by the ex- plosion. Renwick, James, LL.D., phvsicist, b. New York 1792; d. there Jan. 12, 1863. Col. Coll. 1807, and from 1820 to 1853 was prof. REQ 763 REY of chemistry ami physics there. The mother of Prut. Rcnwick was a friuud and pet of the poet Burns, who addressed to her some of his sweetest poems. In 1838 he was app. by govt, one ot tlie comraiss. for the exploration of the N. East boundary between the U.S. and New Brunswick. He was a valuable contrib. to the N.Y. Reoiew and to the Whig Review; wrote Bio^'raphics ol Fulton, Kittenhouse, and Rum- ford, lor S|iai Iv^ , ■ Amcr. Biog. ; " a "Memoir of De Win ( ,,,h,;,, ' N.Y. 1834; a Treatise on the .Sir.uii LiiuiiM', and one on the practi- cal ajiplit atiuii> ol tin' principles of mechanics, N.Y. 184U. His '■ OutUnes of Nat. Philos.," 2 vols. Phila. 1832, was the earliest extended work on that subject in the U.S. ; and his "Out- lines of Geology," N.Y. 1838, preceded by several years any other te.xt-book on that sub- ject. He also pub. text-books on chemistry and philosophy for the use of schools; "Lives of Jay and Hamilton ; " and " Elements of Me- chanics," 8vo, 1832. Bequier, Augustus Julian, poet and lawyer, b. Charleston, S.C., May 27, 1825. His father was of Marseilles ; his mother the dan. of a Haytien lady, who fled to the U.S. upon the servile outbreak there. In 1844 he commenced the practice of law; in Oct. 18.50 removed to Mobile, Ala. ; was in 1853 app. by Pres. Pierce dist.-atty. for the Southern Dist. of Ala. ; was re-app. by Buchanan ; resigned the office on the secession of Ala. in Jan. 1861 ; and again received the app. from the govt, of the Confed. States a few months later. In 1842 he wrote " The Spanish E.xile," a 3-act play, successlully performed in Charleston and other places, and soon after pub. "The Old Sanc- tuary," a romance, was pub. Boston, 1846. Between 1845 and 1850 many of his minor poems apeared in the magazines. A coll. of his poems was pub. in Phila. in 1860; and " Marco Bozzaris," written in 1846, was suc- cessfully produced at the Mobile Theatre. — App/elon. Revere, Paul, engraver and patriot, b. Bos- ton, Jan. 1, 1735 ; d. there May 10, 1818. Of Huguenot descent, and was brought up to his father's trade of goldsmith. In 1756 he was a lieut. of art., and was stationed at Fort Edward, near Lake George. Onhis return, he established himself as a goldsmith, and acquiring, unaided, the art of copperplate engraving, was, at the revolutionary outbreak, one of the 4 engravers then in America. In 1766 he engraved a print emblematic of the repeal of the Stamp Act, which was very popular, as was also that called " The 17 Rescinders ; " in 1770 he pub. a print of "The Boston Massacre;" in 1774 another representing the landing of the British troops in Boston ; and was one of the grand jury w hich refused to act because of the action of parlia- ment in making the judge independent of the people. In 1775 he engraved the plates, made the press, and printed the bills, of the paper- money ordered by the Ms, Prov. Congress. By that body he was sent to Phila. to visit the powder-mill there, and learn the art of making powder, and on his return set up a mill with complete success. He was one of those who planned and executed the destruction of the tea in Boston harbor ; and on the night of April 18, 1775, Warren despatched him by w.iy of Charlcstown to give notice of the British expcd. to Concord. "The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere " is the title of one of Longfellow's poems. He was in the unfortunate Penobscot exped. of 1779. He was lieut.-col. of a regt. of art. in the State service, and, as grand mas- ter of Freemasons, had extensive influence. After the war, he was engaged in the casting of church-bells and cannon; and in 1795 as- sisted at the laying of the corner-stone of the Boston State House. He erected the extensive works at Canton, Ms., tor the rolling of copper, which business is continued by his successors, the " Revere Copper Co." First pros, of the Ms. Charitable Assoc. Paul Joseph his grand- son, b. Boston, Sept. 10, 1832, d. Westmin- ster, Md., July 4, 1863, of a wound received at Gettysburg. H.U. 1852. Maj. 20ih Ms. Vols. July 1, 1861 ; col. Apr. 14, 1863; wounded and made prisoner at Ball's Bluff"; exchanged in Apr. 1862, and served in the Army ol the Po- tomac until his death. His bro. E. H. R. Re- vere, surgeon of his regt., was killed at Antie- tam, Sept. 17, 1862; b. July 23, 1827 ; M.D. Harv. Med. School, lSi9.~ Hair. Mem. Biog. Reynolds, Ignatius Aloysius, D.U., R. C. bishoi)of Charleston, S.C, b. near Bards- town, Ky., of an old Md. family, Aug. 22, 1798; d. Charleston, March 6, 1855. His par- ents were among the early settlers of Ky. He completed his education at St. Mary's Coll., Bait. ; filled various eccles. offices in his native State; was long vicar-gen. to Bishop Flaget; rector of St. Joseph's Coll., and pres. of the Nazareth Female Institute of Ky. ; consec. bishop of Charleston, March 18, 1844. Reynolds, John, a British admiral, and colonial gov. of Ga. ; d. a rear-adin. of the Blue, Jan. 1776. App. gov. of Ga. Aug. 6, 1754, he landed at Savannah Oct. 29, and resigned Feb. 1757 on account of disagreement with the council. He secured the friendship of the In- dians; established courts of judicature there; and Jan. 7, 1755, called together the first legisl. of Georgia. Reynolds, John, politician, gov. 111. 1830- 4, b. Montgomery Co., Pa., Feb. 26, 1789, of Irish parents, who landed at Phila. in 1786 ; d. Belleville, 111., May 8, 1865. He belonged to a company of scouts in the campaigns of 1812-13 against the Indians; practised law in Cahokia; was a justice of the Supreme Court of III. in 1818; was a member of the legisl. in 1826-30, 1846-8, 18.52-4; speaker of the house 1852-4. Com. III. volunteers in M.iy and June, 1832, during the Black Hawk war; was M.C. in 1835-7 and 1839-43. He pub. "Pioneer History of Illinoi-s," 1848; " Glance at the Crystal Palace, and Sketches of Travel," 1854 ; " My Life and Times," 1855; and at one time conducted the Belleville Eagle, a daily paper. He was a Democ. of the con- servative school. Resmolds, Gen. John Fulton, b. Lan- caster, Pa., 1820; killed at Gettysburg 1 July, 1863. West Point, 1841. Entering the 3d Art., he became 1st lieut. 18 June, 1846; brcv. capt. for Monterey 23 Sept. 1846, and major for Buena Vista 23 Feb. 1847 ; capt. 13 Mar. 1855, and disting. in actions with Indians near 764 RHO ■Rogue River, Oregon, in 1856; lieut.-col. I4tli Inf. U i[ay, 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. 20 Aug. 1861; mnj. -gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; ami col. 5th U.S. Inf. 1 June, 1863. He com. at Cheat Mountain, where Lee was repulsed, and Oct. 3 drove back the Confeds. at Greenbrier. At- tached to the Army of the Potomac, he fought at Mechanicsvillc, Gaiues's Mill, Savage Sta- tion, and at Glcudale, where he was captured, and for these services was brev. col. and brig.- gen. U.S.A. Released soon after, he com. his div. at the battle of Manassas, Aug. 29, 30 ; and took com. of the 1st army eoips in Dec, and led it at Fiedericksburg. With the right wing of Meade's array, consisting of about 8,000 men, he led the van, and, attacking the entire Confed. army, brought on the decisive battle of Gettysburg, but fell in the first day's Reynolds, John N., author of a " Voyage of the U. S. Frigate Potomac, 1831-4," N.Y. 1835; "Pacific and Indian Oceans," &c., 8vo, 1841. A prominent advocate of the exploring exped. to the Pacific and South Seas, on which subject he pub. an address in 1836; and has contrib. several spirited nautical sketches to the Knicka-hocker Magazine. Reynolds, Joseph, M.D. of H.U. 1827, b. Wilmington, Ms. Author of " Prize Essay on Manures; " " Agricultural Survey of Mid- dlesex Co., Ms. ; " "Peter Gott, the Cape-Ann Fisherman," 1856; "Gen. Hist, of the Indep. Odd Fellows' Soc," 8vo, 1842. He contrib. many articles to the Boston Med. Jom: and Jour, of National Med. Assoc. — AUibone. Reynolds, Joseph Jones, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ky. West Point, 1843. Assist. prof, there 1846-55 ; 1st lieut. 3d Art. 3 Mar. 1847; resigned 28 Feb. 1857; prof, mechanics and engr. Washington U., St. Louis, 1856-60; col. 10th Ind. Vols. 27 Apr. ; brig.-gen. vols. 17 May, 1861; maj.-gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; col. 26th Inf. 28 July, 1866. He was in vari- ous actions in West Va. in 1861 ; in campaign of Army of the Cumberland 1862-3 ; engaged at Hoover's Gap, Chickamanga, as chief of staff, Oct.-Dec. 1863 ; com. 19th corps 7 July, 1864, and organized forces for capture of Mo- bile and Fts. Gaines and Morgan ; com. dept. of Ark. Nov. 1864 to Apr. 25, 1866; brev. brig.-gcn. and maj.-gen. U.S.A., 2 Mar. 1867, for Chickanuiuga and for Missionary Ridge; tr. to 3d Cav. 16 Dec. 1870. — C«««m. Reynolds, Thomas, jurist, anil gov. of Mo. 1840-4, b. Bracken Co., Kv., Match 12, 1796; d Jefferson City, Feb. 9, 1844. He es- tablished himself in Illinois when young, and was elevated to tJie bench of the Supreme Court alter filling the posts of clerk of the house, atty.-gen., and speaker of the house. In 1828 he removed to Mo., where he was a mem- ber of the State legisl., and pres. judge of a court of justice. He subsequently became a monomaniac; and, to escape the fancied or real opposition of political rivals, he committed suicide. Reynolds, William Morton, D.D., b. Fayette Co , Pa., 1812. Jeff. Coll. 1832. He took orders in the Lutheran Church. Prof, in Pn. Coll. 18.33-50; pres. of Capital U., Ohio, 1850-7, and of III. State U. 1857; ord. in Prot.-Ep. Church ISIU. In 18-10 lie estab. and edited the £m;»; .1.' ' •iiu^l -.l..- /jitrari/ Record in 1845; au.l ill-,, i.l,r,l and edited, until July, I>| - i / ■ Ileview. Ho has contrib. to liil: I : :.i; .1 . Author of " Discourses on tli .^-mii-Ii I liunhcs," the " Captivi of Planni-," wiil. miiod. and III. State University ; " ;uid addlLJ.^^s and dis- courses on several occasions. — AUibone. Rhees, Morgan John, D.D., b. Glamor- ganshire, Wales, 1760 ; d. Somerset, Pa., 1804. Baptist minister at Penv-Gmn l''mil Ui,iourses pub. in Pa. His sun Mouuan J., D.D., an eminent Baptist minister of Phila.,d. Williams- burg, N.Y., Jan. 15, 18.53, a. ig . — AUibone. Rhett, Robert Barnwell, lawver and M.C, b. Beaufort, S C Dec. 24, ISO'O. Son of James and Marianna iSniitli, and adojjtcd the name of Rhett, a colonial ancestor, in 1837. Received a liberal education, and adopted the law as a profession ; was elected to the State legisl. in 1826; in 1832 atty.-gen. of S.C, acting with the ultra wing of the State-righis party during the nullification movement ; M.C. 1838- 49; and U.S. senator in 1830 and '51. He is said to have been the first man who proposed and advocated on the floor of Congress a dis- solution of the Union. He was a leading mem- ber of the State convention, which, Dec. 20, 1860, passed an ordinance of secession. He was a delegate to the convention of seceding States at Montgomery, and was chairman of the committee by which the constitution of the Confederate States of America was report- ed ; afterward a member of the Confed. Con- gress. His political views Inive been given to the public in the Charleston Mercury, a news- paper owned by himself, and conducted by his son, R. B. Rhett, jun. Rhind, Alexander Colden, captain U.N.S., b. N.Y. Sept. 3, 1821. Midshipm. Sept. 3, 1838 ; lieut. Feb. 17, 1854 ; com. Jan. 2, 1863; capt. 1870. Attached to the homo squadron, and present at Alvarado and Tabas- co, Mexican war; coast-survey 1849-50 and 1851-4; com. gunboat "Crusader," and en- gaged in various aftairs off S.C. in 1862; com. iron-clad " Keokuk " in attack on defences of Charleston, Apr. 17, 1863, which received 19 shots at and near her water-line, and sunk next day; com. "Paul Jones," S. A. B. squad., 1863, and took part in various attacks on Fort Wag- ner and other defences of Charleston ; com. "Agavvam," N.A.B. squad., 1864-5, and en- gaged 3 Confed. batteries at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 13, 1864, for which he was thanked by the dept. ; engaged in the perilous explosion of the powder-boat "Louisiana," near Fort Fisher, Dec. 23, IS^i. — Hamersly. Rhodes, Gen. Robert E., b. Lynchburg, Va., 1826 ; killed in battle at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. Va. Milit. Inst. 1848; prof. in that institution until his removal to Ala. Capt. of the Mobile cadets in 1861 ; then col. 5th Ala. Regt. ; promoted to brig.-gcn. soon af- ter the first battle of Manassas ; wounded at Seven Pines and SharpsbiirL,' ; fouj;lit at Fred- cricksbiirj» and Chancellorsville, where he be- came maj.gen. ; served through the Pa. cam- paign; with Early in the defence of Lyncli- burg ; and with the Army of the Valley, com- manding one of its two army corps, until he fell. Biall, Sir Phinbas, a British gen. ; d. Paris, Nov. 10, 1851. Ensign 92d Foot, Jan. 1794; Jan. 1, 1800, lieut.-col. by brcv. ; com. a brigade in the expedition against Martinique, against Saintes in 1809, and at the capture of (iuadaloupn in Feb. 1810 ; June 4, 1813, ho be- came maj.-gen. ; in Sept. he was ordered to Canada, serving on the Niagara frontier; com. at the battle of Cliippewa, where he was wound- ed, and at the severely-contested battle of Lun- dy's Lane, 24 July, 1814. In Feb. 1815 he was app. gov. of Granada, and attained the full rank of gen. in 1841. — Morgan. Ribault (re-bo), Jean, a French navigator, who led the tirat colony to Florida, b. Dieppe ab.l5i!0; kUlodinFla.lSGS. Admiral Coligny, having determined to found a Huguenot colony in Amer., fitted out two vessels for an exped. to Fla., giving the com. to Ribault, who sailed from Havre de Grace, Feb. 18, 1562, and early in May anchored in Port-Royal harbor. A fort was built south of the present site of Beau- fort, and named Caroline, in honor of the king of Francj ; and 26 colonists were left in pos- session, who, when reduced to the point of star- vation, set sail in a crazy bark, and were picked up by an English ship. An expedition under Laudonniere sailed in April, 1564, and on the River May, now called the St. John's, built a fort, also called Caroline. After great suffer- ing, they were on the point of returning to France, when Ribault, who left Dieppe May 22, 1565, arrived with a fleet of 7 vessels. Scarce- ly had ho anchored, when a Spanish fleet, un- der Menendez, appeared, with orders from the king to "gibbet and behead all the Protestants in those regions." The French fleet, unpre- pared for battle, cut its cables, and escaped. The Spaniards repaired to St. Augustine, where Ribault, against the advice of his officers, de- termined to attack them. A tcn'ible storm wrecked his vessels on the coast of Fla., near Capo Canaveral, ab. 100 miles S. of St. Augus- tine. In the mean time, Menendez surprised the garrison of Fort Caroline, and massacred near 200 of both sexes. Ignorant of their fate, Ribault endeavored to reach the fort, but fell into the hands of Menendez, and, with nearly all his party, was massacred. A French exped. under De (jorgues,in 1567, in retaliation, seized two forts near the St. John's, and the important fort of St. Mateo, and hanged all their prisoners on the same tree upon which his countrymen had been executed by Menendez. A vol. of 42 pages, now extremely rare, being an Eng. trans- lation of the report of his first voyage, made by Ribault to Coligny, was pub. in London un- der the title of " The Whole and True Discov- erye of Terra Florida, &c. ; written in French by Capt. Ribauld, the first that whollye discov- ered the same, and now newly set forthe in Englishe the XSX. of May, 15'63." Rice, Alexandeb Hamilton, a leading merchant of Boston, and M.C. 1859-67, b. New- tonL.FaIls,Ms.,.30Ang.l818. Un.CoU. 1814. Son of Thomas, a papcr-manuf. Three years a clerk in the paper-store of Wilkins & Carter of Boston, in which firm he became a partner after graduating in 1 844 ; the present style of the firm being Rice, Kendall, & Co. Member com. council in 1856 ; its pros, in 1857 ; mayor of Boston in 1 857-9, and identified with sev- eral important measures for city improvements ; and chairman of the naval com. of the .3(Sth and 39th Congresses, — a position of great labor and responsibility during the Rebellion. Mr. Rice is a man of scholarly tastes, and is a graceful and fluent speaker. Rice, David, b. Hanover Co., Va., 20 Dec. 1733; d. 18 June, 1816. N..T. Coll. 1761. Ord. by the presbytery of Hanover in Nov. 1762, and was settled successively in Hanover, Va., 1 763-8, and in Ky., where he was the pioneer preacher, having cmig. thither in Oct. 1783. Active in estab. Hamp. Sid. Coll. Author of "Essay on Baptism," 1789; " Lects. on Di- vine Decrees," 1791 ; " Slavery Inconsistent," &c., a speech, 1793; "Letters on Christianity," yVeekli/ Recorder, 1814; also sermons and epis- tles. — Sprarjue. Rice, Geoege Edward, wit and poet, b. Boston, July 10, 1822 ; d. insane at Roximry, Ms., Aug. 10, 1861. H.U. 1842. He studied and practised law. Contrib. to the N. A. Re- view and other leading periodicals ; wrote sev- eral humorous plays, which were acted with ap- plause ; pub. several humorous works, and a vol. of serious poems, called "Nugamenta." His poem, "The Present Time," was frequent- ly delivered by him in public. Rice, Harvev, poet, b. Conwav, Ms., June 11,1800. Wras. Coll. 1820. He cm'ig. to Cleve- land in 1824; opened a classical school; was adm. to the bar in 1826 ; became a representa- tive in 1830, and agent for the sale of the W. Reserve school-lands ; Democ. candidate for Congress in 1834 and 1836; established the Cleveland Plain-Dealer in 1 829 ; member of the State senate in 1852-3 ; and author of Jhe com- mon-school system then enacted. His poems were collected in 1859, entitled " Mt. Vernon and other Poems." Contrib. to the Western Mag., Nineteenth Cetitury, Great Republic, &c. Author of address at the Centennial Celeb, at Conway, Ms., 1867. — Poe(s and Poetry of tlie West. Rice, Gen. James Clay, b. Worthington, Ms., Dec. 27, 1829 ; d. from wounds at the b.at- tle near Spottsylvania C. H., May 11, 1864. Y.C. 1854. In 1855 he taught in Natchez, Mpi. ; was editor of a paper there ; and, after studying law, was adm to the bar. Returning North in 1856, he practised in N. York. When the war broke out, he enlisted as a private, but by merit attained the colonelcy of the 44th N.Y. (Ellsworth's) Regt.; was in the battles of Yorktown, Hanover C. H., Gaines's Mill, Malvern Hill, Manassas, Fredericksburg, Chan- cellorsville, and at Gettysbm-g, where he com. a brigade, and displayed great skill and gal- lantry ; brig.-gen. Aug. 17, 1863. He took part "in the operarions of Mine Run and the terrible battles of the Wilderness. — Y. C. Obit. Record. Rice, John Holt, D.D. (N.J. 1819), a 766 RIC Preshyterian clergyman, b. New London, Bed- ford Co., Va., Nov. 28, 1777; d. Prince Ed- ward Co., Va., Sept. 3, 1831. Wash. Coll., Va. He was in 1796-9 a tutor at Hamp. Sid. Coll.; was the founder of Un. Tlieol. Sem. in 1824, at the head of which he passed his last years ; and in 1817 originated and edited the Evamjellcal and Lit. Maq. The prime of liis life was spent as a pastor in Richmond. He labored much, and with success, among the negro slaves. Emi- nent as a writer and as a pulpibK)rator. He pub. "Memoirs of S. Davies; " "An Illustra- tion of the Presb. Chnrcl> in Va.," 1816; "Me- moir of Rev. J. B. Taylor," 1830; "Consid- erations on Religion," 'l8.32. His Life by Dr. Wm. Maxwell was jmb. Phila. l%35. — Sprague. Kice, Luther, a Baptist clergyman, b. Northborough, Ms., Mar. 25, 1783; d. Edge- field Dist., S.C, Oct. 25, 1836. Wms. Coll. 1810; And. Theol. Sem. He was one of the first who devoted themselves to the missionary eervice in Asia. Ord. at Salem, Feb. 6, 1812, and sailed for Calcutta a few days after; be- came a Baptist, and rettimed to Amer. in Mar. 1813 to enlist the Baptist denomination in the cause of foreign missions. He labored in that cause several years with success ; then settled in Va. ; was instrumental in founding Colum- bian Coll., D.C., and was for 10 or 12 years its agent and manager. He wrote many appeals and addresses. — See Memoir in Chris. Review, vi. 321. Rice, N. L., D.D, pastor Central Presb. Ch., Cin., and afterward of the Second Presb. Ch., St. Louis, and the Fifth-ave. Ch., New York. Has pub. Del)ates, — on Baptism, with Rev. Alex. Campbell ; on Universal Salvation, with Rev. E. Prmgree ; and on Slavery, with Rev. J. A. Blanchard, 1845; " Romanism the Ene- my of Free Institutions," 1851; "The Signs of the Times," 1855; "Baptism," Country and the Church," 1861 pit," 1862; "Discoi 855 ; " Our "The Pul- God Sove- reign, Man Free," 1870. Bice, Gen. Samuel A., b. NY. ; d. Os- kaloosa, lo., 6 Julv, 1864, of wounds .it the battle of Salem RiVer, Ark. Col. 33d Iowa Vols., and conspicuous at the battle of Helena, where he com. a brigade ; bri^.-gen. 4 Aug. 1863; took an honorable part in every battle of the campaigns of 1 863-4 in Ark. until fatally wounded. Rice, TnoMAS D. (" Jim Crow "), b. N.Y. May 20, 1808; d. there Sept. 19, 1860. A carver by trade. He joined a theatrical com- pany in 1829, and, by his excellent imitations of the negro, soon attained celebrity. In 1836 he played Jim Crow at the Surrey, Lond., with extraordinary success. After his return to the U.S., he played as a star in the principal cities. He composed " Bone Squash, a burlesque opera, and a negro extravaganza on the plot of Othello, both of which were very successl'ul. — Brown's Amer. SUifje. Rich, Obadiah, a Lond. bookseller, b. Boston, Ms., 1783; d. London, Jan. 20, 1850. He went to Spain when young, and for some time filled the situation of U.S. consul at Valentia. While in Spain, he formed a rich col- lection of rare and valuable works relating to Spanish America. Mr. Ticknor, in his " His- tory of Spanish Literature," makes honorable mention of his services and knowledge. He pub. "Bibliotheca Americana," 2 vols. 8vo, 1835. Richard, Gabriel, a French missionary, b. Saintes, Oct. 15, 1764 ; d. Detroit, Sept. 13, 1832, of cholera. Educated at the Coll. of Augers. He became a priest in 1790; came to the U.S. in 1792 to teach mathematics at the Coll. of Baltimore, but was sent by Bishop Carrol as a missionary to Kaskaskia, III. He went to Detroit in 1798, where he ofiiciated as grand vicar of the bishop of O., and under- took for a short time the publication, in French, of a periodical entitled Essais du Michigan. During the war of 1812, he fell into the hands of the English; was sent to Sandwich, U.C. ; and was the means of saving several prisoners from the cruelty of the Indians. Sent as a delegate to Congress in 1 823, he consecrated his salary to pious purposes. He spoke and wrote 7 different languages ; was a man of great benev- olence, and was ardently attached to Ameri- can institutions and the principles of liberty. He pub. in French some Catholic books, and the Laws of the Territory. Richards, James, D.D. (Y.C. 1815), Presb. clergyman, b. New Canaan, Ct., 29 Oct. 1766; d. Auburn, Aug. 2, 1843. Descended in the 4th generation from Samuel, a Welsh- man, who settled near Stamford, Ct. Edu- cated at Yale, from which in 1794 ho received an hon. degree. In 1794 he bccnme the pastor of the First Presb. Church in Moriistown, N. J., and in 1809 of the church of Newark, N.J.; app. prof in the Theol. Sem., Auburn, N.Y., in 1823. His Lectures, with a Memoir by S. H. Gridley, were pub. in N.Y. in 1846. A selection of 20 sermons, with an essay on his character by William B. Sprague, D.D., was pub. 1849. Richards, Major John, b. Eng. ; d. Bos- ton, Apr. 2, 1694. Son of Thomas of Dor- chester in 1 630. W«s a member of the A. & H. Art. Co., Boston, 1644. In 1649-53 was an Indian trader at Arrowsic Island, Kennebec, but beciime an opulent merch.int in Boston. He was sergeant-miijor of the Suffolk regt. in 1683-9; trunsurcr (if Il.U. 1672-85; represen- tative for Xruluin |.,7I-;, fur Iladlev 1675, Boston 107!) -' ! ! ; . i; .tssist. l'680-6; judge of til. ^ : ' :; U)92 ; and coun- cillor from li.'i.' iiii hi- 'i.iili. He h.id been with Dudley an a-rnt in Eng. He bequeathed legficies of £100 each to H.U., the town of Boston, and the Second Church. Richards, John, D.D. (DC. 1845), a prominent Coul'. clergyman, b. Farmington, Ct., Mavl4, 1797; d" Hanover, N.H, Mar. 29, 1859' Y.C. 1821 ; Andovcr, 1824. Ord. at Windsor, Vt., 1827, having been for 3 irears an agent of the Board of Foreign Missions. In 1830-9 he was assoc. editor of the Vermont Chronicle; was installed at Hanover in 1841 ; had been for several years sec. of the N.H. Edu- cation Society; wrote extensively lor periodi- cals ; and began a scries of biogs. (completed and pub. by Dr. Chapman) of graduates of D.C. Richards, William, missionary, b. Plain- field, Ms., Aug. 22, 1792; d. Honolulu, Dec. 7, 1847. Williams Coll. 1819 ; And. Sem. 1822. Nov. 19, 1822, he embarked from N. RIC 767 Haven as a missionary to the Sandwich Is- lands. In 1838 he became councillor, as well as interpreter and chaplain to the king, and, after the recognition of the independence of the islands by foreign powers, was sent as am- bassador to Eng. and other courts. Returning in 1845, he was app. minister of public instruction. Bicliards, Williaji C, Baptist minister, b.Lond. 1817. Madison U., N.Y., 1840. Emig. to Amer. in 1831 ; lived 15 years in Ga. and S.C, and has since 1853 been'stationed in N.Y. Author of " A Day in the Crj-stal Palace," 1853 ; " Harry's Vacation," 1854 ; " Election," 1858 ; " Memoir of George N. Briggs," 1866. He edited the Orion Mag. 3 years ; Georgia. Illustrated, 1842; Southern Lit. Gazette 5 years ; Schpolfellow 6 years. Conirib. to vari- ous periodicals. His wife (formerly Cornelia. H. Bradley, b. Hudson, N.Y., 1822, m. in 1841) has contrib. to the periodicals edited by her husband, and has pub. some books under the nam deplume of Mrs. Manners. — Allihone. Bichardson, Albert Deaxe, authorand journalist, b. Franklin, Ms., 1833 ; assassinated in New York, Dec. 2, 1869. At 17 he went to Pittsburg, Pa., where he taught, and wrote for the press ; he afterwards wrote for the Cincin. papers ; went to Kansas as corresp. of the Bos- ton Journal, and while there acted as sec. of the Terr, legisl., and adj.-gen. He was afterward a corresp. of the Tribune during the war, and, after 20 months in Confed. prisons, escaped Dec. 18, 1864. His account of this is in his " Field, Dungeon, and Escape." He visited California in 1865, and on his return wrote " Beyond the Mississippi," which had a large sale. He also pub. in 1868 a " Life of General Grant." In 1867 he made the acquaintance of Mrs. McFar- land, and by his attentions excited the jealousy of her husband, who attempted to murder him in March, 1868. Mrs. McFarland obtained a divorce in the autumn of 1869. Nov. 26 Mc- Farland shot Richardson in the Tribune office, and was tried for murder, but acquitted on the ground of insanity. Before Richardson's death, the marriage-ceremony was performed between him and Mrs. McFarland. This lady, nt; nn'iiil. r State logisl. 1836, '38, and '41: >[.. ,!.,r ..! th.- lioxisc in 1844. Having remnv. 4 i.i 111 ,Ih wa, i'ai)t.in Hanlin's regt. vols, in iluxiiau war; di.r Eider, Geokge Thomas, Epis. clergyman, b. Coventry, R.I., 1829. Trin. Coll. 1850. Author of " Plain Music for the Com. Prayer- Book,"1854; " Lyra Anglicana," 1864; "Lyra Americana," 1864. Contrib. to Lit. World, N.Y. Churchman, &c. — Allibone. Eidgely, Charles, phvsii ian, b. Dover, Del., Jan. 26, 1738; d. there Nov. 25, 1785. Educated at the Phila. Acad. Studied medi- cine under Dr. Phineas Bond ; commenced practice at Dover in 1758, and continued there in successful practice through his life. From 1765,witli fewintervals, tillthc close of his life, he was a member of the lc^i>-l. of Del.; was pres. judge in Kent Co. in tlie C.C.P., and of Quarter Sessions before the Uevol. ; was a member of the State Const. Conv. in 1776; and was agnin called to the bench, which he occupied as long as he lived. By his first wife he had Nicholas, chancellor of Del. ; by his second wife he had Henky MoonE, U.S. sena- tor 1826-9, M.C. 1811-15, b. 1778, d. 7 Aug. 1847. — r/iacfcr. Ridgely, Charles, of Hampton, gov. Md. 1815-18 ; d. July 17, 1829, a. 69. Often member of the State legisl. ; a man of large in- herited fortune, liberal and hospitable. By his will he manumitted his slaves, 300 or 400 in number. Ridgely, Charles G., commo. U.S.N., I), Baltimure, July 2, 1784 ; d. Phila. Feb. 4, 1848. Midshipm. Oct. 19, 1799; was with Commo. Preble at the battle of Tripoli, and for his gallant conduct in that war received a gold medal from Congress; lieut. Feb. 2, 1807; master corn. July 24, 1813; capt.Feb.28, 1815. Ridgely, Daniel B., commo. U.S.N. ; d. Phila. May 5, 1868; b. Ky. Entered the navy 1828; commo. 1866. Riedesel (ree'-deli-z2I), Baron Fried- rich Adolfh, a German gen. in the British service, b. Lauterbach, Rhinchesse, June 3, 1738; d. Brunswick, Jan. 6, 1800. After study- ing at the College of Marburg, he became ensign of inf. in the English service ; served under Prince Ferdinand in the 7-years' war, and in 1 760 was eapt. of the Hessian Hussars ; made lieut.-col. of the Black Hussars 1762; adj. -gen. of the Brunswick army in 1767 ; col. of carbineers 1772; and early in 1776, as maj.-gen., took com. of the division of 4,000 Brunswiekers hired by Great Britain to aid in the reduction of her revolted American Colo- nies. He arrived at Quebec, June 1 ; actively aided in the taking of Ticonderoga, July 6 ; secured the British victory at Hubbardlon the next day by bringing up re-enforcements ; and, taking part in the subsequent movements of Burgoyne, was made prisoner at Saratoga, Oct. 17; was exchanged in the autumn of 1780; and in Aug. 1783 returned home. Made lieut. -gen. March, 1787, he com. the Brunswick contingent serving in Holland ; retired to Lauterbach in 1793 ; and in 1794 be- came com. of Brunswick. His Memoirs, Let- ters, and Journals in America, by Max Von F.clking, were translated by Wm. L. Stone, and pub. 2 vols., 1868. His wife Frederica Charlotte Louisa, b. Brandenburg, 1746, d. Berlin, 29 Mar. 1808. Dau. of the Prus- sian minister Massow ; m. at the age of 16,and accomp. her husband in his Amcr. campaign.'!. Her son, the Count de Reuss, pub. " Voyage de Mission en Am&ique, ou Lettres de ilme. Riede- sel," Berlin, 1799, an Eng. translation of which was pub. in N.Y. 1827, and a complete edition transl. by Wm. L. Stone, 8vo, 1867. Riley, Gen. Bennet, b. Baltimore, 1786; d. Buffalo, June 9, 1852. Entering the army at an early age, he was app. ensign in the Ri- fles Jan. 19, 1813; capt. 5th Inf. Aug. 1818; m.ij. 4th Inf. 1837; lieut.-col. 2d Inf. Dec. 1839; col. 1st Inf. Jan. 31, 1850. In Aug. 1823 he disting. himself in an engagement under Col. Leavenworth with the Arickaree In- dians ; in the battle of Chakachatta in Fla., June 2, 1840, Col. Riley was particularly dis- ting. He com. the 2d Inf. under Gen. Scott ; and in the Valley of Mexico was the com. of the 2d brigade of Twiggs's division ; was dis- ting. at Cerro Gordo, for which he was brev. brig.-gen., and owed his brev. of maj.-gen. to his gallantry at Contreras. In 1849 and '50 he com. the military dept. of Upper California. Riley, Capt. James, noted for his ship- wreck and captivity among the wild Arabs on the southern coast of Africa, b. Middletown, Ct., 1775 ; d. at sea. Mar. 15, 1840. After his escape from the Arabs, and the kindness shown to him by Mr. Wiltshire atMogadore, Captain Riley had, with the exception of a residence in Van Wert County (1821-8), Ohio, con- stantly traded to that port. Member of the Ohio legisl. 1823. He had a strong mind, great energy and perseverance, not easily dannted by danger, and possessed many excel- lent traits of character. His narrative was drawn up by Anthony Bleecker, and pub. 1816. A sequel, containing Rilev's subsequent career, was pub. by his son, W. Wiltshire Riley, 8vo, 1851. Rimmer, William, sculptor, and lecturer on art-anatomy, b. Boston, 20 Feb. 1821. Dr. R.'s medical education, together with his taste for art, led him into the career of lecturer on art-anatomy, which he has successfully culti- vated in various cities, his present residence and studio being in Boston. He delivered the first course of lectures on art before the Lowell Institute, Boston ; and has lectured in the university at Cambridge, and before the Nat. Acad, of N.Y. (1870). Director of the School of Design in N.Y. 1866-70. He has produced statues of "The Falling Gladiator," " Osiris," Alex. Hamilton, and a head of" St. Stephen." Author of "Elements of Design," 8vo, 1864. Rincon, Antoine del, b. Pueblo de los Angelos; d. Mexico, 1641. Author of "Arte de la Lengua Mexicana," 12mo, Mexico, 1595. He was a Jesuit, who devoted his entire life to the conversion of the Mexicans. Ringgold, Cadwaladeb, rear-admiral U.S.N., h. Md. 1802; d. N.Y. City, April 29, 18G7. Son of Gen. Samuel. Midshipm. Mar. 4, 1819; liiut. May 17, 1828; com. July 16, 1849; capt. Apr. 2, 1856; commo. July 16, 1862 ; rear-adm. Mar. 1867. "While a com., he was for a short time in charge of the surveying and exploring expedition to the N. Paeilic and China seas. At the breaking-out of the Rebel- lion he was transferred to the frigate " Sabine;" was engaged in blockading the Southern ports, RTN" 770 and in the various operations of the navy against Port Royal and other ports on the Atlantic; retired Dec. 1864. Autlior of a scries of charts, with sailing-directions, 4to, 1852. Ringgold, George Hay, lieut.-col. U.S.A., b. Hagerstown, M(l., 1814; d. San Francisco, April 4, 1864. West Point, 1833. Major and paymaster in the Mexican war, and in 1862 became dep. paym.-gen. (rank of lieut.- col.). He was a scliolar, an accomplished draughtsman, and amateur painter, and pub. in 1860 a vol. of poetry entitled " Fountain Rock, Amy Weir, and other Metrical Pa,s- times." Ripley, Eleazer Wheelock, maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Hanover, N.H., April 15, 1782; d. West Feliciana, La., Mar. 2, 1839. Dartm. Coll. 1800. Nephew of Prcs. John Wheelock. His father Svlvanus, D. J)., prof, of divinity in Dartm. Coll. 1782-7, d. Feb. 5, 1787. The son practised law on the Kennebec and in Port- land, Me., where he went in 181 1 ; was a mem- ber of the legisl. of Ms. in 1810-11, speaker in 1812; was State senator 1812; and was app. lieut.-col. 21st Inf ; col. March 12, 1813; and was wounded in the attack on York, U. C, April 27, 1813 ; was actively engaged on the frontier until April 15, 1814, when he was pro- moted to the rank of brig.-gen.; was in the following July app. to com. the second brigade of Gen. Brown's army, taking part in the bat- tles of Chippewa and Niagara ; was brev. maj.- gen. as a reward for his gallant conduct and the severe wounds received in the latter of those battles. In the defence of Fort Erie, Aug. 15, and the sortie of Sept. 17, in which he was shot through the neck, he acted a con- spicuous and gallant part, and for his services during the campaign was honored by Congress with a gold medal inscribed " Niagara, Chip- pewa, Erie." Gen. Ripley resigned Feb. ■ ■ law in La. ; he Stutesen ctised mate ; July of id M.C. in 1835-9. He pub. Ripley, Ezra, D.D. (H.U. 1816), a Uni- taiian minister, b. Woodstock, Ct., May 1, 1751 ; d. Concord, Ms., Sept. 21, 1841. H.U. 1776. He spent some time in teaching ; oiBci- ated a short time as a chaplain in the army ; and Nov. 11, 1778, was ord. pastor of one of the largest congregations of Ms., located in Concord, preaching for the last time. May 1, 1841, his ninetieth birth-day. He puli. several oecas. sermons, and " A History of the Fight at Concord," 1827. Ripley, George, critic, and man of let- ters, b. Greenfield, Ms., Oct. 3, 1802. H.U. 1823; Camb. Divinitv School, 1826. Tastor of the 13th Cong. (Unit.) Church, Boston, 8 Nov. 1826-28 Mar. 1841. Prominent in the socialist experiment at Brook Farm (Roxburv, Ms.) in 1844-6, and in 1847 removed to N.Y. City. Associate editor, with R. W. Emerson and Margaret Fuller, of the Dial, 1840-1 ; editor of the Harbiniji^ (a Fourierite organ) 1844-8; and since 1840 lit. editor of the iV. T. Tribune. Assoc, editor with C. A. Dana of Appleton's New American Cyclopedia (1857- 62). Author of Discourses on the Philos. of Religion, 8vo, 1836; Letters to Andrews Nor- ton on " The Latest Form of Infidelity," 1840. Edited " Specimens of Foreign Standard Lite- rature," 1838-42, 14 vols. ; with Bayard Taylor, " Hand-Book of Literature and the Fine Arts," 1852 and 1857. Ripley, Hesrt Jones, D.D. (U. of Ala. 1844, H.U. 1845), clergyman, b. Boston, Ms., June 28, 1798. H.U. 1816 ; And. Sem. 1819. He was ord. in Boston in 1819 ; and for 7 years (excepting one spent in Eastport) was pastor of the North Newport Baptist Church in Liberty Co., Ga. In Sept. 1826 he was app. prof, of bibl. lit. in the Newton Theol. Inst., Ms.; be- came, seven years after, prof, of bibl. lit. and interpretation ; and, later still, prof of sacred rhetoric and pastoral duties. He resigned in IS60, but still resides at Newton Centre. Be- sides sermons, tracts, and numerous articles in reviews, magazines, &c., he has pub. "Memoir of Rev. Thomas S. Winn," Boston, 1824 ; " Christian Baptism," 1833 ; " Notes on the Four Gospels," 2 vols. 1837-8 ; " Notes on the Acts of the Apostles," 1 844 ; " Sacred Rhetoric, or Composition and Delivery of Sermons," 1849; " Notes on the Epistle to the Romans," 1857; "Notes on Hebrews," 1868; "Church Polity," 1867; " Exclusiveness of the Bap- Ripley, James W., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Windham, Ct., 10 Dec. 1794; d. Hartford, Ct, 16 Mar. 1870. West Point, 1814. Enter- ing the art., he became capt. 1 Aug. 1825 ; capt. of ordnance 30 May, 1832 ; maj. 7 July, 1838 ; brev. lieut.-col. for merit, conduct in the Mex. war 30 May, 1848; lieut.-col. 31 Dec. 1854 ; brig.-gen. and chief of ordnance dept. 3 Aug. 1861 ; brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865; re- tired 15 Sept. 1863. He served under Jackson in the Seminole war of 1817-18; in 1823 was a commiss. for running the boundary-line of the Fla. Indian Reservation ; was two years chief of ordnance of the Pacific Dept. ; supt. of the Springfield Armory in 1841-54; and member of the ordnance board from 29 June, 1847. Ripley, Roswell Sabin, brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Ohio ab. 1823 ; d. Charlc c ton, Sre., ^ '■•-' Aug. 1863. West Point, 1843. Nephew of -/.,,j:, , Gen. J. W. Ripley. Entering the 3d Art., he became 1st lieut. 2d Art. Mar. 3, 1847 ; was aide-de-camp to Gen. Pillow in 1847-8 ; brev. f capt. for gallantry at Ceno Gordo, and major for gallantry at Chapultepec; resigned Mar. 2, 1853, and took up his residence in Charleston, B.C., wliere he had married. Before the civil war, he had actively engaged in the military service of SC. ; took a prominent part in the siege of Fort Sumter, became a brig.-gen., and was wounded at the battle of Antietam. Au- thor of " The War with Mexico," 2 vols. N.Y. 1849. Ritchie, Anna Cora. — See Mowatt. Ritchie, Robert, conimo. U S.N., b. Pa. 18u0; d. Pliila. 6 July, 1870. Midshipman 1 Feb. 1814; lieut. 13 Jan. 1825 ; com. 8 Sept. 1841; capt. 14 Sept. 1855; commo. (retired list) 1867. He com. the steam-sloop " Sara- nac." 1861-Mar. 1862. Ritchie, Thomas, journalist, b. Tappa- hannock, Va., Nov. 5, 1778; d. Richmond, July 12, 1854. His father, a native of Scot- land, and a merchant, died when Thomas was Rrr Rrv 6 years old. In adilitioa to his academical studies, he devoted some time to medicine ; commenced school-keeping at the age of 21 in Fredericksburg; removed to Richmond in 1803 ; and in 1804 became editor of a Demo- cratic newspaper, subsequently called the Rich- mond Enquirer. Of this paper he was the editor and proprietor forty years, exercising an influ- ence, which, considering its duration, was un- equalled by that of any other publication in the Union. In 184."> he relinquished the Enquirer to his two sons, having consented, at the soli- citation of Pres. Polk, to assume the editorial control of the organ of his administration, — a new paper called the Union, from which he retired in 1849. Thomas, his son, editor of tlie Enquirer, d. May 21, 1854. Ritner, Joseph, gov. of Pa. 18.35-9, b. 1779 ; d. Carlisle, Pa., 16 Oct. 1860. He served in the Pa. legisl. in 1820-7 ; was the unsuc- cessful candidate of the anti-Masons for gov. in 1829 ; was an efficient promoter of common schools, and a disting. opponent of slavery. Rittenhouse, David, LL.D. (U. of Pa. 1782), F.li.S. (1795), mathematician and as- tronomer, b. near Germantown, Pa., Apr. 8, 1732; d. Phila. June 26, 1796. His great- grandfather, a Hollander, established at Ger- mantown ab. 1690 the first paper-mill in Amor. While working on his father's farm at Norriton, he came into possession of the tools and mathe- matical books of a deceased nncle, and thor- oughly mastered Newton's " Priniipia." Before he was 19, he discovered the method of fluxions, and for some time supposed it was original with himself. He made a clock before he was 17 without instruction, and in 1751 applied him- self to that art, which he followed for some years, attracting public attention by his skill and knowledge. At 23 he planned and exe- cuted an orrery, which was purchased by Princeton Coll. A second and larger one was afterward constructed by him for the U. of Pa. In 1763 he was employed to determine the initial and most difficult portion of the boun- dary-line since known as Mason and Dixon's, which he did accurately with instruments of his own construction. He afterward fi.xed the boundaries between N.Y., N. J., and Pa., and several other States. App. by the Amer. Pliilos. Society to observe the transit of Venus, June 3, 1709, he was completely successful; though, at the moment of apparent contact, his emotion was so great, that he fainted. His account was pub. in the " Trans.ictions " of the society. In 1770 he removed to Phila., where he continued his clock and mathematical- instrument making with high reputation. In 1777-89 he was treasurer of Pa.; succeeded Franklin as pres. of the Philos. Soc. in 1791; was director of the U.S. mint in 1792-5 ; mem- berof the Acad, of Arts and Sciences at Boston. A nnraber of his pieces are to be found in the first four vols, of the " Trans." of the Philos. Soc. ; and an " Address " delivered before this body in 1775, upon the history of astronomy, was pub. by him. A Life of Rittenhouse was pub. in 1813 by his relative William Barton; and another, by Prof. James Renwick, is in Sparks's "Amer. Biog." Ritter, Abraham, of Phila. ; d. 1860, a. 63. Author of " Hist, of Moravian Church in Phila. 1742-1757," 8vo, 1857; "Philadelphia and her Merchants," &c., 8vo, 1860. Alli- Rivera (re-va'-ra), Jose Frcothoso, a S. Amer. general and a Guacho, pres. of the Re- pub, of Uruguay 1830-4; b. ab. 1790; d. 1854. Rivers, William James, educator, b. Charleston, S.C., 1822. S.C. Coll. 1841, of which in 1856 he was cMosen prof, of Greek lit., having for a number of years previous conduct- ed a largo private school. Author of a " Sketch of the History of S.C. to the Close of the Proprietary Govt.," 1856 ; " Catecliisin of the Hist, of S.C," 1850; and of a number of con- tributions to the periodical press of S.C. He has much local reputation as a poet. — Appie- JoiIN C, editor Congressional Globe, b. Ky. ab. 1796; d. Georgetown, D.C., April 10, 1864. Removed to Washington in 1824. He was a self-made man, and during the early part of Jackson's administration, with Frank Blair, sen., founded the Globe. He was never a partisan, and was generous in the extreme. Rives, William Cabell, statesman, b. Nelson Co., Va., May 4, 1793; d. near Char- lottesville, Va., April 26, 1868. Grandson of Col. Wm. Cabell. Educated at Hanip. Sid. and Wm. and Mary Colls. Studied law and politics under the direction of Thos. Jetierson ; was aide-de-camp in 1814-15 with a body of militia called out for the defence of Va. ;" was in 1816 a member of the State Const. Conv. ; member of the legisl. in 1817-19 and 1822; M.C. in 1823-9; in 1829-32 minister to France; U.S. senator 1832-45; again minister to France in 1849-53; member of the peace conf. in Feb. 1861. After the secession of Va., Mr. Rives became a member of the Provis. Confed. Congress at Montgomery. Author of " Life and Times of James Madison," Boston, 1859-69, 3 vols. 8vo ; on " Agriculture," 1842 ; " Life of John Hampden," 8vo, 1845 ; " Ethics of Christianity," 8vo, 1855; and "Discourse on the Uses and Importance of History." Mrs. Wm. C. Rives, b. Castle Hill, Albemarle Co., Va., 1802, is the author of " The Canary- Bird," 1835-6 ; " Residence in Europe," 1842 ; " Epitome of the Bible," 1846-7 ; " Home and the World," 1857. Rivington, James, royalist printer and bookseller of New York during the Revol., b. Lond. ab. 1724; d. N.Y. July, 1802. As a bookseller in Lond., he acquired some property, but lost it at Newmarket. In 1760 he came Amer., op established I publi; Gazetteer. " His ever open and uninfluenced press" advocated the cause of the English govt, with great zeal, and severely attacked the patriots. In May, 1775, he seems to have been placed in confinement by order of Congress, to which body he addressed a remonstrance, in which he solemnly declares, "that, however wrong and mistaken he may have been in his opinions, he has always meant honestly and openly to do his dnty as a servant of the public." Nov. 1775, in consequence of 1 ' Amer., opened a shop in Phila., but in 1761 iblished himself in New York, where, April 1773, he began to publish the New-\ork RO-A. 772 tacks npon the patriots, Capt. Isaac Sears, with a troop of horse, destroyed his press and other apparatus, and, carryiug off the types, converted them into bullets. Rivington then went to Eng. ; was app. king's printer in N.Y. ; returned with a new press after the city had fallen into the hands of the British ; and, in Oct. 1777, resumed the publication of his pa- per, the title of which he soon changed to liivinqton's N. Y. Loi/nl Gazette, and, on Dec. 13, to the Roi/al Gazette. In 1781, when British success looked very doubtful, he turned spy, furiiisliin.' W'n^liiiv.'ton with important infor- niaiiiiii ; 111(1 Mh II New York was evacuated, Riiiii .'I' I !! I ill the city. He changed the I.;. -,.'. ,.., u.Rivimton's N.Y. Gazette and t,.i;-,.^,Ii A'l iiliser. His business, how- ever, decliacd; his paper was stopped in 1783 ; and he passed the rest of his life in compara- tive poverty. He possessed much talent, fine manners, and was well informed. His was the most influential royalist journal of the times. Roane, Spencer, jurist, b. Essex, Va., April 4, 1762; d. Sept. 4, 1822. He studied law with Chancellor Wythe and in Phila. ; was successively a mpmber of the assembly, of the council, and of the senate ; was app. a judge of the Gen. Court in 1789, and in 1794 a judge of the Court of Errors. In 1819 he was oneof the commiss. for locating the University of Va. His wife was a dau. of Patrick Henry. He was a Jeffersonian Republican, and in several essays in the Richmond Enquirer, signed "Algernon Sidney," asserted the supremacy of the State in a question of conflicting authority between Va. and the U.S. Roane, John SELi>EN,gov. of Ark. 1848- 52, and a brig.-gen. C.S.A.; d. Pine Blufl", Ark., April 8, 1857. Lient.-col. of Yell's Ark. cavalry in the Mexican war ; disting. at the battle of Buena Vista ; and com. the rcgt. after Yell was killed ; made col. Feb. 28, 1847. Robbins, Ammi Ruham.\h, minister of Norfolk, Ct., from 1761 to his d.Oct. 30, 1813; b. Branford, Sept. 1740. Y. C. 1760. Son of Rev. Philemon. Chaplain in the army in Canada in 1776. He pub. a half-century ser- mon 1811. Robbins, Ashur, LL.D. (B.U. 18.35), lawver and statesman, b. Wcthersfiekl, Ct., 17.57; d. Newport, R.I., Feb. 25, 1845. Y. C. 178-2. Tutor in R. I. Coll. (now Brown U.) 1783-90; then studied law in Newport, where he estab. himself in practice, and continued to reside, attaining a high rank in his profession. U.S. dist.-attv. in 1812; member State legisl. 1818-25; and" U.S. senator 1825-39. Author of Oration, July 4, 1827; addresses and speeches. Robbing, Chandler, D.D. (H. U. 1855), b. Lynn, Ms., 14 Feb. 1810. H. U. 1829. Pastor of the Second (Unit.) Church, Boston, since 4 Dec. 1833. Author of " Dedication Sermon at Boston," 1845; "History of the Second Church, and of the New Brick Church," 8vo, 1 852 ; " Liturgy for a Christian Church," 1854; "Hymn-Book," 1854; Memoir of Ma- ria Elizabeth Clapp, 1858 ; of William Ap- pleton, 1863; also sermons. Co-editor with Geo. Livermore of vols. i. and ii. Proceed. Ms. Hist. Soc. ; and co-editor Cat. of Lib. of Ms. Hist. Soc, 2 vols. 8vo. Contrib. to Oirist. Exam., Knickerbocker, &c. — Allilione. Robbins, Royal, D.D., Cong, pastor, Kensington Parish, Berlin, Ct., b. Wethers- field, Ct., Oct. 21, 1788; d. Beriin, Ct., March 26, 1861. Y. C. 1806. Ord. June 26, 1812; dism. June 26, 18.59. Author of " Outlines of History," 8vo, 1839; An Account of American Literature, in Chambers's Hist, of English Lit- erature ; " World Displayed ; " Memoir of J. G. C. Brainerd, prefixed to an edition of his poems, and of Jas. G. Percival in " Selections of American Poetry." — OIj. Rec. Yale, 18G1. Robbins, Thomas, D.D. (H. U. 1838), clergyman and antiquary, b. Norfolk, Ct., Aug. 11, 1777; d. Colebrook, Ct., Sept. 13,1856. Y. C. 1796. He was pastor of the church in East Windsor, Ct., in 1809-27 ; at Stamford in 1830; and in 1832-42 at Rochester, Ms.; he afterwards resided in Hartford. In 1844 he be- came librarian of the Ct. Hist. Society, of which he was a founder, to whom he donated his valuable library. In 1811 he wrote a series of papers for the Ct. Evangelical Mag. on the divmes and statesmen of our early history, which were, in 1815, coll. and pub. as "First Planters of New England." He also pub. Century Sermon, Danburv, Jan. 1, 1801; "View of all Religions," 8vo, 1824; Tytler's Elements of Gen. History, revised and confin. to 1815, 12mo, 1820. Member of several hist, and antiquarian societies. — xV. E. U. and Gen. Req., xi. 94. Roberdeau, Gen. Daniel, Revol. officer, b. Isle of France, 1727; d. Winchester, Va., Jan. 5, 1795. Of Huguenot ancestry. He first settled in Pa., where he built a fort at Wyo- ming at his own expense, which was destroyed by the Indians. He was a lumber-merchant; had a good education ; and was a great public favorite in Phila., where he long resided. An active patriot, he was col. of a regt., and mem- ber of Congress 1777-9. — Lojial Poetry of Rev. Roberdeau, Isaac, col. U. S. topog. engs. ; d. Georgetown, D.C., Jan. 15, 1829, a. 65. Roberts, Anna S., b. Phila. 1827; d. 1 858. Dau. of Randall H. Rickey ; in 1852 m. Solomon W. Roberts, an eminent civil engi- neer. In 1851 she pub. a vol. of poems, " For- est-Flowers of the West ;" contrib. of poetry to the Columbian and Great IVest 1850-1. — See Poets and Poetn/ of the West. Roberts, Gen. Benjamin Stone, b. Manchester, Vt., 1811. West Point, 1835. Entering the 1st Dragoons, he became 1st lieut. in 1837, but resigned 28 Jan. 1839; became principal engr. on the Champbiiu and Ogdens- burg Railroad ; and in 1841 assist, geologist of the State of N.Y. In 1842 he visited Russia to assist Col. Whistler in the construction of railroads there. Returning to the U.S. he was adni. to the bar, and settled in its practice in Iowa in 1843-6. He re-entered the army 27 May, 1846, as 1st lieut. mounted rifles; became capt. 16 Feb. 1847 ; brev. major for gallantry at Chapultepec, where he com. a sforming-party ; served under Gen. Lane against the guerillas ; and was brev. lieut.-col. for his conduct at Matamorns and the Pass of Gualajara ; maj. 3d Cav. May 13, 1861. When the civil war 773 ROB began, he was with his rcgt. in N. Mexico, and was assigned by Col. Caiiby to com. the south- ern dist. He defended Fort Craig against the Texan forces under Siblev; was brev. col. 21 Feb. 1862 for Valverde ; and June 1, 1862, was ordered to Washington with the trophies and reports of the campaign ; July 16 he was made brig.-gen., and assigned to Gen. Pope's Army of Va. as chief of cavalry; acting insp.- gen., dept. of the North-west, Sept.-Nov. 1862 ; com. 1st. div. 19th corps in La. June-July, 1864 ; chief of cavalry, dept. of the Gulf, Oct. 1864 to 24 Jan. I86.i ; and com. in West Tenn Fcb.-July, 1865 ; lieut.-col. 3d Cav.,and retired July 28, 1866 ; brev. brig.-gen. Mar. 13, '65, for" Cedar Mountain, Va. — CuUum. BobertS, Col. Geokge Washington, b. Chester Co., Pa., Oct. 2, 1833 ; killed at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. Y.C. 1857. He prac- tised law in his native county and in Chicago after I March, 1860. July 22, 1861, he was made maj. 42d 111. Vols., lieut.-col. in Sept., and col. at the death of Col. Webb. He espe- cially disting. himself by spiking a number of guns at Island No. 10. An upper battery of the enemy prevented all boats from passing. Selecting a dark and stormy night, he, with 40 men in small boats, bravely accomplished this daring exploit. Also disting. at the battle of Farmington, at the siege of Corinth; com. a brigade of the Army of the Mpi. in the cam- paign of 1862 ; and in the battle of Stone Riv- er, with his brigade, kept at bay two divisions of theenemy. While heading a successful bay- onet charge of the 42d, he was killed. — Y.C. Obit. Record. Iloberts, Robeet Richford, D.D., a Methodist bishop, b. Frederick Co., Md., Aug. 2,1776; d.Lawrence Co., Ind., March 26,1843. With only the rudiments of a common educa- tion, he was licensed to preach in 1800, and soon manifested extraordinary abilities. In 1807 he was app. to the Light-st. Church, Bal- timore ; was stationed at Georgetown in 1812, at Phiia. in 1813 ; was in 1815 pres. elder of Schuylkill Dist., which then included Phila. and its vicinity ; in 1816 was elected pres. of the Phila. conf. ; and in the following May he was elected bishop. His Life, abouudini; in in- teresting anecdotes, was written by Rev. C. Elliot. Roberts, William, pub. an Account of the Discovery and Natural History of Florida, 4to, 1763. Robertson, Alexandek, painter, sec. of the Acad, of Fine Arts ; d. New York, May 27, 1841, a. 69. Robertson, Anthony L., jurist, b. N.Y. City, June, 1808 ; d. Dec. 18, 1868. Col. Coll. 1825. He practised law; became assist, vice- chancellor 5th dist. in 1846; was afterward surrogate of the county of N.Y. ; became judge of theSuperiorCourt in 1859, and chief justice in 1865. Robertson, George, LL.D., jurist, b. Mercer Co., Ky., Nov. 18, 1790 ; d. Jan. 1871. Alexander his father settled near Gordon's Station, Ky, in 1779; was sheriff of Mercer Co.; d. 1802. George studied at Transylv. Coll. and at Finley's Classical School, Lan- caster; began to practise law in 1809; M.C. 1817-21 ; member of the State legisl. 1822-7; speaker 1823 and 1825-7; sec. of state in 1828; judge of the Court of Appeals 1828; chief justice of Ky. 1829-43 ; prof, of law in Transylv. Coll. 2.3 years. He declined the governorship of Ark. and the missions to Co- lombia and Peru. Many of his speeches, ad- dresses, and other writings, have been pub. in " The Scrnp-Book," 8vo, 1856. He also pub. "Biog. Sketch of Hon. John Boyle," 8vo, 1838. Robertson, James, lieut.-gcn. British army, b. Fileshire, Scotland ; d. Eng. 4 Mar. 1788. App. maj. 1st batt. of the 60th Rcgt. Dec. 1755; dcp. quarterm.-gon. under Gen. Abcrcrombie, May, 1758, and present at Louis- burg ; lieut.-col. 8 July, 1758; accomp. Am- herst to Lakes George and Champlain in 1 759 ; app. to the 55th Regt.; took part in the exped. against Martinico in 1^762; exchanged into the I6th Regt. in 1763, 'and was stationed in N.Y. until tlie Revol. broke out; col. in 1772; Old. to Boston in July, 1775; app. maj.-gen. in Amer. 1 Jan. 1776;" col. comg. 60th 'Regt. 11 Jan. 1776; maj.-gen. 29 Aug. 1777 ; col. 16th Regt. 14 May, 1778; lieutf-gen. 20 Nov. 1782. At the evacuation of Boston, he not only shared in the plunder of the place, but connived at that of others. He com. the 6ih brigade of Howe's army at the battle of Long Island; returned to Eng. in Feb. 1777; was commissioned gov. of New York 14 May, 1779; sworn in 23 Mar. 1780; and returned to Eng. 15 Apr. 1783. While the fate of Andre' was pending, he was despatched by Clinton to Gen. Greene with the object of procuring his ex- change or release, but without result. Robertson, Gen. James, b. Brunswick Co., Va., June 28, 1742; d. Chickasaw Agen- cy, Tenn., Sept. 1, 1814. He was one of the early pioneers to "Tenn., having emig. to Wa- tauga in 1769; and was the founder of the Cumberland settleracn ts. In 1 790 he was app. brig.-gen. and com. of the Tenn. militia. Dur- ing the latter part of his life, he was U.S. agent at the Chickasaw Nation. — See Hist, of Hid. Tenn., or Life and Times of Gen. Jas. Robertson, hi/ A. W. Putnam, pres. Tenn. Hist. Soc., 8vo, 1859. Robertson, Thomas Bolling, gov. of La. in 1820-2, b. Richmond, Va., 1778; d. White Sulphur Springs, Va., Oct. 5, 1828. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1807. He was US. dist. judge of La., and the first M.C. elected in that State 1812-18. Robertson, William, D.D., historian, b. Borthwick, Scotland, 19 Sept. 1721 ; d. Edinburgh, 11 June, 1793. Studied theol. at Edinb. ; held various livings; became chaplain of Stirling Castle in 1759; principal of the U. of Edinb. in 1762; and roy. historiographer of Scotland in 1764. Author of " History of Scotland," 1759; "History of Charles V.," 1769; " History of America," 2 vols. 4to, 1777 ; " Hist. Disquis. concerning the Knowl- edge which the Ancients had of India," 1791. He is generally accurate and impartial in the narration of events, and judicious in his esti- mate of character. Roberval, Jean FBANgois de la Roque, Sieurde, a nobleman of Picardy, and the lirat 774 to attempt to colonize New tier; d. 1547. He was a di „ had obtaiued the king's consent to govern and colonize Canada. He set out in 1542, and win- tered at St.idacona (Quebec). He led an un- successful exped. into the interior of the coun- try, losing 58 men at Quebec, and one ship, which was sunk. Instead of sending succor to him, the king ordered Cartier to bring hun home, as his valuable services were required in Picardy, where the war then existed. He pei^ formed 'several gallant exploits, but in 1647 sailed a second time for Canada with a large and valuable exped., but was wrecked on the passage, and all perished. Robeson, George Maxwell, sec. U.h. naTy;api. 25 June, 1869; b. N.J. 1824. N.J. Coll. 1847. Atty.-gen. N.J. 1866-9. Robie, Thomas, M.D., b. Boston, 20 Mar. 1689; d. 28 Aug. 1729. H.U.1708; tutor there 1714-23, and libraiian. He pub. " TheKnowl- France after Car- 1816; tutor there 1817. Married a dan. ol stinsr. soldier, and Kirkland the missionary, who died in IS Continuing his studies at Clii he Andoverto pub. the first 6 books of the " iliad," which he had edited ; studied Hebrew ; assisted Prof. Stuart in his literary labors ; and was app. an assist, instructor there. From 1 826 to 1830 he travelled and studied in Europe, wlmie he married Therese, dau. of Prof. Jakob ol Halle. He was prof, extraordinary of sacred literature, and librarian at Andovev in 1830-3; and from 1837 till his death was prof, of bibl. lit. in the Un. Theol. Sem. in N.V. City. In 1838 he visited Palestine, of which he, with Rev. EIi Smith, made a minute and careful survey. His "Biblical Reseaiehes in Palestine " were pub. in Halle, Lond., and Boston, in 1841. The re- sults of a second visit in 1852 were pub. in 1856, with a revision of his previous researches. Dur- ing the latter part of his life, he was engaged upon a physical and historical geography of the Holy Land. He visited Germany in the sum- ■^^^^'Z ^'^Z!^S^::: mer'of 1862 ..rsur^cal treatment of h. ey 1720-4. Conirib. to mags. Son. of Wn Dston. At first a preacher, afterward a phy- an act. •mn. . graph'cal. His other being threatened with loss of sight. He was id efficient member of the geo- iental, and ethnological societies. a translation of " Butt- ?^^mm:^:^§^s^mBi Rochai war America in 1781," &e., 8vo, , '• Voyages dans I'lnte'rieur de la Louisiane, &c., Paris, 3 vols. 8vo, 1807. Robinson, Col. Beverley, loyalist, b. Va. 1723; d.Thornbnry, Eng., 1792. Son of John, pres. of the council of Va. in 1734, and after- wards speaker of the house of burgesses. Was a major under Wolfe at the storming of Que- bec in 1759, and became very wealthy by his marriage with the dau. of Frederick Phillipse, the owner of an immense landed estate on the Hudson. Though ojjposed to the measures which led to the separation of the Colonies from the mother-country, he took sides with the loyalists when independence was declared. He removed to N. York, and raised the Loyal American Regt., of which he was col. He was concerned in the treason of Arnold ; and his country-mansion was the headquarters of the 18bb latter while arranging his nefarious project. At the conclusion of the war, he went to Eng- with a portion of his family. His son BEyEK- LEY (Col. Coll. 1773, and a lieut.-col. British army) settled near St. John, N.B., was a member of the council, and d. New York m lament," 18.36 and 1850; "The Har the Four Gosjjels," in Greek, 1845, and in Eng- lish 1846. From 1831 to 1834 he edited the Biblical Rffu.,i.„./. which, Nvl.-n united with the "Bibl,'>iln.„ .<„■:„:• he .MaM.slied and editedone v,ai luX. V,.rk. 11. ■ has aL,o edited Calmet's "'iSililira! l)i> t, ' aii.lu iianslation of Gesenius's " Hebrew Lexicon." In 1859 he pub. a Memoir of his father. Rev. \\ m. Robm- son with some account of his ancestors. — See his Life hi/ il. B. Smith, D.D., and R. D. Hitch- coclc,'D.IJ.,V2mo.\863. Robinson, Ezekiel Gilman,D.D., prof. Rochester Theol. Sem., b Attleboro', Ms., 1815. B.U. 1838. Editor Christ. Review 1859-64. Translator of Neander's " History of tlie Plant- ing of the Church," 8vo, 1865 ; he pub. Address on the Relation of the Church and the Bible, Allibone. , V ,r , Robinson, Fayette, author, b. Va. ; d. New York, March 26, 1859, from poison. Au- thor of " Mexico and her Military Chieftains," Phila. 1847; "Organization of the U.S. Ar- mv" 2 vols. 1848; and "California and its Gold Regions," N.Y. 1849; " Spanish Gram- This..miiywasone;i^h^i;;.e;rh;;e^s -^;;; wj^^^^^.s^/^'s-^: 1816. i ms lamuy was one U1.U....S.O. ...... — ' ^^3 TranslatedBrillat Savarin's" Phyi of Discoveries in the West," &c., 8vo, 1848 ; " Views of the Constitution of Va.," 8vo, 1850 ; " Practice in English and U.S. Cts.," 4 vo s. 8vo, 1860. One of the revisers of the Va. code, 1849, and a contrib. to Anier. Jurist, Law Mag., and So. Lit. Messenger. — Allibone. Robinson, Edward, D.D. (D.C. 1831, U. of Halle 1842), LL.D. (Y.C. 1844), bibli- cal scholar, b. Southington, Ct., Apr. 10, 1794; d. New York, Jan. 27, 1863. Ham. Coll. was attached to his father's (Loyal American) reo-t., and in Feb. 1777 received a commission as°ensign, being then but 14 years of age. At the capture of Stony Point, he was wounded and taken prisoner; was subsequently ex- changed; left the U.S.; served in the W.Indies, Spain, and lastly in Canada, passing through all the gradations of rank. He com. a brigade at the battle of Vittoria ; at the siege of St. Sebastian, where he was wounded; and at the 775 passage of the Nive. At the termination of the Peninsular war he went to Canada as com. in chief of the forces ; in the war of 1812-:o he had the com. of two bi-igades intended for the attack of the works at Plattsburg on Lake Champhiin, Sept. 1814; andfroin July 1, 1815, until 1816, was gov. of Upper Canada ; in 1815 he received the order of knighthood, and in 1838 was advanced to that of the grand cross ; he attained the full rank of gen. in 1841. Kobinson, Hor.vtio N., LL.D., author of mathematical text-books, b. Hartwick, N.Y., Jan. 1, 1806 ; d. Eibridge, N.Y., Jan. 19, 1867. He had an ordinary education, but at the age of 16 made the calculations for an almanac, which attracted the attention of a wealthy gentleman in the vicinity, who sent him to N. J. Coll. App. a prof, of mathematics in the navy at 19, he filled that post for 10 years ac- ceptably. He took charge of an acad. at Ca- nandaigua in 1835, and afterward of one at Genesee. Impaired health led him to remove in 1844 to Cincinnati, where he produced his " University Algebra," — a work of much ori- ginality, the great success of which encouraged him to prepare several other works. He re- moved to Syracuse, N.Y., in 1850, and in 1854 to Eibridge. Some of the best practical talent of the country was employed to assist him in comjjleting his series by adding a full course of elementary text-books, numbering 22. The merit of these text-books is attested by their very large and increasing circulation, and the testimony of the best educators of the country. His latest work, " Differential and Integral Calculus," 1861, was in 1868 edited by I. F. Quinby. — .4///An, whose intention it was to loi; . ,, iiiainder, d. before the con- sent oi ill ,1 -.io.iiion of English merchants who coutroUrd th'j enterprise could be obtained. The rest of his church emig. soon after his death. His son Isaac came here as early as 1630. A complete ed. of his writings was pub. at Boston in 1851, in 3 vols., with Memoir and Annota- tions by Robert Ashton. — See Geneal. lierj., April, 1866. Kobinson, Sir John Beveklet, bart. (created 1854), D.C.L., b. Berthier, L.C., July 26, 1791 ; d. Toronto, 30 Jan. 1863. Christo- pher his father, a British officer who served in the Revol. war, afterward resided in N.B. John was adra. to tho bar; was clerk of the Assembly one year; atty .-gen. at the age of 21 ; solicitor- gen. 1815-18; again atty .-gen. 1818-29; chief justice of Upper Canada from July 15, 1829, to his d. ; 18 years a member of the" legisl. A vol. under Gen. Brock at the capture of De- troit. Author of some valuable works on Can- ada. Chancellor of Trinity College, Toronto. — Morqan. Robinson, John Cleveland, brev. mnj.- gen. U.S.A., b. Binghamton, N.Y., April 10, 1817. Entering the Military Acad, in 1835, he left it in 1838 to study law; but in 1839 was made lieut. 5th Inf. During the Mexican war he was (listing, at Monterey, and made 1st li' ut. June, 1846; capt. Aug. 1 850 ; maj. 2d Inf. Feb. 20, 1862; col. 43d Inf. July 28, 1866. He served against the Indians of Fla. and Utah. At the beginning of the civil war he com. at Fort McHenry, Baltimore; app. col. 1st Mich. Vols., he became brig.-gen. Apr. 28, 1862; took com. of the 1st brigade of Kearney's division in the coi-ps of Heintzelman, and was disting. in the battles before Richmond, especially those on June 30 and Jidy 1, 1862 ; also at the sec- ond Bull Run, Chantilly, and Fredericksburg; com. div. and engaged at the second Freder- icksburg, Chancellors\'iUe, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Mitchell's Station, battles of the Wilder- ness, Spottsylvania C. H., and Todd's Tavern, where he lost a leg ; brev. maj.-gen. vols ; brev. lieut.-col. U.S.A. for Gettysburg; brev. col. for the Wilderness ; brev. brig.-gen for Spottsylv. ; and brev. maj.-gen. for gallant and merit, ser- vices during the war. Retired as a maj.-gen. May 6, 1869. Robinson, John STANiroRD,gov. of Vt. 185.3-4, b. Bennington, Vt., Nov. 10, 1804; d. Charieston, S.C, Apr. 25, 1860. Wins. Coll. 1824. He settled as a l;nvyer in his native town, and rose to eminence in the profession. Was many years in the legisl. of Vt., and was a deleg. to the Charleston Democ. Convention. Robinson, Jonathan, chief justice of Vt. 1801-7; U.S. senator 1807-15; bro. of Gov. Moses ; d. Bennington, Vt., 3 Nov. 1819, a. 64. Robinson, Matthew, Lord Rokebv, b. near Hythe, Kent Co., 1713; d. Nov. 30, 1800. Son of Matthew, and received his education at Westminster and Cambridge. M.P. for Can- terbury in 1747, and again in 1754, conducting himself with singular integrity and independ- ence. During the Amer. wax he remonstrated vrith peculiar energy against the ROB 776 ROC taken against the colonists. lie foresaw the evil consequences which must proceed from coercion, and he reprobated taxation without representation. By the death of his uncle, the Archliishop of Armagh, in Oct. 1794, he ac- quired the title of Lord Rokcby. His eccen- tricity was such as to excite much curiosity, lie wore his beard reaching neai-ly to the niid- of his body ; his manners, and habits of life, approached to primitive simplicity. He was disting. for his ardent love of freedom; was inimical to measures which in his opinion en- croached on the liberties of mankind, and ceased not to lift up his voice against every species of oppression. Author of " Considerations on the Measures with respect to the British Colonies," 1774; "Consider.itions," &c., 1775; "Further Examination of American Measures," 1776 ; " Peace the Best Policy," 1777. Robinson, Merritt M., legist ; d. La. 5 June, IS.'iO. Reporter of the Supreme Court of La., he prepared for the press 16 volumes of Reports, accompanied by marginal notes ; also " Digest of the Penal Laws of La.," 8vo, 1841. Robinson, Moses, statesman, b. Hard- wick, Ms., Mar. 26, 1741 ; d. Bennington, Vt., May 26, 1813. A.M. of Y.C. 1789. Hisfiuher Capt. Saml. was one of the first settlers of Vt. Bro. of Judge Jonathan. Chief justice of Vt. Oct. 1778; gov. 1789-90; U.S. senator 1791- 6. He was an opponent of Jay's Treaty. Robinson, Solon, b. near Tolland, Ct., 180.3. Has contrib. largely to agric. journals, to the N.Y. Tribune, and to periodicals. He has pub. " Hot Corn, Life-Scenes in N. Y.," 1853; "How to Live," 1860; " Facts for Farm- ers," &c., 8vo, 1864; " Mc-won-i-toe," 1867. — Bumjiiii's Offhand Takimjs. A Robinson, Stu.art, D. D., pastor 2d ^ Presb. Ch., Louisville, Ky. Has been prof of /' theology at Danville Sera., Ky. Has published t^ ffeA~ " The Church of God," &e.,12mo, 1858; "Dis- /' courses of Redemption," &c., 8vo, 1866. - r / Robinson, TnEKtsE Albertise Louise (Vox Jacob), authoress, known under the name of " Talvi" (her initials), b. Halle, Ger- many, Jan. 26, 1797; d. Hamburg, April 13, "1869". In 1807 she accomp. her father to Rus- sia, where he became prof in the U. of Khar- kov. Here she studied the Slavic language, and wrote her first poems. She afterward stud- , led at St. Petersburg ; returned to Halle in 1816, and studied Latin. A few of her tales, under the title of " Psyche," appeared at Halle in 1825. In 1822 she translated Scott's " Old Mortality" and "The Black Dwarf." She translated, from the Servian, poems under the title of " VdksUeder der Serben," 2 vols. 1 825-6 ; in 1828 she m. Prof Ed. Robinson, and in 1830 came with him to America. She translated into German Pickering's work on " The Indian Tongues of N.A.," Leipsic, 1834 ; in 1834 she wrote for the Biblical Repository " An Historical View of the Slavic Languages," repub. in 1 850 by itself She visited Germany in 1837-40, and pub. there " An Essay on the Historical Characteristics of the Popular Songs of the Germanic Nations," &c., 1840; also a small work entitled " The Poems of Ossian not Genuine." She afterward pub. " A History )M of Captain John Smith " in German ; " The Colonization of New Eng.," 1847; " He'loise, or the Unrevealed Secret," 1850; " Liie's Dis- cipline, a Tale of the Annals of Hungary," 1851 ; and " The Exiles," 1853, afterward pub. as " Woodhill ; " and she contrib. to various American and German periodicals. After the death of her husband, in 1863, she returned to Germany. Rochambeau (ro'-shon'-bo), Jean Bap- TiSTE DosATiEN ViMEUR, Couut de, marshal of France, b. Vendome, 1 July, 1725; d. 10 May, 1807. Entering the army at 16, ho served under Broglie; became in 1745 aide to Louis Philip, Duke of Orle'ans ; afterward com. the regiment La Manche, and was disting. and wounded at Lafeldt. He attained fresh laurels at Crevelt, Minden, Corbach, and Clostereamp. Made lieut.-gen. in 1780, and sent with a corps of 6,000 men to the assistance of the Americans, he disembarked at R.I. in July, 1780; acted in concert with Washington, first against Clinton in N.Y., and then against Cornwallis, render- ing important services at thesiege of Yorktown, and receiving the surrender of the British army 19 Oct. 1781. Rochambeau was presented with the captured cannon. He received the decoration of the Saint-Esprit in 1783; was made a marshal in 1791 ; and early in 1792 com. the Army of the North. He narrowly escaped the guillotine during the Reign of Ter- ror. In 1804 Bonaparte gave him a pension and the cross of grand officer of the Legion of Honor. His " Memoirs " were pub. 2 vols. 8vo, 1809, and translated by M. W. E. Wright, Paris, fivo, 1838. His son Joseph Marie, Vicorate de, aide-de-camp to his father in the American Revol., and col. Regt. Auxonne, served in the W. Indies, Italy, St. Domingo, &c. ; became a gen. ; and was killed at the bat- tle of Leipsic 18 Oct. 1813, a. 63. Rochefoucauld Liancourt (rosh'-foo'- ko'le'-on-koor'), Francois Alexandre Fred., Duke de la, b. 14 Jan. 1747 ; d. Paris 27 Mar. 1829. Grand-master of the wardrobe to Louis XV. and XVI. ; dep. to the States-Gen., and the advocate of just and necessary reforms ; pres. of the national assembly after the taking of the Bastille in July, 1789; member of the constituent assembly; military com at Rouen in 1792. After the 10th of August he left France, resided in Eng., and travelled through the U.S., but returned to France after the 18th Brumaire, devoting himself to the prosecution of the useful arts and to benevolent offices. He was 23 years insp.-gen. of the School of Arts and Trades at Chalons. He established ential in introducing vaccination there. Created a peer after the restoration in 1815. Author of " Voyage dans les jStats-Unis" (1795-7), 8 vols. iSmo ; and " Account of the Prisons of Phila.," 8vo, 1796. His Life by his son was pub. in 1827. Rockingham, Charles Watson Went- WORTH, marquis, statesman, b. May 13, 1730; d. 1 July, 1782. He succeeded to the title in 1750; entered the house of peers in 1751; re- signed his offices in 1763 ; was app. first lord of the treasury in July, 1765 ; resigned 1 Aug. 1766. When the Lord North ministry sue- 777 ROD cumbed, he again took the chief direction of affairs in March, 1782, but died shortly after. During the Stamp-act discussions in 1765, be took the middle course, of repealing the act, and declaring the right to tax the Colonies. Dur- ing North's administration, he was the leader of the aristocratic party of the opposition in the House of Lords. Bockwell, J. Edson, D.D., b. Salisbury, Vt., 1816. Amh. Coll. 1837. Has published " Sketches of the Presbyterian Church," 1834 ; "Young Christian Warned," 1857; "Scenes and Impressions Abroad," 1859 ; " My Sheet- Anchor," 1864; also sermons, addresses, and reports; edited Salibath-schoot FiS(/oi- 1 852-60 ; and contributed to periodicals. — Allibone. Rockwell, James Otis, poet and editor, b. Lebanon, C't., 1807; d. Providence, R.I., in the summer of 1831. At an early age he was an operative in a cotton-factory at Paterson, N.J. ; at 14 be was apprenticed to a printer at Utica ; four years later he came to Boston ; became assistant editor of the Statesman ; and in 1829 took the editorial charge of the Provi- dence Patriot. His pieces are scattered through his own and other periodicals, having never been collected. — See Everest's Poets of Ct. Rockwell, John Arnold, jurist, b. Nor- wich, Ct., Aug. 27, 1803; d. Washington, D. C, Feb. 10, 1861. Y. C. 1822. He prac- tised law in Norwich ; was a member of the State senate in 1838-9 ; soon after became judge of the New-London County Court ; M.C. 1847-51, and chairman of the committee on claims. The Court of Claims at Washing- ton owes its establishment chiefly to him, and his principal labors were in that court. He pub. two volumes on " The Mexican Law of Mines and Real Estate," 1851-2, which are now standard authorities. Rockwell, JnLics, senator and jurist, b. Colebrook, Ct., Apr. 26, 1805. Y.C. 1826. He studied law at the New-Haven Law School ; Was adm. to the Litchfield Co. bar in 1829, commencing practice in 1 830 at Pittsfield, Ms. He was in the legisl. of Ms. in 1 834-8; was speaker for 1835 and 1838 ; bank corainiss. in 1838-41 ; M.C. in 1847-51; and U.S. senator for two sessions, to succeed Mr. Everett ; in 1853 he was a member of the State Const. Conv. ; in 1858 was again a State represen- tative ; judge of the Superior Court of Ms. 1859-71. Rodgers, C. R. P., commo. U. S. N., b. N.Y.Nov. 14,1818. Midshipm. Oct. 5, 1833; licut. Sept. 4, 1844 ; com. Oct. 18, 1861 ; capt. July 25, 1866 ; commo. 1870. Present at the capture of Vera Cruz and of Tabasco ; at- tached to coast-survey 1850 and 1856-8 ; com. of midshipm. Naval Acad 1859-61 ; com. tteam-frigate " Wabash," flagship, So. Atl. squad., 1861-2 ; at battle of Port Royal, Nov. 1861; at Fort Pulaski, in com. of naval bat- tery, Jan. 27, 1862 ; com. division of gunboats in exped. to St. Augustine and up the St. Mary's River in Mar. 1862; fleet-capt. S.A. block, squad. 1863 ; com. steamer" Iroquois," 1864-5; com. frigate " Franklin," European squad., 1869 ; chief of bureau of docks and yards, 1 Oct. 1871. — //nmers/y. Rodgers, Capt. Geokge W., U.S.N., b. Md. 1787; d. Buenos Ayres, May 21, 1832. His father was col. of a Md. rcgt.'during the Revol. war; and his bro. w.is Com. John Rodgers. Midshipm. Apr. 1804; licut. Apr. 24, 1810; master com. Apr. 27, 1816; and post-capt. Mar. 1, 1825 ; first licut. of " The Wasp" in the action with " The Frolic," Oct. 18, 1812. For his gallantry in the war of 1812 he received a sword of honor from bis native State, and agold medal from Congress, .iccomp. by a vote of thanks. In 1832 he com. the squadron on the coast of Brazil, having also a diplomatic mission to that govt. His wife Anna Maria, sister to Com. Perry, d. New London, Ct., Dec. 7, 1858, a. 60. Three sons fought bravely in the Mexican war, — Lieut. A. P. Rodgers, who fell at Chapultepec; Capt. Raymond Rodgers, U.S.N., fleet-capt. during Dupont's capture of Port Royal and attack on Charleston ; and Capt. George W., who was killed while commanding the monitor " Cats- kill " in an attack on Fort Wagner, Morris Island, Aug. 20,1863. Rodgers, John, D.D. (U. of Edicib. 1768), Presb. divine, b. Boston, Ms., Aug. 5, 1727; d. N.Y. City, May 7, 1811. In 1728 his parents removed to Phila., where he re- ceived a classical education. He was impressed with religious truth by the preaching of White- field ; in Oct. 1747 was licensed to preach, and, after having been a missionary in Va. and Md., was settled in St. George's, Del., Mar. 19, 1749, where he continued his popular and useful labors until July, 1765; he then removed to N.Y., and was pastor of the Wall-st. (Presb.) Church until the close of his life. Leaving N.Y. in Feb. 1776, he became chaplain of Heath's brigade in April ; then chaplain of the State convention, thenof the council of safety, and of the first legisl. until Oct. 1777 ; and till the end of the war he preached at Amenia, N.Y., D.-inbury, Ct., and Lamington, N.J. His Memoirs were written by Dr. Samuel Miller. He pub. sermons and some fugitive pieces. — Sjirof/ue. Rodgers, John, commo. U. S. N., b. Har- ford Co., Md., 1771 ; d. Phila. Aug. 1, 1838. Entering the navy as a lieut. Mar. 9, 1798, he was the executive officer of the frigate " Con- stellation," Com. Truxton, when she captured the French frigate " L'Insurgente " off Nevis, Feb. 9, 1799, and took possession of the prize. Made a capt. Mar. 5, 1799, he cruised in " The Marvland " (20) upon the W. I. station; in 1802' he com. " The John Adams " (28), with which and "The Enterprise" (12) he success- fully attacked, in June, 1803, a Tripolitan cruiser of 22 guns, and several gunboats at anchor near Tripoli; in 1804 be com. "The Congress " (38) in the squadron employed against Tripoli under Com. Barron, whom in 1805 he succeeded in the com. After the peace with Tripoli, he proceeded with his squadron to Tunis, where he engaged in negotiations which resulted in the establishment of friendly relations. In the spring of 1811, in "The President" (44), off Annapolis, he beard that a seanum had been impressed off Sandy Hook by an English frigate; sailing for that point without delay, May 16 he bailed, about 8^, p.m., a vessel of war, biit received no answer. After a little delay, tlie stranger hailed, which she fol- lowed up with a shot, which entered " The Pieiident s. " mainmast Afterashoit engage- Slll| I TllL ot tills irtui the hring ot breach whitli nations Jui an Con ■ h„hl Com Rod,^Lis btinf ntisL [ucnt ciuise he i killm^' 1. .m N \ in wliile chising " undm r theButish picl^ct SnalloH with a lii„c iniouiit of spccit, and the schoonei ' Hic,hflj er , ' i]ip June 14 to the new frigate " Gueriiere," he rendered important service in the defence of Baltimore ; from April, 1815, to Dec. 1824, he served as pres. of the board of navy commissioners ; acting sec. navy, Sept. to Dec. 182.3; and in 1824-7 in com. of the Mediterranean squadron. On liis return he was again on the board of navy c^nlllli^^i■l^l is, which he relinquished in 1837. l; -\ani. John- Kodgers, U.S.N., is his son. AiHiilur vi.ii, i;(inERT, was col. 3cl Md., Potoiiia.' inf. ; di,l ^.i,,d service during the civil war, and was twice sevenlv wuiiiil.d. Rodgers, John, rcai-;h!iii I'S X.,1,, M.l. Aug. 8, 1811. Son oCCi.iii. .lolii., US.X. Midship. Apr. 18, 1828 ; limt, Jan. 2^, l.s4ii ; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. June 17, 1863; rearadm. Dec. 31, 1869. Com. steamer " John Hancock," and surv. and expl. exped. to N. Pacihc and China Seas 1853-6; in 1862 superintended at the West the construction of ironclads ; May 10, 1862, com. an exped. of gunboats in the James River ; and in " The Galena " attacked Fort Darling, May 15. June 1 7, 1 863, in War- saw Sound, Capt. Rodgers, in the monitor " Weehawken," encountered and captured the powerful rebel ironclad " Atlanta "in 15 min- utes ; in the monitor " Monadnoc," 1866-7, made the passage around the Horn to San Francisco ; commanded Asiatic fleet ; and in August, 1871, captured the Corean forts. — Hamershj. Rodman, Gen. Isaac Peace, b. South Kingstown, R.I., Aug. 28, 1822; d. Sept. 29, 1862, from wounds at the battle of Antietam. Educated to mercantile pursuits, he engaged in manuf.; was some years col. of a militia regt., and in 1861 a member of the State senate. He resigned his scat to raise a company of vols., and, as capt. 2d R.I. Regt., participated in the battle of Bull Run. Becoming col. 4th R.I. Vols., he was at the taking of Roanoke Island. For gallantry at the battle of Newbern, Mar. 14, 1860, where he took the enemy's works at the point of the bayonet, he was made brig.- gen. Apr. 28, 1862. His regt. also participated in the investment and reduction of Fort Macon. In the battle of Antietam, while leading his brigade to a charge upon the enemy's guns, he was mortally wounded by a cannon-ball in the pcopi terrible conflict by which the stone bridge was carried and held. Rodney, C.s:sar, signer of the Decl of Indep, b Dover, Del, ab 1730, d tally in 1783 His fither William came over with Penn, and, alter a short residence in Phih , settled in Kent Co , Del , leaving to his eldest son a laigc hndcd estUe At the a„'C ot 28 Csesar was ipp hi^h h iiff i 1 it the end ot his term ot ^cni \ i 1 i justice of the peice and \ ju I I ti I i eourts. As lulv 1 rC I 1 I r til lunty in th 1 1 I 1 I in 1-1 ) h( « IS stnt to ll s u ^ \ in 1769 he " 1 t the liousi, continuing t I t rstvei ilyeiis wasapp. till nil 111 t till. in ot corresp with the other tcljni s and in 1774 was a delegxte to the Gtii ( ni„ri.ss , in the following ) car he wis reeleetel md also made a bug gen When the question of independence was before Con- gress, Rodney was on a tour through the south- ern part of Del., quieting the minds of the pic, and pniiaring them tor a change of I :i_iii-s McKean and Read being iliv; I i|ncstion, the former, who km i '. noiable to the declaration, um^i niiii \r, r,|iiiss to hastcii lils rctum. He did so, and In great exertion arrived just in season tor the final discussion ; and, by his affirmative vote, he secured that union among the Colonies, so important to the cause of in- di |i(iiiIriiLc. The opposition of the royalists, wh.i iliiMiiided in the lower counties, prevented Ills IV rkition the succeeding year; but, as a iiiemljcr of the councils of safety and inspec- tion, he displayed great activity in collecting supplies for the troops of the State then with Washington in N.J. He repaired in person to the camp near Princeton in 1777, where for nearly two months he was engaged in laborious services, and, commanding the Del. line, was brig.-gen. In the autumn of the same year he was again chosen to Congress, but, before tak- ing his seat, was chosen pres. of his Suite, in which station he remained 4 years (1778-82). His nephew C^sar A. (M.C. 1803-5 and 1819-21, U.S. atty.-gen. 1807-11, U.S. senator 1821-3, minister to Buenos Ayies 1823, until his death, June 10, 1824) pub. with J. Graham " Reports on the Present State of the United Provinces of S. America," Lond. 8vo, 1819. Rodney, Daniel, M.C. from Del. 1822-3 ; U.S. senator 1826-7; gov. of Del. 1814-17; d. 2 Sept. 1846, a. 75. Roe, AzEL Stevens, novelist, b. N.Y. City, 1798. With an academic education he became a merchant's clerk in N.Y. ; was afterward a wine-merchant, and, on retiring from business, settled at Windsor, Ct. Having lost most of his property by the failure of persons for whom he had freely indorsed, he applied himself to literature with success. He has written " James Montjoy, or I've been Thinking," 1850; "To Love, and to be Loved," 1852; "Time and Tide, or Strive and Win," 1852; "A Long Look Ahead," 1855; "The Star and the Cloud," 1856; "True to the Last," 1859; "How Could He Help It?" 1860; "Like and Unlike," 1861; "Looking Around," 1866; KOE ROGr " The Cloud on the Heart," 1869 ; " Woman our Ansel," 1866. Koebling, John A., engineer, b. Prussia, 1806, and educated as a civil enf;ineer. In 1827-31 lie was an assist, constructor of mili- tary roads. Emig. to the U.S. in 18.31, he was employed on various works in 0. and Pa., and in 1842 began the raanuf. of wire-ropes, first used on the Alleghany Portage Road, and now in general use. In 1850 he erected extensive works near Trenton, N.J., where 2,000 tons of wire-rope are annually made; in 1844 he built the wire suspension aqueduct over the Alleghany River at Pittsburg; in 1852-5 he built the Niagara Suspension Bridge ; and in 1856-67 the Cincinnati Suspension Bridge over the Ohio River, said to be the largest in the world; in 1858-60 he built the fine wire suspension bridge over the Alleghany River at Pittsburg. Rogers, Henbt Dakwin, LL.D., F.R.S., geologist, bro. of James B., b. Phila. 1809; d. Glasgow, Scotland, May 28, 1866. Became prof, of physical sciences in Dick. Coll. in 1831, and afterward prof, of geology in the U. of Pa., which office he long held. In 1 835 he pnb. a report and geolog. map of N. J., and a final Report, 8vo, 1840. In 1836-56 he was occupied in the survey of Pa. ; pub. several annual reports, the final one in 2 vols. 4to, 1858. In 1857 he became regius prof of geol. and nat. history in the U. of Glasgow, having for some years previously resided in Boston. He contrib. many important papers on geol. and other scientific subjects to the " Transac- tions " of scientific associations, to the Journal of Science, and to the Edinburgh New Philos. Journal, of wliich he is one of the editors. Author of a geological map of the U.S., and a chart of the arctic regions in the " Physi- cal Atlas ; " and, in conjunction with W. and A. K. Johnston of Edinburgh, pub. a geologi- cal atlas of the U.S., 1861. Rogers, Henry J., electric teleg. engineer, and inventor of the marine signals, b. Balti- more, Md., 1811. Has pub. "Teleg. Diet, and Seaman's Signal-Book," 8vo, 1845; " Sema- phoric Signal-Book," 1847 ; " Code of Marine Signals," 1854. With W. F. Larkins edited " Rogers's Commercial Code of Signals for All Nations," Svo, 1859. — Allibone. Rogers, James Bltthe, M.D. (U. of Md. 1822), chemist and physician, eldestson of Dr. P. K. Rogers, b. Phila. Feb. 22, 1803; d. there June 15, 1852. Prof, of chemistry in Washington Med. Coll., Baltimore; then in that of Cincinnati ; then in the Frankhn School of Phila. ; and in 1847-52 filled the chair of chemistry in the U. of Phila. For several years he assisted in the chemical and geol. surveys of Va. and Pa. He pub. some valuable papers in the scientific journals, and was one of the editors of the last Amer. re- print of Turner's " Chemistry." Rogers, John, pres. of H. U. April 10, 1682, to his d. July 2, 1684; b. Coggeshall, Eng., Jan. 1631. H.U. 1649. SonofRev.N.v thaniel of Ipswich, and assisted in his pulpit, but afterward studied and practised physic. Rogers, John, chancellor, member Old Cong. 1775-6; d. Annapolis, Md., Oct. 1789. _ John, sculptor, b. Salem, Ms., 30 Oct. 1829. He left school at 16; was two years in a dry-goods jobbing-house in Bos- ton, and aftenvard took a trip to Spain. He then learned the trade of a machiinst ; made sketches in clay, and, after a brief risit to Europe in 1 858-9, engaged as a draughtsman in a surveyor's office in Cliicago. Here he modelled his " Slave-Auction," which he took to New York in Dec. 1859, where his "Picket- Guard," and other war-subjects, soon brought him both fame and money. He has admirably modelled small groups illustrating familiar sub- jects of daily life, and episodes of the camp and battle-field, and has a studio in New \ork. Among his best efforts are " The Returned Volunteer," " Sharpshooters," "Town Pump," " Union Refugees, " The Country Postmas- ter," "The Wounded Scout," and "The Home-Guard." Rogers, Nathaniel, minister of Ipswich from Feb. 20, 1639, to his d. July 3, 1655; b. Haverhill, Eng., 1598. Educated at Emanuel Coll., Camb. Son of Rev. John. He is often erroneously called a grandson of John the martyr. He preached at Bocking in Essex, and next at Assington, Suffolk. Persecution drove him to N.E., where he arrived Nov. 16, 1636. Memberof the synod of 1637. He pub. "Cause of God's Wrath against the Nation," 1644; and left in MS. a Latin Vindication of Cong. Church Govt. — A^. E. Hist, and Gen. Reg., V. 122. Rogers, Nathaniel Peaeody, b. Plym- outh, N.H., 3 Jime, 1794; d. Concord, N.H., 16 Oct. 1846. D.C. 1816. He studied and practised law, which he left in 1 838 for the edi- torship of the antislavery Herald of Freedom. He wrote under the signature of •' The Old aian of the Mountain " for the N. Y. Tribune. A vol. of his fugitive pieces was pub. Concord, 1847. Rogers, Randolph, sculptor, b. Va. Studied and practised a few years at Rome ; became known in New York by his " Nydia," " Boy and Dog," " Angel of the Resurrection," and, returning to Rome after his marriage, ex- ecuted a marble statue of John Adams (now at Mt. Auburn Cemetery), some good busts, and attractive ideal figures. His bass-reliefs for the doors of the new Capitol extension at Wash- ington represent events in the life of Columbus. He has furnished designs for the Washington Monument at Richmond ; and he has lately been employed upon memoiial monuments for R.I. and Michigan. Among his smaller works, " Ruth " and " Isaac " are favorites^ His last work, a colossal bronze statue of Lincoln, was unveiled at Phila. 22 Sept. 1871. Rogers, Major Robert, a famous par- tisan of the French war, b. Dunbarton, N.H., ab. 1730; d. Eng. ah. 1800. The son of an early Ksh settler of D. Ho com. during the French war (1755-63) Rogers's Rangers, — a corps renowned for their exploits. March 13, 1758, with 170 men, he foueht 100 French and 600 Indians ; after losing 100, and killing 150, he retreated. In 1759 he was sent by Amherst from Crown Point to destroy the Indian village of St. Francis; which service' he performed : 200 Indians were killed. In 1760 he was ordered ROG- 780 by Amherst to take possession of Detroit and other Western posts ceded liy tin' I'n n, li, wliieh he aecomplished. He next Ni-iird Iji^hiiid, where he suft'ered from want, luiiil iir l.mrowed the means to print his journul, and present it to the king, who in 1765 app. him gov. of Micliili- macinac. Accused of plotting to plunder the fort, and join the French, he was sent in Irons to Montreal, and tried by a court-martial. In 1769 he went to Eng.,was presented to the king, but soon afterward was imprisoned for debt. He afterward, according to his account to Dr. Wheelock at Dartmouth, " fought 2 battles in Algiers under the dey." At the opening of the Revol., his course was such, that he was close- ly watched ; and in 1775, Congress, whose pris- oner he then was, released him on parole. Sus- pected by Washington of Ih iim a s|iy, hi' was secured in June, 1776, but, on lirin.^ r.lrasedby Congress soon after, openly joincl iIji' royal side, and, notwithstanding liis parole ol liunur, accepted the commission of colonel, and raised the "Queen's Rangers," — a corps celebrated throughout the contest. Oct. 21, 1776, he nar- rowly escaped being taken prisoner at Maraaro- neck by a party sent out by Lord Stirling, and soon after went to Eng. He pub. a concise ac- count of N.A., Lond. 1765; "Journals of the French War," 1765, repub. at Concord, 12mo, 1 83 1 , and entitled ' ' Reminiscences of the French War," with the Life of Stark ; and in 1766 the tragedy of " Ponteach." His Diary of the Siege of Detroit, &c., was published by F. B. Hough, 1860. Rogers, Robert Empie, M.D. (U. of Pa.), chemist and physician, bro. of James B., b. Baltimore 1814. On graduating, his ex- perimental essay on Endosmose was pub. by request of the faculty. In 1844-52 he was prof. of chemistry in the U. of Va. ; then succeeded his bro. in this chair in the U. of Pa. He as- Bisted in the geol. surveys of Va. and Pa. Be- side contribs. on chemical subjects to scientific journals, he was assoc. with his bro. in the edit- ing of Turner's " Chemistry," and has since ed- ited the reprint of Lehmann's " Physiological Chemistry." Several years dean of the med. faculty of the U. of Pa." Rogers, Gen. Thomas J., author of bio- graphical dictionaries of Revol. worthies, 1st ed. 12mo, 181.3, 4th ed. 1829; M. C. from Pa. 1818-24; b. Waterford, Ireland, 1781; came to America in 1784 ; d. N.Y. City, Dec. 7, 1632. Edited a political paper. Rogers, William, D.D., Baptist clergy- man, b. Newport, R. I., 22 July; 1751; d. Phila. 31 Mar. 1824. R.L Coll. 1769. Ord. in May, 1771, over the First Church, Phila. ; chaplain in the Pa. line of the Revol. army in 1776-81 ; prof, of Mks-tettres in Phila. Coll. in 1789-92, and in the U. of Pa. in 1792-1812; was " stated supply " of the 1st Bapt. Church, Phila., in 1803-5, and member of the gen. as- sembly in 1816-17; an officer and an active manager of the Gradual-abolition Societies of Pa. and Md., of the Prison Soc. of Phila., &c. He pub. sermons, addresses, prayers on special occasions, a circular letter on Justification (1785), and one on Christian Missions. Rogers, William B.\rton, physicist and geologist, brother of James B. and R. E., b. PhUa. 1805. A. M._ of H. U. 18G6. He first Iccmred on science in the Md. Inst, in 1 827 ; and in 1829 succeeded his father, Dr. P. K. Rogers, in the chair of nat. pliil. and chemistry in Wm. and Mary Coll.; in 1835-53 he was prof, of nat. philos. and geology in the U. of Va., but has since resided in Boston. He or- ganized the geol. survey of the State of Va. in 1 835, remaining at its head till 1 842, publishing 6 vols of reports. Author of a short treatise on the " Strength of Materials," 1838; of "Ele- ments of Mechanical Philosophy," 1852 ; and of numerous papers in the philos. and .sci. jour- nals of Great Britain and America ; a zealous promoter of scientific education among the in- dustrial classes. In the beginning of 1862 he delivered a course of lectures before the Lowell Institute, Boston, on the Application of Science to the Arts ; and in April of that year was chosen pres. of the new Institute of Technolo- gy at Boston, which he was instrumental in organizing ; and resigned in 1 868 in ill health. Rogers, Capt. Woodes, an English navi- gator and buccaneer. Com. an exped. against the Spaniards in the South Sea ab. 1709 ; d. 1732. Rolle, Dennis, b. Devonshire, Eng. ; d. 1797. He traced his descent from Rollo, first duke of Normandy. In 1766 he purchased a whole district in Fla., whither he proceeded with 1,000 persons to people his new posses- sions; but, through the unhealthiness of the climate and the desertion of those who escaped disease, he soon found himself without colo- nists and without money, and was compelled to work his passage back to Eng. in an Ameri- can vessel. He then settled on his paternal es- tate ; had a seat in the house of commons, and filled the office of sheriff for the county ; he de- voted much of his time to the improvement of the condition of the lower classes. Rolph, John A., artist and landscape-en- graver, b. Essex, Eng., 1799; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., 30 Mar. 1862. He came to the U.S. in 1833, and resided chiefly in New York. Uncle of Edward Miall, M.P., and father of Mrs. Clara M. Brinckerhoff the singer. In " Wilkes's Explor. Exped.," some fine specimens of hia talent may be found. Rolphe, John, M.D., an eminent Cana- dian physician, b. Eng. 1786; d. Toronto, 19 Oct. 1870. Emig. to Canada at an early age. He took an active part in the insurrection of 1837, and, being obliged to fly, lived in Russia some years, and also in the U.S. Returning to Canada after the amnesty, he practised law and medicine ; was a member of the Canadian par- liament ; and founded the People's School of Medicine, now the med. dept. of Victoria Coll. Roman, Andre Bienvenu, gov. of La. 1830-t and '38-41, b. St. Laudry Parish, La., 1795 ; d. St. James Parish, La., Jan. 29, 1866. His ancestors were from Provence. In 1818 he was chosen to the legisl. ; was frequently re- elected ; was 4 v.arsspcakrr; jud-e of St. James Parish in I>-.'r,-'<: ai^aln ni.'inl.er and speaker of thr 1, oil., ■ isii-^-oii; nn n.lur of the convention whii li |ia^~iil the onlinanre of se- cession, which ho opposed. With John Forsyth and Martin J. Crawford, he was app. by the Confed. provis.govt. to confer with the govt, of ROM: 781 ROO the U.S. at Washington. He took no further part in public affairs. Romans, Bernard, engineer, b. Holland; d. ab. 1784. In early life he removed to Eng., where he studied eng., and was employed by the British govt, in America some time before the Revol. Subsequently, vphile in its employ as a botanist in N.Y., and engaged in the publication of a "Natural History of Florida," he was olVered a position as military engr. by the N.Y. com. of safety. In this capacity he submitted to Congress (Sept. 18, 1775) plans for_ fortifying the Highlands opposite West Point. Col. Romans remained in service (capt. Pa. Art. Feb. 8, 1776) until near the close of the war, when he was captured at sea by the British, en route from New Iiondon to Charles- ton. He was taken to Eng., and in 1784 em- barked for America, but is supposed to have been murdered on the passage. He pub. in 2 vols., 1778-82, "Annals of the Troubles in the Netherlands from the Accession of Charles v.," vol. i. dedicated to Gov. Trumbull; "Map of the Seat of Ci^-il War in America," 1775; " Compleat Pilot for the Gulf Passage," &c., 8vo,1779. Komayne, Nicholas, M.D., b. Hacken- sack, N. J., Sept. 1756; d. N.Y. City, July 21, 1817. He studied under Dr. Peter Wilson, and completed his med. education at Edinburgh ; pub. a dissertation "De Generatlone Puris." He spent 2 years in Paris, and also visited Leyden, returning ab. 1 782 to N. York, where he com- menced his professional career. He gave pri- vate lectures on anatomy, and taught many pro- fessional branches with great success, but relin- quished this pursuit, and again visited Europe. Hanng embarked in the scheme of Blount's conspiracy, he was for a time incarcerated. He was first pres. of the N.Y. Medical Society in July, 1806, and in 1807 was made first pres. of the Coll. of Phys. and Surgs., which he had been active in founding. He gave instruction in that institution in anatomy and the insti- tutes of medicine. Eomeyn, John Brodhead, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1809), Presb. clergyman, b. Marbletown, N.Y., 8 Nov. 1778 ; d. Feb. 22, 1825. Sou of Kev. Theodoric R. Columb. Coll. 1795. Li- censed to preach in 1798; was from 1799 to 1800 pastor of the D. Ref. church at Rhine- beck ; was transferred to the church in Sche- nectady ; was 4 years pastor of the Presb. cb. in Albany; and from 1808 until his death was the first pastor of the church in Cedar St., N.Y. He was an eloquent and impressive preacher. A coll. of his sermons was pub. in 2 vols. 8vo, 1816. — .S/myue. Romeyn, Theodoric Dirck, D.D., bro. of the preceding, prof, of theol. in the Refoniied Dutch Church, b. Hackensack, N. J., Jan. 2!i, 1744; d. Schenectady, Apr. 16, 1804. N.J. Coll. 1765. Ord. over the Dutch church in Ulster Co. May 14, 1766; was afterwards in- stalled at Hackensack until his removal to llie church in Schenectadj; in Nov. 1784. He was twice offered the presidency of Queen's Coll., N. J., and was for a considerable time a prof, of theol. It was chiefly by his cflbrts that Un. Coll. was founded at Schenectady. EonekendorfiF, William, capt. U.S.N., 1812. Midshipm.Feb. 17, 1832; '843; com. June 29, 1861; capt. b. Pa. Nov lieut. June Sept 27, 1866. Attached to the Pacific 'squad! during the Mexican war; com. steamer "M, W. Chapin," Paraguay exped., 1859; com. steamer " Water-Witch," 1861 ; com. steam- sloop " San Jacinto," N. Atl. block, squad., 1 862 ; in battle of Sewell's Point, and capture of Norfolk, May, 1 862 ; in E. Gulf block, squad. 1863; com. steam-sloop "Powhatan," W.I. squad., 1863^; com. ironclad "Tonawanda," 1865. — Hamersly. Roorbaeh, Orvillb A., many years a publisher in N.Y. and Charleston ; d. N. York, June, 1861. He pub. BiUiotlieca Americana from 1820 to 1861. Roosevelt, Robert B., pres. N.Y. Sports- men's Club, b. New York, 1829. M.C. 1871- 3 ; editor A'. Y. Citizen, a Dcmoc. print. Au- thor of "Game-Fish of N. A.," 1865; "Su- perior Fishing," 1865; "Game-Birds of the N. States," 1866; "Five Acres Too Much," 1869. Editor of C. G. Halpine's writings, with a Memoir and Notes, 1869. — Lanman. Root, Erastus, politician, b. Hebron, Ct., Mar. 16, 1773; d. New York, Dec. 24, 1846. Dartm. Coll. 1793. He taught school for a time, but studied law; and in 1796 settled at Delhi, now the capital of Del. Co., N.Y., and then in Otsego. In 1798 he was elected to the State assembly, and repeatedly re-elected after- wards. He was elected to Congress in 1803, 1S09, 1812, 1815, and 1831 ; was lieut.-gov. in 1822; and in 1839 was elected to the sen- ate. He was an ardent disciple of Geo. Clin- ton in politics. He pub. " Address to the Peo- ple," 1824. Root, George Frederick, prof, of music, b. Sheffield, Ms., 30 Aug. 1820. In 1826 his father removed to N. Reading. In 1838-^3 ho was a partner with A. N. Johnson as teacher of singing, and organist ; in 1 844-55 taught mu- sic in New York; and since 1860 has been a member of the well-known Chicago music-firm of Root & Cady. He has composed the can- tatas, "Flower-Queen," "Daniel," "Pilgrim- Fathers," "Haymakers," and " Belshazzar's Feast;" "Hazel Dell," "Rosalie the Prairio- Flower," "Battle-Cry of Freedom" (1862), and other popular songs ; has edited " Singer's Manual," 1849; with J. E. Sweetser, "A Coll. of Chm-ch Music," 8vo, 1849; "Academy Vo- calist," &c., 1 852 ; " Young Ladies' Choir ; " "Musical Album ;"" Young Men's Singing- Book," with L. Mason, 1855;^ "Sabbath Bell," 1856; "Festival Glee-Book," 1857; "The Shawm;" "The Diapason," 1860; "School for the Melodeon, Harmonium, and Cabinet Organ,"1863; " The Bugle-Call," 1 863 ; "The Comet," 1865; "The Musical Curriculum," 1865; "Silver Lute;" " The Forest Choir ; " "The Triumph," 1868. Root, Jesse, jurist, h. Coventry, Ct., Jan. 1737 ; d. there Apr. 5, 1822. N.J. Coll. 1756. He preached ab. 3 years ; but in 1763 was adm. to the bar. Residing at H:irtford, early in 1777 he raised a company, with which he joined Washington's army at Peck.skill, and was made a lieut.-col. He was a deleg. to Congress in 1778-83; was app. judge of the Sup. Court in 1789 ; chief justice from 1796 to ROS 782 ROS 1807 ; was afterward a member of the legisl. ; member of tbe Amer. Acad, and of the Ct. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. He pub. in 1798 Reports of Cases adjudged in the Court of Errors of Ct. July, 1789-June, 1793, and a sec- ond vol. 1802. Rosas, Don Juan Mandel Ortiz de, dictator of the Arg. Repub., b. Buenos Ayres 1793. Son of a wealthy land-owner, he lived with the cjuachos of the pampas, and imbibed the sanguinary tastes which afterward devel- oped into frightful cruelty. In 1829 Gov. Uorrego app. Rosas, his intimate friend, to the com. of the rural districts, but was soon com- peiiea for 23 uled despotically the Argentine Confederation. He reduced the hostile Indian tribes of the interior, and succeeded in uniting the whole of the Plata-river States into the Argentine Confed. in 1835. He often repeat- ed the ill-disguised farce of sending his resigna- tion to the chamber of representatives, when every one knew that whoever advocated its ac- ceptance would be assassinated in 24 hours, as was Maza, pres. of that body. He exhibited energy and constancy in resisting the conditions which Eng. and France sought to impose upon him. Among his arbitrary acts was his at- tempt to impose upon the indep. repub. of Uru- guay a gov. whose term had expired. This act, and his impolitic conduct toward Brazil, with which empire he maintained hostilities for 5 years, hastened his downfall. Feb. 3, 1852, his forces having been destroyed at Monte Casero, 6 leagues from Buenos Ayres, Rosas fled to Eng. with his family, leaving the country to the mercy of Gen. Urquiza, his conqueror. Bose, Aquila, poet; d. Phila. Aug. 22, 1723, a. 28. Franklin, in his Autob., states, that, on his first visit to Keimer the printer, he found him " composing an elegy on Aquila Rose, an ingenious young man, of excellent character, sec. to the Assembly, and a pretty poet." His son Joseph, afterward appren- tice to Franklin, pub. in 1740 "Poems on Several Occasions by Aquila Rose," a pamphlet of 56 pages. — Duychinck. Eosecranz, William Starke, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Kingston, 0., 6 Dec. 1819. West Point, 1842. His father, a farmer and merchant, served under Harrison in the war of 1812 as an adj. of light horse. The son en- tered the engr. corps; was assist, prof, of engr. at West Point 1843-4 and 1845-7 ; assist, prof, of nat. philos. 1844-5; had charge of the re- pairs at Ft. Adams, R.I., in 1847-53; and resigned from ill health 1 Apr. 1854. Civil engr. and architect, Cincinnati, 0., 1854-5; supt. of Caniiel-coal Co. 1855-7; manuf. of kerosene-oil at Cincinnati 1857-61, and so badly burned by an explosion as to be confined to his bed 18 months. Vol. aide to Gen. Mc- Clellan in Ohio, Apr.-June, 1861; col. and chief engr. of Ohio, 9 June, 1861 ; col. 23d Ohio Vols. 10 June, 1861 ; brig.-gen. U.S.A. 16 May, 1861 ; com. brigade in West Va. June- July, 1861, and engaged at Rich Mountain 11 July ; com. dcpt. of Ohio, July-Sept. 1861, and of West Va. Sept. 1861-Apr. 1862, and en- gaged at Carnifex Ferry 10 Sept. 1861 ; com. a division at siege of Corinth, Mpi., 22-30 May, 1862 ; com. Army of the Mpi. June-Oct. 1862, defeating Gen. Price at luka 19 Sept. 1862, and Van Dorn and Price at Corinth 3 and 4 Oct. 1862; com. Army of the Cumberland, Oct. '62 to Oct. '63 ; Dec. 31 he won the san- guinary battle of Stone River, near Murfrees- borough, Tenn., over Bragg's army. By great personal exertions ho on that day checked the tide of a terrible lli^astL'r, re-formed his army in the face of tla- att:irkiiiL' enemy, rolled back their victorious coliniiu^, and turned defeat into victory. 'I'lic n>ult ol tliis battle was the rescue of iMi.l.lir ■l\ini. and the secure posses- siiin nf Ky, 24 .lime, 1863, he advanced on TulhiliMiiM ; u. ciiiiied Bridgeport and Steven- son ui .In.i ; 1 r.i-,,,1 the Tenn. River 4 Sept. ISG-'i , ly .lud :;o Srpt. fought the unsuccessful battle of Chiekamauga; and was relieved of his com. 30 Oct. 1863. From 28 Jan. to 9 Dec. 1864 he com. the dept. of Mo., during which time occurred the Price raid. Brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 ; maj.-gen. vols. 21 Mar. 1862; resigned 28 Mar. 1867. Minister to Mexico in July, 1868, but was recalled a few months later. — See Ilosecranz's Campaign with the nth Armij Corps, 12mo, 1863. . Hosier, James, "a gentleman employed in the voyage," pub. Lond., 1605, "A True Relation of the Most Prosperous Voyage," &c., of Capt. (iccir^'e Waymouth to Virginia. Re- pub. ill Piuclias, vol. iv. Ross, Alkxanoer, a British gen.,b. 1742; d. Loud. Kov. 29, 1827. Ensign in the 50th Foot in Feb. 176U; he was in all the actions with the allied army in Germany after that date; became capt. in the 45th in May, 1775, and was in all the principal actions in the American war, during a great part of which he served as capt. of grenadiers, and in the latter part of it as aide-de-camp to Lord Cornwallis ; brev. maj. in 1781 ; a commissioner with Col. Dundas, on the part of Cornwallis, to arrange the details of the surrender at Yorktown ; after- wards served as dcp. adj. -gen. in Scotland ; thence went as adj.-gen. to the E. Indies while the Marquis of Cornwallis com. in thatcountry,. and was present in every action that took place at that time. He attained the rank of gen. Jan. 1, 1812. Cornwallis's corresp. was pub. in 3 vols., 1859, by Charles, son of Alex. Ross. Ross, Edward C, LL.D. (Ken. Coll. 1849), prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. in the N.Y. Free Acad. 1848-51, b. Pa. 1801 ; d. N.Y. May 16, 1851. West Point, 1821 ; A.M. of Geneva Coll. 1842. He left the array in 1839, after performing arduous service dur- ing the Florida war; and for 10 years acted as assist, prof, of math, at West-Point Acad. Prof, of math, in Kenyon Coll., O., 1840-8. He translated Bourdon's Algebra from the French in 1831. Ross, George, judge and patriot, b. New- castle, Del., 1 730 ; d. Lancaster, Pa., July, 1779. Son of the pastor of the Epis. church in New- castle. Commenced the study of the law at Phila. at the age of 18, and established him- self in practice at Lancaster in 1751. He was a representative in the Assembly of Pa. in 1768-70; and in 1774 he was elected to the first Gen. Congress at Phila. ; at the same time he was app. to report to the Assembly ROS instructions for liimself and his associates. In 1775 he drew up a reply to Gov Pcnn s mes- sage, deprecating any action on the part ot the Colony. A report on the measures necessary for putting the Colony and the city of I'hila. in a state of defence was also from his pen. lie sinned the Decl. of Indep., but in Jan., 1777, .,-1 1... :_,i: — „;t;„r. to resign his of Lan- ate worth was compelled, by indisposition place in Congress. The inhabitanti caster having voted him a piece of pi £150 on this occasion, he declined llie present. The convention which assembled after the dis- solution of the proprietary govt. app. Ur. Ross to prepare a decl. of rights. After acting as a successful mediator in difficulties with the In- dians, he was app. a judge of the Court of Ad- miraltv in April, 1779. , , . Boss, James, scholar, taught school at Chambersburg, Pa., 1796-1801, subsequently at Lancaster and Phila. ; and was prof, of lan- guages in Dick. Coll., Pa. Author ot Latin and Greek grammars, and other text-books in those languages ; of Latin poems in the^iews- papers, and an Ode to the memory of Dr. C. msheu — Hist. Mat/azme, 186-2. Boss, James, statesman, b. York Co., fa., July 12, 1762 ; d. near Piitsburg, Nov. 27,1847. Educated at Pequea under Rev. Dr. Robert Smith. He taught at Canonsburg the first classical school opened in the West ; afterward studied law in Phila. ; was adm. to the bar in 1784 ; rose to distinction in the profession ; ra. a ladv of fortune, and devoted himself to poli- tics ' He was prominent in the State Const. Conv of 1790; an able defender of the Federal Const. ; was a U.S. senator in 1794-1803, and one of the leaders of the Federal party. He was one of the commiss. from Congress to the Whiskey Insurgents. He pub. " Speech on the Free Navigation of the Mpi.," 1803. Boss, SiK John, arctic explorer, b. Scot- land, 24 June, 1777 ; d. Lond. 30 Aug. 1856 Entcrin<' the roval navv in 1786, he attained the rank of rear-adin. in 1851, having been 13 times wounded. He began his arctic voyages in 1828 with Capt. Parry ; was similarly en- ca<«ed in 1829-33 ; and in 1850 went in search of Sir John Franklin in a small vessel of 90 tons, remaining one winter in the ice. Author of a "Voyage of Discovery," 2 vols. 1819; " Narrative of a Second Voyage," 2 vols. 1835- 6 His nephew Sir James Clark Ross, also disting. for his arctic explorations, d. 3 April, 1862. Author of " Voyageof piscovery in the Southern Antarctic Regions," 1847. Boss, John (Kooweskoowe), a Cherokee chief, b. Ga. ab. 1790 ; d. Washington D.C., Au". 1, 1866. He was a half-breed, and at an early' age had acquired a good English educa- tion. He became principal chief ot the Chcro- kees in 1828. The jiroceedingsof the Ga. legist, for their removal, in 1829, led to an appeal on the part of the Cherokces, Ross acting as their agent, to the U.S. Sup. Court, which resulted in a decision in their favor. Georgia, however, refused to obey, and aggressions upon the In- dians increased. In 1835 a treaty was con- cluded between J. F. Schermerhorn, an agent of the U.S., and Major Ridge ; his son John Ridge, and aliout 600 other Cherokees, agreeing to surrender their lands, and remove V\ est within 2 vcars. Against this treaty, known as that of' New Echota, Ross and over 15,000 of his tribe protested. The govt., however, sent a force under Gen. Seott to compel its fulfilment ; and the Indians, with Ross at their head, re- moved to their new home, a moderate allow- ance being made them for their losses by the govt. In 1861, Ross, after some hesitation, en- tered into a treaty with the seceding States. At the time of his death, he was urging the claims of his tribe for losses during the war. He pub. " Letter to a Gentleman of Phila.," 1836. Boss, Robert, an English maj.-gen., b. Ross Trevor, Devonshire, Eng. ; killed iit North Point, 12 Sept. 1814. Trinity CoU^, Dublin. Disting. as an officer ot the 20th Foot in Holland and Egypt; was a lieut.-col. at Maida ; was in the campaign of Corunna, under Sir John Moore ; and com. a brigade at the battles of Vittoria and the Pyrenees, and was wounded at Oithez. Selected by Welling- ton to com. the corps sent against Washington, he defeated the U.S. troops at Bladensburg; entered the city of Washington 24 Aug. 1814, and burned and' sacked it; and, while leading the advance in the direction of Baltimore, was killed by a rifleman. BOSSiter, Thomas P., painter, b. New Haven, Ct., Sept. 29, 1818. He began to study with Jocehn, and in 1838 commenced port.- painting. 'He was in Europe 1840-6, studying chiefly in Rome; and in Paris in 1853-6, where he obtained a gold medal in the Exposition of 1855. Since 1860 he has resided at Cold Spring, Hudson Highlands. He became an academi- cian in 1849. He has painted a number of scriptural pieces, among them " Miriam," " The Jews in Captivity," and " Noah ; " also "Joan of Arc in Prison," " House of Washing- ton," "Representative Merchants," &c. ; aiicl has latterly been engaged uiion a series ot compositions on the Life of Christ. Died 1871. — Tuckerman. Bost, Pierre A., jurist, b. France ah. 1797; d. N. Orleans, Sept. 6, 1868. He re- ceived an academic and scientific education at Paris, where he was a pupil of the Polytechnic School. Emigrating lo the Red-river dist. ab. 4, he began to practise soon became conspicuous" at the 'bar, and, removing to St. Charles parish, became an extensive and pros- perous planter. In 1845 he was placed upon the bench of the Supreme Court, where he ranked among the foremost jurists of the State. Commis. to Spain under the Confed. government. Bostaing, Jdst Astoise Hexei Marie, Marquis de, a French lieut.-gen., b. Vauchette, Nov. 24, 1 740 ; d. 1 825. He was at first a page to Louis XV. ; made the campaigns of 1760-2 in Germany as captain of cavalry, and then of America (1780-3) as col. successivelv of the regts. of Auxerois and of Gatinais. His con- duct in this war, and particularly at the siege of Yorktown, procured him the cross of St. Louis, that of Cincinnati, and the grade of mare'chal-de-camp in 1783. Dep. to the statcs- gen. ; sec. of the national assembly, Oct. 13, 1789 ; and then a mcrabcrof the military com. ; but detached himself from the party which was EOT 784 ROTV seeking the destruction of the monarchy, and joined the c6t€ droit ; named lieut.-gen. March 20, 1792. He withdrew from the political arena, and retired to his estate of Forez, where, thanks to his opinion in favor of the tifrs-Aat in the constituent assembly, he long survived the epoch of terror. Bothermel, Peter F., painter, b. Luzerne Co., Pa., July 8, ISl". He was educated as a land-surveyor; but, on removing at the age of 22 to Phila., studied painting, and commenced practice as a portrait-painter, but soon engaged upon historical subjects. In 1836-7 he visited France, Germany, and Italy, and painted his "St. Agnes," now in St. Petersburg. Among his earlier works are " Christabel " and " Kath- arina and Petruchio." He has also painted " De Soto discovering the Mississippi," " Co- lumbus before Isabella the Catholic," the Noche Triste from Prescott's " Conquest of Mexico," " Christian Martyrs in the Colos- seum," " Patrick Henry before the Virginia House of Burgesses," " I'he Battle of Gettys- burg." Eottenburg, Baron de; d. Portsmouth, Eng., April 24, 1832. App. m:ijor 1795 ; col. 180.5; brig.-gcn. 1808; maj.-gen. 1810; lieut.- gen. 1819. He served in the Irish rebellion of 1798; at the capture of Surinam, 1799; com. the light troops in the Walcheren exped. in 1809; took com. at Quebec in 1810; at Mon- treal in 1812 ; corn, the troops in U.C. in 1813, and was pres. of the Province ; and in 1814-15 com. the left division of the army in Canada. Rouquette, Adrien Emmanuel, poet, b. New Orleans, 1813. He was educated at the Roy. Coll. of Nantes, France, and studied law, but became a prof, in the R.C. Sem. at N. Or- leans. He writes both in French and English ; and his works comprise " Les Savanes Po£sies Ame'ricaines," 1841 ; " Wild-Flowers," a vol. of sacred poetry, 1848; a prose treatise^ fence of monasticism, entitled " La en Am&igue," 1852 ; " L' Antoniade," &c., 1860; and in 1846 a Discourse at the Cathedral of St. Louis on the Anniversary of the Battle of New Orleans; ** Poemes Patn'olifjues," 1860. His bro. Francois Uominique, poet, b. New Orleans, Jan. 2, 1810, was also educated at Nantes, studied law in the office of Wm. Ilawle in Phila., and, returning to France, pub. there (1838) a vol. of poems entitled " Les ileschac^- b^ennos;" "The Arkansas," 1850; " Fleurs d'Am^rique," 1857. He has written a work both in Frencii and English on the Choctaw Nation. Bous, Captain John ; d. 1760. In Aug. 1744 he com. an exped. sent to cut out a fleet of French vessels from the harbor of Fishotte, Newfoundland, which he successfully per- formed, and laid waste all the French posts on that coast. In the exped. against Cape Bre- ton in 1745, he com. " The Shirley " (24), and, after the reduction of Louisbnrg,' was sent to England with the news, and rewarded with the commission of capt. in the royal navy, Sept. 24, 1745; in 1755 he com. the fleet which conveyed the exped. against the French in the Bay' of Fundy, and he afterward destroyed their forts and houses in the River St. John's ; in 1757 he com. the frigate " Winchelsea " in the unsuc- cessful exped. against Louisburg, and captured a French sloop of 16 guns after a stout resist- ance ; in 1758, in "The Sutherland " (50), at the siege of Louisburg, and in 1 759 at that of Quebec, he did good service ; member of the colonial council in 1754. Bousseau, Lovell Harrison, brev. maj.- gen. U. S. A., b. Lincoln Co., Kv., 4 Aug. 1818; d. N. Orleans 8 Jan. 1869. He lost his father (who was of Huguenot descent, and who was first cousin to Pres. Harrison) when he was 13, had no schooling after he was 10 years old, and worked at road-making. After studying law at Louisville, and at Bloomfield, Ind., he was in 1841 adm. to the bar; was a member of the legisl. in 1844-5 ; was a capt. in the 2d Ind. Regt. at the battle of Buena Vista ; and in 1847 was chosen by the Whigs State sena- tor. Returning to Louisville in 1849, he took a high place at the bar as a criminal lawyer. Member of the Ky. senate in 1860, he took a bold and decided stand for the govt., and against the quasi neutrality of the legisl., and, when the civil war began, raised two Ky. regts., which he was obliged to encamp on the Indiana side of the Ohio River, where he established "Camp Joe Holt." In Sept. 1861 he crossed the river to protect Louisville; was made hrig.- gen. vols. 1 Oct. 1861 ; was attached to Gen. Buell's army, and fought at Shiloh ; led a div of McCook's corps, and took a leading part in the battle of Perry ville 8 Oct. 1862, for which he was made maj.-gen. vols. ; was conspicuous at the battle of Stone River 31 Dec. 1862 ; was in the Tullahoma campaign, in the movement at Chattanooga, and the battle of Chicka- mauga ; com. the Dist. of Tenn. in 1864, and made his famous raid into Ala., destroying the Montgomery and Atlanta lines of railroad; and in Dec. held the important post of Fort Rosecranz against Hood. Brev. major-gen. U.S.A. for gallant and merit, services in the war; brig.-gen. U.S.A. Mar. 1867,and assigned to duty in Alaska. Subsequently com. in New Orleans. M.C. 1865-7. He was a supporter of the reconstruction policy of Pres. Johnson. Bowan, John, jurist, b. Pa. 1773 ; d. Louisville, Ky., July 13, 1843. His parents went to Ky. in 178.3. John was educated by Dr. Priestley at Bardstown ; was adm. to the bar in 1 795 ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1799; sec. of state in 1804; M.C. 1807-9; many vears in the State legisl. ; judge of the Court of Appeals 1819-21 ; U.S. senator 1823- 31 ; commiss. of claims against Mexico under the treaty of April 11, 1839 ; pres. of the Kv. Hist. Soc. 1838-43. In the U.S. senate he made able speeches on amending the judiciary system, April 10, 1826, and on imprisonment for debt in 1828. He was acknowledged to have no equal at the Ky. bar in criminal cases. He was a man of extensive literary acquire- ments, and of commanding eloquence. His speeches on Foote's Resolutions, and on Im- prisonment for Debt, were pub. 1830. Bowan, Stephen C, vice-adm. U.S.N., b. Ireland, Dec. 25, 1808. Midshipm. Feb. 15, 1826; licut. Mar. 8, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862 ; rear-adm. July 25, 1866 ; vice-adm. Sept. 9, 1870. Com. naval battalion under Com. Stockton at battle of Niesa, Upper '85 Cal. ; exec, officer of " The Cyanc " when she bombardcJ Guaymas, 1847; com. sloop-of-war " Pawnee " in action with batteries at Aquia Creek in May, 1861, and in capture of Hat- teras ; com. naval flotilla in attack on Roanoke Island, and In captureand destruction of Confcd. fleet in Albemarle Sound, Feb. 10, 1862; also captured Elizabeth City and Edenton, N. C. He com. the naval forces at the fall of New- born; com. "The New Ironsides" ofl' Charles- ton, and participated in the different attacks on P'orts Wagner, Gregg, and Moultrie; com. Asiatic squad, 1868-9. — //amcrs/^. Kowland, Rkv. Heney Augdstus, reli- gious author, I). Windsor, Ct., 18 Sept. 1804; d. Boston, Sept. 4, 1859. Y.C. 182.3. Grand- son of Rev, D, S. ; son of Rev. H. A., minister of Windsor 1 790-18.35. He studied theology ; was one vear agent of the Am. Bible Society ; was settled in Favetteville, N. C, in 18-30, in N.Y. City in 1834! in Houesdale, Pa., 184-3-54, and at the time of his death at Newark, N. J. He was a frequent contrib. to religious periodi- cals, and was the author of "The Common Maxims of Infidelity," " The Path of Life," " Wav of Peace," and " Light in a Dark Al- ley," 1850, —5ce Memorial of Rowland, with Funeral Sermon, by E. R. Fairjield, 1860. Eowlandson, Maky, wife of Joseph, first minister of Lancaster, Ms., who d. 24 Nov. 1678. Was made captive by the Indians when that town was destroyed, Feb. 10, 1676, and pub. an account of her captivity in 1682. She was redeemed by the bounty of some ladies of Boston after a captivity of 11 weeks and 5 days. Her narrative passed through manv editions, the 6th in 1828. She was dau. of John White. RoWSOn, Sus.ANNA, authoress, b. Ports- mouth, Eng., 1762 ; d. Boston, March 2, 1824. She, with her father Wm. Haswcll, a British naval officer, was wrecked in 1767 on Lovell's Island, on the New-Eng. coast; after which he settled at Nantasket, married again, and on the breaking-out of the war, being a British subject, was compelled to depart. Susanna followed him to London, where in 1786 she m. Win. Kowson, leader of the band attached to til' K -i.il i.uiiiN. They came to Phila. in 17 ' : ij rjcment to Wignell, manager ..! ! ! litre. She bad previously ap- 1- u i )i - -liilly at the provincial theatres in li-!it CDinedy and musical pieces. While at Baltimore, in 1793, she wrote a poetical address to the iirmies of the U.S., entitled "The Stan- d.ird of Liberty." In 1796 she appeared with her husband at the Federal-street Theatre, Boston, where her comedy, "Americans in Eng- land," was played for her benefit, and farewell of the stage. She next taught school succes- sively at Medford, Newton, and Boston. She pub. in London " Victoria," a novel, 1 786 ; " Mary, or the Test of Honor ; " " A Trip to Parnassus;" " Fille de Chamhre ;" "Thelnquis- itor;" "Mcntoria; " and " Charlotte Temple," a highly popular novel. In America she piih. " Trials of the Heart," a novel ; " Slaves in Algiers," an opera ; " The Volunteers," a farce; and "The Female Patriot;" "Reuben and Rachel," a novel, Boston, 1798 ; and " Mis- cellaneous Poems, 1804 ; " Sarah, or the Exem- plary Wife," 1802; Spelliirj Pi -Mnntrv, 1807; "Present for Young Lad; - 111 --'i- also compiled some educational .1 I 1' -mary, two systems of Geograpln .u. i I,,!... .1 i:xer- cises ; contrib. to the i.w/u« II <•/;../, I/,/./. In 1822 she pub. 2 vols, of " Biblical bialogucs." " Charlotte's Daughter," a sequel to " (.'burlotte Temple," app. in 1 828. — AJemoirs of AJrs. Row- son hy EHas Nason, 8vo, 1870, Eoyall, Anne, authoress, b. in Va. June II, 1769 ; d. Washington, D.C., Oct. 1, 18.54. Kidnapped by the Indians in childhood, she was detained 15 vears ; afterwards m. Capt. K., a Revol. officer,"and lived in Ala. In Wash- ington, she established in 1835 the papers Paul Pry and the Huntress. She published " Sketches," 1826 ; " The Tennesscan," 1827 ; " The Black Book," 1828, a narrative of travels throughout the U.S., and criticisms of individual character, second series, 1831 ; "Letters from Alabama," 8vo, 1830. She wielded a sarcastic and often a liiiicr pen. Royall, Isaac, loyalist; d. En^iianil, Oct. 1781. Representative from Medford, Ms., to the Gen. Court, and for 22 years a mcniber of the council. App, a brig.-gen. 1761, be was the first who bore that title here. He left the country, Apr. 16, 1773; was proscniied in 1778, and his estate confiscated. A dau, m. the second Sir Wm. Pepperell. He b.qucathed upwards of 2,000 acres of land in Worcester Co. to found the first law professorship of H.U. ; and his bequests for other purposes were nu- merous and liberal. Royee, Stephen, LL.D. (U. of Vt. 1837), gov. of Vt. 1854-6, b. Tinmouih, Vt., 12 Aug. 1787 ; d. E. Berkshire, Vt., Nov. 11, 1868. Midd. Coll. 1807. Judge Sup. Court 1826-7 and 1829-52; chief justice 1846-51; member legisl, from Sheldon 1815-16, from St. Al- ban's 1822-4. Rueker, Daniel H., brev. maj.-gen. U.S. A., b. on Grosse Isle, Detroit River. 2d lieut. 1st Dragoons, Oct. 1837; capt, Feb. 1847; brev. maj. for gallantry at Buena Vista, Mex.; transf. to quarterm. dept. Nov. 30, 1849 ; maj. Aug. 3, 1861 ; col. and aide-de-camp, Sept. 1861; brig.-gen. U.S. vols. May, 1863; col. and assist, quarterm.-gen. July, 1866 ; brev. brig.-gen. and brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. for faith- ful and tnerit. service during the war. — Uenry's MiUt. Record. Radd, John Churchill, D.D., Epis. clergvman, b. Norwich, Ct , Mav 24, 1779 ; d. Utii-a, Nov. 15, 1848. He received a good academical education ; was adm. to holy orders in 1805; was rector of St. John's, Elizabeth- town, N. J., until 1826 ; was rector of St. Pe- ter's, Auburn, N.Y., 1826-31, having likewise the charge of an acad. for 3 years ; estabiisiied the Gospel Messene/er and Clntrch Record, a weekly religious journal, of which he continued to be editor and proprietor until his death. Rudolph, Michael, a brave Revol. officer, 1.. Md. ab. 1754; ri. after 1794. With his bro. Jolin he joined Maj, Henrv Lee, at the heiid of Elk, in 1778, with rank of capt. in bis Legion ; disting. himself greatly in many of the minor battles and sieges ol the war in the south ; and after its close m. and settled in bu>i- RXJF ness in Savannah. He was subsequently col- lector at Sunbury, Ga., where he cuhivated a small farm. Entering the army again in 1790 as capt. 1st Inf., he served under Harmar in the North-west ; became maj. of cav. ; resigned in 1794; afterward traded to the W. Indies, and was last heard of as having embarked for France to enter its military service. Ruffin, Edmund, pres. Va. Agric. Soc, b. Prince Edward Co., Va., 1794; d. by his own hand near Danville, Va., June 17, 1865. He pull. " Essay on Calcareous Manures," 1831 ; •■ Report, &c., Agric. Surrey of S.C," 8vo, 1843; "Essays and Notes on Agric.," 8vo, 185."). Also editor Farmer's Register, 1833-42, 10 vols., and other agric. periodicals, and of the Westover Manuscripts, by William Byrd, Svo, 1841. He was a noted secessionist, fired the first gun at Fort Sumter, and com- mitted suicide because he would not live under the U.S. government. Eufl'ner, Heskt, D.D., LL.D., many years ]ires. of Lexington Coll., Va. ; d. at his residence in Kanawha, Va., Dec. 17, 1861, a. 72. Author of an argument against the con- tinuance of slavery in Va. ; " The Fathers of the Desert," 2 vols. 12mo, 1850; "Judith Bensaddi,' a romance ; discourse on Future Punishment, 1823; Inaug. Address, Lexing- ton, Feb. 22, 1837. Ruger, Thomas H., col. and brev. hrig.- gen. U.S.A., b. X.Y. ab. 18.33. West Point, 1854. Resigned 2 dlieut. engrs. 1 Apr. 1855; counsellur-at-law, Janesvllle, Wis., 1856-61 ; lieut.-col. 3d Wis. Vols. 29 June; col. 20 Aug. 1S61 ; brig.-gen. 29 Nov. 1862; col. 33d .U.S. Inf 28 July, 1866. He served in the Slienan- doah Valley in 1861-2; was at Cedar Moun- tain and Antietam ; com. brigade of 12th corps at Chancellorsville ; com. a division at Gettys- burg ; com. a brigade in 20th corps in Atlanta campaign, May-Nov. 1864 ; com. div. ^3d corps in operations against Hood's army, and in operations in N. C. until Johnston's surrender; brev. maj.-gen. vols. 30 Nov. 1864 lor battle of Franklin, Tenu., and brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A. 2 Mar. 1867 for Gettysburg. Trans, to ISth Inf. 15 Mar. 1869. — C'lllnm. Kuggles, Besjamin, U.S. senator from O. 1815-33, b. Windham Co., Ct., 1783; d. St. Clairsville, O., Sept. 2, 1857. By keeping school in winter, he obtained the means for re- ceiving a classical education ; was adm. to the bar; removed to Marietta, O., but subsequent- ly settled at St. Clairsville ; and in 1810 was elected pres. judge of the C.C'.P. for the third circuit. — Lanmun. Ruggles, Daniel, maj.-gen. C.S.A., b. Ms. ab. 1814. West Point, 1833. Entering 5th Inf, he became 2d lieut. Feb. 18, 1836 ; 1st lieut. July 7, 1833; capt. June 18, 1846; served in the Florida war; was dialing, at Palo Alto and La Palma, and at the storming of Molino del Rey ; brev. maj. and lieut.-col. respectively for gallantry at Conjreras and Churubusco Aug. 20, and at Chapultepec Sept. 13, 1847 ; and resigned May 7, 1861. Made brig.-gen. in the Confed. army in 1861 ; served in N. Or- leans in the winter of 1861-2, and retreated thence with the forces under Gen. M. Lovell before the surrender, of the city to Flag-OlEcer after his i Farragut; maj.-gen. in 1863; surrendered wiih Lee. Ruggles, Edward, M.D., physician and artist, b. Fall River, Ms., 1817 ; d'. Brooklyn, N.Y., 10 Mar. 1867. While studying medicine 5, he aUo acquired skill as an artist, and id a large medical practice, amusing his leisure hours at the easel. About 1867 some of his pictures were exhibited; and the applause they received led him to devote himself to painting cabinet-pieces, which he produced with great rapidity, and which were highly popular. Ruggles, Samuel Bulklet, LL.D., h. Ct. 1800. Y.C. 1814. Adm. to the N.Y. bar 1821; member N.Y. legisl. 1838 ; canal coni- miss. 1839; pres. of the board 1840 and 1858; U.S. comraiss. to Paris E.xposition 1866, to Internat. Monetary Conference, Paris, 1867, In- ternat. Statist. Confer, at the Hagne, 1869; has pub. many pamphlets on subjects of Law, Po- lit. Economy, and Education. — AHihone. Ruggles, Timothy, lawyer, politician, and loyalist, b. Rochester, Ms., 11 Oct. 1711 ; d. Wiimot, N. S., 4 Aug. 1795. II.U. 1732. Son of Rey. Time, min. of Rochester 1710- 68. He practised law successfiiUy at Sandwich, and then at Hardwick ; was a member of the legisl. in 1736 ; and at the battle of Lake George in 1755 was a brig.-gen., and second in com. App. judge of C.C.P. in 1756, and was chief justice from 1762 until the Revol. ; speaker of the Assembly in 1762-3; many years an in- fluential member of that body; delegate to the Stamp-act Congress at N.Y. in 1765, and its pres., but refused to concur in its measures, and was reprimanded by the legisL Adhering to the royal cause, he took refuge in Boston, where, in 1775, he endeavored, without success, to raise a corps of loyalists, and on the de- parture of the British troops accomp. them to Nova Scotia, and became one of the proprie- tors of the town of Digby. A wit, scholar, lawyer, he was rude in speech and manner, but was an impressive pleader and an able debater. In Mrs. Warren's dramatic piece, " The Group," he figures as Brigadier Hateall. — See Ward's Life of Curwen ; Saline's Loi/nlists. Rumford, Sir Benjamin Thompson, count, physicist and statesman, b. Wobum, Ms., Mai-ch 26, 1753 ; d. Auteui!, France, Aug. 21, 1814. His emig. ancestor James came to N.E. ab. 1630, and settled in Charlestown, J[s. Receiving a comraon-sehool education, he en- tered a connting-honse in Salem at the age of 13, and while thus engaged, and al.*o in school- teaching, employed much of his leisure in in- vestigating medicine and physics, attending the lectures of Prof. Winthrop of H.U. He was a clerk in a store in Boston at the time of the massacre in March, 1770. He next taught an acad. in Rumford, now Concord, N.H., and in 1772 m. Mrs. Rolfe, a wealthy widow of that place, and was made major of militia. This app. gave umbrage to older officers over whose heads he was placed, and was the origin of the persecution which afterward drove him into the British camp. He shared in the feelings of his countrymen, although not one of the intense patriots of the day, and tried in vain to obtain a commission in the Cont. army. He was RTTM 787 ETJS charged mth disaffection, driven from his home, and afterwards from his step-father's residence in Woburn. He had a puLlic hearing at Wo- bura, and, though not condemned, was not fully acquitted. Oct. 10, 1775, he left the Amer. lines, and after the fall of Boston was sent to Eng. by Gen. Howe with despatches. Employed Ijy Lord Geo. Gemiaine, sec. of state for the Colonies, he became in 1 780 nnder-scc. ; on the retirement of Grcnuaine, he rctm-ncd to America, raised in N.Y. " The King's Ameri- can Dragoons," and was comissioned lieut.-col. ; Feb. 24, 1782, he succeeded, in the absence of Ma- rion, in surprising his brigade, then under Col. Horry, dispersing it, and destroying its stores. Returning to Eng. at the close of the war, he was knighted, and in 1784 entered the service of the Elector of Bavaria as aide-de-camp and chamberlain. Here he rc-organized the military service, suppressed beggary, and introduced numerous reforms ; among others was the con- version of an old hunting-ground near Munich into a park, where, after his departure, the in- habitants erected a monument in his honor. For his serrices he was made a State council- lor, lieut.-gen., minister of war, and count, tak- ing the title of Rumford, his old residence, liis health becoming feeble, he made a tour in Ita- ly ; went to Eng. in Sept. 1 795, whore he was robbed of all his private papers, and original notes and observations on pliilosophical sub- jects. He pub. the record of his labors in Ba- varia in a Series of essays. He discovered the leading principles upon which fireplaces and grates for coal are constructed, and many other economies in tne production and employment of heat, which he demonstrated to be only a mode of motion, — one of the great discoveries of the age. Returning to Bavaria in 1796, he was app. head of the council of regency during the absence of the elector, and maintained the neutrality of Munich during the war between France and Austria, and was made supt. ol the gen. police. At the end of two years, hi.- health failing, he fixed his residence in Eng., where he foimdcd the Koy. Institution ; in 1802 he fixed his residence in Paris; and in 1804 m. the widow of Lavoisier, but they soon sepa- rated. He passed the rest of liis life in philo- sophical and chemical experiments. He con- trib. a large number of papers to scientific jour- nals ; made discoveries in the strength of ma- terials and the force of gunpowder, in light, heat, and illumination ; instituted prizes for discoveries in light and lieat for the Roy. Soc of Lond. and the Amer. Acad, of Sciences, of which he himself received the first on the for- mer subject from the Roy. Soc. ; and he be- queathed to H. U. the funds by wliich was founded its professorship of the application of science to the art of living in 1SI6. He left by his first wife a dau., who bore the title of countess, and who resided in Concord, where she d. in 1852. His wife Sarah d. Palis, Feb. 10, 1S36, a. 81. His essays were pub. 3 vols. 8vo, 1796; Philosophical Papers, 8vo, 1S02. His Life by Rev. Geo. E. Ellis, D.D., to accomp. a complete edition of his works, to be issued m 4 vols. Svo, was pub. Svo, Boston, 1S71. Rutnsey, James, inventor, b. Bohemia Manor, Cecil Co., Md., 1743; d. London 23 Dee. 1792. In Sept. 1784 he exhibited on the Potomac a boat which was propelled against the stream by machinery. Washington wit- nessed and certified to the fact. In Mar. 1786 he propelled a boat on the Potomac by a steam- engine and machinery of his own making, and obtained a patent in Va. in 1787. In 1788 the Rumsey Society, of which Franklin was a member, was formed in Phila. to aid him. He went to London, where a similar body was formed, a boat and machinery buUt for him ; and he obtained patents in Great Britain, France, and Holland. A successful experi- ment was made on the Thames in Dec. 1792; and he was preparing another when his death oceun-ed. In 1839 the Ky. legisl. presented a gold medal to liis son, " commemorative of his father's services and high agency in giving to the world the benefit of the steamboat." lie pub. a " Short Treatise on the Application of Steam," 1788. He made important improve- ments in mill-machinery about 1784. Runkle, John Daniel, Ph. D. ( Ilani. Col. 1870), LL.D. (Weal. U. 1871), phy^ieist, b. Root, Montg. Co., N.Y., 1 1 Oct. 1822. Law. Sci. School, Camb., U'51. He worked on his fa- ther's fainn until 21, then studied and taught nnlil he entered the Sci. School in 1848. App. in 1849 assist, in the prep, of the "American Ephemeris and Naut. Almanac," with which he is still connected. In 1856 he pub. in the " Smithsonian Contribs." "New Tallies forde- the Values of the Co-efficients in the 3tary . &c. ; and founded the Mathcm. Montldi/, of which 3 vols, were issued (1859-61). Elected in 1865 prof, of mathematics and analytic me- chanics in the Ms. Institute of Technology, act- ing-pres. in 1868, and pres. in 1870. Rupp, Isaac Daniel, writer on agric, bi-t-rv, Hi-.. \' ii":ir IT:in-i-l.nvtr. Pn., 10 July, I -•! : ' r.i>'i 1. •■ < ! ■■ I !■ v; indcring Soul," ; ,•; I !■ :.:;i ;■ II ■■'■,! '■ , I'lMller's " Voy- :,,. - ,,:h, ( ,;. ,,, .'v... , . ■ it<36; "Prac- iK:;il i-aiiiin, loJ7. Aiuliur of " History of the Religious Denominations of the U.S.," 1844; histories of Lancaster Co., 8vo, 1844; Berks and Lebanon, Svo, 1844 ; York Co., 8vo, 1845; Korthiimpton, Lehigh, Carbon, Monroe, and Schuykill, &c., Svo, 1845; Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, &c., 8vo, 1845; Northumberland, Huntingdon, MifBin, &c., Svo, 1847; "Early History of Pennsylv. and the West," Svo, 1846. — See' for complete list of lus /mUications Hist. Mag., Feb. 1871. Ruschenberger, William S. W., M.D., (U. of Pa. 1830), naturalist and author, b. Curaberiand Co. , N. J., Sept. 4, 1 807 . He was educated in New York and Phil.a. ; studied medicine; became a surgeon in the U.S.N., and between 1826 and 1834 made two voyages in the Pacific; from March, 1835, to Nov. 1837, he was fleet-surgeon for the E. India squadron wliich circumnavigated the globe. While in cliari;e of the U.Srnaval hospital at Brooklyn, N. Y. (1843-7), he organized the naval labora- tory for supplying the service with unadulter- ated drugs. After again visiting the E. Indies, in 1848, he was in 1849 made a member of the board to draw up plans and resjulations for the U.S. Naval Acad. In Oct. 1854 he sailed as RXJS surgeon of tlio Pacific siinndron ; retired with rank ofcomnindnic' 4 Sept. !sr,;). Amonc his works are, " Tin. .■ "irai^ in the Pacitie," 1834 ; "A Voyage i-iui.l il,r Worl.l, iiicliidins an Embassy to Mii-.n i.thI Siam," 1838; '■Ele- ments of Natural l:i-ll.r^," IsTiO; " A Lexicon of Terms ii^.d in Na'tnial History," 1850; " Notes and C ..niin. mai i. , .luring a Voyage to Brazil and China in llie Year 1848," 1854; notice of the origin, &c., of the Phila. Acad, of Nat. Sciences, 8vo, 1852; besides nnmerous articles, on subjects connected with the navy, in theSou'h. / ,' .1/ ■ ,, vr and fmnr. Rn-iew. IlehaswritMi ,.,; I: . -i , , :i ' ■ ! ^.i.-ntific subjects in vai I - - / /.,//(■/,•. KUSh, l!l -..!><,.-,, \, 11 |i n:.:V 17G8), LL.D., physician, aud MgiKT.u ii,r Drcl. of Indep., b. on Puiincstiou Crceli, near Phila., Dec. :i4, 1743 ; d. Phila. Apr. 19, 1 si 3. N. .J. C'aII. 1760. He studied medicine in Pliila., Ediiib., Lond., and Pari.s ; began practice in Phila. in Aug. 1769, and was made prof, of chemistry in the med. coll. there ; in 1789 he succeeded to the chair of the theory and prac- tice of medicine ; in 1791 was made prof, of the institutes and practice of medicine and clinical practice, and in 1796 received the additional chair uf the practice of physic; he was also for nKiu\ \..ir- a |Ii\ician in the Pa. Hospital. In lii ! - : li .iiti-rence of Pa. he moved tia/ 1. , II.. I'ss in form its sentiments on tli. -i.l.|. .1 '1 a heel, of Indep. ; was chair- man of the com. to consider its expediency, and was elected to Congress in season to vote for that measure. In the same year lie was m. to Julia, dau. of Eichard Stockton of N. J., who d. 7 July, 1848, a. 89. In Apr. 1777 he made surg.-gen. of the middle dept. ; and 777, phvs. pie of Pa. 1776, which he considered very defective, and which was soon after supei'sedc'd by a new form of govt. In Feb. 1778 he resigned his position in the army on account of wnmgs done to the soldiers in'regard to tli. li.. i ii.il -n.n ^ i;. . suming practice in Phi i. I I ; 1785, the first dispensai. ' I - I State conv. he was a til-Ill ...... r ..r t'... I" .1- eral Constitution ; a m. i... . . ..r the convention of Pa. to funii ■- :it\ition, and en- deavored to ).r... oration in it of hi.i views u]ioii |.i . i. -. i.. "il • and a penal code, H]ion ^^:li. !i h I |.rrviously written some es- sav.- 1 ] ivvalence of yellow-fever in ri I '7 Lull alone treated it succcss- f{ill_\ : |i; K 1 1 . 1 1 1 , i n his eulogiam upon Rush, c.sti"mating that lie saved not fewer than 6,000 of the inhabitants of Phila. from death. In a single day Dr. Rush visited and prescribed for upward of 100 patients. Cobbett, in his Peter Purcupine's Gazelle, assaulted Rush and his treatment of the disease, carrying his hostility to sncli an extent, that a suit was brought against Cobbett, and a verdict of S5.000 ren- dered ag.ninst him. From i!,< liii_. ri S|iain and Prussia, the queen oil r . : . . peror of Russia, he rerrii. ! . . . his medical character. 'Ir. a m. i oi ih. Is mint from 1799 until his death. From a part of his Journal written in his 17th year, and wliich he continued through life, we derive the July, 1777, phys.-gen. He wrote 4 letters the people of Pa. on their constitution of only account of the yellow-fever of 17C2 in Phila. His writings are numerous. PiCtwcen 1789 and 1804 he wrote 5 vols, of " Medical Inquiries and Observations," which have been rejainted. His essays — literary, moral, and philos. — appeared in 1798, were revised in 1806; "Diseases of the Mind," 1812; at an early day he had pub. a vol. of " Medical Tracts," containing essays nron tf-mieraurc, health, exercise, &c. Distin'j ; : I -^ i' ;.y and piety, and was one of 1 1 1 il until his death vice.-pres., ol :.i. I 1 i.,! iJiio Society. His latest labors wxie u|iuu a uuik to have been called "The iledicine of the Bible," wliich he did not live to complete. Rush, Jacob, LL.D., ninnv vears prcs. of the C. C. P. for Pliila , 1. 17 n; ; .! t!i r.- .Tan. 5, 1820. Bro.of Dr I'. •' ^: .1 f " |-i V In Dickinson's cunir. . . . in I:. ' . ..ir on the side of the i. i . ' 1. i o.-> " Charges on Moral an. I i; i . ' ^ "Character of Christ,' I _■ , in: t . ; .• tian Baptism," 8vo, l>r.i; I: . i m- mittce Chamber," I'hiia. 1 ». . <■. 1:74. i:i:- BECCA Rush, his daw., pub. "Kelorv,' a novel, 1812. Rush, James, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1809), phy- sician, son of Dr. Renj., b. Phila. Mar. 1, 1786. d. tiarr Mav L'n, 1-nn X. J. Coll. 1805. He arlii,\.(l :i ;. . a-i a physician, but Auih.irot ■■ In .1 ilirUniuan Voice;" "Hamlet, a iJraiuai; I i ,"r-;t; "Analy- sis of the Human Im j svo, 1865; " Rhymes of Contra . ... V, i . md Folly," Svo, 1869. He left a I i a nn . .n of dollars to the Phila. Library Coniiiany tin- the erection of the " Eidgeway Branch of the Phila. Li- brary." Rush, Richard, statesman and diploma- tist, son of Dr. Benj., b. Phila. Aug. 29, 1780; d. there 3v\y 30, 1859. N. J. Coll. 1797. He studied law in Phila. ; was adm. to the bar in 1 800 ; attained considerable repute by his de- I n. I of Duane, editor of the Aurora, on a ■ of libel upon Gov. McKean ; was app. 11 of Pa. in Jan. 1811; and in Nov. r..ni|.tro||(r of the U.S. treasury; removing to Washington, he was from 1814 to 1817 atty.- gen. of the U.S. ; was tcniporarv sec. of state imder Pres. Monroe in 1817; aiid in 1817-25 was minister to Eng., negotiating several im- portant treaties, r>].ceially that of 1818 respect- ing our fi^liirir-. north I astern boundary, &c. In 1825 Pivs. .\ila]n^ r.ealled him, and made him sec. of the ii.asnry : in 1828 he was can- didate for vice.-pres. on the same ticket with Pres. Adams; in 1829 he negotiated in Hol- land an advantageous loan for the corpora- tions of Washington, Geoi-getown, and Alex- andria; in 1835 he was with Gen. Howard app. a commiss. to adjust the boundary dis- pute between Ohio and Michigan; in 1836 i'res. Jackson ap]i. him commiss. to obtain the Siniih .ni II ! ,111 y, then in the English court . : . n nas successful, and in Aug. 1-1 1 'lithe entire amount, $515,169. Mini-nito III' 1847-51. While a member of Mr. Madison's cabinet, he wrote frequently and vigorously for the newspapers in defence of the war with England ; and in 1833 wrote 789 RTTS many able letters against the U.S. Bank. In 1815 he compiled an edition of the laws of the U.S. ; in 18y3 he pub. " Memoranda of a Resi- dence at the Court of St. James ; " in 1845 a second vol., " Comprising Incidents Official and Personal from 1819 to 1825;" "Washington in Domestic Life," 1857; and in 1860 a vol. of his " Occasional Productions." Rusk, Gen. Thomas J., U. S. senator 1846-56, b. S.C.I 802; d. Nacogdoches, Texas, Jnly 29, 1 856. He practised law with success in Ga. Removed to Texas in the early part of 1835 ; was a member of the con v. that declared Texas independent in Mar. 1 836 ; was the fir.st sec. of war; participated in the battle of San Jacinto, and took com. of the army after Gen. Honston was wounded, and until the or- ganization of the const, govt, in Oct. 1836, when he was again app. sec. of war. He aiter- wards com. several expeds. against the Indians ; served in the legisl. ; and as chief justice of the Sup. Court, which office he resisncd early in 1842. In 1845 he was pres. of the conven- tion that consummated the annexation of Tex- as to the U.S. — Lanmfin. Huss, Horace P., inventor of the " Russ " pavement, b. 1820; d. Halilax, N.S., 31 Dec. 1862. He had been for some time engaged in gold mining in Nova Scotia. Eussell, Col. Bevjamis, a Boston me- chanic and jounialist, b. Sept. 13, 1761; d. Jan. 4, 1845. He learned the trade of a print- er with Isaiah Thomas. Served in the Revol. army, and while thus occupied contrib. to the columns of the Spi/, pub. at Worcester by Mr. Thomas. Establishing himself at Boston in the printing-business. Mar. 24, 1784, he com- menced the pub. of the Columbian C'entinel, a semi-weekly journal, which for a long period had no equal in controlling public sentiment. Himself a powerful writer, he was aided by contributions fi-om Ames, Pickering, Cabot, Lowell, HigginsoUj and other writers of eminent talent in the State. He withdrew from the editorship Nov. 1, 1828. He was 24 years the representative of Bcston to the General Court ; several years in the State senate; was a mem- ber of the exec, council, and of t\'c Const. Conv.ofl820; andforsouii-; i;.:ni;;!l iiuan of Boston. Hisln-o. John. : ■: i! /■..,( Gaxtt". had a son, John < . i i mil JonwB F. Russell (b. 1!^ n, .\:i . i no; d. Chicago, Jan. 7, 1861; W.'st Point, 1S18), attained rank of capt. Apr. 1830; resigned June, 1837; afterward a land-agent at Chi- cago. Russell, David Allex, brev. maj.-gen. U.S A., b. Salem, N.Y., Dec. 10, 1820; killed in battle of Opoquan, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. West Poiut, 1845. Son of David, M.C. of N.Y. 1835-41, who d. 24 Nov. 1861, a. 61. Brev. for gallantry at National Bridge and Cerro Gordo; capt. 4th Inf 22 June, 1854; mnj. 8th Inf. Aug. 9, 1862 ; lieut.-col. 7th Ms. Vols. Apr. 1861; col. 31 Jan. 1862; served through the important battles of 1862-3 ; brig - gen. Nov. 29, 1862; led the advance at the battle of Fredericksburg, and subsequently com. Howe's div. 6th corps ; disting. at Get- tysburg, and in Gen. Grant's campaign from the Kapidan to the James; was wounded in the assault on Rappahannock Station, Nov. 7, 1863; May 6, 1864, the second day's battle in the Wilderness, his coolness and bravery saved the 6th corps from destniction ; M.ty 9 he was put in com. of the 1st div. 6;h coips, and was severely wounded at Cold Har- bor; in July, 1864, he was irausferred to ibe Army of the Shenandoah ; brev. lieut.-col. for peninsular campaign; col. 1 July, 1S63, for Gettysburg ; brig.-gen. for battle of Wilderness 6 May, 1864; and bnv. maj.-gen. 19 Sept., 1861, for Opeqnan. — Cullum. Russell, Jonathan, LL.D., lawyer .ind politician, b. Providence, R.I., 1771 ; d. Milton, Ms., Feb. 16, 1832. Brown U. 1791. Bred to the law, he embarked in the pursuits of com- merce; but his taste leaned towards politics. He was several years minister-plenipo. at Stockholm from 1814 ; and was one of the five commissioners who negotiateci, the treaty of Ghent in that year. On his return to this country, he settled at Mendon, Ms., and was M.C. in 1821-3. He was a versatile, forcible, ; , - and elegant writer. With the exception of the A """ kf* 4th-of-July oration delivered in Providence in fk^^fJ^j^S^ 1800, and also his diplomatic corresp. while in \_. Paris, London, and Stockholm, Mr. Russell ' /?f*'"«^* left no pub. evidences of his literary abilities. ,>i J. \ /, . Russell, Rich \KD, came from Hereford- ''I' "'"''- shire, Eng., in 1640; d. Charlestown, May 14, /f^. ^A.jM-»-»i 1676, a. 64. He was representative in 1646; n t/ d speaker of the house 1648, '49, '54, '56, '58 ; as- - ^'^ '^ sist. 1659-76; and treasurer of the Colony 1644-76. His son James, b. Charlestown, Ms., 1 Oct. 1640, d. 28 Apr. 1709. He was a rpresent.ative in 1679; assist. 1680-6; one of Pres. Dudley's council ; member of the council of safety 1689, and a leader in the revol. movement of that day; cotmcillor under the new charter 1692 ; also a judge and treas- urer of Ms. 1680-6. Russell, Gen. William, Revol. officer, of Fincastle Co., Va. He was a gallant and efficient officer at the battle of Point Pleasant; was a member of the Va. Const. Conv. of June, 1776 ; com. a Va. regt. during the Rt vol. war; and Nov. 8, 1783, was brev. brig.-gcn. Revol. army. His .son Robert, b. 1763, d. C.-iUoway Co., Mo., 16 J.an. I!i42, served with dist. in the Revol.; afterward s-.'rved several years in the Va. legisl.; ab. 1792 settled near Lexington, Ky. ; atid in 1835 removed to Mo. He filled manv important offices in Ky. Russell, Col. William, b. Va. 175?; d. Fayette Co., Ky., July 3, 1825. At the age of 16 he became a soldier in the Revol. army ; was a lieut. in Campbell's regt. at King's Moun- tain, and rose to the rank of captain ; he served in St. Clair's exped. ; com. the advance mider Gen. Scott ; was lieut.<'ol. com. of a regt. of Ky. mounted volunteers, July 2, 1793; served under Wayne in 1794 ; col. 7th Inf. May 3, 1808 ; com. exped. against the Indians at Pimartains-to^vn, Oct. 1812; scniiig in all about 20 campaigns. He represented his county in both the Va. and Ky. legislatures. Russell, William, educationist, b. Glas- gow, Scotland, Apr. 28, 1798. He studied at the U. of Glasgow, and in 1817 came to Savan- nah, Ga., where in 1819 he became the head of the Chatham Acad. In 1822-5 he taught RTJT 790 tlie New-TowTisliip Ac^iJ. anil the New-Haven Grammar School. He next instrueted classes in elocution in Andover, Cambridge, and Boston. In 1826-9 he edited the American Journal of Education, and then removed to Germantown, Pa., where he taufrht a school for young ladies several years. He afterward taught in Pliila. and Boston and Andover. In 1840 he estalili^hf-d a ■^omin.irv for tpnr-liers in N.H.,and in I'iv! ,-.„iov. .1 ,t r.'. I.,n:.-;„ifr, Ms., wlK-re he ninv 1' -il'- :i- 'liiii'Mr iit tlir Xormal education, and ttxt-ljuul^» fur schuols, especially in reading and elocution. — AlUhone. Ruter, Maetin, D.D. (Trans. U. 1822), pres. of AniTusta Coll., Kv.. 1827-32, b. Charl- ton, Ms., Apr. 3, 1785; d. Texas, May 16, 1838. With but a common-school education, he was licensed to preach in June, l.SOl, when little more tha*16 years of a-e. by the Mcth. conf. ; was actively employed as an itinerant preacher, becoming well versed in the lan- g.uagcs, history, and science. At one time he had charge of the New-Market Wesleyan Acid., and in 1820 was app, tf. t!ie ;i_.ri. v of ;! Western Book Estn 1-1 i! i m ' i "!,,:;; He presided over Alle- ' i : i "; i: waid supt. of the new nil -iiiii . i,i !.-.. i^, l.nr soon sank under the toil and cxpo.-iurc to wiiicli ho was subjected. He pub. " Collection of Miscellaneous Pieces;" "Notes on the Ninth Chap, of Romans ; " " Sketch of Calvin's Life and Ooetrines ; " " History of Martyrs," 12mo, 1834 ; " E.eles. History," 8vo, &c. Rutgers, Tol. Hknrt, patriot and philan- llm.pi.t of N.Y. City ; d. Feb. 17, 1830, a. 84. Col. Coll. 1766. A capt. in the Revol. army, and fought at Brooklyn. His house was occu- pied by "the British as a hospital and barrack. In 1807 he delivered an address on laying the corner-stone of the D. R. Church in brchard Street. He was a useful , respected , and wealthy citizen, a decided partisan in politics, and was very cliaritable both to public and private objects. Member N.Y. Assembly, and a regent N.'Y.S. University 1802-26. Rutherford, Gen. Griffith, b. in Ire- land ; d. in Tenn. after 1794. He resided west of Salisbury, in the Locke Settlement, N.C., and in 1775 represented Rowena Co. in the con- vention at Newbern. In 1776 he led a lai-ge force into the Cherokee country, and assisted the people of S.C. in destroying their corn- fields and settlements. App. a brigadier by the Prov. Congress in Apr. 1776 ; com. a brigade in the battle near Caihdcn in Aug. 1780; was taken prisoner; and, having been c.KchanLced, com. at Wilmington when it was evacuated by the British at the close of the war. He was a State senator in 1784, and soon after removed to Tenn. ; pres. of the Tenn. legisl. council in Sept. 1794. A county in N.C.'and in Tenn. bears his name. He was brave and patriotic, but uncultivated in mind and man- Rutledge, Edward, signer of the Decl. of In. Up., b. Charleston, S.C, Nov. 23, 1749 ; d. Jan. 23, 1800. Son of Dr. John, who came from Ireland about 1735. He was the bro. of John, in whose office he studied law ; to com- plete which, in 1769 he went to Eng., and was 1. He '7/ ing an | ' place < In 179 entered at the Temple. On his return in 1773 he commenced practice, and was obtainit.g distinction, when he was chosen to the First Congress assembled at Phila. in 17^- continued a member until 1 active part in the debates. In June, 17 was app. a member of the first board of war. He was oue of the com. to confer with Lord Howe, one of the British commissioners. Again app. to Congress in 1779, be was prevented by- indisposition from taking his seat. His native State having become the theatre of war, Mr. Eutledge com. a company of art., which suc- ceeded in dislodging a party of regular troops from Port-Royal Island. In 1780 he was made prisoner at Charleston, and suffered a year's confinement at St. .\nL-n- 'ine be'nre li ■ wns exehaiit;ed. He re-: i ! :; ;i- I":': :;■■•! I'le evacnation of Cli:n'l i u i l>_ ■ ; : , a member of tlie As-'in-l, i. ,r i,r .1... ,, mm- buruugh, he assented lu the a.luptiuii ul a bill of pains and penalties, though leniently iti- clined. He then returned home, and resumed the practice of his profession. In the legisl. of tin Srite he drew up the act for the aboli- I ' the rights of iirimogenituie ; he was I to the further increase of African -;:n .\ HI the South, and an untiring advocate ot me l-'ederal Constitution. He was subse- quently col. of a regt. of art., and supplied the of Gen. Pinckney in the senate in 1794. he was elected gov. He declined a seat on the bench of the U.S. Supreme Court. Rutledge, Rev. Edwaed of S.C; d. Savannah, Ua., 1832. Y.C. 1817. Prof, moral philos. U. of Pa., and ]n-es.-clect of Transylv. U. Pub. "Family Altar," "History of the Church of England," 12mo, \62b. — Allthone. Rutledge, Francis Huger, D.D. (Hob. Coll. 1844), Prot.-Epis. bishop of Florida, b. Charleston, S.C, 1799; d. Tallahassee, Fla., 6 Nov. 1866. Y.C. 1821. Son of Chancellor Hugh. He studied in the Prot.-Ej.i.s. Gen. Thcol. Sein.; was ord. deacon in 1823, piiest 20 Nov. 1825, and bishop 15 Oct. 1851. He became rector of Trin. Church, St. Augustine, in 1839, and in 1845 of St. John's Church, •Tallahassee. — Y. C. Ohit. Uvrord. Rutledge, Ihdn.eMrr hm .)f Edward; d. Jan. 1811. In \::u li. l^.^, ;i|,p judge of the S.C. Court u! .\.iinna'iy, n, 1:77 was speaker of the leui-l. c oiim il, and in 1782-5 of the h. of representatives, having in 1780 shared his brother's captivity at St. Augustine. From 1791 till his death he was chancellor of the State. Rutledge, John, bro. of Edward, states- man and jurist, b. of Irish parentage, Charles- ton, S.C, 1739 ; d. July 23, 1800. He studied law at the Temple, Lond. ; returned to Charles- ton in 1761, and attained at once prominent rank as an advocate. He was a lead in l; inem- ber of the Stamp-act Congress at N.Y. m 17G5, and of the S.C! convention in 1774, by wliieh he was chosen a delegate to the Congress at Phila. He successfully resisted the attempt to limit the powers of the delegates, sustained in Congress the boldest measures, and was pronounced by Patrick Henry the greatest orator there. He was re-appointed to Congress in 1775; and in the S.C. convention of 1776 was chiiiiman of the com. which prepared the constitution of that State, and was wiUiuiit o)))iosiiiou elected pres. of the new govt. W!an B\.rt Moultrie was attacked by the Brit- ish in June, Rutledge, against the advice of Gen. Lee, sent to it 500 lbs. of powder, and di- rected Moultrie not to evacuate it without an order from bim ; adding, " I would sooner cut otF my right hand than write one." He re- signed in 1778, but, on the approach of the Brit- ish in 1779, was chosen gov., and clothed with dictatorial power. When in 1 780 Charleston fell, Huilcdge retired to N.C., and for nearly two years acconip. and aided the Southern army. iHe was elected to Congress in 1782, having retired from the governorship ; was chosen chancellor of the State in March, 17S4: and, while holding that oflBoc. 1» r dn. :i m, inlur of the conv. for framing the I ■ , i , utinn, in which he bore a prom 111 i i 1 1, m I in the State convention strnnvl. ; i ■:■ ratifi- cation. In Sept. i:--'! I .|.]i, ail asjoc.. judge of the U. S ' i :; which office he resigned in 17.1 1 ...i, ricctcd chief justiceof S.C. I:i.J...;,, ITj.j. W .iliington app. him chief justice of tlic U.S., and he presided at the succeeding terra of the Supreine Court; but the .senate, on assembling in Dec, for poli- tical rc.T-"ns rrfii^r,! t" cnnlivm th'> nnpoint- whicli .,1 ., I!. V.., ,,, !,;,_ Ibr eloquciic. , ..nioiuu i.l I Iku-.uili-, ai..l iiii.._ritv. His son Gen. Joh.x, M.C. 17'J7-1603, d. Thila. Sept. 1, 1819, a. 53. Kuxton, George Feederick, an Eng- lish traveller, b. 1820 ; d, St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 29, 1848. At the age of 17 be left the military coll. of Sandhurst to enlist in the Spanish army against Don Carlos, and rendered valuable services. On his return to Eng. in 1839, be received a lieutenant's commission in the 89th, with which he went to Canada, but, soon re- signing, fpent some years among the Intliiins and Inritliewav. < iihnlie divine, andJli.-, ... I. afrerwai.iii.:.. toMexicu; aim m . ; . iortheliockvMi'i Ryder, J.^m > • i ' i and scholar, b. 1 in i .n, Jan. 12, 1860. He .aiuo 1813 entered the noviti; Jesus, and for 5 years st Coll.; in 1820 he wcnl studied theology 5 years. After his ordination in 18125, be was a teacher of theology and the Scriptures in the Coll. of Spoleto for three years; returned to America, and was for several years vice-pres. of Georgetown Coll. In 1839 he was pastor of the cong. of St. Joseph's Church, Phila., and afterward of St. John's Church, Frederick, Md. From 1840 to 1845, and from 1843 to 1851, he was pres. of George- town Coll.; and from 1846 to 1848, pres. of the Coll. of the Holy Cross at Worcester, Ms. He was exceedingly popular as a lecturer and pulpitorator. A contrib. to the " Encyclopoedia Americana ; " and some of his discourses have bein printed. — Hist. Magazine, iv. 94. Ryer.son, Armi.puus Egerton, D.D., (W. I I I - IJ 1.1,1)., clergyman anil cduca- tiuni-:. I. I A.Ur.U.C, March 24, 1803. Hl^ I I ' ].h was a half-pay officer in til. Kiiii^li .. 1 u.e in the Amer. llevol., and eniigiatid to N. Brunswick, and afterward to Canada in 1793. The son became a teacher; in 1825 was ord. deacon in the M. E. Church of Canada, and for the 4 years following officiat- ed as an itinerant minister; in 1829, after that church became independent, lie aided 'in es- tablishing, and for some years edited, the Guar- dian, its official organ ; in 1841 he was app. principal of the U. of Coburg ; ajip. in 1844 snpt. of public schools fur Upper Canada; now (1871) pres. Victoria Coll. The year 1845 he spent in the U.S., studying the methods of public elementary education. In 1849 he pub. a report of bis tour, and prejiared the ijill which now forms the basis of the Upper-Canada common-school system. Dr. Ryeison has pre- pared a history of Canada and of the " United- Empire Loyalists." Sabin, Joseph, bibliographer, b. Braun- ston, Eiv.r 1S-_)| Sn v.vir< n l,r„,ks,.|l,.r in Oxfi.i.i, '....I .i-...' I -r-^ ill \. V ^ ...' In 1867 / , \«X S. he I ijoks begun bv Sa Sabine, Elijah 1! V Sel't-i. 1... •. bin & Sons, LoiiKNZO 1. 1 i-l..-.n. 1 Jan. , hist. N If. "c."oi ".. I; ' ' l: • a ninhl.cr ■ .11, '. i- maquoildy;' agent of tb. 1851--! An li.i. i.'i . . r - ■1..,: .,1 . 1 Bililioi.u.ist " was 18&'J. -- Alllhone. writer (son of , I'M. -.'S, 1803. d, 1 i; . ■: wasfbr . ..piently II. .Ill Ij.istport; ir port of Passa- ilie position of and was M.C. in i.nimodorePre- r.iog.;""The I 1..2 vols. 1864; ,')■.; and "Notes . ; and has been 11.1 to theCAris. .1 was conferred Colleges. Sept. e^s on the 100th a contiib. to tli . i Examiner, 'li.. . _ upon bimby ll.i.i n 13, 1859, be dciivered anniv. of the death of Gen. Wolfe, before the N.E. Hist, and Geneal. Soc, Boston ; pub. soon after with notes. Resides In Boston. Sacket, Delos B., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.y. West Point, 1845. Entering the 2d Dragoons, he served in Mexico, and was brev. for Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma ; capt. 1st Cav. 3 Mar. 1855 ; maj. 31 Jan. 1861 ; lieut.-col. 2d Cav.3 May, 1861; col. and insp.- gen. 1 Oct. 1861. He served through the Pen- insular and Md. campaigns on McClcllan's staif, and on that of Gen. Burnside at the bat- tle of Fredericksburg ; and was brev. brig, and maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865.— CiiHnm. Sadlier, M.\rt Ax.m; (Madi.kn), au- thoress, b. CcH,!. I.:;: r.x n. C. .. Irelan.l, Dec. 31, 320. London. tribute to /./ ,' 1 After the dcaili ..| h- r i r. nrs, she with a younger bro. sctlled in Montreal, where she pub "Tales of the Olden Time." In 1846 she m. Mr. James Sadlier, Catholic publisher, nnd now resides in N.Y. She has wi-ittcn Catholic tales, and contrib. to leading Catholic papers in America. — See list of lier works in Kellii's Amer. Cat. of Books, 1866. SafiFold, REnBEN, jurist, b. Wilkes Co., Ga., Sept. 4, 1788; d. Dallas Co., Ala., Feb. 15.1847. After practising law in Ga., he in 1813 removed to Jackson, Ala., where, during the Indian troubles, he com. a vol. company, serving also several times in the Terr, legisl. of Mpf. ; was in 1819 in the State Const. Conv. ; in Dec. 1819 was app. one oF the cir- cuit judges, becoming also a member of the Supreme Court; in 1832 was one of the 3 judges app. to the Supreme bench, of which, in 183.5-6, he was chief justice. Tr,u5iAN Ht.NKY, mathematician . l;.. ,:i;,iu,\-i i-.hm.l836. II.U. .. ,n reniarUablc. , , ■ ; :\ mentally four !■ li^iii,-. ,1- I ■•.\'f':\y ;is it could be itc and pencil, and could also cx- and a; 1854. In hi-, figur. done ' tract the square and cube roots of 9 or 10 places of figures. His first almanac was pro- pared in 1845, at the age of nine and a half years. At 14 he astonisheil the learned world by the production of the elliptic elements of the first comet of 1849. By a method of his own, young Safford abridged the labor of cal- culating moon risings and settings by one- fourth, and that of calculating eclipses by one- third. He required the longest and most dif- ficult question to be read to him but once, and his answers were usually given without eflFojt or fatigue. Prof. Pierce said of him in 1846, that his knowledge and the capacity to acquire it " is accompanied with powers of abstraction and concentration rarely possessed at any ago except by minds of the highest order." In Mar. 1863 he was made adjunct observer at the Cambridge Observatory , acting director iu Feb. 1865 ; and 28 Dec. 1865 he became direct- or of the Chicago Observatory, which post he yet holds. In 1863 he determined the right ascension of 1,700 stars, and the declination of 450. In 1365 he observed over 6,000 transits, an extensive series of which, commenced in 1862, is completed. After the death of Prof. G. P. Bond, 17 Feb. 1865, the incomplete re- port of his valuable discoveries in the constel- lation of Orion was written out in full by Mr. Saflford.con.stitntlng the 5th vol. of the Annals of the Oljservatory. — See Ladies' Repos., Ciii., 1849, for arc. ofthediff. examinations of yow,<, Safford, nnd notice of his Ufa. Safford, William H., b. Parkersburg, Va., 1821 ; m 1848 removed to Chillicothe, 0. ; member Ohio senate 1858-60. Author of "Life of Blennerhassett," 12mo, 1850; "The Blennerhassett Papers," 8vo, 1864. — AlUbone. Sahagun de (da saagoon'), Bernar- dino, a Franciscan friar, b. Sahagun, Spain ; a missionai-y to Mexico in 1529; d. 1590. Au- thor of a valuable history, " Historia Univer- sal de Nueva Espaiia," first pub. in Mexico in 1829. St. Clair, Arthur, maj.-gen. Kevol. army, b. Thurso, Caithness, Scotland, 1734 ; d. Greens- burg, Pa., 31 Aug. 1818. U. of Edinb. Grandson of the Earl of Roslyn. He studied medicine with the celebrated John Hunter in Lond., but, inheriting a large sum of money on the death of his raotlicr, purchased an ensigncy 60th Foot, 13 May, 1757 ; came in Boscawen's fleet to Amer. in 1758 ; served under Amherst at the taking of Louisburg ; was made a licut. 17 Apr. 1759 ; and was disting. under Wolfe at Quebec. May 14, 1760, he m. at Boston Phe- hi, dau. of Balthazar Bayard and Mary Bow- doin, a half-si-ter of Gov. James Bowdoin. Rr.._.|H I 1,1 rMNi. 16 Apr. 1762, and in 1764 setL I filler Valley, Pa., where lie (i\' I i i , .: , -J a fine residence. App. in 1 ; 7' I - 1, > y i -1 1 he Dist. of Cumberland ; a justii L- i-if the Court of Quarter Sessions and of C.C.P., and a member of the proprietary council ; in 1771 a justice, recorder, clerk of the orphans' court, and prothoiiotarv of Bed- ford, and in 1773 of W, -ihmm ,,:ii,f County. In July, 1775, he becaiii ■: , n, :.i, and in the fall acconip. a< ,- < - n.-i-ioners, James Wilson. Lew, s M,.in- :m,J In. Walker, to treat with the Western lnl.es at Fort Pitt; col. 2d Pa. Regt. 3 Jan. 1776, ordered to Cana- da Feb. 16; joined Sullivan, and, after the disastrous affair at Three r.iver.-, iiiiled that ofiicer by his counsel in saviii'^ his army from capture; brig.-gen. 9 -Viiu 177i.; i.im gen. 19 Feb. 1777. In Jan. 177i., St ('h.lr le-i-ned all his lucrative civil oftiies. JumiiiL; Washing- ton in Nov. 1776, he was at onre app. to or- ganize the N.J. militia. He recommended in council on the night of 2 Jan. 1777 the flank- movement which brouuht on the battle of vie'"'. "•':'.:''. I '^:l ^ .:■■•: .\ -lii'i -u'k. Af- ter,,.::\,:..._ :..:•.,-■..,■ I „ • .,-u,es of adj. -.4-11. ul ilie anuv, Ir- vi }■[.:] i - feeeded Gates in com. at Plula . .unl .\i r I i,„,k com. of Tieonderoga, whieli. on ilie nulit nl' 4 July, he was obliged to evaluate jus heee being whoUe ina.le.|nnte I., i:, .1. Iriiee. A COurt- mail-ll.M ,,i S.:,, 177 ,|,..;,i,e,l tl,at"Maj.- tieli ~- ' .1 I I I n nil I he highest li„m:i . ; . ;i,,,^ , _.i .■; inin." Though nnem|..iAi>!, la .U.eieiKe lu [he puhlie clamor against liini, he remaineJ one of Wasldngton's military family, .acting as his vol. aide at IJran- dywine (Sept. II, 1777); assisted Sullivan in )jre|Kuing his exped. against the Si.\ Nations ; was one of the commiss. to arrange a cartel with the British at Amboy 9 Mar. 1780 ; Aug. 1 was app. to com. the corps of light inf. in the absence of Lafayette ; was a member of the court-martial which condemned Maj. An- dre ; com. at West Point from Oct. 1 ; aided in suppressing the mutiny in the Pa. line in Jan. 1781 ; was active in raising and forward- ing troops to the South; and in Oei, joined Washington, and participated in the capture of Cornwallis at Yorktowii. In Nov. he was placed in com. of a body of troops to effect a junction with Greene, and remained in the South until Oct. 1782. Member of the Pa. council of censors 1783; delegate to Con- gress 2 Nov. 1785-28 Nov. 1787; pres. of that body 2 reb.-2S Nov. 1787 ; chosen a member Amer. Philos. Soc. 1786; app. gov. N.W. Terr. 1 Feb. 1788; made a treaty with Indian tribes at Fort Harmar in 1789; Jan. 1790 lie fixed the seat of justice of the Terr, at Cincin- nati, giving it the name in honor of the soc. of (93 which he was pres. for Pa. in 1 783-9 ; app. gen.-in-cliief of the army 4 Mar. 1791, he moved against the Indians of the Miami and the Wabash, suffering so severely from gout as to have to be carried about on a litter. Tlie proximity of the foe was communicated by tlie scouts on the night of Nov. 3 lo Gen. Biuler, 2d in com., but not to St. Chiir. About sun- rise on the morning of the 4tli, ati attacli was made by the Indians; and, in spite of St. Clair's exertions, he was defeated, losing 600 men out of a force of 1,400. A lom. of investigation, app. by Congress, after a thorough examina- tion, completely vindicated him. Ho resigned his generalcy 5 Mar. 1792, and 22 Ni.v. 1802 he was removed from his governorship by Jef- ferson. Retiring to a small log-hou.se on the summit of Chestnut Ridge, he passed the re- mainder of his days in poverty, vainly endeav- oring to effect a settlement of his claims against the govt. The legisl. of Pa. in 1813 granted him an annuity of S400, and a short time before his death he received a pension from the govt, of $60 per month. He pub. a narr. of his campaign of 1791, with observations on the statements of the sec. of war, 1812. — A. T. Goodman's Memoir, from St. Clair's paprrs. St. Leger, Col. BAnHY, a British officer; d. in 1789. He entered the array, Apr. 27, 1756, as ensign 28th Foot ; accomp. his regt. to Amer. in 1 757 ; served at the siege of Louis- burg in 1758 ascapt. in the4Sth, and afterwards under AVolfe at Quebec. In July, 1760, he was app. brigade major; became major of the 95th, Sept. 16, 1662 ; lieut.-col. May, 1772 ; in May, 1775, was app. to the 34th Foot, and was sent soon after to Canada. He com. the unsuccess- ful exped. against Fort Schuyler in Aug. 1777, intended to co-operate with Burgoyne, when he held the local rank of brigadier, and be- came a col. in Nov. 1780. Saint Simon (siin se'-m6n'), Claude Anxe, JIarquis de, a Spanish gen., b. at the Castle of La Faye, France, 1743 ; d. 3 Jan. 1819. He studied at the school of artillery at Strasl)urg; disting. himself in Flanders; was made cliief of brig.ide of the body-guard of the king of Poland in 1758; Jan. 2, 1770, brigadier; Sept. 12, Chevalier of St. Louis; Aug. 4, 1771, col. of the regt. of Poitiers, and of that of Touraine June 29, 1775. At the close of 1779 he sailed with his regt. for Mar- tinique, and sustained during the voyage 3 ac- tions with Rodney; Mar. f, 1780, he entered the service of Spain as mare'chal-de-camp, and was sent to America with a corps of 2,000 men, which he com. during the remainder of the war, receiving several wounds, aud contrib. to the successful siege of Yorktown. A de]). to the st;ites-gen. in 1789 ; he returned to Spain, and at the affair of Irun received a ball through his neck ; soon afterwards made lieut.- gen. ; he was again wounded by a ball in the breast while defending the position of Argensu ; and in 1808, when the French attacked Madrid, defended it courageously, but was made pris- oner, and condemned to death, which sentence was afterward commuted at the intercession of his dau. After the re-establishment of Ferdinand VII., in 1814, Saint Simon returned to Spain, and was madecapt.-gen. and a grandee of Spain. Saint Vallier (siln' va'-Ioa'), Jean Bap- TISTE DE Lacroix, Chevkieee de, seconil bishop of Quebec, b. Grenoble, Nov. 14, 1653; d. Quebec. Dec. 26, 1727. He was chaplain to Louis XIV. in 1684, when he was app. vicar- gen, by Bishop de Laval. He arrived in Can- ada July 30, 1685; returned to Paris in Nov. 1687; was consec. bishop of Quebec Jan. 25, 1688; and in Aug; returned to Canada. He foimded the Gen. Hospital of Qnebec ; revisit- ed France; and on his return to Can'ftda, in July, 1704, was captured by the English, and rem'ained prisoner until 1709. He pub. in Paris in 1688, " £tat present de I 'Sqlise et de la Colonic Francoise dans la Nourelle France," also pub. under the title of " Relation des Mis- sions de In Nourelle France." Salaberry, Col. Charles Michel, d'I- HAMEERKY, Soigueur de Chambly et de Beau- lac, a Canadian soldier, born at the Manor House of Beauport, Canada, Nov. 19, 1778; d. Chambljr, Feb. 26, 1829. Son of a member of the legisl. council, and descended from a noble family of Navarre. Entering the army young, he served 11 years in the W. Indies; was at the conquest of Martinique in 1795; became aide-de-camp to Gen. de Rottenburg, and served in the Walcheren exped. ; returning to Canada, he organized the Voltigeurs; re- pulsed Dearborn's forces at Lacolle, at the close of 1812; and at Chateauguay, Oct. 26, 1813, gained a decisive victory over Gen. Wade Hampton. For these services he received a gold medal, the order of the Bath, and the thanks of the prov. legisl. He was afterward a senator, at the same time entering the legisl. council as Moii'scij" r-nr Plt-s--'-- — .lA.iv;a». Salomon, I ;i -. I n m i !m; l. r-ar Hal- berstadt, Pin- ., \ : i _. !: ir. lived his early eduLMi. ,1 ,,, /,,. _..., . .i::i ihere; becameagovtsui VL_,ui , Mi.c.i m i.n; i'mssian art. ; and in 1848 became a pupil in the Royal Berlin Acad, of Architecture. He soon after emigrated to the U.S. with his bro. Wm. (gov. of Wis. 1862-3); settled at Manitowoc, Wis., where he was a surveyor ; was 4 years register of deeds, and chief engr. on the Manitowoc and Mpi. Railroad until 1859 ; in the spring of 1861 he became capt. in the 5th Mo. Vols., and served under Sigel in the battle of Wil- son's Creek ; col. 9th'Wis. Vols, in Aug. 1861 ; brig.-gen. July 16, 1862, and assigned to a brigade in Kansas. Salomon, Hatne. financier, li. of Hebrew parents at Lissa, Poland, ab. 1740; d. Pliila., 1785. Emig. to Amer. before the Revol., he established himself as a merchant and banker in Phila., and accumulated a large fortune, which he devoted to the use of the Americans during the war. He negotiated the war subsi- dies obtained from France and Holland ; acted as paym.-gen. of the French forces in Amer. At the time of his death, the govt, was indebted to Mr. Salomon 8400,000. His descendants have urged the claim, which has been several times favorably reported upon by committees of Congress. Salnave, Silvain, pres. of the repub. of Havti, b. city of Cape Haytien, 1832 ; execut- ed at Port-au-Prince, Jan. 10, 1870. Entering the army as a common soldier, he was a capt. 794 of cavrvhy, when, in Dec. 1858, Geffranl over- threw the emperor Soulouque. Salnuve, though chiefly instrumental in this revolution, was re- warded only with the rank of inaj. Again his services were conspicuous in the repulse of the Spanish invading army; and, feeling himself aggrieved by the course of Geffrard, he com- menced a revolutionary movement, which drove the former from Hayti, and raised him to pow- er in Mar. 1867. Another revolution, begun in Nov. 1869 by Domingue and Saget, resulted in his overthrow and death. Salter, Richaed, D.D. (Y.C. 1782), min- ister of Manstield, Ct., from June 27, 1744, to his death, Apr. 14, 1787; b. Boston, 1723. II.U. 1739. He had studied both medicine and theology. He gave to Yale Coll. a farm worth S2, 000 to promote the study of Hebrew and other languages. Salter, William D., N.Y. 1794; d. EH^nl":li Midshipm. Nov master. Mar. commo. (retiiv^l yard no. U.S.N., b. Jan. 5, 1869. " ' •. Dec. 9, 1814; Mur. 3, 18.39; i ' i. I -1)1*. He served 111 hvv action with 19, 1812. Performed 'in. the Brooklyn navy- 1 8G.3-6 was a commiss. lie war department. Saltonstall, Dodlet, eommo. in the Con- tinental navy, b. Sept. 8, 1738 ; d. 1796, in the W. Indies. Son of Gen. Gurdon S. Capt. of " The Alfred," in Hopkins's fleet, Feb. 1776. Saltonstall, GuRDOx,clergvman,and gov. of Ct. from 1707 till his death,' Oct. 1, 1724; b. Haverhill, Ms., Mar. 27, 1666. H.U. 1684. Ord. minister of N. London, Nov. 25, 1691. His father Col. Nathan was grandson of Sir Richard. He was disiing. as an orator, divine, and statesman, and bequeathed to H.U. £1,000 to educate students for the ministry. Saltonstall, Gdkdon, b. Dec. 22, 1708; d. Norwich, Ct., Sept. 19, 1785. Y.C. 1725. Made brig.-gen. Ct. forces 10 Sept. 1776; cashiered 7 Oct. 1779 for misconduct in. the Penobscot expedition. Saltonstall, Leverett, LL.D. (H. U. 1838), lawyer and scholar, b. Haverhill, Ms., June 13, 1783 ; d. Salem, Mav 8, 1845. H.U. 1802. Son of Dr. Nathaniel. Educated at Phillips Acad, and at H.U. Commenced the practice of law at Salem in 1805, and soon secured a large and profitable business. State senator in 1831 ; mavor of Salem 1836-8 ; M. C. 1838-43. Member of the Ms. Hist. Soc. as well as of the Acad, of Arts aiid Sciences. In his will he made provision for increasing the libraries of Phillips Acad, and H. U. Au- thor of an " Hist. Sketch of Haverhill," in Ms. Hist. Colls., iv., 2d series. Saltonstall, Sir Richard, one of the fathers of Ms. Colony, and ancestor of those bearing that name in N. England, b. Halifax, Eng., 1586; d. Eng. ab. 1658. Son of Sir Richard, lord-mayor of London in 1597; came over with Gov. Winthrop in 1630 ; was an as- sist, in that year, and commenced with Mr. Phillips the settlement of Watertown, but re- turned, discouraged, to Eng. the next year. A liberal Puritan, he was through life the friend of the Colony, and also a patentee of Ct. In 1051 he wrote a letter to Cotton and Wilson, re- proving the tyraun) and persecutions in N.E., "as that they fined, whipped, and imprisoned men for their consciences." His son Richard, b. at Woodsome, Yorkshire, 1610, d. at Hulme, Eng., Apr. 29, 1694, a. 84. Settled at Ipswich, and was an assist, in 1637. He protested against the introduction of negro slavery, and was the friend of Goffe and Whalley. Saltonstall, Richard, jurist, b. Haver- hill, June 14,1703; d. Oct. 20,1756. H.U. 1722. Nephew of the gov. ; was a representa- tive from Haverhill as early as 1728; subse- quently a member of the council ; and was in 1736 app. a judge of the Superior Court, which he resigned a few months before his death, on account of ill health. Chairman of the com. for settling the boundary-line between Ms. and N.H. 1737. He was a scientific ami iiractical farmer. Of his sons, Richard (b. 5 Apr. 1732, d. Kon-injtnr, Kiil-,. 1 Ort. 17S5, H.U. 1751) was a (-! ii-:,' 1 • ih h w.ir ( I 7.->6-60), sheriff of K-- . i i ; , - ,i Im ,i i^t went to Eng., when I , a |. ;,,:m,,. " NArilANIEL, adi-r I'i ■ , i-aui.Hut Haverhill, b. 10 Pel' i: ! V.1815; H.U. 1766. Lev- Eui I : , i! 17.")4) became a capt., served uii'Im I ".,:«,, , , and d. N.Y. 20 Dec. 1782. Salvert, PiiuuiLR on, gov. of La. 1726- 32. In 1730 he led an army against the Natchez, and utterly subjugated that nation. He held a commiosion in the marine, and was a knight of St. Louis ; on returning to France he was rewarded for his services with the rank of lieut.-gen. In 1755 he was sent in com. of a fleet for the protection of St. Domingo, and served at the head of a squadron in the war declared in 1756. — 0' Callarjiinn. Sampson, Deborah, who served 3 years as a soldier in the Revol. armv, b. PIvmpton, Ms., 17 Dec. 1760; d. 29 Apr- 1827. Her poverty and her patriotism led her to enlist in the 4th Ms. Regt. under the name of Robert Shurtleff'. She was wounded in a skirmish at Tarrytown ; was present at Yoiktown; and after the war m. Benjamin Gannett, a farmer of Sharon, and received a pension. She pub. "Female Review" (12rao, Dedham, 1797), probably written by herself. A new ed., with introd. and notes by Rev. John A. Vinton, was pub. 1866. Sampson, Rev. Ezra, clergvman and author, b. Middleborough, Ms., 12 Feb. 1749 ; d. N. York City, 12 Dec. 1823. Y. C. 1773. Settled at Plympton, Ms., 15 Feb. 1775, and of- ficiated as chaplain in the army at Cambridge in the 1 St Revol. campaign ; dismissed 4 A]n-. 1 796. He settled at Hudson 1797, and associated himself in 1801^ with Rev. Harry Croswell in the editorship of the Balance, one of the first literary journals of the country. Pub. " Beau- ties of the Bible," 1802 ; "Historical Diction- ary," " The Sham Patriot Unmasked," 1803 ; and " The Brief Rcmarker," a series of es- says collected from the Hartford Courant, and pub. 1820, repub. in 1835; also a "Sermon to Soldiers," 1775. Besides his clerical of- fices, he has sustained with ability several judi- cial and scientific appointments ; app. judge of the Columbia Co. Court in Apr. 1814. — 6'ee Sampso7i Family, by Vinton. 795 Sampson, Francis S., D.D., b. 1814 ; d. 1854. U. of Va. 1836. Ord. 1841. Prof, of Orient, languages in the Va. Theol. Sera, in 1848. He was a scholar of repute, and author of a Coininentary on the Hebrews, 1856. Sampson, William, lawyer and author, b. Londonderry, Ireland, 1763; d. at N.Y. Dec. 27. 1836." Son of an Episcopal clergy- man. One of the " United Irishmen," and a refugee from his native land ; he came to N.Y. in 1807, and established himself in the practice of the law. He pub. his Memoirs, 1807; a report on a trial for libel, 1807 ; speech on the trial of James Cheetham, 1810 ; trial of Jour- neymen Cordwainers ; " Is a Whale a Fish 7 " being a report, &c., 1819; Discourse before N.Y. Hist. Societv, 1824; "Sampson against the Philistines," 8vo, 1805 ; " Catholic "Ques- tion in America," 1813. A collection of his miscellaneous writings appeared in 1808. Samson, George Whitefield, D.D. (Col. Coll., D.C., 18.58), Baptist divine; b. Harvard, Ms., Sept. 29, 1819. Brown U. 1839; Newton Theol. Inst. 1843. Pastor of the 4i St. Baptist Church, Washington, D.C., tillOet.1849; pres.of Col. Coll., D.C., 1859-71. In 1843 he pub. a series of letters on Egypt, Palestine, and Italy, besides several articles on Goshen, Mt. Sinai, &c., in reviews ; and in 1852 a work entitled " To Daimonian," repub., much enlarged, in 1860, under the title of " Spiritualism Tested ; " " Elements of Art- Criticism," Svo, 1867; "Outlines of the His- tory of Ethics," 1860 ; "Physical Media in Spiritual Manifestations," 1869. He has also written several hist, pamphlets, and critical essays on art. Sandeman, Kobekt, originator of the sect called Sanderaanians, b. Perth, Scotland, 1718; d. Danbury, Ct., Apr. 2, 1771. He studied at Edinburgh, and afterwards engaged in the linen-trade. On marrying the dau. of the Rev. John Glass, he became an elder in his congregation ; and soon after pub. a series of letters addressed to Mr. Hervey on his " Theron and Aspasio." His views excited much controversy ; and those .who adopted them formed themselves into church order, in strict fellowship with the Church of Scotland, but holding communion with no other. The chief opinions and practices in which this sect differs from others are their weekly adminis- tration of the Lord's Supper, washing each other's feel, &c. In 1 762 he established a socie- ty in London. In 1764 Sandeman accepted an invitation to New England; established a societv at Boston in that year; and settled in Danbury, Ct., in July, 1765. His sect still exists in both countries. Author of "Cor- respondence with S. Pike," " Thoughts on Christianity," "The Sign of the Prophet Jonah," " Marriage opposed to all Impurities," " On Solomon's Song," &c. The Sandeinani- ans were mostly loyalists, and gave the Whigs no little trouble. Sanders, Daniel Clarke, D.D. (H.U. 1799), Unitarian clergvrtfnn, b. Sturbridge, Ms., Mav 3, 1768; d. Medfield, Ms., Oct. 18, 1850. H.U. 1788. He was preceptor of Cam- bridge grammar-school ; studied theology ; was ord. and settled at Vergennes, Vt., June 12, 1794 ; was, at his own request, dism. in 1799, and removed to Burlington ; pres. of the U. of Vt. from Oct. 17, 1801, to March 24, 1814 ; pas- tor of the church at Medfield, Ms., from May 24, 1815, to May 17, 1829. His last public discourse was delivered April 30, 1848, at Sher- burne, and was a eulogy on John Quincy Adams. More than 30 of his discourses have been pub. In 1828 he pub. a " History of the Indian Wars," 12rao. Member of the Ms. Const. Conv. of 1820. Sanders, Elizabeth (Elkins), of Salem, Ms. (1762-1851), m. Thos. Sanders in 1782. She was a corresp. of eminent persons, and was esteemed for good sense and benevolence. She pub. " Conversations on the Aborigines," 1828; "First Settlers of N.E.," 1829 ; " Ee- views," 12mo, 1841. — AUibone. Sanders, Gex. William P., b. Kv. ; d. Kno.xville.Tenn., Nov. 19, 1863. West Point, 1856. Entering the 1st Dragoons, he became capt. 6th Cav. May 14, 1861, and took an ac- tive part in the Peninsular and Md. campaigns; col. 5th Ky. Vols. 4 Mar. 1863 ; was engaged in the pursuit of Morgan's raiders, July-Aug. 1863, and performed valuable senice in the West; made brig.-gen. 18 Oct. 1863, and as- signed to the com. of the 1st div. of cav. in E. Tenn. ; and engaged at Blue Lick Springs, Lenoir, and at Campbell's Station, where he was mortally wounded 16 Nov. 1863. Sanderson, John, author, b. Carlisle, Pa., 1783 ; d. Phila. 5 Apr. 1844. In 1806 he studied law in Phila., and was a teacher in Clermont Sem. He was a contrib. to the Port- folio and other periodicals ; and after his re- turn from a European visit in 1835 was prof, of Greek and Latin in the Phila. High School. With his bro. J. M. Sanderson, he wrote the " Lives of th.- .Siuncrs of tlic D.-rl. nf Indep.," 9 Vii'; R'.r, 1--2': :il-r. air'i-.i- of- S' .ii'hcsof P:.;;- ■' ■ ■■ ■ li ■ '■ ■ l.i .-rature a^ ;. i: I ; . - , >. ' ,-:• To thr h ■■ ' .' - 1/ • ; hr r,,iiln:-, -nw sketch- Sandford, Edward, an eminent lawyer of N.Y., b. Ovid, N.Y., 1809 ; perished in the steamship " Arctic," on the American coast, Sept. 27, 1854. Losing his father at the age of 10, he was much indebted to his bro. Lewis H. for the formation of his character. After an icademical training, he went, at the age of 1 5, to Albany ; became a teacher and lecturer in the Reus. Inst. ; studied law; began practice in New York in 1 833 ; and at the age of 33 was app. judge of the Criminal Court in that city, subsequently returning to the bar, at which he held high rank ; member N.Y. senate 1843. Contrib. to the Knickerbocker and other period- icals. Sandford, Lewis H., jurist, b. Onondaga Co., N.Y., ab. 1806; d. Toledo, 0., 1852, of cholera. Bro. of Edward. He acquired his profession at Syracuse ; removed to N.Y. City in 18.33 ; was made assist, vice-chancellor of the first circuit in March, 1843; vice-chan- cellor, 1846 ; and was from 1847 till his death assoe. justice of the Superior Court. Five vols, have been pub. of his " Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of the City of N.Y. ; " 4 vols, of N.Y. Chancery Bepo'rts, 1843-7; s-AJsr 796 and also a Catalogue of tlio Library of the N.Y. Law Institute. Sands, Alexander Hamilton, coiinsel- lor-at-la\v, Richmond, Va. ; b. Williamsburg, Va., 1828. VVm. and Marv Coll. Author of " History of a Suit in Equity," 1854 ; " Rec- reations of a Southern Barrister," I860. He edited the Qmit. Law Rei>. (Richmond), cou- trib. to periodicals, and pub. some law-treatises. — AUilioi,r. Sands, Bexjamin F., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Md. Feb. II, 1812. Midshipm. Apr. 1, 1828 ; licut. March 16, 1840; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; conuno. July 25,1866; rear-adm. 24 May, 1871 ; attached to coast- eiirvey 1836-41 and 1851-8; at the capture of Tabasco, Me.^co, June 15, 1847; com. coast- surrey steamer "Active " 1861-2 ; com. steam- sloop "Dacotah," N. Atl. block, squad., 186.3; engagement with Fort Caswell, Feb. 23, 1863; com. steamer "Fort Jack.son," N. Atl. block, squad., 1864-5 ; in both attacks on Ft. Fisher; on blockade of Wilmington, most of the time senior officer; com. that diyision from Nov. 1862 to Feb. 1865 ; app. sunt. Naval Observatory 8 May, imT. — Hamersli/. Sands, David, a minister of the Friends, b. Long Island, Oct. 4, 1745 ; d. Cornwall, N.Y., June, 1818. He at first engaged in mercantile pursuits, but, embracing the Quaker faith, mar- ried into that sect, and commenced his public until he wa.3 60 years of age, he. discharged his mission in Europe among the English, Scotch, Irish, and also upon the Continent, particu- larly in Germany and France. An account of his life was pub. 1848, 12mo. Sands, Joshua R., rear-admiral U.S.N., b. New York. Son of Joshua, M.C. 1803-4 and 1825-7. Midshipm.JimelS, 1812; lieut.Apr. 1, 1818; com. Feb. 23, 1840; capt. Feb. 25, 1854; commo. (retiredlist) July 16, 1862; roar- adm. July 25, 1866; served tmder Chauncey, on Lake Ontario, in the war of 1812, and ac- tively engaged at the capture of Little York and JFort Geoi"ge ; com. "The Vixen" during the Mexican war, serving at Alvarado, Tabas- co, Vera Ciiiz, Tampieo, and Tuspan, and sent home with despatches, trophies, &c. ; com. sloop-of-war "Alleghany," E. I. squad., 1853; sloop "Susquehanna," Medit. squad., 1857-3; Brazil squad. 1860; light-house insp. 1862-6. — Hamcrslij. Sands, Robert Charles, essayist and poet, b. Flatbush, L.L, May 11, 1799; d. Ho- boken, N.J., Dec. 17, 1832. Col. Coll. 1815. Son of Comfort Sands (b. 26 Feb. 1748, d. Ho- boken 22 Sept. 1834), a merchant and active Revol. patriot, member of the N.Y. Const. Conv. of 1777, and many yeai-s a member of the State legisl. He studied law, and in 1820 was adm. to practice, but, discouraged by his first attempt as an advocate, he devoted himself exclusively to literature. When only 14 years of age, he pub. the " Academic Recreations," a work of 300 pages; in 1817, with some literary friends, he produceiTa series of essays in the Uailii Ad- vertiser, entitled "The Neologist," and in 1819, for the Commercial Advertiser, a series entitled " The Amphilogist," — productions remarkable for purity of taste ; in lSi;2 he wai one of the editors of the Atlautn- M , ., aii.l :;; . r-Aard of the N. Y. Rei'ii ii: II. >. ! iin,- joint anthorsof "The Tali-Ill . , i ■ iit speci- men of fine writing an I [roi -h ,;i ■! , nciition, but discouraged for want of i.atn>na,c. To this he contrib. one of his best and longest poems, " The Dream of the Princess Papantzin." In 1831 he pub. the "Lite and Con'cspondence of Paul Jones." From 1827 to his death he was assist, editor of the A'. Y. Commercitr' Adver- tiser. Among his writings were an " Hist. No- tice of Hernando Cortes," which was translated into Spanish ; an " Essay on Dramatic Litera- ture ; " " Isaac a Type of the Redeemer ; " a notice of Caio Gracco of Monti ; " The Gar- den of Venus;" " Yamoydcn," a tale of the wars of King Philip ; a poem written by him- self and the Rev. James W. Eastburn; " The Siinple Story;" "Salem Witchcraft;" and " Monsirur Vieille Ccen> " About a week be- fore his death, his last poem, entitled "The Dead of 1832," was pub. in the Advertiser. Af- ter his death, a selection was made from his writings by Gulian 0. Verplanck, pub. in 2 vols., together with a Memoir of his Life. Sanford, Edward, poet, essayist, and po- litical ^vriter, son of Nathan (ehancellor of N.Y.),b. N.Y. City, 1805. Un. Coll. 1824. Af- ter studying law m the office of B. F. Butler, he edited a newspaper in Brooklyn ; afterward the N. Y. Standard ; then the Timis, and the Washington Globe, the organ of the Van Bu- ren administration. Returning to N.Y., ho became assist, naval officer, and in 1843 was elected to the State senate, where he was an active political manager and leader. He has been a ti-equent conti-ib. to the iV. Y. Mirror, Knicherboclcer Mag., axii the Spirit oftlte Times. Among his poetical pieces are his quaint " Ad- dress to Bl.''^T'^ '^'Descended from William, who came to Glouces- ter Iwfbre 1678. While a school-boy in Bos- 3 1 I a '■' ton, his father took him on a visit to Europe. Returning home, he studied 2 or .3 years at H.U., and assisted S. G. Goodrich in his vari- ous publications. He then became connected with the Bontuii Da'dij Advertiser, afterward with the Boston Atlas, arid in 1839 with the N. Y. Mirror. He afterward resided at Ro.\bury, edited the Boston Transcript for a few years, and has since prepared a series of popular school-books, including Speakers and Read- ers. He has written " The Bride of Genoa," a five-act play, 1836; "Velasco," a trage- dy, 1837; "Change makes Change," a comedy ; and " The Priestess," a tragedy ; "Life of Henry Clay," 1840; " Songs of the Sea, and other Poems," 1847; "Arctic Ad- ventures by Sea and Land," 1857; a volume of "Original Dialogues" for schools, 1860; " Plauchcttc," a work on Spiritualism, 18G9; and " The Woman who Dared," a poem, 1869. Ho edited the "Modern Standard Drama;" two stories for the young, entitled "Wealth and Worth," and " What's to be Done ■? " &c. ; has written Lives of several English poets pre- fixed to editions of their writings ; has also contrib. frequently to magazines, and pub. several unacknowledged novels. His " Stand- ard Speaker," 1 852, has passed through many largo editions. He also edited a "Life of Franklin," and is known as a lecturer. Sargent, Col. Henry, painter, b. Glouces- ter, Ms., 25 Nov. 1770; d. Boston, 21 Feb. 1845. A.M. of H.U. 1826. Son of Daniel, a merchant of Boston, and bro. of Lucius M. Educated at Dummer Acad., and, showing in early life a taste for art, was sent abroad, and was for many years a pupil of Sir Benj. We>t in London. Returning home, he devoted him- self to his profession, and produced " The Din- ncr-Party," perhaps his best work ; " Christ's Entrance into Jerusalem; " and " The Landing of the Pilgrims," which he gave to the Plym- outh Soc. Adj.-gen. of Ms. in 1814, and sub- sequently aide to Govs. Brooks and Strong. Col. S. invented an elevated railway, and was a member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. Sargent, John Osborne, journalist and lawyer, bro. of Epes, and a kinsman of L. M., b. Gloucester, Ms., 1810. H.U. 1830, and es- tablished there the Collegian. He studied law in Boston ; was adm. to the bar; and in 1834-7 was connected with the Boston Atlas. He was a representative in the Ms. legisl. in 1835-6, and in 1837 became an assoc. editor of the A^ y. Couiier and Enquirer, which he left after the election of pres. Harrison. He then prac- tised law in N.Y. till 1848, when he took charge of the Battcnj, a campaign paper at Washing- ton, advocating Gen. Taylor's election to the presidency. He afterward founded at Wash- ington the liepuhllc, ncwspajKT, with A. C. Bullitt, in which he supported the compromise measures. He conductid this paper on the principle of hostility to both thr abolition and Sl•ces^ion parties, until it was discontinued at the close of Fillmore's administration, lie h.^.s since practised law in W;isliington and New York, where he now resides. In 1844 ho pub. a pamphlet (reprinted in Eng., and translated into various languages) on improveratnts in naval warfare, with a biog. sketch of Capt. Ericsson, and a notice of his inventions. He was a contrib. to " The Token ;" assisted S. G. Goodrich in several of the Peter Parley books ; and has pub. translations from the German, and several legal and political pamphlets. Sargent, Lncics Manlius, am hor, b. Bos- ton 25 June, 1786 ; d. W. Roxl.urv, M-., 2 June, 1867. Grandson of Col. Epes (1B'.)0-1762) and son of Daniel Sargent. Thuuf^'h not grad. in course, hereceived an bon. degree in 1 842"(H.U. ). He studied law under Samuel Dexter, but never practised. A fine classical scholar, he in early life edited and transl. some minor Latin poems. In 1813 he pub. " Hubert and Ellen, with other Poems." His labors as a wiiter in the cause of temperance extended over 30 years. One of his tales passed through 130 editions, and was repub. in many languages. Upon this theme he was also a powerful and effective lecturer. He contrib. a scries of satirical and antiquarian sketches, entitled " Dealings with the Dead, by a Sexton of the Old School " (repub. in a vol. 1856), to the Boston Transcript, to wliich he was long a contrib. under the signar turc of " Sigma." His writings were character- ized by honesty of opinions, and boldness and vigor of style. Some of the ablest papers on the cooly trade were written by him, and were afterwards repub., without his knowledge, by reformers in England. He was generous with- out ostentation, and kind-hearted. His " Tem- perance Tales " were coll. and pub. in 3 vols. Author of "Life of S.amuel Dexter," 1 858. By his will Mm V, j-h inf Hon.- Horace Binncyof Phi :i li ; i M 1, Horace B., and Maniius. E\ III ^ a lah Cutter Dunn, he had L. M , J ■, , . '1 ;m I iiiiplished surgeon andcaval- rv-olHrer. His son Horace Binney Saegent (h. 30 June, 1821; H.U. 1843) studied law, com. 1st Mass. cavalry, and was brev. brig-gen. 21 Mar. 1864. — See Reminiscences of, with gene- alogies hij J. H. Sheppard. Sargent, Lncins Manltus, Jun., M.D., SA.R SAXJ son of L. M., b. Boston, Sept. 15, 1826 ; killed near BelleHcld, Va., Dec. 9, 1864. H.U. 1848. He took his degree at the llai-vard Med. School in 1857; and was some time house-surgeon at the Ms. Gen. Hospital, and also dispensary physician. Com. surgeon, 2d Ms. Vols., May 28, 1861; capt. 1st Ms. Cav. Oet. 31, 1861; maj. Jan. 2, 1864; licut.-col. Sept. 30, 1864. — Hun: Memorial Bioyrnphies. Sargent, Col. Paul Dddlet, Revol. ofliciT, b. Gloucester, Ms., 1745; d. Sullivan, Me., 15 Sept. 1828. Son of Col. Epes. He com. a regt. at the siege of Boston ; was wound- ed at Bunker's Hill; com. a brigade in the summer of 1776; tbught at Harlem, White Plaius, Trenton, and Pi-inecton ; and, after the war, was for many years judge of C.C.P. for Hancock Co., Maine. Sargent, Winthkop, soldier and states- man, b. Gloucester, Ms., 1 May, 1753; d. on a voyage from Natchez to Phila". 3 June, 1 820. H.U. 1771. Grandson of Col. Epcs, and cou- sin of L. M. In 1775 he was capt. of one of his father's ships. He entered the army 7 July, 1775. App. navy agent at Gloucester 1 Jan. 1776; cipt.-lieut. of Knox's regt. of art. 16 Mar. 1776, serving in that line with great reputation through the war, and taking part in the siege of Boston, battles of Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, &c., and attaining the rank of major. Becoming connected with the Ohio Co., he was in 1786 app. by Congros -iii\ .<■: n iIi ■ X W. Terr., itssec. in 1787, nn 1 '-'•■. :m> /in 1798-1801; adj.-gen. of St. ( i ! i i the iinfortu- ■ I 11- ill 1791, and . in WavTie's cam- paign in i 794-5'; member of the Aead. of Arts and Sciences and of the Philos. Soc. He pub. "Boston, a Poem," 1803. Sargent, WiNTiiitor, anli n, ji.m.l ..u of the preceding, b. Philii. ^ d. Paris, 18 May, 1870. U. oi I . ,i„l,. Law School, 1847. He\MM:, , ! : Mr- moir prefixed to the Juinn ' - • t\- gaged in Braddock's ex]': :. Pa. Hist. Soc. in 1855fn.ii, m ,1 I-- in the British Museum ; su' , i. " Hist, of an Exped. aguin i I 1 ' &c., 8vo. Also pub. :l \:. i I Andre'," Boston, 1861; 'I. i : i the Revol," 1S57 ; a su|.|'!' ■ : I'l 1860, •• Til- \...:..:\ \ ..-■ - . ; .1 .1 -■ Mi-v andD..MM..i ,t .•: ' ,. y^ • •- : ■ .l-nr- nal of I!.' ' ' '•'■ " ' liiiiti of Pa., vol. vi., and Letters of Julin Andrews, Esq., 1772-6, 8vo, 1866. He i-esidcd in New York, and practised law. Contrib. to various periodicals, especially the .V. -1. Iuvi,ir, Sarmiento, i>"n iii.nr.'.' Ihmino, LL.D-, pres. .\i. I : ,_•, I). San Juan ISU. I .i i .:, ' , • 'H to Rosas, and wa-^ in ion- .|ih 'i r i -.u- -i in i liili ; returning in 1836, he fonndeil a .mIkioI for yonng ladies, and edited a journal, La Yoiida ; and again exiled by Rosas. Entering the Chilian ser\-ice, he was sent on a special educa- tional mission to Europe ; returning to Buenos Ayres in 1851, he com. a regt. in the battle of Monto-Cascro-s which decided the fate nf Rosas, and established the Ar;r, C'lnti-il Hi- a-^sistcd in framing the const. <>l 1 ■ ' :■ ! ' minis- ter of instruction under I , ti r of the interior under Deri|iii . - . _ov. of San Juan ; minister to lUo L..S. I6i.^-.j; and afterward gov. of Buenos Ayres. Author of " Life in the Arg. Repub.," transl. with biog. sketch by Mrs. Hor. Mann, 8vo, 1868. Sartain, John, b. Loud. 1808; cmig. to Phila. in 1830. The first to introduce mezzo- tinto engraving in America ; formerly a painter nate exped. agan wounded; adj.-gen. in oils, and some 1 the (Liion ilarjaz Prose Illustratio Painters," 1832. granite monume near Phi'i. Sartwcll, II Mary'- i i,,! i;i botaiii I, !■ li Penn ^ ■ i N •■ I proprietor and editor of e. lie pub. " Poetical and i of Celebrated American Among his works is the ; in Monument Cemetcrj-, vnv Parker, M.D. (St. . Ph.D. (Ham. Coll. 1S64), i, M<., Apr. 18, 170-->; d. ;() l\ Vai I the tied in i;::iMi, (Mii.i>, the study or liotany, n 1832. Ab. 1»46 he gave his whole I study of the genus carex ; and in 1848 pub. in 2 vols. " Cari'ces Ama-icance Septeiitrionalis Exsiccatce." " Part Third " of this work, to in- clude 50 newjspecies, was begun, and over 40 species collected for it, when he'died. His herba- rium, the labor of 40 years, containing about 8,000 -ill ;- ii-v in Ham. Coll., Clinton, N.Y. I Dr. S. kept records of the weati) ' ' ].ub. at home, and sent to the Snn.i .1 I in In-t. He was a member of several ^eientme liodics. Sasnett, William J., D.D., clergyman and author, b. Hancock Co., Ga., Apr. 29,"l820. Oglethorpe U. 1839. He studied law; and afterward joined the Ala. Conf., iu which he be- came an itinerant. Chosen prof of English lit. in Emory Coll., Ga,, in 1849 ; pres. of La Oran-e Female Coll. in 1858; and in 1859 of !;i ] 1! .\l,i AI'i I 'hlege. Auburn. He pub. I r -."1835; and a vol. of 1)1 .1, 11 l,;:raturc and Religion," 8 liinl^r;, ; ■■■:.njc, b. London, 1807 ; - a publisher in NY. in >. ;; . , M, Astor Lib. since 1859. II. I, I- i ir, M. II, ri.s of the Great Metropo- lis," IS.-,J ; '• New York in a Nutshell," 18.33 ; " Salad for the Solitary," 1854 ; " Salad for the Social," 1856; "Pearls of Thought," 1858; "Mosaics," 1859; " Festiv.tl of Song," 1863; "About Women, Love, and Marriage," 1868. Contrib. to the Dewx. Rev., N. Y. Quarterly, Knicker}>ocker, &c. — Allibone. Saunders, iou-x, jurist and loyalist, b. Va. 1754 ; d. Frederickton, N.B., 1834. His grandfather emig. to Va., and acquired large landed estates. He was liberally educated, and studied law; but in 1776 rnis"eil a troop of horse at his own expen-i', in I ]•■'■■ • I 'in- royal standard. Afterwards r , i:i the Queen's Rangers, he s' i ii war; was often engaged, ami '\, tr.i w.nnded. At the peace he went to Eng. ; lirratne a mem- ber of the Middle Temple, and comn 800 practice of the law ; in 1790 he hccame jndire of the Sup. Court of N.B. ; was soon after- wards app. a member of the council ; and in 1822 chief justice. His only son, John Sni- COE, held the offices of adj. -gen. .justice of a court of judicature, member of the council, and sec. of N.B. — Sahinc. Saunders, Prince, atty.-gen. of the re- public of llavti, anil the author ot the criminal code cif iliiii .'mim'i \'. I. '1 IkiioiM, \'i., nil 1775 ; d. llax' I , . ; ■ ,. ;i '. man, of exr, I ■ . ■ :: I try ca- pacity. A' I 1 '■Ml-, ]v ■ -,:.,,. ■., i.'iirh a free colored school :if » ' ■ init afterwards in Boston. I.n i !il[, :, he was at once employcil ' ' •:<;- prove the state of educan -n ili<)r, uhl, v: it- ing Eng. with that olijcrt, was rociivcd into the society of the nobility, and was the guest of Sir Joseph Banks, pre,s. of the Roy. Society. The result ot his mi-simi not biinj satisfactory to the kill'.', Ur hi- i I i\ II, :i:i.l rrturncd to the U.S.,wliin' li ■ -■ '!!':• and was settled over a iilijinii , ' I ' >■ Returning to Hayti idler a I' ^v y m~, Ii' was actively em- ployed in the public sirvicc until his death. He pub. "Haytien Papers;" "Memoir on Slave- ry," 8vo; "Address on Education," 1818; " Documents relative to Hayti," 8vo, 1816. Saunders, Romulus M., lawyer and statesman, b. Caswell Co., N.C., Mar. 1791; d. Ralei;,'h, 21 Apr. 1867. He was educated at an academy, and spent two years in the U. of N.C. Adm. to practise law in Tenn. in 1812 ; returned to N.C. ; was in the house of commons in 1815-20, two years as speaker; was M.C. in 1821-7 and in 1841-5; was atty.- gen. of the State in 1828 ; in 1833 was pres. of the board of commiss. to settle the claims of American citizens tinder the treaty of July 4, 1831, with France; in 1835 was elected a judge of the Supreme Court ; in 1846-,50 was minister to Spain ; and on his return was again elected to the legisl. of N.C. Savage, Ch.4kle8 C, b. Middletown, Ct., 1820. Engaged in the stereotyping business, N. Y. Has pub. " Illnstratcd Biography," 8vo, 1852 ; "The World," 8vo, 1853. Coiitrib. to A/ner. Aijrlcultiirist, N.Y. Evangelist, &c. — Altihnne. Savage, EDWAHD,port.-painter, b. Prince- ton, Ms., 1761 ; d. there July. 1817. At first a goldsmith. He studied a while under West at London, and then in Italy. In 1792, before he went abroiid, he painted the Washington family, and, finding no engraver, engraved the picture himself. He was a man of talent, but rsatile I emmenee as a pamt lie founded a museum in N.Y., and brought it to Boston, where it made part of the ol' M 'V'. I; l,|lion broke out, lie\>. . ;,, riie Starry Flag" and ' riie ill. .-Ill 1.1 ilic North," and was active in orgaiiiziii;; the " Irish Brigade" and "Irish Legion." "Faith and Fancy," a col- lection of" his poems, appeared in December, 1863 ; iu 1864 he connected himself with the N. Orleans Daily limes; pub. a campaign Life of Andrew Johnson in 1864, extended into a "Life and Public Services " in 1865; "Fenian Heroes and Martyrs," 1868; collec- tive edition of his poems, 1867. — Dm/clcinck. Savage, John A., D.D., pres. of Carroll Coll., Wis., and over 23 years pastor of the Presh. church, Ogdensburg, N.Y. ; d. Wauke- sha, Wis., 13 Dec. 1864, a. 64. Un Coll. 1822. Savage, John H., Lawyer, and M.C 1849- 53 and 185.i-9, b. Warren Co., Tenn. lie served as a private soldier during a campaign in Fla. ; afterwards studied law, and in 1837 commenced practice at Sraithville, Tenn. ; atty.-gen. 4th dist. in 1841-7; major of the 14th U.S. Inf. in Mexican war; was present at the battles of Contreras, Ghnrubusco, and Molino del Rev, and was wounded at Chapnl- tepec. Promoted to be lieut.-coL, he com. the regt. after the death of Col. Graham. Savage, Samuel Phillips; d. Weston, Ms., Dec. 1797, a. 79. Merchant of Boston, 801 nml ii selectman ; pros, of the Ms. board of war during the Revol., and afterward judge CCP., Middlesex Co. His son Maj. Joseph, an officer of art. in the Revul., d. Brunswick, Me., 15 Jan. 1814, a 58. Sawyer, Frederic WiLLiAM,b. Saco,Me., 22 Apr. 1810. llemoved to Boston in 1838, where, since 1840, he has practised law. Ori- ginator of the Pawners' Bank of Boston. Author of " The Merchant's and Shipmaster's Guide," 1340; " Plea for Amusements," 1847 ; " Hits at American Whims," &c., 1860, origi- nally pub., under the signatures of "Carl "and " Canty Carl," in the Transcript, to which since 1847 he has contributed. — Allihone. Sawyer,HoKACEBDCiiLiN,capt. U. S.N,, b. Burlington, Vt., Feb. 22,1797; d. Wash- ington, Feb. 14, 1860. Midshipm. June 4, 1812 ; lieut. Apr. 1, 1818 ; com. Dec. 9, 18.39 ; capt. Apr. 12, 1853. He was in "The Con- stitution " when she took the British ships " Cyane" and " Levant," Feb. 20, 1815 ; lieut. of the brig " Spark" in the W. I., destroying piracy in those waters ; and afterward in " The Warren," engaged in the same service, in the Mediterranean. Received a sword from the legisl. of Vt. in 1856 for services in the war of 1812.— Vt. Quart. Gazetteer. Sawyer, Rev. John, O.D. (D.C. 1857), b. Hebron, Ct., Oct. 9, 1755 ; d. Bangor, Me., Oct. 14, 1858. Dartm. Coll. 1785. He was a soldier at the surrender of Biirgoyne. Ord. pastor of the Cong. Ch. at Orford, N.H., Oct. 2, 1787; dism. Dec. 17, 1795; at Boothbay, Me., from Oct. 1793 to 1808; and was after- Saxe, John Godfhet, LL.D poet, b. Highgate, Vt., June 2, 1 :dM>f^ Coll. 1839. Hewasapraetitionerof law in his' ■, J' ■) J native State from 1843 to March, 1850, when ^•'•'-^ " "^ ' lie removed to Burlington, where for 5 years he conducted the 5cH(mcZ newspaper ; in 1851 he was State-atty. He has since devoted himself wholly to literature and lecturing. Now (1872) a resident of Albany, and ed. of the Evening Journal. In 1849 he pub. a vol. of poems, including "Progress, a Satire," origi- nally delivered at a college commencement; and a number of shorter pieces, many of which originally appeared in the Knickerbocker Mar/. The enlarged edition of 1852 includes " The Times," a poem delivered before the He fre- iiced ward more than 40 years missionary i Me. In June, 1857, ho addressed a large auaience at the Gen. Conf. in Bath, Me., for nearly an hour, being in his 102d year. Sawyer, Leicester Ambrose, b. Pinck- ney, N.Y. Ham. Coll. 1828. Old. Presb. pastor 1831. Some time pres. of Centra! Coll., Ohio; and became in 1854 pastor of the Cong. Ch., Westmoreland, N. J. He has pub. " Ele- ments of Biblical Interpretation," 1836 ; " Mental Philos.," 1839 ; " Mor.al Philos.," 1S45 ; " Organic Christianity," 1854. In 1858 he pub. a new tiansl. of the New Testament, and in ISCO vol. i. of the Old Testament; "Biblical Science Improved," 1862. —.4//(- bone. Sawyer, Thomas Jefferson, D.D. (H.U.), clergyman, b. Reading, Vt., Jan. 9, 1804. Mid. CoU. 1829. In 1830 took charge of a Univ. society in New York; in 1845 be- came principal of the Clinton Liberal Inst., Oneida Co., N.Y., and also taught classes in theology. He resumed his former charge in N.Y. in 1?52, and soon after held a public de- hate with Rev. Isaac Westeott, a Baptist cler- gyman, which was pub. with the title, "Dis- cussion of the Doctrine of Universal Salva- tion," 1854. In 1861 he retired to a farm at Clinton ; and was instrumental in the estab- lishment of Tufts College, in which he has since 1869 held the chair of theology. He also aided in founding the theol. school at Canton, N.Y. His wife Caroline M. (Fisher), an- thoress, b. Newton, Ms., Dec. 8, 1812, now edits the Ladies' Rejmsitori/, and has pub. trans- lations in verse and prose from the German. 61 Boston Mercantile-Library As quently the poet of college nm saries. In the summer ot 1 ^'^ a brilliant poem on litciatinT himI i!i<' times at the second anniversary of ih.^ X. Y. Free Academy. "The Money King and Other Poems " appeared in 1859 ; " Clever Stories of Many Nations," 1863; "Poetical Works," cabinet edition, 1864 ; " Masquerade," 1866. Saxe -Weimar, Karl Bernhard, duke of, b. Weimar 1792 ; d. 31 Jnlv, 1862. Author of "Travels through N.A. 1825-6," 2 vols. 8vo, 1828; andSummary of the Campaign in Java in 1811. He served in the principal c.impaigns of 1806-15 against the French, and was made lieut.-gen. in 1831. Saxton, RuFus, hrev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Deerfield, Ms., Oct. 19, 1824. West Point, 1 849. He worked on a farm until he was 20 ; entered the 3d Art., and became 1st lieut. in 1855. In 1853-4 he led a snrvcyini;.party across the Rocky Mount nn^; m isii-.i was employed on the coaM--ii . i I i : : im- provements in instrument ' iiind- ings, one of which, a sell ii ji t' 1 1:14 il um- eter, bears his name; in 1859 he In e.uno an instructor of West Point. At the breaking- out of the civil war, he was at St. Louis under Capt. Lyon, acting as quarterm. (rank of capt.) ; and was prominent in breaking up " Camp Jackson; "joining Gen. McClellan in Western Va., he afterward accomp. Gen. Sherman to Port Royal as quarterm.; and April 15, 1862, was made brig.-gen. vols. For a short time after the retreat of Gen. Banks from the Shen- andoah, Gen. Saxton com. at Harper's Ferry. Militnry gov. of the dept. of the South in 1862-5; quarterm. (rank of maj.) July 29, 1866 ; hrev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. Say, Thomas, naturalist, b. Phila. July 27, 1787; d. New Harmony, Ind., Oct. 10, 1834. Early abandoning mercantile ])Hisuits, in which lie had been engaged unsuccessfully, he devoted himself to the study of natural history; was in 1812 one of the founders of the Acad, of Nat. Sciences of Phila.; and be- came one of the leading contributors to its journal. In 1818 Say joined Messrs. Maelure, Old, and Peale in a scientific exploration of the islands and coast of Ga. ; in 1819-20 he was chief zoologist in the exped. of Major Long to the Rocky Mountains; and in that of 1323 to the sources of St. Peter's River ; in 1825 he re- moved to New Harmony, where he spent the rest of his life. His principal work, " Ameri- SATX- 802 can Eiitoraolofrv," was pnh, riiila., 3 vols., 1 824- 8. His "AnirniMu r\,n. :,. ,],._, ," 7 n.js. of which were ]iii!'. ai X'.v 11 ii; ■/, i^ incom- plete at the lim^'ii lii- 1 II -riivcries of new species of iii-rit- w.i.-, |.i-i i i|i-, urcatcr than hail ever been iimile by a siiiyie inilivid- ual. Member of the Linn£ean and Zoolo};ical Societies of London. He was a frequent con- trib. to the "Transactions" of the Philos. Society, the N. Y. Lyceum, Silliman's Journal, and numerous other scientific pubs. His com- plete writinj,'S on the Cimchology of the U.S., edited In- Will. 0. IJirney, were pub. 8to, 1858; " 'I'li rit-i;,,-) .-y," edited by J. L. Leoontc. V. J 'vols. 8ro, 1859. — Se Biuii - , 1 ; , s Lib., vol. V. Sayre, ^l i i ^, i l. r and patriot, b. Lon{; Island I : i i . ••: residence of his son in Va. S- : i -; - X.J. Coll. 1757. Bred a mcicli ! . !j :; livity and talents he had obtain. ■ i mi !i in iii at llic pi-ricd of the Revul. Wa. . T,. :,;... ,.:', Wm. Lee, brother of U : I 1 1 , , ; : i and was particularly n; Earl of Chatham atu.ii::-.il ]. n-l !iimii_ become a banker. His zeal for the indc|MMid- enco of his native country was unmeasured, and an officer of the Royal Guards, named Lich- aidson, aUn an American, seized upon a gay Sayie's release; but it had already produced his" ruin. His banking-house failed ; he lost every thing, and was obliged to quit England. He was tlien employed by Dr. Franklin upon several important missions, acted for some time as his private sec, and went in the suite of Mr. Lee to Berlin at the time of the first suggestion of the project of armed neutrality. Alter leaving Berlin, Mr. Sayve passed to C.ipenhagcu, Stockholm, and S"t. Petersburg, and in each of those capitals procured ample supplies lor the supportof American indep. In 17M5 lie was an active opponent of Washing- Seaddiug, Henrt, D. D. (18.52), b. Dllnke.^wcU, Eng., 1813. ' Educated at U.C. Coll., Toronto, and St. John's Coll., Camb., Eng. M.A. 1840. Classical prof. U.C. Coll. 1838-62; rector Trinitv Church, Toronto, since 1R47 Anihnr of'" Meni.n ia! of Rev. \V. the : ,. \ ■ - :■ I; "Early N.iii - : : I -I •;:; •," I ■'• . ' T; "ii'- Kesur- reeiiuii," l;b.:. (.uuail.. ol uiIilIcs on phi- lology and antiquities to Brit. Amer. Mag., Canadian Jonr., &c. — Altibone. Scammell, Alexander, col. Ecvol. ar- my, b. Mendon, Ms., 24 March, 1747; d. Wil- liamsburg, Va., 6 Oct. 1781. H.U.1769. Son of Dr. Samuel Leslie, who came to Boston fi-om Portsmouth, Eng., in 1738, settled in Mendon (now Milford), and practised until his death in 1753. He taught school in ICingston and Plym- outh, Ms. ; was a surveyor at Portsmouth in 1772; taught school at Berwick; and was a proprietor of the town of Shaploigh, Me. ; as- sisted Capt. Holland in surveys for his map of N.n.; and in 1775 was a law-student with Gen. Sullivan, and his brigade major at Cam!. ridge in 1775, and on Long Island in 1776. Maile col. 3d N.H. Regt. in Nov. 1776; took part in the battles of Trenton and Princeton ; was wounded and especially disting. at Saratoga; was adj.-gen. of the army from early in 1778 to 1781 ; col. 1st N.H. Regt. 1 Jan. 1781, and in July took com. of a regt. of light inf. While officer of the day at the siege of Yorktown, 30 Sept. 1781, he was snrprised while reconnoi- tring, and, after surrendering, was inhumanly wounded, and died in a few days. He was an otiieer of great merit and of amiable character. He was 6 feet and 2 inches in height. — See Hist. Mag., Sept. 1870. Sehaeffer, the name of several disting. Lutheran divines. David EREDEiiiCK, D.D. (son of Frederick David, D.D., successively pastor at Carlisle, Gemiantown, and Phila., 1760-1836), pastor of the Lutheran church, Frederick, Md., from July, 1808, to liis d. May, 1^"7; li. Carlisle, Pa., 17^7. He was 3 years j.i - ml sec. of the Md. synod; also of the ' >xuod. Pub. "Hist. Address on the i; :. Munition," 1818; and edited the Lutheran Jiitcllnii'iiccr 1826-31. Frederick Christian, D.D., son of F. D., b. Gcnnantown, Pa., 1792 ; d. New York, Mar. 1S31. N..LC0II. ISI8. Licensed to preach 1812; was pastor at Ilar- risburg, and then in N. Y. City. He pub. " Parables and Parabolic Sayings," and two sermons. Prof. Ger. lang. at Columliia Coll. 1830-1. Charles Frederick, D.D., son of F. D., b. Gcrmantown, Pa., 1807. U. of Pa. 1827. Lutheran pastor at Carlisle, Easton, &c., and successively prof, of thcol. in the Lu- theran Scm. at Columbus, 0. ; prof, of German in Pa. Coll., 1; f.v.l.ir', ami Ml th.-..l in ilic Ev.LutliiT:inS ',:.. n,,:,.. lb ll:..i.lll. Kuii/'s "Manual I'l S.ir I '1 1 li-t.," limn I !;■','! 1 nan, 1855; Lmli.r'. Sniii'l.n- Catrdii-ni, i'. i- li mbli- tions, 1856; " Aniritts-Rcde," Ajir. 16, 1S56; "Discourses," Svo, 1861; Lechlor's "Com- mentary on Acts," 1866; "True Christianity," &c., 1869 ; " Exegctical Pimctuation of the N. Test.," 1869. Contrib. to the Evang. Re- view, 1 849-66, and other periodicals. Ch.irles William, D.D., grandson of F. D., b. Ha- gcrstown, Md. Formerly Lutheran pastor at Hai-risburg. Has been for some years pastor of St. Michael's Ch., Gcrmantown. He has pub. " Discourse on the 50th Anniv. of the Ev. Luth. Ch., Harrisb.," Svo, 1845 ; "Early History of the Lutheran Ch. in America," 1857; and oc- casional discourses. Co-editor of several Lu- theran periodicals. — Sprague ; Allihone. SehafF(shaf), Philip, Ph.D., D.D. (1854), theologian and author, b. Chur, canton of Grisons, Switzerland, Jan. 1, 1819. U. of Ber- lin, 1841. Educated at the universities of Tii- bingen, Halle, and Berlin. He travelled as a private tutor to a Prussian nobleman through France, Switzerland, and Italy (1841-2), and, returning to Berlin, lectured on theology ; prof, of theol. at Mercersburg, Pa., 1844-62 ; charged with heresy on account of some of his writings, he was honorably acquitted by the synod at York, Pa., in 1845. From Nov. 1862 to 1867 he was lecturer on cedes, hist, at And. Sem., and in 1868-70 was prof, of church history in the Hartford Theol. Inst., and was in 1871 sen sen prof, in the Union Thcol. Sem., N.T. He has pub. in German a " History of the Apostolic Church," 1S51; "German Hymn-Book, with a Hist. Introd.," 1S59; and in English, "St. Augustine, his Life and Labors," 1853 ; " America, its Political, Social, and Religious Character," lectures delivered at Berlin, 1854, translated in 1855; "Germany, its Universi- ties and Divines," 1857; "Hist, of the Chris- tian Church of the First Three Centuries," 185?, 2 vols. 8vo ; essav on " Slavery and the Bible," 18G1; "The Christ of the "Gospels," 1864; "The Person of Christ the Miracle of History," 1865; "Lectures on the Civil War in America," 1865; "Christ in Song," 1869; besides many contributions to American and foreign periodicals. Dr. S. also pub. the Kirch- enfreuna, a theological monthly for the German cturches of America, in 184S-53 ; and has been co-editor of the Merccrsburri Review since 1857. Sehanek, John-, a British admiral, b. Fife- shire, Scotland, 1740; d. Eng. 6 March, 1823. He was a Ueut. in the navy in 1776, and super- intended the construction of " The Inflexil.lc," which, in 1-=; tlnii r, v ■ !: ■ frnvi ;li ■• roniTTT-nr-'^- his expeduiuu in im_- lua^uucuuii ui ilo:aiii.L;- bridges ; and for his services he was promoted to commander, and in 17S3 post-capt. ; admiral of the Blue, July, 1821. Sehenck, James F., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Ohio, June 19, 1807. Bro. of Robert C. Mid- shipm. Mar. 1, 1825; lieut. Dec. 22, 1835; com. Sept. 14, 1855 ; capt. 1861; commo. July 2, 1863 ; rear-adm. (ret. list), July, 1870. At- tached to frigate " Congress " during the Mcx.. war; chief aide to Com. Stockton at capture orSanta Barbara and Los Angelos, and at bomb.xrd. and capture of Guaymas and Mazat- lan; com. mail-steamer "Ohio," 1843-52; stcainvr " Sac;inaw," E. India squad., 1860-1; com. frigate " St. Lawrence," block, squadron, 1 G62 ; steam-sloop " Powhatan," N. Atl. squad., 1S64-5; and com. 3d division Porter's squad, in both attacks on Fort Fisher. — Uamersly. Schenek, Noah Hunt, D.D., rector of Emanuel Ch., Baltimore, and in 1867 of St. Ann's, Brooklyn, N.Y., b. Pennington, N. J., 1825. N.J. Coll. 1844; Gambler Theol. Sem. 1S53. He h^s jiul). 20 or 30 essays, sermons, andtreati-r ; r :,, li :, ,] and edited, 1858-60, the Wist. ' (Cliieago); was co-ed- itorofth'/ ' '((/K(HlS67; andcon- trib. to till' 11 ' .: ,/. I i' s.„palian, &c. — Alli- Sehenck, Gen. Robert Cummijtg, b. Franklin, Warren Co., O., Oct 7, 1809, His father. Gen. William C. Schcnck, an officer of Harrison's army, d. Jan. 1821. Bro. of Adm. J. F. Schenek. He grad. in 1827 at the Miami U., of which he was afterward a prof. ; was adm. to the bar, and settled in Dayton ; soon after was chosen to the Icgisl. from Montgom- ery Co., serving three terms ; and was M.C. in 1843-51. In this body he was noted for terse and practical speeches, keen and pungent wit. Minister to Brazil in 1851-3. Comnnss. brig.- gen. of vols. May 17, 1861 ; Juno 17, 1861, while his com. were being transported to Vien- na, Va., over the Loudon and Hampshire R.R , they were fired upon while in the cars, sustain- ing a loss of 10 killed and 2 wounded. He was engaged at the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861 ; next served in Western Va. under Rose- cranz; was ordered to the Shenandoah Valley to assist in opposing Stonewall Jackson ; and for his efficient services at the battle of CrosB Keys, Juno 8, 1862, he was placed by Gen, Fremont in com. of a division. In the second battle of Bull Run, Gen. Schenek com. a divis- ion in Sigcl's corps, Aug. 29 and 30, and was severely wounded by a ball which shattered his right arm. Sept. 18, 1862, he was promoted to maj.-gen. ; Dec. 16, 1862, he was app. to com. at Baltimore. During the march of Lee into Pa. in July, 1863, Schenek did good serrice. M.C. 1S63-71 ; app. minister to England, Jan. 1871. Schenek, William Edward, D.D., cor- resp. sec. and editor Presb. Board of Educa- tion, b. Princeton, N.J., 1819. N.J. Coll. 1838. He has pub. " Historical Account of the First Presb. Church, Princeton," 1850; "God ourGuido," 1863; "Children in Heaven," 8vo, &c. — Allilmie. Sohimmelfennig, Gen. Alexander, I). Germany, 1824; d. Minersville, Pa., Sept. 7, 1865. He was an officer under Kossuth in the Hungarian war; at the beginning of 1861 was made col. of a Pa. regt. ; served under Sigel in the Va. campaign of Gen. Pope ; was made brig.-gen. for Ms services at Bull Run, 29 Nov. 1862 ; at Chanccllorsville he com. the first bri- gade of Schurz's division of the llth corps, and lield the same com. at Gettysburg ; in Feb. 1864 he was sent to St. John's Island. His forces were the first to enter Charleston, Feb. 18, 1865, when flanked by Gen. Sherman. Au- thor of " The War behveen Russia and Tur- key," 8vo, Phila. 1854. Schlatter (shlat'-ter), MicuAEL, mission- ary of the German Ref, Church, b. St. Gall, Switzeriand, July 14, 1716 ; d. near Phila. Oct. 1790. He became a clergyman, and in 1746-51 labored as pastor of the Ref cliurches of Phila. and Germantown. Heorganized the synod of the G. R. Church in Amcr. in Sept. 1747 ; went to Europe in 1751, and secured the services of 6 other ministers for the Amer. churches; in 1755 he became supt. of the German charity-schools in Pa.; in 1757 he accomp. an exped. to Nova Scotia against the French as chaplain to the Roy. Amer. Rcgt. He was imprisoned by the British in 1777 for his patriotism, Schley, William, lawyer, gov. of Ga. 1835-7, b. Frederick City, Md., Dec. 14, 1786; d. Augusta, Ga., Nov. 20, 1858. He was edu- cated at the academies of Louisville, and Au- gusta, Ga. ; was adm. to the bar in 1812; prnctised law ; was judge of the Sup. Court of middle dist. of Ga. in 1825-8; was elected a number of the legisl. in 1830; and was M.C. in 1833-5. He pnb. a " Digest of the English Statutes," and was pres. of the Med. Coll. of Georgia. Schmucker, Samcel Mosheim, LL.D., historian, son of Samuel S., b. Newmarket, Va., Jan. 12, 1823; d. Phila. May 12, 1863. Wash. Coll. 1840. He studied theology in the 804 Gettysburg Theol. Sem., and iu 1842 was li- censed to preach at Bloomfield. He afterward preached iu Lewiston, Pa., and in German- town, and was dismissed in Oct. 1848. He then studied law ; was adm. to the fhila. bar in Jan. 1850, and practised iu N.Y. in 1853-5, when be resumed practice in Phila.. but occu- pied himself chicfiv in literature. He pub. bi- ographies of Catharine II., 1855 ; Nicholas I., 185fi ; Fremont, 1856 ; Hamiltun and .Jefferson, 1857; Dr. E. K. Kane and Napolcun III., 1858; Washington and Clav, I8G0; Histo- ries of the Mormons, 1858; "Arctic Explo- rations;" "All IJeli-ions," 1859; " The Four Georges;" " The Modern Jew.s," 1860 ; "The South. Kebellion," 1863; " Errors of Modern Infidelity," 1848; " The Spanish Wife," 1854; " The Yankee Slave-Driver," 1857 ; " Memo- rable Scenes in French History," 1857 ; " Memorials of Daniel Webster," 1859 ; " Blue Laws of Connecticut," I860 ; &c., &c. Sehmueker, S.vmuel S., D.D., b. Ha- ger»town, Md., Feb. 28, 1799. Ord. 1818. Six years pastor of the Lutheran church, New- market, Va. ; from Sept. 1826 to Aug. 1864, prof, of didactic theol. in, and pres. of, the theol. sem. at Gettysburg ; and, since then, emeritus prof. Son of John George, D.I)., York Willi; : Nvuud, IS28; ed- 1 ■'< ; and has con- l>i Brekeuridge's Ju-iiew. — Allibom. pie," 1S24; "I'.. nil '■ P„rrr;.iiu,v m 1 "Psvc "U'V,•■^VM. 8vo, 1S4.-, : ■• Cliri^l itual WdrshipurCu of Christ's C'hn:.'. Hymn-Book of i ited Evanqdiiih. , i, trib. to the lUi.i. /, Review, and the Ei Schofleld, John McAllister, maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Chautauqua Co., N.Y., Sept. 29, 1831. West Point, 1853. Entering the 2d Art., be was 5 years an instr. in nat. philos. at West Point, and was filling, under leave of ab- sence, the chair of nat. philos. in Washington U., St. Louis, Mo., when the civil war began. App. capt. May 14, 1801 , miij NiAI,, T,,( ; 1,' was chief of staff to Gni ' , : il :it Wilson's Creek; becamr ! N-\. 21, 1861, and was as-i-nil n i,. .M,,. militia; 15 Apr. 18i',2, t!n' A)-\. i.i \\«. was assigned to him ; in (kt Im- innM i| the com. of the army of the Iniiitiri. rMiii|,i i-ing the troojis of Mo. and Kans;is, mili wliii li hr drove all tlie organized Confed. lurces liack to the Valley of the Ark., defeating Hindraan, Oct. 22, at Maysville, near Pea Ridge, Ark., and pursuing him beyond the Boston Jluuntains. Maj.-gen. vols. Nov. 2'J. I -'.J , l'.i_: ■_;■ m I'S A. Nov. 30, 1SG4; ninj ■_ . \: ,i i 1 I'l : j Mav, 1864, be joined SI, i, A '.■•; of t'hcOhio,andwasc..n-.|o :r.;i~ n, ill i VUa ties and o})erations of the iVthmta campaign, and until the surrender of Gen. J. E. Johnston, comg. the 23d corps. He left Sherman in Nov. 1864 to assist Gen. Thomas at Nashville, r('|iul>ing the attack of Hooil ; and commanded at the battle of Franklin, and was conspicuous iu tlie decisive battle of Nashville, 15 and 16 Dec. Transferred to N.C., he look possession of Wilmington, Feb. 22, ISO:., ailvaneed into the interior of the State, brat the cm my in sev- eral engagements, and nittrnl 1 .i.lii>l)orough just before Sherman. ISrev. nuij.-u'rn. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 for the battle of Franklin. App. May 2, 1867, to the com. of the first military district, comprising the State of Va. ; sec. oi' ^\ar ad interim on the resignation of Gen. Grant; contirmed MaySO, 1868; resigned Mar. 1869, and assigned to com. the dep. of the Missouri. Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe, LL.D., au- thor, b. Watervliet, N.Y., March 28, 1793; d. Washington, D.C., Dec. 10, 1864. His first American ancestor settled in Albany Co. in the reign of George II., and taught school; whence his name of Caleraft was pu])ularly changed to Schoolcraft. He entered Un. Coll. in 1807, and studied chemistry and mineralogy. Lawtence bis father bi-iii'j stipt. of triass-works, be pub. a work o„ •' Viinolo.jv ■ in 1817. He made a Western joniiirv in ls|7-|s; leturncd with a vcrv coinplrtr iniiaralii^ir.il and geo- In-ical C(.llrrti..n, and jjub. "A \iew of the L<"a.: Minis ,,| ,\|o,," 1819, and a narrative, siiH. ,11 ,uj,,l, infilled "Scenes and Advcn- tin, , 11, ill, .s, nil Alpine Region of the Ozark M.,ni,t,iiii, ol .Mu. and Ark.," isw. In 1 .S20 II,' xsa. app. geologist to an e-^i^.i-lii .■:,„.,! , irji, ill, iif which ho pub. a naii..;,., la i^-l, the G Langu I,, .rcU uilli the llu,.iighlll.,aud Rivers, and em- > in the Central eli. 11,-1 S,.,' ; 111 l-';l :: '. •, -• ■ • 'V I'annnatic'.'l Cunstrucuon ol the ' ll'.'diui- lages, were translated by Dupouceau, and ted to the French Institute, which ed him a gold nieilal. Ho pub. at this The Rise of t!i,' n',--r," a n.rm ; " Oce- He led a second govt, exped. in Is.i: lb. " A Narrative of an Exped. to Itas, '1834. Commiss. to treat with the trib Upper Lakes in 1836. be procured fro 12 11, W I ,,, \ ., iiiiio, and Canada. App. by \ I .1 ist5, he m.idc a census, and , :. I -: .of the Six Nations of N.Y'. ; ). the I,-, ,1 I, X - on the Iroquois," 17. Mai : l-i: . i, solve of Congress, . Sclio,, , : ; 111 a work entitled list, and Si.,ii-ii' il I !,f,,nnation respecting History, Condition, and Prospects of the lian Tribes of the U.S.," of which 6 vols. have appeared. He is also the author of 805 " Algic Researches," 2 vols. 1839 (revised ed. 1 856) ; " Talladega, a Tale of the Creek War ; " " Oneota, or the Red Race of America," 1844; " Personal Memoirs of a Residence of 30 Years with the Indian Tribes on the American Fron- tiers," 1853 ; and " The Myth of Hiawatha and other Oral Legends." His two works on the Upper Mpi. have been combined under the title of " Narrative of an Exploratory Exped. to the Sources of the Mpi. River in 1820, resumed and completed by the Discovery of its Ori- gin in Itasca Lake in 1832." "The Indian Fairy-Bodk," compiled from his MS., was pub. by C. Matthews, N.Y., \S6S. — Appleton. Schouler, <;tx. Wh.mam, adj.-gen. Ms. 18G0-(i,li. at Killiunh^n, Scotland, 13 Dec. 1814. Came to N.Y. with his lather, a calico-printer, in 1815 ; soon removed to Ms, and followed his father's trade in Taunton, Lynn, and W. Cam- bridge. Became propr. and ed. of the Lowell Courier 1841-7; one of the proprs. and eds. Daily Atlas, Boston, 1847-53; co.-ed. Ciu. Ga- zette 1853-6; Ohio State Jour. 1856-8; ed. Boston ..-Ir/as ami Ijie, 1S58. Four times in Ms. legisl.; iiiMii' M ( ,iii I Conv. 1853. Author of "Ma - 1,1 War," 2 vols. 8vo, 1868-71, M '! -: ■' 1 1, ,s of "Personal and Polit. lir.M I-, IN 111' /:osi/n Journal in 1870. Sehriver, Kd.muno, insp.-gen., and brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Pa. West Point, 18.33. Entering 2d Art., transferred to adj.-gen. dept. as capt. 7 July, 1838; resigned 31 July, 1846; pres. Reus, and Saratoga R.K. Co. l'85I-61 ; aide-de-camp to Gov. Morgan, Apr. 1861; lieut.- col. 11th Inf 14 May, 1861; eol. and A.D.C. IS May, 1862; col. and insp.-gen. 13 March, 1863; 'brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. I Aug. 1864, and ni.ij.-gcn. 13 Mar. 1865, for services in the Rebellion ; chief of staft' (1st corps) Mar. 1862 to Jan. 1863; in the Shenandoah campaign and the Northern Va. campaign, and present at Cedar Mountain, Manassas, and Chantilly ; insp.-gen. (Army of the Potomac) 1863-5; and engaged at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and in the Ri< hmond campaign from the Rapidan to its close in June, 1865. — Cullam. Sehroeder, John Fredkrick, D. D. (Trin. Coll. 1836), clergyman and author, b. Baltimore, Apr. 8, 1800; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Feb. 26, 1857. N.J. Coll. 1819. He studied at the Epis. Theol. Sem. at New Haven ; was adm. to holy orders in 1823, and had charge of a parish on' the Eastern Shore of Md. for a few months. He was afterward assist, at Trinity Church, N. Y., 14 years, and was a popular preacher. He delivered a course of lectures on Oriental Lit. before the N.Y. Athena:uni ; con- tributed a treatise on the Authenticity and Canonical Authority of the Scriptures of the Old Testament, and a treatise on the Use of the Syriac Language, to a vol. of essays and dis- sertations on Biblical Literature edi'ted by him- self; pub. a memorial volume on the death of Bishop Hobart in 1830. In 1839 he established St. Ann's Hall, at Flushing, L. I., for the education of young ladies. He was sonic time pastor of the Church of the Crmitixion in N.Y., and St. Thomas's Church, Brooklvn, L.I. He pub. in 1855 " Maxims of Wa.shing- ton. Political, Social, Moral, and Religious;" Memoir of Mrs. Mary Anna Boardinan, &.C., by her son-in-law, 8vo, 1849. At the time of his death he was engaged on " The Life ami Times of Washington," a serial work, 2 vols, of which were pub. He lived to complete only 4 num- bers. — Diiifrkinch. Schuremau, James, Revol. patriot ; d. New Brunswick, N. J., Jan. 23, 1824, a. 67. Rutg. Coll. 1775. At the head of a vol, com- pany, he took part in the battle of Long Island ; was' taken and imprisoned in the N.Y. sugar- house in the course of the war, and sutfered greatly from hunger, but, with a single com- panion, managed to escape, and joined the Amer. army at Morristown. Delegate to the Cont. Congress 1786-7; M.C. '89-91 and '97- 9; in 1799-1801 was a U.S. senator, and sub- sequently became mayor of the city of New Brunswick. He was again a rcprcsc'ntative in 1813-15. Sehureman, John, D. D. (N. J. Coll. 1801), minister of the Dutch Church, N.Y. City; d. there 1818, a. 39. Rutg. Coll. 1795. Prof, theol. in N. J. Theol. Seminary. Schurz (shoorts), Carl, orator and poli- tican, b. Liblar, near Cologne, Germany, Mar. 2, 1829. He studied at the Gymnasium of Cologne and at the U. of Bonn ; engaged in the revol. outbreak in 1848; joined Gottfried Kinkel in tlie pub. of a liberal newspaper; but, after an unsuccessful attempt at insurrection at Bonn in the spring of 1849, both were obliged to fly. As adjutant he participated in the de- fence of Rastadt.and on its surrender made his way to Switzerland. He rescued Kinkel from the fortress of Spandau on the night of Nov. 6, 1850; crossed the frontier into Slecklenburg; thence went to Rostock, and took passage in a schooner for Leith. Schurz then went to Paris, where he was corresp. for German jour- nals till June, 1851, when he went to London, where he was a teacher till July, 1852. He then m., came to Phila., where he remained 3 years, and then settled at Madison, Wis. In the presidential campaign of 1856 he became known as an orator in the German language; in 1858, when Mr. Douglas and .Mr. Lincoln were contesting the U.S. senatorship, he deliv- ered his first P^nglish speech, which was widely circulated. He next established himself in the practice of law at Milwaukie, and engaged in a leeturing-tour in the winter of 1859-60. In the Repub. Nat. Conv. of 1860 he exercised great influence, especially in determining that portion of the platform relating to citizens of foreign origin. During the canvass which fol- lowed, he spoke effectively throughout the Northern States. After Mr. Lincoln's inaugu- ration he was app. minister to Spain. He re- turned to the U.S. in Dec. 1861 ; resigned his office as minister; became brig.-gen. of vols. April 15, 1862; maj.-gen. Mar. 14, 1863; June 17 he took com. of a division in the corps of Siegel, with which he disting. himself at the second battle of Bull Run, but was routed by Jackson at the battle of Chancellorsville. He was temporarily in com. of the Uth corps at the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 1863, where he was conspicuous, as also at Fredericksburg. App. a commiss. to examine and report on the condition of the Southern States, csiiccially upon the Freedmen's Bureau, his report was 806 SCO cxtremi'ly (iistastefiil to Prcs. Johnson. In 1 SG5-6 lie was N. Y. Tribune corresp. in Wash- inyiou ; in 1867 he was editor of the Detroit Post. He took a leadin^jj part in the Chicago convention in 1868, of which lie was temporary chairman ; labored zealously for the election of Gen. Grant; and in Jan. 1869 was chosen U. S. senator from Mo. A vol. of his speeches was pub. 8vo, 1865. Schuyler (ski'-ler), Cot. Petek, mayor of Albany, distins. for his patriotism and for his influence over the Indians. In 1G91 he headed a successful exped. against the French settlements north of Lake Champlain. His recommendations had to the 5 Nations of Indi- ans the force of law. In 1710, at his own ex- pense, he took 5 Indian chiefs to Eng. for the ml''t^^ahist^'he'Frenclf 'in C °nu!ra"™In V 19, as the oldest member of tlie council, the chief com. in N.Y. devolved upon him. He ofien warned the N.E. Colonies of ex|.e.ls. meditated against them by the French and Indians. Schuyler, Col^ Peteh, U. Albany ab. 171(1; d. at his residence on the Passaic, near Ncuaik, N. J., Nov. 17, 1762. Grandson of Philip Pieter^e of Albany, and second son of Arent of N. Jersey by his second wife. In 1746, on the projected "invasion of Canada, he was put in com. of theN.J. regt. In Dec. 1755 he attended the congress called by Gov. Shirley at N.Y., and was stationed with his regt. at Oswego until its reduction by the French, Aug. 14, 1756, when he was released on parole, after a brief imprisonment in Cana- da. In 1759 he again com. the N.J. regt. with which lieserved under A iniM 1 ; in il), inquest of Canada. While a pn i '1 ,:;.val, ho kept open house for tij ii.w-suf- ferers, and redeemed 1 1 m h. i,,i;i, many of their ca[)tives. Schuyler, Philip, mnj.-gen. Revol. annv, I.. All.anv, 2J Nov. 17;j3; d. there 18 Nov". 1SU4. Ill- laih.'i ,lui.g while he was ^^Mlll J, li' v\ ;i> ^i'l"|': I i ' ■■' ilie family of Col. 'I'll i:,,. - : in Saratoga he the law of Iiig by the lis father's he divided it equally with his brothers and sis- ters. He was a cap't. of N.Y. levies at Ft. Ed- ward in 1755 ; acommiss. in the army in 1755- 63; was a prominent member of the N.Y. legisl., and, with Geo. Clinton, was chiefly in- strumental in determining the early and decided resistance of the province to the measures of Britain ; a delegate to Congress, he was with Washington on the committee to draw up rules and regulations for the afmy; 19 June, 1775, was made a maj.-gen., and placed in com. of the Nonhern army, but reliii(|uishcd it to Moil! JolJHi V 111 Sr|.|. nil ;i/r,iiiii| .if illnCSS. Iv 1- I.I. !:.i'|. :. 'ill - -, I . ..: Iv tO tho s"up-iHii-iiil.- I l:.:iiaii:iil ,11 v ' T i I'e energy of his eliara. ter, and the di-iiity of his deport- ment, e.xcited popular jealousy and ill-will, and in (Jet. 1776 he tendered his resignation. Con- gress declared iliat it could not dispense with his services; and its president requested him to continue in command. On the approach of Burgoyne'sarmy in 1777, he did all iu his power to impede its advance by obstructing the navi- gation of Wood Creek, remleriiig the kkuIs impassable, removing all |jruvi.>iuiis and siures beyond its reach, and suminoniiiL,' the miliiia of N.Y. and N.E. to his assistaiiec ; bat the necessary evacuation of Ticonderoga by St. Clair occasioning unreasonable Jealousies in regard to Schuyler in N.E., he was superseded by Gates in Aug., though Congress, upon in- vestigation, warmly approved his conduct. Though " sensible of the indignity," and though superseded by a man who had ever been his enemy, this patriot offered to serve his country as a private gentleman in any way in which he could be useful. He was jirescnt at Burgoyne's surrender, though without com- mand, aiid resigned 19 Apr. 1779. Member Gout. Congress 1778-81. In Nov. 1779 he was app. to confer with Washington on the state of the Southern dcpt. ; U.S. senator 1789- 91 and again in 1797. In the N.Y. senate he was a principal contrib. to the Code of Laws ailopted by the State, and w.is active and e£B- cient in promoting the system of inland navi- gation in N.Y. — See iiis LiJ'e and Times bij B. J, Lossimj. 2 vols. 1860-2. Schweinitz (shwi'-nits), Edmdnd Alex- ANDEK DE, Moravian divine, son of L. D., b. Bethlehem, Pa., 1825. Studied at the Moravi- an Sem. there, and at the U. of Berlin. Au- thor of an "Account of the Moravian Church," Svo, 1859; "Systematic Beneficence," 8vo, 1861 ; "Moravian Episcopate," 186.') ; " David Zeisberger," 2 vols. 1870. Editor of the Mo- ravian, a contrib. to Appleton's Cyclopa;dia, and one of the translators of Herzog's Real Encyclopaedia. — Allibone. Schweinitz, Lewis David von. Ph. D. (U. of Kiel), botanist and Moravian clergy- man, b. Bethlehem, Pa, Feb. 13, 1780; d. there Feb. 8, 1834. He studied in Germany from 1798 to 1812. when he returned, and officiated at Salem. X.C, and at Bethlehem from 1821 till his death. He added nearly 1,400 new species to botanical science, more than 1,200 of them N.A. fungi previously little known. Member of various learned societies in Ameri- ca, Germany, and France. He bequeathed liis valuable herbarium to the Aemli iii\ mIX.h Mai Sciences, Phila. He pub. " ' .' u- rum Lusatix" and "Sijnopsi. : ' .)• linw Suj)erioris" at Leipsir : ■ ~ i / ive Ameriae Septentrion^:' ~ ' Monograp] 1821; "Cata N.W. Tcrritu I, aa, Viola," 1. il in the I ; ■■ .Monograph the Genus Ca- a, AW,„;V .l/.,/„i /A.; „/,i,„,," 1831. — 5ee Me- muir ul\ hij \V. 11. J'.iuiM,,:, Loud. Svo, 1835. Scott, CiiAKi.ES, soldier, and gov. of Ky. 1808-12, b. Cuiubeiland Co., Va., 1733; d. 22 Oct. 1820. A non-commissioned officer at Braddock's defeat in 1755; raised and com. the first company south of the James for the Revol. army; was app. col. 3d Va. Batt. 12 Aug. 1776; was disting. at Trenton; made a brig.-gcn. 2 Apr. 1777; was with Wayne at the storming of Stony Point in 1779; was made prisoner at Charleston, S.C, in 1780 and was not exchanged until near the close of SCO 807 SCO the war. At Monmouth, where he was the last to leave the field, he was particularly disting. In 17S5 he settled in Woodford Co., Ky. ; as brig.-gen. of Ky. levies was with St. Clair at his defeat in 1791 ; com. in a successful exped. to the Wabash, and in actions with the Indians in May and June, 1791 ; and in 1794 com. a portion of Wayne's army at the battle of Fallen Timbers. The shiretown of Powhatan Co. was named for him, also a county in Ky. Seott, GusTAvns Hall, commo. tj.S.N., b. Va. June 13, 1812. Midshipman, Auij. 1, 1828; licut. Feb. 25, 1841; com. Dec." 27, 1856; capt. Nov. 4, 1863; commodore 1869. Com. steamer " Keystone State," special ser- vice, 1861; steam - gunboat " Maratanza," N.A.B. squad., 1862-3; steamer " Dc Soto," 1864 ; steam-sloop " Canandaigua," blockade squad., 1865; steam-sloop " Saranac," Pacific squad., 1866-7 ; lighthouse insp. 1868. — Uam- eisli/. Seott, Henry Lee, author of "Military Dictionary," 8vo, 1861, b. N. C. 1814. West Point, 1833. Son-in-law and aide-de-camp to Gen. Scott ; brev. for gallantry in the Mexican war ; lient.-col. Mar. 7, 1855 ; and insp.-gen. U.S.A., and col. 14 May, 1861 ; retired for physical disability 30 Oct. 1861 ; resigned 31 Oct. 1862. — CwZ/iini. Scott, Job, an eminent minister of the So- ciety of Friends. Author of " The Baptism of Christ a Gospel Ordinance," 1803 ; " War In- consistent with the Example and Doctrines of Christ," 8vo, 1804. — See " Journal of his Life, Travels, and Labors," Wilmington, 1797. — Allibone. Scott, John, jurist ; d. Kichmond, Va., Jan. 7, 1850, a. 68. Member of the Va. senate 1811-13; of the State Const. Conv. in 1829; in 1830-1 he was app. jud^L' of tlie Gtli circuit and of the General Court In ili, n \, ..i.ini zation of this last court ,11 i of the special Court of A ] ; I : , v i i he was app. one of the 5 iih ii'i i i i- m :i-iirt's, and, because of his ultra \' , tlie timid ones defeated his ili . ' i -, in 1774. Ho wasone ofthe iiiu;L :iLii\'j audiuliu- ential members of the gcii. cum. of N.Y'. in 1775, and a member of the Prov. Congress that year; June 9, 1776, he was made a brig.- gen., which office he held till March, 1777. He was with his brigade in the battle of Long Is- land ; from March, 1777, to 1789, he was sec. of the State of N. Y. ; and was a member of Con- gress in 1780-3. Scott, Julia H. (Kinney), b. Pa. 1809; d. Towanda, Pa., 1842. Marricil to David L. Scott in 1825. A coll. of her poems, with a Memoir by Sarah C. Edgarton (Jlrs. Mayo), was pub. 1843 ; a new ed.'by Mrs. C. M. Saw- yer, in 1854. — See Griswolcl's Female Poets of Amer, Seott, Martin, lieut.-col. U.S.A., b. Ben- nington, Vt. ; killed Sept. 8, 1847, at the bead of his regt., in battle of El Molino del Hey. App. lieut 26th Inf Apr. 1814 ; cajrt. 5th Iiif. Aug. 1828 ; brev. maj. for battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, May 9, 1846 ; maj. 5th Inf. June 29, 1846; com. his regt., and brev. lieut.-col. for the severe conflicts at Monterey, Mexico, Sept. 23, 1846. Ho was a famous marksman, and had seen much hard service. Scott, Richard, an early settler in R. I., b. Glemslbrd, Suffolk, Eng., 1607; d. Provi- dence, R. I., 1681-2. A lineal descendant of John Baliol, founder of Baliol Coll., Oxford. Came to Boston in 1634; m. Katharine Mar- bury (sister of Mrs. Anne Hutchinson) ab. 1 637 ; joined Roger Williams soon after, and was a co-proprietor in his purchase of the In- dians, and one of the signers and the supposed author of the celebrated covenant between thoiiirix, , i.i li. ( i.ilicnt " to all such orders anil ;i_ i : hall be made for the public gO(Hl ' -IS." At first a Baptist, he ill li TiT li, , I , I tjiiakcr ; and liis wife and Boston for Qii.i' ' i li ■ miiiiss. to settle the com I" ii I ii -I to the jurisdiction of sh iv.-.n;, i in irr, , imdwasa dcp. to the Assembly in 1666. He left numer- ous descendants. Scott, Robert Kingston, gov. S.C. 1868- 71, b. Armstrong Co., Pa., 8 July, 1826. M.D. of Starling Med. Coll., 0. Son of a soldier of the war of 1812, grandson of a soldier of the Revol. Settled in practice in Henry Co., O. Lieut.-col. 68th O. Vols. Oct. ISCI ; (a.l. 5 July, 1862; at capture of loit Don, -n, 1 aiile of Shiloh, and siege of ( . I i ;i .ado at Hatchie River, Tenii.. i: i , n lli.iilmt; com. .advance of Lot;aiiV n., ^n i!, march inh.M|ii , en-aged at Port Gihsun, liaymond, .' I nd Champion Hills; com. 2d bri- ,1 IV, 17th corps, until July, 1865; was ni,i,lr ]n I liner near Atlanta; exchanged 24 Sept. 1864; and was in Sherman's operations bctbi-e Atlanta, and in the " mareh to tlie sea ; " assist, commis. bureau of R.F., S.C, 1865-8. Seott, Thomas, judge, b. Md. 1772; d. Chillicothe,0.,Feb.l5,1856. Meth.-Epis. min- ister 1789-96 ; in 1798 studied law, and .settled in Chillicothe; sec. of the conv. that framed the const, of Ohio in 1802, and of the State senate 1803-9; judge Sup. Court 1809-10; and chief justice 1810-15. — A. T. Goodman. Seott, Thomas Fielding, D.D., Prot.- Epis. missionary, bishop of Oregon and Wa.sh- ington, consec. at Savannah, Ga., Jan. 8, 1854 ; b. 1805 ; d. N.Y. City, July 14, 1867. Many years a clergyman in Georgia. Seott, Wii.M AM AxnriiSON.D.D., b. Tenn. Cumberland V . \\\ . i- :,;, Formerly editor of the iV. Oil ': . / ^ and pastor of Calvary Chun !i > n ! i i-o; was in 1863 installed over tie: 12-1 l'u-1'- lluirch. New- York City. Author of " Daniel a Model for Young Men," 8vo, 1854; " Achan in El Dorado," 1855; "Trade and Letters," 1856; "The Giant Judye," 1858; "The Church in the Army," 1862 ; "The Christ of the Apostles' Creed," &e., 8vo, 1867 ; also a number of addresses, papers in periodicals, &.c. — Allibone. Scott, WiNFiELD, lieut.-gen. U.S.A., b. Petersburg, Va., June 13, 1786; d. West Point, N.Y., May 23, 1866. Wm. and M. Coll. 1804. Left an orphan in liis boyhood, he studied law, and was adm. to the bar in 1805. App. capt. of art. Mmv 3, 1808 ; licut.-rol. 2d Art. July 6, 1812 ; adj. -gen. (rank of col.) March 18, 1813; col. 2d Art. March 12, 1813 ; brig.-j,'cn. March 9, 1814 ; maj.gen. and gen. in chief of the ar- my, June 25, 1841 ; brev. lieut.-gen. Feb. 28, 1855. Ordered to the Canada frontier in July, 1812, he was made prisoner, Oct. 13, at Queens- town Heights ; exchanged in the early part of 1813 ; joined the army of Gen. Dearborn in March, 1813 ; com. the advance in the attack on Fort George, May 27, and was severely in- jured by the cxplo-^icm of a ma^jazine at iis surrender. Crossing the NiaL,Mra Kivi r, July 3, 1814, on the 5th he delVatcd the British at Chippewa; on the 25th was fought the battle of Lundy's Lane, near Niagara Falls, in which Scott had 2 horses killed under him, and re- ceived two severe wounds, one of which left his arm partially disabled. These two engage- ments, fought with the best British troops, establishcil the prestige of our arms. For these brilliant services he was awarded by Congress a gold medal, Nov. 3, 1814, and was offered, but declined, the secretaryship of war. Visiting Europe in a military and diplomatic capacity, he enjoyed in France the converse and asso- ciation of the leading captains of Napoleon. During the nullilication troubles in 1832, he was sent to Charleston on a confidential mis- sion, which was completely successful. His prudence and discretion were eminently shown in procuring the removal of the Cherokees from Ga. in 1838, in the Canadian rebellioa of 1837-9, and in the boundary dispute between Me. and N. Brunswick in 18:i9. The annexa- tion of Texas having rrsuitcd in war witli Mexico, March 9, 1847, .'^rcti laiidni witlj I-.',- 000 men at Vera Cruz, iinctrl ihr ,iiy:ni.l the castle of St. Juan d'Ullua, botli wliicli ca- pitulated on the 26th; t.iking up the tnarch toward the capital, he a-aiind successively the battles of Cerro Gordo' (A|iril IS), I'ontrcras, San Antonio, and Chinnlnivr,. ( \ii._r ig anj 20), Molino del Rcy (Si- ^i ( i. iimltepec (Sept. 13), and capt'uri : ^Itxico (Sept. 14). In these c]i_.,_ n .. . ;,, .Mexi- cans, though greatly supcnui i.i miuiburs, and having every advantage of position, were sig- nally defeated. In 1 852 he was the unsuccessful nominee of the Whig party for the presidency. On the breaking-out of the civil war, he urged wise precautions to prevent the armed with- drawal of the 1 1 seceding States from the Union, secured the safe inaug. of Pres. Lincoln, the defence of the national capital, the organization of the Union army, and its establishment upon the strategetic po'ints of the country. He re- tired from active service, Nov. 1, 1861, visited Europe in Nov., and devoted his later days to the preparation of his " Autobiography," 2 vols. 8vo, 1864. Also author of "General Reg- ulations for the Army," 1825; and "Infantry Tactics," 1835. ScottOW, Capt. JosHU.i, merchant and nnthor, of Boston, b. Eng. 1615; d. Boston, 20 Jan. 1698. He came to Boston in 1634 with his mother, a widow, and a bio. Thomas. Two of his daughters m. Thomas Savage and Samuel Chccklcy. His son Thomas grad. (H.U.) in 1677. He pub. in 1691 " Old Men's Fears;" in 1694 "A Narrative of the Plant- ing of the Ms. Colony," &c. He was a capt. of militia, confidential agent of La Tour in transacts, with the colonial govt. 1654-7. Seranton, George W., manufacturer, b. Madison, Ct., May 23, 1811; d. Seranton, Luzerne Co., Pa., Mar. 24, 1861. Removing to N. J., and then to Pa., he engaged in his business of iron manuf. in the heart of the coal and iron region, where a large town has grown up which perpetuates his name. M.C. from 1858 till his death. Screven, Gen. James ; d. of wounds re- ceived ill a skirmish at Midway, Ga., Nov. 24, 1778. Descended from William, a Baptist minister, who d. Georgetown, S.C, 1713, a. 84. He early engaged in the cause, of liberty, and in 1774 was one of the com. which drew up articles of association for its defence in Ga. A brig.-gen., commanding the Ga. militia when that State was invaded from E. Fla., he had repeated skirmi.^hcs with them between Sun- bnry and Savannah, in one of which he fell. Congress ordered the erection of a monument to his memory. Scudder, Horace Elisha, b. Boston, 1838. Wms. Coll. 18.58. Author of " Seven Little People and their Friends," 1862; "Dream- Children," 1863; "Life and Letters of D. C. Scudder, Missionary," &c., 8vo, 1864 ; " Stories from my Attic," 1869. Editor of Riverside Matj., and contrib. to Atlantic Monthly, N.A. Eeri,no,&.c. — Atl,hnne. Scudder, John, M.D. (Coll. of Phys.and S. 1815), missionary, b. N. Brunswick, N.J., Sci>t. 3, 17',i:5; d. Wvuljerir. CajiC qf Good llopr, Jan. l.-i, 1855,' N,.l. C.il. ISll. He sin.lird ni.cliriii,-, mm] ^r tilrd in \ V., where he hu.-|,ilal. (.iving lip an cxim-iiv , rartice, he olllacd himscH as a mis^n.narv i,, the Amcr. Board; studied thooluL;\ ; ami in I SI y was ord. as a minister of the 1). 1!. ( linirh. For 19 years he labored in Ceylon, where he also con- ducted a large hospital, and attained a high reputation as a surgeon and physician, also superintending a number of schools. He was transferred to the Madras mission in 1839; revisited Amer. in 1842-6 ; but, visiting the Cape of Good Hope on account of his health in 1854, died there. He pub. " The Redeemer's Last Command," " The Harvest Perishing," "Knocking at the Door," "Letters to Children on Missionary Subjects," "I^ettcrs from the East," 1833 ; "Letters to Pious Young Wen," 8vo, 1846, &c. His children, 8 sons and 2_ daughters, all devoted themselves to missionary labors. — See Memoir by Rev. J. D. Waterhury, 12mo. Scudder, Col. Nathaniel, long a mem- ber of the N. J. Assembly ; member of the Old Congress 1777-9 ; killed in a skirmish with an invading-partv of the enemy at Shrewsbury, N. J., Oct. 15', 1781. N.J. Coll. 1751. Seabrook, Whitemaesh Benjamin, gov. of S.C. 1848-50; d. St. Luke's Parish, S.C, Apr. 16, 1855, a. ab. 60. N.J. Coll. 1812. He had been a member of the State senate, and pres. of the State Agric. Societv. Seabury, Samuel, D.D. (Oxf. U. 177"), first Prot.-Epis. bishop of the U.S., b. Groton, Ct., Nov. 30, 1729; d. Feb. 25, 1796. Y.C. 1748.. Son of a Con - I i m 1824, '25, and '27, and a imjiniih nt m ml-rof the Democ. party; was a roaily and cHictive speak- er, and enjoyed a successful practice, as well as a high position at the bar. In 1827 he intro- duced into the State legisl. a project of a rail- road across the mountains from Boston to Albany, which was then derided as visionary, but which he succeeded in finally can-ying through. He was devoted to the causes of free trade, temperance, and antislavery. He pub. "Hints to ray Countrymen," 1826; "Public and Private Economy," 1836; and addresses to the Berkshire Agric. Soc, of which he was pres. in 1823and'30. Hem.agr.-dau.of Gov.\Vm. Livingston, author of some works of fiction, who d. 1867. Sedgwick, Theodore, son of the pre- ceding, lawyer and author, b. Albany, Jan. 27, 1811 ;' d. Stockbridge, Ms., Dec. 8, 1859. Col. Coll. 1829. Adm. to the bar in May, 1833; 812 he passed the next 15 months in Europe, chief- ly in Paris, where he was attached to the lega- tion of Edward Livingston. On his return, he practised law in N. York with great success till ill-health compelled him, ab. 1850, to sus- pend his labors. Pres. Buchanan tendered hira the mission to the Hague in 1 857 ; and the office of assist, sec. of state was twice offered him, lint dcclinod. In .Tan. !8.')8 he received an unsoiicitrd :ipp. as U.S. attv. for tin- .M.uthern dist. i>i S. v., whirli li- hel.i till hi, (Iralh. In 1833 he pill., a Lilr of l.i» mat. rnal -rcat--rand- father, AVra. Livingston ; " What is Monopo- ly?" 1835; "Annexation of Texas," 1844; " The American Citizen," a discourse, Un. Coll., 1847 ; edited the Political Writings of Wm. Leggett (2 vols. 8vo, N. Y. 1840) ; pub. a "Treatise on the Measure of Damages," N. Y., 1847, 5th ed. 1869, a standard authority in America and England; and in 1857 a "Treatise on Statutory an llur- per's Malaiul Navy- Yard, Cal., 1 862-4 ; Phila. Navy-Yard, 1 867-8 ; pres. examining board 1869. His son Thomas 0., com. U. S. N. (b. 1836, Naval Acad. 1854), was app. lieut. in 1860 ; was in the frigate " Cumberland" at the capture of Cape Hat- teras and the fight with " The Merrimack " in Hampton Roads ; served on the Mpi. and Red Rivers ; com. " The Huron " in the attack on Fort Fisher, and led a division of sailors to its assault; com. of Darien exploring-expedition, \610. — Hamersl,j. Selkirk, Alexander, a Scottish sailor, b. Largo, 1676 ; d. 1723. A lieut. in the navy. Having quarrelled with his capt., he was left on the uninhabited island of Juan Fernandez in 1704, and was rescued by Capt. Woodcs Rogers in 1709, who made him his mate. Selkirk's adventures suggested to De Foe the celebrated romance of " Robinson Crusoe." Selkirk, Thomas, earl of, founder of the Red-river settlements in Western Canada, b. 1774; d. Pau, south of France, Apr. 6, 1820. Author of a treatise on Emigration, State- ment respecting his Settlement, 8vo, London, 1817. Semmes, Raphael, capt. of the Confed. cruiser "Alabama," b. Md. ab. 1810 of Irish and Scotch parentage. Midsh. U. S. N. 1 Apr. 1826; lieut. 9 Feb. 1837; com. coast-survey Poinsett "in 1843; the brig " Por- 1S46 ; sorvod tll^> V;,llr hreirkiTm'-nui..ttli<-H.-lH-lli..n; en,,,. iIr. Mc:niior " SuraUT," ami cruised succcssliiily a-:iinst Amcr. commerce in tlie W. Indies; blockaded at Tanf;ier, and, obliged to sell his vessel there, went to Eng., where the fast steamer "290" was built for him, and in Aug. 1863 he put to sea, inflicting great injury on our commerce. This vessel was sunk off Cherbourg, France, by the U.S. steamer " Kearsarge," Capt. Wins- low, 19 June, 1864. Claims to a large amount against the British govt., growing ont of its dis- regard of international comity in permitting the sailing of this vessel, are now (1872) in course of arbitration at Geneva. Semmes has been app. prof, of moral philos. in the State seminary of La. at Alexandria. Author of "Service Afloat and Ashore during the Mexi- can AVar," 8vo, 1851; "Campaign of Gen. Scott in the Valley of Mexico," 1 8S2; "Cruise of the Alabama," 1864. Semple, Gen. ,James, senator and jurist, b. Ky. 1799; d. Fl ;il, T,;n,.Ii-,-, lil . Ti. r isf,6. He practised ].\v, . I : : i .^d to III. ab. 1827, ;iii I MJle, Madison Co. Kl-,,., !,.■ 1, ;, I !,.■ i..rame speaker for several scssiuiis ; in 1833 atty.- gen. of the State, and gen. of militia; was chir^g d'affaires to New Granada in 1837-41 ; judge of the Supreme Court of III. in 1842; and U.S. senator in 1843-7. Semple, Robert, gov. of Earl Selkirk's settlement on Red River, U.C. ; was murdered near that place in 1816. Author of several books of travel. Semple, Robert Baylor, D.D. (B.U. 18I6I, a Baptist clergyman, b. Jan. 20, 1769 ; d. Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 25, 1831. He received a classical education ; became a teacher at the age of 16, and studied law, which at the age of 20 he relinquished for divinity, becom- ing in 1790 pastor of the Bruigton Baptist Church. In 1 805 he was offered the presidency of Transylv. U., but did not accept. He pub. a " Catechism for Cbddren." 1809; "A His- tory of the Va. Baptists in 1810;" " Memoir of Elder Straughan," " Letters to Alexander Campbell," and some minor works. In 1S27 he became the financial agen t of Col umbia Coll., retaining his pastorate. From 1820 to his d. he was pres. of the triennial convention of the Baptist denomination in the U.S. Senter, I.saac, M.D. (Y.C. 1792), phy- sician, b. M.H. 1755 ; d. Newport, R.I., Dec. 20, 1799. He went to Newport early in life; stud- ied medicine with Dr. Thomas Moffat ; was a surgeon in the Revol. army, and accom|>. Arnold's exped. 10 Quebec, ward practised in Pawtucket, hut removed to Newport, anrl hnranip tin- iiH>st disting. prac- titioner l"ith of pliv -h :iii,l III rrv in the State. Hecoiitiib. 10 IV 11: iiM^of theday, and iiub., in tli i ^ ,, Coll. of Phv- sicinns of I'luli., ' KLiii.iil.i on Phthisis Piilnionalis." An hon. nieuiber of the medical societies of Lond., Edinb., and Ms., and was for ' of Cincinnati Sergeant (sar'-jant), Erastds, M.D. (11. U. 1811), physician, of Stockhridge, Ms., b. Strickbridje, Aug. 7, 1742 ; d. there Nov. 14, 1814. AM. of Y.C. 1784. Son of Rev. John. Spent two years at N.J. Coll., and studied medi- cine with his uncle. Dr. Thomas Williams of Deerfield. Hewas a skilful surgeon, and became the principal operator within a circle of 30 miles. Major in the 7th Kegt. of the county, with which he did duty at Lake Champlai'n from Dec. 1776 to Apr. 1777, and until Burgoyne's surrender. Sergeant, John, missionary to the Indians, b. Newark, N. J., 1710; d. Stockhridge, July 27, 1749. Y.C. 1729. Tutor there 1731-5. Ord. 31 Aug. 1735. He began to preach at Houssatonnuc, an Indian village in Western Ms., in Oft. 17.34. With great labor, he trans- lated the New Testament, and some portions of the Old, into the Indian tongue, and also pnb. a Letter on the Indians, and a Sermon, 1743. These Indians emigrated to New Stock- bridge, N.Y., and were 60 years under the care of his son John, who died there Sept. 8, 1824, Sergeant, John, LL.D. (Dick. 1826; H.U. 1844), an eminent lawyer and statesman, son of Joiiathnn Dickinson, b. Phila. Dec. 5, 1779; d. there Nov. 23, 1852. N. J. Coll. 1795. Aliandoning his intention of becoming a mer- chant, he applied himself to the study of law, and was adm. to the Phila. bar in July, 1799. For more than half a century he was exten- sively known as one of the most honorable and profound members of his profession, and one of its acknowledged leaders. He entered public life in 1801, when he was app. cominiss. of bankruptcy by Jefferson. He was afterwards dep. atty.-gen. of Pa. ; member of the legisl. ; in 1838 pres. of the Pa. Const. Conv. ; M.C. in 1815-23, 1827-9, and 1837-42. In 1820, as the leading champion of the Northern States, he displayed his great intellectual powers in procuring" the passage of the Mo. Compromise. Mar. 4, 1826, he was app. one of the two envoys- extr. and niinisters-plenipo. to the Panama Congress ; in 1832 he was the Whig candidate for the vice-presidency, but was defeated ; and when, in 1840, Gen. Harrison became pres. of the U.S., the mission to Eng. was tendered to Mr. Sergeant, but declined. His last office was that of arbitrator, app. by See. Marey to deter- mine a long-pending and vexatious controversy between the U.S. and the State of N.J. He acted as pres. of the House of Refuge from the date of its establishment, and was also pres. of the Apprentices' Library Co. His " Select Speeches" were pub. Phila. 8vo, 1832. Sergeant, Jonathan Dickinson, lawyer and patriot, lather of the preceding, b. Newark, N. J., 1746; d. Phila. 0-t. 1793. N.J. Coll. 1762. He studied law, and commenced practice in his native State. Was a member of the Com. Cong, in 1776-7; took his seat a few diiys after the Decl. of Indcp. ; and in July, 1777, became atty.-gcn. of Pa.; which post he resigned in 1780, and devoted himself to his profession. Before the clo.4e of the war, he transferred his residence to Phila. ; soon be- 814 came cotispicuons at its bar, continuing to re- side there until lie fell a victim, during the prev- alence of the yellow-fever, to his benevolent exertions as one of the board (d' heallh. He i pub. a eulogy on Adams and Jefferson, and a i speech on the Missouri question 1820. Sergeant, Thomas, jurist, b. Phila. Jan. 14, 1782; d. there May 5, 1860. N.J. Coll. 1798. Son of the preceding. He studied law; was app. clerk of the mavor's court ; was a rep. in the State legisl. in "1812-14 ; in 1814-17 judge of the Dist. Court; in 1817-19 sec. of Fa.; 1819-20 atty. -gen. ; postmaster of Phila. 1824-32; and as.soc. justice of the Sup. Court of Pa. Feb. 1834-46. In connection with VVm. Rawle he reported the decisions of the Sup. Court from 1814 to 1828. He pub. "Treatises on the Land Law of Pa.," 1838; on "Constitutional Law," 1822; on "Attach- ment," 1811; and "Sketch of the Natioual Judiciary P.iwcrs ; " and in curly life wa-^ a con- trib. of i-n.s^- :iim1 ] :rv i.i ]<' ri.nli-iil. ]]■■ and(;cnr:,l,SM,-. Ilr m Siirall l'.:ir!|,, :, m-,-.l;,u. of Franklin. — A'. £. Hist. awl riemal. AVy., xiv. 292. Sessions, Dahics, patriot and lieut.-gov. of R.L ; d. Providence, Mar. 1 809, a. 92. Y.C. 1737. Seton, Eliza Ann, founder of the Sisters of Charity in the U.S., b. N.Y. Aug. 28, 1774; d. Emmitsliurg, Md., Jan. 4, 1821. J)au. of Dr. Richard Bayley, and in her 20th year was m. to Mr. Wra. Seton, npon whose death at Leghorn, in 1803, she returned to N.Y. ; was received into the R.C. Church, and for support opened a school in Baltimore, whither she removed with her children. In 1809 she was enabled, by an ample endowment from a Mr. Cooper, to open a semi-conventual establish- ment at Emniitsburg. Their first charge out- side of their own house was that of an orphan asylum in Phila., to which 3 sisters were sent in 1814. In 1817 an act of incorporation of the sisterhood was passed by the legisl. of Md. Her Life, hv Rev. Charles J. White, was pub. in N.Y. I S53. — A ppleton. Severance, Luther, journalist and poli- tician, b. Montague, Ms., Oct. 28, 1797; d. Augusta, Me., Jan. 25, 1855. In 1825 he quitted his apprenticeship to Gales and Seaton of VVasliington, and established the Kemehec Joiirnalin Augusta, which he printed and edit- ed himself. Five years later he was sent to the State legisl., and was repeatedly a mem- ber of tlie senate ai:d of the house. M.C. in 184.3-7; and was comraiss. to the Sandwich Islands in 1850-4. Sevier, Ambrose H., lawyer and senator, h.M iddle Tenn. in 1802 ; d. Li'ttle Rock, Ark., Dec. 31. 1848. Fatherless, poor, and scantily educated, he emig. in 1820 to the newly-organ- ized Terr, of Ark., where he managed to ho adm. to the bar before attuinitifj- tin' ;il'c i.f •j\. Was also app. clerk of tli^- I" i i ' : was elected to the legisl. in IS.' ; ! i Min- ed the Terr, of Ark. in (::;_: .il jr-.iCi, and the State as a U.S. boilUju ;u l,-:;7-48, when he was selected by Pres. Polk to negotiate a treaty of peace with'Mcxico. Chairman of the'com. on Indian affiiirs for many years, and afterwards of the com. on foreign relations. Sevier, fiKN-. John, b. of French parent- age (Xavici), „n the Shenandoah, Va., 1745; d. near Fort D.catnr, Ga., Sept. 24, 1815. Went with an I ::■ In, iv_-;.:iitv to the Ilolston River, E.Tciin l"' ' ' '-It Fort Watauga, and aided in ii- j mst tlie Indians ; served as capt. i 1 'n ^ rxpcd., and was in the battle nt I'mmii r.,,,:,tii: a dric-atc in 1772toaconv. ai liaiila\, X ( ' : iiKiiilier of the Assembly in 1777, an^l ]iiM,iiriil iln'csial)- lishment of "a di~iii.t, an.l ili.- .m, n-inn of State laws, c^tal.lisliineut of courts, .^ic. After col. I 1779 h tic of P,.. lught w Creek ; acccpti r M.^ n ^vtJ^f-^^- ■i'leXt. Oct. 7, 178(1, ai.>l n.,iv-.l M>,,r,| ;, m1 ilianks from N.C. lcui>,,-,! !.i;j-jcii. In 1784 he was made gov. of ill Si ii> III ■• Franklin," the name liy which tic- 'Iriin .iHlcuicnts first liccanie iiuVitically kiunvn. 111 I7SI-, Ii- a,:, in ia,a-i\ I ilir Cher- okccs tiir .!, ■ .1:1, i^itions. When 'I'lain. -, ., : .,17 . hr was gov. until ism. :,::.! iM l-i;-n: \\ , |sll-15; a ini-siun to the l.'rcrk linlians in d. while engaged in its pertorinanee. ])avid,LL.I).(1!uwi1. (■,.11.1812), jurist, b. i'ork. Me., Oct. 7, 173.^: d. there Oct. 22, 1825. HU. 1755. Son of Samuel, who d. Apr. 28, 1769, a. 81. Classmate and friend of John Adams. Established himself at York in 1759; jn-actiscd law several years; prohal.- 171- -I ; tmik an a' ■ Rcv- 1789 to 1818 wasjudge of the U.S. Dist. Court of Me. He represented York in the Ms. legisl. in 1776. Sewall, Jonathan, LL.D., jurist and loy- alist, b. Boston, Aug. 24, 1728; d. St. John, N.B., Sept. 26, 1796. H.U. 1748. His father Jonathan was a nephew of Chief Justice Stephen. In early life he was the intimate friend and associate of John Adams. He was several years, and until 1750, a teacher in Salem. Commenced the practice of law in Charlestown, and in 1767 was app. atty.-gen. of Ms. In May, 1769, he commenced a suit in behalf of a negro to obtain his freedom from his master, — James vs. Richard Lechmere of Cambridge. The suit terminated the follow- ing year in favor of the negro, — two years pre- viously to the settlement of the case of the negro Somerset, which Blackstone commends so liighlv. In 1768 he was app. judge of the Admiralty Court for Nova Scotia; but did not remove thither. At the commencement of the Revol. he resided at Cambridge in the Vassal House, subsequently Washington's headquar- ters. Early in 1775 he went to Eng., and was among those proscribed, April 30, 1779; in 1788 he removed to St. John, N.B., where he was judgeof the Vice- Admiralty Court until his dea I h, Autlior of a niimhe;u Qf"political papers. . To him was ascribed for some lime the author- ■111 3V. 815 sliip of the tetters of " Massachusettensis " (see JoliTi Achiras's reprint of the Letters ofNovan- );his ami M.), although Trumbull, in his bur- lesque of Gage's proclamation (the foundation of McFingal) in 1775, assigned the authorship properly to Daniel Leonard. Sewall, Jonathan Mitchell, lawyer and poet, b. Salem, Ms., 174.5; d. Portsmouth, N.H., March 29, 1808. He was adopted by his uncle, Chief Justice Stejihcn Sewall. Studied law; was disting. at the bar ; and in 1774 was register of probate for Grafton Co., N. H., afterward removing to Portsmouth, N.H. For many years previous to his death he was in- temperate, llis occasional poetic pieces, some of which attained great popularity, were col- lected and pub. in 1801 ; many were of a poli- tical cast, and were printed in most of the Federal gazettes from Maine to Georgia. He was noted for wit, and was eminent in social qualities. In his epilogue to the triigcdy of " Cato," written in 1778, occurs the well- known couplet : — " No pent-i But the V , VtU : bouudless His lyrics, especially his " War and Washing- ton," warmed the patriotism and cheered the hearts of the soldiers of the Revol. In 1 798 he printed "The Versification of Washington's Farewell Address;" and in 1788 delivered " The Fonrth-of-Jul; which was published Sewall, Joseph, D.D. (U. of Glasg. 1731), divine, b. Aug. 15, 1688; d. June 27, 1769. H. U. 1707. Son of Chief Justice Samuel. Ord. colleague wiih Penibcrton at the Old South Church, Bn-i,,n, S. |,i. IC, 171,;; in 1724 was oflFercil m ■ |,i. - •■< II t'., ^^lll<'l, he declined. Corrcsii. iiirmlirr .,i tin- Smntv in Scotland for proiiiiiiin'j Chii-iiaii Knowlril'^e; and was also a comuiiss. of the London oorp. for the Propagation of the Gospel in N.E. and Parts Adjacent. A man of great benevolence, ft friend of learning, and donated to IL U. a fund to be appro])riated to indigent scholars. He pub. 2-3 funeral and other sermons, also *' Four Sermons," 1741. — E/iof. ■^ Sewall, RuFus King, b. Edgecomb, Me., 1814. Bowd. Coll. 18.37. Author of " The Christian's Miniature," 1844; "Sketches of St. Augustine," 1848; "Ancient Dominions of Maine," 8vo, 1859 ; "Appeal to the Sons of Temperance," Xi'M. — AUibone. Sewall, Samuel, jurist, b. Bishop-Stuke, Eng., March 28, 1652 ; d. Jan. 1, 1730 H.U. 1671. His grandfather Henry, b. in 1576, came to N. E., lived in Newbury or IJowley, Ms., and d. ab. 1655. His father Henry «ame over in 1634, began the settlement at New- bury, and, returning, finally settled there in 1659, being followed by his wife and children in 1661. Samuel, after studying divinity, and preaching for a short time, came into pos.session of great wealth by his m.arriage, Feb. 28, 1676, with Hannah, dau. of John Hull, goldsmith of Boston. An assist, in 1684-6, he made a voy- age to England in 1688, and, returning in 1689, resumed his seat at the board of assistants. lie was annually chosen to the council from 1718, when he was m.i.le chief jnsii.'c ; and in 1728 resigned, in cons^cipirnrf. ,,( ;, -,■ :,;, i infirm- ity, this, as well as ihe dllir- , .i I't I ' piiiliato for Suffolk. Sharing in ih : . ;, . , , ii.lief in witchcraft, he coniun- i m lin , ,.,, l^inna- tions in 1692; but at a yu\,\k i.iM, .l,ui. 14, 1697, a " bill " was read by his niiniatcr, Ucv. Samuel Willard, before the cong., in which he acknowledged his own guilt, asked the panlou both of God and man, and deprecated the divine judgments for his sin. He contributed liberally to the spread of the gospel among the Indians; and in 1699 was chosen one of the commiss. of the Society in Eng. for the Propa- gation of the Gospel in N.E.,' and soon alter their sec. and treasurer. His sympathy for African slaves prompted him in 1700 to pub. a tract ciKitli'il " The Scllinj of Joseph," in which iir ;elvn-atr,I ilieii' riuh;-; it li. ing his gospeiiu benevoie His nd house was a seat of hospitality. He published " Answer to Queries respecting Amt Church in Charles Street, in which po- jitiuii h.> (■..ntinnod from April 29. 1812, to Jill ^ i I " ; An active member of the Ms. M: - I (V, one of the editors of the A \li^]iizine, a founder of the Nmi'i III i; iiiii-t 1-Jucation Societv, and of the Noutiin Theol. Sem. His pub. writings consist entirely of sermons and addresses, of which about 20 are extant. Sharpe, Willum, b. Cecil Co., Md., Dec. 13, 1742 ; d. Iredell Co., N.C., July, 1818. At 21 he moved to Mecklenburg, N.C. ; was a lawyer, and active in the patriot cause. A delegate to the Prov. Congress in 1775-6, and of the Cont. Congress in 1779-82; aide-de- camp to Gen. Rutherford in the Indian cam- paign of 1776 ; and was one of the commiss. who made a treaty with them in 1777. Sharswood, Geokge, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1856), jurist, b. Phila. 7 July, 1810. U. of Pa. 1828. Adm. to the Phila. bar 1831 ; app. judge dist. court of Pa. 1845; pres. judge 1851-67; app. judge Sup. Court of Pa. 1867; prof, of the Law School, O. of Pa. Author of a work on professional ethics, 8vo, 1854 and 1869; "Popular Lectures on Coml. Law," 1856; "Lectures Introd. to the Study of the Law," 12mo, 1870; editor of Blackstone's Commentaries, Byles on Bills, Starkie on Evi- dence, Russell on Crimes, Leigh's Nisi Prius, Roscoe on Crim. Evidence, and Smith on Con- tracts. Sharswood, William, Ph. D. (U. of Jena 1859), b. Phila. 1836. U. of Pa. 1856. Author of " Studia Physica," 2 parts, 4to ; " Elenore," a drama, 1862, afterward pub. as " The Betrothed," 8vo, 1865 ; " Misc. Writings of Wm. Sharswood," 8vo, vol.i.; "In Memori- am," 1862. Contrib. to scientific journals. — Allihone, Shattuck, Aaron D., landscape-painter, b. Francestown, N.H., Mar. 9, 1832. At 19 he began to paint portraits in Boston; then stud- ied at the Acad., New York ; visited the White Mountains; then opened a studio in New York ; was favorably noticed in the exhibition in 1856 of the Nat. Acad., and in 1861 became an academician. He has painted spirited sea- coast scenes, " Sunset on the Lake," " Autum- nal View of Androscoggin Scenery," and a fine " Glimpse of Lake Champlain." — 2\icker- Shattuck, George Chetne, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1807), LL.D. (D.C. 18.53), physician, b. Templeton, Ms., Julv 17, 1783; d. Boston, Mar. 18, 1854. Dartm. Coll. 1803. Son of Dr. Benj. {H.U. 1765, b. 11 Nov. 1742, d. 14 Jaji. 1794). His practice in Boston was exten- sive and lucrative. Pres. of the Ms. Medical Soc, member of that of N. H., and of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. By his will he devised more than S60,000 to charitable ob- jects. He contrib. largely to the library of Dartm. Coll., and built, and furnished with valuable instruments, its observatorv. Author of "Structure and Physiol, of the Skin," ISOS; " Causes of Biliary Secretions," 1808 ; " Yel- low-Fever of Gibraltar in 1828," 8vo, 1839. Shattuck, Lemuel, historical and statis- tical writer, b. Ashby, Ms., Oct. 15, 1793 ; d. Boston, Jan. 17, 1859. As a teacher he re- sided at various times in New Ipswich, Troy, Albany, and Detroit, Mich. ; was a merchant in Concord, Ms., from 1823 to 1833, and after- wards a bookseller and publisher in Boston. Member of the common council of Boston 1837-41, and was for some years a representa- tive to the legisl. In 1844 he was one of the founders, and for five years vice-pres., of the N.E. Historic-Genealogical Society ; and was a member of the Amer. Statistical Assoc, of the Amer. Antiquarian and Ms. Hist. Socie- ties. He pub. a " History of Concord, Ms.," 8vo, Boston, 1835; in 1855, "Memorials of the Descendants of William Shattuck;" "The Census of Boston," 1845 ; "Vital Statistics of Boston," 1841; and " Report on the Sani- tary Condition of Ms.," 1850. Shaw, Charles, b. Bath, Me., 1782 ; d. judge of a court at Montgomery, Ala., 1828. H.U. 1S05. Author of " Topog. and Hist. Descript. of Boston from its First Settlement," 1817. He practised law some years in Lincoln Co., Me., before he removed to Ala. He was a good classical scholar and writer. Shaw, Henry W. (" Josh Billings "), humorist, b. Lanesborough, Berkshire, Ms., 1818. Grandson of Dr. Samuel (M.C. from the Rutland-Co. dist., Vt., during the war of 1812), and sonof Henrt (M.C), whose vote in favor of the Mo. Compromise in 1820 terminate ed his political career. His uncle John Savage was chief justice of N.Y. Afthe age of 15 he went to the West, where he engaged in farming and auctioneering for 25 years ; and afterward settled in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., in the latter vo- cation. He never wrote a line for the public until past 45 years of age ; his first production, under the name of "Josh Billings," having been written 25 May, 1863. Since then he has pub. 4 vols, of comic sketches, establishing for himself a hi,gh reputation for originality, and a deep insight into human nature. His " AUmi- nax"has attained an immense circulation; and he is also a successful lyceum lecturer. Shaw, John, capt.'U.S.N., b. Mt. Mellick, Queen's Co., Ireland, 1773; d. Phila. Sept. 17,1823. The son of an English officer. With only an ordinary education, he with an elder bro. eniig. to Amer. in Dec. 1790; settled in Phila.; .' !■ ■ - 1 i rifiring life; and in 1797 was ma-- I ' : iiliiig to the W. Indies. App. li r - ^. \ J 3, 1798, on the break- ing-out. ii hi-; ;'~Mitli France; he became master com. .May 22, li504 ; and capt. Aug. 27, 1807. He sailed in "The Montezuma," Capt. Alex. Murray, in Nov. 1798; and in Dec. 1799 took com. of the schooner "Enter- pri.se;" in May, 1800, he took, after a smart action, the French privateer " La Seine," and two weeks later the privateer " La Citoyenne ; " in June he captured " L'Aigle," a privateer of nearly equal force, after a short contest; and in Jiily " Le Flambeau," a vessel of superior force, after one of the warmest actions of the war. He reached home in Jan. 1801, having in 6 months captured 8 privateers and letters- of- marque, and fought 5 spirited actions, 2 with vessels of superior force. He cruised in the Mediterranean in " The George Wash- 819 SHE ington " in 1 801 , and in " Tlie John Adams " in 1805; in 1814 he com. the squadron block- aded in the Thames between N. London and Norwich; in 1816-17 com. the Mediterranenn equadron ; and afterward had charge of the navy-yards of Boston and Charleston, S.C. — Cooper's Nuv. Biog. Shaw, John, M.D., poet, b. Annapohs, Md., May 4, 1778 ; d. Jan. 10, 1 809, on a voyage from Charleston to the Bahamas. St. Jolin's Coll. 179.'i. medicine; app. surgeon in the fleet ordered to Algiers in Dec. 1798; and was sec. to Consul Eaton at Tunis. Returning in 1800, he went in 1801 to pursue his studies in Edinb. He sailed with the Earl of Selkirk in 1803 to Canada, where that noble- man was founding a settlement on St. John's Island, in Lake Ht. Clair. In 1805 he returned home, and bc-an practice ; m. in 1807, and re- moved to Baltimore. His poems, with a Me- moir containing extracts from his foreign cor- resp. and journals, were pub. in 1810. Hewiis a contrib. to the Phila. Port-Folio. Shaw, Lemcel, LL.D. (H.U. 1831; B.U. 1850), an eminent jurist, b. Barnstable, Jan. 9, 1781; d. Boston, March 30, 1861. H.U. 1800. Son of Rev. Oakes Shaw. He became an usher at the Franklin School, Boston, and assist, editor Boston Gazette; studied law;, en- tered the Suffolk bar in Sept. 1804; was a representative in 1811-16, and again in 1819; was a valuable member of the State Const. Conv. in 1820; State senator in 1821-2, 1828, and 1829 ; and was chief justice of the Ms. Sup. Court, Aug. 23, 1830-31 Aug. 1860. He was undoubtedly the profoundest judge since Tbeophilus Parsons in N.E. His sagacity and penetration were proverbial ; and his influence on the' bench was almost unlimited. A mem- ber of the Acad, of Arts and Silences, of the Ms. lli-t., and the N.E. Uistoric-Genealogi- cal Societies. Ilis rc-iiorted ikci-ic.ns are found in the last IG vols, of rRkcrinu's Kcports, and in those olMetcalf, Cu.-hing, and Gray, — in all ab. 50 vols. Few men have contrib. more to the growth of the law as a progressive science. In 1822 he prepared the charter for the city of Boston. He pub. "Oration, July 4, 1815;" " luaug. Address," 1830; Charge to the Grand Jury, Ipswich, 1832; Address at the opening of the New Court House, Worcester, l!^4.") ; charge to the jiirv in the trial of Prof. J. W. Webster. In 18ri he delivered a dis- course before the Boston Humane Society. Shaw, Oliver, composer and teacher of music at Providence, R.I. ; d. there 31 Dec. 1848, a. 70. Among the best of his pieces are " Mary's Tears," "Nothing True but Heaven," " Arraved in Clouds," and " Home of My Stm\."'— iJoore's E„c,/cL of Music. Shaw, Robert Godld, a philanthropic merchant of Boston, b. Gouldsborough, Me., June 4, 1776 ; d. Boston, May 3, 1853. Edu- cated in the Boston schools ; subsequently filled a situation in the counting-room of liis uncle ; and at the age of 21 engaged in business for himself with success, acquiring great wealth, which he liberally dispensed. He bequeathed $1 10,000 to be set apart at interest bv his execu- tors until it should amount to $400^000. This sum is to be designated the " Shaw Fund," and is designed to sustain an institute or asy- lum for mariners' children. He also bequeathed $10,000 for the purchase of a site for the insti- tution. Shaw, CoL. Robert Gould, grandson of the preceding, b. Boston, Oct. 10, 1837 ; killed in the assault on Fort Wagner, July 18, 1863. H. U. 1860. He was a private in the N.Y. 7th Regt. in April, 1861 ; 2d licut. Ms. 2d, M,-iy 28, 1861 ; capt, Aug. 10, 1862; and com. the first regt. of colored soldiers from a free State ever mustered into the U.S. service. Col. .')4th Ms. Apr. 17, 18C:!. — //.!/■.■. ,1A „ ,/ /;■,,,,. Shaw, M.W. S.vMi 1 1, .V .\ s, ;. : and merchant, b. Ba^tiHi, (lit. i', 17.'! , 1 M i\ .:i). 1794, on the v,nav>' 1: i ,,i;h.i, i<, i;.:;,,n. Educatr.ll.) AI,,':. , I..... ■■,,:i,.,'; .•,!:ii-- Jan. 1, 17, . , , , , , ' :;uUl Dorchc^trl■ ll< ,_!.;, I,, 'i,„l.ion,i : : 11,1 ai the peace was a major ol' art., and aiilo-dc camp to Gen. Knox. lie went to Canton in Feb. 1784 as supercargo; on his return in May, 1785, Gen. Knox gave him the post of first sec. of the war dept. ; in Feb. 1786 he was app. U.S. consul at Canton, and made several voyages between Canton and N. York. His Journals, with a Memou- by Josiah Quiney, were pub. 8vo, 1847. Shays, Daniel, leader of the Shays Re- bellion in 1786-7 in Ms., b. Hopkinton,' 1747; d. Sparta, N. Y., Sept. 29, 1825. He was an ensign in Woodbridge's regiment at the bat- tle of Bunker's Hill, and attained the rank of captain in the Revol. army. Shays, though not prominent in the commenccnKiit of the in- surrection, was chosen leadrr^i li,, i;i i:i _, lus. They complained that the;; (1, ,: ;i. I was too high, the senate arUu.n : , i , , ,,is extortionate, and taxes tuo l,iii,l n- to bear; and they demanded an issue of paper- money, and the removal of the Gen. Court to Boston. Bodies of armed men interrupted the sessions of the courts in a number of ( Springfield; in Jan. 1787 he marched with ab. 2,000 men to ca])ture the arsenal at Spring- field ; but, being fired upon by the militia under Gen. Shepherd, the insurgents fled, the leaders making their way to N.H. Shajss remained in Vt. about a year, and, at his petition, was after- ward pardoned, and removed to Sparta, N.Y. He was allowed a pension for services in the Kevol. war. — .il/woCs Hist, of the Ins. in Ms. Shea (sha), John Augustus, b. Cork, Ire- land, 1802; d. New York, Aug. 15, 1845. Emig. to the U.S. in 1827, and was editor and contrib. to mags, and newspapers in N.Y., Phila., and Georgetown, D.C. Author of " Rudekki," a romance in verse, 1826; " Adolph, and Other Poems," 1831 ; " Parnas- sian AVild-Flowers," 1836; " Clontarf," 1843; "Poems," 1846, 12mo, posthumous, pub. by his son George Aug. Shea. — AUihone. Shea, John Gilmart, LL.D., author, b. N.Y. City, July 22, 1824. Educated to the law, and adm. to the bar ; he has, however, de- voted himself chiefly to historical studies. He edited 7 vols, of the Hist. Mar,. (1859-65) ; ed. and pub. from early MSS. the Cramoisy se- SHE 820 ries of " Memoirs and Relations conceming the French Colonies in N.A.," 20 vols. 1857- 62 ; and " The Library of American Linguist- ics," a series of grammars and dictionaries of American languages, of which 13 vols, have been pub. Author of " The Discovery and Exploration of the Hfississippi Valley," 8vo, 18.53 ; " Hist, of the Catholic Missions among the Indian Tribes of the US.," 1854 ; "Perils of the Ocean and Wilderness," 1857; "Early Voyages up and down the Mpi.," 1862 ; '* The Fallen Brave," biographies of officers who have fallen in the war for the Union ; " The Catholic Church in the U.S.," 1856; "The Catholic Authors of Amer.," 8vo, 1858; "Life of St. An-i-lM Mrriri ot Hvc.Mia," lOmo, 1S57 ; " Le- gciiiLiii II:; .!' Ir, ; iihl ' i-:,7. Asericsofbi- o;.n M : ' ' ' 1' - I iiaries killcdon the Lull,;:, ii: :i ,. L - , which app. in the Cull,u:,c \h.j., ucic cul;., icvised, and pub. in Germany. He has edited Washington's Private Diaries, 1861; Miller's N.Y. in 1695; Norun Belgium, 1862; "Operations of the French Fleet under De Grasse in 1781-2," 1864 ; " The Lin- coln Memorial," 1864, &c. ; the Catholic Alma- nac ; Frank Leslie's periodicals. Of his trans- lation with notes of Charlevoi.x's " Hist, of Xcw France " (6 vols.), 5 vols. (1866-71) have app. Sheafle, Sik Roger Hale, a gen. in the Briii,h annv, b. Boston, 15 Julv, 1763; d. K.liuburgh, 17 July, 1851. Son of Wm. (dep. coinpt. of customs at Boston), who d. 1772, and Susannah (dau. of Thos. Child), who d. Aug. 1810. Earl Percy, whose quarters were at his mother's house in Boston, procured for him a military education, and a cominiss. in the 5th Foot in May, 1778. He became a lieut.-col. in 1798; served in Holland in 1799; in the ex- pcd. to the Baltic in 1801 ; maj.-gen. 4 June, 1811 ; served in Canada in 1SI2-13 ; com. the British forces after the fall of Gen. Brock at Qneenstown, where he defeated the American troops who had crossed the Niagara, and for this service was nnidc a bart. 16 Jan. 1813. Defended York (now Toronto) when attacked in Apr. 1813. Full gen. 28 June, 1828. Shedd, William Greenougii Thatek, D. D., clergyman, b. Acton, Ms., June 21, 1820. Vt. tl. 1839; And. Thcol. Sem. 1843. He became pastor of the Cong, church in Bran- don, Vt., in 1844; prof o( Eng. lit. iu the U. of Vt. in 1845; of sacred ihetoric in Aub. Theol. Sem. in 1852; and in 1854 prof of church history at Andover. In 1862 he was in- stalled assist, pastor of the Presb. ("Brick") church in N.Y. ; in 1803 prof of biblical litera- ture Union Theol. Sem,, X.Y. City. He has edited mid puli. a tr.iiislution of Theremin's " Hhctori.'," N.Y. 1S50, 2d edit., with introd. essay. 18."i9; Coleridge's works, with introd. essay, 7 vols., N.Y. 1853; " Discourses and Es- says," 1S56; " Lectures on the Philosophy of Hist.," ls.-,G; tran.l. of Guericke's "Church Hi-i J ,, l-,-,:-f,3; Augustine's " Confcs- siuii- : cssav, 1860; " History of Clin- 1' , 2 vols. 8vo, 1863; "Trea- ti.5c c.ii II :, ; s" 8vo, 1867; "Orthodox ConL'. aihl the Christ. Sects," 1871 ; and con- trih. to various theol. reviews. Shelby, Isaac, soldier and statesman, b. near Uaycr^town, Md., 11 Dec. 1750; d. Lin- coln Co., Ky., 18 July, 1826. Of Welsh ex- traction. Son of Gen. Evan Shelby. He re- ceived an ordinary Eng. education, and became a surveyor in Western Va. In 1774 he was a lieut. in his father's company at the battle with the Indians at Pt. Pleasant, Va. ; capt. in 1776 ; app. commissary in 1777; member of the le- gisl. of Va. in 1779, and commiss. a major by Gov. JetFerson ; col. in 1780; and at Cellar Spring, in conjunction with Sevier and Clarke, inflicted severe loss on Maj. Ferguson, the dar- ing British partisan, whom he defeated in the battle at King's Mountain, 7 Oct. 1780. The force he com. here consisted of nndisciplined riflemen; and to Shelby belongs the merit of originating this important exped., which exer- cised .such a powerful influence upon the result of the war in the South. He was in the action of Musgrove's Mills; served in the campaign of 1781 under Marion; was in the skirmish at Monk's Corner, and subsequently joined Greene with 500 mounted vols. Member of the legisl. of N.C. 1781-2, and received fjom that body a vote of thanks and a sword. In 1788 he in. and settled at " Travellers' Rest," Lincoln Co., Ky. After the separation of Ky. from Va., and the formation of a constitution for the for- mer State by a convention of which he was a member, he was gov. in 1792-6, and again in 1812-16. In 1813, at the head of 4,000 men, he joined Gen. Harrison, whom he aided in the victory of the Thames. For his bravery at that battle. Congress honored him with a gold medal. App. see. of war by Monroe in 1817, he declined on account of his age. In 1818 he acted as a commiss. in conjunction with Gen. Jackson in forming a treaty with the Chicka- saw Indians. A county iu Ky., and a > oil. at Shclbyville, perpetuate his name. His son Gen. Ja.mes, a maj. in the campaign of 1813, b. 1784, d. Sept. 1848. Sheldon, David Ne.wton, D D. (B.U. 1847), cler-vman, b. Suffield, Ct., June 26, 1807. Wms. Coll. 1830. Newton Theol. Sem. Baptist missionary to France in 1835-9, chiefly in Paris and vicinity. He returned home, and was for 2 years pastor of a Baptist church in Halifax, N.S. In i! -;: ; : : f 1842 he i)cc.ame pastor at Wa' V . nl from 1843 to 1853 was pies V i 1. Pastorof the Elm-st. (Bapii-! ivi,, r.;!,. till 1856, when he was cxcominunioateil from it on a charge of heresy ; and in Sept. 1857 be- came pastor of the Summer-st. (Unitarian) Church, Bath; and since 1862 pastoral Wa- terville. Me. Many years a contrib. to the Chrisliun Review; has pub. occasional . ■sermons, and, since his change in Iheol. views, " Sin and Redemption," a vol. of discourses, N.Y. 1 8.i6. Shellabarger, Samcel, M.C. I86I-3 and 186.5-71, b. Clark Co., O., 10 Dec. 1817. Miami tf., O., 1841. Lawyer, member Ohio legisl. 1852-3, and a prominent Republican. Shelton, Frederic William, LL. D., author, b. Jamaica, L. I., N. Y., 1814. N.J. Coll. 18.34. Ord. to the Epis. ministry in 1847, he has been successively settled at Hunt- ington, L.I., at Fi^hkill on the Hudson, and at Montpelier, Vt., whither he went in 1854. He has pub. " Tlie TroUopiad, or Travelling Gentleman in America," N.Y., 1837, a satire ; 821 *' Salandcr and the Dragon," a romance, 1851 ; " Chrystalline, or the Heiress of Fall-down Castle," 1854 ; " The lioetor of St Bardolph's, or Superannuated," 1853; "Up the River," 1853, a series of rural sketches, originally eon- trib., like many of his writings, to the Knicker- bnckcr iJa;/. ; and " Peeps from the Belfry, or the Parish Sketch-Book," 1855. He has also puh. two lectures on " The Gold-Mania," and " The Use and Abuse of Reason." Shepard, Charles Uphaji, M.D., LL.D., physicist, b. Little Corapton, R. I., June 29, 1804. Amh. Coll. 1824. He received at Cam- bridge a year's instruction of Thomas Nuttall, and, after giving private lessons in botany and mineralogy for some months in Boston, was for 2 years an assist, in the laboratory of Prof. Silliman at Y.C. He then took charge for one year of an institution at New Haven for furnish- ing thecitizens with popular lectures on science. In 1832-3, under a commission from the U.S. govt., he investigated the culture and manuf. of sugar in the Southern States, the results of which are embodied in Prof. Silliman's reirort to the sec. of the treasury in 1833. Lecturer on nat. history in Y. Coll. in 1830-47 ; prof, of chemistry in the Charliston Med. College, S.C, in 1854-61; in 1835 he was app. associ- ate of Dr. Percival in the State geol. survey of Ct. ; prof, of chemistry and natural history in Amh. Coll. in 184.5-52. In the investigation of minerals and meteorites Prof. S. has ex- plored the greater part of N. Amer., and has 7 times visited Europe. His collection of min- erals and meteorites at Amh. Coll. is the best in the U.S., and is only surpassed by those of the British Museum and the Imperial Cabinet of Vienna. Besides scientific papers in period- icals, addresses, pamphlets, &e., he pub. in 1832 his " Treatise on Mineralogy," of which a 3d ed., greatly enlarged, appeared in 1855; and in 1837 a Report on the Geology of Ct. — Ap/ileton. Shepard, Samuel, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1819), Cong, pasior of Lenox, Ms., from 30 April, 1795, to his d. 5 Jan. 1846, b. Chatham (now Portland), Ct., Nov. 19, 1772. Y.C. 1793. He was in 1834-46 vice-pres., and many years one of the trustees, of Wras. Coll. His pulpit- oratory was of a high order, and he pub. some occasional sermons. Shepard, Thomas, clergyman and author, b. Towcester, England, Nov. 5, 1605 ; d. Cam- bridge, Mii., Aug. 25, 1649. Educated at Eman. Coll., Camb. On obtaining his degree of A.M. in 1627, he became a preacher at Earls Coin, Essex, remaining until silenced for nonconformity in 1630. After passing some time " with the kind family of the Uarla- kendens," he removed to Buttercrambe, near York, where he resided in the family of Sir Richard Darby, whose dau. he m., and preached in the vicinity until again silenced. After a similar result at Heddon, Northumberland, he resolved to emigrate to N. England. He sailed from Gravesend with Messrs. Wilson and Jones in " The Defence," which landed them safely at Boston, Oct. 3, 1635. Succeeding Messrs. Hooker and Stone as minister of Cam- bridge, Feb. 1, 1636, he remained there till his death. He was active in founding Harv. Coll., and was one of its most efficient patrons. Its location at Cambridge was du'- to him. He pub. "Theses Sabbaticas," "The Matter of the Visible Church," " The Church-Member- ship of Little Children," a letter entitled " New England's Lamentation for Ohl Eng- land's Errours," several sermons, " The Sincere Convert," "The Sound Believer," and "The Parable of the Ten Virgins Opened," pub. after his death in a folio volume. The two latter, with his "Meditations and Spiritual Experi- ence," and a treatise on Evangelical Conver- sion, have been lately reprinted in Eng. in a popular form. Shepard's Autobiog. was first printed in 1832 for the Shepard Cong. Society at Cambridge. It also appears in Young's " Chronicles." His works were pub. Boston, 1853, 3 vols. Svo. A MS. vol. by him is in the library of the N. E. Historic-Geneal. Soc, Boston. Shepard, Gen. William, b. Dec. 1, 1737; d. Westfield, Ms., Nov. 11, 1817. He served si.x years in the Provincial army (1757-63); was a captain under Amherst, and was in the battles at Fort Wm. Henry and Crown Point. Entering the Revol. army as lieut.-col. in Col. T. Danielson's regt., he was transferred to Col. Learned's regt.; was in 1777 app. col. of the 4th Ms. Regt., and continued in the service with the reputation of a brave and efficient officer till 1783, participating in 22 engage- ments. Summoned from his farm by the Shays Insurrection in 1786, at which time he was a brig.-gen. of militia, he prevented the in- surgents from capturing the arsenal at Spring- field. Mcjnberof the exec, council in 1788-90, and held other public trusts. He was a major- gen, of militia, and M.C. in 1797-1803. Like many of his brave companions in arms, he was in his old age poor and destitute, an obitu- ary notice speaking of his equanimity under " iJelisarian " sufferings. Shepherd, Nathaniel G., poet and ar- tist, b. New York, 1835; d. there May 23, 1869. He studied in his native city; taught writing and drawing in Ga. several years, and, on his return to New York, engaged in the ins. business, devoting his leisure to study and to poetry. As a war corresp. for the Trihmie, he visited Va. and the vicinity of Fort Sumter, returning in the fall of 1863. " The Dead Drummer-Boy," which appeared in Huifier's iliiijazine, was one of the finest poems of the v\-ar. He wrote successfully for the periodicals and illustrated papers of the day. Shepherd, Oliver Lathrop, hrev. brig.- gen. IIS. A., b. N. Y. West Point, 1840. Entering the 3d Inf., he became 1st licut. 3 Nov. 1845 ; capt. I Dec. 1847 ; lieut.-col. (18th Inf.) 14 May, 1861 ; col. (15th) 21 Jan. 186-3. He served in the Florida war 1841-2; in the Mexican war in the battles of Palo Alto, Besaca de la Palma ; was brev. capt. 20 Aug. 1847 (for Contreras and Churubusco) ; and major 13 Sept. 1847 (for Chapultepei) ; was engaged against the Apache Indians in Mar. 1856; in the Gila exped. 1857; was engaged in the Tenn. and M pi. campaign, Dec. 1861- June, 1862; and in the siege of Corinth, rout of Confed. camp, 17 May; pursuit of Confcds. to Baldwin, Mpi., May 30-31; in Buell's cam- SHE paign in Ky. July-Sept. 1862; in Gen. Rose- cianz's Teiin. campaign, com. a brigade of regulars in battle of Stone River .31 Dec. 1862, for which brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865; brev. col. 17 Miiv, 1862, for sicfre of Corinth, Mni. ; retired Jiiiv la, 1870. — Cullum. Shepley, Ethek, ll.u. (D.C. 18+5), judge and senator, b. Groton, Ms., Nov. 2, 1789. Dartm. Coll. 18U. He lommenced the practice of law in Saco, but subsequently set- tled in Portland ; was in the Ms. legisl. in 1819 ; » member of the M.',. Const. Conv. in 1820; was in 1821-3.3 U.S. any. fur Mo. ; was U.S. sena- tor in 18.J.3-6; Sept! 2.3, \S''>r,, lie was chosen a justiceof the SiipLcine Court uf M'^ ; and Oct. 20, 1848, chief justice, which position he held until 1855. While on the bench, he furnished material for 26 vols, of Reports, and, as sole commissioner, was app. to revise the statutes of Me., puMished 1857. Shepley, George Foster, son of the pre- ceding, b. Saco, Me., Jan. 1, 1819. Dartm. Coll. 1837. He studied at the Harvard Law School and at Portland ; began to practise law at Ban- gor in 1840; removed to Portland, and, under Pres. Polk, was app. U. S. dist -atty., which post he held till 1861. When civil war broke out, he became col. 12th Me. Vols., and, taking part in Gen. Butler's exped., acted as com. of a brigade. On the surrender of N. Orleans, he was made commandant of the city, and July 18, 1862, brig.-gen., and military gov. of La. from June 2, 1862, to 1864; milit. gov. of Bicli- niond, Va., on its surrender 3 Apr. 1865. Re- signed July 1, 1865, and resumed practice in Portland. Now (1871) U.S. circ. judge 1st Sheppard, John H., b. Cirencester, Eng., Mar. 17, 1789.y H.U. 1808. His parents came to America in 1793, and settled at Hallowell, Me. Adm. to the Me. bar in 1810; settled in Wiscasset ; was register of probate for Lincoln Co. 1817-34; removed to Boston 1842; libra- rian N. E. H. G. Soc. 1861-9. Author of a "Life of Com. Tucker of the Revol. Navv," 12mn, 1868 ; of contriljs. to the N.E.U.C. lie gisler ; of several Masonic addresses; " Vindi- cation of Masonry," 1831 ; an elegy on Benj. Vaughan, LL.D.; and of occasional and otlier fusitive poems. Sherbrooke, Sir Jobs Co-\pe, a British gen.; d. Feb. 14, 1830, at C:\Iv.rfon, X.itts. Ajpp. a captain in 1783; lieiit, ^ "I IT'U; ml. 1798; lieut.-gen. 1811 ; col. of itv ■■■:•„], isiS; full gen. May, 1825. He distin-. h.msrlt ,„ the taking of Seringapatam in 1797. In 1809 he was app. to the statf of the army in the Penin- sula ; and at the battle of Talavera was second in command. For bis conduct in that situation he was app. soon afterwards lieut.-gov. of Nova Scotia ; and from there he was removed, in the beginning of 1816, to the govt, of Lower Canada. He returned to England in Aug. 1818. Sherburne, Andrew, a pensioner of the Ecvol. navv. afterwards a Baptist minister, h. Rye, N.H.,'Sept. 30, 1765 ; d. Augusta, Oneida Co., N.Y., after March, "1831. Author of an Autobiography, pub. in 1828; 2d ed. Provi- dence, 1831, r2mo. Sherburne, Col. Henry, Revol. officer, d. collector of Newport, 1824. N. J. Coll. 1759. Maj. in Varnum's regt., and taken pris- oner at the " Cedars;" afterwards a col. in iho army ; commiss. to settle the accounts of R.I. with the U.S. ; representative of Newport in the R.L Assembly, and tr^'a-i. of IM. 1 792-1 318. Sherburne, ('"L. John Hicnuy, n-gistcr of the navv dept. Wasliiii;.'tiin, D.t.'., 1825, b. Portsmouth, N.H. Son of Jndg.- John Sam- uel. Author of LifLM>f Paul Jones," Svo, 1825; " Tourist's Guide in Europe," Svu, 1 847 ; " Sui>- pressed History of the Ailininistration of John Adams, 1797-1801," 1846; "Osceola," a tra- gedy ; " Naval Sketches ; " " Erratic Poems ; " "Etiquette." Sherburne, John Samuel, judge, b. Portsmouth, N.H., 1757; d. 2 Aug. 1830. Dartm. Coll. 1776. He attended the H. Coll. Law School. Served as aide to Gen. Whipple in the Revol. war, and lost his left leg by a can- non-shot at the battle of Butt's Hill, R.L, 29 Au-. 1778. Judge N.II. Sup. Ct. ; M.C. 179.3- 7; U.S. dist.-atty. 1801-4; judge U.S. Dist. Ct. 1804-30. Sheridan, Philip Henry, lient.-gen. U.S. A., b. Somerset, Perry Co., O., Mar.' 6, 1831. West Point, 1853. Entering the 1st Inf., he served in Texas until in 1855 he joined the 4th Inf., with which he served in Oregon, receiving special mention for gallantry in action with the Indians at the Cascades of the Cohinjliia, Apr. 28, 1856, and for meritorious conduct in the settlement of the difficulty with the Coquillo Indians on Yakima Bav. 'Capt. 1.3tli Inf. May 14, 1861 ; pres. of the milit. coninii-, to an. lit claims in Mo. during the shiiiiih r i4 l^r.l ; Dec. 24, 1861, made qnarl'T. - 1 . !ii .f commissary ofthe Army ol I h^ 1;- ing the same duties on the si.ii; : i . n 1! rk at Corinth, May 10, 1862. App. .ul. :2U .Mieh. Cav. May 25, he took part in the succcsslul exped. to destroy the Mobile and 0. Railroad at Booneville, Mpi. ; defeated Forrest's cavalry, June 6; took com. of the 2d brig, of cavalry, with which he re])ulsed and defeated a superior Coiifed. force under Chalmers at Booneville, Julv 1, the date of his commission of brig.-gen. In Aug he defeated Faulkner's Cav. near Rien- zi, Mjji. ; Sept. 20 he took com. of the 3d div. of the Army of the Ohio ; and Oct. 1 he was transferred to the 1 1th division, which he led at PerryviUe. In the advance tn ^r^rflvesborolr.'h, Dec. 26, heledadixi^inn nnd. r Cn .M ( ;.K.k, and contribuled greatlv t-. th ■ .-iii [■.-.-lul i-uo of the battle of Stone Kiv.r ; niaj.-geii. \.>ls. Dec. 31, 1862. He rendered signal service at the battles of Mission. Ridge and Chickamauga ; was transf. to the Army of the Potomac as chief of cav. 4 Apr. 1864 ; routed the Confed. cav. in several engagements; Aug. 1, 1864, was detached to the Shenandoah Valley ; defeated Early at Winchester Sept. 19, Fisher's Hill Sept. 22, and at Cedar Creek Oct. 19, where he turned disaster into victory ; and finally, in co-operation with Gen. Grant, compelled Lee's surrender at Appomattox C.H., after gaining the decisive victory of Five Forks, Apr. 1 , 1 865, and capturing ab. 6,000 men at Sailor's Creek, April 6. After the war he performed valualilo service in Texas and La., enforcing the recon- struction acts, for which he was removed by SHE Pres. Johnson in Aug. 1857. Brig.-gcn. U.S.A. 20 Sept. 1864; maj.-gen. 8 Nov. 1864; liuut.- gen. Mar. 4, 1869. Sherman, Ch.4.bles R., jurist, b. Norwalk, Ct., 26 Sept. 1788; d. Lebanon, O., 24 June, 1829. Son of Taylor Sherman, well known in the political and civil annals of Ct. Charles E. settled in Fairfield Co., O., in 1810, in the practice of the law. He vias eminently suc- cessful at the bar, and soon had a wide-spread reputation and practice. Ho held tJic office of revenue collector for Fairfield Co., but became poor through the frauds of his deputies. Jud;,'e of the Sup. Court of Ohio from 1825 to tiLi d. Judge Sherman left three sons, — Wm. Tccum- Beh, now gen.-in-chief U.S.A. ; John, now U.S. senator from O. ; Charles T., now U.S. dist. judge Northern Dist. of Ohio. Sherman, John, minister of Watcrtown, Ms., from 1647 to his d. Aug. S, 1685, b. Dod- ham, Eng., 26 Dec. 1613. A.M. of Camb. U., Eng., 1633. His Puritanism took him to N. Eng. in 1634. He preached some time in Ct., and was chosen a magistrate of that Colony 27 May, 1641. He was a disting. divine, an emi- nent mathematician, and pub. a numberof alma- nacs enriched with pious reflections. He was a fellow of H.U., and delivered lectures there. Sherman, John, grandson of Roger, b. N. Haven, Ct., 1772; d. Aug. 2, 1828, at the " Rural Resort," Trenton Falls, N.Y., built by him in 1822. Y.C. 1792. Pastor of the First Church, Mansfield, Ct., Not. 1797-Oct. 1805, and of the Unitarian church, Trenton Falls, for a short time from Mar. 9, 1806. Author of " One Grod in One Person Only," &c., 8vo, 1805, the first formal and elaborate defence of Uuitarianism that appeared in N.E. ; " A View of Eccles. Proceedings in Windham Co.," 1805; "Philosophy of Language Illus- trated," 1826; "Description of Trenton Falls, N.Y.," 1827. — Sprufjue. Sherman, Johx, statesman, son of Chas. R., and bro. of Gen. Wm. T., b. Lancaster, O., May 10, 1823. Adm. to the bar in 1844 ; dele- gate to the Whig convs. of 1844 and '48 ; M.C. 1855-61; U.S. senator since 1861. A leading member of the finance committee through the civil war, and tor some time its chairman. Sherman and Thad. Stevens were the authors of the bill enacted in 1S66-7 for tlie recon- struction of the seceded States. Sherman, Roger, signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Newton, Ms., Apr. 19, 1721 ; d. New Haven, Ct., July 23, 1793. He was a shoe- maker till after he was 22 years old, and after his father's death in 1741 supported his mother and several younger children, devoting all his leisure to study, especially of mathematics. In 1743 he went to N. Milford, Ct., and soon after- ward joined an elder bro. in keeping a small store ; in 1745 he was app. county surveyor of lands, and for several years from 174S fur- nished the astronomical calculations for an al- manac pub. in N.T. Having studied law, he was adm. to the bar in 1754 ; was several times elected to the Assembly; and in 1759 was app. judge of the C.C.P. He removed to N. Haven inl761; became judge of C.C.P. therein 1765; an assist, in 1766, holding the latter office 19 years, and the judgeship till 1789, a portion of the time on the bench of the Superior Court ; in 1774 he was app. a member of Congress, — a post in which he continued till his death, at which time he held a scat in the U.S. senate ; he was also a member of the council of safety, and, from 1734 tiU his death, mayor of New Haven; aud he was many years treas. of Y.C. In the Congress of 1 776 he was one of the com. app. to draught the Decl. of Indep. ; aud dur- ing the war he served on many important com- mittees, and was successively a member of the board of war and ordnance, and of the board of treasury. In 1783 he was associated with an- other judge in codifying the laws of Ct. Hs had been one of the com. which framed the old Articles of Confederation, and was one of the most efficient members of the Const. Conv. of 1787, and was chiefly instrumental in securing the ratification of the Constitution by the State Conv. of Ct. His services to the country were invaluable. He was a man of great common sense, and, according to Jefterson, " never said a foolish tiling in liis life." Sherman, Roger Minot, LL.D. (Y.C. 1S29), jurist, b. Wobum, Ms., May 22, 1773; d. Fairfield, Ct., Dec. 30, 1844. Y.C. 1792; tutor there in 1 795. A nephew of the preced- ing. Adin. to the bar in 1796, and opened an office in Fairfield, where he passed the rc^t of his life, soon obtaining an honorable and lu- crative practice. Member of the Gen. Assem- bly in 1798 ; of the State senate in 1814-18 ; a delegate in 1814 to the Hartford Convention; judge of the Superior Court and the Suprem» Court of Errors, May, 1840-2. Sherman, Thomas W., brev. major-gen. U.S.A., b. New-port, R.I., 26 Mar. 1813. West Point, 1836. Enteiing 3d Art., he became 1st lieut. Mar. 14, 1838; capt. May 28, 1846; brev. major for gallantry at Buena Vista, Feb. 23, 1847 ; lieut. in 1786, gov. of the Leeward Islands, b. Boston, d. Mar. 1800. — See Drake's Ptirtic. Hist, of Ihe Five Years' French and Ind. War, 1744-9. Short, Charles, LL.D., scholar, b. Ha- verhill, Ms., 1821. H.U. 1846. Assist, instr. Phillips Acad. 1847 ; master of the Roxbury Classical School 1847-53, and of a private classical school in Phila. 1853-63; pres. of Kenyon Coll., 0., 1863-7; prof, of Latin in Co- lumbia Coll., N.Y., since Mar. 2, 1868. He ed- ited, with additions. Advanced Latin Exercises in Schmitz and Zumpt's Classical Series, and Mitchell's Ancient Geog. 1860; assisted in the preparation of several classical works ; contrib- uted many valuable papers to reviews ; and has translated articles from the German for Her- zog's Real Encyclop. — AUibone. Short, WiLLAM, diplomatist, b. Spring Garden, Va., Sept. 30, 1759; d. Phila. Dec. 5, 1849. Wm. and Mary Coll. He was at an early age a member of the exec, council of Va., and, on the app. of Jefferson as minister to France in 1784, was joined with him as sec. of lej^ation. In 1789 Mr. Short was appointed charge d'affaires to the French republic by Washington ; and he had the honor of holding the first exec, commission signed by him, and of being the first citizen app. to office under the Federal Constitution. During the admin- istration of Gen. Washington he was succces- sively minister res. at the Hague, and com- miss. and subsequently minister to Spain. His State papers, and especially those connected with the important negotiations relative to the Spanish boundaries and rights in connection with Fla. and the Mpi., which resulted in the treaty of 1 795, are marked by great clearness, ability, good temper, and research. Shreve, Capt. Henry M., a pioneer in the steam navigation of the West; d. St. Louis, Mar. 6, 1851. He was for nearly 40 years constantly connected with commerce in that region. U.S. supt. of Western river improve- ments, and by the use of the steam snag-boat, of which he was the inventor, added largely to the safety of Western commerce. He was also employed by Gen. Jackson in several hazard- ous enterprises during the war of 1812. On the memorable 8th of Jan. 1815 he superin- tended one of the field-pieces, which was so de- structive to that column of the British army which was led by Gen. Kean. Shreve, Thomas H., editor and poet, b. Alexandria, D.C., 1808; d. Louisville, Ky., Dec. 23, 1853. At first a merchant, he.moved to Cincinnati in 1830; became associate editor of the Mirror in 1834 ; removed to Louisville in 1833 ; and ab. 1842 became an editor of the Louisville Journal. Besides his contribs. to pe- riodicals, he wrote " Drayton, an American Tale," pub. in 1851. He was a Quaker in his religions faith, and a man of high and noble character. — Poets and Poetry of the West. Shubriek, the name of several gallant officers of the U.S. navy, natives of S.C., sons of Col. Thomas, aide to Gens. Greene and Lincoln in the Revol. war, b. 1755, d. Charles- ton, S.C, 4 Mar. 1810. John Taylor, b. 12 Sept. 1788, d. July, 1815. Midshipm. 20June, 1806; lieut. 28May, 1812. He was in " Tha Chesapeake" in her affair with "The Leo- pard" in 1807 ; in the action of" The Consti- tution " with " The Guerriere " in Aug. ; and with "The Java," 29 Dec. 1812; of "Tha Hornet "with " The Peacock," 24 Vvh^ 1813 (for which he received medals from ConLTCss); of " The President" when captured by a British squad, in Jan. 1815; and on the conclusion of peace was despatched to the U.S. in com. of " The Epervier " with the treaty. This vessel was never afterward heard from. William Branford, b. 31 Oct. 1790. Midshipman 20 June, 1806; lieut. 6 Jan. 1813; com, 28 Mar. 1820; capt. 21 Feb. 1831; rear-adm, (ret. list) 16 July, 1862. Com. battery of 1 gun on Craney Island in the repulse of the British forces 22 June, 1813; lieut. in "The Constitution" in action with " The Cyane " and " Levant," 20 Feb. 1815 ; com. squad, in the Pacific in 1847, and captured Mazatlan and other ports from the Mexicans ; com. Brazil squad, and Para- guay cxped. 1859. Chairman li;;ht-house board 1860-70. I^dward Rutlldge d. at sea 12 Mar. 1844, a. ab. 50. Midshipm. 16 Jan. 1809; lieut. 9 Oct. 1813; com. 24 Apr. 1828 ; capt. 9 Feb. 1837. Served under Com. Rodgcrs in the war of 1812-15; app. to com. the Columbia, Brazilian squad., May, 1842. Ikvine, b. 1797, d. Phila. 5 Apr. 1849. Mid- shipm. 12 May, 1814; lieut. 13 Jan. 1826; com. 8 Sept. 1841. Served under Decatur in the action of " The President " with the Brit- ish squad, in 1815, also in the war with Algiers in 1816; as 1st lieut. of "The Potomac" iu 1832, headed the sailors and marines in the de- struction of Quallah Battoo. Shulze, John Andrew, gov. of Pa. in 1823-9, b. Tulpchocken, Berks Co., July 19, 1775 ; d. Lancaster, Nov. 18, 1852. Son of a Lu theran clergy man . He represen ted Lebanon County for several years in the State legisl. ; chosen gov. by the Democ. party. Shunk, Francis R., gov. of Pa. 1845-8, b. Montgomery Co., Pa., Aug. 7, 1788; d. Harrisburg, July 30, 1848. He became a teacher at the age of 15; in 1812 was app. a clerk in the surveyor-general's dept., at the same time studied law ; assisted as a soldier iu the defence of Baltimore in 1814; was soon afterwards assist, and then principal clerk in the house of representatives for several years ; next became sec. to the board of canal com- mis.; in 1838 was sec. of state; next established himself in the practice of law at Pittsburg. Shurtleff, Nathaniel Bradsteeet, M.D., antiquary, mayor of Boston 1868-70, b. Boston, June 29, 1810. H.U. 1831. Son of Dr. Benjamin. Has pub. " Epitome of Phre- nology," 1835; "Perpetual Calendar for Old and New Style," 1848; "Passengers of the May Flower in 1020," 1849; " Brief Notice of Wm. Shurtleff of Marshfield," 1850; "Gene- alogy of the Leverett Family," 1850 ; " Thun- der and Lightning, and Deaths in Mar.shfield in 1658 and 1666," 1850; "Records of Ms. Bay, 1628-86," 6 vols. 4to ; " Topog. Descrip- 827 tion of Boston," Svo, 1871 ; edited, with David Pulsifer," Records of New Plymouth," 12 vols. 4to. Shute, Daniel, D.D., minister, of Hing- ham, Ms., from Dec. 10, 1746, to 1800, h. Maiden, July 19, 1722; d. Aug. 30, 1802. H.U. 1743. Member of the convention to adopt the Constitution of the U.S. He pub. occasional si-rmons. Shute, Samuel, gov. of Ms. 1716-23, b. Lond. 16.^3; d. Eng. Apr. 15, 1742. Educat- ed at Leyden. He served in the army of King William ; was a lieut.-col. under Marlborough, and was wounded in one of the great battles in Flanders. During his administration he had a warm controversy with the legisl., who would not fix his salary, denied his right to negative the speaker, and assumed his powers as com. in chief. After his return to Eng., an explanatory charter was procured in 1724, con- firming the gov. in the rights for which he had contended. Siamese Twins, Cn.iNG and Eng, b. Bangesau, on the north-west cornerof the Gulf of Siam, 1810. The father was a Chinaman, the mother a Siamo-Chinese woman. They were brought to the U.S. at the age of 18 by Capt. Abel Coffin, and exhibited throughout this country and Europe; realized a compe- tence; married 2 sisters (mulattoes) in 1842, and settled in Surrey Co., N.C. Each has 9 children. They revisited Europe in 1868-9. Sibley, Maj. George Champlain, b. Great Barringion, Ms., 1782; d. Elma, Mo., 31 Jan. 1863. Son of Dr. John, a surgeon in the liuvol. war. His youth was spent in N.C. Pres. Jefferson app. him an Indian agent, and, with 100 Osage warriors, he explored the Grand Saline and Salt Mountain, a report of which cxped. was pub. Afterward a commiss. to lay out a road from Mo. to N. Mexico, and made several treaties with the Indians. Many years president of the St. Charles Co. Bible Society of Mo. ; trustee and patron of Linden- wood College. Sibley, Henrt H., gen. C.S.A., b. La. ab. 1815. West Point, 1838. Entering 2d Dragoons, he served in the Fla. war ; became capt. Feb. 16, 1847 ; brev. major for gallantry at Medellin, Mexico, March 25, 1847 ; Feb. 7, 1761, became major 1st Dragoons, being then in service against the Navajoes in N. Mex- ico ; and resigned May 13, 1861. He was app. brig.-gen. in the Confed. army, and led a force from Texas for the conquest of New Mexico. He attacked Fort Craig, Jan. 5, 1862, but was repulsed, and obliged to retreat. In 1870 he entered the service of the khedive of Egypt as gen. of brigade of artillery. Sibley, Gen. Henry H., b. Detroit, Mich., Feb. 1811. Son of Judge Solomon. Many years an Indian trader in the employ of the Amer. Fur Company at Mackinaw and Fort Snelling ; delegate to Congress from Minne- sota Terr, in 1849-53 ; first gov. of Minn, in 1858 ; brig.-gen. of vols. 29 Sept. 1862; com. an exped. against the Minnesota Indians in 1863; and afterward brev. maj.-gen. of vols. Delegate to the Cleveland Soldiers' Conven- tion of 1866. Sibley, John Langdon, b. Union, Me., Dec. 29, 1804. H.U. 1S25. Assist, lib. there 1825-6 and 1841-56; librarian since 1856; ord. at Stow, Ms., May 4, 1829 ; di.sm. Mar. 31, 1833. Anthor of " History of Union, Me.," 1851; "Notices of the Triennial Catalogues of H.U., with a Ueprint of the Catalogues of 1674, 1682, and 1700," 1865. In 1837 he be- came the editor, and afterward prnpriotor, of the American Mag. ofdf irid F I'rrt. KnowL, and since 1841 has rdr ; I',; iiial Cata- logues of H.U., and : . i - - ^ I i:. Annual Catalogues. He is mm (l-;ii :mimui; ])ub. a biog. record of the early gjiuluaius ul H.U. Sibley, Solomon,' judge, b. button, Ms., Oct. 7, 1769; d. Detroit, Apr. 4, 1846. He studiedlaw. Removed to Ohio in 1795; estab- lished himself first at Marietta, and then atCin- cinnati. He removed to Detroit in 1797 ; was in 1799 elected to the first Terr, legisl. of the N. W. Terr. ; was a delegate to Congress from Mich. Terr, in 1820-3; and judge of the Supreme Court in 1824-36. Sickles, Gen. Daniel E., b. N. Y. City, Oct. 20, 1821. U. ofN.Y. He studied law; was adm. to the bar in 1844 ; became a mem- ber of the legisl. in 1847, and took a prominent position among the leaders of the Denioc. party; in 1853. he became corporation atty. ; and was sec. of legation in Eng. to Mr. Buchanan until 1855 ; he was then elected State senator, and in 1855 a representative in Congress. Feb. 27, 1859, he killed Philip Barton Key, U.S. dist. atty. for D.C., shooting him in the streets of Washington, for criminal connection with Mr. Sickles's wife. He was tried for murder, but acquitted. He was re-elected to Congress in 1860. In 1861 he raised the Excelsior Brigade in New York, and was made colonel. His com- mission as brig.-gen. was dated Sept. 3, 1861. Ho fou'iht in thcliattles of the Chickahominy eaiii; :ii,ii. !ii- li i jade forming part of Hooker's di.. I II -' Iman's (.3d) army corps. II r I. Hooker's command when tlini •■\\\f 1 i'">k the 1st army corps, and led that division at Antietam and Fredericks- burg. He com. the 3d army corps in the battles near Chancellorsville, Va., May 2, 1863 ; and at Gettysburg, Pa., where ho lost a leg, July 2, 1863. Maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; col. 42d Inf. July 28, 1866; retired as maj.-gen. Apr. 14, 1869; minister to Spain 1869; now (1871) coll. int. rev. 4th dist. Pa. Sec. gen. sup. council of Freemasons. Anthor of Ma- sonic Monitor, 1864; General Ahiman Rezon and Freemason's Guide, 1866. Sigel, Gen. Franz, b. Zinsheim, Baden, Nov. 18, 1824. Was grad. at the military school of Carlsruhe; entered the service of Baden ; but in 1 848 resigned, and devoted him- self to German unity and republicanism. The revol. govt., June. 1, 1848, app. him minister of war. After the defeat of Mieroslawski by the Prince of Prussia, Sigel, who had taken part in these battles, at the head of this beaten and dispirited force, by a skilful retreat placed it safely within the walls of the fortress of Ras- tadt. Upon the flight of the provis. govt., Sigel (July 11) withdrew to Switzerland ; ex- pelled by the Swiss govt., he came in 1850 to New York, taught mathematics in the acad. of Dr. Rudolph Dalon, and afterward ra. his dau. 828 col. 3il Mo. Vols. L'uder Gcii. Lyon lit; took part in the capture of Camp Jauk.son ; was sent into S.W. Missouri, June 23 ; fought the battle of Canhage, July .5, when, with ab. 1 ,200 men, he engaged 5,000', upon whom, in retreat- ing, he inflicted very severe loss ; took part in the battle of Wilson's Creek, and directed the retreat from Springfield, arriving at Holla Aug. 19. Made brig.-gen., dating from May 1 7, 1 861 , he commanded a division in Fremont's army, which in Oct. pursued the Confederates under Price; was again sent to the South-west bj' Gen. Halleck, Feb. 1862, commaiuliiig a division ; and bore a prominent jiart in the hat- tie of Pea Ridge. His relations with Gen. Hal- leck, commander of the department, bicoming teparti ed in May, but unsatisfactory, he resigm made major-gen., dating from March 21, and ordered to the com. of Harper's Ferry, where he arrived Jime 2. SucceecUng to the com. of Fremont's army corps June 26, he sened through the campaign of Va. under Gen. Pope ; took a prominent part in the second battle of Bull Hun, Aug. 29-30; and Sept. 14 was put at the head of the 11th army corps. Early in Mar. 1864 he was placed in com. of the dept. of West Virginia. He was defeated by Gen. Breckenridge at New Market 15 May, and was relieved of the com. by Gen. Hunter. He evacuated Martinsburg 2 July, and on the 3d was driven from Leetown, and took a position at Maryland Heights. Elected register of N. Y. City and Co. Nov. 1871. Signay, Joseph, Catholic archbishop of Quebec; d. Oct. 3, 1850, a. 71. Made bishop in 1833, archbishop in 1844. Sigourney, Lydia Howakd Hontley, authoress, b. Norwich, Ct., Sept. 1, 1791 ; d. Hartford, June 10, 1865. She enjoyed special educational advantages. At the age of 18 she engaged in teaching a young ladies' school at Norwich ; opened a select school at Hartford in 1814 ; and in 1815 pub. " Moral Pieces in Prose and Verse." She early manifested poetic tal- ent, and had pub. articles in periodicals. In 1819 she m. Charles Sigourney, a merchant of Hartford. Her poems, generally lyrical, are mostly on religious or serious topics ; and her publications number 59 vols. In 1840 she vis- ited Europe; and in 1842 pub. her "Pleasant Memories of Pleasant Lands." She has pub. "Traits of the Aborigines," a poem, 1822; " Lays from the West," pub. in London ; " A Sketch of Connecticut Forty Years Since," a prose volume, 1824; "Letters to Young La- dies;" "Letters to Mothers;" "Poetry for Children ; " " Zinzendorf and Other Poems," 1835 ; " Pocahontas and Other Poems," 1841 ; a choice collection of her miscellaneous poems, illustrated by Darley, in 1848 ; " Scenes in my Native LanS," 1845; "How to be Happy,'' 1833 ; " Biography and Writings of Nancy JL Hyde," 1816 ; " Select Poems," 1834 ; " Poems for the Sea," 1845 ; " Voice of Flowers," 1845 ; ' "Letters to mv Pupils," 1851 ; "Memoirs of Mrs. Harriet N. Cook," 1852; "Past Meri- dian." 1855; "The Man of Uz, and other Poems," 1862; "Gleanings," 1860; "Selec- tions from Various Sources," 1863; and a pos- thumous vol.t" Letters of Life," 1866. Sill, Gen. Joshua Woodrow, b. Chilli- cothe, O., Dec I'. l-:i: lillrd in battle at Murfreesboriiiu' 1' "!,'- l'. West Point, 1853. Son oil; ^ Ml Entering the ordnance dept., - i- m-iiLictor at West Point 1854-7; reM-nin^ 20 Jan. 1861, he ac- cepted the professorship of mathematics and civil eng. in the Brooklyn Coll. and Polyt. In- stitution. This post he rcsic^ncrt when Sumter fell; wasmaili' :i i r nli _ n of O. in May, and 27 Aug. r-' ■ ' i "■ , \ ,,;. ; aud was in the combat ut I;, M .i i II .Inly, 1861. He com. a bri-.i'i' i;i i .. ii liinhrll's ilivision in Ky. ; and was made briu.-<;en. 16 July, 1862, having taken part in the Huntsville ex.- ped. and the action at Battle Creek, Tenn. When Gen. McCook took com. of an army corps, Sill was assigned to the com. of a divis- ion, and was in the battle of Perryville 8 Oct., the pursuit of Bragg's forces, and the move- ment to Nashville. On the re-organization of the army under Maj.-Gen. Rosecranz, he was placed in com. of a brigade in Sheridan's divis- ion. He fell at the head of this brigade, with which he had three times checked the furious onset of the foe upon the right w^ing on the dis- astrous Wednesday of the battle of Stone River. Silliman, Benjamin, LL.D. (Mid. Coll. 1826), physicist, b. N. Stratford, Ct., Aug. 8, 1779; d. N. Haven, Nov. 24, 1864. Y.C. 1796; tutor there 1799-1804. Son of Gold Sellcck Silliman. He studied law, and was adm. to the bar in 1802 ; app. in 1802 prof, of chemistry in Y. C, a science then in its infancy in the U.S. After 2 years' study in Phila. with Dr. Wood- house, he delivered at N. Haven in 1 804 a par- tial course of lectures on chemistry to the stu- dents of the coll. ; in the winter of 1805 ho gave his first full course of lectures, and then visited Europe to prosecute his studies ; after an ab- sence of 14 months he resumed his professor- shii). He pub. "Journal of Travels in Eng- land, Holland, and Scotland in 1803-6," pub. in 1810 (2 vols. 8vo) and in 1820 (3 vols. 12mo). Soon after liis return he made a geological sur- vey of a part of Ct., which is believed to hare been the first of these explorations made in the U.S. He pub. a full account of a meteorite of great size and splendor, which in Dec. 1807 threw oil' large fragments in the town of Wes- ton, Ct. In 1813 he pub. in the "Memoirs of the Ct. Acad, of Ai-ts and Sciences " an account of his experiments with the oxy-hydrogen blow- pipe of Dr. Hare, by which he had greatly ex- tended the list of bodies known to be fusible. In 1818 Prof. Silliman founded the American Journal of Science and Art, of which for 20 years he was sole, and for 8 years more senior, editor. In 1838 his son Benjamin, jun., became asso- ciated with him in editing the work ; and in 1846 it was transferred by the senior editor to Profs. J. D. Dana and B. Silliman, jun. Prof. S. was a frequent lecturer upon chemistry and geology in most of the populous towns and cities of the Union. In 1 830 he pub. a text- book on Chemistry, 2 vols. ; and in 1829 an edition of Bakewell's Geology, with Notes. An "Account of a Joui-ney between Hartford SIL 829 SIM and Quebec" appeared from his pen in 1820. He spent 6 months of 1851 in Europe, and in 1853 pub. "A Visit to Europe in 1851," 2 vols. 12mo. In 1853 he resigned his professorship, and was made prof, emeritus ; but at the request of his colleagues he continued to lecture on ge- ology till June, 1855, when he gave his closing academic course. lie was a member of numer- ous American and European scientific societies. — See Life of SilVman by Prof. Geo. P. Fisher, 2 vols. 8vo,'l866. Silliman, Benjamin, Jun., M.D. (U. of S.C. 1849), phvsicist, son of the preceding, li. New Haven, Ct., Dec. 4, 1816. Y.C. 1837. lie was an instructor at Yale in chemistry, miner- alogy, and geology in 1838-47, and in 1842 opened a laboratory for instruction in analyti- cal chemistry; in 1846 he was app. prof, of chemistry applied to the arts in the scientilic school of the coll., which he was chiefly instru- mental in organizing. He became assoc. editor of the ./oumal of Science with his father in 1838, and in 1846 was assoc. with Prof. Dana as edi- tor and proprietor. In 1849-54 he was prof, of medical chemistry and toxicology in the U. of Louisville, Ky. ; and in 1854 sitcceeded his father as prof, of chemistry in Y.C, which po- sition he now holds. In 1 853 he had charge of the depts. of chemistry, mineralogy, and ge- ology in the Crystal-Palace Exhibition in New York, and, in connection with Mr. C. B. Good- rich, prepared the " Illustrated Record " and the " Progress of Science and Art " then pub. In 1851 he visited Em-ope with his father, and prepared from his notes the " Visit to Europe," pub. in 1853. He was several years sec. of the Araer. A.ssociation for the Advancement of Science, and had charge of the publication of its "Proceedings." He is well known as a lec- turer on scientific topics. Besides about 60 papers in the .Toiimal of Science, he has pub. "First Principles of Chemistry," 1846, revised in 1856; and "Principles of Physics," 1858.— Appleton. Silliman, Gold Selleck, b. nciir Fair- field, Ct., ab 1730; d. there July, 1790. Y.C. 1752. A lawyer on the breaking-out of tlie Revol., and a col. of local ciiv.nlry, he sen-ed as brig.-gen., and during most of the war charged with the defence of the south-western fronliorof Ct. adjoining N.Y. He served in the battle of Long Island at the head of his rcgt., and at White Plains; and was very efficient in re- pelling the raid on Danbury in 1777. Cap- tured by a party of Tories, May 1, 1779, and held captive one year. Father of Prof. Silli- man. Silsbee, Joshua S., comedian, the first to introduce Yankee characterizations into Eng., b. Litchfield, Ct., Jan. 4, 1S15; d. San Fran- cisco, Cal., Dee. 22, 1855. Made his debut in the winter of 1837 in Natchez, Mpi. Sept. 23, 1851, he opened at the Adclphi, London, as Jonathan Plonghboy. Silsbee, Nathaniel, senator, and mer- chant of Salem, Ms., b. Essex Co., 1773; d. Salem, July 1, 1850. His father Nathaniel was a shipmaster in the employ of E. H. Der- by of Salem. The son amassed a fortune by honorable d>'aling; frequently served in each branch of the State legisl. ; in 1823-6 was pres. of the State senate ; M.C. 1816-20; and was a U. S. senator in 1826-35. Simcook, John, Quaker preacher ; d. Ches- ter Co., Pa., Jan. 27, 1703. He was 40 years a minister, and was endowed with great wis- Hc s opinions, both by goods. He settled wns aetivc in en- " K''\:\i in the ti-ue liiHt him 1752; d. dom and spiritual di; great sutl'crer in Eng. for h imprisonment, and loss of early in Chester Co., P:i. ; deavoring to recover ('• "i faith, and afterward in and his party. — (.'.. -:,n-. , S. ..t' ind, ab. 1796; d. Montiv:,! v ,; - , r ,, iso9 to 1820he wa> ■ i i_ n m ;.,n-Miits in London, wIidi ii. v,.,- . iii|,,..i. u ;.» ihr KaH of Selkirk, who was engaged in loiuiding in Canada the Red-river Settlement, to take the lead in the operations of the company; with 831 SKK whom, in 1820, he s.ailcd from Eng., and in May left Montreal for the Nortli-west. Set- tling at Lake Athabasca, he carried on a great competition with the North-west Co. ; but in 1821 the two coalesced, when he was app. gov.- in-chief of Kupert's Land, and gen. supt. of all the Hudson's Bay Co.'s affairs. He planned in 1836 the exped., under his nephew Thomas Simpson, to connect the discoveries of Captains Ross and Buck, evincing such forethought and zeal, that the expedition was perfectly success- ful. It lasted 3 years, and traced the arctic coast of America from the mouth of the Mac- kenzie River to Point Barrow, and from the mouth of the Coppermine River to the Gulf of Boothia. For these services he was knighted by the queen in 18,55. He soon after made an overland journey round the world, of which he pub.averyinterestingnarrative, Lond. 8vo,1847.. Simpson, Henry ; d. Phila. 1868, a. 77. Member of the legisl. of Pa., and aiipraiser of the port of Phila. Author of " The Lives of Eminent Philadelphians," Svo, 1859. — Allilione. Simpson, James H., brig.-gen., and col. of engineer corps U.S.A., b. N.J. ab. 1812. West Point, 18.-!2. A.M. of N.J. Coll. 1848. Entering the 3d Art., he was aide to Gen. Eustis in the Florida war 1837-8; 1st lieut. topog. cngrs. 7 July, 1838 ; capt. 3 March, 1853; maj. engr. corps 3 Mar. 1863; lieut.- col. June, 1863 ; col. 7 March, 1867 ; col. 4th N. J. Vols. 12 Aug. 1861, and in the Peninsu- lar campaign ; was engaged at West Point and Gaines's Mills, where he was captured 27 June, 1862 ; chief eng. dept. of the Ohio Aug. 1862 to June, 1865; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. Author of "Journal of a Military Re- connoissance from Santa Fe to the Nav:ijo Country in 1849," Svo, 1852 ; " Shortest Route to California," 8vo, 1869 ; " Report on the U. P. Railroad and Branches," 8vo, 1865. — Cidhim. Simpson, Mathew, D. D. (Wesl. U. 1841), bishop M.E. Church, b. Cadiz, O., 21 June, 1810. Madison Coll. 1829; M.D. 1833. While an infant he lost his father, and the care of his education devolved upon his mother. Though he had studied medicine, yet he felt it his duty to preach; was licensed as a local preacher; ord. deacon in 1835, and elder in 1837; w.as pres. of the Ind. Ash. U. in 1839-41 ; vice-pres. of Alleghany Coll. 1841-51, and prof. of natural science; app. in 1848 editor of the Western Christian Advocate; elected bishop in 1852. The intimate personal friend of Fres. Lincoln, he contributed greatly by his zeal and eloquence to sustain the cause of the Union in the great civil war. Simpson, Gen. Michael, who served in Arnold's Quebec exped. in 1775 ; d. near Har- risbnrg. Pa., June 15, 1813, a. 80. Simpson, Stephen, editor, b. Phila. July 24, 1789 ; d. Aug. 17, 1854. George his father was cashier of the Bank of the U. S., and afterward of Girard's Bank. Under the signature of "Brutus," Stephen wrote against the U.S. Bank for the Aurora. He was with his bro. George engaged in the battle of New Orleans ; was chief editor and proprietor of the Portico; and in 1822, with John Conrad, edited the Cohmlian Obsen:er, in the interest of Gen. Jackson. He wrote "A Life of Stephen Girard," 12mo, 1832, and many other works. Contrih. to the Philadelphia Book. — Simpxoii. Sims, Clifford Stanley, b. Pa. 17 Feb. 1839. Adm. to Phila. bar 1860. Now (1871) U. S. consul at Preston, Ontario (Dom. of Can.). Author of " Stemmata Rosellana," 1859; "Origin and Significance of Scottish Surnames," Svo, 1862; "Hist, of the N.J. Soc. of the Cincinnati," Svo, 1866. Contrib. to " Heroes and Martyrs," and the N.E. Geneal. and Hist. Reg., &c. — Allibone. Sims, Ret. Edward Dromgoole, scholar, b. Brunswick Co., Va., March 24, 1805; d. Tuscaloosa, Ala., April 13, 1845. U. of N.C. 1824. Tutor there in 1825-7 ; subsequently principal of an acad. at La Grange, Ala. ; and, when the coll. was established there, was elected prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. At a, later period he was prof, of languages in Ran- dolph Macon Coll. In 1836 he made a Euro- pean tour, and spent nearly two years in the U. of Hallo ; prof, of English lit. U. of Ala. 1841-5. Sinclair, Arthur, capt. U.S.N., b. Va. ab. 1780; d. Norfolk, Va., 7 Feb. 1831. Mld- shipm. under Cora. Truxton at the capture of the French frigate " L'Insurgente," 1 Feb. 1799 ; lieut. 10 Jan. 1807 ; com. 2 July, 1812 ; capt. 24 July, 1813. Sinnickson, Thomas, Revol. soldier and judge, b. Salem Co., N. J., 1745; d. there May 15, 1817. Received a classical education, and was bred a merchant. Member of the fir.st Prov. Congress in 1775. He served in the Revol. war, at the battles of Trenton and Princeton as capt. ; was for many years a member of the council and assembly o"f N. J., and pres. judge of the C.C.P. ; member of the first Congress 1789-91, and again in 1797-9. Sitgreaves, John, Revol. patriot ; d. Halifax, N.C, March 4, 1802. He resided at Newhern ; was a lieut. in 1776; was aide to Caswell at the battle of Camden, Aug. 1780; member Old Congress 1784-5 ; member legisl. 1786-9; and U.S'. dist. judge 1789-1802. Skene, Col. Philip; d. Oct. 9, 1810, near Stoke Goldington, Bucks, Eng. Grand- son of John Skene of Halyards in Fifeshire, Scotland. He entered the army in 1739, and served in the exped. against Portobello; in 1741 was at the taking of Carthagena; and was also .at the battles of Fontenoy, Cullodcn, and LofTeldt. He came to Amer. in 1756; Feb. 2, 1757, became capt. 27th Regt. ; was wounded in the attack on Ticonderoga, July, 1758; was app. raaj. of brigade 31 July, 1759 ; and in Oct. following was left in charge of Crown Point, and projected a settlement at Wood Creek and South Bay, at the head of Lake Champlain ; in 1762 he accomp. the exped. against Marti- nico and Havana, and was one of the first to enter the breach at the storming of the Moro Castle. On his return to N.Y. in 1763 he re- newed his efforts to complete his settlement at Wood Creek, for which a patent was granted March, 1765, and it was formed into a town- ship under the name of Skenesborough ; and in 1770 he established his residence there. In June, 1775, he was arrested at Phila. as a loy- 832 SLA alist; was cxchans^'d in Oct. 1776; accomp. Burgoyne's exped. ; was with Baum in his ped. and defeat at Bennington ; and ho was taken prisoner at Saratoga. In 1779 he was attainted, and his property confiscated by the legislature of New York. Skinner, Charles W., commo. U.S.N., b. Me.; d. Richmond, Va., Nov. 15, 1860. Alidshipm. 1809; liout. July 24, 1813; com. Mar. 3, 1827 ; capt. Feb. 9, 1837 ; retired 1S55. Skinner, Coktlaxdt, a loyalist brig.-gen. of the Revol.; d. Bristol, Eng., 1799, a. 71. His mother was a dau. of Stephen Van Cort- landt, and he was therefore cousin to Gen. De Lancey. Was atty.-gcn. of N.J. in 1775, and in the performance of his official duties evinced both ability and integrity. He organized 3 battalions, called the N. J. Volunteers. At the pea:^^e he went to Eng., where he received compensation for losses as a loyalist. One of his daughters m. Sir Wm. Robinson, commiss.- gen. in the British army. Another m. Field- Marshal Sir George Nugent. His son Philip Keabxey, lieut.-gen. British army, b. Ambov, N. J., d. Lond. Apr. 9, 1826. He entered the service as ensign 1st N.J. Vols, (loyalist); was made prisoner in the exped. to Ostend ; served in Ireland, E. and W. Indies, and Spain ; and attained rank of lieut.-gcn. in 1 825. — Sabine. Skinner, John, an English lieut.-gen., b. N.J. ; d. Eng. Oct. 10, 1827. Entered the ser- vice as ensign 16th Regt. Sept. 4, 1772; capt. 70th, June 10, 1778. In the campaignsof 1779- 81 he was at the actions of Beautbrt and Stono Ferry, the defence of Savannah against Lin- coln and D'Estaing, the successful siege of Charleston; and com. a ti-oop in Col. Tarle- ton's Legion in the battles of Blackstocks, Cow- pens, and Guilford. In 1795, reducing the re- volted Maroons to submission, he saved .la- maica from the fate of St. Domingo; in 1804 he com. the 16th Regt. in the exped. against Surinam; and afterwards, while major-gen., acted as gov. in succession of St. Martin's, Santa Cruz, and Guadaloupe in the W. Indies, at the capture of which latter island, in 1810, he com. a brigade, and for that senice received a gold medal. Skinner, Johx STnART, writer on agri- culture, b. Md. Feb. 12, 1788; d. Baltimore, Mar. 21, 1851. Adm. to the bar in 1809. lie was agt. of the govt, to conduct some negotia- tions with the British forces in Chesapeake Bay in 1812, and, removing to Baltimore in the fall of 1 813, held the olllce of postmaster of that dry 1822-37. He began in 1819 the i)ub. of the Old Amer. Farmer, — the first periodical in the U.S. devoted solely to agriculture ; and was the first to propose and organize the agric. shows in the Middle and Southern Stales. Third assist, postmaster-gen. 1841-5. He sub- sequently edited the Amer. Turf Register, tlio Farmer's Library and Affric. Journal, and from 1848 a nKinthly journal called The Plotiijli, ike Loom, and the Anvil. Member of many foreign agric. societies. He received a vote of thanks from the Chilian Congress for services rendered them in their struggle for indep. Author of "A Christmas Gift to Young Agriculturists," 8vo, 1841; "The Dog and the Sportsman," 1845; "Letter on Nautical Education," 1841. — See Memoir of, b,j B. P. Poore, in the P., L., and A., -July, 1854. Skinner, Otis Ainsworth, D.D., Univ. clergyman and author, b. Royalton, Vt., July 3, 1807 ; d. N'apionille, 111., Sept. 18, 1861. At 19 he began teaching school and preaehin^ ; settled in" Baltimore in 1831 ; in Haverhill in 1836; over the 5th Society in Boston, Jan. 26, 1837 ; over the Orehard-st. Society, N.Y. City, in 1846 ; over his old society in Boston from Jan. 1, 1849, to April, 1857, when he settled in Elgin, 111. ; Aug. 1857 became pres. of Lom- bard U., Galcsburg, 111. ; and in Oct. 1858 be- came pastor of the society at Joliet, 111. In Baltimore he edited a religious paper, the South- em Pioneer ; in Haverliill, the Gospel Sun ; in Boston, the Universatist Miscdlany, a monthly mag. He pub. " Universalism Illustrated and Defended," "Doctrinal Sermons," "Letters on the Knapp Excitement," " Letters to Par- ents," and " Family Worship." He was an eiricient worker in the cause of temperance, of education, and other reforms. — See Lfe h» T. B. Thaya; 8vo, 1861. Skinner, Richard, LL.D. (Midd. Coll. 1817), statesman and jurist, b. Litchfield, Ct., May 30, 1778 ; d. Manchester, Vt., May 23, 1833. Son of Gen. Timothy. Educated at the Litchf. Law School. Adm. to the bar of Litchfield Co. in 1800, and passed the remain- der of his life in Manchester, Vt. He soon be- came the ablest lawyer in the State ; was. app. in 1801 State-atty. for Bennington Co.; wasm 1806-12 judge of probate; was M.C. 1813-15; app. assoc. judge of the Sup. Court in 1815; chiefjuaticeiul816; in 1818 was elected a mem- ber, and subsequently speaker, of the h. of rep- resentatives ; gov. in 1820-3 ; and ag.".in chief justice in 1 824-9. He was an officer of various local benevolent associations, and pres. of the N. E. branch of the Amer. Education Society. Skinner, Thomas Harvey, D. U. ( Wms. Coll. 1820). LL. D. (1855), clergyman, b. Har- vey's Neck, N.C., Mar. 7, 179U N.J. Coll. 1809. He began the study of law, but was li- censed to preach in Dec. 1812, and ord. June 1813 as co-pastor of the 2d Presh. Church in Phila. In 1816 he was settled over the 5th (New-School) Presb. Church, Phila. ; in 1832 he became prof, of sacred rhetoric in Andover Theol. Sem. ; in 1835 pastor of the Mercer-st. Presb. Church, N.Y. ; aiul was in 1848-71 prof, of Siicred rhetoric and jjastoral theology in the Union Theol. Sem. there. In 1836 he pub. " The Religion of the Bible," " Preach- ing and Hearing," and " Hints to Christians," and in 1854 translations of Vinet's "Homi- leties " and " Pastoral Theology." He has also pub occasional discourses, Religious Life of F. Markoe, " Thoughts on Evangelizing the World," and " Discussions in Theologv," 8vo, 1868. Died Feb. 1, 1871. Slack, Elijah, M.D., LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1863), Presb. clergyman, b. Bucks Co., Pa., 1784; d.Cincin., 0,29 May, 1866. N.J. Coll. 1808. Principal of Trenton Acad. 1808-12; viee-prcs. and prof, of math, and philos. N. J. Coll. 1812-17; removeil to Cincin. ; was at one time prof, of chemistry in Ohio Med. Coll. ; in the fall of 1837 removed to Brownsville, Tenn., where he established a high school of 833 SLO great excellence, and returned to Cincin. in 1844 ; pres. of the Coll. of Cincinnati. Slade, William, gov. of Vt. 1844-6, ti. Cornwall, Vt., May 9, 1786; d. Middlebury, Vt.Jan IS, is:-,n. Mid. Coll. 1807. He com- mon. ■.■,! til.' pia-ti.-i- ofjaw at Middlebury, Vt., in I '-Ml; mil ill 1814-15 pnh. and edited the r„„,-,', ,:, /',/' I/, in cnnnootion with book«cll- ihe Seminole w;\r, tinl .vn^ i^-i^t. pmf. of ethics and inathrm !■ - <• H' I'lrint in 18J5- 9. When the ]!■ nr, he com. a small garrison ;it I , : M 1, , . .I.m. 10, ISGl, he threw hitnscll iiuu Id;; I'ukein, which he successfully held until relieved by Col. Brown, thus preserving the kev to the Gulf of Mexico ; maj. 16th Inf May 14, 1861; bri-.-gi-ii, of siuiic.l liic iji.micc ,.l l.,H 111 .Mi.ldit.l.m-v in 1829; was state's attv. in 1S30-1 for Addi- son Co.; M.C. in 18.'3I-4.1 ; in 1844 was re- porter of the Supreme Court of Vt ; in 1846- 58 he was sec. of the National Board of popu- lar education. In 1823 he pub. the " Vermont State Papers," a valual)le compilation. In 1825 he compiled the statutes of Vt. ; and in 1844 the Vermont Rciiorts. vol, n\-. He also wrote many pamphlets. — 11/ t M^i;.. iii. n."i. Slater, Samuel, the failnr ..f .■nrtnn manuf. in the U.S., h. B(l|.ri', In- , .Imir 9, 1768; d. Webster, M^ , .Ni r ■:>< l^:' Tli- son of a farmer. Ili'i' i . i : . < I - InnntiMii, and served his aj.i.i r : • niii ,l.-.!r,iiali Strutt, the partnrr ••• .\m,imij;i llavin- completed his term ol service, lie sailed tor New York, Nov. 13, 1789. In the ensuing Jan. he proceeded to Pawtucket, R.I., where he started in Dec. 1790 the first successful cotton-mill in the U.S. The restrictions of his govt, prevent- ed his taking with him any patterns or draw- ings ; and ho was compelled to rely entirely upon his memory for carrying his plans into effect in all their complicated variety. Not only was he compelled to prepare all the plans in the several departments of the process of manufacturing, but also to construct with his own hands the different kinds of machinery, whether of wood, iron, brass, tin, or leather; or else teach others how to do it. Later in life, Mr. Slater also became interested in the wool- len and iron manufactures, and acquired great wealth, A Memoir, bv Geo. S. White, was pub. Phila. 8vo, 1836. ' Slaughter, Gabbiel, gov. of Ky. 1816- 20, b. Va..ab. 1767 ; d. Mercer Co., Ky., Sept. 19, 1830. An early emig to Ky. ; was a skil- ful and successful farmer, and was frequently chosen to the State legisl. At the battle of New Orleans he was col. of a Ky. regt., and receivetl the thanks of the legisl. He was chosen lieut.- gov. ; but, on the death of Gov. Madison, the chief magistracy devolved on him. Sleeper, John SiiEKEnRNE, b. Tyngs- borough, Ms,, 21 Sept. 1794. For 22 years a sailor and shipmaster in the merchant-.scrvice from Boston ; connected with the N.fl. Nncs- Lfller, Exeter, 1831-2 ; the Lou-ell Dailii .lour- rujil 1833; and editor of the Boston Journal 1834-54; mayor of Roxbury, Author of '■ Tales of the Ocean," water Bubbles," 1854; "Jack castle," 1860; "Mark Rowland addresses, &c. — Allihone. Slemmer, Gen. Adam J., b. Montgom- ery Co., Ha., ab. 1828; d. Fort Laramie, Ks., Oct. 7, 1868. West Point. 1850. Entering the 1st Art., he ^^»ls promoted for gallantry in 63 42; "Salt- the Fore- 1807; also col, 4tli Inf. Fell. 8, 1SG4; 1-3 Mar. 1805, brev. col, and brig.-gen. Slidell, John, lawyer and senator, b. N.Y. City ab. 1793 ; d. Lond. July 29, 1871. Col. Coll. 1810. He established himself as a lawyer in N. Orleans, and practised with snc- cess. U.S.dist.-atty.in 1829-33; was frequent- ly elected to the State legisl., and was M.C. in 1843-5; in 1845 ho was app. by Mr. Polk min- ister to Mexico; in 1853 was elected to the U.S. senate, and was re-elected in 1859. Ho spoke rarely, but served on important com- niitrne^, anii ixerfed great influence, lie was a strrnmiiis sii|niorter of the doctrines of the Soiiiln rn-ri-jits p.arty, and after La. had passed the ordinance of secession, in Jan. 1 861 , he with- drew (Feb. 4) from the senate. In the fall of 1861 he was sent as a commiss. to Franco, to- gether with Mr. Mason of Va. Embarking Irom Havana in the English mail-steamer " Trent," they were both arrested (Nov. 8) by Capt. Wilkes of the U.S. frigate "San Jacinto," and confined in Fort Warren, Boston harbor. Released on the reclamation of the British gort., he sailed for Eng. Jan. 1, 1862, where he resided until his death. Sloan (sldn), Samuel, architect, b. Chester Co., Pa., 7 Mar. 1815. Establishing himself in Phila., he designed many important edifices, among them the Blockley Hospital for the In- sane, Phila., and the State Insane Hospital, Montgomery, Ala. He pub. " Model Architect," 1850-1; "City and Suburban Architectur,\" 1859; "Home"stcad Architecture," 1860; and "Constructive Architecture," 4to. In 1868 he began the Architectural Review. — Thomas. Sloat, John Drake, rear-admiral U.S.N., b. New York 1780; d. New Brighton, Staten Island, Nov. 28, 1867. He entered the navy as sailing-master, Feb. 12, 1800; was honorably discharged in 1801; re-app. Jan. 10, 1812; made lieut. Julv 24, 1813 ; master com. Mar. 21, 1826; capt." Feb. 9, 1837; commo. (retired list) July 16, 1862 ; and rear-adm. July, 1866, He was in the action of " Th'^ Uni.ed States " and " Macedonian," Oct. 25, 1812; com. "The Grampus" in 1824-5, and engaged in exter- minating the W. India pirates ; and performed his last active service as com. of the Pacific squ.adron in 1846-52. He was then placed in charge of the Norfolk navy-yard, and subse- quently superintended the construction of the Stevens Battery at Hoboken, and the U.S. mail-steamships sailing from New York. Sloeum, Gen. Henry Wadswouth, b. Syracuse, N.Y., Sept. 24, 1827. West Point, 1852. Entering the 1st Art., he was made 1st lieut. March 3, 1855; resigned Oct. 31, 1856, sr.o 834 SMA and settled as a lawyer in Syracuse, having previously prepared himself for the profession ; col. 27th N.Y. Vols. May 21, 1861 ; he joined McDowell's army when it was about to ad- vuiKT ; w as assiLjnrd to Col. Andrew Porter's hri-ailc, lluntrr's dinsion.and at the hattle of Bull Uuii Wiis shot thronfjh the thigh; brig.- geii. vols. Aug. U, lS61,and assigned a brigade in Franklin's div.; he was at the battle of West Point, Va. ; took com. of the division upon Gen. Franklin's being assigned to the com. ol an army corps, May 15, 1^62 ; served at the battle of Gaines's Mills, June 27, being ordered to re-enforce Gen. Fitzjohn Porter, then severely pressed by the enemy ; and held the right of the main line at the battle of Glendalc, June 30, against superior numbers. He was made maj.-gen. July 4 ; took part in the battles of Manassas, South Mountain, and Antietam ; and in Oct. was assigned to command the 12th corps, previously under Gin. Banks. This corps he led at Fredericksburg, Chancellors- ville, and Gettysburg, July 1-4, where he com. the right wing ; was occupied in guarding the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, Sept. lS63-Apr. 1864; com. 20th corps in the At- lanta campaign ; com. the army of Ga., one of the grand divisions of Shcnnan's army in the great march through Georgia and the Caroliuas, Nov. 11, 1864, to June 9, 1865, taking part in the numerous skirmishes and battles of the campaign; resigned 2S Sept. 1865. M.C. from Brooklyn, N.Y., 1869-71. — Culhm. Slough, John P., politician, b. Cincinnati, O., 1829 ; killed at Santa Fe, N.M., Dec. 16, 1867. He practised law in Cincinnati. In 1850 he was elected to the Ohio Icgisl., from which, as he would not apologize, he was expelled for striking one of the members. In 1 852 he became sec. of the Central Democ. Conv. of Ohio. Soon after this he went to Kansas, and in 1860 to Denver. On the breaking-out of the Rebellion, he raised a company of vols., and assumed com. of Fort Garland. Becom- ing col. 1st Colorado Regt., he was sent into New Mexico, and took com. of Eort Union ; here he fought his first battle at Pigeon's Ranche, causing the retreat of the 'Texan troops under Gen. Sibky. The battle was fought in direct opposition to the orders of Gen. Canby, but terminated successftilly, and gave him great popularity. Repairing to Washington, he was made a brig.-gen. of vols., and was milit. gov. of Alexandria till the close of the war. App. chief justice of the Terr, of New Mexico, his imperious temper rendered him very unpopular; and a series of resolutions were passed in the legisl., advocating his re- moval, which led to a personal encounter with the senator who introduced them, resulting in the death of Mr. Slough. SmaU, John, a British gen., b. Strathardle, Atholc, Scotland, 1726 ; d. Guernsey, March 17, 1796. After serving in the Scotch brigade in the Dutch senice, he was commissioned as ensign in the 42d Highlanders, Aug. 29, 1 747, and was employed hunting the rebels through the Highlands; in 1756 he was app. lient. m his old regt. on the eve of its departure for America to join the force under Loudon ; in 1758 he served under Abercrombie in the attack on Ticonderoga, and accomp. Amherst the fol- lowing year in his exped. ; in 1760 he went to Montreal; served in the W. Indies in 1762; and Aug. 6 of that year was made capt. June 14, 1 775, he received a commission as maj. to raise a corps of Highlanders in Nova Scotia in aid of the crown. Maj. Small was in the battle of Bunker's Hill, and is a prominent figure in TrambuU's picture. App. maj. com. the 2d batt. of the 84th Royal Emigrants, with a por- tion of which he joined the array under Sir H. Clinton at New York in 1779, and in 1780 was app. lieut.-col. of his regt. He became col. Nov. 18, 1790, and in 1793 was app. lieut.- gov. of Gnemsey ; maj -gen. Oct. 3, 1794. Smalley, John, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1800), Cong, minister of Berlin, Ct., b. Lebanon, Ct., June 4, 1734; d. June 1, 1820. Y.C. 1756. He studied theology with Dr. Bellamy, and was ord. minister of Berlin, Apr. 19," 1758. He was one of the most eminent of the great divines of New England, and thought and wrote with a logical accuracy and perspicuity that are seldom surpassed. His celebrated ser- mons on " Natural and Moral Inability," pub. in 1760, were repub. in Eng., and also, it is believed, in a German translation. He pub. a sermon on "Eternal Salvation," "None but Believers Saved," &e., " Perfection of Divine Law," and " Evils of a Weak Government ; " also 2 large vols, of sermons, and contrib. to magazines. Smallwood, William, maj.-gen., b. Md. ; d. there Feb. 14, 1792. He was made a col. in 1776; Aug. 8 arrived at New York at the head of a battalion, composed of men belong- ing to the best families of Md., which suti'ercd most severely in the defeat at Long Island, at which Smaliwood was not present ; was in the action at White Plains ; made brig.-gen. Oct. 23, 1776; and in the summer of 1777 accomp. Gen. Sullivan on his exped. to Staten Island. When the British arrived in the Chesapeake, he was despatched to assemble the militia of the Western Shore of Md., with about 1,000 of whom he joined the main army, Sept. 28. He led the Md. militia at the battle of Gcrman- at Camden, returned to the North, refiising to serve under Baron Steuben, who was his senior officer, and declaring his intention to leave the service unless Congress should cause his com- mission to be dated 2 years before his app., — a claim justly regarded as absurd. Member of Congress in 1785, and in 1785-8 gov. of Jlarv- land. SmariUS, Rev. S J., R.C. mission.nrv and author, b. Tclburg, Holland, 3 JLir. 1823; d. Detroit, 2 Mar. 1870. After completing his studies at the U. of North Brabant, he came to the U.S. and joined the Society i>f Jesus at Florissant, Mo., 13 Nov. 1841. While a prof, of poetry and rhetoric at Cincinnati (184.3-8), he pub. anonymously many poems of much beauty. Ord. priest in 1849. App. in 1853 pastor of the Church of St. Francis Xavier, St. Louis, he became celebrated for his elci- quence and for controversial ability. In 1861 he was detailed for missionary labor, with a 835 sail large field of operations; and in 1865 visited Europe for his health. His book, " The Points of Controversy," displays learning and ability. Smet, Father Peter de. since 1823 a R.C. missionary among the Rocky-Mt. Indians. Author of " Letters and Sketclies, and Resi- dence in the Rocky Mountains," 1843; " Ore- gon Missions and' Travels, &c., in 1845-6," 1847 ; " Western Missions and Missionaries," 1863 ; " Reisen zu den Felsenqebirgen," &e., 1865. — AlUhone. Smibert, or Smybert, John, a Scottish painter, b. Edinburgh ab. 1684; d. Boston, 1751-2. He had studied in Italy. Early in life he went to Lond., where he had attained a respectable position as a portrait-painter, when he was induced in 1728 to accompany Dean Berkeley to America; and, upon the failure of the benevolent scheme of the latter, he settled in Boston, where in 1730 he m. Mary Wil- liams. He painted most of the contemporary worthies of N. England and N.Y., and, accord- ing to Dunlap, exercised a considerable influ- ence upon Copley, AUston, and Trumbull. The only portrait of Jonathan Edwards is his pro- duction. His most celebrated painting is a large piece representing Berkeley and several members of his family, together with the artist himself, on their first landing here. It is now in the possession of Yale Coll. His son Ka- THANiEL, also a painter, d. aged 21. Smiedel (smee'-del), or Schmeidel, Ulrich, a German traveller, b. Straubingen. Was one of the founders of Buenos Ayros ab. 1534. In 1554 he pub. an account of bis trav- els in Pern and on the Paraguay River. Smilie, John, M.C. 1793-5 and 1799- 1813, b. Ireland, 1741 ; d. Washington, D.C., Dec. 30, 1812. Came to Pa. in 1760; settled in Lancaster Co. ; served during the Revol. in both civil and military capacities, and after- ward in the Pa. legislature ; chairman of the com. on foreign relations in Congress. Smillie, George D., landscape-painter, b. N.Y. City, 29 Dec. 1840. Son of James, the well-known landscape-engraver. He entered the studio of James M. Hart in 1861, and in the autumn of 1862 took a studio and began his artist career. In 1864 his " Sunny-Brook Farm " procured him a membership in the Nat. Acad. His chief pictures are, " The Mountain Side," " A Mountain Ravine," " Meadows at Conway," and the "Bouquet Riv- er and Hills from the White Mts. and Adiron- dacks." James D., landscape-painter, bro. of the preceding, b. N.Y. City 1833. Learned the art of engraving of his father, and was in the employ of the Amer. Bank-Note Co. until 1862, when he visited Europe, and determined to become a painter. He took a studio with his bro. George in 1864 ; became a member of the Nat. Acad, in 1865; and is treas. of the Soc. for the Development of Water-color Painting. Among his pictures is " Ausable Lake," in the Adirondacks. He has been some time engaged upon a series of 22 plates illus- • trating Bryant's poem "Among the Trees." Smith, Andrew Jacicsos, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., h. Bucks Co., Pa., ab. 1814. West Point, 1838. Rntering the 1st Dragoons, he became 1st lieut. 4 Mar. 1845; capt. 16 Feb. 1847; maj. 13 May, 1861; 1st Cav. 3 Aug. 1861; lieut.-col. 5th Cav. 9 Mav, 18G4; col. 7th Cav. 28 July, 1866; brig.-gen. vols. 17 Mar. 1862; maj.-gen. vols. 12 May, 1864. He served in the Mexican war 1847-S, in the Oregon hostilities 1855 and 1860; chief of cavalry (dept.of the Mo.) Feb.-Mar. 1862, and (of the Mpi.)Mar.-July, 1862, and engaged at siege of Corinth ; com. division in assault of Chickasaw Bluffs 27-29 Dec. 1862; and at Arkansas Post 11 Jan. 1863; com. div. 13th corps in Vicksburg Campaign, Jan.-July, 1863; com. 6th div. 16th corps, Aug. 1863 io Jan. 1864, 3d div. (same corps) Jan.-Mar. 1864. In Red-river campaign, Mar.-May, 1864, he com. detachments of 16th and i7tli corps, and engaged at Fort De Russy, Pleasant Hill, and Cane River; com. right wing lOtli corps in Mpi. and Tenn. June-Sept. 1864 ; in opera- tions in Mo. during Price's raid, Sept.-Nov. 1864 ; com. detachment of Thomas's army against Hood, Dec. 1864 to Jan. 1S65 ; com. 16th corps, Feb.-July, 1865, in Mobile cam- paign ; and engaged in siege of Spanish Fort, and occupation of Montgomery ; brev. col. 10 Apr. 1864 for Pleasant Hill, La.; brev. brig.- gen. 13 Mar, 1865 for battle of Tupelo, Mis. ; and maj.-gen. for battle of Nashville; resigned Mav 6, 'l869. — C;/sr. AVv.r,/, r, Phila. 1829. Smith, BccKiNr,,, SM. liisf. wrih.-, Ii. r„m- berland Island, <;a.,. 11 (i.t r-ni; ,l.X V. Ciiv, Jan. 5, 1871. Cam'.. L:iu .^rl,,,.,!, 1 s:;i;, \\.- practised law in JIc, whne In- wa-i a inrml.or of the Assembly ; U S. chnvie' d'affaires to Mexico 1850; sec. of legation at Madrid 1853-9; judge of a court, and State senator of Fla. Ho pub. " Narrative of Talieca de Vaca," 1851 ; " Letter from De Soto in Fla. of Julj' 9, 1.539, with Maps and Notes," 1854 ; " Grammars of the Heve and Sonora Lan- guages," 18G1-2; "Inqiiirv into the Authen- ticity of V. Ill, f\W I"! ilin-i of Discovery in the U.S.," 1 ■- ;'ivcs of the Career of DeSoti I i I 1 ... by the Bradford Club; " (.'oii<[ r . [ I ri'ln." translated from the Spanish,' 186G; and in Spanish, docu- ments relating to the history of Fla., and a geog. deserip. of Sonora, &c. ; also contrib. to Hist, ilarj. and to Duyckinek's " Cyclopaedia of American Literature." Smith, Caleb, minister of Orange, N. J., from Nov. 30, 1743, to his d. Oct. 20,1762; b. Brookhaven, L.L, Dec. 29, 1723. Y.C. 1743. Author of a sermon on the death of Rev. Aaron Burr 1757. An "Account of his Life, from his Diary," &c., was pub. 1763. He m. Martha, dan. of Jonathan Dickinson. — Sprague. Smith, Caleb Blood, statesman, b. Bos- ton, Ms., Apr. 16, 18U8 ; d. Indianapolis, Jan. 7, 1SG4. His parents emig. to Ohio in 1814. He was educated at the Cincinnati and the Miami Colleges. Studied law at Cincinnati and Connersville, Ind. ; adm. to the bar in 1828; began practice at Connersville; estab- lished and edited the Sentinel in 1832; was a member of the Ind. h. of representatives in 1833-6 and in 1840 ; speaker of the house in 1835-6 ; and was several years one nf the fund commiss. m 1 ; 1 ; AM' i -i43-9 ; and one of thecomnii-- i- . m^ with Mexico, and then rcsuiii. i i ' uicinnati. In 1858 hercmoviii i'> In iin; i|i :i,, and practised law, until, in Mar. l^- i ! n ni, SouthAnua, Uai\r'- s! ..j., I ■. i i , - ^ atajn, and wounded ; and Ijk-v. hri;_'.-i;. n. fur di>ting. conduct at St. Mary's Church ; com. cav. brigade at Reams's 'Station ; com. 3d brig. Greg-'s div. Oct. 1864, at Rowantz Creek, Gravelly Run, Boydton Plank Road.Dinwiddio C.H., Juttersville Station, and the operations ending in the surrender of Lee ; brev. brig.- gen. U.S.A. for Sailor's Creek, and brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A. for gallant and merit, services during the war; col. 19th U.S. Inf. 15 Mar. 1869. — Henri/. Smith, Cotton Mather, minister of Sharon, Ct., from Aug. 28, 1 755, to his d. Nov. 27,1806; b. Suffield, Ct., 1731. Y.C. 1751. Grandson of Rev. Henry of Wetbersfii;ld (1539- 1648). A zealous patriot, and a chaplain in the Kevol. army in 1775. He pub. 3 single sermon*, 177(i. '71 . '9'!. Smith, (iiN. Daniel, Revol. patriot, and an earlv sntka- of Cumberland, Tenn., b. Fauquier Co., Va. ; d. Sinn; . i t f. im , 16 Junc,1818. He filled mam . - :'i. . . ivas a conspicuous member of i!i im,! the Tenn. const.; and wa> 1' S ■ u ir.a I :ii.-<- 9 and 1805-9. He pub, the tir,w.u:i. 1)i;laiili.ii, la^\Ter, b. Rochester, N.Y., 8 May, IsiiC. U. of N.Y. 1846. Sun of Dr. Archelaus G., wliosc grand- father emig. from Eng. to Ct. Adm. to the bar in 1848, and began practice in N.Y. City, attaining a high rep. as a mercantile lawver. U.S. dist.-atty. for N.Y. 1861-5. Author of "Avidffi," a poem, 1843; "Destiny," a poem, 1846; Reports N.Y. Court of Common Pleas, 1850-8,4 vols. Svo, 1855-9. Contrib. to Kiiiclc- erhorker M IT'W Y f i--r, ]],■ =r-ttlcd ilipnirli..- r, V. .. ^■ :' ■ i: •': ■ ' , :„ne lital. lie of the sufferers by ili- v i' ' ' which he himself Irll :v \ : practical talent of a liiuh mi n i , i- his epistle prefixed to ilie Aiiin Darwin. He pub. " Edwin and Angelina," an opera in 3 acts, 1797; "Discourse licfore the Slauumission Society," 1798; Letters to Win. Buel on the Fever which prevailed in New York in 1795; and in 1793 pub. the first collection evt;r made of American poetry. He contrib. to tbit N.Y. Med. Repository papers on Pesti- lential Fever in Granada in 1793, Natural His- tory of the Elk, and on Pestilential Diseases. Supposed author of' "Andre'," a 5-act tragedy, 1798. Smith, Elizabeth Cakes (Prixce), au- thoress, b. Portland, Me. She m. Seba Smith at the age of 16, and about the same time be- came an anonymous contrib. of poems to the periodical press. Her husband's pecuniary mis- fortunes afterward induced her to make litera- ture a profession. Her children, it is said, bear the name of Oaksmith. In 1843 appeared the first considerable coll. of her poetical pieces, entitled "The Sinless Child and Oiher Po- ems," and her contributions of verse to the magazines have since been numerous. She is the writer of " The Roman Tribute "and " Ja- cob Leisler," tragedies ; " The Western Cap- tive" and "Bertha and Lily," novels; " The Lost Angel," 1848, a novil ;' " Rii-ln's without Wings;" "Hints on Dn-^ mi'l T. .uii\ ;" "ShadowLand;""Th> A : i id for Christmas;" and many A md miscellaneous works. In l^M -li | nA \Vo- man and her Needs," a work devoted tf. the rights of woman, which Mrs. Smith has often advocated by pen and public addresses. Smith, Elizur Goodrich, b. Durham, Ct. T.C. 1822. Cong, minister of Ogclens- burg, N.Y., 1829-31 ; since in the govt, service at \Vasliin;,'ton for many years. Has pub. "Me- niuir c)t C. A. I'ciner," 1849; "Economy of raiiiiiu-," truiii the German of Burger, 1842; ".Iiaii .Miiii.'." IS50; "Winter in Spitzbcr- geii," fruni tlic (irruian of Ilildcbrandt, 1852; " Three Days in Memphis," from the German of Uhleman, 1858; and " Corda on Rust and Bliglit in Grain," 1847. He prepared the . U.S. Agric. Reports of 1841-8, and has edit- ed and contrib. to a number of periodicals. — Alliboue. Smith, Mes. Emeline Sherman, wife of James M. Smith of the N.Y. bar, b. New Bal- timore, X.Y., 1823. Author of " The Fairy's Search and Otlier Poems," 1847 ; and " Poems and Balhuls," 8vo, 1859. Mrs. Sraitli has con- trib. to tlie Home Journal, New-Yorker, Ladies' Companion, t&c. — AUihone. Smith, Ethan, minister and theol. writer, b. Belchertown, Dec. 19, 1762; d. Aug. 29, 1849. Dartm. Coll. 1790. He was a soldier at West Point at the time of Arnold's treason ; was minister at Haverhill 1792-1800, and at Hopkinton, N.H-.from Mar. 12, 1800, to 1818 ; pastor of the church at Hebron, N.Y., in 1818; at Puultney, Vt., from Nov. 21, 1821, to Dec. 1826; at Hanover, Ms., from May 16, 1827, to Jan. 12, 18.32; and afterward city missionary atBoston. Besides sermons, he pub. "Disser- tation on the Prophecies," " Lectures on Bap- tism," "Memoirs of Mrs. Bailey " (1815), "Key to Revelation," and " View of the Hebrews, or the Tribes of Israel in Amer.," 12rno, 1825. Smith, Francis, a British lient.-gen. ; d. 17 Nov. 1791. Capt. 10th Foot 23 June, 1747 ; maj. 25 Sept. 1758; lieut.-col. Jan. 1762; col. and aidOKle-camp to the king 8 Sept. 1775; maj.-gcn. 27 Feb. 1779; lieut.-gen. 25 Sept. 1787. He com. the troops sent 19 April, 1775, to destroy the Amcr. stores at Concord, and was wounded in the fight at Lexington ; was made a brig-gen. in America in 1776; and com. a brigade in the battles on Long Island in Aug. 1776, and at Quaker Hill, R.I., in Aug. 1778. Smith, Francis H., mathematician, b. Norfolk, Va., 1812. West Point, 1833. Prof, mathcm. Hamp. Sid. Coll. 1837-9; and of Va. Milit. Institute, Lex., Va., 1839-61, and supt. He has pub. with R. T. W. Duke a treatise on Statistical Arithtnctic, and is the author of text-books on Algelna. Geometry, and Trigonoraetrv,a report on Scientific Educa- tion in Europe, and of essavs uii College Re- form and Com.-school E.lucatii.n ; A.M. of Hamp. Sid. Coll. 18.38. Joined in the Rebel- lion a;.'ain.st the U.S. — Allihone. Smith, George William., gov. of Va. 1811 ; lost his life at the burning of the Rich- mond Theatre, Dec. 26, 1811. Smith, George W., b. Phila. 1800. N.J. Coll. 1818. Author of " Facts and Arguments in Favor of Railroads," 8vo, 1824 ; "Defence of the System of Solitary Confinement," 8vo, 1 829 ; and of some pamphlets on similar sub- jects. — Atlihone. Smith, Gerrit, philanthropist, h. Utica, N.Y., Mar. 6, 1797. Ham. Coll., N.Y., 1818. His father Peter left him one of the largest landed estates in the U.S., the management of which has been his principal occupation. In 1853 he was adm. to practice, and subsequently took part in several important trials. He early joined in the benevoleut enterprises of his day, and in 1825 connected himself with the Ann r. Colonization Society, to which ha gave largely for the accomplishment of its objects ; but in 1835 -withdrew from it, and joined the American Autislavery Society. He has ])raetically illus- trated his opposition to land-monopoly by dis- tributing 200,000 acres, partly among insti- tutions of learning, but mostly among poor white and black men, in parcels of ab. 50 acres. His largest gifts of moiiey have been in aid of emancipation, and to bny homes for the poor. In 1852 he was a memb.'r of Congress. He was long a prominent advocate, with both tongue and pen, of a larger liberty of ojiinion, and freedom from what he believed the bond- age of sect. In 1861 he made some speeehes in behalf of a vigorous and uncompromising prosecution of the existing war, and also wrote many articles to this end for the press. He has pub. many speeches and addresses. A vol. of his speeches in Congress was pub. in 1856, and in 1861 another, entitled " Sermons and Speeches by Geirit Smith ; " also " Theolo- gies," 8to, 1866; "Nature the Base of a Free Theology," 1867; "Religion of Reason," 1864. — AppUton. Smith, GoLDWiN, LL.D., b. Reading, Eng., 1823. Son of a physician. Educated at Ox- ford, where he was a tutor, and in 1858-66 prof. of modern history. He was called to the bar in 1847, but, disincliued to the profession, ho became sec. of the Oxford commission, and in 1859 a member of the education commission ; in 1868 be became prof, of history at Cornell U., N.V., .Miv.rini; his first leeture there Nov. 17. Ho l.a. iiul,. -uiii ' histurieal works, in- cluding "Lrriurr- oil Moilern History" and "Three Eiinlish Statesman," and during the Rebellion aided the Union cause by his forcible tract on Slavery and his letter on Southern Independence. Also author of " Speeches and Letters on the Rebellion," 1863-5, 2 vols. 8vo ; " The CivU War in America," an ad- dress, 1866. Smith, Gen. Giles A., b. N.Y. Col. 8th Mo. Inf. 1862; com. brig. 2d div. 13th corps, Dec. 1862; in capture of Ark. Post 11 Jan. 1863; Yazoo-Pass exped. 19-26 March, 1863; in the assaults on Vicksburg 1 9 and 22 May ; disting. and wounded at Lookout Jlonntain ; brig.-gen. 4 Aug. 1863 ; com. div. in 17th corps in subsequent operations of Sherman, includ- ing the campaign of Atlanta, march to the sea, and camp, of the Carolinas. Brev. maj.-gen. 1865. Smith, Gen. Green Clay, b. Richmond, Ky.,Jiily 2, 1830. Transylv. U. 1849. Son of John Speed Smith. At 15 he volunteered as a private in the Mexican war, and became lieut. 1st Ky. Cav., serving one year. He studied law ; pi'actised in Madison Co. until 1859, when he moved to Covington ; school-commissioner 1853-7 ; a member of the Ky. legisl. 1861, he was a most decided adherent of the govt.; app. col. 4th Ky. Cav. Feb. 1862 ; served under Gen. 839 if Dumont ; was wounded at Lebanon, Tenn. ; made brig.-gen. vols. June 11, 1862; resigned Dec. 1 , 1 863, having been in some 50 engage- ments. M.C. 1863-6; deleg. to the Baltimore Convention 1864 ; app. gov. Montana 1866. Smith, Gen. Gustavds Woodson, b. Scott Co., Ky., ab. 1820. West Point, 1 842. Assist, prof. cngr. West Point, Aug. 31, 1844, to Sept. 24, 1 346, and Nov. 1 , 1 849-54 ; 2d lieut. engrs. Jan. 1, 1845; brev. 1st lieut. for gal- lantry at Cerro Gordo Apr. 18, and capt. for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco Aug. 20, 1847 ; com. of sappers, miners, and pon- toniers from Mar. 10, 1847, to May 22, 1848; 1st lieut. Mar. 3, 1853 ; and resigned Dec. 18, 1854, in order to join a projected expcd. against Cuba under Gen. Quitman. Smith is said to have received from the Cuban fund S10,000 in consideration of resigning his commiss. to take part in this enterprise. After its failure, he was for a time employed in the iron-works of Cooper 6 Hewitt, at Trenton, N. J., but in 1858 was app. street-commissioner of N.Y. City. This he resigned in Aug. 1861, having previously joined the Confed. army by way of Ky., with his friend and oiBcial dep. Mansfield Lovell ; was at once made a maj.-gen., and served in Va. ; at the battle of Fair Oaks ho succeeded to the command after Gen. J. E. Johnston was wounded ; in Dee. 1 862 he com. at Petersburg ; in 1 864 at Augusta, Ga. ; and was made pris- oner at Maeon, 21 Apr. 1865, by Gen. Wilson. Smith, Henry Botnton, D.D. (U. of Vt. 1850), LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1869), clergyman and /fl) author.b. Portland, Me., Nov. 21,1815. Bond. Coll. 1834 ; tutor there in 1836-7 and 1840-1. He studied theology at Andover and Bangor, and afterward at Halle and Berlin ; was pastor of the W. Amesbury, Ms., Cong. eh. in 1842- 7 ; was prof, of mental and moral philos. in Amh. Coll. in 1847-50; of church liistory in the Union Theol. Sem., N.Y., in 1850-5; and, since then, of systematic theol. there. He re- vised and edited Gieseler's " Church History " (1849-57) in 1859 ; pub. " The History of the Church of Christ, in Chronological Tables," in 1860; a "Memorial of Anson G. Phelps; " in 1860-2 a revised edition of Hagenbach's "His- tory of Christian Doctrines," with valuable additions ; " Keport on Religion in the U.S.," made to the Evang. AUianc, Oct. 1 867 ; and "The Re-union of the Presbyterian Churches," 8vo, 1867. Many years a contrib. to religious periodieals, and since 1859 has edited the Amer. Thd. Review. Has pub. many addresses and sermons, and contrib. to the " New Amcr. Cyclopa-dia " articles on Calvin, Hegel, Kant, the r.clbrmed Church, and Schelling. Smith, Henry H., M.D. (U. of Phila. 1837), prof, of surgery U. of Pa. 1855, surgeon- gen, of the State 1861, b. Phila. 1818. After spending 4 years in the hospitals of Paris and Phila., he se"ttlcd in practice in Phila. Author of "Minor Surgery," 1843; " Anatomical At- las," Svo, 1844; "Operative Surgery," Svo, 1854; " Treatment of Fr.ictures," 1S55; "Pro- fessional Visit to Lond. and Paris," Svo, 1855; "Lectures on Surgery," 1855; "Practice of Surgery," Svo, 1856; "Principles and Prac- tice of Surgery," Svo, 2 vols. 1863; "Influ- ence of the Alumni of the U. of Pa./' Svo; translator of Civiale on " Stone and Gr.avcl," Svo, 1841 ; editor of Horner's "U.S. Dissect- or," Thompson's " Dictionary of Surgery and Dora. Med.," and contrib. to medical journals. — Allibone. Smith, Horace Wemyss, son of Richard Penn, b. Phila. 1825. Has pub. "Nuts for Future Historians to Crack," Svo, 18.i6 ; " Works of Rich:ird Penn Smith," 1856 ; "Yorktown Orderiy-Book," 1865; poems in Godey^s and Graham's Mar/azines ; and is pre- paring " Patriotic Songs of America," and " Life of Wm. Smith, D.U.," 4 vols. Svo. — A/libone. Smith, Isaac, Revol. patriot; d. Trenton, N.J., Aug. 29, 1807, a. 71. N.J. Coll. 1755, and a tutor there. Commenced the prtictice of physic, and from tliebeginningof the Revol. was disting. for his patriotic services. In 1776 he com. a regt., and, soon after the termination of the struggle, received the app. of judge of the Supreme Court of N. J., which post he held IS years. M.C. in 179.5-7, and was app. by Pres. Washington in the hitter year a com- miss. to treat with the Seneca Indians. Pres. of the Bank of Trenton at the time of his death.— Porf/o/i'o, i. 135. Smith, Israel, Gov. of Vt. 1807-8, b. SulKelil, Ct., Apr. 4, 17.'59; d. Rutland, Vt., Dec 2. 1810. Y.C. 1781. He practised law at Rupert, Vt. ; was soon after elected to the Assembly ; in 1789 he was one of the commiss. the boundary controversy 1791-7 and 1801-3. Removed to Rutland; was again a representative; was chief justice of the Supreme Court in 1797 ; and was U.S. senator in 1803-7. Member of the convention that adopted the Federal Constitution in 1791. Smith, Col. James, a signer of the Dccl. of Indep., b. Ireland ab. 1720; d. July 11, 1806, York, Pa. His father, whom he had ac- comp. to America in 1729, was a farmer on the Susquehanna. Jaracs, tlie second son, was educated at the Coll. of Phila., studied law, was adm. to the bar, and settled near Shippens- buig as a lawyer and surveyor, but afterwards removed to York, where he continued the prac- tice of his profession during the remainder of his life. In 1 774 he raised the first vol. com- pany in the State for the purpose of resisting Great Britain ; and was a member of the con- vention to consider the expediency of abstain- ing from importing any goods from Eng., and also of assembling a General Congress. At this meeting he was one of the com. lo prepare for the repre-i-iiMiivf--; M;ni these i," together u :' -.:■ i; . ] --iiyon the Constitutional Powri . ■ i . i I; mi over the Colonies in America, ^,1 .. ,1. i : .inmg impulse to the cause ol the Kciuiuiiuu in that region. Member of the I'a. conv. of Jan. 1775 ; was also a member of the Prov. Conf. which assembled on the 18th of June ensuing to lorm a new govt, for Pa., and seconded the resolution moved by Dr. Rush in favor of a decl. of indep. It was unanimously adopted, signed by the members, and presented to Con- gress a few days only before the Decl. of Indep. July 15, a conventio'n, of which Col. Smith was a member, was assembled in Phila. for the pur- SMI 840 8MI pose of fonnini^ a new constitution for tiie State ; on the 20th of the same month he was elected a member of Conjircss, and remained in that body until Nov. 1778 ; in 1780 he was member uf the Gen. Assembly of Pa. He was S]jeMili-.tanding all this, he devoted himself to the interests of the Colony. Along with Newport, he headed a party sent to dis- cover the source of the James. Strong in the aflfections of the colonists, and in his innocence, he demanded a trial, which resulted in his triumphant acquittal, and his taking his place in the council. Katclid' succeeded the deposed Wingfield as pres. ; but Smith became the real head of the Colony, and to his almost unaided eflTorts the salvation of the infant settlement was owing. He set about the building of Jamestown, and made frequent exeursions into the country for corn. He prevented the escape of Wingfield, Kendall, and other malccontents to Eng. by a resort to arms. He states that in one of his expeds. he was taken by the Indians, and that his life was saved through the interfer- ence of Pocahontas. This story is now general- ly disbelieved. (See Charles Deane's Introd. to Smith's " True Relation.") In June-July, 1608, Smith made a survey of Chesapeake Bay as far as the mouth of the'Patapsco. He again 841 SM3 explored the bay, returning Sept. 7 ; having sailed 3,000 miles, and from his surveys con- structed an accurate map, still extant. Sept. 10 he was inaug. pres. of the Colony. The men were regularly drilled in milftary exercises ; and buildings were repaired or erected. Every man was obliged to labor 6 hours a day. In order to prevent an apprehended deKciency of corn, he made an ineffectual attempt to seize the person of Powhatan. In this enterprise he encountered great peiil, and was nearly poisoned. Having been .severely burned by the explosion of a bag of gunpowder, and feeling the need of surgical skill, and tired of strug- gling with malicious enemies, he return d to Eng. in the autumn of 1609. In Mar. I6U he sailed from Lond. with 2 ships for trade and discovery in N. England. He returned in August, and gave to Prince Charles a map of the country between the Penob-cot and Cape Cod. In March, 1615, he sailed again, intend- ing a permanent settlement, but was taken by a French man-of-war, and carried to Rochelle, but escaped from the ship, and returned to Eng. While on board this ship, which was really a pirate, he wrote an account of his voy- ages to N. Eng., which was pub. in 1616; and he distributed the work in the west of Eng. himself. The Plymouth Company created him admiral of New Eng. He passed the rest of his life in Eng. Smith spared neither time nor labor to advance the colonization of America. His was an enthusiastic, determined, and un- compromising spirit ; and this made him many enemies. Author of " A True Relation of Va.," 1608, repub. with infrod. and notes by Charles Deane, Boston, 1866 ; " Map of Va.," &c., 1612; " N. England's Trials," &c., 1620; "Pathway to Experience," 1626; a "Sea Grammar," 1627 ; " The Generall Historic of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles," 1624 ; " The True Travels, Adventures, and Observations of Capt. John Smith in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, from 1593 to 16^9," 1630 (both reprinted at Richmond in 1819); "Advertisements for the Unexperienced Planters of New England," 1631. — See Smith's Life in Sparks's Amer, Bioq. Smith, John, D.D. (B.U. 1803), prof, of languages at Davtm. Coll. from 1778 to his death, Apr. 30, 1809, b. Rowlev, Ms., Dec. 21, 1752. Dartm. Coll. 1773. Tutor 1774-8. He was a preacher as well as a linguist; pub. ser- mons, also Hebrew, Greek, and Latin gram- mars. Associate pastor of the Presb. Ch. at Dartm. Coll. from Nov. 1772 to Sept. 5, 1787, and sole pastor from that time till his d. Susan, his widow, author of a Memoir of her husband in 1843, d. 1845, a. 82. Smith, John, capt. U S.N. ; d. Phila. 6 Aug. 1815 ; lieut. 8 Mar. 1798 ; com. 25 Mar, 1804; capt. 24 Dec. 1811; com. the brig. " Vixen," in the squadron of Cora. Preble in the attacks on Tripoli in 1804. Smith, John Acgustine, M.D., lecturer on anatomv in the Coll. of Pbys. and Sur- geons, N.Y., and pres. of Wm. and Maiy Coll. 1814-26 (grad. there 1800). Author of " Introd. Discourse, New Med. Coll., Crosby St., N.Y.,'^ 1837 ; " Functions of the Nervous System," 1840; " Mutations of the Earth," 1846; " Monograph upon the Moral Sense," 1847; "Moral and Pliysieal Science," 1853. Dr. S. edited the N.Y. Med. and Phjs. Jour, nm. — AUilmie. Smith, John Blair, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1795), an eloquent preacher, b. Pequea, Pa., June 12,1756; d. Phila. Aug. 22, 1799. N.J. Coll. 1773. Son of Robert, D.D., and studied theology with a bro., Samuel Stanhope, then pres. of Hampden-Sid. Coll.; and in 1779 suc- ceeded him in that position. He became cele- brated as a preacher in the Valley of Va. Dr. Alexander thus pictures him in the midst of the revival-scenes of his time : " In person he was about the middle size ; his hair was un- commonly black, and was divided on the top, and fell down on each side of the f;ice ; a large blue eye, of open expression, was so piercing, that it was common to say Dr. Smith lopked you through." In Dec. 1*79 1 he was called to the Third Presb. Church, Phila., and thence to the presidency of Un. Coll. upon its fouiid.ition in 1795; but in May, 1799, returned to his former charge in Phila., where he soon after died of the epidemic then raging. — Sprafjne. Smith, John Cotto.v, LL.D., scholar and statesman, b. Sharon, Ct, Feb. 12. 1765; d. there Dec. 7, 1845. Y.C. 1783. Son of Rev. Cotton Mather Smith, a descendant of Rev. John Cotton ami Rev. Richard Mather. Adm. to practice at the Litchfield Co. bar in 1786; was in 1793 and in 1796-1800 a mem- ber of the lower house, of which he was clerk in 1799, and speaker in 1800; M.C. in 1800-6 ; he devoted himself to agricultural and literary pursuits, at the same time representing his na- tive town in the State legisl. till 1809, when he was chosen a member of the council ; was nominated to the bench of the Supreme Court in Oct. 1809; was made lieut.-gov. before the second term of the court ; and was gov. in 181.3-18. Member of the Society of Northern Antiquarians in Copenhagen, as also of the Ct. and Ms. Hist. Societies ; pres. Ct. State Bible Society, American Board for Foreign Missions, and, lastly, of the American Bible Society. In the celebrated discussion on the Judiciary in 1801, he presided over the com. of the whole. Gov. Smith was for several years an occasional contrib. to various scien- tific and literary periodicals. — See Eulogn by Reu. W. W. Andreivs before the Cl, Hist. Sac, 12mo, N.Y. 1847. Smith, John E., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Pa. Aide-de-c.imp to Gov. Yates of III. Apr. 1861; col. 45th III. Vols. July, 1861. Engaged at capture of Forts Henry and Don- elson, battle of Shiloh, siege of Cormtli ; brig.- gen. U.S. Vols. Nov. 29, 1862; com. 8th div. 16th army corps, Dec. 1862; engaged at Ya- zoo Pass, Fort Gibson, Raymond. Jackson, Champion Hill, and Big Black River ; com. 1st div. 17th corps, June, 1863 ; transferred to 15th corps, Sept. 1863 ; engaged at Vicksburg, Mission. Ridge, Atlanta campaign, May to Sept. 1864 ; Sherman's Georgia and Carolina campaii;n, Nov. 1864 to Apr. 1865 ; and bat- tle of Bentonvillc, N.C. ; col. 28 July, 1866 ; transf. to 14th Inf. 20 Dec. 1870; brev. brig, for siege of Vicksburg, and maj.-gen. U.S.A. for capture of Savannah. — Henry. sail 842 SIMI Smith, John Gregorv, gov. Vt. 1863-5, b. St. Alban's, 22 July, 1818. U. of Vt. 1838. N. Haven Law School. Son of John, a lawyer and M.C., with whom he bc;.'an practice in 1841, and whom, on his d. in 18.58, he succeed- ed as chancellor. Active in luilroiul interests of Vt., and made pres. N. I'^icilic Railroad in 1866; member Vt. senate 1858, '59; rep. 1860- 2, and speaker in 1862. An active supporter of the Union cause during the civil war. Smith, Jon.N Jay, great-grandson of James Logan, b. Burlington Co., N.J., June 16,1798. In 1829-51 librarian of the Phila. and Lognni- an Libraries. Author of " A Summer's Jaunt," 2vols. 1846; "Amer. Hist.andLit. Curiosities," 1861 ; "Notes for a Hist, of the Phila. Library Co.," 1831 ; " Guide to Laurel-hill Cemetery," 1844 ; Lives of Franklin, Rittenhouse, Keaton, Montgomery, and A. Washington, in National Port. Gallery. Editor of a tiumlier of works, — ofthei'^'(i'".'v'A/i; Bii'i li:i, l«'?n--J ; Ihr'; Frpress, 1832 m some land, encc, Thcv inl.'^tl >rii:li,,i i :! ■ I ■.. lortune, took the till' ■ !i ', I. I : , ,,r the church, and ixMvi-.ii ;i',.i)!iii ■ •miliority over the "saints." Popular indignation having been aroused by his acts, he was arrested, and con- fined in jail at Carthage. The jail was broken die's r J ! - II , \ul., I845-i;, ., i.M- , 11,,, , , \ , ., .. - . . ; and Dowiuwi. liulUrudui.sl, le5..-UU, .Vc— 4ffi- bone. ■ ' Smith, John Speed, b. Jessamine Co., Ky., July 31, 1792; d. Madison Co., Ky., June 6, 1854. He served imdcr Harrison at the battle of Tippecanoe, and was his aide at the battle of the Thames, 5 Oct. 1813. In 1819, 1827, and several subsequent years, he was a member of the State Icgisl., and speaker in 1827 ; M.C. 1821-3 ; U.S. atty. fortlie dist. of Ky. under President Jackson ; at one time a commiss. to the legisl. of Ohio ; and for sev- eral years supt. of public works in Kentucky. Smith, Jonathan Bayard, member Old Congress 1777-8, b. Phila. 1741; d. there June 16, 1812. N. J. Coll. 1760. His father was of Boston. He became a successful mer- chant of Phila. ; com. a company of militia at Princeton ; many years judge of C.C.P. ; and a trustee of N. J. and Pa. Colleges. Smith, Joseph, founder of Mormonisra, b. Sharon, Vt., 1805; murdered at Carthage, 111., June 27, 1844. In his youth his parents re- moved to Palmyra, N.Y. Here he pub. in 1830 " The Book of Mormon, an Account written by the Hand of Mormon upon Plates taken from the Plates of Ncphi." Smith professed to have translated this English version from the original plates (discovered to him by an- gels), Oliver Cowdery acting as his scribe. This " divine revelation " is a corrupt version of a religious romance (" The Maniisrript Found") bv Solomon ST,aul.liii,-."iii' " m I mii, :,i„l loft into by a mob, and Smith was killed. — See Aatob. ofJosejjh Smith; J. B. Turner's Life of Joseph Smith. Smith, Joseph, D.D., Pres. clergyman and educator, b. Westmoreland Co., Pa., July 15, 1796; d. Grccnsburg, Pa., Dee. 4, 1868. Jeff. Coll., Pa., 1815; Princet. Tlieol. Sem. 1819. Licensed to preach in 1819, he labored in Va., and was principal of an acad. at Staunton ; in 1832 he took charge of the church and a large acad. at Frederick City, Md. ; was afterward pres. of Franklin Coll., New Athens, O. ; re- signed on acc(jnnt of his conservative view of slavii V ; rrsuiiinl his pastoral charge at Fred- crirk i ily, aii'l \\ as pres. of the coll. newly or- gani/,' d tlh IV. Ill lS47he became gen. agent for tlir synoiU iinl.racing W. Pa., N. W. Va., and i;. I >liio, Suli-ccpiently he held pastortil cliaiL;. , ill KoiiiHlliill, Pa., and Greeusburg. Autli.jr 111 • I )lcl Kedstone, being Historical Sketches of Western Presbyterianism," &c., 8vo, 1853; "History of Jefferson Coll.," &c., 1857. Smith, Joseph, rear-adm: U.S.N., b. Han- . over, Ms., Mar. 30, 1790. Midshipm. Jan. 16,0. J«v 1809 ; lieut. July 24, 181.3 ; com. Mar. 3, 1827 ; (| capt. Feb. 9, l"837 ; rear-adm. (retired list) Julv 16, 1862. Lieut. Smith was disting. and woundrd in Ma.Dnn.nmh's virtory on Lake Chiini|il;iiii, Srpt.ll, ISI4 ; ;iii,l wasat the cap- tur.' u|■.\l^-.rilH.^,..-^^, 1 s 1 :, II,. mm. ship- of-tli<-;iM.' ■oliiM" Miilit.>,|iia.l., 1S40; Medit. si|n:i ! I I : :■ ; • lii. I of bureau of yards and durk I r ' ' < )ni: of his sons was killed in 1 1, I II -less " when destroyed by till' ■ .\i' 1 1 iiiiiM k. iirar Fortress Monroe, Mar 1862; another, C'a|)t. Albert N., U.S.N., chief of bureau of eipiipment, d. Sept. 8, 1866, aged 43. Smith, Joseph Mather, M.D. (Coll. Ph. and Surg. 1815), iilivsi. ian and ni.d. writer, b. New Ruchclle, N.Y.,' Mai.h 14. 17MI ; d. N.Y. City, Apr. 22, ISIili. Hi, lailirr Dr. Matssn Smith was an eminent pin -i> ian nt Westches- ter Co., and his motli.r a .'ir-, vn.laiit of the fa- mous Mathers of Ms. lb- >iialir,l medicine; was licensed to practi-r in M:i\ , 1 s| i ; and set- tled in New York. lie aidnl in limiiding the Medico-Phi/sio!o(/ical Sorieli^, and contrib. to the first vol. of its Transactions, in 1817, a paper on the "Efficacy of Emetics in Spasmodic Dis- eases." From June, 1820, to April, 1824, he was visiting-physician to the N.Y State Prison. In 1824 ho pub. " Elements of the Etiology and Philosophy of Epidemics." App. in 1826 to the chair of theory and practice of physic in the Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, wdach he filled near 30 years ; in 1855 he was transferred to the chair of materia medica; in 1829 he was a]ip. vi.-itiii;4-pliy>ician of the N.Y. Hospital. Ill w.!- a Ih [L. Ill , iiiitrib. to tlie mod. periodi- .:il- , -- ,1 I -J- -i.Mnican r.litor of the iV.y. M.:' / ./ ■ n-il : ill l,si;)l he dclivcredan mlilr. -. .11 i!: • I |.i.|rniic Cholera of Asia and Euro]!!..," altrnvard pub.; in 1854 he was elected i.ns. of the N.Y. Acad, of Med.; in 18C0 hi., lead before the Amer. Med. Assoc, an adiniraldc report on the Medical Topography and Epidemics of the Slate of N.Y. Among his essays are " The Public Duties of Medical Men," 1846 ; " The Influence of Diseases on the 843 Intellectual and Moral Powers," 1848 ; "Re- port on Practical Medicine ; " " Report on rulilic llv-icue," 1850; " Illustrations of Men- tal I'li.iiomcna in Military Life," 1S50 ; " Puer- peral Fever," 1857; "Therapeutics of Albu- minariu," 1802. Smith, Joseph R.,brev.brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. SaiMly Hill, Wasli. Co., N.Y., 1802; d. busco, Aug. 20, IS47, — twice wounded in the latter; maj. 7th Inf. June 11, 1851 ; retired 25 Sept. 1861. Brev. brig.-geii. 9 Apr. 1865. — Cullum. Smith, JoSHCA Hett, notorious for his complicity in Arnold's treason, and at whose house, near Stony Point, Arnold and Andre' held their interviews; d. N.Y. 1818. He was tried bj- a military court for his connection with this affair, and acquitted; but, being Sub- sequently imprisoned by the civil authorities, escaped to New York, disguised in a woman's dress. Bro. of Chief Justice William Smith, and a man of considerable influence ; counsel- lor-at-law ; and a member of the convention of the State of N.Y'. 1775. At the close_ of the war he went to Eng. In 1 803 he pub. in Lon- don " An Authentic Narrative of the Causes which led to the Death of Major Andre," — a book held in slight estimation. Smith, JosiAli, clorgvman, b. Charleston, S.C, 1704; d. I'hila. Oct. 1781 while a pris- oner of war, taken at Charleston. H.U. 1725. Grandson of Gov. Thomas ; ord. minister for Bermuda, July 11, 172i;; afterward of Cainhoy and of tW I'lVslh clmnh at (■llarle^ton. lie maintaiiiril in IT.iO .i learned disi.utation with Hugh Fi,.li.T on the right of private judgment. He pub. a vol. of sermons, 8vo, 1752, and a number of occasional discourses. Smith, Junius, LL. D. (Y. Coll. 1840), pioneer of ocean steam-navigation, b. Plvm- oufh, Ct., Oct. 2, 1780; d. Astoria, N.Y., Jan. 2-3, 18.5.'!. Y. C. 1802. Son of Gen. David. He studied at the Litchfield Law School ; in 180.3 delivered the annual oration before the Cincinnati of Ct. ; practised at the New-Haven bar until 1805, when he was employed to prose- cute a claim against the British govt, for a large amount in the Admiralty Court of Lond., upon the successful termination of which he embarked in commercial pursuits with Amer- ica, and conducted a prosperous business for many yi-:\y^ Tn I «'V2 he engaged in the pro- jects! :■' l^ "i ''■'' In secure the navigation of the A II ' '■ I "iih steamships; pub. a pro-) 1- I'll _ ilie enterprise upon the public iNuui , cMalni-hed in 1836 the British ' ■ " i-Navigation Company ; and 138 the feasibility of the pro- by the crossing of the small Foiled, from various causes, I i| advantage from this pro- I rffiirt, he endeavored to lint, ])urchased an extensive iiville, S.C, and was engaged when he was assaulted, and received a fracture of the skull from which he never recovered. and Amer. Stiai in the spring of 1 ject was proved enterpi Smith, Ltkdon Arxold, M.D., physician, b. Haverhill, N.H., Nov. 11, 1795; d. Newark, N.J., Dee. 15, 1865. Dartm. Coll. I8I7. Ho grad. M.D. at Dartm. and Wnis. Med. Colleges in 1823 ; began practice at Williainstown, Ms., in Mar. ISi't; and in Julv, 1827, settled per- manently at Newark. He'was made a fellow of the N.Y. (\illo;;e of Pliys. and Surgeons in Isi;), nirnilicr ol the Amer. Scicntilic Assoc. in I ~.i.i, \ I. r |iri s. of the Am. Med. Assoc, in 1^:.,|, ainl ]iir, ,,( the N.J. Med. Society. II« pull. ri;aii\ ai lii les in medical journals and other periodicals, and a treatise on "The Kpidemics of New Jersey." He was prime mover in establishing the lunatic asylum of New Jersey. Smith, Makcus, comedian, b. N. Orleans, Jan. 7, 1829. Son of Sol. Smith. Made his debut Nov. 11, 1849, at the St. Charles, N. Or- leans, as Diggory in " Family Jars ; " at Phila., at the National, Aug. 31, I8'57, as Bramble in " The Poor Gentleman." Has since played in the leading theatres, been a successful star, and was long a favorite at Wallack's. Lessee of the N. Y. Thratre in 1866. Now (1S71) at the St. James Tlicatre, London. Is a careful and relial.i.' a.'Uir. — l!n„r,/s Am.,;,;,,, Shn/e. Smith, Makoarkt, b. I'lula. 1778; d. Washington, D.C., 1844. Dau. of Col. John Bayard. She m. Samuel Harrison Smith 1 800. Author of " A Winter in Washington," 2 vols. 1827 ; " What is Gentility ?" 1830 ; and tales in " 'The Lady's Book " and South. Lit. xMessen- ger. — ilrs. Hale's Wovian's Record. Smith, Gen. Maktin Luther, b. New York 1819; d. Rome, Ga., July 29, 1866. West Point, 1842. Entering the topog. engi- neers, he became 2d lieut. Nov. 1, 1843; brev. 1st lieut. for meritorious conduct during the Mexican war; 1st lieut. Mar. 1853; capt. July 1,1856; and resigned Apr. 1, 1861. Brig.-gen. Confed. army from Florida ; com. a brigade in defence of New Orleans, and was at the head of the eng. corps of the army, and planned and constructed the defences of Vicksbnrg ; after- ward made major-gen., and taken prisoner at Vicksbnrg. At the time of his death he was chief engr. of the system of railroads which was to connect Selnia, Ala., and Dalion, Ga. Smith, Rev. Matthew Hai.e (" Bur- leigh "), son of Rev. Ellas. Successively a Univcrsalist, Presbyterian, Episcopalian, and a Baptist. Author of " Text-Book of Univer- salism," 1845; "UniversaMsm Exposed," 8vo, 1842; " Universalisra not of God," 1847; " The Bible, the Rod, and Religion, in Common Schools," a sermon, 1847 ; " Reply to Horace Mann," 1847; "Sabbath Eveninjjs," 1859; " Mount Calvary," 1866 ; " Sun^hine and Shad- ow in New Yoi-k." Long a corresp. of the Doston Journal under the pseudouyme "Bur- lei-h." Smith, Melancthox, rearadm. U.S.N., b. New York, May 24, 1809. Midshipm. Mar. 1, 1826 ; lieut. March 8, 1837 ; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. July 25, 1866; light-house insp. 1856-60; rear-adra. July, 1870 (retired list). Served in the Semi- nole war 1839-40 ; com. frigate " Constitution," Medit. squad., 1848-51 ; com. steamer " Massa- chusetts," 1861 ; engaged with Confed. steamer 844 " Florida." Mpi. Sounil, Oct. 26, 1 861 ; com. steam-sloop " Alississippi" at the capture of N. Orleans, in which fight he ran the ram " Ma- nassas " ashore and destroyed her. lie took patt in all the engagements of the squadron until Mar. 14, 1863, when, in passing the Port- Hudson batteries, " The Mississippi " grounded, and was set on fire by Captain Smith. While com. " The Monongiibcla," he participated in the attacks on Port Hud>on in June and July, 1863; com. steam-slou]) " Oni>ndaga," N. A. block, squad., 1864 ; eng;i->a « itii Confed. ram "Albemarle" in All.i'in. Smnid, May .i, 1864; com. frigate "Walia-li" in IhiiIi attacks on FurtFisher; app. clil I m! ImnMii uf equipment and recruiting ISGii. — Il.un, r,':/. Smith, MEisKuvtiiiEi:, ul Es.-ex, Va. ; d. at an advanced age. He was long a member of the h. of burgesses, of all the Va. conven- tions in 1775-6, and in that of May, 1776; member of the Federal ci'iivfntion i.f Va. ; also a member of the Cont. ( ..n v-- i :"--s2. Smith, Nathan, Ml' II l i: -ur- geon, b. Rehoboth, Ms., ."^i | ; , -. ;7i _ , i X. Haven, Jan. 26,1829. \Vi.,:>. )..i.ii_, :... fa- ther removed to Vt., where llie suns uluiation was limited. During the clu^i^g ytars of the Revol. war be served in the Vt. njiiitia. Un- til the age of 24 he labored c.n :i farm, then de- voted himself to the study cif 111-. liiiii'-, ]jrac- tised a tew years in Coriii-li, NIL. ami ihen attended the med. lectures ar III'. Wh. ii in so that Dr. .Sniitli had to create every thing needed in the institution, as well as to perform his own appropriate duties. Dr. Smith then went to Europe, where he spent a year attend- ing the best medical schools of Eng. and Scot- land. In 1813 he was invited to the chair of ihe infant mcd. school of Y.C., but also con- tinued to lecture at Dartm. Coll., besides deliv- ering lectures at the U. of Vt. and at Bowd. Coll. Author of "Essay on Typhus-Fever," 1824; " iMedical and Surgical Memoirs, with Addenda bv N. R. Smith," 1831. His son, N.\THAs Ryno, M.D. (U. of Vt. 1820). Y.C. 1817. Med. prof, in the U. of Md. Author of " Physiological Essays on Digestion," 1825 ; " Diseases of the Ear," from the French of De Saissv, 1829; "Surgical Anatorav of the Arteries,'' l-iu; -Tiratment of Fractures," 1867; i.ap.i. III J ,„, ,1/,,/. Jour., &c. Smith, Xmihs. lawyer and senator, b. Roxbuiy, Ci., 1770; d. Washington, D.C., 6 Dee. ISJBo. Sun of Richard, and bro. of Hon. Nathaniel Smith. Edueiited at the Litchfield Law School. He was many years county-atty. for New Haven, and U.S. atty. for Ct. ; mem- ber of the conv. that framed tlie State const , and often in the legisl. of the State; practised law in New Haven until his d. ; delegate to the Hartford conv. in 1814; U.S. senator 1832-5 ; M.A. ofY.C. 1808. Sm.ith, Nathaniel, jurist, b. Woodbury, Ct., Jan. 6, 1762 ; d. there Mar. 9, 1822. His education was limited. Studying law under Judge Reeve, he began pnieiice in his native town in 1789, and soon became eminent. He was repeatedly a member of the State legisl. ; was M.C. in 1797.-0 , Stale senator in 1799- 1804; judge Sii[. ( ..u: ,n,., 1 soS-May, 1819. Smith, ■ head- waters of the Brandy u in .1 I 1 , Pa. He was educated at tlir I i^^ ~ Mmhh- School of Rev. Samuel Blair, wi.ose simct l.lizabeth hem. in 1750. Licensed Dec. 27, 1749. Mar. 26, 1751, he was settled pastor of Pequea Presb. Cliurch, Lancaster Co. Here he estab. a classical and theol. sera, of high character, where was laid the foundation of the eminence of his two sons, Samuel Stanhope and John Blair Smith. Author of some sermons. — Spraqiie. Smith, Robert, D.D., first Prot.-Epis. bishop of S.C, b. Norfolk Co., Eng., 1732 ; d. Charleston, Oct. 28, 1 801 . U. of Camb , Eng., 1753, of wliich ho was elected a fellow. Adm. to deacon's orders March 7, and to priest's Dec. 21, 1756. In 1759 he became rector of St. Philip's, Charleston, S.C. ; visited Eng. in 1768-70, and, though loyal at the commence- ment of the Revol., became an ardent patriot, and went to the lines armed as a common sol- dier. Banished in consequence by the British, in 1780 he took temporary charge of St. Paul's parish. Queen Anne Co., Md. ; returned to his formor charge in May, 1783, and, on account of th'.ir depressed condition, took charge of an acad. incorporated in 178G as Charleston Co'l., and in which he hold the office of principal until 1798. Elected bishop of S.C. in 1795, he was consec. at Phila. Sept. 13. Smith, Robert, statesman, bro. of Gen. Samuel, b. Nov. 1757; d. Baltimore, 26 Nov. 1842. N.J. Coll. 1781. Hewasprcsentattho battle of Brandywine as a vol. ; studied law, and rose to distinction at the bar; was sonic years a member of the Md. legisl. ; see. U.S. navy 26 Jan. 1802-1805; U.S.attv.-gen. Mar.- Doc. 1805; sec. of state 6 Mar. 1809-25 Nov. 1811 ; was some years pres. of the Bible Soci- ety and of the Md. Agnc. Soc; and succeeded Archbishop Carrol as provost of the U. of Md. Author of an " Address to the People of the U.S.," 1811. Smith, RoswELL C, b. Franklin, Ct., 1797. Author of school text books on geog- raphy, grammar, and arithmetic, extensively used ; and a " Reply to the Charges of Daniel Adams," 1831. Smith, Samoel, historian, b. Burlington, N.J., 1720; d. there 1776. Member of the assembly, treas. of West Jersey, &e. He pub. " History of New Jersey from" its Settlement to 1721," 8vo, 1755. Some of his valuable MSS. were used by Proud in his Hist, of Pennsylvania. Smith, Gen. Sambel, Eevol. otKeer, b. Carlisle, Pa., July 27, 1752 ; d. April 22, 1839. His father John Smith, who removed to Balti- more in 1 760, was several years a member of the legisl. ; member of the Md. Const. Conv. of 1 776 ; and during nearly the whole war was chairman of the com. of ways and means in the house of delegates. Samuel received the rudiments of his education at Carlisle; then attended school in Baltimore, and aftcnvards in Elkton. Until 1771 he was in his father's counting-room, when he visited Europe in one of his father's vessels. Early in the struggle for liberty he joined a vol. company, and in Jan. 1776 wasapp. acapt. in Smallwood'sregt., which, at the battle on Long Island, did emi- nent servioe, and lost one-third of its men. Disting. at Harlem and White Plains, where he was slightly wounded; and, in the harassing retreat through N. J., he was, Dec. 10, 1776, given a major's commission in Gist's batt. ; made lieut. Gen. Willum Farrar, b. St. Alban's, Vt., Feb. 17, 1824. West Point, 1845. Entering the topog. engrs., he became 2d lieut. 1849; 1st lieut. 1853; capt. 1859; major Mar. 3, 1863; assist, prof of mathematics at AVest Point 1846-8 and 1855-6 ; and also employed on the surveys of the Lake-Superior region, of the Rio Grande, Texas, the military road to California, and on the Mexican-boundary commission. When civil war began, he was sec. of the lighthouse board at Washington ; obtaining leave of absence, he took com. of the 3d Vt. Vols Aug. 13, 18i;i was in the 1! During the CI highly disting- ; Gen. Franklin ; IG Jii became bng.-gen. Fulv 4. 1862. He lM July, 1861. uipaign'he was I "11 in the corps of in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam ; com. the 6th corps in the battle of Fredericksburg Dec. 1 3 ; chief engr., dept. of the Cumberland, Oct.-Nov. 1863; of the milit. division of the Mpi. Nov. 1863-Mar. 1864; in operations about Chatta- nooga, and battle of Mission. Ridge ; com. 18th corps, Army of Potomac, May-July, 1864 ; and engaged at Cold Harbor and siegeof Petersburg ; resigned 7 Mar. 1867; pres. Internat. Tcleg. Co. since 1 864 ; brev. lieut.-col. for White-oak Swamp 28 Jime, 1862; col. for Antietam 17 Sept. 1862; brig.-gen. and maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for Chattanooga, and forgallant and merit, services during the Rebellion. — Cullum. Smith, William Locgiiton, LLP., statesman of S.C; d. 1812. M.C. from S.C. 1789-97 ; an able supporter of the administra- tions of Washington and Adams ; minister to Portugal in 1797-1800, and to Spain 1800-01. He 5)ub. an oration, July 4, 1796; a com- parative view ol the Constitutions of the States and the U.S., 1797 ; a pamphlet against the pretensions of Jefferson to the presidency ; essays signed " Phocion ; " address to his con- s, 1794. His speeches and letter to bis rvere rcpnb. in London in 1795. Smith, William Moore, lawver and poet, b. Phila. June 1,1759; d. there' 1821. Son of William Smith, provost of Phila. Coll., and pub. a vol. of poems, 1785, which in 1787 was rcjiub. in Eng. He was, under Jay's treaty, i general agent for claimants, and visited Eng. ill 1803 to close his commission, accomp. by his son William Rudolph Smith as private sec. Richard Penn Smith was his son. Smith, William Rudolph, hist, writer, son of Wm. Moore Smith, b. at the Trappe, Pa., 31 Aug. 1787; d. Quincy, 111., 29 Aug. 1868. Author of " Observations on Wis. Ter- ritory," 18.38; "Hist, of Wisconsin," 4 vols. 8vo; "Discourse before the Wis. Hist. Soc," 1850. In early life he edited the Huntingdon (Pa.) Museinn, and contrib. the Memoirs of Wythe to " Sanderson's Lives." Many years pies, of the State Hist. Soc. He went to Wis. in 1837, and in 1853 became atty.-gcn. of the State. Sm.ith, William R. of Tuscaloosa, Ala., formerly a judge ; M.C. 1851-5. Author of " The Alabama Justice," 8vo, 1841 ; " Uses of Solitude," a poem, 1860; " As It Is," a novel ; Condensed Ala. Reports, 1862. Smith, Col. William Stephens, Revol. officer, h. N.y. 1755 ; d. Lebanon, N.Y., June 10, 1816. N.J. Coll. 1774. Son of Capt. John. He was aide to Gen. Sullivan, Aug. 15, 1776 ; lieut.-col. 13th M.s. Regt. from Nov. 1778 to Mar. 1779; was several times wounded ; was then for a short time attached to the staff of Steuben, but left in July, 1781, to become aide-de-camp to Washington. He ni. the only dau. of John Adams, whose sec. of legation ho was in Eng. in 1785; was surveyor of N.Y. ; 3 vears a member of the Assemblv'; pres. of the N'Y. Cincinnati in 1804, and M.'C. 1813-16. Smith, WoRTHiNGTON, D.D.. prcs. of the U. of Vt. 1849-56, b. Hadley, Ms., 1793; d. St. Alban's, Vt., Feb. 13, 1856. Wms. Coll. 1816. Minister at St. Alban's, Vt., 182.3-49. His sermons, and Memoir by Rev. J. Torrey, DD, were pub. 1861, 8vo. Smithson, James Lewis Macie, F.R.S., an English chemist, and founder of the Smith- sonian Institution at Washington ; d. Genoa, June 27, 1829. M.A. of Pembroke Coll., Oxford, May 26, 1 786. The birth of this gentle- man is thus described by himself at the com- mencement of his will : " I, James Smithson, son of Hugh, first duke of Northumberland, and Elizabeth, heiress of the Hungerfords of Stadley, and niece to Charles, the proud duke of Somerset." His brother was Earl Percy of Lexington fame. He was elected fellow of the Koyal Society in 1787, and appears under the name of Macie in the Philosoph. Transactions 849 SNE for 1791 ; but, between that date anJ 1803, he chose to change his name to Smithson (the family name of his father). He was at one time a vice-pres. of tlic Roy. Soe., to whose Transactions he adJcd ci^ht communications, and was also deeply interested in geological investigations. Mr. Smithson's will, dated Oct. 2.3, 1826, devised the whole of his prop- erfv (£l2onnii\ t,, l,i^ ppphew Lieut -Col. lii''l-.'!i-"'i tMi |,i. III.. ;, d, nl'ier his decease, to Ijt- :ii ■ , I i_- I ; 1 , ■ 11 in the event of his ih ::. ^ .'. ,;:i ,,i .1 1,1 -n cliililrcn, then the ivlio!, ol iU ).iu|„_ii.i Uj (he United States, for the purpose of luuudingan iii.siitution at W.ash- ington,to be called the Smithsonian Institution, for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." By the death of his nephew in 1835 without heirs, the jiroperty devolved upon the U.S. Hon. Richard Rush, as agent of the U.S., received the bequest, and, Sept. 1, 1838, paid into the U.S. treasury $515,169. In Aug. 1856 Congress passed an act to establish the institution; and, up to 1871, 17 vols, of " Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge" have been pub. In 1 862 a niece of Smithson bequeathed to the institution £25,000. Smybert. — See Smibert. Smyth, Gen. Alux-^nder, b. Island of Rathlin, Ireland, 1765; d. Washington, D.C., 26 Apr. 1S30. Member Va. legisl. ; app. eol. of rifies8 July, 1808; acting insp.-gen. 30 Mar. I8I2; insp.-gen. (rank of brig.-gen.) 6 July, 1812; undertook the invasion of Canada in Nov.l 8 1 2, but proved incompetent, and wassoon removed from the army; M.C. 1817-25 and 1827-30. He pub. "Regulations for U.S. Infant- ry," 1812, and a pamphlet on the Apocalypse. Smyth, Clement, D.D., R.C. bishop of Dubuque, Iowa; consec. 3 May, 1857 ; d. 22 Sept. 1865. Smyth, John F. D., a loyalist, who was imprisoned at Phila. for attempting to raise a force in Va. ; escaped, and was retaken at Pittsburg. He pub. in Lond. 2 vols. 1784, "A Tour in the U.S.," which, though replete with falsehood and calumny, contains truthful pictures of society and manners in Va. at that date. — AlUbone. Smyth, Thcmas, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1843), '■l*.''73clergyman, b. Belfast, Ireland, 14 July, 1808. Educated at Belfa.st and London ; came to the'^ U.S. in 1830; soon after entered the Princeton Thcol. Sera.; visited Charleston, S.C., in Nov. f831; and in 1832 became pastor of the 2d Presb. Church there, where he continued till 1862. He has written " Ecclesiastical Repub- licanism," " On the Prelatic Doctrine of Apos- tolic Succession," " The Life and Character of Calvin Defended," 1844; "The History, Character, and Results of the Westminster Assemblv of Divines," 1847; "Bereaved Fa- milies Consoled," 1845; "The Unity of the Human Races proved to he the Doc'trine of Scripture, Reason, and Science," 1850 ; " Na- ture and Claims of Young Men's Christian Associations," 1 857 ; " Why do I Live ? " 1 857 ; " The Well in the Vallev," 1857 ; " Obedience the Life of Missions," 1860; "The True Origin and Source of the Mecklenburg Deel. of Indep. ; " " How is the World to be Con- verted 1 " &c. 64 Smyth, Gen. Thomas A., b. Ireland; d. Petersburg, Va., Apr. 9, 1865, being mortally wounded near Fannville, Va., while com. the 2d div. 2d army corps, Apr. 6, 1865. While a boy, he came to the U.S., and settled at Wilmington, Del., and engaged in coach-mak- ing. At the opening of the war he raised a company in Wilmington, and joined in Phila. a 3-raonths' regt., serving in the Shenandoah Valley. Returning home, he was made major of a Del. regt., and rose to the com. of a brigade. Made brig.-gen. 3 June, 1864, for gallantry at Cold Harbor. Smyth, William, D.D., b. Pittston, Me., 1797; d. Brunswick, Me., Apr. 3, 1868. Bowd. Coll. 1822. 40 years a prof, of mathematics in that institution, and author of valuable school text-books on algebra, geometry, trigo- nometrv, &c. Snell, Thomas, D.D. (Amh. Coll. 1828), clergvman, b. Cummington, Ms., Nov. 21, 1774; d. N. Brookfield, May 4, 1862. Dartm. Coll. 1795. He taught an acad. at Haverhill one y Ian ' 2d CI As. nscd to prench by the Tol- on the Cuu]|.iiiiuii ul tiR-4(jiii Yfai ui m, A istry, with a brief History of tile Town, IS 1848 ; on the 50th Anniv. of his Or ■ling an Hi, Sketch of N. Brookfield, 1850 ; and Historical Sketch of the 1st Cong. Church, N. Brookfield, to May, 1852. Snelling, Col. Josiah, b. Boston, 1782; d. Washington City, Aug. 20, 1828. App. lieut. 4th Inf May 3, 1808 ; capt. June, 1809 ; disting. in the battle of Tippecanoe, Oct. 1811; brev. major for disting. service in the battle of Brownstown, Aug. 9, 1812; assist, insp.-gen. Apr. 25, 1813; lieut.-col. 4th Rifles, Fob. 21, 1814; insp.-gen. (rank of col.) Apr. 12, 1814; disting. in affair at Lyon's Creek ; col. 5rli Int. June 1, 1819. Author of Remarks on " Gen. Hull's Memoirs," 8vo, 1825. Col. S. was a principal witness against Hull at his trial. Snelling, William Joseph, poet and journalist, b. Boston, 26 Dec. 1804; d. Chel- sea, Ms., 24 Dec. 1848. Son of the preceding. Educated at West Point. Afterward a fur- trapper in Mo., and subsequently engaged &l the Galena lead-mines. He began writing in 1 828 ; was many years connected with the newspapers, and at his death was editor of the Boston Herald. He was the victim of intem- perance. His contribs. lo the (ialaxi/, ihaN.E. Mag., and "TheBoston Book" (1837), evinced his'ability as a writer of the first rank. His principal poetie.il work, " Truth," is a spirited but severe satire on some of our best poets. His " Tales of the North-west " contain capital descriptions of Indian life. He also published " Polar Regions of the Western Continent Ex- plored," 8vo, 1831 ; "The R.at-Trap," &c. Snethen, Nicholas, clergyman, b. Glen Cove, L.I., Nov. 15, 1769; d. Princeton, Ind., May 30, 1 845. He labored on his fiither's farm ; entered the itinerant ministry of the M. E. Church in 1794 ; travelled and preached 4 years in N. Eng. ; labored at Charleston, S.C, for a 850 SOT year ; thence was ordered to Baltimore ; after- ward travelled as assistant to Bishop Asbury, aciint; as his private sec. In 1804-6 he was stationed in New York ; whence he removed to his farm on Larganore, Frederic Co., Md. Be- coming by marriage an owner of slaves, he emancipated them in 1829. In 1809 he again became an itinerant, and while stationed at Georgetown was elected chaplain to Congress. He returned to farming in 1814, and in 1829 removed to Indiana. In 1821 he advocated the introduction of lay representation into the Church, and in 1828 bore a prominent part in the formation of the Meth.-Prot. Church, in connection with which he travelled and preached till a short time before his death, residing prin- cipally in Cincinnati. He published a vol. of essays on Lay Representation ; Lectures on Biblical Subjects, 1836; and was co-editor of the Mcth. Protestant in 1834. A volume of 22 of his sermons was pub. soon after his death, and subsequently his writings, with a biogra- phy by his son, W. E. S. of Baltimore. Snow, Caleb Hopkins, physician and author, b. Boston, 1 April, 1796; d. there July 6, 1835. Brown U. 1813. Son of Prince Snow, some years deputy-sheriff of Suffolk. Published in 1825 " History of Boston," 8vo ; " Geography of Boston," &.C., 1830. Snowden, James Ross, numismatist, b. Chester, Del. Co., Pa., 1810. Speaker of the house of rep.. Pa., 1842-4; State treas. 1845- 7; treas. U.S. mint 1847-50, and director of the same 1853-61. He has pub. " Description of Coins in the U.S. Mint," 8vo, 1860 ; " De- scription of Medals in the U. S. Mint," 4to, 1861 ; " The Mint at Phila.," 8vo, 1861 ; "Coinsof the Bible," &c., 1864; "The Corn- planter Memorial, 'k^c, 1867. Author of the article on the Coifs of the United States in the National ^Imanac of 1863, and of many pamphlets on similar subjects. — AUi- hoiic'. Snyder, John Ludwig, a Revol. soldier of great longevity, b. Michaelstadt, Germany, Aug. 5, 1746 ; d. Pa. March 23, 1860, a. 113, "mos. 18d. HecametoAmer. inl758; entered the army in 1775, and fought through the whole war, being present at Trenton, Brandy- wine, Paoli, Germantown, Valley Forge, Mon- mouth, Stony Point, and under Lafayette at Yorktowu. He was a gunsmith by trade, and made a perfect gun when aged 107. He retained his sight and vigor to the last year of his life. — i?is(. Mag., iv. 157. Snyder, Simox, gov. of Pa. 1808-17, b. Lancaster Co., Nov. 5, 1759 ; d. Selim's Grove, in Northumb. Co., Nov. 9, 1819. He rose from the humble situation of an apprentice to the enjoyment of the highest honors of the State. Memberof the convention which formed the constitution of Pa. ; several years speaker of the house of representatives; and in 1818 was a member of the State senate. Solger, Reinhold, Ph.D., b. Prussia; some years a risident of Eng. ; came to the U.S. with Kossuth, and became assist, register U.S. treasury; d. 13 Jan. 1866. Author of the "States System of Europe," 1854; "Schles- wig-Holstein Question," 8vo, 1862 ; "History of the Rebellion in the U.S.," in German, 1802; and of the prize-poem for the Schiller Centennial, Nov. 10, 1859. Solis, Antonio de, a Spanish poet and historian, b. Alcala de Henares, 18 Julv, 1610; d. Madrid 19 Apr. 1686. He studied' law at Salamanca, but, devoting himself to literature, produced a comedy at 17, and acquired some repute as a poet. App. in 1632 to a lucrative office under the sec. of state, he became, alter the death of Philip IV., historiographer of the Indies, but took orders in the Church in 1067, and d. poor. His '" llistoria de la Conquisia dn Mexico " (fol. Madrid, 1684) concluded with the subjugation of the Mexicans, that he might not have to record the subsequent cruelties of his countrymen. An Eng. translation was pub. in 1724 ; and another, by Townshend, 3 vols. 8vo, Lond., 1809. His plays were collect- ed and pub. at Madrid in 1732. Somers, Richard, a laave naval officer, b. Egg Harbor, N. J., 1778; d. Sept. 4, 1804. Son of Col. Richard of the Revol. army, who d. 1794. Educated at a school in Phila. and at the Burlington Acad. He went to sea in 1794; became a midshipm. in the navy in 1798 ; lieut. in 1801 ; and was at his death a master- com. In 1803 hecom. the schooner " Nautilus," in Com. Preble's squadron, in the Medit., and bore a disting. part in the several attacks on the Tripolitan gunboats; himself leading one of the attacking divisions, and Decatur the other. He vol. to take the " Ketch Intrepid," fitted up as a fireship, into the harborof Tripoli, and with his brave comrades lost his life by its premature explosion. Sommers, Charles G., D.D., b. London, 1791 ; d. N.Y. City, Dec. 19, 1868. He came in 1802 to the U.S. ; was in 1811 in the employ of John Jacob Astor, but soon turned his at- tention to the ministry, in which he labored over 50 years. He was active in mission and reform work under the auspices of the Tract Society and the Bible Societies ; founded the American Baptist Home-JIission Society, and, in connection with Rev. Mr. Griffiths, es- tablished the first Sunday school in America, upon the plan of Robert Raikes, in Division St. He pub. some controversial papers in de- fence of his sect, edited a vol. of psalms and hymns, and 3 vols, of the Baptist Library, and a Memoir of John Stanford, D.D., with selections from his Correspondence, 1835. Sonntag, George, admiral in the Russian navy, b. Pliila. 1786; d. Odessa, Russia, 23 Mar. 1841. Son of Wm. Lewis Sonntag, a French officer, who came to the U.S. during the Revol. war, and subsequently established a mercantile house in Phila. George went to Russia in 1815 ; was in the allied army at the entry into Paris, and attained the grade of ad- miral, and of a gen. in the Russian army, by his talent, energy, and intrepidity. Sothern, Edward Askew ("Douglas Stewart '), b. Liverpool, Eng., Apr. 1, 1830. Made his first a|ipe.irance in Jersey, Eng. ; be- came stage-manager for Charles Poole. Made his d€t>ut in Boston at the National, as Dr. Pangloss, Sept. 1852 ; at Laura Keene's Thea- tre, N.Y., May 12, 1858, and there made his great hit as Dundreary, in " Our American Cousin," — a play of which ho is the author. sou sou He performed this character at the Haymarket, London, from Nov. 11, 1861, for 496 times; but was not successful in it at Paris, where he opened July 8, 1867. Soublette, Carlos, Venezuelan states- man ; d. Caraccas, 12 Feb. 1870, a. ab. 70. He disting. himself in the war for So. American independence ; had been sec. of war, of state, of foreign affairs, and of finance. Pres. of Venezuela in 1842-6, and had been also am- bassador to Eng., France, and Spain. Soule, Cakoline a., b. Albany, N.Y., 1824. Author of " Memoir of Rev. H. B. Soule, 18.52; "Home-Life," 1854; "The Pet of the Settlement," 1860 ; " Wine or Water," 1862; edited the Rose-Bud 1854-5; co-editor of La- dies' Depositor!/ 1856-62 ; and contrib. to mags. and papers. Soule, JosHCA, D.D., bishop of the M.E. Church south, b. Bristol, Me., Aug. 1, 1781 ; d. Nashville, Tenn., Mar. 6, 1867. Licensed to preach in 1798 ; ord. elder in 1802 ; app. in 1804 presiding elder of the Me. dist. ; and at the gen. conf. at Baltimore, 1808, drew up the constitution of the plan then adopted for a del- egated gen. conf. In 1 816 ho was chosen book- agent, and editor of the Meth Mag. ; in 1820 was elected to, but declined, the episcopate; had charge of the N.Y. City station in 1821, and that of Baltimore in 1822-3; in 1824 he was re-elected and ord. bishop ; he was dele- gate to the British Wesl. Meth. Conf. in 1842, and afterward travelled extensively in the British islands and in France. On the division of the church. Bishop Soule adhered to the southern portion, and changed his place of res- idence from Lebanon, O., to Nashville, Tenn. In 1853-4, he made an episcopal tour in Cal. Until forced by age and infirmity to retire from active business, he was " abundant in labors," scorning ease and self-indulgence. Soule (soo'-la'), Pierre, lawyer and sena- tor, b. Castillon, in the Pyrenees, 1801; d. N. Orleans, 16 Mar. 1870. Son of a lieut.-gen. in the Republican armies, who afterward tilled the office of judge, previously hereditary in the family. Destined tor the Church, he was sent in 1816 to the Jesuits' Coll. at Toulouse, and completed his studies at Bordeaux. At the age of 15 he took part in a conspiracy against the Bourbons, and, the plot having been dis- covered, he was obliged to conceal himself, and for more than a year followed the occupation of a shepherd. Permitted to return, he went to Paris, and, in conjunction with Barthclemy and Mery, established a paper advocating re- publican sentiments. Placed on trial tor a bitter attack upon the ministry, his advocate appealed to the clemency of the court in be- half of the prisoner on the score of his youth. This line of defence did not suit Soule', who rose from his seat, and addressed the court, de- nying the criminality of his opinions and con- duct. His eloquence did not save him from St. Pelagie, whence he escaped to Eng. He af- terward came to Baltimore, and in the fall of 1825 removed to N. Orleans. Having deter- mined to make the law his profession, he ap- plied himself assiduously to the study of Eng., passed his examination for the bar in that lan- guage, was adm., and soon rose to great emi- nence in the profession. In 1847 he was elect- ed a U.S. senator to fill a vacancy, and was re- elected in 1849 for 6 years. He'took extreme Southern ground, and was a frequent partici- pant in the debates upon the compromise measures of 1850. In 1853 he was app. by Pres. Pierce minister to Spain. He was soon involved in a quarrel with M. Turgot, the French ambassador, whom he severely wounded in a duel. He lent his infiuence to the revol. outbreak of Aug. 1854 in Madrid, and was led, by his peculiar views on the sub- ject of the acquisition of Cuba by the U.S., to exceed instructions, and to withhold a treaty for reciprocity of trade between the U.S. and Cuba which had been concluded by our sec. of legation at Madrid during the temporary absence of the minister. He joined in the Os- tend Conference in 1854, returned to the U.S. in 1855, and is understood to have opposed the secession of La. In 1862 he was arrested in N. Orleans for disloyalty to the govt., and con- fined some months in Fort Lafayette, but was released on condition that he would leave the country. He returned to N. Orleans a few months before his death. Soulouque (soo-look'), Faustin, a Hay- tien general, and emperor under the title of Faustin I., b. in the southern part of St. Do- mingo in 1789; d. Jamaica, W.I., Aug. 6, 1867. A slave by birth, he was fr«ed by the decree of 1790; took part in the negro insurrection against the French in 1803 ; served as capt. under Boyer in 1 820, as col. under Herard in 1 344, as brig.-jjen. under Guerrier in 1845; and com. a division at the time of the death of Riche in 1846. While the generals Soutl'ran and Paul were disputing and plotting for the succession, the senate unexpectedly elected Soulouque to the presidency, March 1, 1847. He belonged to the mulatto party ; but, jealous of their power, he began to attach the blacks to his interest, and to pursue a system of ter- ror toward the citizens, who were decimated in 1848 by confiscations, proscriptions, and ex- ecution. He attempted, unsuccessfully, to subjugate the republic of St. Domingo. In 1 849 he caused the restoration of the empire, ostensibly by the will of the people ; was chosen emperor (Aug. 26) ; surrounded himself with a numerous court ; and issued a constitution, re- serving to himself, however, the right at any juncture to rule as he pleased. He was crowned with great pomp, Apr. 18, 1852, imi- tating on the occasion the ceremonial at the coronation of Napoleon I. In 1855, while re- peating his attempt to conquer St. Domingo mth 10,000 men, he was completely defeated by Santana. He was also defeated in the next campaign. A commercial crisis in 1858 in- creased the general discontent, and Gen. Gef- frard, an enterprising mulatto, led a rebellion, and was recognized as pres. of the republic of Hayti by the clerk and officials. Soulouque took refuge, Jan. 15, 1859, on board a British frigate, and afterward resided in Jamaica. Southard, Samdel Lewis, LL.D. (U. of Pa. 1832), an eminent lawyer and statesman, b. Basking Ridge, N. J., June 9, 1 787 ; d. Fred- ericksburg, Va., June 26, 1842. N.J. Coll. 1804. Son of lienry, Revol. soldier and M.C. sou 852 (1801-11 and 1815-21), b. L.I. Oct. 1747, d. 22 May, 1842. Samuel taught school 18 months in his native State ; was tutor in the family of Hon. John Taliaferro of Va. until 1810; stud- ied law, and was adm. to practice in that State ; in 1811 he located himself at Heming- ton, N. J.; in 1314 was adm. as counsellor-at- law, and app. law-reporter by the legist.; in 1813 was app. assoe. justice of the Sup. Coui-t of N.J. ; U.S. senator, Jan. 22, lS21-March 4, 1827; was app. sec. U.S.N, in 1823; was also acting sec. of the treasury during 5 or 6 months of 1 825 ; for a short period acted as sec. of war ; in 1829 was app. atty.-gen. of N. J.; in 1332 was gov. of the State ; and again U.S. senator fi-om 1833 to his death, becoming in 1841 pres. of that body. In 1831 he was elected a mem- ber of the Philos. Society. He is remembered in N. J. as the " favorite son " of that State. He-pub. "Reports Sup. Ct. of N. J.," 1816- 20, 2 vols. 8vo, addresses, discourses, speeches, &e. Samuel Lewis, his son, b. Trenton, 1819, d. 1859. N.J. Coll. 1836. Prot.-Epis. divine. Author of " The Mystery of Godli- ness," 8vo, 1S48; "Pastoral Letter to Calvary Church, N.Y.," 1849; " Sermon on the Death of Heury Clay," 1852. Southgate, Hokatio, D.D., b. Portland, Me., 1812. Bowd. Coll. 1832; And. Theol. Seni. 1835. Ord. Prot.-Epis. Ch. 1836; bishop of Constantinople 1844-50; elected bishop of Cal. in 1850, but declined; rector of St. Mark's, Portland, 1851-2; of the Ch. of the Advent, Boston, 1 852-8. Horatio his father, a la\vyer of Portland (b. Scarborough, Me., 1781; regis- ter of probate for Cnrab. Co. 1815-36), pub. in 1830 " The Probate Manual." The son is the author of " Tour in Armenia, Kurdistan," &c., 1841, 2 vols. 8vo; "Practical Directions for Lent," 1850; "Visit to the Church of Mesopotamia," &c., 12mo, 1844; "The War in the East," 1855; "Parochial Sermons," 1859 ; also of some pamphlets, and contribs. to periodicals. Southwiek, Solomos, editor and politi- cian, b. R.I. all. 1774 ; d. Albany, N.Y., Nov. 18, 1839. He was brought up to the trade of a baker ; but, after having been a journeyman- printer in Albany, about the beginning of the century he became sole editor of the Alhani/ Rfyister, which under his management became the leading Repub. or Democ. paper in the State ; but Mr. Southwiek riuarrelled with his party,and alienatr.l his lii iids, and the lirqis- «_-Tdicd in l>il7. li- rlr. nvards entered into bankrupt. Tiiouuh ;i i: '^i : in li'mion, be ncvcrth.-iess cstal)li-!i"l :■ ' ''■<■ ■ •]■ rcallcd t\\Ki Chrisli.niVisdaiil.:' '• • ■ luutohis poli;ie:il paper, he eilii I ''i.'i t i . ii ; also, for a till! ■, carrvin.' on an agrirultural paper called t'.i ■ /'"('/'/''"/. wlii -h died Irom want of support. He altriuard j reparcd an able course of lec- turer in behalf of the temperance cause, an- other upon biblical literature, and another Tipon self-education, which he delivered exten- sively throughout the State. Southworth, Emma D. E. (Nevitte), novelist, b. Washington, D.C., Dec. 26, 181 ■5. She was married in 1841, and in 1843 was obliged to resort to her pen for support, and made her de'hut as a writer in the I^'ationa! Era, a newspaper of Washington, to which she be- came a regular contrib. of tales ami sketches. Her first novel, "Retribution," written -nhile engaged in school-teacliing in Washington, ap- peared in 1849. She has since produced " The Deserted Wife," Shannondale," " The Curse of Clifton," " The Lost Heiress," " The Dis- ar.l.' rhh- L-nryy chictiy devoted. In 1853 she removed to a charming villa on the Potomac Heights, near Georgetown ; and has since been engaged as a regular contributor to the N. Y. Ledgar. Southworth, Nathaniel, miniature- painter, b. Seituate, Ms., 1806; d. Dorchester, Apr. 25, 1858. He early manifested talent in drawing, and, establishing himself in Boston, ranked as one of the best in his dept. of the art. His likenesses were characterized by accuracy in drawing and great delicacy in execution. After visiting Europe in 1848, he praetiscil bis profession in New York and I'M nil Iphia. Sower, ChkistophEU, iilinl.r ainl jiiili- lisher of Phila., b. Germany; .1. .s.|,t. I7.js. He pub. in 1735 a quarterly journal in (Ger- man, — the first of its kind iu a foreign lan- guage issued in Pa. ; established the first type- tbnndry and printers'-ink manuf. in the coun- try ; and in 1743 printed a German quarto Bi- ble, lie possessed great influence among his countrymen, frequently acting as their repre- sentative in their intercourse with the govt. About 1744 he resigned liis business to his son CHKiSTOPHEn, b. Hesse-Darmstadt, German v, Sept. 26, 1721, d. Aug. 1784. He emigrated with his father to Pa. in 1726, and conducted by far the most extensive book-manuf. then, and for many years subsequently, established in America. He is supposed to be the invent- or of cast-iron stoves, and it is certain that he introduced the use of them. He was not'd for philanthropy, and during the Revol. dis- tributed flour and potatoes by the wagon-load among the destitute families of the militia in service. Ho was subsequently known as "Das Brod - Vater," — the bread-father. The Kevol. broke up his establishment ; and, taking part with the loyalists, his estate was confiscated. Spaight, Richard D., gov. of N.C. 1792- 5 ; killed in a duel with John Stanley, Sept. 5, 1802. He commenced his academic studies in Ireland, and coraplet.d them at the U. of < ilas- gow. He joined the Amer. army in 1778 as aide to Gen. Caswell, and was at the battle of Camden in 1780. In 1781 he entered the house of commons of N.C. ; in 1782-4 was a mem- ber of the Cont. Congress, also in 1785-6; was one of the delegates to frame the U.S. Con- stitution ; in 1792 he was again elected to the local legisl. ; M.C. 1798-1/01, after which he was elected to the State senate. Spaight, Richard Doers, lawyer and statesman, son of the preceding, b. Newbern, N.C, 1796; d. there Nov. 1850. U. of N.C. 1815. Member of the house in 1819; of the State senate in 1820-2 ; M.C. 1823-4; again a State senator in 1824-34 : and iu 1835-7 was 853 SFA. gov. of the State. Member of the State Const. Convention in 1835. Spalding, Beseuict Joseph, D.D., ad- niinistratorof the 11. C. diocese of Louisville, Ivy., 1). Marion Co., Ky., 1810; d. Louisville, Ky., Aug. 4, 1868. He studied at St. Mary's Coll. and at Bardstown ; grad. at the Coll. of the Propaganda, Rome, in 1 837 ; was made priest, and, returning home, taught for several months at the St. Thomas Sem. ; and was afterward agent and Aoiwma in St. Joseph's Coll. In 1 840-2 he canied on, with Rev. John Hutch- ins, a seminary for boys in Breckinridge Co. Viee-pres. of St. Joseph's Coll. in 1842-4; pastor of St. Joseph's, 13ardstown, from July, 1844, till 1849; and from 1849 till his death p.astorofilii' I iM .Iral I liiireh, Louisville, and vicar-gc:i- . r : i His property, which was con-i>l .- ;: for benevolent ob- jects, llr M,:, :. 1. :,;;, 1,> loved both by Catho- lics and rriHe.^iunts tor liis blameless life, his generous liberality, and his self-sacrificing dis- position. Spalding, Lym.vs, M.D. (Dartm. 1798), phvsician and mcd. writer, b. Cornish, N.H., .5 June, 1775 ; d. Portsra., N.H., 31 Oct. 1821. H. U. 1797. He studied under Dr. Nathan Smith, whom hi; aided in ejtahli>hing the med. s. 'm m ii: 1 1 ,■ Ml, ( "':. : .i' I. ;- .1 there the li; < .\]f\ began ri;-! . ,i- !■ . . , ; r. ■■ II ;.,■- a skilful an.a.,ini-i; I- .:„-■ pr.'. .., ,!„. i^nlof Phys. and Surgeons in Western N.Y. in 1812; and removed to N.Y. City in 1813. He planned the U.S. Pharmacopceia, and was one of the committee for its pub. in 1 820 ; and was a mem- ber of many learned societies in America and Europe. He pub. " A New Nomenclature of Chemistry," 1799; " Inaug. Address," 1813; " History of Scutellaria ; " " Reflections on Yellow-Fever," 1819; and was a contrib. to manv mcd. and philos. journals. Spalding, M.vrtin Jons, D.D., R.C. arclibiiliop of Baltimore, b. Mariuu Co.. Kv., JLiv 23, 1810. Consec. bi.-li-^ ■■! 1. i-i.-, Sept. 10, 1848 ; succeeded to I : ; 1 )- ville, Feb. 11,1850; transl. to l;. ,, ,::'., 1864. Educated at St. Mary'a (li-.u L. Lanuu, Kv.), at St Joseph's (Bardstown, Ky.), and grad. at Rome. July, 1S34. Author of "Mis- cellanies," 8vo, 1855; "Early Catholic Mis- sions of Kv.," 8vo, 1844; "Lectures on the Evidences if Catholicitv," 1847 ; " Life of Rt. Rev. B. J. Flaget," 1852; "History of the I'rot. Reformation, " 2 vols. 1860. He edited the Abhe' Dai-ras's " History of the Catholic Church," 4 vols. 8vo, 1865-6. Spalding, Rufus Paine, lawyer, and JLC. 1863-9, b. West Tisbury, Ms., May 3, 1798. Y. C. 1817. He removed with his par- ents to Ct. when very young ; m. a dau. of Judge Zeph. Swift ; settled as a lawyer in Trumbull Co., O., in 1821 ; was elected 'to the Icgisl. in 1839 ; re-elected in 1841, and chosen speaker; judge of the Oliio Sup. Ct. from Fel). 1849 to Feb. 1852; and afterwards practised law in Cleveland- Spalding, SoLOMOx, author of the " Book of Mormon," b. Ashford, Ct., 1761 ; d. Amitv, Washington County, Pa., 1816. Dartm. Coil. 1785. He bad been a soldier in the Revol. army; became a licentiate of the Windham (Ct.) Cong. Assoc. Oct. 9, 1787 ; preached 8 or 10 years, when he was ord. an evangelist, Out did not settle, owing to ill-health. While re.-id- ing in Salem, Ohio, about 1812, he wrote a work of fiction suggested by the opening of a mound in which were discovered human bones, and some relics indicative of a former civilked race : he entitled it " The Manuscript Found." About 1814 he went to Pittsburg, Pa., where he was followed by Sidney Rigdon, then a printer, and afterward a noted Mormon. He told his employer of Spalding's novel, who borrowed the manuscript, and offered to print it. His widow returned to New York with it; but it was afterwards stolen from her. The uniform testimony of those who read the work is, that the basis, and in great part the form thereof, now constitute the Mormon Bible. — Hist. Mag., Aug. 1869; AUnmi D.C. Spangenberg, Acgdstus Gottlieb, Ph. D. (Jena, 1726), a Mora%'ian bishop, b. Klettenberg, Germany, 15 July, 1704 ; d. near Hernhutt, 18 Sept. 1792. The son of a cler- gyman. He aided in establishing near Jena free schools for poor cliildren ; became in 1731 a prof, in tlie U. of Halle, and assist, supt. of Francke's Orphan House ; and, joining the ilo- ravians in 1733, was a missionary to the W. Indies and North iVmerica in 1735'-9. He es- tablished a colony in Ga., and received a grant of land, a part of which is within the present limits of Savannah. He preached to the Germans of Pa. ; and his report on the state of religion there induced his church to found the town of Bethlehem; made a bishop in 1744. He was again in America in 1744-9, and a third time in 1751-.June, 1762. He made frequent journeys to the Indian country ; was adopted by the Oneidas, and was liiLihly n^pcctcd by the In- dians. A large tr,,. i oi : n.i in Western N.C. was bought in 17 ■: , , ; ,ii,vr church planted there. Hi: I i and Indian warof 1755-62, 1! i tlie frontier post, and was sio i odcd by the Christian Indian-, i,. , _ |iotection to the country soutli o: . ii;. .,, rathofZin- zendoi-ff in 176U, lie n.u i.u\ii to the supreme council of the sect, and in 17G4 app. supreme inspector in Upper Alsatia. Made in 1789 pres. of the gen. directory. Author of " Biog- raphy of Zinzendorff," 1772-5, 8 vols. 8vo, and " Idcu Fidei Fialrum," 8vo, 1779. Sparks, Jared, LL.D. (H. U. 1843), his- torian, b. Willington, Ct., May 10, 1789; d. Cambridge, Ms., March 14, 1866. H.U. 1815. Tutor 1817-19. His youth was passed in agric and mechanical occupations. During his col- lege course he taught for a time a small private school at Havre de Grace, Md., and while there served in the militia called out to repel an an- ticipated attack by the British. He studied theology at Camb. ; and also became one of the conductors of the N. A. Review, of which he was sole proprietor and editor in 1823-30. From May 5, 1819, until 1823, when his health became impaired, he was a Unitarian minister in B.altimore. In 1821 he was elected chaplain to the house of representatives ; McLean prof of history at H. U. in 1839-49; and pres. in 1849-52 ; in 1857 he made a European tour with his family, and afterward resided in Cam- bridge. He piib. in 1820 " Letters on the Min- istry, Ritual, and Doctrine of the Prot.-Ep. Church ; " " Unitarian Miscellany and Chris- tian Monitor," 1821-3; " Comparative Moral Tendency of Trinitarian and Unitarian Doc- trines," 1 823 ; " Essays and Tracts on Theolo- gy," 6 vols. 1826; "Life of John Ledyard," 1828 ; " The Writings of George Washington, with a Life," 12 vols. 8vo, 1834-7; "The Diploraatic Corresp. of the Amer. Revol.," 12 vols. 8vo, 1829-30; " The Life of Gouverneur Morris," 3 vols. Svo, 1832; "The American Almanac," 1830; "Library of Amer. Biog.," 25 vols. 18mo, 1834-8 and 1844-8; "The Works of Benjamin Franklin, with a Life," 10 vols. Svo, 1840. His long and important labors in illustration of American history were closed in 1854 by his " Corresp. of the Amer. Revol.," 4 vols. 8vo, 1854. His historical writings erince thorough research, candid judgment, dispassionate criticism, and accuracy and sim- plicity of style. In 1852 he printed two jjam- phlets in defence of his mode of editing the Writings of Wasliington, in reply to the stric- tures of Lord Mahon and others ; and a similar pamphlet in 1853, occasioned by a reprint of the original Icttrrs from Washington to Joseph Kfril, Hi, •■ \Va..hiugton" cost him 9 years of lal...r, iiirhi'liuL; researches in 1828 in the ar- chiv. s ,,t I, l,,n and Paris, then opened for the tirst time for historical purposes, and the personal examination of the Revol. papers in the public offices of the original 13 States and the dept. at Washington. He also secured the possession of all the Washington papers at Mt. Vernon. To his series of Biography he con- trib. Lives of Ethan Allen, Marquette, Arnold, De La Salle, Pulaski, Ribault, Charles Lee, and Ledyard. A Memoir of Sparks, by G. E. Ellis, D.D., was pub 1869. Spear, Chakles, Universalist minister, b. Boston; d. Washington, D.C., 1863. His la- bors in behalf of prisoners were constant, visit- ing tiiem, and, after their release, aiding them to obtain emplovment. Author of " Names and Titles of Christ," 16th ed., 1844; "Essays on the Punishment of Death," 1844; "Plea for Discharged Convicts," 1844; "Voices from Prison," a selection of Poems. Edited the Prisoner's Friend 1849-54, 6 vols. Svo. Speeee, Conrad, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1820), b. N. London, Va.,Nov. 7, 1776; d. Staunton, Va., Feb. 15, 1836. Employed in farm-labor until 16. Educated atLiberty Hall.since known as Wash. Coll. ; studied divinity, and was a Baptist preacher, and a tutor in Hampden-Sid. Coll. Licensed by the presbytery of Hanover 1801. He published in the Kepublican Farmer, weekly, "The Mountaineer," 1813-16, a de- script, of men and things in Va., after the manner of the Spectator ; a number of single sermons, 1810-32; and some poems. Pastor of the Augusta Church, Va., 1813-36.— i, James, lawyer, b. Jeff. Co., Kv., March 11, 1812. St. Joseph Coll. Studied law at Transylv. U. ; adrn. to the bar, and practised at Louisville from 1833 ; member of the legisl. in 1847; State senator 1861 ; U.S. atty.-gen. Nov. 1864-JuIy, 1866; resumed his profession ; delegate, and prcs. of the Phila. Loyalists' Convention of 1866. Spelman, Henkt, third son of Sir Henry the antiquary. Came to Va. in 1609. Author of" Relation of Virginia," pub. Lond. 186 1. Spence, Robert Trail, capt. U.S.N. , b. Portsmouth, N. H. ; d. near Baliimore, 26 Sept. 1826. Midshipm. 15 May, 1800; licut. 17 Feb. 1807 ; com. 24 July, 1813 ; captain 23 Feb. 1815. He served under Preble iu the at- tack on Tripoli, July-Scpt. 1804. Spencer, Ambrose, LL.D. (H.U. 1821), politician and jurist, b. Salisburv, Ct., Dec. 13, 1765; d. Lyons, N.Y., March 1.3, 1848. H.U. 1783. The son of a farmer and mechan- ic. Educated, together with his bro. Philip, at Yale and at Harvard. He studied law with John Canfield of Sharon, Ct., whose dau. he m. before he was 19, and settled in Hudson, N.Y. In 1786 he was app. clerk of that city ; in 1793 he was elected a member of the As- sembly; in 1795 he was elected to the senate for 3 years, and in 1798 was re-elected for 4 years. He was the author of a bill, which be- came a law, meliorating the criminal code, and authorizing the erection of a State prison near New York. It abolished the punishment of death in all cases but treason and murder, and substituted imprisonment and hard labor. In 1796 he was app. assist, atty.-gen.; atty.-gen. in 1802-4; and in 1804 he received the app. of a justice of the Supreme Court, of which he was chief justice iu 1819-23. Though a la- borious and eminent lawyer. Judge Spencer never failed to take the most lively interest in politics. He was the warm friend' of De Witt Clinton, but separated from him on the ques- tion of the war of 1812. In 1812 he was ac- tive in the struggle to prevent the charter uf the six-million bank. Member of the State Const. Conv. in 1821 ; resumed for a while the practice of big profession at Albany ; and was subsequently employed in various public du- ties, particularly that of mayor of Albany; M.C. 1829-31. In 1839 he removed to the village of Lyons. In 1844 he presided at the Whig Nat. Convention, held at Baltimore. While in Congress, the difficulty with the Cherokee Indians enlisted in their behalf his warmest sympathies, and he united with Wirt and other philanthropists in tlie vain endeavor to arrest the monstrous injustice of our government. Spencer, Mrs. Bella Z., authoress, b. London, Eng., ab. 1840; d. Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1 Aug. 1867. She came to the U.S. in infan- cy ; m. Gen. Geo. E. Spencer in 1862, and was the author of "Tried and True," 1866; " Surface and Depth," 1867 ; " Ora, the Lost Wife," 1864 ; and other works. Spencer, Ehhu, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1782), Presbyt. pastor, b. E. H.iddam, Ct., Feb. 12, 1721 ; d. Trenton, Dee. 27, 1784. Y.C. 1746. Ord. Sept. 14, 1748. Descended from Jarcd of Cambridge, 1634, who settled in Haddam in 1660. Missionary to the Oneidas in 1748- 9 ; pastor at Elizabethtown, N. J., Feb. 7, 1750-6; afterwards at St. George's, Del. ; and from Oct. 1769 at Trenton, N.J. Gen. Jo- seph was his bro. A dau. m. Jonathan Dick- inson Sergeant. — Sprague. SPE 855 SPI Spenoer, Ichabod Smith, D.D. (Ham. Coll. 1841), Presb. minister, b. Rupert, Vt., Feb. 23, 1798; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Nov. 23, 1854. Union Coll. 1822. Descended from Thos., a first setiler of Hartford, who d. 1687. He studied at Salem Acad., N.Y., and taught school at Schenectady and Canandaipfua. Set- tled at Northampton, Sept. 11, 1828, as eol- leaKue with Mr. Williams; dism. March 12, 1832, and was pastor of the Second Church, Sketches." His sermons, with Memoir, were pub. by J. M. Sherwood, 2 vols. 18.55; his Sacramental Discourses by Gardiner Sprinij, 1 86 1 ; " Evidences of Divine Revelation," 1 865. — Sproffne. Spencer, Jesse Ames, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1852), clergyman and author, b. Hvde Park, N.Y., June 17, 1816. Col. Coll. 1837. Re- moving to N.Y. City in 1825, he was several years assist, to his father as city surveyor. He studied theology in the Gen. Sem. of the Epis. Church; was ord. deacon in July, 1840, and priest in 1841. After 2 years' ministerial la- bor at Goshen, N.Y., he was compelled by ill- health to make a trip to Europe, and on his return engaged in educational and literary oc- cupations. In 1848-9 he travelled in Europe, Egypt, and the Holy Land ; and in 1850 was app. prof, of Latin and Oriental languages in Burlington Coll., N.J. He became editor and sec. of the Epis. Sunday-school Union and Church Book Society in' Nov. 1851, but re- signed in 1857 ; in 1858 was elected vice-pres. of the Troy U., but declined ; prof, of Greek in the Coll. of N.Y. City since Oct. 1869. He has pub. a vol. of " Discourses," 1843 ; " His- tory of the English Reformation," 1846 ; " The New Testament in Greek, with Notes," 1847; " CtE'^ar's Commentaries," 1848; "Egypt and the Holy Land," 1849; and a " History of the U.S.," 4 vols. 8vo, 1858. He has also edited a valuable series of classical books by T. K. Arnold. Spencer, John Canfield, LL.D., lawver and politician, b. Hudson, N.Y., Jan. 8, 1788; d. Albanv, N.Y'., May 18, 1855. Un. Coll. 1806. Son of Chief Justice Ambrose. In 1809 he m., and opened a aw-office in Canan- daigua, whence in 1845 he removed to Albany. Becoming at the age of 19 private sec. to Gov. Tompkins, from that time until his last illness he was prominent in public affairs. In 1811 he was m.ide master in chancery; in 1813 brigade judge-advocate in active service on the frontier; in 1814 postmaster of Canan- daigua; in 1815 assistant atty.-gen. for the western part of the State ; and was M.C. from 1817 to 1819. While there, as one of the com. to examine into the affairs of the U.S. Bank, he drew up its report. When, 15 years after- wards, the final struggle came, and Gen. Jack- son was using the means furnished to his lumd by this report, Mr. Spencer was found among the friends of the bank. In 1819-20 hc'was a member of the Assembly, and was speaker in 1820 ; State senator in 1824-8 ; in 1827 he was app. by Gov. Clinton one of the board to revise the statutes of New York, and took an impor- tant part in the performance of that laborious and responsible task. Joining the anti-Masonic party, he was app. special atty.-gen. under the law passed for that purpose, to prosecute those connected with the alleged abduction of Mor- gan, but resigned in May, 18-30, having, mean- while, involved himself in a controversy with Gov. Throop. In 1832 he was again elected to the Assembly ; in 1839-41 he was sec. of state, and supt. of common schools ; in Oct. 1841 he was made sec. of war by Pres. Tyler ; and in March, 1843, was transferred to the treasury dept., but resigned in 1844 from his opposition to the annexation of Texas, and afterward de- voted himself to the practice of his profession. The organization of the State asylum for idiots, and the improvement of the common-school system of the State, were, to a very considerable extent, due to him. He edited the first Amer- ican edition of De Tocqueville's "Democracy in America," with an original preface and Spencer, Gen. Joseph, b. East Haddam, Ct., 1714; d. there Jan. 13, 1789. Judge of probate in 1753; joined the Northern army in 1758 as major under Col. Whiting, and as lieut.-col. in the two following campaigns, when he acquired the reputation of a brave and good officer. Elected a member of the council in 1766, and was app. brig.-gen. in the Cont. army, June 22, 1775; maj.-gen. Aug. 9, 1776. He was with the army in the exped. against R.I. in 1778, and assisted in Sullivan's retreat; and resigned 14 June, 1778, in consequence of an order by Congress to inquire into the reasons of the failure on his part to carry out the plan of an exped. against the British in R.I. the preceding year. In 1779 he was elect- ed to Congress, and in 1780 was again ele :,.-;ii r, ;; -tation he occupied until 1865. He has six times received the prize for the best poems for the American stage, beeoming known as a poet by being iu 1 S2 1 the Bueee.isi'ul com- petitor for the prize offered for the best prol- ogue at the opening of the Park Theatre, N.Y. In 1823 he wrote the prize ode for the pageant in honor of Shakspeare at the Boston Theatre; in 1830 he pronounced an ode at the centennial celebration of the settlement of Boston; in 1827 he delivered an address on intemperance ; and at the commencement at Harvard, 1829, delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society the ingenious poem " Curios- ity." He was of the city council in 1823, '24, and '27, and delivered the city oration July 4, 1825. Among his best pieces are the " Ode on Shakspeare," and the " Winged Worshipjiers." An edition of his poems and prose wridngs appeared in 1855, 8vo. A son, Chakles James, has also written verses in a delicate vein of sentiment. Sprague, John T., col. U.S.A., b. New- buryport, Ms., 1812. App. lieut. U.S. marines 17 Oct. 1834; served against the Creek and Seminole Indians; adj. Nov. 1843-6; brev. capt. 15 Mar. 1S42 for good conduet in Fla. war; capt. Sept. 1S46; maj. 1st Inf. 14 May, 1861 ; chief of staff to Gen. Pope; adj.-gen. of N.Y. 1861-5; liout.-col. Uth Inf. Mar. IS63; col. 7th Inf. 12 June, 1865; and retired 15 July, 1870. Author of a "History of the Florida War," 8vo, 1848. Sprague, Peleg, LL.D. (H.U. 1847), jurist, b. Duxbury, Ms., Apr. 28, 1793. H.U. 1812. Litchf. Law School. William his an- cestor is supposed to have come over with Rev. Mr. IDgginson to Salem in 1629, and settled at Ilingham. Adm. to the Plymouth-Co. bar iu Aug. 1815; practised 2 years in Augusta, Me., and then settled in Hallowell, where he speedily acquired distinction. Member of the Me. legisl. 1820-1; M.C. 1825-9; U.S. senator 1829-35; U.S. dist. judge of Ms. 1841-65. Judge Sprague removed to Boston iu 1835. Author of " Speeches and Addresses," 8vo, 1858; "Decisions," 1841-61, edited by F. E. Parker, 8vo, 1861; vol. ii. 1854-64, 8vo, 1868. — Willis's Ixia-^ers of Me. Sprague, William, gov. of R.I. 1838-9, b. Cranston, R.I., 1800; d. Providence, Oct. 19, 1851. Wlien quite yoimg, he was elected to the General Assembly, and in 1832 was chosen speaker of the house; M.C. in 1836-8 ; U.S. senator 1842-5; and afterwards member of the Assembly of his State. He was engaged largely in the manuf. of cotton, and was pres. of the Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill Rail- road, of the Globe Bank, and of the People's Savings Bank. 857 in Sparks's "Amer. Biog.," turcs on Revivals of Religi Sprague, William, gov. of R.I. in 1860- 3, b. Cranston, R.I., Sept. 12, 1830. Nephew of the preceding. Aransa, his father, was mur- dered at Cranston, R.I., ab. Jan. 1844. He has been engaged fi'om boyhood in the calico print-works founded by his grandfather Wil- liam, after whose death thej were canicd on by liis father and uncle, and in which he became partner. In Feb. 1861 he offered to the Pres. 1,000 men and a battery of artillery, and, as soon as the call for troojis was made, hastened with them to the field. The coraniiss. of brig.- gen. of vols, was ottered him ; but he refused It. He fought with the R.I. troops at Bull Run, where his horse was shot under him, and in several engagements of the Chiekahominy campaign. Chosen U.S. senator for 6 years from Mar. 4, 1863, and re-elected for the fol- lowing term. Sprague, William Bcell, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1S28), clergyman and author, b. An- dover, Ct., Oct. 16, 1795.^ Y.C. 1815. Princet. Theol. Sem. 1819. Private tutor in the family of Maj. Lawrence Lewis of Va. one year ; was colleague pastor, with Rev. Joseph Lathrop, of the First Cong. Church, West Springfield, Ms., 1819-29; and has, since Aug. 26, 1829, been pastor of the Second Pi-csb. Church at Albany. He visited Europe in 1 828 and 1 836. His writ- ings are, "Several Discourses on Special Occa- sions," 1821 ; "Letters to a Daughter," 1 822 ; "Letters from Europe," 1828 ; "Life of E. D. Griffin," 1S38; "Lite of Timothy Dwight," ■ ~ — .. jg^j. „Y^^^^ 1832; "Hints on Christian Intercourse," 1834; " Contrast be- tween True and False Religion," 1837; "Aids to Early Religion," 1847 ; " Words to a Young Man's Conscience," 1848; "Visits to Euro- pean Celebrities," 1855; " Annals of the Amer. Pulpit," 9 vols. 8vo, 1857-66; "Lectures to Young People," 1825; "Letters to Young Men," 1854; "Women of the Bible," 8vo, 1850; "Memoirs of Rev. John and W. A. McDowell, D.D.," 1864 ; and was a contrib. to Appkton's New Amer. Cyclop. He has also written numerous introductions to biog. and other works, and is the author of more than 100 pamphlets. Among these are "Funeral Sermon on Dr. Joseph Lathrop," 1 82 1 ; "Hist. Discourse at West Springfield," 1 824 ; " Fourth- of-July Discourse at Northampton," 1827 ; "A Sermon at Albany in behalf of the Polish Exiles," 1834; "Oration Commemorative of Lafayette, at Albany," 1834; "Phi Beta Kappa Address" at Yale, 1843; "Address Before the Philomathesiau Society of Middle- bury Coll.," 1844; "Hist. Discourse on the Second Presb. Church of Albany," 1846; "Dis- courses on Dr. Chalmers and Silas Wright," 1847; "Ambrose Spencer," 1848; and on " Samuel Miller of Princeton," 1850. He has one of the largest collections of autographs in America. — Duyckinck. Spring, Gardiner, D.D. (Ham. 1819), LL.D. (Laf. Coll. 1853), author and clergyman, b. Newburyport, Ms., Feb. 24, 1785.. Y.C. 1805. Son of Rev. Samuel. He studied law with Judge Daggett at New Haven; taught school 15 months in Bermuda; was adm. to the bar in December, 1808, and commenced practice ; but was induced soon after to study theology. After studying at Andover, he was licensed toward the end of 1809, and Aug. 10, ISIO, was called to the Brick Church in N.Y. City, where he has since remained, unmoved by invitations to preside at Hamilton and Dart- mouth Colleges, maintaining for over half a century a position as one of the most popular preacliers and esteemed divines of tlie city. His works include "The Attiaotiim of the Cross," 1845; " Tlie Mercv - Slmi," 1849: " First Things," 1851 ; " Tlie'Ulorv ol' Christ," 1852; "The Power of the Pul|)it," 1848; " Short Sermons for the People ; " " The Obligations of the World to the Bible," 1844; " Mi.scellanies," including" Essays on the Dis- tinguishing Traits of Christian Character," 1813; "The Church in the Wilderness;" " Memoirs of the Late Hannah L. Murray," 1849 ; " Memoirs of Rev. S. J. Mills," 1820 ; " Fragments from the Study of a Pastor," 1838 ; " The Bible not of Man," 1847 ; " Dis- courses to Seamen," 1847 ; " Contrast between Good and Bad Men," 2 vols. 1855; "Brick- Church Memorial," 1861; "Pulpit Ministra- tions," 2 vols. 8vo, 1864; and "Personal Reminiscences," 2 vols. 8vo, 1866. His works are pub. 10 vols. 8vo, 1855. — Dua/lciiick. Spring, Marshall, M.D., physician, b. Watertown, Ms., Feb. 19, 1742 ; d. 'there Jan. 11,1818. H.U. 1762. He studied under his maternal uncle. Dr. Josiah Converse, and, after a short residence at St. Eustatia, settled in Watertown, where he soon acquired a large practice. Though differing in political sen- timent from his neighbors, he was early on the ground at Lexington, skilfully atten^ling the wounded. In 1789 he was a member of the State conv. which adopted the U.S. Con- stitution, which he opposed, never having be- lieved in the capacity of the people for self- govt. ; several years a Democ. member of the exec, council. He was remarkable for wit and repartee. — Tliucher. Spring, Samuel, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1806), cleriryman, b. Nonhbridge, Ms., Feb. 27, 1746; d. Newburyport, Mar. 4, 1819. N.J. Coll. 1771. Having been licensed to preach, he in 1775 became a chaplain in the army, and ac- comp. Arnold's exped. to Canada. At the close of 1776 he left the army, and (Aug. 6, 1777) was ord. pastor of a church in Newbury- port, where he continued till his death. He was a man of great influence, and weight of character ; was active as a leader of the Hop- kinsian party, and also in the organization of the A. B. C. F. M. ; he also aided in founding the Ms. Missionary Society in 1799, of which he was pres. Besides some controversial works, he pub. some 25 miscellaneous discourses. By his wife, dau. of Dr. Hopkins of Hadley, he had two sons, ministers in N.Y. and Hartford. Sproat, Col. Ebexezee, Revol. officer, b. Middleborough,Ms.,1752; d. Marietta, 0.,Feb. 1805. Entering the army acapt.early in 1775, he was successively major and lieut.-col., and finally lieut.-col. comg. 2d Ms. Regt. He was in Glover's brigade at Trenton, Princeton, and Monmouth, and app. insp. of brigade by Steuben. After the war, he was a surveyor in Providence, R.I., where he m. a dau. of Com. 858 >XA Whipple. He began a survey of Ohio lands in 1786 ; led the party of emigrants who set- tled Marietta in 1788 ; and was 14 years sheriff, and col. of militia. He was tall and command- ing in person, and was bv the Indians called " the Big Buckeye." — Uildrelli. Spurzheim, John Gaspard, M.D., phrenologist, b. Longwich, Prussia, 31 Dec. 1776; d. Boston, 10 Nov. 1832. Educated at the U. of Treves. In 1799 he studied medicine at Vienna ; assisted Gall, the originator of the science of phrenology, anatomy of the brain, Paris, lecturing and teaching until 1813. Society's Collections on the remains at Stone- Spurzheim then visited Great Britain, where henge, examined during a visit to Europe and Monuments," 2 vols. 1852; "Notes on Central America," &c., 1854; " Waikua, or Adventures on the Mosquito Shore," 1855; " Question Anglo -Ainericaine" &c., Paris, 1856 ; "The States of Central America," 1857; " Monograph of Authors who have written on the Aboriginal Languages of Central Amer.," 1861; and "Tropical Fibres, and their Eco- nomic Extraction." He has received the med- al of the Geog. Society of France, and is a member of various scientific and literary socie- investigating the ties. He has also pub. " The Serpent Sym- accomp. him to bol," 185J ; a paper in the Ethnological for many years he taught and explained his theories in various cities. Arriving in N.Y. in Aug. 1832, he proceeded to Boston, where he was enthusiastically received, and drew to his lectures large and intelligent audiences, but soon sunk under his labors, and was buried at Mount Auburn. He assisted Gall in prepar- ing his great work on the " Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System in General, and of the Brain in Particular; " and was the author of " Physiognomy in Connection with Phrenology," 1833; "Observations on In- sanity," " Phrenology or Doctrine of the Mind," " Sketch of the Natural Laws of Man," and Honduras and San Salvador, Geo- grai.liiral, Hi-ioriral, ana Staii-tiral," 2 vols.; aiiil ■' llaiitiiiu a l'a~^," (uiiipii-iii 4 ailventures, ul.-rrva:iiiii-, and iiii|a'<-.-ii .ii~ aiiiia_' a year of tu-uvc i'X|.lurati.ins in tlir Statc-^ ^jT Nicaragua, Honduras, and San Salvador, with numerous illustrations. He has also been an industrious contrib. to the periodical, newspaper, and scientific literature of the day, on Central- America politics and antiquities, and ethnology of the aborigines. Editor of Frank Leslie's pub- lications. U.S. coniniiss. to Peru 1863-4. First pres. Anthropological Institute of N.Y. 1871. Stahel, Oe\. Julius, b. Hungary 1825. Anatomy of the Brain," 1830-2; " View of Entering the military sen'ice of Austria, the Elera. Principles of Education," 12mo, 1832 Squier, Ephbaim George, archaeologist, b. Bethlehem, N.Y., June 17, 1821. A.M. of N. J. Coll. 1848. Son of a Meth. (Sinister of N.Y., and grandson of a Revol. soldier, who d. 1842, a. 97. In his youth he worked on a farm in summer, and taught school in winter. He next pub. a village newspaper; studied civil engineering; and in 1841-2 contributed to, and virtually edited, the N. Y. State Me- chanic at Albany; pub. also a vol. on the Chinese in 1843 ; m 1843-5 he edited the Hartford Dailij Journal, and was efficient in organising the Whig party of Ct. ; in 1845-8 he edited the Scioto Gazette at Chillicothe ; and .^i^,.^^, . was clerk of the legisl. in 1847-8. In conjuuc- painter of Boston, b. Eng. ab. 1820. C tion with Dr. Davis of Ohio, he commenced a the U.S. in early childhood, and while engaged systematic investigation of the aboriginal in mechanical occupations at Newport, R.I., monuments of the Mpi. Valley, the results of received instructions in painting from Jane which he embodied in a Memoir in the first Stuart and AUston, and soon attained high vol. of Smithsonian " Contribs. to Knowledge." rank as a painter of miniature portraits. Those At the request of Albert Gallatin, he prepared of Allston, Webster, and Everett, are memo- " " Memoir on the Ancient Monuments of the rable. His cabinet coast^scenes and genre from the ranks to be 1st lieut. ; but es- poused the Hifngarian cause, and served thi-ough the war on the staffs of Gorgey and Guyon. When Austria triumphed, he emigrated to Ger- many, thence to Eng., and finally to N. Y. City, where he became a journalist, and in 1859 established the N.Y. Illustrated News, which he conducted a year. In May, 1861, he became lieut.-col. 8th N. Y. Vols. (Col. Blenker), and com. the regt. in the battle of Bull Run. He was soon after made its col. ; had charge of a brigade in Blenker's division ; and became brig.-gen. vols. Nov. 12,1861. In Dec. 1862 he com. a div. in Sigel's Uth army corps; maj.-gcn. March 14, 1863. Staigg, Richard M., miniature and genre West," pub. in the Trans, of the Ethnological Society. Under the auspices of the N.Y. Hist. Society, he pub. in 1849 "Aboriginal Monuments of the State of N.Y. from Original Surveys and Explorations." App. in 1848 charge d'affaires to the republics of Central America, he negotiated treaties with Nicaragua, Honduras, and San Salvador. In 1853 he pieces are highly valued ; among them are " Cat's - Cradle," " The Crossing - Sweeper," " News from the War," " Knitting," " The Love-Letter," and " The Sailor's Grave." — Tuckerman. Stanard, Robert, jurist ; d. Richmond, Va., May 13, 1846, a. 66. He was a disting. member of the State Const. Conv. of 1829-30; again visited Central America to investigate represented Richmond for several sessions in the Une of an inter-oceanic railway, the result the house of delegates ; and stood at the head of which is pub. in his Report of the Honduras of the bar of that city when he was elevated Inter-Oceanic Railway Co., of which he was sec. to the bench of the Court of Appeals. In a second visit to Europe he secured the co-"^ Stanberry, Henrt, lawyer, b. New York, operation of French and English capitalists, Feb. 20, 1803. Wash. Coll., Pa., 1819. He and special guaranties for the road from those went to Ohio in 1814; adm. to the Ohio bar govts. His explorations and observations are in 1824; atty.-gen. of Ohio 1846; U.S. atty.- found in his " Nicaragua, its People, Scenery, gen. July, 1866, to March, 1868. Defended 1^ :& AJU ■ |v»^u, 2. 859 STA. President Johnson during the impeachment Standish, Miles, an early New-Eng. sol- dier, b. Lancashire, Eng., ab. 1584; d. Dux- bury, Ms., Oct. .3, 1656. He had served in the Netherlands. Came to Plymouth with the first company in 1 620 ; and was chosen capt. by the Pilgrims, though not of their church. He was small in stature, but of a very hot and angry temper ; possessed great courage, energy, and determination ; and rendered important services to the early settlers. ^ Sent in 1623 to Wey- mouth to protect the inhabitants from a con- spiracy of the Indians, he seized their chief, Pecksuot, snatched his knife from his nock, and killed him with it. Tliis and similar exploits filled the savages with a wholesome terror of hira, and gave security to the colonists. In 1625 he went to Eng. as agent for the Colony, and returned with supplies in 1626. He then settled in Duxbury, where he was a magistrate for the rest of his life. — See his Will in Gen- eal. Reg., v. 335. Stanford, Johx. D.D., Baptist clergyman list, b. Wandsworth, Eng., Oct. ■few Vork, Jan. U, 1834. He studied medicine ; then engaged in teaching at Hammersmith, near London ; and, after join- ing the Baptist Church, came in 1786 to the U.S. ; spent some months at Norfolk, Va., 1789-1813; and in 1791 commenced a course of Sunday-evening lectures. A Baptist church having been formed, through his exertions, in 1794, he officiated as its pastor until ab. 1800; in 1811 he became chaplain of the almshouse ; and ultimately the prisons, hospitals, and charitable asylums of tlie city became his field of labor. He also taught classes of theol. stu- dents. Besides a " History of the First Bap- tist Church of Providence," he wrote a number of tracts, addresses, and discourses; a coll. of essays entitled " The Aged Christian's Com- panion," 1 829 ; "Domestic Chaplain," 1806; " Description of New- York City," 1814. — See Memoir hi/ C. G. Soinmers. Stanford, Leland, a prominent citizen of Cal., -b. near Albany, N.Y., 9 Mar. 1824. His ancestors settled as farmers in the Mohawk Valley ab. 1720. He had a com. -school educa- tion. Was adm. to the bar in 1 849 ; practised in Port Washington, Mich., in 1849-52; became a merchant in Sacramento ; was a deleg. to the Chicago conv. in 1860; gov. of Cal. 1862-4; and, as pres. of the Central Pacific Railroad Co., was foremost in pushing forward that great national enterprise. He is largely interested in railrond and nianuf. enterprises in California. Staniford, Thomas, col. U. S. A., b. Vt. 1789 ; d. Cambridge, Md., Feb. 3, 1855. App. ensign 11th Inf. Oct. 12, 1812; adj. 1819; capt. March, 1820 ; maj. 4th Inf. Dec. 1, 1839 ; hrev. lieut.-col. for gallant conduct in battles of Palo Alto and R. de la Palma, May 9, 1846 ; lieut.- col. 8th Inf. June 29, 1846; brev. col. for gal- lant and meritorious conduct in battles of Monterev, Mexico, Sept. 23, 1846; col. 3d Inf. Feb. -23,' \8o-2. — Gardiner. Stanley, Anthost Domond, mathema- tician, b. East Hartford, Ct., April 2, 1810; d. there March 16, 1853. Y.C. 1830. He was tutor there in 1832-6, and prof in 1836-53. Author of a " Treatise on Spherical Trigonome- try," " Tables of Logarithms," and a revised of Day's "Algebra." 3y, David S., brev. maj.-gcn. U.S.A., b. Cedar Valley, Wayne Co., O., 1 June, 1828. West Point, 1852. Entering the 2d Dragoons, ho became (27 Mar. 1855) 1st lieut. 1st Cav. ; distinguished at defeat of Comanche Indians in the VVichita Mountains, 25 Feb. 1859; capt. 4th Cav. 16 Mar. 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. 28 Sept. 1861 ; maj. -gen. 29 Nov. 1862 ; maj. 5th Cav. 1 Dec. 1863; col. 22d Inf. 28 July, 1866. When the Rebellion broke out, he suc- cessfully brought off all the govt, property from Forts Smith, Washita, Arbuckle, and Cobb ; did good service in Mo., especially at Dug Springs and Wilson's Creek ; and was after- ward some time disabled by a fall from his horse. Joining Gen. Pope at New Madrid, he com. the 2d div. Array of the Mpi. at the battle of Farmington ; May 28, 1862, he repulsed an attack by Cleburne on the left wing ; was in the pursuit of the Confeds. to Booneville in the battles of luka and Corinth ; chief of cav., Army "of the Cumberland, Nov. 1 862 ; displayed great ability and skill at the battle of Stone River ; was engaged in the advance on Tulla- homa ; the exped. to Huntsville, Ala. ; the pas- sage of the Tenn. River in Sept. 1863 ; com. 1st div. 4th corps in Nov. 1863 ; in the Atlanta campaign under Sherman ; com. the 4th corps from July, 1864, to the close of tlie war. His timely arrival on the battle-field of Franklin averted disaster; but he was wounded and dis- abled. He was brev. lieut.-col. 31 Dec. 1862 for Stone River; col. 15 May, 1864, for Re- saca, Ga. ; brig.-gen. and maj. -gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for Ruff's Station, Ga., and Franklin, Tennessee. Stanley, Edward, lawyer and statesman, b. Newbern, N.C. Eldest son of Hon. John, lawyer and M.C. (1801-3 and 1803-11), d. 3 Aug. 1 833. Edward was a Whig M.C. in 1 836- 42 and 1 849-53 ; represented Beaufort in the legisl. of N.C. in 1844, '46, and '48 ; speaker in 1848, and atty.-gen. of the State in 1847. He was one of the ablest of the Whig members of Congress ; voted for the compromise meas- ures of 1850, but was not thought in the South to be sufficiently devoted to the defence and preservation of slavery. In 1853 he went to San Francisco, where he practised law ; in 1857 he was the Repub. candidate for gov., re- ceiving 21,040 votes to 53,122 forWeller, Dem- ocrat. After the capture of Newbern (March 14, 1862) and the occupation of other points in N.C, he was app. military gov. of the State, which place he filled some months, then re- signed, and returned to California. Stanley, Fabius, commo. U.S.N., son of John, lawyer and M.C, b. Newborn, N.C, Dec. 15,1815. Midshipm. Dec.20, 1831 ; lieut. Sept. 8, 1841 ; com. May 19, 1861; capt. July 25, 1866 ; commo. June, 1870. Attached to sloop "Dale," Pacific squad., during Mexican war, and present at the capture of Guayamas, and many engagements on the Pacific coast ; com. the " Wyandotte " in 1860, and prevented srcA. tlie attack of Fort Taylor, Key West, by the Cunfeds. ; com. steamer "Narragatiset," PaciKc squad., 1862-3; steamer " Statu of Georgia," S. Atl. squad., 1864-5. In 1865 ordered to com. Fort Johnson, also an exped. up the Santee, and that of Bull's Bay against Cliarles- ton ; com. " Tuscarora," S. Pacific squad., 18G6-7. — Hamersly. Stanley, J- M., portrait-painter, b. Canan- daigua, N.I., 1814; removed to Michigan in 1834. Began his profession in Detroit in 1835, and has practised it in various places, travel- ling extensively among the Indians, taking the likenesses of the principal chiefs. In 1851-63 he resided in Washington, D.C. His extensive collection of Indian portraits and miscellaneous pictures were for many years a chief attraction of the Smithsonian Inst., where they were in Jan. 1865 unfortunately destroyed by fire. Now (1871) resides in Detroit. Stansbury, Maj. How.^kd, b. N.Y. City, Feb. 8, 1806 ; d. Madison, Wis., April 17, 1863. App. 1st lieut. topog. eugrs. July 7, 1838 ; capt. July, 1840 ; maj. Sept. 23, 1861. Prior to his entry into the eng. corps, he was engaged in various surveys of Western rivers, and in 1835 had charge of a number of public works in In- diana. In 1841 he was engaged on a survey of the lakes ; in 1842-5 he was in charge of the survey of the harbor of Portsraoutli, N.H., — a work which, for minute accuracy of detail, is unsurpassed in this country; in 1847 he was charged with the construction of an iron light- house on Carysfort Reef, Florida, the largest lighthouse on our coast; in 1849-51 he was engaged in the Great Salt-Lake exped., his report of which gave him a wide reputation ; in 1852-3 he was engaged upon the lake har- bors ; in 1856 he was assigned to the charge of the military roads in Minnesota ; at the time of his death, he was mustering and disbursing officer at Madison. Stansbury, Gen. Tobias E., b. 1756; d. Baltimore Co., Md., Oct. 25, 1849. From the opening events of the Eevol. war, down to with- in a foiv years of his death, he participated actively in national and state affairs ; was i-e- peatedly a member of the legisl., and presided as speaker of the house of delegates ; brig.- gcn. of Md. militia 1813-14; com. a brigade in battle of Bladensburg and in defence of Balti- more Stanton, Daniel, Quaker preacher, b. PhiUi. 170S; d. there June 28, 1770. He be- gan to preach in 1728 ; travelled in N.E.and the W. Indies ; went to Europe in 1748; and visit- ed the Southern Colonies in 1760. He bore testimony aj^ainst slavery, and against the vices of the city, especially horse- racing, drunk- enness, and stage-plays ; and was a very zealous, faithful preacher. — See Journal of his Life, Travels, and Gospel Labors, Phila. 8vo, 1772. Stanton, Edwin McMasters, LL.D. (Y.C. 1867), lawver and statesman, b. Steu- benville, 0., Dec. 19, 1814; d. Washington, D.C, Dec. 24, 1869. Kenyon Coll. 1833. His parents were of Quaker origin, i^nd came from Culpeper Co., Va. He became a bookseller's clerk at Columbus, 0.; studied law; and in 1836 was adm. to rhe Columbus bar. He be- gan practice at Cadiz, O. ; became prosec. atty. of the Co. in 1837; but soon removed to Steu- benville, where he had extensive practice. In 1839-42 he was reporter of the decisions of the Supreme Court. In 1848 he removed to Pitts- burg, became the leader of the bar, and was often employed in the Supreme Court at Wash- ington. His argument in the case of the Wheeling Suspension Bridge is among the most noted of his efforts during this period. In 1857 he removed to Washington; and in 1858 was employed by Atty .-Gen. Black to go to Cali- fornia to plead the cause of the U.S. in some very important cases. Dec. 14, 1860, he suc- ceeded Mr. Black as atty. -gen., and did his country great service by resisting, as tar as pos- sible, the efforts of the secession leaders, then actively engaged in prepaiiug the civil war that soon after broke out. He went out of oflSce with Mr. Buchanan's administration, March 4, 1861 ; succeeded Gen. Cameron as see. of war, J.m ll. isr..'; suspended Aug. 12, 1867, by Pit- .lulni, ,ii ; ] -instated by the sen- ate, Jan. 14, I ■ ■- ; i< i_ih,l Mav, 18'68; app. judge U.S. .^ii|.Mii.- I ourt, Dec. 20, 1869. His labors as war secretary during the Great Rebellion were overwhelming : he slept for months at the office, working till two or three o'clock in the morning, and rising bclore the sun. His assistant secretaries, men of energy and ability, broke down one after another; but he bore the brum of the burden with inflexible courage and persevurance, and unequalled ability. His opposition to the policy of the pres. made him obnoxious to Mr. Johnson, who sought to deprive him of his ofHce; but it was retained by Mr. Stanton until the failure of the impeachment trial, upon which he re- signed. His health had been sliaticred by his arduous labors; and he died bet'ure his commis- sion to the Supreme-Court bench had been made out. He pub. Reports, Sup. Ct. of Ohio, 1841-4, 3 vols. 8vo ; also Reports as Secretary of War, 1862-8. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, reformer, b. Johnstown,N.Y., Nov. 12,1816. Dau. of Judge Daniel Cady. She was educated at the Johns- town Acad., and Mrs. Willard's Seminary at Troy. In 1840 she m. Henry B. Stanton, an aniLilavery orator, and accomp. him to Lon- don, where he was a delegate to the World's Autislavery Convention. Here she made the acquaintance of Lucretia Mott, with whom, upon the question of woman's rights, she found herself in sympathy. On their return, Mr. Stanton practised law in Boston until 1845, when they removed to Seneca Falls, N.Y. The first woman's - rights convention was called by her at Seneca Falls, July 19-20, 1 848 ; and it made the first public demand for woman's suffrage. Since that period she has labored incessantly with pen and voice, travel- ling over the country, endeavoring to effect this great object. In 1868, she, with Parker Pills- bury and Susan B. AJithony, began to pub. the Revolution in advocacy of the new ideas. (See Eminent Women of the Age.) Her hus- band, Henry Brewster, b. Griswold, Ct., 1810, studied at Lane Sem., O. Author of " Reforms and Reformers," 1 849 ; addresses, &c. Stanton, Hbxry, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Vt. ab. 1796; d. Fort Hamilton, N.Y., Aug. 861 sx^ 1, 1856. App. lieut. of light art. June 29, 1813; assist, dcp. qmr.-gen. July, 1813; mili- tary sec. to Gen. Izard 1314 ; dop. qnir. (rank of major) May 13, 1820; acting adj.-gen. of the armjr under Gen. Jesup in Florida 183G- 37 ; assist, qmr.-gcn. (rank of col.) July 7, 1;838; brev.brig.-gen. " for meritorious conduct in the Mexican war," Jan. 1, 1S47. — Gardner. Stanton, Richaed H., M. C. fiom Ky. 1849-55, b. Alexandria, Va., 1SI2. Aiitliur of" Code of Ky.," 8vo, 1859 ; " 1! v. Statutes of Ky.,"2 vols. 8vo, 1S60; "Treatise Ibr Justices," 1861; "Manual for Exeeutors," 1862. Edited the Mai/sville Monitor and Mysville Express. — Allibone. Stanwix, John, lieut.-gcn., lost at sea in Dec. 1765 while crossing fiom Dublin to Holy- head in " The Eagle " packet. Nephew and heir to Brig.-Gen. Stanwix, who served with reputation in the wars of Queen Anne. En- army ] 1706; 1 old captain of grenadiers in 1739 ; made maj. of : 1741; licut.-col. in 1745; app. equerry to Frederick, Prince of Wales, in 1749; in 1750 was advanced to the govt, of Carlisle, which city he then represented in parliament ; and in 1 754 became dcp. qmr.-gen. of the forces. Jan. 1, 1756, he became col. com. of the first batt. of the 60ih, or Boy. Americans ; was put in com. of the Southern dist. on his arrival in Amcr., and had his headquarters at Carlisle, Pa., dur- ing 1757, and was app. brig.-gen. Dec. 27. On being relieved by Forbes in 1758, Brig. Stan- wix proceeded to Albany, whence he was ordered to the Oneida carrying-place to secure that important position by the erection of a work, which, in his honor, was called "Fort Stanwix." He retumed to Pa. in 1759; be- came maj.-gen. .June 19; repaired the old fort at Pittsburg, and surmounted the works with cannon ; and by his prudent conduct secured the good will of the Indians. He resigned his com. to Monckton, M.iy 4, 1760 ; became lieut.- gen. Jan. 19, 1761 ; and on his return to Eng. was app. lieut.-gov. of the Isle of Wight ; be- came col. of the 8th Foot, and M.P. for Ap- pleby. Staples, William Read, LL.D. (B.U. 1862), jurist and historian, b. Providence, R.I., Oct. 10, 1798; d. there Oct. 19, 1868. Brown U. 1817. Adm. to the bar in 181 9; assoc. judge Sup. Court, R.I., 1835-54; chief justice of that court 1854-6; see. and treas. R.I. Soe. for the Emourageraent of Domestic Industry fi-om 1856 until his death, and a contrib. of Biographies to its Transactions. One of the founders of the R.I. Hist. Society, many years its libraiian and sec, and a vice-pres. at his death. He edited the 2d vol. Colls. R.I. Hist. Society, and in the 5th vol. pub. " Annals of Providence." He also pub. " Documentary Hist, of the Destruction of the Gaspe'," 1845; " Proceedings of the First General Assembly for the Incorp. of Providence Plantations, &c., in 1647," 8vo, 1847; and "R. I. Book of Form,?," 12mo, 1859. He left unfinished a "History of the State Convention of 1790," since pub. ; " History of the Criminal Law of E.I.;" "R.I. in the Cont. Congress 1765- 90," pub. 8vo, 1870; edited with notes Gorton's "Simplicitie's Defence," 1835. Stark, Caleu, d. Dunbarton, N.H., Feb. 1, 1S64, a. 59. H.U. 1823. Son of Caleb, mij. Revol. army, who served fi-om Bunker's Hill to Yorktowu, and who in 1828 removed to 0. (b. 3 Dec. 1759; d. 26 Aug. 1838.) Ho. Sractised law in Cincinnati, 0., and Concord, ■.H. Author of " Reminiscences of the French War," &c., 8vo, 1S31 ; "A History of Dimbarton, N.H.," 1860; and a Life of his Grandfather, Gen. John Stark, 8vo, 1860. Stark, John, maj.-gen., b. Londondcrrv, X.U., Aug. 28, 1728; d. Manchester, N.H., May 8, 1822. Removing with his father to Derryficld, now Manchester, about 1736, he was employed in hunting and husbandry until April 28, 1752, when, being on a hunting ex- ped., he was taken prisoner by the St. Francis Indians. After six weeks' captivity, he was ransomed for 103 doll " ' He becan popular with the Indians by his frequent exhl- Iiiti'ii- >T .niii:im' and independence, and was al : '■ '' ' il"'. App. in 1755 a lieut. in K '.ly of Rangers, he served in tliar .11;. I iiir lii ..Aiiig campaign, and in Jan. 1757, while returning from an exped., the corps was attacked by the French and Indians near Ticonderoga. A sanguinary battle ensued, in which his superior officers were killed or wounded ; and upon him devolved the conduct of the retreat, which he effected with great skill and prudence. He was soon afterwards app. acapt. of rangers, and in 1758 participated in the attack on Ticonderoga under Gen. Aber- crombie. In the following spring he joined the army of Amherst, and was present at the reduction of Ticonderoga and Crown Point. A member of the com. of safety at the com- mencement of the Revol., on the news of Lex- ington battle he repaired at once to Cam- bridge, and was immediately chosen col. of the N.H. troops. At Bunker's Hill his men were stationed at the left of the line, behind a rail fence, and repeatedly repulsed the enemy with great loss, but, when the redoubt was carried, were compelled to retire. At the close of the northern campaign, in Dec. 1776, he joined Gen. Washington at Newton, com. the van- guard at Trenton, and was very active at the battle of Princeton ; having been overlooked in the promotions, he resigned his commission in Apr. 1777, and returned to his farm. On the advance of Burgoyne, the council of N.H. commissioned Stark to raise a force, and guard the frontier. Aug. 16, 1777, he attacked Col. Bauui in his intrenchment on the Wallooms- chaick, near Bennington, and defeated him. Scarcely was this action over, when a detach- ment underCol. Breyman, sent to succor Baum, arrived, which he also defeated with great loss. Congress passed a vote of thanks to him for this brilliant service, and made him a brig.-gen. Oct. 4, 1777, notwithstanding it had just before passed a vote of censure for his disobedience of the order of Gen. Lincoln to march to the west of the Hudson, — which step, if taken, would have left Burgoyne's rear unmolested. In Sept. he jomed Gates, and contributed to the successful issue of the campaign ; early in 1778 he com. the northern dept. at Albany ; in Oct. joined Gen. Gates in R.I. ; in May, 1780, he joined the army in Morristown, and was 8TA. 862 STE present at the battle of Springfield ; in the spring of 1781 he was again ordered to the com. of the northern dept. In 1818 Congress voted him a pension of 60 dollars a month. A Memoir of his Life, by his grandson, was pub. in 1860; also by E. Everett in Sparks's " Amer. Biographv." » Staughton, William, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1801), Pres. of Col. Coll., D.C., 1822-7, b. Coventrv, Eng., Jan. 4, 1770; d. Washing- ton, D.C., Dec. 12, 1829. A vol. of his poeti- cal effusions, pub. at the age of 17, indicated his talent, and induced his friends to educate him for the ministry at Bristol Acad. He commenced preaching in 1793 ; came to Charleston, S.C., in the autumn of that year, preaching successively in Georgetown, S.C, N.Y. City, Bordentown and Burlington, N.J., where he taught and preached for several years. He became connected with the First Baptist Church in Phila. in 1805, and thenceforth his popularity probably e.-iceeded that of any of his brethren in the U.S. In addition to his la- bors as a minister, he directed the theol. studies of young men preparing for the ministry. Chosen pres. of the Baptist Coll. and Theol. Inst, at Georgetown, Ky., but died on his way thither. His contributions in prose and verse to religious periodicals were numerous, and he pub. 5 or 6 sermons and orations. His Me- moirs, by Lynd, were pub. 12mo, Bost. 1834. Stearns, Asahel, LL.D. (H. U. 1825), prof of Uuv in H.U. 1817-29, b. Lunenburg, Ms., June 17, 1774; d. Cambridge, Feb. 5, 1839. H.U. 1797. He practised law at Chelms- ford many years; was M.C. in 1815-17; was a member of the American Acad, of Arts and Sciences ; and was several years county atty. for Middlesex. In 1824 he pub. a volume of Real Actions, and was subsequently one of the commissioners for revising the statutes of Ms., which was his last labor. Stearns, Charles, D.D. (H.U. 1810), b. Leominster, Ms., 1752; d. Lincoln, Ms., July 26, 1826. H.U. 1773. Ord. 1781. He pub. " The Ladies' Philosophy of Love," a poem, 1797; Dramatic Dialogues, 1798; "Principles of Religion and Morality," 1798; and 5 single sermons. — Spraijue. Stearns, George Luther, patriot and reformer, b. Medford, Ms., 8 Jan. 1809; d. New York, Apr. 9, 18G7. Brother of Asahel. Luther, his father, was a teacher of high repu- tation. He prospered in the ship-chandlery business, and subsequently in the manuf. of sheet and pipe lead ; doing business in Boston, and residing in Medford. Identifying him- self early with the antislavery cause, he be- came a Free-soiler in 1848; aided John Brown in Kansas, and stood by him unflinchingly until his death. Soon after the breaking-out of the Rebellion, Mr. Stearns advocated the enlistment of black men in the national cause, having previously labored assiduously in the emancipation movement. The 54th and 55th Ms. Regts., and the 5th Cav., were largely re- cruited through his instrumentality. In Pa., Md., and Tenn., being commissioned as major, through the recommendation of Sec. Stanton, he was of great service to the national cause by enlisting blacks in the volunteer army. He was the founder of the Commomoeatth and liliiht Wai/, newspapers for the dissemination of his ideas. Stearns, John, M.D. (1812), b. Wilbra- ham, Ms., 1770; d. N.Y. Citv, Mar. 18, 1848. Y.C. 1789. First pres. N.Y." Acad, of Medi- cine, 1846, and one of the founders of the Tract Society. Ho practised at Waterford, Albany, Saratoga, and finallv in N.Y. City; State senator in 1812; and pres. NY. Med. Society. He pub. a number of addresses. — See notice in Dr. Francis's Old New York. Stearns, Samcel, M.D., LL.D., astrono- mer, b. Ms. Author of ".Tour from London to Paris," 8vo, 1790; " American Oracle," 8vo, 1791; "American Herbal, or Materia Medi- ca," the first work of the kind in America. He began it in 1772; travelled in 9 American States, and in GreatBritain and France, — over 23,000 miles by land and sea. Edited Phila. Mm/. 1789. Dec. 20, 1782. Dr. S. made the calculations for the first nautical almanac pub. in America. Stearns, Samuel Horatio, minister of the Old South, Boston, from April 16, 1834, to his death, Paris, July 15, 1837; b. Bedford, Sept. 12, 1801. H.U. 1823. Son of Rev. Samuel of Bedford. A vol. of his discourses, with Memoir by his bro. W. A. Stearns, was pub. 1838. Stearns, William Ahgustds, D.D. (H.U. 1853), LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1862), son of Rev. Samuel, b. Bedford, Ms., 17 Mar. 1805. H.U. 1827. Pastor Cong. Church, Cam- bridgeport, Ms. Pres. of Amh. Coll. sines 1854. Author of a work on Infant Church- Membership ; " Life of Rev. S. H. S'tearns," 12mo, 1839; Discourses and Addresses, 8vo, 1855 ; and sermons and discourses. Stedingk, Curt BoGiSLAusr Louis Christopher, Count von, field-marshal of Sweden, b. at his fatllfer's castle of Pinnau, in Pomerania, Oct. 26, 1746 ; d. Stockholm, 1836. U. of Upsal, 1768. An ensign, at the age of 13 he accomp. his father in the war between Sweden and Prussia, and was present at the siege of Stralsund. Entering the French ser- vice in the Royal Rcgt. of Swedes, he rose to the rank of lieut.-col. At Versailles, where he remained on duty, he lived in intimate friend- ship with Count Fersen, another Swedish volunteer in the cause of Ame riea. Stedingk, commanding a brigade of inf., sailed in D'Es- taing's fleet in 1778. In his operations against the W. I. islands, Stedingk won high honor, especially in the attack upon Grenada ; in the a-^sault upon Savannah, Oct. 9, 1779, the rash- ness and impracticability of which he confi- dently predicted to D'Estaing, he led one of the two principal assaults, and, after planting the American flag on the last intrenchment, was compelled to retreat with the loss of nearly half his brigade of 900 men, and was himself wounded. After his return to France, the king made him col. of the Regt. of Alsace, and knight of the Protestant branch of the Order of St. Louis ; while the king of Sweden, in tokrn of his galLant behavior in America, made him a col. of dragoons and a knight of the Or- der of the Sword. He also received from Wash- ington the badge of Cincinnatus. Stedingk STE 863 left France in 1787; was a principal actor in the war which for a short period subsisted be- tween Sweden and Russia ; and was rewarded for his services with the embassy to St. Peters- burg in 1790, which he long retained. In 1814 he repaired to Paris in com. of the Swedish army, and ambassador of the Swedish king to sign the treaty of peace. Stedman, Charles, author of "The His- tory of the American War," 2 vols. 4to, Lond. 1794; d. London, 26 June, 1812. He served as a commissary under Howe, Clinton, and Cornwallis in the Amer. Rcvol. war, and at the time of his death was dep. compt. of the stamp- office. Lowndes says stedman's " History " was written by Wm. Thomson, LL.D. Stedman, Edmund Clarence, poet, b. Hartford, Ct., 1 Oct. 1833. Son of Edmund B., a merchant of H., by Elizabeth C. Dodge, now Mrs. Kinney, poet, and wife of Wm. B., editor Newark (N.J.) Adoertiser. One of his ancestors on his mother's side was Ri:v. Aa- ron Cleveland; bishop A. C. Coxe being her cousin. His lather died when he was 2 years old, and he was educated under the caro of a relative, entering Y.C. in 1849. He did not graduate, but in 1 870 received the hon. degree of A.M. He began journalism in his 20th year ; ed. the Winsted Herald, Litchfield Co., Ct. ; removed to N.Y. City (where he is now a memljer of the stock exchange) ; became con- nected with the Tribune, becoming generally known by his satirical poem contrib. to that journal, "The Diamond Wedding" (1859) ; and in 1861-3 was war-corresp. in Va. for the N.Y. World. Besides contribs. to the ^rfan^ic, Scrilmer's, the Galaxi/, &.C., he has pub. " Po- ems," 1860; "Battle of Bull Run," 1861; "Alice of Monmouth, an Idyl of the Great War, with Other Poems," 1864; "The Blame- less Prince," &c., 1869. Now (1871) engaged upon a translation of the Greek Sicilian poets. Stedman, Gen. Griffin A., b. Hartford, Ct. ; killed near Petersburg, Va., Aus. 6, 1864. Trin. Coll. Maj. Uth Ct. ; liout.-col. at An- tictani, and wounded ; com. the regt. at Fred- ericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg, and com. a brigade in the campaign of 18G4. He was fatally wounded in one of the skirmishes before Petersburg. Stedman, John Gabriel, b. Scotland, 1745; buried at St. Mary's Church, Bcckley, Devonshire, 1797. Author of "Narrative of Exped. against the Revolted Negroes of Suri- nam, 1772-7," London, 2 vols. 4to, 1796. Steedman, Charles, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Ch.arleston, S.C, Sept. 24, 1 8 1 1 . Midsliipm. Apr. 1, 1828; licut. Feb. 25, 1841 ; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. Sept. 13, 1862; comnio. July 25, 1866; rear-adm. 18 June, 1871. He com. a gun in naval battery at bombard, of Vera Cruz; com. brig " Dolphin," Paraguay exped., 1859-60; com. "The Bienville" at battle of Port Royal, S.C, Nov. 7, 1861; with " The Paul Jones," and other gunboats under his com., engaged Fort McAllister in Aug. 1862; Sept. 17, 1862, silenced the batteries of St. John's Bluff, St. John's River, Fla. ; Sept. 30 co-operated with Gen. Brannon in capture of same batteries; com. sloop-of-war "Ticondero- ga " in both attacks on Fort Fisher, and in European squad. 1856-7; commanding navy- yard, Boston, 1870-1. — Ihimersli/. Steedman, Gen. James Bai!rett, b. Nor- thumberland Co., Pa., July 30, 1818. In 1837 he went to Ohio as a contractor in the construction of the Wabash and Erie Canal ; in 1843 he was sent by the Democrats to the Ohio legisl. ; in 1849 he organized a company to cross the plains to California, gold-hunting; returning in 1850, he became in 1851 a mem- ber of the board of public works of Ohio. Dur- ing Mr. Buchanan's administration, he was printer to Congress. In 1861 he was col. 4th Ohio Vols. ; was ordered to Western Va. ; took f)art in the battle at Philippi, and subsequent- y joined Gen. Buell in Ky. ; app. brig.-gen. of vols. Jiily 17, 1862 ; disting. at Pcrryville; in July, 1863, com. the 1st div. reserve corps, Army of the Cumberland; and, for disting. ser- vices at Chickamauga, was made mnj.-gen. 24 Apr. 1864. He took an active part in Sher- man's Atlanta campaign; relieved the little garrison at Daltou, and defeated Wheeler's cavalry in June, 1864; joined Gen. Thomas when Sherman marched to the sea ; and was disting. in the battle of Nashville. Resigned July 19, 1866. Internal rev. collector at New Orleans under Pres. Johnson. — Eeid's Ohio in the War. Steele, Rev. Ashbel, b. Waterbury, Ct., 31 Jan. 1796. Presb. pastor in Washington, DC. Author of " Chief of the Pilgrims, or Life of Brewster," 8vo, 1857; " Geneal. of the Brewster Family." Contrib. to Spirit of Mis- siojis, Phila. Recorder, and Nat. Intelligencer. — Steele F am. Geneal. Steele, Gen. Frederic, b. Delhi, N.Y., 1821 ; d. San Mateo, Columbia Terr., Jan. 12, 1868. West Point, 1843. Entering the 2d Inf., he served during the Mexican war. For gallantry at Contreras and Chapultepec he was biev. 1st lieut. and capt. ; capt. 2d Inf. 5 Feb. 1855. He served in Mo. at the beginning of the civil war; was made major Uth Inf. May 14, 1861 ; and for his conduct at the battle of Wilson's Creek (Aug. 10, 1861) was made brig.- gen. of vols. Jan. 29, 1862; in Dec. 18G2 he com. at Helena, Ark., capturing Little Rock Sept. 10, 1863 ; maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862. He com. a division in the 15th army corps under Sherman, and took part in the battles of Chick- asaw Bayou, capture of Fort Hindman, and siege of Vicksburg, where he com. the 5th division of Grant's army; and com. the dept. of Ark. until the end of the war. He com. a column at the capture of Mobile 12 Apr. 1865. In 1865 he was transferred to Texas, and placed in com. on the Rio Grande. Lieiit.-col. 3d Inf. 26 Aug. 1863; col. 20th inf. July 28, 1866; brev. col. for Vicksburg ; brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for Little Rock, and maj.-gen. for services in the Rebellion. Steele, John, Revol. officer, b. Augusta Co., Va., ab. 1755; d. ab. 1805. He was an officer at the battle of Point Pleasant, Va., 10 Oct. 1774, and at the battle of Germantown was shot through the body. Many years one of the Va. executive council ; commiss. to treat with the Cherokces under John Adams's ad- ministration ; and sec. of Mpi. Terr. 1798-1801. Steele, Gen. John, Revol. officer, b. Lan- STE 864 cnster, Pa., 1753; d. 27 Feb. 1827. Capt. through the war; wounded at Brandywine, and present at Yorktown ; afterward State senator ; a commissioner to setdo the Wyoming troubles ; and loni; collector of the port of Phila. ; com. Washington's Life Guard in 1780; gen. of Pa. militia. Steele, ("iEN. Johs, b. Salisbury, N.C., Nov. 1, 1764; d. there Aug. 14, 1815. His mother Elizabeth was disting. among the patriotic " women of the Revol." John was a successful planter; from 1787 was frequently a mcnibcr of the h. of commons ; member of iho convention to adopt the Federal Constitu- tion in 17S8 ; M.C. 1790-3 ; was often sjieaker of the h. of commons ; was in 1806 a commiss. to adjust the boundaries between N. and S. Carolina; was a gen. of militia, and first compt. of the treasurv until 1802. Steele, John H., gov. N.H. 1844-6; b. N.C. 1 792 ; d. Peterborough, N.H., July .3, 1 865. Steen, Alexander E., brig.-gen. C.S.A., of St. Louis, Mu. ; killed at Prairie Grove, Ark., 7 Dec. 1862. Lieut. 12th U.S. luf 6 Mar. 1847; brev. for Contreras and Churu- busco ; disting. and wounded in the conflict with the Apaches 27 June, 1857. Steers, George, naval constructor, b. Washington, D.C., 1821; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., 25 Sept. 1 856. Among many of his bean tiful ly- modelled vessels, the most celebrated were the yacht " America," and the steamships " Adriatic " and " Niagara." Steinwehr, Gen. Adolph Wilhelm Friedrich, baron von, b. Blankenberg, duchy of Brunswick, Sept. 25, 1822. His father was a major, his grandfather a lieut.-gen., in the Prussian service. He was educated at the Military Acad, of Brunswick; became alieut. in 1841 ; resigned in 1847, and came to the U.S. to offer his services to the govt, in the Mexican war; but, failing to obtain a commiss. in the regular army, returned to Germany after marrying in .Mobile. In 1854 he came again to ilie U.S., and bought a farm near Walling- ford, Ct. He raised the 29th N.Y. Regt., which he com. in the first battle of Bull Run. Made 1. vols. Oct. 12, 1861, and app. to the ide of Blenker's division. When Sigel with Confed. rams. May 10, 18G2 ; besides some minor affairs from Aug. 1861 to May, 1862, and wounded May 10 ; com. steam-sloop " Ca- nandaigua," European squad., 1866-7. — Ham- ersi;/. Stephen, Gen. Ad.am; d. Va. Nov. 1791. He had been a meritorious Va. officer in the colonial wars; was a capt. in the Ohio e.xpcd. of 1754; served with distinction under Brad- dock ; afterwards com. Fort Cumberland with the rank of licnt.-eol. ; and, on his return from an exped. to S.C. against the Creek Indians, he was placed at the head of the troops for tlie defence of the Va. frontier, and was made a brig.-gen. When the Revol. commenced, Col. Stephen was app. to one of the Va. regts. ; was made a brig.-gen. in the Cont. service, Sept. 4, 1776, and a maj.-gen. Feb. 19, 1777; .and behaved well at the Brandywine. Yieliling to a bad habit, he fell into disgrace at German- town ; was found guilty of being intoxicated, and was dismissed from the army 1778. Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, statesman, b. Taliaferro Co., Ga., Feb. 11, 1812. ^Franklin Coll. 1832. Left an orphan, he was indebted to his friends for the means of education. Adm. to practise law in 1S34, and soon acquired extensive practice at Crawfonls- ville. After rep,aying his friends, his first earn- ings were devoted to redeeming from the hands of strangers the home of his childhood, upon which he still resides. In 1836-41 he was a member of the State legisl. ; in 1839 he was a delegate to the Charleston commercial conven- elected to the State ing senate; and was M.C. in 1843-.'J9, many and 2d 1 :d com. of the corjjs after the organiza- tion of the Army of Va., Steinwehr was pro- moted to com. the 2d division, llth corps, and particiijatcd in the camjiaign on the Rapidan and Rappahannock in August and in Dec; in the battle of Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863, and the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Stellwagen, Henrt S., capt. U. S. N., b. Pa.; d. Cape Island, N. J., July 16, 1866. Midshipm. Apr. 1,1828; lieut. Jnly 2, 1840; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. Aug. '29, 1862; com. steamer " Connecticut," 1862; " Merci- dita," 1863. Stembel, Roger N., comrao. U. S. N., b. Middletown, Mil., Dec. 27, 1810. Midshipm. Mar. 27, 1832; lieiit. Oct. 26, 1843 ; com. July 1, 1861; capt. July 2.^, 1 S66 ; commo. 1870; com. N. Pacific .vjuad. 1871 ; attached to coast- survey 1844-7 ; to Mpi. flotilla; and in action at Lucas's Bend, Sept. 9, 1861 ; Belmont, Nov. 7, 1861 ; Fort Henry, Feb. 6, 1862; Island No. 10, Mar. 16 to Apr. 7, 1862 ; near Fort Pillow speeches; chairman of the ecin . ; I- 1 :^. He favored the annexation 01 I porter of Mr. Clay for the iiir-;. I-!" . m i-ii; opposed the Clayton Compromise m 1S4S; took a leading part in effecting the compromises of 1850; and was an active supporter of the Kansas and Nebraska Act of 1854. After the breaking-up of the Whig party, he joined the Democrats, and w.as a prominent supporter of Buchanan's administration. He advocated the election of Douglas to the presidency in 1860, and in numerous pnblic addresses de- nounced those who advocated a dissolution of the Union, and in the State convention vigor- ously opposed the secession of Georgia. He was elected provisional vice-pres. of the Con- federate States 9 Feb. 1861, aiid permanent vice-pres. in Nov. In a speech at Richmond, Va., Apr. 22, 1861, he justified the secession movement, and pronounced slavery the corner- stone of the new govt. He was for some time a prisoner of state in Fort Warren, but was released II Oct. 1865. He has pub. " History of the War between the States," 2 vols. 8vo, 1868 ; " Constitution.!] View of the Late War," 2 vols. 8vo; Letters and Speeches, 8vo, 1867, ed. by Henry Cleveland. Stephens, Mrs. Ann Sophia (Winter- \,. botham), authoress, h. Derby, Ct., 1813., She d- -^^'^ m. in 1832, and removed to PortlandrMe., wherein 1835 she commenced and continued ',' ' ' for some time the Por(to)irf .l/a^ojinc. In 1836 . she edited " The Portland Sketch-Book." She H' , in 1837 removed to N.Y. City, where she has STE 865 STE since resided, and actively contributed to the magazines. " Mary Devwent," a tale, won her a prize of S400, and gave her popularity as a magazine-writer. Her most elaborate work is the novel of "Fashion and Famine" (1854), a story of ihe contrasts of city life. It is of the intense school, but contains excellent de- scriptions and delineations of character. She has also pub. " The Heiress of Greenhurst," " The Old Homestead," and two books on needlework, and has also written much in verse. She edited the Lmlies' Com/ianion 4 years, and in 1842 w:i~ i m . .;,:.:■ i ' ''fhains Mayazine, to whicii slir ... ,_ , iibntor; also editor of the / / I III 1856 she started the ///i(,. .,,- ■■h.r :::il!:|.riT iu battle ui I . ,(,,:.,, \ ' ' I ■, I - r '.:vv. lieut. -fiil ■■...,:.■. I ' , i,.iil- tepec," >'-y\ l.;. i - i .' ':i ■ ■■■'!'' M n. Ii ,■!, 1855 ; com. and ,':• , , _ ,■,.,' ■ , i In- dians at the Casca-i .\\ , ■ : , I ': \i,r. 27 and 28, 1856 ; h . . ^ : ■ , I ,;rd Nov. I, 1861. A\<\< .: iV (,1 llih \\ :r I :.4, butdeclined. — C'h//"'™. Sterrett, Andrew, capt. U.S.N. ; d. Lima, 9 Jan. 1807. App. lieut. U.S.N. 25 Mar. 1798 ; dist. in action between " Jhe Constella- tion " and " LTnsurgente," 9 Feb. 1799 ; and 1st lieut. iu the action with "La Vengeance," another French frigate. While in com. of " The Enterprise," he captured " L'Ami de la Patrie." Resigned 29 June, 1805. Steuben, Frederick William Augus- tus, baron, maj.-gen. Revol. army, b. Magde- burg, Prussia, 15 Nov. 1730; d. Steubenville, N.Y., 28 Nov. 1794. Educated at Neissc and Breslau. At 14 he was a volunteer under his father, an officer of Frederick the Great, at the siege of Prague ; disting. at Prague and Ross- bach in 1757; made adj.-gen. in 1758, and wounded at Kunnersdorf ; made prisoner in 1761, and sent to St. Petersburg, but w.as soon released; in 1762 app. adj.-gen. on the king's Stat)" ; was one of the young officers under the special instruction of Frederick, and after the siege of Schneidnitz, in which he took part, re- ceived from the king a valuable lay benefice. After the seven-years' war, he retired from the army, and travelled with the prince of Hohen- zollern Heckingen, who in 1764 app. him grand marshal and gen. of his guard, and made him a knight of the order of " Fidelity." Leaving these offices, and an income of $3,000 a year, at the suggestion of Count St. Germain he of- fered, his services to the Americans, and an-ived at Portsmouth, N.H., in Nov. 1777. Joining the army at Valley Forge, he was app. insp.- gcn. (.rank of maj.-gen.) 29 Mar. 1778; was a vol. in the battle of Monmouth in June ; per- formed important services ; prepared a manual of instruction, for the army, which was ap- proved, by Congress in 1779'; and introduccil the most thorough disciph'ne, a change of which the army stood greatly in need, and which contributed largely to its ultimate suc- cess. In 1780 he com. 'in Va., and finally in the trenches at Yorktown. He frequently shared his last dollar with the suffering sol- diers, as he often did his clothing and camp- eciuipments also. At the dose of the war, the btate of N. J. g.avc him a small farm ; the legist, of N.Y. gave him 16,000 acres of wild land in Oneida Co. ; .ind the gort. granted him an annuity of S2,500. He erected a log- STE house at Stcubenville ; gave a tenth part of his land to his aides — North, Popham, and Walk- er — and his servants, and parcelled out the rest to 20 or 30 tenants. A man of great kind- ness and generosity, always cheerful, of ready wit, aiul higlily-polished manners. His Life by F. Kapp was pnlj. N.Y., 1860; and by F. Bowcn, Sparks's " Amcr. BioLiraphy." Steuben, Bakon Von, b. Prussia; killed at Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864. He was a Prussian oiUcer ; came to the U.S., and joined the 52 N.Y. Vols.; and was a brave and elK- cient officer. Stevens, Aaron F., M.C. 1867-9, b.Der- ry, N.H., 9 Aug. 1819. Educated at Pinker- ton Acad. Came to the b,ar in 1 845, and set- tled in Nashua; member State Icgisl. 1849 ct scfj. ; State solicitor 5 years. Major 1st N.H. Vols. 1861; col. 1862; served through the war ; wounded at Fort Harrison, Va., in 1864; and brev. brigadier-general. Stevens, Abel, LL.D., Meth. clergyman, b. Phila. Jan. 19, 1815. He studied at the Wesl. U., Middletown, Ct. Settled as pastor in Boston in 1834; in 1837 travelled in Eu- rope; until 1840 was stationed in Providence ; removed to Boston in 1840, editing 2i'o«'s Her- ald; wont to New York in 1852, and edited the National Mag.; and in 1856 edited the Chris- tian Advocate and Journal. Dr. S. has pub. " Memorials of the Introduction of Methodism into the U. S. ; " " Progress of Methodism in the Eastern States;" "Church Polity; " "The Preaching required by the Times ; " " Sketches and Incidents, a Budget from the Saddle-Bags of an Itinerant;" "The Great Kelbrm;" " History of the Religious Movement of the Eighteenth Century, called Methodism ; " " His- tory of the Methodist Church in America," 4 vols. 1864-7; "Centenary of Amer. Method- ism," &c., 1866; "Women of Methodism," &c., 1866. Stevens, Alexander IIodgdon, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1811), LL.D. (N.Y. State U.),prof. of surgery, son of Gen. Ebcnezer of the Revol. army, b. N.Y. 1789 ; d. N.Y'. City, March 30, 1869. Y.C. 1 807. His mother, a sister of Col. Ledyard, was aunt to the famous traveller, John, He studied in Lond. and Paris in 1812, and then began practice in N.Y. City. Fellow ofthe Coll.ofPhys. and Surgeons 1813; prof, of surgery in Queen's (now Rutgers) Coll. 1814-lfi; app. visiting surgeon N.Y. Hospital in 1817; prof, of surgery Coll. of Phys. and Surgs. 1826-37,. of clinical surgery 1838-9; again prof, of surgery 1840-4 ; pres. of the coll. 1843-55 ; and emeijtus prof, of clinical surgery from 1S44. Prca. of the State Med. Soc, and in 1848 of the Araer. Med. Assoc. He pub. "Inflammation;" 1811; "Fungus of the Eye," 1818; "Clinical Lecture. on Injuries," 1837; on "Lithotomy," 1838; "Medical Education," 1849. Edited Cooper's " First Lines of Sur- gery, 822, 2 ' . 8vo.' ■ Ohit. Record Y.C. Stevens, Gen. Ebenezeu, Revol. officer, b. Boston, 1752 ; d. 2 Sept. 1823. He was oao of the famous " Tea Party" of Boston in Dec, 1773; .soon afterward removed to R.I. ; com- missioned a Geut. 8 May, 1775; raised two companies of art. and one' of artificers for the expcd. against Quebec.; apj- niaj. 9 Nov. 1776 ; com. the art. at Ticonderoga and at the battle of Stillwater; app. lieut.-col. 30 April, 1778, and soon after assigned to Col. Lamb's regt. ; was with Lafayette in Va., aud at Yorktown was in alternate com. of the art. with Lamb and Carrington. After the war, he was many years a leading merchant in New York. Be- came a raaj.-gen. of militia, and during the war of 1812 served in defence of N. Y. City. Samuel his son, a disting. member of the N.Y. bar, d. N.Y. 24 Nov. 1844, a 60. Stevens, Edward, brig.-gen. Revol. ar- my , b. Culpeper Co., Va., 1 745 ; d. at his seat there Aug. 17, 1820. At the commencement ofthe war, he com. with distinction a battalion of riflemen at the battle of Great Bridge, near Norfolk, Va. ; he was soon ,iftcr made col. of the 10th Va. Regt., with which li..- j.iin, ,1 Wash- ington ; and at the liattle of Bran.lvwiiie (Sept. II, 1777), by his gallant exertions .^aved a part of the army from capture, checki-d the enemy, and secured the retreat; he also disting. himself at Germantoivn, and, being made a l^rig.-gen. of Va. militia, fought at Camden, also at Guil- ford Court House, where his skilful disposi- tions were extremely serviceable to the army, and where, though severely wounded in the thigh, he brought off his troops in good order. Gen. Greene be'Stowed on him marked com- mendation. At Yorktown he performed im- portant duties ; and all through the war pos- sessed a large share of the respect and confi- dence of Washington. Member of the State senate from the foundation of thi State const, until 1790. — Rorjers. Stevens, George M., brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. Md.; killed near Atlanta, Ga., 20 July, 1864. Stevens, Henry, bibliographer, son of Henry (1791-1867, first pres. of the Vt. Hist. Soc), b. Stevensville, Vt., Aug. 24, 1819. Y.C. 1843. Since 1845 he has resided in London, engaged in collecting rare and valuable books, adding to the collection of Amcr. books in the British Museum, and enriching Amer. libraries. He has pub, " Historical Nuggets ; " " Rare Books relating to America," 2 vols. 1862; " Catalogue of Amer. Books in the Brit. Mu- seum," 8vo, 1859; "HisL and Geographical Notes on the Earliest Discoveries in America," 1869; and many cataloguesof private libraries. lie has also made indc.xes^of historical papers for several of the States, compiled from the records in the English Stsite-papcr office.— Allibone. Stevens, Gen. Isaac Ingalxs, b, Ando- ver, Ms., 25 Mar. 1818; killed in. battlcofChan- tilly, Va., 6 Sept. 18G2. Wcst.Point, 1 839 (first in liis class). Entering the engrs., he was made 1st lieut. 1840; adj. :i,n 1847-8; attached to Scott's staff in Mexico, and brev. capt. and maj. for Contreras, Churubusco, and Chapul- tepec ; and was severely wounded in the attack of the San Cosme Gate of the capital, and pro- nounced by his general the most promising ~.t,i- cer of his age. Attached to the coast-survey at Washington. On the accession of Pierce, his personal friend, to the presidency, he resigned, and was made gov. of Washington Terr., and placed in charge of the survey of the route for the North Pacific R.R., a narrative of which he pub. He deterinjned the feasibility of the route 867 for a railroad, established the practicability of navigating the Upper Mo. and Columbia Riv- ers by steam, and negotiated several treaties with the Indians. He also suppressed an In- dian war, and resigned in Aug. 1857. He was wounded in a rencounter with Chief Justice Lan- der, and his action was disapproved by the govt. M.C. for Wash. Terr. 1857-61 ; member Nat. Democ. conventions at Charleston and Balti- more ; supported the nomination of Brecken- ridge for the presidency ; aud was chairman of the Breck. exec, committee, but, when secession became imminent, strongly advised the pres. to dismiss secretaries Floyd and Thompson. Made col. 79th N.Y. Highlanders, 30 July, 1861; brig.-gen. vols. 28 Sept. 1861 ; maj.-gen. 4 July, 1862. He com. under Sherman in the Port-Royal exped. ; attacked, and with the aid of gunboats carried, the Confed. batteries on the Coosaw in Jan. 1862; com. the principal column in the unsuccessful attack on Seces- sionville, S.C, 16 June,1862; was subsequently attached to Gen. Pope's command ; had charge of a division in the series of battles fought by that general in Va. ; fought gallantly at the second Bull-run battle ; and foil while bearing aloft the colors of one of his rcgts., cheering it on. lie pub. in 1851 " Campaigns of the Rio Grande and Mexico, with Remarks on the Recent Work of Major Ripley." Stevens, John, inventor, b. New York, 1749; d. Hoboken, N.J., 18-38. In 1787 he became interested in steamboats from seeing that of John Fitch, and experimented for near 30 years. In 17S9 he petitioned the N.Y. legisl. for a grant of the exclusive navigation of the waters of that State, without success. In 1804 he built a propeller, a small open boat worked by steam, with such success, that he built the steamboat " Phoenix," completed soon after " The Clermont " was finished by Ful- ton. The latter having the exclusive right for Hudson River, Mr. S. placed his boats on the Delaware and Connecticut. In 1812 he pub. a remarkable pamphlet, urging the govt, to make experiments in railways ti-avcrsed by Bteam-carriagcs ; and if feasible, proposed the construction of such a railway fiom Albany to Lake Erie. Stevens, Capt. Phineas, b. Sudbury, Ms.; d. Charlcstown, N.H., 1756. His father moved to Rutland, N.H., whence, at the age of 16, he was carried prisoner to Canada. In 1746 he volunteered in an exped. against Can- ada ; was afterwards ordered to the frontiers ; and at "Number 4 "made a gallant defence against the French and Indians in March, 1747. For his bravery on this occasion he was pre- sented with a valuable sword by Commodore Knowles, and continued in com. of the fort until 1750. Sent to Canada by Gov. Shirley in 1749, he left a journal of his visit printed in N.H. Hist. Colls., V. 199. — O'CW/ar/Ln. Stevens, Robekt Livingston, inventor, b. Hoboken, N.J., 1788; d. there 20 Apr. 1856. Son of John the inventor. The son at the age of 20 built a steamboat with con- cave water-lines, the first application of the wave-line to ship-building ; adopted a new method of bracing and fastening steamboats ; in 1818 discovered the utility of employing skeleton wrought-iron for the heavy cast-iron walking-beam; in 1824 applied artificial blast to the boiler-furnace, and in 1 827 the hog-frame to boats to prevent them from bending at the centre. He also invented the T-rail. ' About 1816 he commenced steam ferriage between N.Y. City and the Jersey shore. A projector of the Camden and Amboy Railroad, and many years pres. of the company. About 1815 invented an improved bomb for the naval ser- vice ; commissioned by govt, in 1 842 to build an immense steam-battery for the defence of N.Y. harbor, left unfinished at the time of his death. Stevens, Thaddeus, political leader, b. Peacham, Vt., Apr. 4, 1793; d. Washington, D.C., Aug. 11,1868. Dartm. Coll. 1814. His parents were poor. He was sickly and lame ; but his mother toiled with all her strength to secure for him an education. He was ambi- tious, and turned his scanty opportunities to such good account, that he succeeded in quali- fying himself for college. Immediately after leaving Dartmouth, he moved to York, Pa., where he taught school. Studied law ; was adm. to the bar in 1816; and was for many veara an eminent practitioner in Gettysburg. In 1828 he entered the political arena," taking sides with the Adams party, and becoming an active Whig. He was several years in the legisl. between 1833 and '41 ; in 1837 he was a member of the State Const. Conv., taking an active part in all important debates, but, being hostile to slavery, refiised to sign the constitution because it restricted sufl'rage on account of color. After the adoption of the constitution, he was a leading spirit in one of the two legislatures in session at the same time ; but they finally coalesced without violence. Canal commiss. in 1838. In 1342 he removed to Lancaster, took a front rank at the bar, and was devoted to his profession until 1848, when he was elected to Congress, and ardently op- posed the repeal of the Mo. Compromise, the fugitive-slave law, and the Kansas-Nebraska bill. He was again in Congress from 1859 to his death, and was a recognized leader. Dur- ing 3 sessions he was chairman of the impor- tant com. of ways and means, and was chair- man of the com. on reconstruction of the 39th and 40th Congresses. He was also chairman of the board of managers in the impeachment of President Johnson ; member of the Balti- more convention in 1864. Thoroughly radical in Ids views, hating slavery with all the intensi- ty of his nature, believing it just, right, and ex- pedient not only to emancipate, but to arm, the negro, and make him a soldier, and, after the war, to make him a citizen and give him the ballot, he led oft' in all measures tor eifect- ing these ends. The Emancipation Proclamar tion was urged upon the Pres. by him on all grounds of right, justice, and expediency; the 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ini- tiated and pressed by him. He advocated and carried, during the war, acts of confiscation, and proposed the most rigid and stern measures against the instigators and promoters of the Rebellion to the last day of his lil'e. STE Stevens, Capt. Thomas Holdup, U.S.N., b. Charleston, S.C, 1793; d. Washington, D.C., Jan. 22, 1841. While an inmate and pupil of the orjAan asylum in Chai-kston, Gcu. Stevens of that city bucame interested in him, procured him a midsbiimian's warrant in IS08,andinlsl5 he added by legisl. enactment the name of Stevens to tliat of Holdup. Lieut. July 24, 1813; master com. Mar. 3, 1825; capt. Jan. 27, 1836. In 1812 ho volunteered for lake service. In Dec. he accorap. a party who stormed a battery at Black Rock in the night, in which ho received a canister-shot through the right hand, impairing its use for life. In Apr. 1813 he took charge of fitting, and ri;;ging the squadron at Erie. In the ac- tion of Sept. 10 ho com. the sloop " Trippc," fought bravely against the rear of the enemy's line, and, in the pursuit which followed, aid' d in conquering and bringing back two of the enemy's vessels. In the summer of 1814 ha was 1st lieut. of " The Niagara," and subse- quently com. dill'erent vessels. He was chiv- alrous, generous, and heroic, and possessed considerable lit rary talent. Stevens, Tuomas H., capt. U.S.N., b. Ct., May 27, 1819. Son of «he preceding. Midfihipn,. Dec. 14, l.v.'.G; lieut. May 10, 1849; com..Ii! tanza in bar capture of C" steamer " Sun ironclad "Pat; Wagner (Aug and batteries (Ar 1806. Com. Port Royal, Its in Florida nner " Marar ^I '. 7. 1862; com. i I .■1(;_'; :r llM M! Mi, I, Fort .-G;3), with Fort Jloultrie U and Sept. 7 and 8); com. boat-assault on Fort Sumter, night of Sept. 8, 18G3; com. "Oneida" in operations before Mobile ; and in battle of Mobile Bay, and capture of Confed. fleet (Aug. 5, 1864') and capture of Fort Morgan, com. monitor " Win- nebago." The gallantly, coolness, and conchict of this officer have won for him the highest en- comiums. — Vomers/,/. Stevens, Gen. Walter H., b. New York ab. 1827 ; d. Ibervill^v Ln.. Dec. 1867. West Point, 1848. 1 n. -in 1 njineers, he be- came 1st lieut. 1 :n:l was dism. 2 May, 1861; ua i : Oen. Bragg as 1. ui li:iu.-gen. ; andsur- eng.officer,hadi;iLi.ii.: rendered at Appomatt jx C. 11. Apr. 9, 1865. Chief engr. of the railroad from A''ei-a Cniz to Mexico for some time before his death. Stevens, William Bacox, D.D., M.D. (Oartm. Coll. 1S38), LL.D., consec. bishop of Pa., Jan. 2, 1S62, b. Bath, Me., 1815. Ord. deacon and priest Prot.-Ep. Church 1 844 ; and prof belles-lettres and moral philos. U. of Ga. ; rector of St. Andrew's, Phila., 1843-62; prof. of liturgies in Epis. Divinity School, Phila., 1862. He has pub. " Discourse before the Ga. Hist. Society," Feb. 12, 1841; "History of Georgia to 1797," 2 vols. 8vo, 1847-59 ; " Para- bles of the N. Test.," 1855 ; " Consolation ; " " Home Ser\-ice ; " " The Lord's Day ; " " The Past and Present of St. Andrew's," 1858 ; and sermons. He edited the " Ga. Hist. Colls.," vols. i. and ii., and pub. many tracts and papers in periodicals. — All Hone. Stevenson, Andrew, statesman, b. Cul- peper Co., Va., 1784; d. Blenheim, Albemarle Co., Va., June 25, 1857. Prominent at the bar. In 1 804 he became a member of the Va. Icgisl., and afterwards speaker; M.C. in 1821- 34, and in 1827-34 was speaker; minister to Eng. in 1836-41 ; he devoted himself, on his re- turn, chiefly to agricultural pursuits and to the interests of the Va. University, of which institu- tion he was a rector at the time of his death. Stevenson, John W., statesman, son of Andrew, b. Richmond, Va., ab. 1819. U. of Va. He settled at Covington, Ky., in 1841 ; practised law with success ; in the Ky. legisl. in 1845-7 ; a leader in the State Const. Conv. in 1 849 ; member of the Democ. Nat. Conv. of 1848, '52, and '56; M.C. 1857-61; acting gov. of Ky. 1867-8; gov. 1868-72; one of the com- missioners to revise the code of Kentucky. Stevenson, Gen. Thomas G., b. Boston, 1836 ; killed near Spottsylvania, Va., May 10, 1864. Son of Hon. J. Thomas. Early evinced a taste for military life, and was major 4th batt. Ms. Inf. when the Rebellion began. Ho had a high reputation as a driU-master, and trained a large number of young men since honoi-ably disting. in the field. He raised the 24th Regt., participating as its col. in the capture of Roanoke Island and Newbem ; suc- cessfully defended Washington, N.C., against superior forces of the enemy ; led a brigade in the movements on Kinston ; brig.-gen. Dec. 27,1 862 ; and in the following summer aided in the reduction of Morris Island and in the assaidt on Fort Wagner. He was in com. of the 1st div. 9th corps when he fell. Stewart, Alexander, a British gen. ; d. Feb. 1793. App. capt. 37th Foot 29 June, 1761 ; maj, Aug. 1771 ; lieut.-col. 3d (Bufis) 7 July, 1775 ; col. 16 May, 1782 ; maj.-gen. 23 Apr. 1790. In Jlay, 1781, he succeeded to the com. of the British forces in S.C, and Sept. 8, 1781, fought at Eutaw, against Greene, the last battle of the Amer. Revol., which resulted in his retreat to Charleston. Stewart, Aj kxander T., a leading mer- chant of New York, of Scotch-Irish parentage, b. rie;irr.elf;i>t. Inland, ab. 1803. Educated at Tii'i t> ill. iiii. Came to N.Y. City in I'-- rl for a brief period ; then c.-;iil .: i .1 .;il dry-goods store on Broad- way, VA I- lo li^aected his large marble Struc- ture (ou Chambers St. and Broadway), and has acquired great wealth by industry, enterprise, and sagacity. Nominated sec. of the U.S. treasury by Pres. Grant in Mar. 1869, but found ineligible by the U.S. senate. In 1847, during the Irish famine, Mr. Stewart chartered a ship, which ho filled with provisions, and sent as fi e'i't to Iv'i-m.l. A strenuous upholder oft' 1 ' 1 1 '' p :: the Rebellion, and strong- ly i , ill' Repub. party. He was (ill 'I ; ' ,\: , .. n ]ircsentatives at the Paris Stewart, Charles, rear-admiral U.S.N., b. of Irish parents, Phila., July 18, 1778; d. Bordentown, N. J., Nov. 7, 1869. At the age of 13 ho entered the merchant-service, in which he rose from the situation of cabin-boy to the com. of an Indiaman. March 9, 1798, he ;ioncd a lieut. in the navy; in SXE 869 STI July, 1800, was app. to the com. of the schoon- er " Experiment," and cruised in the West Indies, where ho rendered efficient service; Sept. 1 he captured the French scliooner " Deux Amis" (of 8 guns), and soon after " The Di- ana" (of 14 guns), besides recapturing a num- ber of American vessels which had been taken by French privateers. In lSO:i. as tirst officer, he joined the frigate " ( mi,:, ;, m .n, wliich had been ordered to the M i ,, , lilmk- ade Tripoli ; and on his IT I um-'s in tlli> \.-- I h- " i- > 'i: . i I,, llir .'Xlu'd. sent t.. ' i .. !1iil;Hlrl|,hia" (Feb.l-, t ■■: ■ : ^ , . ': M, ih. I.icck- adcaiul ~i>jr .,; 'I i ijnli I ,, l,i ■r\ i, <■, in ilio bombardiiu'iit of Aug. :■. I -' i ■ ,1 i li- thanks of Com. Prehli' in i., i i ii ,|, Promoted to be master i-iM ^i :, i > I h 1. was placed in com. of ih i, ! which joined the squadiMM I !i, i:, ,r, ; subsequently took com. Hi i' ' in, tion;" Apr. 22, 1806, Im \', i : , , , was employed in superiiit. nil ,; t':,, i,,ii Mm- tion of gunboats at New Yurk ; 'n\ Die-. 1S12 Capt. Stewart was again app. to " The Con- stellation," and proceeded to Hampton Roads, where ho assisted in defending Norfolk and Craney Island from the attacks of the enemy ; in Dec. 1813 he sailed in com. of frigate "Constitution," in which, in Feb. 1815, he fell in with the British ships .of war, " The Cyane " of .34, and " The Levant " of 21 guns, aiid capturcid them after a sharp conflict of 40 minutes. "The levant" was subsequently retaken by a British squadron ; but " The Constitution " escaped with her other prize to St. Jago. On his return to America he was received with the hiichest honors. The legisl. fle;ct. Ua h.„ Kuira l.uaK, h, v. .u iu,.l by a court-martial, but was honorably acquitted. Member of the board of navj- commiss. 1 8.30- 3, and in 1837 succeeded Barron in com. of the nary-yard at Phila. In 1857 he was placed on the reserved list on account of his advanced ase; but iii Maich, 1859, he was replaced on the active list by special legislation ; July 16, 1862, lie ^vn- iii-i'<'n a roar-adm. on the retired list. I! r " I I iniiiortant service in the organ i, I n : n ,, and submitted to the dept. 11 ' , , n. I jicrs on the subject. A Memoir ..I .SKrt ,ai u.i, pub. Phila., 8vo, 1836. Stewart, Col. Charles, Revol. officer; d. N.J. 24 July, 1800. He was an active and influential soldier and patriot. Member of the first N.J. conv. that issued a dccl. of rights against the aggressions of the crown ; member of its first Prov. Congress ; col. of its first regt. of minnte-men ; col. -of its 2d regt. of the line ; and from 1776 to the close of the war was commis.-gen. of issues. Stewart, Charles James, D. D. (Oxf. 1817), Prot.-Ep. bishop of Quebec from Jan. 1, 1826, to his d. Lond., July 13. 1837, b. April 13,1775. Sonof theEavlof Gallowav. M.A. of Oxford U. 1799. Rector ol Orton. near Peterborough, 8 years ; app. to the mission of St. Armand, in the Eastern Townships, C.E. ; ia 1819 app. visltin;; missionary to the diocese of Quebec. Author of " Short View of Eastern Townships in L.C.," 8vo, 1817. — See Life bj ll(V. J. N. Norton, 1859. Stewart, Charles Samuel, D.D. (U. of N.Y. 1863), clergvman, b. Flemington, N. J., 1795; d. Cooperstown, N.Y., 14 Dec. 1870. N.J. Coll. 1815. Grandson of Col. Charles, and son of Samuel Robert, counsellor-at-law. He studied law at Litchfield ; then studied at Princeton Theol. Seal. ; and was onl. an evan- gelist and missionary id ilm ,SiiiiihMrli Islands in 1822. An account <■■ In- i i i m r in the Sandwich Islands in Im : > \',.i- | nSi. Ky him In l,S-J8. Ketarnin- ii ■■ in I ~i?r,, Im traVelled iin.j pi, I. ||,,,| r-("iin\, ', 111 the Northern :- : , , n I ,■,,!,- i,i missions. App. II I - - n ~ I -js, the result of 'i I , I, I ■ ' i-it to the South ,"■ - , I 1 - n II ji ,,i- 1 :;| . He also pub. : : . Ill, I I , i: n I ■ - , I -:,e,; and 2 vols. \ I ,, I I ' ,,ii_n I n 1 1, 1. Scotland, and 1 I ! n I i ■ ' 1 1, li -I ill.' chaplaincy of thr III II N \v York, where ho edited tlm .\ 1/ ,. in 1836-7. His wife, Han i; 1,1 lirtiiny) (b. Stamford, Ct., Jnnn Ji 17'is; 111. .Tnne' 3, 1822), embarked for the Sandwich Islands with her husband and other missionaries, Nov. 19, 1822, d. Sept. 1830. His son Charles S. graduated at West Point (first in class) 1846, and is now a lleut.-col. in the corps of engrs. Stewart, Major Johs, Revol. officer, b. Ireland ; killed by a fall from his horse near Charleston, S.C. Bro.-in-law of Gen. Wayne, and for his gallantry in the storming of Stony Point was awarded a gold medal by Congress. He com. a corps of light inf, and 31 Aug., 1778, had a severe engagement at Indian Field with Col. Emmenck's' command of Tories and Indians. A John Stewart was com. lieut.-col. IstMd. Regt. 10 Feb. 1781. Stewart, or Stuart, Gen. Philip, Revol. officer, b. Va. 1760; d. WashlnL'ton, D.C., 14 Aug. 1830. He was an officer of Baylor's Dragoons, and was disting. in Col. Washing- ton's cavalry at Eutaw, where he led the for- lorn-hope, and fell covered with wounds. M.C. from Md. 1811-19. Stewart, Robert M., gov. Mo. 1857-61, b. Truxton, Cortland Co., N. Y., 12 March, 1815; d. St. Joseph, Mo., 21 Sept. 1871. When a boy, he emig. to Ivy., and in 1838 to Mo., settling in Buchanan" Co. He was 10 years a member of the State senate, and a mem- ber of the State Const. Conv. of 1845. Enter- ing the Union army in 1861, ill-health pre- vented him from remaining in the service. An efficient promoter of railroads. Stewart, Gen. Walter, Revol. officer, b. Ireland. Aide-de-camp to Gen. Gates, and col. 13th Regt. (Pa.) in 1777, and honorably disting. him.seif in the service. He was one of the handsomest men of his day, and m., 11 April, 1781, Deborah, dan. of Blair McClen- achan. He enjoyed the esteem and friendship of Washington, and, after the war, resided in Philadelphia. Stiles, Ezra, D.D. (Edinb. 1765), LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1784), clergyman and scholar, b. 870 North Haven, Ct., Dec. 15, 1727; d. New H;iven, May 12, 1795. Y.C. 1746 ; tutor 1749- 55. His grandfather was brought an infant to N.E. in 1634. His father Isaac was minister of North Haven. Ezra was licensed, and preached his first sermon in June, 1749. Dr. Franklin having sent an electrical apparatus to Yale, Mr. Stiles, with one of his fellow-tutors, entered zealously upon this now field of science, and performed the first electrical experiments ever made in Now England. In Apr. 1750 he preached to the Stockbridge Indians. Ill- health and religious doubts caused him to begin the study of law in 1752. He was adm. to the bar in 1753, and practised at N. Haven 2 years. In Feb. 1755 he pronounced a Latin oration in honor of Dr. Franklin on occasion of his visiting New Haven, and was on intimate terms with him till his death; in April, 1755, he was invited to preach at Newport, and soon after became settled there permanently, having conquered his theological doubts; in 1777, while a resident of Portsmouth, whither he re- moved on the Briiish occupation of Newport, he was a second time invited to the pres. of Yale Coll., which he accepted, and entered upon June 23, 1778, filling this post till his death. After the death of Prof. Daggett in 1780, he discharged the duties of prof, of divin- ity, besides giving each week one or two disser- tations on philos. or astronomical subjects. Dr. Stiles was an indefatigable student, acquired many Oriental languages, corresp. with the Jesuits on the geography of California, with Greek bishops on the physical formation of Pal- estine and the adjacent countries, and addressed scientific and philological queries to travellers from remote regions. Dr. Stiles was, un- doubtedly, one of thepurestand best-gifted men of his age. One of his daughters m. Rev. Abiel Holmes, bv whom his Life was written and pub. in 1798'. His Life by Prof. Kingsley is in the second series of Sparks's Collection. His chief literary productions are his " History of Three of the Judges of King Charles I.," 1794 ; " Account of the Settlement of Bristol," 1785; a funeral oration on Gov. Law, 17.')1; and on his re-election to his oflice of president, 1778, in Latin. He wrote many addresses and sermons. One of the latter is an able plea for the uuion of various N. England denomina- tions. Siiles's Diary and bound manuscripts, preserved at Yale, fill 45 vols., and include numerous important details of the Revol., of which he was an early and constant promoter. "A Family Tablet," Boston, 12mo, 1796, con- tains poems by the Stiles family. 13 are by Miss Ruth Stiles ("Louisa"), who m. Rev. Caleb Gannett ; 3, signed " Eugenio," are by Dr. Ezra Stiles, jun., who d. N.C. Aug. 22, 1784; 8aieby Mary (" Myra") ; and 1 6 are by her husband. Rev. Abiel Holmes (" Myron"). Stiles, HiiNRT Reed, M.D. (U. of N.Y. 1855), hist, writer, b. N.Y. City 10 Mar. 1832. Practised med. in Galena, 111.; now (1871) in Brooklyn, N.Y. Has pub. " History of Ancient Windsor, Ct.," 8vo, 1859 ; also a supplement to the same, 8vo, 18G3 ; " Stiles's Genealogy," 1863; "History of Brooklyn, N.Y.," 3 vols. 8vo, 1869-70; "Bundling, its Origin," &c., 12mo, 1869: "Autobiog. of Thos. Douglas," 12mo, 1S56. Ho has edited " The Wallabout Prison-Ship," " Revol. Adventurcsof Eb.Fox," " Andrew Sherburne's Memoirs," and " Prison- ship Narrative," and has edited as well as con- trib. to the N.Y. Hist. Magazine. Stiles, William H., politician and author, b. Savannah, Ga. ; d. there Dec. 20, 1865. He became a lawyer in Savannah in 1831 ; was solicitor-gen. of the eastern dist. of Ga. in 1833-6 ; M. C. 1843-5 ; and was duirg^ d'affaires to Austria 1845-9. Served as a col. in the Confcd. army. Author of "A His- tory of Austria in 1848-9." Still^, Alfred, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1836), b. Phila. 1813. U. of Pa. 1832. Studied also in Europe. Res. physician Phila. Hospital 1836, Pa. Hospital 1839—41 ; lecturer on pathology and prac. of med. to Phila. Assoc, for Med. Instruction 1844-50; physician to St. Joseph's Hosp. 1849 ; prof, of theory and prac. of med. in Pa. Med. Coll. 1854-9, and in U. of Pa. since June 20, 1864. He has pub. " Medical Instruction in the U.S.," 8vo, 1845; "Ele- ments of Pathology," 1848 ; " Report on Med. Literature," 1850 ; " Unitv of Medicine," 1856; "Humboldt's Life and Char.," 1859; " Therapeuties," 2 vols. 8vo, 3d ed., 1868; " War as an Element of Civilization," 1862 ; " Epidemic Meningitis," 1867. Contrib. to med. and surg. journals. — Allibone. Still^, Charles Janewat, LL.D., b. Phila. 1819. Y.C. 1839. Prof, of Eng. lit., U. of Pa., May 1, 1866, and provost of the same, Sept. 1868. Author of " How a Free People conduct a Long War," 1 862 ; " North- em Interest and Southern Independence," 1863; "Hist. Development of Amcr. Civiliza- tion," an address at Y.C, July 29, 1863 ; " Hist. U.S. Sanitary Com.," 8vo, 1866; "Memoir of Rev. Wm. Smith, D.D.," 1869. — Allibone. Stilld, MoRETOs, M.D., physician and author, b. Phila. Oct. 27, 1822 ; d. Saratoga, N.Y., Aug. 20, 1855. U. of Pa. 1844. His ancestor Olof Person Stille' came with the first Swedish colony to the banks of the Del. in 1638. He began his medical studit'S with his bro. Alfred, and, after spendin<^ 3 years in Europe, settled in practice in Phila. in 1847. Resident phys. Pa. Hospital 1848-9; revisited Europe in 1850-2; and in Mar. 1855 was app. lecturer in the Phila. Assoc, for Med. Instnic- tion. Besides many contributions to med. journals, ho was joint author mth Mr. Whar- ton of a valuable treatise on med. jurispru- dence. — Gross's Med. Biorj. Stillman, Samuel, D.D. (B.U. 1788), Baptist clergyman, b. Phila. Feb. 27, 1737; d. Boston, March 12, 1807. In 1748 his par- ents removed to Charleston, S.C. ; and he re- ceived his education at an acad. in that city. He preached his first sermon, Feb. 17, 1758; was ord. Charleston, Feb. 26, 1759 ; settled at James Island, but soon returned to Phila., where he m. Hannah, dan. of Evan Morgan. Ill-health occasioned his removal to Borden- town, N. J., in 1 760, whence, 2 years aftenvards, ho came to Boston. After being one year an assist, at the Second Baptist Church, he was installed minister of the First, Jan. 9, 1765, where he continued till his death from a para- lytic shock. Mr. Stillman soon became one 871 sxo of the most popular pulpit-orators of his day, and contributed powerMly to the cause of liberty by his patriotic discourses. He was a delegate to the U.S. Const. Conv. in I7S8, and was a decided Whig, and a Federalist of the Washington school. He was active in the interests of Brown U., and his name appears in the act of incorporation 1 764. A Memoir by his son-in-law Thomas Gray, D.D., is prefixed to a vol. of occasional sermons pub. in 1803. Among his pub. discourses are, " On the Re- peal of the Stamp Act," 1766; "Four Dis- courses," 1769; "Ancient and Hon. Art. Ser- mon," June 4, 1770 ; " Election Sermon," May 26, 1779; "Masonic Dis. at Charlestown," June 24, 1785 ; " Oration," July 4, 1789, Bos- ton ; " On the Death of Mary Stillman," his mother, 1768; "Hon. Samuel Ward," bef Con- gress, Mar. 26, 1776; "Nicholas Brown of Prov.," May 31, 1791 ; " Washington," 1800; "Rev. H. Smith," Haverhill, Jan. 31, 1805.— Geneal. Reg., ix. 78. Stirling, Lord. — See Alex.vnder, Wm. Stirling, Sir Thom.\s, of Ardoch, a Brit- ish gen.; d. 9 May, 1808. He obtained his captaincy in July, 1757, in the 42d, or Royal Highland Regt., which accomp. Abcrcrombie in 1758, and Amherst in 1759, in their respec- tive expeds. on Lakes George and Champlain ; was afterwards detailed to assist at the siege of Niagara, and accomp. Amhei-st from Oswego to Montreal in 1760; in 1765 Capt. Stirling was stationed at Fort Chartres in II]., and returned to Phila. in June, 1766, after a march of more than 3,000 miles, with his entire de- tachment of 100 men in perfect health, and without accident; app. a ni.ajor in 1770, and lieut.-col. 42d in Sept. 1771. He com. this regt. thronghout the Amer. Revol. ; was in the engagement on Staten Island, and in the battle of Brooklyn Heights in 1776; at the storming of Fort Washington, the capture of Red Bank, and in the battle of Brandywine ; woimded at the battle of Springfield, June 7, 1780. He became a col. in the army in 1779, and was brigadier under Clinton in the exped. against Charleston, S.C., in 1780. He suc- ceeded Licut.-Gcn. Frazer as col. of the 71st Highlanders in Feb. 1782; and in Nov. follow- ing became maj.-gen. ; in 1796 he was app. lieut.-gen., and created a baronet; and became a gen. Jan. 1, 1801. He was an olBcer of su- perior merit. Stith, Rev. William, pres. of Wm. and Mary Coll. 1752-5, b. Va. 16S9 ; d. Williams- burg, Va., 27 Sept. 1755. Son of Capt. John and Mary Randolph, and was a bro.-in-law of Peyton Randolph. Studied theol., and ord. in Eng. in 1731 ; master of the grammar-school of Wm. and M. Coll. 1731, chaplain h. of burgesses 173S, and rector of Henrico parish 1752-5. Author of " History of Va. ii-om the First Settlement to the Dissol. of the Lond. Co.," written in 1745, pub. Williamsburg 1747. Stobo, M.1J. Robert, b. Glasgow 1727; d. ab. 1770. The son of a merchant. Came to Va. ab. 1742 ; was app. a capt. in 1754 ; was with Washington at Fort Necessity when it surrendered in July of that year, and was a hostage for the fulfilment of the articles of ca- pitulation. While at Fort Du Quesne, he drew up a plan of the works, and sent it to the com- manding officer at Wills's Creek. His cor- respondence fell into the hands of the French on the defeat of Gen. Braddock, and he was imprisoned at Quebec, whence, on a third at- tempt (in 1753), he succeeded in escaping, and joined the British army at Louisburg. He accomp. it to Quebec, and was useful by his knowledge of localities. He returned to Va., whence in 1760 he sailed for Eng. ; was made ca])t. 15th Foot, June 5, 1761 ; served in the W. Indies in 1762 ; returned to Eng. in 1767 ; and left the army in 1770. —5ec Memoir by IS. B. C, Pittsburg, 1854, 18mo. Stockton, Richard, signer of the Decl. of ludep., b. Princeton, N. J.,Oct. 1, 1730; d. near there Fob. a-*, 1781. N.J. Coll. 1748. He studied law with David n^.lon of Newark ; was adm. to t\\v liar in 1754, ami soon became disting. Visiting Eng. in 1766, ho rendered valuable services to N. J. Coll. ; and on his re- turn, in 1767, was escorted to his residence by the people, by whom he was much beloved. In 1768 he was made a member of the exec, council of N.J. ; in 1774 he was app. a judge of the Sup. Court of N. J. ; and was chosen a deleg. to Congress in 1776, in time to partici- pate in the debate on the proposition for inde- pendence : though at first doubtful of its poli- cy, he cordially supported it. He was re-elected to Congress, where he was an active and influ- ential member. Soon after his return from a mission to the northern army under Schuyler, he was captured by a party of royalists, Nov. 30, 1776, who threw him into prison at New York, and treated him with great severity. Congress interposing, he was exchanged ; but he fell a sacrifice to the ill-usage he had re- ceived. The enemy destroyed his library, and devastated his lands. He was unrivalled at the bar, and refused to engage in any cause which he knew to be unjust, and stood forth in defence of the helpless and injured. Stockton, Richard, LL.D., lawyer and statesman, son of the preceding, b. Princeton, N.J., April 17, 1764; d. March 7, 1828. N. J. Coll. 1779. In 1796 he was chosen to the U.S. Senate, and in 1813 to the house of represen- tatives ; in 1825 he was a commissioner from N. J. to negotiate the settlement of ail impor- tant territorial controversy with N. Y., and penned the proposed agreement appended to this report. jEIe was a profound lawyer, and an uncommonly eloquent advocate, and, during more than a quarter of a century, was at the he.ad of the bar of New Jersey. Stockton, Robert Field, commodore U.S.N., b. Princeton, N. J., 1796; d. there Oct. 7, 1866. A.M. of N. J. Coll. 1820. Son of the preceding. He left N. J. Coll. in his 1 5th year ; entered the navy as midshipm. Sept. 1, 1811 ; received honorable notice for gallant- ry in several battles ; was made lieut. Dec. 9, 1814 ; com. May 27, 1830; capt. Dec. 8, 1838 ; resigned May 28, 1850. In 1815, while 1st lieut. of " The Spitfire," he disting. himself by boarding with a boat's crew an Algerine war- vessel. Ordered in 1821 to the coast of Africa, he obtained by treaty from the native chiefs the tract constituting the present republic of Li- beria. He also captured many slavers, and a 872 STO Portuguese privateer, " The Marianna Flora " of 22 guns. On his return, he was successful in lireaki?ij; up the nests of many W. India pi- rates. In 1826-38 he took an active part in politics in t'iivor r,f Ccn ,I,Hk-'>Ti. nml also in aiding intcni:il i rM\ , i.|, i.* ii, !.i SihTl'. In 1838 hewa- i!,. " in the Mediterraiirai; li . ":. ■ . i-t to ad- 1844, (Juiu. Sti.cktoM was .■.ciiuu.-ly injured. Sent to the Tacitic in Oct. 1845, he witli 1,500 men, including 600 sailors, in about 6 months conquered the whole of California, and estab- lished the authority of the U.S. there. Form- ing a provis. govt., he returned to the cast in June, 1847. The difficulty between him and Gen. Kearney in relation to the supreme com. thrvi> v.-'.- -Ill'- rjupntly made the subject of a cniiii I ; ,ii ' IS -riiator in 1851-3, he stren- uoii : I : r\ ntion in favor of Hun- par\, in: |; ti- -i i Ik- passage of a law for the aboliiioii ul liiiy-iiig in the navy. His life and speeches were pub. 8vo, New York. Stockton, THO-M.VS, gov. of Del. 1844-6; d. Newcastle, Del., March 2, 1846. Capt. 3d Art. Sept. 10, 1812 ; major 42d Inf. Apr. 15, 1814; resigned Jidy 6, 1825. Stockton, Thomas Hewlixgs, D.D., Mcth. clergvman, b. Mt. Hollv, N. J., Juu 1808; d. Phila. Oct. 9, 1868. He i for the press at 16, and studied medicine in Phila.; but in May, 1 829, began preaching ; in 1 830 was stationed at Baltimore; and was chaplain to Congress in 1833, '35, and '37. At Baltimore he compiled the hymn-booli of the Meth.-Prot. Church, and edited the Methodist-Piolestant ; but, unwilling to submit to restrictions in its discussions of slavery 1'- ili r..ilM)iMi' r,>:.f , he resigned, and wen r i ■ riii i, 'i. 'i pastor and a publir 1 ' ! i- i~ : then removed to Cinciiiiii: I ; I ^ I'l 4;;: [i -: dcncy of Miami U.: in 185ii-6 was assoc. pas- tor of St. John's Church, Baltimore ; and for 3i years was temporary pastor of an assoc. Ref Prcsh. Church. In 1S.^6-GS he was pastor of thr r-,nnli ,,f tl) ■ \. M T. -•:, It, and per- form. ' ..<-'i i^' ' .■' I :'-' II' li I'l ahigh rr|M, .,,.■.,,. ,^ . : : ..lIi abili- ty !!„■ ' . '■ ■: 11.. ■.' ;.P.I /. . / .-..s. He was in tlie \:\n in all tnrnis of social jirogress, and a pioneer in the antislavery party. He op- posed sectarianism, and by voice and pen helped to promote Christian brotherhood and union. iMemoirs of Stockton have been pub. bv Rev. Alex. Clark and by Rev. John G. Wilson. He was again chaplain to the U.S. house of representatives "in 1859-61, and in 1862 of the U.S. senate. Dr. Stockton pub. 1844; "The Bible Alliance," 18.' mens for the People," 1854 ; " The 1857 ; " Stand up fof Jesus," 1858 ; " Poems, with Autobiographic and Other Notes," 1862 ; " The Peerless Magniticence of the Word of God," 1862 ; and " The Meditation of Christ." Stoddard, Anos, soldier and author, b. Woodbury, Ct., Oct. 26, 1762; d. May 11, 1813. Grandson of Rev. Anthony. He was a soldier from 1779 to the close of the war of indep. ; then clerk of the Supreme Court in Boston ; was a lawyer in Hallowell, Me., in 1792-8; was app. capt. of art. June 1, 1798; gov. of Mo. "Terr. 1804-5; major June 30, 1807 ; dep. quarterm. July 16, 1812 ; disting. and dangerously wounded by a shell in the siege of Fort Meigs, and died of tetanus. Author of " Sketches of Louisiana," 12mo, 1810; and the " Political Crisis," Lond. His papers are in the archives of the Western Reserve Hist. Soc., Cleveland, Ohio. Stoddard, Axthont, b. Northampton, Aug. 9. 1678, minister of Woodburv, Ct.,from May 27, 1702, to his d. Sept. 6, 1760. H.U. 1697. He was clerk of probate 40 years; was the lawyer and physician of his people, and one of the largest farmers in the town. A genealogy of the descendants of Antliony of Boston, by Charies and Elijah W. Stoddard, was pub. N.Y., 8vo, 1865. Stoddard, Richard Henry, poet, b. HiiiLThani, Ms., July, 1825. His father, a sea- cajiMin. was In-t on a voyage to Sweden in the caih \.iiii!i '.f ilio son, who, for several years, w..rk'".liiian inai foundry in New York, in whi.h city he has resided since 1835, holding for some years a post in the custom-house. His health failing, he became in 1848 a contrib. to the magazines and newspapers. In 1852 he m. Elizabeth Drew (Barstow), a poetess, b. Mat- tapoisctt, Ms., 1823, author of 3 novels, — "Morgesons," 1862; "Two Men," 1865; "Temple House," 1867. He pub. in 1849 a collection of poems entitled " Footprints." A collection of his niaturer poems was pub. in Boston in 1852. He has written " Adventures "Lite, Travels, and Books of AUxaiidcr von Humboldt," 1859; "Abraham Lincoln," au Horatian ode, 1865 ; " Madrigals," mostly from the old Eng. poets, 1 865 ; " Book of the East," 1871; edited the "Late Eng. Poets," Deo. 1865. Stoddard, Solojiox, clergyman, b. Bos- ton, Oct. 4, 1643 ; d. Northampton, Ms., Feb. 11,1729. H.U. 1662. He was a fellow, and in 1667-74 first librarian, of H.U. During this time, his health being poor, he went to Barbadoes as chaplain to Gov. Serle, and for near 2 years prearhrd to .li-cuters. Called in 1669 to the chunh at X.niliaiiii.ion, he was ord. there Sept. II, H.:.'. ami rrni.iiiiml there till bis death. In Feb. i::J7, .loiiaihau Kdwards, his grandson, was elected as bis culleau'ue ; in 1700 he pub. "The Doctrine of Instituted Churches," in answer to I. Mather's "Order of the Gospel," which occasioned an exciting loaiKiN . ! -, . « hirh was renewed in 1708-9. Ho ). :i: I ,1 llaiieoussermons, " AGuide to (I i:i ! iimI "The Safety of appearing ill til. Ill, Ml .lialgment in the Righteousness of Christ,"" rei.rintVd atEdinb. in 1792; " The Trial of Assurance," 1696. He was a man of learning, and a very successful preacher. STO Ilis son Col. John li. Boston, June 19, 1748, a. 67. H.U. 1701. He was many years inem- lier of the council of Ms., chief "justice of C.C.P., ami col. of militia. — See Ills Jour, of Exped. to Canada, 1713-14, in Geneal. Reg., Jan. 1851. Stoddert, Benjamin, sec. U. S. N. 21 May, 1798-26 Jan. 1802; b. Md. 1751 ; il. Bla- densburg, Md., 17 Dec. 1813. A capt. at the battle of Brandywine ; afterward a raaj. in the Revol. arrajf. Many years extensively engaged le pursuits in Georgetown, D.C. Stoever, Maktin Luther, Ph.D. (Ham. 1866), LL.D., b. Gcrmantown, Pa., 17 Feb. 1820; d. Gettysburg, Pa., 22 July, 1870. U. of Pa. 1833. App. in 1839 tutor of Pa. Coll., he was connected with it as tutor, principal of prep, dept., or prof, of Latin, until his death. Author of " Self Culture," an address, Sept. 14, 1841, Gettysburg; "Life of H. M. Muh- lenberg, D.D.," 1S56; "Memorial of P. F. Mayer, D.D.," 1859; "Brief Sketch of the Lutheran Church in the U.S.," 1860. Editor Literary Record 1847-8; and co-editor, and from 1862-70 sole editor, of the Evangelical Re- view ; contrib. to periodicals. Stokes, Anthony ; d. Lond. 27 Mar. 1 799, a. 63. Barrister at law of the Inner Temple, Lond.; from 1768 chief justice, and from 1772 councillor, of Ga., and until its evacuation by the British forces in 1782. Pub. Lond., 1 783, " View of the Constitution of the British Colonies in N.A.," &c. A loyalist at the opening of the Kevol., he was made a prisoner, but was soon afterward exchanged, and returned to Eng. — Europ. Mag., Aug. 1783. Stokes, MONTFORD, gov. of N.C. 1830-2, b. N.C. 1760; d. Ark. 1842. Served in the Revol. army ; several years clerk of the Superior Court, and afterwards of the Senate ; U.S. senator 1816-23 ; State senator 1826 ; mem- ber of the House 1829-30; Indian agent in Ark. from 1831 until bis death. His bro. Col. John, a Revol. officer, afterward U.S. dist. jud-e of N.C, d. Fayetteville, N.C, Oct. 1790. Stone, Andrew Leete, D.D. (Amh. Coll. 186!), b. O.Kford, Ct., Nov. 25, 1815. Y.C. 1837. Son of Dr. Noah Stone, a phy- sician. Three years a prof, in the N.Y. Insti- tution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb ; at the same time pursuing the study of theologv. He then connected himself with the Amer."S.S. Union atPhila. ; in Sept. 1844 was ord. pastor of the South Church, Middle- town, Ct. ; in Jan. 1849 was called to the pastorate of the Park-street Church, Boston ; and in 1865 was settled in San Francisco, Cal. He is a very popular preacher, and is deeply interested in the great reforms of the day. Author of " Service the End of Living," 1858 ; " Ashton's Mothers," 1859 ; " Discourse on the Death of Abraham Lincoln," 1865; addresses, sermons, &c. A ^ ■ ! Stone, Gen. Charles P., b. Greenfield, Jli^Jlj:'. 'jtjs,^ 1826. West Point, 1845. Assist, prof. / . of ethics. West Point, Aug. 1845-Jan. 1846 ; . . iy, lili%re.\: 1st lieut. for gallantry at Molino del Key /Sept. 8, and capt. for Cliapultepec Sept. 13, / 1847 ; became 1st lieut. 26 Feb. 1853 ; and resigned Nov. 17, 1856. Banker in San Fran- cisco 1856-7 ; chief, conir. under the Mex. govt. for survey and explor, of |)ublic lands in Sonora andL.Cal. 1857-fiO. Jan. 2, 1861, he wasapp. by Gen. Scott to organize and com. the militia of the Dist. of Col. ; May 14, 1861, he was made col. 14th Inf. ; May 28 he was attached to the staff of Gen. McDowell ; was soon after assigned to com. a brigade under Gen. Patter- son ; and was made brig. -gen. vols. May 17, 1861. The troops engaged in the battle of Ball's Bluff, Oct. 21, belonged to his division, and acted under his orders ; and, reports un- favorable to his loyalty having been circulated, he was arrested Feb. 9, 1862, and ffonfined in Fort Lafayette. In Aug. 1862 he was released, and ordered to Washington. May 9, 1 863, he was ordered to report for duty to Gen. Banks in Ln. ; was engnsed in the siege and capture of Port Ihulsun ;" was chief of staff to Gen. Banks, Jiilv. IsCi-April, 1864; engaged at Bayou Tirhr, Sabine Cross-Roads, and Pleas- ant Hill; an I ."in n 1 riL';ide in 5lh corps, Army of Put'ii': ' • I' !• r^hurg, Aug. 21, to his resiuii I i ! ; ■ , i |s(;4; in 1870 he entered the ^ i lu , ;i.. live of Egypt as brig. -gen. and i IikI ul ^t.cU. Stone, David, judiie and senator, h. Bertie Co., N.C, Feb. 17,1770; d. Raleigh, Oct. 7, 1818. N.J. Coll. 1788. He studied law ; rose to a high position at the bar ; vi'as 4 years in the State Icgisl. ; judge of the Supreme Court in 1795-8; M.C 1799-1801; U.S. senator 1801-7; gov. of N.C. in 1808-10; and again U.S. senator in 1813-14. Stone, David Ma vine, editor, and one of the proprietors, of the jV. Y. Jonr. of Commerce since 1849, b. Oxford, Ct., 23 Dec."l8I7. Son of Dr. Noah Stone. At first engaged in mechanical pursuits, he afterwards employed himself in mercantile affairs, and was long a contrib. to various periodicals. Stone, Edwin Martin, 13 years Cong, pastor at Beverly, Ms., and since 1847 in the ministry at large. Providence, R.fc ; b. Fra- mingham, Ms., 29 Apr. 1805. Ho pub: " Biog. of Elhanan Winchester," -1836 ; " Uvmns for Sab. Schools," 1837; " History of 'Beverly, Ms.," 1843; "Life of John Howland," 1857; " History of the Providence Association," 18G0; " The Architect and Monetarian," 1869; " Hist. Sketches of the Services of R.I. Regts.," &c. (1861-5), pub. in the "Register of R.L Vols.," 1866 ; "Hymns and Tunes for Vestry and Conf. Meetings'," 6th ed. 1844 ; " Invasion of Canada in 1775, including the Journal of Capt. S. Thayer, with Notes and Appendix," 1867. Contrib. of hist., edue., theol., and other articles to periodicals, and successively editor of the Boston Times (1827), Indep. Messenger ( 1 832-3), and Salem Observer. His son Edwin Winchester, b. Beverly, Ms,, 30 Sept. 1835, served in the 1st R.I. Art. in the Rebellion ; was a war corresp. of the Prov. Journal, and pub. "Rhode Island in the Rebellion," 1864, 2d ed. 12mo, 1865. Stone, John Augustus, actor and dramatist, b. Concord, JIs., 1801 ; d. Pliila. June 1, 1834, having drowned himself in the Schuylkill in a fit of derangement. He made his dSut in Boston as Old Norval in the play of " Douglas ; " acted in N.Y. City in 1826, and in Phila. at intervals afterwards. He sxo 874 STO X produced " Mctamora," for which Mr. Forrest paid him S500, and " The Ancient Briton," for which he received from the same source $1,000, tlie " Banker of Ruuen," "La Roque the Rej^icide," the "Demoniac," " Tancrcd," and other pieces. — Duyckinck. Stone, John Haskins, gov. of Md. 1794- 7; d. Annapolis, Oct. 5, 1804. While young, and at an early period of the Revol. war, he was the first capt. in Smalhvood's regt. ; was made col. in Dec. 1776; and resigned Aug. 1, 1779. He disting. himself at the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Princeton, and Germantown, in the last of which he received a wound which disabled him from further ser- vice. In 1781 he became a clerk in the office of R. R. Livingston, sec. of foreign affairs ; was sulisequently a member of the exec, coun- vcil of Maryland. '^ StOue,' John Seelt, D.D., Epis. divine, b. W. btockbridge, Ms., 1795. Un. Coll. 182.3. Rector of Christ Ch., Brooklyn, and of St. Paul's Ch., Boston, 1832-41; some years lec- turer in the Phila. Div. School, and since July, 1867, dean of the Theol. Sem., Cambridge, Ms. Author of " The Mysteries Opened," 1844 ; lectures on the Christian Sabb.ath, 1867; "The Church Universal," 1846, enlarged to "The Living Temple," 1866; "The Con- trast," &c., 1853 ; " Life of James Milnor, D.D.," 8vo, 1848; "Life of Bishop Griswold," 8vo, 1844. Stone, LncT, reformer, b. West Brook- field, Ms., 1818. She grad. at Oberlin Coll., where licr oratorical talent decided her voca- tion. On her return to N. Eng., she became an agent of the Am. Antislavery Society, lec- turing alternately for the slave and woman. In 1855 she was married to Henry B. Blackwell, retaining lier own name. " She was the first speaker who really stirred the nation's heart on the subject of woman's wronj prominent in all the early i she was sec. of the woman's-rights organiza- tion for many years. She left her retirement in the spring of 1867, and travelled through Kansas, speaking to large audiences, and in the following winter lectured on suffrage for wo- man in Ct., Ms., N.J., and N.Y. She has an intellectual face, and a soft, clear, and musical voice. Stone, S.vJinEL, minister, b. Hertford, Eng. ; d. Hartford, Ct., July 20, 1663. Eman- uel Coll., Cambridge, 1623-7. He came to America to escape persecution, with Mr. Cotton and Mr. Hooker, in 1 633 ; was an as- sist, to the liitter, Oct. 11, 1633-47; removed with him to Ilanford in 1636 ; and was his suc- cessor in the ministry for 16 years. Eminent as a controversialist, and celebrated for wit and good humor. The latter part of his life was imbittered by theol. disputes, which led to a divided church. He left in MS. a body of flivinity much esteemed by theol. students, and a confutation of the Antinomians. Stone, Thomas, a signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Pointon Manor, Charles Co., Md., 1743; d. Port Tobacco, Md., Oct. 5, 1787. Descended from William Stone, gov. of the state during Cromwell's protectorate. He re- ceived his academic education under the care She of a Scotch tutor; afterwards studied law in Annapolis under Thos. Johnson, and eng.igcd in practice at Fredorickton, Md., at the age of 21; and in 1771 removed to Charles Co. Mem- ber of Congress 1775-9 (foremost among the champions of his country's rights and honor at that trying period), and again in 1783-4, and pres. pro tern. He strongly favored the establishment of independence; served on sev- eral committees, including that charged to pre- pare a plan of confederation ; and was app. a deleg. from Md. to the conv. of 1787 which formed the Const, of the U.S. : but domestic circumstances compelled him to decline. Re- peatedly a member of the Md. senate during the intervals of his congressional service. Stone, William Leete, author and edi- tor, b. Esopus, N.Y., Apr. 20, 1792 ; d. Sara- toga Springs, Aug. 15, 1844. Son of Rev. Wm. Stone. Removed to Cooperstown 1809, where he assisted his father in the care of a farm, but at the age of 17 became a printer in a newspaper-office. In 1813 ho became editor of the Herkimer American, and subsequently edited a polit. newspaper at Hudson, then at Albany, afterwards at Hartford, and from 1821 until his death was one of the proprs. and edi- tor of the iV. Y. Cunmercial Admrtiser. Col. Stone also edited while at Hudson the ioun- jer, a lit. periodical disting. for its pleasantry and wit; in 1834 he pub. two vols, of " Tales and Sketches ; " in 1832 " Letters on Mason- ry and Anti-Masonry ; " " Mathias and his Impostures," 1835 ; in 1836 " Ups and Downs in the Life of n Gentleman," a satire on the follies of the day; Memoirs of Brandt, 1838, and of Red Jacket, 1841; "Life of Uncas:" "History of Wyoming," 1840; "Border Wars of the Araer. Revol.," 2 vols. 1834 ; " Maria Monk," &c., 1836 ; Letters on Animal Magnetism, 1837. He had completed the col- lection and arrangement of the materials for an extended memoir of Sir Wm. Johnson at the time of his death, since completed and pub. by his son. For some years he had been supt. of common schools in N.Y. City, and did much for the cause of education. His son William Leete, Jun. (b. N.Y. City, 1835; Brown U. 1857), has published "Guide to Saratoga Springs," 1866; " History of N.Y. Citv," 8vo, 1868; "Life of Sir Wm. Johnson," '2 vols. 8vo, 1865. Is engaged on a " History of the Six Nations," and has eontrib. to the magazines. Ed. of Gen. Reidsel's Memoirs, from the Ger- man of Von Eelking, 2 vols. 8vo, 1868. Stone, William Murray, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1831), Pr.-Ep. bishop of Md. (consec. 21 Oct. 1830), b. Somerset Co., Md., 1779; d. near Salisbury, Md., Feb. 26, 1838. He was educated at Washington Acad., on the Eastern Shore; ord. deacon 1802, and ministered for many years in his native parish with fidelity and success. Bishop Stone was remarkable for the meekness, humility, and simplicity of his character. He pub. a charge, 1 831 ; pas- toral letter, 1835 ; and a sermon, 1835. Stoneman, George, brcv. major-gen. U.S.A., b. Busti, Chautauqua Co., N.Y., Aug. 8, 1822. West Point, 1846. Entering the 1st Dragoons, he acted as quartermaster to the Mormon battalion at Santa Fe, and sent with STO 875 sxo it to Cal. in 1847 ; capt. 3 Mar. 1855 ; in 1861, being in com. of Fort Brown, Te.\as, he re- fusfid to obey the order of his superior, Gen. Twiggs, for the surrender of the govt, property to the seccs.sionists, chartered a steamer, evacu- ated the fort, and arrived at N.Y. March 15; May 9 he was made maj. 4th Cav., and served in Western Va. as insp.-gen. until Aug. 13, when he became bri^.-gen. vols., chief of cav., and highly elHcient m organizing that arm of the service. After the evacuation of Yorktown by the Confeds., his com. of cav. and flying art. pursued and overtook them, and thus brought on the battle of Williamsburg, May 5, 1862. After the second battle of Bull Kun, he took com. of the division of Kearny ; succeeded Heintzelman as com. of the 3d army corps, which he led at Fredericksburg 13 Dec. 1862; maj.-gcn. Nov. 29, 1862; com. cav. corps in raid towards Richmond, Apr. 13-May 2, 1863; and com. 23d corps, Jan.-Apr. 1864. On the rc-organization of the armies operating against Richmond by Gen. Grant, Gen. Stoncman was app. to com the c.ivalry corps in the dept. of the Ohio ; was engaged in the operations of the Atlanta campaign to July 31, 1864, when he was captured at Clinton, Ga., while on a raid to Andersonville ; com. raid to South- west Va. in Dec. 1864; com. dist.of E. Tenn. Feb.-Mar. 1865; com. exped. to Asheville, N.C., Mar.-Apr. 1865, and engaged at Wythc- ville, captui-e of Salisbury, N.C., and Ashe- ville. Brcv. brig.-gcn. and maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 for capture of Charlotte, N.C., and services during the Rebellion ; lieut.-col. 3d Cav. Mar. 30, 1864 ; col. 2Ist Inf. July 28, 1866; retired 1871.— C»//«»i. Storer, David Humphkets, M.D. (H.TJ. 1825), naturalist, b. Portland, Me., 1804. Bowd. Coll. 1822. Author of "Genera, Species, &e., of Recent Shells," 1837 ; " Ichthyology, &c., of Ms.," 1839; "Fishes of N. A.," 1846; "Fishes of Ms.," 1853. Contrib. to scient. journals. Storer, Francis Hn.MPHKEY8, prof, of chemistry in Ms. Institute of Technology, b. Boston 1832. H.TJ. Scient. School, 1855. Au- thor of "Alloys of Copper and Zinc," 1859; "Manuf. of ParattJne Oils," 1860; "Solubili- ties of Chemical Substance," 1864; with C. W. Elliot, "Manual of Inorganic Chemistry," 1S6S; and a "Manual of Qualitative Chem. Analysis." Storer, George W., rear-adra. U.S.N., b. Portsmouth, N.II., 1789; d. there 8 Jan. 1864. Nephew of Col. Toliias Lear. Midshipm. 16 Jan. 1809; lieut. 24 July, 1813; com. 24 Apr. 1828; capt. 9 Feb. 1837; rcar-adm. (retired list) 16 July, 1862. Com. the squad, off Bra- zil 1848; com. sloojj-of-war "Boston," in Medit. squad., 1831 ; com. frigate "Potomac," coast of Brazil, 1838-43; governor naval asylum 1855-8. Storer, Horatio Robinson-, M.D. (H.U. 1853), prof, of obstetrics and med. jurisp. in Bcrksliire Med. Coll., Ms., b. Boston 1830. H.U. 1850. Author (with F. F. Heard) of " Criminal Abortion in America ; " " Why Not? a Book for Every Woman," 1866; "Is it 11 a Book for Every Man ; " " Decrease in the Rate of Increase of Population in Europe and America," 1867; " Nurses and Nursing," 1868; co-editor of the Journal of the Gijneco- Uxjical Soc. of Boston, 1 869 ; and contrib. to scientific journals. — Allihonc Storrs, Charles Backus, first pres. of the West. Res. Coll., , b. Longmeadow, Ms., 15 May, 1794; d. Braintree, Ms., Sept. 15, 1833. N.J. Coll.; And. Theol. Sem. 1820. Son of Rev. Richard S. Ord. 3 Jan. 1821, and preached at Ravenna, O., from 1822 to Mar. 1828, when he was chosen prof, of Clirist. theol. in the W. Res. Coll., and in 1831 pres. — Spraffue, Storrs, Henrt Randolph, lawyer, b. Middlctown, Ct., 1787; d. New Haven, July 29, 1837." Y.C. 1804. Adm. to the bar in 1807; practised first at Champion, Jefi' Co., N.Y., and afterward at Whitestown and Utica, N.Y.; M.C. in 1819-21, 1823-31 ; and subse- quently removed to N.Y. City, where he soon rose to high distinction in his profession. He was 5 years first judge of Oneida County. Storrs, Richard Salter, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 1835), son of Richard S. (minister of Longmeadow, Ct., froin 1785 to his d. Oct. 3/ 1819, a. 54), b. Feb. 1787. Wms. Coll. 1807. Pastor 1 st Cong. Church, Braintree, Ms., since 1811. He pub. "Memoir of Rev. Samuel Green, 12mo, Bost., and some 20 single ser- mons. Edited Boston Recorder; co-editor of the Congregationalist ; and contrib. to the Pan- oplist. Home Month/j/, &c. Storrs, Richard Salter, Jun., D.D. (Un. Coll. 1853), clergyman, b. Braintrei', Ms., Aug. 21, 1821. Amh. Coll. 1839 ; And. Theol. Sem. 1845. His father and grandfather of the same name were disting. clergymen. 22 Oct. 1845 he was ord. pastor of the Harvard Cong. Church, Brooklino, Ms., and in 1846 of the Church of the Pilgrims, Brooklyn, N.Y., which position ho still retains. He was assoc. editor of the Independent at its commencement in 1 848. He has pub., besides sermons, orations, and ad- dresses, " Graham Lectures on the Wisdom, Power, and Goodness of God," 1856; "Lite and Letters of Rev. Daniel Temple," 12nio, 1855; and an elaborate report on the revision of the English version of the Bible, undertaken by the Bible Society some years since ; and ar- ticles in Bibliotheca Sacra and New-Engkmder. For specimens of his writings, see " The Amer. Pulpit," 1856, 401-20 ; "Pulpit Eloquence of the 19th Centary," 1857, 485-500. Storrs, William Lucius, LL.D. (W. Res. Coll. 1846), jurist, bro. of H. R., b. Middle- town, Ct., Mar. 25, 1795; d. Hartford, June 25, 1861. Y.C. 1814. He studied at Whit(?:;to^vn, N.Y., and was adm. to the bar in 1817. He soon after went to Middletown, where he prac- tised until 1840. He was a member of the State Assembly 1 827-9 and 1 834, and was speak- er in 1834; M.C. in 1829-33 and 1839-10; app. assoc. judge of the Supreme Court of Err- ors in Ct. in June, 1840, and chief justice in 1856. In 1846-7 he was prof, of law in Yale College. Story, Isaac, poet, b. Marblchea il-i' - i . i il tribunal on that occasion. He wa> a i^riieroiis and liberal benefactor of H. Coll., and left a tract of land for the support there of students, natives of Dorchester, and another tract lor the benefit of schools. StOUghton, Gen. William L., lawyer, and M.C. 1869-71, b. N.Y., 20 Mar. 1827. Settled in the practice of law in Sturges, Mich., in 1851 ;"prosec.attv. 1856-60 ; app. U.S. dist. atty. 1861. Col. 11th Mich. Regt. 1862, and disting. at Stone River, Dec. 31-Jan. 2, 1863; afterwards com. a brigade at Chickamauga, Mission. Ridge, and at Atlanta, where he lost a leg ; brev. maj.-gen. U.S. vols. ; atty.-gen. of Mich. 1866-8. STO 877 STB Stow, Bahon-, D.D., Baptist clergyman, b. Croydon, N.H., June 16, 1801; d. Boston, Dee. 27, 1869. Col. Coll., D.C., 1825. After editing the Cohimlilan Star, a religious news- paper, for 2 years, at Washington, he was ord., Oct. 24, 1827, over the church in Portsmouth, N.H. ; in 1832 became pastor of the Baldwin- place Church ; and from 1848 to 1867 of the Rowe-street Church, Boston. He was many years prominent in the Baptist Missionary Union ; pres. of the trustees of the Newton Theol. Institution. Besides sermons, he pub. " Daily Manna for Christian Pilgrims," 1848; " Christian Brotherhood ; " " The Psalmist," 1849 ; " First Things," 1859 ; " History of the Danish Missions on the Coast of Coromandel ; " " Memoir of Harriet Dow ; " " History of the English Baptist Mission to India ; " Discourse at the 100th Anniv. Baldw. PI. Ch., 27 July, 1843; also many articles in reviews and peri- odicals. Stowe, Calvin Ellis, D.D., clergyman, b. Natick, Ms., April 26, 1802. Bowd. Coll. 1824. And. Theol. Sem. 1826. He was for two years an assist, to Prof Stuart, and at the same time assist, editor of the Boston Recorder. In 1830 he became prof, of languages in Dartm. Coll. ; and was prof, of biblical lit. in Lane Sem., Cincinnati, 1833-50. He lectured and wrote effectively on the school system of Ohio. On his return from Europe in 1837 he pub. his report on " Elementary Education in Europe." He subsequently pub. reports on the " Educa- tion of Immigrants," " The Course of In- struction in the Primary Schools of Prussia," and on " Elementary Instruction in Prussia." In 1850 he became divinity prof, at Bowd. Coll., and in 1852-64 was prof, of sacred lit. in And. Theol. Sem. He pub. " History of the Hebrew Commonwealth, from the German of Jahn," 182S; "Criticism and Interpretation of the Bible," 1835 ; "Origin and History of the Books of the Bible," 1867. He m. Harriet, dau. of Lyman Eeecher, in 1832. Stowe, H.iERiET Elizabeth Beecher, author, dau. of Itev. Dr. Lyman Beecher, b. Litchfield, Ct , June 15, 1812. One of a fami- ly of 12, which, out of 10 survivors, has given to literature 8 authors of more or less repute. Mrs. Stowe had the advantage of intellectual companion ship and strict moral training from inthncy. From her 15th year she was associ-.itcd with her elder sister Catharine at a siKcuisful female sem. she had estab- lished at Hartford in 1822. In her 21st year she TD. Rev. Calvin E. Stowe. During a long residence in Cincinnati, she became interested iu the question of slavery. She pub. in 1 849 a collection of moral tales, " The Mayflower, or Sketches of the Desccm :he Pi rk, '■ Ui I '!«-'= at Wa~l,ih ! • :i:.- ■. . - ■ :■•. :'••-- ton: 1S52. It has I,..', ir., ;!-,,:. .ri; > ' • , r- cut languages, and has bi-cn draraatizid iu '20 different forms, and acted in every capital in Europe, and in most of those of the U.S. She subsequently pub. "A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin." She soon afterward, in com])any with " her husband, and Rev. Charles Beecher her bro., visited Great Britain, where she was favor- ably rrrciv.^l, Afr.T her return she pub. "Sun- ny .Mmhn - M i 1 t-n Lands; " and in 1860 "Th. i iiig," originally pub. in the .1/ .'■ Ml" has also pub. "Dred, a Talc u! i;;l i): hh; Siv;unp," 1856; "Ao-nes of Sorrento," 1862; "The Pearl of Orr's Is- land," " The May-Flower, and Miscellaneous Writings," 1855 ; " House and Home Papers," 1864; "The Chimney- Corner," a series of essays in the Atlantic ilonthly, 1 865-6 ; " Little Foxes," 1865; "Queer Little People," 1867; " Oldtown Folks," 1869; "Men of Our Times," i«r,'. .\ mi;: V. .. ,;:, I ,,, ,,: 1 1_|). from the U. ot AI.eiueeii, iii i.i.;. .Vinun'j the many benefits he conferred ujion 1'oronto was the establishment of Trinity College. Strachey, William, first sec. to the Colony of Va., where he resided 1610-12 ; was shipwrecked on the Bermudas 1609. He jnib. for the Colony in Va. " Lawes, Divine, Morall, and Martial!," 4to, 1612; "History of Trav- aille into Va.," &c., pub. by the Hakhiyt Soc, and the second book in Mass. Hist. Colls., 4tli ser. i. Strader, Capt. Jacob, a pioneer in the steamboats and railroads of the West, b. N. J. 1795; d. Cincinnati, Aug. 28, 1860. Strain, Lieut. Isaac G., U.S.N., explorer, b. Koxbury, Franklin Co., Pa., 1821 ; d. Aspinwall, May 15, 1857. In 1845, while a midshipman, he led a small party to explore the interior of Brazil ; in 1 848 he explored the peninsula of Cal. ; in 1 849 he crossed from Valparaiso to Buenos Ayrcs, and wrote a nar- rative entitled " The Cordillera and Pampa ; " " Sketches of a Joumey in Chili and the Ar- gentine Provinces," in 1849. Ho was in 1850 attached to the Mexican Boundar)' Commiss., and later more known as the leader of the ex- ped. across the Isthmus of Darien. An inter- esting accoimt of this joumey was prepared from his materials by J. T. Headley, and pub. in /luri>a-'s Mu(j. 1855. In 1856, in the steam- er " Arctic," he ascertained by soundings the STR 878 STR practicability of laying an ocean tcleg. cable between America and England. Strange, Robert, LL.D. (Rutg. 1S40), jurist and senator, b. Va. Sept. 20, 1796; d. Feb. 25, 1854. Hamp. Sid. Coll. He studied law ; was with some intermissions a member of the N.C. house of delegates from 1821 to 1826; judge of the Supenor Court 1825-36; and U.S. senator in 1836H10. He resumed his profession, and subsequently became solicit- or of the 5th jud. circuit of the State. Author of" Eonegusici, or the Cherokee Chief," a novel. Stratton, Ch.\eles C, b. N.J. 1796; d. Gloucester Co., N. J., March 30, 1859. Rutg. Coll. 1814. Many years in the State Icgisl. ; M.C. 1837-9 and 1841-3; member Const. Conv. 1844 ; and gov. of N. J. 1844-8. Stratton, Charles S.— See Tom Thumb. Street, Alfred Billings, poet, b. Puugh- keepsie, N.Y., Dee. 18, 1811.,^ Descended from Rev. Nicholas, pastor of the first church in New Haven. His father Randall S., an emi- nent lawyer, d. Monticello, N.Y., in 1841. Al- fred was educated at the Duchess-Co. Acad. ; studied law in the office of his father; practised a few years in Monticello; and since 1839 has resided in Albany, where he has been for some years State librarian. He commenced his lite- rary career at an early age as a poetical writer for the magazines. His first vol., " The Burn- ing of Schenectady, and Other Poems," was pub. 1842; a 2d coll., "Drawings and Tintings," 1 844. His longest publication is " Frontenac, a Tale of the Iroquois in 1696," Lond. 1849. Besides his numerous pieces in periodicals, he has delivered three very able poems before the students of Geneva and Union Colleges, from the latter of which he received in 1841 the hon. degree of A.M. An edition of his poems was pub. in N.Y. in 1847, and another in 2 vols. 1866. In 1859 he pub. two prose vols., " The Council of Revision," a history of the courts of N.Y., with biog. sketches of its governors and judges, from 1777 to 1821 ; " Woods and Waters, or the Saranacs and Racket," a tour in the great wilderness of Northern N. York ; in 1864 " Forest-Pictures in the Adirondacks; " " The Indian Pass," 1 869. Some of his poems have been translated into German. Street, Augcstus Rdssell, philanthro- pist, li. N. Haven, Nov. 5, 1791 ; d. there June 12, 1866. Y^C. 1812. He studied law, but ill-health prevented his pursuing the profes- sion. Inheriting a large fortune, he gave free- ly to benevolent objects. His Alma Mater received nearly $300,000 : he founded the Street professorship of modern languages ; erected the building for the Yale School of Fine Arts, providing for its partial endow- ment ; and also left a handsome legacy for ulti- mately founding the Titus Street professorship in the Yale Theol. Sem. He was an invalid the greater part of his life. In 1843-8 he trav- elled abroad. A dau. m. Admiral Foote, and d. 1863.— y.C. Ohil. Record. Stribling, Cornelius K., rear-admiral U.S.N., b. S.C. Midshipm. June 18, 1812 ; lieut. Apr. 1, 1818 ; com. Jan. 24, 1840 ; capt. Aug. 1, 18.53; commo. July 16, 1862; rear- adm. (ret. list.) July 25, 1866. He was in " The Macedonian " when the Algerine vessels were captured in 1815; com. in April, 1823, two barges on the coast of Cuba, and captured the pirate schooner " Pilot;" commanded ship "Ohio," Pacific squadron, 1848-50; supt. Naval Acad. 1850-3; commanded E.I. squad. 1859-61 ; com. Phila. navy-yard 1863-4; com. Eastern Gulf block, squadron 1864-5; mem- ber light-house board 1867-71. — Hamersli/. Strieker, Gen. John, b. Md. ; d. Balti- more, June 23, 1825. A patriot of the Revol. ; he was also brig.-gen. commanding 3d brigade Md. militia in defence of Bait, in 1814, and disting. in battle of North Point. Pres. of the Bank of Baltimore at his death. Strickland, Lieut.-Col. Samuel, CM., bro. of Agnes Strickland, b. Eng. 1809; emig. to Canada 1825 ; d. Lakefield, U.C, 1867. Au- thor of " 27 Y'ears in Canada West," London, 2 vols. 1853. Strickland, William, architect, b. Phila. 1787 ; d. Nashville, Tenn., 7 Apr. 1854. He studied under Latrobe; established his reputa- tion by planning the Chestnut-street Masonic Hall ; and for many years was employed on the public buildings of Phila., among them the U.S. Bank, the Merchants' E.\change, the U.S. Mint., and the U. S. Naval Asylum. His last great work was the capitol, Nashville, Tenn., begun in 1845, completed in 1857. In 1825 he examined the canal and railway systems of England, and on bis return superintended the building of the railroad between Newcastle and Frenchtown, Md. Member Roy. Soc. of Civil Engrs. and of Amer. Philos. Soc. — Thomas. Strickland, William P., D.D., clergy- man and author, b. Pittsburg, Pa., Aug. 17, 1809. Educated at the Ohio II. Entered the itinerant ministry of the M.E. Church, O., in 1832 ; was for some years agent and sec. of the Amer. Bible Society. Removing to N. Y'ork in 1856, he has since been connected with the Meth. Book Concern, and assoc. ed. Christ. Ad- vocate and ./our. In 1862 he was chaplain of the 48th N.Y. Regt. at Port Royal, S.C. He has pub. " History of the American Bible So- ciety," 1849; "'History of Methodist Mis- sions," 1850; "Genius and Mission of Meth- odism," 1851 ; " Christianity Demonstrated," 1852; "Memoir of Rev. James B. Finley," 1853; "A Treatise on Biblical Literature," 1853; "The Light of the Temple," a Masonic- work, 1854 ; " The Astrologer of Chaldaea," 1856; "Pioneers of the West," 1856; "Life and Times of Francis Asbury," 1858; "Life of Jacob Gruber," 1859; and "Old Macki- naw," 1860. He has edited the Literari/ Casket, the Western Amer. Review, and has contributed to several magazines, and to Appleton's "New Cyclopedia." Stringer, Samuel, physician. b. Md. 1734; d. Albany, July 11, 1817. He studied medi- cine in Phila. under Dr. Bond; was in 1755 app. by Gov. Shirley to the med. dept. of the army ; and was in the cimpaign of 1758 at Ti- condcroga. After the war he settled and m. in Albany. In 1775-7 he was director-gen. of hospitals in the northern dept., and aceomp. the troops in the invasion of Canada. Resum- ing practice at Albany, he was until his death one of the first physicians and surgeons in that vicinity.— r^acAcr. 879 Stringham, James S., M. D. (Edinb. 1799), physician, b. New York 1775; d. St. Croix. 23 June, 1817. Col. Coll. 1793. He abandoned the study of theology for that of medicine, which he first pursued under Drs. Bard and liosack of New York. He was prof, of chemistry in Col. Coll. in 1802-13; in 1813-17 he was prof, of med. jurisp. in the Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, and mjiy be regarded as the founder of that science (upon which he was the first to lecture) in this country. Beside his inaugural, " Dc ALsorhentmin Si/s- tematc," he contrib. essays and papers to the medical journals. Dr. S. was one of the most efficient of the early promoters of science in this country. He was a physician of the N.Y. Hospital, and was a member of the Roy. Med. Soc. of Edinburgh, and fdlow of the N.Y. Literary, Pliilos., and Historical Societies. — Thaclier. Stringham, Silas Horton, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Middletown, N.Y., Nov. 7, 1798. Midshipman, Nov. 15, 1809; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814; he served in "The President," Com. Uodgers, till 1815, witnessing the affairs with "The Little Belt" and "The Belvidcre." Transferred in 1 SI 5 to the brig "Spark," one of Decatur's squadron, he took part in the Al- gerine war. In 1819 he was lieut. in "The Cyane," which conveyed the first settlers to Li- beria ; placed in com. of a boat to search for slavers, he captured 4, and was sent home with his prizes. Made 1st lieut. in 1821, he was ordered to " The Hornet," on the W.I. station, and aided in the captm-e of a notorious pirate- ship and slaver. Master com. March 3, 1831 ; capt. Sept. 8, 1841; in 1842 ordered to the razee " Independence ; " and in 1846 took com. of " The Ohio," and took part in the bom- bardment of Vera Cruz ; he then com. the Brazil squadron ; in 1851 the Gosport navy- yard; in 1852-5 the Mediterranean squadion, his flagship being " The Cumberland ; " in March," 1861, he was app. flag-officer of the At- lantic block, squad., and ordered to " The Minnesota " as his flagship. With Gen. B. F. Butler, he com. the joint naval and military cxped. which captured Forts Hatteras and Clark, Aug. 27 and 28. Sept. 28 he was re- lieved from com. at his own request ; July 16, 1862, he was made a rear-adm. on the retired list; now <1871) port-adm. New York. Strong, Caleb, LL.D. (H.U. 1801), gov. of Ms., h. Northampton, Ms., Jan. 9, 1745 ; d. there Nov. 7, 1819. H.U. 1764. He studied law, but did not establish himself in practice till 1772. He took a decided part in the cause of liberty; was in 1775 app. one of the com. of safety; in 1776-80 was an active member of the legisl. ; councillor 1780; in 1779 assisted in forming the State const ; in 1787 that of the U.S., and exerted lumsclf in the State Con- vention to procure its ratification. App. in 1781 to a seat on the supreme bench, he de- clined the oflice; in 1789-97 he w;xs a U.S. senator; and gov. of Ms. in 1800-7 and 1812- 16, — the difficult period of the last war with England. As a Federalist, he opposed the war ; and his conduct was severely cetisured by his political opponents. When requisition was made upon him for troops, ho, in common with the whole Federal party of N. Eng., denied the right of the Pres. upon constitutional grounds. Though Gov. Strong so positively declined answering calls which he considered unconstitu- tional, he was ready to adopt every measure which the safety of state demanded ; and, as it was amply defended, no evil resulted from the diftercnce bet^veen the State and National au- thorities. — See his Lift- by Alden Bradford, 8vo, 1820; Strong Famili/ hy'B. \V. Dwirjlil, 2 vols. 8vo, 1871. Strong, Gex. Geokge C, b. Stockbridge, Vt., 1832; d. July 30, 1863, from wounds re- ceived in the assault on Fort Wagner, Charles- ton harbor. West Point, 1857. Losing his father, he was adopted in the family of his uncle, A. L. Strong of Easthampton, Ms. At West Point he held the post of 1st capt. of cadets 3 years. Placed on the staff of Mc- Dowell at Bull Run, he was highly compli- mented for efficiency at that battle ; he next scn-ed on McClellan's staff, but was detailed as ordnance-officer by Gen. Butler to the dept. of the Gulf. He disting. himself at Biloxi, and in the hazardous adventure up the Tangipahoa River. Brig.-gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; capt. ordnance 3 Mar. 1863. He was a brave and skilful officer, and led the assaiUting column at Fort Wagner 18 July, 1863, with veteran courage and judgment. Author of " Cadet Life at West Point," 1862. — Culliim. Strong, James, D.D. (Wesl. U. 1856), theol. writer, b. N.Y. Cit3', Aug. 14, 1822. Wesl. U. 1S44. From 1858 to Dec. 1861 he was prof of biblical lit., and acting pres. of Troy U., N.Y. ; prof of exeg. theol. in Drew Theol. Sera., Madison, N. J., since 1868. He pub. a " Harmony and Exposition of the Gos- pels," 1854 ; and, on a similar plan, a " Greek Harmony of the Gospels," 1854; " Manuals of Greek and Hebrew Grammar ; " " Outlines of Theology;" "Appeal to Sunday-school Ef- forts ; " articles in the Meth. Quarterli/ Review and Christum Advocate and Journal. With Rev. Dr. MeClintock, he prepared the " CyclopiE- dia of Biblical, Theol., and Eccles. Literature." Strong, James H., commo. U.S.N., b. Canandaigua, N.Y., Apr. 26, 1814. Son of Judge Elisha B. Midshipm. Feb. 2, 1829; lieut. Sept. 1841 ; com. Apr. 24, 1861; capt. Aug. 5, 1865; commo. Mar. 1870; com. steamer "Mohawk," 1861; steamer "Flag," 1862; and steam-sloop "Monongahela," 1863-5. In Nov. 1863 he conveyed a division of Gen. Banks's army to Brazos, and aided in capture of battery at Arkansas Pass. At the battle of Mobile Bay, " The Monong.ahela " attacked the rebel ram " Tennessee," and forced her to sur- render. Strong, Nathan, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1801), scholar and theologian, b. Coventry, Ct., 5 Oct. 1748; d. Hartford, Dec. 25, 1816. Y.C. 17G9; tutor 1772-3. Son of Rev. Nathan. Ord. pastor of the First Church in Hartford, Jan. 5, 1774. In the Revol. war he was a patriot, and a chaplain in the army ; in talents, learning, and usefulness he held th^ first rank among his associates in the ministry. He pub. 2 vols, of sermons, 1798-1800; and "The Doctrine of Eternal Misery Consistent with the Inf. Bencv. of God," a vol. in vindication of the doctrine of future punishincnt, 1. in 1830 a trans- lation, with notes, of Greppo's "Essay on the Hieroglyphic System of diampo'l.on Elect- ed prof, of Greek andLatmin the Coll. ot b.C., he resided in Columbia some years. Returning to Hariiford, he was for many years proprietor of the Wyllis Estate, on which stood the Char- ter Oak. He wrote a " Life of Nathan Hale, 1856; "Hartford in the Olden Time," 1853; and an elaborate Life of Jonathan Tmmbnll, ■1857; and edited, with Notes, the "CEdipus Tvrannus "of Sophocles, pub. 1 837. He was three times a member of the Ct. senate, and was an orator of unusual excellence. — UbU. Record Yak, 1862. ^ „ , .„ • i r. Stuart, Gen. James E. B., b. Patrick Co., '^tfi/Cil^. ^ /v ■I ^ STU 881 Va., 1832; killed near Richmond, Va.,May 11, 1864. West Point, 1854. Ist licut. 1st Cav. Dec. 20, 1855 ; disting. himself in a fight with the Choyennes, June 29, 1857, when he was se- verely wounded; became capt. 22 Apr. 1861 ; and resigned May 14, 1861. App. col. of a regt. of Va. cav. ; com. all the Confed. cav. at Bull Run ; disting. himself at Lewinaville, Va., Sejjt. 13, 1861; made brig.-gen. Sept. 1861; maj.-gen. in 1862 ; conducted a brilliant incnr- sion within Gen. McClcllan's lines on the Pa- munkey, June 13, 1862, destroying much prop- erty, and causing very great alarm ; suqirised Gen. Pope's headquarters at Catlett's Station, near the Rappahannoi-k, Aug. 22 ; and, with 1,800 cavalry and 4 guns, passed from south of the Potomac, Oct. 9, crossing lietween Wil- liamsport and Hancock on the right wing of Gen. McClellan's army, traversed ild., and, Oct. 1 0, entered Chambcrsburg, which was surren- dered without resistance, took a great quantity of spoil, and destroyed a vast amount of valua- ble property, and, retreating, crossed the Poto- mac on McClellan's left ; thus making a circuit of his army without loss. lie was justly re- garded as a cavalry-officer of great merit. He m. a dau. of Gen. Philfp St. George Cooke. At Beverly Ford, Va., and in Md. and Pa. dur- ing the Gettysburg campaign, he was invaria- bly worsted "by the Federal cavalry. He did good service in protecting Lee's army on its retreat from Gettysburg. He was mortally wounded in an encounter with Sheridan's cav- alry at Yellow Tavern, and died a day or two afterwards. Stuart, JoHS, D.D., founder of the Eng- lish Church in Upper Canada, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Feb. 24, 1740; d. Kingston, U.C, Aug. 15, 1811. His father Andrew was arigidPres- byterian. Young Stuart having made a voyage to Eng., where he was ord. priest, returned to Phila. ab. 1770, and for 7 years officiated as a missionary among the Indians of the Mohawk Valley. For them he made a translation of the New Testament into the Mohawk language. Refusing allegiance to the revolted Colonies, he fled to Canada in 1781 ; was soon after chaplain in a prov. regt. ; and as a missionary travelled through the upper province, where he labored with energy and success; in 1786 he settled at Kingston, and for some time previ- ous to his death was chaplain to the legislative council. His son Sir James, LL.D., an emi- nent Canadian jurist, chief justice of Lower Canada, b. Fort Hunter, N.Y., JIar. 2, 1780, d. Quebec, July 14, 1853. Created a baronet in 1840, called to the bar in 1801, solicitor-gen. 1805-9, atty.-gen. 1822-32, chief justice of L.C. 1838-53. AsDREW, his second son, also a disting. jurist, and solicitor-gen. of L. Cana- da, b. Kingston, 1786, d. Quebec, Feb. 21, 1840. Un. Coll. To the Quebec Historical Society's " Trnns. " he contrib. " Notes on the Saguenay Country," a paper on the "Ancient Etrus- cans," and "Detached Thoughts upon the History of Civilization." — Monjan. Stuart, Sir John-, a British gen., h. Ga. 1761; d.C!ifton,En5., I April,1815. Johnhis father came to Ga. with Oglethorpe, became lu- dinn agent and one of the council, m. Miss Fen- wick, dau. of a wealthy citizen of Charleston, S.C, was a loya': ■■, :!lrl ■1 ;■! rn-. His son was educated at \'- : - ninl; entered the3dFootGu:.r-l .. -; s^wdimder Comwallis; an.M- r i; V wounded at the battle of Guil :tonl. . lie attained distinc- tion in the wars gromng out of the French rcvok, and, while com. the British troops in Sicily, gained 4 July, 1 806, the splendid victo- ry of Maiila over the French Gen. Rcgnicr. For this service he received the Order of the B.ath, a gold medal, the thanks of pi'.rliamenf, and the freedom of the city of London. IIo was subsequently lieut.-gov. of Grenada, and d. a licut.-gi n. and com.-in-chief of the West- ern District. Stuart, Rev. Moses, D.D., theologian and philologist, b. Wilton, Ct., 26 J.Iarch, 1780; d. Andover, Ms., 4 Jan. 1852. Y.C. 1799 ; tutor 1 802-4. Adm. to the bar in Danbmy, Ct., Nov. 1802; studied theology ; ord. pastor of the 1 st Church, N. Haven, 5 Mar. 180G ; and wa^ ])rof of sacred lit. in And. Thcol. Sein. 2S March, 1810-43. He was an excellent pulph-orator, possessing a sonorous voice and a commanding and impassioned manner, and a teacher of dis- ting. usefulness and success. He pub. a " He- brew Grammar" in 1813, and another in 1831 ; commentaries on the Hclircws, Romans, Reve- lation, and the books of Daniel, of Ecclesias- tes, and of Proverbs ; a vol. of "Miscellanies," 1846; "Conscience and the Constitutimi," a defence of the policy of Daniel Webster, ls50; "Hebrew Crestomathy," 1829_; "Letters to Dr. Channing on Rc'li^ious Libert v," 1830; "The Mode of Christian Baptism," 1 8.33 ; " Grammar of the New-Tcstanv-nt Dialect," 1834; "Hints on the Prophecies," 1842; " Scriptural View of the Wine Question," 1848; and a large number of contribs. to the periodical press. Stuber, Dk. Hen-ry, b. Phila. ah. 1770; d. there ab. 1792. Of German origin. He was a pupil of Dr. Kunze in Greek, Latin, and German, when that divine was connected with the U. of Pa. He studied medicine, obtained a situation in one of the public offices of the U.S. govt., and was engaged in the study of law when he died, still very young. IIo wrote for the journals of the day ; and to the early editions of Franklin's Autobiography added a continuation, giving an historical account of his discoveries in electricity. — J. W. Francis, in SparL-s's Franklin. Sturges, JosATHAN, LL.D. (Y.C. 1806), jurist, b. Fairfield, Aug. 23, 1740; d. there Oct. 4, 1819. Y.C. 1759. He became a law- yer. In 1774 was a delegate to Congress; M.C. in 1789-92 ; judge of the Supreme Court of Ct. in 1792-1805. Sturgis, Samcel Davis, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Shippenshurg, Pa., 1822. West Point, 1846. Entering the 2d Dragoons, he served in the Mexican war, and was made prisoner while on a reconnoissance before the battle of Biiena Vista, but was .soon e.xchangcd. He subsequently served in Cal., New Mexico, and the Territories, and for his energy and skill against the Indians was made capt. 3 Mar. 1855. He com. at Fort Smith, Ark., until 1861. All his officers resigned, ami joined the Southern Confederacy; and he evacuated STXT the fort on his own responsibility, thus saving his com. and tlie govt, property. May 3 lio was app. major 4th Cav., and served in Mo. under Uen. Lyon, whom he succeeded in com. after his death, at tlie battle of Wilson's Creek ; Aiii;. 10, 1861, lie was made brig.-gen. vols., a^signid to the array in Tenn., and afterward com. the dept. of Kansas ; in 1862 he was called to Washington, and assigned to the com. of tlie luriilications around the city. At the bat- tles of South Mountain, Antietara, and Fred- ericksburg, he com. the 2d division 9th army corps. Engaged at the battle of Fredericks- bnrg 13 Dec. 1862 ; in operations in Ky. Apr.- July, 18G3 ; chief of cavalry, dept. of the Ohio, July, 1863, to Apr. 1 364, capturing Gen. Vance aud his onnminnd 13 Jan. 1864; en- gaged at Bolivar, r.^ni , M May, 1864; and exped. against i.'ii I'.mT.r, and in the combat near Guntowii, .Mpi-, In ./unf, 1864; lieut.-col. 6th Cav. Oct. 27, 1»63; col. 7th Cav. 6 May, 1SG9; brev. col. for Fredericksburg; brig, and maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. — CuUum. Stuyvesant, Petek, the last Dutch gov. of N.Y., b. Holland, 1602 ; d. N.Y. City, Aug. 1682. He served in the war in the W. Indies; becamedirectorof the colony of Curaf'oa ; and, having lost a leg in an unsuccessful attack on the Portuguese island of St. Martin, returned to Holland in 1644. Gov.of N.Y. 1647-64. He exerted himself vigorously to repress the en- croach iiKaits of the Swedes and English, and in IG.'i") •.'■••'.. ,! ^ .'. Ii,h fort Casirair, afterwards call 1 I I : , 111 Delaware Bay. An ex- pLil. . 1 rulonel, Nichols, compelled him i<> . a: i:a,,i: ■ l'7 Aug. 1664; and the New Nethniamls hri'aiiie an Eng. possession. He returned to Holland to report to his superior, and subsequently resided on his farm in N.Y. He had two sons by his wife Judith Bayard. He conciliated the Indians, and made honorable treaties respecting boundaries with the people of Ct., and was dignified, honest, and true, but aristocratic and arbitrary. Irving has immortulized him in the hum'orous pages of " Knickerbocker." Sucr^ (soo'-kra), GE>f. Antonio Jose DE, iKxt to Bolivar, the greatest benefactor of S. America, h. Cumana, Venezuela, 1793; as- sassinated while on his wav to Pasto, New Granada, in 1830, by order o'f the traitor Gen. Obando. Was educated at Caraccas. Entered the arniv in 1811, and com. the patriots at the battle of Pichincha (May 24, 1822), b^ whictfe was secured the indep. of Colombia; in June, 1 823, he was elected com. in chief of the patriot forces in Peru; Dec. 9, 1824, gained the battle of Ayucueho, the most brilliant ever fought in S. America, and which secured the independ- ence of Peru. He afterwards liberated Bo- livia, and was in J826 app. by the Congress of that republic pres. for life, the revol. in Peru in 1827, which overthrew the govt, of Bolivar, exerted an unfavorable influence in Bolivia; and an insurrection took place, in which Sucre was attacked and dangerously wounded. On his recovery in Aug. 1828 he resigned, and re- turned to Colombia, and was at once made com. of the Colombian Army of the South, and political chief of the southern dept. of the Colombian republic ; in this capacity he led his troops in a series of military operations which terminated in the defeat and ca])ituUition of the Peruvians, under Gen. Lamar, at Tar- qui, Feb. 26, 1829. He was the first pres. the Cont. Congress of Bogota in 1830, and was delegated by that body as one of the commiss. to propose friendly terms with Venezuela. When this mission had proved unsuccessful, and the Congress had closed its labors, he was proceeding to the southern departments to appease certain disturbances which had arisen under Gen. Flores, when he met his untimely fate. Sullivan, James, LL. D. (H. U. 1780), statesman and jurist, b. Berwick, Me., Apr. 22, 1744; d, Boston, Dec. 10, 1808, Bro. of Gen. Juhn. John I is father, a man of liberal educa- tion, came from Ireland in 1723, and d. July, 1793, a. 104. JauK's was intended for a niiii- tary liic; bul the fracture of alimb caused him to study 1,1 V mil. r lii> lau., and he pi'aetised some yen . ' 1: : : 1. receiving in 1770 theapp. cili. -,i!i. I r York Co. He took an early an i .. ;i\. pni m the Revol. move- ment ; was a nieinlicr ot the Prov. Congress of Ms. (of which Maine then formed a part) in 1775, and with two*others executed ably a diflScult mission to Ticonderoga. Early in 1776 he was app. ajudgeof the Superior Court, which post he resigned in Feb. 1782 ; in 1779- 80 he was a member of the State Const. Conv. ; in 1784-5 he was a delegate to Congress, and he was repeatedly chosen a re|)iesentative of Boston (whither he had removed) in the legisl. ; in 1784 he was a commiss. to settle the con- troversy between JIs. and N. Y. respecting their claims to Western lands; in 1787 he was of the exec, council, and judge of pro- bate for Suffolk Co.; atty.-gen. 1790-June, 1807, when he was elected gov. by the Repub- lican party, and re-elected in 1808. He was one of the commiss. app. by Washington for settling the boundaries between the U.S. and the British Provinces; he was the jirojector of the Middlesex Caii ;l, - ii-i ipi, d under the superintendence ol 111 i ! : I. ; a member ot the Amcr. Acail. i - ii mcs from its institution ; a jiiihii.al i i 1. r and many years pres. of the iMs, Hist. .Society. He pub. "Observations on the Govt, of the U.S.," 1791 ; "A Dissertation on the Stability of the States ; " " The Path to Riches, or IJisserta- Historv of Maine," 1795; )f the" Causes, &c., of the 1798; "Curresp. with Col. Historv of Lan.l-Titles in tation'on the Const. Lib- 801 ; " A Historv of the ntheMs. Hist. "Culls,;" The Altar of Baal Torn Down," 8vo, 1795. His Life, with selections from bis writ- ings, by his grandson Thos. C. Amory, was pub. 2 vols. 8vo, 1859. Sullivan, John, LL.D. (H.U. 1780). maj.- gen. Revol. army, b. Berwick, Me., Feb. 17, 1740; d. Durham, N.II., Jan. 23, 1795. He practised law with success in Durham, and from 1772 held the commission of major. In 1774 he was a member of the first Gen. Con- gress, and in Dec. led, with John Langdon, a force against Fort William and Mary, near tion on Banks ; " " Impartial Reviev French Revol.," 8vi Pickering," J 808; Ms.," 1801; "Diss crty of the Press," Penobscot Indians,' and Portsmouth, and took 100 barrels of frunpowder (afterward used at Bunker's Hill), 15 cannon, small-arms, and stores; June 22, 1775, he was app. by Congress a brig.-gen., and com. on Winter Hill at the siege of Boston ; after the evacuation he was sent with re-en forceraents to the northern army in Canada, of which ho took com. June 2, 1776; planned the unsuc- cessful attack upon the British at Trois Rivieres, and, in efFecting his retreat from the Province, displayed skill and resolution. Con- gress having app. Gates to that dcpt., Sullivan joined the army under Washington. Made a maj.-gen. Aug. 10, 1776, he acted under Put- nam on Lon;: Island, and on the disastrous day of Aug. 27, 1776, was taken prisoner, but was soon exchanged for Gen. Prescott, and was with Washington in the autumn at West- chester. After Lee's capture, Sullivan took com. of his division, led the right at Trenton, did good sen'ice at Princeton, and during the rest of the season protected the lines at Morris- town ; Aug. 22, 1777, he made a descent on Staten Island, which came near being success- ful. He com. the right wing at Brandywine, and was fully exonerated by Washington and Lafayette from the charge of being responsible for that defeat. He defeated and drove the British left at Germantown ; but mistakes on the Amer. left, occasioned by the fog, changed a victory into a repulse. In Aug. 1778 he com. in Rhode Island; but deprived of the expected co-operation of D'Estaing's fleet, upon which success depended, Sullivan was obliged to raise the siege. At Butt's Hill, on the 29th, he repulsed the enemy, and withdrew from the island wiih slight loss. In 1779 he com. an exped. against the Indians of the Six Nations, laid waste their settlements, and, Aug. 29, in- flicted a severe defeat on the Indians under Brant, and Tories under Sir John Johnson, at Newtown, in Western N. Y. Owing to his shattered health, he then resigned, and received a vote of thanks from Congress. In the au- tumn of 17S0 he again took his seat in Con- gress, and was chairman of the com. which aided in suppressing the mutiny of the Pa. troops in 1781. Resuming practice in N.H., he was atty.-gen. in 1782-6, and was in 1786- 9 president of the State ; member of the State Const. Conv. of 1784 ; St.ate conncillor 1785 ; a commissioner to settle the " New-Hampshire grant " trouble with Vt. In 1786 he saved the State from anarchy by his intrepidity and good management, and in 1788 secured the adojition of the Federal Constitution. From 1789 till his death he was U.S. judge of N.H. His Life, by O. W. B. Peabody, is in Sparks's "Amer. Biog. ;" and another, by Thomas C. Amory, was pub. 1868. His youngest son, George (b. 29 Aug. 1771, d. 14 June, 18.38, H.U. 1790), was an eminent lawver. M. C. 1811-13 ; atty.gen. of N.H. IS06-7' and 1816- 36. He published orations, addresses, and pamphlets. Sullivan, John Langdox, M.D. (Y.C. 1837), engineer and inventor, son of Gov. James, b. Saco, Me., Apr. 9, 1777 ; d. Boston, Feb. 9, 1865. H.U. 1807. After engaging in mercantile business, he travcllid in Europe, studying the construction of canals in France andEng.; andin 1804 wasapp.agentandengr. of the Middlesex Canal, between Boston and Concord, N.H., and for the improvement of the Merrimack. He invented a steam tow-boat, for which he received a p.itent in 1814 in prefer- ence to Fulton, his priority of discovery being fully shown. In 1824 he was app. by Pres. Mom-oe associate civil engr. of the board of int. improvements ; which post he resigned in 1825, after reporting the practicability of a canal across the Alleghanies. In 1837 he en- gaged in the practice of medicine at New Haven ; afterward adopted the homoeopathic system, and made some important inventions and discoveries both in medicine and surgery. In 1847 ho removed to New York. Sullivan, William, LL.D. (H.U. 1826), lawyer and scholar, b. Saco, Me., 30 Nov. 1774; d. Boston 3 Sept. 1839. H.U. 1792. Son of Gen. James. He acquired a lucrative practice at the Suffolk bar ; was frequently a member of the legisl. and council of Ms. be- tween 1804 and 1830; a delegate to the State Const. Conv. of 1820; brig.-gen. of militia; and was a member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences, of the Ms. Hist. Soe., and of the Amer. Philos. Soc. He was an elegant belles-lettres scholar, and a persuasive orator. He pub., he- sides addresses, " Familiar Letters on the Public Men of the Revol.," 1834, in vin- dication of the Federal party ; " Sea-Life," 1837 ; " Political Class-Book," 1830 ; " Moral Class-Book," 1833; "Hist. Class-Book;" " Historical Causes and Effects," 1837. To an enlarged edition of " The Public Men of the Rcvol.," Phila. 1847, his Life was prefixed by his son, John Tdrner Saroeant, b. Bos- ton, 1813, d. there 30 Dec. 1848. He was educated in Germany; practised Law in Phila. and St. Louis ; and was the author of many well-known songs and translations from the German. His social and convivial qualities were extraordinary. Sully, Alfred, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Pa. ab. 1820. West Point, 1841. Entering the 2d Inf., he served in Florida war 1841-2 ; at the siege of Vera Cruz, Mex.,Mar. 1847 ; capt. 2d Inf. 23 Feb. 1862; col. 1st Minn. Vols. 22 Feb. 1862 ; maj. 8th Inf. 15 Mar. 1862 ; brig.- gen. vols. 26 Sept. 1862 ; lieut.-col. 3d Inf. 28 July, 1866; assigned to 19th Inf. 15 Dec. 1870. He com. a brigade in the Peninsular campaign ; and was brev. lieut.-col. 1 June, 1862, for Fair Oaks; col. 1 July, 1862, for Malvern Hill; was engaged at South Mountain, Antictam, Fredericksburg, and Chaneellorsville ; com. a brigade in Dakotah in 186.3-6; and 13 Mar. 1865 was brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. for gallant and merit, services in campaign against the In- dians in the North-west, and at the baiilc of White-stone Hill, Dak. Terr., 3 Sept. 1863.— Culhm. Sully, Thomas, painter, b. Hornrastic, Lincolnshire, Eng., June, 1783. He came to the U.S. with his parents, who were players, in 1792, and began to paint in 1798 at Charleston, S.C. He established himself as a port.-painter in Richmond, Va., in 180.3, and a few years after in N.Y., where he had a lucrative practice. In 1809 he went to Phila.. where he has since resided , specially excel ling in delineating female 884 sum: loveliness. Among his large works are full- lengths of George Frederic Cooke as " Richard the Third," Dr. Renjamin Rusli, Commodore Decatur, Jefferson, and Lafayette. His well- known picture of " Washington crossing the Delaware" is in possession of the Boston Mu- seum. During a visit to Eng. in 1837-8, he painted a full-length of Queen Victoria, es- teemed a very faitliful likeness. His portraits of Cooke, Mrs. Wood the singer, and Fanny Kemble, are among the most successful of his efforts. Summerfield, John, an eloquent preach- er, b. Prestoa, Kiig. Jan. 31, 1798; d. N.Y. June 13, 1825. A..\I. of N.J. Coll. 1822. He was educated at a Moraviim school ; was des- tined liy his lather for the Mcth. ministry, and exhibited great precocity of intellect, but, fall- ing into bad habits, was at one time in prison in Liverpool. His father removed to Dublin in 1813, where, at the age of 19, the son joined the Wesleyan soriety. Becoming a preacher in the Irish conf. in 1819, he in 1821 came with his father to Amer., and was received as a preacher in the N.Y. conf. In 1822 he visited Phila., Baltimore, and Washington : hut his constitution, naturally feeble, gave way ; and, to restore his health, he sailed in December for France. After visiting Eng., he returned to N.Y. in April, 1824, with little improvement of health, but continued to travel, and to preach with great success, and aided in founding the Amir. 'rr;irt Sorirtv. His "Sermons, and Ski'trlic^ 1,1 s 1 PI HIS," were pub. in N.Y., one vol. Sii,, ami a Hii^L^iaphv, by John Holland, 8vo, >\Y. ls-:i. Summers, Thomas Osmond, D.D., clergyman, b. near Corfo Castle, Dorsetshire, Eng.; Oct U, 1812. He came to the U.S. in his 18th year. Became a Meth. in 1832; began to preach in 1834 ; adm. to the Baltimore conf. in 1835 ; and app. on tlie Augusta cir- cuit, Va., where he had to travel 250 miles, and preach 30 sermons, a month. In Dec. 1840 he was one of the 9 preachers who con- stituted the first Texas conf. ; in 1 844 he was a member of that of Ala. ; sec. of the conv. at Louisville, Kv., at whidi Clie M.E. Church south was uiu I'li I 111 1 111 1846 was app. assist, editor 1 • 'nixtian Adonnate, and chairman 1 ' • ■ i i ,,iimpile the new hvmn-book ; in 1 • i 1|. -a a . rlretcdby thoGcn. Conf. its editor of books and tracts, of the 6''/h- daji-sdmol I7s(ior, and in 1858 also of its Quar- tmi/ Ri'view. He has been see. of every general conlcrcnce. Beside numerous tracts and painplilcts, he has written "A Treatise on Bapii-ni," "A Treatise on Holiness," "The Sunday-School Teacher," " Seasons, Months, and Days," " Talks Pleasant and Profitable," " The cJolden Cciiscr," " Scripture Catechism," 2 vol^., aad a " Refutation of Thomas Paine's Theological Writini;s." Sumner, Ch.vrles, LL.D. (H.XJ. 1859), orator and statesman, b. Boston, Jan. 6, 1811. H.U. 18.10; Camb. Law School, 1834. Job, his grandfather, major Revol. armv. d. 16 Sept. 1789. Charles Pinckney. his father (b. Milton, Ms., 20 Jan. 1776, d. Boston 2 Apr. 1839, H.U. 1796), high sheriff of Suffolk Co. 182.5-39, pub. " Eulogy on Washington," 1800; " The Compass," a poem, del. at H.U. Sept. 179.5 ; and delivered addresses and poems on various occasions. Charles began practice at Boston, 1834, and was app. reporter of the Circuit Court; lectured to the Camb, Law Srhool in 1835-7, 1843; travelled in Kiiro|„- in l^:::-10, 1857-S, and in 1851 succeed.-il D mill \\i !,-t r as U.S. senator. After the ilrlnn-y ofhis famous speech, "The Crime against Kansas," May 19-20, 1856, he was assaulted, while in his seat, by Preston S. Brooks, M.C. from S. Carolina, and so severely injured as to be un- able to resume bis public duties for 3 or 4 years. He took an active ]iart as a public speaker in opposition to the anntxatiou of Texas, in sup- port of Van Burcn for the presidency in 1S48, and was identified with the peace and anti- slavery movements of the day. In the senate ho opposed the fugitive-slave act in a speech, in whiih he declared, " Freedom is national, and sUu-rvv seriiiiiial " III the ilrliates on the rr|i.;.I of il- Mi--i.ii)i C.iini.riiini-.^an.i on the (■..im-t in K 111-,,-, li,' t...ik a l,'ai|)n- part. On was on " The IJarbarisin ot si,,\ i , ," ,1 t, 1860. He etu-ly proposed em,: , ,■ speediest method of ending III' I, n-l from Mar. 4, 1861, to 187ii. \v,i- ,1, ,ii i,,,iii ,.f the senate com. on foreign atliurs. In 1,'^31 he became chief editor of the Amer. Jurist ; edited "Dunlapon Admiralty," 1836 ; 3 vols.of Cir- cuit-Ct. Reports, 1829-39; with J. C. Per- kins, edited Vesey's " Chaiinn T?'i„,iiv" M vols. 8vo; wrote for GaVi.jnn \< a defence of our N.E. boun 1 , ,, ,1 .•-uggested to Mr. Wheaton a w , , k mi i',, !,aw of Nations, Among his orations, speeches, are '■ llie rriie Orandeur of Nations," 1845; ■■ The .'^.■liiilar, the Jurist, the Artist, the l'l,ilaiuhro| i-t," 1846; "Fame and Glorv," 1847; " White Slavery in thi' I'll i, ill 1 Sill'.," 1847; "Law of Human I'l i ; " Finger-Point from Plynioir i: I ;; " Landmark of Freedom," 1 ^,'4 : '11,- .Vnn- slavery Enterprise," 1855; "Position and Duties of the Merchant," 1855 ; " Our Foreign Relations," 1863 ; " The Case of the Florida," 1864; "The Provisions of the Decl. of In- dep. ; " " Eulogy on Abraham Lincoln," 1865 ; " The National Seouritv and the National Faith," 1865; "Our Claims on England," Apr. 13, 1869. A coll. of his speeches was pub. 2 vols. 18.50; recent speeches and ad- dresses, 1856 ; his complete works, with a Memoir by Dr. Charles A. Phelps, are now in press (Lee & Shepard, Boston, 1870-2). Sumner, Edwin Vose, maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Boston, Ms., J.in. 1796 : d. Syracuse, N.Y., Mar. 21, 1863. Son of Seth. His youth was passed at Jlilton : and his early education was reri ill 1 :,( ih ::. ,1,1. thcrc. At 15 he entered a 11, I : ■ 'li-hmcnt at Montreal, and in 1-1 i, 111-11, I I ii same career with Stephen llijjiii 1 I. I II , 111 Boston. App. in March, IMo, J I ii lit _il Inf., he served in the Black- Ilimk »ai ; l-t lieut. July, 1823; capt. 2d Di.iyoons, Marrh, 1833 ; served manyyearson the Indian I'loiuier; maj. 2d Dragoons, June 30, 1846; in April, 1847, led the famous cavalry charge at Cerro Gordo ; wounded, and brevet- tcd lieut.-col. ; disting. at Contreras and Churu- sum: 885 sum: bnsco ; and at Molino del Rcy com. the entire cavalry, holding in check 5,000 Mexican lan- cers; for his gallantry brev. col.; disting. in Col. Harney's affair at Medelin, Mex., Mar. 2.5, 1847; lieut. -col. 1st Drags. July 13, 1848; col. Mar. 3, 18.i5 ; milit. gov. of N. Mexico 1851-3, when selected for special duty in Europe. In July, 1857, he led a successful exjied. against lhe"Cheyennes, whom he defeated at Solomon's Fork of the Kansas River. In March, 1861, he superseded Gen. A. S. Johnston iu the com. of the Pacific dept. ; became brig.-gen. Mar. 16, ISGl ; maj.-gcn. U.S. Vols. July 11, 1862 ; brev. maj.--un. U.S.A. May 21, 1862. He com. the Ist corps in the Army of the Potomac ; com. tlie left wing at the siege of Yorktown ; and was in all the battles of the Peninsula, and twice wounded. At Fair Oaks he ren- dered most important service, and earned his promotion. Assigned to com. the 2d corps on the re-organization of the army, he was wounded at Antictam ; and at Fredericksburg, 13 Dec. ofti eft two sons, Edwin n., and Samuel S., both capts. of U.S.A. George, M.D., physician, and prof, of boianv at Trin. Coll., Hartford, b. Pom- fret, Ct., Dec" 19, 1793; d. Hartford, B'eb. 20, 1855. Y.C. 1813. lie studied med. at New Haven and at Phila. ; established himself in Hartford in 1819, and for several years deliv- ered lectures on botany to young ladies. In 1820 he pub. a compendium of Physiological and Systematic Botany. Sumner, George, son of C. P., and bro. of Charles, b. Boston, Feb. :., 1^17 ; .1. tlirro Oct. 6, 1863. He studied ai ll m I. ]ii. Asia, and Africa, acquainiing liini^' II « nh m- ternat. law, the codes politic, instituliuus and philanthropic organizations, of each coun- try. To his labors, in conjunction with those of Dr. S. G. Howe, we owe the establishment here of schools for idiots. He was often con- sulted by foreign govts, upon questions of polit. economy; and such men as Humboldt and De Tocqueville paid tribute to his learning and accuracy. Between Nov. 1 and Mar. 15, 1860, he delivered 102 lectures in the U.S. He ])ub. Memoirs of the Pilgrims at Levden, " Ms. Hist. Colls.," 3d scr. vol. ix. : " The Pa. System of Prison Discipline," 1847; "Progress of Re- form in France," 1853; oration bcf. the city authorities of Boston, July 4,1859. Author also of many articles in American and foreign periodicals. — Altibone. Sumner, Incre.ise, LL.D., judge, and gov. of Ms. 1797-9, b. Roxbury, Nov. 27, 1746; d. June 7, 1799. H.U. 1767. His an- cestor William, of Oxfordshire, Eng., settled in Dorchester, Ms., ab. 1635, and held various public offices. Increase his father, a prosper- ous farmer, d. Nov. 28, 1774. The son taught school at Roxbury two years, studied law in the office of Samuel Qnincy, was adm. to tlie bar in 1770, and commenced practice in Rox- burv. Representative in 1776-80 ; a senator in 1780-2 ; and in Aug. 1782-97 was an assoc. judge of the Sup. Jud. Court ; member of the State Const. Conv. 1779, and in 1789 of that assembled for the adoption of the Federal Con- stitution. He m. Elizabeth, dau. of William Hyslop. — Gineal. Ilg., viii. 105. Sumner, Gen. Jethro, b. Va. ; d. War- ren Co., N.C. Wm. his father emig. from England ab. 1690, and settled near Sufiblk, Va. Jethro was in 1760 app. paymaster in the prov. arniv of that State, and corn, of Fort Cumberland. Bv the Prov. Coimre^s which met at llalilax, Apr. 4, 1776, he was app. col. ofihe.'idK.'m., withwIiMli Ik- juiiicd ilie army ofWashin^'t.in at the ii.irrh ; .Ian. 9, 1 779, he wasapp. a bri;:',-^ n iiiii:''"iii !\ii , ami in 1780 was enga;;i li :■ near Camden. He \'. - ^ i N.C. until he joined ( .iviik' npiin iii>' Huh I iiiis of Santee. He was at the liattle ot laitaw ; and, after the abduction of Governor Burke, he was sent by Greene into N.C. to overawe the Tories and encourage the Whigs. After the war, Gen. Sumner m. a wealthy widow at Newbern. He was buried near old Shocco Chapel, and Bute Old Court House. His dau. m. Hon. Thus. Blount of Edgecombe. — Wheeler's N. V. Sumner, Gen. William Hyslop, b. Dorchester, Ms., 4 Julv, 1780; d. Jamaica Plain, Ms., 24 Oct. 186"l. H.U. 1799. Son of Gov. Increase. He studied and practised law in Boston; was a member of the Ms. legisl. in 1808-19, and adj.-gen. in 1818-34. Active in the improvement and settlement of East Boston. He pub. " Memoir of Gov. Inc. Sumner," and "Reminiscences," 1S54; and a " History of East Boston," 8vo, 1858. — See Geneul. 'Re;/., 1862. Sumter, Thomas, maj.-gen., b. Va. 1734; il. at hi^ iv;,alenee, SouthMount., nearCamdeii, S.t' , .liiiir 1, 1832. He was a vol. ill the old I r. iM h \> ai- ; was present at Bnuldock's defeat, and caily in life removed to the upper part of S.C'. He took part in the warfare against the Cherokees, and at its close aceomp. "Oconos- totah," or the "Emperor," to Eng. on a visit, returning home in 1763. He was prominent in the early ante-Revol. movements at Charles- ton ; in March, 1776, was app. lieut.-eul. 2d' Uegt. of riflemen, and stationed in the interior of the State to overawe Indians and loyal- ists. On the fall of Charleston in May, 1780, Sumter, then a col., took refuge in the swamps of the Santee, and, on the burning and rava- ging of liis estate; retired to N.C., where he soon raised a larger force than he could arm ; July 12, 1780, he attacked a British detach- ment on the Catawba, totally routed and dis- persed the whole force, killed" Capt. Huck, who com. the British, and Col. Ferguson, who com. the Tories. This success brought liim re-en- foreements, and with 600 men he made a spi- rited attack on the post at Rocky Mount, Aug. 1, but, having no artillery, was repulsed. In July he had been made a brig.-gen. in the State militia. Aug. 6 he attacked the post at Hanging Hock, where he annihilated the Prince of Wales's regt., and put to flight a huge body of N.C. Tories; on the 16th Aug. he captured a valuable convoy on the road from Charleston to Camden, but on the 18th was over- taken, surprised, and completely routed by Tarleton at Fishing Creek ; in 3 days, how- ever, he was again at the head of a respectable force. He shifted his position frequently in tlievicinity of Broad, Ennoree, and Tigerrivers, maintaining a continual skirmishing with the enemy, beating up their quarters, cutting off their supplies, and harassing them by incessant incursions and alarms. Nov. 12, ho was at- tacked at Broad River by a British corps, whom he defeated, taking prisoner their com., Maj. Wemys. Nov. 20, he was attacked at Blaikstocks by Tarleton, whom he lepulsed alter a severe and obstinate action. Sumter, however, received a severe wound in the slioul- der, which for S'evcral niuntlis interrupted his gallant career. Jan. 13, 1781, he received the thanks of Congress for Iiis eminent services. Cornwallis, writing to Tarleton alter this affair, says, " 1 shall be very glad to hear that Sum- ter is in a condition to give us no further trou- ble. Ho certainly has been our greatest plague in this country." Recovering from his wound early in Feb. 1781, he crossed the Con- paree, and destroyed the magazines at Fort Granby ; two days after, ho defeated an escort of the enemy, and captured the wagons and stores they were conveying to Camden. At- tacked on the Broad River by Maj. Fraser with a large force, he repulsed him with loss. In March, 1781, he raised 3 regts., and co-op- erated with Marion until the end of the war, striking many successful blows. May 10, 1781, he captured the British post at Orangeburg; he soon after captured the posts at Dorchester and Monk's Corner. He was a distinguished member of the conv. to adopt the Federal Const., which he approved. He was minister to Brazil in 1809-11; M.C. in 1789-93 and 1797-1802; and U.S. senator in 1801-10. His son Col. T110.M.A.S d. near Statesburg, B.C., June 15, lS40,a. 71. Sunderland, Rev. L.\ Rov, b. Exeter, R.I., 1804; 'became a Meth. pieacher at Wal- polc, Ms., 1823. He has lectured and pub. on the subjects of temperance, slavery, Mormon- ism, magnetism, patlietism. sijiiitiiiili^ra, and the method of healiiii; v, ,:l,. ,• mmI,, Ed- ited the Watchman, X 1 1 ; Mil- Mag- net, 1842-3; the i'/.i. il , i; - i m, 18.'JU- 2; and has contrib. tu^j.,'- IIliiuU, Christ. Advocate, Meth. Quart. ILv., UmI. Investiijator, Spiritual Telegraph, N.Y., smi Uerald of Prog- ress. — Allibone. Susini (Hinckley) Isabella, vocalist; d. New York, July 6, 1862. Dau. of a physi- cian of Albany. She early manifested a taste for music ; and, her voice being an excellent sopra- no, great care was spent upon her vocal educa- tion. At 17 she went to Italy; studied there 2 years under the Jjest masters ; then appeared in Italian opera in several European capitals, and on her return, in several American cities, being everywhere favorably received. In 1861 she in. Sig. Susini, the well-known basso. Suteliff, Robert, a Friend, in mercantile business at Sheffield, removed with his family to the vicinity of Phila. in 1811, and d. in that year of a fever contracted while assisting in ex- tingni^liing a fire. Author of " Travels in Some Farts of X.A. in 1SQ4-6," Phila. 1812. — Allihone. Sutherland, Joel B., b. 1791 ; d. Phila. Nov. 15, 1801. U. of Pa. 1812. He served in tlie war of 1812; was afterward in the Pa. legisl. ; M.C. 1827-37, and chairman of the com. on commerce 1835-7 ; and a judge of the Phila. C. C. Pleas. Author of "Manual of Legislative Practice," 1830; "Congressional Manual," 1839. SutlifTe, Albert, poet, b. Meriden, Ct., ah. 1830. Pub. a vol. of poems, Boston, 1859. He contrib. to the National Era, Genius of the West, Cinein., 1854. Taught a private school in Ky. ; and since 1855 has resided in Minne- sota. — See Fuels and Poetri) of the West. Suydam, James A., landscape-painter, b. New York; d. N. Conway, N.U., Sept. 15, 1865. He was of an old N.Y. family ; possessed a competency, and devoted much' of his time and income to the encouragement of art and the aid of struggling merit. His " Long-Island Shore" is a characteristic landscape. — Tucker- Swain, David Lowry, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1841), statesman and educator, b. ne.ir Ashe- ville, N.C., Jan. 4, 1 801 ; d. Chapel Hill, N.C., Sept. 3, 1868. U. of N.C. His father was b. Roxbury, Ms. He was adm. to the N.C. bar in 1823; soon entered on a lucrative practice; in 1824 was elected to represent Buncombe Co. in the house of commons ; in 1831 was app. a judge of the Sup. Court ; in 1 832-5 was gov. of the State; and from that time until his death was pres. of the U. of N.C. He pub. " British Invasion of N.C. in 1776," 8vo, 1853; and contrib. manv valuable papers on the His- tory ofN.C.to the Uniuersili/ Mag. — SeeN.E. Hist. Geneal. Reg., xxiv. 349. Swain, Col. James B., engr. in chief State of N.Y., b. N.Y. City 1820. Has pub. " Life and Speeches of Henty Clav," 2 vols. 8vo, 1842; " Military Hist, of N.Y. 1861-5," 3 vols. 8vo; Editor Hudson-River Chronicle 1843-9 ; co-editor .V. Y. Trllmne 1849-51 ; Vaibi Times 1851-7; editor Albany Statesman 1856-61. — J/Wwie. Swan, Maj. Caleb, paymaster Rcvol. army, and paymaster-gen. U.S.A. 1792-1 SOS; d. Washington, D.C., Nov. 20, 1809. He jnib. " Some Account, &c., of the N. Western Lakes of America," 1798. Caleb, schoolmaster, trader, and commiss. in the Revol. army (son of Col. Joshua of Methnen, Ajir. 12, 1718), d. Jan. 17, 1793. Caleb, lieut. in Hale's regt. at capture of Louisburg, 1745. Swan, Col. James, merchant, politician, soldier, and author before the age of 22, b. Fifeshire, Scotland, 1754; d. Paris, 18 Mar. 1831. Ho came very young to Boston; was a clerk in a store; pub. in 1772 "A Dissua- sion to Great Britain and the Colonies from the Slave-Trade to Africa ; " was one of the "Boston Tea-Party" in Dec. 1773; was sec. of the patriotic assemblies of the time ; ac- comp. Gen. Warren as his aide to Bunker's Hill, and was wounded at his side; next acted as treasurer and receiver-gen. ; became a capt. in Craft's regt. of art. in 1776, and took part in the exped. which drove the British fleet out of Boston harbor; was sec. to the Ms. Board of War ; member of the legisl. in 1778 ; and afterwards adj.-gen. of Ms. Deeply in debt, he went to Paris in 1787 ; became known there by his work on the Commerce of the U.S. with 887 STVI a fortune; came to the U.S. in 1795, and dis- played great charity and munificence. Re- turning to Europe in 1798, he was engaged in commercial affairs of great magnitude. Un the claim of a German with whom he had dealt, Swan was imprisoned in St. Pelagie, in Paris, in 1815, and remained there until Jul}', 1830; keeping up all the wliile an indefatigable litigation in the French courts. He was a man of large enterprise and benevolence, man- ly in pcr.son, and dignified in manner. His 6ther works are "On the Fisheries," 1784; "Fisheries of Ms.," 1786; "National Arith- metic," 1786; &c. Swan, Joseph R., of Columbus, O., b. WesternviUe, N.Y., 1802. Has pub. " Trea- tise on Justices," 8th ed., 186a ; " Statutes of Ohio," 2 vols. 8vo, 1860; "Manual for Ex- ecutors and Administrators," 1843 ; " Practice and Pleadings," 2 vols. 8vo, 1860; " Com- mentaries on Pleadings," &c., 1860; "Supple- ment to the Hev. Statutes of Ohio," 1869. — — Allibone. Swan, Timothy, of SufBeld, Ct., compos- er; d. Northficld, July 23, 1842, a. 82. Author of " China," " Poland," and other pieces of sacred music ; also " New-England Harmony," 1801. Swan, William Draper, many years principal of the Mayhew Grammar School, Boston, afterward a bookseller and prominent politician in that citv, b. Dorchester 17 Nov. 1809 ; d. there 2 Nov. 1864. Member of the Ms. senate 1862. Author of a valuable series of Readers, and in connection with his bro. Robert, and Daniel Leach, of a series of Arith- metics; also "The Critic Criticised, andWorces- ter Vindicated," 8vo, ISCO. Swartwout, Gen. Robert ; d. New York, July 19, 1848. Son of a Revol. soldier. Col. N.Y. militia; served in N.Y. harbor, Aug.- Nov. 1812 ; quarterm.-gen. (rank of brig.-gen.) 21 Mar. 1813; and com. 4th brigade in cam- paign of 1813 on the St. Lawrence, and suc- ceeded to the com. on the fall of Gen. Coving- 3, Gen. John Wager, b. Colum- bus, 0.,"l835. Y.C. 1856. Son of Judge Noah H. Swayne. He practised law at Columbus. Was made maj. 43d O. Inf., which he accomp. to the field, in Feb. 1862 ; fought at luka and Corinth ; was made col. ; served in all the marches and battles of the Atlanta campaign ; lost a leg at Sfllkahatchie ; was made brig, and maj. gen. (20 June, 1865); and was after- ward assist, eommiss. of refugees, freedmen, anandoned lands ; col. 45th Inf. 28 July, 1866; and retired 1 July, 1870. Swayne, Noah Hatnes, LL.D. (Dartm. 1863), app. a justice U.S. Sup. Court 4 Jan. 1862; b. Culpeper Co., Va., 27 Dec. 1804. While an apothecary's clerk in Alexandria, he acquired some education ; began the study of law at Warrenton, and, on his admission to the bar in 1824, settled at Coehoeton, O. Mcmlier of the legisl. 1829; U. S. dist.-atty. 1830-9; chosen judge of C.C.P. in 1834, but declined the office; again in the legisl. in 1836, and took a leading part in organizing asylums and insti- tutions for the blind, the lunatic, and the deaf and dumb His district comprises Ohio, Michi- gan, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Sweat, Mrs. Margaret Jane Mdssey, b. Portland, Me., 18l'3. Has pub. "Ethel's Love-Life," 1859; "Highways of Travel," 1859. She has been a contrib. to the N. A. Re- view. — Allibone. Sweeny, Gen. Thomas W., b. Ireland, 1818. Came to the U.S. in childhood; was 2d lieut. of N.Y. Vols, in Mexican war ; lost an arm at Churubusco ; capt. 2d U.S. Inf. Jan. 1861 ; col. of vols. Mav, 1861 ; brig.-gen. 29 Nov. 1862; maj. 6th U.S. Inf. Oct. 20, 1863. He disting. himself at Wilson's Creek, Mo., and was severely wounded ; col. 52il 111. Vols. Jan. 1862; engaged at Fort Donclson, Shiloh, siege of Corinth, battles of Iiika and Corinth (wounded) ; com. division in Atlanta campaign, and engaged at Snake -tree Gap, Resaca, Dallas, Kcnesaw Mountain, and the battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864. Received a silver med- al from the city of N.Y. for services in Mex. war, and a second from the city of Brooklyn for services in the civil war. Retired brig.-gen. U.S.A. 11 May, \870 — Henri/. Sweet, Dr. Charles, a surgeon of emi- nent skill in the treatment of fractured, di^lo. catcd, and diseased bones ; b. Lebanon, Ct., Dec. 11, 1811. Resides there. Son of Dr. Benoni, also an eminent surgeon, who d. al Lebanon, Aug. 1840, a. 80. Sweetser, Charles Humphreys, b. Athol, 25 Aug. 1841 ; d. Pilatka, Fla., Jan. 1, 1871. Amh. Coll. 1862. Author of " Songs of Amherst," I860; " Hist, of Amh. Coll.," 1860; "Tourist's Guide to the North-west," 1867. He founded the Round Table; was con- nected with the N.Y. Evening Gazette; in 1867 began the Evenimi Mail, and in 1869 the Cilij, both in New York. Swett, John Appleton, M.D., ph3-sician, b. Boston, Dec. 3, 1803; d. I^w York 18 Sept. 1854. H.U. 1828. He practised medi- cine for a time in New Yoriv ; spent 18 months in Europe, in 1835-6, attending the medical schools of Paris. He was in 1842 elected one of the phj'sicians of the N.Y. Hospital, and in 1852 pub. his " Treatise on the Diseases of the Chest." In 1853 he was app. pr^f. of the theory and practice of medicine in the N.Y. U. About 1840 he was associated with Dr. Watson as editor of the N. Y. Jour, of Medicine. Swett, Col. Samuel, soldier and military writer, b. Newburyporl, Ms., June 9, 1782 ; d. Boston, Oct. 28, 1866. H.U. 1800. A lawyer; afterward a merchant. Served on the staff of Gen. Izard, on the northern frontier, in the war of 1812, with rank of major. Rep. in Ms. legis- lature. He pub. an Account of the Bunker's- hill Battle, 1826; Sketches of Disting. Men of Newburyport ; " Who was the Commander at Bunker Hill?"&c., 1850. Swift, Col. Heman, a Revol. officer, b. Sandwich, Ms., 1733; d. Cornwall, Ct., Nov. 14, 1814. His father Jabc-z settled in Kent soon after his birth. Heman at an carlv age was a lieut. of provincials in the French war, serving on the northern frontier, and scrvel throughout the Revol. as a col. in the Cont. line. He afterward resided in Cornwall, held various civil offices under the State govt., and SYJM for 1 2 years in succession was a member of tlie council. Judge of Litchfield Co. Court. Swift, Gen. Joseph Gardner, LL.D. (Keny. Coll. 184.3), b. Nantucket, Dec. 31, 1783 ; d. Gcnevii, N.Y., Jiilv ii:i, ISC.^. Son of Dr. Foster Swift, Mir'jr,,ii'l' S aiiiiv. Knst grad. West I'.Hii, jlKHi, ,„...) (),f I'j, I Ml- capt. Oct. IMI,,; ,,i:i|- 1-M,. j:;, IM.S ; ;,i,|.: lo Gen. Piuelvney 1^1-; Ueiu. eul. July G, IS12; col. and principal eng. July 31, 1812; chief eng. in planning the defences of N.Y. harbor 1812-13, and of the array in the campaign of 1813 on the St. Lawrence ; brev. brig.-gen. for merito- rious services, Feb. 19, 1814; supt. of Military Acad. Nov. 1816 to Jan. 1817; resigned Nov. 1818, with a numlier of other officers of the corps, on the app. of the French gen. Bernnrd to the charge of investigating and moditying the coiist-delcnces. U.S. surveyor of the port of N.Y. 1818-27; civil eng. U.S. service; supt. of harbor improvements on the Lakes 182y-45. In the winter of 1830-1 he constructed the railroad from N. Orleans to Lake Pontchar- train over an unfathomable swamp ; in 1839 he was chief eng. of the Harlem Railroad, N.Y. ; in 1841 he was sent by Pres. Harrison on an embassy of peace to the govs, of Canada, New Brunswick, and N. Scotia; in 1851-2, with his son McRay Swift, he mnde the tnnr of Kurope, recording his observations in a ,|i;nv, in which is acomplete history of \V(--iriiiMi ArnJ. His bro. JouN, brig.-gen. N.V. luilitm, uas killed July 12, 1814, in a suceesslul e.-iped. he com- manded, after cutting off a |iicket of the enemy, near Fort George, Upper Canada. Swift, Samuel, LL.D. (Midd.Coll. 1860), son of Rev. Job, b. Amenia, N.Y., 3 Aug. 1782. D.C. 1800. Tutor in Midd. Coll. 1800-2 ; sec. of State of Vt.; judge of probate, Addison Co., 1819-41 ; judge of County Court 18.')5-7. He pub. Hist, of Middlebury, Vt., 1859, and of Adilistjn, Vt., 1859 ; two addresses; and in 1812-13 edited a political paper. Swift, Zephaniah, LL.D. (Y.C. 1817), ju- rist, b. Wareham, Ms., Feb. 1759 ; d. Warren, O., Sept. 27, 1823. Y.C. 1778. He practised law at Windham extensively, and with high reputation; was M.C. 1793-6 ; in 1800 accomp. Mr. Kll^wcnih to Fiance as sec; in 1801 was a|)p. a ]r.A-,- (.1 till Sup. Court ; and in 1806- 19 wa^riii, I ju-ti.v. He was a member of the Hartford r.aiv.ntion; was afterwards a mem- ber of the .State legisl., and was one of a com. to revise the statute laws of the State. He pub. a Digest of the Laws of Ct. in 2 vols., an oration on Domestic Slavery, a System of the Laws of Ct., a Digest of the Laws of Evidence, and a treatise on Bills of Exchange. Swinton, William, b. Edinburgh, Apr. 23, 1833. Came in 1843 to Amer., and studied atAmh.Coll. Prof, of laiejiiuL;. ^ at ll.lu'eworth Female Seni., GreenboriMijli. N (' , l>..;; prof. Mt. Wash. Coll. Inst., XV. ( l:^, Iv.t; A.M. of Amh. Coll. 1866; now pn.l. ,,l hrllr^-lettres, U. of Cal. Author of " Rambles among Words," 1859 ; " The Times' Review of M'Clel- lan," 1864 ; " Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac," 1866; "The 12 Decisive Battles of the War," 1867 ; " Hist, of the N.Y. 7th Regt. during the Rebellion," 1870. Mr. S. was corresp. of the N. Y. Times, and present at many battles. He has contrib. to Putnam's and the Allaiillr mags., and is engaged on a Historv of the War of Secession in the U.S. Swisshelm, JIrs. Jane G. C, b. Wilkins- buig, I'a., isii;. Editor Piltslmrff Sat. Visitor, 1845-56 ; Si. 0\,u,l I'isilur and St. Cloud Dem- ocriil, 1858, ,„ — — — o- " Constitution " (" Old Ironsides "), which ._ 1 799 was his flag-ship during a cruise in the ■\V. Indies. Resigning in Sept. 1801, he passed the nsidue of his life in N.Y. City. — Sec Life of S:/us Talbot by II. T. Tuckerman, N.Y. 1850, and Hist. Sketch of the Life of, N.Y. 1803, 12mo. TalCOtt, MaJ. John, b. Eng. ; d. 23 July, 1688. Son of John, who came to Cambridge in 1632, and to Hartford in 1636. A rep. until 1654, and an assist, and trcas. of the Colony until his d. 1659. The son was made ensign 1650 ; rcpres. 1660 ; capt. 1661 ; trcas., and an assist, coiumiss. at the Cong, of the N.E. Cols. 1660-71, '73, and '76 ; disting. in the Indian war of 1676 ; resigned the office of treasurer on receiving his app. to com. the forces of the Col. ; and, coliccting ab. 450 whites and friendly In- dians, scoured the country as far as the falls above Dcerflcld, inflicted severe blows upon the hostile tribes, and saved Hadley from the at- tack of 700 Indians. He also did good service in the Narraganset country, and fought a suc- cessful battle at the Houssatonnuc, killing the sachem of Quabaug. His son Joseph, gov. Ct. 1725-41, b. Hartlbrd, Nov. 16, 1669, d. Oct. 11, 1741. Taliaferro (ToUiver), Col. Benjamin, statesman, b. Va. ab. 1751 ; d. Wilkes Co., ( ia., Sept. 3, 1 821 . He served with distinction in Morgan's rifle corps at Saratoga, Mon- mouth, and at the siege of Savannah, where he displayed great bravery and coolness. He was taken at Charleston in 1780, where he acted as a volunteer aide to Lincoln. Removing to Ga. in 1784, he was M.C. 1799-1802; judge Sup. Court, State senator, pres. of that body, and a member Ga. Const. Convention of 1798. Tallmadge, Col. Benjamin, Revol. offi- cer, b. Setauket, L.I., 25 Feb. 1754; d. Litch- field, Ct., 7 Mar. 1835. Y.C. 1773. Son of Rev. Benjamin, who d. 5 Feb. 1786. He had charge of a high school at Wethersfield, but 20 June, 1776, became a lieut. and soon afterward adj. of a Ct. regt., and rose to the rank of col. Sept. 5, 1779, he crossed the Sound to Lloyd's Neck, L.I., and surprised and captured 500 Tory marauders, without losing a man ; in May, 1780, he planned and conducted the ex- pedition which resulted in the taking of Fort George, at Oyster Bay, and the destruction of British stores on L.I. He was in several of the principal battles of the war, had the custody of Major Andre' until his execution, and was long one of Washington's military family, and most esteemed secret corresp. After the war he was a successful merchant, and M.C. in 1801-17. In 1784 he m. the dau. of Gen. Wm. Floyd of Mastic. His Memoirs were pub. by his son, F. A. Tallmadge, 8vo, N.Y., 1859. His son, Col. William S., an officer of the war of 1812, d. Moscow, N.Y., Sept. 1822, a. 57. Tallmadge, Frederick AnonsTUS, law- yer and politician, b. Litchfield, Ct., Aug. 29, 1792; d. there Sept. 17, 1869. Y.C. 1811. Son of the preceding. Studied at the Litclif. Law School ; was adm. to the bar of Litchfield Co. ; in 1814 commenced practice in N. Y. City, and became one of its most successful advocates and counsellors. An alderman in 1834, and a common-councilman in 1836; then State senator ; and was subsequently elected its presiding officer, being at the same time ex officio a judge of the Supreme Court of Errors. After 4 years' service in that body, he was in 1841-6 recorder of the city; M.C. in 1846-8; again recorder in 1848-51; and in 1857 was app. gen. supt. of the metropolitan police, and W.1S clerk of the Court of Appeals in 1862-5. The Astor-place Riot, which occurred in May, 1849, was effectually put down by his decision and energy. TaUmadge, James, LL.D. (U. of N.Y.), statesman, b. Stamford, N.Y., Jan. 28, 1778; d. New York, Sept. 29, 1853. Brown U. 1798. Son of Col. James, who led a company of vols, at the capture of Burgoyne (b. Sharon, Ct., Sept. 5, 1744; d. Poughkeepsie, Dec. 21, 1821). He practised law for several years successfully, but devoted much of his time to agriculture. He was some time private sec. to Gov. George Clinton, and, during the war of 1812, at one time com. a portion of the force detailed for the defence of the city of NY. M.C. in 1817- 19, he soon showed himself a sound and ready debater; ably defended Gen. Jackson's course in the Seminole war; and introduced, as an amendment to the bill authorizing the people of Mo. to form a State organi/aiiiin. i | i,. d-i- tion to restrict slavery to the r ', he Mpi. Prominent in the St.ite ( . : i .-f 1821 and 1846; member of ih' '-t.iie 1 _i.|. in 1 824, and lieut.-gov. in 1826-7. \'isiting ICnrope in 1835, Mr. Tallmadge was influential in in- troducing into Russia a knowledge of Ameri- can machinery and mechanics, particularly in the dept. of cotton-manuf. He was for 19 years pres. of the Amer. Institute. All his speeches and acts were directed to the great end of en- couraging domestic production. One of the founders of the U. of N.Y. He pub. a number of addresses and speeches. Tallmadge, Nathaniel P., politician, b. Chatliam, N.Y., Feb. 8, 1795 ; d. Battle Creek, Mich., Nov. 2, 1864. Un. Coll. 1815. Adm. to the bar 1818 ; member N.Y. Assembly 1328; of the State senate 1830-3 ; U. S. senator 1833-44 ; and Terr. gov. of Wis. 1844-5. He pub. some speeches, and contrib. an Introd. and Appendix to Linton's " Healing of the Nations," 8vo, 1855. Talmage, Rev. Samuel Kennedy, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1845), Presb. clergyman and au- thor, b. Somerville, N.J., 1798; d. Midway, Ga., 2 Oct. 1865. N.J. Coll. 1820. Tutor at N.J. Coll. 1822-5 ; prof of anc. lang. Ogleth. U. 1838-41, and pres. 1841-65. Contrib. to Southern Presb. Review, &c. Talmage, Rev. T. De Witt, Presb. 891 TA.F clergyman, b. ncarBouml Brook, N. J., 7 Jan. 1832. U. of N.Y. 18.).-3; New Bruns. Theol. Sera. 1856. Old. at Belleville, N.Y., where he remained 3 years ; pastor of the Second Ref. Cliureh, Phila., 1859-69; and since Apr. 1869 of the Central Presb. Church, Brooklyn, N.Y. His preaching soon filled the church to over- flowing, and a new edifice was erected, which holds 3,000 people. Also a successful lec- turer, and contrib. to the N.Y. Independent and other periodicals. Tallman, Peleg, an enterprising; mer- chant of Baih, Me., b. Tiverton, U.I., July 24, 1764 ; d. Bath, jMarch 8, 1841. In 1778, when only 14 years of age, he entered the privateer- service against Great Britain ; lost an arm in the engagement between " The Trumbull " and " Watt" in 1780; and was a prisoner in Eng. and Ireland in 1781-3. Subsequently mas- ter of a vessel, he finally became a merchant, and acquired by his enterprise and persever- ance an ample fortune. M.C. from Ms. 1811- 13 ; State senator 1821-2. Taney (taw'-ne), Roger Brooke, jurist, I). Calvert Co., Md., 17 Mar. 1777; d. Wash- ington, 12 Oct. 1864. Dick. Coll. 1795. De- scended from a family of English Catholics who settled in Md. ah. the middle of the 17th century. Adm. to the bar in 1799; member of the house of delegates in 1800; of the State senate in 1816 ; app. in 1827 atty.-gen. of Md. by a gov. and council opposed to him in poli- tics, and, after 22 years' residence at Frederick- ton, removed to Baltimore ab. 1822. He enjoyed an extensive practice in the State and Federal courts, and was originally a Federalist, but became a partisan of Gen. Jackson, who app. him U.S. atty.-gen. in 1831. Nominated in Sept. 1833 sec. of the treasury, he was rejected by the senate, as was also the case with his nomination as a justice of the U.S. Sup. Court in 1835. In Mar. 1836 he was. app. chief justice of the U.S. Sup. Court, in place of John Mar- shall, deceased ; in 1 857 he held, in the cele- brated " Dred Scott " case, that, for more than a century before the Declaration of Independ- ence, " the negroes had been regarded as beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white race either in social or political relations, and so far inferior, that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect; and that the negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit." He also affirmed that the Mo. Compromise was unconstitutional, and that the suit must be dismissed lor want of juris- diction. He possessed considerable legal learn- ing, and his decisions were generally sound. — See Van Santvoord's Lives of the Chief Justices, 8vo, 1854. Taunebill, Wilkins, journalist and au- thor, b. Pittsburg, Pa., 4 Mar. 1787 ; d. Nash- ville, Tenn., 2 June, 1858. Sonof Gen. John, a Revol. ofiicer. He was early connected with the Nashville press ; was co-editor of the [Vhig, and many years editor of the Ha-aUl, — the first Henry Clay organ in Tenn. He subsequently edited the Oilhopolitim, a new literary and in- dependent paper, and from July, 1848, to June, 1849, the Portfolio, a journal of Free- masonry. In liis later years he was blind. Author of" Freemason's Manual ; " ■' Sketches of the History of Literature," 8vo, 1827; " Sketches of the Hist, of Roman Literature," 12mo, 1846. — 4///6one; Uuyckinck. Tanner, Henry S., geographer, b. N.Y. 1786; d. N.Y. City 1858. In Phila., where he lived many years, and until 1850, he pub. maps, and contributed statist, and gcog. articles to periodicals. He pub. " New Amer. Atlas," fol. 1817, '23, &c. ; "General Atlas," 1828-44, 4to, since pub. by S. A. Mitchell ; " Memoir on the Recent Surveys," &c., 12mo, 1829; " View of the Valley of the Mpi.," 12mo, 1832; "Amer. Traveller," 12mo, 18.'!6; "Cen- tral Traveller," N.Y., 1840; "New Picture of Pliila.," 12mo, 1840; "Canals and Railroad!* of the U.S.," N.Y., 8vo, 1840. Member of the geographical societies of Paris and London. — AUibone. Tanner, John, captured by the Indians at the age of 6 years, remained w'ith them volun- tarily 30 years. The Narrative of Tanner, U. S. Interpreter, &c., was prepared for the press by Edwin James, M.D., N.Y., 1 830. He d. 1847. His son James was a Unit, missionarv. Tappan, Arthur, inerclTant and philan- thropist, b. Northampton, Ms., Mav 22, 1786; d. N. Haven, July 23, 1865. His "father Ben- jamin, a Revol. patriot and mcnlKint, died Northampton, Jan. 29, isii, a ^'i Arthur had a common-school cdihaiion ; iv i, l.mg en- gaged with his bro. Louis in tiro ini|iiii ling of dry goods in Boston; failed in 1S42, and was afterward interested in the mercantile agency first established by his bro. He established the JouT. of Commerce in N.Y. ; was one of the chief founders of the Tract Society; start- ed the Lane Sern. at Cincinnati; founded au indispensable professorship in the Auburn Theol. Sem., and aided in founding another at Kenyon Coll. ; established a scholarship at Andovcr; and creeled Tappan Hall at Ober- lin. His private charities were innumerable. An original abolitionist, he establislied in 1833 the Emancipator, in N.Y., at his own expense, and called the meeting which formed the N.Y. City Aiuislavery Society, of which he was chosen pres. Dec. 4, 1833, he was app. pies, of the Amer. Antislavery Soc. He aided in sustaining the Liberator, and redeemed Mr. Garrison from the Baltimore jail. He was a man of rare integrity, and fidelity to principle. — .See his Life by his brother Lewis. Tappan, Benjamin, jurist, brother of Ar- thur, b. Northampton, Ms., May 25, 1773 ; d. Steubenville, O., April 12, 1857. He was taught the business of copper-plale engraving and printing ; devoted some attention to por- trait-painting; and subsequently adopted the profession of law. In 1799 he emig. to Ohio, and in 1803 was elected to the legisl. ; served in the warnf 1812 as aide to Gen. Wadsworth ; was for 7 years pres. judge of the fifth Ohio circ. ; in 1833 was ajip. by Pres. Jackson U.S. judge for the Ohio dist. ; and was a U.S. senator in 1839-45. He was an active leader in the Democ. party until the Free-soil movement originated, when he joined its ranks. Emi- nent for drollery and wit. A vol. of Reports, C.C.P. 1816-19, was pub. by him 1831. Tappan, David, D.D. (H.U. 1794), clcr- 892 gjman, b, Manchester, Ms., Apr. 21, 1752; d. Aug. 27, 18U3. H.U. 1771. He was son of Benjamin, minister of Manchester (1720-90; H.U. 1742), who was son of Saml. of Newbury, and grandson of Dr. Peter. After studying divinity, he began preaching. Was ord. minis- ter of the 3d Church in Newbury in Apr. 1774; and from Dec. 26, 1792, until his death, was Mollis prof, of divinity in H.U. Many of his discourses and addresses have been pub. A vol. of sermons on important subjects, and an- other of lectures on Jewish Antiquities, were pub. 8vo, Boston, 1807. Mary his widow d. Sept. 1831, a. 72. Father of Benjamin, D.D. (Bowd. 1845), minister of Augusta, 16 Oct. 1811, to his d. 23 Dec. 1863, b. Newbury, 7 Nov. 1788; H.U. 1805. Tappan, Henry Philip, D.D., LL.D., scliolar and autlior, b. Rhinebeck, N.Y., about 1806. Un. Coll. 1825. He studied 2 years at the Auburn Theol. Sem. ; was one year assist, pastor of the Ref. Dutch Church, Schenectady ; and in 1828-3rwas pastor of a Cong. Church at Pittsfield, Ms. Prof, of in tell, and moral philos. in the U. of N.Y. in 1832-8; and was inaug. first chartcellor of the U.of Michigan in Dec. 1852, retiring in 1863. The subject of university education had long employed his attention, and he studied its practical workings in Eng. and Prussia during a foreign tour, re- corded in " A Step from the New World to the Old." Author of a treatise on the Will ; a work on the " Elements of Logic ; " " Illustri- ous Personages of the 19th Century ; " " Trea- tise on University Education," 1851 ; and a large number of addresses and orations. In 1859 he was elected corresp. member of the French Imperial Institute, and pres. of the Amer. Assoc, for the Advancement of Educa- tion. — Hee Amer. Jour, of Education, October, 1863. Tappan, William Bingham, poet, b. Beverly, Ms.. Oct. 29, 1794; d. W. Needham, Ms., June 18, 1849. His father Samuel, a teacher, died when William was 12 years old. With but 6 months' schooling, he was a suc- cessful teacher in Phila. for 6 years. Remov- ing to Boston, he engaged zealously in Sun- day schools, and was gen. agent of the S.S. Union. He was also engaged in the same cause in Cincinnati and Phila. He was li- censed to preach in 1840. He pub. " New- England and Other Poems," 1819, in Phila.; a larger coll. in 1822 and in 1834; an addition- al vol. in 1836 ; and a comjilete edition in 1848 in 4 vols. ; " Poetry of the Heart," 1845 ; " Sa- cred and Miscellaneous Poems," 1846; "Po- etry of Life," 1848; " The Sunday School and Other Poems," 1848; "Late and Early Poems," 1849; "Memoirs of Capt. James Wilson," Phila. 18ino; "Poems and Lyrics," 12mo, 1842 ; " Poet's Tribute," 12mo, ISiO. — Duijc- Tarbell, John Adasis, M.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1836), b. Boston, 1811 ; d. there 21 Jan. 1864. H.U. 1832. He studied medicine in Paris in 1 833-5 ; practised in Boston ; became a ho- moeopathist in 1843; became assoc. editor of its Quarterly Review in 1852 ; also of Dr. Epp's " Domestic Homceopathist ; " and pub. in 1849 the " Pocket Homceopathist," and " Sources of Health," 1850 ; " Art of Conversing," 1846; "Homoeopathy Simplified," &c., 1856. Tarleton, Sir Banastee, a British gen., b. Liverpool, Eng., 21 Aug. 1754; d. 23 Jan. 1833. He began to study law, but, on the breaking-out of the Amer. war, purchased a cornetcy of dragoons, and in Dec. 1776 com. the advanced guard of the patrol which cap- tured Gen. Lee in N.J. He served with Howe and Clinton in the campaigns of 1777-8, and, after the evacuation of Phila., raised and com., with the rank of lieut.-col., a cavalry corps called the British Legion. This corps accomp. the army to the siege of Charleston, and was constantly in service in the south until the surrender at Yorktown, rendering important service to Lord Cornwallis. 14 April, 1780, Tarleton surprised and defeated Gen. Isaac Huger near Monk's Corner ; 29 May, 1 780, he surprised Col. Butbrd at Waxhaw Creek, massacred the entire force, refusing to give quarter; and Tarleton's quarter became a syn- onyme for cruelty. Aug. 16 he was at the battle of Camden; Aug. 17 he attacked and defeated Sumter at Fishing Creek ; 20 Nov. he was defeated by Sumter at Blackstocks, on the Tyger River; 17 Jan. 1781, at the head of 1,100 men, he attacked an inferior Amer. force near the Cowpens, under Gen. Morgan, and was signally defeated, and wounded in the hand; 15 Mar. he was at the battle of Guil- ford Court House ; in June he was despatched to Charlottesville, Va., to capture Gov. Jeffer- son and the members of the legisl., but was too late. Present at the battle of Eutaw, and at the capture of Yorktown in Oct. 1781. On his return to Eng. he was made a col. ; was elected to parliament in 1790, and acted with the liberal and reform party ; was made a bar- onet in 1818, and attained the rank of a full gen. Tarleton was brave but sanguinary, be- low middle size, stout, strong, and heavily built. He pub. " History of the Campaigns of 1780-1," &c.,4to, London, 1787. Tate, George, admiral Russian navy, b. Lond.Junel4,1745; d. Feb. 17,1821. George his father (b. Eu;j. 1700) was a seaman in the first frigate built in Russia by Peter the Great. He came to Falmouth, Me., with his fiwhcr, in 1757 ; was brought up to the sea; entered the Russian navy as lieut. in July, 1770; rendered disting. services, particularly at Ismaid, in Dec. 1790, where he was severely wounded; also in the war with Sweden ; and attained the rank ish fleet, July 6, 1788; near Hoghland in 1789 ; near Oland, on the roadstead at Rcval, May 2, 1790; and June 22 in the Gulf of Wi- borg. Vice-admiral in 1798. Tatham, Col. William, engineer and polit. economist, b. Hutton, Cumberland Co., Eng., 1752; d. Richmond, Va., 22 Feb. 1819. His father was rector of Appleby. In Ajir. 1769 he came to Amer., and entered a mercan- tile establishment on James River, Va. Serv- ing as adj. of militia against the Indians, he studied their character, and drew up a biog. account of the celebrated warriors, Atakul- lakuUa, Oconistoto, Cornstalk, &c. He served in the Va. cavalry under Gen. Nelson, and was 893 TAJY- a vol. in the party that stormed the redoubt at Yorktown, U Oct. 1781. In 1780 he compiled with Col. John Todd of Ky. the first regular account of the Western country. He studied law ; was adm. to the bar in 1784; established in 1786, with a ilr Willis, the settlement of Lumbarton, N.C. ; was a member of the N.C. legiil. in 1787; visited his native place in 1789, and again in 1796; and in 1801 became supt. of the London docks. Returning in 1805, he was in 1817 a milit. storekeeper in the U.S. service. This remarkable man, author, soldier, advocate, engineer, and geographer, with all these resources, yet became poor, and, as old age approached, found he had made no provis- ion for its infirmiiies and wants. After freely participating in the festivities of Washington's birthday, he throw himself before a cannon at the in.stant of its discharge, and was blown to atoms. He pub. a "Memorial on the Ci\'il and Milit. Govt, of the Tennessee Colony ; " "An Analysis of the State of Virginia," Phila. 1790-1; "Case of Kamfer against Haskins," Phila. 1794 ; "Plan for insulating the Metrop- olis by means of a Navigable Canal," Lond.; "Remarks on Inland Canals," Lond. 1798; "Political Economy of Inland Xa\-igation," &c., Lond. 1799; "Two Tracts relating to the Canal between JJorfolk and N.C. ; " "Com- munications on the Agric. and Commerce of the U.S.," Lond. 1800; "Hist, and Practical Essay on the Culture and Commerce of To- bacco," Lond. 1800, &c. — Sce ileiitolr of Tat- ham, and his Chronicles of the Amer. Indians, in vol. iv. Annua! Bioj. and Ohil., Lond., 1820. Tattnall, Gen-. Josiah, U.S. senator from Ga. 1796-9; gov.1801-2; b. Bonaventura, near Savannah, 1762; d. Nassau, New Prov., June 6, 1803. Son of Col. Josiah. He was sent to school at Nassati, but returned to Ga. unknown to his parents. His boyhood was full of ad- ventures, and at the age of 18 he joined the army of Gen. Wayne at Ebonozer. In 1793 he was app. col., and in 1800 a brig.-gen., partici- pating extensively in the military afiairs of the State, and sening occasionally in the legisl. He also served in 1 796 at Louisville in the Gen. Assembly that r.scinded the Yazoo act of 1795. Tattnall, Josiah, capt. in the Confed. navy, b. near Savannah, Ga., Nov. 1796; d. 14 June, 1871. Son of the preceding. Midship. Jan. 1, 1812 ; licut. Apr. 1, 1818; com. Feb. 25, 1838; and capt. in 1850. He first served in " The Constellation," and was in the atlair at Craney Island in June, 1813. He served with Perry on the coast of Africa, and with Porter in his cxped. against the W. Indian pirates. He participated as com. of " The Spitfire " in the attacks on Tampi.:o, Panuco, and Vera Cruz, in 1847. In 1856-9 he was flag-ofiicer of the E. I. squadron. Resigned his commis- sion, obtained a com., and improvised a fleet with which he made an attempt to resist the destroyed, and afterward com. the mosquito fleet at Savannah, Ga. Tayler, John, lieut.-gov. of N.Y. 1813-22, b. N. Y. 4 July, 1742; d. Albany, 19 Mar. 1829. He became a merchant at Albany in 1773; superintended the comniiss. dept. in the exped. to Canada in 1775 ; was aftenvai J a member of the Frov. Congress, and for ncai-ly 40 rears a member of the N.Y. legisl. Taylor, Alfred, commo. U.S.N., b. Va., May 23, 1810. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1825 ; lieut. Feb. 9, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855 ; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. Sept. 27, 1866; app. light- house insp. 12 Feb. 1869; attached to frigate " Cumberland " during the Mexican war; com. sloop " Saratoga," 1861 ; com. flagship " Sus- quehanna," Brazil squadron, 1866. — Ltamersh/. Taylor, (James) Bavard, traveller and author, b. Kennett Square, Chester Co., Pa., Jan. 11, 1825. At 17 he became a printer's apprentice in Westchester, and employed his leisure in study, and writing verses, which in 1844 he coll. in a vol. entitled "Ximena." He made a pedestrian tour in Europe in 1 844-6, of which he pub. an account in 1846, entitled " Views Afoot." He next pub. a newspaper at Phoenixville, Pa. He went to N. York at the close of 1847 ; wrote for the Literary World and the Tribune, publishing in 1848 his "Rhymes of Travel ; " in 1849 he became proprietor of a share in the latter journal, with which he has since been connected. " El Dorado, or Adventures in the Path of Empire," depicts his visit to California in 1849. His "Book of Romances, Lyrics, and Songs" ap- peared in 1851, in which year he made a long tour in the East, including a journey of 4,000 miles in the interior of Africa. In Oct. 1852 he went from Eng. through Spain to Bombay. Soon after his arrival in Cliina, he was attached to the Amer. legation, and remained in Shang- hae two months; he then accompanied Com. Perry's squadron to Japan. He reached N.Y. Dec. 20, 1853, having accomplished 50,000 miles of travel. His letters describing the journey were all the while pub. in the Tribune, and since in a series of volumes. He made ii fourth tour in 1856-8, and in 1862-3 was sec. of legation to Russia. He has also pub. " Bal- lads and Other Poems," 1848; "Poems of the Orient," 1854 ; " Poems of Home and Travel," 1855; "At Home and Abroad," 1856-62 ; " Hannah Thurston," a novel, 1863 ; "Fortunes of John Godfrey," 1864; " Storv of Kennett," 1866; "The Poet's Journal,'' 1862 ; " Picture of St. John," 1866 ; " Colora- do, a Summer Trip," 1867; "Frithiof's Saga," 1867; "Byways of Europe," 1869; "The Ballad of Abraham Lincoln," 1869 ; a new translation of "Faust," 1870; and he has edited a " Cyclopedia of Modern Travel," 1 856. His poem, " The American Legend," was originally delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of H.U. in 1850. Contrib. to many magazines, periodicals, and journals. Taylor, Besjamis Cook,.D.D., b. Phila. 1801. N.J. Coll. 1819; R.D. Theol. Sem., N. Brunswick, 1822. Author of "Annals of Bergen, N. J.," 12ino, 1857 ; " Sermon on the 200thAnniv.Ref.D. Church of Bergen, N. J.," 12mo, 1S61. Contrib. to Christ. Inkil. — Al- libone. Taylor, Benjamin Franklin, author, and inanv years editorof the Chicago Eve. Jour., h. Lowville, N.Y., 1822;.^rad. of Madison U., N.Y., of which his father, Stephen W., was ] res. Author of " Attractions of Language," TAY 894 I2mo, 1845 ; "January and June," 12mo, 1853, new ed. 1868 ; also of fugitive poems, papers on army life, articles in the Knickerbocker, &c. . He resides at Wheaton, 111. — See Poets and Poetn/ of the West. Taylor, Christopher, Quaker scholar and preacher, b. near Skipton, Yorkshire, P>ng. ; d. Phila. 1686. Originally a Puritan preacher. He became a proselyte of George Fox; was eminent as a minister among the Friends ; and suffered persecution and imprisonment. He also taught a classical school in several places, and emig. from that at Edmonton in Middlesex, in 1682, to Pa. On his arrival he was made a representative in the Assembly ; was a member of the first prov. council, and continued in that oflSce till his death. He also held the place of register-gen., and was one of the justices of Chester Court. He was one of the best schol- ars among the early settlers. In 1679 he pub. " Compendium Triura Linguarum." — Smith's Del. Co. Taylor, Edward T. ("Father Taylor"), many years preacher at the Seaman's Bethel, Boston, b. Richmond, Va., 25 Dec. 1794; d. Boston, 5 Apr. 1871. A sailor in his youth, and ord. a Meth. preacher in 1819. Ills dis- courses, filled with quaint nautical phrases, made him famous, and attracted many stran- gers. Chaplain to the U.S. frigate sent to Ire- land during the famine there, and delivered public addresses at Cork and Glasgow. A dau. m. Hon. Thomas Russell, collector of the port of Boston. Taylor, Fitch Waterman, Epis. clergy- man and author, b. Middle Haddara, Ct., Aug. 4,180.3; d. Brooklvn, N.Y., July 24, 1865. y.C. 1828. He went to N.Y. in 1820 with a mercantile life in view, but studied for the ministry, and obtained a parish in Md. From 1841 to' his death he was a chaplain in the navy. He pub. "The Flag-Ship," giving an account of his voyage round the world in " The Columbia," 2 v6ls. 1840, and "The Broad Penncnu, or History of the Naval War with Mexico." 1848. Taylor, George, a signer of the Dccl. of Indcp., b. Ireland 1716; d. Easton, Feb. 23, 1781. He arrived in the U.S. penniless in 1736, but, having received a good education, ro4e from the condition of a laborer in the iron foundry of Mr. Savage, at Durham, Pa. (who paid the expenses of his voyage over), to the station of his clerk, and subsequently ni. his widow. After acquiring a handsome fortune, he estab- lished iron-works on the Lehigh, Northumber- land Co. In 1764 he was elected to the Col. Asseiiil]ly,' where he soon became prominent ; member of the Prov. Assembly 5 consecutive years, and in 1770 was madejudge of the county court, and col. of militia; in Oct. 1775 he was again elccteil to the Prov. Assembly, and was active in promoting Revol. measures. The action of some of the members of the Cont. Congress in refusing their assent to the Decl. of Indep. ltd to the election of new members, July 20, 1776, of whom he was one. He sub- sequently negotiated a treaty with several of the Indian tribes on behalf of the U.S., and March, 1777, retired from Congress, and re- moved to Delaware. Taylor, George, lawyer and M.C. 1857-9, b. Wheeling, Va., Oct. 19, 1820. Received a liberal education ; studied medicine, and sub- sequently the law ; was adm. to the bar in 1840; practised in Ind. ; removed to Ala. in 1844, and in 1848 removed to New York. He pub. in 1851 "Indications of the Creator," a vol. of collected addresses and lectures, and has also written much in behalf of popular education. — Lanman. Taylor, Gen. George W., b. Clinton, N. J., 1808; d. Alexandria, Va., Sept. 1, 1862, of wounds received at the second battle of Bull Run. At 19 he entered the navy as a midship- man, but after 3 years' service settled as alarraer in N. J. In the Mexican war he was a lieut. and afterward a capt. in the 10th Inf. After the war, he resided 3 years in Cal. ; then en- gaged in mining and manuf. in N. J., and in June, 1861, was made col. 3d N.J. Regt., which, under Gen. Runyon, formcil a part of the reserve at Bull Run. Attached to the Army of the Potomac when it went to the Peninsula, Col. Taylor took charge of the 1st brigade of N.J. Vols. May 9, 1862, he was made brig.-gen. He took a manful part in the severe fighting before Richmond, and also in the battles under Gen. Pope near Manassas. Taylor, Jacob, surv.-gen. of Pa., and a schoolmaster and physician; d. 1736. Author of " Pennsylvania," a poem, pub. in 1728 ; and wrote poetry for almanacs which he prepared for publication. — See Titan's Almanac, 1730. Taylor, Gen. James, b. Midway, Va., Apr. 19, 1769; d. Newport, Ky., Nov. 7,1848. His ancestor James emig. to E. Va. in 1692. His father was the cousin of Pres. Zaehary. He emig. to Ky. in 1792, and served with dis- tinction during the war of 1812 as quarterm.- gen. of the N.W. army under Gen. Hull. He was one of the largest landed proprietors in the West. Taylor, Col. John, U.S. senator 1792-4, 1803, and 1822-4, b. Orange Co., Va. ; d. Caro- line Co., Va., Aug. 20, 1824. Wm. and M. Coll. 1770. Mover of the celebrated resolutions of 1 798-9 in the h. of del. of Va. He did much towards advancing the science of agriculture in his native State, and was ever forward in pro- moting objects conducive to the piililic good. He pub. "Constniction Construed," 8vo, of agric. essays, 12mo, 1818; "Tyranny Un- masked," 8vo, 1822; "New Views of the Con- stitution of the U.S.," Svo, 1823. Taylor, John, Baptist preacher, b. Fau- quier Co., Va., 1752; d. Franklin Co., Kv., 1835. Author of "History of Ten Baptist Churches," &c., 12mo, 1S26 or 1827; and of a pamphlet, " Thoughts on Missions." — Sprarjnc. Taylor, John, statesman of S.C, b. 1770; d. 1832. N.J. Coll. 1790. He studied law, and was adm. to the bar in 1793, but turned his attention clJefly to planting. He was some years in the State legisl. ; M.C. 1807-9 and 1817-21 ; U.S. senator 1810-16 ; gov. 1826-8 ; tnisteeof the S.C. Coll. in 1806; State senator in 1810 and '22. He was also at one time re- ceiver of public moneys in Mpi. Territory. 895 TA.Y Taylor, John Louis, jurist, b. London, Mar. 1, 1769; d. Jan. 29, 1829. Brought to this country at the age of 12 by his brother. He Studied law, and settled in Fayetterille, N.C. lie was otlen a member of the State legisl. ; filled for a short time the office of atty.-gen. ; was in 1798 elected a judge of the Superior Court of Law and Equity, and was in 1810 app. chief justice. A vol. of his reports, 1799- 1S02, was. pub. Newbern, 8vo, 1 802 ; another, 1816-18, at Raleigh, 1818; "Charge to the Grand Jury of Edgecombe Sup. Court, 1317," Svo, 1817. Taylor, John Neilson, legal writer, b. N.J. 1S05. N.J. Coll. 1824. Lawyer in N.Y. City since 1825. Author of "Treatise on Landlord and Tenant," Svo, 1844 and 1869; " L.iw of Executors and Administrators," 12mo, 1S5I. Taylor, John W., lawyer and M.C., b. Saratoga Co., N.Y., 1784; d. Clrveland, O., Sept. 18, 1854. Uu. Coll. 1803. He studied law in Albany; was in 1811 elected to the State legisl. ; M.C. 1813-33 ; speaker, Nov. 13, 1820- Mar. 3, 1821 (during the passage of the Mo. Compromise, against which he made an elo- quent speech), and again in 1S25-7 ; and State senator 1841-3. In Sept. 1843 he removed to Cleveland, Ohio. Taylor, Joseph Penuel, commiss.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ky.; d. Washington, D.C., June 29,1864. Bro. of Pres. Taylor. App. lieut. of inf. May 20, 1813 ; capt. July, 1825; com- missary (rank of major), July 7, 1838; assist. com.-gen. Nov. 30, 1841 ; brev. col. for services in the Mexican war in May, 1848 ; commiss.- gen. Sept. 29, 1861 ; brig.-gen. and commiss.- gen. U.S.A. Feb. 9, 1863. Taylor, Nathaniel William, D.D., Dwight prof, of didactic tbcol. in Y.C., b. New MUford, June 23, 1786; d. New Haven, Ct., Mar. 10, 1858. Y.C. 1807. Grandson of Rev. Nathanijl. He studied thcol., and from April 8, 1812, to Nov. 1823, when he was app. to his professorship, he was pastor of the Fii-st Cong. Church in New Haven, during which time ho acquired the reputation of being one of the ablest and soundest divines in N. Eng. His talent for theological discussion was shown in a series of articles upon the Unitarian contro- versy in the Monthli/ Christian Spectator. In theology, Dr. Taylor was in the main a disci- ple of Edwards and Dwight, adopting the Cal- vinistic theory as modified by the Edwardsos. 4 vols, of his works have been pub. 1858-60. — See AUibone, and Memorial ofN. W. Taylor, D.D., Svo, New Haven, 1858. Taylor, Olivee Alden, minister and au- thor, b. Yarmouth, Ms., 18 Aug. ISOl ; d. Manchester, Ms., Dec. 18, 1851. Un. Coll. 1825; And. Theol. Scm. 1829. Minister of Manchester, Ms., from 1839 till his death. In 1836 he taught sacred literature in the Andover Sem. He pub. articles in the BiMical Reposi- torij and many other journals ; " Brief Views of the Saviour," 1835; "The Music of the He- brews," a tran.slation; "Memoirs ofReinhard," 1832; "Memoir of Andrew Loo," 1844; also some poetical pieces ; Rcinhard's " Plan of the Founder of Christianitv," 1831; "Catalogue of the Lilirary of And. Theol. Sem.," 1838. A number of his poetical pieces were pub. from 1820 to 1828. Kis Memoir, by his brother Rev. T. A. Taylor, was pub. in 1853. Taylor, Richard, capt. in the Va. n.avy of the Revol., b. Va. 1747; d. Oldham Co., Ky., 1825. Pension of S300 Sept. 3, 1816, lor wound received while commanding flotilla in the Chesapeake. Taylor, Gen. Richard, son of Pre.^idcnt Zachary Taylor, b. Florida. Chosen col. 9th La. Vols, in 1861, he com. that regt. at the bat- tle of Bull Run ; made brig.-gen. 21 Oct. 1861 ; served under Stonewall Jackson in Va., and was promoted to maj.-gen. ; in 1863-4 served with Gen. E. Kirby Smith in the Trans-Mpi. dept., and defeated Gen. Banks in his Red-river exped. at Sal line Cross-Roads, and was in turn defeated at Pleasant Hill; Sept. 10, 1864, he assumed the com. of the dept. of E. Louisiana at Mobile; and May 4, 1865, surrendered to Gen. Canby. He resides in La. One of his sisters married Jefferson Davis. Taylor, Richard Cowling, scholar and geologist, b. Hinton, Suffolk, Eng., Jan. 18, 1789 ; d. Phila. Nov. 26, 1851. He became dis- ting. as an antiquary and geologist, and pub. a numberof worli on those subjects. In July, 1830, he emig. to Phila. Among his pubs, in that city were treatises on the Geology and Nat. Hist, of the North-east E.xtreraity of the Alleghany Mts., and a Supplement to a Nat. Hist, of Birds of the Alleghany Range. He made surveys of different coal-tields ; and his most important work was that pub. in 1848, entitled the " Statistics of Coal," an octavo vol. of 754 pages. He pub. in Eng., in 1 821 , an " Index Monastims," in the aucicnt kingdom of Anglia ; also a very complete " General In- dex to Dugdale's Monasticon Anulitaniiiii " (fbl. 1830), "Geology of East Anglia," 1827, Svo. Taylor, Gen. Robert Barnard, b. Va. 24 March, 1774; d. Norfolk, Va., 13 Apr. 18.34. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1793. Brig.-gen. Va. militia; com. in defence of Norfolk 1813- 14; brig.-gen. U.S.A. 19 July, 1813. He was an eminent la^wer ; member of the Va. Assem- bly 1798-9; oftheConst. Con V. 1829-30; and was judge of the Gen. Court of Va. 1831-4. Taylor, Sa.mdel H.\rvet, LL.D. (B.U. 1851), classical scholar, b. Londondcnv, N.H., Oct. 3, 1807; d. Andover 29 Jaii. 1S71. Dartm. Coll. 1832; And. Sem. 18:!7. Tutor at Dartm. 1836-7; prinrii-il ..i r!,;,,,. ~ .\nd. Acad, from Sept. IS'JT i- ■ ur of the editors of the " i^V - from 1852. Has pub. " Method ul ria;,i.:.il Study," 1861, and some Latin and Greek tchuul-books. He was without a superior as a classical in- structor, and made Phillips Acad, the most celebrated preparatory school in the country. Taylor, Stephen William, LL.D. ( 1 851 ), educator, b. Adams, Ms., Oct. 23, 1791 ; d. Hamilton, N.Y., Jan. 7, 1856. Ham. Coll. 1817. He taught 14 years the Black-river Acad, at Lownlle, Lewis Co. ; was 3 years teacher of a family school ; in 1834 took charge of the preparatory dept. of the Hamilton Insti- tution, now Madison U., where, from 1838 to 1 845, he was prof, of math, and nat. philos. ; then aided in establishing the university at TAY 896 '■ Tuyb.r's In- ., 1817. Has "The Lute or ral Anthems," ) : " The Con- Lewisburg, of which he was 5 years prcs. ; and from 1801 to his death was pres. of Madi- son U., wliieh he brought fi-om a depressed to a higlily-fiourishiug condition. He left an hist, sliotch of tliis university, some inaugural and baccalaureate addresses, and a series of es- says on the theory of education, pub. in the Christian Chronicle, Phila. Taylor, Thomas House, D.D., rector of Grace Church, New York, from 1834 to his d. 9 Sept. 1867, b. Georgetown, S.C, 18 Oct. 1799. Received his education in S.C; was an elegant preacher, and held high ranli as a writer and deliater amiui- tlir i:|.i>,oi,;il clergy. Author of Sermons, l.'<4i,-r,r, -vo, NY. I ^u'9. Taylor, Vin.iii, ( new musical nntarioji i dex Staff," b. r.n.klian pub. " Sacreil Miiii-tr. I, Musical Inst™i.tur." l^r 1850; "The Golden Ly cordia," 1851; "The Chune," 1854; "The Celestina," 1856 : " The Song Festival," 1858 ; "The Enchanter," 1861; "The Concertina," 1864 ; " The Praise-Offering," 1868.— ^///to;ie. Taylor, Gen. Walleb, d. Lunenburg, Va., 26 Aug. 1826. Maj. and aide to Gen. Harrison at the battle of Tippecanoe 7 Nov. 1811 ; U.S. senator from Ind. 1816-25 ; and a man of much literary culture. Taylor, William Rogers, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Newport, R.I., Apr. 1, 1811. Son of Capt. W. V. Midshipm. Apr. 1, 1828; lieut. Feb. 10, 1840; com. Sept. 14, 18.55; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. July 25, 1866; rear-adm.' Jan 1871. Attached to the sloop " St. Mary's " during Mexican war ; engaged at Tampico Bar, Juno 8 and 15,1 846 ; at the siege of Vera Cruz, com. a gun in the naval battery ; com. steam-sloop " Housatonie," S. Atl. block, squad., 1862-3. Senior officer off Charleston when attacked by Confed. rams " Choeura " and " Palmetto ; " present as fleet-capt. with Adm. Dahlgren during all the operations against Morris Island in July, 1863; was in the battle with Forts Wagner and Sum- ter, July 10, and agnin July 19, 1863; com steam-sloop "Juniata," N. Atl. block, squad., 1864-5, aud in both attacks on Fort Fisher. — HamfrsI;/. Taylor, William Vioneeon, capt. TJ.SN., b. Newport, R.L, 1781; d. 11 Feb. 18:.s. Hi- ,„,,. rii.M,Mir..-i,.r,Dr.N.F.Vigne- roii. i' il i I \ ; ' ■ i : iivjo. and d. 1764. Hv^. ! :- lii 111 i; became a capt. in 111' 111 ,1 ii - r.i. : -am- ipii. sailing-master US.N. 28 Apr. 1813; Jieut. 9 Dec. 1814; master com. 3 Mar. 1831 ; capt. 8 Sept. 1841. He did good service in equipping Com. Perry's fleet on Lake Erie, and was conspicuous in the victory, navigating " The Lawi-ence," Perr\-'s flag-ship, into and during the fight. His last service was in com. of " The Ohio " (74) on a ci-uise to the Pacific in 1847. Father of Adm. Wm. R. Taylor, U.S.N., and of Capt. O. H. P. Taylor. U.S.A., who was killed by Indians in Wash. Terr., 17 May, 1858, a. 30. Taylor, ZACHARV,"l2lh pres. of the U.S., b. Orange Co., Va., Sept. 24, 1784 ; d. Wash- ington, D.C., July 9, 1850. His father Rich- ard was col. 9th Va. Regt. in the Revolution; was disting. in the Indian wars ; was one of the framers of the Const, of Ky., where he had settled in 1785 ; and d. Louisville, Ky., Jan. 19, 1829, a. 83. Zachary was scantily educated, and until his 24th year was engaged in the la- bors of his father's plantation. May 3, 1808, he was made 1st lieut. 7 th Inf. ; capt. Nov. 1810. For his gallantry in repelling an Indian attack on Fort Harrison, a stockade on the Wabash River (Sept. 5, 1812), he received thebrev.rank of major, — the first instance in the service of this species of promotion. He took part in the successful exped. of Gen. Hopkins against the Indians, and in 1814, with the rank of major, com. an exped. against the British and Indians on Rock River. App. maj. 3d Inf. May, 1816 ; lieut. -col. Apr. 20, 1819 ; col. 1st Inf. Apr. 1832 ; brev. brig.-gen. June, 1838 ; brev. maj.- gen. May 28, 1846 ; maj.-gen. June 29, 1846. In 1832 he was engaged in the Black Hawk war ; in 1836 he was ordered to Florida ; Dec. 25, 1837, he defeated the Seminoles at Okecho- bee in a decisive battle ; and in April, 1838, was made eom.-in-chief in Florida. App. in 1840 to the com. of the army in the South-west, he purchased an estate at Baton Rouge, to which he removed his family. On the annexation of Texas in 1845, he was ordered to the frontier; marched to the Rio Grande in March, 1846; gained the battles of Palo Alto (May 8) and Resaca de la Palma (May 9) ; took posses- sion of Matamoras, May 18; captured Monte- rey, Sept. 24 ; and Feb. 21, 1847, defeated the Mexicans under Santa Ana at Buena Vista, notwithstanding their immense superiority in numbers. By this decisive victory, the reputa- tion of Gen. Taylor, already great, was im- mensely enhanced. He was remarkable for his care of his men, and for his readiness to expose himself to danger. He received the thanks of Congress ami a gold medal for his victories in Mexico, and from his soldiers the sobriquet of " Old Rough and Ready." Nomi- nated to tliu prcs. at the Whig Conv. at Phila. June 1, 1848, he received in the following Nov. 163 electoral votes against 127 for his oj.ponent Cass. Inaug. March 5, 184'.), Iiis administra- tion is memorable as the period in which the antagonism between the free and slave States reached a crisis that seriously threatened the Union, — a crisis avoided by a compromise. He succumbed to an attack of bilious fever a few months after his inaug. ; and the executive power devolved on Viec-Pres. Fillmore. Plain- ness and simplicity were the characteristics of his manners and appearance. His son Richard became a Confed. gen. A dau. m. Jeft'erson Davis. Tazewell, Henrt, statesman and jurist, b. Brunswick Co., Va., 1753; d. Phila. Jan. 24,1799. His ancestor Wm. came from Som- ersetshire in 1715, and engaged in the practice of law. He lost his father (Littleton) in early life. Became a student of Wm. and Mary Coll., and studied law with his uncle John Tazewell (clerk of the State eonv. of June, 1776, who d. at Williamsburg 1781), and was adm. to the bar. In 1775 he was a member of the h. of burgesses, and in the conv. of June, 1776, was placed on the com. which reported the decl. of rights and the Constitution. In the h. of 897 TEL delegates, to which he was regularly returned until elevated to the bench, he displajed great talents. At the bar he long enjoyed a large and lucrative practice, but in 1785 was elected to a seat on the bench, and consequently be- came a member of the first Court of Appeals. He was elected to the Court of Appeals in 1793 ; and from 1794 to his death he was in the U.S. senate, over which he pres. in 1795. He bore in that body a disting. part in the discus- sions on the Brit"i>h treaty, and performed with unqualified applause the office of a leader in tlie Rcpub. party. He was a friend of religious freedom, and as a State politician approved the abolition of primogeniture and entails, and the separation of the Church from the State. He was remarkably prepossessing in his personal appearance. — Grigsly. Tazewell, Littleton Walker, gov. of Va. in 1834-6 ; b. Williamsburg, Va., 17 Dec. 1 774 ; d. Norfolk, Va., May 6, 1860. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1791. Son of the preceding. He studied law under John Wickham of Richmond, and began practice at Williamsburg in 1796. He was in the State legisl. in 1798. He moved to Norfolk in 1801, and acquired a large and lucrative practice ; M.C. 1800-1; U.S. senator 1824-33. In 1820 he was one of the commiss. under the Fla. treaty ; in the senate he was a strong sympathizer with the nullification movements, and a zealous advocate of all Southern political measures ; in 1829 he de- clined the mission to London. Author of a " Review of the Negotiations between the U.S. and Great Britain respecting the Commerce of the Two Countries," &c., Lond. 8vo, 1829 ; contrib. under the signature Seniix to the Nor- folk Herald in 1827. — .See Discourse on his Life by [high D. Grigsbi/, LCD., 8vo, 1860. Tecunisell, chief of the Sliawnees, b. near Springfield, O., ab. 1770; killed in the battle of the Thames, C.W., Oct. 5, 1813. He first appears in a fight with Ky. troops on the Mad River when he was ab". 20, and was said to have run atthefirst fire ; yet, in the war end- ing at the treaty of Greenvifle in 1795, he was noted as one of the boldest and most active of the Indian warriors. Ab. 1804 he projected with his bro. Elskwatawa, the "Prophet," the union of all the Western Indians for the ex- tirpation of the whites. He visited all the tribes on the W. bank of the Mpi., on Lakes Superior, Huron, and Michigan ; the Prophet assuming to be commiss. to the Indians from the Great Spirit, and preaching against the influence of the white men. They had in 1811 gathered at Tippecanoe, on the Wabash, a force of several hundred warriors, which Gov. Harri- son, in the battle of Tippecanoe, Nov. 7, 181 1 , completely defeated. Tecumseh's plan was not yet matured, and this battle ruined it. He next sought the alliance of the English, and, with the rank of brig.-gen.,com. all the Indians who co-operated with the English in the cam- paigns of 1812-13 ; was present in every impor- tant engagement previous to that of the Thames ; and was conspicuous in the skirmishes preced- ing Hull's surrender at Detroit. In the bat- tle on the Thames, near the Moravian towns, he com. the right wing, the only part of the forces engaged. The Indians were driven back ; 67 but Tccumsch rushed forward where the fire was hottest, and fell The statement that he was killed by Col. R. M. Johnson is not now credited. A Life of Tecumseh, and his bro. the Prophet, was written by Benjamin Drake of Cincinnati in 1841. TefEt, Benjamik Franklin, D.D. (of Wesl. U. of Ohio, 1846), LL.D. (of Madison U. of N. Y. 1852), clergyman, b. Flovd, Oneida Co., N.Y., Aug. 20, 181.3. Wesl. "U. 1835. After leaving college, he devoted 4 years to legal, metaphysical, and historical studies. He was in 1839-^41 pastor of a M. E. church at Bangor, Me.; in 1841 pres. of a classical sem. at Providence, R.I. ; and after one year's residence in Boston he was for 3 years prof, of Greek and Hebrew in the Indiana Asbury U. ; in 1846 he became general editor of the books and magazines of the Meth. book concern at Cincinnati ; and in 1851-4 was pres. of Genesee Coll., N.Y. ; pastor at Bangor, Me., 1858-61 ; U.S. consul and acting minister at Stockholm, 1862; commiss. of emigration for Me. to the north of Europe, 1864; since 1866 pastor M. E. Church, Portland, Me. He has pub. " The Shoulder-Knot, or Sketches of the Threefold Life of Man," 1850 ; " Hungarv and Kossuth," 1851; "Methodism Successful'," 1859; " Web- ster and his Masterpieces," 2 vols. 1854; ora- tion on "Life and Character of Webster," 1852; "The Northern Harp," a poem, 1838; "Pris- on-Life," and an Analysis of Butler's Analogy. TeflPt, Thomas Alexander, architect and monetarian, b. Richmond, R. I., 3 Aug. 1 826 ; d. Florence, Italy, 12 Dec. 1859. B.U. 1851. After studying architecture in I^vidence, and furnishing designs for many private and public edifices, he in 1 856 visited Europe to perfect himself in the art, and to diffuse his ideas of a unified currency for all nations, upon which subject he read a paper before the Brit. Insti- tute of Social Science. The principal features of his plan were after his d. incorporated into a plan agreed upon by an international conf. at Paris, at which 19 nations were represented, in 1867. Ho pub. "Our Deficiency in Art Education," Prov. 1852; "Universal Curren- cy," &c.. Loud, and Edinb. 1858; papers on architecture in the N. Y. Crwjon, and Letters from Europe in the N. Y. T/mcs 1857-8. — Memoir hj E. M. Stone, Prov., 1869. Telfair, Edward, gov. of Ga. 1786 and 1790-3, b. Scotland 1735; d. Savannah 17 Sept. 1 807. Educated at Kirkcudbright gram- mar-school. He came to Amer. at 2.3 as agent of a mere, house, and resided some time in Va. He removed to Halifax, N.C., and in 1766 to Savannah, where he was a merchant. An ac- tive promoter of the Revol., he served on many of the committees of the time, and was one of the party that broke open the magazine at Savannah, and removed the powder ; delegate to the Old Congress in 1778 and 1780-3 ; and in 1783 was one of the commiss. to make a treaty with the Cherokees. Thomas, his son (N.J. Coll. 1805; M.C. 1813-17), d. Savan- nah, Apr. 1818. Tellier , Vekt Ret. Remigi tjs Joseph, su- feriorof the Jesuits in N.Y., Canada, and of the ndians of the Lakes, b. Soissons, France, 1 796 ; d. St. Mary's Coll., Montreal, 7 Jan. 1866. 898 TEN- He entered the society 11 Oct. 1818; w;is rec- tor of Chamberry Coll., and in 1842 was sent to Canada. lie olficiatcd 2 years at La Prai- rie; founded the Church of St. Patrick, Mon- treal ; was 3 years stationed in U.C. ; was prefect of studies, and pres. of St. Francis Xavier Coll., and afterward at St. John's Coll., Temple, Daniel, missionary to Malta, b. Heading, Ms., 1790; d. there Aug. 9, 1851. Dartm. 1817; And. Sera. 1820. He was a shoemaker until 21. lia^g been an agent for the Araer. Board of Missions a year, he was ord.i]i 1-21 ; wentto-Maltain 1822; i:i 1833-44 was at Smyrna; was afterward an agent of the board, preaching in various places ; and was settled in Phelps, N.Y., in 1847-9, He took a printing-press to the East, and pub. books in the modem Greek, Italian, and Armenian lan- guages ; wrote many Scripture histories ; and edited a magazine m Greek. His Life and Letters by his son. Rev. D. H. Temple, with introd. by R. S. Storrs, D.D., was pub., Bost. 1855, 12mo. Temple, Sir Johv, 8th bart., b. Boston, 1731 ; d. New York, Nov. 17, 1793. He suc- ceeded Sir Richard (commiss. of the royal navy in 17GI, afterward commiss. of the revenue at NewYork), whod. Nov. 15, 1786, without issue. Sir John m. a dau. of Gov. Bowdoin, and was agent and consul-gen. of Great Britain to the V.&. — Bttham; AlJen. Temple, William, gov. Delaware 1845, b. Q. Anne Co., Md., Feb. 28, 1815 ; d. Smyrna, Del, 28 May, 1863. A merchant at Smyrna. A member and speaker of the legisl. in 1S44; mcrabej: of the State senate 1 845-54 ; and mem- ber elect of the SSth Congress when he died. Ten Broeck, Gek. ABKAHAii,b. Albany, May 13, 1734; d. there Jan. 19, 1810. Bis father Dirck was many years recorder, and tlien mayor, of Albany. lie began business as a merchant in 1753, and m. Elizabeth, dau. of Gen. Stephen Van Rensselaer; member Col. Assembly 17G1-75, and of the I'rov. Congress and conv. which organized a State govt, in 1777, and pres. of tiie conv.; June 25, 1778- 1781, brig.-gen. of Albany militia; com. a brigade at the battle of Bemis Heights, Oct. 1777; State senator 1.7SO-3 ; mayor of Albany 1779-83, and first judge Albany "County 1781- 94. — Ilonrjh's Northern Invasion. Ten Eick, Abraham S., capt. U.S.N., b. N.Y. 1787; d. 28 Mar. 1844; midshipm. U Sept. 1811 ; lieut, 27 Apr. 1816; com. 9 Feb. 1837; capt. 10 Dee. 1843; in the action be- tween the frigates "U. States" and "Maee- doni.an," 25 Oct. 1812. Tennent, Gilbert, an eminent preacher, b. Armagh, Ireland, Feb. 5, 1703 ; d. 23 July, 1764. Son of William, a Presb minister, who came to this country in 1718, and settled near Phila., where he opened an acad. for the edu- cation of students in divinity, and d. ab. 1743. The son assisted in the direction of this estab- lishment, and, after having studied medicine as well as theology, w.is in 1726 ord. pastor of a cong. at New Bruns\vick. In 1740 and '41 he travelled through N. Eng. at the request of WhiteSeld, and preached "in many places m(h great success. He was one of the most con- spicuous ministers of his day, ardent in hii zeal, forcible in his reasoning, and bold and passionate in his addresses to the conscience and the heart. He affected eccentricity in his preaching, entering the pulpit on his New-Eng- land tour in an overcoat bound wich a leathern girdle, and with long hair. Notwithstanding his zeal and success as a missionary, a party was formed against him, and he was accused of immorality. To a hostile pamphlet, called ;' The Examiner," he replied with the " Exam iner Examined." This controvi^rsy occasioned the convocation of a synod in 1741 ; but no decision on the points in dispute took place. Tennent, wiih a view to conciliation, pub. a remarkable work under the title of" The Peace of Jerusalem." In 1743 he founded a Presb. church at Phila., and subsequently travelled through some of the States as a missionary. In 1753 he went to Eng. to solicit benefoc- tions to the college of Princeton. Among his other pubs, are an account of a revival of re- ligion in 1744, and on the success of the exped. against Louiiburg ; discourses on several sub- JL'Cts, 12rao, 1745; "On the Lawfulness of Defensive War," 1 747 ; " On the Consistency of Defensive War with True Chiisti.anity ;" " Defensive War Defended ; " and " Sermons on Important Subjects," 8vo, 1758; xxiii. Ser- mons, Phila., 8vo, 1744. Tennent, William, clergyman, bro. of the preceding, b. Antrim Co., Ireland, J.an. 3, 1705; d. Freehold, N. J., Mar. 8, 1777. N. J. Coll. 1753. He came to America with his father's family in 1718, and studied theology under his bro. at N. Brunswick. He had nearly completed the course when his health failed, and he fell into a catalepsy, or trance, and for several days appeared as if dead, his body being cold and stiff. His physician, who was also his particular friend, perceiving some slight symptoms of vitality, refused to consent to his bunal ; and, although his friends were satisfied he was dead, his funeral was postponed 3 days, and subsequently for several hours, efforts for his resuscitation being finally suc- cessful. His recovery was slow and painful ; all pre\-ious knowledge was forgotten ; and he had to be taught reading, writing, and all things, as a newborn child. At length he felt a sudden shock in his head, and by degrees his recollection was restored. He told his friends, that, at the time of his apparent death, he found himself in heaven in the presence of an inde- sciibable glory, and of an innumerable host of happy worshippers, and heard songs of praise which were unutterable. When about to join the throng, a heavenly messenger said to him, " You must return to the earth." At the shock of this news he opened his eyes, and, finding himself in the world, fainted. For 3 years, he said, the recollection of what he had seen and heard was so intense as to make earthly things seem worthless. Oct. 25, 1733, he was ord. at Freehold, Monmouth Co., N. J., as successor of his bro. John, and continued pas- tor 44 years. He pub. a few occasional ser- mons. A Memoir, giving a very full account of his trance, was prepared and pub. by Judge EEas Boudinot, N.Y., 18mo, 1847. , John S., LL.D., an able lawj'cr, chief justice of Me. 1S5G-63, b. N.H. 1789 ; d. Nonidgenock, Me., 23 Aug. 1869. Bowd. Coll. 1816. Tenney, Samcel, M.D., physician and physicist, b. Byfield, Ms., Nov. 27, 1748; d. Exeter, Feb. 6,"l816. H.U. 1772. After teach- ing school one year at Andover, he studied medicine with Dr. Kittredge; went in 1775 to commence practice at Exeter, but, joining the army on the day of the battle of Bunker's Hill, continued in sen-ice as a surgeon during the war. After serving one year in the Ms. line, he entered that of R.L ; was present at Saratoga and Yorktown ; and was a. volunteer at Rod Bank, where he dressed the wounds of Donop, the Hessian commander. After the war, he m. and settled at Exeter, but did not resume prac- tice. In 1788 he was a member of the State Const. Conv. ; judge of probate for Rocking- ham Co. in 1793-1800; and M.C. in lSOO-7. Member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences, to whose Memoirs he contrib. an account of the celebrated Saratoga mineral-waters and his " Theory of Prismatic Colors." For the Ms. Hist. Society he furnished an account of Exe- ter, and a notice of the "dark day," May 19, 1780, and for the Ms. Agric. See. a much-ap- proved treatise on orcharding. He pub. many political essays in the newspapers, and particu- larly in 1788 in favor of the Federal Constitu- tion. In 1811 he pub. in the N.Y. Med. Re- posilori/ "An Explanation of Certain Curious Phenomena in the Heating of Water." Tabi- THA his wife, dan. of Samuel Oilman, m. in 1788 (b. Exeter, N.H., 1762; d. there 2 May, 1837), was the author of " Adventures of Dor- casina Sheldon, or Female Quixotism " (2d cd. Newburyport, 12mo, 1808), and " The New Pleasing Instructor." Tenney, William Jewett, editor, b. Newport, K.I., 1811. Y. C. 1832. He com- pleted and indexed Benton's Abridgment of the Debates of Congress ; has edited Apple- ton's Annual Cyclop. ; was co-editor N. Y. Jour, of Commerce, 1841, and N.Y. Evening Post, i842-3 and 1847-8, Minimi Maqmine, N.Y., 1853-60, 8 vols. 8vo ; conttib. to Hunt's Merclds. Mug. Author of the " Milit. and Na\al History of the Rebellion," 8vo, 1S65; " Gr.immatical Analysis," 1866. — AHilione. Terhune, Mary Virginia (" Marion Harlaxd "), novelist, b. Va. Her father, Sam. P. Hawes of Dorchester, is a merchant of Richmond, and a descendant of the Puritans: her mother is a dosccinlMnt of the earliest set- tlors of Va. At 14 -I:. Ivi'Mi, i.i .onti-ib. to a wooklvcitvjouriL.I \ : . , . :..trh written at IG, entitled '■ -M... ._ : _ii Prudential Motives," was cuijicJ Hum (/ .. , .~ Ladij's Book into an English paper, thence transferred to a Parisian journal, retranslateil for another English periodical, and finally copied 3n Amer- ica, and extensively circulated as an English story. In 1854 she pub. " Alone," a highly-suc- cessful novel, under the asssumod name of Marion Harland ; the " Hidden Path " followed in 1856; "Moss Side "in 1857; "Husbands and Homes," " Nemesis," " Sunnybank," 1806; "Christmas Holly," 1867; "Ruby's Husband," 1868; "Common Sense in the Household," a book of domestic receipts, 1871 In 1856 she m. Rev. E. P. Terhune, pastor of a Va. church, who in 1859 became pastor of the Dutch Ref. Church in Newark, New Jer- sey. Ternant, Chevalier Jean de, a French officer, who served in the Amer. Uovol. array; d. Conches, Normandy, 1816. In Apr. 1778 he was app. one of Steuben's sub-inspectors (rank major); Sept. 25, 1778, he was made lieut.-col. ami inspector of the troops in S.C. and Ga. ; was taken prisoner at Charleston in 1780; was afterwards exchanged, and, having temporarily filled the place of Col. Armand, resumed his duties in the south. He was a col. during the wars of the French rcvol. ; and was ambassador to the U.S. in 1790-3. Ter- nant was a man of decided ability and remark- able accomplishments. — See Kupp's Life of Steuben. Ternaux (iCi'-no') Compans, Henri, nephew of Baron Guillaume Louis; d. Dec. 18G4. Has pub. 2 series of 10 vols, each of " Voipqes, Rglalions,et Me'moires," from inodited Spainsh MSS., relating to the discovery and conquest of America, — a work of inestimaljle value (Paris, 1836-40); " Bibliolltetjuc Anie'ri- mine, 1493-1700" (8vo, Paris, 1837); ami various other works. Ternay, Charles Lewis d'Aksac de, a French admiral ; d. Newport, R.I., Deo. 15, 1780, a. 58. He was descended from an ancient and noble family of Bretagne, and en- tered the service in 1738. He invaded New- foundland in 1762 in com. of a squadron; l.indcd at St. John's June 2, reduced the place, and captured several vessels; resigned in 1772, and till 1779 was gov. of Bourbon and the adjacent isles. In 1780 he was ordered with a fleet to the U.S., carrying Rochambeau's army, and arrived at Newport, July 10, 1780, but died shortly afterward. Terrell, Dr. William, M. C. from Ga. 1817-21 ; d. Sparta, Ga., July 4, 1855. He was frequently a member of the State legisl. ; took great interest in the promotion of agricul- tural science; and in 18.53 gave S20,000 for the establishment of an agric. professorship in the U. of Georgia. Terrill, Gen. William R., b. Va. 1832; killed at the battle of Perryville, Kv., Oct. 8, 1862. West Point, 1853. 2d lieut. 4ih Art. 4 Nov. 1853 ; was in the Florida war 1855-7 ; 1st lieut. 31 Mar. 1856 ; capt. 5th Art. 14 May, 1861. He then raised a regt. of vols., was .fent to Ivy., com. a battery in Gen. MoCook's divis- ion, was assigned to com. a brigade in Gon. Bucll's army, and was chief of art. 2d division, and, for his' bravery and ability at the battle of Shiloh, was made brig.-gen of vols. Sept. 9, 1862. Terry, Alfred Howe, brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Hanlord, Ct., Nov. 10, 1827. Educated at Y.C., from which he received an hon. dcg. in 1SG5; studied law; was adm. to the bar in 1848; was clerk of the N. Haven Co. Courts from June, 18.54, to June, 1860. He had com. the N. Haven Co. (2d Regt.) since 1854, and in Apr. 1861 led it to the field, serving at Bull Run, retiring in good order when the day was lost, bringing up the rear in the retreat, and TER 900 saving a large amount of govt, property. He then raised the 7th Ct. Rogt., wliicli was at- tached to tlie exped. under Gen. T. W. Sher- man ; Nov. 7 it occiipieil the captured fort on Hilton Heail; was emjiloycd in tlir inv.-tinnit. of Fort Pulaski, and on its c:iptinv w:i« |il,i- . -i in charge of it. During the mmiiiii' r oi \^i:2 he had com. of the jiosts and firt^ tm ilic At- lantic coasts of Florida. Made hrig.-gen. Mar. 24, 1862, and led a brigade in the battle of Pocotaligo; com. div. 10th corps, and engaged in the operations in Charleston harbor; also in Army of the James, and engaged at Drnry's Bluff, Bermnda Hundred, Deep Bottom, siege of Petersburg, actions of Newmarket and Wil- liamsburg Roads ; com. 10th corps Mav to Dec. 1864; Jan. 15, 1865, at the head of the l>t .liv. 24th corps, aided by the fleet of Coin. I'.ut r, he carried by assault Fort Fisher, endiiiu' ' "u- fed. supremacy in Cape-Fear River; niaj. -^m. of vols, and brig.-gcn. U.S.A. Jan. 15, 1865 ; com. corps, and engaged in the capture of Wil- mington, N.Cand action of North-east Cieek, N.C. ; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. for gallant and meritorious conduct at capture of Wilmington, North Carolina. Terry, Willi.\m U., brig.-gen. Confed. armv, li. Va. ; killed in the assanlt on Fort Stednian, near Petersburg, March 25, 1865. He was educated at the Lexington Military Acad. ; com. 24th Va. Regt., and wounded at Gettysburg ; afterward com. a brigade. Tertre, John Baptist, a French mission- ary, b. Calais; d. Paris, 1687. After serving his country in the military and naval service, he became a Dominican friar, and, after a zealous prosecution of missionary labor in America, returned to Europe in 1658. Author of "A General History of the Antilles belong- ing to the French," 4 vols. 4to, 1667-71. Tesehemacher, J. E., geologist and nat- uralist ; d. 18.53. Anthor of " Concise Appli- cation of the Principles of Structural Botany to Horticulture," Boston, 1840; "Essay on Guano," 1S45; "Chemic.il Field Lectures," from the German, 12mo, Cambridge, 1852. Thacher, George, judge, b. Yarmouth, Ms., Apr. 12, 1754 ; d. Biddcford, Me., Apr. 6, 1824. H.U. 1776. II.' >tiHli.d law, and in 1782 established him- 11 in pi^.ti. ,■ in Bidde- ford. A delegate to tlir (11,1 ( V.ni^nssin 1787- 8; M.C. 1789-1801 ; dist. judgu in Me. 1792- 1800; judge of the Sup. Court ISOO-Jau. 1824 ; also a member of the conv. which framed the const, of Me. in 1819. He was a man of su- perior abilities, and was famous for his wit. Thacher, Jajies, M.D., physician and author, b. Barnstable, Ms., 14 Feb. 1754; d. Plymouth, Ms., 24 May, 1844. He studied un- der Dr. Abncr Hersey ; joined the Revol. army at Cambridge in 1775 as a surgeon's mate under Dr. John WaiTen ; was promoted to surgeon, and served through the war, being present at many of the principal battles. He kept a diary of the war, pub. in 1824 as a "Military Jour- nal of the Revolution," — a work of great his- torical value. In Mar. 1783 he settled in prac- tice at Plymouth. Author of " Amer. New Dispensatory," 1810; "Hydrophobia," 1812 ; " Modern Practice of Physic," 1817 ; "Amer. Orchardist," I ' Amer. Med. Biog.," 2 vols. 8vo, 1828; "Management of Bees," 1821, 12mo; " Demonologv, Ghosts," &c., 1831; and "History of Plymouth," l.«32. He also coutrib. many valuable p.ipers to peri- odicals. He received the hon. deg. of A.M. from H.U. 1808, and of M.D. in 1810 Mem- ber Ms. Med. Soc. and of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. Thacher, Oxenbridge, an eminent law- yer and patriot; d. July 8, 1765, a. 45. H.U. 1738. Grandson of Rev.Peterof Milton,and son of Oxenbridge of Milton, who d. 1772,a92. His delicate health eorapcUed him to exchange the pulpit for the bar, where, as also in political life, his talents made him conspicuous. A rep- resentative from Boston when the first of the iin]j(.pul.ir measures of the British govt, to nii-r a revenue in the Colonics was passed, he Ma ^ tlirir firm opponent. His jiamphlet, " The Snitiinents of British Amcricnns " (1764), lev- elli-d against the Navigation Ait, was very jiop- ular, and well adapted to the tinns. llC also pub. " Considerations upon reducing the Value of the Gold Coins within the Province," 17C0, — Elht. Thacher, Peter, first minister of Milton from Sept. 2, 1681, to his d. Dec. 23, 1727, b. Salem, July 18, 1651. H.U. 1671. Son of Rev. Thos. He preached to the neighboring Indians in their own lauguagc, and, luing a physician, exprnded much of his salary in the purchase of medicines fjr tin; sick and iiuligent. He published " Unbelief Detected and Con- demned," 1708; and some occasional sermons. — Spraryue, Thacher, Peter, minister of Attleborough from Nov. 30, 1748, to his d. Sept. 13, 1785, b. Middleborough, Jan. 25, 1716. H.U. 1737. Son of Peter, minister of Middleborough (1709- 44). A vol. of his sermons was pub. alter his death. Thacher, Peter, D.D. (Edinb. 1791), minister in Boston, b. Milton, Mar. 21, 1752, d. Savannah, Ga., Dec. 16, 1802. H.U. 1769. Son of Oxenbridge (nntr). Sept. 19, 1770, ho was ord. minister of Maiden. During his resi- dence there, he took an active part in the prc- Revol. measures ; wrote, at the request of the Ms. com. of safety, a " Narrative of the B.attle of Bunker's Hill," pub. in the " Journ.als" of the Prov. Congress, of which he was a mem- ber; draughted the spirited resolves and in- structions recorded on the Maiden records of 1775 ; was a delegate to the State Const. Cunv. of 1780, and strenuously contended against establishing the olDcc of gov., and finally to the title of " His Excellency." Often a chaplain of the State legisl. Installed over the Brattle- st. Church, Boston, Jan. 12, 1785, and retained the pastorate till his death. He was an ex- cellent preacher, possessed in a singular degree the gift of prayer, and was not less remarkable for his colloquial powers. Whitcfield called him "the young Elijah." He was a mcmb' r of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, and of many N.E. literary and charitable institu- tions. March 5, 1776, he pronounced the an- nual oration commemorating the "Massacre," at Watcrtown, against " Standing Armies." He pub. 22 distinct works, among which were " Observations on the State of the Clergy in XHA. 901 THA preceding. Boston, an New England," 17S3; and " Memoii-s of Dr. Boylston," 17S9. Thaoher, Peter Oxenbridoe, lawyer and jurist, b. Maiden, Doc. 22, 1776; d. Bos- Feb. 22, 1843. II.U. 1796. Son of the He studied and practised law in , and in 1823-43 was judge of its Mu- nicipal Court. The criminal cases of Judge Thachcr, edited by Woodman in 1845, is a standard text-book. Member Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. Thaeher, Samuel Cooper, Cong, clergy- man, b. Dec. 4, 1785; d. of consumption at Moulins, France, Jan. 2, 1818. H.U. 1804. Son of the Rev. Peter, D.D. After visiting Europe with Rev. Mr. Buckminstcr in 1806, he was librarian of H.U. in 1808-11 ; and was ord. as successor of Dr. Kirkland, in the New South Church, Boston, May 15, 1811. Mr. Thaeher was a fine scholar ; and his contribs. to the jieriodical literature of the day were noted for purity of style, and elegance of diction. As a preacher he was fervent and impressive. A vol. of his sermons, ivith a Memoir, was pub. by his successor. Rev. F. W. P. Greenwood, 8vo, 1824. Thaeher, Tiiomas, first minister of the OUl South Church, Boston, from Feb. 16, 1670, to his d. Oct. 15, 1678; b. Eng. May 1, 1620. He emig. to Boston in 1635. Studied under Chauncey; was ord. minister of Wey- mouth, June 2, 1644; moved to Boston in 1664. He prepared a " Hebrew Lexicon," and was a good physician and a popular preacher. He pub. "A Brief Rule, &c., in the Sniall-Pox and Measles," 1677, 2d edition, 1702. Thatcher, Benjamin Bussey, author, b. Warren, Me., Oct. 8, 1809 ; d. Boston, July 14,1840. Bowd. Coll. 1826. His father Sam- uel was a, disting. lawyer, and M.C. in 1802-5. The son studied law, and practised in Boston. He was a constant contrib. to the leading peri- odicals of the dav. Pub. " Indian Biography," 1832; " Indian "Traits," 1833; a "Memoir of PhillisWhcatley;" "Traits of the Boston Tea- Party," 1835; "Tales of the Amer. Revol.," 1846; "MemoirofS. Oscrood Wright," 16mo, 1834; "Tales of the Indians," 18mo, 1831. Edited the " Boston Book," 12nio, 1837. His poems are nnmeious, and mostly of a medita- tive and descriptive character. Thatcher, Henry Knox, rear-admiral U.S.N., b. Thouiaston, Me., 26 May, 1806. His grandfather was Gen. Henry Knox. Mid- shipm. March 4, 1823; lieut. Feb. 28, 1833; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. 1861 ; commo. July 3, 1862; rear-admiral, July 25, 1866; retired 26 May, 1868. Com. frigate " Constellation," Medit. squadron, 1862-3; com. steam-frigate " Colorado," N. Atl. block, squad., 1864-5, and in the two attacks on Fort Fisher, Dec. 1 864 and Jan. 1865; afterward com. West Gulf squad., and co-operated with Gen. Canby in the nduetion of Mobile; and May 10, 1865, he received the sun-cnder of the Coufcd. naval force in those waters. Thaxter, Adam Wallace, journalist and poet, l>. Boston, 16 Jan. 1 8.32 ; d there 8 June, 1864. H.U. 1852. CamI). Law School, 1854. Dramatic and literary critic of the Bimloii Even- ing Gazette for 7 years, and author of some acting lil.iys, including "The Regicide," a tragedy; a poem bet'oie the " Lulma " of II.U., Cain- bridge, 1850; " The Grotto Nymph," 1859. Thayer, Elihu, D.I). (Dartm. 1807), minister of Kin;;ston, K.H., tniin Dee. 18, 1776, to his d. A]:r .1, isij, I, li,;,intree, Ms., March 29, 1747. N .1. C.ll, I7(,'j. He was a good scholar, iiml liiinl Tuiim vdimg men for college. A vol. ot liis seniiuiis'was pub. 1813. Thayer, John Milton, U. S. senator from Nebraska 1867-71, b. Bellingham, Ms., 24jan. 1820. Brown U. 1841. Studied and practised law ; settled in Nebraska in 1854: \n-- came brig.-gen. of militia, and memijer ol rlie Terr, legisl. ; col. of vols. 1861 ; brig ren. 13 Mar. 1863 for services at t'ort Donelsoii and Shiloh ; disting. at Vicksburg and Cliiekasaw Bayou, and promo, maj.-gen. of volunteers. Thayer, Nathaniel, D.D. (H.U. 1817), a Unitarian clergyman, b. Hampton, N.H., July 11, 1769; d. Roehester, NY,, .lune 23, 1840. H.U. 1789. He eoniniriirr>l I,,, minis- try at Wilkesbarrc, Pa., ulni. In m in:tined nearly a year; and, on liis irnuii k. ,\ K. in 1793, he was settled at Laneasier, .Ms,, wliere he resided during the remainder ol liis lile. 23 of his occas. discourses have been pub. His son Nathl. has been a munificent patron of H.U. Thayer, M.w. Simeon, Revol. officer, b. Mendon, Ms., Apr. 30, 1737; d. Cumberland, R. I., Oct. 14, 1800. In his youth he was an apprentice in R.I. ; in 1 756 served with the R.I. troops in the French war; in 1757 in tho Ms. line under Col. Frye, and under Rogers the ranger; in Aug. 1757 was taken prisoner at Fort William Henry; in May, 1775, was app. capt. by the Gen. Assembly of R.I. ; ac- comp. Arnold's exjied. to QucIjcc, and was taken prisoner; was exchanged July 1, 1777; was app. maj. Jan. 1, 1777 ; was prominent in the defence of Heil Bank and the brilliant victory tliere, and in the subsequent heroic de- fence of Fort Mitflin, for which he received a sword from the R.I. Assembly in July; was severely wounded in the battle of Monmouth in 1778; in 1780 was in Col. Aiigell's regt. in N.J. ; and Jan. 1, 1781, retired from the ser- vice. His Journal of the Invasion of Canada in 1775, with notes and appendix by E. M. Stone, appeared in 1867. Thayer, Sylvanus, LL.D. (St. John's Coll. 1830), brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Brain- tree, Ms., 19 June, 1785. Dartm. Coll. 1807. West Point, 1808. A.M. of Ken. Coll. 1846; H.U. 1857; member Amer. Philos. Soc. 1838. Entering the U.S. engrs., he became chief engr. of Gen. Dearborn's army in 1812, and of Hampton's divis. 1813, and also his aide-de- camp; capt. of engrs. Oct. 1813; chief engr. in defence of Norfolk, Va., 1814 ; brigade maj. to Gen. Porter, Jan. 1814-May, 1815; brev. maj. for services at Norfolk 20 Feb. 1815; brev. lieut.-col. 3 Mar. 1823; sent with Col. McRae by the govt, to France and Belgium in 1815 to examine the fortifications in thosj countries; superint. West-Point Acad. 1817- 33; maj. 24 May, 1828; lieut.-col. 7 July, 1838; col. 3 Mar. 1863; brev. brig.-gen. .•)! May, 1863; resigned 1 June, 1863. Construct- ing engr. of the defences of Boston harbor 1833-57; and temporary chief of the engineer 902 THO corps in 1857-9. Author of " Papers on Prac- ticiil Engineering," &c., 8vo, 1844. Thayer, William Makupeace, D.D., b. Fiairlilin, Ms., 1820. Brown U. 184.3. Pas- tor of Cung. CluMTh, AshlanJ, Ms., 1849-68, now (1871) rusi,lus in Franklin, Ms. Author of a niunln'r of religious and juvenile hooks, among tlii-ni a series of ]>opul.ir biographies an.l '•Youth's Hist, of the Rebellion," 4 vols., IS04-G. Kilitor of the Home Month/i/, and the Mullic's Assislanl : contrib. to the' Coiyirga- tiomi/ist and to the Puntait Recorder. — A/h- Theller, Dr. Edward Alexander, jour- nalist ; d. Uonitas, Cal, 1859. For his active participation in the Canadian rebellion in 18.37, he was arrested, tried, convicted, and sen- tenced to death, but escaped from jail, came to tlie U.S., was a resident of N.York in 1841-2, where he published " Canada in 1837-8," 2 vols. 1841. He went to California in 185.3, and was editor of the Public Ledijer, and after- ward of the Aiii\is. He was at one time supt. of the public schools in San Francisco. — llist. M,„,.,\[\. 237. Thorn, James, a self-taught Ayrshire sculptor; d. N.Y. Citv, Apr. 17, 1850, a. 51. The cckbiated group of Tam O'Shanter first raised Thorn into notice, and, from the con- dition of an obscure, uneducated stone-cutter, secured for him fame and employment in Lon- don. Mr. Thom came to America ab. 1837 iu i>ursuit of a person who had been previously sent over bv tlic proprietors to exliibit his Tam O'Shanter' and Old Mortality, but who, wo believe, made no returns, or report of his pro- ceedings. He succeeded in recovering a por- tion of the money for wliich it appeared these admirable works had been sold, and transmit- ted it to the projjrietors, who had been his benefactors, determining to remain in Newark to pursue his profession. In exploiing the country in that vicinity for stone adapted to his purposes, he brought into notice a fine free- stone quarry at Little Falls, which has since furnished the stone for the court house in New- ark, Trinity Church, New York, and many other public buildings. Thomas, Benjamin F., LL.D. (B.U. 1853), jurist, grandson of Isaiah, b. Boston, 12 Feb. 1813, removed to Worcester 1819. Brown U. 1830. Adm. to the bar 1833 ; mem- ber Ms. legisl. 1842; judge of probate, Wore. Co., 1844-8; judge Ms. Sup. Court 185.3-9; resumed practice iu Boston; M.C. 1861-3. Author of " Law of Towns and Town-Offi- cers," 1845; "Suggestions upon the Personal- liberty Law," 1861. Thomas, Gen. Charles, b. Pa. ab. 1800. Lieut, of ordnance Aug. 13, 1819; assist, com- niiss. Jan. 1824; assist, quarterin. May, 1826 ; capt. Apr. 1833; quarterin. (rank of major) July 7, 1838; brev. lieut.-col. for meritorious services in Mexico, May 30, 1848; dep. quar- term.-gen. (rank lieut.-col.) May 23, 1850; assist. quarteim.-gen. (rank col.) Aug. 1, 1856 ; brev. major-gen, March 13, 1S65, for faithful, merit., and dist. services during tlie war; ret. July 29, 18G6. — Gardner. I Thomas, David, pomologist and agricul- turist, b. Montgomery Co., Pa., 1776 ; d. Cayuga Co., N.Y'., 1859. Of Quaker parent- age. Removed in 1805 to near Aurora, Cayuga Co., N.Y. Pub. in 1817 "Tiavels in the West," which led to his app. of chief eng. Erie Canal, west of Iloehester; and was subsequent- ly a principal eng. of the Welland Canal, Cana- da. Eminent as a florist and pomologist; his contributions to the Genesee Farmer hd to great practical improvements, and more enlightened views of agiicullure. — Thomas. Thomas, IChe.nezeb Smith, journalist, b. West Cambridge, Ms., 1775; d. Cincin. 22 Oct. 1845 A relative of Isaiah, in whose office at Worcester he learned the printer's art. Establi.-IiL.I himself as a bookseller in Charles- town, S.C, in 1793, and edited the City Gazette in 1810-16; removed to Baltimore i'n 1816; was a member of the legisl. in 181S-19; and from 1829 to his death was a resident of Cin- cinnati, where he edited the Dailij Adnrlisir in 1829-35, and the Evening Post in 1835-9. Ik- pub. " Reminiscences of the Last 65 Y'ears," 2 vols. 1840. Fred. Wm. and Lewis F. are his sons. Thomas, Francis, statesman, b. Freder- ick Co., iMd., Feb. 3, 1799. St. John's Coll. Adm. to the bar in 1820; member of the house of delegates in 1822-27 and '29, when he was chosen speaker; M.C. 1831-41 and 1861-9; gov. of Md. 1841-4 ; pres. of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal 1839; member of the State Const. Conv. of 1850. He was-one of the first men in Md. to warn the people of the approiteh- ing Rebellion, and raised a brigade of 3,000 vols., but declined a military app. ; delegate to the Phila. Loyalist Conv. of 1866. Thomas, Frederick William, author and journalist, b. Providence, 25 Oct. 1803; d. Washington, D.C., 30 Sept. 1866. Sou of E. S. Thomas. Adm. to the Baltimore bar in 1828. Removed to Cincinnati in 1830, and assisted his father in editing the ^rfwf7-(isf?-, con- tributing to it the song, " "i'is said that Absence conquers Love," and " The Emigrants," a poem, pub. in 1833. Associate editor of the Democ. Intelligencer in 1 834 ; of the Dailij Ecen- imj Post in 1835; resided iu Washington in 1841-50 ; wa- for a short time a minister in the M.E.Ciinreli in ( ■in.iniKiti ; afterward prof, of rhetoric and IJi.-, I.i. m tlie Ala. U. ; resumed the practice <■( I.ih at (.ambridge, Md., in 1858 ; and in ISCO look charge of the lit. dept. of the Richmond IJuijiiirer. He was a successful lec- turer, especially on " Eloquence," " Early Struggles of Eminent Men," &c. Author of "Clinton Bradshaw," a novel, 1835; "East and West," 1836; "Howard Pincknev," 1840 ; " The Beeehen Troe, and Other Poem's," 1844; "John Randolphof Roanoke, and Other Sketches of Character," 1853. Thomas, Gabriel, autJior of "A Hist, and Geog. Account of Pa. and Western N. J.," London, 12mo, 1697. He was a Quaker, and resided in this country in 1682-97. Thomas, Sir George, ban., gov. of Pa. 1738-47; d. London, Jan. 11, 1775. He was previously a wealthy planter of Antigua, and a memlicrof the council of that island. In 1732- G6 he was gov. of the Leeward and Caribbee Islands. Created a baronet in 1766. Thomas, Gen. George Henry, b. South- THO 903 nmpton Co., Va., 31 July, 1816 ; d. San Francisco, Cal., 28 March, I'STO. West Point, 1840. His father was of Welsh, and his mother of Frcnch-Hugucnot descent. Enter- ing' the 3d Art., he was brev. 6 Nov. 1841 for gallantry and good conduct in the Florida war; 1st licut. 30 April, 1844; earned the brevets of capt. and major for gallantry at Monterey anil Buena Vista 23 Sept. 1846 and 23 Feb. 1847; again served against the Seminole Indians in 1849-.50 ; instr. ofart. and cav. at West Point 18.T1-4; capt. 3d Art. 24 Dec IS.'JS ; maj. 2il Cav. 12 May, 1855 ; served in Texas in 1856-60, in Red -river and Kiowa expediiions, and wounded 26 Aug. 1860 near Clear Fork of Brazos Uiver ; lieut.-eol. 25 Apr. 1861; col. 3 May, 1861; 5th Cav. 3 Aug. 1861 ; com. brigade in action at Falling Waters 2 July, at Martinshurg, and at Bunker Hill, Va. ; brig.-gen. vols. 1" Aug. 1861; com. division of Army of Ohio, Nov. 1861 to 19 Mar. 1862, and com. at Mill Spring, Ky., de- feating Zollikdffer 19 Jan. 1862 ; com. the right wing, Army of Tenn., at Corinth, Mpi. ; second in com. of Army of the Ohio at battle of Perryville 8 Oct. 1862; com. 14th corps, Army of the Cumberland, Nov. 1862 to Oct. 1863, and engaged at Stone River and at Chickamauga, where he checked the enemy's advance, standing firm when the rest of the army had been routed, 21 Sept. 1853 ; com. the bept. and Army of the Cumberland 19 Oct. 1863 ; lirig.-gen. U.S.A. 27 Oct. 1863 ; in bat- tles of Mission. Ridge, Ringgold, Dalton, Resa- ca, Cassville, Dallas, Kenesaw, siege of At- lanta, assault on Jonesborongh and capture of Atlanta 2 Sept. 1864 ; defended Tenn. against Gen. Hood; won the battle of Franklin 30 Nov., and completely routed the Confed. army at Nashville 15-16 Dec. 1864, and was made maj.-gcn. U.S.A. from 15 Dee. Mar. 3, 1SC5, he received the thanks of Congress for this eminent service, and from the legisl. of Tenn., 2 Nov. 1865, a vote of thanks and a gold medal. Gen. Thomas was remarkable for simplicity of character, modesty, stability, and discretion. In Feb. 1868, Pres. Johnson liaving offered him the brev. of lieut.-gen., he declined the compliment, saying he had done nothing since the war to merit such promotion. Thomas, Isaiah, LL.D. (Alleg. Coll.), journalist and author, b. Boston, Jan. 19, 1749; d. Worcester, Ms., April 4, 1831. Moses his father died while he was yet a child. After an apprenticeship of 11 years to a printer, he at the age of 18 commenced business at New- buryport. In 1770 he transferred his estab.ish- ment to Boston, and on 17 July, 1771, issued the first niinilier of the its. Spi/, in which appeared many bold and spirited appeals on the subjeoi of the oppressive acts of par- liament towards the Colonies. In 1771 Gov. Hutchinson sought to arraign Mr. Thomas to answer for an article which appeared in his paper ; and theatty.-gen. endeavored to procure an indictment against him, but in vain. A few days after the battle of Le-xington, in which he participated, he moved his printing-office to Worcester, where he continued to pub. his paper, with which he was connected till 1801 ; in 1801-19 it was pub. by Isaiah Thomas, jun. In IT Boston under established branches of his publishing business in several parts of the U.S. They pub. the Ms. Muijmine 1789-96 in 8 vols. In 1775 he commenced " The New-Eng. Almanac," con- tinued with several titles 42 years. During many years, most of the Bibles and K-hool- books throughout the continent emanated from his establishment at Worcester. In 1812 Mr. Thomas founded the Antiquarian Society of Worcester, of which he was pres. and a most liberal patron. He furnished its library with 7,000 or 8,000 books, besides tracts, and one of the most valuable series of newspapers in the country; erected a building for them on his own ground, and bequeathed the land and hall, with a provision equal to S24,00O for its mainte- nance. Author of a valuable "History of Printing," 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. Thomas, J.\me8, gov. of Md. 1833-6; d. St. Mary's Co., Md., Dec. 25, 1845, a. 61. Ha was a man of great worth, and held many public trusts. Thomas, Gen. John, b. Marshficld, Ms., 1725; d. Chamblee, June 2, 1776. He prac- tised medicine in his native town and in Kings- ton, Ms., and became an eminent practitioner. In 1746 he was surgeon to a regt. sent to Annapolis Royal, and in 1747 was on the medical siaftol Shirley's regt., — a post which he exchanged soon after for that of a lieut. He became in 1759 a col. of provincials; was employed for a time in Nova Scotia; in 1760 com. a regt. under Amherst at Crown Point; and with Col. Ilaviland, in August, 1760, co- operated in the capture of Montreal. He early enrolled himself among the " Sons of Liberty ; " was a delegate to the Prov. Congress ; app. provincial brig.-gen. Feb. 9, and cont. brig.-gen. June 22, 1775; maj.-gcn. March 6, 1776. During the siege of Boston, be com. a brigade on the Roxbury side nearest the British linos. On the evening of Mar. 4, 1776, with 3,000 men and intrenching tools, he took pos- session of Dorchester Heights, and, before dawn, formidable works had been thrown up. This strategic movement caused the British to evac- uate the town Mar. 17. He was shortly after intrusted with the command ir the army before Quebec, Ma his effective force less than 1,000 men, 300 of whom refused to do duty (the small-pox ra- ging among the troops, and the enemy receiving re-enforcements), determined to raise the siege, and retreat. Before reaching Chamblee on the River Sorel, he was attacked by small-pox, and died of that disease. Thomas, John J., son of David, b. Cay- uga Co., N.Y., 1810. Author of "Amer. Fruit-Culturist," 1849; "Farm-Implements," &c., 1854 ; Ulust Am. Re'/, of Rural Affairs, 1859-70; "Farm-Implements and Farm Machinery," &c., 1869. Assist, edit. Genesee Fanner 1834-9, Alban,:/ Cultivator 1841-53. and of the Country Gentleman since 1852. — Allihone. Thomas, Joseph, M.D. of Phila., edited, with Thomas Baldwin, " Pronouncing Gazet- tecr,"8vo, 1845 ; "U.S. Gazetteer," 8vo, 1854; " Ucog. Diet, of the World," 1855. Author 904 of "Travels in Palestine and E;,'ypt," 1S53 ; "Medical Dictionary," 8vo, 1865; " Lippiu- cott's Biog. Dictionary," 2 vols. imp. 8vo, 1870-1. The feature of the pronunciation of names has been introduced by him in his dictionaries with success. He was some time prof, of Latin and Greek in Haverford Coll., and has contrib. to various journals, also some of the vocabularies in Webster's Dictionary. Th.Oin.aS, J. R., musician and composer, b. Newport, S. Wales, 1830. First appeared with the Seguin troupe, about 1852, as the count in the " Bohemian Girl." He then began the career of composer and concert-singer. His best known songs are, " The Cottage by the in 1776, and was in the battle of Harlem Heights and at White Plains. In the autumn of tliat year the enemy burnt his house, took his aged and patriotic lather a prisoner to N.Y., and confined him in the prevost, where he died through their inhuman treatment. Gen. Thomas was an active partisan officer till the peace, except during a brief term of captivity ; and was afterwards frequently a member of the legislature. — Rogers. Thompson, Abraham G. ; d. New York, Nov. 1851. He bequeathed $347,000 to vari- ous charitable i He has also written church-music, a selection of which was pub. 8vo, 1863. Thomas, Gen. Loeeszo, b. Newcastle, Del., 26 Oct. 1804. West Point, 1823. App. capt. 23 Sept. 1836, and served in the Florida war in 1836-7 and 1839-40 ; assist, adj.-gen. (rank of major) July, 1838 ; brev. lieut.-col. for Monterey 23 Sept. 1846 ; raaj. 4th Inf. 1 Jan. 1848; assist, adj.-gen. (rank lieut.-col.) 18 July, 1852; adj.-gen. (rank of brig. -gen.) 7 May, 1861 ; brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 ; re- signed Feb. 2, 1869. In 1863 he occupied himself successfully in organizing colored troops in the West, and superintending the establish- ment of the free-labor system on abandoned plantations. 21 Feb. 1868, Pres. Johnson app. him sec. of war ad interim in place of E. M. Stanton, who, however, refused to give up the oflBce. Thomas, Gex. Philemon, b. N.C. 1764 ; d. Baton Rouge, La., Nov. 18, 1847. He was engaged in many skirmishes during the Revol. war. Resided some years in Ky., and was a member of its legisl. ; afterwards removed to La.; artd in 1810-11 headed the insurrection which threw off the yoke of Spain from W. Fla. Maj.-gen. of La. militia in U.S. service, Dec. 1814-Apr. 1815 ; M.C. from La. 1831-5. Thomas, Philip Fkancis, statesman, b. Talbot Co., Md., Sept. 12, 1810. Adm. to the bar in 1831 ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1836 ; of the State legisl. in 1838 and 1843-5 ; M.C. 1839-41 ; judge of the land-office court of the Eastern Shore of Md. ; gov. 1848-51 ; commiss. of the U.S. patent-office in I860; and in Dec. 1860 succeeded Howell Cobb as sec. of the treasury, resigning 11 Jan. 1861. Thomas, Robert Baily, of West Boylston, Ms., d. 19 May, 1846, a. 80; pre- pared for the press annually (1793-1846) the " Old Farmer's Almanac," which was exceed- ingly popular, reaching a sale of 225,000 copies in 1863. Thomas, Theodobe Gaillakd, M.D., ■b. Chark-bton, S.C, 1831. Chariest. Med. Coll. 18.'J2. Since then, prof, of obstetrics, &c., in the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons. Author of "Essay upon Prolapse of Funis," 1858; "Diseases of Women," 1868, 2d ed. 1869; " History of 9 Cases of Ovariotomy," 8vo, IS69. — Allibone. Thomas, Gev. Thomas, Revol. officer; d. at his seat in Harrison, Westchester Co., N.Y., May 29, 1824, a. 79. He com. a regt. Thompson, Col. Alexander Ramsay, b. N.Y. City 1792 ; kiUed 25 Dec. 1837. Son of Maj. Alexander, capt. of art. Revol. army (b. N. J.; d. West Point, L.I., 28 Sept. 1809). West Point, 1812. Capt. 1 May, 1814; brev. maj. 1 May, 1824 ; maj. 6th Inf. 4 Apr. 1832 ; lieut.-col. 6 Sept. 1837; disting. and killed at the battle of Okeechobee. Thompson, Augustus Charles, D.D. (Amh. Coll. 1860), clergyman, b. Goshen, Ct., April 30, 1812. Y. C. 1841. He entered Y.C. in 1832 ; but ill-health prevented his completing the course. In 1838 he finished his studies at the theol. sem. at East-Windsor Hill, Ct. ; afterward spent a year at the University of Berlin ; and since July, 1842, has been pastor of the Eliot Cong. Church, Roxbury, Ms. In 1 855-6 he was with Rev. Dr. Anderson a dep. to the missions in India. He has pub. " Songs in the Night," 1845; "The Lambs Fed;" "The Young Martyrs;" "Last Hours, or Waters," 1854 ; " The Better Land, or Believ- er's Journey and Future Home," 1855 ; " The Yoke in Youth, a Memorial of H. M. Hill," 1851 ; " Gathered Lilies, or Little Children in Heaven," 1858; "Feeding the Lambs," 1859; "Eliot Sabb.-school Memorial," 1859; "Morning Hours in Patmos," 1860; "The Mercy-Seat ; " " Seeds and Sheaves ; " " Ly- ra Celestis," 1863; "Christus Consolator)" 1869. Thompson, Sir Benjamin. — See Rum- ford. Thompson, Cephas G., artist, b. Mid- dleborough, Ms. Son of a portrait-painter, from whom he, with his bro. Jerome, acquired facility in the art. At 1 8 he painted portraits at Plymouth, afterwards in Providence, R.I. ; had a studio in New York in 1837-47 ; resided in Italy in 1 852-60 ; and has since practised his art in New York, having m. a sister of Mrs. Anna Mowatt Ritchie. Besides many por- traits and copies from the old masters, he has painted " Angel of Truth," " Guardian Angels of Infancy," " Liberation of St. Peter," " Brig- and's Daughter," " Mother's Prayer," and " Chastity. — Tuckerman. Thompson, Charles C. B., capt. U.S.N., b. Va. ; d. Sept. 2, 1832. Midshipm. 22 Dec. 1802; lieut. 15 Feb. 1809; com. 27 Apr. 1816; cant. 3 Mar. 1825. Thompson, Daniel Pierce, novelist, b. Charlestown, Ms., Oct. 1, 1795 ; d. Montpelier, Vt., June 6, 1868. Midd. Coll. 1820. _ His grandfothcr Daniel, of Wobum, a cousin of Count Rumford, fell in the battle of Lexington. THO 905 THO His father, beiii^ unsuccessful in business in Charlestown, eniig. to Berlin, Vt. Daniel was brought up to farm-labors, with but scanty ed- ucation, but, by making good use of his limited resources, qualified himself for school-keeping in the winter of 1815-16. After graduating, he became private tutor in a family in Va., and was adm. to the bar of that State. Returning home, he opened a law-office in Montpelier in 1 824 ; was made register of probate ; was in 1830-3 clerk of the legisl. ; and was app. com- piler of a vol. of the statute laws ; judge of probate of the Co. 1837-40; clerk of the Co. (1843-5) and Supreme Court; and in 1853 college in contributing to periodicals ; sec. of State. literary career began at i ; but in 1 835 he wrote for the N. E. Galaxij a prize tale, "May Martin, or the Money-Diggers." He pub. in 1840 "The Green-iMountain Boys;" m 1847 " Locke Amsden, or the Schoolmas- ter," involving much of his own autobiogra- phy; in 1850 "The Rangers, or the Tory's t)aughter," a counterpart to the " Green-Moun- tain Boys," and, like that work, illustrative of Kevol. history of Vt. ; " Lucy Hosmor," 1 848 ; " Gaut Gurlcy, or the Trapper of Lake Umba- gog," 1857; "The Doomed Cliief," 1860; " Hist, of Montpelier," 8vo, 1860; " Laws of Vermont," 1824-34," 8vo, 1835 ; " Adventures of Timothy Peacock," 1835. — Dnijckinck. Thompson, Egbert, capt. U.S.N., b. New York, June 10, 1822. Midsbipra. Mar. 13, 1837; lieut. Sept. 27, 1850; com. July 16, 1 862 ; capt. July 26, '67 . Attached to Wilkes's expl. exped. 1838-42. He participated in all the operations of the home squadron in the Mexiian \\.ii ; r.,ai tlir ironclad "Pittsburg" in til- I 1 D.iiielson, on Island No. 10, aa i : ; ' ay ; attack on batteries oppo>i[ ■ N \v ;,l I Iral ; and in the action with ConiL'd. rams aliove Fort Pillow. Com. steam- er " Com. McDonough," S.A.B. squad., 1864- 5 ; steam-sloop " Dacotah," S. Pacif. squad., 1866-7. — Hamersh/. Thompson, George W., lawyer, b. Ohio, 1806. Jetf. Coll. 1826. U.S. dist.-atty. West Va. 1849; M.C. from Wheeling dist. 1851-2, and left Congress for the bench. Author of " The Living Forces of the Universe," &c., 12mo, 1866; "Address on Com. Schools," 1841 ; " Right of Virginia to the N. W. Terri- tory ; " " Life of Hon. Linn Boyd ; " and con- trib. to Boston Quar. Review, 1839-12. — Alli- hone. u J J ' Thompson, Jacob, politician, b. Caswell '''•y'^*^ Co., N.C, 15 May, 1810. U. of N. C. 1831. //j Adm. to the bar in 1834. Heremovcdin 1835 to • f'"^'^*- the Chickasaw country, Mpi., and applied him- I Li'S' self to its improvement so successfully as to be '' made its rep. in Cong, in 1839-51. Some years chairman of the com. on la a: i la ii , ami a zealous defender of Mis- i- ; i aioc. party when the cry or ■ , i i "as ringing throughout the Ian ! II i,.- .1 the compromises of 1850, as nut coruailiug uiiough to the South. Sec. of the interior Mar. 1 857- .7 Jan. 1861 ; resigning on the ground that the "attempt to re-cnfprce Fort Sumter violated a distinct understanding entered into with the cabinet. In Dec. 1860 he was app. by the Mpi. legisl. a commiss. on behalf of that State to urge upon N.C. the adoption of an ordinance of secession. Gov. of Mpi. 1862-4. During the Rebellion he was aide to Gen. Beauregard, and insp.-gen. for the dept. of Mississippi. Thompson, John, political writer ; d. Pe- tersburg, Va., 1789, a. 22. Author of articles in the Petersburg Gazette, signed " Casca " and " Gracchus," hostile to Adams's administration. His Life was written by George Hay. His let- ters signed " Curtius," addressed to Chief Jus- tice Marshall in 1798, were pub. 12mo, 1804. Thompson, Johx R., author, b. Rich- mond, Va., Oct. 23, 1823. U. ofVa. He stud- ied law in the office of James A. Seddon, and in the law school of the university ; was in 1845 adm. to the bar ; and in 1847 became ed- itor of the Southern Lit. .1/^ s.sm.;. , at I!!, hmond, filling that post for niaiivM ar-. 1'.. -iilcs his contributions to this aail oiln i lii rary jour- nals, he has dflivtavd iiuna i'..n. aiidrosses at coIlr-r -, ;ni>I ., \, r:i! Ircturos. His pen was ac- tiv. i; I Jebellion, during which he es'iii, 1 mI. and contributed to the /»'/' 1 aa I 1/ . ., illirald, also to Blachvood and otlaa" inau'-a/.nK.'S. — (irlswold ; Duifckincfc. Thompson, Joseph Parrish, D.D. (H.U. 1856), LL.D. (U. of N.Y. 1868), clergyman, b. Phila.- Aug. 7, 1819. Y.C. 1838. He stud- ied theology at Andover and New Haven ; was ord. pastor of the Chapel-st. Cong. Church, N. Haven, in Nov. 1840 ; and since Apr. 1845 has had charge of the Broadway Tabernacle Church, N.Y. He was one of the originators of and a contrib. to the New-Enijlanarr, and of the Independent newspaper. In 1852-4 he visited Europ,-. and the East. The fnuts of bison M' 1 -iMl- I.aw-a|i,i.aP.I P, ^V,' N.A. i;,.: :. I, : 1 „f the Ala 1 i, . ■ i a - a <<, iety," Snii li'- " 1 li^aoaai > ca I'.i4)al (.Mi^raphy and Antiquitias," and liitto's " Cyclopaidia of Biblical Lit." Besides sermons, addresses, and pamphlets, Dr. Thompson has pub. " Memoir of Timo. Dwight," 1844; "Lectures to Young Men," 1846; "Hints to Employers," 1847; "Memoir of David Hale," 1850; "Foster on Missions, mth a Preliminary Essay," 1850; "Stray Meditations," 1852; "The Believer's Refuge," 1857; "Egypt, Past and Present," 1856; "Memoir of Rev. David T. Stoddard," 1858 ; " The Christian Graces," 1859 ; " Love and Penalty," 1 860 ; "The Sergeant's Memo- rial," 1863; " Christianity and Emancipation," 1863; "The Holy Comforter," 1866; "Man in Genesis and Geology," 1869; "Theology of Christ," 1870. Thompson, Launt, sculptor, b. Queen's Co., Ireland, 18.33. Came to the U.S. at 14, and in the office of Dr. Armsby studied draw- ing. For 9 years he worked in Palmer's studio, and went in Nov. 1858 to New York, where he found ample emplovment. Among his best worli;^ are a bust of Edwin Booth as llamlet ; a bass-relief of " Elaine ; " a colossal bust of Bry- an t ; a medallion Ukeness of Gen. Dix ; " Morn- ing Glory," a bass-relief; a design for a statue of Gen. Sedgwick ; and of a colossal statue of Napoleon. — Tuckerman. Thompson, Smith, LL.D. (Y.C. 1824; H.U. 18.35), jurist, b. Amenia, N. Y., 1767 ; d. Poughkeepsie, Dec. 1 8, 1 843. N.J. Coll. 1788. THO 906 THO Studied law with Chancellor Kent, and became dist.-atty. in the middle dist. of N.Y. in ISOl ; judge of the Supremo Court 1802-14; cliief justice 1814-18; sec. of the navy 1818-23; associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1 823 until his death. Thompson, Waddt, lawyer andM.C.b. Picltcnsville, S.C., Sept. 8, 1793; d. Tallahas- see, Fla., Nov. 23, 1863. S.C. Coll. 1814. Adm. to the bar in Dec. 1819, and attained a high rank in tlie profession. Served in the le- gisl.of S.C. 182G-30; was at one time solicitor for the western circuit ; was brig.-gcn. of mi.i- tia ; M.C. 1 835-4 1 , serving in 1 840 as chairm.in of the com. on military all'airs; and in 1842 was app. minister to Mexico, where he nego- tiated two important treaties, and procured the release of more than 200 Texan ]>nsoncrs. lie had been a eotton-plautcr in Fla., I>ut resided at his homestead near Greenville, S.C, where his father, Judge Waddy, d. 9 Feb. 1845. Author of "Recollections of Mexico," 8vo, 1846. Thompson, William, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. Ireland ; d. at his seat near Carlisle, Pa., Sept. 4, 1781. He was a capt. of horse in the Pa. service in the French war (1759-60). lie afterwards lived at Pittsburg, where ho was joint purchaser of the buildings of old Fort Pitt. In June, 1775, Capt. Thompson was app. col. of the regt. of riflemen wliich marched to the camp at Cambridire; and, Nov. 10, liad a skirmish with the British at Lechinero Point. He was made brig.-gen. March 1, 1776; suc- ceeded Lee in command at New York, Mar. 19 ; and iu April was ordered to Canada to re-en- force Gen. Sullivan, by whose orders he at- tacked the enemy at Three Rivers, June 6, where, by a scries of unfortunate accidents, he and several other officers were taken prisoners. He returaed to Phila. in Aug. on parole, but was not exchanged for more than two years. — Phila. Pacha, Sept. 15, 1781. Thompson, Zadock, naturalist, b. Bridge- water, Vt., May 23, 1796 ; d. Burlington, Vt., Jan. 19, 1856. U.ofVt. 1823. Tutor in 1825, and in 1851 prof, of chemistry and nat. history, in that institution. In 1833 he removed to Hatley, C.E., where, and in Sherbrooke, he was a teacher ; pub. a " Geography of Canada," and studied theology. Ord. deacon in the Prot.-Ep. Church, May 27, 1835 ; returned to Burlington in 1837, and taught in the Vt. Epis. Institute; State geologist 1845-8. He collected andpre- Bci-ved over 3,000 specimens of the productions of Vt. State naturalist from 1 853 to his d. He began authorship with an almanac for 1819; subsequentlymadeastronomical calculations for the Vt. Registers, and for 34 years made similar calculations tor Walton's Eeijister. Hepub. "Ga- zetteer of Vt.," 1824; an "Arithmetic," 1825; edited the Iris and Burlington Lit. Gazette, 1 828 ; Green-Mountain Repositori/, 1832 ; and in 1843 pub. his great work, the " Natural, Civil, and Statistical History of Vt.," pub. with an Ap- pendix in 1 853 ; " Geography and Geologv of Vt.," 12mo, 1848 ; "Journal of a Trip to Lon- don, Paris, and the Great Exhibition of 1851." In June, 1 850, he delivered the annual address before the Boston Society of Nat. Hist., on the " (Jcoloiiv of Vermont.*' Thomson, Charles, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1822), see. of Congress during the Rcvol. war, b. Maghera, Derry, Ireland, 29 Nov. 1729; d. Lower Marion, Montg. Co., Pa., 16 Aug. 1824. In 1741 be with his 3 sisters landed at New- castle, Del., with no other dependence than their industry. Educated by Dr. Allison, he became a teacher at the Friends' Acad, at New- castle. Removing to Phila., he obtained the advice and friendship of Dr. Franklin. In 1753 ho was one of the agents to treat with the Indians at Oswego. The Delawares adopted him, and conferred on him an Indian name which means "one who speaks truth." Sole sec. of Congress from 1774 to 1789, his sen-ices were most efficient. John Adams in hia Diary describes him as " the Sara Adams of Phila., tlie Ufe of the cause of liberty." He was a good classical scliolar. Author of a " Harmo- ny of the Four Gospels," a translation of the did and New Testaments, and an " Inquiry into the Cause of the Alienation of the Dela- ware and Shawnee Indians," &.C., 1759. He m. Hannah Harrison, aunt of Pies. Harrison. Thomson, CiiAr.LES West, Prot.-Epis. cler-yraan, b. Phila. 1798. Author of " The Limner," 12mo, 1822; "Phantom Barge and Other Poems," 1822; " Ellinor and Other Poems," 1826; "The Sylph and Other Po- ems," 1828; "Love of Home and Other Po- ems," 1845 ; contrib. to Doughty's Cabinet of Natural History, " Atlantic Souvenir," " The Gift," " The Token," and other annuals, Gra- ham's Mag., and other periodicals. — Allil'One. Thomison, Edward, D.D. (Ash. U. 1846), LL.D. (Weslcyan U. 1855), bishop M. E. Church, b. Portsea, Eng., Oct. 1810; died Wheeling, Va., 22 Mar. 1870. He came to America in 1819; studied medicine at Phila. and Cincinnati, and began practice in 1829. In 1833 he entered the ministry of the M. E. Church, and was stationed successively at Nor- walk, Sandusky, Cincinnati, Wooster, and Detroit ; in 1837-44 he was pros, of the Nor- walk Sem., then became prof, of mental and moral philos. in the U. of Mich-, and edited the Ladies' Repos. until chosen pres. of the Ohio Wesl. U. in 1846. At the gen. conf. in 1860 he was elected editor of the Christian Adoocate, N.Y. Elected bishop 1864, and made soon after a voyage round the world. Author of " Moral and Relig. Essays," " Biog. and Incidental Sketches," " Educational Es- says," 1856, and "Letters from Europe." Thomson, Samuel, M.D., botanist, and originator of the Thomsonian System of Medi- cal Treatment, b. Alstead, N.H'., 9 Feb. 1769; d. Boston, 1843. Author of " Materia Mediea and Family Phvsieian ; " "New Guide to Health," 1849; "'Life and Medical Discover- ies," Boston, 1822 and 1832. Many years a resident of Boston. Thomson, Col. William, Revol. officer, 1). fti. 1727 ; d. Sweet Springs, Va., Nov. 22, 1796. A relative of Charles, see. of Cong. His parents, who were Irish, removing to St. Matthew's Parish, S.C, young Thomson grew up a frontiersman, and excelled as a marks- man. In March, 1771, he com. a regt. under' Tryon against the Regulators. Sheriff of Orangeburg in 1772; member of the Prov. legisl. ; of the first State conv. ; and in June, THO 907 THO 1775, was made col. 3d S.C. Rejrt., aH practised marksmen. In the winter of 1775-6 he aided in breaking up the camp of the Tory Cunning- ham ; June 28, 1776, he defeated the British attack on the east end of Sullivan's Island, for which disting. service he received the thanks of Gov. Rutledge and of Congress ; he parti- cipated in the attack on Savannah in 1779 ; be- came a prisoner soon after the capture of Charleston, and after his exchange did good service under Gen. Greene. After the war he resumed his pursuits as an indigo-planter, was again sheriff of Orangeburg, and a member of the Slate Const. Convention. Thomson, William I\I., D.D. (Miami U. IS28), lor 25 years a missionary in Syria and Palcsiine. Author of " The Land and the Book," 2 vols. 8vo, 1859 ; and the " Land of Fioinioc," 8vo, 1865. Contrib. to DM. Sa- cra, and to Amer. Bill. Repos. — Allilone. Thorburn, Gu.4.nt, seedsman and author, b. near Dalkeith, Scotland, Feb. 18, 1773; d. N. Haven, Jan. 21, 1863. Beginning life as a nailmaker, he in 1792 became involved in some political movements which led him to emi- grate. He came to America in June, 1794, settled in New York, and, experiencing a check- ered fortune, furnished Johu Gait with some of the incidents of " Laurie Todd." He pub- lished his Autobiography at Boston in 1S34; "Men and Manners in Great Britain," 1834; "Laurie Todd's Hints to Merchants, Married Men, and Bachelors ; " " Laurie Todd's Notes on Virginia;" "Fifty Years' Reminiscences of New York, or Flowers from the Garden of Laurie Todd," 1845. Contrib. to the Kiiick- erbocher Mag., N.Y. Mirror, and more than 20 papers. He was a seedsman in New York many years. Married his third wife when he was 80 years of age; and, during the epidemic in 1798, he and his wife staid in the city, de- voting themselves to the sick and dying. His counsel and his purse were ever at the service of those suffering from want. Thoreau, Henkt David, naturalist and scholar, b. Boston, 12 July, 1817; d. Concord, Ms., 6 May, 18G2. H.U. 1837. His ancestor came from the Island of Guernsey. His father was a manuf. of lead-pencils. At college he had for a companion and fellow-student O. A. Brownson. He taught school in Concord; was for three years an inmate of the family of Ralph Waldo Emerson, supporting himself by pencil-making, carpentering, surveying, and painting, making nearly every year a pedes- trian excursion to the woods and mountams of Me., N. H., and other places. He was well versed in classical and Oriental literature ; was eccentric in his dress, manners, and mode of life ; and, it is said, never went to church, never voted, and never paid a tax to the State. In 1845 he built a small frame-house on the shore of Walden Pond, near Concord, where he lived two years a hermit, in studious retirement. An account of this is given in " AValdcn, or Lifein the Woods," 1854. He was intimate with Hawthorne and with Emerson, who says of him, " Thoreau dedicated his genius with such entire love to the fields, hills, and waters of his native town, that he made them known and in- teresting to all. ... He grew to be revered and admired by his townsmen, who had at first known him only as an oddity. . . . Whilst he used in his writings a certain petulance of re- mark in reference to churches and cluirchmen, he was a person of rare, tender, and ab.solute religion, — a person incapable of any profana- tion." He was never married. Author of " A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers," 1849; "Excursions," 18G3; "Maine Woods ; " " Cape Cod ; " " A Yankee in Cana- da;" "Letters to Various Persons," 1865. A contrib. to the Dial and the Alhmtic MonMi/. — See All. Mo„l!,h;, Aug. 1862; Diycklnck ; N.A. Pteriru; Oct. ISGJ. Thornborough, Sik Edward, a Brit, ailmiral; d. Apr. .3, 1834, a. 78. I^irst lieul. of " The Falcon," sloop, one of the vessels that covered the attack made in 1775 on Bunker's Hill. He « as subsequently wounded in an un- successful attempt to bring out a schooner from Cape-Ann harbor; and in 1780 assisted at the taking of " La Nymphe " by the " Flora," frigate; was made a commander for his con- duct on this occasion ; in 1781 was made post- capt. ; and in 1782, in the " Blonde," frigate, he was wrecked while endeavoring to take a captured ship to Halifax. During the war with France he disting. himself on various occa- sions, particularly in the action with M. Bone- part, for which he received the thanks of par- liament. Rose to the rank of admiral of the white. Thomdike, George Qdinct, ffeme and landscape artist, b. Boston. H.U. 1847. Stud- ied art m Paris, and resides in Newport, R. I. Among his productions arc views of " The Dumplings" and "Lily Pond "at Newport, " Swans in Central Park," and " Wayside Inn." — Tuckerman. Thomdike, Israel, an eminentmerchant, tion; was commissioned by Ms. capt. of the privateer " Warren," 30 Oct. 1776, and rruised with success. Engaging after the peace in commerce with the E. Indies and China, his voyages, planned with judgment, and econom- ica'lly executed, brought him great wealth. Delegate to the conv. that adopted the U.S. Constitution, and several years a member of the legisl., where he exerted great influence. Removed to Boston in 1810. In 1818 he bought the valuable library of Prof. Ebeling of Hamburg, which he gave to Harvard U. It consisted of 4,000 volumes, and was especially rich in Amer. history and antiquities. Late in life he was engaged in successful manufac- turing operations. Thornton, James B., lawyer, charr/g d'af- faires to Peru, b. Merrimack, N.H. ; d. Callao, Jan. 25, 1838, a. 37. Grandson of Matthew the signer. Speaker State legisl. 1829-30. Author of "Digest of the Conveyancing, Testamentaiy, and Registry Laws of the U.S.," 12mo, Phila., 18 a < ul. of militia; and in 1775 iirci.kil iivir the conv. which assumed the govt, in the name of the people of the Colony. He was for a short time a delegate to Congress, taking his seat Nov. 4, 1776; and was a signer of, though not present to vote for, the Declaration. He held the office of chief justice of the Co. of Hillsborough, and after- wards that of judge of the Supreme Court of the State until 1782; was subsequently a mem- ber of the house and of the senate, and in 1783 of the council. He possessed an exceed- ingly tenacious memory, and uncommon pow- ers of mind. Thornton, Sir AVilliam, an Eng. gen. ; d. Stanhope Lodge, near Hanwell, Eng., Apr. 6, 1840. Ensign 89th Foot, March 21, 1796; obtained a majority in 1806, and in Aug. 1807 was app. railit. sec. and first aide-de-camp to Gen. Craig, gov. of Canada. Returning to Eng. in 1811, he was in 1813 app. to the com. of the 85th Rcgt., with which he served in the en- gagements consequent upon the passage of the Rivers Bidassoa, Nivelle, Nive, and Adour, and received a medal for the battle of the Nive. In May, 1814, he com. the light brigade and ad- vance of Gen. Ross's exped. in the first opera- tions in the Chesapeake ; and at the battle of Bladensburg, in which he was severely wounded and made prisoner ; but, being exchanged for Com. Barney, he proceeded in Oct. following with the army destined against New Orleans. He com. the advance of the army on the land- ing of the troops, and in the severe conflict which afterwards took place. He was engaged in all the subsequent affairs which took place in that service until the general attack on the American lines, Jan. 8, 1815, when he com, a detached corps on the right bank of the Mpi. with a co-operating flotiUa of the na^'y, and was severely wounded ; lieut.-gen. 1 838. Thornwell, James Henlet, D.D., cler- gyman and scholar, b. Marlborough Dist., S.C, 1811 ; d. Charlotte, N.C., Aug. 1, 1862. S.C. Coll. Dec. 1829. He began to study law, but soon became minister of Waxhaw (Presb.) Church. In 1836-8 he was prof of logic and belles-lettres in S. C. Coll. ; pastor of the church at Columbia, S.C, 1838. In 1840 he was made prof, of the evidences of Christian- ity, and chaplain on the resignation of Mr. El- liot, but in May, 1832, exchanged this position for the charge of Glebe-street Church, Charles- ton ; and in Dec. 1852-6 was pres. of the S.C. College. He had the charge of the Presb. Theol. Scm. in Columbia until his death. Besides sermons, he pub. " Arguments of Ro- manists discussed ami i^ i'li:-^! in i;< lation to the Apocryphal Bookv , : ' ; imcut," N.Y. 1845; "DiscouvM-. i I , i.-, ; and several articles in the .^ - /■ . / ,- l:.r,,,r. He wrote with zeal and ability in ailvoeaey of seces- sion and slavery. His works have been coll. and pub. by John B. Adgcr, D.D., 2 vols. 8vo, 1871. — Duijckinck. Thorpe, Thomas Bangs, author and painter, b. Westfield, Ms., March 1, 1815. His d. father Thomas, a clergyman of literary genius, d. in N.Y. City at the eariy age of 26. The son passed 3 years at the Middletown Wesl. XJ. ; but, his health failing him, he became a resident of La. in 1836-53. In 1862-3 he was city sur- veyor of N. Orleans under Gen. Butler. In soon liriainr kiiiiwii a- lia' autliMv c ,f a series of Wr~Iirll tali'y. ail. ■] ,tillu lil.' Il.llilr .if '■ Tom Owen, tl.r ISre-llunl.r," a iirw .■..llretion of which, entitled " The liive of the Bee-Hunter," was pub. in N.Y. 1853. For many years he edited a paper in N. Orleans in the interest of Henry Clay. He distiug. himself by his zeal in raising vol-, la i!.. .M i.an war, and was bearer of de- 1 a i ' i Taylor after the taking of Ma:. . I: ] ul.. "in 1846 " Our Army on the I.'h' (iinal- , r..llowed by "Our Army at Monterey ; " " Mysteries of the Back- wood's," 1846; " Linda Weiss, an Autobiog- rai)liy," 8vo, 1854; "A Voice to America, the Model Republic," Svo, 1855. He was an active and eftcctive speaker in the political cam- paign which resulted in the election of Gen. Taylor to the presidency. To Harper's Mag. he has contrib. descriptive articles on Southern life and products, and " The Case of Lady Macbeth Jlcdically Considered." In 1860 he exhibited his largo picture, " Niagara as It Is ; " and has since divided his time equally between literature and art. Throop, Enos T., gov. of N.Y. 1831-3, b. Johnstown, N.Y., Aug. 21, 1784. Ac'quired, while performing the duties of an attorney's clerk, a classical as well as legal education, and settled in Auburn; was M.C. in 1815-16; elected circuit judge in 1823; in 1829 was lieut.-gov. ; and in 1838 was app. charge d'af- faires to the Two Sicilies. Thruston, John Buckner, judge, b. Va. 1763; d. Washington, D.C., Aug. 30, 1845. Son of Charles Mtnn (b. Gloucester Co., Va., 1738; d. 21 Apr. 1812; Wm. and Mary Coll. 1754), a disting. Revol. officer, subse- quently pres. judge of Frederick Co. Court, who in 1809 emig. to Ky. The fine abilities and liberal attainments of Judge Thruston brought him early into public life. App. U.S. judge in the Terr, of Orleans in 1805; U.S. senator THTJ 909 TIL, 1805-Jan. 1810, when he was app. associate juilge of the U.S. Circuit Court, which post he helil till his death. Thumb, Mr. and Mrs. Tom (Charles S. Str.viton). He was b. Bridgeport, Ct., Jan. 1 832. First introduced to the public by P. T. Barnura at the N.Y. Museum, Dec. 8, 1842. Visited Europe in Feb. 1844 ; m. Lavinia War- ren, Feb. 10, 186.3. Slie was b. Middleborough, Ms., Oct. 31, 1842. The pair visited Europe iu 1865. Thurston, Asa, Cong, clergyman, and mis- sionarv to the Sandwich Islands ; b. Fitchburg, Ms., Oct. 12, 1787; d. Honolulu, March 11, 1868. Y.C. 1816; And. Tlieol. Sem. 1819. Until the age of 22, he was a scythe-maker, and was a very athletic man. Ord. a missionary in 1819, he sailed with his wife, reached the Sandwich Islands March 30, 1820, and for more than 40 years resided at Kailua, Hawaii. He was the instructor of two of the kinj;s, and the translator of a large portion of the Bible. — Y. a Ohit. Record. Tichenor, Isaac, LL.D. statesman, b. Newark, N.J., Feb. 8, 17.")4; d. Bennington, Vt., Dec. 11, 1838. N.J. Coll. 1775. While studying law at Schenectady, N.Y., early in 1777, he was app. assist, commiss.-gen., and stationed at Bennington, where he practised law, and became prominent in public affairs. A representative in 1781-4; agent of the State to Congress in 1782 ; member of the State council 1787-92 ; judge of the Supreme Court 1791-4; chief justice 1795-6; member of the council of censors in 1792 and 1813 ; commiss. for adjusting the controversy with N.Y. 1791 ; U.S. senator 1796-7; gov. 1797-1807 and 1808-9 ; and again U.S. senator 1815-21. Ticknor, Caleb B., M.D., physician of N. Y., b. Salisbury, Ct., 1805 ; d. N.Y.City, 19 Sept. 1840. He was one of 3 bros., physicians. Edu- cated at the Berkshire Institute. He adopted homcEopathy, and was a skilful physician. He wrote much for the medical journals, and pub. " Philosophy of Living," a popular work, and a treatise on Medical Philosophy, 12mo, 1838. Luther, his bro., also a physician, b. Jericho, Vt., 1791, d. Salisbury, Ct., 1846. He was a selfmade man, of great energy and perseverance, and was pres. of the Ct. Medical Society. Ticknor, George, LL.D. (H. U. 1850), scholar and author, b. Boston, Aug. 1, 1791 ; d. there 26 Jan. 1871. D.irtm. Coll. 1807. After a diligent study of the classics, he turned his attention to law, and was adm. to the bar in 1813; in 1815 he went to Europe, passed two years at Giittingen in philological studies, and two years more in various capitals, making the acquaintance of Southey and Walter Scott ; chosen in 1817 to the new professorship of modern literature at H.U., he returned home in 1820, and for 15 years occupied this irapi)r- tant position. Resigning in 1835, he visited Europe again with his family, and made exten- sive collections of Spanish literature, the His- tory of which, commenced upon his return in 1840, was pub. in 3 vols, in 1849. It at once took its position as a standard contribution to the history of literature. Beside the research displayed in this great work, his labors as a translator are acknowledged to be exact and fe- licitous. It has been translate! i'l'i t!io S;i:ir;i^h and German. One of the fcuin i ■ . i r, j^K- ton Public Library, and in l-" i iio board of trustees. His otli.i |,,, ,, .u,, "The Remains of Nathaniel A;,|„.i,jii ii.,ici<, " a Life of Lafayette, in the A. ^1. H^view of 1855; "Life of Wm. H. Prescott," 1863; and contribs. to the MoiMu Anlhologij and the ^V. A. Review. Member of the Amer. Academy, Amcr. Philos. Soc, Ms. Hist. Soc., London Antiq. Soc, and corresp. sec. of the Royal Hist. Acad, of Spain. Ticknor, George, lawyer and journalist, b. liobton, Apr. 14, 1822 ; d. Keene, N.H., Dec. 25, 1806. Dartm. Coll. 1847. He began to practise law at Lebanon in 18.50, and at Clare- mont in 1851 ; solicitor for Sullivan Co. 1855- 9 ; and was afterward editor and a proprietor of the N.H. Sentinel at Keene. He pub. " Ga- zetteer and Biog. Sketches of N.H." Ticknor, William D., publisher, b. Leb- anon, N.H., 1810; d. Phila. April 10, 1864. Began book-business in Boston in 1 832 ; w.as the founder and head of the well-known house of Ticknor and Fields. Was the publisher of the works of Longfellow, Holmes, Saxe, Whittier, Lowell, and other leading authors, English and American, and of the Atlantic Monthli/. a maga- zine of high merit and extensive circulation. Tidball, John C, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ohio Co., Va. West Point, 1848. Entering the 3d Art., he accomp. Whipple in his explo- rations for a I'acific-railroad route in 1853-4; capt. 2d Art. May 14, 1861, and participated in the battles in Va. ; com. an art. brigade at Gettysburg; col. 4th N.Y. Art. 28 Aug. 186.3, which he led in the battles of the Wilderness ; brev. brig.-gen. Aug. 1, 1864, and com. the art. brigade of the 9lh corps; and, for gallant and meritorious services at Forts Steadman and Sedgwick, was made brev. maj.-gen. Apr. 2, 1865. He had previously earned the brevets of maj. U.S.A. for Gaines's Mill 27 June, 1862; lieut.-col. 17 Sept. 1862 for Antietam ; col. 13 Mar. 1865 for Fort Steadman; and brig.-gen. for gallant and merit, services during the Re- bellion ; maj. 2d Art. 5 Feb. 1867. — Culhtm. Tiffany, Osmond, of Springfield, Ms.; b. Bait., Md., 1823. Author of the " Canton Chinese," &c., 1849; "Life of Gen. Otho H. Williams," 8vo, 1851; "Brandon, a Tale of the Amer. Colonies; " contrib. to Appleton's Cvclon., and to reviews and mags. — Allibone. "Tiffin, Edward, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1789), the first gov. of Ohio under the constitution of 1802 (1803-7), b. Carlisle, Eng., June 19, 1766 ; d. Chillicothe, Ohio, Aug. 9, 1829. He emig. to the U.S. in 1786, and settled in Charles- town, Va. In 1789 he m. Mary, sister of Gov. Thomas Worrhington. Removed to Chilli- cothe, 0., in 1798. Speaker of Terr, legisl. in 1799; pres. of Ohio Const. Conv. in 1802; U.S. senator 1807-9; in 1812 app. by Pres. Madison commissioner of the gen. land-office ; resigned in 1815, when app. surveyor-gen. of the North-west, which position he held until a short time before his death. — A. T. Gomlmnn. Xu'****' Tilden, Samuel J., hiwver and Dcmoc. / politician, b. New Lebanon, 'Col. Co., N.Y., ^ A'l -TiJ. 1814., His father was a farmer, whose ances- / / torssettledat Scituate, Ms.,in 1636. Hcstud- TIL 910 ied at Y. C. and in N. Y. City ; was a dcIcRato to tlie Assembly in 1846; in the Const. Convs. of 1846 and of 1867; and since 18G1 lias been chairman of the Democ. State Conv. He has been many years prominent in N.Y. politics, and was the trusted adviser of Dean Richmond. He has opened and spoken before many politi- cal meetings of his party, has been engaged in many important trials, and has been exten- sively concerned in railroad enterprises, espe- cially in the West. Tilghman, Edward, an eminent lawyer of Phila., b. Wye, on the Eastern Shore of Md., Dec. II, 17.50; d. Nov. 1, 1815. He sttidied in the best schools of Phila., and in the Middle Temple, London, in 1772-4. He was long a successful practitioner at the Phila. b;ir ; and, on the death of Chief Justice Shippen, the office was tendered to him, but he declined it, and recommended for the app. his kinsman William Tilghman. Tilghman, Gen. Lloyd, b. Md. 1816; killed in the battle of Baker's Creek, Mpi., May 16, 1863. West Point, 18.36. 2d licut. 1st Dragoons until Sept. 1836; he then re- signed, and was a railroad engr. until 1841. During the Mexican war he was aide to Col. Twiggs at Palo Alto and Rcsaca de la Palma ; com. a body of vols, in Oct. 1846; superin- tended the defences of Matamoras in Jan. 1847; com. a light-artillery companv in Col. Hughes's regt. May, 1847-July 24, "1848; be- came principal assist, engineer on the western division of the Panama Railroad in 1849 ; after- ward settled in Ky., and, when the civil war began, was app. by the State authorities, who then proposed to remain neutral, to com. the eastern division of the State militia, with the rank of col. He became a gen. in the Confed. army ; com. at Fort Henry, and was included in its surrender to Flag-Officer Foote, Feb. 6, 1862. He was confined in Fort Warren, in Boston harbor, but was exchanged in July, and afterward attached to the army under Gen. Bragg, and ordered to Vicksburg. Tilghman, Col. Tench, b. Baltimore, 1744 ; d. there April 18, 1786. Son of James, and liro. of Judge Wm. Tilghman. Before the Revol. he was a merchant. Was confiden- tial sec. and aide-de-camp to Washington (app. Aug. 1776) during the Revol. ; app. lieut.- col. Apr. 1777. He bore to Congress the news of the surrender of Cornwallis, who, Oct. 29, 1781, voted him their plaudit of his merit and abilities. Washington said of him in 1781, " He has been in every action in which the main army was concerned, and has been a faithful assistant to me for nearly 5 years, a great part of which time he refused to receive pay." Tilghman, William, LL.D. (H U. 1814), jurist, b. Talbot Co., Md., Aug. 12, 1756; d. Phila. April 30, 1827. James, his father, was sec. of the proprietary land-office, and member of the council. After the removal of the family to Phila., Wm. studied law under Benj. Chew in 1772; was adm. to the Md. bar in 1783, and in 1793 began practice in Phila. ; app. chief judge of the U.S. Circuit Court, Mar. 3, 1801 (the law establishing thisoffice was repealed the next year, when he resumed practice) ; was in July. 1803, app. president of the C.C.P. in the first dist. ; and in Feb., 1 806, chief justice of the State Sup. Court. In 1788, and several suc- cessive years, he was a member of the Md. legisl. He was elected president of the Philos. Society in 1824. He prepared in 1809, by direction of the legisl., a report of the English statutes in force within the State. Pub. in 1818 a eulogium on Dr. Wistar, and in 1820 an address before the Phila. Soc. for promoting Agriculture. — See Life bi/ J. Colder, 8vo, 1829. Tillary, James, M.D., phvsician, b. Scot- land ; d. N.Y. 1818, a. ab. 67." After receiving a good classical and medical education, the lat- ter at Edinburgh, he became a surgeon in the British army, with which he came to New York at an early ])eriod of the Revol. war. For more than 40 years he practised medicine and surgery in that city, di^|llaying high profes- sional merit. Many years pres. of the N. Y. Med. Society. During the pestilence of 1795 and '98 he devoted himself to his suffering fel- low-citizens, by whom he was afterward re- warded with the office of resident physician. — T/iarhcr. Tilley, Chev. Le Gakdecr de, a French naval officer, of a Canadian familv, of which M. de St. Pierre (on the Ohio in 1753) was of the other branch, — the Le Gardeur de Repen- tigny. He in 1781 com. the squadron which pursued Arnold in Chesapeake Bay, and took " The Romulus " (44) and several transports. In 1789 he was a commodore, and com. the 8th squadron at Rochefort. Tilley, Samuel Leonard, Canadi.an statesman, b. Queen's Co., N,B., 8 May, 1818. Educated at the grammar-school. Entered the Assembly from St. John's in 1851 ; member of the govt, and prov. see. of New Brunswick Nov. 1854-May, 1855; re-app. in July, 1857, and was leader of the govt. Mar. 1861-Mar. 1865 ; member of the govt, and prov. sec. since Apr. 1866 ; delegate to Canada upon the ques- tions of inter-colonial trade and railways 1861- 3, and in 1864 on the question of union ; also to the imperial govt, on the same subjects in 1861-2 and in 1866-7; minister of customs in the Dominion govt, since 1867. — Men of the Time. Tillinghast, Francis, judge, h. B. I. 1743; d. E. Greenwich, R.L, 26 Aug. 1821. An active patriot of the Revol. ; was some time member of the Assembly ; M.C. 1797-9 and 1801-3; some years judge of the Supreme Court. Tillinghast, Joseph Leonard, lawyer and scholar, b. Taunton, Ms., 1791 ; d. Provi- dence, R.I., Dec. 30, 1844. Brown U. 1819. He removed to R.I. in his boyhood ; studied law, and devoted himself to its practice in Providence with marked success ; and to him is due the improved judiciary and free-school sys- tem of the State. Many years a representative to the State Assembly, during a great part of the time filling with great ability the post of speaker; and was M.C. in 1837-43. He pub. "Oration on Gen. Greene," 1813; "Eulogy on Adams and Jefferson," 1826 ; "Address on Domestic Industry," 1827; speeches in Con- gress, &o. TIXi 911 TOT) Tillinghast, Pardov, minister of Provi- dence, H.I., trom 1645 to his d. Jan. 29, 1718, b. Beaeliy Head, Eng., 1622. He built, at his own expense, a meeting-house at the north end of the town in 1700. In 1689 he pub. a tract on Baptism, which was replied to by George Keith the Quaker. Nicholas his grandson, judge and lieut.-gov. of II. I. {b. Prov. 25 Mav, 1726, d. Taunton, 26 Feb. 1797), was a lov.alist. Tilton, James, M.D. (Phila. Coll. 1771), an eminent phvsician, b. Kent Co., Del., June 1,1745; d. n.'nr WiiminL'f.n, Del., May 14, 1822. After an ■■ ■ ' :m ' hi.-ation at Not- tingham undir 1' 1 studied at the Phila. Medical .s> . _ ;iii- with its first class. He pratu^cd in iJ.nn, Del., till 1776, when he relinquished a lucrative practice to become a surgeon in a Del. regt., with which he served at Long Island and VVhite Plains. Early in 1777 he was made hospital-surgeon, and held that post throughout the war. In the hard winter of 1779-80 he improved the hos- pital huts by having earthen instead of wooden flooring. When the army was disbanded, ho resumed practice in Dover ; was a delegate to the Cont. Congress in 1783-5; was repeatedly a member of the State legisl. ; was commiss. of loans 1785-1801 ; and iu 1812 was app. physician and surgeon -gen. U. S. A. The climate of Dover compelled his removal to the hills of New Castle, where he soon obtained full practice, and secured the confidence of the people. After practising several years in Wil- mington, he purchased and improved a small farm in the vicinity, to which ho removed. In July and Aug. 1813 he examined the hospitals of the northern frontier, into which he soon in- troduced salutary changes, according to the principles of his work on " Military Hospitals." Many years prcs. of the Med. Society of Del. Beside the above-named work he pub. papers on the Curculio, on Peach-Trees, and the Diseases and Insects to which they are sub- ject; "Answers to Queries on the State of Husbandry in Delaware." — Thachrr. Tilton, Theodore, author, b. N.Y. City, 2 0ct. 18:!5. Y. C. From 1856 to 1871 he was connected with the Independent, of which he was some years editor. He h.as pub. the Amer. Board and Amer. Slavery, 18mo, 1860 ; Memorial of Mrs. Browning, prefixed to her last poems, 1862; "The Fly," 1865; " Golden-haired Gertrude," 1S65 ; " The Two Hungrv Kittens," 1865; " The King's Rin-," 1866; '"The True Church," 1867; "The Sexton's Tale and Other Poems," 1867. He has also pub. many tracts and speeches chiefly in opposition to slavery ; contrib. to " Lyrics of Loyalty " and to " Eminent Women of the Age," and is preparing for publication a col- lection of his essays and sketches. — AUibone. Timon, John, D.D., H.C. bishop of Buf- falo (conscc. 17 Oct. 1847) ; d. there 16 Apr. 1867; b. Pa. 1795. Educated at Baltimore, and at the "Barrens," Mo. He was many years a missionary in the West, and became vicar apostolic of Texas ; he was greatly beloved, and. during the Rebellion, was devoted to the national cause. Tingey, Thomas, commo. U.S.N., b. Eng. 1730; d. Washington, D.C.. 23 Feb. 1829. App. capt. U.8.N. 3 Sept. 1798; com. "The Ganges" (24) in 1799 ; captured many French armed vessels. He had been 50 years in the U.S. naval service, and 28 years in command of the Washington navy-yard. Titcomb, Jonathan, Revol. patriot, b. Newbury, Ms., 1728 ; d. 1817. Member of tho com. of 'safety and the Prov. Congress 1774-5 ; col. of a reg't. in the R. I. exped. in 1778; member of the State Conv. 1780; brig.-gen. of militia; naval officer of Newbury port 1789- 1812. Titcomb, Col. Moses, of Newbury ; killed at the battle of Lake George, Sept. 8, 1755. He was a major in Hale's Essex regt. at the capture of Louisburg in 1745, and ren- dered great service there. Tocqueville (tok'-vil), Alexis Chakles Henui Ci.erel de, LL.D., a French pub- licist, b. Paris, July 29, 1805; d. Cannes, Apr. 15, 1859. Great-grandson of Male,'>herbes. Adm. to the bar of Paris, he was in 1826 made a judge in Versailles, and in 1830 was pro- moted. In 1831 he was, with Gustave do Beaumont, sent on a mission to the U.S. to examine the penitentiary system ; and a full report of their observations was pub. in 1832, entitled " Du Si/sleme Penitentiaire mix iSlals- Unis," translated into English by Francis Lieber, 1833. De Tocqueville made himself thoroughly acquainted with the political .and social institutions of the country, and pub. in 2 vols. 8vo, Paris, 1835, " De' la Democratie anx ^tats-Uiiis;" and was rewarded in 1836 with a prize by the French Institute, and in 1837 by his nomination to the Acad, of Moral and Political Science, and in 1841 totheFrench Acad. It was translated by Henry Reeve, with a preface and notes by J. C. Spencer, 8vo, 1838, and abridged by the latter, under the title of " American Institutions and their Influence," N.Y. 1856. Elected in 1839 to the chamber of deputies, he sat with the most moderate members of the opposition; was in 1840 iho reporter of a com. upon slavery, and advocated the establishment in Franco of the American penitentiary system. He foretold the revol. of 1848, and' in the constituent assembly strongly opposed socialism and ultra-demo- cratic measures. He was app. by Gen. Ca- vaignac to represent France in the diplomatic conferences at Brussels upon Italian affairs. June 3, 1849, he bcc.-ime minister of foreign affairs, and strongly supported the French exped. to Rome ; but, dis.satisfied with the policy of Louis Bonaparte, resigned his office before the end of tho year, and s.at with the opposition. Dec. 2, 1851, he was one of tho deputies who protested against the coup d'eiai, and was incarcerated, hut was released in a few davs. Withdrawing from public life, he in 1856 pnb. " L'Ancien Rg/ime et la RimhUion." In 1859 his "CEnvres el Correspondiince lngdil£t" was pub. with a biog. notice by his friend G. de Beaumont. — Appleton. Tod, David, statesman, b. Youngstown, O., Feb. 21, 1805; d. there Nov. 1.3, 1868. Son of Judge George Tod ; received from him a careful and thorough training, and in 1827 was adm. to the bar, practising at Warren 15 912 years. In 18.3S he defeated his Whig competi- tor for the State senate ; in 1840 he took the stump lor Van Burcn ; in 1844 he was nomi- nated t;ov., and was beaten by a few votes ; minister to Brazil 1847-52 ; a delesjate to the Charleston Convention in 1860, he warmly supported Mr. Doui;las, and was first vice-pres. of that body ; when the southern wing of the Democ. party withdrew at Baltimore, Mr. Tod became presiding officer. He warmly advo- cated the peace measures before and after the Pence Congress at Washington. Elected gov. of 0. in 1862 by an overwhelming majority, he gave to the govt, a firm, unflinching support during his term of two years. Tod, George, lawyer and jurist, b. Saf- field, Ct., 11 Dec. 1773 ; d. Warren Co., 0., 11 Apr. 1841. Y.C. 1795. In 1800 he settled in Georgetown, 0. State senator in 1804-5; judge of the Sup. Court 1806-9; pres. judge 3d judici.ildist. 1815-34; and was subsequently prosec.-atty. for Warren Co. Lieut.-col. in the war of 1812, and disting. in defence of Fort Meigs in May, 1813. Father of Gov. Tod. Todd, Col. Charles Scott, b. near Danville, Ky., Jan. 22, 1791 ; d. Baton Uouge, La., 17 Jlay, 1871. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1809. Son "of Judge Thomas. App. ensign Ky. Vols. ; brig, quartm. and judge-advoeate of Winchester's division 1812 ; capt. 28th Inf. Mav, 1813 ; aide to Gen. Harrison in battle of the" Thames ; assist, insp.-gen. Nov. 1, 1813 ; insp.-gun. (rank of col.) Mar. 2, 1815; see. of state of Ky. 1817 ; member of the legisl. 1817- 18; coiilidential agent to Colombia in 1820-1 ; cnvoy-extr. and minister-plenipo. to Russia 1841-5. Author of "Sketches of Civil and Military Services of W. H.Harrison," 1840. Edited the Cincinnati Republican in 1840. Todd, Eli, M.D., b. New Haven, July 22, 1769; d. Hartford, Ct., Nov. 17, 1833. Y.C. 1 787. He established himself in 1 790 at Farm- ington, Ct., in his profession ; in 1819 removed to Hartford, where he had an extensive practice, and took the lead in founding the Retreat for the Insane, of which he was the physician from its foundation, Apr. 1, 1824, till his death. Pres. of the Ct. Med. Society, and of the Hop- kins Med. Association. Todd, Col. John, b. Pa. ; killed at the battle of Blue Licks, Ky., Aug. 19, 1782. Educated in Va. by his uncle, Rev. John ; set- tled as a lawyer at Fincastle, Va. ; emig. to Ky. in 1775, and in 1776 located land near Lexington. He accomp. Col. G. R. Clarke's exped. against Kaskaskia and Vineennes, and succeeded Clarke in the com. of Kaskaskia. The Va. legisl. in 1777 app. him col. com. of the country which was erected into the county of Illinois. Col. of a frontier regt. in 1778; delegate to the Va. legisl. in 1 780. — Collins. Todd, John, D. D. (Wins. Coll. 1845), clergvman and author, b. Rutland, Vt., Oct. 9, 1800. Y.C. 1822; Andover Som. 1823; and ord. minister of the Cong, church at Gro- lon, Jan. 3, 18#. In 1833 he was settled over the Edwards Church, Northampton ; in 1836 over the First Cong. Church in Phila. ; and from Feb. 1842 to Sept. 1870 was pastor of the First Cong. Church, Pittsficld, Ms. He was a founder of the Mt. Holyoke Female Sera. Author of "Lectures to Children," 2 vols.; "Student's Manual;" " The Sabbath- school Teacher," 1836; "The Lost Sister of Wyoming." 1841; "Bible Companion;" "Great Cities, their Moral Influence," 1841 ; " The Young Man," 1843 ; " Simple Sketches," 2 vols. 1843 ; " The Daughterat School," 1854; "Summer Gleanings," 1852; "Truth made Simple," 1839 ; " Stories on the Shorter Cate- chism," 2 vols. 1850; "The Angels of the Iceberg," 1859; "Index Rerum," 1835; "Sunset Land," 1869; "Future Punish- ment," 1863; "Mountain Gems," 1864; " The Water-Dove, and Other Gems," 1868 ; "Sketches and Incidents," 1866; "Polished Diamonds," 1866; "Hints and Thoughts for Christians," 1867; "Serpents in the Dove's Nest," 1867; "Woman's Ri<;hts," 1867; "Mountain-Flowers," 1869; sermons, orations, &c. ; contril). to Sarlain's and tiriiliam's Maga- zines and other periodicals. Todd, Thom.vs, jurist, b. King a.id Queen's Co., Va., Jan. 23, 1765; d. Feb. 7, 1826. ' Left an orphan at 11. He received a good Englisli education ; was a soldier of the Revol. ; emig. to Ky. in 17S6, and began to practise law at Danville. Clerk of the Dist. Court of Ky. until 1799; clerk of the Court of Appeals 1799-Dec. 1801 ; judge of that court 1801-6; chief justice of Ky. 1806-7; assoe. judge TJ.S. Sup. Court, March 3, 1807, to his death. Father of Col. C. S. Todd. — Collins. Toler, Richard H., 23 years editor T^yncA- hirq I'irginian ; d. Richmond, Va., 1848, a. 49. Torn ("Blind Tom"), an extraordinary musical prodigy, b. a slave in Columbus, Ga., ab. 1838. Blind from birth, and possessing little intelligence, he yet can repeat accm-ately upon the piano the most difficult mnsic after once hearing it. The greatest musicians of the age have put his genius to the severest tests, and he has always triumphed. Brought north by his master in 1860, he first appeared in New York at Hope Chapel, Jan. 15, 1861, and has since travelled over America and Europe. Tomes, Robert, M.D. (U. of Edinb.), author, b. New-York Citv, 1816. Wash. Coll. 1837. He studied physic at Phila., at Edin- burgh, and in the Paris hospitals ; engaged in practice at N. York ; and made several voyages as surgeon in the employ of the Pacific Mail Steamship Co. He pub. " Panama " in 1855 ; "Lives of Richard Coeur de Lion and Oliver Cromwell," 1855-6; "The Bourbon Prince," 1853; "The Champagne Country," 1867; assisted in preparing " Commodore Perry's Naval Exped. to Japan," 1855, and the Ameri- can matter in Applcton's " Cycloptedia of Bi- ography," 1856. He has pub. in serial form " Battles of America by Sea and Land," and " The War with the South, a History of the Great American Rebellion ;" and has contrib. articles for the Literary World, Evening Post, Harper's Weekly, and Harper's Mag. — Dui/c- kinrk. Tomlinson, Gideon, LL.D., lawyer and statesman of Ct., b. Stratford, Dec. 31, 1780; d. Fairfield, Oct. 8, 1854. Y.C. 1802. Gide- on his grandfather, an officer at the capture of Ticondoroga, d. Stratford, Ct., 1766, a. 34. TOM He practised law in Fairfield ; was M.C. in 1S18-27; gov. IS27-31 ; U.S. .senator 1831-7. Tomo-ohi-chi, Mico or Chief of the Ya- macraws, and a warm friend of tlie Kii.'lish settlers of Geor'jia; d. m.u s,,v ,,,iii,,li .."oct. 1739. He accomp. Gen, i ' ■ I'n'- Iand in 1734, and was im 1 ill' — See Uist. Sketch o/ y.- , ,, ',: ' c r Jones, Albany, 18G6. "" Tompkins, Daniel D., Vice-President of the U.S., b. Suarsdale, Westcliester Co., JN.I., June 21, 1774; d. Staten Island, Juno 11, 1825. Col. Coll. 179.5. His father Jona- than G. was a I inner and a patriot of the Kevol., durin),' the whole of which he was a member of thelegisl. The son was in 179C adm. to the bar of N.Y. City. His talents soon brou-hi him into notice. In 1801 he was a member of the State Const. Conv.; also served in the legisl. ; M.C. in 1804-5; the Supreme Court in 1804; was gov. of the State in 1807-17, and vice-prcs. of the U.S. in 1817-25; he was a chancellor of the Uni- versity ; in 1821 a delegate to the State Const, tonv., and was afterwards app. its. pres. In poUtics.he belonged to the JcHfersoiiian school, and lent an efficient support to the national govt, during the war of 1812, in which he com. the 3d military dist. ; and by his exertions troops, and sending them 10, 1 ,05 ; b. Apr. 20, 1GG5. H. U. 1C84 He taught school some years at Newbury. His gravestone is thus inscribed : — intry. " Here in a tyrant's hand doth captive 1 A rare synopsis of divinity." His last sermons. Heaven the Best Co were pnb. in 1712. Tonya, Patrick, a British gen., gov. of EastiTlorida 1775-83; d Lond. 30 Dec. 1804 a._ 79^ App. a capt. in the Cth Dragoons, May 15, 1751, with which he served in Germany m 1758; in 1761 was lieut.-col. of the 104th, and attained the rank of gen. Jan. 1, 1798 Toombs. KODEET, politician, b. Washing- ^ . ^^ ton, Wilkes Co., Ga., July 2, 1810. Un. CoU. 1828. Ho read law at the U. of Va., and prac- tised It until his election to Congress in 1845 ; he was a capt. of vols, under Gea. Scott in the „„„ :„.i e .'-^'■'^'^■'warof 1836; was a member of the lower app. judge of branch of the State legisl. in 1837-45, with as a-nv nt ,!,„ the exception of the year 1841 ; M.C. 1S45-33; entered the senate during the 33d Con-n-css ' was re-elected in 1839, and expelled Mar. 14^ 18GI._Ia Congress he served on important committees ; was a prominent member of the extreme Southern party, and, after the election of Pros. Lincoln, was a leader in the secession of Ga. He strongly advocated secession in a speech at Milledgeville, Nov. 15, 1860, and in the field, he contributed largely to the national bcrof U.S. senate, Jan. 7, pur])ose passed, taking eflFect July 4, 1827 was an unsuccessful candidate for the govern- orship in 1820, and was an aspirant for the presidency ; but, owing partly to the careless manner in which he kept his accounts during the war, he was accused of being a defaulter, and in his latter d.iys he was the victim of melancholy, and habits of intemperance. Tompkins, Daniel D., col. U.S.A., b. N.1.1799; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Feb. 26 1863 Hei success im.:™.,.;„i™ - .- .1 1 ■, T tlie Confed. Congress which met at Mont- 23 18 7 he recoml^^ /%? '° "'«^'S;^'• J?"- fomery Feb. 4 ; was p1-ovis. sec. of State from avervin NewVork f '«»' abolition Feb. 21 to Sept. 1861 ; and was a brig.-gen. laveiy in New lork^ and an act for that in the Confcd. army. Up to 1850 he beton-ed to the Whig party. ° Torbert, Ge.v. Alfred T. A., b. Del. West Point, 1 855. Entering the 5th Inf., he served in Florida in 1 83G-7 ; Utah cxped. 1 C J7- 60; capt. 25 Sept. 1861 ; col. 1st N. J. Vols. 16 Sept. 1861 ; engaged in the Peninsular cam- paign ; com^brigade of 6th corps in battles of lanassas. South Mountain (where he was wounded), and at Aiitiitam ; bri-.-gen. vols. 29 wcstPoi,i^i82o:";i^i;h^;f;i;;rp;;;e^g: S'u^ilT^'^'^' '' ■ ''^''Si:"^'"" Capt 31 Dee. 18.35; disting. in engagement Armv of P Ums. of ca^ '■'■th Indians at San Velasco ; and brev. maj. ArmyofPotom.ir. \\ ,i ,;(; andin nu- merous action.^, 11,. i,M,i,, ll:,v.,ss Shop, Cold Harbor, Trevillian Mation, and Darbytown ; cliiefof cavalry in the Shenandoah campaign, and in the battles there in Aug.-Oct 1 864 ; brev. lieut.-col. U.S.A. 28 May, 1864, forkattle of Hawes's Shop; col. 19 Sept. 1864 for Win- chester; brig.-gen. and maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for Cedar Creek, and for gallant and meritorious service during the Rebcliion. Re- signed 31 Oct. 1866. Consul-gen. to Havana 1871. — Cullum. master and physician and y. renowned pJeTof ^S^!^^:^-^:i^ ^^^^^ i^cwjingland. accordinp' to his tnmbitrmo- h v,- ^,f ivr„,-;„.- .:.i„.i ...t .• t ,■ „ ;, uuiy 14. Ib42 : a. Anni 9 171i nil,] .^„l, „f o„,-;ii„ :., .^. e j _^ .i_ . ■ . • ' "' is buried for gallantry in Florida war, Sept. U, 1836"; miarterm. (rank maj.) 22 July, 1842; brev. lieut.-col. for meritorious conduct in Mex. war May 30, 1848; dep. quartermastcr-gen.' (rank Iieut.-col.) 16 Sept. 1851 ; assist, quartermaster- gen, (rank of col.) Dee. 22, 1856. Tompkins, George, jurist; d. near Jef- ferson City, Mo., April 7, 1846, a. 66. He was .Tn eariy settler of Mo. Judge of the Sup. Court 1 828-40 ; chief justice 1 840-6. Tompson, Benjamin, "learned school- id pb T?..;„, -'^?''/'ffT.'''"»'i''j'M°™''^"'n«; b. ry of Mexico, entitled "Monarchia Bramtree, July 14 1642; d. April 9, 1714, and pub. at Seville in 1615, and at Mad HI in 1723. R.. w er, '^■"''y- ?; ^- It^-- ^°" "f Torrey, Charles Turner, a Cuiig. min- ^e n,S' i ^™'""<=<=' ^^'; W''^ ">•''«'<='• Of i^ter, b. Scituate, Ms., 1 813 ; d. Baltimore, .May wherhe w« .".'^ in Boston from 1667 to 1670, 9 1846. Y. C. 1833. He m. a dau. of Re>^ mfthor J ri ^'''°''?''=?; He was the Jacob Ide, D.D. ; and was settled first at WhhiJ-- of T ^'^?y °" ''"=, Kev. Samuel Princeton, and then at Salem, but soon reUn- Whiting of Lynn, m Mather's " Magnalia. " " His chief poem is entitled " New En^and' -" ■Dmickhrh Crisis Tompson, Edward, minister of Marsh- field, Ms., from Oct. 14, 1G96, to his d. March qnishcd his eligible professional position to la- bor for the subversion of African slavery. De- tected in the attempt to aid some slaves" to es- cajw from Md.. he was tried, convicted, and sentenced to a long imprisonment in the State TOR TOXT prison, where he died of consumption. Author of " Home, or the Pilgrim's Kaith Revived," and " Memoir of Wm. R. Saxton," 1838. Torrey, John, M.D., (Coll. of Phys. and Surg. 1818), LL.D., botanist and chemist, b. N.Y. City 1798. He was at one time pros, of the N.Y. Lyceum of Nat. Hist., to the " An- nals " of which he largely contributed. He pub. in 1817 a catalogue of the plants growing within 30 miles of N.Y. ; in 1824 the tirst vol. of the "Flora of the Northern U.S. ;" and in 1826 his" Compendium" of the same. Inl838, with his former pupil. Dr. Asa Gray, he com- menced the more extended " Flora of N. Amer- ica," which he carried as far as the close of the great order Composltw. He has also prepared the botanical part of the Reports of the Nat. Hist. Soc. of the State of N.Y. (2 vols. 184.3-4), and in connection with Dr. Gray has examined and described in the govt, cxploring-expeds. a l.irge portion of the new plants, shrulis, and trees col- lected by those expeditions. He has also been actively occupied in chemical and mincralogi- cal investigations. In 1824 he was prof, of chemistry in the West-Point Milit. Acad ; prof, of botany and chemistry in the Coll. of Phys. and Surg., N.Y., 1827-55, when he was made emeritus prof. ; from 1828 to 1854 he was prof, of ch'-'mistry at N.J. Coll. ; and since IS.j'i has been as.sayor in the U.S. assay-office, N.Y. In 18C0 he presented to Columbia Coll., N.Y., hi* valuable herbarium. — Appleton. Torrey, Joseph, D.D. (H.U. 1850), Cong, clergyman, and scholar, b. Rowley, Ms., Feb. 2, 1797; d. Burlington, Vt., Nov. 26, 1867. Daitm. Coll. 1816; And. Thcol. Scm. 1819. Ord. and settled as pastor at Royalton, Vt., 1819-27; prof, of Greek and Latin in the U. of Vt. 1827-42; prof, of intcU, and moral phi- los. from 1 842 until his decease ; and pres. of the U. from 1363 until compelled by ill-health to resign in 1865. Ho edited Dr. Jas. March's unpub. papers, accompanying them with an interesting Memoir ; and also edited ably, and with great care, Neandor's " Church History." He edited Dr. Worthington Smith's sermons, and prefixed a Memoir. Torrey, Capt. Willi.^ji, of 'Weymouth, one of the first military officers and authors of the Ms. Colony; was a justice of the peace, a freeman in 1642, several years a representative, usually clerk of the deputies, and capt. of the train-baud, — as high a rank as then existed. He was a good penman, " skilled in Latin," and wrote a book on the millennium, entitled " A Discourse concerning Futurities to Come, written by a Very Old Man in Continual Ex- pectation of his Translation into Another Life and World," a 4to of about 60 pages, 2d ed., with a preface by Prince, 8vo, 1757. — Eliot. Totten, George Muirsox, engineer, b. N. Haven, Ct., May 23, 1809. Partridge's Milit. Acad. 1826. He became a civil cngr. at 18, and until 1844 was employed on railroads and canals in Ms., Ct., Pa., N. J., Va., and N.C. He was next engaged for 5 years on the surrey and construction of the Canal del Dir/iie in N. Granada; and in 1849 was app. engr.-in- chief of the Panama Railroad, which in 1 855 he successfully completed. He has since been engaged in enginecrmg in the U.S. Totten, Joseph Gilbert, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. New Haven, Ct., Aug. 23, 1788; d. Washington, D.C., Apr. 22, 1 S64. West Point (lieut. of engineers), 1805. Capt. 31 July, 1812 ; chief cngr. of the array in the campaigns of 1812-13 on the Niagara ; disting. in capture of Fort George, 27 May, 1813 ; brev. maj. for meritorious service, June 6, 1813; chief cngr. of Gens. Izard and Macomb's div. in 1814 at Lake Charaplain ; brev. liiut.-col. for gallant conduct at the battle of Plattsburg, Sept. II, 1814; maj. Nov. 12, 1818; lieut.-col. May 24, 1S28; col. and chief engr. Dec. 7, 1838 ; chief cngr. of the army of Gen. Scott in the siege of Vera Cruz ; commiss. at capitulation of Vera Cruz, Mex., March 25, 1847 ; brev. brig.-gen. for gallantry at the siege of Vera Cruz, 29 Mar. 1847. A regent of the Smithsonian In- stitution 1846-64. Brig.-gen. and cliiof of en-rs. U.S.A. 3 Mar. 1803; brev. maj.--en.21 April, 18G4. The fortifications of NLW],ort, R.I. , and other defensive work i built by him, arc enduring monuments to his memory. Au- thor of "Report on the Subject of National Defences," Washington, 1851; and translator of " Vicat on Mortars." — Cullum. Toucey, Isaac, LL.D., politician and law- yer, b. Newtown, Ct., Nov. 5, 1796; d. Hart- lord, July 30, 1869. Descended from Rev. Thos., first Cong, minister of Newtown (Y.C. 1707). He received a common-school educa- tion ; adopted the profession of law ; was adm. to the Hartford bar in 1818, and was State- ntty. for his native county in 1822-35; M.C. 1835-9; State-atty. 1842-4; gov. of Ct. in 1S46-7; in 1848-9 U.S. atty.-gen.; State sena- tor in 1851; member of the Assembly in 1S52; U.S. senator 1852-7; and from 1857 to 1861 sec. of the nary. He wielded a powrrfiil influ- ence by his coolness, deliberation, and judicial cast of mind. "In justice to his luimory it must be said, that the charges made again t him, that, while sec. of the navy under Mr. Bu- chanan, ho deliberately sent away our vesseis to distant seas to prevent their use in suppressing secession at its commencement, and that h.i favored and aided secession, have very sli-ht foundation in truth. He avowed that he oi> posed secession in the cabinet as wholly inad- missible under the Constitution; though his personal feelings were known to be with the South, and in opposition to the war." Toulmin, Harry, jurist and author, b. Taunton, Eng., 1767; d. Washington Co., Ala., Nov. 11, 1823. Son of the eminent Dr. Joshua Toulmin. Was a dissenting minister for several years at Chorobert, Lancashire; came to Norfolk, Va., in 1793 ; pres. of Tran- sylv. U. 1 794-6 ; sec. of state of Ky . 1 796-1 804 ; app. judge of U.S. Dist. Court of Mpi. 1804. Compiled " Digest of Territorial Laws of Ala." in 1823. Assisted in framing the constitution of Ala. in her conv., and served in her legisl. Author of "Description of Kentucky," 8vo, 1792; "Magistrate's Assistant," 8vo; "Sup- posed Welsh Indians," Nic. Jour., 1S09 ; " Col- lection of the Acts of Kentucky," 1802 ; with James Blair, " Review of the Crim. L.aw of Ky.," 8vo, 1804. Touro, JuDAH, philanthropist, of Jewish descent, b. Newport, R. I., June 16, 1775; d. TOTJ 915 N. Orleans, Jan. 18, 1S54. His father, Rev. Isaac, came from Holland, and in 1762 became priest of the synagogue at Newport. In 1798 Judah sailed as supercargo to the Mediterra- nean for his uncle. During the voyage, the ship in which he sailed came oil" victorious in a desperate conflict with a French privateer. Af- ter residing some time in Boston, he in 1802 removed to New Orleans, where he became a merchant, and acquired a fortune, wliich he be- queathed principally to the public institutions of that city. In 1815 he served as a soldier at the battle of New Orleans, and was wounded in the hip by a cannon-ball, from the clTccts of which he never entirely recovered. Though of the Jewish faith, he contributed liberal sums to many Christian enterprises, among which may be mentioned the donation of a valuable building-lot to the cong. of Rev. Mr. Clapp for the Fii-st Cong. Church of N.O. He gave SIO.OOO towards the Bunker-hill Monument. Toussaint L'Ouverture (too-san loo- vgr'tur'), FuAxgois Dominique, a Haytien gen., b. near Cape St. Francois, 1743; d. in the dungeon of St. Joux, France, Apr. 27, 1803, of starvation. His parents were negro slaves. By intelligence and faithfulness he was raised to important posts on his master's estate, and was able to acquire some mental cultivation. In 1791, when the mulattoes ap- pealed to the negroes for help against the tyr- anny of the colonial govt., Toussaint incurred the hostility of his race by remaining quiet and faithful. He joined the negro army subse- quently in a medical capacity ; was soon made brig.-gen. ; disting. himself by the capture of the entire armyof Brandicourt, the gen. of the whites, also taking Doudon, an important post; July 27, 1795, he took Marmelade, an- other important post, defeated the French col. Desfourneaux, and seized Emery and Gonaives. Toussaint soon after declared for France, being already com. in chief of the black forces, formed a junction with Laveaux, received the ca- pituliition of the entire English force at St. Mare, and drove the Spanish from the W. por- tion of the island. In 1796 he was app. com.- in-chief of St. Domingo by Santhonax, the French commiss., and succeeded in restoring order and industry to the island; in 1799 he completely quelled the mulatto insurrection of Rigaud ; Nov. 26, 1800, he assumed the govt, under the French Directory alone; and in Jan. 1801 the whole island became subject to his sway. He labored successfully to restore in- dustry, to remove prejudice, and to establish good order. A constitution was drawn up; he was named prcs. for life ; and free trade was established. These measures gave so much offence to Bonaparte, who had not been con- sulted previously, that he at once resolved to use a disaffected portion of his then unem- ployed army to subjugate and re-enslave the blacks. Gen. Leclerc was sent in Nov. 1801 with 30,000 men ; drove them, after a sangui- nary conflict, from the seaports into the moun- tain fastnesses, and finally, by promises and cajolery, won over Christophe, Dessalines, and the other generals. The destruction of Tous- saint having been determined upon, he was invited to an interview at Gonaives with Gen. Brunet ; was seized by an armed force, and taken to France; reached Paris Aug. 17, 180i; was confined in the Temple, and without a trial was transferred to the dungeons of the Castle of Joux, in the dpt. of Doubs. Deprived of all society, subjected to intense cold, with insufiS- cient clothing and food, the heroic old man appealed repeatedly, but in vain, for a trial. Finding that his appeals for a trial produced no response, he commenced his defence, which was transmitted to Bonaparte. His Memoirs have been pub. by Saint-Re'my, Paris, 1850; by J. R. Beard, London, 1853; and by J. Red- path, 1863 ; and he was made the subject of a lecture by Wendell Phillips, 1863. Toussard, Col. Louis, b. France, 1749; d. N. Orleans ab. 1820. Originally an artillery- officer in the regt. of La Fere. In Mar. 1777 he arrived in America with other oflScers recom- mended by Silas Deane; in June received a lieutenant's commiss. ; was afterward aide to Lafayette; lost an arm at Rhode Island in the fall of 1778; and soon after received from Congress the brev. of lieut.-col. and a pension for life. He afterward served the Frencli govt, in tlie \V. Indies. He returned to the U.S. in 1794; was app. major in Feb. 1795; lieut.-col. 2d Art. in 1800; disb. Jan. 1802. Afterward French consul at N. Orleans (1812- 15). Author of " Artillerist's Companion," 2 vols. 8vo, Phila., 1809. Tower, Zealous Bates, brev. maj.-gon. U.S.A., b. Boston ab. 1819. West Point, 1841 (first in his class). Received his early cdm-atlun at the Boston High School. App. 2d licnt. of engrs. ; assist, prof, of eng. Aug. 31, 1S42, to Apr. 4, 1843; brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Cerro Gerdo, April 18 ; capt. for gallantry at Contrcras and Cliurubusco, Aug. 20 ; and ma- jor for gallantry at Chapultepee, Sept. 8, 1847 ; made Ut lieut. Apr. 24, 1847 ; capt. 1 July, 1855; major, Aug. 6, 1861 ; lieut.-col. Nov. 4, 1865; brig.-gen. vols. Nov. 23, 1861; chief engr. of defences of Fort Pickens, Fla., Feb. 1861 to May, 1862; and in the Northern Va. campaign, July-Aug. 1862 ; was in the battles of Cedar Mountain, Rappahannock Station, and Thoroughfare Gap. He com. a brigade in the second battle of Bull Run, and was wound- ed ; was chief engr. of the defences of Nash- ville, Tenn., 28 Sept. 1864 to July, 1865: en- gaged in repulse of Hond, and battle of Nash- ville, 15 and 16 Dec. 1864. Member of the board of cngrs. since 18 May, 1867; brev. lieut.- col. 23 Nov. 1861 for the defence of Fort Pickens, Fla.; col. for Cedar Mountain 9 Aug. 1862; brig, and m.ij. gen. U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865, for battle of Groveton, Va., and for gal- lant and merit, services during the Rebellion. He puh. in 1843 " Illustrations of the Croton Aqueduct," 4to, plates. — Ciillum. Town, Itiiiel, architect, b. Thompson, Ct., 1784; d. N. Haven, Ct., 13 June, 1844. Author of Descript. of his Improvement in Construction of Bridges, 8vo, 1821, 4to, N.Y., 1839; and Schoolhouse Architecture. He also pub. Adm. Sir George Collier's Journal in the "Rainhow," 1776-9, N.Y., 1835. Towne, Salem, LL.D., teacher, and com- Kiler of school-books, b. Belehertown, Ms., larch 5, 1 779 ; d. Greencastle, Ind., Feb. 24, 016 XO'V^^ 1864. Son of Gen. Salem, a Revol. officer (I). O.xford, 2 Nov. 1746; d. Cliarlion, Ms., 23 July, 1825), a resident of Aurora, N.Y. ; 40 years a teacher in N.Y. He was at one time a nieinberof the N.y. senate. Author of " Specu- lative Masonry," 1818; " Analysis of Deriva- tive Words," 18-36; also a series of Readers and Spellers. Towns, George W. B., statesman, b. Wilkes Co., Ga., Mav 4, ISOl ; d. Macon, Ga., July lo, 1854. Of a Va. family. His father >vas distini;. at the battles of Cowpcns and Eutaw. Commencinp; life as a merchant, be was adm. to the bar of Ala. in 1824, and for a time edited a political paper. In 1826 he set- tled iji Talbot Co., Ga. ; served several years in both branches of the State legisl. ; was M.C. in 1S3.-.-9 and in 1845-7 ; and was gov. of Ga. in 1847-51. — Miller, Bench and Bar of Ga. Townsend, Edward Davis, adj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Ms. 1815. West Point, 1S37. Son of Maj. D. S., and grandson of Dr. David (1755-1829), surgeon Revol. army. He served in the Florida war; was made assist, adj.-gen. (rank capt.) 8 Aug. 1846; maj. 15 Jnly, 1852; col. 3 Aug. 1861; adj.-gen. (rank brig.-gen.) 22 Feb. 1869; brev maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. Townsend, Eliza, poetess, b. Boston, I7S9; d. there Jan. 12, 1854. She contrib. anonymously to the Monthly Anthologi/, Unita- rian Miscellany, Portfolio, and other periodi- cals, religions and moral pieces ; among thera verses on " The Incomprehensibility of God; " "An Occasional Ode, ^vritten in June, 1809, in which she comments with severity on the career of Napoleon; "Lines to Robert Sou- thcy," written iu 1812; and "The Rain- bow," pub. in the Gen. Repository and Review. In 1S56, her sister. Mart P. Towxsend (d. 1861), privately printed a collection of her poems. — Duyckinck. Townsend, John K., naturalist, b. Phila. 1803; d. 1861. Author of "Narrative of a Journey across the Rocky Mountains, and a Visit to the Sandwich Islands, Chili, &c., 1833-7," 8vo, 1839; "Sporting Excursions in the Rocky Mountains," &c., 2 vols. 8vo, 1840; " Ornithology of the U.S., No. 1," 1839. Con- trib. to Jour, of Acad, of Nat. Sci. of Phila. — Alli'ione. Townsend, Col. Penn, b. Boston, Dec. 20, 1651 ; d. there Aug. 21, 1727. Son of William, who was in Boston 1636. Was a winc-merehant ; a leading man in town-allairs many years ; a representative, 1 686-9S ; after- ward speaker of the house ; one of the coimcil, 1721 ; and chief judge of the Suftblk Superior Court. He was often capt. of the A. and H. Art. Co., and col. of the Boston Regt. 1703. lie was one of the agents to superintend the military forces destined a<^ainst Port Royal in 1707, and was a patron of learning. Townsend, Robert, capt. U.S.N., b. Al- bany, 1819; d. China, Aug. 15, 1866. Un. Coll. 1835. Entering the navy, he took part in the capture of Vera Cniz in 1847 ; was act- ing lieut. at the capture of N. Orleans ; com. the iron-elad " Essex " at the siege of Port Hudson ; and was a division-com. nnder Admi- ral Porter in the Red-river campaign. Townsend, Virginia Fbances, b. N. Haven, Ct. Author of "Living and Lov- ing; " " While it was Morning," 1859 ; " Buds from Christmas-Boughs," 1859; "BvandBv;" " Amy Dean," 1 862 ; " Well in the Rock," "&c., 1863; "Temptation and Triumph," 1863; " Battle-Fields of our Fathers," 1864 ; " Janet Strong," 1865; "D.inyl Gap," 1866; "The Hollands," 1869; "Joanna Dariing," 1871. Editor of Arthur's Home May., and contrib. to periodicals. — Allibone. Townshend, Charles, an English states- man, b. Aug. 29, 1725 ; d. Sept. 4, 1767. Sec- ond son of Charles, the third viscount. In 1747 he entered parliament, and acquired a bright reputation as an orator ; in June, 1 749, he was app. a commiss. of trade and planta- tions ; in 1 756 a member of the privy council ; in Mar. 1761 sec. at war; in Feb. 1763 first lord of trade and plantations; in June, 1765, paymaster-gen. and chancellor of the exche- quer; and a lord of the treasury in Aug. 1766. " He had voted, and in the year 1765 had been an advocate, for the Stamp Act. He therefore attended at the private meeting in which reso- lutions leading to its repeal were settled ; and he would have spoken for that measure too, if illness had not prevented him. The very next session, as the fashion of this world passeth away, the repeal began to be in as bad odor as the Stamp Act had been before. To conform to the temper which began to prevail, and to prevail mostly among those most m power, he declared that revenue must be had out of America." June 2, 1767, he introduced into the house of commons the celebrated resolutions imposing duties upon paper, tea, and other articles im- ported into the American Colonies, which event- ually led to their revolt and independence. Says Macaulay, " lie was a man of splendid talents, of lax principles, and of boundless vanity and pri«umption." Townshend, George, marquis, an Eng. field-marshal, b. Feb. 28, 1724; d. Sept. 14, 1807. Eldest son of the third viscount, whom he succeeded in May, 1767. He served at the battles of Dcttingen, Fontenoy, Culloden, and Laffeldt; and, in the exped. to Canada under Wolfe, com. a division. After the first battle of the Plains of Abraham, and the death of Wolfe, he took com. of the army, and five days after received the capitulation of De Ramsay. He then returned to Eng. ; was M.P. in 1754-64; rose to the highest rank in the army; bec.tme a privy councillor; was lord lieut. of Ireland in 1767-72; and was created m.irquis Oct. 6, 1787. Towson, Ges. Nathan, b. near Balti- more, Jan. 22, 1784; d. Washington, D.C., July 20, 1 854. Previous to the war of 1 8 1 2 he com. a company of vol. art., and was adj. of the 7th Md. Regt. In Mar. 1812 he was app. a capt. in the 2d U.S. Art., and Oct. 9, aided by Lieut. Elliot of the navy, captured the British brig " Caledonia," under the guns of Fort Eric. He was engaged in the b-tttle of Queenstown, in the capture of Fort George, the affair at Stony Creek, and on the 17th of July, 1813, he was wounded in repelling an attack of the British on the outworks of Fort George, U.C. During the campaign of 1814, Towson com. a battery in one of the divisions TRA TRA of Gen. Brown's army. Being attached to the brigade of Scott, he participated in the capture of Fort Erie, July 4 ; was detailed with liis hattory to bring on the battle of Chippewa. In this conflict Towson bore a conspicuous part, and contributed greatly to the success of the day. In the obstinately-contested battle of Niagara, July 25 (the hardest Iburfit and most sanguinary of the war), Capt. Towsou was in the front rank from first to last. Aug. 15 he performed a most important part, and in the defence of Fort Erie elicited from Gen. Ripley the highest encomiums on his skill and valor. In May, 1SI6, he received brevets of major and licut.-col. for his achievements ; was in 1819 app. paymaster-gen. ; in 1 834 received the brev. of brig.-gen., and in Mar. 1849 that of maj.-gen., for meritorious services per- formed during the Mexican war. In 1816 he m. Sophia, dan. of Caleb Bingham of Boston. Tracy, Alexander de Proutille, Mar- quis de, was viceroy of New France in 1763. He was a lieut.-gen. iu the French army, and had served on the Continent with distinction. Before arriving in Canada, he had retaken Cayenne from the Dutch, and brought several islands of the contiguous archipelago under French domination. He was one of the most able and popular of the French officials ever sent to Canada. During his brief sway of 1 8 montlis, he established a military aristocracy, fortified the country against the encroachments of the Iroquois, and concluded a peace with them of 18 years' duration, which was of groat benefit to the country, long harassed with their sanguinary inroads. Tracy, Rev. Ebenezer Carter, b. Hart- ford, Ct., 10 June, 1796 ; d. Windsor, Vt., 15 Mav, 1862. Dartm. Coll. 1819; And. Sem. 1822. Tutor at D.C. 1823-5. EditoriaUy con- nected with the xV. Y. Jour, of Commerce, Jour, of Uamanitii, and Boston Recorder. Edited the Vt. Vliroiiicle 1826-8 and 1834-62. Author of " Life of Jeremiah Evarts," Svo, 1845. Tracy, Joseph, D.D. (Vt. U. 1859), au- thor, b. Hartford, Vt., Nov. 3, 1794. Dartm. Coll. 1814. Pastor of the Cong, churclics at Thetford and West Fairlee, Vt., from June 26, 1821, to 1829. Edited the Chronicle at Wind- sor, Vt., 5 years, and the Boston Recorder I year; and afterward sec. of the Colonization Society at Boston. Resides at Beverly, Ms. He pub. " Three Last Things ; " " History of the Amcr. Board ; " " The Great Awakening," 1842 ; " Memorial of the Colon. Soc. Centen.," 15 Jan. 1867. Tracy, Gen. R. D., b. N.C. ; killed at the battle of Port Gibson, May 1, 1863. He was col. of a N.C. regt. until promoted in 1862 to brig.-gen. C.S.A. Tracy, Uriah, b. Franklin, Ct., Feb. 2, 11755; d. Washington, D.C, July 19, 1807. 'Y.C. 1778. Adm. to the bar 1781; practised law successfully in Litchfield, Ct., many yeara ; meml>er Ct. legisl. in 1788-93; M.C. in 1793- 6; U.S. senator in 1796-1807, and pres. pro tern, in 1800. He was also a major-gen. of militia. Traill, Catherine Parr (Strickland), Canadian authoress, b. ab. 1803 ; sister of Ag- nes Strickland; ni. Lieut. Traill in 1832. At 1 6 she wrote a series of popular juvenile books, and after her marriage emig. to Canada. She has pub. " Backwoods of Canada," " Canadian Crusoes," " Kainblings in the Canadian For^ est," "Female Emigrant's Guide," "Forest- Trees and Wild-Flowers of West Canada," "Lady Mary and her Nurse," 1856. — Morgan. Train, Charles R., lawyer, b. Framing- ham, Ms., 18 Oct. 1817. Brown U. 1837. Com- pleted his legal studies at Cambridge. Adm. to the bar in 1841 ; member Ms. legisl. 1847 ; U.S. district-atty. for Northern Ms. 1848-51 ; member State Const. Conv. 1853; couuciiloi' 1857-8; M.C. 1859-63; vol. aide on the stall' of Gen. Gordon, and present at Autirtam ; again member Ms. legisl. 1871. Practises law in Boston. With F. F. Heard, author of "Pre- cedents of Indictments," 8vo, 1855. Train, George Francis, b. Boston, 1830; was a merchant there and in Australia. In 1 860-1 he devoted himself to the introduction of street-railways in London, but, not succeed- ing, returned to the U.S. in 1862, and be- came noted as a public speaker on the issues of the day. Among his publications are "An American Merchant in Europe, Asia, and Aus^ tralia," 1857 ; " Young America in Wall St.," 1858; " Spread-Ea^leism," 1859; "ObseiTa^ tions on Streef-Railways," Liverpool, 1860; &c. Many of his speeches have been published. — AUibone. Trail, RnsSELL Thacher, M.D., physi- cian, b. Vernon, Ct., Aug. 5, 1812. Brought up on a farm. Ill-health led him to study medi- cine, which he practised for some time. Re- moving in 1840 to New York, he studied the systems of homoeopathists, hydropathists, &c., and abandoned the use of drugs under all cii^ cumstances, as contrary to the laws of nature. Since 1 843 he has presided over a water-cure establishment in N.Y., and in 1853 established in connection with it a medical school for pupils of both sexes, chartered in 1857 as the New- York Ilygcio-Therapeutic College, and in which he is prof, of theory and practice. He has edited various journals advocating tem- perance and hydropathy ; is the author of a " Prize Essay on Temperance; " " Hydropathic Encycloptedia," 1852; "Hydropathic Cook- Book," 1854; "Uterine Diseases and Dis- 1855; "Home Treatment for Sexual Abuses ; " " The Alcoholic Controver- sy;" "The Complete Gymnasium," 1857; " Prize Essay on Tobacco ; " " Diseases of the Throat and Lungs;" "Pathology of the Re- productive Organs ; " " Diphtheria ; " " The Scientific Basis of Vegetarianism ; " " Watcr- Curc for the Million ; " " Nervous Debility ; " " Lectures on Drug-Medicines ; " " Lectures on Diseases of Females ; " " Principles of llygeio- Therapy;" "Sexual Physiology," 1866; "Hand-Book of Hygienic Practice," 1865. — Appleton. Trantham, Mrs. Betsey, b. Germanv; d. Mnrcy Co., I'enn., Jan. 10, 1834, at ibe great ago of "154. She emig. to Amcr. when the first setllement was made in N.C. in 1710. At the age of 120 her evesight became aliuost ex- tinct, but (luring the' last 20 years of her life it was as peilect as ever. At the time of her death she had entirely lost the sense of taste. 918 TRE At the age of 65 she boi-e her only child, who was living in 1835. Trask, William Blake, antiquary, b. Dorchester, Ms., Nov. 25, 1812. Descended from Capt. William Trask, who settled in Salem prior to 1628, and who com. a company in the Pequot wars. In early life he worked at the trade of a cabinet-maker. Inheriting from his maternal grandfather, John Pierce, father of Rev. John of Brookline, a taste for historical and antiquarian pursuits, he assisted S. G. Drake in collecting materials for the notes to his History of Boston ; aided Gen. Sumner in the preparation of his History of East Boston ; was one of the authors of the His- tory of Dorchester; one of the editors of and contributors to the N.E. Hist. Geneal. liegister ; and has assisted many persons in the prepara- tion of their genealogies. Member of the N.E. Hist. Geneal. Soc. since 1851 ; and its histori- ographer 1862-7. Travis, Col. William B., the hero of the Alamo, b. Conecah Co., Ala, 1811 ; killed at the Alamo, Mar. 1, 18.36. He was in 1830 adm. to practice at the Monroe Co. bar, Ala., but, at the commencement of the Texan strug- gle for independence, drew his sword in that cause, and tell bravely lighting a vastly superior force of Mexicans. ^ / Treadwell, Daniel, A. A. S., inventor, b. -f ^r. Author of a History ot i i 1- ^ 1:1, and to the close of the Indian Wars, 2 vuls. Svo, 1797 and 1818; " History of the U.S. to 17G5," vol. i. 1819; " Twelve Discourses," 1790. Trumbull, James Hammond, LL.D. (Y.C. 1871), philological and hist, writer, b. Stonington, Ct., 20 Dec. 1821. Sou of Gur- don and Sarah A. (Swan), Entered Y.C. in 1838 , prevented, by loss of health, from prose- cuting the study of a profession. A resident of Hartford since 1847. App. State librarian in 1854; assistant sec. of state 1858-61 ; sec. 1861-5; many years a member Ct. Hist. Soe., its corresp.-sec. '1849-63, and pres. since 1863 ; member also of many other hist, societies ; and for some years lias been librarian of the Watkin- son Free Library. In 1842-3 he aided Rev. J. H. Linsley in compiling catalogues of the mam- malia, reptiles, fishes, and sliells of Ct. {Amer. Jour, of Science). In 1850-9 he ed. and pub. 3 vols, of the " Ct. Colony Records " (1636-89). About 1858 he began to study Amer. aborigi- nal languages, and was active in founding the Amer. Philolog. Assoc, in 1869. In 1855 he m. Sarah A. Robinson. Editor of Lechford's " Plain Dealing," with introd. and notes, 1867 ; Roger Williams's " Key into the Language of America," with introd. and notes (in vol. i. Narr. Club's pubs., Prov. 1866) ; " The Defence of Stonington against a Brit. Squad, in 1814," 1864; "Origin of McFingal," 1868; of a part of the first and all of the second vol. Colls. Ct. Hist. Soc. ; and contrib. of more than 50 articles t« pirimliials, and the i'riM. nf societies upon Iiicli ui nanirs uud iipim Iii-t. siilijects. Trumbull, John, LL.D. (Y.C 181S), poet, b. Wc.>tbur\-, jince Watcrtown, Ct., Apr. 24, 1750; d. Detroit, Mich., May 10, 1831. Y.C. 1767. Son of John, minister of Water- town, a good classical scholar, who d. Dee. 13, 1787, a. 72. Possessing an extraordinary pre- cocity, he was at the age of 7 adm. to college ; though his extreme youth, and his subsequent ill-health, prevented his residing there until 1763. With Timothy Dwight, in 1769 he wrote a series of essays in the manner of the S]iectator for a gazette printed in Boston, and subsequent- ly similar essays for the New-Haven papers. From Sept. 1771 to Nov. 1773, when he was adm. to the bar of Ct., he was a tutor in Y.C, during which time he pub. " The Progress of Dulness," — a poem designed to expose the absurd method of education which then pre- vailed. Entering the office of John Adams in Boston in 1773, he found himself in the centre of American polities. Warmly espousing the popular side, he employed his leisure in writing political essays for the public gazettes ; and, just before leaving Boston, he anonymously pub. his " Elegy on the Times." Commencing a successful practice at New Haven in Nov. 1774, he wrote during the next year the first part of " McFingal," which was pub. in Phila. in Nov. 1776 he m. Sarah, dau. of Col. Lev- crett Hubbard of N. Haven ; in May follow- ing he returned to his native place, whence ho removed to Hartford in June, 1781. Having comjiletcd the poem of " McFingal," it was pub. at Hartford before the close of 1782. It IS a burlesque epic in Hudibrastie verse, direct- ed against the enemies of American liberty. His " Poetical Works " appeared at Hartford in 2 vols. 1820, and has passed through many editions, — the latest in 1864, with notes by B. J. Lossing. After the peace, Trumbull, in TRTJ 922 conjunction witli Col. Humphreys, Rnrlow, and Dr. Lemuel Hopkins, wrote a series of essays entitled "American Antiquities," extensively printed by the papers throughout the Union, «nd designed to cheek, by tlic boldness of its satire, the spirit of anarchy and disorganization then prevalent. These essays consisted of suj)- pressed extracts from a poem which they styled "The Anarchiad." State-atty. for Hartford, Ct., in 1789-95; was an active and influential member of the legisl. in 1792; in May, 1800, was again a member of the legisl. ; and in 1801-19 was a judge of the Superior Court; in 1808 he received from the legisl. the addi- tional app. of judge of the Court of Errors. He was several years treas. of Y.C., and in 1825 removed to Detroit, Mich., spending the rest of his days with his dau., the wife of Gov. Woodbridge. TrumbuU, Col. John, painter, b. Leba- non, Ct., 6 June, 1756 ; d. N.Y. City 10 Nov. 1843. H.U. 1773. Son of Rev. Jonathan. Joining the 1st Ct. Eegt. as adjutant, an accu- rate sketch of the works around Boston attract- ed the notice of Washington, who, in Aug. 1775, app. him second aide-de-camp. He was soon app. major of brigade; in June, 1776, re- ceived from Gen. Gates the app. of adj.-gen., with rank of col. ; dep. adj.-gen. northern de- partment, 12 Sept. 1776; but retired from the army 22 Feb. 1777, Congress having refused to date his commission from the time of his app. by Gates. He then resided in London as the pupil of West the painter, but, upon Andre's execution, was, in retaliation, thrown into pris- on, where he remained 8 months. He painted the "Battle of Bunker's Hill" in 1786, the " Death of Montgomery " soon after, and in 1783 the "Sortie of the Garrison of Gibral- tar," now in the Boston Athenseum. In 1789- 93 he was in the U.S., painting the portraits for his historical pictures, — the " Declaration of Independence, " Surrender at Saratoga," " Surrender of Comwallis," and the " Resig- nation of Washington at Annapolis," which now adorn the rotunda of the capitol at Washington. In 1794 he was sec. to Jay's mission in Great Britain, and in 1796 a com- miss. to carr}' into execution the 7th article of the treaty. Returning to New York in 1804, he again visited London in 1808, but, finding every thing American there unpopular, aga came to N.Y. ; was pres. of the Acad, of Fii Arts in 1816-25. His picture of Washingto painted in 1792, presented by the Cincinnati to Vale Coll., was regarded by the artist as the finest portrait of Washington in existence. It represents him on the evening before the battle of Princeton, meditating his retreat. The Trumbull Gallery at Yale Coll. contains 57 pictures by him, presented to that institution in consideration of an annuity of $1 ,000 to be paid him during his life; the profits of their exhibition after his d. to be applied towards the education of needj' students. This is the lar- gest and most important collection of the works of any Amcr. painter. Besides the above-named are " Battle of Trenton," " Sur- render of the Hessians at Trenton," "Death of Mercer," " The Woman taken in Adul- tery," " Suffer Little Children to come unto Me," copies of the old masters, &c. — See Trumlmll's AutMa]., N.Y., 8vo, 1841. Trumbull, Jonathan, LL.D. (Y.C. 1779, Edinb. 1785), gov. of Ct. 1769-83, b. Lebanon, Ct., 10 June, 1710 ; d. 17 Aug. 1785. H.U. 1727. Descended from John of Rowley, Ms., 1640-3. Alter preaching a few years, he studied law, in which profession he attained eminence ; became a member of the Assembly at 23; and by his business-talents gained the public esteem. Cho.scn lieut.-guv. iu 1766, he became by virtue of his office chief justice of the Superior Court. Boldly rel'u^ing in 1768 to take the oath enjoined on royal officers, he was chosen gov. in 1769, and was the only colonial gov. who esjioused the cause of the people. He was considered the Whig leader in N.E. while the Adamses and Hancock were iu Congress, and during the whole contest was relied on by Washington as one of his main pillars of support. The phrase sometimes used by him, " Let us see what Brother Jona- than says," is supposed to have originated the humorous term frequently applied to the U.S. — See. Life of Tnaiilmll hi/ Isaac Stuart. Trumbull, Jo.nathan, gov. ofCt. 1793- 1809, son ol the preceding, b. Lebanon, Ct., Mar. 26, 1740; d. Aug. 7, 1809. H.U. 17.59. An active and influential member of the State legisl. during several sessions before and at the commencement of the Revol., and speaker of the house. In 1775-8 was paymaster to the northern dept. of the army; in 1780 was app. sec. and first aide to Washington, whose friend- sliip and confidence he enjoyed, and in whose family he remained until the close of the war. M.C. in 1789-95 ; speaker 1791-5 ; U.S. sena- tor in 1795-6; lieut.-gov. of Ct. 1796-8. Trumbull, Col. Joseph, commiss.-gen. Revol. army, July 19, 1775-Aug. 2, 1777, b. 11 Mar. 1737; d. 23 July, 1778. H.U. 1756. Son of Gov. Jonathan (1769-83). Member Old Congress in 1774-5, and a commissioner for the board of war 27 Nov. 1777 to 18 Apr. 1778, when he resigned in ill-health. A com. of Congress having made a highly eulogistic report on his services, 31 Mar. 1779, that body voted to his heirs a commission on the sums received and issued and the purchases made by him. Trumbull, Joseph, LL.D. (Y.C. 1849), statesman, b. Lebanon, Ct., Dec. 7, 1732; d. Hartford, Aug. 4, 18G1. Y.C. 1801. Grandson of Gov. Jonathan (1769-83). Adm. to the bar in Windham in 1803; he settled in Hartford in 1804; retired from practice in 1828, and became pres. of the Hartlbrd Bank. He repre- sented Hartford in the legisl. in 1832, '48, and '51 ; was M.C. in 1834 for an unexpired term, and in 1839-43 ; and gov. in 1849-50. He was a great friend of internal improvements, and was pres. of a railroad company. Trumbull, Lyman, jurist 'and senator, b. Colchester, Ct., 12 Oct. 1813; of the same family as the preceding. Educated at Colches- ter Acad.; taught a dist. school; and at 20 took charge of an acad. at Greenville, Ga., where he studied law ; and was adm. to the bar in 1837, and settled in Belleville, 111. Memlwr of the III. legisl. in 1840; sec. of state in 1841-2; justice of the Supreme Court of III. 1848-53 ; TRT7 923 M.C. in 1854; chosen to tlic U.S. senate by the 111. Icgisl. in 185.i; re-elected in 1860 and 1866 ; since 1861 chairman of the senate judi- ciary com. He owed his election to the senate, over Gen. Shields, to his opposition to the re- peal of the Missouri Compromise. Removed to Chica^'o in 1863. Truxton, Thomas, commodore U.S.N., b. Lon- Island, Feb. 17,1755; d. Phila. May 5, 1822. He commenced a seafaring life at the age of 12 ; was impressed, and sen-ed a short time on board a man-of-war. Early in 1776 he was lieut. of the private armed ship " Con- gress," and brought one of her prizes to New 13ed((ird ; in June, 1777, he com. "The Inde- pendence," fitted out by himself and Isaac Sears; and otF the Azores captured 3 valuable prizes. He afterwards made numerous prizes in " The Mars; " and in " The St. James" (of 20 guns), in a severe engagement, disabled a Brit- ish ship of 32 guns, returning with a most valuable cargo from France. After the war he was extensively engaged in the E. India trade at Phila. till made capt. (June 4, 1794), and intrusted with the com. of the frigate " Constellation." While cruising in the W. Indies, he fell in with the French frigate " LTnsurgente," Feb. 9, 1799, and captured her, though of superior force, in consideration of which he received a service of plate from the merchants of Lloyd's coffee-house ; Feb. 1, 1800, he obtained a victory over "The Ven- geance " (of 34 guns and 500 men) ; though, in consequence of one of his masts falling, she afterwards escaped. For this action Congress gave him a- gold medal. In 1801 he was trans- ferred to " The President " (44), and was commo- dore on the Guadaloupe station ; at one time he had a squadron of 10 sail under his com- mand. Being app. in 1802 to com. the exped. against Tripoli, but denied the assistance of a cjipt. to coin, his flag-ship, he declined the ser- vice, for which Jefferson dismissed him. High sheriff of Phila. 1816-19. He pub. Remarks, &c., relating to Latitude and Longitude, and Variation of the Compass, fol., 1794. Tryon, Capt. Moses, of the Rcvol. navy, afterward com. of the U.S. sloop of war " Con- necticut; d. Wethersfield, Ct., Jan. 1818, a. Tryon, William, LL.D. (King's Coll. 1774), a colonial gov., b. Ireland; d. Lond. 27 Feb. 1 788. He was an officer of talent in the British army, and througli his marriage with Miss Wake, a relative of the Earl of Hills- borough, colonial sec, received the app. of lieut.- gov. of N.C. He anived there 27 Oct. 1764 ; on the death of Gov. Dobbs, 20 July, 1765, succeeded him, and administered the govt, until advanced to that of N.Y. 3 July, 1771. In 1771 an outbreak by discontented individu- als, called "Regulators," was suppressed by him, and the prisoners were treated with great cruelty. Made col. 25 May, 1772; maj.-gen. 29 Aug. 1777. He led in person the preda- tory exped. against Danbury, Ct., which he destroyed in Apr. 1777 ; and in July, 1 779, in a similar exped., reduced to ruin the villages of Fairfield and Norwalk, staining his reputation by conduct unworthy a soldier and a man. Resigning the govt, of N.Y. 21 Mar. 1780, he returned to Eng., became a lieut.-gen. 20 Nov. 1782, and col. 29th Foot 15 Aug. 1783. Tuck, Joseph Henhv, inventor, b. Dor- chester, Ms., 12 March, 1812. Grandson of John ( minister of Epsom, N.H., and a chaplain Revol. army ; d.Peekskill, N.Y., 7 Feb. 1777, a. 36 ; H.U. 17.58). Agrad. of the Boston High School ; learned the trade of watchmaking, and afterward, while employed in a candle- raannf., began the career in which he attained eminence with theinvention of the endless wick. Establishing himself in London as a civil eng. in 1837, from that time until his return to the U.S. in 1865 he was constantly oecupieil in inventingand introducing improved mai hiiierv, &c. Among the 55 patents taken by him in different countries are those for a candle ma- chine, wrought-iron and bitumen gas and water pipes, a ventilating machine, a dredging machine, a rotary engine, a new system of breakwater for harbors, and his steam-engine packing, — the most profitable of his inven- tions. He established, after great labor in overcoming prejudice, &c., the company to lay the first submarine electric-cable in 1848-9 between Dover and Calais, but was robbed of his interests in it by those whom he had in- terested in and assisted in planning that great undertaking. His plans and improvements for excavating the Suez Canal were taken by the contractors; but illness compelled him to abandon further connection with the under- taking. These arduous labors impaired his health, and compelled his retirement from active life for several years. Since 1869 he has been occupied in extensive real-estate opera- tions and public improvements in Brooklyn, New York. Tucker, George, jurist, b. Bermuda, 1775; d. Charlottesville, Va., 10 Apr. 1861. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1797. A relative of St. George Tucker. Practised law. Member Va. legisl. ; M.C. in 1819-25, occupying a high position as a debater and constitutional law- yer ; and in 1825-45 was prof, of moral philos. and polit. economy in the U. of Va. He sub- sequently, while in retirement, prepared several useful works ; among them a " Life of Jeffer- son," 2 vols. 1837; "Progress of the U.S.," 8vo, 1855 ; a " Political History of the U.S.," 4 vols. 8vo, 1858; " Letters on the Conspira- cy of the Slaves in Va.," 8vo, 1800; "Letters on the Roanoke Navigation," 8vo, 1811; "Recollections of Ellen R. Tucker," 12mo, 1819 ; " Essays on Taste, Morals, and Nation- al Policy," 8vo, 1822 ; " Valley of the Shenan- doah," 2 vols. 12mo, 1824; "Voyage to the Moon by Joseph Atterley," 1 827 ; " Principles of Rent, Wages, and 'Profits," 8vo, 1837; " Literature of the U.S.," 8vo, 1 837 ; " Theory of Money and Banks," 1839; "Essays, Moral and Philos.," 1860; many contribs. to maga- zines and journals. — Allibone. Tucker, Rev. Hexry Holcombe, D.D., a prominent divine of the Baptist church, pres. of the Mercer U. of Atlanta, Ga., b. Warren Co., Ga., 10 Mav, 1819. Author of " Pictures rial Office," ord. sermon, Tuskegce, Ala., 1853. Tucker, Hexet St. Geobge, LL.D. TXTC 924 TTJC (Wm. and Mary Coll. 1S:17), juri-t, b. 5 Jan. 1781; d. Winclicstrr, Va., l's An,-. 1848. Son of St. Geoi-fjc; Tuck. r. l;,c, ivc'd an ex- cellunt education ; dovutrd liiiu^rit' to tlie law, in which he attained emineiue; was prof, of law in the U. of Va. ; M.C. 1815-19 ; chancel- lor 4th judicial dist., and pres. of the Va. Court of Appeals ; pres. Va. Hist, and Philos. Soc. Author of " Lectures on Constitutional Law," 1 843 ; " Commentaries on the Law of Va.," 2 vols. 18.36 ; Introd. Lecture at the Opening of the Law School in the U. of Va., and Lectures on Natural Law ami rinMru- ment, 12mo, 1824. His son, \<\mi- Hi m i i:, some years a prof, in the .1(1 Ml ' i- I., Phila., was educated at the I'nixn -iii< > ,.i Ta. and of Va., and in Paris. Prof, of tiie jiraetiec of med. in the Med. Coll. of Va., and author of some medical works. Tucker, Josiah, D.D., an English divine and polit. writer, b. Langham, Wales, 1711; d. Gloucester, Eng., 4 Nov. 1790. Educated at St. John's Coll., Oxford. He took orders ; was many years rector of St. Stephen's, Bristol ; became a prebend there in 1755; and fi-om 1758 was dean of Gloucester. He wrote much npon religion and polit. economy, and produced several tracts on the dispute between Great Britain and the Anier. Colonics, recommend- ing at an early period of the contest their sepa- ration from the British empire, and the recog- nition of their independence. Dean Tucker was an able reasoncr, well versed in polit. econ- omy, and was almost the only Englishman of his time who took a clear-headed view of the great question at issue between the Colonies and the mother-country. Tucker, Luther, a pioneer of agricultural journalism, b. Brandon, Vt., 1802. A printer. He in 1825 established the Rochester Daili/ Ad- vertise>; the first daily paper west of Albany. In Jan. 1831 he began to issue the Geneiiee Farmer, aftenvard consolidated with the Alhani/ Cultivator; and in 1852 began the Countri/ Gen- tleman. — Thomas. Tucker, Nathaniel Bevehlet, lawyer and novelist, son of St. George Tucker, b. Matoax, Va., Sept. 6, 1784; d. Winchester, Va., Aug. 26, 1851. Wm. and M. Coll. ISOI. He studied law; settled in Charlotte Co. in 1 803, and in 1 81 5 in Mo., where he was a judge in 1815-30. From 1834 till his death, he was prof, of law in Wm. and Mary Coll. lie pub. a work on " Pleading," lectures on the U.S. Constitution, entitled "The Science of Govern- ment," and 2 novels, "George Balcombe" and " Gertrude ; " but his most remarkable produc- tion was an unfinished novel called " The Par- tisan Leader," first printed in 1837, and re- printed in 1S61. He was a contributor to the Southern Review, and had begun a Life of John Randolph, his half-brother. He was a State- rights man, and had many of the traits of Randolph. A son of the same name, a violent secessionist, who fled to Canada after the assas- sination of Pres. Lincoln, pub. the Sentinel, newspaper, in Washington m 1854, and was consul at Liverpool in 1856-60. Tucker, St. George, LL.D. (Wm. and M. Coll. 1790), jurist and poet, b. Port Roval, B-rmuda, 29 June, 1752; d. Edgewood, Nel- son Co., Va., X.iv. 1827. Wm. and M. Cull. 1772. llr -tu.li.aiaw.lait t,.,.k anii.at th.^he- ginniu- nf ihr \[■^..l., aial plaiiur,! and aid. d personally i)i Ih.' eapliuv of a lar;;e /iiJioimt of stores in a lortitieation at Bermuda. At York- town, where he com. a regt., he was severely wounded in a charge of inf. ; a bayonet thrust through his knee-pan giving him a stiff knee for life. In 1778 he m. Francos Bland, the mother of John Randolph. After the war, he was a member of the Va. Icgisl. ; was one of the com. to revi.^c and digest the laws of Va. ; alM, a iir.,f. in Wm. an.l M. Coll.; and one of 787 the juclgi' in til.;' [State eoun.- n. nil .'.iiy.:;r ; was judge of the Court of A|.|i ,i,, in i n; II ; app. judge of the U.!S. Di-i. (uimi in l.-l.'i; and was called "the Ameiiean Ulaek'l.jne." He possessed great literary taste, keen wit, and great amiahility. Of liis poetical works, some of which were satires under the title of "Peter Pindar," one vol. was collected and ])iib. His poem on Liberty was e. I.lnat. .1 in the army; and his stanzas, b.ijiini in;: "lia\s of my youth," have been mm li a.linir..'. He pub. an essay on the que^ti " ll.jw lar the Common Law of England is the Cummon Law of the U.S. ; " a treatise on Slavery, 1 796 ; "Letter on the Alien and Sedition Laws," 1799 ; and an annotated edition of Blackstone in 1803. Tucker, Samuel, a brave, able, and suc- cessful naval officer of the Revol., b. Marble- head, Ms., 1 Nov. 1747; d. Bremen, Me., 10 Mar. 1833. Son of a shipmaster. He was ap- prenticed at 1 1 on board " The Royal George," and before the Revol. was a capt. sailing from Boston to London. Commiss. a capt. in the Revol. navy 15 Mar. 1777, he took com. in Nov. of the frigate "Boston," in which, in Feb. 1 778, he took out John Adams, minister to France. He took many prizes in 1779 ; aided in the de- fence of Charleston, S.C. ; and was a prisoner from its capture in May, 17fO, till June, 1781, when ho took com. of " The Thom," and made many prizes. At the close of the war he re- ceived the thanks of Congress for his services. In 1792 he settled in Bristol, Me. In the war of 1812 he captured by a ruse a Brilisli vessel which had greatly annoyed the shipping of Bristol and vicinity. He was several times a member of the legisl. of Ms. and of Me. — See Life of Tucker by John II. Sheppard, 8vo, 1 868. Tlicker, Sarah, for 37 years a minister of the Society of Friends, b. Portsmouth, R.I., 1779; d. 1840. Author of Memoirs of her Life and Religious Experience, by herself, 12mo, \Si8. — Atlihone. Tucker, Thomas Tudor, statesman of S.C, brother of St. George ; d. Washington, B.C., May 2, 1828, a. S3. Son of Henry of Port Royal, Bermuda. He was a patriot of the Revol. ; a delegate to the Cont. Congress in 1787 and '88; M.C. in 1789-93; and U.S. treas. 1794 to his d. Author of an Oration at Charleston, S.C, before the S.C. Soc. of the Cincinnati, 4to, 1795. Tucker, Tilguman M., gov. of Mpi. 1 841- 3,b.N.C.; d.Ala. 31 Apr.1859; M.C. 1843-5. TXJC Tuckerman, Edward, prof, of botany in Amii. Coll., b. Boston, 1817. Union Coll. 1837; II. U. 18-17. Author of several works on Araeric.in Lichens; editor of " New England's Earilics," by Josselyn, 1860; contrib. of 54 pa- pcr3 under the title of " Ailversum " and " No- titia Litcraria" to the A^. Y. Churchman, and of papers to Tarioua scientific journals. — AUi- Tuckerman, Henkt Theodore, poet, essayist, and critic, b. Boston, April 20, 1813; d. New- York City, 1 7 Dec. 1871. Nephew of Rev. Joseph. Studied in the schools of Boston, and sought improved health in a visit to Europe in 1 833-4. Resuming his studies, he again visited Europe in 1837-8, and in 1845 removed from Boston to N. York. In 1850 he received from H.U. the honorary degree of Master of Arts. He has published " The Italian Sketch-Book," 1835; "Isabel, or Sicily, a Pilgrimage," 1839; "A Month in England," 1853; "Thoughts on the Pons," the first of his collections from the magaziiiLS, 1846; "Artist-Life, or Sketches of A;neri(nu Painters;" "A Memorial of Hora- tio llrr, nough," prefixed to his writings, 1853; two soriis of papers entitled " Charactcriatiea of Litcr;iture illustrated by the Genius of Dis- tin-uishrd Men," 1849-51 ; "Sketch of Amer- ican Literature," appended to Shaw's text- book on English liter.ature; a series of "Men- tal Portraits, or Studies of Character ; " " Life of Com. Silas Talbot," 1850; "The Optimist, a collection of Essays," 1850; "Leaves from the Diary of a Dreamer," 1 853 ; "■ Poems," 1851, the chief of which is " The Spirit of Poet- ry," an elaborate essay, in heroic verse, of 700 lines; "Biographical Essays," 1857; "Ram- bles and Reviews," 1841 ; "America and her Commentators, with a Critical Sketch of Trav- el in the U.S.," 1864 ; " Book of the Artists," 1867 ; a "Memoir of Dr. J. W. Francis," pre- fixed to "Old New York;" "The Criterion," 1866; "Maga Papers about Paris," 1867; "Essay on Washington, with a paper on the Portraits of W.," 4to, 1859; "A Sheaf of Verse," contrib. to the N. Y. Sanitary Fair, 1864; "Life of J. P. Kennedy," 1871. He contrib. frequently to the N. A. Review, Christ. Examiner, Democratic Review, Graham's Maga- zine, Southern Lit. Messenger, Putnam's MontUij, the Atlantic MontUy, and other periodicals. Tuckorman, Joseph, D.D. (H.U. 1824), a Uuitarinn clergyman and philanthropist, b. Boston, Jan. 18, 1778; d. Havana, April 20, 1840. JI.U.1798. Ord. pastor ofthe church in Chelsea, Ms., Nov. 4, 1801, where he continued ti:i Nov. 4, 1826. Ho organized the Benevolent Fraternity of Churches for the support of a city was disting. for his untiring zeal, and for the success of hb labors among the poor. In 1812 he was instrumental in organizing the first charitable society established in the U.S. for the religious and moral improvement of sea- men. He wrote, and the society pub., in fur- therance of that object, eleven tracts. In 1830 he wrote an essay " On the Wages paid to Fe- males," which gained a prize ottered in Phila. On his return from Europe, where he had pro- moted the organization of similar institutions, he |.ub. " riinciples and Rcsidts of the Minis- try :ii l,:,r , ■ 1-nio, IS3S. In 1811 he pub. '■■ I !' I- < on Mi.scell. Subjects.^' — '^ ' , '/"-y Carpenter, Svo, London, Tuckerman, Samuel Pakkmas, mus. doc., b. Boston, 1819. Alter 5 years of musical study in Eng., he received his degree from the archbishop of Canterbury. Among his works are, " The Episcopal Harp," " Cathedral Chnnts," a collect, of psalm and hymn tunes, anthems, chants, &c., including the whole of the music used in Trinity Church, New York, and three complete morning-services. Co- author of " The National Lyre." — Alllhone. Tudor, CoL. William, judge, b. Boston, Mar. 28, 1750; d. July 8, 1819. H.U. 1769. Son of Dea. John. Studied law with John Ad.ims. Adm. to Suffolk bar, July 27, 1772 ; was an eminent counsellor ; a col. in the army, and judge-adv.-gen. in 1775-8 ; attached to the staff of the com.-in-chief. He was a member ofthe house and senate of Ms., and in 1809-10 sec. of state. Col. Tudor was vice-jn-es. of the Cincinnati of Ms. in 1816, and was one of the founders of the Ms. Hist. Soc, in whose Col- lections appears an extended Memoir. He delivered an elegant and spirited oration on the Boston Massacre, Mar. 5, 1779 ; an address to the Cincinnati of Ms. ; and a discourse to the Ms. Char. Fire Soc. 1798. Tudor, William, scholar and diplomatist, b. Boston, Jan. 28, 1779 ; d. Rio Janeiro, Mar. 9, 1830. H.U. 1796. Son of the preceding. Returning to his native country from a visit to Europe, with an ardent desire for the improve- ment of his fellow-citizens in arts and literature, since ranked high in American literature. He had previously aided in founding the Anthology Club, publishing his European letters in their magazine, the Monthly Anthdogy, begun Nov. 1803, continued until 1811, and supported by the best pens of the time in Boston. When a member of the Ms. legisl., he proposed muny plans in aid of his favorite object, several of which have since been accomplished. In Nov. 1805 he founded the icetratfic with tropical climes, as the agent of his bro. Frederic, which has grown to be an important branch of com- merce ; and was afterward engaged in other commercial transactions in Europe, requiring ability and address. Mr. Tudor was the origina- tor of the present Bunker's-hill Monument, and one of the founders of the Boston Athenajum in 1807. In 1823 he was app. consul at Lima, and in 1827 was app. charge d'affaires at the court of Brazil, where he negotiated a treaty, — liis last public service. Besides his coniribs. to several periodicals, and his critiques in the N. A. Review, he pub. " Letters on the Eastern States," 1820; "Miscellanies," 1821; "Life of James Otis," 1823; " Gcbcl Teir," 1828. In 1809 he delivered the Fourth-of-July oration at Boston; and in 1810 he prepared the Phi BetM Kappa aiUlrcss for Harvard. Tufts, Cotton, M.D., phvsician, b. Med- fmd, Ms,, May 30, 1734; d. Weymouth, Ms., Dec. 8, 1815. H.U.1749. Son of Dr. Simon, who was grandson of Peter, who emig. in TTJF 026 TUR 1654, and d. Maiden, Ms., 1 700, a. 82. He fixed his residence at Weymouth, where he was highly esteemed as a physician ; was one of the original members of the Ms. Medical Society, and pres. 1787-95 ; and one of the founders of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. In 1765 Dr. Tufts wrote the spirited and patriotic instruc- tions to the representatives of Weymouth against the Stamp Act. He was a State rep- resentative and counsellor ; was for many years a disting. member of the State senate, and supported in the convention the adop- tion of the U.S. Constitution. He m. Lucy, dau. of Col. John Quincy, and sister of Mrs. Smith, the mother of Mrs. John Adams. — Thncher. Tufts, John, ministerof the Second Church, Newbury, Ms., 30 June, 1714-38, b. Medford, 5 May, 1689; d. Ang. 1750. H.U. 1708. A descendant of Peter of Maiden. He pub. ordin. discourse of B. Bradstreet, 1 729 ; " Hum- ble Call to Archippus ;" sermon , 1 729 ; " Introd . to the Singing of Psalm-Tunes," 1714 (the first book of the kind pub. in N. Eng.), with a col- lect, of tunes in three parts, 8th ed. 1731. Tully, John, " New-England astrologer," compiler of almanacs at Middletown, Ct., from 1681 to his d. 1701; b. England. Tully, William, M.D., physician, b. Say- brook, Ct., Nov. 18, 1785 ; d. Springfield, Ms., Feb. 28, 1859. Y.C. 1806. He studied at Phila., and in 1808 settled in practice at Mil- ford, Ct. Ab. 1815 he removed to Upper Mid- dletown, now Cromwell, Ct., where he became intimate %vith and adopted the method of treat- ment of Dr. Thomas Minor, and about 1820 established himself at Middletown. In 1820 he pub. with Dr. Minor " Minor and Tully on Fever." In 1824 he removed to East Hartford, Ct. He became eminent as a medical practi- tioner and teacher ; was many years pres. of the Medical School at Castleton, Vt., and was prof, there of the theory and practice of medicine. He was also prof, of materia mcdica and thera- peutics in the medical institution of Y.C. 1829- 42; in 1851 he removed to Springfield, Ms. His latter years were passed in poverty. His scholarship was varied and excellent. He pub. several learned papers in the medical and other journals, besides the first vol. of an ex- tended treatise on the materia medica, 4 vols., 1857-60. Tupper, Gen. Benjamin, Revel, officer, b. Stougbion, Ms., 1738 ; d. Marietta, 0., June, 1792. He was a soldier in the French war (1756-63), and afterward taught school at Easton. He was a major at Boston soon after the battle of Lexington, and disting. himself in a boat exped. at Castle Island. Boston harbor ; lieut.-col. of Ward's regt. Nov. 4, 1775. Made col. of the Uth Ms. Regt. early in 1776, he, in Aug. of that year, com. the gun- boats and galleys in the North River ; in the following campaign he served under Gates ; was at the battle of Monmouth in 1778; and before the end of the war received the brev. of lirig.-gen. ; with Gen. Rufus Putnam he originated the Ohio Land Company. He was app. surveyor of Ohio lands in 1785 ; disting. himself in suppressing Shays's insurrection ; settled in 0. in 1787, and became judge in 1788. His son Edward W., brig-gen. of 0. Vols., serving under Harrison in 1812, d. Gallipolis, 0., 1823. Turell, Ebenezer, minister of Medford, Ms., from Nov. 25, 1724, to his d. Dec. 8, 1778 ; b. Boston, Feb. 5, 1702. H.U. 1721. Hewas an eminent pre.tcher, and a patriotic citizen. He pub. a Life of Dr. Colman, his fiither-in- law, 8vo, 1749 ; " Dialogue about the Times," 1742 ; and some sermons. A tract of his on Witchcraft is in Ms. Hist. Collections. of Rev. Benjamin Colman. She early displayed precocious mental power, and wrote poetry at 11. Aug. 11. 1726, she married Kev. Kbenezer Turell of Medford. She afterward wrote eulogies on Sir Richard Blackmore's works, and on " The Incomparable Mr. Waller ; " " An Invitation into the Country, in Imitation of Horace ; " and some prose pieces. Her poems were col. and pub. by her hnsband in 1735. — Diiiichnck. Turgeon, Pierke Flavian, R.C. arch- bishop of Quebec, consec. June 11, 1851 ; b. Quebec, Nov. 12, 1787 ; d. there 25 Aug. 1867. Ord. priest Apr. 29, 1810; sec. of Bishop Plesser 1808-20; many years a teacher in the sem. of Quebec ; consec. bishop and coadj. May 11,1834 ; and administrator of the diocese from Nov. 1 849 to 1 855, when he resigned from ill-health. — Moryan. Turnbull, Lieut.-Col. George ; d. Bloomingdale, N. J., Oct. 1810, after 60 years' service in the British army ; lieut.-col. 3d Amer. Regt. (Loyal N.Y. Vols.) ; capt. at the storm- ing of Fort Montgomery, Oct. 1777; disting. at the siege of Savannah in 1779. 30 July, 1780, he repulsed 3 attacks by Sumter on his'post at Rocky Mount. Turnbull, Robert, D.D. (Mad. U. 1851 ), Baptist divine, b. Whiteburn, Linlithgowshire, Scotland, Sept. 10, 1809. U. of Glasgow. He attended the lectures of Chalmers and Wilson at Edinburgh ; studied theology under Drs. Dick and Mitchell; became a Baptist; preached a short time in Scotland and Eng.; ami in 1833 settled in Daubury, Ct. App. in 1835 a home missionary to Michigan ; he became pastor of the Baptist church in Detroit ; in 1837 he took charge of the South Baptist Church, Hartford, Ct. ; in 1839 of the Boylston-strect Baptist Church, Boston; and since 1845 of the first Baptist Church, Hartford. He has pub. " The Theatre," 1840; "Olympia Morata," 1842; Vinet's " Vital Christianity," with an intro- duction and notes, 1846 ; " The Genius of Scotland," 1847 ; " The Genius of Italy," 1849 ; " Theophany, or the Manifestation oi God in Christ," 1851; Vinet's "Miscellanies," 18.52; " Pulpit Orators of France and Switzerland," 1853 ; " Christ in History," 1856 ; and " Life- Pictures, or Sketches from a Pastor's Note- Book," 1857. He has edited Sir Wm. Hamil- ton's " Discussions on Philosophy," with a hist, introd. ; and was for some years senior editor of the Christian Review. — Appleton. Turnbull, Robert James, political wri- ter, b. N. Smyrna, Fla., Jan. 1775 ; d. Charies- ton, S.C, June 15, 1833. His mother was a Greek lady of Smyrna in Asia Minor. The TTJR father, an English physician, in connection with Lord Hillsborough, obtained grants from the English govt., ab. the year 1772, for settling a Greek colony in Florida, where he founded New Smyrna. Adhering to the popular side, Dr. T. forfeited his grants from govt., and removed to Charleston, S.C. The son was educated in England; studied law in Charles- ton and Phila. ; was adm. to the bar, and prac- tised in Charleston until 1810, when he retired to his large plantation. His treatise on the penitentiary system (Load. 1797) drew atten- tion both in America and Eng. ; his articles forthe Charleston Mercuri/ in 1827, subsequently collected and pub. under title of " The Crisis," became the text-book of the nullification party. In his treatise on " The Tribunal of Dernier Resort," pub. 1830, he arg-uedthat "each State has the unquestionable right to judge of the infractions of the Constitution, and to interpose its sovereign powers to arrest their progress, and to protect its citizens." In 1831 he was prominent in the "Free-trade Convention" which assembled at Columbia, S.C, and was the author of the report of that body ; in a similar convention at Charleston, Feb. 1832, he was also conspicuous. July 4, 1832, he de- livered an oration before an assemblage of the nullification party, which is said to have had a great effect upon the ne.Kt election ; in Nov. 1832 he was a delegate to the S.C. nullification convention, and penned its address to the peo- ple. A lofty monument in Charleston, erected by the nullification party, commemorates his services to their cause. — Apple/on. Turner, Dasiel, commodore U.S.N., b. Newport, K.Iy 1792 ; d. Phila. Feb. 4, 18.W. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1808; lieut. March 12, 1813; master com. March 3, 1825 ; capt. March 3, 1835. During the battle of Lake Erie he com. " The Caledonia," and materially aided the gal- lant Perry in gaining that decisive victory. In testimony of this service, the State of N.Y. presented him with a sword of honor. In the autumn of 1814, while commanding one of the vessels co-operating with Col. Croghan, he was captured, and taken to Montreal. He was rigid in discipline, brave, and generous to a fault. Turner, Edward, politician and jurist, b. Fairfox Co., Va., 1778; d. Natchez, Mpi., May 23, 1860. He removed to Mpi. in 1802 ; was app. register of land-office, west of Pearl River, in 1803; mayor of Natchez 1814-21 ; was selected by the legisl. to make a digest of the laws of the Territory (pub. Natchez, 8vo, 1816) ; was several years in the legisi., and speaker of the house ; was member of the conv. which framed the State constitution ; and was successively atty.-gen., judge of the Superior and Supreme Courts, chancellor of the State, and judge of the High Court of Errors and Appeals. Turner, George, judge, b. Eng. 1750 ; d. Phila. 16 Mar. 1843. He joined the array at the breaking-out of the war ; was a capt. in the service; commanded in S.C; and disting. him- self in several severe engagements, especially in the affair of the " Slaughter Pens." He was the personal friend of Washington, who commissioned him judge of the N.W. Terr. 12 Sept. 1 739. In 1833 he removed to Philadel- phia. Turner, James, statesman, b. Southamp- ton Co., Va., 1766 ; d. Bloomsbury, N.C., Jan. 15, 1824. His education was thatof the comm. schools of the country. He served as a private soldier in the Revol. Member of the N.C legisl. in 1800; in 1802-5 wasgov.of the State; and was U.S. senator 1803-16. Turner, Philip, a celebrated surgeon, b. Norwich, Ct., 1740; d. York Island in the spring of 1815. Left an orphan at the age of 12, ho was taken into the family of Dr. Elisha Tracy, who taught him medicine, and whose dan. lio subsequently married. In 1759 he was app. assist, surgeon to a prov. regt. under Gen. Amherst at Ticonderoga ; at the peace of 1763 he settled in Norwich, where at the breaking- out of the Revol. war, he was unrivalled as a surgeon; in 1775 he was the first surgeon of the Ct. troops before Boston. He went with the army to N. York in 1776, and attended it at the battles of Long Island and White Plains ; in 1777 Dr. Turner was app. surg.-gen. of the Eastern dept., which station he filled with great ability till near the close of the war. He then resumed his private practice, but removed in 1800 to N.Y. City ; was shortly after app. a sur- geon to the staff of the U.S. army, and stationed on York Island. A geneal. of the family has been prep, by Dr. T. L. Turner of Boston. Turner,'SAMOEL Hurleeart, D.D., bib- lical scholar, and clergyman, b. Phila. Jan. 23, 1790; d. New York, Dec. 21,1861. U. ofPa. 1807. Son of Rev. Joseph. Ord. deacon in the Epis. Church in 1811 ; settled in a parish in Chestertown, Md., 1812 ; returned to Phila. in 1817; app. prof of historic theol. in the Gen. Theol. Sem. at N.Y. Oct. 7, 1818, where he was prof of biblical learning in 1821-31 ; and afterward prof, of Hebrew in Col. Coll. In 1827 he prepared with Bishop Whittinghnra a translation of Jahn's " Introduction to the Old Testament," and in 1834 Planck's " Intro- duction to Sacred Criticism and Interpretation." He also pub. " Biographical Notices of Jewish Rabbis," 1847; "Spiritual Things compared with Spiritual," 1848; " Essay on our Lord's Discourse at Capernaum, in John vi.," 1851 ; "Thoughts on Scriptural Prophecy," 1852; " Commentaries on the New-Testament Epis- tles," 1852-3; "Companion to the Book of Genesis ; " " Claims of the Hebrew Language and Literature," 8vo, 1831; " Parallel Refer- ences of the New Test.," 1848 ; " Teachings of the Master," 1858. His Autobiog. was pub. in N.Y. in IS63. — All Ibone; DuydcincL Turner, Thomas, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Va. 21 Apr. 1808. Midshipm. Apr. 21, 1825; lieut. Dee. 22, 1835; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. Dec. 13, 1863; rear-adm. May 27, 1868 ; retired 21 Apr. 1870. He was actively engaged in the Mexican war, and was present at Tuspan, Apr. 7, 1847; com. the sloop of war " Saratoga," and captured two Spanish steamers in the harbor of Auton Leyardo, Mexico, Mar. 6, 1860; com. frigate " New Ironsides " in the attack on the forts in Charleston harbor, Apr. 7, 1863, handling his ship with judgment and ability ; com. South Pacific squadron 1869-70. TtJR 928 Turner, William Waddem, philologist, b. London, 1810; d. VVasliington, D.C., Nov. 29, 1859. He came to this country in 1818, and settled in New York as a journeyman printer. He acquired lan^'uages with great fa- cility, and learned Hebrew, Sanscrit, and oth- er Oriental languages, also those of modern Europe. Prof, of Oriental lit. in the Union Theol. Sem. at Schenectady, N.Y., in 1842-52. From 1852 till his death he was librarian at the patent-office, Washington, and recording sec. of the National Instil With Dr. Nordhei- Haven to print it, and worked upon it as a compositor by day, and prepared the manuscript at night. He translated the first vol. of Mackcldey's Compendium of Modern Civil Law (aided by Dr. Kaufmann), Von Raumer's U.S., and the article on Fine Arts in the " Iconographie Encyclopaedia." He as- sisted in the preparation of the Latin-English Lexicon of Freund. The Dakotah Grammar and Dictiiiiinry, and also the Yoruba Grammar and Dictiociar'y, both pub. by the Smithsonian Institution, are substantially his works. Turreau, Lodis Marie, baron, a French gen., b. 1756 ; d. 15 Dec. 1816. Entering the army young, he fought as a subaltern in the army of Rochambeau for Amer. independence, and gained the rank of capt. He served as a gen. of division in La Vendee, Italy, and Swit- zerland ; was in 180-1 made baron; and was min.-plenipo. to the U.S. in 1804-11. He did not succeed in his efforts to draw our govt, into the adoption of a French policy, and after his return pub. in 1814 "Apergu sur la Situation Politique des lltats-UnIs," a very bitter critique of the Federal govt., which, he says in the pref- ace, " the author has studied 8 years without being able to comprehend it." He also pub. Memoirs of the War of La Vende'e. Tusten, Col. Benjamin, physician, com. the troops who, immediately after the destruc- tion of Minisink by the Indians (July 20, 1779), pursued the savages, but who were ambushed, and defeated with the loss of 44 of their num- ber. Dr. Tnsten was one of the victims, be- ing tomahawked while attending to the wound- ed. Tuthill, A. G. D., painter, a pupil of Bcnj. West; d. Montpelier, Vt., June 12, 184.3, a. 67. Tuthill, Frank, M.D., journalist, b. Suf- folk Co., L.L, 1822; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., 27 Aug. 1865. Amh. Coll. 1840. After practis- ing medicine 7 years, he was until 1859 a writer for the N.Y. times, and afterwards an editor and prop, of the San Francisco Bulletin. Mem- ber N.Y. legisl. 1851 and 1859. He left Cali- fornia in 1864, and had just completed a His- tory of California when he died. Tuthill, Louisa Caroline (Hcgoins), authoress, b. N. Haven ab. 1800. In 1817, at an early age, she m. Cornelius Tuthill of N. Haven,' eiiitor for two years of xhs Microscope, a periodical, and who died in 1825, a. 29. Af- ter his death she contrib. anonymously to magazines. In 1827 she pub. "James Soniers, the Pilgrim's Son;" in 1829 "Mary's Visit to Boston; "" Calisthenics," 18-31. She pub. " The Young Ladies' Reader," 1839; " Young Ladies' Home; " a series of talcs for the young, 1844-50 ; a new series for the young, 1852-i ; " Mv Witc," a novel, 1846 ; " The Historv of Architecture," 1848 ; " Queer Bonnets," 1852. In 1849 she prepared " The Nursery-Book," a vol. of counsel to mothers. She is at present a resident of Princeton, N.J. Tuthill, William H., b. N.Y. Citv Dec. 5, 1808. A traded public attention from his rejection by his congregation in Phila. in consequence of the stand taken by him in the pulpit m opposi- tion to slavery. He was also known as a lec- turer upon religious and secular subjects therof " Vital Truth and Deadly Error," 1852 ; "Children of the Kingdom," 1854; "Our Country's Troubles," 1856. — 5fe A Father's Memorial, ly S. H. Tijixq, D.D., 1858. Tyng, Edward, a brave naval commander of Ms.-; d. Boston, Sept. 8, 1755, a. 72. Grand- son of Gen. Edward, and son of Edward, a councillor, who was app. gov. of Annapolis, and being taken on the passage, and carried to France, d. there. Jle was commissioned by Gov. Belcher, April 16, 1 740, eapt. of the south TYN- 931 and north batteries and fortifications ton; succeeding Capt. Southai of the snow •' Prince of Orange," he took the first privateer on this coast, June 24, 1744; com. " The Massachusetts" frigate in the exped. against Cape Breton in 1 745 ; and was made commodore of the provincial fleet. He captured the " Vigilante," a French man-of-war of 64 guns. Admiral Warren offered Tyng the com- mand of this valuable prize, with the rank of post-capt. ; he declined on account of his ad- vanced age, but recommended Rouse, his sec- ond in command, who received that honor. Tyng, Stephen Uigoinsox, U.D. (Jeff. Coll. 18.S2; H.U. 1851), a popular preacher, b. . ^ . Newburyport, Ms., Mar. 1, 1800. H.U. 1817. trvvr^ft^ Son of Hon. Dudley Atkins TyngS He first en- ^^7 giiged in mercantile pursuits, but soon studied ' £Lli/^ theology ; ord. deacon in 1821, and took charge ■ / of St. George's Church, Georgetown, D.C. ; j^ in 1823 he removed to Queen Anne Parish, Md. ; *• in May, 1829, he became rector of St. Paul's, Phila., which be resigned in May, 1833, on an invitation to the Church of the Epiphany. Since bis removal to New York in 1845, be has been rector of St. George's Church. An ear- rest advocate of the temperance and other social movements of the liay. He is remark- able for readiness as an extempore speaker, and for fervid eloquence. Author of " Lectures on the Law and the Gospel," 1848; "The Israel of God ; " " Christ is All ; " " Christian Titles ; " " Recollections in Europe," drawn from personal observations during a brief tour ; " Sermons preached in the Church of the Epiphany," 1839; "Family Commentary on the Four Gospels," 1 849 ; "Bible Companion ; " " The History of Ruth the Moabitess," 1855 ; " Esther, the Queen of Persia ; " " The Child of Prayer," a memorial of his son Rev. Dudley A. Tyng; " Forty Years' Experience in Sun- day Schools," &c., 1860; "The Spencers," 1870; " Memoir of Rev. G. T. Bedell," 12mo, 1836. He is an editor of the /^ro(es(a«( C/mrch- man of New York. Tyng, Rev. Stephen H., Jun., son of the preceding, b. Phila. 28 June, 1839. Wms. Coll. .1858. Ord. deacon 8 May, 1861, and assist, to his father at St. George's Church, New York, one year; priest 11 Sept. 1863; rector of the Church of the Mediator, Lex. Ave., N.Y'. City, and subsequently organized the Church of the Holy Trinity, 42d St. ; con- sec, in 1865 ; chaplain N.Y. 12tii ]{egt. in 1864 ; tried in 1867 by an eccl. tribunal for preaching to a Meth. church in New Jersey. Tyson, Jon Roberts, LL.D., politician and man of letters, b. Phila. 12 Feb. 1804 ; d. Woodlawn Hall, Pa., June 27, 18.58. He was educated a lawyer ; served in the State Icgisl. ; in the city council of Phila. ; and was an in- fluential il.C. in 1805-7. He was a man of literary and artistic tastes ; and it was due to him that the archives of Pa. were pub. He m. a dau. of the eminent merchant, Thos. P. Cope. He delivered various addresses, and pub. letters and addresses upon the commerce of Phila. He pub. "Pennsylvania Prior to 1743," 8vo, 1843 ; " Essay on the Penal L-aws of Pa.," 8vo, 1827; "Memoir of T. C.James, M.D.," 1836 ; "Lottery System of the U.S.," 1833; "Dis- course on the 200th Anniv. of the Biilh of William Penn," 1844; "On the Col. Hist, of the Eastern and some of the Southern States," 1842. Tytler, James, author, h. Fern, Scotland, 1747; drowned at Salem, Ms., in Jan. 1804. He received a surgical and chemical edu the editors of the " Encyclopedia Britannica ; " author of a " Treatise on the Plague and Yellow Fever," 1799; "Answer to Paiue's Age of Reason ; " " Essays on Natural and IJe- vcaled Religion," 1772 ; " Letter to John Bar- clay on the Doctrine of Assurance ; " " System ofGeography,"I788; " History of Edinburgh;" " Geographical, Hist., and Commercial Gram- mar," 2 vols. 8vo ; poetical transl. of Virgil's " Eclogues ; " " System of Surgery," 3 vols. ; and of some anonymous works and popular songs ; and was a contrib. to many leading magazines of the day. UUoa (ool-loa),' DON Antonio de, a Spanish mathematician, b. Seville. Jan. 12, 1716; d. in the Isle of Leon, near Cadiz, July 5, 1795. He was brought up in the royal marines, in which be obtained the rank of lieut.- gen. Disting. as an engineer, and man of science, he was in 1735 joined in a commission with Don George Juan and others to measure a degree of the meridian in Peru. He remained nearly ten years in S. Amer., and on his return (in 1745) was captured, and carried into an Eng- lish port. He pub. on his return to Spain his voyage to S. Amer., which was soon translated into German, French, and English ; but the latter pub. in 1758, 2 vols. 8vo, is miserably garbled and inaccurate.- He became the chief promoter of the royal woollen manufactories ; re-organized the colleges of histoiy and sur- gery ; superintended and completed the basins at JFerrol and Carthagena. In 1766 he was made gov. of La. Arriving in March, he (bund the inhabitants unwilling to submit to Spanish domination; and they broke out into open riot, which compelled him to leave the colony. In 1772 he pub. " Entretenimientos Phi/sico-historicas sohre la America Merid.," &c. 4to. Having become a lieut.-gen. in the naval service, he re- ceived the command of a squadron intended to join an exped. against Fla. Absorbed in his astronomical investigations, Ulloa forgot to open his sealed orders, and, after cruising two months without success, returned ; was court- martialled in 1780, and never again employed. This eminent Spaniard also contrib. several scientific papers to the Royal Society. Ulloa, Francisco de, Spanish discoverer of California; assassinated at Xalisco, soon after returning from his voyage, " by a soldier who bore malice against him." He was the lieut. of Cortez in his explorations of the w. coast of Amer., and was in 1535 left by him in charge of the colonv at Santa Cruz. He com. the exped. (July, i.539-May, 1540) which explored Cal., giving to the Gulf of C. the name of Mar de Cortes. He ascertained that the peninsula of Cal. was united to the main- land, and sailed northward, examining its western side as far as 30 N. lat. The narr. of this voyage by Preciado, one of the oflicers, is 932 ■CTPH in Ramusio, iii. 283, and in English in Birncy, i. 193. Uncas, sachem of the Mohcgan tribe in Ct. ; (i. in 1683, at a great age. Originally a Pequot war chief. He revolteJ in 1634 from Ko>sucns, the Pequot sachem ; became friendly to tlic English settlers; and was made chief of the Mohegans. In May, 1637, he joined Mason's exped. against the Peqnots, and was rewarded with some of tlieir lands; in 1633 he went to Boston, where he made a treaty to which he adhered ; he also treated with the Ct. colonists in Sept. 1638, and in 1640 con- veyed to tlicm all his land, excepting Mohcgan. In' 1643 he joined the English in a war, which ended in the deatli of the powerful Narrnganset sachem Miantonomoh. In 1648 the Mohawks, Pocontocks, and other tribes, made war against Uncas, but with small result. Besieged in his stronghold on the Cunnecticnt, in 1657, by the Narraganset chief Pessacus, he was relieved, when near starvation, hy Ensign Leffingwell, to whom it is said Uncas deeded the land upon which Norwich now stands, though he after- ward sold it to a comi>any. A council of com- missioners of the United Colonies, held at Boston in 1654, heard many complaints of the rapacity and injustice of Uncas, and ordered that " he be duly reproved, and seriously in- formed that the English cannot protect him in any unlawful, much less treacherous and out- rageous courses." He was characterized in 1674 as " an old and wicked, wilful man, a drunkard, and otherwise very vicious, who hath always been an opposer and underminer of praying to God." He was always the ally of the English, though too old to be of much service in Philip's war in 1675, when all other Indian tribes united against them. Underhill, Capt. John, b. Warwick- shire, Eng. : d. at Oyster Bay, L.I., ab. 1672. He had been a soldier in the Netherlands and at Cadiz. Came to N.E. in 1630 with Win- throp; was a representative from Boston; and was sent by his friend Sir H. Vane in com. of the Colony troops, who with Capt. Mason, in 1637, destroyed the Indian forts at Mystic, and broke the warlike spirit of the Pcquots. Banished in Boston for his religious opinions, he went to Eng., and pub. " News from America," a hist, of the Pequod war, 4to, 1638. In 1641 he was gov. of Exeter and Dover; afterwards lived at Stamford, Ct, ; and in 1646 removed to Flushing. He was a dele- gate to the court at New Haven in 1643, and assistant justice there, and in the war between the Dutch and Indians (1643-6) had a principal command; in 1665 he was a delegate from Oyster Bay to the As.sembly at Hempstead, and was app. under-sheriff of the North Riding of Yorkshire ; in 1667 the Matinenoe Indians gave him 150 acres of land, now in possession of a descendant bearing his name. Underwood, Gen. Adin Ballou, b. Milford, Ms., 19 May, 1828. B.U. 1849. His ancestors Joseph and Thomas came to Hing- ham before 1637, and settled in Watertown. His father Orison was a brig.-gcn. of militia. His mother was Hannah Bond Cheney. Adm. (o the Wore. Co. bar in 1853; removed to Boston in 1855; capt. 2d Ms. Inf. Apr. 1861 ; lient.-col. and col. 3.3d Ms. Inf Sept. 1S62; in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg ; served under Hooker at Look- out Mountain, and dangerously wounded, and disabled from further hcld-duty ; l>rig.-gen. 6 Nov. 1863 ; brev. maj.-gen. 1 Sept. 1865 ; since surveyor of customs, Boston. Underwood, Joseph Rogers, judge, and U.S. senator 1847-53, b. Goochland Co., Va, Oct. 24, 1791. U. of Lex., Ky., 1811. In 1803 he was adopted by his maternal uncle in B;irrcn Co., Ky. ; educated at various schools in that State, and then read law with R. Wicliffe. At Dudley's defeat in 1813 he was a lieut. of vols., and was badly wounded and taken prisoner, but was lodged in a hos- pitable cabin near Cleveland until suiBcicntly recovered to return home. In the fall of 1813 he settled at Glasgow, Ky. ; practised law there ten years, during which time he was trustee of the town, and county atty., and was member of the legisl. in 1816-19 ;' in 1823 he removed with bis family to Bowling Green ; and was a member of the Assembly in 1825-6 ; judge of the Court of Appeals 1 828-35 ; M.C. 1835-43. In 1846 he was again elected to the Ky. legisl., and was speaker of the house ; delegate to the Chicago conv. of 1864. — Lamnan. Updike, WiLKiss, lawyer and author, b. Kingston, R.I., Jan. 8, 1784'; d. there Jan. 14, 1867. He served many years in the legisl.; pub. in 1842 " Memoirs of the R.I. Bar," and, in 1847, "History of the Episc. Church in Narraganset." Upfold, George, D.U. (Col. Coll. 1831), M.D. (Coll. Phys. and Surg. 1816), LL.U. Union Coll. 1814. Pr.-Epi>. bishop of Ind. ; consec.Dec. 16, 1849 ; b. nearGuilford, Snrrev, Eng., 1796; cniig. to the U.S. 1802 ; ord. 1818; rector of St. Luke's, N.Y. Citv, 1819-27 ; of St. Thomas's, 1827-30; of Trinitv, Pittsburg, 18.30-49. Author of "The Last Hundred Years," 1845; "Manual of Private Devotions," 1863 ; also occasional sermons, addresses, &c. Upham, Charles Wentworth, clergy- man and author, b. St. John, N.B., May 4, 1802. ^H.U. 1^21. Son of Judge Joshua, acL-Ti**^' 15^^' loyalist of the Rcvol. (b. Brookfield, Ms., 14 / Nov. 1741; d. Lond. 1808; H.U. 1763), judge of the Sup. Court, and member of the council of N.Brunswick 1784-1807; he practised law in Boston and N.Y. City, and was at one time aide to Gen. Carleton. The son, originally a mer- chant's clerk, afterward taught school in various places. Dec. 8, 1824, ord. coll. of Rev. John Prince over the First Church, Salem, Ms.; and Dec. 8, 1844, relinquished the ministry on account of loss of voice. He has at diftcrcnt times edited the Christian Review (Unitarian) ; ed.the Christian Register in 1845-6; was mayor of Salem in 1852; in 1840, '49, '59, and '60, in the State legisl. ; in 1857 and '58, pres. of the State senate; M.C. 1853-5, and of the State Const. Conr. 1853. Author of " Letters on the Logos," 1828; "Lectures on Witch- craft," 1831 ; "Life of Sir H. Vane," 1835; " Life of J. C. Fremont," 1856; "Prophecy as an Evidence of Christianity," 1835; and "Sar lem Witchcraft," 2 vols. 8vo, 1 867. A frequent contrib. to leading reviews and other periodi- cals ; wrote Memoirs for " The National For- 933 TTRQ trait Gallery ; ' ' and is author of several orations, pamphlets, &c. Upham, Nathaniel Gookiv, LL.D. (Dartm. 1862), jurist, bro. of T. C. Upliara, b. Rochester, N.ll., 1801; d. Concord, N.II., Dec. II, 1869. Dartm. Coll. 1820. Son of Hon. Nathaniel, a prominent politician of N.H. (b. Deerfield, N.ll., 9 June, 1774; d. Roches- ter, N.H., 10 July, 1829; educated at PhilUps Exeter Acad.; M.C. 1817-23). He began to practise law at Bristol, N.H., but removed to Concord in 1829. A judge of the N.H. Su- premo Conrt in 1833-43 ; connected with the Concord Railroad in 1843-63 ; many years a pillar of the Democ. party in N.H.; and made by his warm friend President Pierce, in 1853, a commiss. to London to adjust claims pending between citizens of the two countries. He leil the Democ. party early in 1861, and gave an unqualified support to the govt.; in 1865-G member N.II. legislature. Upham, Rev. Tho.mas Cogswell, D.D. (Wesl. U. 1843), author, b. Deerfield, N.H., Jan. 30, 1799. Dartm. Coll. 1318; And. Sem. 1821. Son of lion. Nathaniel. In 1821 he was Prof. Stuart's assist, as teacher of Hebrew at And. Theol. Sem., and translated Jahn's "Biblical ArchtEology." In 1823-4 he was col- league pastor of the Cong, church in Roches- ter, N.H. ; prof, mental philosophy and ethics, and also instructor in Hebrew, at Bowd. Coll., from Feb. 1825 to July, 1 867. Resides Kcnne- bnnkport, Me. Author of " Elements of Jlcn- tal Philos.," 1839; "Treatise on tlie Will," 1850; " Outlines of Imperfect and Disordered Mental Action," t843 ; "Principles of Interior or Hidden Lifc." In 1855 ho pub. 2 vols, en- titled "Life and Religious Experiences and Opinions of Madame de la Mothe Guyon, and Fe'nelon, Archbishop of Cambray ; " "l!a- tio Disciplirue," 1829_; "Treatise on Divine Union," 1851; "Religious Maxims," 1S54; "Manual of Peace," 1836; "American Cot- tage Life," 1852; "Letters from Europe, Egypt, and Palestine," 1 857 ; an Essav on a Congress of Nations, 1840; "The Life of Faith," 1856; "Life of Catharine Adorna," 1856 ; " A Method of Prayer," 1859. Upham, Col. Timothy, b. Deerfield, N.II., 1783 ; d. Charlcstown, Ms., Nov. 2, 1S55. Son of Rev. Timothy, Cong, pastor of Deer- field from Dec. 9, 1772, to his d. 21 Feb. 181 1 (b. Maiden, Ms., 20 Dec. 1748; H.U. 1763). He pub. some occas. sermons. His son com- menced mercantile life in Portsmouth, N.ll., 'in 1807; March 12, 1812, he was app. major 11th U.S. Inf. ; was soon after placed in com. of the forts and harbor of Portsmouth ; joined the army at Plattsburg in Sept. ; was promoted (12 Mar. 1813) to lieut.-col. in the famous 21st Rcgt., Col. Miller; and at the sortie from Fort Erie he com. the reserve ; collector of Ports- mouth 1816-29; maj.-gen. of the State miUiia; and was navy agent 1841-5. Upshur, Aeel Pabker, jurist and states- man, b. Northampton Co., Va., June 17, 1790; killed Feb. 28, 1844, by the bursting of a gun on board the U.S. steamer "Princeton," in the Potomac. N.J. Coll. 1807. He studied law in the office of William Wirt, in Richmond, and practised his profession there from 1810 to 1 824. After representing his n.ativo Co. in the State legisl., in 1826 he was app. a judge in the Gen. Court of Va. ; in 1829 was a memlicr of the State Const. Conv. ; again sat on the bench of the Gen. Court until 1841, when he became sec. of the navy, and in 1843 ses. of State. A contrib. to the pjriodieal press, and author of " An Inquiry into the Nature and Character of our Federal Govt.," and also a number of essays, reviews, addresses, &c. Upton, Emory, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. . N.Y. West Point, 1861. 1st lieut. 5th Art. .^;. v^ 5*^.?-, 14 May, 1861 ; col. 121st N.Y. Vols. 23 Oct. o^^A. ■ 1862; brig.-gen. vols. 12 May, 1864; capt. 5th Art. 22 Feb. 1865 ; lieut.-col. 25th Inf. 28 July, 1866; assigned to 1st Art. 15 Dee. 1S70; aide to Gen. Tyler, and wounded at Bull Run 21 July ; com. battery, and in the battles of the Peninsular campaign ; engaged at South Mountain,, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chan- cellorsville, and Gettysburg ; com. brigade ia 6th corps, and brev. maj. 8 Nov. 1863 for Rappahannock Station, Va. ; engaged in bat- tles of the Wilderness ; brev. lieut.-col. 10 May, 1864, for Spottsylvania, where he was wound- ed ; in battle of Cold Harbor, siege of Peters- burg, Shenandoah campaign ; wounded, and brev. col. 19 Sept. 1864 for'b.ittle of Winches- ter; com. 4th cav. division in Gen. WiIson'« operations in Ala. and Ga. Mar.-M.ay, 1 865 ; and brov. brig, and niaj. gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 for the capture of Selma, Ala., and for merit, sci-vices during the Rebellion. Author of " Infantry Tactics" for the U.S. army and militia, adopted 1 Aug. 1867. — CuHum. Uring, Capt. Nathaniel, author of " Re- lation of the late Intended Settlement of St. Lucia and St. Vincent," 8vo, 1725. Ills Voyages and Travels, 1726 and 1749, contain a curious account of his visit to New England in 1709. Urquiza (oor-kee'-sa), Jdste Jose de, Argentine statesman, b. in the State of Entre Rios, 1800; assassinated May 14, 1870. He was of mixed Spanish and Indian blood. Dur- ing the war in La Plata, he attached himself to the party of Rosas, and became gen. of divis- ion ; in 1840 ho com. the army sent against Uruguay; and completely detoated Ribera, Mar. 28, 1S45, in the battle of India Muerto, receiving in reward the governorship of Entre Rios. When, in 1851, Rosas pretended to lay down the supreme power, Urquiza took him at his word, and a war was the consequence. Allying himself with Brazil, Paraguay, and Urugnay, he collected an army of 30,000 men ; crossed the Parana in Jan. 1852 ; routed Rosas at Santos Lugares, Feb. 3 ; and hy a, coup d'etat made himself provis. dictator of the Ai-gentine Repub. He called a new congress at Santj, Fe' in Aug. to settle the troubles of the coun- try. A revol. springing up in Buenos Ayres, he besieged the city of that name, but was finally forced to retire. In March, 1854, he was elected for 6 years pres. of the 13 other States composing the union, and employed his power in an enlightened manner, re-establish- mg commerce and navigation, and declaring the Parana, the Paraguay, and the Plata fn-e to foreign powers. The war against Buenos Ayres was continued. In 1859 he arbitrated TTSH 934 between the TJ.S. and Paraguay on occasion of the La Plata naval exped. After retiring from the dictatorship, he was again app. gen.- iu-ciiicf, and once more attempted the reduc- tion of Buenos Ayres, but was defeated by Gon. Mitre, and became in 1862 gov. of Entre Uios. Usher, John, lieut.-gov. of N.H. 1692-7 and 1702, b. Boston, Apr. 27, 1643; d. Med- ford. Ma., Sept. 1, 1726. Sou of llezekiah, of Cambridge 1639, of Boston 1746. He was a bookseller and stationer in Boston ; a col., coun- sellor, and treasurer of Ms. : and rendered im- Allcn, whose claims in N.H. ho supported. Usher, John P., lawyer, b. New York. Removed early in life to Indiana; practised law ; became a member of the legisl. ; was a Bhort time atty.-gen. of the State ; first assist, see. of the interior 1862; sec. from Jan. 1863 till the spring of 18G5. Has since been atty. for the Uuion Pacific Railroad Co., eastern division. Vaill, Joseph, Cong, minister of Had- lyme, Ct., from Feb. 0, 1780, to his d. at Kil- lingworth, Ct., Nov. 21, 1838; b. Litchfield, Ct., July 3, 1750. Dartm. Coll. 1778. He )*ili. in 1 796 " Noah's Flood," a poem of about 550 lines. His Memoirs, by llev. Isaac Par- sons, were pub. in a vol. of 236 pages. Valdivia de (da viil-dec'-vca), Don Pe- dro, one of the Spimish conquerors of Peru in 1532, b. ab. 1510; d. 1559. About 1540, un- • der the orders of Pizarro, he invaded Chili with a small force, founded Santiago, and gained victories over the natives. Returning to Peru about 1547, he fought under Garca against Gonzalez Pizarro. Ho was captured by tlie Araucanians, who put him to death. Valentine, David Thomas, historian, b. E. Chester, N.Y., Sept. 15, 1801 ; d. N.Y. City, Feb. 25, 1869. He received an academical edu- cation at White Plains ; became clerk of the Marine Court in 1 821 ; and in 1 837-63 was clerk of the common council of New York. From 1842 to 1868 ho pub., yearly, "Manual of the Common Council," making 25 vols, of instruc- tive and entertaining matter pertaining to t]je city of New York. Ho also pub. a " History of New York," 8vo, 1853. Vallandigham (va-lan'-de-gam), Clem- EMT C, politician, b. New Lisbon, 0., 1822; d. Lebanon, O., 17 June, 1871, by the acciden- tal discharge of a pistol. Of Huguenot an- cestry. He received a good education ; spent a year at Jeif. Coll., O. ; was 2 years principal of an aead. at Snow Hill, Md. ; adm. to the Ohio bar ia 1842; member of the State legisl. in 1 845-6 ; editor of the Dayton Inquirer 1847-9 ; ■ member of the Cincinnati conv. in 1856; M.C. 1857-63; delejate to the Chicago conv. of 1864. Banished in 1863 for his hostility to tho govt., and went to Canada. In 1863 he was Demoe. candidate for gov. of Ohio, and was defeated. Van Aarsdale, Elias, LL.D., an emi- nent lawver, 33 years pres. of the State Bank ; d. Newark, N.J., 19 March, 1846, a. 75. Van Berckel, Peter I., minister from Holland ; d. Newark, N. J., 17 Dec. 1800, a. 76. Van Brunt, Gershom J., commo. F.S.N., b. N.J. 1800; d. Dedham, Ms., Dec. 17, 1863. He entered the navy, Nov. 3, 1818; app. licut. Mar. 3, 1827; com. May 29, 1846; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; commo. July 16, 1862. He com. " The Minnesota ; " took an active part iu the reduction of the Hatteras forts, and in tho blockading service at Hampton Roads. Van Buren, Johx, lawyer and politician, b. Hudson, N.Y., Feb. 18, ISIO; d. on the pas- sage between Liverpool and N. York, Oct. 13, 1866. Y.C. 1828. Second son of Pres. Van Buren. Studied law with B. F. Butler of Al- bany, and adm. to the bar in 1830. He at- tended his father at the court of St. James in 1831 ; in 1845-6 was atty.-gen. of New York; and in 1 848 acted with the Free-Soil party, ably advocating the exclusion of slavery from tho Federal Territories. During the later years of his life, however, he acted with the Democ. par- ty. In May, 1866, he left N. York, and made an extensive European tour. He wns an elo- quent speaker, an able lawyer, and possessed fine .social qualities. Van Buren, Martin, 8th president of tho U.S., b. Kinderhook, N.Y., Dec. 5, 1782; d. there July 24, 1 862. His father was a farmer, and he was educated at the village academy. Adm. to the bar in 1 803, he became surrogate of Columbia Co. in 1 803 ; a member of the sen- ate in 1812 ; an earnest advocate of the war of 1812-15; att)r.-gen. of the State in 1815; again in the senate in 1816 ; and became the ruling spirit of the coterie of Democrats who controlled the State for over 20 years. He was removed from the office of atty.-gen. in 181 9 ; wiis a mem- ber of the State Const. Conv. in 1821; U.S. sen- ator 1821-8 ; chosen gov. of N. York in 1823 ; from Mar. 1829 to Apr. 7, 1831, sec. of state to Pres. Jackson ; app. minister to Eng. in 1831, but rejected by thesenate; vice-prcs. in 1833- 7; and chosen pres. in 1837, but in 1841 wis defeated by Gen. Harrison, who had 234 elec- toral votes, while Van Buren received but 60. In 1844 his renomiuation by his party was rejected on account of his opposition to the aft- nexation of Texas ; in 1 848 he was the candi- date of the antislavery party. With the excep- tion of a European tour in 1S53-5, he afterward remained in private life. On the outbreak of the civil war, Mr. Van Buren declared himself decidedly and w.armly in favor of maintaining the republic in its integrity. Iu 1820 ho op- posed the admission of Mo. as a slave State. In the Const. Conv. he advocated an extension of the electoral franchises, hut opposed univer- sal suffrage, and also the election of justices of the peace. As gov., he proposed the safety- fund banking system. At the period of his accession to the presidency the country was in- volved in a crisis of unprecedented severity, and 2 months later the banks suspended specie payment. To meet this state of things, an ex- traordinary session of Congress was convened in Sept., to which he proposed various measures of relief. The principal measures of his admin- istration were the establishment of the indcp. treasury, and the pre-emption law, giving set- tlers on public lands the right to buy them in preference to other peraons. Notwithstandina Ml'. Van Buren was the subject of much parti 935 san denunciation, all parties have bomo testi- mony to his admirable personal qualities. He m. a Miss Hoes ab. 1804, and had several sons. Author of an "Inquiry into the Origin and Course of Political Parties in the U.S.," edited by his sons, 8vo, IS67. — See his Life l,y W. Holland, 1836; D. Croclcctt, 1836; jl/. Dawson, 1840; W. L. Mackenzie, Butler, and Uoj/l, 2 vols. 8vo, 1846. Vance, Joseph, gov. of Ohio 1836-8, b. Washington Co., Pa., Mar. 21, 1786; d. near Urbaua, 0., Aug. 24, 1852. His father, Joseph Colville, served through the Revol. in Morgan's ritiu regt. ; afterwards settled in Ky. ; and in 1 805 was one of the first two settlers of Urba- na, O. Joseph followed mercantile pursuits with success; was a member of the Oliio legisl. in 1812-16; M.C. 1821-35, and again 1843-7, serving as chairman of the com. on claims ; State senator 1839-41 ; and rose to the rank of maj.-gen. of mililia. Gov. V. was an en- thusiastic farmer and stock-raiser. Delegate to the Whig Nat. Conv. at Phila. in 1848, and to the State Const. Conv. of 1820. — .1. T. Goodman. Vance, ZEBntON B., gov. of N.C. 1861-5 (under the Confederacy), b. Buncombe Co., N.C, Mav 13, 1830. He spent a year at the U. of N.'C. ; was adm. to the bar in 1853; member of the legisl. 1854-8; M.C. 1858-61; chosen U.S. senator in 1870. Van Cleve, Gen. Hokatio Phillips, b. Princeton, N. J., Nov. 23, 1809. West Point, 1831. He studied at N. J. Coll. ; and was a 2d lieut. 5th Inf., resigning in 1836. Removing to Mich., ho employed himself in agriculture and civil engineering. He was a farmer in Minnesota in 1856-61 ; and July 22, 1861, was made col. of the 2d Minn. Vols. He com. this regt. at the battle of Mill Spring, Jan. 1 9, 1 862 ; for his conduct on this' occasion was made a brig.-gen. March 21, 1862; com. a brigade in Crittenden's division, before Corinth, through Northern Ala. ; and at Louisville took com. of the division on riliinnl- n', irnniotion (Oct. I, 1862); joining i; ; i I ' , lie took part in the battle ot " '.: v. here he was wounded, having ini :'■; -ii :iii-. sen-ice; en- gaged at Ringgold, Ga., anil Gordon's jNIills 1 1- 13 Sept. 1863 ; in battle of Chickamauga 19-20 Sept. 18G3 ; and in com. of Murfreesborough, Tcnn., 1863-5 ; adj.-gen. State of Minn, since Jan. 1866. — t'»//HHi. Van Cortlandt, Gen. Philip, a patriot of the Revol., b. New York, Sept. 1, 1749 ; d. Nov. 5, 1831. Son of Pierre. He became a land-surveyor at the age of 19; but, when the Revol. broke out, he joined the patriot army as a lieut.-col. In 1776 he was app. col. 2d N.Y. Regt. ; served at the battle of Stillwater, also against the frontier Indians in 1778; in 1780 com. a regt. of militia under Lafayette, and for his gallant conduct at Yorktown v.as promoted to brig.-gen. Member of the N.Y. Assembly 1 788-90 ; of the State Conv. which adopted the U. S. Constitution in 1788; senator 1791-4; and M.C. 1793-1809. Gen. Van Cortlandt ac- comp. Lafayette in his tour through the U.S. in 1824. His dan. Gertrude m. Admiral Sir Edward Duller, and d. 3 Oct. 1849. Van Cortlandt, Piebre, lieut.-gov. of N.Y. 1777-95; d. Cortland, N.Y,, 1 May, 1814, a. 94. Bro. of the preceding. Member 1st Prov. Congress, also of the com. which framed the constitution of N.Y. The Van Cortlandt family, originally noble in Holland, was estab- lished in America by Rt, Hon, Oliver Stephen, who in 1629 accomp, the Dutch gov. to N.Y, as secretary. Vancouver, Geokge, navigator and ex- plorer of the north-west coast of America ; b. ab. 1757 ; d. May 10, 1798. Entering the navy in 1771, he accomp. Cook in his two last voy- ages, and in the latter part of 1780 was app. a lieut, ; in 1790 he was made master and com, of " The Discovery," in which ship he was sent out to ascertain if there existed in North Amer- ica, between the 30th and 60th degrees of n. lat., an interior sea or any canals of communi- cation between the known gnlf's of the Atlantic and the great sea. He sailed from Eng. Apr. 1, 1791 ; and, after an examination of the Sandwich Islands, crossed in March, 1792, to the American coast, where he received the sur- render of Nootka from the Spaniards, and spent the summers of 1792, '93, and '94 in sur- veying the coast as far N. as Cook's Inlet, win- tering in the Sandwich Islands. He consid- ered his explorations to have settled the ques- tion of a north-west passage in the negative. Vancouver's Island was named by him. On his return, he surveyed most of the W. coast of S. America from the Island of Chiloe, visit- ing the chief Sj mi-Ii =-f:.m n' , lie was made a post. M- •. i:m ' ' i:i Lond. inNov. 1795 i:i :: ! i :lilVom theefi'ectsof 111, i">;i:'^, iiiii .I-im,,., Iiiniself to the arrangenicTit ot his numiistrijits lor pub- lication until within a short time of his death. His Voyages, edited by his bro., was printed at the expense of govt. (4to, Lond, 1798), and was shortly after translated into French, Ger- man, and Swedish, Vandenhoff, Geokge, actor and reader, son of John M., a celeb, actor, b, Eng. ab. 1820. Made his d^but Oct. 14, 1839, at Cov- ent Garden, London, as Leon, in " Rule a Wife, and Have a Wife." Left the Eng. stage Aug. 1, 1842, as Hamlet; app. at the Park Theatre, N.Y., Sept. 21, 1842, as Hamlet ; took 'farewell of the stage in Nov. 1856 ; was adm. to the bar in Nov. 1858; and has latterly given public readings. Author of a " Plain System of Elocution ; " " Leaves from an Actor's "Notc- Book," &c,, 1860 ; " Dramatic Reminiscences," &c., 1859; " Clerical Assistant, an Elocution- ary Guide," 1862 ; "A Lady's Reader," 1862, Vanderbilt, Cornelius, a wealthy and enterprising citizen of N,Y,, b. Statcn Island, N.Y., May 1794. Originally poor, he began business as master of a small sail-boat ; became eapt. of a steamboat in 1817 ; built many steam- boats and steamships of improved construction, )k,^ and in 1851 established a line from N. Y. to ^> California by way of Nicaragua. In 1862 he gavr to tip r S 1 (i\ t. his new steamer " The Vaii<: ■ : 'i cost $800,000, and for will' !: I _ r.l a resolution of thanks. Hi/ II"". ii I, I'l- . Ill f control of the N.Y. Cen- tral and the lliirlem Railroads. " His enter- prise, genius, and success are known and felt the world over." -VAN jyn, JoH ton, Ulster Co., N.Y., Oct. 1776; d Sept. 1852. Evincing aptitude for painting, he went at 16 to N.Y. City, where lie received instruction from Gilbert Stuart; went to Paris in 1796 tlirough the aid of Aaron Burr, stud- ied there 5 years, and again resided in Europe in 180.3-1.5. His picture of " Marius seated amid the Ruins of Carthage " won the gold medal at the Louvre in 1808, and a high com- pliment from Napoleon. While in Italy, he made many copies of the old masters, especially Ariadne, the Danae and the Antiope of Correggio, and a female figure from the trans- figuration of Raphael. After his second return to America, he painted portraits of Madison, Monroe, Clinton, Calhoun, and many other disting. men. He introduced panoramic exhi- bitions into the U.S., but was pecuniarily un- successful. In 1832 he was commissioned to paint a full-length of Washington for the hall of the house of representatives; and in 1839 painted the "Landing of Columbus" for the rotunda of the capitol. Another of his pictures was " The Murder of Miss McCrea." His last was a full-length of Pres. Taylor. Van Derveer, Gen. Ferdinand, b. But- ler Co., O., i-eb. 27, 1823. Farmers Coll., 0. Rose from a private to capt. 1st Ohio Regt. in the Mexican war, and at Monterey headed one of the assaulting columns. He afterwards practised law, and was sheriff of Butler Co. Col. 35th O. Regt. 1861-2; succeeded to the com. of McCook's brigade in Sept. 1862, and led it until made brig.-gcn. in the fall of 1864, and assigned to the 4th corps. He was in the battle of Mill Spring, and was highly disting. at Chickamaiiga and Mission. Ridge. — Reid's Ohio i,i the War. Van de Velde, James Oliver, D.D., R.C. bishop of Natcliez, b. Belgium, 1792; d. Natchez, Mpi., Nov. 13, 1855. Uniting him- self early with the Jesuits, he was sent when quite young to America. For some years he was pres. of the R.C. Coll. of St. Louis ; was conscc. bishop of Chicago in 1848; and was transferred to Natchez, July 29, 1833. Van Dorn, Gen. Earl, b. Mpi. 1821 ; d. Spring Hill, Tenn., May 8, 1863. West Point, 1842. Aide-de-camp to Gen. P. F. Smith 1847-9; brev. capt. and major for gallantry at Cerro Gordo and at Contreras and Churu- busco ; disting. at Chapultepec ; wounded at the capture of Mexico City, Sept. 13, 1847; capt. 2d Cav. 3 Mar. 1853; disting. in several conflicts with the Comanches in Texas, in one of which, 1 Oct. 1838, he was 4 times wounded (twice dangerously); major 2d Cav. 28 June, 1860. Long known in the army as zealously devoted to the interests of the slaveholding States, he was among the first to resign his commission (Jan. 31, 1861) ; became a col. in the Confcd. service ; took com. of a body of Texas vols. ; April 20 captured the valuable steamer " Star of the West " at Indianola ; Apr. 24, at the head of 800 men at Salaria, he received the surrender of Maj. C. C. Sibley and 7 companies of U.S. inf. ; and May 9, of LIcut.-Col. Reeve, and 6 companies 8ih Inf. Made brig.-gen., and soon after maj.-gen., he took com. of the Trans-Mpi. dist. Jan. 29, 1862 ; was defeated at the battle of Pea Ridge, Mar. 6, 7, and 8 ; was superseded by Gen. Holmes ; joined the army in Mpi. ; com. and was defeat- ed at the battle of Corinth, Oct. 3, 4 ; and was superseded by Gen. Peniberton. Defeated at Franklin, Tenn., Apr. 10, 1863, by Gen. Gor- don Granger. He was shot by Dr. Peters, whose family he had injured. Van Dyke, Nicholas, pres. of Delaware, and member Cont. Congress 1777-82; d. St. George's Hundred, Del., 19 Feb. 1789, a. 50. His son Nicholas (M.C. 1807-U ; U.S. sena- tor 1817-26) d. Newcastle, Del., May, 1826. N.J. Coll. 1788. Vane, Sir Henry, statesman, b. Hadlow, Kent, Eng., 1C12; executed on Tower Hill, London, June 14, 1662. Son of Sir Henry, sec. of state, and treas. of the royal house- hold under James I. and Charles I. Educated at Westminster and Oxford, he became so far alienated from the Church of England, that he refused to take the oath of allegiance, and re- turned from a residence at Geneva a Repub. and a Puritan. Resolving to join the Puritan Colony of Ms., he reached Boston Oct. 3, 1635 ; was enthusiastically received ; and in 1636, at the age of 24, was chosen gov. A bitter religious controversy sprang up during his term of oflice. Vane was probably the first who laid down with precision the inviola- ble rights of conscience and the exemption of religion from all civil authority. He had a horror of all forms of bigotry, and had no sym- pathy with the attacks of the clergy on Mrs. Hutchinson. A strong opposition, under the lead of Winthrop, was organized against liini, and he was at the next election defeated. The people of Boston, however, immediately chose him their representative to the General Court. He sailed for England, Aug. 3, 1637; was elected to parliament, and was, with Sir Wm. Russell, made joint treasurer of the navy, and also knighted in 1640. In the long parliament, of which he was a member, he was instrument- al in the conviction of Strafibrd, and a zealous opponent of the royalists; was the prime mover of the Solemn League and Covenant ; was upon all the commissions empowered to treat with the king during thenar; and in 1648 led the minority of parliament which favored the rejection of the terms of settlement oft'ered by the king. Not approving of Cromwell's "purge" of the parliament, he withdrew to private life, imlil, In Feb. 1649, he became a member of the council of state, which was in- trusted with the exec. govt, of ihe nation. He had almost exclusive direction of the navy and the conduct of foreign wars; and was at the head of a com. which reported a bill for jiarlia- mentary reform. It was at this time that Mil- ton wrote in his praise one of his finest sonnets. The forcible dissolution of the long parliament in April, 1653, brought Vane and Cromwell into open conflict; and Vane's opposition was carried to such a length, that he was for a short time confined In Carisbrooke Castle. In the parliament of 1659 he was the leader of the Repub. party. Committed to the Tower after the restoration, he was one of the 20 exee])ted from the act of oblivion and pardon. His bearing at the place of execution was dignified VAN 937 and manly. He was a leader of the Independ- ents. His services to New England were im- portant. It was in great measure throuKh his influence that the charter for the R.I. Colony was procured, and Roger Williams declared that his name ought ever to be held in honored remembrance by her people. He was, s-iys Forster, " one of the greatest and purest men that ever walked the earth." His Life, by C. W. Upham, is in Sparks's "American Biogra- phy," iv. The present duke of Cleveland, in whose veins the blood of Charles II. also flows, is his lineal descendant. Van Ness, Cornelius Peter, LL.D. (U. of Vt. 1823), jurist and diplomatist, b. Vt. Jan. 26, 1782; d. Phila. Dec. 15, 1852. Edu- cated for the law, he practised with great suc- cess at Burlington, Vt. ; was U.S. atty. 1809- 13; representative 1818-21; a commiss. to settle our national boundaries under the treaty of Ghent 1817-21 ; collector of the port of Bur- lington 1815-18; chief justice of the State 1821-3 ; gov. 1823-6 ; minister to Spain 1829- 39 ; collector of the port of New York 1844-5. Van Ness, William W., jurist, b. Clav- enack, N.Y., 1776 ; d. Charleston, S. C, Feb. 27, 1823. Adm. to the bar in 1797. He prac- tised in his native town and in Hudson. Mem- ber of the Assembly in 1804-6 ; judge N.Y. Sup. Court 1807-22; member State Const. Conv. 1823. Van Rensselaer (van rSn'sel-ler), Cort- land, D.D. (U. of N.Y. 1845), a son of Stephen, b. Albany, May 25, 1808 ; d. Burlington, N. J., July 25, 1860. Y.C. 1827. Adm. to the N.Y. bar in 1830; studied at the Theol. Sem. in Princeton; was ord. in 1835, and preached in Va. In 1837 he became pastor of the 1st Presb. Church, Burlington, N. J. As agent for the Coll. of N. J., he raised 8100,000 for its endowment. He founded the Presb. Maijazine^ and contributed largely to its pages. A vol. of his Ess:iys and Discourses, Hist, and Prac- tical, ed. by'hisson, was pub. 8vo, Phila. 1861. Van Rensselaer, Col. Henry, insp.- gen. U.S.A., b. N. York 1810 ; d. Cincinnati, March 23, 1864. West Point, 1831 ; res. from 5th Inf. Jan. 27, 1832. Son of Stephen. M.C. from N.Y. 1841-3. App., on the breaking-out of the Rebellion, chief of staff to Gen. Scott, with rank of brig.-gen.; and, on Scott's retire- ment, was made insp.-gcn., with rank of colonel. Van Rensselaer, Gen. Henry Kil- LiAS, b. near Albany, 1744; d. Grcenbush, N.Y., Sept. 9, 1816. He com. a N.Y. rcgt. in the Revol. war ; was wounded at the capture of force near Fort Anne. He made a brave re- sistance, but, learning of the abandonment of Ticonderoga, he withdrew. In this affair he was severely wounded in the thigh. Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah, Revol. pa- triot, b. 1741 ; d. Albanv, Feb. 22, 1810. N.J. Coll. 1753. Lieut.-gov.'of N.Y. 1801-3; M.C. 1789-91. Van Rensselaer, Gen. Solomon, b. Rensselaer Co., N.Y., Aug. 6, 1774; d. Al- bany, April 23, 1852. Son of Gen. Henry Kill'ian. He entered the service March 14, 1792, as a cornet of cavalry, and as capt. was severely wounded through the lungs in the battle of Miami ; fought under Gen. Wayne, Aug. 20, 1794 ; in 1801-10 and in 1813 he served as adj. -gen. of N.Y. militia ; in the as- sault upon Queenstown Heights, Oct. 13, 1812, being then lieut.-col. of N.Y. Vols., he performed a conspicuous and gallant part, and received fourwounds. M.C. 1819-22; postmaster at Al- bany 1822-39. In 1836 he pub. a " Narrative of the Affair at Queenstown." Van Rensselaer, Stephen, LL.D. (Y. C. 1825), " the patroon," b. New York, Nov. 1,1764; d. Albany, Jan. 26, 1839. H.U. 1782. He was the 5th in lineal descent from Kiliaen Van R., the original patroon, or proprietor, of a tract of land which in 1637 was 2ff miles in breadth by 48 in length, extending over the ip Livingston. In 1783 he m. a dau. of Gen. Philip Schuyler. Member of the Assembly in 1789, of the State senate in 1790-5; lieut.-gov. 1795-1801; member of the Const. Conv. of 1801 , and most of the time its presiding oflaeer ; in 1810-11 one of the commiss. for exploring the route and considering the feasibility of a western canal; from 1816 till his death was one of- the canal commiss., and for 15 years pres. of the board. In 1801 he com. the State cavalry, with the rank of gen. ; was in com. of the N.Y. militia on the breaking-out of the war of 1 81 2. and assaul ted and took Queenstown, Canada, but was eventually defeated. He was again a member of the legist, in 1816; in 1819 was elected a regent of the State U., and sub- sequently its chancellor; in 1820 pres. of the State agric. board; in 1821 a member of the Const. Conv.; and M.C. in 1823-9, where his vote caused the election of J. Q. Adams. Un- der his direction, and at his expense. Prof. Eaton made his geol. surveys of N.Y. in 1821- 3. In Nov. 1824 he established at Troy a sci- entific school for the instruction of teachers, incorporated in 1826 as the Rensselaer Institute. Fully one-half of its current expenses were borne by him, and he continued to aid it till hia death. Author of "A Geol. and Agric. Sur- vey of the Dist. adjoining the Erie Canal," 8vo, 1 824. — See a Discourse of the Life, Services, and Character of Van Rensselaer, hif Ij. D. Barnard, Van Santvoord, George, lawyer and author, b. Belleville, N. J., Dec. 8, 1819 ; killed at E. Albany, by being run over by a train of cars, March 6, 1863. Un. Coll." 1841. His father. Rev. Staats, was pastor of the Dutch Ref. Church at Belleville. He studied law at Kinderhook, removed to Indiana, but returned to K., and practised la»v from 1846 to 1852, when he went to Troy, N.Y. In 1852 and '56 he was elected to the State Assembly, and in 1859 became dist.-atty. of Rensselaer" Co. He pub. " Life of Algernon Sidney," 1851 ; " Lives of the Chief Justices of the U.S.," 8vo, 1854 ; " Principles of Pleading in Civil Ac- tions under the N.Y. Code," Svo, 1852 and 1855; "Precedents of Pleading," 1858; "Prac- tice in the Supreme Court of N.Y., in Equity Actions," 1860-2; and "The Indiana Jus- tice," 1845. He also wrote for the Oemoc. lie- view lives of leading French revolutionists, including Robespierre, Daiiton, and Carnat. ■VAJdlnm. Vogdes, William, LL.D., prof, mathem. Phila. High School 1838-62, b. Phila. 1802; adm. to the Phila. bar 1832. Author of " U.S. Arithmetic," 1845; " Elem. Treatise on Men- suration and Pract. Arith.," 1845. — Allibone. Volney, Constantine Franqois Chasse- bedf. Count de, a French writer, b. Craon, Feb. 3, 1757 ; d. Paris, April 25, 1820. Alter completing his education, he went to Egypt and Syria in 1783, of which countries he pub. a description, in 2 vols. 8vo, 1787. At the be- ginning of the revol., he became a member of the States-Gen. In the reign of terror he was imprisoned, but in 1794 became a prof in the new school of education. On the failure of this project, in 1795, Volney came to America, where he had a controversy with Priestley on the origin of Christianity, and returned in 1798. A republican by principle, he was always an ardent defender of the rights of the nation. Napoleon made him a senator; and, after the restoration of the Bourbons, he was designated a member of the chamber of peers, June 4, 1814. His other works are " The Ruins, or Meditations on the Revolutions of Empires; " " The Law of Nature, or Physical Principles of Morality ; " " Account of Corsica ; " " Lec- tures on History; " " On the Climate and Soil of the U.S. of America," Phila. 8vo, 1804, &c. Voorhees, Daniel W., Democ. politician, b. Fountain Co., Ind., Sept. 26, 1828. Ind. Asbury U. 1849. He began to practise law in 1851 ; was U.S. dist.-atty. for Ind. in 1858- 61 ; M.C. 1861-5 and 1869-71. Voorhees, Philip F., capt. U.S.N., b. N. J. ; d. Annapolis, Md., Feb. 26, 1862. Midshipm. Nov. 15, 1809; lieut. Dee. 9, 1814; com. Apr. 24, 1828; capt. Feb. 28, 1838. He was in the actions between the frigates " Unit- ed States " and " Macedonian," Oct. 25, 1812 ; and the sloops " Peacock " and " Epervier," Apr. 29,1814, as lieut. of "The Peacock ;" com. " The John Adams " in the Mediterranean in 1831-2. Vose, Joseph, col. 1st Ms. Regt. Revol. war, b. Milton, Ms., 1738; d. there May 22, 1816. He was col. of militia in Nov. 1774; May 27, 1775, he led an exped. which de- stroyed the light-hoose and the hay on the islands in Boston harbor. Lieut.-col. of Grea- ton's regt. Nov. 4, 1775, and accompanied it to Canada in 1776; joined the main army in N. J. in the spring of 1777; and closed his Revol. services in Lafayette's corps, at York- town. His bro. Elijah, lieut.-col. of his regt. (1st), b. Milton, 24 Feb. 1744, d. 19 Mar. 1822, served through the war, in which 4 of the brothers were engaged. Vroom, Peter D., LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1812), statesman, b. N.J. Col. Coll. 1808. Member N. J. legisl. 1826-9; member N.J. Const. Conv. 1844 ; gov. of that State 1829-32 and 183.3-6; M.C. 1839-41; and in 1853-7 was minister to Prussia. Delegate to the Peace Congress in Feb. 1861. Waddell, James, D.D. (Dick. Coll. 1792), Presb. minister, b. Newry, Ireland, July, 1739; d. Louisa Co., Va., Sept. 17, 1805. He was brought to Amer. in infancy by his parents, who settled on While-clay 'Creek, Pa. He studied under Dr. Finley at Nottingham ; was an assist, to Pres. Smith of Uamp.-Sid. Coll., ■VfTAX} and Prcs. S. S. Smith of N. J. Coll. Meeting with tlie celebrated preacher Samuel Davies, he studied theolo.jiy ; was licensed to preach in 1761; ord. 16 June, 1762; and settled pastor in Lancaster Co., Pa. In 1776 he removed to Augusta Co., Va., .nnd in l7Si to Hopewell, where he d. a tcaclier. While there, he was deprived of sight, but coiitiuuod to preach. Wirt, in "The British Spy," has given an in- teresting picture of the blind preacher,.. whom he believed to be the equal of Patrick Henry, though in a differentspecies of oratory. A dau. m. Rev. Archibald Alexander. — Sj)ratjue. Waddell, Moses, D.D. (Col. Coll., S.C, 1S07), Prcs. of Franklin Coll., Ga., 1819-29i b. Iredell Co., N.C., July 29, 1770; d. Athens, Ga., July 21, 18W. Hamp.-Sid. Coll. 1791. He was self-educated ; was licensed to preach by the Hanover presbytery 12 May, 1792; became a disting. teacher, and, under his care, Fraiddin College (now the U. of Ga.) at- tained a high position. Author of " Memoirs of Caroline E. Smelt," 12mo, 1319. — Hjtraffue. Wade, Benjajiin Fraskli.n, senator, a zealous 0|)ponent of slavery, b. Springfield, Ms., 27 Oct. 1800. His father was a soldier of the Rcvol., and a poor man. With a limited education, he in 1821 removed to Ohio, having been some months employed in digging the Erie Canal. He taught school ; studied law ; and was in 1828 adm. to the A^htabula-Co. bar; made prosec. atty. of that county in 1835; State senator in 1837-9; in 1847 pres. judge of the 3d judicial dist. ; and in 1851-69 was U. S. senator. Prominent in that body as a leader of the antislavery Whigs, and then of the Republicans; he" advocated the Homestead Bill and the repeal of the Fugitive-slave Law ; op- posed the Kansas-Nebraska Bill of 1854, the Lecompton Constitution for Kansas in 1858, the purchase of Cuba, and, in Dec. 1860, the making any new concessions to the slave- power. During the Rebellion, he labored inces- santly for a more vigorous prosecution of the war; in 1861-2 was chairman of tlie joint com. on the conduct of the war, and was active in urging the passage of a confiscation bill. As chairman of the com. on Territories, he re- ported a bill in 1862 abolishing slavery in all the Territories. On the question of the recon- struction of the Southern States, after the war, he was decidedly radical. After the assassina- tion of Pres. Lincoln in Apr. 1865, he became pres. pro tern, of the senate, and acting vice- pres. of the U. S. In Mar. 1867 he was cho- sen pres. of the senate. One of the comiuiss. to visit San Domingo in Feb.-Mar. 1871, and re- port upon its annexation to the U.S. Now (1872) atty. Northern Pacific Railroad. Wadsworth, Alexander Scammell, capt. U.S.N., b. Portland, Me. ; d. Washing- ton, Apr. 5, 1851. Son of Gen. Pelcg. Mid- shipm. April 2, 1804; lieut. April 21, 1810; com. April 27, 1816; capt. Mar. 3, 1825; 2d lieut. of " The Constitution " in the action with "The Guerrifere," Aug. 19, 1812, and presented with a valuable sword by the citizens of Portland soon after. Wadsworth, Benjamin, clergvman, pres. of H.U., b. Milton, Ms., 1669; d. 'March 16, 1737. H.U. 1690. Son of Captain Samuel, who was killed by the Indians at Sudburv, April 18, 1676. Minister of the First Churcii, Boston, as colleague with Mr. Fo.xcroft, Feb. 8, 1696, until imlucied at H.U. July 7, 1725; and prcs. until his death. He devoted a tenth of his income to charities. He pub. " Five Sermons" (Boston, 18mo, 1714), a large num- ber of occasional sermons, and some theologi- cal treatises. Wadsworth, Gen. James, Revol. patriot, b. Durham, Ct,, 6 Julv, 1730; d. there 22 Sept. 1817. YC. 1748. town-clerk of 1). 1756- 86; col. and brig.-gen. in 1776; and in 1777 was app. 2d maj.-gen. Ct. militia. In Mar. 1777 he was ordered to New Haven to delLnd the scaeoast, and was some time a member of the com. of safety of Ct, He was some time jus- tice, and then judge of theC.C.P., New-Haven Co. ; member of the council I785-9U, and a delegate to the Cont. Congress 1783-6. Wadsworth, James, philanthropist, b. Durham, Ct., April 20, 1768; d. Gcneseo, N.Y., June 8, 1844. Y.C. 1787. Nephew of the preceding. In 1790 he became the joint owner with his bro. William of a large tract of land on the Genesee River, which advanced so much in value that he acquired a large fortune. He established the first Normal School in New York in 1811; procured the enactment of the school-library law in 1838; founded a library and institution for scientific lectures at Gcneseo, and endowed it with SIO,000. His gifts to the cause of education exceeded $90,000. Wadsworth, Gen. James Samuel, b. Gencseo, N.Y., Oct. 30, 1807 ; d. May 8, 1864, of wounds received in battle of Wilderness, Va.,May6. Son of the preceding. Educated at Harvard and Yale. He studied law at Al- bany, and in the office of Daniel Webster; was adm. to the bar in 1833, but never prac- tised, employing himself in the mamigement of his large patrimonial estates, and taking a deep interest in education. He took part in the free-soil movement of 1848 ; was a com- raiss. to the Peace Convention at Washington, Feb. 1861 ; and was one of the first to olfer bis services to the govt, when the civil war began. When communication between Phila. and Washington was obstructed, he chartered a vessel, freighted it with supplies at his own expense, and sailed with it to Annapolis, ar- riving opportunely for the necessities of the govt. In June he was a vol. aide on Gen. JleDowcll's staflf, and was commended for bravery and humanity in the battle of Bull Run ; made brig.-gen. Aug. 9, 1861 ; in Mar. 1862 he was made inilit. ^ov. of D.C. Candi- date of the Rcpub. party for gov. of N.Y. in Nov. 1862, he was defeated by Horatio Sey- mour. In Dec. he was assigned a division under Gen. Burnside;. and, at the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gcttys- bur_', com. the 1st division 1st army corps under Gen. Reynolds, which at the latter place saved the first day ; com. the corps after the fall of Reynolds. Early in 1864 he was sent upon special service to the Mpi. Valley, and made an extensive tour through the VVestcrn and S.W. States. In the campaign of 1864 he led the 4th division of the 5th corps. Wadsworth, Jeremiau, commissary- "W^JkD 946 pen. (liiiinj the frrontcr pavt of the Eevol. war, h. Ilaitloid 174.! ; il. there Apr. 30, 1804. He wa< l\\r oiiuiiiMtnr ami promoter of public im- pruveiii' rits In his native town ; was a delegate to the (,:ijnt. Congress in 1786-8, and M.C. in WadSWOrth, Pei.eg, maj.-gen., b. Dux- biirv, Ms., iVlav 6, 1748 ; d. Hiram, Me., Nov. 18, "1829. H.U. 1769. He taught scliool at Plymouth, Ms., in 1769, with Alexander Seammell, and engaged in commerelal pursuits. Joining the Rcvol. army as capt. of minute- men at Roxbury early in the struggle, he became aide to Gen. Ward, and afterwards adj. - gen. (or Ms., and was present at the battle of Lnni; Island; brig.-gcn. of militia in 1777; second in cuni.of tlic I\Mi..lisi-otexped. in 1779, on whiili occaMnii hr .ii^iilaycil great courage, and was taken |.i i-nner. I 'a|. lured by a party of the enemy in Feii. 17sl, they imprisoned him in the fort at Castine, whence he escaped in June. In 1784 he established himself in business in Portland, Me., and was much em- played in survcving ; in 1792 he was elected a State senator, and was M.C. in 1792-1806; in 1807 he removed to Oxford, Me., to improve a large tract of land granted to him by govt, for his services. His son Lieut. Henkt, U.S.N. , disting. in Tripolitan war, d. off Tripoli, Sept. 4, 1804, a. 19, by the explosion of a tireship. Another son, Alexander Scammel, was a capL in the navy. Wadsworth, Gen. William, b. Durham, Ct. ; d. Genesee, N.Y., Feb. 1833. Bro. of James. He was an early settler in Western N.y. ; served as brig.-gen.N.Y. militia in U.S. service, and disting. in assault on Queenstown Heights, Oct. 13, 1812.— Gardner. Wafer, Lionel, made voyages to the South Sea; in 1677 embarked for Bantam; sailed with Linen and Cook, buccaneers ; afterward surgeon of Dainpier's exped. across the Isth- mus of Darien, and left wounded with the Indians in consequence of a guarrel with Dampier; returned to London in 1690, and told his story in " A New Voyage, and Descrip- tion of the Isthmus of America," 8vo, 1699. For his Voyage to Magellanica in 1685, see Calleniler's Voyages, ii. 673. Wainwright, Jonathan Mathew, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1823),D.C.L. (Oxf. 18.^2), Pr.-Epis. bishop of N.Y., b. Liverpool, Eng., of Amer. parents, 24 Feb. 1793; d. N.Y. City 21 Sept. IS.M. H.U. 1812. His mother was a dan. of the celebrated Dr. Mayhew of Boston. Instr. in elocution in II.U. 1815-17 ; rector of Christ Church, Hartford, Ct. ; assist, rector of Trin. Church, N.Y., 1819-21 ; rector of Grace Church, N.Y. ; of Trinity Church, Boston, 24 Nov. 1833-Feb. 1838; and assist, rector of Trinity Church, N.Y., until his app. as prov. bishop 10 Nov. 1 852. He was many years see. of the h. of bishops. Before he was made a bishop, he travelled in Egypt and the Holy Land, and pub. his ob.servations in those countries in 2 vols. His most celebrated production was his printed controversy with Rev. Dr. Potts in 1843. He aided in the formation of the U. of N.Y. ; was one of the first pulpit-orators of his day ; was a ripe scholar, and wielded great social in- fluence. A devoted lover of music, he pub. in 1819 a vol. of chants ; in 1823 " Music of the Church," &c.; and in 1851 "The Choir anil Family Psalter." He also pub. " Our Saviour, with Prophets and Apostles," and " Sermons Uel igio " Women of th periodicals Education," &c., 1829; edited I Bible," and eontrib. many memorial vol. edited by his 856, contains 34 of his sermons, and a Memoir by Bishop Doane. His son Jona- than M., com. U.S.N., was killed, 1 Jan. 1863, upon " The Harriet Lane," in tlie attack on Galveston, Texas. Waite, Gen. Carlos A., b. N.Y. 1800; d. Plattsburg, N.Y., May 7, 1866. App. lieut. of inf. Jan. 28, 1820; capt. Julv, 1836; major 8th Inf. Feb. 16, 1847; com. his regt. in Val- ley of Mexico ; brev. lieut -col. for gallantry in battles of Contreras and Churubusco; brev. col. for El Molino del Rev, Aug. 1848, in which he was wounded ; lieut. -col. 5th Inf. Nov. 10, 1851 ; col. 1st Inf June 3, 1860. After con- tinuous service in the Rebellion, he was retired in Feb. 1864 ; brev. brig. -gen. 13 Mar. 1865. Waite, Henry Matson, LL.D. (Y.C. 1855), jurist, b. Lyme, Ct., Feb. 9, 1787; d. there Dec. 14, 1869. Y.C. 1809. Adm. to the bar in Dec. 1812, and practised in Lyme ; member of the State legisl. in 1815; of the senate in 1832-3; judge of the Superior Conrt and Sup. Court of Errors 1834-54, and chief justice from 1854 to Feb. 1857. — X E. Hist. Genenl. Rei/., Apr. 1870. Wakeiaeld, Mrs. A. C, n^" Nancv W. Priest; d. Winchendon, Ms., Sept. 20, 1870, a. 33. Author of the beautiful poem, " Over the River," first pub. in Aug. 1857. Wakeman, George, journalist, b. Green- field Hill, Ct., 4 Feb. 1841 ; d. N. York Citv, Mar. 19, 1870. Removed to New York in 1858, and wrote for the Ledr/cr. Several years connected with the New -York World, and a eontrib. to the Clalaxtj, Apple-ton's Journal, and other periodicals ; app. in 1868 stenographer to the N.Y. senate. ^ ^ Walbach, Gen. John De Earth, b. Alsace, on the Rhine, 1764; d. Baltimore, Md., June 10, 185". App. ensign of the Roval Alsace Regt. under Prince Maximilian (after- ward king of Bavaria), in the French service. Dee. 1, 1782; major, Nov. 1795. He came to Amer. in 1796; studied law in the office of Alexander Hamilton; was app. lieut. of U.S. cavalry, Jan. 8, 1799; capt. Jan. 1806; assist, adj.-gen. (rank of major) June, 1813; adj.- gen. (rank of col.) Aug. 6, 1813; brev. major for gallant conduct in battle of Chrvstler's Fields, Nov. 11, 1813; brev. lieut.-col. for meritorious services. May 1, 1815 ; major of art. Apr. 25, 1818 ; brev. col. May 1, 1825 ; brev. brig.-gen. Mav, 1850; lieut.-col. 1st Art. May 30, 1832 ; col.' 4th Art. Mar. 19, 1842. — Gardner. Walbridge, Gen. Hiram, a prominent citizen of New York, b. Ithaca, N.Y., Feb. 22, York, '2' adm. to the bar in 1843 ; and in 1844 was a brig.-gen. of Ohio militia ; in 1847 he became a merchant in New York; a zealous promoter of the commercial interests of the country, and of its internal improvement; a Demoe M.C 947 m 1853-5; and in 1869 acommiss. to examine and iTpoit on the Pacific Railroad. Early in 1861 he advocated the calling-out of 600,000 men to suppress the Rebelliun, and was ort'cred, and declined, a seat in Mr. Lini'.ihr.s calmiet. Vice-prcs. of the Nat. Cmiiiin i. i^il ( .,iiv. at Chicago, and subsequently pn .-,. ..mt Miuilar bodies in Detroit and Lciuisvillf. IK- uilvdcat- ed free banking, a reduction of taxation, and the development of the resources of the West. A fluent and able speaker, and a liberal and actor and dramatist, b. London, 1816 ; d. Phila. May 15, 1868. He studied his profes- sion in England, but entered on its practice in America in 184.3, and acquired popularity at the Old Olympic and at VVallack's. In 1866 he removed" to Fliila. In eccentric comedy he had no rival on the English or American staye. Ilis performance of Lavater, in the coiiiic drama of that name, was especially good. Among his numerous plays are " Hiawatha, or Ardent Spirits and Laughing - Water ; " " Washington ; " " Don Giovauiu in Goth- am ; " '■ David Copperfield ; " " Richard HL to kill;" "The Customs of the Country;" and " SnipSnaps." Charles M., Jun., his son, also a comedian, b. Boston, July 1, 1840. Educated at Si. John's Coll., Fordham, N.Y. ; grad. 1858. He made his dehnl in Charleston, S.C., in 1858, and soon assumed the role of leading light comedian, which he has per- formed in the leading theatres of the U. S. May 31, 1863, he m. Isabella, dau. of John Nickinson, the comedian. Waldo, Daniel, a Cong, clergyman, b. Windham, Ct., Sept. 10, 1762; d. Syracuse, N.Y., July 30, 1864, a. 102. Y.C. 1783. He was a soldier in the Revol. army; was taken prisoner at Horseneck, and was confined in the Sugar-House in New York, where he endured sufilrings and cruelties from which he barely escaped with his life. He was from May 24, 1792, till 1809, pastor of the Cong, church, West Suffolk, Ct. ; acting also as a missionary in Pa. and N.Y. In 1810-1811 he preached at Cambridgeport, Ms. ; after which he was a mis.sionary in Il.I. till 1820; then preached at Harvard ; was then for 12 years settled at Exe- ter, R.I. ; and afterward resided in N.Y. Mr. Waldo, at the age of 93, became chaplain to Congress. Waldo, Gex. Samuel, b. Boston, 1696; d. on the Penobscot, May 23, 1759. He was the son of Jonathan, a wealthy merchant of Boston, who d. in 1731; and was a brig.-gen. at the capture of Louisburg in 1745. He re- sided at Falmouth; was an accomplished, active, and enterprising man ; had crossed the ocean 15 times ; and was a disting. officer. There were remarkable coincidences between his life and that of his friend Sir Wm. Pepperell. They lived in Me., and were rich bachelors ; they were councillors together ; they com- manded regiments, and were together at Louis- burg; they passed a year together in England ; were born the same year ; and died nearly at the same time. Waldo, Samuel, portrait - painter, b. Windham, Ct., 1783; d. N.Y. City, Feb. 16, 1861. He studi.'d at Hartford ; wenl to Lon- don in 1806; was aided by West, Copley, and Fulton, and painted many likenesses at 5 guineas each. He landed in New York in Jau. 1809, and painted portraits there 53 years. Among them are those of Gen. Macomb, i\Iav- ors Willett, Radcliffe, and Allen, and Peter Remsen. — Tuckerman. Waldo, Samuel Putnam, author, grand- son of Cieu. Putnam; d. Hartford, Ci., March, 1826, a. 46. Author of Lives of Jackson, De- catur ; " Uolibins's Journal ; " " Tour of Presi- dent Monroe, with Sketch of his Life," 12mo, 1818; Biog. Sketches of Com. N. Biddle. J. Paul Jones, E. Preble, and A. Murray, 1823. Waldron (or correctly Walderne), Maj. Kiciiard, president of N.ll., b. Aleestei, Warwickshire, Eng. (bapt. 6 Jan. 1615) ; killed by the Indians, June 28, 1689. He came ovcii- in 1635, and was an early settler of Dover, N.H., whither he went in 1645 ; was a represen- tative 1654-76; was 7 years speaker of the house; was counsellor, chief justice, and pres. in 1681. He was the chief military officer of the Colony. In the war of 1676 he seized by stratagem several hundred Indians, 200 of whom were hung, or sold into slavery. This act called down upon him the vengeance of the Indians, who, 13 years later, made him prison- er, and mangled him terribly. His son Rich- ard (b. 1650, d. 30 Nov. 1730) removed to Portsmouth, was counsellor of N.II. 1681, representative at Boston 1691-2, chief justice C.C.P., judge of probate, and a colonel. Waldseemuller, Martin, a German compiler, b. Fribourg ah. 1470; d. after 1522. He pub. an "Introduction to Cosmography, with the Four Voyages of Americas Vespu- cius," 1507, in which he advocated the appli- cation of the name " America " to the New World. Wales, Samuel, D.D. (Y.C. 1782; N.J. 1784), minister of Milford 1770-82; prof, of divinity, Y. C, from June 12, 1782, till his death, Feb. 18, 1794, a. ah. 46. Y.C. 1767. Author of "Dangers of Our National Pros- peritv, Eleeiion Sermon," 1785, Hartford. Walke, Henry, rear-adm. U. S. N., b. Princess Anne Co., Va., Apr. 26, 1809. Mid- shipm. Feb. 1, 1827 ; liout. Dec. 9, 1839 ; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. July25, 1866; rear-adm. (ret. list) 1871. Pres- ent at capture of Tabasco, Vera Cruz, and Tuspan, during the Mexican war, 1847-8; com. " The Tyler " and " Lexington " at the battle of Belmont, Nov. 7, 1861 ; com. " The Carondelet" at Fort Henry, Feb. 6, 1862; Fort Donelson, Feb. 13-16, 1862; Island No. 10, Mar. 17, 1862; captured Confed. batteries opp. Point Pleasant, and spiked the guns, Apr. 6, 1862; battle of Fort Pillow, May 11, 1862; of Memphis, June 6, 1862; engagement be- tween " The Carondelet " and Confed. ram "Arkansas," Yazoo River, July 15, 1862 ; com. the lower division of Mpi. flotilla at Helena and Vicksburg, 1862 ; com. ironclad " Lafay- ette " in 1 863 ; passage of batteries at Vicksburg, Apr. 16, 1863 ; battle of Grand Gulf, Apr. 29, 1863; dispersed the forces of Dick Tiiylor at Simmsport, June 4, 1863; and in 1868 took 948 com. of naval station at Mound City, Illinois. — Walker, Amasa, LL.D. (Amh. Coll. 1807), wiiter on polit. econoinv, I). Woodstock, Ct., May 4, 17110. DcsccndedVrom Au-ustine, Ireemiin of Cliaiiestuwn. IG41 ; educated in the com. sclioiil of N. Bi-ooklield, at wliieli place he now (1871) rc-ides. In 18:25-40 he w.is a incichant in Boston, and was many years connected with the its. Antislavery Society; in 1S48 he was a Free-soil representaiive ; in 184'J State senator; was one of the earliest advocates of the establishment of the Western Kailroad ; has been a devoted temperance lead- er; and, besides cultivating a taste for litera- ture, has carefully studied for many years the science of political economv, of which he was in 1842-9 prof, at Oberliii Coll. He visited Kurope as a delegate to the first International Peace Convention in 1S4.3, and a-ain in 1849. Sec. of state lS.-,l-2; riKinlirr Const. Conv. 183.3; M.C. fioin AK. in 1m,j-3. Lectureron polit. ccononiv )ii Ai.ili, ('nil. since 1861. Au- thor of •' SciJn.c ol W.MJtli," 5ih cd., 1869; speeches, addresses, orations, &c. ; and cd., with W. B. Calhoun and C. L. Flint, " Trans." Agric. Soc. of Ms. 1847-53, 7 vols. 8vo. Walker, Col. Bk.njamin, Revol. officer, b. Eng. 1753; d. Utica, N.Y., 13 Jan. 1818. He was brought up a merchant; became a capt. in the 2d N.Y. Kegt. ; was aide-de-camp to Steuben, and in 1781-2 to Washington; after the war, was sec. to the gov. of N.Y. ; then became a broker in N.Y. City; naval offi- cer of N.Y. in Washington's administration; M.C. 1801-3. In 1797 he became agent for the Earl of Bute's great estates in Western N.Y. ; and was identilied with the growth and prog- Walker, Gen. Francis Amasa, statis- tician, second son of Amasa and Hannah Am- brose Walker, b. Boston, 2 July, 1840. Amh. Coll. 1860. In 1843 his father removed to N. Brooktield. Francis began to study law with Devens and Hoar of Worcester; but in 1861 was made serg.-maj. of Devens's (15ih Ms.) regt.; 14 Sept. 1861, assist, adj.-gen. Couch's brigade ; 11 Ang. 1862, adj.-gen. Couch's div.; and 23 Dec. 1863, became a col. on the staff of the 2d army corps ; brev. brig.-gen. 1 865. He served in the Army of the Potomac ; was wounded at Chancellorsville; made prisoner at Reams's Station ; was confined in Libby Pri-on, suffering so much in health as to be obliged to resign after being exchanged early in 1865. He subsequently taught for 2 years in the Williston Seni, ; was then for one year assist, ed. Spriiirjjield Republican; then took charge of the bureau of statistics at Wash- ington ; was superintendent of the census of 1870 ; and in Nov. 1871 was app. Indian commissioner. Walker, Henderson, gov. N.C. from 1699 to his d. April 14, 1704, a. 44. He was a lawyer, judge of the Supreme Court, and pres. of the council, and introduced impor- tant reforms in the judiciary. Walker, Sir Hoveden, kt., of Somcrs- ham, Kng., a British adm. ; d. broken-hearted in Dublin, Jan. 1726. He entered ihe navy young ; became a capt. in 1692 ; rear-adra. of thcwliitc in 1710; and for his gallantry was in 1711 kniulitcd by Queen Anne. He is con- iiccled with ourhistory by his ill-st;n red exped. wliirh in that year sailed lur Quelicc to wrest Canad.ilruni the French. The difficult navi- gatinn I'i iIm' Si. Lawrence, as well as a storm, wliii h H in kill li.ill his ships on Isle mix CEufs, coin|..lkil In, nliirn to England. Here 'he siilleied more reverses : his ship " The Edgar" (of 74 guns) blew up at Spiduad, and nearly all the crew perished, lilamnl li.r negligence ill this matter, and his ill lurtuiie at Quebec being yet recent, he was dismissed the service in 1715. He pub. in 1720 "A Journal or Full Account of the Late Exped. to Canada," &c. He had previously settled upon a plan- tation in South Caiolina. Walker, Ja-mes, D.D. (H.U. 1835), schol- ar and theologian, b. Burlington, Ms., Aug. 16, 1794. H.U. 1814. He was settled over the Unitarian society of Charlestowu, April 15, 1818-39 ; was Allord prof, of moral philos. at H.U. 1839-53; and pres. from Feb. 1853 to Feb. 1860. He has delivered before the Lowell Institute a course of lectures on natu- ral religion, also a course on the philosophy of religion, 1860. Besides eontribs. to the Christian Examiner, with which he was edito- rially conne the : Du-ald Stewart's " riiilosi.pliv ..t liie Ariive and .Mural Powers;" and in I sol a vul. of sermons preached in the chapel of llarv. Coll. while a prof, there, 12iiio: "Memoir of D. Appleton White," 1863; •'Memoir of Josiah Quiney," 1867. Walker, James Barr, D D.. clergyman and author, b. Phila. July 29, 1805. He worked ill a manuf at Pittsburg, and for 4 years in a printing-office. At the age of 20, he travelled on foot to New York ; became a clerk in the office of M. M. Noah; and was afterward principal of an academy at New Durham, N.J. Uetiirning to the West, he next studied law in Ravenna, 0., and from 1828 to 1831 studied in the Western Res. Coll., Hudson. He pub. and edited successively three religious newspapers at Hudson, Cincinnati, and Chicago, also en- gaging in the publication and sale of books. About 1839 he began to study theology; was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Chicago in 1841 ; and has since resided in Mansfield, O., where he has established a private asylum for orphans; has been for some time acting- pastor of a church in Sandusky, and is lecturer on " The Harmony between Science and Re- vealed Religion " at Oberlin College and Chi- cago Theol. Sem. Author of " Philosophy of the Plan of Salvation," pub. anonymously, 4 editions of which have been pub. in Eng., and which has been translated into several Euro- pean languages ; " God Revealed in Creation and in Ciiiist," 1858; " Philosophy of Scepti- cism ; " " Philosophy of the Divine Operation in Human Redemption," London, 1862; " Poems," London, 1862 ; " The Living Ques- tions of the Age," 1869; "Doctrine of the Holy Spirit," 1870; and poetical pieces in " Poets and Poetry of the West." — Appleton. Walker, Robert, judge of tlic Sup. Court of Ct. 1760-72; d. Stratford, Ct., 1772. Y.C -WAX, 949 WAZ, n.jO. A descendant of Robert of Boston, 1634, and of his son Zcchiiriah, minister of Stnitfonl and Woodbury in 1G7O-1700. Walker, Robert James, statesman and financier, b. Northumberland, Pa., 19 July, 18C1 ; d. Washin'iton, D. C, 11 Nov. 18G9. U. of Pa. 1819. Adm. to the Pittsburg bar in 1821. At 22 he was chairman of a Democ. com., and was instrumental in effecting Jack- son's first nomination to the presidency in 1824. In the spring of 1826 he settled in "Nat- chez, Mpi. U.S. senator 1837-45, and a leader of the Democ. party. He supported the leail- ing measures of Van Bureii, especially the divorce of the govt, from the banks ; exercised great influence over Pros. Tyler, whom he in- duced to veto the bank bill 'framed under the auspices of Mr. Clay; and counselled the vigor- ous steps which led to the incorporation of Texas into the Union. He was instrumental in defeating Mr. Van Buren's 3d nomination, and secured that of Mr. Polk ; a letter of Mr. Walker's on the Texas question largely influ- encing the election of the latter. Sec. U.S. treasury 1845-9; gov. of Kansas Terr. Apr. 1857-8 (a period of great difficulty), he re- signed, being " unwilling to aid in forcing slavery on Kansas by fraud and forgery." Dur- ing the Rebellion he materially aided the Union cause, being financial agent of the U. S. in Europe (May, 1863-Nov. 1864), effecting the sale of $250,000,000 of 5-20 bonds, and defeat- ing the second Confed. loan of 875,000,000. Influential in procuring the ratification of the Alaska Treaty, and an able and efficient advo- cate of the Pacific Railroad. His celebrated report in favor of free-trade was reprinted by order of the British house of commons. In connection with his law-partner, F. P. Stanton, he pub. a monthly mag. of merit, but with pecuniarv loss. Author of " Reports of Sup. Court of Mpi. 1818-32," 8vo, 1834; "Argu- ment on the Mpi. Slave-Question," 1841. Walker, SE.\ns Cook, mathematician and astronomer, b. Wilmington, Ms., Marth 2S, 1805; d. Cincinnati, Jan. 30, 1853. 11. U. 1825. He taught school near Boston and in Phila., whither he removed in 1S27. His parallactic tables, first prepared in 1 834, greatly reduced the time needed for computing the phases of an occnitatlon. In 1837 he prepared a plan for the organization of an observatory in connection with the Phila. High School, which was the first in America deserving the name, except the one at Hudson, Ohio. From its cqniinneiit in 1840 until 1852, he pub. in the " Proceedings" of the Philos. Soe. and the Am. Jour. o/Scifitce many observations imd in- vestigations made bv himself, or in conjunction with his half-liro. Prof. Kendall. In 1841 he pub. a valuable memoir on the periodical meteors of Aug. and Nov.; in 1845 ho was placed in the Washington Observatory, where, Feb. 2, 1847, 4 months after the discovery of the planet Neptune, he discovered that a star observed bv Lalaiide in May, 1795, must have been this illanet, — a fact subsequently demon- strated. Leaving the observatory soon alter, he took charge of the longitude cc)mi)Utaiions of the U.S. coast-survey, an oflSee in which he remained until his last illness. As early as 1849, the joint labors of Walker and Bache h.id successfully carried out the method of tele- graphic longitude determinations. The intro- duction of the chronographic method of re- cording observations belongs to Walker and Bache. He pub. Ephemeris of the planet Nep- tune for 1848-52, and Researches relative to thatplanet, 1850. Walker, Timothy, jurist, b. Rumford, June 26, 1737; d. May 5, 1S22. H.U. 1756. Son of Rev. Timothy, minister of Concord 1730-82. He studied divinity ; corn, a regt. of minute-men at the siege of Boston ; was one of the com. of safety 1776; was afterwards member of State Const. Conv. ; Sta represei C.C.P. iu N. H. 1777- and senator; judg chief justice Walker, Timothv, LL.D. (H.U. 1S54), jurist, 1). Wilmington, Ms., Dee. I, 1802; d. Cincinnati, 0., Jan. 15, 1856. H.U. 1826. Bro. of Sears Cook. He taught three years in the Round-hill School, Northampton; entered the Dane Law School in 1829; and in 1830 went to Cincinnati, v/here he was in 1831 adm. to the bar, andcornincnced practice. In 1833, in connection with Judge Wright, he estab- lished a -law school in Cincinnati, which in 1835 was united with the coll. there, he con- tinuing a prof, until 1844, and having for a time the exclusive charge of it ; in 1842 he was app. pres. judge of the Iliinulton C.C.P., and, after leaving that post, became editor of the Western Lmo .lour. Author of " Introduciion to American Law;" a treatise on geometry, used as a text-hook in the schools ; of a dis- course on the history of Ohio before the Ohio Hist. Soc, 1838 ; address at Miami U., 1332 ; "Dignity of the Law as a Profiission," 1837 ; orations on J. Q. Adams, 1848, and on Daniel Webster, 1852; also speeches, articles in the N. A. Review, &c. Walker, William, filibuster, b. Nash- ville, Tenn., May 8, 1824 ; executed at Trux- illo, Honduras, Sept. 12, 1860. He studied, but never practised, medicine ; afterward stud- ied law in Nashville ; and, removing to New Orleans, became an editor of the Crescent, news, paper. In 1850 he went to California, where he was one of the editors of tlr- San Francisco Herald, and afterward a lawyer at Marysville. In July, 1853, he organized an expcd. for the conquest of Sonora, on the failure of which ha surrendered liimself to the U.S. officers iu San Diego;- was tried at San Francisco, M.ay 15, 1854, for violating the neutrality laws, and ac- quitted. June II, 1855, with 62 followers, he landed at Realejo, Nicaragua, and after gain- ing two battles took possession of Granada, Oct. 15, and was app. generalissimo of the republic. Hostilities with Costa Rica having broken out, he was defeated near Guanacaste, Mar. 20, 1 856 ; and at Rivas, Apr. 1 1 , gained an advantage which put a temporary stop to the war. June 25, he caused himself to be elected pres. By his arbitrary acts a powerful insur- rection was excited; and May 1, 1857, alter several battles. Walker was obliged to surren- der himself to Com. C. II. Davis of the U.S. sloop-ol-war " St. Mary's," by whom he was taken to the U.S. Nov. 1 1, he again landed at 950 Punta Arenas Nicaragua; but, Dec. 8, wa ; cora- pt'Ued by Com. Paulding, U.S.N., to surrender, and was taken as a priioner to New York, lu June, 1860, Walker again left New Orleans, landing at Truxillo June 27. In a proclama- tion to the people of Honduras lie inlbrmed them that he was making war, not on them, but on their govt. He was captured Sept. 3, brought back to Truxillo, condemnvd by a court-martial, and shot. Author of " The War in Nicaragua," 12rao, Mobile, 18C0. Walker, Gen. William H. T., b. Ga. 1317; killed in the second battle at Decatur, Ga., July 22, 1864. West Point, 1837. Brcv. l5t lieut. lor gallantry in Florid.t, Dec. 25, 1 837 ; thrice wounded in battle of Okeechobee on that day; capt. 7 Nov. 1845 ; brcv. mnj. for Contrcras and Chunibusco, Aug. 20, 1347 ; wi:h storming-pavty, and brcv. lieut.-col. for g.allantry, at Molino del Key, Sept. 8, 1847, and severely wounded; com. of cadets, and instr. inf. tactics, at West Point, 1 854-6 ; major 10th Inf. Mar. 3, 1855 ; resigned 20 Dec. 1860, and made a maj -gen. Conicd. army. Noted for reckless courage and frequent wounds in battle. Walker, William Johxsox, M.D., phy- sician, b. Charlestown, Ms., Mar. 15, 1790; d. Newport, Apr. 2, 1865. II.U. 1810. Son of Maj. Timothy. He studied medicine, prac- tised in Charlestown, and as a skilful surgeon had no superior in the State. Late iu life he accumulated great wealth, of which he gave away §400,000, and at his death left a million and a quarter, of which he divided near a mil- lion among various institutions of learning. Walker, Capt. William M., U.S.N., b. 1813 ; d. N.Y. 19 Nov. 1866 ; grad. U. S. Na- val School; passed midshipm. June, 1833; took part in Wilkes's exploring cxpcd. 1838-41 ; was sent by the navy dopt. in 1851 to France and Eng. to collect information upon the applica- tion of steam to naval architecture and equip- ment ; and during the Rebellion com. _ the steamer "De Soto," of the Gulf block, squad- ron. He pub. "Notes on Screw Propulsion," 8vo, N.Y., 1861. Wall, Garret D., lawyer and politician, b. Monmouth Co., N. J., Mar. 10, 1783; d. Buriington, N.J., Nov. 22, 1850. Receiving an academical education, he studied law at Trenton ; was in 1804 licensed as an atty., and in 1807 as a counsellor at law; clerk of the Sup. Court 1812-17; quarterm.-gen. of the State 1815-37; member of the Assembly in 1827; U.S. dist.-atty. in 1829; elected gov. of the State, but declined the office, the same year; was U.S. senator 1835-41 ; judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals 1848-50. When an attack was expected from the British during the war of 1812, he com. a vol. com- pany from Trenton, which was stationed at Sandy Hook. His dau. m. the Hon. Peter D. Vroom. His son James W., a lawyer, and U.S. senator 1862-3 (b. Trenton, 1820; N.J. Coll. 1838), is author of "Foreign Etchings," 1855; "Essays on the Early Eng. Poets," &c. Wallace, David, politician, b. Phila. Apr. 4, 1799; d. Indianapolis, S:pt. 4, 1859. West Point (lieut. of art.), 1821; resigned June 1, 1822. His father's family removed in 1817 to Brookviile, Ind. The son studied law; ac- quired an extensive and lucrative practice in Franklin Co. ; was several times elected to the State legisl. ; member Const. Couv. ; licut.- gov. in 1834-7 ; gov. 1837-40; M.C. in 1841- 3; and judge Marion Co. C.C.P. 1856-9. Wallace, Hok.vce Binney, scholar, b. Phila. Feb. 26, 1817 ; killed himself at Paris, in consequence of a disease of the brain, Dec. 16,1852. N.J. Coll. 1835. He studied chem- istry, medicine, and finally law with his father John B., an eminent lawyer, and aftenvards with Charles Chaunccy. He edited, with notes. Smith's "Leading Cases in Law," White and Tudor's "Leading Cases in Equity," and " American Leading Cases." The truit of a European visit in 1. ''49-50 was "Art, Scenery, and Philosopliy in Eurupr," Phila. 1S55; also author of " Literary Criticisms, ami Other Pa- pers," 1S56; "Stanley, or tlie ReeoUccUons of a Man of the World," a novel, 12ino, 1S3J. He pub. many articles in periodicals, r.nd was much interested in philosophical s|x'Culation. Wallace, Sir James, a British admiral ; d. London, March 6, 1803. He became post- ctpt. Jan. 10, 1771 ; rear-adm. Apr. 12, 1794; vicc-adm. Jan. 1, 1795 ; adm. of the Blue, Jan. 1, 1801 ; and in 1793-5 was gov. of Newfound- land. He commanded the British fleet at New- port in 1775; in Oct. 1777 he ascended the Hudson on a marauding exped., and destroyed Kingston, plundering the towns he visited, and wantonly destroying private property. Cap- tured in " The Experiment ' (50 guns) by D'Estaing, Sept. 24, 1779; com. "The War- rior" in Rodney's victory over De Grasse, 12 Apr. 1732. Wallace, James, D.D., mathematician ; d. S.C.Jan. 15, 1851. Prof, of mathematics in S. C. Coll., previously iu Col. Coll., and Georgct. Coll., D.C. Autlior of a treatise on globes .ind on practical astronomy. Wallace, John Bradford, lawyer, b. Somerset Co., N. J., 17 Aug. 1773; d. Phila. 7 Jan. 1837. N.J. Coll. 1794. Adm. to Pa. bar 1797. Author of "Reports 3d Cire. U.S. Circ. Court," 1801, 8vo ; "Remarks on the Law of Bailment," 1840. Edited "Abbot on Shipping," ab. 1802. A Memoii' by his widow was pub. 1848. — AlUhonc. Wallace, John William, reporter U.S. Sup. Court since 21 Mar. 1864; son of J. B.; b. Phila. 17 Feb. 1815. U.ofPa. 1S33. Mas- ter in chancery. Pa. Sup. Court. Author of "The Rsporters," 8vo, 1843; "Cases in the 3d Circ. U. S. Circ. Court," 1842-53, 2 vols. 8vo; Address, 20 May, 18G3,on the 200th birth- day of William Bradford, printer; "Reports U. S. Sup. Court," 1864, ct scij. Edited British Crown Cases Reserved, 6 vols. 8vo; Smith's " Leading Cases," and" Am er. Leading Cases." Pres. Hist. Soc. of Va. — AUihom. Wallace, Gen. Lewis, b. Fountain Co., Ind., 1828. Son of Gov. David. Studied law, and began practice in Crawfordsvillc, but, dur- ing the Mexican war, was a lieut. 1st Ind. Vols. He aftenvard resumed his profession, and served one term in the State senate. When the civil war broke out, he was app. adj.-gcn. of Ind., and soon after col. of a regt. of Zouaves, with 951 ^1,,/i, whom he took part in the battle of Romney and other operations in Western Va. ; afterward col. 1 1 th Ind. Regt. ; brig.-gen. of vols. Sept. 3, 18G1 ; led a division at the capture of Fort Donelson, where he won the grade of maj.-gen., dating IVoni Mar. 21, 1862 ; and was conspicu- ous for gallantry at Shiloh; in June, 1864, he com. at Mouocacy, Md., where he was defeated 9 July by Gen. Early, and was superseded in the co'ni."by Gen. Ord. Wallace, Gen. William HakvetLamb, b. Urbana, U., July 8, 1821; d. Savannah, Tenn., April 10, 1862. He studied law at Springfield and Ottawa, III. ; served in the Me.xiean war as ])rivato, lieut., and adj., in Hardin's ngt. ; and in ly53 was elected state's atty. fur tlie 9th circuit ut 111. ; in May, 1S6I, he bicamecol.of the 1 nil 1 \ \\~-\ . ;>tthccap- ture of Fort DonclM'ii, '. ' :i con- spicuous ]Kirt, he cum i ' i i i i MiClcr- nand's divi.^ion ; was (Ali: ii _'i, I -'.Ji made brig. -gen. of vols. ; and was mortally wounded on the lirst day of the battle of Shiloh, where be cum. a division. He was the eldest of 5 bros., all of whom took part in the civil war. Wallace, V/illiam Ross, poet, b. Lex- ington, Ky., 1819.^ Son of a Presb. clergy- man. Was educated at the Bloomington and South-Ilanover Colleges, Ind., and after grad. studied law at Lexington. At the age of 22 he went to N.Y., where, with the exception of a brief visit to Europe, he has since resided, en- gaged in literary pursuits. In 1848 he pub. "Alban the Pirate; "and in 18.51 "Medita- tions in America, and Other Poems ; " " Loved and Lost," 1856; "Pleasures of the Beauti- ful." He has written many charming songs. His " Dirge of Napoleon," written before he was 17, gave him an enviable reputation. " The Battle of Tippecanoe, and Other Poems," was pub. in Cincinnati in 1S37 ; " The Liberty Bell," a poem, 1862. He is a frequent con- trib. to itaijKr's and the Knickerbocker Mags., Journal of Commerce, and the Ledger. — Poets ami Pofirg of the West. Wallaek, J.^JIES William, actor, b. Lon- don, Aug. 24, 1795; d. N. Y. City, Dec. 25, 1864. His father Wm. was adisting. comedian and vocalist; and his mother, Elizabeth Field, played leading female characters with Garrick- for several years. He made his first appear- ance in London at the age of 7 ; and Sheridan engaged him for Drury Lane. At 22 he re- placed Booth in playing lago to Kean's Square; retired from the stage in 1862. His reputation was highest in dramas of a roman- tic and picturesque order; and he was unri- valled as RoUa in "Pizarro." His "Life" was pub. N.Y. 8vo, 18G5, by T. H. MoreU. His son John Lester, b. N.Y. 1819 (a popu- lar light comedian and eccentric actor, man- ager of Wallack's Theatre since his father's death in 1864), has written "First Impres- sions," 1856; "Romance of a Poor Young Man," adapted from Octave Feuille " Veteran." James James W., Sen., ha; England, and Austin cess. His most rein in "Werner" and " Walley, John. Sup. Court of Ms., Hoston, Jan. I" W., Jun., and the jphew of s country, n . jii^l^e of the •n.-.table,"lG44; d. of Rev. Thomas. Othello. He first appeared in America at the Park Theatre, N.Y., Sept. 7, 1818, Mac- beth ; after two years of remarkable success, he returned in 1820 to London; after two more visits to the U.S., he became stage-mana- ger of Drury Lane under EUiston, performing also the leatling characters ; in 1 836 he opened the National Theatre, N.Y., burned down in 1839; aud during the next ten years he played star engagements here and in Great Britain ; in 1851 he established Wallack's Theatre on Broadway, New York, where he long enjoyed uninterrupted success, the establishment be- ing disting. by a uniform artistic excellence in its stock company, and a careful regard to the proprieties of scenery and costume. In 1861 he built a new theatre near Union Com. the first exped. against the French and Indians in Canada, Feb. 12, 1689 ; and under Gov. Phipps in 1690, when he com. a regt , doing good service in repulsing a body of 300 French troops on the banks of the St. Charles. He was one of the principal founders of the town and church of Bristol ; a member of the council, 1687 ; capt. of the A. and Hon. Art. Co. His journal of the exped. to Canada is giv- en in Hutchinson's " Hist, of Massachusetts." Wain, Robert, poet, b. Phila. 1794; d. Providence, July 4, 1825. He was liberally educated. Pub. in 1819 " The Hermit in Amer- ica on a Vi.sit to Phila. ; " in 1820 "American Bards, a Satire ; " and " Sisvphi Opus, or Touches at the Times;" and 'in 1821 "The Hermit in Phila." On his return from a voy- age to China as supercargo, he pub. a history of that country in quarto numbers. He also edited Sanderson's "Lives of the Signers" after the third vol., and pub. in 1824 a " Life of Lafayette ; " Account of the Insane Asylum near Frankford, Pa. He also contrib. to the periodicals of the day. His fiither Robert, a prominent merchant of Phila., and M.C. 1798- 1801, d. Jan. 24, 1836, a. 71. Author of an " Answer to the Boston Anti-Protective Re- port of Henrv Lee," and of " Seven Letters to Elias Hicks." Walsh, Michael, instructor, b. Ireland, 1763; d. Amesbury, 20 Aug. 1840. He came to America in early life ; was an usher in the Marblehead Acad. ; received the hon. degree of A.M. from H.U. in 1803. He pub. "Mer- cantile Arithmetic," 1801; "New System of Bookkeeping," 1826. Judge Joseph Story was one of his pupils. Walsh, Michael, a Democ. politician of N.Y., b. Youghal, Ireland, 1810; d. N.Y. City, March 16, 1859. A lithographer by trade. Member of the Assembly in 1839; in 1840 he pub. and edited a paper called the Knickerlmcker, the existence of which after a few years was terminated by the conviction and imprisonment of the editor for libel. He next edited a paper called the .Subterranean, an abusive and scurrilous print, which lived two or three years. M.C. 1853-5; and afterward visited Eng. and Mexico as an agent of the govt. He possessed great natural talents. Author of speeches, poems, and other writings, N.Y. 8vo, 1843. 952 Walsh, Robert, LL.D. (Il.U. 1819), au- thor, b. Baltimore, 1784; d. I'aris, Fob. 7, 1859. His father, an Irishman, was a mer- chant of Baltimore. He was educated at the K.C. Coll. at Baltimore, and the Jesuit Coll. nt Georgetown. Returning from a visit to Europe in 1808, he studied law under R. G. Harper; m. and began practice, but, owing in part to deafness, abandoned law for literature. In 1811 he commenced the pub. of the first quarterly in America, Tlie American Hcview nf Histoiy ami Politics, continued 2 years ; in 1813 he pub. his " Correspondence with R. G. Har- per respecting Russia," and " Essay on the i'uture State of Europe." He also furnished several, biog. prefaces to an edition of the Enff- lish poets, then Iirino- pnh in l'lii!:i In 1 si 7- 18 he edited th.- I ■ /.' ■' ■ ]■' i- :- biographyofEi.il 1 1, i i , I : ; l;. tory," 1818 ; " A;i .'.pj. ,.1 :,> .l.;-:,.:.! u ^f Great, Britain ivsjacuii,;; i1r L..s,,' IlIj, — ^an able vindication of America from the asper- , sions and slanders of the Edinburgh and Quar- terli] Revieu-s. In 1820 he established the AV lional Gazette, with which he was connected till 1836. He also edited the American Mag. of Foreign Literature, but resuscitated his ,■ American Review in March, 1827, continuing it with great ability 10 years ; in 1836 he pub. 2 vols, of "Didactics." About this time he went to Europe, where he spent the residue ' of his life; and was in 1845-51 U.S. consul at Paris, corresp. with the Nat. Intelligencer and the Journal of Commerce. For the " Enci/clo- pmdia Americana," edited by Dr. F. Lieber, he furnished the articles ( " "' education ; studied architecture and mathemat- ics ; designed in 1831 thePhila. County Prison ; Girard College, perhaps the finest specimen of classic architecture on the continent, in 1 833 ; the U. S. Capitol Extension, wliich occupied him 14 years (1851-65); the new Treasuiy Building; and the Govt. Hospital for the In- sane. Many years prof, of architecture in the Franklin lu'st. Phila. Member of the Amcr. Philos. Soc, and of many other literary and scientific bodies, and one of the founders of the Amer. Institute of Architects. — Thomas. Walter, Whium r.ic kkr, poet, b. Bos- ton, Apr. 19. IT'i^, : I ' iiii.-tun, S.C., Apr. 23, 1822. i;.i,, I :~, Grandson of Rev. Wm , ini,l ! ■ -at Cambridge, l.ut.li.l not ,„, , II ; ; HI 1821 avol. of 1 , ,,i!i -;,!,, I I r , I' ■ iilvc and doscrip- , I , , : ) ! -iJ ■ :lir idcaof which ;, ;, : ,, ;.i . lie then recently- i,ui,:..hc.r'i.,:.:,., -/.M,, ,:i,ut Walton, GiioKGE, signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Frederick Co., Va., 1740 ; d. Augus- ta, Ga., Feb. 2, 1804. Son of William, and was early apprenticed to a carpenter, whose economy would not allow him a candle to read at night. In his zeal for knowledge, he found a substitute in pine-knots. Adm. to the Ga. bar in 1774 ; was one of the four persons who called a public meeting at Savannah to concert for the defence of the country, July 27, 1774; was one of the com. who ju'cpared le king, and drew up the patri- adopted on that occasion ; was Airier. Biog. Member of the Philos. Society, and of the Roy. Span- ish Acad, of History. Walter, Lynde Minshall, founder and first editor of the Boston Transcriiit 1830-42, b. 6 June, 1799; d. 24 July, 1842. H.U. 1817. 4J- S'/^'! /Grandson of Rev. William, rector of Trin. ^. Church, Boston, 17G4-76, b. 7 Oct, 1737; d. y , (rector of Christ Ch., Boston) 5 Dee. 1800. ^c.//6^'"'ll.V. 175G. Great-grandson of Rev. Nathaniel. — /— 7' Walter, Nehemiah, minister of Roxbury, /%f i ■ Ms., from 17 Oct. 1688 to his d. Sept. 17,1750, b. Ireland, Dec. 16C3, H.U. 1GS4. Hisfather broughtliiinto Alii, Ml It 11 i ,ii!, iiOG79. After living a while ill N i^ ' ! i rame the col- league of the Apii 1 : II I'lib. an essay on Indwelling ^-iii, iTnT.nn,! ■ v, ml sermons. A vol. of sermons on Isaiah, with Memoir of Walter's Life, was pub. 8vo. 1755. — Sprague. Walter, Thojias, minister of Roxbury, b. Dee. 7, 169G ; d. Jan. 10, 1725. H.U. 1713. Ordained colleague with his father. Rev. Nehemiah, Oct. 29, 1718, and was a disting. scholar, a popular preacher, and a keen dispu- tant. Excelling in the knowledge of music, he pub. " Grounds and Rules of Music Explained," nn elementary work on vocal music, 1721, long in use in N.E. ; essay on " Infallibility," 1724 ; and some sennons. Walter, Thomas, botanist, b. Eng. ; d. ab. 1800. He was liberally educated. Settled as a planter near Charleston, S.C, and in 1788 pub. " Flora Cnroliuiana." Walter, Thojias Ustick, LL.D. (H.U. 1857), architect, b. Phila. 4 Sept. 1804. Ph. 1). of U. of Lewisb. 1853. He had a good petil active in promoting the Revol. at home ; and from Feb. 1776 to Oct. 1781 was a delegate to Congress. A col. of militia, he assisted in the defence of Savannah in Dec. 1778; was danger- ously wounded in the thigh, and was a prisoner till Sept. 1779. He was chosen gov. the next month, and again in 1789; app. chief justice of the State in 1783 ; in 1787 was a delegate to the conv. for framing the Federal Constitution, but declined taking his seat ; in 1793 was again a judge of the Supreme Court ; and was in 1795-6 U. S. senator. Walworth, Reuees Htde, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1835), jurist, b. Bozrah, Ct., Oct. 26, 1789 ; d. Saratoga, Nov. 21, 1867. He passed his earlier years on a fann in Hoosick, N.Y., to which his father removed in 1793, acquiring a scanty education by industrious application ; and at the age of 16 taught school. At the age of 1 7 he began the study of law at Troy, N.Y., where in 1809 he was adm. to the bar, and settled at Plattsburg, attaining a high reputation. He was master in chancery ; wa i adj.-gen. of N.Y. militia during the war of 1812, participating in the operations at Platts- burg in Sept. 1814 ; M.C. in 1821-3 ; app. a circuit judge in 1823; and in April, 1828-48, was chancellor of the State. Chancellor Wal- worth's adjudications in his own court arc col- lected in the 14 vols, of Paige and Barbour, while the opinions which he pronounced in the Court of Errors are to be found in the 38 vols, of Wendell, Hill, and Denio. Justice Story pronounced him "the greatest equity jurist living." He was an early friend of the tem- perance cause ; a vice-pres. of the Bible Society and of the Tract Society ; and a man of much -w-AJsr 953 •WAJR benevolence. Author of " Kules and Orders N. Y. Ct. of Chancery," 8vo, 1829 ; " Hyde Genealogy," 2 vols. 8vo, 18G4. Wangenheim, Fkedkric Adam Jules DE, liotaiiist, b. in the duehy of Saxc-Gotha, 174"; d.GHnil)inncn, Eastern Prussia, Mar. 2.i, 1800. During the American war he served in the British army as capt. of Hessian chasseurs 1778-83, and on his return he was sent to Gum- binnen to organize the dept. of rivers and forests in Eastern Prussia. While in N. Amer. he had studied the botany of its forests ; and he succeeded in transplanting into Germany tlie diSerent kinds of trees and shrubs piodiiecdin this part of the new world. He pub. " Descrip- tion de quelques Especes d'Arbres qui croisseiit dans t'Ame'rique Sr-pt.," Su:., Gottingen, l"81,in 8vo; " Supplement a la Science Forest iere en Allemitfjne applique'e a la Transplantation des Especes d'Arbres que produit I'Am^riqne Sept.," Gottin- gen, 1787, in folio; " Description de Differentes JCspeces de Dois qui croissent dans I'Aui^rique Sept.," 17SS; and some pieces in the Memoirs of the Natural-History Society of Berlin. Wansey, Henry, autlior of " A Tour in the U.S. in 1794," and other works; d. War- minster, En-., July 19, 1827, a. 75. He was a Wiltshire clothier. Wanton, Joseph, gov. of R.I. 1769-75, b. Newport, U.I. ; d. tliere July 19, 1780, a. 75. Son of William, gov. R.I. 1732-4, who d. Newport, M.iy 9, 1737, a. 57. He acquired wealth as a merchant. Having in 1773 ac- cepted an app. to inquire into the affair of the " Gaspe," he was looked upon by the Seople witli distrust, and regarded as a loyalist. OHX, gov. R I. 1734-41, was several years previously assist, and lieut.-gov., d. July 11, 1741, a. 68. GiDEOx, gov. K.I. 1745-47, pre- viously treasurer, d. Newport, Sept. 12, 1767, a. 74. Warburton, Maj. George, some time a resident of Canada, subsequently M.P. for Harwich; d. by his own hand, 1857. Bro. of Eliot the author. Maj. W. has pub. " Hoche- laga, or England in the New World," 1846; " The Conquest of Canada," 2 vols. 8vo, 1849, &c. — Allibone. Ward, Aaron, lawyer and politician, b. Sing Sing, N.Y.. 5 Julv, 1790 ; d. Georgetown, D.C., 27 Eel). 1867. Educated at Mt. Pleasant Acad., and adm. to the Westchester-Co. bar. He served in the war of 1812-15, and was a capt. U.S.A. ; afterward maj.-gen. of militia; dist.-atty. of Westchester Co.; M.C. 1825-9, 1831-7, and 1841-3. Author of "Around the Pyramids," &c., 12mo, 1863. Ward, Andrew Henshaw, author, b. Shrewsbury, Ms., May 26, 1784; d. Newton- villc, Ms., Fcb.18,1864. H.U.I808. Adm. to the Northampton bar in 1811, and practised in bis native town ; was many years a customs- officer at Boston ; member of the Const. Conv. of 1853 ; member of the N.E. Hist. Geneal. Society, contributing to its quarterly Reijisler. Author of a "History of Slirewsbur.y,""l847, and Genealogies of the Ward and Rice fami- lies. Ward, Artemas, first maj.-gen. Revol. armv, b. Shrewsbury, Nov. 27, 1727; d. there Oct. 27, 18U0.' H.U. 1748. At the age of 25 he was a justice of the peace; in 1755 a major in Col. Abr. Williams's regt. ; and in 17.58 was major in the regt. com. by William Williams. He aecomp. the c.xpcd. under Gen. Abercrombie, from which he re- turned with the rank of lieut.-col. Succeeding to the com. of the 3d Regt , he also represented his native town in the legisl., where he took an active part in the contriuc-r-ir'< tlint preceded the Revolution betw(.i;i th- 11 !i i ^^.vs. and the h. of representain , m ^: 1774, ho was app. by theProM;: li ( mi^i , n, which he was a delegate, a g^iici.il uUKci , and on the 19th of May following, cum.-iu-ohief, in which capacity he acted, com. the army which began the siege of Bo.ston, until the arrival of Wash- ington in July, when he was assigned to com. the right wing of the army stationed in Ro.x- bury. Congress chose him first maj.-gen. June 17, 1775; but he resi'.;ned in April, 1776, from ill-health, tlioivji..nMii..v.<,,„pst of Washington, he contintiril ■ ! ■ >, ■ • ! the close of the year. Chin j , ' ' i 1'. for Worcester Co. in 177G ; ;ii 1 , r: ;, n.i, elected to the e.\. council, and, U il.ctuiiiicii, |.i cs. of that board ; and in 1779 was a]i|). a delegate to Congress, but was prevented liy ill-health from taking a seat in that body. He was 16 years a represen- tative in the legisl., and in 1785 speaker of the house. M.C. in 1791-5. He was a man of incorruptible integrity, and of fi.xed and un- yielding principles. His son Abtemas, LL.D. (II.U. 1842-5), M.C. 1813-17, chief justice C.C.P. 1820-39, and an eminent lawyer, b. 9 Jan. 1762, d. Boston 7 Oct. 1847; H.U. I7S3. He practised law in Boston after 1809, and was frequently a member of the legisl. and of the council. Ward, Frederick Townshend, admiral- gen, in the service of the emperor of China, b. Salem, Ms., Nov. 1831 ; killed Oct. 7, 1862, during an engagement near Ningpo between the rebel Taepings and the European allied array. He was educated at the Salem High School, and was a lieut. in the French service during the Crimean war ; had seen service in Mexico, and under the filibuster Walker. Ho trained the Chinese into good soldiers, and at their head won many victories. Ward, Henrt, see. of R.I. from 1760 to his d. Dec. 1797 ; was, with his bro. Samuel a principal advocate and supporter of the Revol. in that State. He was a member of the Con- gress which met in N.Y. 1765, and a member of the com. of corresp. during the Revol. The office of sec. was held by the father and two of his sons for 70 years. Ward, James Hakman, commander U.S.N., son of Col. James of Hartlbrd, Ct., b. there 1806; killed in an attack on Matthias Point, Va., June 27, 1S61. Educated at the Norwich Milit. Acad., and at Trin. Coll., Hart- ford. March 4, 1823, app. midshipni.; lieut. Mar. 3, 1831 ; and com. Sept. 9, l;!5S. While serving on the coast of Africa, he compiled his "Manual of Naval Tactics," pub. in 1858. In 1842-3 he delivered in Phila. a popular course of lectures on Gunnery. He urged the estab- lishment of a naval school ; was app. a prof, of that organized, and lectured on " Naval Ord- nance and Gunnery," subsequently pub. He ■V7A.TI next pub. " Steam for the Million." lie was app. to command the Potomac flotilla, May 16, 1861. June 1 he attacked and silonctd the bat- teries at Aquia Creek ; June 26 he attacked a battery at Matthias Point, but was struck by a Minic-ball, and almost instantly killed. Ward, JA-Miis Warner, b. Newark, N.J:, 1318. Pub. in 1838" Yoriek and Other Poems." He received a Franklin Medal at the Boston High School. Moved to the West, where lie became a contrib. to periodicals, and in 185.5 was associated with J. A. Warder in the West- ern ffoiiic. Rev. Author of " Memoir of Mrs. H. L. Ward," 12mo, 1843; of some fine pieces of sacred music, and of many popular minor ]iocras. One of the best parodies on "Hiawa- tlia" was from his pen. His" Mosquito Son;:^" was lii-hly commended. In 1859 Mr. Ward setiledin N. Y. City. Ward, J. Q. A., sculptor, b. Urbana, 0., ab. 1832. Passed his early life on a farm ; was a pupil of H. K. Brown in 1850-6 ; spent two years in Washington, modelling busts ; and, after visiting Ga. and Ohio, took a studio in N. Y^ork in 1861, and In 1863 became an acade- mician. Besides a large number of busts, he has executed medallions, studies for bass-reliefs, statues, and groups. Among his works arc the "Frecdman," "Indian Hunter," a monument to commemorate the discovery of sulphuric ether as an anaisthetie, a bronze statue of Com. M. C. Pen-y, and a statue of Shakspeare for the N. Y. Central Fark. — Tuckennan. Ward, Nathaniel, clergyman and author, b. Haverhill, SulFolk, Eng., ab. 1578; d. Shen- field, Essex, Eng., ab. 1652. Cambridge U. 1603. His father John, the "painful minis- ter " of Haverhill, had three sons, Samuel, Na- thaniel, and John, in the church, of whom, ac- cording to Dr. Fuller in his " Worthies," peo- ple used to say that all of them put together would not make up his abilities. Nathaniel was bred a lawyer ; travelled on the Continent with some merchants in Prussia and Denmark; de- voted himself to divinity ; and on his return be- came rector of Stondon Marey, Essex. He was connected with the Ms. Company in 1630; was brought before Bishop Laud for nonconformity in 1631 ; was silenced in 1633 ; and arrived in N.E. in 1634. Ho immediately became pastor of the church at Agawam, or Ipswich, Rev. Thomas Parker being teacher. The latter hav- ing removed to Newbury, John Norton became in 1636 the colleague of Ward, who resigned in Feb. 1637 from impaired health. He was tlie author of the "Body of Liberties," adopted in Dec. 1641, — the first code of laws established in N. Eng. He preached the 5Is. Election Ser- mon, June 2, 1641. In 1645 he was chosen by the General Court a member of a committee for the county of Essex to dr.aw up laws to be submitted to the next legislature. Ward returai'd to England at the close of 1646. His " Simple Cobler of Agg.awam," a quaint politi- co-religious tract, satirizing the affairs and man- ners of the Colony and the fashionable ladies of the day, but levelled mainly at the condition of England, was pub. at London, Jan. 30, 1647. In 1648 he became th> minister at Shcnfield, where he died. He was a ccMiratcd wit, and was something; of a poet, having written in 1648 my. s, of a humorous satirical address to the London tradesmen turned preachers, entitled " Mereu- rius Anti-Mechanieus, or the Simple Cobler's Boy," &c. His " Simple Cobler " was re- printed at Boston in 1713 and 1843, and at Washington in 1844. Besides several tr.tcts attributed to him, he pub. "A Sermon before the House of Commons, June 30, 1647 ; " "A Keligious Ketreat sounded to a Eeligious Ar- " 1647; "The Humble Petitions, Serious , and Dutiful Expos some Freeholders of the Easterne Assi the High and Hon. Parliament of Eng.," 1648 ; and " DiseoUiminum," a reply to "Bounds and Bonds," 1650. His son JOH.f (b. Haverhill, Eng., 5 Nov. 1605, d. Haverhill, Ms., 27 Dec. 1693, Camb.U. 1630) was minister of llavcrliiil, Ms., from 1645 to his death, 27 Dec. 1693.— See Memoir bi/ John Ward Dean, 8vo, 1868. Ward, SiAMCEL, statesman, b. Newport, E.L, May 27, 1725; d. Phiia. March 26, 1776. His ancestors, one of whom was an ofBcer in Cromwell's armv, were among the first settlers of K.I. Richard his father, gov. of E.I. in 1741 and '42, was sec. in 1714-33. Samuel was brought up a farmer, and man of business for his father, acquired a competency, and set- t;o:l in Westerly. Member of the Gen. Assem- bly 1756-9, chief justice 1761, and gov. in 1762 and 1765-7. He was one of the originators of E.I. Coll., now kno\vn as Brown U. lie was an active patriot; chairman of the Westerly com. of eonesp. With Stephen Hopkins, he was app. a delegate to the First Congress in Phila. in Sept. 1774 ; and was also a member of that body in 1 775, in which he usually presided when in com. of the whole, and was a member of im- portant committees. — Sre Life, hy Gammell, in Sparhs's Amer. Bioi/., vol. 19. His son Col. Samuel, a brave lievol. oUleer, b. 17 Nov. 1756, d. N.Y. City, 16 Aug. 1832. Brown U. 1771. He participated in Arnold's cxpcd. to Quebec, in the defence of Red Bank, and in the engagements in E.I., and at Springfield, N. .1. Afterward a merchant in New York. Ward, Thomas, M.D. (Rutg. Coll.), poet, b. Newark, N. J., June 8, 1807. Sou of Gen. Thomas Ward. He pub. in 1842 "Passaic," a group of poems touching that river. A con- trib. to the Knickerbod-er and N. Y. Amcriean. Warden, David Bailie, M.D (N.Y. Med. Coll.), b. Ireland, 1778 ; d. while Ameri- can consul at Paris, Oct. 9, l.'^45. He was clas- sically educated, and was disting. for his scien- tific attainments and varied learning. He was app. sec. of legation to Gen. Armstrong, min- ister to France, and was subsequently app. con- sul at Paris, in wliich station be continued 40 years; and a member of the French Acid He pub. an " Account of the U.S.," 3 vols. 8vo, 1819; the same in French, at Paris; "On Consular Establishments," 1813; " Bibliothcea Americana," 1831 ; "Bib. America Septenr.," Paris, 1820; "Description of the Dist. of Co- lumbia," 8vo, 1816; "Hist, of the Silk Bill," of the Negroes," 1810; "Origin, Influence, &e.,of Consubar Establishments," Paris, 1813. Warder, John a., M.D., ])rof. of ehem. in Ohio Med. Coll., b. Phila. 1813; removed to 955 -W^AR Ohio 1830. Author of "Hedge Manual," 1858; "American Pomology," 1867. Edit. Botan. Mag. and Hortic. Rev. Contributor to scientific periodicals. — Allihonc. Ware, Ashur, LL.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1837), judge, b. Sherburne, Ms., Feb. 10, 1782. H.U. 1804; was tutor there 1807-11 ; prof, of Greek 1811-15. Attorney at law in Boston in 1816, and editor of the Boston Yankee. He removed to Portland in 1817, and from 1822 to 1866 was judge of the U.S. Dist. Court of Mc. He was first sec. of state for Mc. in 1820. In 1839 he pnb. " Reports of Cases U.S. District Court of Mo. 1822-39." Ho delivered an oration, July 4, 1816, before the Washington Society; an- other, July 4, 1817, in Portland. He contrib. to Bouvier's "Law Dictionary" articles on Admiralty Jurisdiction, on the Duty of Mas- ters of Vessels, and Privileged Debts. Ware, Catharine Augusta, poet, b. Quincy, Ms., 1797; d. Paris 1843. Dan. of Dr. Rhodes, and in 1819 m. Charles A. Ware of the navy. Author of a vol. entitled " Power of the Passions, and Other Poems," London, 1842. She wrote occasional poems for the pa- pers ; edited the Boiuer of Taste in Boston ; and went to Europe in 1839. She was a rela- tive of Robert Treat Paine, and at 15 wrote some verses on his death. — Diychinck. Ware, Henry, D.I). (H.U. 1806), Hollis professor of divinity in H.U. (1805-45), b. Sherburne, Ms., Apr. 1, 1764; d. Cambridge, July 12, 1845. H.U. 1785. His father being a farmer of small means, his opportunities lor education were limited. As his health was feeble, his iwo.eldest brother.'! (his father having died when he was 15 years old) assisted him to procure a collegiate education. Oct. 24, 1787, he wasord.over the First Church in Hing- hara, wliere he continued till chosen prof, in 1805. The situation was one of great respon- sibility, on account of the controversies re- specting it, which resulted in the separation of the Cong. Clmrch of N.E. into the two sects called Unitarian and Orthodox. Among the writers on one side were Drs. Morse, Worcester, and Woods, and on the other Dr. Wm. E. ('banning, Prof. Andrews Norton, and Prof. Ware liiiuself, who about 1820 pub. his "Let- ters addressed to Trinitarians and Calvinists," in answer to tlie Letters of the Rev. Dr. Woods. The hitter replied ; and the discussion was con- tinued by Dr. Ware in two other publications. In 1842 'he pub. also one course of his aca- demical lectures on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Ethics of Christianity, 2 vols. He was a man of pure tastes and simple manners, with a refined :ind highly-cultivated intellect, and a generous and affectionate heart. Ware, Henry, Jun., D.D., clergyman, son of the preceding, b. Hingham, Ms., Apr. 21, 1794; d. Fraraingham, Ms., Sept. 22, 1843. H.U. 1812. He sjjent two years as assist, in- structor at Phillips (Exeter) Acad.; and was ord. pastor of the Second Unitarian Church in Boston, Jan. 1, 1817. He became the editor (it tlie CInislian Discijilc, an organ of the Uni- tarian denomination, which afterward became the C'ltristian Examiner; and took an active part in all the public associations of his de- uominatiou. In 1829-42 he was prof, of pul- pit eloquence, and the pastoral care at H.U. ; and in the summer of 1830 he visited different parts of Europe. In 1824 he delivered a poem, entitled " A Vision of Liberty," before the Phi Beta Kappa of Cambridge. Author of " Poem on the Celeb, of Peace," 1815 ; " Hints on Extenip. Preaching," 1824 ; " Recollections of Jotham Anderson ; " on the " Formation of Christian Character," 1831 ; " Feast of the Tabernacle," a poem, 1837; " Life of the Sa- viour," 1832; "Memoir of Rev. Dr. Parker," 1834 ; a " Selection from the Writings of Dr. Priestley," 1835. A selection of his writings was pub. by Rev. Chandler Robbins, 4 vols. 1846; a Memoir by his bro. John Ware, M.D., appeared in 1846, 2 vols. His wife, Maky L. \Vare, a woman of great elevation of mind and active benevolence, d. April, 1849. Ware, John, M.D. (H.U. 1816), bro. of the preceding, physician and author, b. Hing- ham, Ms., Dec. 19, 1795; d. Boston, Apr. 29, 1864. H.U. 1813. He began to practise in Du.xbury, Ms., and in 1817 removed to Boston. From 1832 to 1858 he was prof of the theory and practice of medicine in the medical dept. of H.U. ; several years pres. of the Ms. Med. Soc, and also a member of the Am. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. He pub. medical lectures and discourses; essays on " Croup," on " De- lirium Tremens," and on " Hemoptysis ; " a vol. on the " Philosophy of Natural History ; " a " Memoir of H. Ware, Jun.," 1846 ; " Hints to Young Men," 18.50; " Success in the Medi- cal Profession," &c., 1851. His wife, Mabt Greene, dan. of Mr. Chandler, b. Petersham, 1818, is author of " Elements of Character," 1854; "Thoughts in My Garden," 1862; "Death and Life," 1864. Ware, William, clergvinan and author, b. Hingham, Ms., Aug. 3, 17'97 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., Feb. 19, 1852. H.U. 1816; Caml). Tlieol. School, 1819. Son of Rev. Henry. He com- menced preaching at Northborough ; was set- tled successively in Bi'ooklyn, Ct., and Bur- lington, Vt. ; and from Dec. IS, 1821, to Oct. 19, 1836, was minister of the First Cong. Church inN.Y. ; from June, 1837, to Apr. 1838, he was settled over the 2d Cong. Church in Wal- tham, Ms.; and in Dec. 1843 was settled at West Cambridge, but ill-health soon obliged him to give up preaching. He contrib. to the Kiiickei-boclcer ilag. " Letters from Palmyra," pub. in 2 vols, in 1837, better known under the present title of " Zenobia." A sequel to this work, now known as " Aurelian," appeared in 1838 with the title of " Probus." Remov- ing to Cambridge in 1839, he for several years edited the Christian Examiner. "Julian" was pub. in 2 vols, in 1841 ; "American Unitarian Biography," 2 vols. 8vo, 1850; Memoir of Nath. Bacon, in Sparks's " Amer. Biog.,"vol. 13. In 1848 he travelled one year in Europe; pnb. after his return " Sketches of European Capitals," 1851 ; " Lectures on the Works and Genius of Washington Allston," 12mo, 1852; and was a frequent contributor to the Chris- tian Examiner and other Unitarian periodi- cals. Warfleld, Catharine Anne, poet, b. Washington, Mpi., 1817. Her father. Major Nath. A. Ware, was sec. of Mpi. Terr , and a W^VR 956 t ; author of " Views of the i'ederal Constitution." Her maternal grand- fatlier was Capt. Charles Percy of the British navv. Educated with her sister in Phila. She was'm. in 1833 to Eli^ha Warfield of Lexing- ton, Kj-., whence in 1857 they removed to a farm near Louisville, Ky. In 1843 was pub. " The Wife of Leon, and Other Poems, by Two Sisters of the West;" and in 1846 the sisters pub. a new collection, entitled " The Indian Chamber, and Other Poems." Her " Household of Bouverie," a novel, appeared in 186:!; " Ro- mance of the Great Seal," 1867. Warham, John, first minister of Wind- sor, Ct., from Sept. 1636 till his death, Apr. 1, 16T0. He was an eminent minister at Exeter, Eng., when the church which was gathered at Plymouth, and about to emigrate to America, of which Mr. John Maverick was pastor, se- cured him as teacher. They arrived May 30, 16.30, and in June began a settlement at Dor- chester. In 163.'> this church removed to Wind- sor, where Mr. W. joined them the next year, Mr. Maverick having died. Warner, Susan, novelist, b. N.Y. 1818, dau. of Henry W. Warner of the N. York bar, who resides on Constitution Island, near West Point. Pub. in 1 849 " The Wide, Wide World," a story of domestic life; " Queechy," 1852; "The Law and the Testimony," 1853, a theol. work of research and merit ; a prize essay on the Duties of American Women; "The ilills of Shatemuck," 18.)6, containing sketches of scenery near her residence; a vol. of " Lvrics from the Wide, Wide World ; " " The Golden Ladder," 1862; "The Old Helmet," 1863. She has written under the mm de plume " Eliza- beth Wethcrell." Her sister Anna B. War- ner is the author of "Dollars and Cents," a novel, 1853 ; " My Brother's Keeper," 2 vols. 1855 ; and of a series of juvenile tales. " Say and Seal," the joint production of the sisters, app. in 2 vols, in 1860. Warner, Col. Seth, Revol. officer, b. Roxbury, Ct., May 17, 1743 ; d. there Dec. 26, 1784. He was early disting. by his energy, sound judgment, and manly and noble bear- ing. In 1765, with his father Dr. Benj. War- ner, he removed to Bennington, in the N6w- Hampshire grants. During the dispute be- tween N.Y. and the inhabitants of the "grants," over whom it claimed jurisdiction, Ethan Al- len and Seth Warner were the leaders and champions of the people. They were outlawed by the State of N.Y. ; and a reward was offered for the arrest of either. As second in com. he participated in the capture of Ticonderoga, and on the following day he took the important post of Crown Point, with its garrison and 113 cannon. Chosen col. July 27, 1775 ; in Sept. he was at the siege of St. John's under Mont- gomery, and defeated Gen. Carleton in the at- tempt for its relief. During the retreat of the Amerieains to Ticonderoga in May, 1776, War- ner rendered valuable service. When Ticon- deroga was evacuated on the night of July 4, 1777, the main body of the army took the road through Hubbardton and Castleton. At the former place the rear-guard was put under the com. of Warner, who was attacked by Eraser, July 7, and, after a severely-contested tight, was compelled to retreat. At the battle of Bennington, Warner's regiment arrived at tha scene of action in season to repel and defeat the re-enfbreement of the enemy under Bray- man, and to share in the glory of that exploit. He remained in the service until 1782, when his constitution, though naturally strong and vigorous, gave way under the fatigue and hard- ships of the service, and he returned with his family to Roxbury. Seth Warner was over six feet in height, erect and well-proportioned. A Memoir by Daniel Chipman was pub. at Middlcbury, l'848. Warren, Gouverneitb Kemble, brevet maj.-gcn. U.S.A., b. Cold Spring, N.Y., 1830. iA West Point, 1850. Entering the topog. engrs., - he was made 1st lient. 1 July, 1856; capt. 9 / ' Sept. 1861; capt. engr. corps 3 Mar. 1863; niaj. 25 June, 1864 ; lieut.-col. 5th N.Y. Vols. 14 May, 1861 ; col. 31 Aug. 1861 ; brig. -gen. 26 Sept. 1862; maj.-gen. 3 May, 1863. He was engaged in surveys of the western Terrs, until 1859 ; was assist, prof, of math. 1859-61, at West Point; com. a brigade in Peninsular campaign, and brev. lieut.-col. 27 June, 1862, for Gaines's Mill, where he was wounded ; en- gaged in battles of Manassas, Anlietam, and Erederieksbnrg ; chief topog. engr. Army of Potomac from 4 Feb. 1863 ; engaged at Chan- cellorsville; brev. col. 4 July, 1863, for Gettys- burg, where he was wounded; in temporary com. 2d corps, Aug. 1863 to Mar. 1864; and in com. at the combats of Auburn and Bristoe Station, 14 Oct. 1863 ; com. 5th corps, March, 1864, to Apr. 1,1865, in Richmond campaign; and engaged at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, siege of Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, and Five Forks; brev. brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 for Bristoe Station, and for gallant and merit, services during the Rebellion. Au- thor of Explorations in the Dakotah Country in 1855; of the Country between the Missouri and Platte Rivers, 1857 ; in Nebraska and Da- kotah, 1856-7; Pacific-Railroad Reports, part of vol. i., alt of vol. ii. ; " Battle of Five Forks," 1866. — Cu//iini. Warren, Gen. James, Revol. patriot of Ms., b. Plymouth, Sept. 28, 1726; d. there Nov. 27, 180S. H.U. 174.1. Many years a merchant. In 1757 the decease of his father left him a handsome patrimonial estate, which had descended from Richard, one of the first settlers of Plymouth in 1620. Succeeding his father as high sheriff, he retained the office till the commencement of the war. Chosen a member of the Gen. Court in May, 1766, he disting. himself in maintaining the rights of the Colonies. After the death of Gen. Joseph Warren, he was app. pres. of the Prov. Con- gress; and in 1775, while thearmy was at Cam- bridge, was made paym.-gen., but resigned the office on its removal to New York. He was afterwards app. maj.-gen. of the militia. After the adoption of the constitution of Ms., he was several years speaker of the house of represen- tatives, and, refusing the offices of lieut.-gov. and judge of the Sup. Court, held a seat at the navy board. Husband of Mercy Warren the Warren, John, M.D., a disting. physician, 957 1 :iftcrapp. hospital-surgeon. In 1776 ip. the array to N.Y. and N.J. ; served h. Roxbnrv, Ms., Jiilv 27, 17.-i3; d. Boston, Apr. 4, IsLl. H.U. 1771. His ancestors set- tled in Boston in 1720. After studying medi- cine two years with his hro. Joseph (afterwards Gen. Warren), he settled in Salem, where he soon had an extensive practice. On the day of the battle of Bunker's Hill, his anxiety on account of his bro. leii him to attempt to pass a sentry, who inflicted a bayonet wound, the scar of which he bore through life. He ad- : wounded in that battle, and was he accomi ^ and Princeton; and from 1777 the close of the war was superintending sur- geon of the military hospitals in Boston. He was for nearly 40 years the most eminent sur- geon in N.E. He gave a course of dissections to his colleagues in 1780 ; and in 1783 became prof, of anatomy and surgery in the newly-es- tablished medical school at Cambridj;e. Pres. of the Ms. Med. Soc. from 1804 till his death, and was also pres. of the Agric. and Humane Societies. An instance of the energy of his character is found in his preparing a course of lectures on anatomy without books, without an instructor, and without a model. He deliv- ered several public addresses, and in 1783 be- gan the series of 4tli-of-July orations at Bos- ton, ever since continued. In 1777 he m. the dan. of Gov. Collins of R.I. He pub. a " Dis- sertation on the Mercurial Practice in Febrile Diseases ; " an address to the lodges of Free- masons, of which he was grandmaster; and contrib. many articles to the Journal of Medi- cine and Surgery, the " Memoirs " of the Amer. Acad., and the " Communications" of the Ms. Med. Society. Warren, John Collins, M.D.,an eminent surgeon and medical writer, b. Boston, 1 Aug. 1778; d. there 4 May, 1856. H.U.1797. Son of the preceding. He studied medicine with his father, and in the hospitals of London and Paris; began practice at Boston in 1802, and soon took the lead in his profession. Assistant prof, of anatomy and surgery H.U. 1806-15, full prof. 1813-47, and emeritus prof. 1847-56. One of the founders of the Ms. Gen. Hospital in 1820, and principal surgeon in daily attend- ance until his death ; also a founder of the McLean Asylum for the Insane; pres. Ms. Med. Soc. 1832-6 ; pres. of the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist, at the time of his death ; and a mem- ber of the principal scientific bodies in America and Europe. Chiefly instrumental in found- ing, and from 1828 assoc. editor of, the Boston Med. and Siiiy. Journul. In 1846 he was the first to use ether in a surgical operation ; and his sanction aided its general introduction. He devoted much of his later life to the natural sciences. His collection of specimens in com- parative anatomy, osteology, and paleontology, was large, and included the most perfect mas- todon known to exist. By his will he ordered that his body be given for examination to the officers of the Medical College, and that the skeleton should be deposited in its inuseum. An ardent friend of temperance, and many years pres. of the Ms. Temperance Soc. Besides contribs. to med. and scicnt. journals, be: puli. " Diseases of the Heart," 1809; " Comparative View of the Sensorial System," 1820; "Ac- count of the B.iston Med. School and Ms. Gen. Hospital," 1824; "Dislocation of the Hip- Joint," 1826; "Description of the Si.tniese Twins," 1S29; "Observations on Tumors," is;:: I.!'. i/rii.n,"1848; " Dcscript. of an Kj M : in," 1821 ; "Alcohol in the I'l.; vi., I ,■■ 1849; "The Preservation of 11 ::iii, 1^-1; "Fossil Sandstone Rocks of Ct. River," 1854 ; " Genealogy of the War- ren Family," 1855; "Mastodon Glganteiis," 1 855. — See his Life, with Atilob. and Journuls, bi/ Edward Warren, 2 vols. 18G0. His son Jona- TiniJ Mason, M.D., b. Boston, 1810, d. there 19 Aug. 1867; H.U. 1832. Author of numer- ous monographs on special subjects; the latest of them, " Surgical Observations, with Cases and Operations," 1867, was finely illustrated. Warren, Gkn. Joseph, physician and patriot, b. Roxbury, Ms., June 1 1, 1741 ; killed at Bunker's Hill, June 17, 1775. H.U. 1759. His fiither, a respectable farmer, held several municipal offices in Roxbury. He studied medicine under Dr. Lloyd ; commenced prac- tice in Boston in 1762, and, by his successful treatment of the smallpox in 1764, attained high rank among his brethren. His jiolitical sentiments were somewhat in advance of pub- lic opinion ; for he held as tyranny all taxation which couW be imposed by the British |iarlia- ment upon the Colonies. In him the people (bund not only the firmness and decision they wished for in a leader, but prudence and wari- ness in all his plans. He met frequently with a considerable numberof substantial mech.anics, and others in the middling-classes of society, who were busy in politics, and was constantly enlightening the people by his pen. He was twice chosen to deliver the oration on the 5th of March, in commemoration of the " Massa- cre." The second of these was delivered Mar. 6, 1775, in the "Old South" meeting-house, and in defiance of the threats of the British officers, that it would be at the price of the life of any man to spe.ak on thnt anniversary. In 1772 he beciime a member of the com. of cor- resp. ; in the autumn of 1774 he was elected a delegate to the Ms. Congress, over which he presided after the departure of Hancock; and was also chairman of the com. of public safety, to whom the executive power was intrusted. He was thus the virtual head of tlie new com- monwealth. Having discovered the design of seizing our stores at Concord, he despatched messengers to Hancock and Adams at Lexing- ton to warn them of their danger. Hastening to the field of action on the next day, lie shared the dangers of the opening battle of the Revo- lution, a musket-ball taking off a lock of his hair close to his ear. June 14, 1775, the Prov. Congress of Ms. made him a major-gen. He had previously been unceasing in his exertions to maintain order and enforce discipline amongst the troops which had hastily assem- bled after the battle of Lexington. He opposed the project of occupying Charlestown Heights, on the ground of want of ammunition sufficient to resist the attack of the British troojis. When the step was determined on, he, however, re- solved to share in its dangers. Arriving at the intruuchmentson Breed's Hill just as the enemy 958 "V\^AS were preparing to advance, Col. Prcscott de- sired to act under his directions ; but Warren declined taking any other part than that of a volunteer. During the retreat he was one of the last who left the redoubt, near which he fell as he was slowly retiring. A granite shaft, 216 feet in height, marks the spot sprin- kled by the blood of the first Revol. martyr of rank. His eldest son was educated at the public e.iipense. His Life, by A. H. Everett, is in Sparks's " Araer. Biog'" Another, by R. Frothingham, was published 8vo, Boston, Mekct, authoress, b. Barnsta- ble, Sept. 25'(N.S.), 1728 ; d. Plymouth, Oct. 19, 1814. A sister of the patriot James Otis, and ab. 1 754 became the wife of Gen. James Warren. She had an active as well as power- ful mind, and corresp. with some of the lead- ing statesmen of the times. She wrote several satirical pieces, poetical and dramatic ; a forci- ble poetical satire in the form of a drama, called the " Group ; " the " Adulator ; " two tragedies, of five acts each, called the " Sack of Rome" and the "Ladies of Castile." These productions, written during the war, and pub. m 1778, are full of patriotic feeling and heroic sentiment. Her Poems, dramatic and miscel- laneous, were pub. in 1790. In 1805 she pub. her History of the Revol. War, 3 vols. 8vo. Warren, Sib Peter, an English admiral, b. 1703; d. Ireland, July 29, 1752. Entering the navy in 1727, he rose to the rank of com- modore, which he held in 1745, when app. com. of an armament destined to attack Louisburg, then belonging to the French. He joined the fleet of transports with the land-forces under Gen Pepperrell from Boston, in Casco Bay, 25 Apr. ; and, being joined by several other ships of war from Eng., he took'possession of Louis- burg on the 17th of June. He was made a rear-admiral, and, falling in with a French squadron off Cape Finisterre in 1747, com- pletely defeated it, capturing the greater part. He m. Susan, eldest dan. of Stephen De Lancey of N. Y., and was the owner of a valuable estate in the Mohawk Valley, which he placed in charge of his nephew Wm. (aftenvards Sir Wm.) Johnson. Warren, Mr. and Mrs. William, ac- tors. Mr. W. was b. Bath, Eng., May 10, 1767; d. Washington, D.C., Oct. 19, 1832. Made his de'hnt at 1 7 as Young Norval ; at Baltimore in 1796; and at the Chestnut-st., Phila., Nov. 5, 1796, as Friar Lawrence in "Romeo and Juliet; "afterward manager of the Chestnut-st., where he last app. Nov. 25, 1829. His wife AxNE Bruxton, afterward Mrs. Mer- ry and Mrs. Wignell, b. Bristol, Eng., 1770. M. Wm. AVarren Jan. 1, 1803 ; d. Alexandria, June 28, 1808; made her d^but in Nov. 1785 as Euphrasia, in " The Grecian Daughter," in Bristol. M. Robert Merry in 1 792 ; made her (Igbiit Dec. 5, 1796, at the Chestnut-st., Phila., as Juliet, and was one of the best actresses of her time. William, Jun., son of Wm., and one of the best comedians on the American stage (b. Phila. Nov. 17, 1812), first app. at the Arch-st., Phila., Oct. 27, 1832, as Young Nor- val ; at the Park, N.Y., in 1841, as Gregory Grizzle ; at the Strand, London, in 1845 ; and Aug. 23, 184", as Billy Lackaday, at the Bos- ton Museum, where he has ever since been a great favorite. Warriner, Rev. Fravcis, Cong, clergy- man and author, b. Springfield, Ms., 1803 ; d. Chester, Ms., 22 Apr. 1866. Amh. Coll. 1830. Teacher of math, and navigation on the frig- ate " Potomac," 1831-4, in the Indian Archi- pelago ; he pub. on her return " The Cruise of the Potomac," 12mo, 1835. He studied theology at N. Haven and New York ; pastor at Chester, Oct. 1841-8 and 1859-05, and of Waterford, Vt., 1848-59. Warrington, Lewis, com. U.S.N., b. Willi.amsburg, Va., 3 Nov. 1782 ; d. Washing- ton, D.C.. 12 Oct. 1831. Wm.and Marv Coll. 1798. Midshipman 6 Jan. 1800; licut. 7 Feb. 1807; master com. 24 July, 1813; capt. 22 Nov. 1814; a navy commiss. 1827-30 and 1840-2; chief of bureau of ordn. and hydrog. from Sept. 1842 to his d. He was attached to " The Chesapeake " at the date of her en- counterwith the British frigate " Leopard," 20 June, 1807. 29 Apr. 1814, in the sloop "Pea- cock" (18 guns), he captured off Cape Canav- eral, Florida, after an action of 42 minutes, the British sloop of war "Eperviei-," Capt. Wales, of about equal force. For this achieve- ment Congress voted him a gold medal. 30 June, 1815, he captured in the Strait of Sun- da the E. I. Go's cruiser "Nautilus;" but, ired, she i squadron the W. I. station. Washbume, Gen. C.idwallader Col- den, b. Livermore, Me., April 22, 1818. Son of Israel, and bro. of Israel, jun., and E. B. Washbiirne. Originally a land-surveyor. In 1839 he went to 111.; settled as a lawyer at Mineral Point, Wis. ; and in 1859 removed to La Crosse. M.C. in 1856-62; delegate to the Peace Congress in 1861 ; raised a regt. of cav- alry in 1861, of which he became eol. ; July 16, 1862, became brig.-gen. ; maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862. In Dec. 1861 he conducted a success- ful exped. from Helena, Ark., into the interior of Mpi. In the operations around Vicksburg in the campaign of 1 863, he com. the two divis- ions of Gens.'Smith and Kimball; afterward served in La. under Gen. Banks. M.C. 1867- 71 ; chosen gov. of Wis. in Nov. 1871, Washburne, Elihu Benjamix, minis- ter to France (app. 1869), b. Livermore, Me., /; <.y 23 Sept. 1816 Bro. of Cadwallader C, and d. «^'-~'-^7'; Israel, jun. Served an apprenticeship in the ^ ^( it 'itl office of the Kmnehcc Journal ; studied law at ' H.U. ; and settled in practice at Galena, 111. Whig M.C. 1853-5 ; and subsequently, until 1869, a prominent Republican in that body, in which he was chairman of the com. on com- merce (1857-65). He has also the merit of hav- ing procured Gen. Grant his app. of brig.-gen., and remained his fast friend during all the vicissitudes of his military career. The latter, on reaching the presidential chair, app. Wash- burne sec. of state (Mar. 1869) ; but he shortly after took the mission to France, which he now (1872) holds. Washburn, Emory, LL.D. (H.U. and Wms. Coll. 1854), lawver, b. Leicester, Ms., Feb. 14, 1800.V-Wms. Coll. 1817. He studied d yhxO^ TV AS 959 Inw ; was adm. to the bar 1S2I ; practised in Leicester 1821-8, and at Worcester 1828-56; member of the Gen. Court 1825-7 and 1838; wasjudj^e of C.C.P. in 1844-7; gov. of Ms. in 1854-5 ; prof, in the Camli. Law School since 1 835. Besides addresses before agric. societies, temperance and other associations, he has pub. " The Part taken by the Inhabitants of Leices- ter, Ms., in the Events of the Revel.," 1849 ; " Address at the Social Festival of the Bar of Worcester County, Feb. 7, 1856;" " Histori- cal Sketches of the Town of Leicester, Ms.," 1860 ; " Sketches of the Judicial History of Ms., 1630-1775," 8vo, 1840 ; " Address at the Cele- bration of the 200th Anniv. of the Incorpora- tion of Bridgewater,Ms.,June3, 1836; " " Law of Easements and Servitudes," 8vo, 1863 ; " Professional Training, a Lecture," 8vo, 1861. His most important work is " A Treatise on tlie American Law of Real Property," 2 vols. 8vo, 1860-2, 3d ed. 3 vols. 1868. Member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, Antiq. Society of Worcester, N.E. Hist. Gcneal. Soc, and the Ms. Hist. Society. Washburn, Israel, gov. Me. 1861-3, b. Livermore, Me., 6 June, 1813. Bro. of C. C. and E. B. Washburne. He studied law ; was adm. to the bar in 1834 _; and has practised at Orono, Penobscot Co., with success. Mem- ber Me. legist. 1842; M.C. 1851-61; app. coll. of Portland 1863. Washburn, Peter Thacher, jurist, b. Lynn, Ms., 7 Sept. 1814; d. 7 Feb. 1870. Dartm. Coll. 1835. He studied at the Camb. Law School; practised at Ludlow, Vt., 1839-44, afterward at Wqodstock ; 8 years reporter Vt. Sup. Court; adj. and insp.-g'en. of Vt. 1861-6 ; gov. of Vt. from Oct. 1869 to his death. Author of Reports of Sup. Ct. of Vt., vols. 17-23, and of Digest; the first 15 vols. Vt. Reports, 8vo, 1845 ; of Reports of vols. 16-22, &c., 8vo, 1852. Washburn, William Barrett, gov. of O^C^T^ U -,Ms. in 1872, b. Winchendon, Ms., 31 Jan. 1820. /' Y.C. 1844. A manufacturer. Member MsA /house 1850; senate 1854; subsequently pres. / Greenfield Bank; M.C. 186.3-71. Washington, Bushrod, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1803), jurist, h. Westmoreland Co., Va., June 5, 1762; d. Phila. Nov. 26, 1829. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1778. He was the favorite nephew of the President. Studied law with James Wilson of Phila., and commenced prac- tice with great success in his native county. He served as a private soldier at Yorktown ; was a member of the Va. h. of delegates in 1 787 ; and the next year was a member of the con v. to ratify the U.S. Constitution ; afterwards re- moved to Alexandria, and thence to Richmond. Dec. 20, 1798, he was app. an assoc. justice of the U. S. Supreme Court ; first pres. of the Colonization Societv. Author of Reports Ct. of Appeals, Va., 1790-6, 2 vols. 8vo, 1798-9 ; Reports U. S. Cir. Court, 3d circ, 1803-27; edited by R. Peters, 4 vols. 8vo, 1826-9. Washington, George, first pres. U.S., b. Bridge's Creek, Westmoreland Co., Va., 22 Feb. 1732; d. Mt. Vernon 14 Dec. 1799. Fourth son of Augustine. John his ancestor came to Va. ab. 1657. Educated by a private tutor, and became a surveyor. Adj.-gen. 1751 ; sent on a mission to the French com. on tiie Ohio by Gov. Dinwiddie 31 Oct. 1753, return- ing 16 Jan. 1754, after much sutfering; app. lieut.-col. Mar. 1754; and 28 May captured a French detachment near Great Meadows, kill- ing its com. Jumonville; surrendered his com. at Fort Necessity to a superior French force 4 July, 1754; vol. aide to Gen. Br.iddock at the battle of the Monongahela 9 July, 1755; m. 6 Jan. 1739 to Martha, widow of John Parke Custis, and dau. of John Dandridge; member of the h. of burgesses 1760-75 ; delegate to the first Congress, Sept. 1774, and to the second. May, 1775, by which (15 June) he was chosen com. -in-chief of the Amer. army on the nomi- nation of John Adams, and took com. at Cambridge 3 July. He forced the British to evacuate Boston (17 Mar. 1776); lost the battles of Brooklyn (27 Aug.), White Plains (28 Oct.) ; gained the victories of Trenton and Princeton (Dec. 26 and Jan. 3) ; was defeated at Brandy- wine (11 Sept. 1777) and at Germantown (4 Oct. 1777) ; fought an indecisive battle with Sir H. Clinton (28 June, 1778) at Monmouth, and, in conjunction with the French army of Rocliam- beau and the fieet of De Grasse, captured the army of Cornwallis at Yorktown (19 Oct. 1781), virtually ending the war. Dec. 23, 1783, he resigned his com., and retired to Mt. Vernon. Pres. of the convention that formed the U.S. Constitution 1787 ; inaug. pres. of the U.S. at New York 30 Apr. 1789, and returned to private life on the exp. of his second term, 4 Mur. 1 797. In Sept. 1796 he pub. his Farewell Address. — .See Life and Corresp. bj) fs'paiLs, 12 vols. 8vo ; Lives bi/ Ramsai/, Marshull, Bancroft, and Irvinq ; concerninq pedigree, see Geneal. /tc^., xxi. 25." Washington, Col. William Al'gus- TINE, a distinguished cavalry-officer of the Revolution, b. Staftbrd Co., Va., 28 Feb. 1752 ; d. Charleston, S.C, 5 Mar. 1810. Designed for the church by his father Bailey Washington, a kinsman of Gen. W. His attainments as a scholar were respectable. A capt. under Mer- cer in the Va. lino, he disting. himself at Long Island, at Trenton (where he was severely wounded), and at Princeton. Major and then lieut.-col. of Baylor's dragoons, and present at its surprise by Gen. Grey at Tappan in 1778. He was active in com. of a light corps in the vicinity of Charleston, S.C, in 1779-80, and was worsted at Monk's Comer and at Laneau's Ferry; attached to the division of Gen. Morgan, he cai-ried by stratagem the fort at Rugely's Mill, capturing a large force ; and for his valor at the Cowpens, where he had a personal en- counter with Col. Tarleton, both being wound- ed, received from Congress a silver medal. He was active in Greene's celebrated retreat ; was conspi-uons at Guilford ; behaved gallantly at Hobkirk's Hill, and also at Eutaw, wlierc he was taken jiri^oner, remaining till the close of the war. lie then m., and settled in Charleston, S.C, w!i re he was a member of the legisl., but djcli'.ied being a candidate for gov., as he eoxdd not make a speech. Upon Washington's app. as com. of the army by Pres. Adams, he selected Col. W. as one of "his stall', with the rank of brig.-gen. Tall, strong, and active in person, he was taciturn and modest in deport- ment, and exceedingly hospitable, generous, and ben.;voIent. "Wj^X 960 Waterbury, David, Jun., b. Stamford, Ct., FcIj. 12, 1722; d. June 29, 1801. Major 3(1 Ct. Regt. in the French and Indian war; raised a rc^t. early in 1775 ; July 3, 1775, was ord. to the North, and returned in Jan. 1776; app. brig.-gen. militia, June, 1776; served in Northern army; Sept. 2, 1776, app. second to Arnold in the ftoct on Lake Champlain ; and in the action Oct. 14 was taken prisoner. He was soon exchanged, but saw no active service aftcrwai-d. He was a farmer, and served in the State legislature many years. Waterbury, JaredBell, D.D., b. N.Y. City 1799. Y.C. 11-22. Autlior of "Advice to a Yoimg Christian," 1SJ7 ; "The Brighter Age," a poem, 1 830 ; " Riiiiains of Mrs. Cath- erine Winslow," 1851 ; "Skctchcsof (23) Elo- quent Preachei-s," 1864; "Southern Planters and the Freedmcn," 1865; "Memoir of Rev. John Scuddcr, D.D.," 1870, &c. — Allibone. Waterhouse, Benjamin, M.D., physi- cian and author, b. Newport, R.I., 4 March, 1754 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., i Oct. 1846. U. of Lcyden. Placed in 1775 in cliarge of Dr. Foth- ergill, a maternal relative, he studied in Lon- don, I5dinburgh, and L-vd -n. Prof of the theo- ry and practice of nKdiciiic in II.U. 1783-1812. Chosen in 1784 prof, of nat. hi~t. in Brown U., he delivered in Providence at that time the first course of lectures upon that science in Ameri- ca. He introduced the study of mineralogy (then a novelty in the U.S.), obtained a valua- ble collection of minerals from Dr. Lettsom, and procured the establishment of the botanic gardens. For 7 years he vindicated by his writings Dr. Jcnncr's discovery of vaccination against ridicule and public prejudice. A prominent political friend of Jellerson, he wa3 app. U.S. hospital-surgeon 29 June, 1813, and was post-surgeon in 1818-21. Author of "Lectures on the Theory and Practice of Medicine," 8vo, 178G; "Lectures on Natural Historv,"lS10; " The Botanist," 1811 ; "Ora- iiolmiiuj." atU-U. 1783; on "Vitality," 1790; " Prospect of exterminating the Small-Pox," 1800 ; a work ascribing the authorship of "Ju- nius " to Lord Chatham, 1831 ; ".Journal of a Young Man of Ms.," a novel, 1816. Member of numerous scientific bodies in the U.S. and Europe. His son John Fothergill, M.D., physician, naturalist, and orator, b. 1 Aug. 1791, d. Charleston. S.C, 18 May, 1817.— Poli/anthos, vol. ii. Waterman, Thomas TVhitnet, lawyer of N.Y. Citv, son of Thomas Glasby, lawyer (Y.C. 1806)", h. Binghamton, N.Y., 1821. En- tered Y.C. 1838; travelled in Europe 1842-4 ; adm. to the bar 1848. Author of "Treatise on Justices," 8vo, 1 849 ; " Amer. Chancery Digest," 3d ed., 3 vols. 8vo, 1S51 ; "Treatise on Justices for Wisconsin and Iowa," 8vo, 1853; "Treatise on New Trials," 2 vols. 8vo, 1855; "Digest of Ct. Sup. Court Reports," Svo, 1858; "Treatise on the Law of Set-Off," &c., 8vo, 1869 ; and editor of Archbold, 7th cd. ; Caine's N.Y. Reports, 3d cd., 1854 ; and Hoflfrnan's Chancery Reports, 1863. — AHihone. Waterston, Ret. Robert Cassie, Unit, clergyman, b. Kennebunk, Me., 1812. Studied 3 years at Cambridge; was ord. 1839; labored 5 ye.-irs as minijtcrat largo; m. Anna C, dau. of Josiah Quiney ; and has had charge of sev- eral churches. Resides in Boston. Author of " Thoughts on Moral and Spiritual Cul- ture," 12mo, 1842; "Arthur Lee and Tom Palmer ; " " Address on Life and Char, of T. Sherwin," 16 Feb., 1870, before High-school Assoc, Boston ; also addi-osses, discourses, po- ems, &c. ; compiled a hymn-book ; and contrib. to many reviews, magazines, &e. — AlUbone. Waterton, Chaules, English naturalist, b. ab. 1782; d. 1865. He visited S.America, and pub. in 1825 " ^Vand^■ri^gs in S. America, the North-west of the U.S., and the Antilles." He also pub. " Essays on Natural History." WatKins, Tobias, M.D., physician and author, b. Md. 1780; d. W.ashin'jton, D.C., Nov. 14, 1855. St. .John's Coll. 179S; Pliila. Med. Coll. 1S02. JLj commenced practice at Havre de Grace, Md. ; was surgeon in the ar- my during the warof 1812; assist, surgeon-gen. 1818-21 ; and fourth auditor of the treasury 1824-9. In 1809 he edited the Baltimore Med. and Phijsical Recorder. In 1816 he commenced with his brother-in-law Stephen Simpson, at Phila., the Portico. Ho also contrib. freely to tlie public press and to literary periodicals. Transl. Bichat's " Physiol. Researches " from the French, 8vo, 1809; and De Onis's "Memoir upon the Treaty of 1819," from the Spanish, Svo, 1822. Watmough, John G., soldier and politi cian, b. on the Brandywinc, Del., Dec. 6, 1793 ; d. Phila. Nov. 29, 18G1. U. of I'a. and N. J. Coll. A lieut. of art. in the war of 1 812 ; he was wounded at Fort Erie; was aide to Gen. Gaines on the southern frontier in 1814- 16; resigned in 1816; M.C. from Pa. 1831-5; high slieriff of Phila. city and county in 1835 ; and surveyor of the port in 1841. Author of " 8cril>blings and Sketches," Phila. Svo, 1844. Watson, Sir BriooK, an Ii:n2:lifh baronet (Dec. 5, 1803), b. nvniomli, Iji-,, Feb. 7, 1735; d.Oct. 2, 1807. I'-nly in lilr be entered the se.a-service, but, whilr l.;ithiiiLr in the harbor of Havana in 1749, a siiark bit off his right leg below the knee, and he was obliged to quit his chosen profession. Ho then entered upon mercantile pursuits; in 1755 was commiss. with Col. Moncton at the siege of Beausejour, N.S. ; and in 175S at Lonisburg, having in charge Wolfe's division ; in 1759 he settled as a merchant in London, and subsequently did tival. Vi,ilin- Ms., N.Y., and jn-t IhImh; ihi' llrMil., he pro- iM. letters that of a spy. When Lord North's bill to cut off the fisheries of N. Eng. was before parliament in 1775, he was examined by the house of com- mons. In 1782 he was made commissary-gen. to his fi-iend Sir Guy Carleton in America ; in 1784-93 was M.P. from London; in 1785 sheriff of London and Middlesex ; lord-mayor in 1796; and, in reward of his services in America, parliament voted his wife an annuity of £500 for life. Made agent for the Colony of N. Brunswick in 1786; eommiss.-gen. to the Duke of York in 179.3-5; commiss.-gen. of Eng., March 1798-1806. "Watson, Elkanah, agriculturist, b.Plvm- outh, Ms., Jan. 22, 1758; d. Port Kent, N'.Y., 961 Dec. 5, 1842. In Sept. 177.3 he was appren- ticed to John Brown of Providence, a celebrated merchant, who in 1775 sent him with Ij tons of powder to Washington's army at Cambridge, which was destitute of this necessary article. In 1777 he was sent to Charleston and other Southern ports with over 850,000 to be invested in cargoes for the European markets. His journal of this journey, subsequently pub., is the best account extant of the principal towns and villages of the Colonies at the time of the Revol. In Aug. 1779 he was bearer of de- spatches from the Amer. govt, to Ffanklln at Paris, and opened a commercial house at Nantes. Here, after 3 years, of success, he lost by the financial reverses of the peiiod the bulk of his property. He next visited Eng. ; in 1784 went to Holland and Flanders, and re- turned to Newport in Dec. ; in 1789 he went to Albany, where for 18 years he was an active amotcr uf public enterprises. After travel- g some years in Europe, he pub. while in London an account of his pioneer trip in West- ern N. Y. Settled in 1807 in Pittsfield, Ms., and devoted himself to agriculture; founded the Berkshire Agric. Soc. ; returned in 1816 to Al- bany, and organized the first agric. soc. in N. Y. ; visited Michigan, examined the Lake region, and explored the route to Montreal, with a view to its improvement, and connection with Boston and N.Y. In 1823 he removed to Port Kent, on Lake Charaplain. Besides frequent contributions to periodicals, he pub. some pam- phlets and vols, on agric. and economical topics ; "A Tour in Holland in 1784," in 1790; "A History of Agricultural Societies," 1S20 ; " His- tory of N.Y. Canals, 1788-1819." His Auto- biog. and Journals were pub. in 1855 by his son WjNsi.ow CossouL (b. Albany, 22 Dec. 1803), also author of " Gen. View of Essex Co. ; " " Treatise on Pract. Husbandry ; " " Pioneer Hist, of Champlain Valley," Svo, 1863 ; and a "Hist, of Essex Co.," Svo, 1869. Watson, Henet C, b. Bait. 1831 ; d. 1 809, while editor of the Sacramento (Cal.) Union. He was early connected with the Phila. N. American, Ece. Journal, &c. Author of "Camp-Fires of the Revolution," Svo, 1S51 ; "Nights in a Blockhouse," Svo, 1852; "Old Bell of Independence," 18.52; "Yankee Tea- Party," 18.53; "Lives of the Presidents," 1853 ; " Heroic Women," 1853 ; " Ladies' Glee- Books," 1854; "Masonic Musical Manual," 1 855 ; " Univ. Naval History ; " " Camp-Fires of Napoleon," 1856; "Romance of History," SiC. — A/lilione. Watson, James C, director of the Obser- vatory at Ann Arbor, Mich., b. of Amer. parents in Elgin Co., Can.ada W., 1838. U. of Mich. 1857. Elected prof, of astron. there June, 1859. Author of "Popular Treatise on Comets," 1860; "Theoretical Astronomy," &c., Svo, 1868. Contrib. to many scient. jour- nals. He has discovered several new planets ; and in 1870 the French Acad, of Sciences awarded him the astronomical prize for his im- portant discoveries. Watson, John, M.D. (Coll. of Phys. and Surgs. 1832), physician and medical writer, b. Londonderry, Ireland, Apr. 16, 1807. His family came to the U.S. ra 1810, and in 1818 settled in New York. In 1833 he was one of the physicians of the N.Y. Dispensary, of which he was in 1839-62 an attendmg surgeon. In 1836 he with Dr. H. D. Bulkley established an infirmary for cutaneous diseases, soon after organized as the Broome-street School of Med- icine, in which he held the chair of surg. pa- thology. He was instrumental in founding the N.Y. Med. and Surg. Soc, the Amer. Med. Assoc, and the N.Y. Acad, of Med., of which latter he was some years pres. He has contrib. to medical periodicals ; has pub. " Thermal Vcntihitmn nml ntli,>r Snnifarv Improvements Ap].H<.,l-l,. M rul,^,,. r.ni: l,,. .;•' 1851 ; "The Mcili< il r \' ii Times," 1850; "'I'll. 1.;:: ;. \,;,: ( ; i i ally Examined," 1857, :iiid ■■ llic i'nn; I'll) ,^ician," I860.— Applcton. Watson, John Fanning, annalist, b. Burlington Co., N. J., Jime 13, 1779 ; d. Ger- mantown. Pa., Dec. 23, 1860. He entered a counting-house in Phila. ; left it for a clerkship in the war dept. in 1798 ; afterward established hiniself in N. Orleans, where in 1804 he was purveyor of subsistence to the army stationed there. Recalled to Phila. by the death of his father and a bro., he was many years a book- seller thqre; in 1814-47 was cashier of the Bank of Germantown ; and afterward treas. of a railroad company. He pub. "Annals of Philadelphia," 1830, enlarged and improved in 1857-8; "Historic Tales of Olden Time," 1832, concerning N.Y".; and a similar vol. on Phila., 1833; "Annals and Occurrences of N. Y. City and State in the Olden Time," 1840. A Memoir by Dr. Benj. Dorr, read be- fore the Phila. Hist. Soc. in Feb. 1 801, has been pnb. — Ouyckinck. Watson, John Watson Tadwell, a British gen.; d. Calais, France, June, 1820. Entered 3d Foot Guards, Apr. 1767 ; capt. and lieut.-col. Nov. 1778; col. Aug. 1783; gen. Apr. 1808. In the spring of 1781 he with 500 picked men undertook the destrnction of Mar- ion's brigade. After several skirmishes, and being constantly annoyed by the war^ partisan, whom he could not bring to a conflict except on his own terras, he fled to Georgetown, com- plaining that Marion "would not fight like a gentleman or a Christian." Watterston, George, librarian of Con- gress 1825-9. Author of " Memoir on the Tobacco - Plant," Svo, 1817; "Letters from Washington," 181S ; " Course of Study Prep, to the Bar or Senate," 1823; "Wanderer in Washington," 1827; "The Lawyer, or Man as he ought not to be," 1829 ; with N. B. Van Zandt, " Tabular Statist. Views of the Population, &c., of the U.S.," 1829 and 1833 ; "Gallery of Amer. Portraits," 1830; "New Guide to Washington," 1842 and 1848.-^1///- hone. vv ttits, John, loyalist, b. N. York, Apr. 5, 1715 ; d Wales, Augi 1789. He m. Ann, dau. of Stephen De Lancey, in July, 1742; repre- sented N.Y. City in the Assembly for many years; and was amemberof the council in 1757- 75, when he retired to Eng. His property was confiscated ; but the most valuable partof the forfeited premises was reconveyed to his sons Robert and John, July 1, 1784. His dau. Ann, who d. 1 793, ra. Capt. Kennedy, who became Earl of Cassilis. Their son, the 12th earl, was b. in America. Joiirr, 2d son, b. N.Y. 1 749, d. there Sept. 3, 1836. M.C. 1793-6 ; made a munificent donation to the Leake and Watts Or]jhan-I louse; m. his cousin-gcrman Jane De Lanccy, and left descendants, one of whom was Gen. Philip Kearney. Watts, Robert, JI.P. (C.,11. Thvs. and Surg. 1835), ]ihysici:ui ainl Mirur,,ii, 1,. Ford- ham, N.Y., 1812; d. I'aiis l-r.mrv. Sept. 8, 1867. Col. Coll. 1831. While an uiidcr-grad- uate, he was app. lecturer on anatomy at the Vt. Medical Coll., and in 1838 was prof, of the same branch there and at Pittsfield, Ms. From 1839 to his death he was prof, of anatomy in the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons ; and from 1859 was an attending physician of the Nur- sery and Child's Hospital ; one of the founders of the N.Y. Pathological Soc., and for several year-- i;- ii' -i-iiiu -plliucr. He pub. many able artii Ir ,: ! of cases in the medical polio i I : III , ;m,1 and edited with notes soni.' Ill iini I - 111 iiiiatnmv. Wayland,FR.iNcis,b.D.(trn. Coll. 1827), LL.D. (1852), scholar and clergyman, b. N.Y. City, Mar. 11, 1796, of English parents; d. Providence, Sept. 26, 1865. Un. Coll. 1813. After studying medicine 3 years, in 1815 he studied at the'Thcol. Sem., Andover; and was tutor at Un. Coll. in 1817-21, a part of the time preaching to a cong. at Bm-nt Hills ; in 1821-6 he was pastor of the First Baptist >Church, Boston ; in 1 826 he was for a short itime prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. at IJn. Coll.; from Feb. 1827 to 1855 was pres. of Brown TI. ; and was aftei-ward, for two or three years, pastor of the First Bapt. Church in Providence. Dr. Wayland manifested eminent ;ability in managing the allairs of B.U., largely increasing its reputation, and doubling the niunbcr of its students. He taught by lectures in place of the old text-books, and pub. works on "Moral Science," "Political Economy," ;and "Intell. Philosophy." In 1842 he pub. " Thoughts upon the Collegiate System of the U.S:," which led to much discussion. His other publications are " Letters on Slavery ; " "Life of the Slissionary, Dr. Judson," 1853; ^' University Sermons," 1838, subsequently pub. as "Salvation by Christ," 1858; "Limita- tions of 'Human Responsibility," 1840; "Me- moir of Harriet Ware," 1850; "Notes on the Principles and Practices of Baptists," 1856; "Occas. Discourses," 1855; " Sermons to the Churches," 1858; "Letters on the Ministry," 1863. — See Memoir bi/ his Sons Francis and n. I.. Wai/land, 2 vols. 8vo, 1867. Wayne, Gen. Anthoxt, b. Chester Co., Pa., 1 Jan. 1745; d. Presque Isle, 15 Dec. 1795. His grandfather Anthony of Yorkshire com. a squadron of dragoons under King Wil- liam at the battle of thakBoyne, and came to Pa. in 1 722. Isaac his fWier was an otEcer in Indian wars, and serv'cd in the Prov. legist. Anthony was educated at the Phila. Acad., and, through the friend.ship of Dr. Franklin, was app. a land-agent in Nova Scotia, where he resided in 1 765-6. Marrying in 1 767, be was until 1774afarmerandland-sun'eyor; member of the legisl. in 1774-5, and of various patriotic associations of the time. He raised a regt. in Sept. 1775; was made a col. 3 Jan. 1776 ; brig.- gen. 21 Feb. 1777. Disting. and wounded at Trois Rivieres, Canada. At the Brandywine, 11 Sept. 1777, he was opposed to Knyphausen, and held his ground until the riulit of the Amor, army was turned. On the night of 20 Sept. he was surprised by (ien. Grey near the Paoli Tavern, and compelled to retreat with serious loss. Wayne demanded a court of inquiry, and was acquitted with the highest honor. At Gormantown, where he led the attack of the right wing, he signalized himself, and was twice slightly wounded. For his conduct at Monmouth (2R June, 1778), he was especially mentioned in Washington's olficial report. His most brilliant achievement, however, was the storming of Stony Point, a strong post on the Hudson, on the night of 15 July, 1779. In this attack he was wounded in the head. Congress gave him a vote of thanks and a gold medal. After the mutiny of the Pa. line, Wayne, with the remnant of Pa. troops, joined Lafayette in Va. 7 June, 1781 ; at Green Spring, Va., 6 July, 1781, he was ordered to attack what was supposed to be only a rear- guard, but which proved to be the whole Brit- ish army in order of battle within less than 100 paces. His course was at once sagacious and energetic. A well-executed hayonet-chargo stopped the enemy, and gave Wayne time to retreat without loss. Present at Yorktown ; ordered to Ga., he defeated Col. Brown, 20 May, 1782, and a month later the renowned Indian chieftain Guristersigo, who was killed ; 14 Dec. 1782 he took possession of Charleston on its evacuation. He served in the Pa. As- sembly in 1784-5, and in the conv. that ratified the U.S. Constitution. Apr. 3, 1792, he was made gen .-in-chief of the army engaged against the North-western Indians; 20 Aug. 1794 he g.ained a complete victory over them at the Maumoe Rapids, " Fallen Timbers," which was followed by the treaty of Greenville, re- sulting in a long peace and a considerable ac- cession of territory. Wayne, though by his bravery gaining the sobriquet of " Mad An- thony," was discreet and cautious, fruitful in expedients, quick in decision, and prompt in execution. "Wayne's Orderly-Book at Ti- cond.," with notes and app., was pub. by Mun- sell, 1859. — See Memoirs by H. N. Moore, Phila. 1845, and hij John Armstrong in Sparlcs's Amer. Biog., vol. iv. ; the Assault on Sloni/ Point, by H. D. Dawson, 1863. His son Col. Isaac (M.C. 1823-5) d. Chester Co., Pa.,-25 Oct. 1852, a. 82. Wayne, James Moore, LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1849),judge,b. Savannah, Ga.,1790; d. Wash- ington, D.C., July 5, 1867. N. J. Coll. 1808. He became a lawyer and politician i was two years a member of the State legisl. ; mayor of Savannah 1823 ; was judge of the Superior Court 1824-9; M.C. 1829-35; took a promi- nent position as a debater ; and was a support- er of Gen. Jackson, who app. him, 9 Jan. 1835, assoc. judge U.S. Sup. Court. His opin- ions upon admiralty jurisprudence are every- where cited as high authority. In Congress he sustained free trade ; opposed internal im- provements by Congress, except of rivers and harbors; opposed a recharter of the U.S. WEA. Bank ; and took an active part in the removal of the Indians to the West. He presided in two conventions for revising the constitution of Georgia. Weare, Mesheck, first pres. of N.H., b. Hampton, N.II., June 16, 1713; d. Jan. 14, 1786. U.U. 1735. Son of Nathaniel. He was chosen speaker of the house in 1752; com- missioner to the Congress at Albany 1754; afterwards a justice of the Sup. Court; in 1777 chief justice ; and was councillor from Rock- ingham, and chairman of the com. of safety. In 1776 he was chosen pres. of the State ; was annually re-elected during the war, and in 1784 under the new constitution ; made fellow of the Acad. Arts and Sciences in 1782. Weathersford, Wiiliam, a noted chief of the Creek Indians; d. Monroe Co., Ala., 1824. His father was a white trader, his moth- er a Seminole woman. He was a skilful hunt- er and warrior ; commanded his tribe in the war with the U.S. in 1813-14, in which they were overpowered, and surrendered voluntarily to Gen. Jackson in Apr. 1814. He afterward lived peaceably on his plantation at Little River. Webb, Gen. Alexander S., b. N.Y. ab. 1834. West Point, 1835. Son of James Wat- son Webb. Entering the 2d Art., ho served agiiinst the Seminoles in Fla. in 1856; was assist, prof, of math, at West Point 1857-61 ; 1st lieut. 28 Apr. 1861 ; capt. 11th Inf. 14 May, 18G1 ; maj. 1st R.I. Vols. 14 Sept. 1861 ; lient.- col. stall" U.S. vol's. 20 Aug. 1862; brig.-gen. vols. 23 June, 1863 ; lieut.-col. 44th U.S. Inf. 28 July, 1866. He served in defence of Fort Pickens, at Bull Run, and through the Penin- sular campaign ; was chief of statf 5th corps at Antietam and Chancellorsville ; brev. major 3 July, 1863, for Gettysburg, where he com. a brigade in 2d corps, and was wounded ; com. div. 2d corps in Rapidan camp.aign, Oct. 1863 to Apr. 1364, and brev. lieut.-col. 11 Oct. 1863 for Bristoe's Station ; com. brigade in battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvauia, and brev. col. for the latter 12 May, 1864, where he was severely wounded ; chief of staff to Gen. Meade 11 Jan. 1865, and brev. brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865; discharged 5 Dec. 1870. App. pres. N.Y. City Coll. 1869. Webb, Col. Charles, b. Stamford, Ct., Feb. 13, 1724; d. ab. 1782. Member State legisl. in 1758, and 23 times reehosen. At- tained the rank of capt. in 1760, having served in the French war. Sent in May, 1 775, by Con- gress, on a tour of military investigation to Ti- conderoga. Col. 19th Regt. July, 1775. In the battles at White Plains, Oct. 28, 1776, and at Long Island, Aug. 27, 1776; also White- marsh, 5 Dee. 1777, in which his regt. suffered severely. Webb, Charles Henry, b. Rouse's Pt., N.Y. Author of "LiiBth Lank, or Lunacv," N.Y. 1867; "St. Twel'mo" (a travesty of "St. Elmo), 1867; "Our Friend from Victoria," a play; " Arrah-na-poke," a burlesque, 1865 ; edited " The Jumping Frog," by Mark Twain; founded and edited the CaUfoniian of San Francisco; and has contrib. to mags, and jour- nals. — Allibom. Webb, Geoboe James, prof, in the Bos- ton Acad, of Music, and an eminent composer and teacher of music. Author of "American Glee-Book," "Ms. Coll. of Church Music," " Vocal Class-Book for Schools," " Orthopho- ny, "&c.; " Cantica Ecclesiastica," 1859 ; also some musical pubs, in connection with Lowell Mason. Webb, James, jurist, b. Va. ; d. Goliad, Texas, Nov. 2, 1856. He studied law ; re- moved to Ga. ; and, after practising his profes- sion a few years, was made a judge of the Sup. Court. He held for many years the office of U.S. dist. judge in the Terr, of Fla., but re- signed, and removed to Texas in 1839. Under Pres. Lamar he filled successively the offices of atty.-gen. and sec. of state ; served one term in the senate; and, alter Texas became a State, was reporter of the decisions of the Sup. Court; sec. of state ; and, at the time of his death, judge of the I4tli judicial dist. Author of "Reports Sup. Ct. of Texas," 1846-8, 3 vols. 8vo, 1848-51. Webb, James WaTson, journalist, son of Gen. S. B. Webb, b. Claverack, N.Y., Feb. 8, 1802. 7th in descent from Richard, freeman of Boston 1632. He entered the army as 2d litut. in Aug. 1819; was first lieut. in 1823, and resigned in 1827. He then took charge of the N.Y. Courier, which in 1829 he united with the Enquirer under the name of the Morn- ing Courier and N. Y. Enquirer, becoming sole editor, and in 1830 sole proprietor, of the jour- nal.- It sustained the Whig party during its existence. App. in 1850 charr/i d'affaires to Vienna, the senate did not confirm the nomi- nation. In 1861 Pres. Lincoln app. him min- ister to Brazil. While in this position ho se- cured the settlement of long-standing claims against Brazil, and w.is instrumental, through his intimacy with Napoleon III., in procuring the withdrawal of the French from Mexico. Author of " Altowan, or Adventures in the Rocky Mountains," 2 vols. 8vo, 1846; " Slave- ry and its Tendencies," 8vo, 1856. ' Webb, Joseph, grand-master of Freema- sons in America; d. Boston, Apr. 26, 1787, a. 52. Webb, Gen. Samcel B., b. Wethers- fieUI, Ct., 1753; d. Claverack, N.Y., Dec. 3, 1807. He was engaged, and wounded in the arm, at Bunker's Hill, and for gallantry on that d.ay was publicly thanked, and made aide to Gen. Putnam. A letter written by him to his step-father Silas Deane, describing that battle, is in the Hist. Soc. of Hartford. In June, 1776, he was app. aide to Washington, and was wounded at White Plains ; he was also wounded at Trenton, and was engaged at Bran- dywine; in 1778 he took com. of the 3d Ct. Ilegt. In crossing to Long Island with Gen. Parsons's expedition in 1779, he, with most of the com., were captured by the British fleet. Released in 1782, he was promoted to the com. of the light inf. upon the retirement of Baron Steuben. Webb, Thomas Smith, past grand-master of the R.I. Grand Lodge; d. 1819. Was the author of some Masonic music and poetry, and of an excellent manual entitled " The Freema- son's Monitor," 1797. The best cd. is by E. T. Carson, 8vo, 1865. — .4//i4on€. 964 Webb, William II., shipbuilder, b. N.Y. Citv 19 June, 1816. Educated at the (jram- niar-scliouls of'N.Y.,and learned his art in the sliipvanl of his father Isaac, who d. 14 Jan. 1840, a. 46. Since 1843 he has carried on the business alone, and has constructed many ves- sels of great speed and capacity, upon original plans. Among them are "The General Ad- miral," a steam-frigate for the Russian navy, two steam screw-frigates for the Italian navy, and the ironclad ram " Dunderberg " for the U. S. navy. Webber, Charles Wilkins, author, b. Russelville, Ky., May 29, 1819; killed in Nica- ragua in 1856, while serving with the filibus- ter Walker. His mother, the dau. of Gen. John Tannehill, a Revol. officer, m. Dr. Au- gustine Webber, a prominent physician of South Ky. Her son's early life was passed in the sports of the field and on the frontier of Texas, where his singular adventures of sever- al years furnished themes for his earlier books, " Old Hicks the Guide," " Shot in the Eve," and " Gold Mines of the Gila," 1849. He stud- ied medicine and then theology at Princeton Sem, but soon relied solely upon his pen. He went to New York at the age of 25, where he wrote a series of papers on " Texan Adven- ture " for the New World, sketches and other papers for the Democ. lieview; edited the Wliirj Iieview2 years ; contrib. to the Literary Woifd pajjers on Western Life and Natural History. He pub. in 1851-3 " The Hunter Naturalist," illustrated; "Spiritual Vampirism;" and "Tales of the Southern Border," 1853; " Wild Scenes and Song-Birds," 1854; " His- tory of Mvsterv," 12mo; "Texan Virago," 1852; "Wild "Girl of Nebraska," 1852. — Duunklnck. Webber, Samuel, T>.T>., pres. of H.U., b. Byfield, Ms., Jan. 13, 1760; d. Cambridge, July 17, 1810. H.U. 1784. At Harv., where he exhibited a strong predilection for mathe- mathics, he studied theology; was in 1787 app. a tutor; succeeded Dr. Williams as prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. in 1789; and on the death of Pres. Willard was inaug. as his successor. May 6, 1806. In 1796 he was em- ployed by the govt, to ascertain the boundary between Can.'\da and the U.S. In 1801 he pub. a System of Mathematics, 2 vols. 8vo ; Eu- logy on President Willard, 1804. He revised the Introd. to Morse's Geography, 2 vols. 8vo, 1796. Vice-pres. of the Amer. Acad., and a fellow of the Philos. Society. Webster, Daniel, LL.D. (N.J. 1818; D. C. 1823; H.U. 1824), statesman, lawyer, and orator, b. Salisbury, N.H., Jan. 18, 1782 ; d. Marshfield, Ms., Oct. 24, 1852. Dartm. Coll. 1801. His father Ebenezer, a Revo], sol- dier, and subsequently a judge, was b. Kings- ton, N.H., 1739; d. April, 1806. Daniel was educated at Phillips (Exeter) Academy and at Dartm. Coll., defraying a portion of the ex- pense by teaching school. In 1802 he taught an acad. at Fryeburg, Me.; then studied law; came to Boston in July, 1804 ; studied in the office of Christopher Gore, afterward gov. of Ms. ; and was adm. to the bar in the spring of 1805. After practising a year in Bo.scawen, N.H., be removed to Portsmouth, where he rose at once to full practice at a bar where Samuel Dexter, Joseph Story, and Jeremiah Mason, were prominent. M.C. in 1813-17, and placed on the com. of foreign affairs, he at once took rank with the foremost both for business and debate. In Aug. 1816 he removed to Boston. The famous Dartm. Coll. case, carried by ap- peal to Washington in 1817, placed him in the front rank of the American bar. Among the great cau.ses argued by him before the U. S. Sup. Court were those of Gibbons and Ogden (steamer monopoly case), that of Ogden and Saunders (State insolvent laws), the Charles- river Bridge Case, the Alabama Bank Case, the Girard Will Case, and the R.I. Charter Case. In the trials of Goodridge at Newbury- port, and the Knapps at Salem, Mr. Webster exhibited unsurpassed skill as a criminal law- yer. Member of the Ms. Const. Conv. of 1820, he spoke upon oaths of office, the basis of sena- torial representation, and the independence of the judiciary. Dec. 22, 1820, he delivered his celebrated discourse at Plymouth on the anniv. of the landing of the Pilgrims. Others of this class of efforts were that on the laying of the corner-stone of the Bunker- hill Monument (June 17, 1825), and at its completion (Junel7, 1843), and the eulogy on Adams and Jefferson, July 4, 1826. He again entered Congress in Dec. 1823; made his famous speech on the Greek Revol. ; and as chairman of the judiciary com. reported and carried through the house a com- plete revision of the criminal law of the U.S. In the 19th Congress he made a masterly :ch.on the proposed diplomatic Congress at 'anama. Under the presidency nf Mr, Adams he was the leader of the friend^ (,| th,- [uimiiiis- tration, — first in the house, ami jlt.i n.n.l m the senate, of which he was a mcinljt-r in l8J7-i9. His great speech in reply to Ilavue, delivered in the senate Jan. 26 anil 27, 1830, on Foote's re.solution, has been declared, next to the Con- stitution itself, the most correct and complete exposition of the true powers and functions of the Federal Govt. This resolution related to the sun-ey of the public lands; and the debate turned on the newly-declared doctrine of Cal- houn, on the right of an individu.il State to nullify an act of Congress. In 1836 he received the electoral vote of Ms. for pres., and in 1840 was app. by Harrison see. of state. While in this post, he negotiated the North-eastern boundary treaty in 1842, putting an end to a protracted and threatening dispute with Great Britain. In the spring of 1839 he visited Eu- rope; in May, 1843, he retired from Mr. Ty- ler's cabinet; was rechosen to the senate in 1845, and strenuously opposed the annexation of Texas and the war with Mexico. In sup- port of the compromises of 18.50, he delivered his celebrated speech of March 7, which, by its concessions to the demands of slavery, proved highly distasteful to a large nnmber of his sup- porters, and weakened his influence at home; in July, 1850, on the accession of Fillmore to the presidency, Mr. Webster was again made sec. of state, which post he filled at the time of his death. In Dec. 1 850 the famous Hulsemann Letter was written. He paid much attention to agriculture, and resided much of the latter part of his life at Marshfield, Ms., or at his birth- speec Pana 965 TVEB place in N.H. In Jan. 1852 he argued the im- poitant India-rubber-patent cause at Trenton, his last great forensic effort. Early in May he was seriously injured by being thrown from liis carriage near his farm in Marshflcld, where the closing scenes of his life were passed. Mr. Webster's person was imposing, of command- ing height, and well-proportioned, the head of great size, the eye deep-seated, large, and lustrous, his voice powerful and sonorous, his action appropriate and impressive. A con- summate master of argument, he touched not less skilfully the chords of feeling. On great occasions, with or without preparation, he had no superior. He was remarkably fond of field- sports, particularly fishing, and was a good shot. The most complete edition of his col- lected works was that of 18.'>1, in 6 vols. 8vo. A Memoir by George T. Curtis, his literary ex- ecutor, app. in 2 vols. 18G9-70. Edward his second son, major of Ms. vols., d. in the city of Me.\ico 1847. Fletcher hisyounuest son,"col. 1 2th Ms. V'ols. (b. Portsmouth, N.H., Julv 23, 181.3, H.U. 1833), fell in battle near Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862 ; sec. of legation to China 1843-5 ; surveyorof the port of Boston 1850-61. Webster, Horace, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1850), LL.D. (Keny. Coll. 1842; Col. Coll. 1849), educator, b. Vt. 1795 ; d. Geneva, N.Y., 12 July, 1871. West P. 1818. Assist, prof, of math. there from 1818 until his resig. 31 Dec. 1825; prof, of math, and nat. philos. Geneva Coll., N.Y., 1825-48 ; principal of Free Acad., N.Y. City (now Coll. of N.Y.), since 19 July, 1848; and prof.of moral, intell., and polit. philos. there. Webster, Lieut.-Col. James, a gallant British soldier, b. ab. 1743; d. March, 1781, of a wound received at the battle of Guilford Mar. 14. Son of Alex. Webster, D.D., an eminent Edinburgh divine. Major 33d Foot, Feb. 1771 ; disting. in Cornwallis's army in the South ; active in the operations in N. J. in 1777; at Verplanck's Point, 1778; and at Cam- den com. Cornwallis's right wing. Webster, Jonx, gov. of Ct. 1656; d. Hadley, 5 Apr. 1661. A principal settler of Hartford, he was a magistrate in 1 639-55 ; dep.- gov. 1655; and in 1659, with Rev. Mr. Rus- sell and his associates, purchased and settled the territory now included in the towns of Hadley, Hatfield, Granby, and Amherst, Ms. Webster, John White, prof, of chemistry and mineralogy Med. School in Boston con- nected with H.U. (1827-49), b. Boston, May 20, 1793; hung for the murder of Dr. George Parkman, Aug. 30, 1850. H.U. 1811. In 1849 Dr. Parkman called at the college to collect a debt of long standing from Webster, wlio, irritated by the language of the doctor, struck him a fatal blow, and endeavored to conceal the body. He pub. a manual of chemistry, and a description of the Island of St. Michael, 1821 ; edited "Playfair's Liebig's Chemistry;" and was co-editor of the Boston Jour, of Philos. and Arts, 182.3-6. Webster, Gen. Joseph Dana, b. Old Hampton, N.H., Aug. 25, 1811. Dartm. Coll. 1832. He became a civil engr. ; was app. 2d lient. topog. engrs. July 7, 1838; 1st lieut. July, 1849; capt. March, 1853. He served with distinction through the Mexican war, but resigned in Apr. 1854, and settled in Chicago. In Apr. 1861 took charge of the fortifications at Cairo, III., and at Paducah; in Feb. 1862 he became col. 1st III. Art., and was present at the capture of I"orts Henrv and Donelson. At the battle of Shiloh he had charge of all the artillery, and received the highest commen- dation in Gen. Grant's official report. Chief of Gen. Grant's staflf until Oct. 1862, when he was detailed by the war dept. to make a sur- vey of the III. and Mich. Canal ; made brig.- gen. of vols. Oct. 14, 1862. Chief of staff to Gen. Sherman; was with Gen Thomas at Hood's defeat before Nashville in Dee. 1864; was with Sherman in his march to the sea; and was made brev. maj.-gen. in 1865. Webster, Noah, LL.D. (Y. C. 1823), jihilologist and publicist, b. W. Hartford, Ct., Oct. 16, 1758; d. N. Haven, May 28, 1843. Y.C. 1778. His ancestor John was one of the first settlers of Hartford. He served under his father, a capt. of militia, during the campaign of 1777. Adm. to the bar in 1781, but in 1782 opened a classical school at Goshen, N.Y. In 1783 he pub. at Hartford his " First Part of a Grammatical Institute of the English Lan- guage," followed by a 2d and 3d part in the next 2 years. " The American Spelling-Book " was pub. in 1783 ; also " Winthrop's Journal," which had till then remained in MS. He also began some political essays in the Ct. Cou- rant. pub. in 1785 as " Sketches of American Policy." The same year, he visited the South- ern States to procure the enactment of State copyright laws ; in 1786 he delivered a course of lectures in the principal American cities on the English language, pub. in 1789 under the title of " Dissertations on theEngli.sh Lan- guage ; " in 1787 he taught an acad. at Phila., and, after the Const. Conv. adjourned, pub. an "Examination of the Leading Principles of the Federal Constitution ; " in 1788 he pub. in N. York for one year, at a heavy loss, the Amer. Marj. Returning to Hartford in 1789, he practised law successfully for some years, but in 1793, at the request of the. tdministration, established for its support in New York a dai- ly called the Minerva, to which he soon added a semi-weekly called the Herald: these were subsequently known as the Commercial Adver- tiser and N. Y. Spectator. His papers, signed " Curtius," ably vindicated Jay's treaty. He removed to N. Haven in 1798, and in 1799 pub. " A Brief History of Epidemics and Pesti- lential Diseases," 2 vols. 8vo ; in 1802 he pub. a work on the rights of neutrals in time of« war, and " Hist. Notices of the Origin and State of Banking Institutions and Insurance OHiccs;"and in 1807 his "Philosophical and Practical Grammar of the English Language." He had in 1806 pub. a " Compendious Dic- tionary;" and in 1807 he commenced the gre.it labor of his life,— -a Dictionary of the English Language. The first edition appeared in 1828 in 2 vols. 4to, a second in 1840 in 2 vols, roy. 8vo. While preparing this work, he re- moved to Amherst, Ms., ami was one of the most active founders of the Amh. College. He also represented the town several years in the State legisl. In New Haven he had been often a member of the legisl., a judge of one of the State courts, and one of the alilcrmcn of tlie city. He returned there in 1822, and visited Europe in 1828. Early in 1843 he pub. "A Collection of Papers on Political, Literary, and Moral Subjects," and an elaborate treatise on " The Supposed Change in tlie Temperature of Winter." His last literary labor was the revision of the Appendix to his Dictionary, which he completed only a few days before his death. Of the "Elementary Spelling-Book " nearly 50,000,000 copies have been sold ; and, during the preparation of the Dictionary, the entire support of his family was derived from its copyright. His Dictionary has been revised since his death by his son-in-law. Prof. Good- rich, and others. Dr. W.'s other works are a " History of the U.S.," revised in 1 838 ; " Letters to a Young Gentleman commencing his Edu- cation," 1823; "Manual of Useful Studies," 1832; "The Prompter;" and a " History of Animals." — Alllbone. Webster, Pelatiah, political writer, b. Lebanon, Ct., 1725; d. Phila. Sept. 1795. Y.C. 1746. He studied theologv,and preached at Greenwich, Ms., in the winter of 1748-9; was afterward a raercliant in Phila. ; was an active Whig during the Revol., and suffered both in person and estate, having been confined in the city jail 132 days. In Oct. 1776 he pub. his tirst essay, urging taxation for the re- demption of Cont. money ; in 1779-85 he pub. a series of " Essays on Free Trade and Fi- nance; " in 1783 "A Dissertation on the Po- litical Union and Constitution of the 13 Unit- ed States of N. A. ;" in 1791 he pub. "Po- litical Essays on the Nature and Operation of Money, Public Finances," &c., 8vo, Philadel- phia. — Ouijckinck. Webster, Rev. Richard, Presb. clergy- man, b. Albanv, 14 July, 1811; d. Mauch Chunk, Pa., 19June, 18.56. Un. Coll. 1829. Princet. Sem. 1834. Son of Charles R. Web- ster, bookseller of Albany. Ord. 29 Apr. 1835 ; pastor of Mauch Chunk until his death. Au- thor of " Hist, of the Presb. Church," 8vo, 1 856. Wedderburne, Alexander, Baron Loughborough (1780) and Earl of Rosslyn (180l), b. Edinburgh, Feb. 13. 1733 ; d. Baylcs, Berkshire, Jan. 3,1805. U. of Edinburgh. He was called to the Scottish bar at 19 ; removed to London ; entered the Inner Temple in 1753 ; was adm. to the English bar in 1757 ; and was specially disting. in the great Douglas case in 1768-9. As a member of parliament he was an able supporter of Grenville and Lord North ; became solicitor-gen. Jan. 26, 1771, and was conspicuous in defence of Lord Clive. In Jan. 1774, when the petition of Massachusetts for the removal of Hutchinson and Oliver was laid before the privy council, Wedderburne defended them in a speech in which he made a gross and insulting attack upon Franklin, the agent of the petitioners. In 1778 he was made atty.- gen., and in 1780 chief justice C. C. P. ; in April, 1783, he assisted North in forming the famous coalition ministry, in which he was the first commiss. of the great seal. In Jan. 27, 1793-1801, he was lord high chancellor under Mr. Pitt. When George III. heard that he was dead, he remarked, " He has not left a greater knave behind him in my dominions." Weed, Gem. Stephen H., b. N.Y. 18S4; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. A graduate of the N.Y. Free Acad. West Point, 1854. Served against the Western Indians 1857-60; and, when the Rebellion broke out, was made a capt. of artillery. He seiTCd under McClellan on the Peninsula, at Manassas, at South Mountain, and Antietam; and was made brig.-gen. 6 June, 1863, for gallantry at Chanccllorsville, Va. At the time of his death, he com. the 3d brigade of regulars. Weed, TuuRLOW, journalist and politi- , cian, b. Cairo, N.Y., Nov. 15, 1797. At 10 he ^- '^■-' ' , was a cabin-boy upon the Hudson River; at 12 rti);/] ^^ ^ he entered a printing-oflii-c at Cat.-kill ; was em- ' ployed in several different newspa|jer-offices ; was a vol. on the northern frontier in the war of 1812; established a newspaper in his own name on coming of age ; edited the Anti-Ma- sonic Enquirer in 1 826-7 ; and was twice elect- ed to the Assembly. His tact as a party man- ager, and his sen'iecs in 1827-30 in securing the election of De Witt Clinton as gov., led to his selection as a competent person to oppose to the " Albany Regency," a body who had the management of the Democ. party in N.Y. In 1830 he accordingly removed to Albany, and assumed the editorship of the Albany Evening Journal. Although a leader, first of the Whig, and afterward of ^hc Republican party, ho de- clined all political office. He was ])rominent in procuring the nominations of Harrison in 1836 and 1840, of Gen. Taylor in 1848, and of Gen. Scott in 1 852. He-w.armly advocated the election of Fremont in 1856, and of Lincoln in 1860, although he had advocated the nomina- tion of Mr. Seward. He visited Europe in Nov. 1861 in a semi-diplomatic capacity; re- turned home in June, 1862, and shortly after- ward withdrew from the Journal. He pub- lished "Letters from Europe and the West Indies," 8vo, 1866; Reminiscences, in the At- lantic Monthhj, 1870; and has contributed to periodicals. Weedon, Gen. George, Revol. officer, was an innkeeper and postmaster of Fredericks- burg, Va., and an active and zealous politi- cian before the war. Made lieut.-col. 3d Va. Regt. Feb. 13, col. 1st Regt. 12 Aug., 1776; and 24 Feb., 1777, brig.-gen. He was in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown, but, in consequence of some dissatisfaction about rank, left the sen-ice while the army was at Valley Forge. At Brandywine he commanded the brigade in Greene's division which rendered such valuable service by stopping the British pursuit, and saving the routed army. He re- sumed the com. oi'a brigade in 1780, and com. the Va. militia at Gloucester during the siege of Yorktown in Oct. 1781. Weeks, John M., b. Litchfield, Ct., 22 Mav, 1788; d. Salisbury, Vt. (whither his parents removed in 1789), 1 Sept. 1853. Au- thor of " Manual on Bees," 1854 ; " History of Salisbury, Vt.," with Memoir of the au- thor, 1860. Inventor of the Vt. Beehive (18.36); a eontrib. to agric. journals ; and left in MS. a History of the Five Nations. Weems, Mason L.^an eccentric clergy- man and author, b. Dumfries, Va. ; d. Beau- fort, S.C, May 23, 1825. He studied theology UC^-^^ 967 "WKL in London, and was many years rector of Mt. Vernon parish (at the time Washington at- tended there), and subsequently a book-agent for Matthew Carey of Fhila. He travelled extensively over the Southern States in this capacity, mingling with the people at large assemblies and at courts, drawing crowds of listeners, whom he would address upon the merits of his works, interspersing his remarks with anecdotes and humorous sallies. He wrote and sold a pamphlet entitled " The Drunkard's Looking-Glass," illustrated by cuts. With this in hand, he entered taverns, and, addressing the inmates, would mimic the extravagances of an inebriate, and sell the pamphlet. He was a man of much benevolence and wit. Author of Lives of Marion, Frank- lin, Penn, and Washington, the latter of which passed through 30 or 40 editions. Others of his tracts were " Hymen's Recruiting Sergeant," " God's Revenge against Murder," " God's Revenge against Adultery." For his " Life of Marion," Horry, one of Marion's companions, furnished the facts. The romantic manner in which his statements were served up led to a corresp. between the two authors. Weightman, Col. RiCH.A.nD Hansox, b. Md. ; killed at the battle of Wilson's Creek, Mo., Aug. 10, 1861. Son of Gen. Weightman. Expelled from West Point in April, 1837, for cutting a brother-cadet in the face in a personal rencounter. With the same knife he killed the Santa Fe' trader, F. X. Xaubrey, in a quarrel. Capt. of Mo. art., and disting. under Col. Doniphan at the battle of Sacramento, Mcx. ; paymaster U.S.A. 1848-9; provis. U.S. sena- tor from New Mex. 1850 ; M.C. from N. Mex. 1851-3; col. Mo. State Guard; disting. at Carthage 5 Julv, 1861 ; and com. a brigade at Wilson's Creek. Weir, James, b. Greenville, Ky., 1821. Author of " Lena Powers," a romance, 1850 ; "Simon Kenton," 1853; " Winter Lodge," a sequel, 1854 ; " Sacred and Profane Literature." Also prose and poetry in periodicals. — Al- liUme. Weir, ROBEKT Walter, painter, b. New Rochclle, N.Y., June 18, 1803. At the age of 19 he became a painter. After a 3-years' resi- dence in Italy, he returned home in 1827; practised his art in N.Y. ; was prof, of per- spective in the Nat. Acad, of Design, 1830-4 ; and 8 May, 1834, succeeded C. R. Leslie as instructor in drawing at West Point, which post he still holds. Among his works are " The Embarkation of the Pilgrims," in the rotunda of the capitol at Washington, " Red Jacket," " The Antiquary introducing Lovel to his Womankind," " Bourbon's Last March," " The Landing of Hendrick Hudson,"" Colum- bus before the Council of Salamanca," " The Indian Captives," " The Presentation in the Temple," " The Dving Greek," " The Old Merchant," " Devotion," and " The Taking of the Veil." Weiss, Rev. John, b. Boston, June, 1818. H.U. 1837. He has been pastor of a Unit, church at N. Bedford, and at Watertown, Ms., where he now resides, without any settled charge. Author of "Henry of Alterdingen," a transl., 1842; "The Philos. and iEsthetic Letters of Schiller," 1845; "Smith's Memoir of Fichte," 1846 ; "Life and Corresp. of Thco. Parker," 2 vols. 8vo, 1864; "American Reli- gion," 1870; and occas. sermons and addresses Contrib. to many magazines and periodicals. Lecturer on various topics, including old myths. Weissenfels, Frederick H., baron de, b. Prussia; d. N. Orleans, May 14, 1806, a. 78. He had been an officer in the British service; settled- in Duchess Co., N.Y., in 17G3; app. lieut.-col. 3d N.Y. batt. Mar. 8, 1776; after- wards com. the 2d N.Y. batt. at White Plains, Trenton, at the surrender of Burgoyne, and in the battle of Monmouth. He accomp. Sul- livan's exped. in 1779, and fought at Newtown. Impoverished by the war, he filled a minor office in the police at the time of his death. — Houijlt's Northern Invasion. Weitzel (wit'-sel), Gen. Godfrey, b. Cincinnati, 0., Nov. 1, 1835. West Point (2d in his class), 1855. Brev. 2d lieut. ofengrs. ; 1st lieut. July 1, 1860; capt. Mar. 3, 1863; maj. Aug. 8, 1866. Attached to the staff of Gen. Butler in the dept. of the Gulf, he became assist, military com. and acting mayor of N. Orleans after its capture ; brig.-gen. of vols. 29 Aug. 1862; maj.-gen. 17 Nov. 1864; Oct. 27, 1862, routed a large force of the enemy at Labadie- ville, for which he was brev. maj.'U.S.A. He com. the advance in Gen. Banks's operations in April-May, 1863 ; was at the siege and capture of Port Hudson ; com. division 19th corps in the Lafourche and West La. campaigns, July- Dec. 1863 ; com. 2d div. 18th corps, and chief engr. Array of the James, May-Sept. 1864; was chief engr. with Gen. Butler in the opera- tions near Petersburg and Richmond, Va. ; com. the 18th corps, and repulsed attack on Fort Harrison, Sept 30, 1864 ; and from Dec. to 4 Feb. 1865 com. the 25th colored corps; second in com. of first exped. to Fort Fisher. Engaged in the final operations around Rich- mond, he first entered that city, Apr. 3, 1865. Brevs. of col. 8 July, 1863, for Port Hudson, brig, and maj. gen. 13 Mar. 1865. — CuUuin. Welby, Amelia B. (Coppiick), poetess, b. St. Michaels, Md., Feb. 3, 1819 ; d. Louisville, Ky., May 3, 1852. She removed with her fa- ther to the West in 18.34, and resided at Lex- ington and Louisville, where she was ra. to Mr. George Welby in 1838. Her first poem was contrib. to the Louisville Journal in 1837. The first collection of her poems was pub. Boston, 1845, the second in 1846, and the latest in 1860. "Poems bv Amelia" were pub. in 1850, illus- trated by R. W. Weir. Welch, Rev. Bartholomew Trow, D.D., a Baptist preacher of great eloquence, b. Boston, 24 Sept. 1794 ; d. Newtonville, N.Y., 9 Dec. 1870. He entered the ministry in 1824; was settled in Albany in 1828-48; and in 1848-54 was pastor of the Picrrepont- strect Church, Brooklyn, New Y'ork. Weld, Horatio Hastings, b. Boston, 1811. Some years a printer, then editor of journals in Lowell, Boston, N.Y., and Phila. Has contrib. largely to the periodical press. Adm. to orders in the Prot.-Episc. Ch. 1845. Author of " Corrected Proofs," 1837 ; " Bcnj. Franklin, an Autoh.," 1849; "Life of Christ," 1850; "Scripture Quotations," 1850; "Sacred 968 Poetical Quotations," 1851 ; " Star of Bethle- hem," 1852, kc. — AUihone. Weld, Isaac, son of Isaac of Dublin, b. there 1774; d. 1856. In his youth ho trav- elled extensively in America and Europe ; was 56 years connected with the Royal Dublin So- ciety, of which he was long sec. and vico-prcs. Author of " Travels through North America, 1795-7," Lond., 4to, 1799; "Illustrations of the Scenery of Killarney," &c., 1807. — Alli- bone. Welde, Thomas, first minister of Rox- bury, Ms. ; d. Eng. 23 Mar. t661. Camb. U., Eng., 1613-18. He was a minister in Tcrlin^, Essex, before coming to America. Arriving in Boston, June 5, 1632, in July he took the pas- toral care of the church in Roxbury. In 1639 he assisted Mather and Eliot in making " The Tuneful New-England Version of the Psalms." Sent in 1641 with Hugh Peters to Eng. as an agent for the province, he never returned. He settled at Gateshead, but was ejected in 1662. Author of " An Answer to W. R.'s Narration of the Opinions and Practices of the N.E. Churches," 1644. He rcpub., with a preface, and an address to the reader, an anonymous work, changing its title to " A Short Story of the Rise, Reign, and Ruin of the Antinomians, Familists, and Libertines that infected the Churches of N.E.," 4to, 1644. His son Thom- as, minister of Dunstable, d. 1702, a. 50. Weller, John B., Democ. politician, b. Ohio. M.C. in 1839-45; was lieut.-col. of rey ; was the first U.S. commiss. to Mexico un- der the treaty of Guadaloupe-Hidalgo ; and, having taken up his residence in Cal., was U.S. senator in 1851-7; gov. in 1858-60; app. min- ister to Mexico, Dec. 1860; delegate to the Chicago Convention in 1864. Welles, Gideon, sec. U.S.N. 1861-9, b. Glastenbtiry, Ct., July 1, 1802. Descended from Thomas, the first"treasurer, and aftenvard gov. of Ct. He studied at the Episc. Acad, in Cheshire and at the Norwich U. Studied law under Judges Williams and Ellsworth ; and in 1826 became editor and a proprietor of the Hartford Times, a Democ. paper. He advo- cated the election of Jackson to the presidency ; was a member of the legisl. in 1827-35; was then app. comptroller of public accounts ; was postmaster of Hartford 1836-41 ; was State comptroller in 1842; and in 1846-9 was chief of one of the bureaus of the navy dent. He gave up the management of the Times m 1 837. He opposed the introduction of slavery into new tenitory, and became identified with the Repub. party on its organization in 1855, and was chau-man of the Ct. delegation at the Chi- cago Conv. in 1860. For nearly 30 years he was a frequent contrib. to the Globe and Union, Washington, Eveninq Post, N.Y., and, since 1856, to the Hartfori Press. WeUing, James C, LL.D., pres. of Co- lumbia Coll., D.C. (inducted 6 Nov. 1871), b. Trenton, N. J., 14 July, 1825. N. J. Coll. 1844. Removing to N.Y. City in 1848, he became correspondent and lit. editor of the Nat. Intelli- gntcrr of Washington, D.C. ; was assoc. ed. in 1855-Jan. 1865; and was its principal con- ductor during the civil war. In 1865 he vis- ited Europe for his health. Pres. of St. John's Coll., Annapolis, Md., Sept. 1807-70; and was prof, of belles-lettres in N.J. Coll. in 1870-1. Dr. W. has contrib. to the N. A. Review and other literary periodicals, and is said to be now engaged on the " Life and Times " of the late President Buchanan. Wells, David Ames, b. Springfield, Ms., June, 1828. Wms. Coll. 1847; Camb. Seient. School, 1851. Assist, prof. Camb. Scientific School 1851-2 ; engaged in practical chemis- try in Boston with Dr. A. A. Hayes in 1853- 5 ; patented in 1856 several improvements in bleaching ; in 1857-8 was a memberof the pub- lishing firm of G. P. Putnam & Co. ; vi-ited Europe in 1862 and again in 1867 on a mission by the U.S. govt.; special U.S. commiss. reve- nue 1866-70. Co-editor " History of Williams Coll.," 1 847 ; editor of " Things not Generally Knoivn," &c. ; " Annual of Scientific Discov- ery," 1850-65; author of "Report on th' Soils of the Scioto Valley," 1851; "On Flax," 1854; "Year-Book of Agriculture," 1856; "Familiar Science," 1855; "Science of Com- mon Things," 1857; "Elements of Nat. Phi- los.," 1857; "Principles of Chemistry," 1S58; "Principles of Geology," 1861 ; " Our Burden and Our Strength," 1864. Contrib. to many scientific periodieals. Wells, HoKACE, dentist, one of the claim- ants of the discoverv of anaesthesia, b. Hart- ford, Vt., Jan. 21, l'815; d. N. Y. Citv, Jan. 24, 1848. After an academical education, he began the study of dentistry in Boston in 1 834, 1)ut removed to Hartford in 1836. As early as 1840 he experimented upon the possibility of preventing pain in dental operations by various narcotics. In 1844 he used nitrous-oxide gas successfully for the extraction of teeth, and in Dec. 1844 addressed the medical class of Dr. Warren in Boston on the subject. After the application of Drs. Jackson and Morton for a patent, in Sept. 1845, Dr. Wells sailed for Fr.ance, and succeeded in convincing the Medi- cal Society of Paris that he had made a valua- ble discovery, as is shown by resolutions adopted by them after a 3-days' discussion. He returned in the spring of 1 847, and in March pulj. a his- tory of his discovery. The controversy which ensued impaired his already enfeebled health, and produced mental aberration, under the influ- ence of which he committed suii iile. The evi- dence of his claim was jilaeed belore Congress in 1853 by Hon. Truman Smith, and was sub- sequently pub. under the- title of " An Exami- nation of the Question of Anaesthesia," N.Y. I860.— 5ee a/so nr*. "Morton, IF. T. G." Wells, Samuel, gov. 1856-7, and some years judge Sup. Court, of Me., b. N.II. about 1805, d. Boston, 15 July, 1868. Wells, William Chakles, M.D. (U. of Edinl). 1780), F.R.S. (1793), naturalLt, b. Charleston, S.C, May, 1757 ; d. Sept. 18, 1817. Son of Robert, bookseller of Charleston, pub. of the Gazette, and a loyalist, who pub. a trav- esty of Virgil ; d. Lond. 1794, a. 66. After completing his studies abroad, he returned to Charleston early in 1781 , and, while there, acted at the same time as a printer, a bookseller, and a merchant. In Dec. 1782, on his anival with 969 ; king's troops at St. Augnstine, E. Fla., he ted the first weekly newspaper that had ap- peared in that province, and also became capt. of loyalist vols".; in 1784 he settled in Lon'd., and in 178S was adni. a licentiate of the Coll. of Physicians ; in 1 790 he was elected physician to the Finsbury Dispensary ; in I79S assist, phy- sician to, and in 1800 one of the physicians of, St. Thomas's Hospital. His celebrated essa^ on Dew app. in Aug. 1814, and established his pliilos. reputation. In the same year he was adm. a member of the Royal Soc. of Edinb. ; and in 1SI6 was presented by the Royal Soc. of London with the gold and silver Rumford medals. He also pub. in 1792 an essay upon Single Vision with Two Eyes, and in 1780-1 several small political pieces without his name, and an account of Henry Laurens, under the signature of " Marius," in the Public Advertiser. A vol. of his works, containing essays on Vis- ion and Dew, was pub. in London in 1816. Wells, William Harvey, b. Tolland, Ct., 1812. Some time principal State Norm. School, Westfield, Ms. ; subseq. supt. public schools, Chicago. Author of " Grammar of the Eng. Lang.," 184G; "Elem. Eng. Grammar," 1848; " Graded Course of Instr.," 1862. Editor Ms. Teacher. Contiib. to educ. journals. — Allibone. Wells, William Vincent, author, b. Boston, Jan. 2, 1826. Educated in the Boston schools ; afterward in the merchant-service, and 4 times wrecked; and went in 1849 to Califor- nia, where he built and com. the first steamboat seen there. He pub. " Walker's Expedition to Nicaragua," 1856; "Explorations and Adven- tures in Honduras," 1857 ; and "Life of Sam- Adams" (his ancestor), 3 vols. 8vo, 1865, with his letters, writings, and State papers. Mr. Wells has owned and edited several news- papers in San Francisco. Contrib. to Harper's illiif/. and Wcekli/; and coiTesp. from abroad with various journals. Late consul-gen. at Honduras. — Duyckincl: Wemyss, Feancis Codrtnev, actor and manager, b. London, May 13, 1797 ; d. New York, Jan. 5, 1 859. He app. at the Adclphi, London, Apr. 2, 1821 ; and made his debut at the Chcstnut-st., Phila., Dec. 11, 1822, as Vap- id in " The Dramatist." Author of " Chro- nology of the Amer. Stage," 12mo, 1S52; "26 Years of the Life of an Actor and Manager," 2 vols. 1847. He edited the "Minor Drama," 7 vols. I2mo. Wendell, John L., reporter N.Y. Sup. Court, b. 1784 ; d. Hartford, Ct., 13 Dec. 1861. Author of the Law Reports of N.Y. 1828-41, 26 vols.; "Digest Sup. Court Reports 1828- 35," 8vo, 1836. Wentworth, Benning, gov. of N. H. (1734-67), oldest son of Lieut.-Gov. John of Dover, b. Portsmouth, N.H., July 24, 1696; d. there Oct. 14, 1770. H.U. 1715. He was a merchant; frequently a representative in the Assembly; and was app. a councillor, Oct. 12, 1734. In 1749 he commenced making grants of land on the W. side of the Ct. River, in what is now Southern Vt. Tliis domain was claimed by N.Y., occasioning the collision, so famous in the history of Vt., respecting the " New-Hampshire Grants." The town of Ben- nington, Vt., was named in his honor. He gave to Dartm. Coll. 500 acres of land, on which its building-s were erected. Wentworth, Col. John, jurist, b. Dover, N.H., 30 Mar. 1719; d. 17 May, 1781. Great- grandson of Wm. of Dover. MembLr Icgisl. 1768-75, and speaker in 1771 ; chairmtm of the Revol. com. of corresp., and pres. of the first couv. held in 1774; State councillor 1776-81 ; judge of C.C.P. for Strafford Co. 1773-G ; and judge Sup. Court 1776-81. His son John, Jun. (b. 17 July, 1745, d. Dover, 10 Jan, 1787, H.U. 1768), was an active Revol. patriot; member legisl. 1776-80; member com. of safe- ty ; deleg. to the Cont. Congress 1778-9, and a signer of the Art. of Confed. ; councillor 1780- 4, and senator 1 784-7. Wentworth, Sir John, LL.D. (Oxon. 1766), gov. N.H. 1766-75, bart. 1795, b. Ports- mouth, N.II., 9 Aug. 1737 ; d. Halifax, N.S., 8 Apr. 1 820. H.U. 1 755. Son of Mark Ilunk- ing, councillor of N.H., who d. 27 Dee. 1785, and nephew of Gov. Benning. Sent in 1765 to Eng. a-s agent of the Province, he attracted the favorable notice of tlie Marquis of Rocking- ham, who procured him his app. of gov. ; also that of surveyor of the king's woods in Amer., worth £700 per annum. At the outbreak of the Revol. in 1 775, he went to Eng. Licut.-gov. of Nova Scotia 14 May, 1792-1803. lie gave its charter to Dartm. Coll., encouraged the agric. and promoted the settlement of N.H., and possessed talents of a high order. In 1 769 ho m. his cousin Mrs. Atkinson. Their son. Sir Charles Mary, d. April, 1844. Wentworth, John, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1867), journalist and politician, grandson of John, jun., b. Sandwich, N.H., March 5, 1815. Dartm. Coll. 1836. Removed to 111. in Oct. 1 836, and edited the Chicago Democrat till July, 1861. In 1841 he studied law at Camb. Law School ; was adm. to the bar in 1 84 1 ; and was M.C. in 1843-51, 185-3-5, and 1865-7. lie was an adherent of the Democ. party and of Mr. Douglas until the repeal of the Mis- souri Compromise, and afterward Republican. Mayor of Chicago in 1857, and took a leading part in the Const. Con v. of 1861. Author of a " History of the Family of Wentworth," 2 vols. Svo, 1870. Wentworth, William, nn eariy colonist of N.H., progenitor of all of the nnmc in the U.S., b. Eng. ab. 1610; d. Dover, N.H., Mar. 16, 1697. He was a follower of Rev. John Wheelwiight, and, with that clergyman and 33 others, signed, Aug. 4, 1639, " A combination for a govt, at Exeter, N.H." He removed to Wells, Me., and from thence to Dover, where he was a ruling elder in the church, preaching olt( " _ ■ ". Exeter as late as 1693. men till in saving Heard's garrison from the Indians. Werden, Reed, commo. U.S.N., b. Pa. Feb. 28, 1817. Pliila. Naval School, 1840. Midshipm. Jan. 9, 1834; lieut. Feb. 27, 1847; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866; commo. 1871. Com. a party of seamen at the capture of Tuspan, Mex., 1847 ; com. steamer " Stars and Stripes " at capture of Roanoke Island and Newbern ; fleet-capt. E. Gulf block, squadron, 1864-5; com. "Powhatan," and 970 blockaded Confed. ram " Stonewall " in Ha- vana until surrendered to the Spanish govt. — Wereat, John, patriot of Ga. ; d. Bryan Co. 1798. He was an early and decided ad- vocate of liberty. Member of the first Prov. Congress in 1775; speaker in 1776 ; and after the fall of Savannah in 1779, as pres. of the exec, council, exercised the functions of gov. ; pres. of the conv. which ratified the Federal Constitution at Augusta, Jan. 2, 1788. WertmuUer, Adolpii Ulric, painter, b. Stockholm, 1750; d. near Marcus Hook, Pa., Oct. 5, 181 1. He studied and pursued his profession in Paris some years, and came to Phila. in 1794, hut returned to Europe in 1796. He returucd to Phila. in 1800, and obtained an income by exhibiting his picture of Danae, which he sold for $1,500. He left a portrait of Washington. Wesley, Charles, poet and clergyman, b. Epworth, Dec. 18, 1708; d. London, March 29, 1788. Oxford U. 1732. He was a con- spicuous member of the small religious society from which Arminian-Methodisra may be said to have sprung; and in 1735, after having been ord. deacon and priest, accompanied his bro. John on a mission to Ga. in the capacity of sec. to Gov. Oglethorpe. He labored assiduously as a preacher among the Indians and colonists ; returned to Eng. in 1736 ; and soon after com- menced his brilliant and successful career as a Methodist preacher. His sons Charles and Samuel acquired great reputation for their musical talents. Of the hymns now in use by the Wesleyans, 625 are by'Charles Wesley. A vol. of his sermons, with a Memoir, was pub. 1816; Journal, with notes by Rev. Thomas Jackson, 1841,2 vols of ire, June 17, 1703; d. Mar. 2, 1791. Oxf. U. 1726. Son of Samuel, rector of Epworth. Disting. at Oxford by his adroitness in argu- ment, as well as his classical and theological attainments. Ord. deacon in 1725. In 1730 he and his brother Charles, with a few other students, formed themselves into a small society on principles of greater austerity and devotion than prevailed in the university, receiving the name of Methodists. He soon became leader of the association, and upon the death of his father in 1735, during which year the cele- brated Whitefield joined his society, accomp. Oglethorpe to Ga. to preach the gospel among the settlers and Indians. For some time, his labors as a preacher promised to be successful ; but he soon rendered himself offensive to the colonists by his severe and injudicious conduct. He passed six months in Georgia without pos- sessing a single shilling. His ascetic practices andnumerouseccentricitiescreated some doubts as to thesolidity of his judgment. On his return to Eng. early in 1738 he commenced itinerant preaching, and gathered many followers. The churches being shut against him, he built spa- cious meeting-houses in London, Bristol, and other places. For some time he was united with VVhitefield ; but, differences arising upon the doctrine of election, they separated, and the Methodists were denominated according to Wesley, John, the celebrated founde the sect of Methodists, b. Epworth, in Lini their respective leaders. Wesley was indefati- gable in his labors, and almost continually engaged in travelling over England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. He pub. some vols, of hymns, numerous sermons, political tracts, and controversial treatises. He was the most successful preacher of modern times, and was the law-giver, as well as the apostle, of Ar- minian-Methodism. WesselS, Gen. Henry Walton, b. Litch- field, Ct., Feb. 20, 1809. West Point, 1833. He studied at the milit. school of Capt. Partridge atMiddletown ; entered the 2(1 Int. in 1833; en- gaged in Seminole war, Fla., 1837-42; 1st lieut. 7 July, 1838 ; capt. 16 Feb. 1847; hrev. major Aug. "20, 1847, lor gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, and in the former battle wounded ; major 6th Inf. June 6, 1861 ; brig.-gcn. of vols. April 25, 1862. He served in the Peninsular campaign, and wounded at Fair Oaks 31 May, 1862; in defence of Suffolk, Va., Sept.-Dec. 1862 ; in N.C. Dec. 1862 to 20 Apr. 1864, and engaged in combats of Kinston 14 Dec, Goldsborough 17 Dec, and defence of New- bern; com. at defence of Plymouth, May, 1863, to Apr. 22. 1864, where, after four days' hard fighting, he was taken prisoner ; brev. col. and brig.-gen. U.S.A. for gallant and merit, services during the Rebellion ; lieut.-eol. Feb. 16, 1865 ; retired I Jan. 1871. — Culluin. Wesson, James, col. Revol. army ; d. Marlborough, Ms., 15 Oct. 1809, a. 72. Maj. in L. Baldwin's regt. at the siege of Boston; raised and com. the 9th Ms. Regt. ; and disting. at Saratoga and at Monmouth, where he was severely wounded by a cannon-ball. West, Benjamin, LL. D. (B. U. 1792), mathcm. and astron., b. Rchoboth, Ms., Mar. 1730; d. Providence, R.I., 13 Aug. 1813. Re- moving to Providence in 1753, he was a book- seller there until the Revol.; then manuf. clothing for the Cont. soldiers, all the while prosecuting his scientific studies. He pub. an almanac there in 1763-93; furnished a paper on the transit of Venus and Mercury in 1769 for the Roy. Soc. of Lond. ; was made a fellow of the Anicr. Academy of Arts and Sciences ill 1781 ; was prof, of mathem. in the Pr.-Ep. Sem. at Phila. in 1784-6; prof, of mathcm. and nat. philos. in B.U. 1786-99; postmaster of P. 1812-13. West, Benjamin, a celebrated painter, b. near Springfield, Pa., Oct. 10, 1738; d. Lon- don, March 10, 1820. His parents were Qua- kers ; but, perceiving in their son an innate pro- pensity for the art of drawing, they allowed him to cultivate his talents in opposition to the rigid principles of their sect. Accordingly, after having for a short time served as a sol- dier under Gen. Forbes, West removed to Phila. in 1756, and commenced portrait-paint- ing, which profession he subsequently exercised in New York; in 1760 he visited Italy and France, and remained some time at Paris ; in 1763 he arrived in Eng.', and met such encour- agement that he took up his permanent resi- dence there. By the order of George lU., he executed his picture of " The Departure of Regulus from Rome," which procured him much reputation. At the foundation of the Royal Acad, in 1768, he became a member, 971 "WTIA. and in 1792 succeeded Sir Joshua Reynolds as pres. Among the earlier productions of his pencil, that which attracted most notice was liis painting of "The Death of Gen. Wolfe," which, by representing for the first time in an historical picture the modern costume, occa- sioned a revolution in art. The British Insti- tution presented him with 3,000 guineas for a painting of " Christ Healing the Sick." One of the latest of his great works was a represen- tation of " Death on the Pale Horse, from the Revelation. In 1817 he lost his wife, a Miss Shewell of Phila. As a painter he is celebrated for gracefulness of execution and harmony of coloring. — See Life 6y J. Gait, 8vo, Phila. 1816. West, .Samuel. D.D. (H.U. 1793), minis- ter i.t \ru l;, .ii.,ii|, Ms., b. Yarmouth, March 4, 17 : : ' , oil, R.I., Sept. 24, 1807. H. I i , I , 111 in early life in farming. Hi'j ill i :,,_,! In i- .; Mjine discerning neighbors to give liiiii a liberal education. He was ord. ab. 1764. In 1765 he became a partisan of the Whigs ; wrote forcibly for the newspapers ; and deciphered the treasonable letter of Dr. Church. He was a member of the conv. for framing the constitution of Ms., and for the adoption of that of the U. S. ; and was a mem- ber of the Academies of Sciences at Phila. and at Boston. He was an original thinker and an independent inquirer. He pub. some sermons, and " Essays on Liberty and Necessity," 1793- 5, — a reply to Edwards on the Will. West, Stephen, D.D. (Dartm. 1792), cler- gyman, b. Tolland, Ct., Nov. 13, 1735; d. Stockbridge, Ms., May 15, 1819. Y. C. 1755. In 175G he taught a school in Hatfield, Ms. He was chaplain at Hoosick Fort in 1757 ; suc- ceeded Jonathan Edwards in the Indian mis- sion at Stockbridge in 1768; and was pastor of the Cong, church there from June 15, 1759, to 1770. From an Arrainian he then became an lIo|)kinsian. Besides sermons and other pamphlets, he pub. "An Essay on Moral Agen- cy," 1 772, enlarged ed. 1794; " Duty and Obli- gation of Christians to Marry only in the Lord," 1779; "An Essay on the "Scripture Doctrine of the Atonement," 1785 ; "An In- quiry into the Ground and Import of Infant Baptism," 1794; "Life of Rev. Samuel Hop- kins, D.D.," 1805 ; and "Evidences of the Di- vinity of Christ," 1816. West, William E., portrait-painter; d. Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 2, 1857. After an ardu- ous career as a portrait-painter in the West and South, and several years of study in Italy, he went to London, where his "Annette de I'Arbre," exhibited at the Royal Acad., brought him into notice, and where he lived many years. An unfortunate speculation led to his return to the U.S. ; and he subsequently re- sided in Now York until the infirmities of ago caused him to take up his abode with Ins kin- dred at Nashville. While in Italjf, he painted Byron and the Countess Guiccioli. Among his pictures is "The Confessional," "The Pride of the Village," portraits of Mrs. Hcm- ans, Thos. Swan, &c. — Tuckerman. WestCOtt, Thompson, editor Phila. Sun- daij Despatch since its beginning in 1848, b. Phila. 1820. Adm. to the Phila. bar 1841. Author of a Life of .John Fitch, 1857 ; " Tax- Payer's Guide," 1 864 ; " Names of Persons, &c., with a History of the Test Laws of Pa.," 8vo, 1865; "Chronicles of the Great Rebel- lion," originally compiled for the Old Frank- lin Almanac. He is preparing a history of the city of Phila. — Allibone. Wetherill, Samdel, 1736-1816; b. Bur- lington, N.J. An early resident of Phila., where he was an eminent manufacturer, and a preacher of the society of Free Quakers. Pub. " An Apology for the Religious Society called Free Quakers," a tract on the " Divinity of Christ," and other theol. treatises. — Simpson. Wetmore, Alphosso, capt. U.S.A. Au- thor of " Gazetteer of Mo.," 1837. App. from N.Y. ensign 23d Inf. 14 Apr. 1812; lost an arm in the exped. under Col. Winder to the Canada shore, below Fort Erie, 28 Nov. 1812; capt. Dec. 1819; res. May, 1833; d. St. Louis, 13 June, 1849. His son Leonidas, capt. U.S.A., and disting. in Fla. and Mexico, d. Mo. 18 Oct. 1849. Wetmore, Prosper Montgomery, au- thor, b. Stratford, Ct., 14 Feb. 1798. In his 9th year he removed with his parents to N. York; entered a counting-room, and engaged in mer- cantile pursuits. He began to wiite for the magazines in 1816; and in 1830 pub. "Lex- ington, with Other Fugitive Poems; "in 1832 he delivered a poem on "Ambition" before one of the literary societies of N. York; in 1833 he edited the poems of James N.ick. Regent of the U. of N.Y. in 1833; he promoted the public-school system as chairman of the com. on colleges and academies in the State legisl. in 1834-5; pres. of the American Art Union, which he soon made a national institution ; and a most active member and supporter of the N.Y. Hist. Society; many years paymaster-gen. of the State militia. Author of " Observations on the War with Mexico," 8vo, 1847. — See Wi'tmore Family; Dutfckinck. Wharton, Charles Henrt, D.D., Epis. clergyman and scholar, b. St. Mary's Co., Md., June 5, 1748; d. Burlington, N. J., July 22, 1833. His parents being Catholics, he was sent in 1760 to St. Omer's, in 1762 to Bruges, and subsequently resided some years at Liege, partly as a scholar, and partly as a tutor in mathematics. Returning to America, he visit- ed Phila. in 1784 for the purpose of publishing his celebrated letter to the Roman Catholics of the city of Worcester. After joining the Epis. Church, he officiated at Newcastle, Del., subse- quently in the Swedish Church at Wilmingtot), and finally at St. Mary's Church, Burlington, N. J., of which he was rector 35 years. In 1805 , he was pres. of Col. Coll., N.Y. Author of Y " A Poetical Epistle to Gen. Geo. Washing- ton," Annap. 1779, repr. Lond. 1780 ; " Reply to an Address to the R. Catholics of the U.S.," .8vo, 1785; "Inquiry into the Proofs of the Divinity of Christ," Svo, 1796; "Concise View," 8vo, 1817. His remains, with a Me- moir by G. W. Doane, D.D., was pub. 2 vols. 12mo, 1834. Wharton, Francis, D.D., LL.D., jurist, b. Phila. 1820. Y.C. 1839, and afterward prac- tised law in his native city. In 1856-63 he was prof, of logic and rhetoric in ICenyon Coll., TVTIA 972 0. Onl. in the Prot.-Epis. Church 1863 ; rec- tor of St. Paul's, Brookline, Ms., and prof, in Camb. (Epis.) Theol. School. He has pub. " Treatise on the Criminal Law of the U.S.," 6th eii., 3 vols. 8vo, 1868 ; " Treatise on Con- veyancing," 8to, 1851; "Law Dictionary," 2d cd'., 1860 ; " State Trials of the U.S. during the Administrations of Washington and Adams," 1849; " A Treatise on the Law of Homicide in the U.S.," 1855; with Moreton Stille, "A Treatise on Medical Jurisp.," 1855 ; a " Trea- tise on Theism and Scepticism," 1858 ; " Pre- cedents of Indictments and Pleas," 8vo, 1849 ; " The Silence of Scripture," a series of lec- tures, 1867; co-editor £/)('s. Recorder. He is a contributor to many periodicals. Wharton, Thomas I., lawyer, b. Phila. 1791; d. tliere 9 Apr. 1856. Many years an eminent member of the Phila. bar, also re- porter Pa. Sup. Court. Author of " Digest of U.S. Circ.-Court Reports, 3d Dist.," 2 vols. 8vo ; " Digested Inde.K of Reports of the South- ern and Western States," 8vo, 1824; "Dis- course on the Landing of Wm. Penn," 8vo, 1825; "Reports Pa. Sup. Court, 18.35-41," 6 vols. 8vo ; " Memoir of Wm. Rawle, LL.D." (Hist. Soc. Pa. Mi'm., vol. iv.), k>;. — Allihone. Wheatland, Henry, M.D. (H.U. 1837.) b. Salem, Ms., 11 June, 1812. H.U. 1832. Son of Capt. Richard and Martha Goodhue. Has never practised medicine, but has given much attention to historical and scientific in- vestigations. An original member of the Am. Assoc, for the Advancement of Science ; a founder of the Essex-Co. Nat.-Hist. Soc, and of the Essex Institute, of which he was pres. until it was merged in the Peabody Acad, of Science, of whicli he is a vice-pres. Member, also, of many other literary and scientific bodies. Wheatley, Phillis, a negro poetess, b. Africa ab. 1753; d. Boston, Dec. 5, 1784. She was brought from Africa in 1761 between seven and eigln years of age, and acquired in the family ol John Wheatley of Boston, within 16 months after her arrival, the English lan- guage to such a degree as to read the most difficult parts of Scripture, and learned to write in a short time. She began very early to write verse, and evinced poetic ability in some poems written at the age of 14. Her " Poems " were pub. in London in 1773 with a copper-plate portrait, and dedicated to the Countess of Hun- tington June 12, 1773 (when about to visit London with a member of her master's family). They possess much merit, and have been seve- ral times reprinted. After her return from Eng., she m. a colored man. Dr. John Peters, who fell into poverty during the Revolution. The most important of her occasional un- collected verses are the lines to Gen. Washing- ton in 1775, which were acknowledged by him in a letter dated Feb. 2, 1776, and appeared with the letter in the Pennsijlcania Maci. for April, 1776. She wrote elegiac verses on George Whitefield and on Dr. Samuel Cooper. Her letters were privately printeil 8vo, 1864. — Ste Pror. Ms. Hist. Soc., Nov. 1863. Wheaton, Gex. Frank, b. Providence, R.I., 8 May, 1833. Son of Dr. Francis L. and Amelia S. Civil engr., and enjjaged in Cal. and in Mexican boundary surveys in 1850-5; 1st licut. U. S. Cav. Mar. 3, 1855; engaged with Cheyenne Indians near Fort Kearney; capt. 1st Cav. Mar. 1, 1861 ; lieut.-col. 2d R.I. Vols, at first Bull Run; col. July, 1861 ; en- gaged in the Peninsular campaign, second Bull Run, Antietam, and Fredericksburg; brig.- gcn. U.S. Vols. Nov. 29, 1862; com. brigade at Gettysburg. Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, defence of Harper's Ferry, battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Peters- burg, Weldon R.R., Rearas's Station, and Opc- quan ; maj. 2d Cav. Nov. 1863; com. division 6th ( .-r;i- nt Fi-lvr'* Hill, Cedar Creek, Hatch- er's Ijmi! \. M.ri ."j's Mills, capture of Peters- bur. ~ IS Creek, and surrender of Let, I ., lii I .. 11. vols, for Opcquan, Fish- er's lliU, .iiui .Mi.iakton, Va. ; brev. lieut.-col. U.S.A. for the Wilderness; col. for Cedar Creek ; brig.-gen. for capture of Petersburg, and maj.-gen. for gallant and merit, services during the war; lieut.-col. 39th U.S. Inf. Julv 28, 1S66; transf to 21st Inf. 15 Mar. 1869"; and presented with a sword by his native State. Wheaton, Henry, LL.D. (B.U. 1819 ; H.U. 1845), jurist and diplomatist, b. Provi- dence, R.I., Nov. 27, 1785 ; d. Dorchester, Ms., March 11,1848. Brown U. 1802. He sUidied law ; went to France in 1804 ; spent a year and a half at the law schools at Poitiers, and 6 months in London ; began practice in Provi- dence on his return; but in 1812 removed to New York. He there edited the National Ad- vocate, and in it discussed the vexed question of ™lated neutral rights. He was during the same period, for a short time, one of the justices of the marine court. In 1816-27 he was re- porter for the U. S.. Sup. Court, publishing 12 vols, of its decisions ; a prominent member of the N. Y. Const. Conv. of 1821 ; in 1825 he was one of the commiss. t(> rcviic the statute law of N.Y; in 1827-"- I -. -, •' ir,;e d'af- faires to Denmark, In i ■. IS. diplo- matic agent sent to thin i lit minis- ter at Berlin in 183.5-7,1111'! Ill r .;:-i'. minister- plenipo. He returned to the U.S. in 1S47, and was complimented with public dinners in New York and Pliila., and with the chair of prof, of international law in H.U., the duties of which he was prevented from assuming by death. In 1843 he became a coiTesp. member of the French Institute, and in 1844 a foreign member of the Roy. Acad, of Science of Ber- lin. His publications were "A Digest U. S. Sup.-Court Decisions 1789-1829, "'8vo; "A Digest of the Law of Maritime Prizes," 1815 ; " An Essay on the Means of maintaining the Commercial and Naval Interests of the U.S. ; " " Life of Wm. Pinkney," 1 826 ; and subsequent- ly an abridgment for Sparks's " Amer. Biog. ; " " History of the Northmen," 1831, translated into French, and pub. in Paris in 1844 with notes and additions by Mr. Wheaton ; " His- tory of Scandinavia," the joint production of Mr. Wheaton and Dr. Crichton (a sequel to "The History of the Northmen "), 1838; "Ele- ments of lutern.itional Law," 1836. — the Sth ed. (1866) has the notes of R. II. Dan.a, jun. ( this work is regarded throughout Europe as a standard authority) ; " An Impiirv into the British Claim of a Right of Search of American Vessels," 1842. In 1841 he wrote 973 -WKE prize essay for the French Institute, of which from the Earliest Times to the Treaty of Wash- ington," appeared in N.Y. in 1845, and, great- ly enlarged, in Leipsic and Paris in 1846. As a reporter he was unrivalled. He was a constant contributor to the American Quarterli/, the N. A. Review, and other periodicals; de- livered several addresses before the literary societies of N.Y. ; the anniv. address before the Hist. Soc. in 1820; and an "Essay on the Progress and Prospects of Germany " before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Brown U., Sept. 1, 1847. A vol. of selections from the writings of his son Robert (b. N.Y. Oct. 5, 1826, d. Oct. 9, 1851) appeiired in 1854, with a Memoir by his sister. Wheaton, N.iTiiANiEL Sheldon, D.D., (Y.C. 183.-!), b. Washington, Ct., Aug. 20, 1792; d. there March 18, 1862. Y.C. 1814. In 1818-31 he was rector of Christ Church, Hartford ; was pres. of Trin. Coll. till 1837, when he became rector of Christ Church, New Orleans, where he continued 7 years. In 1 82^-4 he visited Europe, and in 1839 pub. "Journal of a Residence in London, and of Tours in England, Scotland, and France;" and in 1844 went abroad again. He was an efficient founder of Trinity College, for the endowment of which he raised $40,000, and bequeathed to it $20,000 more. He also pub. an expository vol. and oc- casional discourses. Whedon, Daxiel Denison, D.D. (Em. Coll.). LL.D. (Wesl. U. 1807), of the M.E. Church, b. Onondaga, N.Y., 1808. Ham. Coll. 1828; tutor there 1832-48. Prof, ancient lan- guage and lit. Wesl. U. 1845-53; prof, rhet., logic, and hist., U. of Mich. Author of " Pub- lic Addresses," 12mo, 1852 ; " Commentary on Matthew and Mark," 1860 ; " Freedom of the Will," 1864; " Commentary on the Gospels," 2 vols. 1866; Single Sermons and Addresses. Ed. Melh. Quart, [lev., and the books of the M. E. Pub. House. Wheeler, Charles Stearns, scholar, b. Lincoln, Dec. 19, I8I6; d. Leipsic, Ger- many, June 13, 1843. H.U. 1837. He was an instructor at H.U. in 1838-42, and pub. an edition of " Herodotus," 2 vols. 8vo, 1843, the notes to which displaved much learning. Wheeler, Jons, D.b. (U. C. 1834), pres. of the U. of Vt. 1 833-49, b. Grafton, Vt., Mar. 11, 1798; d. Burlington, Vt., April 16, 1862. Dartm. Coll. 1816; Andover, 1819. In 1804 his parents removed to Orford, N.H. Licensed by the Haverhill Assoc. Aug. 4, 1819. Ord. pastor Cong. Church, Windsor, Vt., Nov. 1, 1821. He pub. discourses on the death of Pres. Harrison, John Smith, James Marsh, and an hi.st. discourse at the Semi-Cent. Anniv. of the U. of Vt., Aug. 1, 1854. Wheeler, Capt. Thomas of Concord, Ms., 1042, b. Eng. ; d. 16 Dec. 1686. He served and was wounded in Philip's war. His narrative of his expcd. to the Nipmug country in 1675 is in the N. H. Hist. " Collections." Wheeler, William Adolphus, author, b. Leicester, Ms., 14 Nov. 1833. Bowd. Coll. 1 853. He was many years engaged upon the Dictionaries of Worcester and Webster, and in 1 867 became assist, supt. of the Boston Public Library. Author of " Dictionary of Noted Names of Fiction," 1865. Wheeloek, Eleazer, D. D. (Edinb. 1767), clergyman, founder and first pres. of Dartm. Coll., b. Windham, Ct., Apr. 22, 1711 ; d. Hanover, N.H., April 24, 1779. Y.C. 1733. Descended from Ralph of Shropshire (edu- cated at Cambridge, and an eminent preacher), who came to this country in 1637; settled first at Dedham, and then at Medfield, where he died in 1683, a. 83. Eleazer was ord. pastor of the 2d Cong. Church, Lebanon, Ct., in Mar. 1735, and remained 35 years. He opened a school in 1754 ; and the proficiency of one of his pupils, an Indian boy named Samson Oc- com, led to his establishing Moor's Indian Charity School, out of which grew eventually Dartm. Coll. For its enlargement. Rev. Mr. Whitaker of Nonvich, and Samson Occom, were sent to Great Britain in 1 766. The money they collected was put into the hands of a board of trustees in Eng., of which the Earl of Dartmouth was the head. A large tract of land being offered in N.H., he transplanted his school to Hanover, and there founded the col- lege, which was chartered in 1 769. He removed thither in Aug. 1770. Brandt was one of his pupils. He pub. a narrative of the Indian school at Lebanon, 1762, and several continua- tions of it up to 1775, together with an abstract of a mission to the Del. Indians west of the Ohio by McClure and Frisbie, and some ser- mons. His Memoir, with extracts from his Cor- rcsp. by McClure and Parish, was pub. 1811. Wheeloek, John, D.D. (Dartm. 1789), LL.D., second pres. of Dartm. Coll., b. Leba- non, Ct., Jan. 28, 1754; d. April 4, 1817. Dartm. Coll. 1771. Tutor 1772-4. He en- tered Yale in 1767; but, on the removal of his father to Hanover, grad. there with the first class. Member of the Prov. Congress in 1774, of the Assembly in 1775 ; was app. a major in the N. York forces in the spring of 1777, and in Nov. was a lieut.-eol. under Col. Bedell ; in 1778 Gen. Stark sent him on an exped. against the Indians ; after which he held a position on Gen. Gates's staff until recalled to Hanover by the death of his father, and at the age of 25 became his successor as pres. of the college. In 1783 the trustees sent him to Europe to procure aid for the institution. On his return he was shipwrecked off Cape Cod, and lost the box containing his money and papers. Removed in 1815 in consequence of an ecclcs. controver- sy among the trustees, a legislative act was passed, enlarging the board, and changing the title of the college. The celebrated " Dart- mouth-College Case," in which Webster gained great reputation, was the result, and the uncon- stitutionality of the act was declared. A new board of trustees restored him to office in 1817; but he died a few weeks later. He bequeathed half his large estate to Princeton Theol. Sem. He pub. " Sketches of the History of Dartmouth College," 1816; "Eulogy on Dr. Smith," 1809; " Essay on the Beauties and Excellences of Painting, Music, and Poetry," 4to, 1774. Wheelwright, John, clergyman, b. Lin- colnshire, Eng., ah. 1592; d. Salisbury, Ms., Nov. 15, 1679. B.A. (Camb. U.) 1614. Son 974 of Robert of Saleby. He was a classmate of Cromwell ; and in 1623-31 was vicar of Bilsby, nearAlford ; but, being diiven in 1636 from his church by Archbishop Laud for nonconformi- ty, he came to Boston, where he was chosen pastor of a church in what is now Braintree. His sympathy with the religious opinions of his relative Anne Hutchinson led to animosi- ties benveen him and Mr. Wilson, pastor of the Boston church, and to his banishment from the Colony. In 16.38 he founded Exeter on a branch of'the Piscataqua. After residinfj there 5 years, the town being declared within the limits of Ms., he removed with part of his church to Wells, Me. In 1 644 a reconciliation took place between him and the colonial govt, of Ms., in consequence of some acknowledg- ments on his part ; and he returned to Ms. in 1646. He was settled at Hampton 8 years. In 1654 he pub. his " Vindication." About 1657 he went to Eng., where he was well received by Cromwell, but returned in 1660, and became pastorof Salisbury, May 9, 1662. The genuine- ness of the Indian deed to him, dated 1629, has been the subject of much controversy. Author of " Mtrcurius Americamts," &c., London, 4to, 1645. — 5ee Geneal. Reij., Oct. 1867,- Sprague. W Uelplev, Samuel, minister and author, b. Stockbridge, Ms., 1766 ; d. N. York, July 14, 1817. Ord. a Baptist preacher 21 June, 1792, and a Presbyterian preacher 8 Oct. 1806 ; officiating at W. Stockbridge, Ms., and at Green River, N. J. In 1798-1809 he resided at Morristown, N. J., where he had charge of an academy; in 1814 he returned to New York, where he taught a very popular school. Author of the essays entitled " The Triangle," pub. N.Y. 1816, in defence of the N. Eng. doc- trines; "Letters on Capital Punishment and War," addressed to Gov. Strong, 1816; "A Compend. of Ancient and Modern History," 1814, and again in 1826. His son Philip Melancthon, a Presb. clergvman of N.Y. (b. Stockbridge, Ms., 22 Dec. 1792, d. 17 July, 1824), was the author of some occas. sermons. Wilipple, Abraham, commodore Revol. navy, b. Providence, R.I., Sept. 26, 1733; d. Marietta, 0., May 26, 1819. He com. a mer- chant-vessel in the W. India trade ; but, towards the close of the French war in 1759-60, he was capt. of the privateer " Game Cock," captur- ing in a single cruise 23 French prizes. In June, 1772, he com. the vol. crew which cap- tured and burned the British revenue schoon- er " Gaspe " in Narraganset Bay. In June, 1775, two armed vessels were fitted out by R.I., of which W^hipple was put in com. with the title of commodore ; off Newport he made prize of one of the tenders of the British frigate "Rose." App. capt. of "The Columbus," Dec. 22, 1775 ; he afterward com. the schooner " Providence," which, though finally destroyed by the British, is said to have taken more prizes than any other vessel. Her memory was pre- served by the frigate "Providence," the com. of which was given to him ; and her escape from the blockade of the river and bay was one of the most chivalrous feats of the Revolution. Subsequently, till the termination of his career in the contest, he com. a squadron ; and on one occasion the prize-money from his captures amounted to $1,000,000. In 17S0, when en- deavoring to save Charleston from the enemy, he lost his squadron, and was held a prisoner during the remainder of the war. He resided on a farm in Cranston, near Providence, until the formation of the Ohio Company in 1788, when he removed his family to Marietta. Whipple, Gen. Amiel W., b. Green- wich, Ms., 1817; d. Washington, D. C, May 7, 1863. West Point, 1841. 2d lieut 1st Art., and transferred to the topog. engrs. ; in 1844 assist, astronomer to the N.E. boundary sur- vey; in 1845 employed in ascertaining the northern boundaries of N. Y., Vt., and N. H. ; in 1 849 assist, astron. on the Mexican bounda- ry commiss., his journal of which was pub. by order of Congress ; 1st lieut. 1851 ; capt. of topog. engrs. 1 July, 1855. Early in 1861 he was made chief engr. on the staff of Gen. Mc- Dowell ; was at the first battle of Bull Run ; maj. of engrs. Sept. 9, 1861 ; attached to Mc- Clellan's s"taff in April, 1862; brig.-gen. of vols. 14 Apr. 1862; com. a division in the 9th army corps ; and at the time of his death {from wounds at Chancellorsville) com. the 3d div. 3d corps. Brev. lieut.-col. for Manassas ; col. for Fredericksburg ; brig.-gen. for Chaneellors- yille; maj.-gen. 7 May, 1863; maj.-gen. vols. 6 May, 1863.— CH//i(m. Whipple, Edwin Percy, essayist, b. Gloucester, Ms., March 8, 1819. His father Matthew dying when he was an infant, his ear- ly character was fonncd by his mother, Lydia Gardiner, a woman of strong mental power. Educated at the public schools of Salem. At the age of 14 he was a contrib. to a Salem newspaper. He was subsequently employed in a broker's office in Boston ; became a member of the Merc. Lib. Assoc, and was soon a leader in debate and compo^ition ; and, shortly after the erection of the Merchants' Exchange, he be- came supt. of the news-room, which 'in 1860 he gave up for the exclusive pui-suit of literature. He dehv. a poem before the Merc. Lib. Assoc. Sept. 29, 1S40, which was full of playful humor and satirical hits. His " Essay on Slacanlay," in 1843, increased his fame, and drew from the brilliant historian and essayist a letter expres- sive of high regard. He has contrib. to the N. A. Review, Christian Examiner, and other periodicals. Many of these articles appear in his vols, of Lectures and Essays. He has deliv- ered lectures of striking ment for the literary societies of Brown, Dartmouth, and Amherst, besides those delivered at the lyceums of the cities and towns of the Middle and Northern States. In 1 850 he was the Fonrth-of-July ora- tor for Boston, on " Washington and the Prin- ciples of the American Revolution." In the spring of 1859 he delivered a course of 12 lec- tures before the Lowell Institute, Boston, on " The Literature of the Age of Elizabeth," pub. in 1869. A new vol. of essays, " Success and its Conditions," app. in 1871 ; also a new edition of his works in 6 vols. Whipple, Gen. William, a signer of the Dccl. of Independence, b. Kittery, Me., Jan. 14, 1730; d. Nov. 28, 1785. After receiving a public-school education, he went to sea, and was several years com. of a vessel in the West- India trade, and acquired a considerable for- "Win 975 tunc. Member of the prov. Congress of 1775, and of the com. of safety ; member of Congress 1776-Sept. 1777, when, the N. H. Assembly having assigned him to the com. of a brigade organized to oppose the progress of Burgoyne, he joined Gates's army, and at the battle of Saratoga com. the N.H. troops; in 1778 he took part in Gen. Sullivan's exped. to R.I. Again in Congress in 1778-9 ; member of the Assembly in 1 780-4, and of the exec, council ; and in 1782-4 supt. of finance, and receiver of public moneys for N.H. App. judge of the N. H. Superior Court in 1782. Whipple, William D., brev. major-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. ab. 1830. West Point, 1851. Entering the 3d Inf., he became 1st lieut. 31 Dec. 1856 ; sei-ved against the Apaches and Navajoos in N. Mexico in 1857-8 ; assist, adj.- gen. of Hunter's div. at battle of Bull Run ; capt. and assist, adj.-gen. 3 Aug. 1861 ; major 17 July, 1862; brig.-gen. vols. 17 July, 1863; assist, adj.-gen. of Army and Dept. of the Cum- berland, Dec. 1863 to June, 1865 ; in operations about Chattanooga, and engaged at Mission. Ridge 23-25 Nov. 1863; in invasion of Ga. and in the engagements ending with the capture of Atlanta, Sept. 1864 ; engaged in the battle of Nashville, and piu-suit of Uood, Dec. 1 864 ; brev. col., brig, and maj. gen., 13 March, 1865, for Atlanta campaign, battles before Nashville, and tor gallant and merit, services during the Rebellion. — Cullum. Whistler, Geoege W., engineer, b. Fort Wayne, Ind., 19 Mav, 1800; d. St. Petersburg, 7 Apr. 1849. West Point, 1819. Employed in 1822-8 on the Northern Boundary com- miss. ; resigned from the U.S. engr. corps in 1833. He engaged in constructing the Balti- more and Ohio and the Susquch. and Western Railroads, and in 1842 became chief, engr. of the Petersburg and Moscow Railroad. Not only was the road to be built, but the iron for the track, the locomotives, cars, and every thing appertaining to the roads, were to be manuf. un- der his supervision. He had also been employed to construct extensive dock-yards at St. Peters- burg, and to improve the Russian harbors and rivers. His son Geouge W., also a skilful railway engr., d. Brighton, Eng., 24 Dec. 1 869. Whistler, Col. William, b. Md. ; d. Cin- cinnati, Dec. 4, 1863. App. lieut. of inf. June 8, 1801 ; disting. in battle of Maguago, Aug. 9, 1812; capt. Dec. 1812; maj. 2d Inf. April 28, 1826; lieut.-col. 7th Inf Julv 21, 1834; col. 4th Inf. July 15, 1845 ; retired Oct. 9, 1861. Son of Maj. John (aRevol. olUcerwho d. 1827), brother of George W. Whistler. Whitaker, Alexander, author of " Good Newes from Virginia," 1613. Was son of Uev. Dr. W., master of St. John's Col!., Cambridge; a graduate of Camb., and had been seated in the north of Eng., where he was held in great esteem. Animated by a missionary spint, he came to Va. while young, and was one of the settlers of Henrico, on James River, in 1611. A church was built, and the minister "im- paled " a fine parsonage with 100 acres of land, calling it Rock Hall. He baptized Pocahon- tas, and also married her to John Rolfe in April, 1613. Whitcomb, James, gov. of Ind. 1843-8, b. Stockbridge, Vt., Dec. 1, 1791 ; d. N. York, Oct. 4, 1852. Transylv. U. Jan. 1, 1824, he established himself in the practice of law at Bloomington, Ind.; in 1826 was app. pros, atty. for the dist. ; was a State senator in 1830- 5, and a leader of the Democ. party ; in 1836 he was app. supt. of the land-olCce ; resumed practice at Tcrre Haute in 1841 ; and in 1848 was returned to the U.S. senate. Whitcomb, Gex. Johx, b. Lancaster, Ms. ; d. 1812. He was a col. in the exped. against Crown Point in 1755 ; led a regt. to Boston in 1775 ; was app. by the Prov. Congress a brig.- gen., and 13 June, 1775, maj.-gen; was made a brig.-gen. on the Cent, establishment, 5 June, 1776, but soon left the service on account of advanced age. White, Andrew Dickson, LL.D. (U. of Mich. 1867), educator, b. of N. Eng. par- entage, Cortland Co., N.Y., 1832. Y. C. 1853. Removed in 1839 to Syracuse, N.Y. On leav- ing college, where he was an editor of the Yale Lit. Mai/., he visited France; was for 7 months an attachg at St. Petersburg; then studied at the U. of Berlin ; and, the following year, re- turned to Amer. Prof of hist, and Eng. lit. in the U. of Mich. 5 years. Visiting London in 1863, he pub. "A Letter to Dr. Rus.sell," replying to statements in the letters of the Times corresp. State senator of N.Y. 186.3-7, and introd. the bills which codified the school- laws, which created the new system of normal schools, and which incorp. the Cornell Univer- sity, of which he became pres. in 1868, after a third visit to Europe, made at the request of its trustees to procure for it books and apparatus. App. in Jan. 1871 one of the commiss. to San Domingo, and aided in preparing its report; pres. Repub. State Conv. of N.Y. Oct. 1871. Besides contribs. to periodicals, reports, &c., he has pub. " Lectures on Mediasval and Modern Hist.," 8vo, 1861, 4th ed. 1871; "Plan of Organiz. for Cornell U.," 1868; "The New Education," inaug. address at C.U. 1868; and a report on the co-education of the sexes, 1871. White, Alexander, delegate to the Cont. Congress from N.C. in 1786-8, and M.C. in ^listing, for Wood/ilTe, Va., Sept. White, Col. Anthony Walton, b. Va. 17.S1 ; d. Brunswick, N. J., 10 Feb. 1803. App. 9 Feb. 1 776 lieut.-cul. 3d N. J. Regt. ; com. the cavalry after the defeat at Monk's Corner in Apr. 1 780, and with most of the regt. was again surprised and captured at Lanneau's Ferry 6 May, 1780. Col. 1st Light Dragoons; app. brisr.-gen. provisional army 19 July, 1798. White, Charles, D.D., pres.' of Wabash Coll., Crawfordville, la. (1841-61), b. Ran- dolph, Vt., Dec. 28, 1795; d. Oct. 29, 1861. Dartm. Coll. 1821 ; And. Sem. 1823. He re- moved to Thetford, Vt., in 1808; was settled there in 1824-8 ; at Cazenovia, N.Y., 1829-41. His sermons and addresses were pub. in 1853. White, Kdward D., gov. of La. in 1834- 8, and M.C. in 1829-34 and 1839-43; d. New Orleans, Apr. 18, 1847. White, Hugh Lawson, jurist and states- man, b. Iredell Co., N.C, 30 Oct. 1773; d. near Knoxville, Tenn., 10 Apr. 1840. His fa- ther Gen. James d. Knoxville, Tenn., Aug. 976 1821, a. 72; he removed to Tenn. in 1786; M.C. 1792-4 ; brig.-gen. Tenn. vols. 23 Sept. 1813, and com. in a suceessful attack on the Creek Indians at Hillibee Town, 18 Nov. 1813. Hugh was a vol. soldier against tlie Indians in 1792; studied law in Pliila. in 1794-6 ; began practice in Knoxville in 1796 ; app. U.S. dist.- atty. in 1807 ; jndge of the Sup. Court 1801-7 and 1809-15 ; State senator in 1807 and 1817 ; pres. of the State Bank of Tenn. I8I5 ; app. a eommiss. to adjust the claims of Spain against our ciiizens in 1820 ; U.S. senator 1825-35 and 1836-40, and pres. pro tern, of that body in 1832. In 1836 he received the electoral votes (26) of the States of Ga. and Tenn. for pres. of the U.S. — See Memoir by Nancy N. /Scott, 8vo, Phila. 1856. White, John, a Puritan divine, and an efficient promoter of the settlement of Ms. Colony, and of Dorchester, Ms., b. Stanton, St. John, Oxfordshire, Eng., 1574; d. Dorchester, Eng., 1648. Made perpet. fellow of New Coll., Oxford, 1595; was a frequent preaclicr in O.x- ford ; rector of Trinity Church, Dorchester, 1606; one of the assembly of divines 1643; rector of Lambeth 1645. Author of " The Planter's Plea, or the Grounds of Plantations Examined," &c., Lorid. 4to, 1630; "Way to the Tree of Life," &c., 8vo, 1647 ; " Comment, on 3 fir^t chap, of Genesis," 1656. "White, CoL. John, a Revol. officer, b. Eng- land; d. Va. ab. 1780. Of Irish parentage He acquired a fortune as surgeon in the British navy, and settled in Phila. He entered the Revol. army as capt., and was soon promoted to col. 4th Ga. batt. During the siege of Sa- vannah, he performed one of the most remarka- ble feats on record. With only 2 officers, a sergeant, and 3 men, by a successftil stratagem he made prisoners of Capt. French and 1 1 1 British regulars, posted on the Ogechee River, about 25 miles from Savannah ; also the crews of 5 vessels (40 in number), and 130 stand of arms. Ho was severely wounded at the assault of Spring-hill redoubt, Oct. 9, 1779 (where Pulaski fell), and was obliged to retire from the army. — Hist. Ma^., ii. 181. White, Jons, M.C. 1835-45; speaker 27th Congress, and judge 19th jud. dist. ; b. 1805; shot himself in a fit of depression at Richmond, Ky., Sept. 22, 1845. White, JoHK Blake, artist and author, of Charleston, S.C. ; d. there Aug. 1859, a. 77. He commenced to study law, but in 1803 went to Eng., and became the pupil of West. Some months later, he resumed the study of law in Charleston. Member of the Literary and Philos. Society. He excelled as an hist, painter. Among his pictures are "Mrs. Motte present- ing the Arrows," " Marion inviting the Brit- ish Officer to Dinner," and " The Battles of New Orleans and Eutaw" (placed in the State Hotise). He wrote "Foscari," a play; "Mysteries of the Castle," a drama, 1S07; " Modern Honor," a tragedy, 1812 ; " Triumph of Liberty, or Louisiana Preserved," a nation- al drama, 1819. — iZ/sf. Mag., iii. 321. White, Joseph M., an eminent and elo- quent lawver; delcg. to Congress from Fla. Terr. 1823"-37; b. Franklin Co., Ky. ; d. St. Louis, Mo., 18 Oct. 1839. Author of "New Collection of Laws, Charters, &c., of G. Britain, France, and Spain, relating to the Concessions of Land," &c., 2 vols. 8vo, 1839. White, Peregrine, the first Englishman bom in New Eng. Son of William and Su- sanna. Was bom in " The Mayflower," in the harbor of Cape Cod, ab. Nov. 20, 1620; d. Marshfield, July 22, 1704. " He was vigor- ous and of a comely aspect," and bore civil and military offices. White, Pliny Holton, clergyman and author, b. Springfield, Vt., 6 Oct. 1822; d. Coventry, Vt., 24 Apr. 1869. Adm. to the bar of Windham Co., Vt., in 1843, he practised law until 1853 ; and was editor of the Brattle- borough Eagle in 1 851-2, and of the Express at Amhei-st, Ms., in 1857-8. Ord. minister of Coventry 15 Feb. 1859; in the Vt. Icgisl. in 1862-3; chaplain of the senate 1864-6; and was, at the tune of his death, pres. of the Vt. Hist. Soc. A freqncnt contrib. to newspapers and magazines. He pub. a number of address- es and sermons, and a " Hist, of Coventry," 1858, 8vo. White, Richard Grant, philologist and scholar, b. N.Y. Citv, May 23, 1822. U. of N.Y. 1839. Son of Richard Mansfield White, merchant of N.Y. Studied medicine and law, and was adm. to the bar in 1845. He soon exchanged law for letters, and was connected with the N.Y. Courier and Enquirer in 1845-59, with a brief interval, — at first as critic of art and literature, but for the last 5 years as editor. In 1860, he, with Mr. J. R. Spalding, established the World newspaper, but withdrew from it in 1861. He is a frequent contrih. to the month- lies ; wrote for Putnam's Monthly, on Collier's new readings in Shakspeare, 1853 ; and, beside other works, has pub. " Shakspearc's Scholar," in 1854; an edition of Shakspeare, 1857-9; "National Hymns," N.Y., 1861; "Appeal from the Sentence of the Bishop of N.Y.," 8vo, 1845; "Hand-Book of Chnstian Art," 1 853 ; " Essay on the Authorship of King Henry the Sixth," 1859; "Poetry of the Civil War, Selected and Edited," 1866; edited the " Record of the N.Y. Exhibition," and the " Book-Hunter," &c., with additional notes, 1863; was a co-founder of Yanhee Doodle, 1846-7. Contrib. to Appleton's " New Amcr. Cvclopiedia." "White, WiLLiAM,D.D.(PhUa. Coll. 1783), first Pr.-Epis. bishop of Pa., b. Phila. Apr. 4, 1748; d. there July 17, 1836. Phila. Coll. 1765. Son of Col. Thomas, who cmig. from London to Md. He studied theology, and was adm. while in Eng. to priest's orders, in Apr. 1772. In Lond. he made the acquaintance of Johnson and Goldsmith. On his retum to Phila. in Sept. he was settled as an assistant minister of Christ Church and St. Peter's, and 15 Apr. 1779 was chosen rector of these churches. During the Revol. war he was a friend of Washington and his associates, and was elect- ed chaplain to Congress at Yorktown in 1777. At one time ho was the only Epis. clergyman in Pa. Dr. White presided at the first Epis. convention held Sept. and Oct. 1785, and the constitution of the church was written by him ; in 17S6, being bishop elect of the diocese of Pa., he proceeded to Eng. with Dr. Provoost 977 to receive bishop's orders ; was consec. by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Feb. 4, 1 787, and returned on Easter Day, 1787. Pres. of the Bible Society of Phila., the first established in the U.S. ; pres. of the Dispensary from its origin in 1784, of the Prison Society since its origin, of the societies for the Deaf and Dumb, and for the Blind. With Bishop Seabury, he had the chief part in revising the " Book of Common Prayer " for the Epis. Church in this country. His chief pubs, are Mcmoira of the Prot.-Epis. Church in the U.S., 1820; "Com- parative Views of the Controversy between the Calvinists and Arminians," 1817; " Lec- tures on the Catechism, and Commentaries on the Ord. Service," 1813. He was disling. for exemplary zeal and consummate prudence. A Memoir of Bishop White Ijy Dr. Bird Wilson was pub. in 1 839. White, William Charles, actor and dramatist, b. Boston, 1777 ; d. Worcester, May 2,1818. The son of a merchant. He quitted the counting-room for the stage in 1796, ap- pearing at the Federal-st. Theatre, Dec 14, as Jforval. He at the same time produced a trage- dy, " Orlando," but, not meeting with much encouragement, turned his attention to the law, and opened an office in Providence in 1 800, but again took to the stage, which he quit- ted finally in the summer of ISOl. He was app. county atty. in 1 81 1 . Pnb. a Compendium ot the Laws of Ms. in 1810, 3 vols. 8vo, and in the same year produced " The Clergyman's Daughter " and " The Poor Lodger." He was an editor of the National ^(jis. He published "Oration at Rutland, 5 Jiily," Wore. 1802; " Oration at Boston, 4 July, 1809." Whitefield, George, a celebrated preach- er, founder of the Calvinistie Methodists, b. Gloucester, Eng., Dec. 16, 1714; d. Newbury- port, Ms., Sept. 30, 1770. He received the rudiments of his education in his n.ative town, where his mother kept an inn, but in 1733.en- tercd Pembroke Coll., Oxford, where he joined the society formed by the Wesleys, named, fi-om the strictness of their rules, Methodists. Adm. to orders June 20, 1736. After taking bis bachelor's degree at Oxford, he preached at various places, exciting great enthusiasm. Vis- iting Georgia in 1738, the trustees of the Colo- ny presented him to the liWng of Savannah ( though he insisted upon having no salary ), and granted him 500 acres of land for his intended orphan-honse. Ord. priest Jan. 14, 1 739, he resumed preaching in London and elsewhere, being obliged by the vast crowds which at- tended to preach in the open air. From this period the origin of Methodism is to be dated. Embarking again in Aug., he landed in Pa. in Oct., preached to immense congregations in the Middle and Southern States, and early in Jan. 1740 arrived at Savannah, where he founded, and in a great measure established, his orphan- house by the name of Bcthesda. After preach- ing in N. Eng. by invitation of the ministers of Boston, addressing 20,000 persons on Bos- ton Common, he sailed for Eng. in Jan. 1741. Separating himself from Wesley, whose Ar- minian sentiments he disapproved, he now be- gan to form distinct societies of persons who held Calvinistie sentiments in England and Scotland, preaching in all the jji-incipal towns. Arriving again in tliis country in Oct. 1744, he met at fii-st with much opposition in N.E., Harv. Coll. issuing a "testimony" against him, and many of the clergy being equally hostile. Be- fore setting out for Ga., he had, however, eon- verted 20 pastors. His fifth visit to America (by him considered his most important ex- pedition, extending from Ga. to N.H.) lasted from May, 1754, to March, 1755; and his seventh and last landing upon our shores took place Nov. 30, 1769. After preaching in dif- ferent places, his strength was exhausted, and he died of the asthma. His sermons, letters, and controversial tracts, have been pnb. in 7 vols. 8vo, and also an account of his life writ- ten by Gillies. He pub. a Journal of his life in 1756. His eloquence was wonderfiil, his voice powerful, rich, and sweet ; and Dr. Frank- lin estimated that 30,000 people might hear him distinctly when preaching in the open air. Whitefield, James, D.D. (Rome, 1825), R. C. archbishop of Baltimore, b. Liverpool, Eng., Nov. 3, 1770; d. Baltimore, Oct. 19, 1834. Receiving a good education, he devoted himself for a time to mercantile pursuits. He studied divinity with Ambrose Marechale ; was ord. in 1809; emig. to Baltimore in Sept. 1817; was immediately app. one of the pastors of St. Peter's ; and succeeded Bishop Mare'chal in the archiepiscopate. May 25, 1828. . Whitehead, William Adee, historian, b. Newark, N. J., 19 Feb. 1810. CoUcctor of customs at Key West, Fla., 1830-8; subse- quently connected with diflferent railroad com- panies. Author of " East Jersey under the Proprietary Govt.," 8vo, 1846 ; "Biog. Sketch of Gov. Wm. Franklin," 1848; "Robbery of the Treasury of East Jersey in 1768," 1850; "Early Hist, of Perth Amboy," Svo, 1856; " Northern Boundary-Line between N. J. and N. Y.," &c., 1859; "Eastern Boundary of N. J.," 8vo, 1866; "Index to N.J. Col. Docu- ments," Svo ; " Settlement of Elizabeth, N. J.," a paper bef. the N.J. Hist. Soc. 20 May, 1869. Edited the papers of Lewis Morris, with Me- moir, 1852. Corresp. sec. N.J. Hist. Society, and editor of some of its "Proceedings." — AllUxme. Whitehouse, Hekht John, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1865 J, D.C.L. (Camb., Eng., 1867), Pr.- Epis. bishop of Dlinois, b. New York, Aug. 1803. Col. Coll. 1821; Gen. Thcol. Sem. 1824. Ord. deacon 1824; priest 1827; 15 years rec- tor of St. Luke's, Rochester; rector of St. Thomas's, New York, 1844-51 ; consec. assist, bishop of lU. Nov. 20, 1851 ; succeeded to the see on the death of Bishop Chase, 1852. _ He preached the sermon before the Pan-Anglican Council, London, in 1867. Whitfield, Hexet, first minister of Gnil- ford, Ct., b. Eng. 1597; d. Winchester, Eng., after 1651. The only son of an opulent law- yer, and educated to the law, but, preferring the ministry, he took orders, and was minister of Okely in Surrey, where he entertained the Pu- ritan divines during Laud's persecution. In 1 639 he emig. to America, and became one of the founders of Guilford, but returned in 1650. He pub. an account of the progress of the gos- pel among the Indians in 1651 ("The Light 978 appearing more and more towards the Perfect Day,"&c.); "Helps to Stir up to Christian Duties," London, 1634._ ANIEL West Point, 1832. Entering the 7th Inf., he heeame capt. 18 April, 1845; maj. 10th Inf. 20 Dec. 1860; lieut.-col. 6th Inf. 15 Feb. 1862; retired 4 Nov. 1863. He sened iu the Florida war 1839-42 and 1849-50; in the Mexican war at defence of Fort Brown, siege of Vera Cruz, and battles of Monterey and Cerro Gordo, for which he was brcT. 18 April, 1847. Author of "Army Portfolio," a series of views illustrating the Mexican war, 1849.- CiMmn. Whiting, Henry, brev. brig. -gen. U.S.A., b. Ms. ; d. St. Louis, Mo., 16 Sept. 1851. Son of Col. John (b. Lancaster, 1759, d. Washing- ton, DC, 3 Sept. 1810), a Revol. oiBcer, app. lieut.-col. 4th Inf 8 July, 1808, col. 5th Inf 31 Dee. 1809. After a brief clerkship in the dry- goods store of Amos Lawrence, Boston, he was npp. cornet of dragoons 20 Oct. 1808; was disting. at the capture of Fort George, U.C, May, 1813 ; made capt. Mar. 1817 ; dep. quarterm.-gen. 7 July, 1838; assist, quarterm. (rank of col.) 21 April, 1846; brev. brig.-gen. for services at Buena Vista 23 Feb. 1847; chief quartermaster of Gen. Taylor's army in Mexico. He edited " The Revol. Orders of Gen. Washington, 1778-82," 1844. Author of " Ontway, the Son of the Forest," a poem, 1822; " Sannilac," a poem, 1831; co-author of "Hist, and Scient. Sketches of Michigan," 1834 ; author of " The Age of Steam," &c. ; " Life of Z. M.Pike," in Sparks's " Am. Biog.," vol. XV. ; and eontrib. 14 articles to the A'. A. Whiting, CoL. Nathaniel, b. Windham, Ct., 4 May, 1724; d. 1771. Y.C. 1743. Son of Rev. Samuel, first minister of Windham (1700-25). He served with distinction in the cxped. against Cape Breton in 1745, and the same year was app. a lieut. in Pepperell's regt. ; app. in 1755 lieut.-col. of the 2d Ct. Regt. for the exped. against Crown Point; was present in the engagement near Lake George, and, when Col. Williams was killed, succeeded to the com. ; in 1758 he was again app. col. of the 2d Ct. Regt. ; shared in Abercrombie's de- feat at Ticonderoga ; and in 1759-60 in Am- herst's campaigns, ending in the conquest of Canada. Whiting, Samuel, first minister of Lynn, Ms., from Nov. 8, 1636, to his death Dec. II, 1679, b. Boston, Eng., 20 Nov. 1597. Cam- bridge U., Eng. Son of John, mayor of Bos- ton, England. He arrived at Boston, May 26, 1636. Author of " Oratio quam ComitHs'Can- loll Americanis," &c., 1664; treatise on the Last Judgment, 1649. His son Samcel was first minister of Billerica from 1663 to his d. Feb. 28, 1713; H.U. 1653. Joseph his son, also minister of Lynn, d. April 7, 1723, a. 82; H.U. 1661. Whiting, William, lawver, b. Concord, ;}>.? Ms., March 3, 1813., H.U. 1833 ; Camb. Law School, 1838. A descendant of the preceding. Ab. 1838 he began practice in Boston ; attained high rank «t the bar, and has been engaged in many important cases. Shortly after the civil war began, he advocated an entire change in the policy of the govt in carrying it on. His " War Powers of the President, and the Legis- lative Powers of Congress in Relation to Re- bellion, Treason, and Slavery," 8vo, 1862, met a great want of tlie country, and first formu- lated its war-powers. Recent editions of this work include " Militarj- Arrests in Time of War," " Reconstruction of the Union," and "Military Govt." Summoned in 1862 to Washington as solicitor of the war dept., his services for 3 years in that capacity were highly arduous and responsible. He was 5 jears pres. of the N. E. Hist.-Genealogical Society. Au- thor also of some pamphlets ; Memoir of Rev. Joseph Harrington, prefixed to his sermons, 1854. — DuifckincL Whiting, Gen. William Henry Chase, b. Ms. 1625 ; d. Governor's Island, N.Y., Mar. 10,1865. West Point, 1845. Son of Lieut.- Col. Levi. Entered engineers; was 1st lieut. Mar. 16, 1853; capt. 13 Dec. 1858; and re- signed Feb. 20, 1861. Chief engr. (rank of major) in the Army of the Slienandoah, under Gen. J. E. Johnston, in June and July, 1861 ; was app. brig.-gen., and com. a brigade whose timely arrival saved for the Confederates the battle of Bull Run, July 21 ; took part in the battle of West Point, Va., May 7, 1862 ; and was made a maj.-gen. in 1863. He built and was put in com. of Fort Fisher, N.C., in the autumn of 1864; was in charge during both attacks; and was severely wounded and taken prisoner on its capture by Gen. Terry, Jan. In, 1865. Whitman, Ezekiel, judge and M.C., b. East Biidgewater, Ms., March 9, 1776; d. there Aug. 1, 1866. Brown U. 1795. He settled as a lawyer in the Dist. of Me. in 1799 ; established himself in Portland in Jan. 1807; was a member of the exec, council in 1815 and '16, and of the Const. Conv. of 1819; was chief justice of the Common Pleas 1822-11, and also of the Supreme Court of Me., presid- ing as such from 1841 to 1848 ; was M.C. from Ms. in 1809-11 and 1817-21, and from Me. in 1821-3. Author of " Genealogy of the Descendants of John Whitman," 1832. Whitman, Sarah Helen (Power), poetess, b. Providence, R.I., 1813. In 1828 she m. John Winslow Whitman, a lawyer of Boston, since whose death, in 18.33, she has resided in Providence. She has pub. " Hours of Life and Other Poems," 1853 ; " Edgar Poo and his Critics," 1859; and critical articles on European writers. Portions of her Fairy Bal- lads were written by her sister, Anna Marsh Power. Whitman, Walter ("Walt"), poet, b. West Hilisi, N.Y., 1819. Has been a printer, school-teacher, editor, a clerk in the dept. of the interior, Washington, and 1865-70 a clerk in the office of the U.S. atty.-gen. Author of " Leaves of Grass," 1st ed. 1855, 3d ed. I860 ; " Drum-Taps," 1 865-6 ; collected poems, 8vo, 1867 ; poems selected and edited by W. M. Ro.ssetti, London, 8vo, 18C8. — AlUhone. Whitmore, Edward, gen., drowned in Plymouth Bay, Feb. 1761. At the second capture of Louisburg, in 1758, he was military gov. of the place ; col. 22d Regt., and brig.-gen. 979 Whitmore, William Henry, antiquary, b. Dorchester, Ms., Sept. 6, 1836. Son of a merchant of Boston, and educated in the schools of that city. He has pub. " Register of Mcdford Families," 1855; Genealogies of Whitmore, Temple, (1856), Lane, Reyner, and Whipple (1857), Norton, (1859), Avres (1870) ; " Handbook of Amer. Geneal.," 186-'; "Notes on the Winthrop Family," 18G4; "The Cavalier Dismounted," 1864; "Amer. Genealogist," 1868 ; edited Praed's Poems, 1860. Many years an active member of the N. E. Historic-Geneal. Soc., in whose Register many of his articles have appeared. Editor of several of the Prince Society's publications ; "Elements of Heraldry," 1866; "Ms. Civil List 1636-1774." 8vo, 1871; and of vols, i., ii., and iv.. Heraldic Jour. ; and has con- tributed articles to the N. A. Revieic, Apple- ton's " New American Cyclop.," and the Knick- erbocker. Whitney, Adeline D., b. Boston, 1824. Dau. of Enoch Train ; wife of Seth D. Whit- ney of Milton, Ms. Author of " Footsteps on the Seas," a poem, 1857 ; "Mother Goose for Grown Folks," I860; " Bovs at Chequasset," 1862; "Faith Gartncy's Girlhood," 1863; "The Gavworthys," 1865; "A Summer in Leslie Goldthwaite's Life," 1866 ; " Patience Strong's Outing,s," 1868; "Hitherto," 1869; "Real Folks," 1872. Contrib. to Oi(r Young Folks, Old and Neiv, Atlantic ilfonthli/, &c. Whitney, Eli, inventor of the'cotton-gin, b. Westborough, Ms., Dec. 8, 1765; d. N. Haven, Ct., Jan. 8, 1825. Y. C. 1792. He early displayed mechanical genius, and partly by teaching, and partly by other labor, obtained the means of a college education. In 1792 he went to Ga. as a teacher, and, while studying law, was invited by the widow of Gen. Greene to make her house his home. While there, his attention was drawn to the difficulty in sepa- rating cotton from the seed, and for months he was engaged in constructing a cotton-gin, un- der great difficulties ; being compelled to draw his iron wire, as he could obtain none in Sa- vannah, and to make his own tools. Rumors of this invention were noised about ; and, before it was finished, the building in which it was jilaecd was broken open by night, and the machine carried off. Before ho could complete his model, and obtain a patent, similar machines had been surreptitiously made, and put in opera- tion. A Mr. Miller became a partner in May, 1793; and Whitney manuf. the machines in Ct. The legisl. of S.C. granted him §50,000 for his invention, which, after vexatious delays and lawsuits, was finally paid. North Caro- lina allowed a percentage for its use 5 years, and collected and paid it over to the patentees. Tennessee promised to do the same, but after- ward rescinded her contract. For years he struggled on ; lawsuits being wrongfully de- cided against him ; his manufactory destroyed by fire; reports that his machine injured the fibre of the cotton ; Congress refusing, on ac- count of the opposition of the Southern mem- bers, to allow a renewal of the patent; until, satisfied that he should never receive a just compensation for his great invention, he en- gaged in making fire-arms for govt., from which he eventually gained a fortune. He applied several of his inventions to other manufactures of iro n and steel. — Appleton. Whitney, Frederick Acgostus, pastor at Brighton, Ms., 184.3-58, b. Quincv, Ms., 13 Sept. 1812. H.U. 1833 ; Camb. Theol. School 1838. Author of " Hist. Sketch of the Old Church at Quincy, Ms.," 1864; " Biog. of Jiimes Holton," 1865 ; " Oration at Dedication of Soldiers' Monument, Brighton, Ms.," 1866; also school and S. school re|)orts, sermons, addresses, hymns, and articles in periodicals. Whitney, JosiAH Dwight, geologist, b. Northampton, Ms., 23 Nov. 1819. Y.C. 1839. Prof, of geol. and metallurgy in H.U. since 1865. Author of " Use of the Blowpipe," &c., transl. from Berzelius, 8vo, 1845; " Metallic Wealth of the U.S.,"8vo, 1854; "Geol. Survey of California," 4to, 18G5; "Yosemite Guide- Book," 1869 ; with J. W. Foster, " Report on the Geol., &c., of Lake Superior," 1850-1 ; with James Hall, " Report on the Geol. Survey of Ohio," 8vo; " Report of Geol. Survey of the Upper Mpi. Lead Region," 8vo, 1862. tontrib. to scientific and literary journals. — Allibone. Whitney, Peter, author of a Uistorv of Worcester County (8vo, 1793), b. North- borough, Sept. 6, 1744; d. Feb. 29, 1816. H.U. 1 762. Ord. pastor of Northborough, Nov. 4, 1767. Of his sons, Peter was minister of Quincy 1800-43; George (1804-42), minister of Ro.\bury (1831-42), was author of a His- tory of Quincy, 8vo, 1827. Whitney, Thomas R., writer and poli- tician, I). N. Y. City 1804 ; d. Apr. 12, 1858. He served two years in the State Assembly ; wasM.C. in 1855-7 ; and was at one time editor of the iV. Y. Sundai/ Times. Author of a poem called the "Ambuscade," 1845; and a poli- tical work entitled " The American Policy Vindicated," 8vo, 1856. Whitney, William Dwight, Ph. D. (U. of Breslau, 1861), LL.D. (Wms. 1868), philologist, b. Northampton, Ms., Feb. 9, 1827. Wms. Coll. 1845. He studied at Berlin and Tubingen ; transcriljed from the Sanscrit MSS. the "Atharva - Vida," and with Prof. Roth pub. it (Berlin, 1856). In 1853 he returned home; in 1854 was made prof, of Sanscrit in Y.C, and became an active officer of the Oriental Society. He is one of the co-laborers of Bohtlingk and Roth in the Sanscrit Dictionary, pub. at St. Petersburg. He hascontrib. articles on Orien- tal Philology and Literature to the New Amer. Cycloptedia. In 1870 he received from the Roy. Acad, of Sciences of Berlin a prize for a work on Sanscrit Orthography. He has been a contrib. to the N. A. li/view, the New-Eng- lander, the Journal of the Am. Oriental Society, &.C. Pros, of the Am. Philol. Soc. 1869; mem- ber of many learned societies. He pub. "Lectures on Language," 1867; a " German Grammar," 1869 ; " German Reader," 1870. Whiton, John Milton, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1848), clergyman and author, b. Winchendon, Ms., Aug. r, 1785 ; d. Antrim, N.H., Sept. 28, 1856. Y.C. 1805. Son of Dr. Israel. Ord. pastor of the church in Antrim, Sept. ig till 18.53. He pub. a History of Antrim, 1852; a History of N. Hampshire for schools, 1834; and at the time of bis death 080 was preparing a History of Presbyterianism in N.H. In 1846 he pub. in the N.'H. lie-iosilorij a statistical account of tlie Cong, and Presli. ministers of Hillsborough County. Whittemore, Amos, inventor, b. Cam- briilge, Ms., Apr. 19, 1759; d. W. Cambridge, JIar. 27, 1828. Tlie son of a farmer. He worked for some years as a gunsmith, and finally formed a copartnership with his bro. and others for the manuf. of cotton and wool cards. He soon after invented a machine for puncturing the leather, and setting the wires, — a work previously performed by hand. He found the greatest difficulty in bending the wires to a given angle after they were Hnally fastened in the leather, and was on the point of abandoning the attempt, when in a dream he discovered the method of effecting it. The invention was patented in 1797, and it was sold for 8150,000; but afterward Samuel his bro. repurchased it, and carried on the business. Amos devoted liis later years to the invention of an orrery, in wliicli eyery planet was to describe its own orbit, but did not live to com- plete \t.— Howe's Ulst. qfhwentors. Whittemore, Thomas, D.D., clergyman, b. Boston, Jan. 1, 1800; d. Cambridge; Ms., Mar. 21, 1861. Apprenticed successively to a morocco-dresser, a brass-founder, and a boot- maker, and finally studied for the ministry under Rev. H. Baliou. In April, 1821, he was pastor of a Universalist church in Milford, Ms. ; in 1822-.31 he preached in Cambridge- port, and resided in Cambridge till he died. Joint editor of the Unwersalist Mat/., and in 1S28 began to pub. the Trumpet, a Universalist new.-ipaper in Boston, of wliich he was sole editor and proprietor for nearly 30 years. Pres. of the Vt. ami Ms. Railroad, and represented Cambridge repeatedly in the State legisl. In 1830 he pub. a " History of Universalism," which he afterward enlarged, the first vol. ap- pearing in 1860, and the second being, at the time of his death, nearly ready for the press. His other works are, " Notes and Illustrations of the Parables," 1832 ; " Songs of Zion," 1836 ; "Plain Guide to Universalism," 1839; " The Gospel Harmonist," 1841 ; " Conference Hymns," 1842; "Sunday-school Choir," 1844; "Commentary on Revelation," 1838 ; "Com- mentary on Daniel ; " " Lives of Walter Bal- four and Hosea Ballon ; " " Autobiography," 12mo. 1860. Whittier, John Greenleaf, poet, b. Ha- verhill, Ms., Dec. 17, 1807. Joseph his grand- father, grandson of Thomas of Newbury, b. 1716, d. H. 10 Oct. 1796, m. Sarah Greenleaf of Newbury. John G. worked on a farm until 18, writing occasional verses for the Haverhill Gazette, and turning his hand to shoemaking. After two years' study at the town acad., he became in 1829 editor, at Boston, o( the Amer. Mann/hcturer, a newspaper in the tariff interest. In 1830 he succeeded to Brainerd's paper at Harlfbrd, and wrote the prefatory memoir of that poet for his " Remains," pub. 1832 ; edit. Gazette at Haverh. 1832 and 1836. In 1831 appeared his " Legends of New England ; " its sequel, " The Supernaturalism of New Eng- land," in 1847; "Moll Pitcher," a tale of a witch of Nahant ; " " Mogg Megone," an Indian story, 1836 ; and " The Bridal of Pennacook," also an Imlian poem. In 1 833 he pub. an essay entitled " Justice and Expediency, or Slavery considered with a View to its Abolition." Aficr 1 iVw \ 11, ^pcnt at home in farming, ami ! . I . ,i- town in the State legisl. (1- _ !^ 'I i:i the proceedings of the Aiiti-1, Miv Si. .ly; was elected its sec. in 183G; anil', in di-fence of its principles, edited the Pa. Freeman in Phila. in 1838-40. " The Voices of Freedom" (1841) afford the best specimen of his antislavery effusions. In 1840 Mr. Whittier took up his residence at Ames- bury, where he has since resided, and whence he forwarded his eontribs. to the National Era, Washington. He has also pub. " Songs of Labor and Other Poems," 1848 ; " Old Por- traits and Mo gvman, b. Eng. Oct. 1^ I . l i . !- n, Ms., June 10, 1705. II. U. H.il- .--.n -i lOdward of N. Haven, and came witli luni tu tiiis coun- try in 1638. After graduating, be was a fellow and tutor in the college a short time. In 1 656 he was ord. over the church at .MaMcn, where he remained "for al.iMii :i ji.M; . .I' \cars" till his death. Frci|iiMi i : , I liiui at times to suspend his pn.;- ' , Imt lie was able in tlie intervi: i n i m literary labor. He pub. in liii- I. I' iDoom," "" ■ ■ , i , ;.. in this lira long I I ^ Ml N. E.; in 1669 he pub. another pucni,^ "Meat out of the Eater," which has passed 'through 6 edi- tions. He left in manuscript a poem entitled " God's Controversy with New England," printed in the Proc. of the Ms. Hist. Society, 1871. After the death of John Rogers, in 1684, he was offered the presidency of H.C., but dcLlincd it on account of his health. He ].rr:h II. ij il, ( ii. mi III Election Sermon in 1686, au'l I .\ ! 'ion Sermon 'in 1696. He wii- ,1 iilnsician. — See Memoir of ItV/ ."■ ■/ ;./, ir. /A,/», 8vo, 1871. Wight, MoSKis, .,,11 li: ,11, i,,. ,,ainter, b. Boston, 2 Apr. Isj: I'- , mt at 18; went to Europe in 1>.'' I ■ ilaiepor- traitsof Hon. U. D, l; I n ,1 niiAle.x. Von Humli,ii,li ; ■ n i I i I ,,!v; and has since ]inh : : i i l '> i "ith suc- cess. Amoii^ |,. :, ;i I ' .,11(1 Ever- ett, Jo.siah Qiiiip; , I I ,, , mil Prof. Agassiz. In 1860 In -: , , I i.-v under Couture, and has sii mn large ideal works, "The .'■ i !' m " and " Eve at the Fountain ' ^i i In litvisitto Europe in 1865-7, he has piuiluccd several cabinet, figure, and interior subjects, among them " Le Scizieme Siecle," " Lisette," " Les Confidants," " The Old Cuirassier," " John Alden and Priseilla," and " Pet's First Gate." Wight, Orlando Williams, author, b. Centrerille, N.Y., Feb. 19. 1824. He studied at Westfleld Acad. an,l lio.hc.tcr Collegiate Institute, and then tin.i I i i r,iirn|„.. He has contrib. to the I. i j i mid has pub. "ThePhilosop!,^ : • -'> 1 i miilton," 1853; "Life of Abciii.l mil I !■ Imi-.," 1853 ; translations of Cousin's " History of .Modern Philosophy," 1852; "The True, the Beauti- tiful, the Good," 1854; and "Pascal's Thiin-lits," l.S.iO. Ho has also edited and re- \]-.,-A I L' \,i:- ,1,- livii.i, Classics, 1858-60; " 'Iji. III. I I , ,1 IS vols. ; transl. lJ,il,,M^ \m , u c.ntrib. to N.A. Jl.r-, .\- J: . ' i :. xr_ lie has in prep, a Diction, in III riiikis. Science, 8vo. Wlgnell, TiioiiAS, manager Phila. Thea- tre ; ,1. tlKiv IS l\li, 1803 ; b. Eng. First app. at the Jolui-st. Theatre, N.Y"., 1785, as Joseph Surface ; became manager Chestnut-st. Thea- tre in 1794 ; m. Mrs. Merry 1 Jan. 1803. Wikoff, Henry, b. P'bila., where he was TVTL, adm. to the bar. Author of " Life of Nap. Louis Bonaparte," N.Y., 1S49; "My Court- .ship and its Consequences," 1855; "Adven- tures of a rising Diplomatist," 1 856 ; " A New- Yorker in the Foreign Office," &c., 1853. — See also " Trial of Wikoff and Others for a Con- spiracv," 8vo, 1852. — Allilmie. Wilbur, Miss Anne T. (Mrs. Wood), dau. of Hev. Hervey Wilbur, b. Wendell, Ms., 1817. A resident of Newburyport, Ms. Transl. " The Solitary of Juan Fernandez," and other works, from the French. Contrib. as " Florence Leigh " to periodicals ; has edited the Ladies' Mag. and the Ladies' Casket, 1848; has transl. "The Roman Question," by E. About, 1859; and pub. " Romance of a Mummy," 1860. Wilbur, John, a minister of the Society of Friends, founder of the " Wilburite " sect, b. Hopkinton, R.L, 1774 ; d. 1856. Ab. 1838 he was accused of circulating statements de- rogatory to the character of Joseph J. Gurncy ; and in Jan. 1 843 he was disowned. His friends, however, believing him to have been unfairly and harshly dealt with, set up an independent yearly meeting, and are popularly designated " Wilburites." — 6'ee Journal and Conesp. of John Wilbur. WilcockS, Alexander, M.D., b. Phila. 1817. Jeff. Med. Coll. 1844. Author of "Es- say on the Tfdes," 1855 ; " Temporary Star of the Year 1572," 1860 ; " Influence of Ether in the Solar System," &e., 1864; papers in Med. Exam. 1845, Jour. Med. Sci. 1847.— Allihone. Wilcox, Gen. Cadmus Makcellhs, b. N.C. ab. 1825. West Point, 1846. Adj. and A.D.C. to Gen. Quitman 1847-8; and brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Chapultepec 13 Sept. 1847 ; assist, instr. of inf. tactics at West Point 1852; capt. 7th Inf.; resigned 8 June, 1861 ; app. brig. -gen. C.S.A. 21 Oct. 1861 ; 3 Aug. 1863 promoted maj.-gcn. com. division in A. P. Hill's (3d) Corp. He com. a(brigade in Ander- son's div. at Gettysburg, and surrendered with Lee. Author of " Rifles and Rifle-Practice," N.Y. 1859; "Evolutions of the Line," 1860; " Tabular Statements of the Austrian and French Armies," 1861. Wilcox, Carlos, poet, b. Newport, N.H., Oct. 22, 1794; d. Danbury, Ct., May 29, 1827. Mid. Coll. 1813; And. Scm. 1817. 'His father was a farmer, and in 1797 removed to Orwell, Vt. He began to preach in Hartford, Ct., 1818, but after a few months was obliged by illness to desist. In 1822 he pub. at Salisbury, Ct., his poem, " The Age of Benevolence. In 1 824 he delivered a poem before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Y'.C. on " The Religion of Taste." In 1824-6 he was pastor of the North Church, Hartford. After the restoration of his health by a few months' travel, he accepted a call to Danbuiy at the close of 1826. His " Re- mains " were pub. in 1828. — Dui/ckinck. Wilcox, Piuneas Bacon, lawyer, b. 1795; d. Columbus, 0., 25 Mar. 1863. Y.C. 1821. In successful practice at Columbus nearly 40 years. Author of " Ohio Reports," vol. X. ; several vols, of condensed and digested " Ohio Reports ; " " Ohio Forms and Practice," 1833 ; " Forms in Action and in Chancery," 1858 ; In " CivU Procedure," 1862. Wilde, Richard Henry, scholar and lawyer, b. Dublin, Ireland, 24 Sept. 1789; d. N. Orleans 10 Sept. 1847. His father came to Baltimore in 1797, and d. 1802. He received Irom Ids mother liis poetic talent and his edu- cation. In 1803 he removed to Augusta, Ga. Was adm. to the bar in Mar. 1 809 ; soon rose to the head of the profession ; became atty.-gen. of the State; M.C. in 1815-17, 1824-5, and in 1827-35 ; and was distiiig. as an orator. He visited Europe in 1835-40, and on his return devoted himself to literature, polities, and the law. While in Florence, he discovered some documents concerning Dante, and also an original painting of the great poet on the wall of the Chapel of Bargetto. He left a MS. vol. of the poet's life. Author of " The Love, Mad- ness, and Imprisonment of Tasso," 2 vols. 1842, and" Hesperia ; " wrote for the JSoullurn Review an article on Petrarch; and contrib. to the magazines. From 1843 to his d. he was prof, of law in the U. of La. at New Orleans. His literary productions are numerous, and bear the impress of a gifted and highly educa^ ed mind. One of his lyrics, entitled " My Life is like a Summer Rose," received the praise of Lord Byron. Wilde, Samuel Sdmner, LL.D. (Bowd. 1817; H.U. 1841), jmist, b. Taunton, Feb. 5, 1771 ; d. Boston, June 22, 1855. Dartm. Coll. 1789. Son of Daniel. He was adm. to the bar in Sept. 1792, and the same year was m. to Eunice, dau. of Gen. David Cobb. He prac- tisedsuecessively in Waldoborough, Warren, and Hallowell, Me., removing to the latter place in 1799, after representing W arren two years in the legisl. In 1814 he was elected a State councillor. He was also one of the delegates to the Hartford Conv. ; judge Ms. Sup. Court 1815-50. In 1820 he removed from Hallowell to Newbnryport, and in 1831 to Boston. Dele- gate from Newburyport to the State Const. Conv. of 1820 ; member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. His judicial career was disting. by great legal learning and stern integrity ; and he was accounted one of the best nisi pnus judges in JIs. His dau. Caroline m. Caleb Cushing. He pub. " Oration 4 July, 1797 ; " " Masonic Oration," 1799. Wilder, Marshall Pincknet, one of the most useful men of his time, b. Rindge, N.H., 22 Sept. 1798. Educated at the common schools and at Ipswich Acad. He worked on his father's farm ; then became a merchant ; and, establishing himself in Boston in 1825, lias for many years been a prominent and successful business-man. He has been active in the Ms. Hortic. Soc; was its pres. in 1840-8 ; pres. of the Amer. Pomological Soc. since that date ; of the U. S. Agric. Soc. 1852-8; of the N. E. Historic-Genealogical Soc. since 1869 ; member of the Ms. house of reps. 1839; councillor 1840; State senator 1841, and pres. of that body in 1850'. He initiated the organization of the State Board of Agriculture, the estab- lishment of an agric. college and of the U.S. Agric. Soc, and has held many important trusts beside those enumerated above. He has delivered many addresses and speeches, and contrib. valuable papers on hybridization to hortic. journals. Wildey, Thomas, founder of the Odd Fellows in Amenca, b. Eng. Jan. 15, 1783 ; d. Baltimore, Oct. 19, ISGl. He came to this country lid bei Baltimore his P^ trade of coach-spring making. The first lodge was established at Bait, by him in 1819, and he was grand-sire from 182.^ to 1833. Wiley, C.\LviN Hesdersox, b. Guilford Co., N.C., 1819. U. of N.C. 1840. Member Iei;isl. 1850 and 1852, and gen. supt. common schools of N.C. Dec. 1852. Author of " Ala- mance," a novel; "Adventures of Old Dan Tucker," 1851 ; " Utopia, Early Life at the South," 1852; "Life in the South, a compan- ion to Uncle Tom's Cabin," 1852; "Sober View of Slavery ; " " Roanoke," 18G6 ; " Elo- cution and Oratory," 1869 ; polit. pamphlets. Editor South. Weekly Post, Raleigh; Oxford Mercuri). Contrib. to Sartain's Mag., Sat. Even. Post, &c. — AlUbone. h Wilkes, CnAHLES, rear-adm. U.S.N., ' • nephew of the celebrated John Wiikes of Lon- , , >, don, b. N. y. City 1801. Midshipman 1 Jan. ^toA-oC 1818; lieut. 28 Apr.1826; com. 13 July, 1843; ^ / Z . *apt. 14 Sept. 1855; commo. 16 July, 18C2; />r r^/i'/i-ear-adm. (retired list) 25 July, 1866. In 18-30 /he was app. to the dcpt. of charts and instru- ' ments. 18 Aug. 1838 he left Norfolk, Va., in com. of 5 vessels, for an exploring exped. to the South Seas : after visiting the islands of the Pacific, they discovered the Antarctic conti- nent, which they coasted westward for more than 70 degrees. For this and other contribu- tions to science, Wilkes received a gold medal from the Geog. Soc. of London. The explora- tions included the Hawaiian group and the North-west coast; and he reached N.Y. harbor 10 June, 1842. Sent in I8C1 to the W. Lidies in the frigate " San Jacinto " to look after the Confcd. steamer " Sumter," he took Messrs. Mason and Slidcll from the British raail-steam- er " Trent," Nov. 8, and conveyed them to Boston. He was thanked by Congress, and re- ceived the applause of the people ; but his course was finally disapproved by the Pres. 23 Aug. 1862, while com. the flotilla on the James River, he destroyed City Point. He afterward com. a squadron in the W. Indies, capturing many blockade-runners. Author of " Narra- tive of the U. S. Explo. Exped.," 5 vols. 1845 ; in 1851, "Voyage round the World," &c., a concise account of the same ; " Western Amer- ica," 1849; "Meteorology of the Explo. Ex- ped.," 1851; and " Theory of Winds," 1856. Wilkes, George, editor and proprietor of the Spirit of the Tinus. Author of " His- tory of California," 8vo, 1845; "Europe in a Hurry," 12mo, 1852. In 1870 he received from the Emperor of Russia the grand cross of the order of St. Stanislas for suggesting an overland railway to China and India by way of Kus,«ia. Wilkins, William, statesman. em Pa. 1779 ; d. near 23,1865. Sonof John, 1 settler of Pittsburg, Ini . ing the "Whiskey In -I. I burg, 1816, a. .54. Wi ii Pittsburg. In 1810 was Manuf. Co., and was until 1819 pres. of the Bank of Pittsburg. Ho then entered the Juno early Pittsburg legisl. ; was U. S. senator in 1831-4 ; minister to Russia 1834; M.C. 184.3-4; sec. of war 1844-5 ; and judge of the U.S. Dist. Court for Western Pennsylvania. Wilkinson, Gen. James, b. near Bene- dict, Md., 1757 ; d. near Mexico City, Dec. 28, 1825. He studied at the Medical School of PMla in 1773, and, after the battle of Bunk- er's Hill, repaired to the camp at Cambridge ; March, 1776, Washington made him a capt. in Reed's N.II. re"t., in which he served under Arnold in the Northern army ; July, 1776, ha was app. brigade-major ; in Dec. was sent by Gates to the com.-in-chief with despatches, and assisted in the battles at Trenton and Prince- ton ; lieut.-col. Jan. 12, 1777 ; on Gates's app. to com. the Northern army, he was made adj.- gen. (May 24), and bore to Congress the offi- cial despatches announcing Burgoyne's surren- der. He received the brev. of brig.-gen., and was appointed sec. to the board of war, of which Gates was pres. Implicated in the Conway Cabal, he resigned his secretaryship, and July 24, 1779, was app. clothier-gen. to the army, After the peace, he settled in Lexington, Ky., with his family, and engaged in mercantila transactions, particularly in a tobacco contract with the Spanish gov. of La. App. lieut.-col. com. 2d Inf. Nov. 7, 1791 ; com. an exped. on the Wabash in 1791-2; brig.-gen. March 5, 1 792 ; com. right wing of Wayne's army at tho Maumce Kapids, and was disting. ; received Louisiana from the French, as joint commiss. with Gov. Claiborne, in Dec. 1 803 ; gov. of La. Terr. 1805-7; gen.-in-chicf of the army, Dee. 1796-July, 1798, and June, 1800-Jan. 1812; remained at the head of the Southern dept. until his court-martial in 1811, which grew out of the enmity of Burr's friends at his activity in exposing his plans, and the charge of being in the pay of Spain, and was honor- ably acquitted. App. brcv. maj.-gen. July 10, 1812; maj.-gen. ^lar. 1813; in April, 1813, ha reduced Mobile, and fortified Mobile Point ; and in May was ordered to the northern frontier. His operations against Canada were totally unsuccessful, principally on account of dis- agreement mth Gen. Wade Hampton ; and ho was tried by a court-martial, but was acquitted of all blame. On the reduction of the army in 1815, he was discharged. Having become pos- sessor of large estates in Mexico, he removed to that country, where he died. He pub. at Phila., in 1816, "Memoirs of My Own Times," 3 vols. 8vo. He was elegant in person and manners, and sumptuous and hospitable in his living. Wilkinson, Jemima, a religious impos- tor, b. Cumberland, R.I., ab. 1753; d. July 1, 1819. She was educated a Quaker, and ob- tained distinction in the sect. Recovering sud- denly from an apparent suspension of life, experienced during a fit of sickness ab. 1773, she asserted that she had been raised from tha dead, and claimed to be invested with divine attributes, as well as authority to instruct man- kind in religion. She made a few proselytes, with whom, in 1789, she removed to N.Y., and settled on the tract called Jerusalem, Yates Co., where she resided until her death. SPa professed to be able to work miracles. Though she inculcated poverty, her dupes enabled her 984 (o live in a style of elegance ; and she was care- ful to be the owner of lands, purchased in the name of her companion, Rachel Miller. When she preached, she stood in the door of her bed- chamber, wealing a wai^tcnnt, stmk, and a white silk cravat. After h.r a hIi. i'k' sr, t was entirely broken up. Sho i-i-i 1 " i '■'•! Sha- ker doctrine of celibacy ; an I ili ■ r... r i.-, s of her religious meetings resembled tliuse ul that sect. Willard, Col. Abijah, loyalist, h. Lan- caster, Ms., 1722; d. Lancaster, N.B., May, 1789. Son of Col. Samuel. He served at the talcing of Cape Breton ; rose to the rank of capt., and was wounded in that campaign ; com. a Ms. regt. in the campaign of 1759 un- der Amherst; was a loyalist; and in 1778 was proscribed, and his property confiscated. He settled in New Brunswick, and was a member of the Prov. council. Willard, Emiia C. (Hart), teacher and author, b. N. Berlin, Ct., Feb. 23, 1787; d. Troy, N \'., April 15, 1870. Descended from Thos. Hooker, the founder of Hartlbrd. At 1 6 she began teaching in her native town ; was successively principal of several academies; and while at Middlebury, Vt., in 1809, m. Dr. John Willard. In 1821 she commenced her celebrat- ed school, the Troy Female Sem., with which she was connected till 1S39. In 1830 she made a tour in Europe, and on her return pub. her "Journal and Letters," 12mo, 1833, devoting her share of the proceeds of the sale to the sup- port of a school in Greece, founded mainly by her exertions, for the education of female teach- ers. Mrs. Willard long resided in Hartlbrd,. where she wrote and pub. addresses on Female Education; a "Manual of American History;" a " Treatise on Ancient Geography ; " a small vol. of "Poems," 1830; a "Treatise on the Motive Powers which produce the Circulation of the Blood," 1846; "History of the Mexi- can War and California," gvo, 1849; "Last Leaves of American History," a continuation of her Manual ; " Universal History in Per- spective," 1837; "Temple of Time," 1844; "Historic Guide," 1847; "Respiration and its Ell'ects ; " " Astronography ; " " Morals for the Young," 1857 ; "Astronomy," 1853. One of her best known poems is the ocean-hymn, " Rocked in the Cradle of the Deep." Willard, Francbs E., pres. of the Evans- ton Coll. for Ladies, h. near Rochester, N.Y., 28 Sept. 1839. Northw. Fem. Coll. 1858. Of N. Eng. parentage, and descended from a race of teachers. She followed the same profession in various Western towns; afterward taught the natural sciences in her alma mater ; in 1867 was app. preceptress of Genesee Wesl. Sem. at Lima, N.Y.; and Feb. 14, 1871, was elected pres. of the coll. recently established in connec- tion with the North-western U. in deference to the popular idea of the co-education of the sexes. Tliis is the first time that etich an honor was ever conferred upon a woman ; and Miss Wil- lard's eminent fitness for the position hus been abundantly manifested. In 1869-71, in com- pany with her fi-iend and benefactress. Miss Kate A. Jackson of Paterson, N. J., she made an extended foreign tour, visiting Europe, Syria, and Egypt. In 1871 she lectui-ed successfully in Chicago, her theme being " The New Chival- ry," the educational aspects of the Woman Question. Besides numerous contrilis. to peri- odicals. Miss W. in 1864 pub. "Nineteen Beau- tiful Years," a tribute to a deceased sister, which has been highlv commended. Willard, Johx'Dwight, LL.D., judge N.Y. Circuit CVuut, b. Lancaster 4 Nov. 1799; d. Troy, N.Y., 16 Oct. 1864. D.C. 1819. Adm. to the N.Y. liar ab. 1823; began practice iu Troy in 1826 ; was editor of the Troy Sentinel some years ; served as a State senator ; and was a judge C.C.P. Left 810,000 to Dartm. Coll. Author of " Treatise on Equity Juris- prudence," 18.'>5 ; " Law of Executors, Ad- ministrators, and Guardians," 8vo, 1839; "Law of Real Estate," 1861. Willard, Joseph, D.D., LL.D., clergy- man, ijres. of H.U., b. Biddeford, Me., Dt'c. 29, 1738; d. N. Bedford, Ms., Sept. 25, 1804. HU. 1765. Losing his father. Rev. Samuel, minister of Biddeford (1725-41), at an early age, he went to sea, and made several coasting- voyages. He was enabled by the generosity of some friends to enter college ; was tutor there in 1 766-72 ; was ord. colleague with Rev. Joseph Champney at Beverly, Nov. 25, 1772 ; and was inducted into the presidency of Har- vard, Dee. 19, 1781. He pub. a few sermons ; a Latin address on the death of Washington, prefixed to Tappan's discourse, 1800 ; and some math, and astron. papers in the Memoirs of the Amer. Academy. Willard, Joseph, antiquarian, son of the preceding, b. Cambridge, Ms., March 14, 1798 ; d. Boston, May 12, 1865. H.U. 1816. He studied law. Settled ahnut 1<;29 in Boston. Corresp. sec. of the Ms. lli-i Siu i. tv IS29-64; app. master in chancery m i>:;,i ; rink (jf the Sup. Court 18-39-56; 'rl'ik ul ilic .Superior Court from 1856 until his death. Author of a " History of Lancaster," 1826; the Life of his ancestor, Simon Willard, with a Family Genealogy, 8vo, 1858 ; " Address on the 200th Anniv. of the Town of Lancaster," 8vo, 1853 ; " Naturalization iu the Anicr. Colonies," 1859 ; " Letter to an English Friinil on the Rebellion in the U.S.," 1862 ; contribs. to hist, and lite- rary periodicals. His son Maj. Sidney (H.U. 1852), h. Lancaster, Ms., Feb. 3, 1831, fell at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. He studied and practised law in Boston. Was made maj. 35th Ms. Regt. Aug. 27, 1862. He was the writer of the article in the Atlantic Monthli/ entitled " A Night in a Wherry ; " was a dis- ting. oarsman at college, and skilful in athletic sports. Willard, Samdel, divine and author, h. Concord, Ms., Jan. 31, 1640; d. Sept. 12.1707. H.U. 1659. Son of Maj. Simon. Settled min- ister of Groton in 1G63, but was driven thence bv the Indian war of 1676; became colleague With Mr. Thacher of the Old South Church, Boston, April 10, 1678; and as vice-pres., on the death of Pres. Mather (Sept. 6, 1701), took the superintendence of H.U. till his death. He opposed the proceedings of the courts during the witchcraft persecutions. His chief work is his " Body of Divinity," a folio vol. made up of monthly lectures delivered for 19 years, and pub. 1726; also author of " Brief Animadver- 985 sions," &c., 1681 ; " The Fountain Opened," &c., 12mo, 1700; sermons and treatises. His son JosiAH (b. 1 Miiv, 1681) was sec. of Ms. from June, 1717, to his d., 6 Dec. 1756. H.U. 1698. App. judge of probate in 1731, mem- ber of the council 1 734. Willard, Samtol, D. D. (II. U. 1826), Unitarian divine, b. Petersham, Ms., Apr. 19, 1776; d. Deerfield, Ms., Oct. 8, 1859. H.U. 1S03. He was in 1804-5 tutor in Bowd. Coll. Was ord. over the church in Deerfield, Sept. 3, 1807, and resigned the pastorate in Sept.. 1829 on account of loss of sight. Author of the " DecrfieUI Coll. of Sacred Music;" "Origi- nal Hvwius," 1823 ; " Index to the Bible, with Juvcnik- Hymns," 1826; "Coll. of Hymns," 1830 ; •■ Rhetoric," 1831 ; "Introd. to the Lat- in LanL'na;,'e," 1835, &c. Member of the Amir. Aciid. of Arts and Sciences. Willard, Sidnet, prof, of Hebrew in H. U. in 1807-31, b. Beverly, Ms., 19 Sept. 1780; d. Cambridge, 6 Dec. 1856. H.U. 1798; li- 'brarian there 1800-5. Son of Pres. Joseph of H.U. At one time a preacher; frequently a member of the legisl. and council; mayor of Cambridge 1848-51. Author of "Memories of Youth and Manhood," 2 vols. 12mo, 185.t; and contrib. to the Monthly Anthology, Christ. Exam . and the A^. A. Review. Willard, Majok Simon of Salem, b. Kent, Eiig. ; baptized 7 Apr. 1605 ; d. Charles- town, Ms., where he was holding a court, April 24, 1676. He came to N.E. in 1634; was a chief settler of Concord ; then lived in Lancas- ter and Groton, and finally, in 1676, in Salem. He held various civil ofSces, and was skilful as a soldier. Willard, William, portrait-painter, b. Sturbridge, Ms., 1819. Began portrait-painting ah. 1849; has made successful pictures of Jenny Lind, Daniel Webster, Choate, Lincoln, and other noted persons; and since 1866 has been fully occupied with his profession in Worces- ter,' Mass. Willeox, Orlando Bolivar, brev. maj.- gen. U.S.A., b. Detroit, Mich., 16 Apr. 1823. West Point, 1847. Entered 4th. Art; served in Texas, and iii the final campaign in Florida, by which he suffered greatly in health ; and re- signed 10 Sept. 1857. Adm. to the Detroit bar in 1858, he practised with success until May 24, 1861, when he became col. of the 1st Mich. Regt., the first to arrive at the theatre of war fruTu the West. With Col. Ellsworth, he took jiossession of Alexandria ; com. a brigade at ihe battle of Bull Run, where he was con- spicuous for gallantry ; was severely wounded, and taken prisoner; exchanged in Aug. 1862; brig.-gen. vols., dating from July 21, 1861. He was in the battles of Antietain and Fredericks- burg, and was temporarily in com. of the 9th corps in Central Ky. Engaged in the opera- tions in E. Tenn., Sept. '63 to Mar.' '64 ; com. div. 9th corps in the Richmond campaign end- ing with Lee's surrender; brev. maj.-general vols. 1 Aug. 1864 for gallantry in several ac- tions after crossing the Rapidan ; and brig.- gen. U.S.A. for the battle of Spottsylvania ; col. 29th Inf. July 28, 1866; col. 12th Inf. 1869; brev. maj.-gen. March 2, 186", for cap- ture of Petersburg. Author of " Shoepack Recollections," 1856; "A Wayside Glimpse of American Life," 1856; " Fuca, an Army Memoir, by Maj. March," 1857. — Ck/Zk/h. Willett, Col. Marinos, Revol. soldier, b. Jamaica, L.I., July 31, 1740; d. N. York, Aug. 22, 1830. Col. Coll. 1776. A lifut. in Delancey's regt. in the unfortunate attack upon Ticonderoga, in which he displayed great cool- ness and bravery ; and served in Bradstrcet's exped. against Fort Frontenac. Early in 1775 Willett entered M'Dougal's regt. as second capt. ; joined the exped. of Montgomery ; com. the post of St. John's until Jan. 1776, when he returned home,lind was soon afterwards app. liout.-col. 3d N.Y. Regt. ; May 18, 1777, he was ordered to Fort Stanwix, which was invested ab. the 3d of Aug. by Col. St. Leger with a large force of regulars and Indians. In order to effect a diversion in favor of Gen. Herkimer, who was collecting a body of militia to raise the siege, Col. Willett made a successful sally, and the siege was raised on the approach of Arnold. In June, 1778, he joined the army of Washington, and was present at the battle of Monmouth; in 1779 he accomp. Sullivan's successful exped. against the Indians. At the close of the war he was sheriff of N. Y. City (1784-92), and was mayor in 18U7. In 1792 he was app. brig.-gen. in the army intended to act against the North-western Indians, hut declined. He pub. an Autobiography. A Memoir, by his son Wra. M. Willett, was pub. 8vo, New York, 1831. Williams, Gen. Alpheus Starkey, b. Saybrook, Ct., Sept. 20, 1810. Y.C. 1831. In 1836-41 he practised law in Detroit; judge of probate for his county 1841-5; and editor and proprietor of the Detroit Dally Advertiser 1843-7. In the Mexican war he was lieut.-col. of Stockton's Mich. Vols., and was postmas- ter of Detroit in 1849-53. App. brig.-gen. 17 May, 1861, he organized the Mich. Vols, un- til Sept. ; joined Gen. Banks in com. of the 1st division in his corps in March, 1862. At the battle of Cedar Mount.ain, one-third of his division were killed or wounded. He com. this division of Slocura's (12th) corps at Antietam, at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsvillc, and at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863; served under Sherman in the Atlanta campaign ; succeeded Slocum in com. of the 20th corps in Nov. 1864, and led it in the "march to the sea," and the campaign in the Carolinas, Dec. 1864-May, 1865. Minister to the republic of San Salva- dor 1866-9. Williams, Col. Benjamin, Revol. pa- triot, b. N. C. 1754; d. Moore Co. July 20, 1814. He entered the army as a capt.; was disting. and made col. at the battle of Guil- ford ; served many years in the State legisl. ; was M.C. in 1793-5 ; was gov. of N.C. 1799- 1802 and 1807-8, and State senator 1808-9. Williams, Mrs. Catharine R., b. Provi- dence 1790; living therein Dec. 1871. Author of " Original Poems," 1828 ; " Religion at Home," 1829; " Tales, National and Revol.," 2 scries, 1830-5; "Aristocracy," 1832; "Fall River," 1833; "Lives of Barton and Olney," 1839; "Neutral French," 1841 ; "Annals of the Aristocracy " (of R. I.), 1842-5. Williams, Charles Kilbourne, LL.D. WIL 'W^i. (Mid. Coll. 1834), jurist, b. Camhi-idfe'e, Ms., J;in. 24, 1782; d. Rutland, Vt., Mar. 9, 1853. Wm-s. Coll. 1800. Son of Piof. Samuel. He became an eminent practitioner at the bar of Rutland Co. In 1812 served one campaign on the northern frontier; was frequently a repre- sentative between 1809 and 1821, and again in 1849; State attorney in 1814 and '15; judge of the Sup. Court in 1822-4 and 1829-42; collector of customs for the dist. of Vt. 1825- 9 ; chief justice of the Sup. Court 1842-6, and ex officio chancellor of the State ; pres. of the council of censors in 1847; and gov. 1850-2. A Memoir of his Life was piA. by Hon. Isaac T. Redtield. Williams, Charles Langdon, b. Rut- land, Vt., 1821 ; d. there 10 Feb. 1861. Wnis. Coll. 1839. Adm. to the bar in 1842; prac- tised at Brandon, Vt., in 1844-8; and after- ward resided in Rutland. Author of" Statistics of the Rutland-Co. Bar," 1847; " Statutes of Vt.," 8vo, 1851 ; " Vt. Sup.-Court Reports," vols. 27-29, 1855-7. Williams, David R., gov. S.C. 1814-16; killed hy accident at a new bridge, Nov. 15, 1830. M.C. 1805-9 and 1811-13'; brig.-gen. July 9, 1813, to Aprils, 1814. Williams, Edwin, statistical writer, b. Norwich, Ct., 1797; d. N. Y. City, Oct. 21, 1854. Son of Gen. Joseph, a Revol. officer. He pub. Williams's Annual Register {\S30-i5} ; " Statesman's Manual," 4 volumes 8vo, 1854; " Politician's Manual," 1832 ; " New Universal Gazetteer," 1833 ; "Book of the Constitution," 1833; "New York as It Is in 1833," f< seg.; "Arctic Voyages," 1835; " Pol it. History of Ireland," 1843; "Presidents of the U.S.," 1849 ; " Twelve Stars of the Republic," 1850. He was also one of the authors of " The Napo- leon Dynasty," and was a constant contrib. to periodicals. Many years sec. to the American Institute, and an active working-member of the Hist., Geog., and Statistical Societies, as well as of the Mechanics' Institute. Williams, Rev. Eleazer ; d. Hogans- burg, N.Y., Aug. 28, 1858, a. ab. 73. He fs supposed to have been a grandson of Eunice, daughter of " the redeemed captive." In his youth he was put to school at Longmeadow, Ms. When the war with England broke out in 1812, he became confidential agent of govt, among the Indians; served with bravery in severuiengngemcnts; and was severely wounded at Plattsbuig in 1814. After the war ho con- nected himself with the Prot.-Epis. Church, officiating for several years as lay-reader among the Oneida Indians; and in 1826 was ord. mis- sionary in Northern N. Y. and in Wis. Terr, for many years. He derives his notoriety from an article by Rev. Mr. Hanson in Putnam's Mag., entitled "Have we a Bourbon among Us f " and a subsequent vol. by the same per- son, called " The Lost Prince." Author of "Iroquois Spelling-Book," 1813; "Caution against our Common Enemy," 1815; "Book of Common Prayer," transl. into Mohawk, 1853 ; " Life of Thomas Williams," a chief of the Caughnawagas, 1859. Williams, Elisha, pres. of Yale College 1726-39, b. Hatfield, Ms, Aug. 26, 1694 ; d. Wethersfield,July 25, 1755. H.U. 1711. Son of Rev. William of Hatfield. Ord. minister of Newington, Oct. 22, 1722. He passed from his parish duties at Wethersfield to the presi- dency of Yale. Obliged by ill-health to resign his rectorship of Yale Coll., he returned to Wethersfield, and was elected to the legisl., and app. judge of the Superior Court. He was in 1745 chaplain of the Ct. regt. sent to Cape Breton ; was subsequently app. to com. a regt. in an intended exped. against Canada ; went to Eng. in Dec. 1749 to receive the pay due .to himself and his regt., returning in 1752. He pub. some occasional sermons. Williams, Col. Ephralm, founder of Williams College, b. Newton, Ms., Feb. 24, 1715; killed near Lake George, Sept. 8, 1755. Eldest son of Col. Eph., an early settler of Stoekbridge. In early life he made several voyages to Europe. In the war with France, 1740-8, he served as a capt. in Canada; com. the line of Massachusetts forts on the west side of Ct. River; in 1755 he took com. of a regt., and was ordered to join the N.Y. forces under Gen. Johnson, who were marching northward to attack the French. He was proceeding wiih about 1,000 men and 200 Indians to attack Dieskau's advanced force, when he was ambus- caded by the French and Indians, and was killed at the first fire. He left his properly by will for the establishment of a free school at Williamstown, Ms., which was opened in 1791, was incorporated as a college in 1793, and be- came a flourishing institution. Williams, Frederick Dickinson, land- scape-painter of Boston, b. 27 Aug. 1828. Bos- ton Latin School, 1843; H. U. 1850. Draw- ing-teacher at the Boston Latin and High Schools 1850-7. Now (1871) a resident of California. Among his pictures are " Tremont St. by Gaslight ; " " At Home, a N. England Interior ; " " The Old Tannery on the Road to Franconia ; " " Back-Bay Lands ; " " New- England Hillsides ; " " The Seaside Pasture ; " "Manchester Coast;" "Summer at Lake George." Williams, George H., attv.-gen. U. S. (app. 14 Dee. 1871), b. Columbia Co., N.Y., 23 Mar. 1823. Received an academical educa- tion in Onondaga Co. Studied law ; adm. to the bar in 1 844, and emig. to Iowa ; elected judge 1st jud. dist. 1847; apyi. chief justice Oreg. Terr. 1853; re-app. 1857, but declined; member Const. Conv. of Oregon which formed the State govt. ; U. S. senator 1865- 71. Williams, Henry Willard, M.D. (H.U. 1849), oculist of Boston. Author of " Diseases of the Eve," 1862 ; " Recent Advances in Oph- thalmic "Science," 1866. Williams, Col. James; d. Oct. 8, 1780, of a wound at the battle of King's Mountain. He emig. from Granville Co., N. C, to Little River, Laurens Dist., S.C, in 1773. Member Prov. Cong, of S.C. in Jan. 1775 ; col. of mi- litia in April, 1779 ; com. a detachment at the battle of Stono, June 20, 1779 ; Aug. 18, 1780, he attacked and defeated a large body of Brit- ish and Tories, under Col. Innis, at Musgrove's Mills. He led one of the columns of attack at King's Mountain, where he exhibited great bravery, and fell in the thickest of the fight. 987 Two of his sons, Daniel and Joseph, were in the battle. — O'NeuU's JVewbem/. Williams, Jared VV., gov. N.H. 1S47-9; M.C. 1S37-41 ; U.S. senator 185.'!-4 ; b. N.II. ; d. Lancaster, N.H., Sept. 29, 1864. Brovm U. 1818. He served several terras in the State legislature. Williams, John, first minister of Deer- field, Ms., b. Roxbury, Ms., Dec. 10, 1664; d. Deerfield, June 12, 1729. H. U. 16S3. His grandfather Robert settled in Roxbury in 1637. By the aid of liis maternal grandfather, Wm. Park, he received a liberal education. May 17, 1686, ho was settled at Deerfield, a frontier settlement exposed to continued at- tacks from the Indians. Feb. 29, 1 704 (0. S.), the place was taken and burned, 38 of the townspeople slain, and ab. 100 carried into captivity, — among them, Mr. Williams and his wife (who was murdered on the way) and children. They were taken to Montreal, where they remained from the end of March till Oct. 23, 1706, when the survivors were sent to Bos- ton. His dau. Eunice, 10 years of age, was left behind, and m. an Indian. In March fol- lowing he pub. " The Redeemed Captive," an interesting narrative of Ids adventures ; an edi- tion containing tl;e Journal of his son Ste- S'len, and a History of Deerfield, was pub. by r. S. W. Williams, 12mo, 1837. He returned to Deerfield; m. a dau. of Capt. Allen of Windsor, Ct. ; and ab. 1710 was app. a com- miss. in the expcd. to Canada under Col. Stod- dard. His 3 sons, Eleazer, Stephen, and War- ham, were ministers. Stephen, D.D. (D.C. 1773), minister of Longmeadow from 17 Oct. 1716 to his d. 10 June, 1782 (b. 14 May, 1693 ; II. U. 1713), was a chaplain under Pcpperell at Limisbiirg (1745), under Sir Wra. Johnson (IT.-.o), and'under Gen. Winslowin 1756. Of his sons, Stephen was min. of Woodstock ; Warham, of Northford (1750-88); and Na- than, of Tolland (4 Apr. 1760 to his d. 15 Apr. 1829; b. 1735 ; Y. C. 1755). Williams, John, jurist, b. Hanover Co., Va. ; d. Granville Co., N. C, Oct. 1799. He was one of the first judges under the State const, of N. C. in 1777-90, and a member of the Old Congress in 1778-9. Williams, John ("Anthony Pasquin"), b. London ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Oct. 12, 1818. Educated at Merchant Tailors' School, and originally intended for the church, but pre- ferred literature, and was employed as a trans- lator by the London booksellers. He edited several journals in Dublin; and in 1784 as- sisted Henry Bate Dudley on the Morninij Her- ald. A violent quarrel soon severed this con- nection. In 1787 he was corresp. for the Uni- versal Reijisler. Two vols, of his poems were pub. Lonll. 1789. While in Ireland, his violent denunciation of govt, brought on him its ven- geance ; a heavy fine was imposed upon him : and he was adjudged by Lord Kenyon, in 1797, "a common libeller." He came soon after to the U.S., where he edited a Democ. newspaper. Also author of " Legislative Biog.," 8vo, 1795 ; " The Hamiltoniad," Bos- ton. 1804; "Life of Alex. Hamilton," Boston, 1804; "Dramatic Censor," 8vo, 1811. — See Allibone; Europ. Mag., 1789. Williams, Col. John, soldier and sena- tor, b. Surry Co., N.C, Jan. 29, 1778, d. near Knoxville, Aug. 10, 1837. Son of a disting. Revol. patriot. Was app. capt. 6th Inf April, 1799 ; emig. to Tcnn. in 1803; engaged in the practice of law ; m. and settled near ICuox- ville. In the latter part of 1812 he raised a regt. of vols., and marched at their head into Florida ; app. col. 39th U. S. Inf 1 8 June, 1813, with which he went to New Orleans ; in Dec. 1813 he joined Gen. Jackson, and partici- pated in the battle of Horse-shoe Bend ; U. S. senator 1815-23 ; several years chairman of its military committee. From Dee. 9, 1825, to March, 1827, he was minister to the republic of Central America, and was subsequently a member of the State senate. Williams, John, D.D. (Col. and Union Colls. 1847), Prot.-Epis. bishop of Ct. (eonsec. 29 Oct. 1S51), b. Deerfield, Ms., 30 Aug. 1817. Trin. Coll. 1835. Ord. deacon 1838; priest 1841 ; rectorof St. George's, Schenectady, 1842. Pres. Trin. Coll., Hartford, 1848-53. Succeeded to the episcopate on the death of Bishop Brownell, Jan. 1865. Author of "An- cient Hymns of the Church ; " " Thoughts on the Gospel Miracles ; " " Inaug. Discourse Trin. Coll.," 1S49; also sermons, addresses, and articles in the Church Review, &c. Edited Browne's Exposition of the 39 Articles. 1865. Williams, John Foster, a naval officer of the Revol. ; d. Boston, June 24, 1814, a. 70. gun sliip built by the State of Ms. ; July 9, 1 780, he fell in with the letter-of-marqne " Admiral Dutt'" (32 guns and 150 men), which, after an action of an hour and a half, took fire, and was blown up. Late in Oct. 1780 he again sailed from Boston ; cruised a while in the W. Indies, where ho took several rich prizes ; but on his re- tuni-voyage, falling in with two armed ships of superior force, he was obliged to surrender, remaining a prisoner until the peace. In the celebration of the adoption of the Federal Constitution by Ms. in Feb. 1788, Capt. Wil- liams held a conspicuous place. From 1 790 to his d. he was com. of a revenuexutter. Williams, Gen. Jonathan, b. Boston, 1752; d. Phila. 16 May, 1815. Son of Jona., a Revol. patriot. He received a good educa- tion ; was placed in a counting-house, and made several commercial voyages to the W. Indies and to Europe. He was in Eng. in 1770 and '73, where he was kindly received by Dr. Franklin, his grand-uncle, and was intrusted with letters and communications of political importance. Visiting France in 1777, he was app. U. S. commercial agent, and in 1785 re- turned with Franklin to the U.S. He was sev- eral years a judge of the C.C.P. in Phila. App. maj. of art. 16 Feb. 1801 ; insp. of forti- fications 4 Dec. 1801 ; and supt. of West-Point Acad.; lieut.-col. engrs. 8 Julv, 1802; col. 23 Feb. 1808-31 July, 1812; gen.'of N.Y. militia 1812-15. Elected to Congress from Phila. 1814; vice-prcs. Amer. Philos. Soc. Author of a Memoir on the use of the thermometer in navigation, 1 799 ; " Elements of Fortilication " (transl.), 1801; and " Kosciusko's Movements for Horse Artillery," 1808. His son Capt. Alex. John was killed in defence of Fort Erie, in the 15 Aug. 1814. wild./. Williams, Gen. Otho Hollakd, b. Hir^ 1 Prince George Co., Md., in March, 1749; d. liuliai July 16, 1794. His ancestors were Welsh, and Euil.i came to America soon after Lord Baltimore be- vv;i> came proprietor of Md. At twelve he was left doi;!. an orphan, and was placed in the office of the the ( ' clerk of his native coimty, and afterward in stiiili > that of Baltimore, of which he had the princi- to t, pal direction. In the beginning of the Kcvol. siiilcd struggle he was app. lieut. of a rifle company, cure :\ and marched to the Amer. camp near Boston. " Kt\ In 1776 a rifle regt. was organized, in which he was app. major ; it formed part of the garrison of Fort Washington, N.Y., when that post was captured by tlie IJritish, and gained great honor by the gallant manner in which it with- stood the attack of the Hessian column to which it was opposed. Major Williams was wounded and taken, but was soon exchanged. App. col. 6th Md. Regt., with which, soon after the reduction of Charleston , he accomp. Baron De Kalb to S.C. ; and, when Gen. Gates assumed the com. of the Southern army, he was made adj.-gen., in which station he remained until the close of the war. He gained great distinc- tion in the disastrous battle of Camden ; per- formed efficient service during Greene's cele- brated retreat, in which he com. the light corps which acted as a rear-guard. He seconded Greene at Guilford and llubldrk; and, by his brilliant charge at Eutaw. 1m A. . U 1 iln' for- tune of the day. In May. I - i hK- a brig.-gen.; coll. of eustom- i r i i ^. i -i Md. until his death. — See J.'h ; / - ,, .^vo, 1851. Williams, Reuel, LL.D. (Bowd. 1855), lawyer and senator, b. Augusta, Me., June 2, 178.3; d. July •>:>. 1SG2. Adm. to the bar in 1802, he was a jiiH ( i r v.: i. .T,,.i_> fliii- , :Mhl acquired high re I u ' . i 1822-6, and of tli ^ i 1 - , the house in 182'.i-.;-' : I ■-. -< ,!,-,.r 1 ~ ;: i: : was active in the raihouil jjruj' x-t of uiiiiing Augusta with Boston ; and for 1 2 years was the manager of the road. Williams, KoiiER, founder of R.I., and the apostle of ri\i: :iimI i^ii_hiu, liherty in America, b. Wa! — , i ' r ... n! ii. r, ,\|ir. 1683. Educatnl : - , i ;.t Siitl.M.'> Hospital, now tlir < II ..i . tu^\-i. and at Peillli. I ..:: , I , 1 I. . -I II I.. . an.' a noncon. : . uni in Am. ; .. ;, .i i . . . ._ ..i !'. . -.: l ■-, i ...'H . InApri: I,. «.:■ . i a ,1 ■ a. Ma sL.lton in the niinistrv ai a : , , rrin:^ at once his views of relia) ence of conscii'n. the separation ul t 'an a few months obliged to i where he was for two years assist, to Mr. Ralph Smith. Returning to Salem in 1633, he suc- ceeded Skelton, and was driven thence by an order of the Gen. Council, late in 1635, into exile for " his new and dangerous opinions against the anthority of magistrates." Per- mitted to remain till spring, he persisted in preaching in his own house ; and orders were sent in Jan. 1636 to seize him, and send him to Eng. He fled, making liis memorable journey his lie L.i 1043). lie obtained a < liara i in laii, and landed in Boston in .Sapt. 1!. iMir i mrning, he pub. in Lond. "Mr. (Mti.m I., a r, lately printed. Examined and .\a ',. i .1 aal ixlso his celebrated work, wlii. :. . a. . i - a, princi- ples of toleration, — •■ I I r 1 ! .lit of Pei-secution for Cau>r .n i a . i. a. , ' At the dose of 1651 he agani mmicU Lag. to se- cure the confirmation of the charter, in which he succeeded. Cotton having replied to his "Bloodv Tcncnt," Williams pub. (Lond. 1652) "Tha III 1i ThmiiI x.-i ni.iiv !;; ', livMr. Cottaa- 1 ,..■...,',; W in the Blood . I same al Lite and During this . time engaged with Milton, nitli whom he .11 ]o... ofthe a ha laid 2i n.ia^ .iiabled Cromuall, a, pas.=ied much Colony in Sa years. His i him to rend, around him I ties of savaa. R.I. into tlia lia independ- i^iitrate, and ita, he was in ' Plymouth, I al a;. ; ..a .. admit 1 ' a. I I ;_|.,., ,ai.| . .,vn put M: '.: ir has been written by J. I> . I Will. Gammell (1846), and l; I a. a ,1 -a.aa The XaiTa..;aii>at Club in IKliOpiih. avol. coniaiaiaa a |.i..a of Wil- liams by R. A. Guild i' K \ into the Language of Anim. .1 Ham- mond Tnuiilaiin, an.l . .; . , I r with n-.lliaaa'- l;..plx. I:,... a , , ■: i ,a,- the ii_ ha . ' ' ''. . ontro- 1 ..ant of «lii.'li 1- II" I.I ■ .'I lia pai.^,, .-■■ ..^e FoX .liaa...l ..III ..r his Bnrrowcs " (1C7G). Williams, S.imuel, LL.D. (Edinb. I7s.-i|, historian, and Hollis prof, of mathe- matics and nat. philos. in 11. U. 1780-8, b. Waltham. Ms., Apr. 2.-;. 1 :p; ; .! laa ,i,.l, Vt., Jan. 2, 1817. H.U. ITai ... , r Rev. John of Deerfield. (h.l a , . .i lai.lford, Nov. 20, 1765-80. Ini: a I i.i Rut- land, where ha ji. a. hi. . : a-.j,,, ;nid where he resided dnn II a :ii. ; . .^ !a- life. He sur- veyed the wi'^i I ..a I .. Ma in 1786, and the boundary liia ..i \ I ..:.. Some time editor and prop, of til.. / // ./. fellow of the Amer. Acad., of til I ^. iv; and pub.,bcsidespapcrson aa i the sci- entific journals, "The N a i a liaait I- a lli,.-tory of Vt.," 8vo_, 1794, enlarged edition, 2 vols. 8vo, 1809. During his residence at Bradford, Benj. Thompson, afterwards Count Rumford, studied "wrL pliUosophy under him, was a member of his family, and corresp. witli liim until 1791. His son Gen. C. K. Williams became chief justice and gov. of Vt. Williams, Samuel Wells, LL.D. (Un. Coll. 1850), orientalist, b. Utiea, N.Y., Sept. 1812. After studjHng at the Rensselaer School, Tro)', he went in 1833 to China as a printer for the nii-'ionarv honr-l nt f';inton, and assisted in idi: :: :' ' /. ' /. Inl837, while on :i . _ I I !- I 1]. an, he obtained fvuia -.' :i -ii-,.i :• • ,.. -1 .l,,;.,,ih'^o a knowledge oCtlii-ir l.iiiuica^i-, iiaii^l.ae.i a iivatise on smelt- ing copjier truni the original, and made a ver- sion of the Book of Genesis and the Gos]iol of St. Matthew into .Japanese. He eontrib. to Dr. Bridgman's "Cliiii .■ ri-r--^tnmathv;" and pub. " Easv Lo^-.i; n i ' ii " 1841; "English and 'Chin. - \ . ,, . , ' IS43; and "Chinese Commnri ill imili i-i4. Re- turning home, he reaeliiu Aew Vi)ik in Oct. 1845, and pub. "The Middle liingdora," 2 vols. 1848. In 1848-51 he edited the Chinese Repositorii at Canton ; in 1 S,')3-4 he was inter- preter to' Com. PeiTy's .I.iiiir, .-:;,., 1 ; in 1855 he was sec. and interpiv: ' r ^ ! nation ; in 1856 he pub. a "'I- l" : i . ..f the Chinese Language ;" in 1--^ ii a -i-i.il Mr. Keed in the negotiations at lient>eii. and in 1859 went with Mr. Ward to Pckin to ex- change the ratifications; in 1860 he lecUired before the Smithsonian Inst, and elsewhere in the U. S. — Appleton. Williams, Gen. Seth, b. Augusta, Me., IMarch ii, 1822; d. Boston, March 23, 1866. West I'oint, 1842. Son of Hon. Daniel of Augusta, ile. Entered 2d Art. ; was 1st lieut. iu iS47; served with Scott's army in Me.\ico, participating in the principal battles, as aide-de- camp to Gen. Patterson ; and was brev. capt. for gallantry at Cerro Gordo. After the war he was assigned to the adj.-gen.'s dept. ; pro- moted to maj. Aug. 3, 1861 ; liout.-col. July 17, 1 862 ; made brig.-gen. vols. Sept. 23, 1 86 1 ; adj .- gen. to ( len. McClellan in Western Va., and until JliClellan was relieved of the com. of the Army of the Potomac ; and held the same posi- tion with Gen. Meade. May 10, 1864, he was placed on the staff of Gen. Grant as acting in- spector-gen. ; brev. col. U.S.A. for Gettysburg; maj.-gen. vols. 1 Aug. 1864 for merit, sen'ices since Gettysburg; brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A. for campaign ending with Lee's surrender, and for gallant and merit, services in the field dur- ing the Rebellion. Williams, Stephen West, M.D., a dis- ting. physician and author, b. Deerfield, Ms., Mar. 27, 1790; d. L.aona, HI., July 6, 1855. Son of Dr. W. S. Williams of Deerfield. Re- moved to Laona in 1 852. A Memoir is in the Phila. Med. and Sun/. Jour, of Aug. 1852. Au- thor of "Amer. Med.Bio^.," 8vo, 1845; "Me- moirs of Rev. John "Williams of Deerfield ; " "Genealogy of the Williams Family," 1847; "Indigenous Medical Botany of Ms.," 8vo; "Cateeliism of xVIed. Jtirisprudence," 18mo, 1835. Contrib. to med. and scient. journals. Williams, Gen. Thomas, b. N.Y. 1815; killed in the battle of Baton Rouge, Aug. 5, 1862. AVest Point, 1837. Entering the 4th Art., iu 1 840-1 he was assist, prof, of math, in the Milit. Acad. ; was aide to Gen. Scott in 1844-50; won the brevets of capt. and major iu the Mexican war ; capt. 12 Sept. 1850; maj. 5th Art. 14 May, 1861 ; and Sept. 28 was made brig.-gen of vols. He com. for a time the forts at Hatteras Inlet; accomp. Butler's exped. to New Orle-ons ; led the land-forces in the unsuc- cessful siege of Vieksburg, cutting the canal designed to turn the course of the Mpi. from that city ; and afterward held com. at Baton Rouge. He vigorously repulsed the attack upon that place by the Confeds. under Breck- enridge, but fell towards the close of the action while leading a Michigan regt. in a charge. Williams, Thomas Scott, LL.D. (Y.C. 1834), jurist, b. Wcthersficld, Ct., June 26, 1777 ; d. Hartford, Dec. 15, 1861. Y.C. 1794. Adm. to the bar in Feb. 1799; commenced practice at Mansfield, removing to Hartford in 1803; member of the Gen. Assembly 7 times between 1813 and 1829 ; M.C. in 1817-19; in May, 1829, wasapp. anassoc.judge'of the Sup. Court of Errors and of the Superior Court ; and in May, 1 834, was app. chief justice, which office he held till 1847 ; mayor of Hartford 1831-5. Some years pres. of the Amer. Tract Society ; was a large contrib. to objects of benevolence, and bequeathed nearly $30,000 to charitable institutions. An active member of the Foreign Mission and Bible Societies. Williams, William, minister of Hatfield, Ms., 1685 to his d. Aug. 31, 1741, b. Newton, Feb. 2, 1665. H.U. 1683. Son of Isaac, and grandson of Robert of Roxbury . He preached a half-century sermon from his ord., as also did his son Solomon, his grandson Eliphalet at E. Hartford, and his great-grandson Solomon of Northampton. Williams, William, a signer of the Decl. of Indcp., b. Lebanon, Ct., Apr. 18, 1731 ; d Aug. 2, 1811. H.U. 1751. Son of Rev. Solo- mon. In 1755 he belonged to the staff of his relative, Col. Eph. Williams, and was engaged in the battle of Lake George; in 1773 he was a member of the com. of corresp. of Ct. ; in 1775 speaker of the house, and afterwards a member of the council ; was an active member of the com. of safety. After serving a long time in the legisl., he was in 1776-7 and 1783-4 a member of the Cont. Congress. He aided in arousing the spirit of freedom by several essays on political subjects, and once by an impres- sive speech; and expended nearly all his prop- erty in the cause. Member of the convention of his State which adopted the Federal Consti- tution. His wife was a dau. of Gov. Trumbull. Williams, William R., D.D., clergyman, b. New York, Oct. 14, 1804. Col. Coll. 1822. Son of Rev. John, pastor of the Oliver-st. Bap- tist Ch., N.Y. City. lie studied law 3 years m the office of Hon. "P. A. Jay ; practised a year ; visited Europe ; and, entering upon the Baptist ministry, was installed over the Amity-st. Ch., New York, in 1831. He has pub. 2 vols, of discourses; "Religious Progress," 1850; "Lec- tures on the Lord's Prayer," 1851; a vol. of "Miscellaneous Addresses," 1850, &c. A " History of the Baptists," by him, is an- nounced (1871) from the press of Harper & Bios. Dr. Williams has a high reputation as an author and pulpit-orator. 990 Williamson, Hnan, M.D., LL.D., states- man and man of letters, b. West Nottingham, Pa., 5 Ucc. 1735; d. N.Y. 22 May, 1819. U. of Pa. 1757. He studied divinity; preached occasionally during two yeara; in 1760-3 was prof of mathematics in the U. of Pa. ; studied medicine at Edinburgh and Utrecht, where he took his degree ; and on his return practised successfully in Phila. Jan. 7, 1769, he was app. one of a com. of the Philos. Society to observe the transit of Venus, his account of which is in vol. i. of the " Philos._ Trans. ; " which also contains a paper by him on the transit of Mercury, 9 Nov. 1769. After visit- ing the W. Indies in 1772, he went to London to procure aid for an acad. at Newark, N. J., and was examined in Feb. 1774 by the privy council on the subject of the destruction of the tea ; spent some time on the Continent ; and, after the Decl. of Indep., returned home, bring- ing important papers. The letters of Hutch- inson and others were placid in the hands of Dr. Franklin, and reached Boston before Wil- liamson reached Europe, disproving the as- Fertion of his agency in thur procurement. In 1777 he engaged in mercantile pursuits in Charleston, S.C., with a youn^r brother. He subsequently practised medicine in Edenton, N.C. ; served a number of years in the house of commons ; served as a surgeon in the mili- tia of N.C. in 17S1-2, rendering aid to those wounded at the battle of Camden ; was a dele- gate to Congress in 17S2-5 and 1787-8, and to the conv. which formed the U.S. Constitution in 1787, as well as to the State conv. to ratify it in 1789; M.C. 1790-3; then removed to New York, where he was instrumental in forming a Literary and Philos. Society in 1814 ; and was a frequent contrib. to the " Transactions " of the learned societies of Europe and America. He pub. a series of essays upon Paper Curren- cy in 1 786 ; some fugitive pieces on Languages and Politics in the American Museum ; " Ob- servations on the Climate of America," 1811 ; " Hist, of N.C," 2 vols. 8vo, 1812 ; " Observa- tions on Nangable Canals ; " and an essay on Comets in "Trans." of Lit. and Philos. Soe. of N.Y. In 1810 he delivered a discourse on the " Benefits of Civil History," before the N.Y. Hist. Soc. Such was his integrity, that none could approach him with flattery or falsehood. Williamson, Isaac H., LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1839), lawyer and jurist, b. Elizabeth- town, N.J., 1769; d. there July 10, 1844. Educated at the local schools of the place. He studied law with an elder bro., Matthias ; was adm. to the bar in 1791 ; was at one time prosec.-atty. for Morris Co., and rose to the head of the profession. In 1 81 7 he was elected to the Assemblv, and was gov. and chancellor of the State 18l'7-29. Pres. of the State Const. Conv. of 1844. Williamson, Jasies, landscape-painter, b. Tollcross, near Glasgow, Apr. 10, 1826 ; came to the U.S. in 1831, and is sec. of the Brooklyn Art. Assoc. His best pictures are, " Autumn in the Adirondacks," " Trout-Fish- ing," " American Fruit," and " Summit of Chocora by Twilight."— r«c/.(;rmaii. Williamson, Peter, well known for his singular adventures; d. Edinburgh, Jan. 19, 1799. He was kidnapped when a boy at Aber- deen, and sent to Amer., for which he afterward recovered damages. He passed a considerable lime among the Cherokees, and, on his return to Edinburgh, amused the public with a descrip- tion ot their manners and customs, and his ad- ventures among them ; assuming the dress of a chief, imitating the war-whoop, &e. He had the merit of instituting a penny-post at Edin- burgh, for which, when it was assumed by govt., he received a pension. He was also the first who pub. a city directory. Author of " French and Indian Cruelty Exemplified," &c., Glasg. 8vo, 1758; "Brief Account of the War in North America," 12mo, 1760. — Gents. Mag., Ixix. 167. Williamson, William Durkee, his- torian, b. Canterbury, Ct., July 31, 1779; d. Bangor, May 27, 1846. Brown U. 1804. His ancestor Timothy of Marshficld was a soldier in King Philip's Indian war. Commencing the practice of law at Bangor in 1807, he was atty. for Hancock Co. 1808-16 ; was State sena- tor in 1816-20; was pres. of the first senate of the new State of Me., and acting gov., in 1821; M.C. 1821-3. He was in 1824-40 a judge of probate for his county. He pub. a valuable Hist, of Maine, 2 vols. 8vo, 1832, a second ed. of which appeared in 1839. Mem- ber of several hist, and lit. societies, and a contrib. to the Amer. Quart. Register and to the " Colls." of the Ms. Hist. Society. Willing, Thomas, merchaiit and Revol. patriot, h. Phila. Dec. 20, 1741 ; d. there Jan. 19, 1821. After reading law in the Temple, Lond., he became the head of the mercantile house of Willing and Morris, one of the largest in the country, who were the agents of Congress for supplying naval and military stores. Mayor of Phila. ; judge of the Supreme Court; repre- sentative in the Gen. Assembly ; chairman of a Revol. meeting in June, 1774; pres. of the Prov. Congress ; delegate to the Cont. Con- gress in 1775-6; pres. of the first chartered bank in Amer. ; and pres. of the first bank of the U.S. He was for 60 years an active, enter- prising, and successful merchant. — Simpson. Willis, Nathaniel Parker, poet and journalist, b. Portland, Jan. 20, 1807 ; d. Idle- wild, Jan. 21, 1867. Y.C. 1827. Son of Na- thaniel (1780-1870), founder, in 1816, of the Boston Recorder; and grandson of Nathaniel (1755-1831), one of the Boston " Tea-Party," and many years a journalist in Ohio. His mother, dau. of Solomon Parker, a woman of exemplary piety and benevolence, d. in 1844. He studied at the Boston Latin School and at the Phillips Acad, at Andover. While at college, he pub. some religious poetry, and, after graduating, edited " The Legendary," a series of volumes of tales, and " The Token." In 1828 he established the Amer. Montldi/ Mag., which he conducted two years, then merging it in the N. Y. Mirror. His " Pencillings by the Way " (repub. in 3 vols. 1835), contributed to the Mirror, give the history of his next 4 years of travel and adventure in Europe. While in Paris, Mr. Rives, the American min- ister, attached him to his legation, and with this privilege he made his visits to the courts and capitals of Europe and the East. Return- 991 WiJ_. ing nfter his marriage in Eng., in 18.35 he sut- tleil in the Valley of the Susquehanna, at a place which he called " Glcnmary," where he passed 4 years, and wrote the " Letters fiom under a Bridge." Financial embarra'ssments caused his return to New York, where, in 1839, he established with Dr. Porter the Corsair, a weekly journal. He made a short trip to Eng., where he engaged Mr. Thackeray to write for the Corsair, and pub. in London " Loitcrings of Travel," a miscellany of stories, poems, and European letters; two plays, "Bianca Vis- conti " and " Tortesa the Usurer," with the joint title, " Two Ways of Dying for a Hus- band ; " and also the le"tter-press for two serial fubs. by Virtue on the Scenery of the U.S. and reland. Finding, on his return to N.Y., that the Corsair had been abandoned in discourage- ment by Dr. Porter, ho in 1844 established with Gen. Morris the Evrninq Mirror. His heal tli giv- ing way under the pressure of this occupation, he once more went abroad. He returned home in 1846, and was, until his death, co-editor, with Morris, of the Home Journal. In 1846 he was m. (for the second time) to the dau. of Mr. Joseph Grinncll of New Bedford. His " Pencil- lings " were severely criticised bv the Quarterli/ Review. He also pub. in Eng.'" Inklings of Adventure," 3 vols., originally contrib. to the New Monthly Mag. Among his other publica- tions are "Rural Letters;" "People I have Met ; " " Life Here and There ; " " Hurry- graphs; " "A Summer Cruise in the Mediter- ranean," 1853 ; " Fun Jottings ;"" A Health- Trip to the Tropics ; " " Letters from Idlcwild " (his residence on the Hudson, just above West Point) ; " Famous Persons and Places ; " " The Rag-Bag ; " " Dashes at Life with a Free Pencil," 3 vols. 1845; "Paul Fane," 1856; and " The Convalescent," 1860. His poems have been pnb. with illustrations by Leutze. Willis, Richard Stores, b. Boston, 10 Feb. 1819. Y.C. 1841. Bro. of N. P. Willis. Author of " Church Chorals and Choir Stud- ies;" "Our Church Music," 1855; "Carols and Music Poems," 15 Nos., 1860-1; "Life of Bartholdy," 1865. Editor N. Y. Musical World, and of Once a Week, estah. 1862; con- trib. to " National Hymns," 8vo, 1861 ; and to the newspapers and periodicals. — Allibone. Willis, William, LL. D. (Bowd. Coll. 1867), historian, b. Haverhill, Ms., 31 Aug. 1794; d. Portland, Me., 17 Feb. 1870. H.U. 1813. Descended Irom Michael, a cutler of Dorchester, Ms., 1638. Adni. to Boston bar 1817; settled in Portland, Me., 1819; law- partner of Senator W. P. Fessenden 1835-54; State senator 1855 ; mayor of Portland 1857; jires. Me. Hist. Soc. 1856-65; member of many State Hist. Societies, and vice-pres. N.E. H. Geneal. Soc. Author of " History of Port- land," part i. 1831, part ii. 1833, and a new ed. 1865 ; Introd. Address bef. the Me. Hist. Soc. 1855; Address to same, 1857; " McKin- 8try Genealogy," 1 866 ; " Books and Pam- phlets relating to Maine," 1859; "History of the Law, the Courts, and the Lawyers of Me.," 8vo, 1863; chief ed. "Me. Hist, Colls.," vols. 1-6 ; ed. Journals of Smith and Dcanc, with notes, &c., 8vo, 1849; and in 1869 of Dr. Kohl's " Discov. of Me.," in the first vol. of the documentary hist, of the State. Contrib. to N. E. Geneal. lief!.. Hist. Mag., Qmr. Jour- nal, Xnrton's Literary Letter. Imw Reports, &c. Williston, Ebexezer B., pres. Jeff. Coll., Mpi. ; d. Norwich, Vt., 28 Dec. 1837, a. 37. H.U. 1823. Author of "Eloquence of the U.S ," 5 vols. Svo, 1827. Williston, Samuel, philanthropist, b. Easthampton, Ms., 17 June, 1795. Son of Rev. Payson, min. of Easthampton 1789-1833. He began the study of theology, but discontinued it from weakness of the eyes. Gaining a for- tune by the manufacture of buttons, he estab- lished in 1840, in his native town, the Williston Scm., to which ho has given $250,000. In 1846 he endowed professorships in Amh. College, adding in 1858 and 1859 sums which made in all $125,000. He gave liberally to the Mount- Holyoke Fem. Scm., and has 3 times erected a church at Easthampton, repeatedly burned. Willson, Marcids, b. W. Stockbridge, Ms., 1313. Un. Coll. 1836. Author of " Civil Polity and Political Economy," 1838 ; " Land- scape-Drawing," 1839; "Theoretical Arith- metic ; " scries of School Histories and Read- ers ; " Object Lessons," 1862 ; with N. A. Calkins, " School and Family Charts." Wiliner, Lambert A. ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., 21 Dec. 1863, a. 58. Editor in early life of the Bait. Sat. Visitor; afterward for many years of the Phila. Pennsylvanian. Author of "New System of Grammar;" "Quacks of Helicon," 1851; "Life of De Soto," 8vo, 1858; " Our Press-Gang," IS59. — Allilione. Wilmer, William Holland, D.D. (B.U. 1819), Epis. clergyman, b. Kent Co., Md., 1782; d. Williamsburg, Va., July 24, 1827. Wash. Coll. He first engaged in mercantile pursuits; was ord. in 1808; took charge of Chester parish, whence he went in 1812 to Alexandria, D.C., as rector of the parish of St. Paul's. He was in 1816 first rector of St. John's, Washington City; and in 1819-26 was an editor of the Washington Theol. Repertory; in 1823 he was app. to the chair of theology in the sem. in Alexandria, Va. ; and in 1826 pres. of VVra. and Mary Coll., and rector of the church at William.sburg. Besides sermons, Dr. Wilmer published in 1815 bis "Episcopal Manual." His controversy with Ba.xter, a Jesuit priest, was pub. 1818, 8vo. Wilmot, David, author of the Wilmot Proviso, b. Bethany, Pa., 20 Jan. 1814; d. Towanda, Pa., 16 Mar. 1868. Educated at the academies at Bethany and at Aurora, N.Y. ; adm. to practise law at Wilkesbarre, Pa., in 1834, and practised at Towanda. He began political life a Democ. ; was M.C. in 1845-51 ; pres. judge of the 13th dist. of Pa. 1853-61 ; and was U.S. senator to fill a vacancy in 1861- 3. While a bill was pending to appropriate 52,000,000 for the purchase of a part of Mex- ico, he moved, Aug. 8, 1846, to add an amend- ment. " That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any tcrr. from the republic of Mexico by the U.S., . . . nei- ther slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory." " The Wilmot Proviso, as it was called, was adopted by the house, but failed in the senate. Ho supported Van Buren for the presidency in 992 184S; Wi IS a dele-ate at Phila. in 185i'i 1 opposed the rei.ral was the 1 iinsi: icco.^ful of Pa. ; was tciiipor lie Xat. Repub. Conv vention which in 1S60 nominated Mr. Lincoln to the presidency; and in IBM was app. by him a jiid^'c of the U.S. Court of Claims. Wilmot, Hos. Robert Ddnc.\n, b. Frcd- erickton, N.B:, 16 Oct. 1809. Educated at St. John, N. B. Elected to the N. B. legisl. in I84G; surv.-gen. 18.")l-4 ; prov. sec. in 1856- 7, and also a member of the govt, in 1 865-6 ; mayor of St. John, and its representative for 16 years; delegate for effecting a union of the British Provinces, and to the Council of Trade at Qnebec in Sept. 1865. Author of some im- portjint papers upon " Currency." Wilson, Alexander, ornitholoirist, b. Paisley, Scotland, July 6, 1 766 ; d. Phila. Aug. 2.3, 1813. He was brought up in the trade of a weaver, which he followed 7 years, during which time be wrote verses for the Glasr/ow Advertiser. He pub. 2 vols, of Poems in 1 789 and 1791, which he peddled through the coun- try. " Watty and Meg," pub. anonymously in 1792, met with a sale of 100,000 copies, and was attributcil to Burns. He also wrote for the Bee, and gained an rr rpn-nt it; ^ with Burns. Prosecuted ami i ■! ' ! lor a poetical lampoon, he vl-m: i i > . iitr to Amer., and landed at New I i-,: ,li i .i,,iyl4, 1794. In the varied occiip;iiiuiis oi a weaver, peddler, and schoolmastei-, he lived on for 8 years. By the advice of Bartram the botanist, iic turned' his attention to ornithology. In Oct. 1804 be set out on a pedestrian excursion to the Falls of Niagara, a metrical account of which he pttb. in the Portfolio, entitled " The Foresters, a Poem ; " in 1805 he began to learn the art of etching. Employed by Bradford, the Phila. publisher, upon aii edition of Rccs's " Cyelopsdia," he prevailed upon him to furnish funds for the publication of an Amer. orni- thology on an adequate scale. The 1st vol. of his great work appeared in Sept. 1808; but it was too ex])ensive to be very successful. The 2d app. in 1810. In the course of publishing the first 7 vols, of his work, he travelled all over the continent to obtain subscribers and to increase his ornithological stores. On his re- turn, by laboring night and day in the prepara- tion of his work, be impaired his already weakened constitution, and hastened his death. The 8th and 9th vols, were edited after his death, with a biog. by George Ord, who had accorap. him in some of his journeys. The work was afterward continued by Charles Lucien Bonaparte (4 vols. 4to, Phila. 1825-33). — See Peabodfs Memoir of Wilson in Sparls's Amer. Biog., 2d ser., vol. i., and AUibone. Wilson, Allen B., inventor, b. Willet, Cortland Co., N. Y. Has made imporiant improvements in the sewing-machine. The first, patented 12 Nov. 1850, made the stitch with less expense of time and power than the original ; another improved the mechanism for holding and feeding the cloth; and, 12 Aug. 1851, he patented the "rotating hook," one of the most valuable improvements ever made in the sewing-machine. The first " Wheeler and Wilson " sewing-machine was madceaiiv in 1851. Wilson. BiKi), D.D., LL.D., b. Carlisle, Pa.. 1777 ; d. N.V. City, 14 Apr. 1859. Phila. Coll. 1792. Sun of James Wilson the signer. Pres. judge C.C.P., 7th circuit, 1802; ord. deacon Pr.-Ep. Ch. 1819; rector of St. John's, Norri-stown, Pa., 1819-21 ; prof, svstem. divin. N.Y. Epis. Sem. 1821-50; and eineritus prof. 1850-9. Author of an edition of Bacon's "Abridgment," 7 vols. 8vo, 1811-13; Me- moir of Bishop White, 8vo, 1856. — See Memorial of B. Wilson, by W. White Branson, 1864. Wilson, Daniel, LL.D., prof of history and Eng. lit. U. of Toronto since 1853, b. Ed- inburgh, 1816. Bro. of " Christopher North." Author of "Memorials of Edinbnrah," 1847; "Oliver Cromwell," 1850; " Archirolosry, &c., of Scotland," 1851 ; "Prehistoric Man/' 1865; " Chattcrton," 1869. Four years editor of the Canadian .founial. Pres. of the Canadian In- stitute since 1 859. — Morrjan. Wilson, Henry, statesman, b. Farming- ton, N.H., Feb. 16, 1812. The son of poor parents, he was brought up on a farm, and had little schooling, but, accumulating a little money by shoemaking at Natick, Ms., studied for a while in the academies at Stafford, Wolfs- borough, and Concord. He resumed shoe- making at Natick in 1838. In 1840 he took an active part in the presidential canvass, and made upward of 60 speeches in behalf of Har- rison. In the next 5 years he was 3 times elected from Natick to the legisl., and tivice a senator from Middlesex Co. An active and zealous opponent of slavciy, he made an elab- orate speech on his resolution in the legisl., declaring the unalterable hostility of Ms. to the farther extension and longer continuance of slavery in America. Delegate to the Wliig nat. conv. of 1848, and, on the rejection of antislavery resolutions, withdrew from it, and took a prominent part in organizing the Free- soil party. He then bought the Boston Rep'jb- lican, a daily newspaper, which he edited for two years. In 1851 and '52 he was pres. of the State Senate; in 1852 he was pres. of the Free- soil nat. conv. at Pittsburg. He took a promi- nent part in the Const. Conv. of 1853, and was the Freesoil candidate for gov., but was dt-- feated. He was elected to the U.S. senate in 1855, where he has ever since been conspicuous. For a brief period in 1855 he was associated with the American party, but, on the adoption of a proslavery platform by its national coun- cil, withdrew from it, and took an active shar ■ in organizing the Rcpub. partv. He has taki u part in all important debates m the senate, and made elaborate speeches on Kansas, the treas- ury-note bill, the expenses of the govt., the tai-ilf, the Pacific Railroad, and many ot'a-^r topics. His speech in defence of free l.nbor in reply to Senator Hammond of S.C, March. 1859, attaint d an immense circulation through the fi-ee States. In March, ie61, he was made chairman of the com. on military allairs, a post which the civil war rendered one of great labor and responsibility. In the session of 1861-^2 he introduced the bills abolishing slavery in the Dist. of Col., and for abolishing the " black war. code." In the autumn of 1861 he raised the 22d Ms. Eegt., of which he was for a short time col. In 18G2 he brought in the bill for the employment of colored soldiers. He intro- duced many important measures to organize and develop the luilitrry resources of the counti-y during the civil war, and delivered about 100 speeches at various places in support of the Union. In 1864 he puh. a " History of the Antislavery Measures of the 37th and 38th Congresses ; " in 1 866 " Military Measures of the U. S. Congress," 8vo, 1866; "History of the Rctonsiruction Measures of the 39th and 40ih Congresses," 1S6S. Wilson, James, LL.D., a signer of the Dccl. of Inilcp., b. near St. Andrew's, Scotland, ab. 174:2; d. Edcnton, N.C., Aug. 28, 1798. He studied successively at Glasgow, St. An- drew's, and Edinburgh ; then craig. to PhUa., wherc_ in 1766 ho was first employed as a tutor in the coll. and academy ; a few months afterwards ho commenced the study of law in the otBce of John Dickinson; was adm. to the bar in 1 768 ; practised successfully at Read- ing, then at Car.isle, then at Annapolis, and in 1773 returned to Phila., where he continued to reside during the rest of his life. Upon the opening of the controversy with Great Britain, he wrote and pub. his sentiments with great freedom and boldness. He was a member of the conventions held in 1774 and '75. He took his scat in Congress, May 10, 1775, and voted in favor of the Dfcl. of Indep., in opposition to the majority of his colleagues from Pa. In 1 782-3 and 1785-7 he was again a delegate ; in 1779-81 ho was advocate-gen. of France, and continued to give advice imtil 1783, when the French sent him a present of 10,000 livres. He was a member of the conv. which framed the Constitution of the U.S. ; was one of the com. who reported the draught, and in the State conv. was efficient in procuring its adoption. He was subsequently a member of the conv. which changed the constitution of Pa., and was one of the com. to make the di-aught. In Sept. 1789 he was app. a judge of the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1790 he was app. prof, of law in the U. of Pa., and delivered a course of lectures, which are contained in his works, pub. in Phila. 3 vols. 1804. He pub. "Ad- dress to the Citizens of PhUa.," 1784; and with Thomas McKean, LL.D., " Commentaries on the U. S. Constitution," Lond., 8vo, 1792. Wilson, James Grant, b. Edinburgh 1 832. Son of Wil.iam of Perthshire, with whom he came to the U.S. in Dec. 1833, and was his partner in the bookselling and publishing busi- ness in Chicago. During the Rebellion he served under Grant at Vicksburg, and subse- quently under Banks in La. He has since resided in N.Y. Citv- Author of "Illinois Officers in the Rebellion," Svo, 1863 ; " Love in Letters," &c., 1867 ; "Life of Gen. Grant," Svo, 1863; "Mr. Secretary Pcpys and his Diary," 1869; "Life and Letters of Fitz Greene Hallcck," 1869; "Sketches of Illus- trious Soldiers ; " " Poets and Poetry of Scot- land," and " Historv of Chicago," are in SIS. Ho edited Ilalleck's "Poetical Works," 1869 ; assisted in preparing the " Life of Audubon," by his widow, 1 S69 ; edited the Chicago Record and the iVort/i - TFr-strrn Qnart. Mar].: and has contrib. to Appleton's Cyclop, and the maga- zines of the day. — AUihom. Wilson, Gen. James II., h. ID. ab. 1838. West Point, 1 860. Entering the Topog. Engrs., he became 1st lieut. 9 Sept. 1861, aiid capt. 7 Mav, 1863; lieut.-col. staff U.S. Vols. 8 Nov. 1862; brig.-gen. vols. 31 Oct. 1863; maj.-gen. vols. 20 Apr. 1865. He seiTcd in the Port- Royal exped. ; at the capture of Fort Pulaski, Ga., for which he was brev. major 1 1 Apr. 1862 ; aide to Gen. McClellan at South Moun- tain and Antiotam ; assist, engr. and insp.-gen. Army of the Tenn. in Vicksburg campaign of Mar.-Oct. U-63 ; brev. lient.-col. 24 Nov. 1363 for battle of Chattanooga; com. 3d cavalry div., Army of the Potomac, May-Aug. 1 864 ; brei-. col. 5 May, 1864, for the battle of the Wilderness, and engaged in the principal ac- tions during that period ; in the Shenandoah campaign, Aug.-Sept. 1864, and engaged at Summit Point 21 Aug., and at Opcquan 19 Sept. 1864; com. cavalry of the div. of the Mpi. Oct. 1864-July, 1865, and engaged in Gen. Thomas's campaign, driving the Confed. cavalry across the Harpeth River during the battle of Franklin, 30 Nov. ; and in battle of Nashville, for which he was brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865; com. cavalry exped. into Ala. and Ga. Mar .-Apr. 1 865 ; and brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 for capture of Selma, Ala. ; tuok Montgomery 12 Apr., Co- lumbus 16 Apr., and Macon 20 Apr.; and finally, 10 May, 1865, captured Jclicrson Da- vis, pros, of the Confederacy. Lieut.-col. 35th Inf 28 July, 1866 ; discharged 31 Dec. 1870. — CuHum. Wilson, James Patriot, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1807), minister in Phila., b. Lewes, Del., 21 Teb. 1769; d Bucks Co., Pa., Dec. 10, 1830. U. of Pa. 1788. Son of Rev. Dr. Matthew Wilson. Adm. to the bar in 1790. He was first a disting. lawyer, and from 1806 to 18.30 pas- tor of the Firs't Presb. Church. He pub. " Lec- tures on the Parables and the Hist. Parts of the New Testament," 8vo, 1810; "Introd. to Hebrew," 1812; " Essay on Grammar," 1817; "Common Objections to Christianity," 1829; " Hope of Immort.," 1829; " Primitive Govt. of Christ. Churches," 1833, &c. Wilson, John, first minister of Boston, b. AVindsor, Enir., 1588; d. Aug. 7,1667. Sou of Rev. Dr. Wm. He was educated at King's Coll., Cambridge, where he obtained a lelJow- ship, of which lie was deprived for nonconform- ity. After studying law and theology, he was chaplain in several families; then settled in the ministry at Sudbury, Suffolk; butinl629 came to N. E. with Winthrop. A church was formed at Charlcstown, and, Aug. 27, Mr. Wil- son was ord. over it. Settled in Boston Nov. 22, 1630, but returned to Eng. for his wife in 1631. He was again ord. pastor in Nov. 1632. He was regarded as the father of the new plan- tation. He pub. in England " Some Helps to Faith," I2mo. Wilson, John, printer of Boston from ab. 1843 to his d. 3 Aug. 1868, b. Glasgow, Scot- land, 1802. Author of " Scripture Pmofs and Illustrations of Unitarianism," Svo, 1833; "Concessions of Trinitarians," Svo, 1842; 994 WEN- "Treatise on Piinctuiition," 1844 and 1S50; " Unitarian Principles confirmed by Trinitarian Testimonies," 1355; "Elements of Punctua- tion," 185G. He prefixed an essay on Burns to an edition of iiis poems in 1837, and deliv- ered an address on Burns, in Boston, in 1859. Wilson, Peter, LL.D., scholar and lin- guist, b. parish of Ordu;,'hill, Scotland, Nov. 23, 1746 ; d. N. Barbadocs, N.J., Auf,'. 1, 1825. Mar. Coll., Aberdeen. Emi;,'. to America in 17G3. He was many years principal of llackcn- sack (N.J.) Acad.,' and of that at Flatbusli, L.I.; and was in 1789-92 and in 1792-1820 prof, of Latin and Greek at Col. College. An .active Whig of the Kevol. ; member N.J. legisl. 177S-8.3. Ho pub. "Introd. to Greek Prosody," 1811, and an improved ed. 1812; "Latin Prosody," 181G; an cd. of Adams's "Roman Antiquities," 1819; and of the "Greek Test.," rcpr. Pliila. 1859. Wilson, ItOBERT Andersox, b. Coopcrs- town, N.Y., 1812; resided 3 years and a half in Cal., where ho was judge of the Sacramento goW dist. Author of " Mexico and its Reli- gion, or Incidents of Travel," 1851-4, I2mo 1853; "A New History of the Conquest of Mexico," Svo, 1859. Edited, with notes .and appendix, vol. i. " Calif. Reports," by Bennet, 18^3. — AUilione. Wilson, Samuel Farmer, journalist, b. New York, 1805; d. N.Orleans, March 12, 1870. Col. <:oIl. 1822. Adm. to the N.Y. bar, but reiBOved to N. Orleans, where he was at one time associated with Gen. Wm. Walker, in the True Delia, and was afterward an editor and propriewr (if the Picayune. Author of " Hist. Amer. Revol.," 5th ed. 1834, new ed. 1869. Wilson, Thomas B., naturalist, b. Phila. ; d. Newark, Del., March 15, 1865. Eminent as a zoologist. Ho raised to a high rank the Acad, of Nat. Sciences oif Phila., of which he was pres. His collections 'in this dept. were of great value. The splendid collection of birds belonging to the Piiila. Acad, was his gilt. Wilson, William, an early pioneer of Illinoi,, ; chief justice of the Sup. Court of 111. 1819-49 ; d. White Co., 111., 29 Apr. 1856, a. 68. Wilson, William, bookseller and poet of Poughkeepsie, N.Y., b. Perthshire, Scot- land, 1801 ; d. 25 Aug. 1860. After many years' residence in Edinburgh, he came in 1833 to the U.S., and in 1834 estab. himself at P. For 30 years a contrib., under the ?iowi de plame of " Allan Grant " and " Alpin," of poems to the periodicals. He edited the Scottish Songs, &c., of Hew Ainslie; assisted in editing the Dundee Review 1821-3; and in 1824 edited the Literary Olio. A vol. of his Poems, edited by Benson J. Lossing, was pub. I2mo, 1870. Wilson, William Dexter, D.D. (Gen. Coll. 1850), LL.D., clergyman, b. Stoddard, N.H., Feb. 28, 1816. He studied at Walpole Acad., and afterward in the Cambridge Theol. School, and was ord. in the Epis. miniritry in 1 842. Prof, of hist, and moral and intcll. phi- los. Geneva Coll. 1850. He has pub. " A Man- ual of Church Principles," 1 846 ; " History of the Reformation in England," 1848 ; "The Church Identified," 1830; "Elementary Trea- tise on Logic," 1856; " Con;nitution of a Christ. Church derived from Holy Script. ; " in 1847 ho edited Bishop Maut "On the Ru- brics ; " and has contrib. to the reviews on philos. subjects. Winchell, Alexander, LL.D. (Wes. U. 18G7), geologist, b. North East, Duchess Co., N.Y., Dee. 31, 1824. AVcsI. U. 1847. Teacher of natural sciences at Amenia Sem., N.Y., 1843-51. and at Mesopotamia Female Sem., Ala., 1851-3 ; pres. of Alasonic Female U., Sclma, Ala., 1853 ; prof, physics and civil eng. U. of Mich. 185.3-5; and of gcol., zoiil., and botany, since 1855; pres. of Mich. State Teachers' Assoc. 1859 ; State geologist, Mich., 1859-62 ; prof, of geology in the Ky. U. 1866- 9 ; made director of the geol. survey of Mich. 1869 ; prof, of geol., zool., and botany, U. of Mich. Member of a large number of scientific bodies at home and abroad. Has pub. 210 original papers and volumes ; and has described 300 new species and genera, mostly fossil. Ed- ited the Miclii,:.'an Journal of kdiinilion in 1859. Author of '■ Sketches ofCreation," 1869, also a " Genealogy of the Family of Win- chell," 1869; "First Biennial Report Geolog. Siuv. of Mich. 1861 ;" " The Grand Traversa Region," Svo, 1866; "Geolog. Map of Mich.," Phila. 1865; "Geol. Ch.art NY.," 1870.— See. list of Ills papers in Allil-one. Winchester, Eluanan, clergyman, b. Brookline, Ms., Sept. 30, 1751; d. Hartford, Ct., April 18, 1797. He began preaching in 1769; and in 1771 was pastor of a Baptist church in IJehoboth, Ms. Adopting the views of the restricted communists, he was excommuni- cated by his church. After residing in Charles- ton, S.C., from 1774 to 1780, he became pastor of the First Baptist Church in Phila. In 1781 he founded there a Universalist church. He preached successfully in Eng. in 1787-94; and pub. " Four Dialogues on Universal Restora- tion," 1788; "Lectures on UnfulliUed Prophe- cies," 4 vols. Svo, 1 790 ; " Five Letters to Rev. Dan. Taylor," 1790 ; " The Progress and Em- pire of Christ," a poem, 1793; and "The Three Woe Trumpets," 1793. Among 37 others of his publications are " New Book of Poems," Boston, Svo, 1773 ; " Hymns," 1776 ; " Oration on the Discovery of America," deliv- ered in Lond. 1792; "Life of Benneville; " " Five Letters on the Divinity of Christ ; " " The Beauties of the Millennium ; " " Ten Let- ters to Thomas Paine, in Reply to his Age of Reason," 1794 ; " Political Catechism," 1795; "Hymns on the Restoration," 1795 ; "Ad- dresses to Jews, Deists, and Christians." His Life was written by Vidler, and by E. M. Stone (Boston, 1836). Winchester, Gen. James, b. Md., 1756 ; d. Tenn. July 27, 1826. Lieut, in the 3d Md. Regt. May 27, 1778; and was made a prisoner by the British, and exchanged Dec. 22, 1780; app. brig.-gen. Mar. 27, 1812; com. a detachment of North-western army, and de- feated by British and Indians near French- town, on the River Raisin, Jan. 22, 1813; re- signed March 21, 1815. Winchester, Samuel Gover, pastor of the Sixth Prcsb. Church, Phila. 18.30-7, and of a cong. at Natchez, Mpi., from 1837 to his 995 ■WTN- d. at N. Y. City 31 Aug. 1841, b. Rock Run, Md., 17 Feb. 1805. Author of "Companion for the Slck,"lS3.3; "Christian Counsel to the Sick," 1836; Discourse at Oakland Coll., 1838; " The Theatre," Phila.l2mo; "Impor- tance of Family Religion, with Prayers and Hymns," 12mo, 1841. — Spraqite. Winder, Levin, gov. Md. 1812-15; d. Bait. July 7, 1819, a. 63. App. maj. 4th Md. Regt. Apr. 17, 1777, and was alieut.-col.at the close of the Revol. war. Speaker of the h. of delegates before 1812; in 1816 was a mem- ber of the senate, and was also a gen. of militia, and i;rand-master of Masons of Maryland. Winder, Gen. William H., b. Somerset Co., Md., Feb. 18, 1775; d. Baltimore, May 24, 1824. U. of Pa. Ho established himself 798; was app. lieut.-col.inf. Mar. 16, 1812 ; col. I4th Inf. July 6, 1S12; com. a successful exped. from Black Rock to the Canada shore below Fort Erie, Nov. 28, 1812; brig.-gen. Mar. 12, 1813 ; made prisoner at Stony Creek, U. Can- ada, June 6, 1813 ; adj. and insp.-gcn. May 9, 1814; assigned to com. of 10th dist. July 2, 1814 ; com. at the battle of Bladensburg, and in the unsuccessful defence of Washington City, Aug. 1814 ; and, after the war, resumed his pro- fession. He was disting. at the bar and in the 6enate of Md., and, though unfortunate, was esteemed for gallantry and patriotism. His son Gen. John H. Winder, b. Md. 1800, d. Brancheville, S.C, Feb. 9, 1865, West Point, 1820; assist, instructor in tactics there 1827-8. He served with distinction in the Mexican war, and at the opening of the Rebellion was major, and brev. lieut.-eol. 3d Art. He resigned 27 Apr. 1861 ; entered the Confed. service; was soon made a brig.gen., but was not actively employed. He com. the post of Richmond ; had charge of Libby Prison, Belle Isle, and finally of Andersonville, Ga. His cruelty to prisoners rendered him infamous. Winds, Gen. William, Revol. officer, b. Southold, L.I.,ab. 1727 ; d. near Dover, Morris Co., N. J , 1789. He was one of the founders of the Presb. Church in Rockaway, and be- queathed to it more than half his large property. In 1775 he was lieut.-eol. in Lord Stirling's regt., and was a col. in 1776 at Ticonderoga. He was a large, athletic man, and had a most powerful voice. Winebrenner, John, founder of a re- ligious sect, called by him the "Church of God," but generallv termed Winebrennerians. Originally a minister of the German Ref. Church, he took charge, in 1821, of a small cong. at Harrisburg, Pa., from which he with- drew in October, 18.30, and founded a new sect. The church has 3 positive ordinances, — bap- tism, feet-washing, and the Lord's supper. Two things are essential to the validity of baptism ; viz., faith and immersion. The elders meet an- nually, while a general eldership of delegates from the annual elderships is held every 3 years. The denomination has a domestic and foreign missionary society, and a printing-establishment for its publications. Its organ is the Church Adroi-ntp, a. wceklv. Wines, Enoch Cobb, D.D. (Mid. 18.53), LL.D. (Wash. Coll. 1859), teacher and author, b. Hanover, N. J., Feb. 17, 1806. ^ Mid. Coll. gi 1827. He became principal of an acad. at St. Alban's, and afterward assist, teacher in a female sem. in Alexandria, Va., and next opened a school In Washington City. In 1829 he taught on board the ship " Constellation," in which he visited the Mediterranean. In 1833 he took charge of the Edge-hill School, Princeton, N. J. ; in 1833 became prof, of lan- guages in the Central High School of Phila. ; in 1844 founded a boarding-school in Burling- ton, N. J., where he remained 4 years. In Jan. 1849 he was licensed to preach by the Cong, board of R.I., and has since preached in various places. In 1853 became prof, in Wash. Coll., Pa.; and in July, 1859, took charge of a lit- erary institution, styled the " City U. of Si. Louis." Has latterly been engaged in a mission for the organization of an International Prison Congress. He has pub. " Two Years and a Half in the American Navy," 2 vols. 1832; "Hints on a System of Popular Education," 1837; "How shall I Govern my School?" 1838 ; " Commentaries on the Laws of the Ancient Hebrews," 1852 ; "A Trip to Boston," 1838; "A Peep at China," 8vo ; Monthly Journal of Education ; " Essay on the Advan- tages of Studying the Classic Languages ; " " Lecture on Education as a Source of Wealth ; " " Treatise on Regeneration," 1863 ; " Essay on Temptation," 1865 ; " Promises of God," 1868; besides contribs. to periodicals. Wingate, Paine, jurist, b. Amesbury, Ms., May 14, 1739; d. Stratham, N.II., March 7,1833. H.U. 1759. Gr.-grandson of John of Dover, 1660; grandson of Col. Joshua (b. Dover, N.H., Feb. 2, 1680, d. Hampton, Feb. 9, 1769), who was at the capture of Louisburg, 1745 ; son of Paine, minister of Amesbury 1726-86 (H.U. 1723). He was ord. Cong, minister of Hampton Falls, N. H., Dec. 14, 1763; dism. March 18, 1771; M.C. in 1787; U.S. senator 1789-93; again M.C. 1793-5; and a judge of the Superior Court of N.H. 1798-May, 1809. His wife, a sister of Timo- thy Pickering, d. Jan 7, 1843, a. 100 years and 8 months. Wingfleld, Edwin Maria, merchant of London, a member of a disting. family ; wa3 first pre-^. of the Colony of Va. under the pat- " "" Apr. 1606. In consequence of dis- agreements, he returned to Eng. in 1 603. Capt. ent of 10 Ar John Smith gives him a very bad character. Charles Deane in 1860 edited, with Notes and an Introd., "A Discourse of Virginia" by Wingficld, first printed from the original MS. in the Lambeth Library. Winslow, Chakles Frederick, M.D. (H.U. 1834), b. Nantucket, Ms., ISU. App. consul to Payta, Peru, 1862. Author of "Cos- mography," 12mo, 1853; " Preparation of the Earth,'' &c., 1854; "The Cooling Globe," 1865 ; " Force and Nature," &c., 8vo, 1869. Winslow, Edward, gov. of Plymouth Colony 1 633, '36, and '44, b. Droitwich, Worces- tershire, Eng., Oct. 19, 1595; d. at sea, be- tween St. Domingo and Jamaica, May 8, 1655. He was of good family ; made a tour in Europe; and in 1617 joined the church of Rev. John Robinson at Lcyden. He was a passen- ger in " The Mayflower;" was one of 5 emi- ^VTisr 996 grant brothers ; and, in the first conf. with Mas- sasoit, offered himself as a hostage, and won the attachment of the chief, which he strengthened in 1623 by curing him of a severe illness. lu 1623-4 he made two voyages to Europe as agent for the Colony. Wliile in Eng. in 1635, as agent for the Colony, Archbishop Laud im- prisoned him in the Fleet Prison for 17 weeks on the charges of having taught in the church, being a layman, and performing marriage as a magistrate. In 16-19 he again went to Eng.; oidod in organizing the Society for the Propa- gation of the Gospel in N.E., and was engaged in various public affairs. In 1655 Cromwell made him one of 3 comraiss. to superintend an cxped. against the Spaniards in the W. Indies, and he died in that service. He pub. " Good Newes from N. England," 1623; "Relation about Indians ; " " Hypocrisio Unmasked ; " " A Brief Narrative of the Tnie Grounds or Cause of the First Planting of N. England; " "The Danger of tolerating Levellers; "Glo- rious Progress of the Gospell among the Indi- ans," 1649; "New England's Salamander Dis- covered," &c., 1647; "A Platform of Church Discipline in New England," 1653. Winslow, HcBBAKD, D.D. (Ham. Coll. 1858), clergyman and author, b. WilUston, Vt., Oct. 30, 1799; d. there Aug. 13, 1864. y.C. 1825. He studied theology; was settled pastor of the Fii-st Church at Dover, Dec. 4, 1828 ; dism. Nov. 3, 1831 ; pastor of the Bow- doin-st. Church, Boston, Sept. 26, 1832-Mar. 1844 ; from 1844 to 1853 he had charge of the Mt. -Vernon, or Beacon-Hill, Sem. for Young Ladies, in Boston; afterward travelled some months in Europe ; in 1 857-9 preached to the First Presb. Church in Geneva, N.Y. ; and in 1861 was pastor of the 50th-st. Prcsb. Church. Among his pubs, are " Young Man's Aid ; " " Sermons on Christian Doctrines ; " " Dis- courses on the Trinity ; " " Social and Do- mestic Duties ; " " Are you a Christian "i " "Elements of Intellect. Philos. ; " "Appropri- ate Sphere of Woman," 1 837 ; " Woman as She Should Be," 1837 ; " Relation of the Natural Sciences to Revelation," 1839; "Design and Mode of Baptism," 1842 ; " History of the First Prcsb. Church and of the Village of Geneva, N.Y.," 1859; "Moral Philosophy," 1856; "The Hidden Life," 1862. He deliv- ered numerous addresses on educational topics, contrib. to the Educational Journal, edited the Religious Ma/jazine, and wrote articles for vari- ous reviews. He was an able controversialist and an impressive preacher. Winslow, John, maj.-gcn., b. Marshfield, Ms., 27 May, 1702; d. Hi'ngham, Ms., 17 Apr. 1774. Grandson of Gov. Josiah. Capt. in the unfortunate Cuba exped. in 1740. He was the principal actor in the tragedy of the expulsion of the hapless Acadians from Nova Scotia in 1755; and it is a singular fact, that, 20 years after, nearly every person of Winslow's lineage was for political reasons, by the force of evente, transplanted to. the very soil from which the Acadians were expelled. Winslow was com.- in-chief at Fort Wm. Henry, on Lake George, in 1756; a major-gen. in the cxped. against Canada in 1758-9; and was an olUcer of cour- age and ability. App. pres. judge of C.C.P. for Plymouth Co. in 1762; Prov. councillor and member of the Ms. legisl. during the Stamp-Act difficulties. An orirfnal fotmdcr of the towa of Winslow, Sle., m 1765. His son Dr. Isaac d. Marshfield in 1819, a. 80. Winslow, John A., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Wilmington. N.C., Nov. 19, 1810. Descended from a bro. of Gov. Edward. Midshipm. Feb. 1 , 1827; lieut. Dec. 9, 1839; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt.Julyl6,1862; commo. June 19, 1864; rear- adm. 1870. Attached to the frigate " Cumber- land" in the attack on Tabasco; and in various skirmishes on the Mexican coast 1 845-7 ; in the Mpi. flotilla 1861-2; at Fort Pillow; com. ex- ped. uf) the Wbite River for the relief of Gen. Curtis in June, 1862; com. "Kearsarge" 1863- 4. June 19, 1864, he sunk the Confed. steamer "Alabama," Capt. Semmes, oil' Cherbourg, France. The action was fought while the two vessels were steaming at the rate of 7 or 8 miles an hour, and every few minutes sheering so as to bring their broadsides to bear, being forced to fight in circles, " swinging steadily around an ever-changing centre." After they had de- scribed 7 circles, and had reduced their distance from a mile to about a quarter of a mile, " The Alabama " began to sink. " The Kearsarge " lost only 3 killed and wounded. For tliis gal- lant action Capt. Winslow was made commo- dore. Com. Gulf squad. 1866-7 ; now (1S71) com. Pacific fleet. Winslow, Josiah, first native-bom gov. of Plymouth, son of Gov. Edward, b. Marah- field, Ms., 1629; d. there Dec. IS, 16S0. Ho had the command of a military company in Marshfield as early as 1652; in 1656 he cap- tured Alexander, eldest son of Massasoit, and defeated his plans against the Colony; in 1658 was app. major, then commander of the mili- tary of the Colony ; in 1675 he was gen.-in- chief of the whole force of the U. Colonies raised iu liing Philip's Indian war. One of the com- miss. of the U. Colonics in 1653, he was re- elected for 13 years. He was chosen oue of the deputies in 1657, and until 1673 one of the as- sists., when he was elected gov., which office he held until his death. He was tolerant in an ago when that virtue was exceedingly rare. His wife Pe.nelope, dan. of Herbert Pelham, whom he m. in 1657, d. Dec. 7, 1703, a. 73. Winslow, MiRON, D.D. (II. U. 1858), LL.D. (Mid. Coll. 1864), missionary and phi- lologist, bro. of Rev. Hubbard and Gordon, b. Wiiliston, Vt., 1 1 Dec. 1789 ; d. Capo of Good Hope 22 Oct. 1864. Mid. Coll. 1815; And. Scm. 1818. His father Nathaniel, descended from Kenelm, who came in " The Ma%-nower," was a teacher, and d. Wiiliston, Vt., .30 April, 1832, a. SO. In June, 1819, he sailed for India. After 17 years' labor at Ceylon, he founded a mission at Madras, and was pros, of the native college connected with it. Author of " Hist, of Missions," 1819 ; "Memoir of Harriet Wins- low," 1835; "Hints on Missions to India," 1856; and in 1862, after 20 years' labor, his valuable " Dictionary of the 'Tamil and Eng- lish Language." He also translated the Bible into Tamil, pub. several works in India, and contrib. to periodicals. Ilis brother Gordon, many years Pr.-Ep. rector of St. Paul's, Statcn Island, drowned in the Potomac 7 June, 1804, Wi-N" 997 WLN" whfle insp. for the Sanitary Commiss., Army of the Potomac. His son Col. Cleveland d. of wounds received at Mechauicsville, Va., 7 July, 18G4, a. 2S. Winsor, Justin, superintendent Boston Public Library since Feb. 1863, b. Boston, Ms., 2 Jan. 1831. Studied at Cambridge, Ms., Paris, and Heidelberg. Author of " History of Duxbury, Ms.," 8vo, 1849; compiler, with Rev. G. H. llepworth, of" Songs of the Unity," 1859. Contrib. to various periodicals. He is now preparing a Liie of David Garriek. Winston, Joseph, b. Va. 1746 ; d. near Gormantown, X.C, 1314. He joined a com- pany of rangers in 1760; was twice wounded in an Indian fight on the Greenbrier ; was pen- sioned by the Icgisl. for liis gallantry ; removed to Stokes Co., N.C., in 1766; was its repre- sentative in 1775-6, and was app. a major; was in several fights with Tories ; and for his travcry at King's Mountain, where he com. the right wing, had a sword voted hira by the legisl. Commiss. to the Cherokccs, with whom a treaty was made in 1777. First senator from Stokes Co. in 1791, and member of the legisl. repeatedly untU 1812; M.C. 1793-5 and 1803- 7. His son Gen. Joseph d. Platte Co., Mo., March 24, 1840, a. 52. He had filled important offices in Stokes Co., N.C. ; served in the war of 1812; W.1S many years in the State Icgisl. ; and was a major-general of militia. Winter, William, poet, b. Gloucester, Ms., 1836. Author of " The Convent, and Other Poems," 1854; The Queen's Dom.iin, and Other Poems," 1853 ; " My Witness," Sx., a book of verse, 1871. lias edited George Ar- nold's poems ; is dramatic critic of the N. Y. Tribune and X }'. Albion, and a contributor to magazines and journals. Winterbotham, William, assistant preacher at How's Lane, Plymouth, was ar- raigned for seditious words in his sermons, Nov. 5 and 8, 1792; and in July, 1793, sentenced to 4 years' imprisonment and a fine of .£200. Au- thor of "American Atlas," London, 1794; " Historical View of the U.S. and of the Eu- rop. Settlements of America and the West In- dies," 4 vols. 8vo, London, 1795 ; composed in prison, " View of the Chinese Empire," 8vo, 1793. — Al'Ibonc. Winthrop, Fixz John, F.R.S., gov. of Ct. from 1698 till his death, b. Ipswich, March 14,1633; d. Boston, Nov. 27, 1707. Eldest son of Gov. John of Ct. He went to Eng., where he held a commission under the Pro- tector Richard Cromwell in 1653, and, return- ing to Ct., became a representative in 1671 ; served as major in Philip's war, and in 16S6 was one of the council of Gov. Andros. He I)ecame a magistrate of Ct. in 1689 ; in 1690 was app. maj.-gen. of the army designed to act against Canada, and conducted the exped. with great prudence. In 1693-8 he was agent of the Colony in Great Britain, and discharged his duties so satisfactorily, that the Icgisl. pre- sented him vrith £500. Like his father, he was distinguished for philosophical attainments. Winthrop. John, gov. of Ms., b. Groton, Suflblk, Eng., Jan. 12, 1588 ; d. Boston, Mar. 26, 1649. Like his father and grandfather, he was bred to the law; at 18 was a justice of the peace, and was noted for piety and hospitality. Made gov. of the Ms. Company in 1629, and chosen to lead a colony to Ms. Bay, he con- verted his estate into cash, left Eng., and landed at Salem, June 12, 1630. He soon removed to Charlestown, and selected the peninsula of Shawmut as the site of Boston, and sliared in the severe privations of the first year. Devoting himself assiduously to the good of the Colony, he was annually elected gov. until 1634, again in 1637-40, 1642-4, and fiom 1646 to his death. In 1636, when Sir Henry Vane was elected gov., Winthrop was chosen deputy-gov. Vane and Winthrop were on opposite sides in the Hutchinson controversy, and in 1637 Winthrop was chosen over Vane. He subsequently had a controversy with Vane in regard to the alien law. Again dep.-gov. 1644-5. Winthrop was opposed to an unlimited democracy ; and, when the people of Ct. were fonninjj a govt., he wrote them a letter, in which he said that " the best part of a community is always the least, and of that least part the wiser are still less." His firm and decided management of afl';iii-s some- times made him unpopular. He bore this with equanimity, and served the State as faithfully in an inferior station as at its head. He op- posed the doctrines of Anne Hutchinson and her followers, and was active in their banishment. His private character was most amiable. Gov. W. left 5 sons, the eldest of whom was the found- er of the Saylirook Colony, and gov. of Ct. His valuable "Journal" of the public occur- rences in the Ms. Colony from Mar. 29, 1630, to Jan. 11, 1649, was pub. in 1790, and, with notes by James Savage, in 1826 and 1853. He also wrote on board " "The Arbella " " A Mod- el! of Christian Charitv," printed in the Ms. "Hist. Colls." — .See Life and Letters of Win- throp, htj R. C. Wintlirop, 2 vols. 8vo, 1864-7. Winthrop, Johx, F.R.S., gov. of Ct.,son of the preceding, b. Groton, Eng., Feb. 12, 1606; d. Boston, April 5, 1676. Dublin U. 1622-5. He was in the exped. of 1627 for the relief of the Huguenots of Rochello; in 1628 was an attacM of the embassy to Turkey ; fol- lowed his father to America in 1631, and was in 1632 chosen a magistrate of Ms. ; settled at Ipswich in Mar. 1633, but soon returned to Eng. In 1635 he came back with a commis- sion under the Warwick grant, built a fort at the mouth of the Ct. River, and was constituted gov. In 1644-5 he moved his family from Bos- ton to Pequot Harbor, where, in the following spring, he founded the city of New London. He was a magistrate in 1651 ; gov. from 1657 to his d. Sent to Eng. in 1661, he procured a charter from Charles II. uniting Ct. and New Haven in one Colony, and was the first gov. under it. In 1676 he visited Boston as the representative of Ct. in a congress of the United Colonies. He was an accomplished scholar, a founder of the Royal Society of Iion- don, and the author of a number of papers in the "Philosophical Transactions." Winthrop, Jons, LL.D. (U. of Edinb. 1771), F.R.S., Hollis prof of math, and nat. philos. in H. U. 1738-79, b. Boston, 19 Dee. 1714; d. Cambridge, Ms., 3 May, 1779. H.U. 1732. Son of Adam Winthrop, and descend- ant of Gov. John. Disting. for his mathemat- ical skill. His observations of tlic transit of Mercury, in 1740, were nolicrd liy tlir Kny. Soo. of Lond., of which he suIim^] i iitly !..( umr :v member. He observed the tiau -it oi \rMu^n\Lr tlie sun's disk at St. John's, N'ewtbundliui.l, 6 June, 1761, an account of wliich he pub. Bos- ton, 8vo, 1761. He was several years juil.i;e of probate for Middlesex Co. ; member of the council in 1773-4 ; and a prudent as well as a. firm advocate of political liberty. Author of a " Lecture on Earthquakes," 1755; " An- swer to Mr. Prince's Letter on Earthquakes," 1756; "Two Lectures on Comets," 1759; " Account of some Fiery Meteors," 1 765 ; and " Two Lectures on the Parallax," 1769. In 1766 his paper, " Cogitata de Cometes," was communicated to the Roy. Soc. by Dr. Frank- lin, and was separately printed in London. Winthrop, Robert Charles, LL.D. (Bowd. 1849; Keny. 1851; H.U. 1855), ora- tor, politician, and man of letters, b. Boston, 12 May, 1809. H.U. 1828. Sixth in descent from Gov. John Winthrop. His father Thos. Lindall, LL.D. (Trin. Coll. 1836), lieut.-sov. of Ms. in 1826-32 (b. N. Lond., Ct., 6 Mar. 1760; d. Boston, 22 Feb. 1841 ; H.U. 1784), was a merchant, and took a deep interest in agriculture ; was pres. of the Ms. Agric. Soc, of the Jls. Hist. Soc, and of the Amer. Antiq. Soc, and a member of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and of the Philos. Soc; in 1786 he m. the eldest dau. of Sir John Temple, and grand- dau. of Gov. Bowdoin. The son studied law with Daniel Webster ; entered the State legi.sl. in 1835; was its speaker in 1838-40; M.C. 1840-2 and 1843-50, and speaker in 1847-8; U.S. senator 1850-1, during the unexpired term of Mr. Webster. Pres. of the Ms. Hist. Soc, and of other literary and charitable associations, and also of the Boston Public-Library Building Commissioners . His congressional speeches are included in a vol. of " Addresses and Speeches," pub. 1852, followed by a second in 1867. Au- thor of " Life and Letters of John Winthrop," 2vols., 1864-7; and "Memoir of Nathan Apple- ton," 1861. Among his addresses are those on the Washington Monument Inaug., 1848; Public Library of Boston, 1855; and that of the Franklin Statue in 1 856 ; in memory of Wm. H. Prescott, Feb. 1859 ; Josiah Quincy in July, 1864 ; on Edward Everett in Jan. 1865 ; and at Plymouth, 21 Dec 1870. In Dec. 1 853 he delivered a lecture on Algernon Sidney before the Boston Jlercantile-Lib. Association. Winthrop, Theodore, soldier and au- thor, b. N. Haven, Ct., Sept. 21, 1828 ; killed at the battle of Great Bethel, Va., June 10, 18G1. _Y. C. 1 848. After a visit to Europe for his health in 1849-51, he became tutor to the son of Mr. W. n. Aspinwall, whose counting-house in New York he subsequently entered ; resided 2 years in Panama in the employ of the Pacific Steam- ship Co. ; visited California, Oregon, and Van- couver's Ishind ; and accomp. the unfortunate exped. of Lieut. Strain to explore the Isthmus of Darien. Returning in 1 854 in poor health, he was adm. to the bar, and practised at St. Louis, but, disliking the climate, soon re- turned to New York. Immediately after the fall of Fort Sumter, in Apr. 1861, he joined the N.Y. 7th Regt., and became military sec. to Gen. Butler at Fortress Monroe, with the rank of major. .Author of " Cecil Drecme," " John limit," " IMwin Brothcrtoft," "Canoe and SacMlc," " Life in the Open Air; " also a num- ber of nia:;a/.ino articles, among them an ac- count of the campaign of the N.Y. 7th Regt. in the Atlantic MontlJij of June, July, and Aug., 1861. Winthrop, Waitstill, mn).-gon.,b. Bos- ton. Feb. 27, 1642; d. there 7 Nov. 1717. Son of Gov. John of Ct. Member of Aiidnis's coun- cil and of that of 1692; jud-c of admiralty; and chief justice of the Superior Court of Ms. His son John (b. 28 Aug. 1681, d. 1 Aug. 1747 ; H.U. 1700) was some time a magistrate of Ct. ; afterward a disting. member of the Koy. Soc of Lond., to whose " Tr; he was a contributor. Wirt, William, LL.D. (H.U. orator, lawver, and author, b. Blade! Md., Nov. 8, 1772; d. Washington. Feb. 18, 1834. His father was a Sni his mother a German. Left an orpli; 1824), nsburg, D. v.. and at the age of 8 with a small patrimony, he was edu- cated by his uncle Jasper, lle'resided ab. 20 months' as a private tutor in the fomily of Benjamin Eduards, the father oC Gov. Ninisin Edwards of lllinuis. In 1792 he commenced the practice of law at Culpeper C.H., Va. ; in 1795 he m. the eldest dau. of Dr. George Gil- mer, and settled at Pen Park, near Charlottes- ville. He there contracted dissipated habits, from which he is said to have been redeemed by listening to a sermon preached by James Waddell, whose memory he has perpetuated in his " British Spy." In 1799 his wife died, and he was soon after elected clerk of the house of delegates. He was in 1802 app. chancellor of the eastern dist. of Va., but shortly afterward.s resigned this office, and, toward the close of 1803, removed to Norfolk. Just before this he wrote the letters j)ub. in the Richmond Argus under the title of " The British Spy," which have since been collected, and have passed through ten editions; in 1804 he pub. in the Richmond Enquirer a series of essays entitled "The Rainbow;" in 1806 he went to Rich- mond, and, the following year, greatly disting. himself in the trial of Aaron Burr, establishing his reputation as one of the foremost lawyers in the country ; in 1807-8 he was elected to" the house of delegates, in which he was a promi- nent advocate of the policy of Pres. Jetlerson ; in 1812 he wrote most of the essays originally pub. in the Richmond Enquirer under the title of " Tlie Old Bachelor." " The Life of Pat- rick Henry," his longest literary production, was first pub. in 1817. In 1816'he was app. U.S. atty.for theDist. of Va. ; and in 1817-30 was atty.-gen. of the U.S. ; in 1830 he removed to Baltimore. He delivered a discourse on the death of Mr. Adams and Mr. Jefferson before the citizens of Washington, Oct. 19, 1826. In 1S32 he was the candidate of the anti-Masonic party for pres. of the U.S. His Life, by J. P. Kennedy, was pub. (2 vols., Phila.) 1849. His widow Elizabeth Washingto.n, dau. of Col. Robert Gamble (b. 30 Jan. 1784, m. 1802, d. Annapolis 24 Jan. 1857), was the author of " Flora's Dictionary," Bait. 1829. Wise, Henky Alexander, politician, b. \V1S "^VIT Drumraondtown, Accomac Co., Va., 3 Dee. Ci li)L> 180G.^ Wash. Coll., Pa., 1825. His father, / who was a lawyer, and once speaker of the house of delegates, d. 1812. His mother d. in 181.3, and he was educated by relatives. Adm. to the bar at Winchester in 1828, and settled in Nash- ville, Tenn., but in 1830 returned to Accomac ; M.C. 18.33-43, and a supporter of Gen. Jack- son, but, on his removal of the deposits from the U.S. Bank, went over to the opposition. Minister to Brazil 184.3-7. He exerted a powerful influence over the policy of John Ty- ler, to whose nomination to the vice-presidency in 1840 ho largely contributed. A zealous ad- vocate of the admission of Texas into the Union. Member of the State Const. Conv. of I8J0; t'ov. ofVa. 1856-60. He joined Senator Douglas in opposing the Lecompton Constitu- tion (or Kansas. In 1859 he pub. a treatise on territorial govt., sustaining the doctrine of congressional protection of slavery. The last act of his administration was the execution of John Brown and his followers for the raid on Harper's Ferry. In the Va. convention of 13 Feb. 1861, he advocated a peaceful settlement of the difficulties with the Federal government. After the secession of Va., however, he took the commission of brig.-gen. ; was defeated by Gen. J. D. Cox at Gauley Bridge ; and com. at Roanoke Island, but was sick when its capture took place, 7 Feb. 1862. His son, Cant. O. J. Wise, was killed on that occasion. —See Biog. Sketch hii J. P. UamUeton, 1856. Wise, Henry Augustus, capt. U.S.N., and novelist, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., May 12, 1819; d. Naples 1 Apr. 1869. Son of George Stuart Wise, an officer of the U.S.N., who came from an old royalist family, several of whom were taken prisoners after the Penruddock Rebel- lion, and sent to Va. ab. 1665. At the age of 14, by the influence of his cousin Gov. Wise, he was app. a midshipman, and first sailed un- der Capt. John Percival, — the " Jack Percy " of his " Tales for the Marines." He served in the squadron on the coasts of Florida during the Seminole war, and, after promotion to a lieutenancy, in the Pacific, in Cal., and Mexico, during the war of 1846-8. On his return to the U.S. he m. the dau. of Edward Everett. In 1862 he was promoted to com., and made as- sist, chief of the bureau of ordnance and hy- drography ; capt. Jan. 1867 ; resigned his con- nection with the ordnance bureau, Jan. 1869. He pub. in 1849 "Los Gringos;" in 1855 " Tales for the Marines ; " " Scampavias," 1857; "Capt. Brand of the Schooner Centi- pede," 1860. Wise, John, minister of Ipswich, Ms., from Aug. 12, 1683, till his d. April 8, 1725. Bapt. Aug. 15, 1652. H. U. 1673. Son of Joseph of Koxbury. In 1 688, for remonstrating against the grievance of taxes imposed without authority from the Assembly, he was im- prisoned by Andros. After the revol. of Apr. 1689 he brought an action against Dudley, chief justice, for denying him the benefit of the habeas-corpus act. Asa chaplain in the unfor- tunate exped. against Canada in 1690, he was disting. not only for piety, but for martial skill and an heroic spirit. He was one of the very few ministers who favored the introduction of inoculation for small-pox in 1721. In 1705 ho opposed the scheme of establishing associations to be intrusted with spiritual power; and in his " Church Quarrel Espoused," pub. in 1710, — a book abounding in wit and satire, — con- tended that each church contained in itself all ecclesiastical authority. He was zealous and ardent in his attachment to civil and religious liberty, and was a dep. to the Assembly in Andres's administration. He pub. beside the above, ab. 1717, "A Vindication of the Govt, of the N. E. Churches," reprinted in 1772, Wisner, Benjamin Bltuenisurg, D.D. (Edinb.), minister of the Old South Church, Boston, Feb. 21, 1821-1832, b. Goshen, N.Y., Sept. 29, 1794; d. Boston, Feb. 9, 1835. Un. Coll. 1813 ; tutor 1815-18. His father, P. B. Wisner, was one of the first settlers and founders of the church at Geneva, N.Y. The son stud- ied law, and afterward theology, at Princeton. Ill-health caused him to leave the pulpit in 1832 fur the office of sec. of the Amer. Board of Missions. Besides sermons, he pub. in 1830 "A History of the Old South Church;" "Memoirs of Mrs. S. Huntington," 1828. — iU/s.s-. IleraUl, 1836. Wisner, Moses, lawyer, gov. of Mich. 1859-61, b. A urclius, Cayuga Co.,N.Y., 1818; d. Lexington, Ky., 5 Jaii. 1863. He received a good education ; removed to Mich, in 1839 ; was adm. to the bar in 1842, and was pros, attv. for Lapeer Co. in 1843-4; app. col. 22d Mich. Regt. in 1862. Wistar, Caspar, M.D. (U. of Edinb. 1786), physician, b. Phila. 13 Sept. 1761; d. there 22 Jan. 1 81 8. His father, a German Quaker, settled in N.J. After the battle of Germantown in 1777, he ministered to the wounded, and was in consequence led to adopt the medical profession. After studying with Dr. Redman, he attended the lectures at the U. of Pa., and in 1783-7 studied and travelled in Great Britain. Returning to Phila. in Jan. 1 787, he began practice there ; was prof, of chemistry and physiol. in Phila. Coll. m 1789- 92, and physician to the Dispensatory and Hos- pital ; adjunct prof of anatomy and surgery with Dr. Shippen, Jan. 1792-1808; and prof, of anatomy in 1808-18. He was a most skilful physician, and gave to the Phila. Med. School the high reputation it acquired. Member of many literary and scientific societies ; vice-pres. of the Amer. Philos. Soc. from 1795, and pres. from 1815. lie succeeded Dr. Rush as pres. ofthe Society for the Abolition of Slavery. His principal work is a " System of Anatomy," 2 vols. 1812. — GVoss's iteJ. Diog. Wiswall, IcHABOD, minister of Duxburv, Ms., 1676, to his d. July 23, 1700, b. Eng. 1638. He studied three years at H.U., but did not graduate. He was many years an instructor of youth, and was agent ofthe Colony in Eng. in 1689, striving to prevent the union of Plym- outh to either N.Y''. or Ms., but was defeated in this by Inc. Mather. A poem on the comet of 1680 was pub. by him in London. Withers, Gen. Jones M., b. Ala. ab. 1814. West Point, 1835. Entered 1st Drag.s. July, and resigned Dec. 5, 1 835. Aide to Maj.- Gen. Patterson of Ala. Vols, in the Creek war, 1836; col. Ala. Vols, for Mexican war; licut.- WOL col. 13th U. S. Inf. 9 Apr. 1847 ; col. 9th Inf. Sept. 13, 1847; resigned May 23, 1848; mer- chant in Mobile 1848-61; mayor of that city 1858-61. App. brig.-gen. Confed. serviie 1861; raaj.-gen. 1862; com. 2U div. 2d corps at the battle of Shiloh Apr. 6, and at the battle of Stone River Dec. 31, 1862. Witherspoon, Jonir. D. D., LL. p., clergyman and scholar, b. Tester, near Edin- burgh, Feb. 5, 1722 ; d. near Princeton, N. J., Nov. 15, 1794. His father, the parish minister of Tester, was a lineal descendant of John Knox by his dau. Elizabeth. The son was educated at the U. of Edinburgh ; was licensed to preach at 21; and settled at Beiih. When the Pretender landed in Scotland, he marched at the head of a corps of militia to Glasgow to join him ; was taken prisoner at the battle of Falkirk, and imprisoned in Donne Castle, where he remained until after the battle of Cul- loden. In 1 757 he was settled at Paisley, whence he was called in 1767 to the presidency of Prince- ton Coll., N. J., and was inaug. Aug. 17, 1768. He wrote an apologue entitled " History of a Corporation of Servants," &c., a narrative, under a pleasant disguise, of the church-history of Great Britain; "An Essay on Justification," 1756 ; and a " Serious Enquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Stage," 1757, occasioned by the performance of " Douglas," written by the clergyman Home. In 1764 he went to London, and pub. 3 vols, of " Essays on Important Subjects." Heimprovedthefinances, and raised the reputation of the college, and gave lectures on moral philos. and rhetoric, which are in- cluded in his works. In addition to his other duties, he was prof, of divinity, and pastor of the church in Princeton, during his presidency. On the opening of the war, the college was for a time broken up ; when Witherspoon was dele- gated to the N.J. conv. for framing a State constitution, and, being sent by thoProv. Con- gress to the Gen. Congress at Pliila., took his seat in time to sign the Decl. of Indep. He was a punctual attendant in Congress during his term of 6 years, and active on committees ; member of the secret com. and of the board of war, and visited the camp to improve the state of the troops. He wrote the congressional addresses to the people, recommending fasts, and " Thoughts on American Liberty," and war-pieces in tjie newspapers. His " Ess.ay on Money" was a reproduction of his speeches in Congress, where he opposed the repeated issues of paper-money. In that body his sagacity, and insight into the future, were pre- eminent. In 1781 he wrote several periodical essays on social and literary topics, entitled " The Druid." He went to Eng. in 1783 and 178410 collect funds for the college. At the age of 70 he m. a young lady of 23. By his first wile he had a son, a major in the Hevol. army, killed at the battle of German town. Ramsay the historian m. his dau. His works were pub. in 4 vols. 8vo at Phila. in 1802 ; and in 9 vols. 12mo, Edinburgh. Withington, Rev. Lecw^kd, D.D., pastor of the First Church, Newbury, Ms., 1816-58, b. Dorchester, Ms., Aug. 9', 1789. Y.C. 1814. He pub. " The Puritan, a Series of Essavs by John Oldbug, Esq.," 2 vols. 1836 ; "Solomon's Song," trausl. and explained, 1S6I ; "Penitential Tears," 8vo, 1845; single sermons, &c. — Dmjckimk. Woedtke, De, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. Prussia; d. Lake George, ab. July 31, 1776. He was for many years an officer in the army of the great Frederick, and was app. by Con- gress a brig.-gen. March 16, 1776. Woleott, Oliver, LL.D. (Y.C. 1792), signer of the Decl. of Indep., b. Windsor, Ct., Nov, 26, 1726; d. Litchfield, Dec. 1, 1797. Y.C. 1747. Son of Gov. Roger. Acapt. inthe northern frontier in the war which terminated with the peace of Aix la Chapelle. He then studied medicine, but abandoned it on being app. sherifi'of Litchfield Co. inl751. In 1774- 86 he was an assist, in the council of the State ; also for some time judge of the C.C.P. and of the Litchfield Court of Probate, and a maj.-gcn. of militia. In 1775 he was app. by the Cont. Congress one of the commiss. of Indian affiiirs for the northern dcpt. to secure the neutrality of the Indians. In Jan. 1776 ho was made a delegate to Congress. In July he returned to Ct., and was invested with the com. of the State militia drafted for the defence of N. Y. In Nov. he resumed his seat in Congress. The follow- ing year he joined the northern army under Gates with several hundred volunteers, assisted in the defeat of Burgoyne, and was made brig.- gen. on the field of Saratoga. Until 1 786 he was occupied in serving his country either in Con- gress, in the field, or as a commiss. of Indian affairs; lieut.-gov. of Ct. 1786-96; gov. in 1796-7. Woleott, Oliver, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1799; Y.C. 1819), statesman and financier, b. Litchfield, Ct., 11 Jan. 1760; d. N.Y. Citv, 1 June, 1833. Y.C. 1778. Son of the preceding. He was a vol. to repel theBritish attack on Dan- bury, Ct., in 1777; was a vol. aide to liis faiher in 1779 ; and afterward was an officer in the commis.sary dept. Adm. to the bar in I7S1, he was erai loved in the financial affairs of his State ; in May, 1784, was a commiss. to settle its accounts with the U.S. ; comptroller of public accounts, May, 1788-Sept. 1789; auditor U.S. treasury 1789-91 ; comptroller 1791-5; sec. U.S. treas. 3 Feb. 1795-31 Dec. 1800; app. judge U. S. Circuit Court in 1800. Re- moving to N.Y. City in 1802, he was a merchant until the breaking-out of the war of 1812, the policy of which he sustained, and about this time, in connection with his bro. Frederick, commenced the extensive manuf. establishment at Wolcottville, near Litchfield. Pres. of the State Const. Conv. of 1817; gov.ofCt. 1818-27. 1 While a resident of Hartford, he was one of its coterie of wits with Hopkin.s, Barlow, Alsop, and Trumbull. His last years were passed in New Yoik. Author of " An Address to the People of the U.S.," 8vo, 1802. Woleott, Gen. Roger, soldier, statesman, and jurist, b. Windsor, Ct., Jan. 4, 1679; d. there May 17, 1767. Never having h.ad a day's schooling, he yet rose to the highest military and civil honors. At the age of 12 he was appren- ticed to a mechanic, and by industry and frugal- ity acquired a fortune. In the exped. against Canada(in 1711) he was commissary of the Ct. forces, and at the capture of Louisburg (in "WOL 1001 1745) was maj.-gcn., ami second in com. He was Buccessivcly a member of the Assembly and Council, judge of tlie county court, dep-;;ov., chief judfie of the Supeiior Court, and in 1751- 4 };ov. He pul). " Poetical Meditations," 17i5. A loiiLT MS- poem, which describes minutely the I'lquot war, is preserved in the Hist. See. " ColK." His son Eeastcs, b. 21 Sept. 1722, d. 14 Sept. 1793 ; a col. at the siepe of Boston in 1775, afterwards a gen., and a judge of the Sup. Court. Wolf, GiORGE, gov. of Pa. 1829-35, h. Allen townsldp, l>a., Aug. 12, 1777; d. Phila. March 14, 1S40. He received a classical edu- cation, studied law, and became eminent in the profession. In 1814 he was elected a repre- sentative; was M.C. in 1824-9; was npp. in 1836 first compt. of tlie U. S. treas.; and was afterwards coll. of the port of Philadelphia. Wolfe, James, a British gen., b. Wester- ham, Kent, 15 Jan. 1726 ; killed at Quebec 13 Sept. 17.J9. Son of Edward, a lient.-gen. En- tering youn;; into the aruiy, he disting. himself at Latleldt, though then only 20 years of age. Quartennaster-gen. of the inglorious exped. against Rochcfort in 1757, he vainly recom- mended an attempt at landing; acquired an increase of reputation at the capture of Louis- burg ; and was placed hy \Vm. Pitt, with the rank of maj.-gen., at the head of the force des- tined against Quebec. Late in June, 1759, ho arrived with 8,000 men, in the fleet of Admiral Saunders, in the River St. Lawrence. Mont- calm, the French com., occupied a strong posi- tion, and repulsed Wolfe's first attack with great loss, July 31. Though greatly dispirited by this failure, Wolfe renewed his efforts, and, deceiving the enemy by several feints, embarked with Ills farces in the night of Sept. 12, drifted with the tide, unobserved by the senti- nels, to a point beyond the town, and, scaling an almost inaccessible mountain, formed in order of battle at daybreak of the 13th on the Plains of Abraham. Montcalm, accepting the inevitable battle, attacked Wolfe; but after a severe conflict, which proved fatal to both leaders, victory declared for the English, and, three days later, Quebec surrendered, and Cana- da was lost to France. A monument was erected to his memory in Westminster Abbey. Wood, Alphonso, teacher and botanist, b. ChesterHeld, N.H., Sept. 17, 1810. Dartm. Coll. 1834. He studied divinity at Andover Sem.; taught at Meriden Acad., Plainfield, 15 years ; was a civil engr. 3 years ; prof, and pres. Ohio Female Coll. 8 years ; prof, of Terre- Haute Female Coll., Ind.; subsequently pres. Brooklyn Fem. Acad. He pub. " Class-Book of Botany," 1845, which has gone through 50 editions; "First Lessons in Botany," 1848; "Leaves and Flowers," 1863; "American Botanist and Florist," 1870. Wood, Eleazek D., lieut.-col. U.S.A., b. N. Y. ; killed Sept. 17, 1814, in a sortie from Fort Erie. West Point (lieut. engineers), 1806. Capt. 1 July, 1812 ; brev. major for defence of Fort Meigs', M.iy 6, 1813; disting. in the bat- tle of the Thames ; acting adj.-gen. to Oen. Harrison, Oct. 1813; brev. lieut.-col. for battle of Niagara, July 25, 1814; disting. in Gaines's victory in defence of Fort Erie, U.C. Wood Co., 0., containing the site of Fort Meigs, and Fort Wood on Bcdloe's Island, were named for him ; and Gen. Brown erected a monument to his memory at West Point. Wood, FuRNASDO, politician, b. Phila. 14 June, 1812, of Quaker parentage. From the humble vocation of a cigar-maker he rose to be a ship-owner and a successful merchant of N.Y. City. M.C. 1841-3, 1863-5,and 1867- 73. Mayor of New York 1855-7 and 1861-2 ; and in Jan. 1861 recommended that New York should secede, and become a free city. Wood, George, author, b. Newburvport, Ms., 1799; d. Saratoga Springs, N.Y.,' Aug. 24, 1870. Educated by Samuel L. Knapp, a talented lawyer and Htl&ateur. His mother re- moved with her family in 1816 to Alexandria, D.C. A clerk in the war ilept. 1819-22, and in the tre.is. dept. in 1822-45; he then took lip his residence in N.Y., where he wrote his "Peter Schlemihl in America." Returning to Washington, he resumed his clerical labors, and was at the time of his death chief of navi- gation, division of the treas. dept. Also au- thor of" The Modern Pilgrims," 2 vols. 1855 ; "Marrving Too Late," 1856; "The Gates Wide Open," 1869. He was long co-editor of the National Era, and contrih. to the Knicker- bocker Mai/azine and other periodicals. Wood, GuoiioE B., M.D., LL.D. (N. J. Coll. 1858), prof, of the theory and practice of raed. at the U. of Pa. 1850-60, and pres. of the Coll. of Physicians of Phila., b. Greenwich, N.J., 13 March, 1797. U. of Pa. 1815. M.D. 1818. Prof, of chera. in Phila. Coll. of Phar- macy 1822-31, and of mat. mod. 1831-5; prof, of mateiia medica U. of Pa. 1835-50. In 1865 he endowed an auxiliary faculty of medi- cine in the U. of Pa. Pres. Philos. Soc. since 1859. Author of a Centeimial Address, Pa. Hospital, June 10, 1851; "Practice of Medi- cine," 2 vols. 8vo, 1847; "Therapeutics," 2 vols. 8vo, 1856; with F. Bache, "Dispensa- tory of the U.S.," 8vo, first pub. in 1833; " Memoir of S. G. Morton," 8vo, 1853 ; " Lec- tures and Addresses on Medical Subjects," 8vo, 1859; "Memoirs of Franklin Bache," 8vo, 1865, &c.; "History of the U. of Pa.," 1827. Wood, George T., gov. of Texas 1847- 9; d. on Trinity River, Texas, Sept. 5, 1858. App. major of Ga. 3 mos. vols, in the Creek war. May 16, 1836; col. 2d Texas Regt. mounted vols, in Mexican war, and disting. at the storming of Monterey ; and aftenvards M. C. of Texas. Wood, Isaac, M.D. (Queen's Coll. 1816), physician and philanthro])ist of N. Y. City, b. Clinton, Duchess Co., N.Y., Aug. 21, 1793; d. Norwalk, Ct., March 25, 1868. His father in 1803 removed to N.Y. City, and established there a bookstore, still conducted by his de- scendants. He studied medicine ; spent the years 1814-16 in tlic N. Y. Hospital ; was one of the physicians of the N. Y. Dispensary until 1 825 ; resident phys. of the Bellevue Hospital in 1826- 33 ; and was active in founding and managing many of the medical and other charitable insti- tutio'ns of N.Y. City ; member of the Soc. of Friends. In 1832-3, during the cholera epi- demic, he kept his post, was himself attacked by the disease, and was not fully restored to woo 1002 health for 5 years. He had a very high rep- utation as an ophthalmic surgeon, and was for 25 years one of the most active managers of the N. Y. Inst, for the Blind. Wood, Gen. James, gov. of Va. in 1796- 9 ; d. Richmond, June 16, 1813. Son of Col. Jas. Wood, founder of Winchester, Va. ; was a member of the conv. of Jime, 1776, wliich framed the State Const. ; was made a col. in the Va. service Nov. 15, 1776; and was lieut.- gov., and member of the executive council. A county of Va. was named Wood, in commemo- ration of his patriotic services. — Grigshi/. Wood, John, political writer, b. Scotland ; d. Richmond, Va., May, 1822. He came to America ab. 1800; edited the Western World, a paper in Ky., in 1806, and in 1817 the Atlantic World at Washington. In his last years he resided at Richmond, and was employed in making county maps. He pub. a " History of Switzerland and the Swiss Revol. ; " " His- tory of the Administration of J. Adams," followed by a statement of its sources, pub. in 1802 ; " Exposition of the Clintonian Faction," 1802 ; "A New Theory of the Diurnal Motion of the Earth," 1809. Wood, Mrs. John (Vining), actress, b. Eng. Made her debut at the New Boston Theatre, Sept. 11, 1854, as Gertrude, in the "Loan of a Lover." In 1859 manageress of the Ameri- can Theatre, San Francisco; in 1860-6, of the N.Y. Olympic; and is now (1871) manageress of the St. James Theatre, Lond. Her husband, a comic actor, d. Vancouver's Island, May 28, 1S63. Wood, Joseph, col. Revol. army ; d. 5Iar. 1789. Maj. 2d Pa. Regt., and sent to Canada, 4 Jan. 1776; lieut.-col. 22 July, 1776; col. 7 Sept. 1776. Wood, Reuben, gov. Ohio 1850-3, b. Rutland Co., Vt., 1792; d. Rockport, O., 2 Oct. 1864. Capt. of Vt. Vols, in the war of 1812 ; removed to Cleveland, O., in 1817; was State senator 1825-8 ; pres. judge 3d dist. 1830- 3; judge of Sup. Court 1833-45; and U. S. consul to Valparaiso 1853-5. Wood, Silas, author, and M.C. 1819-29, b. Suffolk Co., N.Y., 1769 ; d. Huntington, L.I., March 2, 1847. N.J. Coll. 1789. Author of a " History of Long Island," 1824 ; new edition 1828 ; and again, with Biog. Memoir and Ad- Munfordsville, Ky., Sept. 25, II Point, 1845. Entering the topog. engrs., he was disting. at the battle of Palo Alto ; was as- signed to the 2d Dragoons in Oct. 1846; and was brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Buena Vista. In 1848-54 he was in active service against the Indians on the Texan frontier. Mar. 3, 1855, he became capt. 1st Cav. ; major 16 Mar. 1861 ; lieut.-col. May 9, 1861; col. 2d Cav. Nov. 12, 1861; brig.-gen. vols. Oct. 11, 1861 ; maj.-gen. 27 Jan. 1865 ; resigned June 9, 1869. Feb. 25, 1862, he took com. of the 6th division of the Army of the Ohio, with which he took part in the battle of Shiloh. He par- ticipated in the battle of Perrj'sville and the pursuit of Bragg's army Oct.-Nov. 1862; was wounded at Stone River 31 Dec. 1862 ; com. division in 21st corps in Tcnn. campaign and battle of Chickaraauga 19-20 Sept. 1863 ; com. div. 4th corps at Mission. Ridge (23-25 Nov.), relief of Knoxville, and invasion of Ga., and engaged in all the operations of the campaign, ending in the capture of Atlanta, and severely wounded at Lovcjoy's Station 2 Sept. 1864; com. 4th corps Dec. 1864 to Feb. 1865 in Tenn. campaign against Hood's forces ; in the battles of Franklin and Nashville ; and brev. brig.- gen. and maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 for Chickamauga and Nashville. — Cullum. Wood, William, author of the first printed account of Massachusetts; resided in that Colony from 1629 till his return to Eng., Aug. 15, 1633. He pub. in Lond. in 1634 "New England's Prospect," — a true, lively, and experimental description. Lewis, his Hist, of Lynn, supposes that he returned to Ms., lived there, was representative in 1636, and in 1637 removed to Sandwich, where he was town^^lerk, and d. there 1639. His book was rcpub. in Boston 1764, and (by the Prince Soc.) in 1865. Wood, William B., comedian, b. Mon- treal, May 26, 1779; d. Phila. Sept. 24, 1861. He was brought up in New York, whither his family removed at the close of the Revol. Fail- ing as a merchant in 1798, he went on the stage with Wignell's company, and soon became a favorite. He in 1 809 became a proprietor of the New Theatre, but lost every tlung by its conflagration in 1820. Dec. 2, 1822, he opened the new Chestnut-st. Theatre, Phila., whirh ho sold in 1826 to Wm. Warren, and Oct. 1, 182'!, opened the new Arch-st. Theatre. Made his last appearance Nov. 18, 1846, at the Walnut-st. Author of "Personal Recollections of the Stage," 8vo, 1854, and of many alterations and adaptations of English plays to the Amer. stage. His wife, Juliana Westeat, first ap- peared at the Haymarket, Boston, in 1797 ; m. Mr. Wood Jan. 30, 1804; d. Phila. Nov. 13, 1836. Wood, William W. W., chief engineer U.S.N., b. Wake Co., N.C., 1818. Educated at the North, and acquired a thorough knowl- edge of engineering at the Wcst-Pomt Foun- dry, N.Y. City. Entered the naval sen'ice in Mar. 1845. Gen. insp. of steam-machinery, and had charge during the Rebellion of the con- struction of our iron-clad fleet and the ma- chinery for the new class of vessels then intro- duced. Woodbridge, Benjamin Ecggles, phy- sici.an and col. Revol. army, b. 16 Oct. 1733; d. So. Hadlev, 8 Mar. 1819. Son of Rev. John, minister of S.II. 1742-83. He com. a Ms. regt. at the siege of Boston and at Ticonderoga in 1776. Woodbridge, William, statesman and jurist, b. Norwich, Ct., Aug. 20, 1780; d. De- troit, Oct. 20, 1861. Removed with Ids father, Hon. Dudley, to Marietta, Ohio, in 1791. Educated in Ct. ; stndicd law in Litchfield, and was adm. to the bar in 1806. In 1807 he was a member of the Assembly ; pros. atty. for his county 1808-14, and also a member of the State senate; app. sec. of Mich. Terr. 1814; delegate to Congress in 1819 ; judge of the Sup. Court of the Terr. 1828-32; member of the State Const. Conv. in 1835; State senator in 1837; 1003 ^voo gov. of the State in 1840-1; and U. S. 1841-7. His "Life," by Charles Lanman, was pub. 1867. Woodbridge,WiLLiAMCnANNTNG, teach- er and author, b. Medford, Ms., Dec. 18, 1794; d. Boston, Nov. 9, 1845. Y.C. 1811. In 1812- 14 principal of Burlington Acad., N.J. ; then studied theol. ; and was in 1S17-20 a teacher in tlic Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford. He prepared, in conjunction with Mrs. Emma Wiilard, a compendium of Geog- raphy. Also pub. fi-om 1831 to 1838 the Amer. Annals of Education ; "Letters from Hofwyl," giving an account of Fellenbcrg's system ; and Several elementary works of instruction. Woodbury, Augustus, b. Beverly, Ms., 1825. Camb. Theol. Sehool, 1849. Settled as a Unitarian pastor at Concord, N.H., 1849 ; at Lowell, Ms., 1853; and at Providence, R.I., 1857. Author of "Plain Words to Younj; Men," 1S53; "Campaign of the First R.f. Eegt.," 1861; "Gen. Bumsido and the 9th Corps," 8vo, 1867; also orations, sermons, ad- dresses, papers in the reviews, &c. — AUi- bone. Woodbury, Damiel Phineas, brev. maj.- gcn. U.S.A., b. New London, N.U., 16 Dec. 1812 ; d. Key West, Fla., 15 Aug. 1864. West Point, 1836. 1st lieut. cngrs. 7 July, 1833; capt. 3 Mar. 1853; maj. 6 Aug. 1861 ; lieut.- col. 1 June, 1863; brig.-gen. vols. 19 March, 1S62. In 1847 he established Forts Kearney and Laramie on the Platte; was engaged on the fortifications of Washington, May, 1861- Mar. 1862. He had charge of the cngr. brigade before Richmond and Fredericksburg, and was chief engr. of the dept. of the Gulf, Apr. 1863- Aug. 18G4. Brev. col. for the Peninsular cam- paign; brig.-gen. 13 Dec. 1862 for Fredericks- burg, Va. ; and maj.-gen. 1 5 Aug. 1 864 for services in the Rebellion. Author of papers on " Sustaining Walls," 1854; and "Theory of the Arch," 1858. — Cidlwii. Woodbury, Isaac B., teacher and com- poser of music, b. Beverly, Ms., 1819; d. Co- lumbus, S.C., Oct. 26, 1858. Ho studied one year in Europe under eminent ins.rnctors. Taught in the public schools of Boston, and about 1 845 removed to New York. Ho wrote and compiled a number of musical works, among them " The Dulcimer," a collection of church-music, pub. 1850; "Liber Musicus," 1851; "The Cythai-a;" "New Lute of Zion;" also oratorios with orchestral accompaniments, glee-books, juvenile music, " Cultivation of the Voice," "Self-Instructor in Musical Compos, and Thorough-Bass," "Singing-school Com- panion," "Melodeon and Seraphine Instruc- tion Book," &c. He commenced the publica- tion of the Musical Review in Jan. 1850. Woodbury, Levi, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1823; Wesl. U. 1843), jurist and statesman, and a leader of the Democ. party, b. Frances- town, N.ll., Dec. 22, 1789; d. Portsmouth, N.H., Sept. 7, 1851. Dartm. Coll. 1809. He studied law ; was adm. to the bar in 1812 ; and practised at Francestoivn till 1816, when he was chosen clerk of the State senate. In Dec. 1816hcwasapp. a judgeofthe Superior Court ; and in 1819 m., and removed to Portsmouth. Gov. of the State in 1S23; speaker of the house in 1825; U.S. senator 1825-31 ; sec. of the na- vy. May, 1831 -July, 1834, and of the treasury, July, 1834-March4, 1841. During this period he refused tlie post of chief justice of the N.H. Superior Court. Again returned to the U.S. sen- ate in 1841, he voted against the increase of the navy, and in 1 844 in favor of annexing Texas. In Sept. 1845 Mr. Polk app. him a justice of the U.S. Sup. Court. The mission to Eng., previously tendered him by Mr. Polk, he de- clined. He pub. a vol. of Law Reports in con- nection with Judge Richardson of N.H. ; a coll. of his "Political, Judicial, and Literary Writings," app. in 1852, 3 vols. Svo, Boston. His son Chables Levi, member Suffolk bar, and a prominent Mason (I). Portsm. 22 May, 1820, U.S. dist. atty. for Ms. 1858-61), edited, with George Minot, Reports 1st U.S. Circuit, 3 vols. Svo, 1847-52. Woodford, Gen. William, Revol. offi- cer, b. Caroline Co., Va., 1735 ; d. N.Y. City, Nov. 13, 1780. He early disting. himself m the French and Indian war. Upon the assem- bling of the Va. troops at Williamsburg, in 1775, he was app. col. of the 2d Regt. ; com. at the battle of Great Bridge, Dec. 9, 1775, and gained a signal victory. He was afterwards com. of the 1st Va. brigade ; was wounded at Brandywine ; and at the siege of Charleston was made prisoner, and taken to New York. His son John T. Woodford was a lieut.-col. in the war of 1812. Woodhouse, James, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1792), chemist, b. Phila. Nov. 17, 1770; d. there June 4, 1809. U. of Pa. 1787. In 1791 he served as a surgeon in St. Clair's army. Prof, of chenii^tvv in the U. of Pa. from 1795 to his death. of \. panion, ns on the Com- Astringents," Pocket-Com- Ii Illi>^■^l Pock- ilil.hlOffis- tic theory ',\ . ; , : i j i „ iiments 1802 ; and comnbs. to sei. journals of the day. — Thachei: Woodhouse, Samuel, capt. U.S.N., b. Pa. ; d. Chester Co., Pa., 16 July, 1843. Mid- shipman under Tru.Kton in the action with the French ship "La Vengeance," 1 Feb. 1800; lieut. 4 M.iy, 1808; com. 27 Apr. 1816 ; capt. 3 Mar. 1827. WoodhuU, Gen. Nathaniel, a Revol. patriot, b. Mastic, Sutfolk Co., L. I., Dec. 30, 1722; d. Gravesend, L. I., Sept. 20, 1776. He served in the French war of 1 755-63, and rose to be col. 3d N.Y. Re-t, uii.I.r Anilierst. In 1769-76 he was a rep in tl,. X.V i.^i^!., where he, with Schuyler, Geurui' Cliiiti.ii, and other patriots, steadily resisted tlie cnrrMacliinents of the cro^vn upon the rights and lil)ertio3 of the province. In 1776 he was pros, of the N.Y. Prov. Congress, but, on the landing of the British on L. I., put himself at the head of the militia, and, a few days after the disastrous battle of Long Island, was surprised by a party of light-horse near Jamaica : after surrendering his sword, he was cruelly hacked and cut, and died in con- sequence of his wounds. A narrative of his capture and death was pub. by H. Onderdonk, jun., Svo, 1843. His Jouraal of the Montreal 1004 -woo Exped., 1760, is pub. in the Ilist. May., Sept. 1861. Woodruff, Hiram, celeb, trainer and driver of trotting-horses, b. Flemington, N. J., 22 Feb. 1817; d. L. I., 13 Mar. 1867. He be- gan his prof, career at Phila. in 1831, and had a unique reputation for honesty and fair-deal- ing as a trainer, and remarkable skill both in driving and training horses. He was uni- versally popular. Author of " The Trotting Horse of America," edited by C. J. Foster, 8vo, 1869. Woods, Alva, D.D. (B. U. 1828), b. Shoreham. Vt. H.U. 1817. Ord. 28 Oct. 1821 . Prof, of math, and nat. philos, in Brown U. 1824-8, and also in Transylv. U. 1823-31, of which he was also pres. ; and was pres. of the U. of Ala. from 1831 until his resign. Dec. 1837. Nephew of Leonard Woods, D.D., and Bon of Rev. Abel, a Baptist minister (1790- 1850). He resides in Providence, R. I. "Au- thor of " Intell. and Moral Culture ; " " Inaug. Discourse, Lexington U.," 1828; "Introd. Lecture before the Ala. Institute," 1834; " Baccal. Address, U. of Ala.," 1835; " Vale- diet. Address," 6 Dec. 1837. — Alliliom. Woods, Andrew Sai-tku, LL.D., jurist, b. Bath, N.H., 2 June, 1803 ; d. there 20 June, 1863. D. C. 1825. He began the practice of law in 1828; was made justice in 1840; and chief justice N.H. Sup. Court in 1853. Woods, Charles R., brcv. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Licking Co., O., ab. 1830. West Point, 1852. Entering the 1st Inf., he was early in 1861 quarterm. on Gen. Patterson's statF; app. col 76th Ohio 13 Oct. 1861 ; was at the capture of Fort Donelson, Feb. 15, 1862 ; Pittsburg Landing, Apr. 7 ; com. a brigade, and joined the Army of the South-west, July 24; for gallantry at Ark. Post, May 15, wa's rccom. for promotion ; was in all the battles around Vicksburg; became brig.-gen. 4 Aug. 1863, and com. 1st brig., 1st div., ]5th corps, which he led at Lookout Mountain and Mis- sion. Ridge, Nov. 23 ; at Resaca, Dallas, Kcne- saw, Atlanta, and Jonesborough ; and in the campaign of Ga. and the Carolinas com. a div. in Ostcrhaus's (15th) corps. Brev. lieut.-col. 4 July, 1863, for capture of Vicksburg; col. 24 Nov. 1863 for Chattanooga; brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1863 for Atlanta, Ga., and Bentonville, N.C. Lieut.-col. 28 July, 1866; assigned to 5th Inf. 24 Mar. 1869.— CuUhvi. Woods, Leonard, D.D. (D.C. 1810), theologian, b. Princeton, .Ms., 19 June, 1774; d. Andover, 24 Aug. 1854. H.U. 1796. Ord. pastor of a Cong, church in W. Newbury 5 Dec. 1798. A series of able papers, contrib. by him to the Panoplist in 1805, vindicating Calvin- ism, estab. his reputation as a controversialist. Prof, of theology in Andover Theol. Sem. 1803-46. The contemporary of Buckrainster, Channing, and Ware, he was the able antago- nist of the Unitarian theology, and the cham- pion of orthodox Calvinism. Dr. Woods was one of the originators of the Amer. Board of For. Missions, the Tract Society, and the Temperance Society. Author of " Letters to Unitarians," 1820; "Reply to Dr. Ware." 1821; "Lectures on Inspiration," 1829; "Let- ters to Rev. N. W. Taylor," 1830; "Lectures on Inf. Baptism," 1829 ; " Memoirs of Amer. Missionaries," 1833 ; " Doctrine of Perfection," 1841; "Reply to Mahan," 1841 ; "Lectures on Church Govt.," 1843 ; on " Swedenborgian- ism,"1846; "Hist, of Andover Sem.," &c. His collected works were pub. in 5 vols. 1849- 50. Woods, Leonard, Jun., D.D. (H.U. 1846), LL.D. (Bowd. 1866), pres. of Bovvdoin Coll. 1839-66. Son of the preceding ; b. New- bury, Ms., 24 Nov. 1807. Union Coll. 1827. Ord. 1833; tutor at And. Theol. Sem. 1831; prof, sacred lit. Bangor Theol. Sem. 1836-9. Transl. Knapp's " Theology," 2 vols. 8vo, 1 8.33. Author of " Address on the Life and Char, of Parker Cleavcland," 1839 ; on " The Opening of the New Hall of the Med. School," 1862. He edited the early vols, of the Lit. and Theol. i?fW.,N.Y. 1834-7; contrib. to DM. Repos., &c. ; and translated from the French De Maistre's " Essay on the Generative Principle of Polit. Constitutions." In July, 1867, he visited Eu- rope to complete the documentary history of JIainc. Woodville, Richard Caton, 7enie paint- er, b. Baltimore ab. 1825; d. London, Eng., Sept. 13, 1855. St. Mary's Coll. His talent was lirst evinced by his " Interior of a Bar- Room." From Dusseldorf he sent in 1847 " The Card-Plavers," in 1848 " A Man hold- ing a Book," and in 1850 "The Game of Chess" and "The Politicians." He was in Paris in 1851-3. Among the other fruits of his brief but brilliant career are " Waiting for the Stage," and " The Sailor's Wedding." — Tucberwan. Woodward, Ashbel, M.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1829), b. Wellington, Ct., June 26, 1804. Pres. of the Ct. Med. Soc. Besides numerous con- tribs. to iheN.E. Hist. Geneal. Register and to medical journals, he lias pub. "Vindication of Gen. Putnam," 1841; " Review of UneleTom's Cabin," 1853; "Hist, of the Ct. Med. Soc.," an address, 1859; "Medical Ethics," 1860; " Early Phvslcians of Norwich," 1859 ; " Life of Gen. N. Lyon," 1862 ; " Memoir of Col. T. Knowlton," 1861; "Specialism in Medicine," 1866 ; " Hist. Adilress at the 200rh Anniv. of the Town of Franklin, Ct., 14 Oct. 1868." Woodward, Samuel Bayard, M. D., physician, b. Torriiigford, Ct., June 10, 1787; d. Northampton, Ms., Jan. 3, 1850. His fa- ther Dr. Samoel W., a physician of eminence, b. Watertown, Ct., 1750, d. Jan. 6, 1835. In 1809 Samuel B. began practice at Wethersfield; became physician to the State-prison, and was some years in the State senate. He was one of the founders of the " Retreat for the Insane," at Hartford ; and from 1832, until his removal to Northampton in 1846, was supt. of the State Lunatic Hospital at Worcester. He was the projector of an asvlum for inebriates, and also of the Ms. School for Idiotic Youth. He pub. " Hints to the Young," and an essay on the " Fruits of New England." Woodworth, John, jurist, b. Schodack, N.Y., 12 Nov. 1768; d. Albany 1 June, 1858. Y.C. 1788. He studied law with John Lan- sing, jun., at Albany; adm. to the bar in 1791; began practice in Troy ; and in 1806 removed ti. IS] ■woo 1005 to Albany. Surro;;ate of Rons. Co. 1793- 1804; member of the Assembly 1803, of the neiiate 1804-7; atty.-gen. of N. Y. 1804-S; jml-e N.Y. Sup. Court 1819-28. Aiiihor of " Keminiseences of Troy 1790-1807." With W. \V. Van Ness, app. to revise the laws of N.Y. 1811-13. — ArecCs Council of Revision, New York. Woodworth, Samuel, poet, b. Scituatc, Ms., Jan. 13, 1785 ; d. New York, Dec. 9, 1842. Youngest son of a farmer and llevol. soldier. He hail few educational advantages, and was apprenticed to Benjamin Uussell of the Cenli- nel, Boston. In 1807 he removed to New Ha- ven, where he commenced a weekly paper, the Belles-Letlres Repository, discontinued after the second month. He removed to New York in 1809; m. in 1810; and during the war of 1812 conducted a weekly paper ( The War) and a monthly Swedenborgian mag. {The Ifalci/an Lnniiniirif and Theol. Repositori/], both unsuc- cessfully ; in 1816 he wrote a history of the late war, in the style of a romance, entitled " The Champions of Freedom." A small vol. of his poems was pub. in N.Y. in 1818, and another in 1825. Was one of the founders of the iV; }'. .Ui/Tor in 182.3, in conjunction with Cjeorge P. Morris; withdrew from it in 1824; and in 1827 edited the Parthenon. He was a frequent contrib. of verses to the newspapers; wrote some popular songs on the victories of the war of 1812-14, and some dramatic pieces, mostly operatic, — one of which, " The Forest Rose," still keeps pos.session of the stage. "The Old Oaken Bucket" is by far the best of his numerous lyrics. His collected poems were pub., with a Memoir by Geo. P. Morris, in 1861, 2 vols. l8mo. — Dai/c/cinck. Wool, Gen. Jous Ellis, b. Newburg, N.Y., 1783 ; d. Troy, N.Y., Nov. 10, 1869. Son of a Ucvol. soldier. He received little education, but before he was 21 became proprietor of a bookstore in Troy. Losing his jiroperty by fire, he studied law, but, through the friendship of Gov. De Witt Clinton, was app. capt. I3th Inf. Apr. 14, 1812. He raised a company in Troy; was disting. and severely wounded at Qucenstown Heights, Oct. 13 ; was promoted to major 29ih Inf., and was brev. lieut.-col. for (jallantry at the battles of Plattsbnrg, Sept. 6- 11, 1314; insp.-gen. Sept. 29, 1816; lieut.-col. Feb. 10, 1818; brev. brig.-gen. Apr. 29, 1826; brig.-gcn. June 25, 1841. In 1832 the govt, sent him to Europe to examine the military systems of some of the principal nation-, and he witnessed the siege of Antwerp; in 1836 he was employed in removing the Cherokee In- dians to Arkansas. May 30, 1846, he was .sent to the West to organize vols, for the Mexican ■war, and in less than 6 weeks despatched to the seat of war 12,030 fully armed and equipped. Collecting 3,000 men) he reached Saliillo, after a march of 900 miles, without loss, pre- serving the most admirable discipline. He selected the ground for the battle of Buena Vista (Feb. 23, 1847), made the preliminary dispositions, and com. in the earlv part of the action until the arrival of Gen. Taylor. For his conduct on this occasion. Wool was brev. maj.-gen. May, 1848. In Jan. 1854 he received the thanks of Congress, and the present of a sword, for Iiis services in Mexico. A valuable sword was also prcsenteil him by the N. Y. legisl.; in 1856 he put an end to the Inrlian disturbances in Washington and Oregon Terri- tories in a campaign of 3 months, and was recalled to the dept. of the East. Soon after the attack on Fort Sumter, he went to N.Y., and, by timely re-enforcements, saved Fortress Monroe from seizure by the Confederates. In Aug. he was sent to that post iis com. of the dept. of Va., and led the exped. which occu- pied Norfolk, Mav 10, 1862. Made maj.-gen. May 16, 1862 Pla-ed at the head of the 8ih ariiiy corps, Sept. 16, 1862. Gen. Wool was a rigid disciplinarian, and had no superior as an organizer of troops. Woolman, Jobs, Quaker preacher and author, b. Northampton, West Jersey, Aug. 1720; d. Y'ork, Eng., Oct. 7, 1772. "Charles Lamb, in one of the Essays of Elia, says, " Get the writings of John Woolman by heart, and love the earlv Quakers." These writings in- clude " The Journal of his Life and Travels in the Service of the Gospel ; " " Some Con- siderations on the Keeping of Negroes" (1753); " Considerations on Pure Wisdom and Human Policy, on Labor, on Schools, and on the RightU.se of the Lord'sOutward Gifts" (1768); iind " Considerations on the True Harmony of Mankind " (1770). He worked on a farm till his 2Ist year, when he became clerk to a shopkeeper .it Mount Holly. He at various times opened a school for poor children at Mt. Holly, and was disting. for purity and benero- lence. He afterward became a tailor; and, feeling **a concern to visit Friends in some of the back settlements of Va.," he started on a tour with Isaac Andrews, March 12, 1746, and was so well pleased with his journey, that he afterward adopted itinerancy as a regular pur- suit. He spoke and wrote frequently on the subject of slavery, desiring its extinction in all parts of the country. In June, 1763, he paid a visit to the Indians on the east branch of the Susquehanna; in 1772, after a long and debilitating sickness, he went to England, where, previous to his deatli, he attended a few meetings of his sect. His Journal was rcpub. by John G. Whittier in 1871. Woolsey, Mei.-\nctiios B., commodoi'c U.S.N., b. New York, Aug. 11, 1817. Mid- shipm. Dec. 24, 1832; lieut. July 16, 1847; com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866 ; com- mo. 1871. While comg. steamer "Ellen" of the S. Atlantic squad., he took part in the en- gagement at the Waiipcr Creek battery, May 30,''1862; at Secession^ I'l '■, - 1,, ,T,ii,. 1 I -■•1 ■ and co-operated witli i n: i i ^ ,. ;it to carry James-Islam! ! ; ■ n J ! ' 3. Engaged in stiaur ) ■ 1'; ii''-- K'..;! of W. Gulf squad, (.lune -J-^. I so;!) mi (inniee of Donaldsonville .and Ft. Butler against 3,000 Confeds. under Green .and Taylor, who were repulsed with a loss of 1,500. — " llainer.ili/. Woolsey, Melasctho^j Taylor, capt. U.S.N., b. N.Y. 1782; d. Utica, May 18, 1838. Son of Gen. M. Lloyd Woolsey, a Revol. offi- cer, who died Trenton, N.Y.. 29 June, 1819. After studying law, young Woolsey, April 9, 1800, entered the navy as a midshipm.; served in the W. Indies and Mediterranean; was made 1006 lieut. Feb. 4, 1807 ; in ISOS ho was sent to the Lakes to superintend the construction of the armaments on those inland seas. During the war of 1812, he served with credit under Chauncey. July 24, 1813, he was made mast, com. ; capt. 27 Apr. 1816. In 1825-6 he com. the fri,'ato " Constellation," attached to thcW. India 'squadron ; in 1826-7 had charge of the Pen-sacola navy-yard; and performed his last service on the coast of Brazil. Woolsey, Theodore Dwight, D.D. (H.U. 1347), LL.D. (Wesl. U. 1845), scholar, pres. of Y.C. 1846-71, b. N. Y. City 31 Oct. 1801. y.C. 1820; tutor there 1823-5. Pres. Dwight was his maternal uncle. He studied at the Princeton Theol. Sem. ; was licensed to preach ; afterwards spent 3 years in Europe, studying the Greek language and literature in Germany, and was prof, of that branch at Yale in 1831-51 ; vice-pres. of the Oriental See, and a regent of the Smiths. Inst. He has pub. edi- tions of the " Prometheus " of iEschylus, the " Antigone " and " Electra " of Sophocles, the " Alcestes " of Euripides, and the " Gorgias " of Plato. Author of inauguration discourse in 1846 on " College Education; " an hist, dis- course at Yale, 1850; commemorative of President Day, Nov. 1867 ; Introd. to the Study of International Law, 1860; and essay on " Divorce and Divorce Legislation," 12rao, 1869. A frequent contrib. to the New-Eng- landrr and other periodicals. Wooster, Gen. David, Revol. officer, b. Stratford, Ct., 2 Mar. 1710; d. Danbury, Ct., 2 May, 1777. Y.C. 1738. He was made capt. of an armed vessel to protect the coast in 1 739 ; in the expcd. against Louisburg in 1745 lie com. the sloop-of-war " Connecticut," which conveyed the troops ; was sent in com. of the cartel ship to Europe, but was not permitted to land in France. In England ho was a favorite, was presented at court, and was made a capt. in Pepperrell's regt., receiving half-pay until 1774. App. col. 3d Ct. Regt. in 1755 ; became a brig.-gen., and was in service in 1758-60. He was one of the originators of the exped. which captured Ticonderoga in Apr. 1775, and a member of the Ct. Assembly ; was made brig.- gen. in the Cont. army 22 June, 1775, and served in Canada, holding, for a time, the cliief com. after the death of Montgomery. Resign- ing soon after, he was made maj.-gen. of the State militia, and, while opposing a force of the enemy under Tryon sent to destroy the public stores at Danbury, was mortally wounded 27 Apr. 1777, and died a few days later. In 1740 he m. the dan. of Pres. Thomas Clapp of Yale College. His grandson, an adm. in the Chilian navy, formerly of N.Y. City, and extensively engaged in privateering in the war of 1812-15, d. Monterey, Cal., in the autumn of 1848. Worcester, Joseph Emerson, LL.D. (B.U. 1847; D.C. 1856), lexicographer, b. Bedford, N.H., Aug. 24, 1784; d. Cambridge, Ms., Oct. 27, 1865. Y.C. 1811. His greats grandfather Rev. Francis went to HoUis, N.H., in 1750; pub. in Boston in 1760 a series of meditations in verse; d. 1783, a. 85. Joseph's early education was in Hoi lis, at Phillips Acad., and Andover. While teacliinc; .school at Salem, he wrote his " Geographical Dictionary, or Uni- versal Gazcteer," 2 vols., Andover, 1817. His " Gazeteer of the U. S." appeared in 1818. Removing to Cambridge, he \m.'b. in 1819 "Ele- ments of Geography ; " " Epitome of Geogra- ?hy," 1820; "Sketches of the Earth and its nhabitants," 2 vols. 1823; "Elements of His- torv," 18.32; " Epitome of History," 1827 ; and "Outlines of Scripture Geography," 1826-3. He pub. an edition of Todd's "Johnson and Walker" in 1827, and prepared an abridgment of Webster's " American Dictionary " in 1 828. His " Pronouncing and Explanatory Diction- ary " appeared in 18.30. From Nov. 1830 to Sept. 1831 he was in Europe, engaged in philological studies. His " Universal and Crit- ical Dictionary of the English Language," pub. in 1846, was afterward reprinted in Lon- don without his consent. In 1855 he pub. a " Pronouncing and Synonymous Dictionary ; " and in 1860 he pub. 'his great "Dictionary of the English Language," 4to, Boston. Dr. W. also pub. a "Spelling-Book of the English Language; "" Remarks on Longevity," &c. ; and w.\s literary editor of the Amerkan Alma- nac in 1831-43. He was a fellow of the Acad, of Sciences ; a corresp. member of the Royal Geog. Society, Lond. ; and a member of other learned bodies. Worcester, Noah, D.D. (H.U. 1818), clergyman, founder of the Ms. Peace Society, b. Hollis, N.H., 25 Nov. 1758; d. Bri;;hton, Ms., 31 Oct. 1837. Descended from William, first minister of Salisbury, Ms. He had a common-school education. Served 3 campaigns in the Revol. army, being a fifer at Bunker's Hill, and a soldier at Bennington ; afterward taught school at Plymouth, N.H. ; removed to Thornton, N.H., and was a member of the legisl. Having in 1785 pub. a " Letter to Rev. John Murray "on his sermon on the Origin of Evil, he turned his attention to theology, and was ord. pastor at Thornton in 1787, making up the deficiency of his salary (S200) by fanning and shoemaking. In 1802 he was employed by the N.H. Missionary Soc. lu Feb. 1810 he removed to Salisbury, N.H. ; in 1813 to Brighton, Ms. Edited the Christian Disciple in 1813-19, and the Friend of Peace 1819-29. Ho pub. in 1815 "A Solemn Re- view of the Custom of War;" founded the Peace Society in Jan. 1816, and was app. sec. The Hopkinsian Assoc., of which he was a member, formally condemned his book, " Bible News ; " and in Nov. 1810 he pub. his adilres.? on the Trinity. He also pub. " Friend of Youth," &c., 1823; "The Atoning Sacrifice," 1829; "Causes and Evils of Contention among Christians," 1831; "Last Thoughts on Important Subjects," 1833 ; besides many pamphlets, sermons, and treatises. — .See Me- moirs III/ H. Warejun., 1844; and Tribute bu Win. E. Channing, D.D., 1837. Worcester, Samuel, D.D., clergyman, bro. of Noah, b. Hollis, N.H., Nov. I,"l770; d. Brainerd, Tenn., June 7, 1821. Dartm. Coll. 1795. Pastor of the church in Fitch- burg, Ms., 1797-1802, and of the Tabernacle Church, Salem, from 1803 till his d. ; corresp. sec. of the Board of Foreign Missions in 1810. He pnh. 3 orations ; 6 sermons on Future Pun- i.shincnt (1800) ; 3 letters to Dr. Channing on WOR 1007 Unitarianism, 1815 ; Watts's entire and select hymns, 1818; and occasional sermons, reports, reviews, essays, &e. A vol. of his sermons ap- peared in 1823. His son Samuel Mel.\xc- THOJi, D.D. (Amh. 1847), b. Fitchbur^', Sept. 4, 1801, d. Boston, An?. IG, 1866. II.U. 1822. Some years prof, of rhetoric and oratory in Amh. Coll., and then pastor of the Talicr- nacle Church, Salem. He pub. " Life and La- bors of Rev. Samuel Worcester," 2 vols. 12mo, 1852; "Essays on Slavery by Viy;or- nius,"1826; "Memorial of the Tabernacle, Salem," 1855. Worden, John Lorimer, commo. TJ.S.N., b. Mt. Pleasant, Westchester Co., N.Y., Mar. 12, 1817. Midshipm. Jan. 12, 1835 ; licut. Nov. 30, 184G; com. July 12, 1362; capt. Feb. 3, 18G3; com. May 27, 1863. Sent with de- spatches to Fort Pickens in Apr. 1861, ho was arrested while returning, and kept in prison 7 months. He com. the iron-clad " Monitor " in her famous engagement with the iron-clad "Merrimack," in Hampton Roads, Mar. 9, 1862. The latter, partially di-ablcd, retreated to Sow- ell's Point. Capt. W.'s eyes were severely injured by the explosion of a shell from " The Merrimack," upon the eye-hole of the pilot- house. In com. of the iron-clad " Montauk," of the S.A.B. squad, he engaged Fort Mac- Allister, Jan. 27, 1863, and Fob. 1, 1863; at- tacked and destroyed the privateer "Nashville," under the guns of that fort. Fob. 23, 1 863 ; and was in the attack of Charleston, under Dupont, Apr. 7, 1863. Superint. U. S. Naval Acad, since 1 Dec. 1869. — llamersli/. Wormeley, Mary Elizabeth (now Mrs. Latimer), novelist, b. London, 26 July, 1822 ;. has resided many ^ears in Newport, R.I. Her father, Kear-Adimral Ralph Randolph W. (b. Va. 29 Oct. 1785, d. Utica, N.Y., 26 June, 1852), was grandson, on the mother's side, of Atty.-Gon. John Randolph, a lovaUst. Oct. 3, 1820, he m. Caroline Preble of Boston. Miss W. pub. " Forest Hill," 3 vols. Lond., IS-IG ; "Annabel, a Family History," N.Y., 1353; "Our Cousin Veronica," N.Y., 1856; and has contrib. to raag.azincs. She was subsequently m. to Randolph Latimer of Baltimore. Her sister Katuerixe Prescott (b. 14 Jan. 1830) was during the civil war one of the most en- thusiastic supporters of the Sanitary Commis- sion. In 1862-3 she was supt. of the woman's dept. of the Lowell General Hospital at Ports- mouth Grove, Rhode Island. — Preble Fami/i/. Worth, Jonathan, gov. of N.C. 1865-8; d. Raleigh, N.C, Sept. 5, 1869, a. ab. 72. Member of the N.C. legisl. in 1829-34, and in 1831, during the nullification excitement, de- nounced it in the strongest terms. He opposed the secession movement vigorously, and, during the war, was a strong Unionist. Worth, Gen. William Jenkins, b. Hud- son, N.Y., 1 Mar. 1794 ; d. San Antonio, Tex., 7 May, 1849. With a plain education, he be- gan life a trader's clerk in Hudson. A pp. 19 May, 1813, liout. 23d U. S. Inf., he highly disting. himself at Chippewa and at Niagara (25 July, 1814), where he was severely wound- ed; was com. of cadets at West Point 1S20-8; maj. ordnance corps 30 May, 1832 ; col. 8th Inf. 7 July, 1838; served in the war against the Seminole Indians 1 840-2 ; com. the army in Fla. May, 1841, to Aug. 1842, and engaged in attack of Halleck Tustenuggee's band at Pilaklikaha, 19 Apr. 1842; brcv. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 1 Mar. 1842 for gallantry and high- ly disting. services in Fla. war ; com. brigado 1846-7, and division 1847-3, in the war with Mexico, and engaged in the capture of Monte- rey and Vera truz, battles of Cerro Gordo, Churubusco, Molino del Rey, Chapultepec, and assault and capture of city of Mexico, 13-14 Sept. 1847; and, 23 Sept. 1846, brov. maj. -gen. for Monterey, and presented with a sword of honor by Congress, also by the States of N.Y. and La., and by his native county, Columbia. A fine monument has been erected to his mem- ory by the city of N.Y. at the junction of Broadway and Fifth Avenue. Brave, chival- rous, and a good tactician, his manners wera popular, and h^ presence imposing. Worthington, Erastus, lawyer and poli- tician, b. Belchertown, Ms., Oct. 8, 1779; d. Dedham, June 27, 1842; Wms. Coll. 1804. He practised law at Dedham in 1809-25, and was a member of the Gen. Court 1814-15. Ha pub. an Oration at Dedham, July 4, 1809; " History of Dedham 1635-1827," 8vo, 1827. Worthington, Thomas, gov. of Oliio 1814-18, b. near Charleston, Va., July 16, 1773; d. N. Y. City 20 June, 1827. He re- coived a good education, but was a common sailor in 1 790-3 ; removed to the N.W. Terr, in 1793 ; was a member from Ross County of the Terr, legisl. in 1799-1801, of the Const. Conv. of 1802; was U. S. senator in 1803-7 and 1810-14, and canal comraiss. 1822-7. — A. T. Goodman, Wragg, William, a talented and eloquent lawyer of S.C, b. 1714; d. Sept. 1777. Of Huguenot descent. Educated in Eng. ; many years a member of the S.C. Assembly, and in 1753 of the council. In 1769 he declined the ollice of chief justice. His sense of duty pro- vented liis espousing the cause of independence. Embarking for Eng., ho was shipwrecked and lost on the coast of Holland : his infant son was saved. A monument in Westminster Ab- bey depicts this event. He pub. " Reasons for not coucuiTing in the Non-Importation Reso- lution," 1769. Wrangel, Von (fon vrang'-gel), Ferdi- nand Petuovitch, baron, a Russian admiral and navigator of Swedish extraction, b. Es- thonia, 1 795. Apj). in 1 820 com. of an exploring exped. to the Arctic Sea, he travelled on the ice in sledges as far north as 72° 2'. In 1 829 he be- came gov. of the Russian Possessions in Ameri- ca, and in 1847 vice-admiral ; in 1849 he retired from service, and has since been director of the trading eo. in the Russian Possessions. Au- thor of "Journey from Sitka to St. Petersburg," 1836 ; " Statistical and Ethnographical Notices on the Russian Possessions in America," 1 839; and " Journey on the Northern Coasts of Si- beria and the Icy Sea," 1841. Wright, Elizur, author and journalist, b. South Canaan, Ct., Feb. 12, 1804. Y.C. 1826. Elizur his father d. Talmadge, 0., 1845, a. 83. He lived on a farm in Ohio in 1 810-22, and, after leaving college, taught in the Lawi-ence Acad., Groton, two years. In 1829-33 he was 1008 prof, of mathematic.5 anil nat. jihilos. in W. Res. Coll., Hudson, O. In 1833 he became sec. of the Aincr. Antislavery Society in N.Y., editing Human R^ijIUs 1834-5, anl the Qaar- lerli/ Aniislaven/ iltvj., until his removal to Boston in 1833; in Apr. 1839 ho bc;camo edi- tor of the Ms. AM.'tionist. In 184G he estab- lished the Chmnoi'/pe newspaper, and was for some time editor of the Commonwealth, into wlilch it was merged in 1850. Ins. comraiss. of Mi. 1858-66. He has pub. a translation in verse of La. Fontaine's " Fables,'' 2 vols. 8vo, Lond. 1843; 1vol. 8vo, Boston, 1846; "A Cariosity of Law," &c., 18G6. Antislavery pamphlets, articles in Atlantic Monthli/, &c. Wri-^ht, Fkakces (D'Arusmost), reform- er, b. Dundee, Scotland, Sept. 6, 1795; d. Cin- cinnati, Dec. 14, 1S52. The intimacy of her father with Adam Smith, Dr. CuUen, and oth- er eminent literary and scientific men of his day, was probably the cause of her becoming a propagandist of social and political novelties. At the age of 13 she wrote "A Few Days in Athens," in which she defended the opinions and character of Epicurus. In 1818-21 she visited America, and pub. " Views on Socie- ty and Manners in America." She afterwards visited Paris on the invitation of Lafayette. After her return to America in 1 325, she pur- chased 2,000 acres of land in Tenn. (subse- quently the sitj of Memphis), and peopled it with a number of slave families whom she had redeemed, but who were subsequently removed to Hayti. In 1833-6 she lectured publicly on slavery and other social topics, with s^reat suc- cess, in all the principal cities of the Union, in- cun-ing, however, the hostility of the press and the clergy by the freedom with which she spoke of matters both of Church and State. She then joined Robert Owen at New Harmony, editing the Gazette, and lectming in behalf of the en- terprise, but with small success. About 1 833, while on another visit to France, she ra. M. D'Arusmont, from whom she soon separated, subsequently residing in America with an only dau., the fruit of h r marriage. She was an eccentric and daring woman, and full of be- nevolent enthusiasm. Her other publications were " Altorf," a tragedy, 1819 ; "Lectures on Free Inquiry, Religion, Morals, Opinions," &c., 1 836. Her biography was pub. by John Windt, 1844; and by Amos Gilbert, 8vo, Cin. 1855. Wright, Gen. George, b. Vt. 1803; drowned 30 July, 1 865, in the wreck of steamer "Brother Jonathan." West Point (lieut. 3d Inf.), 1822. Adj. Jan. 1831-6; capt. 30 Oct. 1836 ; brev. maj. tor meritorious conduct in the Florida war March 15, 1842; brev. lieu t.-col. for gallantry at Contrcras and ChurubiLsco 20 Aug. 1847 ; com. the storming-party and brev. col. for gallantry at Molino dal Rey 8 Sept. 1847, in which he was wounded; maj. 4th Inf. Jan 1, 1848; col. 9th Inf. Mar. 3, 1855; greatly disting. in campaigns against the Indians of Wash. Terr. Mar. 1856 and Sept. 1853; brig.- gen. of vols. Sept. 28, 1 861 ; and com. the dept. of the Pacific, Oct. 1861 to July, 1864, and the district of California 1864-5. Wright, Henrt C, lecturer on antislavery, socialism, and spiritualism, b. 29 Aug. 1797; d. Pawtueket, R.I., Aug. 16, 1870. Author of " Marriage and Parentage," 12mo, 1855; " Manki'.ling by Nations and Individuals Wrong," 1841 ; "A Kiss for a Blow," 1843 ; " Defensive War a Denial of Christianity," 1346; "Human Life Illustrated," 1849; "An- thropology, or the Science of Man," 1850 ; "The Living Present and the Dead Past," 1865. App. 2d lieut. of engrs. ; assist, prof of cng. at West Point, Jan. 1842-July, 1844; 1st lieut. 23 Feb. 1848 ; capt. 1 July, 1355 ; maj. 6 Aug. 1861 ; liout.-col. 23 Nov. 1865 ; brig.-gen. vols. 14 Sept. 1861 ; maj.-gen. 18 July, 1362. Chief enginrerof lleintselman's div. at Bull Run, 21 July, 1861 ; com. 2d brigade in the Port-Royal expcd. ; com. the exped. (27 Feb. 1862) that captured Fcrnandina, Fla. ; com. a division in the attack on Secessionville, S.C, 16 June, 1 862 ; assigned to com. the dept. of the Ohio 18 July, 1862; com. a division. Army of ths Potomac, in passage of the Rappahannock and at Gettysburg; com. 6th corps at Rappahan- nock Station 7 Nov. 1863, and brev. lieut.- col. ; com. 6th corps in Richmond campaign, and wounded at Spottsylvania, and brev. col. 1 2 May, 1 864 ; engaged in defence of the capi- tal in July, and in the Shenandoah campaign Aug.-Dec. 1864, and wounded at Cedar Creek ; and finally at the siege of Petersburg, and operations ending in Lee's surrender. Brev. lirig.-gcn. and maj.-gen. 13 March, 1865, for Cold Harbor and capture of Petersburg. — Wright, Sir James, last royal gov. of Ga., b. Charleston, S.C; d. Eng. 1786. His father Robert was chief justice of S.C. at his decease. The son practised law in Charleston, and was afterward agent of the Province of S.C. in Great Britain, and atty.-gen. May 13, 1 760, he was app. chief justice and lieut.-gov. ; in 1 764 he received the appointment of gov. ; and Dec. 8, 1772, was created a baronet. His long administration was disting. by wisdom and prudence; and the Colony flourished. He wa-s, however, avaricious, and devoted to the wishes of the king. At the commencement of the Revol. a contest was kept up by him and the popular leaders until Jan. 1776, when ho was imprisoned, but soon afterwards escaped. He returned in July, 1779, and resumed the govt. ; but the royal authority soon ceased, the large estates acquired by him in Ga. were con- fiscated, and Sir James retired to England. His son James succeeded to the baronetcy, and d. in 1 8 1 6. He served with the Ga. Royalists at the siege of Savannah. Wright, John C, jurist, b. 1783; d. Wash- ington, D.C., Feb. 13, 1861, while a delegate to the Peace Convention. He settled early at Stcu- benville, O. ; soon attained eminence at the bar ; was many years on the supreme bench ; M.C. 1 82.3-9 ; and was long editor and owner of the Cincinnati Ga:ett'. His reported decisions are in high repute in the West. He pub. Sup. Court Reports, Ohio, 1831-4, 8vo, 1835. — Lanman. Wright, Joseph, portrait-painter, b. Bor- dentown, N.J., 1756; d. Phila 1793 of yellow- fever. Patience Wright, his mother, excelled ^WRl 1009 in modelling wax miniature-heads. The fami- ly went to Eng. in 1772. Here the young ar- tist painted the Prinee of Wales; afterward pursued his studies in Paris under the care of Dr. Franklin ; and on his return narrowly escaped with his hfe from shipwreck. In the autumu of 1783 he painted a three-quarter- length portrait of Washington; afterwards painted anotlier for the Count de Solms ; and, still later, a miniaturo-profilo from life. App. by Washington first draughtsman and die- smkor in the U.S. mint. The first coins and medals of the U.S. were his handiwork. — Tucktrman. Wright, Joseph A., statesman, b. Pa. 17 April, 1810; d. Berlin, Prus.-ia, May U, 1867. Ilis educational advantages were limited. Early in life he settled in lad. ; came to the bar in 1329; soon rose in the profession ; in 1833 be- came a member of the State legisl. ; State sen- ator in li40; M.C. 1843-5; gov. of Indiana 1o40-j7; minister to Prussia'l 857-61 ; U.S. senator in 1861-2; U.S. commiss. to the Ilam- burij Exuiliiiion in 1863; and a second time minisrcr to Prussia, from 1865 until his death. Wright, Nathaniel H., poet, b. Concord, Ms., 1787; d. Boston, May 13, 1824. Edu- cated as a printer in Boston, where he edited the Kaleidoscope. Pub. " Fall of Palmyra," a poem; and "Boston," or a touch at the times, a small pamphlet. Wright, Robert, gov. of Md. in 1805-9, b. Kent Co., Md.; d. Sept. 7, 1826. U.S. sen- ator 1301-6; at one time a member of the exec, council ; and was M.C. in 1810-17 and 1821-3. Wright, Robert E., counseUor-at-law, b. Allentown, Pa., 1810. Author of "Law of Aldermen and Justices," 1839; "Law of Con- stables," 1840; "Pa. Digest, 1836^1," 8vo, 1842; Pa. Sup. Ct. Reports, 1860-5, 8vo, 14 vols. ; essays on Constitutional Reform, an Elective Judiciary, Relbrm in our Postal Po- litical System, &c. — AUibone. Wright, Silas, statesman, b. Amherst, M^., May 24, 179.T ; d. Canton, N.Y., Aug. 27, 1847. Mid. Coil. 1815. Adm. to tlie bar in 1819, he established himself as an attorney at Canton. In 1820 ho was app. surrogate of the county. In 1823 he bccaine a member of the State senate, and an opponent of De Witt Clin- ton; M.C. in 1827-9, voted for the protective tariff of 1828, and for an inquiry into the ex- )icdlency of abolishing slaverv in the Dist. of l.'ol. ; comptroller of N.Y. 1829-33 ; U.S. sen- ator 1833^4, supported Mr. Clay's compromise bill in 1833, defended Pres. Jackson's removal of the deposits, opposed the reeharter of the U.S. Bank, voted against receiving a petition for abolishing slavery in the Dist. of Col., voted for the tariff of 1842 and for the an- nexation of Texas. He refused to be made a justice of the U.S. Sup. Court, and in 1844 declined the nomination to the vice-presidency. In 1844 he was chosen gov. of N.Y. ; in 1845 lie declined the office of sec. of the treasury. On leaving the gov.'s chair, Mr. Wri^rht re- turned to his little farm of 30 acres at Canton, whose cultivation with his own hands had al- ways been a favorite pursuit. He was a man of clear and powerful mind, and thoroughly informed upon public affairs. — See hin Life and Times hi) Jahez U. Ilammond, 8vo, 1848. Wright, William, senator, b. Clarkstown, N.Y., 1794: d. Newark, N.J., Nov. 1, 1866. The death of his father, Dr. William Wright, compelled him to abandon the design of a col- lege education ; and he learned the trade of harness-making, in which be eventually made a large fortune, having in 1821 established him- self in Newark. He was a volunteer for the defence of Stonington, Ct., in the war of 1812; was mayor of Newark in 1 840-3 ; was a warm political friend of Henry Clay; M.C. in 1843- 7 ; changed his politics in 1851 ; wasaDemoc. U.S. senator in 1853-9, and re-elected in 1863; and was chairman of the committee on manu- factures. Wyatt, Sir Francis, gov. of Va. 1621- 6 and 1639-41 ; d. Bexley, Kent, Eng., 1644. Son of George, who d. in Ireland 1625. Dur- ing his administration, the Indians beiian (-2 Mar. 1622) to e.xecute a plot to exterminate the English, which was followed by a sangui- nary war; and the first courts were estab- lished in the Colony. Wylie, Andrew, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1825), educator, b. Washington Co., Pa., Apr. 12, 1789;- d. Bloomington, Ind., Nov. U, 1851. Jelf. Coll. 1810. In 1812 he was licensed as a Prcsb. preacher; was pres. of Jeff. Coll. in 1812-16. In 1817 he became pres. of Wash- ington CoB., taking charge at the same time of a cong. 7 miles distant ; and from 1828 to his death was pres. of thceoll. at Bloomington ; in Dec. 1841 lie took orders in the Epis. Church. He pub. " English Grammar," 1822 ; " Sec- tarianism is Heresy," 1840; " Eulogy on La- fiiyette," 1834 ; and addresses and sermons. "Wylie, Samuel Brown, D.D. (Dick. Coll. 1817), 51 years pastor of the First Ref Church, Phila.; d. there 14 Oct. 1852; b. near Ballymena, Ireland, 21 May, 1773. U. of Glasg. 1797. Came to Phila. in 1797 ; prof in Theol. Sera, of R. P. Church 1809-51; prof, of ancient languages in the U. of Pa. 1828-45, and an eminent Oriental and classical scholar ; vice-provost of the U. Pa. 1838^5. Author of " The Faithful Witness," 1804 ; Covenant- ing, 1803; "Greek Grammar," 1838 ; "Life of Rev. Alexander McLeod, D.D.," 8vo, 1855. Co-editor Presbi/terian Mag. 1821-2; contrib. to periodicals. Wylie, Theodore W. J., D.D. (U. of N.Y. 1859), son of S.B.,h. Phila. 1818. U. of Pa. 1836. Assoc, pastor 1st Ref Presb. Church 1843-52, and pastor since that date; prof. Theol. Sem. Ref. Pr. Church 1847-51, 1854-7, 1859-69. Author of English, Latin, and Greek Vocab., 1839 ; " The God of Our Fathers," 1854; " Washington a Christian," 1862. Edi- tor Jiiy. Missionari/ Intellig., 1835-7 ; Missionari/ Admcale, 1838-41 ; Banner of the Covenant, 1845-55. —AUibone. Wyllys, George, of Fenny Compton, Co. VVarwick, came to Hartford in 1638 ; was an assist, in 1639; dcp.-guv. 1641; gov. 1642; d. 9 Mar. 1645. His son Samuel (b. 1632; (1. 30 May, 1709; H.U. 1653) was an assist. 1654-84. ' IIezekiaii, son of Samuel, sec. of tlie Colony of Ct. 1712-34, d. 24 Dec. 1741. George, son of Hez, (b. 6 Oct. 1710; d. 24 1010 YAIj Apr. 1796; Y.C. 1729), succeeded his father as sec. (1734-95). Wyllys, Ges. Samoel, RcvoI. patriot, b. Hanforil, Jan. 15, 1739 ; d. there June 9, 1823. Y.C. 1758. Son of Sec. Geor-e. In 1775 he was lieut.-col. of Spencer's rej;t. ; was col. of a regt. at the siege of Boston ; app. col. in the Cont. line in Jan. 1776, serving with repute throughout the war. Ho aftenvaril became maj.-gen. of militia; member of the Ct. Acad, of Arts and Sciences; and succeeded his father and grandfather as sec. of State, which post he resigned in 1809. The 3 held this office 98 years in succession. Wsrman, Jeffries, M.D., anatomist, b. Chelmstord, Ms., Aug. II, 1814. II.U. 1833 ; Harv. Med. Coll. 1837. During a two-years' visit to Europe, he studied medicine in the hos- pitals of Paris, and nat. history in the Jardln des Planles. In 1843-7 he filled the chair of anatomy in Hamp. Sid. Coll., Va. ; and has sincebecnHersey prof of anatomy in H.U., and prof of comp. anatomy in the Lawrence Scient. School. He has pub. " Twelve Lectures on Comparative Physiology," delivered before the Lowell Inst., Boston, 1849; also various articles in the Jour, of Science, " Smithsonian Contribs. to Knowledge," Boston Jour, of Nat. Hist., and the " Proceedings of the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist.," of which association he has been pies. since 1856. Wynne, J.*.mes, M.D. (U. of N.Y. 1835), LL.D., b. Utica, N.Y., 1814. A lineal de- scendant of Sir John of Gwydyr. He prac- tised medicine at Baltimore, and afterward in N.Y. Author of " Memoir of Major Samuel Ringgold," 1847 ; " Lives of Eminent Literary and Scient. Men of America," 1850; "Vital Statistics of the U.S.," 1857 ; " Importance of the Study of Legal Medicine," 1 859 ; " Private Libraries of New York ; " " Report on the Asiatic Cholera in the U.S.," 1849, prep, for the British govt., which in 1858 rewarded him with a gold medal ; reports, med. papers, &.c. — AUilioiie. Wynne, John Hpddlestone, author, b. S. Wales 1743; d. St. Thomas's Hospital, Lond., Oct. 1788. Author of a " General His- tory of the British Empire in America," 2 vols. 8vo, 1770; " History of Ireland," 1773; "Fa- bles of Flowers," &c. Wynn, Gex. Richard, b. Va. ; d. Tenn. soon after 1813. Entering the service early, he was in 1 775 lieut. of S. C. Rangers ; served in the battle on Sullivan's Island ; was in com. of Fort Mcintosh, Ga. ; was subsequently pro- moted to coL, and com. the militia of Fairheld dist., S. C- ; was with Sumter at Hanging Rock, where he was wounded ; was active dur- ing the remainder of the war ; and at its close was app. a brig., and finally a maj.-gen. of militia. M.C. 1793-7 and 1802-13. Wjnin, Gen. Thomas, Revol. officer, b. Hartford Co., NX.; d. there 3 June, 1825. A planter :by occupation. He served many years in the State legisl., was a member of the exec, council, gen. of militia, and M.C. 1803-7. Wythe, George, statesman and jurist, and a signer of the Dccl. of Indep,, b. Elizabeth City, Va., 1726; d. Richmond, June 8, 1806. Wm. and Mary Coll. Educated chiefly under the supervision of his mother, — a woman of uncommon knowledge, and strength of mind. The death of both parents before he was 21, and the uncontrolled possession of a large for- tune, led him for some time into a career of ex- travagance and dissipation. At the age of 30, however, his conduct underwent an entire change : he gave his assiduous attention to the study of law; was adm. to the bar in 1757, where his learning, industry, and eloquence made him eminent. As early as 1758, and for several years previous to the Revol., he was a prominent member of the house of burgesses as the representative of Wm. and Mary Coll., of which he was prof, of law in 1779-^89. In 1764 he drew up a strong remonstrance to the house of commons against the Stamp Act, the tone of which was greatly modified by the As- sembly. In Au^. 1775, he was app. a dclcg. to Congress, of which he was an influential mem- ber until 1777. In Nov. 1776 he was app., with Jefftrson (who had been his pupil in the law) and others, to revise the laws of Va., in which they made important changes. In 1777 he was chosen speaker of the house of delegates, and was app. judge of the High Conit of Chancery of the State. On the re-organization of the Court of Equity, he was app. sole chan- iellor, which station he filled more than 20 years. In 1 788 he was a member of the Va. "Conv. which ratified the Federal Constitution, — during the debates, generally acting as chair- man, — and was a strenuous advocate of the in- strument adopted. His death was occasioned by poison ; but the person suspected was ac- quitted by a jury. In the latter part of his life he emancipated his slaves, and furnished them means of subsistence. Author of " Decisions by the High Court of Chancery," &c., 1795; second ed., with Memoir by B. B. Minor, Svo, 1852. LL.D. (Wm. and Mary Coll. 1790). Xeres (ha'-rSs), FRANgois DE, historian of the conquest of Peru, and one of the con- querors, b. Seville. His History, pub. by order of Pizarro (whose secretaiy he was), in folio, Salamanca, 1547, was written in Caxamarca, and, though partial, is full of interest. Ximenes de Quesada (ze-mce'-nez da ka-sa'-ilii) , Gonzalo, a Spanish explorer and captain, b. Granada ab. 1495 ; d. 1546. He com. a party which ab. 1532 began to explore the region since called New Granada; and founded, in 1638, Santa Fe dc Bogota. Yale, Cthus, minister of New Hartford 1814-54 (excepting in 1834-7, when he was settled at Ware), b. Lee. Ms., 17 May, 1786; d. 21 Miiy, 1854. Wms. Coll. 1811. He was zealous in the cause of peace and temperance. He pub. a " Memoir of Rev. J. Hallock," 1828; " Sketches of Ministers of Litchf. County," 18.i2 ; and some sermons. Yale, Eliiiu, principal benefactor of Yale Coll., b. New Haven, Apr. 5, 1648; d. Lond. July 22, 1721. His father Thomas came to N. Haven with the first colonists in 1638, but returned with his family in 1658. At the age of 10 he went to Eng., where he was educated ; and ab. 1678 removed to the E. Indies, where he resided 20 years, and acquired a very large estate. He first introduced auctions into Eng. ab. 1 700, on goods brought home by him from 1011 YOR Fort George in the E. Indies, of which place he had been ^ov. in 1687-92. He m. a native of the E. Indies, by whom he had three daugh- ters. The close of his life he passed in Eng., where he was made gov. of the E. I. Company, and a fellow of the Royal Society. His dona- tions to Yale Coll. amounted to about £400 sterling. — Gen. Keg., iv. 245. Yancey, William Lowndes, politician, b. Ogeechee Shoals, Ga., Aug. 10, 1814; d. near Montgomery, Ala., July 28, 1863. He went to Ala. while young; studied law; was adm. to the bar at jVlontgomery, near which city he afterward resided. Edited the Cahawba Democrat aai Wetampka Aiyas ; served in both branches of the State legisl.'; and was M.C. in 1844-7. Resuming practice in Ala., he was a member of the Nat. Democ. Conv. at Balti- more in May, 1848, a zealous opponent of the compromise" measures of 1850, and was one of the leaders of the extreme party in the South. In a letter written in June, 18o8, and pub. in 1860, he advised the organization of commit- tees of safety in all the cotton States to " fire the Southern heart," and ultimately to pre- cipitate the cotton States into revol. Member of the Democ. Conv. at Charleston Apr. 23, 1860, and withdrew with other Southern ex- tremists. In the seceding convention he aided in the nomination of Mr. Breckenridge, and advocated his election before the people. In the Ala. Conv., which met at Montgomery, Jan. 7, 1861, he reported the ordinance of seces- sion, which was passed Jan. 14 ; Feb. 27 he was made a commiss. to the govts, of Europe to obtain the recognition of the Confed. States, and left New York in March. Returning in Feb. 1862, he was a member of the Confed. Congress until his death. Yates, Joseph C, judge of the Supreme Court of N.Y. 1808-22, gov. of N.Y. 1823-5, b. Sclieneciady, N.Y., 9 Nov. 1768; d. there March 19, 1837. Son of Col. Christopher. Studied and practised law at S. ; a founder of Union Coll. 1795; mayor of S. 1798-1808; State senator 1806-7. Yates, RiCHAKD, lawyer, and a prominent Repub. politician, b. Warsaw, Ky., Jan. 18, 1818. He removed to Illinois; grad. at III. Coll., and practised law. Often a member of the State legisl.; M.C. 1851-5; gov. of III. 1861-5; active in raising vols, in defence of the Union ; U. S. senator 1865-71 ; delegate to the Phila. Loyalists' Convention of 1866. Yates, Robert, jurist and statesman, b. Schenectady, N.Y., Jan. 27, 1738 ; d. Albany, Sept. 9, 1801. He received a classical educa- tion in N.Y. City; studied law; and in 1760 was adm. to practice at Albany, where he at- tained eminence in the profession. During the early stages of the Revol., several well-written essays established his reputation as a writer in defence of the rights and liberties of his coun- try. A prominent member of the com. of safety ; chairman of the com. of niilit. opera- tions 1776-7; member of the Prov. Congress of New York, and of the conv. that framed the State constitution in 1777; judge of the Su- preme Court 1777-90; chief justice 1790-8, and eminent for his moderation and impartial- ity ; member of the conv. that formed the Con- stitution of the U.S., which he opposed; and to his labors we are indebted for the preservation of its debates, pub. by his widow, 12nio, 1839. A member also of the State Convention which adopted the Constitution. Soon after this period, he was commissioned to treat with the States of Ms. and Ct. on the subject of terri- tory, and to .settle the claims of N.Y. against the State of Vt. Yeadon, Richard, lawyer and journalist, b. Charleston, S.C, 23 Oct. 1802 ; d. there 25 Apr. 1870. S.C. Coll. Adm. to the bar, but became interested in politics, and wrote for the Political Gazette. He was many years cd. and prop, of the Charleston Courier. "Several years a member of the State legisl., and filled various public offices. He accumulated wealth from his law practice and from his paper, much of which he used in charity. Yeamans, Sir John, gov. of S. C. in 1671-4, b. Bristol, England; d.Barbadoes. He emig. to Barbadoes ; and in 1665 was one of the settlers of Clarendon Co., S.C, and first introduced slaves into Carolina, previous to which the laborers were Europeans. He at first ruled with prudence and moderation, but became violent, unjust, and tyrannical, and was removed from office. Yeardley, Sir George, gov. of Va. 1616, 1619-21, and 1625; d. 1627. In 1619 the first Gen. Assembly met in Va.; and, during bis administration, many important improvements were made, and the power, population, and respectability of the Colony much increased. He was at one time a member of the council. Yeates, Jasper, judge of the Sup. Court of Pa. from 1791 to his d., Lancaster, Pa., Mar. 14, 1817. Member of the Lancaster Co. com. of corresp. in 1774, and of the conv. which rati- fied the U. S. Constitution in 1788. He pub. " Reports of Cases in the Sup. Court of Pa. 1791-1808," Phila., 4 vols. 8vo, 1817-19. Yell, Col. Archibald, b. Ky. 1797; killed in battle of Buena Vista, Feb. 23, 1847. Judge of Ark. Terr. ; M. C. from Ark. 1837-9 and 1845-7; gov, 1840-4; col. Ark. volunteer cav. July, 1846. Yeo, Sir James Locas, who com. the British fleet on the Lakes in the war of 1812, b. Southampton, Eng., 1782 ; d. 1819. Enter- ing the navy at an early age, he earned his promotion to com. by a gallant exploit, storm- ing the fort of El Muros, and capturing and bringing off every vessel in the port. His cap- ture of Cayenne, for which he was made pos^ capt., and his services on the American Lakes, gained him high consideration. — Morgan. Yoakum, Col. Henderson K., b. Clai- borne Co., Tenn., 1810; d. Houston, Texas, Nov. 29, 1856. West Point, 1832. He entered the 3d Art., but re.signed 31 Mar. 1833 ; was a lawyer in Tenn. in 1835-45, and in Texas in 1845-6 ; and was a member of the Statescnato in 18-39. He served as 1st. lieut. Hay's Texan Rangers in Mexican war, June, 1846 ; lawyer at Iluntsville. Tex., 1846-56. Author of " A History of Texas, 1685-1845," 2 vols. 8vo, 1855. 'Contributed also to periodicals. Yorke, Col. John, a British officer serv- ing in the Amtr. Revol. war, b. May, 1745 ; d. 1825. Maj. 33d Regt. 8 Aug. 1776; lieut.-col. 1779; col. 19 Mar. 1783. Di.sting. in Coni- wallis's campai^^ns ; M.P. for Reading ; dep.- lieut. of the Tower from Mar. 1794 to his death. Youmans, Edwakd Livingston, author and lecturer, b. Albany Co., N.Y., 1821. M.D. U. of Vt. ; prof, of ehemistry Antioch Coll. since 1866. In his early youth he was some years deprived of eyesight, but eventually be- came a proficient in chemistry. He pub. " Chemical Chart of Colored Diagrams," 1851; "Class-Book of Chemistry," 1852; "Atlas of Chemistry," 1854; "Alcohol and the Constitution of Man," 1855; " Handbook of Household Science," 1857 ; " Correlation and Conservation of Forces," 1864 ; " Obser- vations on the Scient. Study of Human Na- ture," 1866; "The Culture demanded by Modem Life," 1867. Editor of Herbert Spen- cer's works. Contrib. to scient. periodicals. Young, Alexander, D.D. (U.U. 1846), Unitarian clergyman and historian, b. Boston, Sept. 22, 1800; d. there Mar. 16, 1854. H.U. 1820. The son of a printer. Jan. 19, 1825, he was settled pastor of the Sixth (New South) Church, Boston. Besides a vol. of occas. dis- coui-scs. Dr. Yoimg pub. in 18.39 a series of 9 vols., entitled the " Old English Prose Wri- ters;" "Discourse on the Lile and Character of Nathaniel Bowditch," 1838 ; " Chronicles of the Pilgrim Fathers of the Colony of Pl;ym- outh," 1841; and "Chronicles of the First Planters of the Colony of Ms. Bay from 1623 to 1636," 1846. Young, Beigham, high priest of the Mormons, b. Whittingham, Vt., 1 June, 1801. In 1832he joined the Mormons at Ivirtland, O.; soon became influential by his shrewdness and energy ; was one of the 12 apostles sent out to make converts in 1835; and on the death of Joe Smith in June, 1 844, was chosen pres. and prophet. With most of the sect, he abandoned Nauvoo early in 1846; persuaded his followers that the Salt-Lake Valley was the Promised Land, and founded there, in July, 1847, Salt- Lake City. In the spring of 1849, having greatly increased by emigration, they organized a St.ite they called Deserct ; but Congress or- ganized it as the TeiT. of Utah, of which Young was U.S. gov. in 1850-4. The Mormons hav- ing defied the Federal govt., Pres. Buchanan ■ 1857 sent a force of 2,500 men to enforce ; authority; and in 1858 a compromise ended the imbroglio. Brigham has 12 actual wives, besides many who have been " sealed to him as his spiritual wives. As the head of the Mormon Church, he was long de facto gov. of the Terr., and is " president by semi-annual viva-voce election. Young, J. Harvet, portrait-painter of Boston, b. Salem, Ms., 14 June, 1830. He studied under John Pope, and, opening a studio, worked on portraits at five dollars a head. For 4 years he was an architect, and was engaged in mercantile business in N.H. and in Phila., but in 1858 settled permanently in Boston, soon acquiring reputation. Among his best known portraits are those of Edward Everett, William Warren, comedian, Wm. H. Prescott, and Horace Mann, Maj. Camp the knightly soldier, Chaplain Fuller, Col. Ellsworth, and Sergeant Prownell. Mr. Young married in 1855. Young, Rev. Jacob, Meth. preacher, b. Alleghany Co., Pa., March 19, 1776; d. Har- risburg, 0., Sept. 15, 1859. Licensed to preach in 1801, and continued till 1856. Author of " The Autobiography of a Pioneer," Cin., 12mo. Young, John, gov. of N.Y. 1847-9, b. Chelsea, Vt., 1802; d. N. Y. City, Apr. 23, 1852. While young, his father removed to Livingston Co., N.Y., where he received a common-school education, and studied and pr.ictised law. Member of the State legisl. in 1831, '44, and '45; M.C. 1841-3. Originally a Democrat, he became in 1 829 an anti-Mason, and was elected to Congress by the Whigs. U. S. assist, trcas. at N.Y. City 1849-52. Young, Right Hon. Sib Joun, Baron Lisgar, gov.-gcn. of the Dominion of Canada since 18 Sept. 1868, b. 1807. B.A. of Oxford U. 1829; called to the bar of Lincoln's Inn 1834 ; a lord of the treasury 1841-4 ; see. of the treas. 1844-6; chief sec. to lord-licut. of Ireland 1852-5 ; commiss. of the Ionian Islands 1855-9; gov. of New South Wales 1860-7; created Baron Lisgar 8 Oct. 1870. Young, John Clark, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1839), clergyman, b. Greeneastle, Pa., Aug. 12, 1803 ; d. June 23, 1857. Dick. Coll. 1823. He in 1828 became pastor of a church in Lex- ington, Ky. From 1830 till his death he was pres. of Centre Coll., DanWIle, Ky., and also had charge of a cong. there. Author of an Address to the Presbyterians of Ky., propos- ing a Plan for Emancipation, 1 835 ; also many single sermons. Young, Josde Marie, B. C. bishop of Erie (conscc. 23 Apr. 1854), b. Santbrd, Me., Aug. 1 808 ; d. Erie, Pa., Sept. 1 8, 1 866. Bom of Protestant parents, he became a Catholic at 19. Learning the printer's trade, he went to Cincinnati, and worked in the office of tha Catholic Tdir/raph. Prepared for the church at Mount St. Slary's Coll., he ;vas ord. in 1837, and labored many years in the diocese of Cin- cinnati. In 1853, while pastor of St. Mary's, Lancaster, Ohio, he was app. to the see of Pittsburg, but declined. Young, William, editor of the Albion (N.Y.) 1848-67, b. Deptford, Eng., 1809, and, having m. an Amer. lady, in 1839 emig. to the U. S. He has transl. Be'ranger's songs and poems, and " The Man who Laughs ; " and has pub. a Collection of Amer. College Songs, 1868; " Matthieu Ropars, et csetera," 1868. Zane, Col. Ebenezer, a Western pioneer, b. Berkeley Co., Va., Oct. 7, 1747; d. 1811. Of Danish origin. He at the age of 23 emig. to the West, and settled on the site of the ])res- cnt city of Wheeling at a time when there w.as not a permanent Anglo-Saxon settlement from the source to the mouth of the Ohio. During the Revol. war, several attacks by the Indians upon Fort Henry, as the settlement was then named, were repulsed; the last in 1781. Col. Zane was a disbursing-oiBcer under Dun- more, and held under the commonwealth nu- merous civil and military posts. He owned the land where the city of Zanesville now stands, on the Muskingum. 1013 Zarate (tha-ra'-ta), AoosTiN DE ; d. ab. 15G0. Author of a " History of the Conquest of Peru," pub. 1555. Sent to Peru in 1543 as treasurer of the crown, he played an im- portant part in the civil wars of the country, where he remained many years. After the dep- osition of Vela, he was sent on an important embassy to Gonzalo Pizarro. Zea (tha'-ii), Don Francisco Antonio, a South-American patriot, h. Medellin, New Granada, Oct. 20, 1770; d. Bath, Eng., Nov. 28,1822. Educated at Bogota. Participating in revol. movements, he was confined at Cadiz in 1797-9. In 1802 he became an assistant director in the Botanic Garden of Madrid, and in 18U5 prof, of botany, and dircctor-in-chief ; in 1808 lie was elected a member of the junta of Bayonnc, and was, under Joseph Bonaparte, minister of the interior, and gov. of Malaga; in 1814 he embarked for S. America, and joined Bolivar. Made intendant-gen. of the army ; he was vice-pres. of Venezuela in reb.-Aug. 1819; Sept. 24, 1819, he was accredited to all the European courts ; and succeeded in obtain- ing from Eni.'Iish bankers a loan of £2,000,000 in March, 1822. Zeilin, Jacob, brig.-gen. U.S. marine corps, b. Phila. 2d licut. Oct. 1, 18.31 ; capt. Sept. 14, 1847 ; major July 26, 1861 ; col. and com. marine corps June 10, 1864; brig.-gen. Mar. 2, 1867. Attached to frigate " Congress " in Mexican war; com. battalion of marines under com. Stockton ; and brev. major for gallantry in the battle of Los Angelos, Jan. 9, 1847; wounded in the battle of Bull Run. Zeisberger, David, Moravian missionary among the Indians, b. Zoetenthal, Moravia, Apr. 11, 1721; d. Franklin, Summit Co., O., Nov. 7, 1808. His parents emig. to America during his youth. After completing his studies, he went to England, when Gen. Oglethorpe enabled bim to join his parents in Ga. One of the founders of Bethlehem, Pa., in 1740. He soon after became a missionary to the In- dians, and labored, until the breaking-out of the Indian war in 1755, among the Delawares at Shamokin and the Iroquois at Onondaga. During the Pontiac conspiracy he assisted the Christian Indians, whom he afterward led to Wyalusing, Bedford Co., Pa. In 1767 he es- tablished a church among the Monseys ; in 1772 be began the settlement of an Indian town (Schoenbrunn) on the Tuscarawas, Ohio, where he was afterward joined by all the Mora- vian Indians of Pa. ; but the settlement was destroyed by the Wyandots in 1781; in 1787 he began the settlement of New Salem, Huron Co., near Lake Erie; in 1791 be emigrated to Canada, and founded Fairfield on the Thames; in 1798 the Moravians returned to their for- mer settlements in Ohio which had been grant- ed them by Congress, and built there a new station named Goshen. Zeisberger preached there till the end of his life. He pub. in the Delaware tongue a " Dcl.iware and English Spelling-Book," 1776; a " Coll. of Hymns," 1803; "Sermons to Children," 1803; "A Harmony of the Four Gospels " (N.Y. 1821 ) ; and Verbal- Biegungen der VhippeKorjer, in Va- ter's Aiwlekten der Sprachhunde. He left in MS. a Delaware Grammar and Dictionary, deposited in H. Coll. Library, and an Iroquois Dictionary in the library of thePhilos. Society at Phila. — See Memoir bi/ Schiveinitz, 8vo, Phila. 1870. Zenger, Joh.n Peter, printer, b. Ger- many ; d. New York, 1746. He established a press in 1726; Nov. 5, 1733, be began the Weekli/ Journal, continued by his widow Ca- tharine, and John his son, until ab. 1752. For some strictures in his paper on Gov. Cosby and the council, he was arrested 17 Nov. 1734, tried in 1735, and kept in close confinement 35 weeks. Andrew Hamilton of Phila. de- fended him from the charge of libel on the ground of the truth of the publication, — a prin- ciple since well established. The court, how- ever, would not allow the witnesses of the truth to be examined, nor would it allow the jury to be judges of the law as well as of the fact. Notwithstanding the direction of the bench, the jury brought in a verdict of not guilty. A narrative of this trial was pub. at Boston, also at London, with that of Wm. Owen, in 1765. Zeuner, Charles, musician and compos- er; d. Phila. Nov. 1857, a. ab. 60. lie resid- ed some years in Boston, where he was or- ganist at the Park-st. Church and of the Handel and Hayden Soe. Author of "Feast of the Tabernacles," an oratorio, 1832 ; "American Harp," 1839 ; "Ancient Lyre," 1848; " Musical Manual," &c. Zinzendorf, Nicholas Lonis, count, founder, or restorer, of the Moravian brethren, b. Dresden, May 26, 1 700 ; d. Hernhutt, May 9, 1760. His father, one of the principal min- isters of the Elector of Saxony, died a few weeks after his birth ; and he was educated by Prof. Eranke at Halle, and afterward at Wit- tenberg. Receiving in 1 720 his property from his guardians, he purchased a lordship in Lu- satia, and m. a sister of the Prince of Reuss. In 1 722 he began to conceive the idea of a purer church-discipline, traces of which were observa- ble among the sect called the Bohemian and Moravian Brethren, some of whom he permit- ted to settle on his estate. The count and a clergyman named Rothe labored to instnict them ; and he formed statutes for their govt., from which period their writers date the re- newal of the Union of the Brethren. To him "Wislcy was indebted for both his religious or- ganization and his iiiissionarv plans, that inde- iaii ,, :■■ l:)Ii"r , li.ii; • 1 -. -.d some time With Ziii 1^' M : \ \t to their organi- ZLiii I. .~ iii-ing (which fur- nisli ■ I ili'j \\j,:i-,t wiili ;i \ .iluablo hint) is one of their most remarkable characteristics. In 1 736 the count was consec. bishop of the Mo- ravian Cong. He then visited England, and travelled almost all over Europe ; made numer- ous settlements, and sent missionaries to all parts of the world. He came to Pa. in 1741 ; began his labors by preaching at Genuantown and Bethlehem; and in Feb. 1742 ord. at Oly, Pa., the missionaries Rauch and Ruttner. At Sbekomeco he established the first Indian Mo- ravian congregation in America. He returned to Europe in 1743 ; succeeded his bro. Dec. 21, 1756; and abdicated his countship March 19, ] 757. — See his Life by Spangenberg, 8 vols Svo, 1777. ZOL 1014 Zollicoffer, Ge;?. Felix K., b. Maury Co., Tenn., May 19, 1812; killed at the battle of MUl Spring, Ky., Jan. 19, 18G2. H« re- ceived an academical education. Learned the trade of a printer ; in 1 829 became a newspaper editor at Paris, Tenn. ; edited and pub. the Co- lumbian Observer in 1834; in 1835 was chosen State printer ; and in 1842 took the editorship of the Nashville Banner, tlie leading Whig pa- perof the State. lie was in 1845-9 comptroller of the State treas. ; in 1849 was a State sena- tor, and M.C. in 1853-9, and an ad ocatc of extreme Southern views. He was a delegate to the Peace Congress in Feb. 1 86 1 ; was soon after app. a brig.-gen. in the Confederate army ; took com. of East Tenn. Aug. 8 ; was defeated at Camp Wild-Cat, Ky., Oct. 21, bv Gen. Sehoepf, and at Mill Spring by Gen. Thomas. Zook, Gen. Samuel Kosciuszko, b. Pa. ab. 1823; killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. While young, he was a telegrapher, and made important discoveries in electrical science. Ab. 1 848 he removed to N.Y. ; and at the outset of the war he went as lieut.-col. with the 6th N.Y. S. M. to the Potomac, and was made military gov. of Annapolis. Returning, he raised and com. the 57th N.Y. Vols. During the severe battles on the Peninsula, he generally com. a brigade; made brig.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862. He disting. himself at Chancellorsville ; also at Gettysburg, where he fell. Zubly, John Joacbim, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1770), clergyman, b. St. Gall, Switzerland, 27 Aug. 1724; d. S.C. 23 July, 1781. Ord. 1744. He took charge of the First Prosb. Church, Sa- vannah, in 1 760, where he preached to an Eng- lish and German cong., also preaching occasion- ally in French. He was active among the Sons of Liberty at the outset of the Revol. ; was on the most important coramitteesof the first Prov. Congress of Ga. 1 775 ; and in that year was a delegate to the Cont. Congress. He opposed the Docl. of Indep., and suddenly left congress for Ga., where he sided with the crown. Ac- cused of treasonable corresp. with Sir James Wright, the royal gov., he returned to Savan- nah, and was for some time concealed, to escape popular resentment, lie was in that city during the siege in 1779. He was a man of learning, ofa vigorous and penetrating mind, and pub. a number of patriotic discourses. SUPPLEMENT. BAR CHA Bartlett, Gen. William Frakcis, b. Ha- verhill, Ms., 6 June, 1840. H.U. 1862. App. capt. 20th Ms. luf. 10 July, 1861 ; engaged at Ball's Bluff; wounded at the siege of York- tovra (losing a leg) ; col. 49th Ms. Inf. 10 Nov. 1862; and took part in the operations result- ing in the capture of Port Hudson. In the as- sault of this place (27 May, 1 863) he was a con- spicuous mark for the enemy, being mounted ; and was severely wounded in the arm and foot. Col. 57th Ms. Vols. 17 Aug. 1863, with which he participated in the battles of the Wilder- ness, and again slightly wounded ; brig.-gcn. vols. 22 June, 1 864, for conspicuous gallantry at Port Hudson. He com. a division 9th corps, and was captured at the explosion of the mme before Petersburg, 30 July, 1864. After being exchanged in Sept., he com. the 1st div. 9th corps; brev. maj.-gen. 1865. Beatty, Gen. John, M.C. from Ohio since 1867, b. near Sandusky, 0., 16 Dec. 1828. Re- ceived a good English education. Engaged in banking ; volunteered as a private 3d O. Inf., and app. lieut.-col. in 1861 ; took pai-t in sev- eral battles in West Va. ; col. in 1 862, and con- spicuous at Perryville and at Stone River, where he com. a brigade ; brig.-gcn. 29 Nov. 1 862 ; and fought at^Tullahoma, Chickamau- ga, and at Mission. Ridge. Bedell, Gregory Thurston, D.D., as- sist, bishop of Ohio (consec. 13 Oct. 1859), b. Hudson, N.Y., 27 Aug. 1817. Brist. Coll., Pa., 1836; (Epis.) Theol. Sem. of Va. 1840. Son of Rev. Gregory T. of Phila. Ord. deacon 1840, priest 1841 ; became rector Ch. of the Holy Trinity (West Chester, Pa.) 5 Nov. 1840, and of the Ch. of the Ascen. (N "' 1843. Residence, Gambler, O. Bigler, John, gov. of Cal. 1852-6, b. Cumberland Co., Pa., 8 Jan. 1804; d. Sacra- mento, Cal., 30 Nov. 1871. Bro. of Wm., gov. of Pa. Apprenticed to the printing-business ; edited a paper in Pa. in 1828-9 and 1831-2; adm. to the bar, and resided in Brown Co., 111., in 1846-9; moved to Cal. in 1849, and was twice speaker of the Assembly. He was a con- servative Democrat, and was known as " Hon- est John Bigler." Birge, Gen. Henry W., b. Nonvich, Ct. When the civil war began, he was one of the aidi'S of Gov. Buckingham ; entered the service in June, 1861, as major 4th Ct. Inf ; made col. 13th early in 1 862 ; and in the exped. to N. Or- leans and in the capture of Port Hudson, for which he was made brig.-gen. Sept. 19, 1863; took part in the Red-river campaign under Gen. Banks; brev. maj.-gen. for seniees in .Sheridan's campaign in the Shenandoah Val- ley, Oct. 1864 ; and in June, 1865, was app. to com. the milit. dist. of Savannah. Blow, Henry T., minister to Brazil since 1869, b. Southampton Co., Va., 15 July, 1817. Went to St. Louis in 1830; grad. at the U. of that city; became interested in mining-lands, in which, and in manufacturing, he acquired a fortune. He was among the first in Mo. to de- clare against slavery ; was 4 years a State sen- ator ; was the friend and adviser of Gen. Lyon at the opening of the Rebellion ; minister to Venezuela in 1861-2, and M.C. in 1863-7. Bradley, Joseph P., LL.D. (Laf. Coll. 1859), jurist, b. Berne, Albany Co., N.Y., 14 Mar. 1813. Rutg. Coll. 1836. Adm. to the bar in 1839, attaining distinction in the prac- tice of law in Newark, N. J., especially in causes involving a knowledge of polit. economy and constitutional law. App. assoc. judge U. S. Supreme Court 21 March, 1870. Brayton, George Bailey, inventor of a safety steam-boiler and of the high-pressure gas-engine, b. Crompton, R.I., 23 Oct. 1829. Buckland, Cyrus, inventor, b. Manches- ter, Ct., 10 Aug. 1799. He received a common- school education, worked in various machine- shops, and in 182S became a pattern-maker and de.-igncT in the U. S. Armory at Springfield, Ms. He produced his machine for making gun- stocks ab. 1 842 ; and is also the inventor of the machines for rifling musket-barrels, for cutting the thread of the screw on the inside of the bar- rel, and for milling the breech-screw. Cespedes, Carlos Manuel de, Cuban revolutionist, b. Bayamo, 1 8 Apr. 1819. U.of Havana, 1838. Studied law at Barcelona, and was adm. to practice in 1842. In 1844 he set- tled in practice in his native city, acquiring reputation and a fortu ne. For a demonstration in favor of Cuban indep. in 1852, he was con- fi ned 5 months in Morro Castle, Santiago de Cuba. Heading the movement for Cuban in- dep. in Oct. 1868, he was soon after made pres. of the republic. Chamberlain, Gen. Joshua Lawkencb, LL.D. (Pa. Coll. 1866; Bowd. 1868), gov. of lOlS CHE 1016 Me. 1866-70, b. Bangor, Me., 8 Sept. 182«. Bowd. Coll. 1852; Bangor Thcol. Sem. 1855. Son of Col. Joshua. In his boyhood he at- tended the niilit. acad. of Maj. Whiting; at Ells- worth. Prof, at Bowd. Coll. from 1 85.") to Aug. 1862, when app. lieut.-col. 20th Mc. Inf.; col. May, 1863; brig.-gen. June, 1864, for gallantry at Petersburg, where he was severely wounded ; brev. maj.-gen., and again wounded at Quaker Road 29 Mar. 1865 ; and com. 1st division 5th corps, leading the advance, in the final opera- tions ending in Lee's surrender, 9 April, 1865. Ilis com. was designated to receive the formal surrender of the arms and colors of Lee's ar- my. He was engaged in 24 pitched battles, in- cluding An tietam, Fredericksburg, Chanccllors- ville, Gettysburg, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, and Five Forks ; and was 6 times wound'.d, thrice severely. He resumed his pro- fessorshiji (modem languages) in 1865 ; and in July, 1871, was elected pres. of Bowd. Coll. Chester, J. L. (p. 181), has long been en- gaged upon what promises to be his maynum opus, — the printing of the entire marriage, baptismal, and burial registers of Westminster Abbey, annotated in an exhaustive manner. Coan, Rev. Titus, D.D., missionary and volcano^rapher, b. Ivillingworth, Ct., Feb. 1, 1801. Aub. Theol. Sem. 1834. In the same year he m. Miss Fidelia Church of Riga, N.Y., and sailed for the Hawaiian Islands. Between 1835 and 1870 he had gathered 15,000 of the native islanders into the Protestant Church, — a success unequalled, it is believed, by that of any other modern missionary. For his con- trite, to volcanic scieuce, see Amer. Journal of Sciences, 1840-70. Cochran, Jon>f AVebster, inventor, b. Enfield, N.IL, 16 May, 1814. In 1832, with a cash capital of SI .25, he started for Boston, walking the whole way, — 110 miles. In 1833 he invented and patented a steam-heating ap- paratus ; and in 1834 patented his invention of a revolving breech-loading rifled cannon, in which the cocking of the hammer automatical- ly rotated the cylinder, — the same principle which subsequently secured the success of the revolving pistol. This invention procured him fame and fortune. Visiting France in 1835, he exhibited his model to the Turkish ambassa- dor ; was invited by Sultan Mahmoud to Con- stantinople, whither he went, and was liberally rewarded by the sultan. In 1 839-47 he resided in France, and afterward in Eng., where he in- vented macbinery for curvilinear sawing, used in " converting " ship-timber, and adopted by the Brit. govt. He has latterly resided in the U.S., actively engaged in the manuf. of fire- arms and projectiles, and in improvements of various kinds. — Amer. Artisan, Mar. 8, 1871. Conner, Gen. Patrick E., b. Ireland, 1820; came to theU.S. ataveryearlyage; set- tled in Te.xas ; was a capt. in Walker's Texan regt., and severely wounded at Buena Vista. In 1861 be raised a regt. ; was ordered t<5 Utah ; gained a signal victory over the hostile Indians at Bear River 29 Jan. 1863; made brig.-gen. 30 Mar. 1863 ; was long in com. of the Utah dist., where he established firmly the authority of the govt. ; and brev. maj.-gen. 1865. Davis, Thomas Feedeeick, D.D., Prot.- Ep. bishop of S.C. (consec. 17 Oct. 1853); d. Dec. 2, 1871. Delmar, Alexander, statistician, b. N.Y. Citj^, 9 Aug. 1836. His father was a native of Spain. He wrote for a N.Y. journal in 1854 ; became financial editor of Hum's Merchunts' Mag. and of several N.Y. journals ; established the Social-Science Review, and was sole editor in 1867-8 ; and in 1867 became pros. Washing- ton Statist. Soc. Author of " Gold Money and Paper Money," 1862; "Treatise on Taxa- tion;" "Essays on Polit. Economy," 1865; " International Almanac, or Statistical Hand- book," 1866. Denio, Hiram (p. 263), jurist, b. 21 Mav, 1799; d. Utica, N.Y., 5 Nov. 1871. Began practice at Rome in 1821; dist. atty. 1825- 34; settled in Utica in July, 1826; circuit judge 5th circuit 1334-8; judge of the Court of Appeals 1853-66. Devens, Gen. Charles, Jun., b. Charlcs- towu, Ms., Apr. 4, 1820. H.U. 1838; Camb. Law School. In 1841-9 he practised in Frank- lin Co., Ms.; was a State senator in 1S48; in 1 849-53 was U.S. marshal for Ms. ; and in 1854 resumed the practice of law at Worcester. Apr. 16, 1861, he was chosen major of a rifle batt. ; was made col. 15th Ms. Inf. 24 July; com. at Ball's Bluff' before the arrival of Col. Baker, and again after the death of the latter; brig.-gen. Apr. 15, 1862; was in the battles of Williams- burg and Fair Oaks (in the latter of which he was wounded), at South Mountain and Antie- tam ; com. a division of Howard's corps at Chancellors-ville ; in the 18th corps in the Va. campaign of 1864-5, and was in temp. com. 24th army corps in Dec. '64 ; brev. maj.-gen. 13 Apr. 1865. In Nov. 1862 he was the unsuc- cessful candidate of the " People's Party " for gov. of Ms. A justice of the Ms. Superior Court since 1867. Doniphan, Col. Alexander William, lawyer and soldier, b. Mason Co., Ky., July 9, 1808. Aug. Coll., Ky., 1827. Son of an caily emigrant Irom Va., who d. in 1814. Having studied law, he began practice at Lexington, Mo., but in 1833 removed to Liberty. Brig.- gen. of militia in the expedition which in 1838 drove the Mormons from the State; member of the State legisl. 1836 and '40; col. 1st Mo. Cav. June 1 8, 1 846, and led the successful ex- ped. against Chihuahua; com. in the battle of Brazito, Dec. 25, 1846, and in that of Sacra- mento, Mexico, Feb. 28, 1847; and in the tii- mous march from Santa Fe to the Rio Grande. Eiehberg, Jclics, teacher and composer of music, b. Germany, 1825. Adra. to the Con- servatory of Brussels, he gained in 1843 the first prizes in violin and composition. After- ward musical director in prominent German opera-houses, and director of sacred music to the consistory of the Church of Geneva. Since 1 856 he has taught in Boston, where he founded the Consci-vatory of Music. He has composed the successful operas, " The Doctor of Alcan- tara," "A Night in Rome," and "The Rose of Tyrol." , EweU, Gen. R. S. (p. 313), d. Maury Co., Tenn., 25 Jan. 1872. FER 1017 LOR ■ Perrero, Gen. Edward, b. of Italian par- ents in Granada, Spain, Jan. 10, 1832. He was brought to the U.S. an infant. Before the war he kept a dancing-school, and taught the art at West-Point Acad. In 1861 he raised the 51st N. Y. Vols. (Shcpard Rifles) ; accomp. Bumside's exped. to Roanoke Island and Ncw- bem ; disting. himself at both those places, and com. a brigade under Gen. Reno. In July, 1 862, he served in Gen. Pope's Va. campaign ; waa in the battles of South Mountain and An- tietam, and for his bravery and efficiency in the latter engagement was maide brig. -gen. Sept. 1 9, 1 862. He served at Fredericksburg and at Vicks- burg; com. the 2d brigade of Sturgis's div. 9th army corps, and a division at the siege of Knox- \iUa; com. at the defence of Fort Sanders against the desperate assault of Longstrect ; led the colored div. 9th corps in the operations against Petersburg in 1864; and subsequently com. defences of Bermuda Hundred. Brev. maj.-gen. 2 Dec. 1864. Guiliore, Pathick Sarsfield, musician, b. near Dublin, 28 Dec. 1829. He connected himself with a military band at the age of 15. Came to Boston in 1 849, where he has been for many years a leader of military bands ; accomp. the 24th Ms. Regt. to the field in 1862, and was in 1863 placed in charge of all the bands in the dept. of La. by Gen. Banks. Origina- tor of monster concerts in this country, and pro- jector of the great National Peace Jubilee at Boston in June, 1869, a history of which he published in 1871. Composer of many songs, marches, &c. Gladden, Rev. Washington, clergyman and author, b. Pittsgrove, Pa., 11 Feb. 1836. Wms. Coll. 1859. He first preached at the State-st. Cong. Ch., Brooklyn, N. Y. ; after- ward at Mon-isania, N.Y. ; and since Feb. 1867 has been pastor of the 1st Cong. Church, North Adams, Ms. Besides his frequent contrihs. to the N. Y. Independent and other papers and pe- riodicals, he has published " From the Hub to the Hudson," and is a successful pub. lecturer. Godkin, Edward L., journalist, b. Wick- low Co., Ireland, 1831. Educated at a gram- mar-school near Wakefield, England, and at Queen's Coll., Belfast. Corrcsp. of the London Daily News in Turkey and Russia during the Crimean war, 1854-6. In the fall of 1856 he came to the U.S., and in the ensuing winter made a journey on horseback through the Southern States, detailed in a scries of letters to the Daili/ News. He then studied law in the office of David Dudley Field in N.Y. City ; waa adm. to the bar in 1858, but in that year re- turned to Europe in impaired health. Return- ing to N.Y. at the close of 1862, he was, until the establishment of The Nation in 1865, a cor- rcsp. of the Daily News, and an editorial con- trib. to the N.Y. Times. The Nation, a. weekly journal of politics, literature, science, and art, estab. in July, 1865, and edited by Mr. God- kin, in 1866 passed into his hands as a proprie- tor, and owes to him its success, ranking - - ■' does among the first literary and critical . nals of the land. Republican in poll also the advocate of free trade and civil-service reform. Hall, John, D.D., pastor (since 3 Nov. I jour- 1867) of the Fifth-ave. Presb. Ch., N.Y. City, b. of Scotch ancestry, Co. Armagh, Ireland, 31 July, 1829. Belfast Coll. Licensed to preach in June, 1849, and labored as a missionary in the west of Ireland ; pastor of the church at Armagh 30 Jan. 1852-8, and of Mary's Abbey, Dublin, from 1858 until app. in 1867 a deleg. to the Presb. churches of the U.S. He is an eloquent speaker on the platform as well as in thcpulpit. Halleck, Gen. Henry Wager (see p. 399) ; d. Louisville, Ky., 9 Jan. 1872. Ualstead, Murat, journalist, b. Ross Township, Butler Co., O., 2 Sept. 1829. Far- mers' Coll., 0., 1851. His grandfather emig. to Ohio from N.C. in 1804. A contrib. to the Cincin. Gazette and other papers in Ind. and O. in 1851-2; became assist, ed. of the Columbian and Great West, and in 1 853 of the Commer- cial, introducing the new feature of a systematic abstract of the important news found in the ex- change papers; and in 1854 became a partner in the concern. Under his able management the Cincin. Commercial has long been a leading journal in the U.S. Helper, Hinton Rowan, author, b. Da- vie Co., N.C., 27 Dec. 1829. Educated at the Mocksvillc Acad. Went to Cal. in 1851, and travelled on the Pacific coast; U.S. consul at Buenos Ayres 1861-7. Resides at Asheville, N.C. Author of " The Land of Gold," 1 855 ; "Impending Crisis of the South," 1857; "No- joque, a Question for a Continent," 1867; and "The Negroes in Negroland," &c., 1868. Holcombe, Jajies P., author, b. Lynch- burg, Va., 1820. Educated at Y.C. and at the U. of Va., where he was some time prof, of law. He has pub. " Leading Cases upon Com- mercial Law,"8vo, 1847; "Digest of Decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court," 8vo, 1848; "Mer- chant's Book of Reference for Debtor and Cred- itor," 8vo, 1 848 ; "Literature in Letters," 12mo, 1868. Holcombe, William H., M.D., homce- opathist and author, b. Lynchburg, Va., 1825. Educated at Wash. Coll., Va., and in medi- cine at the U. of Pa. After practising at Lynchburg and at Cincinnati, he settled in N. Orleans, and in 1852 became a homceopath. Besides many contribs. to periodicals, he was some years co-editor of the A^. A. Journal of Homceop. Has pub. " The Scientific Basis of Homoeopathy," 12mo, 1855; "Poems," 1860; " Our Children in Heaven " (Swedenborgian), 1868; "The Sexes," 1869; and many bro- chures on topics similar to the above. Knowlton, John Stocker Coffin, journalist, b. Hopkinton, R.I., 11 Dec. 1798; d. Worcester, Ms., 11 June, 1871. Dartm. Coll. 1823. He became connected with the Lowell Journal ab. 1827 ; in 1833 removed to Worcester, assuming the editorial charge of the .r^ji's and Yeoman, with which the liepuh- lican was subsequently merged to establish the Palladium, which he pub. and edited for ab. 37 years. He had been tmce mayor of W. ; mem- ber of both branches of the legisl., and 15 years high sheriff of the county. XiOring, Frederick Wadsworth, jour- nalist, b. Boston, 12 Dec. 184S; murdered by Apache Indians 5 Nov. 1871 in Arizona, while LO"W 1018 on Ilia way home from the expl. expcd of Lieut. Wlieeler. H.U. 1870. He was a contrib. to the At/antic, Old and New, &c. ; was the author of " The Boston Dip," a vol. of poems ; " Two College Friends," 1871 ; and of two successful plays. Low, Fredekick F., minister to China (app. 1869), b. Frankfort, Me., 30 Jan. 1828. He received a thorough English education. Went to Califoi-nia early in 1849 ; was for a few months engaged in mining ; and was a mer- chant in San Francisco until 1855, when he be- came a banker at MarysvUle. Repub. M.C. in 1861-3, contributing to the enactment of the Pacific-Railroad Bill ; subsequently collector of the port of San Francisco, and gov. of Cal. 1864-8. McCabe, James D., Jan., author, b. Rich- mond, Va. Son of Rev. James, D.D., and 4th in descent from the first white settler in the Cum- berland Valley, Pa. Educated at the Va. Milit. Inst. Began writing for the .(16in5don Virginian in his 1 4th year. He has pub. " Fanaticism and its Results," I860; " Life of Gen. T. J. Jackson," 8vo, 1863; " The Bohemian," 1863; "Life of Gen. R. E. Lee," 1867 ; "The Gray- Jackets," 1867. He has also written poems, plays, and translations fi-om the French, and many contributions to periodicals. Resides in Brooklyn, N.Y. McCook, tiEN. Edward M., b. Stcuben- villo, 0., June, 1834. Educated principally in a log school-house. Accomp. Gov. Medary to Minnesota in 1856 as private sec. ; emig. to Pike's Peak in 1859 ; member Ks. legisl. 1860; app. 2d lieut. U.S. Cav. ; major 2d lud. Cav. ; promoted successively to lieut.-col., col., brig.- gen. (27 Apr. 1864); and was brev. major- gen, in 1865. In the battles of Shiloh, Stone River, Perryville, and Chickamauga; com. a division in the Atlanta campaign, and a corps in E. Tenn. In the summer of 1864, in a raid in the rear of Atlanta, he destrojred large quan- tities of Confed. stores; was intercepted by Wheeler's cav. on his return, and cut his way through, rejoining Sherman's army near Mari- etta; com. 1st cav. div. in Wilson's raid through Ga. and Ala. Minister to. the Hawaiian Is- lands 1866-9; app. gov. Colorado Terr. 1S69. McGill, John, D.D., R.C. bishop of Va. (consec. 10 Nov. 1850), b. 4 Nov. 1809. Ord. priest 13 July, 1835. Resided in Lexington, Ky., in 183G ; in Louisville in 1836-50, and ed. there for 7 years the Catholic Advocate, Au- thor of " Life of Calvin," translated from the French of Andin, " Origin of the Church of Eng. aa represented in Macaulay's History," "The True Church Indicated to the Inquirer," and " Our Faith the Victory." — Living Wri- ters of the South. Mahone, Gex. William, b. Southamp- ton, Va., ab. 1827. Va. Milit. Inst. 1847. Be- came an engineer ; constructed the Norf. and Petersb. Railroad, Va., of which he was after- wards pros. ; and was in 1861 a militia col., and contrib. to the capture of the valual ile mate'rid at the Norfolk Navy- Yard, 21 Apr. 1861. He then raised and com. the 6th Va. Regt. ; com. Fort Darling, and repulsed attack of IJ.S. gun- boats 15 May, 1861 ; was at Fair Oaks, Oak Grove, Malvern Hill, Groveton (where he was wounded), Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, battles of the Wilderness; was made hrig.-gen. March, 1864; took com. of Anderson's div.; in battle of Spottsylvania C.H., North Anna, Cold Harbor, the "Crater" Fight (.30 July, 1864); made a maj.-gcn. 12 Aug. 1864, and com. div. in A. P. Hill's (3d) corps ; in battles of Wcldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run (27 Oct. 1864) ; and at Lee's surrender com. the lines at Bennuda Hundred. — Hist. J/o';., July, 1871. Nye, James W., Repub. seiiator Irom Ne- vada since 1865, b. Madison Co.,N.Y., 10 June, 1815. Received a public-school education; studied and practised law ; State police coin- miss. N.Y. City, 1860; gov. Nevada Territory 1861-5. Porcher, Fkat^cis Pettre, M.D. (Char. Med. Coll. 1847], botanist, h. Charleston, S.C., ab. 1825. S.C. Coll. 1845. He has pub. " Med. Botany of S.C," 8vo, 1849; "Cryntogamic Plants of the U.S." (" Trans." Am. Med. As- soc. 1854) ; " Clinical Investigations," Svo, 1861 ; "Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests," Svo, 1863; "Illustrations of Disease with the Microscope," 1860. While a lecturer in the Charleston Prep. Med. School, he edited, with Dr. D. J. Cain, 5 vols, of the Charleston Med. Jour, and Review. Porter, Gen. Andrew, b. Lancaster, Pa., 10 July, 1819; d. Paris, 4 Jan. 1872. West Point,. 1836-7. Grandson of Gen. Andrew ; son of Gov. Geo. B. App. 1st lieut. Mtd. Ri- fles 27 May, 1846; disting. at Ccrro Gordo; capt. 15 May, 1847 ; brev. major for Contreras and Churubusco 20 Aug. 1847; lieut.-col. for Chapultepec 13 Sept. 1847; col. 16th U.S. Inf. 14 May, 1861 ; brig.-gcn. vols. 17 May, 1861 ; prov.-gen. Army of the Potomac; com. 1st brigade of regulars at the battle of Bull Run, in which he displayed much skill and bravery ; resigned 20 April, 1864. Quesada, Manuel, gen.-in-chief of the Cuban patriot forces, b. Camaguey, 29 March, 1833. Emig. to Mexico in 1852 ; entered the military service of the republic ; gained sev- eral victories over the forces of Maximilian; was made a gen» for that of May 5, 1 862, at Puebla and at Pachuca ; and was made gov. of the States of Tlascala, Coahuila, and Duran- go. la 1 865 he came to N.Y. City, and labored in organizing the insurrection In Cuba, whither he went in 1868; and was named gen.-in-chief of the troops of Comarca, and subsequently gen.-in-chief of the republic. Sent in March, 1870, to the U.S. and Europe in a diplomatic capacity- Eedpath, James, author, b. Bonvick-on- Tweed, Eng., Aug. 1833. Emig. with his par- ents to Mich, in 1848. At 16 he became a printer; at 19 one of the editors of the Tribune, with which he was long connected editorially or as a corfesp. He was in Kansas during the troubles there of 1855-7; and was with the armies of Sherman and Thomas, and with Gill- more at Charleston, during the war. App_. by the govt, of Hayti gen. agent of emigration ; then consul at Phila. ; then joint commiss. to the U.S. ; and instrumental in procuiing the recognition of ilaytien indcp. Supt. of educa- tion in Charleston during the war ; organized the schools of S.C, and established the Colored "U^OO Orphan Asylum in Charleston. Established the Boston- Lyceum Bureau in 186S. Author of " Guide to Kansas," " The Koving Editor," 'Echoes of Harper's I," "Guide to llayti," ' Life of John Ferry," "Southern &c. Richards, George, a writer of patriotic verses, b. (probably) in R.I. ; d. Phila. about I Mar. 1814 by his own hand while deranged. An eminent schoolmaster in Boston after the close of the Revol. ; he also preached occasion- ally, in tlie absence of the pastor, to the cong. of Mr. Murray; was pastor of a Univcrsalist church in Portsmouth, N.H., in 1793-1809, and subsequently in Phila., where hcalso established, and for two years edited, the Freemason's Mag. and Gen. Miscellany. He was a man of great be- nevolence, assuming the charge of orphans, and giving his personal attendance upon the sick, mcluding those stricken with contagious dis- ease. Among his pieces — usually anonymous — is a descriptive poem on the Revol., extracts from which arc in the Ms. Maij. 1789-92. Au- thor also of odes. Masonic orations, an hist, dis- course on the death of Washinjton, Portsm. 22 Feb. 1800, &C. — MS. ofS. F. Haven. Robinson, William S. ("Warrington"), political writer, b. Concord, Ms., 7 Dec. 1818. Editor Lowell Courier 1842-8; Boston Daily Whig 1849 ; aftenvard of the Republican, Com- monwealth, and the Telegraph. Rep. of Lowell in the Ms. legisl. of 1852 and '5.3 ; clerk Const. Conv. of 1 853 ; and clerk Ms. legisl. since 1 862. Under the nom de plume of " Warrington," he has long been a well-known contrib. to the N. Y. Tribune, Springfield Republican, and other papers. Rodman, Gex. Thomas J., inventor of the Rodman gun, b. Ind. 1821 ; d. Rock Island, 111., 7 June, 1871. West Point, 1841. Enter- ing the ordnance dept., he became 1st lieut. 3 Mar. 1847; capt. 1 July, 1^55; maj. 1 June 1863; lieut.-col. 7 Mar. 1867; brev. col. and brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. Author of " Reports of Experiments in Metals for Cannon and Can- non-Powder," 18G1. Sargent, Aarok Auocstcs, journalist and politician, b. Newbury]iort, Ms., 28 Sept. 1827. Began as a printer in the office of the Watchman and Herald, Newburyport; accomp. Fremont to Cal.in 1846, and in 1849 settled m Nevada City; long edited the Nevada Journal ; adra. to the bar in 1 854 ; dist. atty . Nevada Co. 1855-6 ; M.C. 1861-3 and 1869-72 ; U.S. sen- ator elect for the term of 1873-9. While in Congress, he was a member of the com. on the Pacific Railroad, and drew the bill for the Western Pacific Railroad, of which enterprise he was an active and eflicient promoter. Smith, Charles H. ("Bill Arp"), hu- morist ; is a lawyer of Rome, Ga., of which city he has been mayor ; and has also been a State senator. In 1861 he began the publica- tion of his letters, which in 1866 wore collected and pub. under the title of "Bill Arp, — so called." Stockton, John P , senator, b. Princeton, N.J.,2Aug. 1826. N.J. Coll. 1843. Gr.-grand- son of Richard, the signer of the Bed. of In- dep. Adm. to the bar 1849 ; a commiss. to re- vise the laws of N. J ; subsequently reporter to the Chancery Court, and pub. 3 vols of Equi- ty Reports (1852-9) ; minister to Rome 1858- 61 ; U.S. senator 1866, and re-elected for the term 1869-75 as a Democrat. His father and grandfather were members of the U. S. senate. Strong, William, LL.D. (Lafayette Coll. 1867), assoc. judge US. Supremo Court (app. Feb. 1870), b. Somers, Ct., 6 May, 1808. Y.C. 1828. Son of Rev. Wm. L. f pastor of Som- ers 1887-31), who d. Fayetteville,N.Y.,31 Aug. 1859, a. 77. Adm. to Phila. bar 1832; prac- tised in Reading, Pa., 1832-47; M.C. 1847-51 ; judge Sup. Court of Pa. 1 857-68 ; afterwards practised in Phila. In June, 1 87 1 , he declared the U.S. income tax to be constitutional ; and 1 5 Jan. 1 872 delivered the opinion of the ma- jority of the court, affirming the constitution- ality of the Legal-tender Act of 1862. Swann, Thomas, gov. Md. 18G5-7, b. Al- exandria, Va. Educated at Col. Coll., D.C., and the U. of "Va. Studied law with his father at Washington ; app. sec. Neapolitan com- miss. ; settled in Bait, in 1834; pres. Bait, and O. R. il. Co. 1847-53; mayor of Bait. 1857-9; elected U.S. senator in 1866; declined; M.C. since 1869. Thurman, Allen G., jurist, and U.S. sen- ator for the term 1869-75, b. Lynchburg, Va., 31 Nov. 1813; removed to Ohio in 1819. Re- ceived an academic education. Adm. to the bar in 1835; M.C. 1845-7; judge Sup. Court of Ohio 1851-4; chief justice 1854-G; Domoc. candidate for gov. of Ohio 1867. Wakefield, Cvrus, an eminent public benefactor, b. Roxbury, N.H., 7 Feb. 1811. Son of James and Ilannah (Hemenway). Came to Boston ab. 1 827, and engaged in busi- ness. Originated the rattan business in this country, and discovered the process of utilizing the rattan waste. The town of Wakefield, Ms., is named for liim. Wheeler, John H., b. Murfreesliorough, N.C.,was before the civil war U.S. minister to Nicaragua, and about 1867 was app. to the bu- reau of statistics at Washington, D.C. Au- thor of "Hist. Sketches of N.C. 1584-1851," Svo, 1854 ; "History of N.C," 8vo, 1851. Wood, James F., R.C. bishop of Phila. since Jan 5, 1860, b. in that city, of Protestant parents. On taking orders in the R C Church, be was attached to the diocese of Cincinnati, and was pastor of St. Patrick's Church until consee. bishop of Antigonia, and co-adjutor of Phila. 26 May, 1857. Woodward, George W., jurist, and Democ. M.C. from Pa. 1867-73, b. Bethany, Pa., 26 Mar. 1803. Received an academic edu- cation. Studied and practised law ; member Pa. Const, Conv. 1837; pres. judge 4th jud. (list. 1841-51 ; and judge sup. judicial dist. of Pa. 1852-67. •'U.f^■? V V^ ^.a"" . " \r .0 . r*^ .♦^"V. .^"..v. k- -^^K* .0. ^./ .^"-V. >.^^" «. 0^ r':^ 0^ ^-./ .^'-v. .HO, <'. rp-.o^; 2^ ■^>. -^-0^ ^°<. J.^"'^^. -^^o^ ^"-\<^>' ''^^\ ^-^^.^ '-^^n^ •^0' .•^o. ^.;^?;^^^ 'k^. : .V 5 ifv. ^^ -^^^V .^■^^z^. :. -^i>^' 4M13 1S89 o 'i'.A mm: SI ^■i^v .^0'