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 By L. A. SIMMONS. 
 
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 ST. LOUIS . 
 
 OLIVER ADAMS & CO., PEINTERS, 16 SOUTH FIFTH STREET. 
 
 1876. 
 
.5 
 
 .53 
 
 Entered according to an act of Congress, in the year 1875, by L. A. Sim- 
 mons, in the office of tlie Librarian ol Congress, at 
 Washington. AU rights reserved. 
 
THE CENTENNIAL 
 
 lisik'sCiiiioiiaiK 
 
 CHAPTER L 
 Introduction, 
 
 Although nearly ten years ago Prof. John L. Camp- 
 bell, of Indiana, in a letter to the Hon. Morton McMichael, 
 then Mayor of Philadelphia, suggested the idea of an 
 International Exhibition of the arts, sciences and indus- 
 tries of the world, in connection with the celebration of 
 the centennial anniversary of our nation's birthday, still 
 the grand scheme did not assume a tangible and definite 
 form until, by the act of Congress of March 3, 1871, it 
 was determined that the one hundredth anniversary of 
 American Independence should be celebrated by holding 
 an International Exhibition of arts, manufactures and the 
 products of the soils and mines of the world, in the City 
 of Philadelphia, during the year A. D. , 1876. Since the 
 passage of that act, the appointment of the United 
 States Centennial Commission by the President, the invi- 
 tation to the governments and people of all nations, and 
 
4 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 tlie acceptance of tlie same very generally, tlie incorpor- 
 ation of the Centennial Board of Finance by a subsequent 
 act of Congress, the appropriations by Congress, by the 
 City Council of Philadelphia and by the Legislatures of 
 many of the States of the Union, have, through the 
 public press, become quite generally known throughout 
 the world-, and by the same means, as well as by views, 
 cuts and engravings of the Centennial Buildings, a gen- 
 eral and yet very indistinct idea has been formed of the 
 preparations which are being made for the grandest cele- 
 bration and exhibition ever held in this or in any other 
 country. And further, though it must be generally 
 known to a very largo portion of a people who are as in- 
 telligent and as proud of their nation's history and pro- 
 gress, as are the American, that the Delegates from the 
 original thirteen colonies first assembled in Philadelphia 
 and organized the Continental Congress ; that there the 
 immortal Declaration of Independence was adopted, 
 signed and promulgated ; that there the British army was 
 quartered during the memorable winter of 1777-8 ; that 
 there Franklin, Morris, Peters, Rittenhouse and other 
 prominent actors in the great drama of the revolutionary 
 struggle, which resulted in the establishment of national 
 independence, lived and died; that there * 'Articles of 
 Confederation," were adopted by the Colonial Congress, 
 in 1777 ; that there was assembled that illustrious body 
 of patriots and sages, the Constitutional Convention, 
 over whom, he who was "first in war, first in peace and 
 first in the hearts of his countrymen," the immortal 
 Washington, presided, and who, on September 17, 1787, 
 adopted that bond of perpetual Union, that bulwark of 
 
The Centennial Companion. 6 
 
 human riglits, that guarantee of civil and religious lib* 
 erty, the Constitution of the United States ; that there 
 was the seat of Government, except when forced to other 
 places during the revolutionary war, from 1774 to 1783 ; 
 that there, George Washington, first President of the 
 United States, on March 4, 1793, was inaugurated for 
 his second term, and there closed his official career and 
 delivered his farewell address, when John Adams, second 
 President of the United States, was inaugurated, March 
 4, 1797 ; that there William Penn, the founder of the 
 great Centennial City, met the Indian nations and made 
 beneath the great Elm Tree, a treaty of peace, the most 
 remarkable in the history of the world, as one whose 
 terms were never infringed, whose conditions and cove- 
 nants were never broken ; that there are gathered and 
 preserved many relics of revolutionary times, dear to 
 every American heart ; that there, in a city, the second 
 in size in America, which has miles of rectangles of 
 solid buildings, several of the finest streets on the conti- 
 nent, and which are decorated with the grandest speci- 
 mens of modern architecture ; which has libraries and 
 art collections equal, if not superior, to those of New 
 York and Boston, and whose charitable institutions stand 
 unrivalled, and that there many hundreds of thousands 
 of the people of this great nation are soon to assemble 
 to celebrate the nation's centennial birth day. Yet, al- 
 though all these things are known to the many, there are 
 thousands who reside in other and distant States who 
 have never visited the Centennial City, who, perhaps, 
 have never before passed beyond the boundaries of the 
 State of their nativity, but who are resolved to attend 
 
6 The Centennial Companion. 
 
 the great centennial celebration at Philadelphia, and vis- 
 it the immense building prepared for the International 
 Exhibition of the United States, and to them are many 
 things which are unknown, many subjects upon which 
 accurate information is earnestly desired before they start 
 upon their journey, on their arrival and especially during 
 the season they devote to the pleasures of the grand Cen- 
 tennial. Hence, several months in advance of the open- 
 ing of the International Exhibition we visited the ^'City 
 of Brotherly Love," devoted several weeks to diligent 
 inquiry and investigation, and in the following pages, in 
 our feeble way, undertake to give in Part First, a brief, 
 concise and definite description and the precise location 
 of some, but by no means all of the objects of special in- 
 terest to those who visit Philadelphia during the Centen- 
 nial year; and in Part Second, reliable and definite 
 directions how to reach the places which all visitors desire 
 to see in the city and the Centennial Grounds, so as to 
 behold all that is really worth seeing with as little ex- 
 pense and inconvenience as possible. And further, we 
 have sought to make our little work agreeable and inter- 
 esting to the many thousands who are unable to visit 
 Philadelphia next year, and who will depend upon the 
 newspapers for all they know of the grand celebration. 
 
CHAPTER n. 
 
 The City of Philadelphia, 
 
 The original site of tlie city o£ Philadelphia, as planned 
 by the Quaker Founder and surveyed by Thomas Holmes 
 in 1682, extending from the bold shores of the Delaware 
 River westward to the banks of Schuylkill, and from what 
 is now South street on the south, to Vine street on the 
 north, was a high, dry and quite nearly level tract of 
 land covered with a heavy growth of timber, and as Penn 
 himself expressed it, seemed **to have been appointed 
 for a town." 
 
 According to the intention of the worthy founder, 
 Front street, running north and south and along the 
 bluffs of the Delaware, was to be the building limit to 
 the eastward, and the descent from it to the river was to 
 be laid off in walks and lawns, so that the view of the 
 deep clear stream might never be obstructed ; but the 
 demands of commerce have long since filled this space 
 with massive ware-houses on Water street, and ferry 
 buildings and wharves, intrude upon the original current 
 of the stream. By the same original plan the city was 
 divided from east to west by a broad thoroughfare, which 
 the founder named Market street, and north and south 
 by one of extraordinary width called Broad street, and 
 at the intersection of these central avenues, there were 
 
8 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 originally four fine squares which in time came to be 
 called Center Square. This subsequently became the seat 
 of the City Water- Works, and is now the location of the 
 new City Hall, not yet completed. The streets to the 
 southward of Market, and parallel with it, upon the orig- 
 inal plat, were Chestnut, Walnut, Locust, Spruce, Pine, 
 Lombard and Cedar, now South street, while on the north, 
 they were named. Filbert, Arch, Cherry, Race and Vine. 
 Li West Philadelphia lying west of the Schuylkill, the 
 same streets and names are extended, while to the north 
 and south of the original plat, many streets are added, 
 running parallel with those of the original survey. Thus 
 north of Vine street are Callowhill, Buttonwood, Green, 
 Coates, Brown, Poplar, Beaver and George streets, 
 then Girard avenue, Thompson, Master, Jefferson and 
 Oxford streets, next Columbia avenue, Montgomery 
 avenue, then Berks, Norris and Diamond streets, Sus- 
 quehanna avenue, Dauphin, York, Cumberland and 
 Huntington streets, Lehigh avenue, Somerset, Cambria, 
 Indiana and Clearfield streets, and finally Alleghany 
 avenue — ^while to the southward we find Bainbridge, 
 Catherine, Christian and Carpenter streets, then Wash- 
 ington avenue, Federal, Wharton, Reed, Dickerson, 
 Tasker, Morris, Moore, Mifflin, McKean, Snyder, Jack- 
 son, Wolf, Ritner, Porter, Shunk, Oregon avenue, John- 
 son Bigler, Pollock, Packer, Curtin, Geary and Hartranft 
 streets. 
 
 The streets running parallel with Front street are num- 
 bered Second, Third, etc., and in West Philadelphia have 
 attained the number sixty-fourth. Broad street takes 
 the place of Fourteenth, as Front does the place of First 
 
The Centennial Companionm 9 
 
 street. And here we maj call attention to the system of 
 numbering the buildings which is of great service to the 
 stranger in determining his whereabouts in the city, 
 which consists in the correspondence between the 
 number of the street and the numbers on the build- 
 ings. Thus in starting westward up Market street from 
 Front, when you pass Second street, the first building on 
 the south side of the street is 200, the second building 
 202, and so on, but when you cross Third street, the first 
 building on the left is 300, the second 302, and so by 
 the numbers at any street, a glance at any door or build- 
 ing number by the hundreds, dropping the units and 
 tens, gives the name of the street next eastward. On 
 the streets running north and south, the city is divided 
 by Market street. Thus North Eighth street extends 
 from Market street northward, and the numbers of build- 
 ings from Market street North and South are 1, 3, 5, 
 but on crossing Chestnut to the South, or Arch to the 
 North, the numbers commence 100, 102, etc., and upon 
 crossing the next main street, commence with 200, at 
 the next 300, and so on. 
 
 The city has been continually enlarging its boundaries 
 in the period of nearly two hundred years since it was 
 laid out, now extending about twenty-three miles along 
 the Delaware River, with an average breadth of upwards 
 of five miles — and though the country over which it has 
 extended is not so level, as the plateau which was at first 
 surveyed and platted, that to the northward being cut 
 through by creeks and ravines, by a vast amount of 
 labor, ridges have been leveled and the smaller ravines 
 filled or covered over so that a general level has been 
 
10 The Centennial Companion. 
 
 attained, and the whole location is admired by all who 
 traverse its many miles of streets. Besides the streets, 
 intermingled with which there is occasionally an avenue, 
 especially in the northern part of the city, there are a 
 few partly crossing the city diagonally, — for instance 
 Ridge avenue, which leaves Vine street near the corner 
 of North Ninth street, and runs in a northwesterly direc- 
 tion past Laurel Hill Cemetery, and thence on the east- 
 ern bluff" of the Schuylkill to the city limits. 
 
 Lancaster avenue in like manner runs from the inter- 
 section of Market and Thirty- second streets, in West 
 Philadelphia, in a northwesterly direction to Hestonville, 
 and in the southern part of the city — Passyunk avenue 
 starts from near the intersection of South and South 
 Fifth streets, and leads in a southwesterly direction past 
 Moyamensing Prison to Pt. Breeze Gas Works, on the 
 Schuylkill. There are now included within the limits of 
 the city of Philadelphia nearly one hundred and thirty 
 square miles, which are traversed by more than six hun- 
 dred miles of paved streets, which are lighted by about 
 ten thousand lamps. 
 
 The population of the city has been steadily increas- 
 ing as is shown by the census returns, and it is now esti- 
 mated at eight hundred thousand. That it is deemed an 
 especially desirable place of residence, aside from the 
 facilities which it aff'ords for commerce and manufactur- 
 ing, may be considered as proven by the fact, that of its 
 140,000 buildings, all but about ten thousand are dwell- 
 ing houses, — a much larger proportion than in any city 
 in the United States. 
 
 The business houses of the city are mainly located on 
 
The Centennial Companion, 11 
 
 Chestnut, Market and Arch streets, and the streets which 
 intersect them as far back as Tenth street, and upon 
 these great thoroughfares of trade there is a constantly 
 moving mass of human beings each evidently following 
 his or her '' favorite phantom." 
 
 The wholesale business of the city is to a considerable 
 extent confined to the streets nearest the Delaware, yet 
 is in the course of years slowly advancing up Market 
 street, and forcing retail dealers into other less promi- 
 nent localities. 
 
 But the especial beauty of the city is not its palatial 
 stores, its stupendous warehouses and commercial marts, 
 nor in the architectural beauty of its numerous public 
 buildings, temples, colleges and charitable institutions, 
 though these are among the most magnificent that adorn 
 any city in the land, but in the solid blocks of three and 
 four-story brick dwellings, often with marble and brown- 
 stone fronts, with marble steps and white shutters, which 
 succeed each other in almost unbroken succession for 
 miles on many of the streets. Some of these blocks of 
 private residences apparently containing all the essentials 
 of comfort and convenience, have such an ornate and 
 artistic finish in front, that many a stranger will pause 
 for a long look upon them, as though to fasten upon the 
 tablets of memory the pleasing effect which the sight has 
 produced, to be recalled in later years. 
 
 Certainly " the Founder" had but a vague and indis- 
 tinct idea, of what the future would be of the city, which 
 he laid out upon the western bluffs of the Delaware. 
 Surely he could not have imagined that the quiet country 
 town which he planned, filled with trees and gardens and 
 
12 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 flowers, "would in less than two centuries become a great 
 commercial emporium ; in which the din and bustle of 
 trade would not cease by day or night ; in which every 
 practicable application of machinery was made use of in 
 producing the myriads of articles of necessity, luxury and 
 commerce; in which colossal structures, rivalling those 
 of the old world in solidity, durability and beauty, would 
 arise on many of the principal streets ; in which would be 
 found art collections, educational facilities, and above all 
 charitable organizations, which stand unsurpassed in the 
 world. But had he been able to foresee, what the city 
 which he founded and named would have become in less 
 than two centuries, his soul must have thrilled with joy 
 in the thought of the great and noble work which he com- 
 menced as he expressed it ' ' to afford an asylum to the 
 good and oppressed of every nation" — where all could 
 be free and happy. 
 
 Philadelphia communicates hourly with Camden on 
 the opposite side of the Delaware River, by six ferries, 
 the most important of which is the West Jersey Ferry, 
 whose boats are allotted five minutes to cross from one 
 shore to other, landing their passengers from Market 
 street, Philadelphia, in Market street, Camden. The 
 Camden and Philadelphia Ferry is next in importance, 
 connecting Market street, Philadelphia, with Federal 
 street, Camden. South of this is Kaighn's Pt. Ferry, 
 running its boats from the foot of South street, Philadel- 
 phia to Kaighn's Pt., N. J., and Gloucester Ferry, run- 
 ning from the same point to Gloucester, N. J. The 
 Camden and Atlantic Ferry connects the foot of Vine 
 street with State street in Camden, and from the foot of 
 
The Centennial Companion* 13 
 
 Shackamaxon street, Kensington, a line of ferrj-boats 
 run to North Camden. 
 
 Along the Delaware front of the city, are the wharves 
 of the several lines of steamships, viz. : the American 
 line and Inman line, which run from Philadelphia to 
 Liverpool, theKed Star line which runs to Antwerp, the 
 Clyde's line, which has sixty steamers running coastwise 
 and to the West Indies, and the Ericsson line, which 
 has ten propellers running to Baltimore and New York. 
 
 Besides these there are several beautiful river steam- 
 ers, whose wharves are between Chestnut and Arch 
 streets, some of which daily start for points up and down 
 the river. Below the foot of Walnut street, we find the 
 wharves of the Southern Mail Steamship line, and of the 
 Albany, Providence and Boston lines. Besides the large 
 number of sea-going vessels and oyster boats constantly 
 lying at the wharves, and which are especially attractive 
 to the visitors to Philadelphia, who come from the cen- 
 tral and Western States, most, if not all will find many 
 objects of especial interest at the Navy Yard formerly 
 located at the foot of Federal and Wharton streets, but 
 which is now removed by the U. S. Government, to 
 League Island, still further down the river. Here are 
 moored several of the Monitors, which were used during 
 the late war, on the Potomac and other southern rivers, 
 and the iron-clads used in reducing Ft. Sumter, Ft. Pick- 
 ens, and the fortifications of Mobile Bay. The lofty and 
 spacious buildings of the old Navy Yard have recently 
 been taken down and the improvements being made at 
 League Island, at Government expense, will occupy the 
 attention of almost any visitor an entire daj. 
 
14 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 An American city, of the size and importance of Phil- 
 adelphia, whose commercial and manufacturing interests 
 are so truly enormous, would be the wonder of this pro- 
 gressive age, if it was not the center of a gigantic system 
 of railroads, extending, if not directly, by its connections 
 to every city of the Union. If this great and growing 
 city had only the Pennsylvania Railroad, which has a 
 terminus in all the great cities of the nation, it would not 
 be lacking in this essential element of progress and pros- 
 perity ; but it has six others of minor importance. 
 
 In saying this we speak disparagingly of none, but 
 the immense wealth of the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- 
 pany, and the inimitable, not to say marvelous ability, 
 enterprise and energy of its present President, Col. 
 Thomas A. Scott, are very well understood throughout 
 the whole country, as is also the fact that it wields an 
 influence well-nigh irresistible wherever it extends its 
 lines or establishes its connections. Owning two thous- 
 and miles of road, possessing a capital of nearly 
 $200,000,000, having workshops which cover an area of 
 five hundi'ed acres with its thousands of passenger and 
 freight cars, it is needless to say it does more business 
 than any corporation in America. The principal pass- 
 enger depot of the Pennsylvania Railroad is on the north 
 side of Market street, between Thirtieth and Thirty- Second 
 street, in West Philadelphia, but its immense freight 
 business is done at the massive granite building situ- 
 ated at the corner of Willing's alley on the east side of 
 Fourth street, below Walnut. A better idea can be 
 formed of the stupendous business done by this company 
 by a visit to this depot, than from any possible descrip- 
 
The Centennial Companion. 15 
 
 tion. The Philadelphia & Reading R. R. Company, 
 whose passenger depot is at the corner of Callowhill 
 and Thirteenth streets, have a fine brown stone freight 
 depot on the north side of Willing's alley. This is also 
 an opulent company, and the depots only separated by 
 Willing's alley, are among the finest in the whole 
 country. 
 
 The North Pennsylvania Railroad has a passenger 
 depot at the corner of Berks and American streets. The 
 West Chester and Philadelphia Railroad depot is at the 
 corner of Chestnut and Thirty-First streets. The Balti- 
 more & Ohio Railroad depot, and the Philadelphia, Wil- 
 mington & Baltimore Railroad depot are at the corner of 
 Broad street and Washington avenue, in the southern 
 part of .the city. The Germantown depot is located at 
 Ninth and Green streets. Kensington depot, the ter- 
 minus of one branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 
 the city, is at the corner of Front and Berks streets. 
 
 Passengers wishing to leave the city by the West 
 Jersey Railroad, or by the Amboy Division of the Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad, take the West Jersey ferryboat at the 
 foot of Market street, and passengers wishing to leave 
 upon the Camden & Atlantic Railroad, will take the ferry- 
 boat at the foot of Vine street — -the passenger depots of 
 these railroads being in Camden. 
 
 We must confess our disappointment in not finding in 
 the city a grand central railroad depot, in which the 
 traveler could take the cars for the West, North or South. 
 
 The city of Philadelphia was not tardy in adopting 
 the modern and convenient mode of transit afforded by 
 street cars, and line aft-er line has been established, until 
 
16 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 a track has been laid in the centre of its principal streets; 
 and any one who visits the city has only to understand 
 the location and termini of the several lines to find a 
 speedy and pleasant means of traversing the entire city 
 and its suburbs. Several of the street car lines take their 
 names from the streets upon which they are laid, and 
 this at once directs the traveler as to what cars he should 
 take to reach the locality he has in view. The name of 
 the lines are upon all the cars, and the destination or 
 terminus of the line, generally. 
 
 In Paut Second we give the name of all these lines, 
 and full and explicit directions for reaching depots, 
 hotels, etc. 
 
 We cannot close our brief, description of the Centen- 
 nial City, without a word as to its public squares. Ac- 
 cording to the original design of the Founder^ there 
 were to be five public squares in the beautiful country 
 town on the banks of the Delaware. 
 
 The Central, known in early times as Centre Square, 
 was at the intersection of Market and Broad streets, and 
 besides the width of the streets, was composed of a 
 smaller square taken from the corner of the four con- 
 tiguous blocks. We have no account of this square ever 
 having been fenced, or in any way improved, until the 
 City Water Works were erected upon it in 1789. Within 
 thirty years the capacity of these works became entirely 
 inadequate to supply the wants of the city, and those 
 upon the Schuylkill were constructed, since which time 
 the buildings on the old square have been used for a 
 variety of purposes until recently removed, and in the 
 
The Centennial Companion, 17 
 
 course of three or four years the magnificent new City 
 Hall and its courts will occupy the whole square. 
 
 Washington Square, which lies between Sixth and Sev- 
 enth streets, with a north front upon Walnut street, was 
 used as a Potter's field from 1704 to 1795, and was not 
 fenced in and improved until 1815. It has a circle of 
 about eighty feet in diameter in the centre, surrounded 
 by a broad gravel walk, upon which it was designed some 
 forty years ago to erect a monument to Washington, but 
 since the laying of the first corner stone, nothing has 
 been done, and yet it is said the original design has not 
 been abandoned, but will be carried into execution when 
 sufficient funds have been accumulated. The square is 
 surrounded by a high iron fence, is laid off with broad 
 curving gravel walks, and the intervening grass plats, 
 four of which are circles, are set with elm, ash, oak, 
 sycamore and other forest trees, many of which are more 
 than a foot in diameter and fifty feet in height. Along 
 the walks are settees to accommodate a portion of the 
 myriads who flock hither in search of fresh air and shade 
 during the heat of summer. 
 
 Eranklin Square is situated directly north of Wash- 
 ington Square, between Race and Vine streets. It is 
 traversed by gravel walks, and has in the center a circle 
 of nearly the same dimensions as the one in Washington 
 Square, surrounded by a low iron fence, and within this 
 a small circle raised some three feet within a granite 
 wall, in which is a central and four smaller fountains. 
 The area between the walk around the fountains, and 
 the iron fence of the larger circle is set with shrubbery 
 and flowers, giving the whole a very neat and tasteful 
 
 2 
 
18 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 appearance. The fence, trees, seats, etc., are so nearly 
 like those o£ Washington Square that further description 
 is unnecessary. 
 
 Logan Square lies directly west from Franklin Square, 
 between North Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets. Its 
 walks are entirely diJBferent from those of the above de- 
 scribed squares, a broad gravel walk passing through the 
 center from east to west and parallel with this toward the 
 north and south sides, about two rods from the high iron 
 fence, are walks of nearly the same width ; and upon the 
 east and west sides, about one- third of the way from the 
 fence to the centre, are similar walks. On both north and 
 south sides of the center are large uninclosed circles 
 surrounded by like gravel walks, and in the exact center a 
 lofty flagstaff, from which streams the flag of our country 
 on all public occasions. The trees in this square are of 
 the same kind and size as in the other squares, but being 
 set along the borders of the straight walks, extending 
 entirely across the square, they give the walks some- 
 what the appearance of an avenue arched with the over- 
 reaching branches. This square is mainly surrounded 
 by magnificent blocks of private residences, and the most 
 striking feature of its surroundings are the stupendous 
 brown-stone Cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul, which 
 stands across the street east of the southeast corner, 
 and the Academy of Natural Sciences, a building of 
 greenish gray stone of peculiar architecture, which is 
 south of the southwest corner of the square. 
 
 Rittenhouse Square is directly west of Washington 
 Square, fi'onting to the north on Walnut street, and be- 
 tween Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets. It is laid off 
 
The Centennial Companion, 19 
 
 diJBfefently from tlie other squares, having a broad gravel 
 walk within a few feet of the outside fence, in the center 
 is a circular grass plat about eighty feet in diameter, en- 
 circled by a gravel walk about twenty feet in width, and 
 mid-way between this circular walk and the sidewalks 
 is another broad circular walk, while the walks from 
 the corners and sides of the square lead directly to 
 the small circle in the center. Beautiful fountains adorn 
 each of the corners, except the southwest. The trees 
 are much like those in the other squares, though not 
 quite so large, and we notice that there is a greater 
 number of horse chestnuts than any other variety. Like 
 the others, the beautiful, green, closely mown grass 
 plats, the seats for the weary, the well kept walks and 
 the abundance of forest trees command the admiration of 
 all visitors, but the especial charm of this square is its 
 elegant fountains. This square is mainly surrounded by 
 blocks of beautiful residences. One of marble opposite 
 the northwest corner, and the symmetrical brown stone 
 block to the eastward, on the north side of the square, 
 especially claim commendation. On the west side of 
 Nineteenth street, west of the northwest corner of this 
 square, the Holy Trinity Episcopal Church, a beautiful 
 and majestic brown stone building with gothic steeple, 
 will receive the rapt attention of ail who visit this lovely 
 square. 
 
 Jefferson Square is situated toward the southeastern 
 part of the city, between Third and Fourth streets, Wash- 
 ington avenue and Federal street. It has an entrance 
 upon each side and at each corner, a circular plat in the 
 center, around which is a broad gravel walk, from which 
 
20 The Centennial Coffipanion, 
 
 walks lead directly to the sides, while those toward the 
 corners curve so as to form a nearly heart-shaped plat 
 between the center and each corner. The trees are wil- 
 low, ash, maple, horse chestnut and aspen, and the square 
 is not embellished by fountains or shrubbery. Good 
 blocks of residences are upon the north, east and south , 
 sides, and a large foundry on the west. 
 
 The public squares of Philadelphia were named in 
 honor of Washington, the Father of his Country, Jef- 
 ferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, 
 and Franklin, the philosopher, sage and statesman, as a 
 just tribute to their memory and in commemoration of 
 the invaluable services* rendered by each to their heloved 
 country. Logan Square was so named in honor of 
 James Logan, the confidential friend, agent and coun- 
 selor of William Penn, and for a long period in the early 
 history of the city, one of its most prominent and honored 
 citizens. Rittenhouse Square, in like manner, perpetu- 
 ates the memory of David Rittenhouse, the distinguished 
 astronomer, mechanic, scholar and statesman, who was 
 born in what is now a portion of Fairmount Park, and 
 passed his whole life, which was devoted to science and 
 the well-being of his fellow-citizens, in the city of 
 * 'Brotherly Love." 
 
CHAPTER m. 
 
 Objects of Historical Interest, 
 
 At tlie end of an alley or court leading south from 
 Chestnut street, between Third and Fourth streets, stands 
 a plain, old-style building, in which on the fifth day of 
 September, A. D., 1774, the delegates from the Thir- 
 teen oppressed Colonies met, selected Peyton Ptandolph 
 of .Virginia, their President, and proceeded to discuss 
 the means of redress for their many grievances. Here 
 Patrick Henry, John Adams and a score of their immor- 
 tal compeers dared boldly to advocate an absolute and 
 perpetual separation from the mother country, and by 
 their solid reasoning and persuasive eloquence inspired the 
 glorious idea of independence in the hearts of their coun- 
 trymen. Truly Carpenter^s Hall must be a place dear 
 to the heart of every patriotic American citizen, for here 
 was hewn the first stone for our majestic Temple of 
 Liberty. The building was nearly fifty years old at the 
 time it was occupied by the Continental Congress, and 
 though in it a portion of the British Army were quartered 
 during the memorable winter of 1777-8, and in 1791 it 
 became the first bank of the United States, and has dur- 
 ing the last sixty years been used for judicial, benevo- 
 lent and educational purposes, it is still in a good state 
 of repair, and its general appearance is undoubtedly 
 
22 TliP. Centennial Companion. 
 
 very little different from wliat it was on the day when the 
 first Congress of the Thirteen Colonies here convened. 
 The chairs used by that assembly, its original journal of 
 proceedings, and many yellow time- tinged documents, 
 and invaluable relics of the revolutionary period are here 
 preserved. 
 
 In the main chamber, over the President's platform are 
 inscribed these memorable words — '' Within these walls, 
 Henry, Hancock and Adams, inspired the delegates of 
 the colonies, with Nerve and Sinew for the Toils of war," 
 and over the main entrance beneath an arch of thirteen 
 globes, the words, "" The Nation's Birth-place," are dis- 
 played by means of gas jets, as if to fix with brilliant 
 light the historic name of the ancient hall, upon .the 
 minds of all who make a pilgrimage to this Mecca of 
 America. 
 
 Next in historic importance to Carpenter's Hall is the 
 venerable State House ^ of which a part is the revered 
 Hall of Independence, The north fiont of this time- 
 honored building is upon Chestnut street, between Fifth 
 and Sixth streets, and the south front is toward Inde- 
 pendence Square. In external appearance this building is 
 antique and by no means attractive, but its interior dec- 
 orations, considering they were executed nearly one hun- 
 dred and fifty years ago, and in a new country, are re- 
 markably ornate and beautiful. The eastern chamber of 
 this building, is the portion which must be approached and 
 entered by every truly loyal American, with feelings of 
 deepest veneration, for here assembled that Continental 
 Congress which determined that the only positive and com- 
 plete redress which could be secured from the repeated and 
 
The Centennial Companion, 23 
 
 flagrant wrongs, inflicted by tlie English Government upon 
 the thirteen colonies, was an absolute and final separation ; 
 that taxation without representation was unjust and 
 tyrannical, and that all political relations with England 
 should be severed. In this chamber was the committee, 
 composed of Jefi'erson, Adams, Livingston, Franklin and 
 Sherman, appointed to prepare a declaration of American 
 independence ; hero that committee reported that most 
 perfect declaration of human rights, the immortal Declar- 
 ation of Independence, here it was debated, finally 
 adopted and signed by that noble and ever-to-be revered 
 band of patriot statesmen, and here on the 4th of July, 
 1776, it was promulgated to the enthusiastic and devoted 
 people of the thirteen colonies. 
 
 The appearance of this chamber as it was a century ago 
 has been zealously retained. The chair in which John 
 Hancock as presiding officer sat, and the table upon 
 which the glorious charter of American freedom and in- 
 dependence was signed stand upon a dais at the east end 
 of the hall. The portraits of forty out of fifty-six of 
 the illustrious signers of the declaration, painted by 
 Peale, Inman Stuart and Sully, most appropriately orna- 
 ment the walls, while the same chandelier which was in 
 use upon our nation's birth- day still hangs in the center 
 A the hall, and a splendid statue of Washington by Rush 
 stands in the northwest corner of this sanctuary of equal 
 rights. 
 
 In this hall also, on the 14th day of May, A. D., 1787, 
 assembled the delegates from twelve of the thirteen origi- 
 nal United Colonies and organized the Constitutional Con- 
 vention by selecting George Washington, President, and 
 
24 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 William Jackson, Secretary. Here under the lead of 
 Madison, Hamilton and others, was prepared by that dis- 
 tinguished conclave of sages, patriots and statesmen, 
 that Bond of Perpetual Union, the glorious Consti- 
 tution of the United States, under which our Government 
 has grown, developed and prospered until we have be- 
 come one of the great nations of the world, under which 
 it has been fully demonstrated that the American people 
 are capable of self-government, that the republican form 
 of government can withstand the shocks of sedition, se- 
 cession and civil war, as well as any form of monarchy, 
 and that it is not only the best, but one of the most sub- 
 stantial of all the governments on earth. And here, in 
 this revered old hall, on the 17th of September, 1787, the 
 constitution was adopted and signed, and the President 
 of the Convention was directed to lay it before the Pre- 
 sident of Congress, as organized under the articles of 
 confederation. How often have the wisest and best men 
 our country has ever produced been assembled here ? 
 
 The western chamber of the old State House, now 
 styled the "National Museum," contains precious relics, 
 commemorative of the early history of the city and State, 
 as well as of events which transpired during the long and 
 terrible struggle of the revolutionary patriots to secure 
 our national independence. Among which may be 
 mentioned a chair owned by William Penn and subse- 
 quently by James Logan, the chairs of the colonial jus- 
 tices, Franklin's bedside table, the original charter of 
 Philadelphia, an original stamp, imposed under the cele- 
 brated British stamp Act of 1765, the flag of the first 
 regiment of Pennsylvania militia, relief of the battle of 
 
The Centennial Companion* 25 
 
 Germantown, and hundreds more which are eminently 
 suggestive to every student of American history. 
 
 In the hall of the lower story of the venerable State 
 House, inclosed in an iron net-work to protect it from 
 the constant and ruthless attacks of relic-gatherers stands 
 the old hell upon its original heavy wooden supports, 
 which in the times of the Colonial Congress was in the 
 steeple, and which was rung on July 4, 1776, to an- 
 nounce the completion of the grand and glorious work, 
 upon which the patriot sages sitting in the eastern cham- 
 ber had been for weeks engaged. It bears the inscrip- 
 tion, ^^ Proclaim liberty throughout all the land, unto all 
 the inhabitants thereof," and is now sacredly preserved 
 as a relic of the proclamation it made, of the existence 
 of a new, now a mighty nation. 
 
 Around Independence Hall, the shrine of civil and re- 
 ligious liberty, to which hundreds of thousands of loyal 
 American citizens will come a few months hence, there 
 lingers an incense of patriotism and philanthropy which 
 every soul must inhale during the Centennial year, and 
 we can hope that the sublime truths of the great declara- 
 tion will be more deeply impressed upon every mind, 
 more reverently treasured in every heart, and that there- 
 by a more perfect guaranty of the immutability of our 
 noble political institutions, may be handed down to our 
 latest posterity. 
 
 In front of the revered old State House, upon a mas- 
 sive granite pedestal, stands a beautiful marble statue of 
 Washington, and in the rear of the same building cover- 
 ing the remainder of the block, not occupied by the State 
 House, is Independence Square^ connected with which 
 
26 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 are many incidents of peculiar historic interest, two of 
 which we cannot forbear to mention. 
 
 Here in October, 1773, a great mass meeting of the 
 citizens of Philadelphia was held, to consider what meas- 
 ures should be adopted to prevent the East India Tea 
 Company^ acting in collusion with the British ministry, 
 from forcing upon the good people of the city a large 
 quantity of tea, which the colonies, on account of an 
 odious duty imposed thereon, had refused to import, and 
 here the multitude resolved to make a determined resis- 
 tance to the importation. On the following Christmas 
 day about ten thousand citizens assembled, and gave no- 
 tice to Captain Ayers, who had command of a tea-ship a 
 few miles down the river, ^^ immediately to make the 
 best of his way out of our river and bay," with which 
 strong request we are informed, he speedily complied. 
 
 But from a more important incident the square takes 
 its name. On the 8th day of July, 1776, four days 
 after the signing of the Declaration of Independence, a 
 vast concourse of enthusiastic people here assembled, and 
 by repeated shouts of applause interrupted the reading of 
 the Declaration, by John Nixon ; and we have read that 
 the enthusiasm of the people on that occasion arose to such 
 a pitch, that they proceeded to destroy every insignia of 
 British authority in the city, and also that the discharges 
 of cannon, the building of bonfires and the ringing of 
 bells, ''all demonstrated the joy of the people." If 
 patriotic enthusiasm was so full of joy, in a season when 
 war was impending between weak colonies and a pow- 
 erful nation ; when every man who espoused the cause of 
 freedom, was liable to be hanged as a rebel •, when the 
 
The Centennial Coinpanion, 27 
 
 liberty-loving people as did the immortal signers of tlie 
 glorious Declaration of Independence, pledged *Ulieir 
 lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor," for the 
 maintainance of the principles 'therein enunciated, well- 
 knowing that it was a contest between the weak in the 
 cause of right, and the strong in the cause of wrong ; how 
 joyful must be the enthusiasm of the representatives of 
 a people now numbering over forty millions, powerful 
 among the greatest nations of earth, united after a ter- 
 rible internecine war, and at peace with the whole world, 
 when they assemble on and about this square on July 4, 
 1876. 
 
 This square was for a long period neglected, and ex- 
 cept a few large elms, has neither trees nor shrubbery. 
 It has fine lawns and gravel walks , and at the present 
 writing is being put in an excellent state of repair, the 
 approaches from the streets, above whose level it is raised 
 about four feet, being widened and improved with new 
 granite steps. 
 
 Upon the southwest corner of Front and Market 
 streets, stands an antique brick building, with steep 
 ''hip roof," which is a remnant of the "Old London 
 CorFBE House," of ante-revolutionary times. More 
 than a hundred years ago it was a popular place of resort, 
 where those holding the highest official positions in the 
 colony, the leading merchants, the belles and beaux of 
 the city, came to enjoy a social hour over a fragrant, 
 but not intoxicating, cup of genuine coffee, not one 
 prepared with any of the extracts or vile compounds of 
 the present day. On the north side of the building may 
 now be seen the words, "Established in 1725 ;" below in 
 
28 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 large black letters, * ^Tobacco," and across tbe second 
 story, ^'segars, snuff, pipes." 
 
 A little further up Market street, upon the west side 
 of an alley, which bears the name of Letitia Court 
 (named in honor of the daughter of the ^'Founder"), 
 stands an old two -story brick building, said to be the 
 oldest brick building in the city, which tradition says was 
 the first residence of William Penn. It still bears the 
 sign of ^'Wm. Penn Hotel," but those who are curious 
 enough to enter will find only an ordinary lager beer 
 saloon. 
 
 Perhaps no incident in the early history of our nation 
 has been more indelibly impressed upon the minds of all 
 in * 'childhood's sunny years," than the remarkable 
 treaty made by William Penn with the Indians beneath 
 the shade of a giant elm on the banks of the Delaware, a 
 treaty which stands without a parallel in the history of 
 nations, and thousands during the Centennial year will 
 visit the famous Treaty Ground. 
 
 It will be found upon the river front in Kensington, at 
 the corner of Beech and Hanover streets, surrounded by 
 huge piles of lumber. Only a plain obelisk upon a lime- 
 stone pedestal, beneath the shade of an elm, probably a 
 lineal descendent of the famous one formerly standing 
 upon this spot, when the Venerable Quaker met the In- 
 dian Chiefs in peaceful council, and established that 
 friendship which has remained unbroken to the present 
 day, marks the revered spot of such traditionary and 
 historical interest. Upon the four sides of the gray 
 stone shaft, which stands as a monument to the justice, 
 wisdom and philanthropy of the illustrious Priend, are 
 
The Centennial Companion. 29 
 
 tlie following inscriptions : ^'Treaty Ground of William 
 Penn and the Indian Nation, 1682. Unbroken FaitL" 
 ^'William Penn. Born, 1644 ;, died, 1718." ^'Placed 
 by tbe Penn Society, A. D., 1827, to mark the site of 
 the Great Elm Tree," and "Pennsylvania founded 1681, 
 by deeds of Peace." 
 
 Upon the east side of Independence Square, adjoining 
 the east wing of the old State House, is a plain old build- 
 ing, the first floor of which is occupied by the Common 
 Pleas Court, and the second by the Jlmerican Philo- 
 sophical Society^ an association which owes its origin 
 to the influence of Benjamin Franklin, nearly one hun- 
 dred and fifty years ago. Beginning with his ^'Junto^^ 
 of only twelve members, who met for mutual improve- 
 ment, after several years the organization was, upon 
 Franklin's suggestion, enlarged, but this gradually de- 
 clined until 1780, when a union was formed with another 
 literary society, which had an existence nearly thirty 
 years, and the present "Afnerican Philosophical 
 Society for Promoting Useful Knowledge ^^^ was in- 
 corporated, and has ever since 1789 occupied this build- 
 ing. This society now has a library of about twenty 
 thousand volumes, a cabinet of ancient coins and a dis- 
 play of relics which must delight every antiquarian, the 
 most remarkable of which, in our estimation, is the orig- 
 inal draft of the Declaration of Independence as prepared 
 by Thomas Jefferson, containing the clause concerning 
 property in slaves, which the Continental Congress did 
 themselves the everlasting honor to strike out before they 
 finally adopted and signed their wonderful epitome of 
 political truth. 
 
80 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 But a short distance down Fifth street and fronting 
 Independence Square, is a plain, brick building, its front 
 only relieved by four marble pilasters, small marble 
 columns on each side of the entrance, and in a niche 
 above the entrance a fine statue of Franklin, which is 
 owned and occupied by the Philadelphia Library 
 Company. This Library, founded by Benjamin Frank- 
 lin, Thomas Hopkinson, Thomas Cadwallader and others 
 in 1731, now contains over 100,000 volumes, and a 
 myriad of ancient and revolutionary relics, and hours 
 may be pleasantly and profitably devoted to the bare ex- 
 amination of its busts, paintings, cabinets and labyrinth 
 of alcoves, all containing the materialized brain- work of 
 ages. 
 
 At the southeast corner of Fifth and Arch streets, en- 
 closed by an ancient brick wall, is the ''Old Christ Church 
 Burial Ground," in which have long since mingled with 
 mother earth the mortal remains of many of the most dis- 
 tinguished men of colonial and revolutionary times. 
 Here is the last resting place of Peyton Randolph, Fran- 
 cis Hopkinson, Gen. Charles Lee and many others, whose 
 names are conspicuous upon the pages of our national his- 
 tory. Near the northwest corner, beneath a plain marble 
 slab, with only a slight moulding, is the dust of the great 
 philosopher, patriot and philanthropist, Benjamin Frank- 
 lin, and his wife Deborah. Only their names and the 
 date, 1790, appear upon these singular memorial stones. 
 Beside this is a companion stone covering the grave of 
 their daughter Sarah, and her husband Richard Bache. 
 These graves were not visable from the street (Arch), on 
 account of the height of the wall, until a few years since, 
 
The Centennial Companion* 31 
 
 when, in compliance with the public demand, a portion of 
 the wall beside them was removed, and a substantial iron 
 fence constructed its place, through which hundreds 
 upon this busy avenue of trade, hourly glance in pass- 
 ing, and many daily stop to gaze long and reverently 
 upon the grave of the illustrious printer, sage and states- 
 man, whose name is not only prominent in the history of 
 the age in which he lived, but appears in connection with 
 nearly every literary, scientific or benevolent enterprise 
 undertaken during his life time, by the city of his adop- 
 tion. It is to be regretted that his singular and sug- 
 gestive epitaph, written by himself and found among his 
 papers after his decease, does not appear on the severely 
 plain slab which covers his mortal remains. 
 
 Upon the block which is bounded by Eighth and Ninth, 
 Spruce and Pine streets, stands a cluster of buildings 
 which strike the beholder, especially upon Pine street, as 
 unique, and in some way remarkable, for their substantial 
 architecture seems to denote their erection in a former 
 century. They are the famous Philadelphia Hospital, 
 and were built partly in 1755 and in part in 1796. The 
 entire square in which they stand, except a space in the 
 Pine street front, is surrounded by a massive brick wall, 
 and the grounds are ever kept in an excellent state of 
 repair. The bronze statue of William Penn, presented 
 by his grandson in 1801, stands in the lawn between the 
 central building and Pine street. The building in the 
 center, on the Spruce street front, is now occupied by 
 the Pennsylvania Historical Society, which has a 
 large and very valuable library, a gallery of historical 
 pictures and portraits, many rare engravings and precious 
 
32 . The Centennial Companion, 
 
 manuscripts. Here, also, may be seen many relics of 
 great interest, among which we have only space to men- 
 tion George Washington's Parisian writing desk, the 
 Royal Arms of England, and the "Great Belt of Wam- 
 pum," delivered to William Penn by the Indian Chiefs 
 at the treaty of 1688, under the great elm tree in Ken- 
 sington. 
 
 On the west side of Second street, above Market street, 
 stands the most venerable church edifice in the city, 
 known as "Old Christ Church." It was established as 
 early as 1695 in a one-story log house, and the present 
 building was erected about the year 1730. The first 
 general convention of the Protestant Episcopal denomin- 
 ation of this United States, was held in this church in 
 1789, and here Washington, Eranklin, Morris, Penn, 
 Ashton and many others, whose names are conspicuous 
 in the annals of our country, were wont to worship. The 
 chime of "Old Christ Church" bells, cast in London in 
 1755, and the first, with a single exception, ever brought 
 to this country, now ring out as sweetly upon the air of 
 a quiet Sabbath morning, as they did in the years when 
 they summoned the immortal Washington and his com- 
 peers to the services of the sanctuary. 
 
 Several objects of historical interest are to be found 
 at Fairmount Park, and will be incidentally referred to 
 in our description of that extensive and attractive place 
 of resort, in our next chapter. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Fairmount Park and the Centennial Grounds, 
 
 The selection of Philadelphia as the place of celebra- 
 ting the one hundredth anniversary of our national inde- 
 pendence by an international exhibition of the arts, 
 sciences, industries and products of the world, was most 
 appropriate, wise and fortunate. Most proper, because 
 Philadelphia was the nation's birth-place, most wise, 
 because by this selection all the sectional feelings exist- 
 ing in different parts of the Union were most readily 
 overcome, if not annihilated, and most fortunate, be- 
 cause this city possessed grounds more suitable for such 
 an exhibition and celebration than any in America. 
 Fairmount Park, we find by comparison, is the largest 
 public pleasure ground within the limits of, or adjacent 
 to any city in the world, containing about 8,000 acres, 
 while the largest in Europe (the Prater, at Vienna) 
 does not exceed 2,500 acres, and the second largest in 
 America has less than one thousand acres. Fairmount 
 Park is situated in the northwestern portion of the city, 
 upon both sides of the Schuylkill, the larger part being 
 on the west side, and along this beautiful stream, which 
 has been extolled in romance and song since the first 
 white man traced its winding course, it extends more 
 than seven miles, and up the Wissahickon, a creek which 
 
 8 
 
34 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 empties into it, nearly as far, making the whole length 
 almost fourteen miles. Besides the Schuylkill, which is 
 nearly a quarter of a mile in width within the Park 
 limits, and the romantic Wissahickon, there are a score 
 oP smaller streams which flow through or out of it. About 
 one hundred springs are to be found in its dells or hill- 
 sides, and it contains almost every possible variety of 
 scenery — broad lawns and rocky ravines, dense woods and 
 open fields, hills, dales, islands and meadows. It takes 
 its name from the hill, formerly a rocky summit, hardly 
 a mountain, on the east side of the Schuylkill, now its 
 southern limit, and tradition recites that the ^'' Founder^^ 
 had in view a residence upon this elevated spot, about 
 the time he planned the city. Certain it is he had a 
 vineyard planted upon its side, and had he become a 
 permanent resident in this country, we can readily be- 
 lieve he would have erected here a mansion, and have 
 laid oft' walks and lawns, bordered by shrubbery and 
 flowers, in accordance with his peculiar and aesthetic 
 tastes. 
 
 We have been unable to discover any trace of a de- 
 sign on the part of the '^Founder" or the citizens of 
 Philadelphia, during the last century, to secure the 
 grounds now known as "Fair mount Park^^'* for the 
 purposes to which they are now applied ; but like many 
 other noble enterprises, the scheme seems to have orig- 
 inated in the necessity for a more abundant supply of 
 pure water than was afibrded by the water works early 
 established in Center Square. In the year 1811, Fred- 
 erick Graeff", who planned the water works of the present 
 day, suggested Fairmount as the most suitable location 
 
The Centennial Companion, 35 
 
 for distributing water to the citj, and in 1819 the dam 
 was built across the Schuylkill river, and shortly there- 
 after a row of marble pumping houses were erected at 
 the foot of Fairniount hill. It soon became evident 
 that the stream above the dam must be sequestered or 
 secured from ordinary uses, or there would be innumer- 
 able impurities in the water provided for the city's daily 
 use, and hence we find, under the authority granted by 
 the city, the Park Commissioners speedily began to en- 
 large its boundaries by the acquisition of the lands upon 
 both sides of the river, including some estates which had 
 been held by familes almost from the settlement of the 
 country, until the portion of the Park bordering on the 
 Schuylkill contained over two thousand acres. These 
 were purchased in part at public expense, but we are in- 
 formed the enterprise was very generously aided by con- 
 tributions made by numerous wealthy citizens. Among 
 the earlier acquisitions we must notice, was Lemon Hill, 
 where, in revolutionary times, was the lovely home of 
 the greatest financier of his age, Robert Morris. Here, 
 Washington, Franklin, Adams, Hancock, Dickerson, 
 Peters and many of the signers of the Declaration of 
 Independence and officers of the army of the Revolution, 
 were accustomed to visit the man, whose individual notes 
 passed current throughout the Colonies, though he issued 
 them to more than a million of dollars in amount, and 
 yet punctually met all as they matured ; whose means 
 furnished to a great extent the supplies of the army dur- 
 ing the long-continued war of the Revolution, without 
 which even Washington would have been powerless, the 
 army have been scattered to their homes and the Declar- 
 
36 The Centennial Companion. 
 
 ation of Independence would have passed into history as 
 the incendiary proclamation of a band of rebels. His 
 noble estate is now the property of the public, and the 
 thousands who take delight in wandering through these 
 lovely grounds, should, if truly patriotic, fervently recall 
 the inestimable services rendered to the country by the 
 noble, and afterwards unfortunate patriot who furnished 
 the sinews of the war of independence. 
 
 Sedgely Park, a tract of thirty- four acres was pur- 
 chased with contributions and presented to the city as an 
 addition to Fairmount Park, and in furtherance of the 
 scheme to make the water of the Schuylkill pure and 
 wholesome. 
 
 The Lansdown estate, once owned by the Penn fam- 
 ily on the west side of the river, containing two hundred 
 acres, and some of the most delightful grounds of the 
 whole park was another very important addition. Bel- 
 mont, also a fine estate, and very highly improved more 
 than a hundred years ago, forms one of the most beauti- 
 ful sections of the great park. Here Richard Peters, the 
 intimate and beloved friend of Washington, who was 
 Secretary of the Board of War during the revolution, a 
 Representative in Congress, and finally a Judge of the 
 U. S. District Court for nearly forty years, was born, 
 here entertained many of the most eminent men of the 
 last and the early part of the present century, and hero 
 died in 1828, at the ripe old age of eighty-four years. 
 The view from the hall- door of .the old Peters mansion 
 may be described only as one of the loveliest upon the 
 continent. (See Syckelmoore's Handbook of Philadel- 
 phia. ) Mount Prospect, on the west side, and estates on 
 
The Centennial Companion. 87 
 
 the east side of the river formerly known as Fountain 
 Green, Mt. Pleasant, Rockland, Edgely and probably 
 others have been from time to time added until Eair- 
 mount Park is not only the largest in the world, if we 
 except Windsor Forest and Epping Forest in England ; 
 and for diversity and loveliness of scenery, is without a 
 rival on the face of earth. It is estimated that the park 
 contains over 100,000 trees, and 200,000 hard wood, 
 shrubs and vines, most of which are indigeneous, though 
 some foreign varieties are to be noticed. 
 
 To attempt to describe its many miles of walks and 
 drives, and call attention to its many picturesque and 
 striking beauties is a task which we feel quite incom- 
 petent to undertake. It is enough to say that nature 
 seems to have here made her grandest effort to charm all 
 beholders, and that if ever wealth is lavished upon its im- 
 provements, as it doubtless will be ere another century 
 passes by, it will surely become the most attractive and 
 lovely of all pleasure-grounds on the face of the globe. 
 In passing we may say that as the Commissioners in 
 years past have endeavored to retain the old mansions 
 and adjoining grounds in nearly the same condition, as 
 when occupied by the original owners, we hope and trust 
 they will in future preserve the relics of the revolution- 
 ary period, the remnant of primeval forest, and especially 
 the wildly grand and wonderfully romantic panorama 
 diversifying the legendary banks of the Wissahickon. 
 
 Of the works of Art which adorn this noble park, we 
 could call attention to Leda and the Swan, the statue of 
 Justice, the statue of Wisdom and the Graeff Memorial ; 
 next to " The Indian^^ (roughly cut in wood.) The 
 
38 The Centennial Companion. 
 
 first fountain on the Wissahickon, Venus risen from the 
 bath, the Marble F:)untain and finally the bronze statue 
 of Lincoln near the Green street entrance. 
 
 The Zoological Garden, covering most of that part 
 of the park west of the Schuylkill and south of Girard 
 avenue, will be described under the head of "Places 
 of Public Resort and Amusement." 
 
 The portion of this grand park, upon which not only the 
 attention of the citizens of Philadelphia, but of the whole 
 Union is concentrated, and will be for many months, The 
 Centennial Exhibition grounds consist of about 
 four hundred and fifty acres, in the southern part, west 
 of but not extending to the Schuylkill river, and lying 
 northward of Elm avenue. These grounds were form- 
 ally transferred to the Commissioners of the International 
 Exhibition by the Commissioners of Fairmont Park on 
 July 4Lh, 1873, and upon it are being erected those im- 
 mense buildings which are a few months hence to con- 
 tain the most wonderful productions of human art and 
 skill which have even been art one time displayed. 
 
 These buildings are situated upon the most even plateau 
 of the whole park, and we doubt if more appropriate 
 grounds, irrespective of their contiguity to a great city 
 could have been found in the whole country. The Main 
 Exhibition Building fi'onting upon Elm avenue from 
 which it is distant about one hundred and seventy feet, 
 is 1880 feet in length, and 464 feet in width, giving for 
 the ground floor an area of 872,320 square feet, or a lit- 
 tle more than twenty acres. The sides of this enormous 
 structure are but of one story of twenty-four feet in 
 height, but the central portion is more than forty feet, 
 
The Centennial Companion, 39 
 
 and tlie height of the building, 'aside from the central 
 and corner towers is seventy feet. There are four main 
 entrances, at the center of each side and end, and besides 
 these, side entrances about halt* way between the main 
 side entrance and the ends. The eastern entrance will 
 be the main approach for carriages, the south entrance, 
 next to Elm avenue where the ticket offices will be situ- 
 ated, the main entrance from the several lines of street 
 cars ; while the western entrance is directly towards Ma- 
 chinery Hall, and the northern towards the Me7norial 
 Building, The central towers of this building are 48 
 feet square and 120 feet in height, and the towers upon 
 each corner are twenty-four feet square and seventy- five 
 in height, all having an extremely ornamented finish. 
 The walls of the building to the height of about seven 
 feet are of brick, and above these there are wrought-iron 
 columns composed of rolled channel bars with plates riv- 
 eted to the flanges, which are placed twenty -four feet 
 apart, and between these there are timbers framed in 
 panels, in which are placed the glazed sash, a part of 
 which can be removed if necessary for ventilation. The 
 roof is supported by trusses similar to those used in de- 
 pots and warehouses. The upper floors in projections 
 cover an area of 37,344 feet, and in towers an area of 
 26,344 feet, so that the total area of the floors of the 
 building is 936,008 feet. The central avenues or pass- 
 age ways through the building are 120 feet in width, 
 from the ends as well as the sides, and upon either side 
 of each are avenues or naves 100 hundred feet in width ; 
 between these and the sides of the building are aisles 24 
 feet in width — and upon each side of the avenues and 
 
40 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 aisles are supporting wrought iron columns, similar to 
 those in the sides of the building. The intersection of 
 these avenues result in giving nine open spaces free from 
 surpporting columns, the one in the center being 120 
 feet square, four of the others being 120 by 100 feet, 
 and the remaining four each 100 feet square. The en- 
 tire building is abundantly supplied with water — restau- 
 rants for light refreshments will be placed at four promi- 
 nent points, and every possible provision is made for 
 protection against fire ; so it will be seen the comfort 
 and safety of visitors is provided for, while they are ex- 
 amining the myriad of wonderful products, which are 
 here displayed. The whole building is planned with a 
 view to secure a perfect classification of the articles ex- 
 hibited, both as to material and the location where pro- 
 duced. By this arrangement the cotton, woolen or silk 
 fabrics of all countries will be placed together, so that a 
 comparison between them can easily be made and the 
 most excellent selected. The private offices for the sev- 
 eral Foreign and State Commissions, are also located in 
 this building, and although the space to be occupied by 
 each nation and State has been determined, we are in- 
 formed that a location for each is not yet assigned. 
 
 Across Belmont avenue to the westward is Machin- 
 ery Hall^ a building considerably smaller than the 
 Main Exhibition Building being only 1402 feet in length, 
 and 360 in width. In general appearance it is quite 
 similar to the Main Building though it lacks the towers 
 upon the corners, and is somewhat less embellished upon 
 the cornices. In construction, like the Main Building, 
 the sides are composed, above a stone wall about six feet 
 
The Centennial Companion. 41 
 
 in height, of wrought- iron columns, between which are 
 sash filled with large glass. We are informed that it is 
 much more strongly built than the main building, but 
 being unable to gain admission had no opportunity to 
 note the internal construction. Here within a few 
 months will be exhibited all the most wonderful results, 
 which mechanical genius has attained in the last half 
 century, in Europe as well as America, and to all who 
 are inclined to view with delight the application of the 
 great forces of nature to man's use, or proudly note the 
 progress of the age, in which machinery does the work 
 done by manual labor in former times, with a degree of 
 dispatch and perfection before unknown, the sight will 
 be most attractive. 
 
 Three hundred feet northward of the main building, 
 upon a terrace six feet above the general level, stands 
 the most beautiful and substantial structure upon the 
 Centennial Grounds, the JYational Memorial Build- 
 ing. It is 365 feet in length, 210 in width and nearly 
 sixty feet in heighth, above a basement twelve feet in 
 heighth. It is built entirely of granite, iron and glass, 
 and when completed will be a perfect gem of archi- 
 tectural beauty. The south front displays a central sec- 
 tion 95 feet long and 72 feet high ; a pavilion at each 
 end 45 feet long and and 60 feet high, and arcades con- 
 necting them with the center, which are each 90 feet 
 long and 40 feet in height. From the terrace thirteen 
 steps, commemorative of the thirteen original States, 
 seventy feet wide, rise to the level of the entrance, which 
 is by three arched doorways, each forty feet in height 
 and fifteen feet wide, opening into a hall. Upon each 
 
42 The Centennial Companion. 
 
 corner of the central section are colossal statue, and in 
 the center of the main frieze the United Slates coat-of- 
 arjns. The pavilions have each two arched windows 
 thirty feet in height and twelve feet wide, and upon 
 each of the four corners of the four pavilions at each 
 corner of the building are immense iron eagles, with 
 out-spread pinions — our national emblem. A massive 
 dome in the center of the building rises to the height of 
 about 150 feet, and is surmounted by a figure of more 
 than gigantic size. At each corner of the base of the 
 dome are colossal groups, each in a high degree em- 
 blematic and beautiful. The treasures, the inestimable 
 relics, to be seen in this massive structure during the 
 Centennial can only at present be conjectured, but there 
 can be no doubt but that each State of the Union will 
 deposit here, for the year at least, the most sacred 
 memorials which they are preserving in their archives, 
 and that individuals will send forward to be here dis- 
 played some mementoes of the past which they are will- 
 ing to place in a national repository, and some for the 
 season only, being such as have been retained in a family 
 for several generations and have become heirlooms too 
 precious to be yielded up even to a nation's keeping. 
 We can imagine the peculiar delight which will thrill the 
 soul of every antiquarian and every earnest patriot, who 
 wanders through this hall during the Centennial year. 
 Here, too, will be displayed the finest works of art from 
 all the enlightened nations of the world, and the rarest 
 paintings and statuary in existence will grace this noble 
 hall. To the northward of Memorial Hall is a deep 
 ravine, passable in former years only by winding foot- 
 
The Centennial Companion, 43 
 
 paths, but now a broad wooden bridge is being built 
 across it, the grounds from the Memorial Building to 
 the bluff have been leveled to a gentle slope, and the 
 drives and walks to the bridge will be speedily completed. 
 Upon a beautiful plateau on the north side of the ra- 
 vine, stands the Horticultural Hall, which is 300 feet in 
 length and 160 in width. The central portion of this 
 hall presents a striking similarity to Machinery Hall, 
 except that the finishing is much more ornamental. The 
 southern side displays a central section, in which is the 
 entrance, pavilions at each end, and between these 
 and the center are arched conservatories, in which, as in 
 the main hall, the ensuing year, can be seen many thous- 
 ands of rare plants and innumerable beautiful flowers — 
 the contributions of all the civilized nations of the earth. 
 Americans who have visited the National Conservatory in 
 Washington can form some idea of what is to be here 
 displayed. The beautiful level tract westward of the 
 Horticultural Hall, is being laid out with fine walks and 
 lawns which are to be bordered with shrubs and flowers, 
 and will next summer present one of the greatest attrac- 
 tions of the whole grounds, for here the ladies will in- 
 stinctively resort to behold their favorite plants and flow- 
 ers, compare them with what they have at home, or have 
 seen elsewhere, and find in the examination sincere 
 pleasure, if not the ecstatic thrill of delight which the 
 beauties of nature ever inspire in woman's heart. To the 
 northward still of Horticultural Hall, and across another 
 less precipitous ravine, upon a fine plateau we find the 
 great Agricultural Hall in process of erection. It is to be 
 820 feet in length and 540 in width. Its construction 
 
44 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 is very peculiar, the main portions consisting of immense 
 Gothic arches, springing from the ground and being in 
 the center, at least sixty feet in height, and between 
 three of these sections are two lower ones, mainly one 
 story in height, all being so connected as to form a 
 part of the same grand structure, which from the north 
 and south ends display the Gothic portions, while from 
 the cornei;s of all the Gothic sections arise towers with 
 octagonal domes, and in the center of the whole is a 
 large and highly embellished dome, whose height will be 
 about one hundred and fifty feet. To this magnificent 
 hall the people of all the States, and especially the great 
 States of the Mississippi Valley, will send the produc- 
 tions of the soils, differing in each degree of latitude 
 and each parallel of longitude. What agricultural 
 wonders will be here displayed, we can only imagine 
 from what we have seen at some of the great agricul- 
 tural fairs of the West, but have no doubt that the thous- 
 ands who are engaged in agricultural pursuits, and who 
 here assemble, wall find much to astonish, much to amuse 
 and instruct, and much to gratify them in the highest 
 degree. 
 
 To the southwest of Agricultural Hall, and nearly 
 west of Horticultural Hall, on the east side of Belmont 
 avenue, stands the Women''s Buildings which, com- 
 pared with the great halls we have been describing, is 
 but a small building, and yet in many places it would be 
 considered a very large one, being about one hundred 
 and fifty feet in length, by one hundred in width ; with 
 an arched roof and highly ornamented and finely finished 
 cornice, and constructed, we are informed, entirely with 
 
 m 
 
The Centennial Companion* 45 
 
 means contributed by the ladies of tbis country. It is to 
 contain especially articles of their wear, specimens of 
 their beautiful handiwork, and recently we notice that 
 the ladies in charge have, through the public prints, so- 
 licited from the ladies of the whole country recipes for 
 making and cooking all the articles of human diet. So 
 we have no doubt the Centennial will be the means of 
 furnishing to the world much valuable information as to 
 the culinary art, one of the highest importance to all, 
 and yet one to which we fear American ladies have not 
 given the attention which it properly deserves. 
 
 To the north of the Women's Bailding and fronting 
 upon Belmont avenue, the foundation is being laid for 
 the J\*ew Jersey State Building, 
 
 Upon the opposite side of Belmont avenue is the 
 United States Buildings in which all the departments 
 of government are to be represented. Its shape is pe- 
 culiar, being that of two rectangles crossing each other 
 midway at right angles, reminding one of the almost ex- 
 tinct board, upon which was played the old-time game 
 of "Fox and Geese." It has an arched roof covered 
 with cement, and the whole is being finished in a style 
 neat and elegant, yet by no means as ornamental, as we 
 had anticipated. We notice on the grounds a huge 
 mortar, and a monstrous columbiad whose weight we no- 
 ticed was 115,100 lbs, which are probably to be mounted 
 next to the portion assigned to the War Department. 
 As yet, December 1st, 1875, the interior of the building 
 is entirely unfinished, and how it is to be divided, ar- 
 ranged or finished, we have not the remotest idea. 
 
 To the northwest of the U. S. Government Building, 
 
46 The Centennial Companion. 
 
 and at the foot of the hill upon which is Belmont reservoir, 
 we notice the Ens^lish Government Buildings, which 
 appear to be plain, with steep roofs, numerous gables and 
 large chimneys ; and like most of the Centennial Build- 
 ings, but partly finished. To the southwestward of these, 
 and west of: Machinery Hall, are. grounds laid off as sites 
 for the buildings of different States, but as yet not even 
 the foundations are laid. Between the U. S. Govern- 
 ment Building and Machinery Hall, a basin has been 
 onstructed, which during the Centennial year, will be a 
 pond of two or three acres in extent, in the centre of 
 which will be a splendid group of fountains. The grounds 
 adjoining are being laid off with broad lawns and walks, 
 and early in spring will be set with trees and shrubbery. 
 Northeast from the east end of Machinery Hall, and 
 nearly in the direction of the Horticultural Hall, is a two 
 story plastered building with deck roof, and almost plain 
 finish, known as the Hall of the Judges, of the In- 
 ternational Exhibition — and to the westward of this and 
 fronting on Belmont avenue is the Centennial Photo- 
 graph Gallery, a one-story building constructed by a 
 prominent artist of the city. Besides the public build- 
 ings there are being built within the Centennial 
 Grounds numerous other wooden buildings, intended for 
 restaurants and refreshment rooms, which generally are 
 being finished in a tasteful and elegant style. We espec- 
 ially noticed one a little northeast of the Horticultural 
 Hall, another nearly south of the Agricultural Hall, 
 directly west of which is a fine cedar grove, and one nearly 
 north of the Women's Building, each of which w^e know 
 will be crowded during each day of the ensuing season, 
 
The Centennial Companion, 47 
 
 and in whicli the fortunate proprietors will cater to the 
 tastes and satisfy the thirst of many thousands, and 
 thereby reap an abundant pecuniary harvest. 
 
 The view of the Centennial Grounds and of the 
 city of Philadelphia, from George's Hill, which is directly 
 west of and adjoining the grounds, is truly splendid and 
 will well repay the fatigue, even of one who has wan- 
 dered on foot for many a weary hour over these lovely 
 grounds, for making the ascent. Eastward from George's 
 Hill is Belmont Reservoir ^ having a capacity of over 
 35,000,000 gallons, and still further to the eastward 
 upon the bluffs of the Schuylkill, is Belmont Man- 
 sion^ the view from which we have before mentioned. 
 On the west side of Belmont avenue, and nearly south 
 from the eastern entrance of Machinery Hall, are the 
 offices of the Western Union Telegraph Company^ a 
 very extensive one-story building surrounded by a portico 
 having a very ornamental cornice. 
 
 Passing out of the Centennial Grounds upon Bel- 
 mont avenue, we notice at a short distance an enormous 
 three-story wooden building which the Pennsylvania Rail- 
 road Company have recently erected as a Depot Hotel for 
 the Centennial year, to be named the Globe Hotel, and 
 which will accommodate from 1600 to 1800 guests. 
 Though the International Exhibition does not open until 
 May 10, 1876, we learn that all the rooms of this yet 
 unfinished hotel have been engaged. 
 
 At the intersection of Belmont and Elra avenues, a 
 large brick building, four-stories high above the basement, 
 with a mansard roof, is rapidly approaching completion. 
 It is to be known as the Continental Hotel, and will 
 
48 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 accommodate nearly one thousand persons. To the east- 
 ward of this the United States Hotel has already been 
 built, and along Elm avenue until it intersects Girard 
 avenue, nearly every building is a hotel or restaurant. 
 
 Taking the Girard avenue line of street cars to return 
 to the city, we cross the portion of Fairmount Park, just 
 above the Zoological Garden^ which we shall mention 
 as one of the notable places of amusement in and about 
 the city, and come across the wonderful structure, Gir- 
 ard Avenue Bridge. This bridge as well as the one at 
 Fairmount, and another on Chestnut street, are each 
 grand structures, and deserve and will doubtless receive a 
 careful examination by all who take an interest in this spe- 
 cies of buildings. We have no space for such a descrip- 
 tion as they severally deserve and should receive, were 
 we attempting a complete description oO the expensive 
 and convenient public improvements of this beautiful 
 city. At the west end of Girard avenue bridge is the 
 Egglesjield entrance to Fairmount Park, upon the Lans- 
 down Drive, by passing under one of the immense arches 
 of the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge. By following a 
 winding route over hills, across the deep ravines which we 
 have mentioned as bridged between the Exhibition Build- 
 ings, and passing the grounds formerly known as Peter- 
 stone, upon which is situated the locally famous Sweet 
 Briar Mansion^ the visitor may reach the Centennial 
 Grounds, and if going from the city in a carriage, we 
 know of no more agreeable route, nor indeed one upon 
 which there are so many objects well worthy of close atten- 
 tion and careful consideration. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 Government and Public Buildings, 
 
 Among the many objects in Philadelpliia of especial 
 interest to the tourist, and hence we suppose to the visi- 
 tors of the International Exhibition, are the United 
 States government buildings, and those in which the bus- 
 iness of the city, of a public character, is transacted. 
 So we will proceed to give a brief description of those 
 which all who attend the Centennial will not fail to visit. 
 
 The United States Mint is situated at the north- 
 west corner of Chestnut and Thirteenth streets, and is 
 a massive brick structure, with marble facings. The ar- 
 chitecture is of the Ionic order, and the portico, which 
 is supported by six large fluted columns, is reached by a 
 wide range of steps. Although the United States Mint 
 was established in this city as early as 1792, this build- 
 ing was not erected until 1832-3, and it contains ma- 
 chinery for coining and milling, which is probably more 
 intricate and expensive than possessed by any other na- 
 tion. It may be visited by any who desire, from nine 
 o'clock, A. M., until noon each day, and all who wish are 
 shown by courteous ushers through the building, and the 
 process of coining the solid money of certain and un- 
 changeable value — the only real basis of the currency — 
 with which the vast business of the whole country is trans- 
 
 4 
 
60 The Centennial Covipa7iion, 
 
 acted. Besides the very interesting machinery (one en- 
 gine being o£ one hundred and sixty horse power) in this 
 establishment — which is the main mint of the United 
 States, all others being branch mints — there can be here 
 beheld an extensive cabinet of ancient coins, some of 
 "which date prior to the Christian era, and are wonders to 
 every antiquary. Few places in the whole city afford 
 more attractions to the visitor, and few will be more 
 thronged with visitors than this during the months of the 
 great International Exhibition. 
 
 Fronting upon Chestnut and Library streets, between 
 Fourth and Fifth streets, isolated from the other build- 
 ings of the block, and apparently built upon a stone 
 dais, is the United States Custom House, one of the 
 most massive and substantial buildings in the whole city. 
 It is built of granite, and in imitation of the celebrated 
 Parthenon of Athens, having upon each front an orna- 
 mented entablature and vestibule, supported by eight 
 Doric columns, nearly thirty feet in height, and about 
 five feet in diameter at the base. The building is eighty- 
 seven feet in width, and one hundred and sixty in length, 
 and its main hall, which is about eighty feet long by 
 nearly fifty in width, is embellished by fluted Ionic col- 
 umns, and has a lofty arched and panelled ceiling. The 
 building was originally intended for the Second United 
 States Bank, and here the gigantic operations carried on 
 with a capital of: $35,000,000, were transacted for many 
 years, until, in fact, the question of the renewal 
 of its charter, which expired by limitation in 1836, was 
 one of the most exciting issues between the old Whig and 
 Democratic parties, and the latter being successful in 
 
The Centennial Companion. 51 
 
 tlie Presidential campaign of 1832, upon the expiration 
 of the charter the government deposits were removed by 
 order of President Jackson, the author of our present 
 sub-treasury system, and the Bank of the United States 
 ceased to wield its stupendous influence over the political 
 affairs of the nation. The Government shortly after- 
 wards purchased the building, and it has ever since been 
 used as a custom house. 
 
 On the west side of Second street, below Chestnut, 
 we would direct attention to the grand and beautiful fire- 
 proof building, which is styled the United States Ap- 
 praisers Storehouse^ which is worthy of a particular 
 description, did our space permit. 
 
 West of the U. S. Custom House, on the corner of 
 Chestnut and Fifth streets, is the Post Office building, 
 upon the second floor of which are the court rooms of 
 the U. S. District and Circuit Courts. This fine build- 
 ing is constructed of a dark shade of marble, has a 
 mansard roof, and standing as it does in the midst of the 
 finest bank buildings in the city, will be noticed by every 
 Centennial visitor. 
 
 Upon the east half of the block bounded by Chestnut 
 and Market, Ninth and Tenth streets, the JVew Post 
 Office Building is in process of erection, and is to have 
 grand and highly ornamented fronts, upon the ends to- 
 ward Market and Chestnut streets, as well as the side oi 
 main front on Ninth street. At present the half block 
 is surrounded with a high plank fence, and filled with 
 huge derricks, by which the heavy blocks of stone of the 
 basement are being placed in position. It is to. be built 
 of Maine granite, in the French renaissance style, four 
 
52 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 stories in height, with an immense iron- work dome, and 
 though Contrress has limited the entire cost to four mil- 
 lion dollars, there will probably be five or six millions 
 expended upon it before its final completion. 
 
 The old JYavy Yard^ situated at the foot of Federal 
 and Wharton streets, formerly contained some very large 
 brick buildings, but these have been recently demolished 
 and the grounds sold at auction, the government hav- 
 ing removed the Navy Yard to League Island, about 
 three miles further down the Delaware river, where new 
 buildings will speedily be erected. At present only the 
 debris of the buildings remain, and these no one would 
 care to visit. 
 
 On Gray's Ferry road, at the west end of Fitzwater 
 and Catherine streets, is located the United States 
 JSTaval Asylum^ built nearly fifty years ago as a home 
 for aged and infirm navy officers and marines. The 
 building is three hundred and eighty feet long, one hun- 
 dred and fifty feet in width, three stories high, and has a 
 fine marble front, which is approached by a flight of 
 marble steps, upon each side of which, are field pieces 
 captured by Gen. Gates at the battle of Saratoga, and 
 two large marble balls. The entablature over the main 
 entrance is supported by eight marble Doric columns. 
 During the recent war a large and very fine building was 
 erected in the rear of the Asylum for the care of the sick 
 and wounded sailors, disabled, or contracting disease in 
 the United States service. 
 
 Further southward on Gray's Ferry road at its inter- 
 section with Washington street, just above the Schuyl- 
 Jiill Bridge is the United States Jlrsenaly composed of 
 
The Centennial Companion. 63 
 
 four very large brick buildings, enclosing quite an exten- 
 sive yard or Court. Instead of being a store-house for 
 arms and the munitions of war, one of these buildings 
 contains a museum in which are to be seen specimens of 
 the clothing worn by the American soldiers, from the 
 Revolution down to the present time ; and in the others, 
 the work of cutting and making army clothing is carried 
 on, a great number of hands being constantly employed. 
 The old State House ^ now used as a City Hall, we 
 have described among objects of ''historical interests." 
 The JVew City Hall, now in course of erection at the 
 intersection of Market and Broad streets, will be, when 
 completed, one of the grandest and most ornamental 
 buildings in the city, covering an area of about four 
 and a half acres, and containing over five hundred rooms. 
 This immense pile, built in what is known as the renais- 
 sance style, with white marble fronts, and embellished 
 by the highest works of art, will, when fully completed, 
 be one of the most beautiful and completely fire-proof 
 buildings in the world. From the center of the north 
 side will rise a tower ninety feet square at the base, de- 
 creasing in size at each story, until, at the base of the 
 dome, it becomes an 'octagon, fifty feet in diameter. 
 The dome will be 430 feet in height, surmounted by a 
 statue of the Founder of the city, 20 feet in height, giv- 
 ing the enormous altitude of 450 feet, which will be 
 visible in all parts of the city, and is, we believe, higher 
 than any steeple in the world. The entire finishing 
 and ornamentation of the whole building internally, as 
 well as externally, will be commensurate with the wealth 
 and prosperity pf a great city, whoae citizens acknowl- 
 
54 The Centennial Companion. 
 
 edge no superior in public and progressive spirit, or 
 in combining with the useful, the substantial and the 
 beautiful. 
 
 The Water Works of the city are worthy the careful 
 consideration of every visitor, and are among the most ex- 
 tensive and complete of any upon the continent. The 
 dam across the Schuylkill, thirteen hundred feet in length, 
 and the plan of converting the rugged summit of Fair- 
 mount into a beautiful truncated cone containing an 
 immense reservoir, is a perpetual monument to the 
 genius of Mr. Frederick Graeff, the projector, but the 
 original water wheels, by which the water supply was for 
 years forced up to the reservoir, have long since been 
 abandoned and ponderous steam engines do the pumping 
 at Fairmount, as well as at Belmont, Roxbury and other 
 points, where reservoirs have in the past few years been 
 constructed. The present supply to the city is more 
 than forty million gallons per day, and for the benefit of 
 Centennial visitors, we note that the Centennial buildings 
 and grounds are so situated, that they receive an abun- 
 dant supply, provision being made already so that 
 6,000,000 gallons may be used in them daily, and free 
 of cost to all. 
 
 The city has been supplied with gas for more than 
 forty years, and the Philadelphia Gas Works on the 
 north side of Market street, and between Twentv-Second 
 street and the Schuylkill, together with the Point 
 Breeze Gas PForks, also located on the Schuylkill, in 
 the southern part of the city, afford a supply of more 
 than five million cubic feet of gas per day, so that as re- 
 gards light, as well as water, it would appear that ample 
 
The Centennial Companion, 55 
 
 provision is made by those who have in charge the city's 
 progress and prosperity. 
 
 Market street was originally the great mart, to which 
 all the inhabitants of the city resorted to procure their 
 daily supply of meat, fish and vegetables, and a century 
 ago a line of market houses, which have long since been 
 removed, extended far up this central business street. 
 Some of the principal public market houses are now situ- 
 ated on Callowhill, Spring Garden, Girard avenue, and 
 South Third streets, but to a great extent the markets 
 have been removed from the streets, and like the spa- 
 cious, cleanly and nicely appointed one which we have 
 visited on South Fifth street, between Market and Chest- 
 nut streets, they are now like the clothing and dry goods 
 houses in the midst of the private business houses of the 
 city, where they can the most readily accommodate the 
 thousands, yea, tens of thousands, who throng them, to 
 supply their tables with the necessities as well as the 
 luxuries of life. 
 
 Among the public buildings of a great city of espec- 
 ial, and yet of melancholy interest, we may notice the 
 prisons, two of which are deserving of more than a pass- 
 ing notice. The County or Moyamensing Prison is situ- 
 ated on Passyunk avenue, between Reed and Dickerson, 
 Tenth and Eleventh streets, fronting upon the avenue from 
 which it is distant about eighty feet. The front is of 
 granite and consists of a central portion about sixty feet 
 in width, which connects with octagon towers or pavil- 
 ions upon the corners, and the square central tower, as 
 well as the corners, have a battlement coping, whilst upon 
 tjie sides of the intermediate wall, some twenty-four feet 
 
56 The. Centennial Companion, 
 
 in height, are lancet windows, and upon the northern side 
 an addition of brown stone has been added, which de- 
 tracts somewhat from the appearance of massive strength 
 which the granite front originally presented. The side 
 and rear wnlls are of irregular shaped stone, about twen- 
 tj-four feet in height, with a granite coping or cap- 
 stone. A yard with iron fence surrounds the remainder 
 of the lot not covered by the prison building, which is 
 capable of holding within its gloomy walls about 3,000 
 persons. 
 
 Along the sidewalk in front is a fine row of trees, mainly 
 buttonwood or sycamore, and upon the doors at each 
 side of the center, we notice the usual words of warning 
 to visitors, " No Admittance." Across the street to the 
 south, the Metropolitan Hotel, capable of accommodating 
 twenty- five guests, is a comfortable place for the weary 
 pedestrian who is sight-seeing, to rest and procure re- 
 freshment. 
 
 The Eastern Penitentiary, locally known as ** Cherry 
 Hill," fronts upon Fairmount avenue, and occupies the 
 entire block (about eleven acres) between Twenty-sec- 
 ond and Twenty-third streets. The building consists of 
 a massive stone- wall, some twenty-five feet in height, 
 upon all the sides except the front, which has a square 
 embattled tower at each corner more than fifty feet in 
 height, which are connected with the center, from which 
 rises a still higher octagon embattled tower, in the center 
 of which appears the broad entrance through a door 
 studded with many bolt-heads. Within the building is a 
 large rotunda from which wings radiate like the spokes 
 of a wheel, and in these are the cells of the unfortunate 
 
The Centennial Companion. 57 
 
 inmates. The system known as that of ** solitary con- 
 finement," adopted many years ago, is still adhered to 
 in this so-called reformatory institution. There are gen- 
 erally about five hundred persons confined here, who en- 
 dure, as we believe, the severest of all punishments under 
 the system above referred to — one we are forced to say 
 we consider hardly in accordance with the spirit of our 
 progressive age. 
 
 The JSf*ew House of Correction^ not yet completed, 
 in the northern part of the city, costs the city the sum of 
 one million dollars, and consists of a four-story central 
 building, with four lateral wings upon each side, in which 
 are about two thousand cells and numerous workshops. 
 It is mainly intended for the confinement of juvenile of- 
 fenders, it having long since been discovered by those 
 who have given the subject their close and careful consid- 
 eration, that many youths may be led to reform, if sepa- 
 rated from old and hardened offenders ; but if confined 
 with them imprisonment becomes but a training for fu- 
 ture infringements upon the rights of their fellow- men — 
 a preparation for a deeper descent into the *' paths of 
 iniquity." The House of Refuge upon Girard avenue, 
 and opposite the western portion of the College .grounds, 
 is likewise a place for the confinement and reformation of 
 juvenile offenders only. 
 
CHAPTER YI. 
 
 Charitable Institutions, 
 
 The same generous and liberal spirit, the same ele- 
 vated tone of kindly feeling which animated the noble 
 ''Founder" of the City of "Brotherly Love," and was 
 so prominent in the life and character of Franklin, and 
 many of his illustrious compeers, seems to have become 
 impressed deeply, as generations have passed by, upon 
 the whole people of the city, and, as a result, to a large 
 extent due to education perhaps, but certainly to some 
 extent to the noble example set by their ancestors, they 
 have been prompt to listen to the calls of the unfortu- 
 nate, the sick and afflicted, the friendless, homeless and 
 perishing ones, who must ever, by their necessities, be 
 forced to accept the succor which the highest dictates of 
 humanity are ever inclined to bestow. And hence, in 
 and about this beautifully built city we find many noble 
 institutions, which have been provided as homes, and pla- 
 ces for the care andf treatment of the diseased, both in 
 body and mind. Among the objects of historical inter- 
 est we have already spoken of the grand Old Pennsyl- 
 vania Hospital, and as the next most important institu- 
 tion of this class, call attention to an ofishoot from it, 
 the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane^ which is 
 located upon the north side of Market Street, in Wegt 
 
The Centennial Companion, 69 
 
 Philadelpliia, between Chestnut avenue and Fiftieth 
 street, and bounded on the north by Haverf ord street. 
 The grounds contain one hundred and thirteen acres, and 
 upon them are two large cut-stone structures, known as 
 the Male and Female Departments of the Pennsylvania 
 Hospital for the Insane. The grounds are enclosed by a 
 high wall, and are very beautifully laid off into lawns 
 and gardens, which are ornamented with shrubbery and 
 flowers. Each of the main edifices consists of a central 
 structure, from which extend wings with broad porticos ; 
 each of which is commodious, and display the taste and 
 skill of the architect, as well as that of the workmen who 
 carried into effect his designs. The idiotic and, as a 
 general rule, we believe, the epileptic, are not admitted 
 here. Yet there are usually about about four hundred 
 patients under treatment, and the report of the officers 
 in charge show most clearly the skill and ability of the 
 chief physician. 
 
 - On the south side of Spruce street, and immediatly 
 west of the Schuylkill river, are extensive grounds, upon 
 the northern portion of which is located Blockley Alms- 
 house^ which consists of four buildings, each three sto- 
 ries in height, and about five hundred feet in length. 
 The buildings are generally quite plain, only the main 
 front to the southeastward having a portico supported by 
 large Tuscan columns. This extensive establishment is 
 intended to accommodate the poor and decrepit, as well 
 as those rendered helpless by mental and bodily afflic- 
 tions, and, as a consequence, during each winter is 
 crowded with inmates, the number at times exceeding 
 three thousand. This magnificent institution of charity 
 
60 The Centennial Qompaiiion, 
 
 is maintained by the city at an annual expense of four 
 'hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 The Orphan Society of Philadelphia, organized 
 more than sixty years ago "to rescue from ignorance, 
 vice, and idleness, the destitute and unprotected chil- 
 dren" of the city, has ever been engaged in its most wor- 
 thy and laudable undertaking, and has taken many from 
 the lowest walks of life, and so reared and trained them 
 that they have become upright honorable citizens. The 
 present building of this society, is upon the brow of a 
 hill in the extreme western part of the city. It fronts 
 upon Sixty-Fourth Street, above Lansdown avenue, and 
 presents an extremely ornate and beautiful appearance. 
 
 Many other humane and benevolent institutions are to 
 be found in and about this great and charitable city, but 
 our space only permits us to give the name and location 
 of the most prominent ; and we will only say in passing, 
 that we sincerely hope that every visitor will visit these 
 homes of the diseased, and destitute ; for we know of 
 nothing more strongly inclined to excite the warmest sym- 
 pathies, and arouse to earnest action the purest and best 
 impulses of our nature, than beholding the great num- 
 bers of unfortunates in these institutions, and the am- 
 ple means which a generous public and liberal minded 
 people have provided for their care, comfort and improve- 
 ment. 
 
 City Hospital, near Franklin avenue and Reading 
 Railroad. 
 
 State Hospital for Women and Infants of Pennsyl* 
 vania. No. 1718 Filbert street. 
 
 Charity Hospital, 1832 Hanailton street. 
 
The Centennial Companion, 61 
 
 St. Joseph's Hospital, Seventeenth street and Girard 
 avenue. 
 
 Children's Hospital, on Twenty- Second street, below 
 Walnut street. 
 
 University Hospital, Thirty -Fourth and Spruce streets. 
 
 Friend's Hospital for the Insane, Frankford. 
 
 Howard Hospital for Incurables, 1518 Lombard street. 
 
 Will's Eye Hospital, Race street, west of Eighteenth 
 and south of Logan Square. 
 
 German Hospital, Girard and Corinthian avenues. 
 
 Orthopedic Hospital, Seventeenth and Summer streets. 
 
 St. Mary's Hospital, Frankford avenue and Palmer 
 street. 
 
 Germantown Hospital, Shoemaker's lane and Chew 
 street. 
 
 Women's Hospital of Philadelphia, North College 
 avenue and Twenty- Second street. 
 
 Presbyterian Hospital, Olney road, Taber Station, on 
 the North Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 
 Hospital of the Good Shepherd for Children, Rodnor, 
 Delaware county, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Homoepathic Hospital, 1116 Cuthbert street. 
 
 Preston Retreat, Twentieth and Hamilton streets. 
 
 Christ Church Hospital, Belmont avenue and Monu- 
 ment road. 
 
 Gynaecological Hospital and Infirmary for Diseases of 
 Childi-en, 1624 Poplar street. 
 
 Lying-in Hospital, 608 Fairmount avenue. 
 
 Hospital of the Protestant Episcopal Church, Front 
 and Huntingdon streets. 
 
02 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 Philadelphia Ljing-in Hospital, 126 North Eleventh 
 street. 
 
 Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Main street, Chestnut 
 Hill. 
 
 Hospital for Inebriates of Philadelphia, Media, Pa. 
 
 Baptist Home, Seventeenth and Harris streets. 
 
 Inebriates' Home, Harrowgate lane, near Frankford 
 avenue. 
 
 Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, office 513 Market street. 
 
 Rosine Association 3216 Germantown avenue. 
 
 Franklin Reformatory Home, 913 Locust street. 
 
 Penn Asylum for Indigent Widows and Single Women, 
 Belgate, above Otis street. 
 
 Howard Home, for Widows and Single women, Fifty- 
 Eighth street and Darby Road. 
 
 Home of the Good Shepherd, Twenty- Second and 
 Walnut streets. 
 
 Little Sistei's of the Poor, Eighteenth street, above 
 Jefferson street. 
 
 St. Luke's Home for Aged Women, 1317 Pine street. 
 
 Lutheran Orphan's Home and Asylum, for the Aged 
 and Infirm, 3582 Germantown avenue. 
 
 Methodist Home, Thirteenth street and Lehigh avenue. 
 
 Old Men's Home of Philadelphia, Thirty-Ninth street 
 and Powelton's avenue. 
 
 St. Ann's Widow's Asylum, 906 Moyamensing ay. 
 
 Pennsylvania Home for Deaf Mutes, Broad and Pine 
 streets. 
 
 Home of Aged and Infirm Colored Persons, Belmont 
 and Girard avenues. 
 
The Centennial Companion. 63 
 
 Pennsylvania Institution for Instruction of the Blind, 
 Twentieth and Race streets. 
 
 Pennsylvania Working Home for Blind Men, 3518 
 Lancaster avenue. 
 
 Pennsylvania Industrial Home for Blind Women, 3921 
 Locust street. 
 
 Indigent Widows and Single Women's Home, Cherry 
 below Eighteenth street. 
 
 Boarding Homes for Young Women, 1433 Lombard 
 St., 1605 Filbert st., and 915 Clinton street. 
 
 Midnight Mission, 919 Locust street. 
 
 Temporary Home Association of Philadelphia, 505 
 North Sixth street. 
 
 Magdalene Society, Twenty-First and Race streets. 
 
 Home for the Homeless, 708 Lombard street. 
 
 Foster Home, Girard avenue, west of House of Re- 
 fuge. 
 
 Musical Fund Hall, Locust street, above Eighth. 
 
 Burd Orphan Asylum, three miles west of Market 
 street bridge. 
 
 St. John's Male Orphan Asylum, Market st., West 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Besides these there are numerous Relief Societies, the 
 most prominent of which are the following : 
 
 Scandinavian Society, 347 South Third street. 
 
 Sons of St. George, southwest corner of Thirteenth 
 and Arch Streets. 
 
 Swiss Benevolent Society, Southwest corner of Fourth 
 and Wood streets. 
 
 Hibernian Society for the Relief of Emigrants from 
 Ireland, office 138 South Front Street. 
 
64 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 St. Andrews Society, 508 Walnut street. 
 The German Society of Philadelphia, 24 South Sev- 
 enth street. 
 
 Albion Society, 109 South Third street. 
 St. David's Society, 133 South Fifth street. 
 French Benevolent Society, 221 Dock street. 
 Welch Society, 133 South Fifth street. 
 Hebrew Charities, 30 North Seventh street. 
 
CHAPTER Vn. 
 
 Masonic^ Odd Fellows and Society Halls. 
 
 The New Masonic Temple of PMladelpHa, situated 
 on the corner of Broad and Filbert streets, and directly 
 north from the eastern part of the new Citj Hall, is one 
 of the grandest and most magnificent structures ever 
 erected in America. Its external walls are of granite, 
 while the inner ones, which will scarcely be noticed on 
 account of the wonderful ornamentation which is through- 
 out displayed, are of brick. The entire length of the build- 
 ing is two hundred and fifty feet, and the three stories 
 give an elevation of about eighty feet above the pavement 
 on the south or Filbert street front, while the height of the 
 western or Broad street front, with its corner towers and 
 central section, cannot easily be averaged or estimated. 
 The style of architecture is Norman, and so bold, strik- 
 ing and elaborate are each of the fronts, that only vigor, 
 bpirit and strength are manifest to the beholder upon 
 either west or south facades. The particular features 
 of the western or main front, are the massive towers 
 upon the corners and the porch in the center. The 
 main tower upon the southwest corner rises to a height 
 of two hundred and fifty feet, and is embellished by or- 
 namental windows on its sides, and turrets on its sum- 
 mit. Tne ^oxcii 16 omit of Quincy granite, highly 
 
 G 
 
66 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 polished, and at tlie entrance on either side are four pairs 
 of receding pillars, from which spring arched mouldings, 
 encu'cled with the most elaborate decorations and gor- 
 geous tracing. The doorway conforms to the style of 
 churches in the Norman period, and the main fi'ont fold- 
 ing doors are seventeen feet high, seven feet wide, six 
 inches thick, and embellished with the same high degree 
 of elegance and beauty displayed upon the magnificent 
 porch. The whole building is erected in the most solid 
 and substantial manner and is thoroughly fire-proof. 
 The Temple contains several halls, which in architectural 
 splendor are truly wonderful. The Grand Lodge and 
 Grand Chapter Halls are richly ornamented and fur- 
 nished, but the Egyptian Hall, whose ceiling is supported 
 by columns patterned fi'om those in the ancient temples 
 of Thebes and Memphis, and the cities which were upon 
 the Nile, impress all observers by their massive sublim- 
 ity and strength, and almost startle the beholder, as 
 they instantly direct the mind to the wonderful perfec- 
 tion of architecture attained by the nations which erected 
 Cleopatra's Needle and the Pyramids. All the furniture 
 of this room is of gilded ebony, with black and gold 
 trimmings and tapestry. In the grand banqueting hall, 
 situated in the northern portion, the composite style of 
 architecture is beautifully displayed in the sixteen pairs 
 of columns running through it, the capitals of which are 
 decorated with representations of fi'uits, flowers and 
 game birds. This hall is about one hundred feet in 
 length by fifty in width, is furnished with four rows of 
 extension tables, at which may be seated five hundred 
 persons. 
 
The Centennial Companion. 67 
 
 We feel that we cannot give more tlian a very faint 
 and indistinct idea of this grand structure, upon which 
 the architectural skill of ancient and modern times and 
 nations is presented, and yet the combinations are so 
 perfect, that within and without it is a marvel of har- 
 mony, almost a miracle of art. This immense building 
 was nearly five years in course of construction, and in- 
 volved an expense to the fraternity of about one and a 
 half million dollars. We are informed that at least fifty 
 thousand '' brethren" were present at its dedication in 
 1873, and not only those interested in its erection, but 
 the fraternity throughout the whole nation, may feel 
 proud, if they visit Philadelphia during the Centennial 
 year, when they behold the grandest and most imposing 
 Masonic Temple of the world. 
 
 In good weather on Thursday of each week, visitors 
 to this stupendous architectural pile, are admitted after 
 10 o'clock A. M., and every courtesy is shown to the thou- 
 sands of admirers, who annually pass its portals. 
 
 The order of Odd Fellows, though by no means so num- 
 erous in this city, as the Masonic fraternity, already num- 
 ber many thousands, and about thirty years since seven- 
 teen of the principal lodges united in building, at an ex- 
 pense of nearly $100,000, the commodious and beautiful 
 Odd Fellow^ s Hall upon the corner of Sixth and Ores- 
 son streets. The first story upon Sixth street is divided 
 into four stores, two upon each side of the main entrance, 
 and above these, the sides of the building are adorned 
 by receding columns or pilasters, thirty feet in height, 
 with capitals in the composite style, and a massive cor- 
 nice, above which rises a low story of less ornate finish. 
 
68 The Centennial Companion* 
 
 Tlie building contains two very large, and six ordinary 
 sized lodge rooms, one encampment room, a library and 
 tbe office of the Grand Secretary. The Grand Lodge, 
 Grand Encampment, forty-seven subordinate lodges, 
 twelve encampments and one Degree Lodge, now bold 
 their meetings in this hall. 
 
 Besides the leading Secret orders whose Temple and 
 Hall we have above noticed, there are several other secret 
 orders and societies in this great city, whose halls and 
 places of meeting we have not space to describe, but will 
 mention their names and location, for the benefit of 
 any readers, who may chance to belong to the same or 
 similar societies in other parts of the country. 
 
 Knights of Pythias, hall Broad and Spring Garden 
 streets. 
 
 Independent Order of Red Men, hall Third and Brown 
 streets. 
 
 Improved Order of Red Men, 518 South Tenth street. 
 
 Grand U. 0. of 0. F., hall 602 Spruce Street. 
 
 Patriotic Order, Sons of America, general office, 413 
 Chestnut street. 
 
 Order of United American Mechanics, hall Fourth and 
 George streets. 
 
 Grand Division of Sons of Temperance of Pennsyl- 
 aLia, office 118 South Seventh street. 
 
 In this connection we must mention some of the nu- 
 merous clubs which have a permanent organization and 
 exercise a powerful influence in this city. The one which 
 has the highest and most renowned history and reputation 
 is the Union League Club, which originated in 1862, as 
 the Union Club, having as its object '' an unwavering 
 
The Centennial Companion^ 69 
 
 support of the general Government in it efforts for the 
 suppression of the Rebellion," and '' to discountenance 
 and rebuke, by moral and social influence, all disloyalty 
 to the Federal Government." This club, during the war, 
 enlisted ten regiments for the Union army, distributed 
 more than half a million of ^^ Union Documents," and 
 wielded an immense influence upon, if it did not actually 
 control, the political affairs of the State. It has now 
 about two thousand members, among whom are some of 
 the wealthiest, most prominent and influential men of 
 the city. The Club, about ten years ago, at the cost of 
 $200,000, built a beautiful brown stone hall, w^hich they 
 now occupy, at the corner of Broad and Sansom streets. 
 It contains a splendid gallery in which are some of the 
 finest specimens of statuary, and some of the most ad- 
 mirable paintings to be found in the city. 
 
 The Reform Cluh^ which is organized without regard 
 to partisan or political inclination, and is open to the 
 wives and lady acquaintances of its members (as few 
 clubs in the whole nation are), has a spendid marble 
 front house on Chestnut street, above Fifteenth street, 
 and with the adjacent grounds, which are beautifully de- 
 corated with shrubbery and flowers, cost the members 
 about two hundred thousand dollars. Here on pleasant ev- 
 enings, a fine orchestra discourses sweet music, and the 
 members and their guests find agreeable and rational re- 
 creation ; and social conviviality relieves the burden im- 
 posed on many care-worn minds by the business of each 
 day. 
 
 We pass other clubs by, with the bare mention of name 
 and location. 
 
70 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 Americus Club, northeast corner o£ Eleventh and 
 Chestnut streets. 
 
 Philadelphia Club, Thirteenth and Walnut sti^eets. 
 
 Penn Club, 506 Walnut street. 
 
 Radical Club, E. M. Davis, President, 333 Walnut 
 street. ' 
 
 Schuylkill Navy, James M. Ferguson, Commodore, 15 
 North Seventh street. 
 
 Press Club of Philadelphia, 521 Chestnut street. 
 
 1001 Club, 1203 Chestnut street. 
 
 Philadelphia Sketch Club, Merrick street, above Mar- 
 ket street. 
 
 Philadelphia Base Ball Club, Fifth and Locust streets. 
 
 Athletic Base Ball Club, northeast corner of Eleventh 
 and Chestnut streets. 
 
CHAPTER Yin. 
 
 Educational, Art and Literary Institutions. 
 
 Abounding, as tlie city of PhiladelpMa does, in build- 
 ings of magnificent dimensions, almost perfect symme- 
 try, and remarkable architectural beauty, it bas few, if 
 any, tbat in either respect surpass those which are the 
 Collegiate and Scientific Departments, the Medical 
 Department, and the Hospital of the UNiysRSiTY OF 
 Pennsylvaitia. They are situated on Academical Hill, 
 in West Philadelphia, the first fronting on Locust street, 
 west of its intersection with Darby road; the second 
 upon Thirty- Sixth street, between Locust and Spruce 
 streets, and the Hospital directly south of the first, 
 which is styled the Main University Building. It is 
 two hundred and sixty feet in length, two stories high 
 above the basement, and the wings are about one hun- 
 dred feet in depth, and the whole is a splendid specimen 
 of modern Gothic architecture. The exterior walls are 
 built of serpentine stone, with coping and buttresses of 
 another variety, and at the ends of each wing are highly 
 ornamented semi-Gothic towers. In the center' of the 
 Locust street front is a Gothic porch, supported by highly 
 polished marble columns, in which is the main entrance 
 to this imposing and beautiful structure ; which is embel- 
 lished by pavilions and numerous towers, adding greatly 
 
72 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 to the superb and striking beauty of the whole, until we 
 stop to wonder if architectural genius will ever design any 
 more attractive or lovely Temple of Science. 
 
 The Medical Department^ fi'onting on Thirty- Sixth 
 street, though of the same general style of architecture 
 as the main building, is not so extended, and has a more 
 massive and much less graceful appearance. The cen- 
 tral portion of the front is finely ornamented, and the 
 towers on either side of the cone add much to its comely 
 and attractive appearance. 
 
 The Hospital of the University is designed to consist 
 of a central structure with six pavilions, and when com- 
 pleted will equal, if it does not excel the main building 
 in symmetry, but not having such lofty towers or so 
 many prominent points for adornment, it will scarcely 
 command so much admiration. Only the main building 
 and one pavilion are yet finished, and in actual use, and 
 years will doubtless elapse before the design of the ar- 
 chitect will be fully accomplished. 
 
 These buildings have been constructed with a view 
 mainly to the purposes to which they are devoted, and if 
 the skill of the architect is apparent upon the exterior, the 
 ripe judgment of experienced teachers and lecturers is 
 apparent when the visitor enters either the Collegiate or 
 Medical Department ; but it is our purpose not to describe 
 completely, but to direct the attention of those more 
 deeply interested, to these noble and imposing edifices. 
 For the benefit of those who delight in facts and figures, 
 we will add that the cost of the main building was 
 $231,900, and of the portion of the Hospital now com- 
 pleted $200,000. 
 
The Centennial Companion. 73 
 
 This magnificent group of fine buildings stands upon 
 a square containing more than six acres, and when a 
 Library building (now contemplated,) completes the 
 quadrilateral, and the grounds adjacent are as highly im- 
 proved as they must be, to correspond with the grand 
 pile which surrounds it, not only the city, but the whole 
 '* Keystone State,'' may well be proud of its Univer- 
 sity. 
 
 Toward the northern part of the city, within a rectan- 
 gular tract, containing forty- one acres, extending from 
 E-idge avenue, southwestward to Twenty- Fifth street, and 
 several hundred feet in width, and which is surrounded 
 by a massive marble-capped stone wall about twelve feet 
 in height, stands Girard College ^ known to the utmost 
 borders of civilization, and a perpetual monument to the 
 memory of '' one of God's noblemen," — a genuine phil- 
 anthropist. It is one of the most conspicuous ornaments 
 of the city, where the great merchant and financier whose 
 donations established and sustains it, lived, labored, pros- 
 pered and died. 
 
 The main entrance to these extensive grounds, is upon 
 the southern side and through a porter's lodge. The vis- 
 itor is admitted directly in front of that grand central 
 edifice, which is shown in all cuts and engravings as 
 ** Girard College ;" though four other large marble build- 
 ings are within the same enclosure, and are the portion 
 in actual use by the students. The design of the main 
 building is said to be precisely that of a Grecian Tem- 
 ple ; the superstructure resting upon a basement which is 
 reached by ascending eleven steps, which extend entirely 
 around the building, and from this enormous base rise 
 
74 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 that immense range of fluted Corinthian columns, whicli 
 are the peculiar attractive feature of the whole edifice. 
 There are eight of these columns in front and rear, and 
 eleven on each side including those at the corners ; they 
 are fifty-five feet in height, nearly ten feet in diameter 
 at the base, and surmounted by capitals of the Corin- 
 thian order eight and one -half feet in height, and these 
 support an immense and very elaborate pediment, from 
 which rises the splendid marble roof. The length of the 
 building surrounded by these enormous columns is one 
 hundred and sixty-nine feet, its width one hundred and 
 eleven feet, the height from the basement eighty-nine 
 feet, and total height about ninety-five feet. The en- 
 trances at the north and south fronts are by doors about 
 thirty feet in height and sixteen feet wide, and the floor 
 is laid with heavy marble blocks. The whole building is 
 apparently constructed of marble and iron, and though 
 we are informed the inner walls are of brick, no portion 
 of brickwork is anywhere visible. This remarkable build- 
 ing, erected in strict accordance with the will of the phil- 
 anthropic founder, from whatever direction it is viewed, 
 presents a most superb, imposing and majestic appear- 
 ance, and will be contemplated with pleasure by all who 
 have read the biography of the remarkable man, who ac- 
 cumulated the immense fortune which built it and sus- 
 tains its benevolent scheme, or who reflect upon the ines- 
 timable blessings this institution is annually conferring 
 upon the poor white fatherless boys of the State of Penn- 
 sylvania. 
 
 The other buildings, though they seem diminutive 
 in comparison with the stupendous central edifice, are 
 
The Centennial Companion* 75 
 
 one hundred and twenty-five feet in length, fifty-two 
 feet in width and three stories in height. They are built 
 of brick with marble facings, have copper covered roofs, 
 and, though plain, are commodious and comfortable, and 
 in every way adapted to the purposes for which they were 
 constructed, viz. : the accommodation of the teachers, 
 pupils and domestics. . The grounds are beautifully 
 adorned, and the entire cost of the whole was nearly two 
 million dollars. Nearly two thousand pupils have been 
 received at this famous institution, and there are now 
 about five hundred in attendance — the annual expense of 
 whose support and instruction is paid from the interest 
 upon the residuary estate of the illustrious donor, and 
 amounts annually to about one hundred and ninety thou- 
 sand dollars. The residuary estate is gradually increas- 
 ing, and already amounts to more than four million dol- 
 lars, and will ere the close of the present century, be so 
 large that its annual interest and profits will maintain as 
 many beneficiaries, as the extensive college grounds and 
 buildings can accommodate. 
 
 We have said enough to direct attention to this most 
 conspicuous structure and splendid ornament of the city 
 in which it is situated ; to say enough in eulogy of the 
 immortal philanthropist who devoted his princely fortune 
 to its construction and perpetual support, we feel is en- 
 tirely beyond the scope of our ability, as well as our 
 present design. 
 
 The Academy of J^atural Sciences^ now located on 
 Broad street above Walnut, but which will eventually be 
 removed to the elegant, extensive and highly ornamented 
 structure now in process of erection at the corner of 
 
76 Tke Centennial Companion. 
 
 Race and Nineteenth streets, and wHicli, when finally 
 completed, will be one of the most beautiful buildings 
 in the whole city, possesses the most amazing collections 
 of minerals, rocks, fossils, skeletons, etc., etc., in brief, 
 the most extensive museum of natural curiosities in this 
 country, if not in the world — at least 400,000 in num- 
 ber, and of almost innumerable species and varieties. 
 Instruction is here given in the natural sciences and the 
 facilities afforded are certainly of a very superior order. 
 To this vast museum the public are admitted two days 
 of each week at a trifling fee, which is devoted to the 
 erection of the new Academy building. 
 Several other scientific and literary institutions deserve 
 some description, but we have only space for their name 
 and location : 
 
 Seminary of St. Charles Borromeo, near Overbrook 
 Station on the Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 
 Protestant Episcopal Academy, Locust and Juniper 
 streets. 
 
 Lasalle College, 1321 Filbert street. 
 
 Seminary of Lutheran Church, 216 Franklin street. 
 
 St. Joseph's College, Willing's alley, below Fourth 
 street. 
 
 Protestant Episcopal Divinity School, Thirty-Ninth 
 and Walnut streets. 
 
 Institute for Colored Youth, Ninth and Bainbridge 
 streets. 
 
 Boys' High School of Philadelphia, Broad and Green 
 streets. 
 
 Girls' High School of Philadelphia, Sergeant street, 
 above Tenth street. 
 
The Centennial Chmpanion, 77 
 
 St. Philip's Literary Institute, 542 Queen street. 
 
 Academy of Fine Arts, Broad and Cherry streets. 
 
 Wagner's Free Institute of Science, Seventeenth street 
 and Montgomery avenue. 
 
 Catholic Philopathian Literary. Institute, 1227 Locust 
 street. 
 
 Franklin Institute, 15 South Seventh street. 
 
 Franklin Literary Institute, southwest corner of Twelfth 
 and Filbert streets. 
 
 School of Design for Women, Filbert and Merrick 
 streets. 
 
 Spring Garden Institute, Broad and Spring Garden 
 streets. 
 
 Carpenter's Company of Philadelphia, 322 Chestnut 
 street. 
 
 Athenaeum, Sixth and Adelphia streets. 
 
 Friends' Social Lyceum, Race and Fifteenth streets. 
 
 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 820 Spruce street. 
 
 American Literary Union, 1821 Green street. 
 
 Philadelphia Lyceum, southeast corner of Ninth" and 
 Spring Garden streets. 
 
 Pennsylvania Literary Association, 528 North Eighth 
 street. 
 
 Fairmount Park Art Association, 251 South Fourth 
 street. 
 
 Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia, 
 524 Walnut street. 
 
 Shakespeare Society of Philadelphia, No. 704 Walnut 
 street. 
 
 Wheatley Dramatic Association, Fifth and Gaskill 
 streets. 
 
78 The Centennial Companion. 
 
 American Entomological Society, 519 South Thir- 
 teenth street. 
 
 Handel and Haydn Society, 533 North Eighth street. 
 
 The name and location of Medical colleges may be 
 of especial interest to i^any, hence we give the follow- 
 ing, viz : 
 
 Jefferson Medical College, Tenth, below (which means 
 south) of Chestnut street. 
 
 American Medical Association, Wm. B. Atkinson, 
 Secretary, southwest corner of Broad and Pine streets. 
 
 Northern Medical Association, 608 Fairmount avenue. 
 
 College of Physicians of Philadelphia, Thirteenth and 
 Locust streets. 
 
 Alumni Association of Philadelphia College of Phar- 
 macy, Tenth, above Cherry street. 
 
 Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, North Tenth, near 
 Race street. 
 
 University of Pennsylvania, Thirty -Eourth and Spruce 
 streets. 
 
 Philadelphia Medical Society, Thirteenth and Locust 
 streets. 
 
 American Listitute of Homoeopathy, 913 North Tenth 
 street. 
 
 Hahueman Medical College, 1105 Filbert street. 
 
 Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, southeast 
 corner Arch and Tenth streets. 
 
 Philadelphia Dental College, 108 North Tenth street. 
 
 Woman's Medical College of Penns3'lvania, North 
 College avenue and Twenty- Second street. 
 
 We complete this chapter by giving the name and lo- 
 
The Centennial Companion, 79 
 
 cation of the principal libraries in the city. They will 
 be found as follows : 
 
 Philadelphia Library, corner of Fifth and Library 
 streets. 
 
 Mercantile Library, Tenth, above Chestnut street. 
 
 Apprentices' Library, Fifth and Arch streets. 
 
 Friends' Library, 304 Arch street ; also Race and 
 Fifteenth streets. 
 
 Law Library, Sixth and Walnut streets. 
 
 Franklin Library, 1420 Frankf ord avenue. 
 
 Ridgeway Library, Broad and Christian streets. 
 
 Mechanics' Library, 1104 South Fifth street. 
 
 American Mechanics' Library, Fourth and George 
 streets. 
 
 German Library, 24 South Seventh street. 
 
 Dial Library, 1600 South Fifth street. 
 
 Southwark Library, 765 South Second street. 
 
 Kensington Library, Girard avenue and Day street. 
 
 Moyamensing Library, Eleventh and Catherine streets. 
 
 James Page Library, 208 East Girard avenue. 
 
 Hermann Library, 347 North Third street. 
 
 Taber Mutual Library, 1721 Fitzwater street. 
 
I 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Churches and Religious Societies. 
 
 Upon Eighteentli street, above Race, fronting west- 
 ward upon Logan Square, stands the stately and majestic 
 Cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul, one of the grand- 
 est and most imposing religious edifices upon the conti- 
 nent. The work upon this great structure, which is 
 two hundred and sixteen feet in length, one hundred and 
 thirty- six feet in width, and the height to the apex of 
 the pediment one hundred and one feet, while the enor- 
 mous dome, about seventy feet in diameter at the base, 
 rises to the height of two hundred and ten feet, was pro- 
 jected by Bishop Kenrick in 1846, and was brought to 
 completion and dedicated under the direction of the 
 distinguished Bishop Wood, his successor, in 1864 — the 
 celebrated Le Brun being the architect of the main buil- 
 ding, and Notman of the immense facade, which consists 
 of a broad and highly embellished portico supported by 
 four huge and colossal columns, about six feet in diame- 
 ter and sixty feet in height, having finely decorated capi- 
 tals. The external walls are of brown stone, and the 
 cost of the entire structure was more than a million of 
 dollars, a considerable portion of which was expended 
 upon the magnificent fi^esco work and painting of the in- 
 terior, which is wonderfully significant as well as beauti- 
 
The Centennial Companion. 81 
 
 ful. The style of tlie wliole edifice may be classed as Ro- 
 man Corinthian, and the most striking peculiarity of the 
 whole is that there are no side windows, the whole being 
 lighted from above, and the light being so thrown through 
 stained glass windows, wondrously augments the rare 
 beauty of the solemn pictures, and adds vastly to the 
 feelings of awe and reverential admiration which thrill the 
 devotional beholder. As Girard College, only a few blocks 
 to the northward, stands in perpetual commemoration of 
 the munificent philanthropy of its founder, so is this 
 great and gorgeous Cathedral, a monument of the relig- 
 ious zeal and unwavering devotion of the denomination 
 by which it was erected. 
 
 Upon the corner of Arch and Broad streets is erected 
 one of the most elegant, grand and beautiful of all the 
 sacred edifices in the whole city, known as the Arch 
 Street Methodist Episcopal Church, In style of 
 architecture it is purely Gothic, and being constructed 
 entirely of white marble, with a symmetrical and slender 
 spire, wdiich rises to the height of two hundred and thir- 
 ty-three feet, all superbly finished and decorated, it com- 
 mands the admiration of all who behold it, and is truly 
 styled a marvel of beauty. 
 
 Among the remarkable church edifices of the city, 
 none will be more likely to attract the attention of a 
 stranger, than a singular structure, also upon the corner 
 of Arch and Broad streets, and in the immediate neigh- 
 borhood of the church above described, as well as the 
 Masonic Temple. In peculiarity of style (we do not 
 venture to place it in any order), the JYew Lutheran 
 Church, or more properly St. John's Lutheran 
 
82 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 Churchy stands without a rival, and yet the only fea- 
 ture of the whole building which renders it so conspicu- 
 ous, is the massive tower at the northeast corner, the de- 
 sign of which is most decidedly unique and surprising. 
 It is twenty-six feet square, and from the base to the 
 height of more than ninety feet, with the exception of 
 doors and windows, is uniform in size and like a massive 
 shaft, standing far above the main building bold and in- 
 dependent, yet at this elevation (only ninety- two feet by 
 actual measurement) circular turrets which are fifty- two 
 feet in height, including pinnacles, are projected upon 
 each corner, and between these rises a slate roof, very 
 steep and of the mansard style, to the height of about 
 eighty feet, and the apex is surmounted with an orna- 
 mented iron railing. The windows upon both Broad and 
 Arch street fronts are of stained glass and of magnifi- 
 cent height and proportions. The interior of the build- 
 ing far surpasses the exterior in the richness and splendor 
 of its decorations. 
 
 The Centennial visitor will do well to visit these gor- 
 geous places of worship erected by the wealthy, and re- 
 presentative of the opulence of a great and prosperous 
 city; yet while so doing will doubtless, with one of 
 America's noblest and best poets, remember and reflect, 
 *'the groves were God's first temples," and that the 
 humble devotions of the pure in heart are as acceptable 
 to the Most High, when offered in the grove or primitive 
 log- cabin, as in the most wonderful and gorgeous tem- 
 ples ever reared by human hands. 
 
 To very many other striking and lovely church edifices 
 we would gladly direct attention, and attempt a descrip- 
 
The Centennial Companion. S3 
 
 tion in our feeble way, did space permit. But as to 
 others we must content ourselves with the bare mention 
 of name and location. Notice, kind reader, and if you 
 remain here during a Sabbath, visit one of the following 
 named places of worship, viz : 
 
 Church of the Messiah (Presbyterian), corner of 
 Broad and Federal streets. 
 
 Beth Eden Church, Broad, north of Spruce street. 
 
 First Baptist Church, Broad and Arch streets. 
 
 Grace M. E. Church, northwest corner of Broad and 
 Master streets. 
 
 Baptist Tabernacle, north side of Chestnut street, 
 above Eighteenth. 
 
 Christ Church, Second street, (see " Objects of His- 
 torical Interest.") 
 
 St. Paul's Church, Third street, below Walnut. 
 
 St. Stephen's Church, Tenth street, between Market 
 and Chestnut streets. 
 
 St. John's Church, east side of Thirteenth street, 
 above (north) Chestnut. 
 
 First Presbyterian Church, south of and fronting on 
 Washington square. 
 
 Messiah Universalist Church, Locust street, west of 
 University Buildings. 
 
 First Unitarian Church, corner of Locust and Tenth 
 streets. 
 
 St. Andrew's Church, Eighth street, above Spruce. 
 
 St. Joseph's (Catholic) Church, near Reading Rail- 
 road Depot. 
 
 Old St. Mary's Church, on Fourth street, below Wil- 
 ling's alley. 
 
84 The Centennial Companion. 
 
 Old Pine Street, or Third Presbyterian Churcli, corner 
 of Pine and Fourth streets. 
 
 Gloria Die, or Old Swede's Churcli, Sansom street, 
 below Christian street, near old Navj Yard. 
 
 Second Presbyterian Church, southeast corner of Wal- 
 nut and Twenty-First streets. 
 
 Holy Trinity Church, northwest corner of Nineteenth 
 and Walnut streets. 
 
 St. Clement's Church, corner of Cherry and Twen- 
 tieth streets. 
 
 Old Methodist Episcopal Church, east side Fourth 
 street, below New street. 
 
 St. Augustine's Church, west side Fourth street. 
 
 Fifth Baptist Church, corner of Eighteenth and Spring 
 Garden streets. 
 
 Berean Church, corner Chestnut and Fortieth streets. 
 
 First Baptist Church (W. Phila.), Chestnut and Thir- 
 ty-Sixth street. 
 
 Catholic Church, Chestnut and Thirty-Eighth streets. 
 
 St. Peter's Church (Catholic), corner of Fifth street 
 and Girard avenue. 
 
 St. Luke's Episcopal Church (Protestant), Thirteenth 
 street, below Locust. 
 
 Swedenborgian Church, corner Brandywine and North 
 Broad streets. 
 
 Hicksite Meeting House (Quaker), south side Race, 
 above Fifteenth street. 
 
 Quaker Meeting House, Arch street, between Ninth 
 and Tenth streets. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Mariner's Chapel, Washington 
 avenue and Water street. 
 
The Centennial Companion* 85 
 
 In this connection we give tlie following List of Reli- 
 gious Publication Societies and Associations : 
 
 American Tract Society, 1408 Chestnut street. 
 
 Protestant Episcopal Book Society, 1234 Chestnut 
 street. 
 
 Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1334 Chestnut 
 street. 
 
 Hebrew Education Society, North Seventh street, near 
 Callowhill. 
 
 American Baptist Publication Society, 530 Arch street. 
 
 Evangelical Lutheran Publication Society, 117 North 
 Sixth street. 
 
 Pennsylvania Bible Society, 701 Walnut street. 
 
 Reformed Episcopal Publication Society, 1227 San- 
 som street. 
 
 Friend's Book Association, 109 North Tenth street. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Publication Rooms, 1018 Arch 
 street. 
 
 Friend's Bible Association of America, 116 North 
 Fourth street. 
 
 American Sunday School Union, 1122 Chestnut street. 
 
 Episcopal Female Tract Depository, 1316 Chestnut 
 street. 
 
 German Reformed Board of Home Missions, 2043 
 Wallace street. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association, 1210 Chestnut 
 street. 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 Cemeteries, Monuments, Etc, 
 
 The immemorial custom, long prevalent in England, of 
 consigning the sacred dust of the " dear departed" to a 
 grave in an enclosure containing a church, thereby in 
 some degree assimilating the services of the sanctuary, 
 and solemn rites of the church, to the great change when 
 the " mortal puts on immortality," and hence enshroud- 
 ing Religion with a sombre mantle, instead of a cheerful 
 and love-inspiring garb, seems to have been adopted in 
 early years in Philadelphia, and we notice to the rear and 
 sometimes upon the sides of some of the oldest churches 
 in the city, ancient, weather-stained gravestones, a verit- 
 able " churchyard," such as is immortalized in Gray's 
 Elegy. In an early day too, blocks and parts of blocks, 
 now in the heart of the great city, around which the din, 
 rattle and rumble of hundi^eds of vehicles is constantly 
 heard, were consecrated to the interment of these who 
 had done with " life's fitful fever ;" and these surrounded 
 by massive walls, (long since filled with graves), and 
 nicely laid off with walks and ornamented with trees and 
 shrubbery, strike the beholder though beautiful, as out of 
 place, or rather, as at present misplaced. 
 
 To the honor of the city it must be said that all the 
 cemeteries in the city, and we believe the number eauals 
 
The Centennial Companion, 87 
 
 that of tlie years allotted to man's earthly existence, are 
 surrounded by walls or substantial fences, are generally 
 laid out with graveled walks, between the long rows of 
 marble slabs and memorial columns, frequently decor- 
 ated with trees and shrubbery, and are without exception 
 so far as we have noticed, kept in an excellent state of 
 repair. To attempt to describe even a small portion of 
 or to compare them with each other, would be no trifling 
 task and one entirely beyond and aside from our present 
 intention. We cannot however forbear to direct atten- 
 tion specially to two or three, as worthy of the inspection 
 of all visitors to the city and tourists. 
 
 Toward the northwestern part of the city, separated 
 only by the river road which leads from that part of 
 Fairmount Park lying east of the Schuylkill to the por- 
 tion along the banks of the Wissahickon, froni the banks 
 of the lovely Schuylkill and extending to the eastward to 
 Ridge avenue, and containing more than a hundred acres, 
 unrivaled in the whole world as to location, is Laurel 
 Hill Cemetery^ a truly modern improvement on the 
 gloomy churchyards of ^' the olden time." 
 
 Though this beautiful Cemetery was not laid out until 
 1835, it is said that more than twenty thousand bodies 
 are here interred, many having been removed from the 
 original repositories in the heart of the city ; for as in 
 other cities, by the extension of streets and other improve- 
 ments incidental and apparently necessary to the growth 
 of a grand metropolis, some of the old graveyards and 
 burial grounds have been cut through and broken up, and 
 in some instances in laying the foundations for stores 
 and other buildings, the skulls and bones of some whp 
 
88 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 •walked these streets a century and more ago, have been 
 ruthlessly interfered with ; and if no descendants came 
 forward to take charge of what remained, the hones of 
 scores if not hundreds, were consigned to one common 
 grave. But let us turn from the contemplation of scenes 
 so unsightly and repulsive, and enter* Laurel Hill Ceme- 
 tery fi'om the main entrance on Eidge avenue. Passing 
 through the corridor of Doric columns, in the brown stone 
 building or entrance lodge, we come in sight of many 
 hundreds of polished granite and marble shafts, amidst 
 the trees and shrubbery which decorate the undulating 
 summit of the ridge, and the grounds sloping towards 
 the river. Near the entrance we stop to notice Thorn's 
 famous group styled '^ Old Mortality," and next the 
 obelisk upon the grave of the Mariner's friend, God- 
 frey, the inventor of the quadrantc Soon we come to a 
 Gothic Chapel, and here pause to notice shafts and mon- 
 uments of exceeding beauty, but we cannot take space 
 to particularize. 
 
 The memorials of Gen Mercer, who fell at Princeton, 
 of Gen Triggs in the Mexican War, of Commodore Hull, 
 of John Fitch the real inventor of the steamboat ; Thomas 
 McKean, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, 
 Charles Thompson, Secretary of the Continental Con- 
 ' gress, and Dr, Elisha Kane, the Arctic Explorer, are es- 
 pecially noticeable, as are also the monuments to the 
 memory of many others, whose names are conspicuous 
 upon the pages of our Nation's history, as well as thou- 
 sands who in the humbler walks of life, were surrounded 
 by " troops of friends^" and well performed theii' several 
 
The Centennial Companion, 89 
 
 parts upon the stage of life, and jet, outside of their 
 own State and city, are '' unknown to fame." 
 
 The chapel-shaped Italian marble vault of the Godey 
 family is singularly elegant and symmetrical ; the memor- 
 ial of the Sanders family most superb and imposing^ 
 and the marble that marks the last resting place of Isabel 
 Coleman, is a very paragon of grace and loveliness, a 
 noble specimen of art. 
 
 To the eastward on the opposite side of Ridge avenue 
 is Mount Vernon Cemetery ^ and to northward of this 
 on Nicetown Lane, Mount Peace Cemetery^ which con- 
 tain many noble shafts and beautiful monuments, as well 
 as thousands of plain or but slightly ornamented marble 
 slabs, marking the final resting place of those who have 
 lived and loved, enjoyed and suffered, and departed to 
 that " bourne whence no traveler returns." 
 
 Upon the left, after passing Bleckley almshouse on 
 the Darby road, we come to Woodland Cemetery^ one 
 of the most remarkable in the United States. It lies 
 between Darby road and the Schuylkill, along which 
 there is a walled front, and was formerly the Hamilton 
 estate ; and there still remains within the grounds the 
 grand stone mansion erected by one of the family a few 
 years subsequent to the revolutionary war. The ceme- 
 tery contains about eighty acres and is mainly filled with 
 huge and stately forest trees, among which the oaks, 
 elms and poplars predominate, though there are many 
 other varieties, indeed, nearly all which endure the 
 severity and sudden changes of this latitude. Passing 
 through this magnificent grove, the visitor comes in 
 sight of some of the most superb and imposing menu? 
 
90 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 ments and shafts ever, in modern times, erected. Those 
 specially attracting attention are upon the graves of 
 Commodore David Porter, Admiral Stuart, the "Old 
 Ironsides" of the American navy, Courtland Sanders, 
 Lieut. Greble and many others. The shaft with architec- 
 tural decorations upon the grave of the celebrated Dr. 
 David Jayne, whose medicines are known wherever the 
 English language is spoken, , and that of William H. 
 Moore, with pinnacles and towers and embellished with 
 almost a superfluity of ornamentation, will not fail to 
 be noticed. 
 
 The mausoleum of the Drexel family, built of white 
 marble, nearly in the style of some temple of ancient 
 Greece, the frontal pediment being supported by Doric 
 columns, is one of the most splendid and beautiful, as 
 well as expensive monuments ever erected in this 
 country. In this cemetery are also the graves of Maj. 
 Gen. Birney, Rev. Stephen H. Tyng and many other 
 distinguished men of the present century. These mem- 
 orably lovely grounds were not, devoted to the present 
 use until about the year 1840, and now contain less than 
 eight thousand graves. The especial charm which this 
 **City of the Silent" possesses, is not so much in the 
 monuments which have been reared by the wealthy at 
 enormous expense, as in the silent grandeur of its forest 
 groves, its natural adornments. 
 
 Monumental Cemetery, situated on the west side of 
 Broad street, and extending from a short distance above 
 Montgomery avenue to above Norris street, is chiefly 
 noted for its central granite monument, erected jointly 
 to the memory of Washington and Lafayette, names 
 
The Centennial Companion, 91 
 
 dear to the heart of every American citizen. The di- 
 mensions of the several parts of this magnificent monu- 
 ment, are made to represent or correspond with the ages 
 of the immortal heroes, the number of original States, and 
 the number when the monument was erected, the num- 
 ber of signers of the Declaration of Independence, etc. 
 There are many other minor monuments in this fine 
 cemetery, but the grand one from which it takes its 
 name, is apt to absorb all attention from them. 
 
 West Laurel Hill Cemetery^ on Belmont avenue, 
 beyond the city limits, and situated on a lofty eminence, 
 seems, for several reasons, to be specially adapted to 
 become one of the most beautiful and attractive places 
 of the kind ever selected. The views of the Schuylkill, 
 and surrounding country from it, are exceedingly pic- 
 turesque and delightful. As only a few years have 
 elapsed since it was laid out, it owes its loveliness much 
 more to nature than the adornment of art. 
 
 The statue of Lincoln and the memorial to the mem- 
 ory of Grafi", in Fairmount, are deserving of a minute 
 description, but we must pass them by, to give the name 
 and location of some of the many cemeteries in the city. 
 
 Cathedral Cemetery is situated on Lancaster avenue 
 and Forty-Eighth street. 
 
 Glenwood Cemetery, Ridge avenue and Islington 
 Lane. Ofiice, 16 N. Seventh street. 
 
 Odd Fellows' Cemetery, Twenth-Fourth street and 
 Islington Lane.. 
 
 Knights of Pythias Cemetery, Fisher's Lane and 
 Asylum Turnpike. Office, 2054 N. Sixth street. 
 
 Lafayette Cemetery, Nintl^ and Wharton streetf. 
 
92 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 Bethel Enestli Cemetery, Fislier's avenue and Market 
 street, West Philadelphia. 
 
 City Burial Ground, Hart Lane and Lamb's Tavern 
 road. 
 
 Friend's Cemetery, Fourth and Arch streets. 
 
 Mount Moriah Cemetery, Darby road. Office, 132 
 S. Sixth street. 
 
 United American Mechanics' Cemetery, Twenty-Fourth 
 street and Islington Lane. 
 
 Christ Church Cemetery, Fifth and Arch streets. 
 
 Swedish Church Cemetery, 931 Otsego street. 
 ■ Fernwood Cemetery, Church Lane and Baltimore 
 Turnpike. Office, 146 S. Fourth street. 
 
 Cedar Hill Cemetery, 4610 Frankford avenue. 
 
 Hebrew Cemetery, Frankford. 
 
 Bonaldson's Cemetery, Ninth and Bainbridge streets. 
 
 Macphelah Cemetery, Washington avenue and Tenth 
 street. 
 
 St. Peter's Cemetery, Third and Pine streets. 
 
 Lebanon Cemetery, Pass yunk avenue and Penrose 
 Ferry road. Office, 716 Lombard street. 
 
 Union Cemetery, Washington avenue and Sixth street. 
 
 New Cathedral Cemetery, Second street road, near 
 Nicetown. 
 
 Laurel Hill Cemetery office, 524 Walnut street. 
 
 Woodland Cemetery office, 709 Walnut street. 
 
 West Laurel Hill Cemetery office, 115 S. Fifth street. 
 
 Mt. Vernon Cemetery office, 137 S. Fifth street 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Places of tdmusements. 
 
 Those wlio toil earnestly with hand or brain, find rest 
 and recreation among the necessities of human nature ; 
 and as those whose lives are devoted to physical toil usu- 
 ally find solace in the pipe of tobacco, the fireside chat 
 and strength-giving sleep ; those whose mental powers 
 are taxed to the utmost by the cares and vexations of 
 business, are wont to seek recreation, a relief for the 
 mind, by something which will entirely distract it from 
 the afi'airs with which it is burdened. Hence for all, but 
 more especially for the class secondly above namad, we 
 find in all large cities many places of recreation and 
 amusement. Of those afforded by the City of Philadel- 
 phia, whether properly or not we are by no means cer- 
 tain, we place in the foremost rank the Zoological 
 Gardens^ which are held and controlled by the Zoologi- 
 cal Society of Philadelphia. These extensive gardens, 
 covering a tract of about thirty- five acres, are situated 
 in that part of Fairmount Park, lying immediately west 
 of the Schuylkill river, and south of Girard avenue. It 
 was formerly known as the *' Solitude," and here still re- 
 mains an ancient house of somewhat English manorial 
 style, surrounded by a grove of more than a century's 
 growth, which was built by John Penn, the grandson of 
 
94 The Centennial Companion. 
 
 I 
 
 the founder of the City ; and owned by his descendants 
 until acquired by the park commissioners, when it was 
 determined to extend the park to the westward of the 
 river. The Zoological Society having leased it, have, 
 within a few years, made many valuable improvements, 
 in adapting the extensive and lovely grounds to the keep- 
 ing and exhibition of their numerous birds and animals. 
 
 They have a deer park, buffalo park, a beaver dam, a 
 house furnishing winter quarters for animals brought 
 from tropical climates, bear pits and a tasteful and ele- 
 gant house for monkeys. 
 
 The collection is very numerous, consisting of ele- 
 phants, lions, tigers, giraffes, buffaloes, kangaroos, hye- 
 nas, deer, wolves, beavers, prairie dogs, etc. 
 
 The aviary is also a very elegant structure and espe- 
 cially adapted to the wants of its feathered inmates, of 
 which we shall not attempt to give even a partial list. 
 
 The Society have agents in almost every part of the 
 globe securing and shipping to them rare and interesting 
 specimens, and thus additions are constantly being made 
 to their now extensive catalogue of beasts and birds, and 
 they intend in the course of a few years to make their 
 collection as complete as those of the famous Zoological 
 Gardens of Paris and London. 
 
 Of the numerous theatres which nightly attract thou- 
 sands to behold the displays of the " histrionic art," we. 
 can only give a very brief description of one of the old- 
 est and most prominent. Walnut Street Theatre^ upon 
 the northwest corner of Walnut and Ninth streets, was 
 built as early as 1809, but has since been thoroughly re- 
 modeled and refitted. It has a marble front upon Walnut 
 
The Centennial Companion, 95 
 
 street ninety feet in width, two stories in height and em-^ 
 bellished with a range of Doric columns, and a depth of 
 nearly one hundred and fifty feet* The interior is ar- 
 ranged so that in parquette, dress circle, balcony and 
 family circle there are about fifteen hundred elegant, 
 upholstered and exceedingly comfortable seats. The en- 
 tire finishing and furnishing is rich and tasteful, and 
 beneath the intense light presents a most gorgeous ap- 
 pearance. The stage is a model and the scenery the fin- 
 est that can be procured *' without regard to expense." 
 Here Kean, Kemble, Forrest and many other noted 
 * 'stars" have made some of their grandest efforts, have 
 thrilled their auditors with delight, and received the full 
 meed of generous applause. Here too Ristori, Janaus- 
 chauk and others gifted with the powers of song, have 
 shone in the zenith of their fame, and here the '' stars'^ 
 of the present day will be found each season. 
 
 We append the name and location of the other princi- 
 pal theaters, opera houses, etc. 
 
 Chestnut Street Theatre, Chestnut street, above Twelfth 
 street. 
 
 Arch Street Theatre, Mrs. John Drews, Arch, above 
 Sixth street. 
 
 Col. Wood's Museum, Arch and Sixth streets. 
 
 Arch Street Opera House, Arch and Tenth streets. 
 
 Fox's Theatre, Chestnut street, above Tenth. 
 
 New Eleventh Street Opera House, Eleventh street, 
 above Chestnut. 
 
 Academy of Music, Broad and Locust streets. 
 
 Concert Hall, Chestnut street, below Thirteenth. 
 
 Musical Fund Hall, Locust street, below Eighth. 
 
96 The Centennial Companion. 
 
 Grand Central Variety, Walnut street, above Eightli. 
 
 Horticultural Hall, Broad street, adjoining Academy 
 of Music. 
 
 Noonan's Varieties, Ninth and Chestnut streets. 
 
 Pt. Breeze Racing Park, Pt. Breeze near Penrose 
 Ferry Bridge. 
 
 Union Racing Park, Lamb Tavern Road, west of 
 Broad street. 
 
 Smith's Island, opposite Delaware Front. 
 
CHAPTER Xn. 
 Hotels, 
 
 To those residing at a distance, and who intend to 
 tigit the city, partake in the celebration of the One Hun- 
 dreth Annitersary of our national existence, attend the 
 great international exhibition, and examine the most 
 "Wonderful displays in the departments of art, science, 
 taafiiifactured and agricultural products, which have ever 
 been bfOUght together for exhibition, at any time or 
 place ; the question, where shall we find a temporary 
 abode, where lodge and where satisfy the demands of hun- 
 ger and thirst, are of constantly recurring and vital inter- 
 est ; and unless in some way assured that entertainment 
 can be procured at some price in the city, or at the Cen- 
 tennial grounds, many thousands will abandon the idea 
 of becoming a '^Centennial visitor," as altogether im- 
 possible or chimerical. 
 
 To all who contemplate attending the grand Centen- 
 nial, we can say that the City of Philadelphia has within 
 its limits a very large number of established hotels, some 
 of which are of enormous dimensions, containing ''all 
 the modern conveniences," and furnished in the highest 
 style of elegance and fashion ; and others in a more 
 plain, less ostentatious manner. Further, that in the 
 vicinity of the Centennial grounds several large and very 
 
 9 
 
98 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 commodious structures of like character have already 
 been erected, and many more will in a few weeks be 
 built, finished and furnished ready for the accommodation 
 of hundreds of guests, with a degree of celerity known 
 only to the American people, and wholly marvellous to 
 those of the older nations of the world. 
 
 Besides the accommodations which the established and 
 temporary hotels can furnish, a vast number of visitors 
 will find hundreds, probably thousands, of good board- 
 ing houses, in which many of the comforts of home may 
 be enjoyed, and temporary privations endured as a mat- 
 ter of necessity. Though we are aware that the means 
 of speedy transit afforded by the railroads, will allow 
 many to secure the necessary accommodations of which 
 we are speaking in New York City, and other cities and 
 towns less distant upon their lines, we are still, after dil- 
 igent inquiry, unable to ascertain how all will be supplied, 
 unless, by Government aid, resort is had to tents, and 
 vast camps are established on all the open grounds con- 
 tiguous to the city. 
 
 Of the established hotels in the city, the Continental 
 Hotels at the corner of Chestnut and Ninth streets, and 
 extending from Chestnut to Sansom streets, six stories 
 in height, and covering an area of nearly forty-two 
 thousand square feet, is the largest, and for more than 
 fifteen years has obtained a large attendance, and the 
 highest commendation of the traveling public. Its 
 grand elevator carries the guests from the lower to the 
 highest story. Its rooms are large and richly up- 
 holstered. Its table is provided as well with the substan- 
 tial articles of diet as with almost every delicacy of the 
 
The Centennial Companion, 99 
 
 land. Its telegraph office and baggage rooms are espe- 
 cially convenient to business men. Its parlors are com- 
 modious and elegant. In brief, in every respect its ap- 
 pointments are most complete and perfect, and it richly 
 deserves the name of an elegant first-class American 
 Hotel. 
 
 The Girard Hotel, directly opposite, is also very 
 large and commodious, is superbly furnished in every 
 part, and as to its parlors, rooms, tables, etc., is an hon- 
 orable rival of the Continental, and its enterprising and 
 undaunted competitor for public favor. Its guests secure 
 polite and unremitted attention, and to their favorable 
 reports it owes its great and ever -increasing popularity. 
 
 The Colonnade Hotel, on the southwest corner of 
 Chestnut and Fifteenth streets, is one of the most im- 
 posing and best constructed buildings in this part of the 
 city, and in every way adapted to the purposes which the 
 owner and proprietor had in view at the time of its erec- 
 tion. In every respect it will compare most favorably 
 with the Continental and Girard, and can scarcely be 
 surpassed in its comforts and conveniences by any hotel 
 in this or the other great cities of this country. 
 
 The Grand Union Hotel, upon Eleventh, Cambria 
 and Somerset streets (in the northern part of the city), 
 opened on January 1, 1876, is one of the largest and 
 best arranged hotels in the city, and will accommodate 
 two thousand guests during the Centennial year. It is 
 built of serpentine stone with mansard slate roof, is 
 neatly and elegantly furnished, and provided with all the 
 modern improvements ; and though not in the heart or 
 business part of the city, by means of the street cars is 
 
100 The Centennial Companion. 
 
 almost as convenient for those doing business upon tlie 
 main business streets ; and is also bj the same means in 
 constant communication with the Centennial Grounds, 
 ^(rhose visitors it is specially intended to accommodate. 
 Of the less pretentious, but doubtless very nearly as 
 comfortable hotels, we can only give the name and lo- 
 cation, 
 
 Bingham Hotel, Eleventh and Market streets, 
 
 American Hotel, 517 Chestnut street. 
 
 Washington Hotel, 711 Chestnut street. 
 
 St. Stephen's Hotel, 1018 Chestnut street. 
 
 LaPierre Hotel, South Broad, below Chestnut street. 
 
 St. Elmo Hotel, 317 Arch street. 
 
 Eagle Hotel, 227 N. Third street. 
 
 Merchant's Hotel, 42 N. Fourth street. 
 
 Merchant's Hotel, 415 N. Third street. 
 
 Bald Eagle Hotel, 414 N. Third street. 
 
 Black Bear Hotel, 425 N. Third street. 
 
 Guy's Hotel, Seventh and Chestnut streets. 
 
 Pennsylvania Farmers' Hotel, 342 N. Third street. 
 
 Ridgeway Hotel, 1 Market street. 
 
 Commercial Hotel, 826 Market street. 
 
 Central Avenue Hotel, 831 Market street. 
 
 Alleghany Hotel, 812 Market street. 
 
 Bull's Head Hotel, 1025 Market street. 
 
 Great Western Hotel, 1311 Market street. 
 
 Johnson Hotel, 1115 Market street. 
 
 National Hotel, 1715 Market street. 
 
 New Market Hotel, 1619 Market street. 
 
 Wm. Penn Hotel, 431 Market street. 
 
 Allen House, 1220 Market street. 
 
The Centennial Gorripdniofii 101 
 
 Bull's Head Hotel, 3734 Market street, W. PMla- 
 delphia. 
 Germania Hotel, 2330 Market street. 
 Arcli Street Hotel, 1 Arch street. 
 European House, 313 Arch street. 
 Mansion House, 619 Arch street. 
 Central Hotel, 623 Arch street. 
 St. Cloud Hotel, 709 Arch street. 
 Barley Sheaf Hotel, 257 N. Second street. 
 Black Horse Hotel, 352 N. Second street. 
 White Horse Hotel, 316 N. Third street. 
 Sorrel Horse Hotel, 268 N. Fourth street. 
 Brennan Hotel, 728 Filbert street. 
 Smedlej's Hotel, 1227 Filbert street. 
 St. James Hotel, 304 Race street. 
 White Bear Hotel, Fifth and Race streets. 
 Zeisse Hotel, 820 Walnut street. 
 Irving Hotel, 917 Walnut street. 
 Brevort Hotel, Ninth and Walnut streets. 
 Petry's Hotel, Broad and Walnut streets. 
 Clarendon Hotel, 115 S. Eighth street. 
 Brady Hotel, 242 N. Eighth street. 
 Penn Manor, Eighth and Spring Garden streets. 
 Golden Fleece Hotel, 310 Cherry street. 
 Manufacturer's Hotel, 312 Cherry street. 
 Markoe Hotel, 919 Chestnut street. 
 Tiger Hotel, 327 Vine street. 
 Columbia Hotel, 111 N. Broad street. 
 Columbia Hotel, 216 N. Second street. 
 Red Lion Hotel, 472 K Second street. 
 Top Gallant Hotel, Broad street and Ridge avenue. 
 
102 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 Clinton Hotel, 1608 Ridge avenue. 
 Montgomery Hotel, 413 N. Sixth street. 
 Lincoln Hotel, Fourth and Wood streets. 
 St. Charles Hotel, 54 N. Third street. 
 Mercantile Hotel, 23 S. Tenth street. 
 Globe Hotel, Belmont, below Elm avenue. 
 
CHAPTER Xm. 
 
 Banks ^ Deposit Companies^ Etc. 
 
 Of tlie many substantial and expensive buildings wbicb 
 grace the streets of PhiladelpMa, none are more likely 
 to rivet the attention of all, than those which have been 
 constructed for banking and similar purposes. A lead- 
 ing characteristic of all, is the massive solidity of their 
 facades, nearly all being built of brown stone, granite 
 or marble, and though generally plain, with heavy orna- 
 mented cornices, upon some are displayed fine speci- 
 mens of ancient and modern architecture. The group 
 on the north side of Chestnut street, between Fourth and 
 Fifth streets, is among the most magnificent, and will 
 be noted by all passing observers, even upon a street 
 where most of the buildings are five stories in height, 
 and marble and brown stone fronts very numerous ; be- 
 cause it is unusual to find together five such valuable, 
 symmetricaland highly finished structures, each costing 
 at least two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The 
 marble front, next to Fourth street, is owned and occu- 
 pied by the Philadelphia Trust and Safe Deposit 
 Company ; the next, also of marble, is the Philadel- 
 phia JVational Bank ; next, of beautiful white marble, 
 is the Farmers and Mechanics* Bank. Fourth in 
 the row is the banking house of the Pennsylvania 
 
104 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 Company for Insurance on Lives and Granting 
 Annuities, built of dark colored granite, very massive 
 and compact in appearance ; and the last is the People^ s 
 Bank, also of granite of a lighter shade, but of equal 
 solidity and strength. We will attempt no further des- 
 cription of this admirable row of costly buildings, of 
 which the pure whiteness of the central is perhaps the 
 most striking feature. 
 
 On the south of Chestnut street, between Third and 
 Fourth streets, stands a peculiar and profusely orna- 
 mented structure, in which the business of the Guaran- 
 tee and Safe Deposit Company is transacted. The 
 style of architecture is the modern Italian, and the front 
 is of three parts or sections ; the central containing the 
 entrance, and upon each side are enormous pavilions, which 
 rise to the height of the apex of the centre, and are com- 
 pleted by mansard towers, with ornamental iron railings. 
 The various colored brick of the walls, the curved stone 
 used in the projections and around the windows, and the 
 excess of ornamentation all combine to give the edifice a 
 most remarkable appearance. 
 
 The magnificent granite structure on the northwest 
 corner of Chestnut and Tenth streets, built by the Mu- 
 tual Life Insurance Company of ^ew York, is one 
 of the most beautiful and exquisitely finished buildings in 
 the whole City, but we have not space for description. 
 
 As a directory to the banks, etc., we give the name and 
 location of the following : 
 
 Bank Clearing House, 429 Chestnut street. 
 
 Bank of North America, 307 Chestnut street. 
 
 Commercial National Bank, 314 Chestnut street. 
 
The Centennial Companion. 105 
 
 Commonwealtli National Bank, Fourtli and Chestmit 
 streets. 
 
 Corn Exchange National Bank, northeast corner Sec- 
 ond and Chestnut streets. 
 
 Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, 427 Chestnut street 
 
 First National Bank, 313 Chestnut street. 
 
 Keystone (State) Bank, 1326 Chestnut street. 
 
 National Bank of Commerce, 209 Chestnut street. 
 
 National Bank of the Republic, 318 Chestnut street. 
 
 People's (State) Bank, Chestnut street, below Fifth. 
 
 Philadelphia National Bank, 423 Chestnut street. 
 
 Union Banking Company, 310 Chestnut street. 
 
 United States Banking Company, 824 Chestnut street. 
 
 Western National Bank, 408 Chestnut street. 
 
 Girard National Bank, Third street, below Chestnut. 
 
 Consolidation National Bank, 331 N. Third street. 
 
 Manufacturers' National Bank, 27 N. Third street. 
 
 Mechanics' National Bank, 22 S. Third street. 
 
 Tradesman's National Bank, 113 S. Third street. 
 
 Union National Bank, Third and Arch streets. 
 
 Bank of America, 306 Walnut street. 
 
 Citizens' Bank, Second and Race streets. 
 
 City National Bank, 32 N. Sixth street. 
 
 National Bank of Northern States, 300 N. Third 
 street. 
 
 Penn National Bank, Sixth and Yine streets. 
 
 Eighth National Bank, Second street and Girard 
 avenue. 
 
 National Security Bank, Seventh street and Girard 
 avenue. 
 
 Kensington National Bank, 969 Beach street. 
 
106 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 Manayunk (State) Bank, 4371 Main street. 
 
 Merchants' Exchange Bank, adjoining Merchants' Ex- 
 change, Third, Walnut and Dock streets. 
 
 National Bank of Germantown, 4800 Germantown 
 avenue. 
 
 Second National Bank, 4434 Frankford avenue. 
 
 Seventh National Bank, northwest corner of Fourth 
 and Market streets. 
 
 State Bank, 216 Market street. 
 
 West Philadelphia National Bank, 3938 Market street. 
 
 Sixth National Bank, Second and Pine streets. 
 
 Southwark National Bank, 610 South Second streets. 
 
 Spring Garden Bank, Eidge avenue and Spring Gar- 
 den streets. 
 
 Third National Bank, southwest corner of Market and 
 Penn Square. 
 
 Twenty-Second Ward National Bank, 4850 German- 
 town avenue. 
 
 DEPOSIT COMPANIES. 
 
 Beneficial Saving Fund, southwest corner Twelfth and 
 Chestnut streets. 
 
 Guarantee Safe Deposit Company, 318 Chestnut street. 
 
 Fidelity Safe Deposit Company, 329 Chestnut street. 
 
 Philadelphia Safe Deposit Company, 415 Chestnut 
 street. 
 
 Philadelphia Saving Fund, 700 Walnut street. 
 
 Western Saving Fund, Tenth and Walnut streets. 
 
 Northern Saving Fund, Sixth and Spring Garden 
 streets. 
 
 Germantown Savings Bank, 4908 Germantown avenue. 
 
The Centennial Companion, 107 
 
 We add a list, with place of business, of the follow- 
 ing 
 
 COMMERCIAL ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 Commercial Exchange, 137 South Second street. 
 
 Maritime Exchange, 133 South Seventh street. 
 
 Board of Brokers, 21 Merchants' Exchange, Third 
 and Walnut streets. 
 
 Drug Exchange, 17 South Third street. 
 
 Merchants' Association, 131 South Fourth street. 
 
 Board of Trade, Tenth, above Chestnut street. 
 
 Produce Association, S. Delaware avenue, near Dock 
 street. 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 Great Business Houses^ Etc, 
 
 To attempt to give even the name and location of 
 prominent business houses in the city of Philadelphia, 
 would require more space than we have at our disposal, 
 and be a matter of but trivial interest to the mass of our 
 readers. Yet there are some which have a national 
 reputation, and which many Centennial visitors will be 
 sure to see before their visit to the great International 
 Exhibition is completed. 
 
 In almost every city, town and village of the whole 
 country, the celebrated medicines prepared by Dr. David 
 Jaynes, are offered for sale — and few, if any, have for 
 many years obtained so great a popularity. The pictui-e 
 upon the bottles is familiar to every man, woman and 
 child in most of the States, and yet few form scarcely 
 any idea of the stupendous structure represented, the 
 magnificent granite buildings on Chestnut street, between 
 Second and Third streets, the central of which is eight 
 stories in height, and the front is one of the most artis- 
 tic and beautiful in the whole city. These massive and 
 substantial buildings, in which are manufactured and 
 sold the most widely known and popular patent medi- 
 cines ever prepared in this or any other country, and 
 from which the proprietor acquired an enormous for- 
 
The Centennial (Companion, 109 
 
 tune, were erected about twenty-five years ago, at an ex- 
 pense of $350,000, and tliey are deserving more than a 
 passing glance from all who spend a few days or weeks 
 in the city. 
 
 Another building, also having its origin in the pecu- 
 liar disposition of the American people, to attempt to 
 repair, by the aid of medicines, the ill-effects of over- 
 work and the neglect of the inexorable laws of hygiene, is 
 situated upon the corner of Arch and Sixth streets, hav- 
 ing a front of forty-four feet on Arch, and about eighty 
 on Sixth street, and is the laboratory, wholesale and 
 retail house of Dr. J. H. Schenck & Sons, whose pul- 
 monic syrup, sea- weed tonic and mandrake pills, are ad- 
 vertised and sold in every part of the counf^--^ "^^^ 
 building is mainly constructo'l^ ^J -^^^^^ -^ ^^^ g^^^-^g -^ 
 height, with ma^-ard roof, from which rise mansard 
 towers "^r^th iron decorations. The fronts are painted 
 "Wnite, and the architectural beauties of the whole, and es- 
 pecially of the Arch street front, will command the atten- 
 tion of all who traverse this fine street. While Chestnut 
 street is perhaps the most attractive street in the whole 
 city, as well on account of its superb banking houses 
 as its palatial stores, there are on Market street, which 
 has many solid brick blocks five stories in height, §ome 
 having fine marble and others brown stone, gre^y stone, 
 and mastic fronts— and in many of whicl^ i§ carried qn 
 an immense wholesale or retail trade in foreign and do^ 
 mestic goods-^there are; two which will receive moxe 
 than a passing notice. The first of these is Tower 
 Hall^ between Fifth and S^Xuh sa'cels, Y»hich looms up, 
 above the remainder of the block in which it is sit^at^d,'^ 
 
110 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 and by its peculiar architecture as well as tlie towers 
 which surmount and gracefully adorn it, is sure of attract- 
 ing attention. In this immense establishment, nearly 
 sixty feet in width and extending back to Minor street, 
 a small army of cutters and tailors are at work, and with 
 the aid of those who here receive their work and com- 
 plete it at home, or in shops, they annually manufacture 
 more than two hundred thousand garments, all of which 
 are sold in the wholesale or retail departments. 
 
 Upon the corner of Market and Sixth streets, stands Oak 
 Hall^ said to be the largest clothing house in America. It 
 is five stories in height, has a front of sixty- seven feet on 
 Market street, which is quite ornamental, and a plainer 
 front of one hundred and eighty feet on Sixth street, and 
 the business here annually transacted must amount to 
 several millions. There is probably no house in America, 
 except possibly that of the merchant prince Stewart of 
 New York, where such a system of exactness in every- 
 thing characterizes the management of the business, and 
 to this, as well as keeping an immense assortment, and 
 advertising most extensively, the great success of the 
 proprietors may be attributed. 
 
 On the north side of Market, between Seventh and 
 Eighth streets, is a splendid group of business houses, 
 with a variety of stone and iron fronts — the most strik- 
 ing of which is the massive granite front of the cele- 
 brated Publication and Book House of J. B. Lip- 
 pincott Sf Co.^ one of the largest and most complete 
 establishments in this country, and in this city only 
 equaled by that of Claxton, Remsen & Hafflinger, also 
 on Market street, between Sixth and Seventh. 
 
 4 
 
The Centennial Companion, 111 
 
 Among the great manufacturing establishments in and 
 about the citj, perhaps none are more worthy of note 
 than the 
 
 Baldwin's Locomotive Works, on Broad and Callow- 
 hill streets. 
 
 The North American Smelting Company's Works, Nos. 
 1510 and 1512 Spring Garden street. 
 
 William Sellers & Co.'s Machine Tool Works, 1600 
 Hamilton street. 
 
 Bement & Sons' Industrial Works, Twenty-First and 
 Callowhill streets. 
 
 Harrison Boiler Works, on Gray's Ferry Road, below 
 the U. S. Arsenal. 
 
 Schumacker Piano Factory, Eleventh and Catharine 
 streets. 
 
 Carleton Mills, covering the entire square between 
 Hamilton and Linn, Twenty-Third and Twenty-Fourth 
 streets. 
 
 Franklin Sugar Refinery, on Delaware avenue and 
 Almond street, above the old Navy Yard. 
 
 Among the great business houses of the City, those 
 from which the great daily newspapers are issued deserve 
 more than passing a notice. Pre-eminent among them is 
 the '' Public Ledger" building, on the southwest corner 
 of Chestnut and Sixth streets. It has a beautiful brown 
 stone front, of about ninety feet on Chestnut street, and 
 extends back on Sixth street about one hundred and 
 eighty feet. It is five stories in height, with mansard 
 roof, and was built for, and is completely adpated to the 
 business therein carried on most successfully. It is one 
 of the largest, and in every respect most complete news- 
 
112 The Centennial Companion. 
 
 paper establisliments in this country, if not in the world. 
 On the southwest corner of Chestnut and Seventh streets, 
 is the ''Press" building, a massive brick structure, 
 having a front on Chestnut of about fifty feet and upon 
 Seventh of about one hundred and eighty feet, but only 
 a part of its numerous rooms are occupied by the editorial 
 eorps of the 'Tress," the compositors and other employees 
 of the establishment. 
 
 We conclude this chapter by giving the name and loca* 
 tion of other leading newspapers and periodicals, publish- 
 ed in this city* 
 
 DAILIES. 
 
 North American and United States Gazette, 132 S. 
 Third street. 
 
 The Philadelphia Inquirer, 304 Chestnut street. 
 
 The Times, 713 Chestnut street. 
 
 The City Item, 28 S. Seventh street. 
 
 The Evening Herald, 27 S. Seventh street. 
 
 The Daily Chronicle, 23 S. Seventh street. 
 
 The Daily Age, 14 S. Seventh street. 
 
 The Evening Star, 30 S. Seventh street. 
 
 The Evening Telegraph, 108 S. Third street. 
 
 g?l}e lyenlng Bulletin, 607 Chestnut street. 
 
 |h© Philadelphia Democrat (German), 614 Chestnut 
 strppt 
 ^•'fliiladelphia Freie Presse, 418 N. Eourth street, 
 
 I^etter Sheet and Price Current, 241 Dock street. 
 
 Thiladelphia Abend Post (German), 614 Chestnut 
 
 §greet. 
 ' Sfe^ f ftT^JiG Record, phestnitt :^n4 S. Third streets. 
 
The Centennial Companion, 113 
 
 The ** Press" and some of the others above named issue 
 a weekly edition, and there are many others published 
 only weekly, viz. 
 
 The Saturday Evening Post, 319 Walnut street. 
 
 The United States Railroad and Mining Journal, 423 
 Walnut street. 
 
 The Christian Recorder, 631 Pine street. 
 
 The Legal Intelligencer, 132 S. Sixth street. 
 
 The Friends' Intelligencer, 132 S. Sixth street. 
 
 The Lutheran and Missionary, 117 N. Sixth street. 
 
 The Commercial List and Price Current, 241 Dock 
 street. 
 
 The Keystone (Masonic Publishing Company), 237 
 Dock street. 
 
 The Episcopalian, 1225 Sansom street. 
 
 The Friend, 116 N. Fourth street. 
 
 Republikanische Flagge, 418 N. Fourth street. 
 
 The Friends' Review, 109 N. Tenth street. 
 
 The Germantown Telegraph, 4611 Germantown avenue. 
 
 The Lutheran Observer, 42 N. Ninth street. 
 
 The Medical and Surgical Reporter, 115 S. Seventh 
 street. 
 
 The United Presbyterian and Christian Instructor, 15 
 N. Seventh street. 
 [ The Methodist Home Journal, 14 N. Seventh street. 
 
 The National Baptist, 530 Arch street. 
 
 The Reformed Church Messenger,. 907 Arch street. 
 
 The Philadelphia Western and Southern Trade Jour- 
 Inal, 127 S. Third street. 
 
 The Sunday Dispatch, 152 S. Third street. 
 
 The Sunday Mercury, 152 S. Third street. 
 
114 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 United States Journal, 123 S. Fourtli street. 
 
 Harness and Carriage Journal, 149 S. Fourth street. 
 
 Saturday Night, S. Eighth and Locust streets. 
 
 The Sunday Republic, 328 Chestnut street. 
 
 Der Neue Welt (German), 614 Chestnut street. 
 
 Philadelphia Sontags-Blatt and Familien Journal 
 (German), 614 Chesnut street. 
 
 The Sunday School Times, 610 Chestnut street. 
 
 The Sunday Transcript, TOl Chestnut street. 
 
 The Sunday Morning Times, 819 Chestnut street. 
 
 The Presbyterian, 1214 Chestnut street. 
 
 The Young Folks News, 1214 Chestnut street. 
 The following monthlies are published in the city, viz : 
 
 Arthur's Home Magazine, 809 Chestnut street. 
 
 Godey's Lady's Book, 537 Chestnut street. 
 
 Peterson's Lady's National Magazine, 306 Chestnut 
 street. 
 
 Children's Hour, 809 Chestnut street. 
 
 Grace and Truth, 1224 Chestnut street. 
 
 The Child's World, 1122 Chestnut street. 
 
 Our Monthly, 1214 Chestnut street. 
 
 The Sunday School World, 1122 Chestnut street. 
 
 Lippincott's Magazine, 715 Market street. 
 
 The Contemporary Review, 715 Market street. 
 
 Good Words for the Young, 715 Market street. 
 
 Polytechnic Bulletin, Seventeenth and Market streets. 
 
 St. Paul's Magazine, 715 Market street. 
 
 The Sunday Magazine, 715 Market street. 
 
 American Law Register, 430 Walnut street. 
 
 The Lady's Friend, 319 Walnut street. 
 
 The Penn Monthly, 506 Walnut street. 
 
The Centennial Companion^ 115 
 
 The Philadelphia Intelligencer, 323 Waliitlt street. 
 
 The Young Reaper, 530 Arch street. 
 
 The Baptist Teacher, 530 Arch street. 
 
 The Child's Treasury, 907 Arch street. 
 
 The Guardian, 907 Arch street. 
 
 Der Lamerhirte, 907 Arch street. 
 
 American Exchange and Review, South Fourth and 
 Walnut streets. 
 
 Journal of Applied Chemistry, 149 South Fourth st. 
 
 Lutheran Sunday School Herald, 42 North Fourth st. 
 
 The Busy Bee, 117 North Sixth street. 
 
 Gardner's Monthly, 23 North Sixth street. 
 
 Child's Recorder, 631 Pine street. 
 
 The Eclectic Medical Journal, 514 Pine street. 
 
 The Guardian Angel, 125 North Seventh street. 
 
 The American Journal of Homoeopathic Materia Med- 
 ica, 1105 Filbert street. 
 
 QUARTERLIES. 
 
 The Baptist Quarterly, 530 Arch street. 
 
 The Dental Times, North Tenth and Arch streets. 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 Homes. 
 
 As we have before remarked, the great and striking 
 characteristic of Philadelphia, is that it is pre-eminently 
 a city of homes. There is probably no city in this 
 country which has so many solidly built blocks, in which 
 all the buildings are of uniform size and height, usually 
 three stories above the basement, all having white shut- 
 ters and marble or grey stone steps, and all occupied as 
 dwellings. 
 
 Several residence blocks we have noticed in our 
 rambles through the city, which are worthy of a par- 
 ticular description, as well on account of their architect- 
 ural beauty, and the taste manifested in their decora- 
 tion, as in the showy and expensive material used in 
 their construction. Without reference to our notes, we 
 now call to mind the block o^ massive brown stone 
 fronts on the north of Rittenhouse Square, those at 
 the corners having a projecting circular form rising to a 
 tower at the summit, and the grand solidity and strength 
 of the entire block, as well as its unostentatious orna- 
 ture — no trace of gaudiness in any part being observable, 
 renders the general appearance decidedly imposing, and 
 conveys the impression that here are the proofs of suc- 
 cess in business. Here those grown opulent in trade, or 
 
The Centennial Companion, 117 
 
 some o£ tlie professional walks of life, have made them- 
 selves tasteful and lovely homes. 
 
 The entire block on the east side of Eighteenth street, 
 between Race and Cherry streets, cannot fail to attract 
 the attention and command the admiration of all beholders. 
 It is three stories in height, with mansard roof, the 
 front being built of the peculiar greenish gray stone, 
 called '^ Serpentine" stone, with irregular shaped blocks 
 laid in cement, and the finishing about the doors and 
 windows being of another kind of stone, is highly orna- 
 mental. The entire uniformity in fronts, windows, 
 steps, shutters, etc., is so relieved by the peculiar and 
 striking ornamentation of the w^hole, that it must cer- 
 tainly be styled one of the most beautiful residence 
 blocks in the city. 
 
 Those who wish to see what those in possession of 
 vast wealth, either from a love of the beautiful or of 
 display, can do in constructing a residence ; what vast 
 sums the opulent sometimes lavish upon the noble edi- 
 fice they call a home, are directed to observe the palatial 
 marble residence of George W. Childs, the proprietor 
 of the Ledger, No. 2128 Walnut street ; of the late Dr. 
 David Jayne, the "patent medicine" millionaire, at the 
 southeast corner of Chestnut and Nineteenth streets ; of 
 John Rice, who built the Continental Hotel, on the cor- 
 ner of Walnut and Twenty- First street, and many others. 
 Or, if the taste of our reader is more gratified by the 
 plainer, but scarcely less beautiful brown stone, let them 
 notice the residence of the late Edwin Forrest, the great 
 American tragedian, on North Broad and Master streets ; 
 of Joseph Singerly and Michel Bouvier, on the west side of 
 
118 Thp Centennial Companion, 
 
 N. Broad street, above Girard avenue ; and on the oppos- 
 ite side of the street, of Henry Disston and others ; or 
 those upon Market street, between Fifteenth and Twen- 
 ty- Second streets. Or, if the beautiful modern style man- 
 sard roof residence is the reader's especial fancy, let him 
 cross the Schuylkill, and on many of the lovely streets 
 and avenues of West Philadelphia, he will find scores of 
 the most attractive and highly embellished residences of 
 the whole city. An especial charm in this locality, is 
 the broad and neatly kept front yards, many of which 
 are laid off with curving walks, conforming to the 
 aesthetic "lines of beauty," between which are closely 
 shaven lawns, set with ornamental trees and shrubbery, 
 and here and there divers shaped and exceedingly lovely 
 plats, devoted to the culture of the rarest and most 
 beautiful flowers. 
 
 But as the most attracting pen-pictures, of fascinating 
 scenes and incidents of life, portrayed, delineated and 
 described by the most gifted author, are far less delight- 
 ful and captivating, if some keen-eyed critic, or even 
 enthusiastic admirer comments upon, or details in feeble 
 way the contents of the book before we read the author's 
 thrilling words for ourselves, so, we apprehend that the 
 pleasure of seeing many of the most charming and mag- 
 nificent public buildings and private residences of a city 
 will be sadly infringed, if not destroyed, should we at- 
 tempt, in our humble way, a more complete description. 
 There is to all a peculiar gratification in discovering, 
 unaided, the beauties of any statue, picture, building or 
 landscape, and in leaving the agreeable topic of 
 ''Homes," in this city, we must urge upon all visitors to 
 
The Centennial Companion, 119 
 
 tlie great Centennial Exhibition, the necessity (i£ they 
 would secure all the advantages of their visit) of devot- 
 ing a few days at least to traversing, in such way as 
 they find most agreeable or convenient, the many fine 
 streets upon which the din and turmoil of business is 
 comparatively unheard, where many thousands have 
 made, or secured for a reasonable rental, most comfort- 
 able and delightful homes. All that we attempt in this 
 brief sketch, is simply to direct attention to objects of 
 interest, the sight of which may gratify not only our 
 senses, but arouse and enkindle some of the best and 
 noblest emotions of the human soul, not to describe so 
 as to enfeeble the zest, or diminish the delight of any 
 visitor or tourist. To the stranger we wish to give some 
 idea of what is to be seen, give location with reasonable 
 certainty, and then leave all to see, appreciate and ad- 
 mire, criticize or condemn, according to the dictates of 
 their own tastes, feelings and judgment* 
 
PART II. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Map of Philadelphia. 
 
 The most complete description which it is possible to 
 give of a city, its divisions and surroundings, would, to 
 many readers, give a very imperfect idea of its topo- 
 graphy, unless aided by some diagram or map. To fix 
 locations with certainty, we must see their relative posi- 
 tions, and then, even if we are confused as to directions 
 by the points of compass, but little difficulty will be 
 met with in finding one place by its course or bearing 
 from another. Hence we have considered a Map of 
 Philadelphia indispensable to the Centennial visitor, for 
 several reasons, viz : Firsts that its location upon the 
 Delaware, and extent beyond the Schuylkill river, may be 
 clearly comprehended ; secondly, that the location and 
 direction of the streets and avenues may be readily 
 learned ; thirdly, that the location of the railroad de- 
 pots, of Fairmount Park, including the International 
 Exhibition or Centennial Grounds and of the public 
 squares, may be seen at a glance ; fourthly, that the 
 routes of the several lines of street railways may be 
 noted, and, finally that the directions which we shall 
 give in this part of our work may be intelligently un- 
 derstood. We have therefore attached a map, giving 
 
122 The Centennial Companion. 
 
 tlie names of all the principal streets and avenues, de- 
 pots, public squares, etc., and will here remark that 
 distances may be very readily calculated from this map, 
 if it is remembered, that twelve squares are a legal 
 mile throughout the city. 
 
 It is almost invariably the case, that when a traveler 
 enters a great city, he will first learn the location and' di- 
 rection of a main or noted street, as of Broadway in 
 New York, Washington street -in Boston, Lake street 
 in Chicago, etc., as a landm^ark ; and that he will fix 
 the location of all points or places, by reference to the one 
 selected, in distance as well as direction. In Philadel- 
 phia, Market street, running through the very heart of 
 the city from east to west, always recognizable on ac- 
 count of its unusual width, and also that the numbers in- 
 crease either to the north or south of it, is an unfailing 
 guide to those who are not familiar with the city, and 
 who are liable to lose their points of compass, or become 
 confused when in a strange place. And here another 
 word to Centennial visitors. If at a depot, or in any 
 part of the city, you are in doubt as to where you are, 
 what street you are on, or what is the most direct route 
 to any place you desire to go, do not inquire of those 
 you may chance to meet, or go into a store or shop 
 to ask directions, but walk up to the first policeman you 
 pee, dressed in blue and wearing a cap and badge, and h^ 
 will give you the required information, and generally ii^ 
 a pleasant and respectful manner. Upon the statement 
 of a city officer you can rely in such matters, while that 
 given by others may be of no benefit or occasion you 
 needless expense. 
 
CHAPTER n. 
 
 The Street Cars. 
 
 We Iiave on pages 14 and 15, Part First, Chapter II, 
 so definitely given the location of the several railroad 
 depots of the '' Centennial Citj," and they are so plainly 
 indicated upon the map, that no reader can fail to under- 
 stand where they are, or fail to find either one he may 
 choose, and so we come to direct attention to the street 
 cars, by far the most common and convenient,. as well as 
 cheapest mode of conveyance ever established in any city. 
 While some totally disregarding the matter of expense, 
 may choose to hire a hack, barouche, or carriage, and 
 travel when and whither they please in the city — the 
 multitude will avail themselves of the speedy and inex- 
 pensive means of transit, afi'orded by the numerous lines 
 of street cars, which traverse many of the principal streets. 
 The only particular occasion of perplexity to the stranger, 
 is to know which line to take, to reach the point he has in 
 view, with the least possible delay, and we see no method 
 of making this perfectly plain, except to give the names 
 of all the lines, the location of the depots and the route of 
 each ; and we shall give the time of starting on the first 
 and last trips made daily, by the cars running to and 
 from the Centennial grounds. If the reader will trace 
 ^lie^e routes on the man, as he reads, he will speedily un- 
 
124 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 derstand tlie whole system, and in a very short time, go 
 almost anywhere in the city, without the annoyance of 
 having to make inquiries. 
 
 The Union Line^ really consists of six lines, viz. : 
 
 1. The Fairmount Park and JYavy Yard Line. 
 Depot, Twenty-Third and Brown streets. Route — From 
 Brown street entrance to Fairmount Park, on Brown 
 street to Twenty- Third, down Twenty-Third to Wallace, 
 on Wallace to Franklin, on Franklin to Seventh, on 
 Seventh to Federal, on Federal to Front, on Front to 
 Wharton street ; return up Wharton to Ninth, on Ninth 
 to Spring Garden, on Spring Garden to Twenty- Third, 
 on Twenty-Third to Brown, and on Brown street to 
 starting point. 
 
 2. Richmond Line, — ^Depot, Thompson and Norris 
 streets. Route — ^From depot down Thompson street to 
 Marlborough, on Marlborough to Belgrade, on Belgrade 
 to Frankford road, on Frankf ord road to Master street, 
 up Master to Franklin, down Franklin to Race, on Race 
 to Seventh, down Seventh to Passyunk road, on Passy- 
 unk road to Ellsworth, on Ellsworth to Broad, on Broad 
 to the Baltimore & Ohio R. R. depot ; return up Broad 
 to Christian, on Christian to Ninth, up Ninth to Spring 
 Garden, on Spring Garden to Seventh, on Seventh to 
 Oxford, on Oxford to Fourth, on Fourth to Norris, on 
 Norris to Memphis, on Memphis to York, on York to 
 Thompson, down Thompson street to depot. 
 
 3. Columbia Avenue Line. — ^Depot, Twenty-Fifth 
 street and Columbia avenue. Route — From depot down 
 Columbia avenue to Franklin street, on Franklin to Race, 
 on Race to Seventh, on Seventh to Market, on Market tQ 
 
The Centennial Companion, 125 
 
 Front street ; return up Market street to Ninth, on Ninth' 
 to Spring Garden, on Spring Garden to Seventh, on 
 Seventh to Master, on Master to Twenty-Third, on 
 Twenty-Third to the depot. 
 
 4. Spring Garden and Poplar Street Line, — 
 Depot, Twenty-Third and Brown streets. Route — ^From 
 depot to Twenty-Third street, on Twenty-Third to Wal- 
 lace, on Wallace to Twenty-Second, on Twenty^ Second to 
 Spring Garden, on Spring Garden to Seventh street ; re- 
 turn up Seventh to Poplar, on Poplar to Twenty-Ninth, 
 on Twenty-Ninth to the Brown street entrance to Fair- 
 mount Park or depot. 
 
 5. Cedar Street ZrZ/ie (One horse). — Depot, York 
 and Cedar streets. Route — Up Cedar street to Somer- 
 set, on Somerset to Richmond street ; return over same 
 route. 
 
 6. McKean Street Line (One horse). — ^Depot, Sev- 
 .enth and McKean streets. Route — ^From junction Sev- 
 enth and Christian streets, on Seventh to McKean, on 
 McKean to Ninth, on Ninth to Ellsworth, on Ellsworth 
 to Twenty-Third, on Twenty-Third to Christian, on 
 Christian to junction or starting place. Upon the 
 Union Line and its branches, exchange or pass tickets 
 are given over several other lines, good for the day 
 only, but upon which streets we have not space to enu- 
 merate. Cards in each car furnish the requisite inform- 
 ation, and in fact much that our space will not allow. 
 
 Market Street Line-^Main Line. — ^Depot, Forty- 
 First and Haverford streets. Route — ^From depot on 
 Forty-First street to Market, down Market to Front 
 street ; return up Market to Thirty- Second, out Lancas- 
 
126 The Centennial Companion* 
 
 ter avenue to Belmont avenue, on Belmont avenue to 
 Centennial Grounds ; return on Belmont avenue to Lan- 
 caster avenue, on Lancaster avenue to Market street, 
 down Market, etc. The first car leaves depot at 4.10 
 A. M., the last at 11.05 P. M., and the last car arrives 
 at depot at 1,45 A. M. The first car now arrives at the 
 entrance to Centennial Grounds at 5.20 A. M., and the 
 last car leaves the entrance at 10.30 P. M., but during 
 the International Exhibition the time table may be 
 changed, and probably on this and a few other lines, the 
 cars will run all night. 
 
 Haddington Line. — Same depot. Route — Out 
 Haverford street to Sixty- Seventh, in Haddington; re- 
 turn over same, route to depot. 
 
 Twelfth and Sixteenth Streets. — ^Depot, Twelfth 
 street and Montgomery avenue. Route — ^Down Twelfth 
 street to Wharton, on Wharton to Seventeenth, on Sev- 
 enteenth to Carpenter, on Carpenter to Sixteenth, up 
 Sixteenth to Montgomery avenue, down Montgomery 
 avenue to depot. 
 
 Chestnut and Walnut Streets — Main Line. — 
 Depot, Chestnut and Forty- Second streets. Route — 
 Chestnut street to Front, on Front to Walnut ; return up 
 Walnut to Twenty-Second, on Twenty- Second to Chest- 
 nut, on Chestnut to depot. 
 
 Fairmount Park Line. — ^Depot, on Belmont, near 
 Elm avenue. Route — Down Belmont avenue to Lan- 
 caster avenue, down Lancaster avenue to Thirty- Second 
 street, on Thirty- Second to Chestnut, on Chestnut to 
 Front, on Front to Walnut ; return up Walnut to Twenty- 
 Second, on Twenty- Second to Chestnut, on Chestnut to 
 
The Centennial Companion, 12? 
 
 Thirty- Second, on Thirty- Second to Lancaster avenue, 
 on Lancaster to Belmont, Belmont avenue to depot near 
 the main entrance to Centennial Grounds. The first car 
 on this line now leaves the depot at 5.10 A. M., the last 
 at 11.45 P. M., and the last returns to depot at 12.30 
 A. M., but during the Exhibition, the cars on this line 
 will probably run incessantly, day and night, with the 
 possible exception of Sunday. 
 
 Darby Line. — Depot, Forty -Ninth street and Wood- 
 land avenue. Route — From Darby (in Delaware 
 county), on Darby road and Woodland avenue to Chest- 
 nut street, on Chestnut to Front, on Front to Walnut ; 
 return up Walnut to Twenty- Second, on Twenty- Second 
 to Chestnut, on Chestnut to Woodland avenue, and on 
 Woodland avenue and Darby road to Darby. 
 
 Mount Moriah Line. — ^Depot, same as Darby Line. 
 Route — ^From Mt. Moriah Cemetery to Darby road, on 
 Darby road and Woodland avenue to Chestnut street, etc., 
 the route the same as Darby Line, except from Darby 
 road out to Mt. Moriah Cemetery and return. 
 
 Tenth and Eleventh Streets. Main Line Depot, 
 Fourth street and Montgomery avenue. Route — ^Down 
 Fourth street to Reed, on Reed to Eleventh, on Eleventh 
 to Diamond, down Diamond to Tenth, on Tenth to depot. 
 
 Mifflin Street Line (Branch — one horse). — Route 
 — ^From Tenth and Reed street, down Tenth and Mifflin, 
 and return over the same route. 
 
 Lehigh Avenue and Powell Street Line. — ^Depot, 
 Kensington avenue and Cumberland street. Route — 
 Up Kensington avenue to Lehigh avenue, on Lehigh av- 
 enue to Sixth street, down Sixth to Powell, on Powell to 
 
128 The Centennial Companion. 
 
 Fifth, up Fifth to Lehigh avenue, on Lehigh avenue to 
 Kensington avenue, on Kensington avenue to Litterly 
 street, on Litterly street to depot. 
 
 Frankford Street Line. — Depot, Frankford and Ar- 
 rott streets, Frankford. Route — ^D own Frankford street 
 to Kensington avenue, down Kensington avenue to main 
 depot at Cumberland street ; return to Frankford street 
 over .lie same route. 
 
 Fourth and Eighth Streets, Germantown Line. 
 — Depots, Eighth and Dauphin streets, and Germantown 
 avenue and Church street, Germantown. Route — Leave 
 city depot, up Eighth street to Germantown avenue, out 
 Germantown avenue to Germantown depot ; return over 
 same route. 
 
 Dickinson Street Line. — ^Depot, Eighth and Dau- 
 phin streets. Route — Down Dauphin street to German- 
 town avenue, on Germantown avenue to Fom-th street, 
 on Fourth to Dickinson, on Dickinson to Eighth ; return 
 up Eighth street to Columbia avenue, on Columbia ave- 
 nue to Seventh street, on Seventh to Susquehanna ave- 
 nue, on Susquehanna avenue to Eighth street, on Eightii 
 to depot. 
 
 Walnut Street Line. — ^Depot, same as Dickinson 
 Street Line. Route — ^From depot down Germantown 
 avenue to Fourth street, on Fourth to Walnut ; return up 
 Walnut to Eighth, up Eighth to Columbia avenue, on 
 Columbia avenue to Seventh street, on Seventh to Sus- 
 quehanna avenue, on Susquehanna avenue to Eighth 
 street, on Eighth to depot. 
 
 Girard Avenue Line. — ^Depot, Girard avenue and 
 Taney street. Route — ^From depot on Girard avenue to 
 
The Centennial Companion, 129 
 
 Palmer street, on Palmer to Beach, on Beach to Shack- 
 amoxon (Kensington) ; return on Shackamoxon to Gi- 
 rard avenue, passing the depot to Thirty-First street ; re- 
 turn from Thirty-First street to depot on Girard avenue. 
 
 Green and Coates Streets, Dickinson Street 
 Line. — Depot,. Twenty-Fourth street and Fairmount 
 avenue. From depot near Fairmount avenue entrance to 
 Fairmount Park, along Fairmount avenue to Fourth, on 
 Fourth to Dickinson, on Dickinson to Eighth ; return up 
 Eighth to Fairmount avenue, out Fairmount avenue to 
 depot. N. B. This line runs to Fairmount Park, but 
 not to the Centennial Grounds. 
 
 Walnut Street Line. — Depot, same as above. — 
 Route — Along Fairmount avenue to Twenty- Second 
 street, on Twenty- Second to Green, on Green to Fourth, 
 on Fourth to Walnut, on Walnut to Eighth ; returii up 
 Eighth to Fairmount avenue, on Fairmount avenue to 
 depot. 
 
 Delaware River Zme(One horse). — From Green and 
 Beach streets, up Beach street to Fairmount avenue, on 
 Fairmount avenue to Eighth street ; return on Fairmount 
 avenue to Fourth street, on Fourth to Green, on Green to 
 Beach street. 
 
 Hestonville, Mantua and Fairmount R^y Co. 
 Race and Vi?ie Street Line. — Depot, Forty-First street 
 and Lancaster avenue. Route — From depot on Lancaster 
 avenue to Haverford street, on Haverford to Thirtieth, 
 on Thirtieth to Bridge, across the Schuylkill river to 
 Callowhill street, on Callowhill to Hamilton, on Hamil- 
 ton to Twenty-Second, on Twenty- Second to Race, on 
 Race to Second, on Second to Walnut, up Walnut to 
 
130 Thp Centennial Companion. 
 
 Dock street ; return on Dock to Third, on Third to Vine, 
 on Vine to Twenty-Third, on Twenty-Third to Callowhill, 
 on Callowhill to Schuylkill bridge, across same to Thir- 
 tieth street, on Thirtieth to Haverford, on Haverford to 
 Thirty-Third, on Thirty-Third to Bridge street, on Bridge 
 to Lancaster avenue, out Lancaster avenue to depot. 
 During the International Exhibition, we are informed 
 this route will be lengthened and the cars will run out 
 Lancaster avenue to Belmont avenue, on Belmont avenue 
 to Elm avenue, at the entrance of the Centennial Grounds. 
 The first car now leaves the depot at 5:15 A. M. , the last 
 at 11:15 P. M., and the last returns to depot at 12:15 
 A. M. 
 
 •drch Street Line, — ^Depot, Twenty- Sixth and Cal- 
 lowhill streets. Route — From depot out Hamilton street to 
 Twenty- Second, on Twenty- Second to Callowhill, on Cal- 
 lowhill to Thirtieth, on Thirtieth to Arch, on Arch to Sec- 
 ond street, retarn up Arch to Twenty- First, on Twenty- 
 First to Callowhill, and on Callowhill to depot. 
 
 Hestonville Line (One horse). — ^Depot, Forty-First 
 street and Lancaster avenue, from depot out Lancaster 
 avenue to Fifty- Second street, Hestonville ; return over 
 the same route to depot. 
 
 Lombard and South Streets. — ^Depot, Twenty- 
 Fifth and South streets. Route — From depot down Lom- 
 bard street to Front, along Front to Dock, down Dock to 
 Delaware avenue ; return up Dock to Front street, on 
 Front to South, and on South street to depot. 
 
 Spruce and Pine Streets, Gray^s Ferry Line. — 
 Depot, Twenty-Third and Spruce streets. Route — From 
 Gray's Ferry Bridge on Gray's Ferry road to Christian 
 
The Centennial Companion, 131 
 
 Street, on Christian to Twenty- Second, on Twenty- Sec- 
 ond to Spruce, on Spruce to Third, on Third to Walnut, 
 dn Wahiut to Dock ; return down Dock street to Second, 
 on Second to Pine, on Pine to Twenty-Third, on Twenty- 
 Third to Gray's Ferry Road, down Gray's Ferry Road 
 to Gray's Ferry Bridge. 
 
 Second and Third Streets — Main Line. — De- 
 pot, Frankford road, below Lehigh avenue. Route — 
 From depot down Frankford road to Jefferson street, on 
 Jefferson to Second, on Second to Mifflin, on Mifflin to 
 Third street ; return on Third to Germantown avenue, on 
 Germantown avenue to Oxford street, on Oxford to 
 Front, on Front to Amber, and on Amber to depot. 
 
 Frankford Through Line. — ^Depot, same as Main 
 Line. Route — From depot on Frankford road, to Paul 
 street, up Paul to the stand above Arrott street ; leaving 
 Frankford on Main street to Frankford road, on Frank- 
 ford road to Jefferson street, on Jefferson to Second, on 
 Second to Mifflin, on Mifflin to Third ; return up Third 
 street to Germantown avenue, on Germantown avenue to 
 Oxford street, on Oxford to Front, up Front to Amber, 
 and on Amber to depot. 
 
 A'*orth Penn Line. — Depot same as Main Line. 
 Route — From depot on Frankford road to Huntingdon 
 street, on Huntingdon to Coral, on Coral to Cumberland, 
 on Cumberland to Emerald, on Emerald to Dauphin, on 
 Dauphin to Second, on Second to Dock, up Dock to 
 Third street ; return up Third to Germantown avenue, 
 on Germantown avenue to Oxford street, on Oxford to 
 Third, on Third to Berks, on Berks to Second, on Sec- 
 
132 The Centennial Companion. 
 
 ond to York, on York to Coral, on Coral to Cumberland, 
 on Cumberland to Amber, and on Amber to depot. 
 
 Richmond /.me.— Depot, Lebigb avenue and Edge- 
 mont street. Route— From depot, out LehigK avenue 
 to Richmond street, on Richmond to Frankford road, on 
 Frank£ora road to Manderson street, on Manderson to 
 Beach, on Beach to Laurel, on Laurel to Delaware avenue, 
 on Delaware avenue to Fairmount avenue, on Fairmount 
 avenue to Second street, on Second to Dock, up Dock to 
 Third street ; return on Third to Brown, on Brown to 
 Beach, on Beach to Manderson, oji Manderson to Frank- 
 ford road, on Frankford road to Girard avenue, on Gir- 
 ard avenue to Norris street, on Norris to Richmond, on 
 Richmond to Lehigh avenue, on Lehigh avenue to depot. 
 
 Brideshurg i.me.— Depot, same as Richmond 
 Line. Route— On Lehigh avenue to Richmond street, 
 on Richmond to Bridge, on Bridge to Washington street, 
 and return over the same route. 
 
 Cumberland Street Line (One horse).— Route— 
 From Richmond and Cumberland streets (on Cumberland 
 street) to Amber street, and return over the same route. 
 
 Front Street Line (One horse).— Route— From 
 Fairmount avenue and New Market street, down New 
 Market street to Vine, on Vine to Front, on Front to 
 Chestnut, and return over the same route. 
 
 Alleghany Avenue Line (One horse).— Route— 
 From Lehigh avenue and Richmond street to Alleghany 
 avenue, and return over the same route. 
 
 Ridge Avenue, Manayunk i.me.— Depot at Thir- 
 ty-Second street and Ridge avenue. Route— From Green 
 'ane in Manayunk, on Main street to Ridge avenue, on 
 
The Centennial Companion, 133 
 
 Ridge avenue to Tentli street, on Tenth to Arch, on Arch 
 to Second street ; return on Arch to Ninth street, on 
 Ninth street to Ridge avenue, on Ridge avenue to Main 
 street in Manayunk, on Main street to Green lane. 
 
 Short Line. — ^Depot, same as Manayunk Line. 
 Route — ^Down Ridge avenue to Tenth street, on Tenth 
 to Arch, on Arch to Second, return on Arch to Ninth, 
 on Ninth to Ridge avenue, and on Ridge avenve to de- 
 pot. 
 
 Fifth and Sixth Streets., Main Line. — ^Depot, at 
 Kensington avenue and Cumberland street. Route — 
 From depot on Kensington avenue to Front street, on 
 Front to BerKS, on Berks to Sixth, on Sixth to Mifflin, 
 on Mifflin to Fifth ; return on Fifth to Berks, on Berks to 
 Front, on Front to Kensington avenue, on Kensington 
 avenue to depot. 
 
 Seventeenth and JYineteenth Streets. -r-De-pot at 
 Nineteenth and Master streets. Route — From depot on 
 Nineteenth street to Columbia avenue, on Columbia ave- 
 nue to Seventeenth Street, on Seventeenth to Ridge av- 
 enue, on Ridge avenue to Francis street, on Francis to 
 Seventeenth, on Seventeenth to Carpenter, on Carpenter 
 to Nineteenth, and on Nineteenth to depot. 
 
 Thirteenth and Fifteenth Streets — Columbia 
 Avenue Zme.— Depot, Broad street and Washington 
 a^venue. Route — From the depot on Broad street to 
 Carpenter, on Carpenter to Fifteenth, on Fifteenth to 
 Master, on Master to Ridge avenue, on Ridge avenue to 
 Columbia avenue, on Columbia avenue to Thirteenth 
 street ; return down Thirteenth to Carpenter, on Carpen- 
 ter to Broadj on Broad to depot. 
 
134 The Centennial Companion. 
 
 J\/*orris Street Line. — ^Depot, same as Columbia Av- 
 enue Line. Route — From depot up Broad street to Car- 
 penter, on Carpenter to Fifteentli, on Fifteenth to Co- 
 lumbia avenue, on Columbia avenue to Broad street, on 
 Broad to Norris, on Norris to Thirteenth ; return on 
 Thirteenth to Carpenter, on Carpenter to Broad, and on 
 Broad to the depot. 
 
 South Broad Street Line (One horse). — ^Depot, 
 same as Columbia Avenue Line. Route — From depot on 
 Broad to Jackson street, and return over the same route. 
 
 JVbrth Broad Street Line (One horse). — Depot, 
 at Broad and Norris streets. Route — ^From depot, up 
 Broad street to the New York Junction R. R. depot, and 
 return over the same route. 
 
 Besides these, other lines are being laid, whose routes 
 we have not considered it material to trace, as this work 
 is mainly intended for Centennial visitors, and by the 
 above they can reach almost any part of the city. It 
 will be noticed that at present time (Dec. 20, 1875) the 
 only lines which run directly to the Centennial Grounds, 
 are the Market Street Line, the Fairmount Street Line, 
 and the Race and Vine Street Lines, but others will no 
 doubt be extended to that center of attraction during the 
 spring and summer. The visitor will do well to notice 
 that the car has upon it, ^^ Centennial Grounds^^ be- 
 fore he enters it, and remember that he may take some 
 lines and reach Fairmount Park, and still be more than 
 a mile from the Centennial Bu.xdings. Tickets procured 
 on any street car line in the city will be taken upon any 
 other line, and in most cases if the line taken does not 
 reach the place to which the passenger wishes to go, a 
 
The Centennial Companion, 135 
 
 pass check is given by the conductor, which will be taken 
 the same day, on any connecting line. 
 
 We close this Chapter by stating that we are indebted 
 to '' Syckelmoore's Illustrated Handbook of Philadel- 
 phia " for a considerable portion of our description of 
 the street car lines and routes. The gentlemanly author 
 of that valuable work having kindly given us permission 
 to use the materials which he has laboriously gathered, 
 upon giving him credit therefor ; and here we take occa- 
 sion to say that we are indebted to his excellent and com- 
 prehensive work for some of the materials from which 
 our work is prepared. 
 
CHAPTER in. 
 
 Directions to Hotels from the Railroad Depots. 
 
 In Chapter II, Paet First, we have given the loca- 
 tion of all the depots in this city, and in Chapter XII, 
 the name and location of all the principal hotels, and 
 though by means of our map, and the preceding Chap- 
 ter, we apprehend almost any one who visits the city, 
 would be able to go from either depot to any hotel he 
 desires to, we will sketch briefly the routes which seem 
 to us preferable. Since our work was mainly written, 
 we learn that the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, be- 
 sides erecting an extensive hotel on Belmont avenue, to 
 be called the " Globe Hotel," near the main entrance to 
 the Centennial Grounds, are establishing a new depot at 
 the same place, from which their trains will daily run to 
 the North, West and South. From this new depot, 
 or their depot at the corner of Thirty- Second and Mar- 
 ket streets, the Market Street Line will convey pas- 
 sengers directly to all the hotels on Market street. The 
 Chestnut and Walnut Street Lines (v. Fairmount Park 
 Line above), to the hotels on Chestnut and Walnut 
 streets, and from the entrance to the Centennial Grounds, 
 the Race and Vine Street Lines to the hotels on those 
 streets. By either of these two first named lines, the 
 visitor can arrive within a few blocks of any of the ho- 
 
The Centennial Companion, 137 
 
 tels on Second, Third and other cross streets ; and by 
 mentioning to the conductor, where he wishes to go, can 
 frequently get a pass, and by a connecting line, be 
 brought directly to the hotel where he is seeking, or has 
 i'ound entertainment.' 
 
 From the Baltimore & Ohio Depot, Washington ave- 
 nue and Broad street ; take the Richmond Line, the 
 Norris Street Line, or Columbia Avenue Line of street 
 cars, the former of which on Ninth street crosses Wal- 
 nut, Chestnut, Market, Arch, Race and Vine streets, 
 near some of the best hotels in the city ; and the two 
 latter lines on Fifteenth street cross the same principal 
 streets, and by either line, on Chestnut, Market or Arch 
 streets, a line will be found down to Second, Third or 
 Fourth streets, w^here quite a number of hotels are located. 
 
 From the Philadelphia and Reading Depot, at Callow- 
 hill and Thirteenth streets, take the Norris Street Line 
 or Columbia Avenue Line for the hotels on Vine, Race, 
 Arch, Market, Chestnut or Walnut streets, near Thir- 
 teenth ; or the Race and Vine Street Line, or Arch 
 Street Line,- for hotels on Race, Arch and Second streets, 
 or the streets between Race and Walnut streets, near 
 Second. 
 
 From the North Pennsylvania Railroad Depot, corner 
 of Berks and American streets, take the North Penn 
 Line, or Richmond Line, of the Second and Third Street 
 Lines, for all hotels on Second and Third streets, and 
 at Arch, Market or Walnut streets change to cars run- 
 ning up these streets, which will bring you to the hotels 
 on these streets, an.d within one block of the hotels on 
 Chestnut and Race streets. 
 
138 The Centennial Companion* 
 
 From Kensington Depot, Front street and Montgo- 
 mery avenue ; take the Richmond Branch of Union 
 Line, on Frankford Road, and between Race and Walnut 
 streets, change cars to Market or other street lines ; or 
 Main Line o£ Second and Third Street Cars, for hotels 
 on Second street, and between Vine and Walnut, change 
 to one of the cross lines, to reach hotels on Arch, Mar- 
 ket, Chestnut or Walnut streets. 
 
 From the Germantown Depot, corner of Diamond 
 and Sixth streets, take the Dickinson Line of the 
 Fourth and Eighth Street Cars, and change at Arch, 
 Market, and Walnut streets for hotels on those streets. 
 
 From foot of Market street (West Jersey Railroad 
 Depot in Camden), take the Market Street Cars, for 
 hotels on that street, and within one block of those on 
 Chestnut and Arch streets, but change cars at some 
 cross line, if wishing to go to Walnut, Race or Vine 
 streets. 
 
 From foot of Vine street (Camden & Atlantic Rail- 
 road Depot in Camden), take the Race and Vine Street 
 Line on Second street, for hotels on that street, and 
 change on Market and Walnut, for up-town hotels. 
 
 To the many new hotels which will be opened, and 
 the thousands of boarding houses, of course we can 
 give no directions. But as the advertisement of each 
 will give the street and number, by the aid of our map, 
 and description of the several lines of street cars 
 (Chapter II), we think the visitor will encounter no se- 
 rious difi&culty in finding any which he may select, or 
 to which he is recommended, 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 Directions to the Centennial Grounds, 
 
 As the Centennial Grounds will, during the great 
 Industrial Exhibition, commencing Maj 10, 1876, and 
 closing November 10, 1876, be the place to which most 
 visitors will seek directions, we proceed to give briefly, 
 first, directions to the Centennial Grounds from the sev- 
 eral depots, and secondly, from the established hotels. 
 
 A large portion of those who come on the Pennsylva- 
 nia Railroad (known in the West as the *' Pennsylva- 
 nia Central Railroad"), will doubtless stop at the new 
 depot, now about to be established near the main en- 
 trance to the Centennial Grounds, from which, of course, 
 no directions can be needed ; but to those who arrive 
 at the present depot, at Market and Thirty- Second 
 streets, it may be well to say that the Market Street 
 Line, and the Chestnut and Walnut Street Line, run 
 from this depot on Lancaster avenue to Belmont avenue, 
 and on Belmont avenue to the main entrance to the 
 Centennial Grounds, which is by Belmont avenue. 
 
 From all the other depots, it is well for the stranger 
 to recollect that as they are east of the Schuylkill 
 river, and there are but four bridges over which the 
 street cars pass, viz : On Chestnut, Market and Cal- 
 lowhill streets, and Girard avenue, they must select the 
 
140 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 street car lines which cross at these four points, as none 
 others can take them to the Centennial Grounds. 
 
 From the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Depot, and the 
 depot of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore 
 Railroad, at the corner of Broad street and Washington 
 avenue, take the Richmond (Union) Line, to Walnut 
 street, or to Market street, Callowhill or Girard avenue, 
 and at either of those streets, take a direct line to the 
 Centennial Grounds ; the route from Callowhill street 
 being, on Bridge or Haverford street to Lancaster ave- 
 nue, Lancaster avenue to Belmont avenue, and on this 
 to the entrance ; and the route from Girard avenue 
 bridge is on Girard avenue to Elm avenue (which is 
 upon the southern boundary of the Park), and along 
 this to the Belmont avenue, or main entrance ; or take 
 •either the Columbia Avenue, or Norris Street Line of 
 the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Street Cars, and change 
 at the points above specified, i. e.. Walnut, Market and 
 CalloY/hill streets, or at Girard avenue. 
 
 From the North Pennsylvania, Germantown and Ken- 
 sington Depots, any of the several lines which lead to 
 Girard avenue, or Callowhill street bridges, afford the 
 most direct route to the Centennial Grounds. 
 
 From the Philadelphia and Reading Depot, the Race 
 and Vine Street Line furnishes the most direct convey- 
 ance to the Centennial Grounds. 
 
 Passengers on the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, 
 landing at the foot of Vine street, by walking up Vine 
 street to Third street, can take the Race and Vine 
 Street Line, which runs direct to the Centennial 
 Grounds ; and passengers by the West Jersey Railroad, 
 
The Centennial Companion. 141 
 
 landing at the foot of Market street, have only to walk 
 up to Front street, to take the Market Street Line. 
 Those who come upon the river steamboats, or by the 
 steamship lines, will remember, that at several points 
 on Front street, which is generally but a block or square 
 distant from the wharf, they can take the street cars, 
 going direct to the Centennial Grounds. 
 
 From the hotels on Market street, the Market Street 
 Line is, of course, the most convenient route to the 
 Centennial Grounds. 
 
 From the hotels on Chestnut street, a walk of one 
 square north to Market street, or one south to Walnut 
 street brings the passenger to a direct line ; or he may 
 take almost any of the lines on which the cars run 
 north, and change at.Callowhill street, or even at Girard 
 avenue. 
 
 From the hotels on Arch street, take the Arch Street 
 Line and change at Callowhill street. 
 
 From hotels on Walnut street, the Walnut Street 
 Line, or Fairmount Park Line. 
 
 From hotels on Vine street, take the Race and Vine 
 Street Lines. 
 
 From hotels on Race street, walk to Vine, or to Arch 
 street, and take a direct line, or take a line either north 
 or south, and change at Market or Walnut, or Callow- 
 hill street or Girard avenue. 
 
 From hotels on Second, Third and Fourth streets, 
 or almost any of the streets running north and south, 
 the street cars may be taken, and by a change at one of 
 the four streets so frequently mentioned above, the 
 visitor will reach the far-famed Centennial Grounds. 
 
 10 
 
142 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 Probably many other lines than those we have men- 
 tioned, will, during the months of the Exhibition make 
 some arrangement, by which their cars will run to the 
 Centennial Grounds, and in any event, we conclude by 
 saying as we have heretofore, notice that you take 
 a car upon which you see the words '' Centennial 
 Grounds," as none but those which go to the '' centre of 
 attraction," will be permitted to carry this badge, or ad- 
 vertisement. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 Conclusion, 
 
 We are aware that in the preceding pages, we have not 
 giveffthe Centennial visitor full and explicit directions, 
 how to reach the scores of places of special interest 
 mentioned in Part First, or to which his attention may- 
 be directed bj other publications ; and hence it might be 
 concluded that we have prepared a very imperfect Guide 
 Book. To this we reply, that if it were not impossible 
 to write out full directions to each prominent object, it 
 seems to us entirely useless to do so, as we furnish the 
 means by which any intelligent person can readily reach 
 any place we have undertaken to describe, or have men- 
 tioned ; for we have been very particular to give loca- 
 tions by the streets and avenues, and frequently by the 
 number of the building, so that by the aid of the map 
 the precise location could be at once determined. More 
 than this, we conjecture, would be like asking some one 
 to take us by the hand, and lead us up to an object 
 within plain view. 
 
 By means of our copious alphabetical index, the 
 reader will find in Part First, the location by streets of 
 all the places and objects of interest, which we have re- 
 ferred to or described. Having this, the map will show, , 
 not only in what part of the city they are to be found, 
 
144 The Centennial Companion, 
 
 but as the heavy dark lines on the map indicate the 
 Street Car Lines, whether or not it may be reached by 
 that mode of conveyance ; and by Chapter 11 of Part 
 Second, we have so completely described the route of 
 each of the many Street Car Lines, that it does seem 
 impracticable' to give more detailed directions. 
 
 To find business houses, boarding houses, etc., the 
 Centennial visitor will only have to resort to the City 
 Directory, or daily newspapers,. to ascertain the location 
 by street and number, and then, by means of our map, 
 can at once determine what direction to go, and what 
 route to take. 
 
 Li conclusion, we wish our readers to remember that in 
 this little work we have only sought to direct attention to 
 what, in our opinion, is really worth seeing in and about 
 Philadelphia during the Centennial year, and as the cat- 
 alogues of articles to be exhibited at the great Interna- 
 tional Exhibition, when prepared and published, will con- 
 tain all the information desired by those who are so 
 fortunate as to enter the vast structures on the Centen- 
 nial Grounds, we have merely adverted to the probable 
 display in each building, and have made no attempt to 
 describe any portion. Besides mentioning and giving 
 the precise location of such edifices and places as we 
 have thought most worthy of examination, we have, as 
 we hope and trust, given all the directions which are re- 
 ally necessary to find them in a great city. 
 
 We feel confident we have given much reliable and 
 definite information as to what is to be seen at Phila- 
 delphia during the Centennial year, and have furnished 
 all needful directions, how to see all with the least in- 
 
The Centennial Companion, 145 
 
 convenience and expense. And if we have accomplished 
 this, we shall be more than satisfied with the result of 
 our undertaking. And so, wishing all our readers much 
 happiness during the Centennial year, whether they are 
 so fortunate as to attend the great Centennial Celebra- 
 tion and International Exhibition or not — we finish our 
 agreeable task. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 PAQH. 
 
 Alphabetical Index, use of 143 
 
 Appointment of Centennial Commission 3 
 
 Appropriations by Congress, etc ........ .4 
 
 American Philosophical Society 29 
 
 Acquisition of Fairmount Park 35 
 
 Agricultural Hall 43 
 
 Academy of Natural Sciences... 75 
 
 Arch Street M. E. Church 81 
 
 "Belmont Eeservoir 47 
 
 Bridges of Schuylkill Kiver , 48, 139 
 
 Blockley Almshouse 59 
 
 Banks, etc 103 
 
 Business Houses 108 
 
 Centennial Commission 3 
 
 Centennial Board of Pinance 3, 38 
 
 Centre Square 8, 16, 23 
 
 City Water Works 16 
 
 Carpenters' Hall 21 
 
 Centennial Grounds 38 
 
 Charitable Institutions 58 
 
 Clubs and Club Booms 68, 70 
 
 Churches and Keligious Societies 80 
 
 Cemeteries 86 
 
 Colleges, etc 76 
 
 Commercial Associations 107 
 
 Conclusion 144 
 
 Design of this Work 6 
 
 Depots of Railroads 15 
 
 Declaration of Independence 23 
 
ii Index, 
 
 Deposit Companies 106 
 
 Directions to Centennial Visitors 122, 143 
 
 Directions to Hotels from K. R. Depots 136 
 
 Directions to Centennial Grounds 139 
 
 Elm Tree Treaty Ground 4, 28 
 
 Exhibition Buildings 38 
 
 English Government Buildings 46 
 
 Eastern Penitentiary 56 
 
 Educational Institutions 71 
 
 Ferries acr-'ss the Delaware 12 
 
 Franklin Square 17 
 
 Franklin's Grave 30 
 
 Fairmount Park 33 
 
 Growth of Philadelphia 9 
 
 Graeff— Mr. Frederick 34, 54 
 
 Government Buildings 45 
 
 Gas Works 54 
 
 Girard College 73 
 
 Historical Facts, Incidents, etc ..21, 54 
 
 Horticultural Hall i ; 43 
 
 Hall of Judges 46 
 
 House of Correction 57 
 
 Hospitals 60 
 
 Hotels 97 
 
 Homes 116 
 
 Invitation to the Centennial 3 
 
 Independence Hall 22 
 
 Independence Square 25, 27 
 
 Jefferson Square 19 
 
 League Island 13 
 
 Logan Square 18 
 
 Libraries, location of 79 
 
 Laurel Hill Cemetery 87 
 
 Medical Colleges 78 
 
 Monument on Treaty Ground... 29 
 
Index > iii 
 
 Morris, Eobert, the financier ».,.......:.; 35 
 
 Main Exhibition Building 38, 39,40 
 
 Machinery Hall 40 
 
 Memorial Building 41 
 
 Markets 65 
 
 Moyamensing Prison 65 
 
 Manufacturing Establishments Ill 
 
 Map of Philadelphia 121 
 
 Names of Streets 8 
 
 Numbering of Buildings 9 
 
 Navy Yard 13, 52 
 
 National Museum 24 
 
 National Memorial Building 41 
 
 New Post Of&ce Building 51 
 
 New City Hall 53 
 
 New Lutheran Church , 81 
 
 Newspaper Offices 112 
 
 Origin of International Exhibition ..» 3 
 
 Old State House 22 
 
 Old Bell of State House 25 
 
 Old London Coffee House 27 
 
 Old Christ Church 32 
 
 Old U. S. Bank 50 
 
 Orphan Society of Philadelphia 60 
 
 Odd Fellow's Hall 67 
 
 Pennsylvania University 72 
 
 Philadelphia, design of founder of 12, 16, 34 
 
 Philadelphia, location and original plan of 7 
 
 Pennsylvania Eailroad 14 
 
 Public Squares...: 16, 20 
 
 Penn's Cottage 28 
 
 Philadelphia Hospital 31 
 
 Pennsylvania Historical Society 31 
 
 Public Markets 65 
 
 Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane 58 
 
 Residences ■> 11 > 117 
 
 Eailroads, Depots, etc « 14, 15 
 
iv hid ex, 
 
 ]Jittenhouse Square 18 
 
 Relics of llevolutionary Times 26 
 
 Religious Publication Societies 85 
 
 Streets, names of, etc 8 
 
 Steamship Lines 13 
 
 Street Cars and Lines 15, 123, 124 
 
 Scenery of Fairmount Park 37 
 
 Size of Exhibition Buildings 38 
 
 Secret Societies' Halls 68 
 
 St. John's Lutheran Church ; 81 
 
 Tea Importation Resisted 26 
 
 Theatres 95 
 
 U. S. Government Building 45 
 
 U. S. Mint 49 
 
 U.S. Custom House 50 
 
 U. S. Appraiser's Storehouse 51 
 
 U. S. Naval Asylum 62 
 
 U. S. Arsenal 62 
 
 Wharves of Steamship Lines 13 
 
 Washington Square 17 
 
 Waterworks of Philadelphia 34, 54 
 
 Women's (Exhibition) Building 44 
 
 Western Union Telegraph Office 47 
 
 Zoological Gardens 88, 93 
 
MEMORANDA. 
 
MEMORANDA. 
 
MEMORANDA. 
 
MEMORANDA. 
 
MEMORANDA. 
 
MEMORANDA. 
 
MEMORANDA. 
 
MEMORANDA. 
 
MEMORANDA. 
 
MEMORANDA. 
 
PIMCE, FIFT^iT CE]NTS, 
 
 THE 
 
 OEMTENNIAL 
 
 VISITO 
 
 ANION 
 
 j^isriD 
 
 G[uide 
 
 o 
 
 ok. 
 
 By L. A. SIMMOISrS. 
 
 ST. LOUIS : 
 
 OLIVER ADAMS & CO., PRINTERS, 16 SOUTH FIFTH STREET. 
 
 1876. 
 
L.A.SIMMONS. 
 
 V. T. CEAW'FOKD, 
 
 No/ari/. Public. 
 
 SlllOiS I SMWf Oil, 
 ATTORNEYS AT LAW, 
 
 Office, Rooniis 14 and 15, 
 
 Blfi Qkmtmmt ' $Mm@t^ 
 
 ST. XiOTJIS. 
 
 Second Floor, Bircher Building, opposite Laclede Hotel. 
 
THE CENTENNIAL 
 
 fisito'sCipaniiiiliiiiietoL 
 
 By L. A. SIMMONS. 
 
 ,R Adams & Co., St. Louis, Mo., Publishers. 
 'ar type. 
 
 150 pages, 12mo. In large. 
 
 lontains a description of all places of^ special -and 
 lorical interest in and about Philadelphia, including 
 the Centennial Grounds, Buildings, etc.; a fine map of 
 Philadelphia ; the precise location by streets arid num- 
 )ers of all Hotels, Colleges, Banks, Churches, Depots, 
 Jtc. , etc. Also directions from Depots to Hotels ; from 
 IHotels to Centennial Grounds, etc., by the street cars. 
 An interesting book for all, and indispensable to the 
 visitors of the Great International Exhibition and Cen- 
 tennial ' Celebration. 
 
 JPBICM, FIFTY CFNTS, 
 
 Booksellers can order from the undersigned, or the S^t. 
 Louis Book and News Co., St. Louis, Mo., or the Wes- 
 tern Union News Co., Chicago, Ills. A liberal discount 
 to Booksellers and Clubs. Single copies sent postpaid 
 ,:to any address on receipt of price. Address, 
 
 L. A. & H. W. SIMMONS, 
 
 P. O.'.Box 2524, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
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