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 HISTORY 
 
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 ST. LOUIS CATHEDRAL 
 
 - OF 
 
 NEVV^ ORLEANS. 
 
 — BY - 
 
 LOUIS J. LOEWENSTEIN, 
 
 Reporter Times- D(!inocrat. 
 
 'tl 
 
 'r^W-j' Publisliert by The Times-Democrat, 
 
 fe.^"^ New Ovloaus, 1882. 
 
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. HfS-M 
 Dr. CARL. D. LUDWIQ, 
 
 DENTAL SURGEON, 
 
 172 CANAL STREET, 
 
 Opposite the Grand Opera House. NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 JAMES J. REISS. 
 
 W^HOLESALE 
 
 CONFECTIONER, 
 
 VERMICELLI, MACARONI 
 
 — AND- 
 
 STEAM CRiVCKER BAKERY. 
 
 Proprietor Norman & Reiss' Extract of Coffee, 
 
 NOS. 93 AND 95 DECATUR STREET. 
 
 NEW ORLEANc*, LA. 
 
 STAR AND CRESCENT 
 
 AND — 
 
 From New Orleans to all Texas ami California Points. 
 Xhroiig-h Xi-Jiiii» and Sleepers to HOUJSbJXOIN, 
 DAIL'K' at 1J3 noon. 
 
 For further infonnation apply to 
 
 CHAS. A. WHITNEY & CO., ManagerR, 
 
 New Orleans. 
 
ADVERTISMENTS. 
 
 KB^t 
 
 '^''^PP'^K 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 
 21 CANAL STMBET, near the landing^ 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, LA. 
 
 ENTERPRISE 
 
 |teai |af,|, |liai„ pm, | 
 
 -AND— 
 
 
 ».w«'«^%f-^ '*n^ % 
 
 TOULOUSE, ST. LOUIS, BASIN AND FRANKLIN STS. 
 HEA D OF OLD BASIN, . 
 
 OFFICE — 178 Toulouse Street, Branch Office 33 Carondelet Street, 
 NEW ORLEANS, LA. 
 
 PROPRIETORS. 
 
 JAMES DEMORUELLE. CASPAR CUSACHS. 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 Himc, lladtcr, Portland |} lo^endale gemcnt, 
 
 White and Yellow Sand, Hair, Laths, Fire Clay, Tiles, 
 
 Shells, Slates, Yellow and Red Ochre, Lamp Black, Alum, Glue, and all 
 
 kinds of Bricks and Building Materials, also Sugar Lime and Charcoal. 
 
 ISOToixlouse Htreet, Oor. Franklin, Old Ba.Si*iu, 
 
 NEW ORLEANS. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 SEAL PRESSES. 
 
 BAND DATERS. 
 
 ^Tiryili^ 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OP 
 
 RUBBER HAND STAMPS 
 
 OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
 116 ORAVIEXi «T., JNe>v Orleaiis- 
 
 RIBBON STAMPS. 
 
 SELF INKERS. 
 
 W. B. SCHMIDT. 
 
 V. M. ZIEGLER. 
 
 JAS. J. SCHMIDT. 
 
 iBll 
 
 »\\\w\\\\%\sss<nwsns«s\"^«^%wS' mvwi 
 
 vA\'>s\\-^\\ ^*^^S^S!i^\\A^\\^v.^v^ ■sWwkw 'i\\\s'OT,^s< ^\s\\V\w\v 7«v\v\\s;<\\> ^^ 
 
 ifFim^'Kmm^m^mmm 
 
 
 IMPORTERS OF 
 
 if^il 
 
 l@. ^^^ 
 
 
 Nos, 49, 51, 53 <& 55 SOUTH PETERS STREET, 
 
 NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 F. P. McFARLAND. RAOUL DUPRE. 
 
 PROPRIETORS 
 South Peters, Notre Dame and Fulton Streets, New Orleans. 
 
ADVERTISMENTS. 
 
 JULIUS SCHWABACHER, 
 
 Room 47—126 Washington St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 MORRIS SCHWABACHER, 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 w^m. 
 
 w% ^ «<s4i> l5s('S-' _ ^, 
 
 Successor!* I<> Kclanabsiolier tV Ilii-NClii, 
 
 General Commission Merchants, 
 
 PROVISIONS AND GRAIN, 
 
 66 to 72 Magazine Street and 91 to 93 Poydras Street, New Orleans, La. 
 
 Liberal Cash advances made on consignments to our address in New Orleans or 
 to that of our Mr. Julius Schwabacher, Chicago, who solicits also CASH orders for 
 the purchase and shipment of provisions, etc. 
 
 JOHN T. MOORE, Jr. 
 
 JOS. M. RICE. 
 
 
 ISSiUft 
 
 —AND- 
 
 
 No. 37 & 39 Tchoupitoulas Street, 
 
 P. 0. BOX 1806. 
 
 Between Poydras and Gravier Streets. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, LA. 
 
 S©^.©t f®^ ^©@t©tt©i^''g ^i%%©sg- 
 
 R. S. HOWARD. 
 
 JAS. FLOWER- 
 
 HOWARD, FLOWER & CO., 
 COMMISSION MEEOHANTS 
 
 88 MAGAZINE STREET, 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, LA. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 SKEDS. PLANTS. FLOWERS. 
 7 Camp Street and 602 MfUfaztTief 
 
 FLORAL BAZAR, | FLORICULTURAL ESTABLISHMENT, 
 
 602 illAOAZIKE .STRKET, I 976 MACAZISfE STREET, 
 
 NURSERIES, 
 Laotver Eine, Pearl, Clinton and St. Charles otreet, near Carrollton. 
 
 Country Order.s from Planters and Commission Merchants promptlj^ attended to. 
 
 J. O. SCANNELL. 
 
 J. A. LAFAYE. 
 
 mti%^ <ig t^M.wj^'^: 
 
 136 GRAVIER STREET, 
 
 P. 0. BOX 2595. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 Bet. Camp and St. Charles. 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 I r 
 
 ]L®3 oj&nr^Si m^'mj^im'w. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, LA. 
 
 HEADQUARTERS FOR 
 
 FINE AND FASHIONABLE 
 
 
 
 ^\*»»^' 
 
 :»*»»-■ SG^ 
 
 Ma-fe-feimes. ©il ©l©tli© 
 
 ^ 
 
 CARPETS AND RUGS. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 GEO. T. SCHILLING, 
 
 157, 159 - CANAL STREET, - 157,159 
 
 A SPLENDID 
 
 v^. 
 
 FANS 
 
 OSTRICH, MAR4B0UT, PEACOCK, SILK AND SATIN, MOUNTED 
 
 IN PEARL, SHELL, IVORY, AMBER, EBONY, VIOLET 
 
 WOOD AND RUSSIAN LEATHER. 
 
 ^SATCHELS^ 
 
 IN PLUSH, SEAL SKIN, ALLIGATOR, ETC., ETC. 
 
 ^ TOILET AND DRESSING C ASES ^ 
 
 MOUNTED IN IVORY, SHELL, CELLULOID AND RUBBER. 
 
 COMBS 
 
 THIS LINE OF GOODS IN IVORY AND SHELL IN ALL FORMS. 
 
 ALSO 
 
 And a Genei'al Stock of 
 TOO EXTENSIVE TO PARTICULARISE. 
 
 MILLINERY DEPARTMENT, 
 
 BONNETS AND HATS, For Ladies and Children in all the Latest 
 
 Styles. 
 FEATHERS AND PLUMES, contributed by the birds of every clime. 
 
 FLOWERS of every hue, species and size. 
 RIBBONS in every shade and all qualities. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF — 
 
 .f 
 
 ri 
 
 mMm i@§ii, 
 
 13 CHARTRKS STREET, 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, LA. 
 
 506 CAMP STREET. 
 
 Magazine Market— Stalls Nos. 90 and 91. French Market— Only Brea<l 
 Stall in the Fruit Market. New Orleans, La. 
 
 F. ROUSE. \VM. MORTON 
 
 ROUSE & MORTON, M 
 
 (Siiccrssors to Jolan Mahonoy,) 
 
 PATTERSON STREET, near 2cl District Ferry Landing, Algiers. 
 
 Steam Tngs, Schooners. Yachts, Row Boats, Yawls, etc.. Repaired and 
 Built to order. 
 
 LIGHT AND HEAVY FORGING. 
 Near 2d T>i strict Ferry, Algiers, oth Distinct, N. O. 
 
 Orders solicited and promptly tilled. 
 
 R. FORESTER, Owner. J. FORESTER, Manager. 
 
 ORDERS RECEIVED BY TELEPHONE. 
 
 Coasst Woi'lf, Jol>l>iii<2: ^ I^iiixi j>iiig- 
 
 Office, Water Street, Between Notre Dame and Julia, New Orleans. 
 Ijandiiig, head of Canal street, or Canal street Ferry Lauding Algiers. 
 
 SIGNAL CALLS by any of the Forriea or Tugs In the Harbor— Two Long anrt Two Short 
 Thus : 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 PHOPRIETOK 
 DEALER IN 
 
 LUMBER SAWED TO ORDER. 
 
 Pattersou, uear Lavcrgue Street, Algiers. 
 
 iiviCz^scoT :b.-a^:izde3I2"S'. 
 
 v^ m,®^£^mMM,T, 
 
 -MANUFACTURING- 
 
 mmm 
 
 B, 
 
 ^im^m^ mmM S^^fe^ 
 
 7 CAROMDELET W^ALK. 
 
 Head of Old Basin. NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS, 
 
 —And Dealers in— 
 
 ^teaim and Mand Fire EngineSf Mook and Ladder 
 Trucks^ Fire Mom^ Mtc.^ Btc. 
 
 Sole Agents for Babcok Fire Exfingnisliers and Chenncal Engines, 
 
 120 COMMON STUEET, Up-stairs, New Orleans, 
 
 MISS Aii/IGE A. SMITH 
 
 
 s^ - 
 
 
 111 CANAL STREET, HEW OELEANS. 
 
 J. S. SCH^S^AB, 
 
 ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW, 
 
 28 CARONDELET STREET, 
 
 MANAGER NEW ORLEANS COLLECTING AGENCY. 
 l^^Special Pains Taken for the Collection of Bad Debts. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 14 o.a.m:f street, 
 
 NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 LEHMAN BROS, LEHMAN, DURE & CO. 
 
 New York. Montgomery, Ala. 
 
 Jotton Jactor*!) and ^ommid^ion IJerchant^, 
 
 COR. GRAVIER AN^ BARONNE STREETS, 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 K. & M. LEHMAN, H. ABRAHAM. > ^^ .. , 
 
 New York. M. STERN \ ^®^ Orleans. 
 
 J. H. ME:NrAnr), 
 HORTICULTURIST, 
 
 COR. CARONDELET AND DELORD STS., N. O. 
 Floral Decorations and Bouquets to made order. Gardens laid out. 
 
 Geo, eJ. Friedrichs, D, D, 8,, 
 
 155 ST. CHARLES STREET, CORNER GIROD, 
 
 New Orleans. 
 
 —AND— 
 
 P. I. 
 
 DErTT-A.!!. sxjK.a-Eonsrs, 
 
 142 CARONDELET STREET. 
 
ADVERTISMENTS. 
 
 
 !>«!-<^;' 
 
 
 PATTERSON STREET, 
 Two blocks below the Second District Ferry Landing, ALGIERS, LA. 
 f^F^Work executed in tlu^ best manner. Orders proini)tly attended to. 
 
 DOCK A.-ND SHIP YARDS IN ALGIERS. 
 
 FIFTH DISTRICT. 
 
 OFFICE im C03I3IOy STREET, NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 I^WIII give special attention to Docking, Hauling Out and Repairing 
 aljl kinds of Steam and Sailing Vessels, upon reasonable terms. 
 
 CHARLES C. LANDRY. 
 
 -AND DEALER IN- 
 
 A Y A/K^ti 
 
 r irffiiifTiiii 
 
 
 F 
 
 n 
 
 431 & 433 DRYADES STREET. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, LA 
 
10 
 
 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, LA 
 
 MARINE 
 
 MWi 
 
 A. BRADY & CO., 
 
 II 
 
 ;^T7' 
 
 ALGIKRS, LA. 
 
 n m:^rm' 
 
 Proprietors. 
 
 Vessels, Steamboats aud Barnes Docked on tlie most liberal Terms. 
 Contracts for New Work entered into. 
 
 Office No. 48 Carondelet Street, corner Union St., 
 
 NEW ORLEANS. • 
 
 ROBERT ROSS. 
 
 E. M. MARTINEZ. 
 
 \mmm' 
 
 F. R MMTIISZ 
 
 Wholesale Dealer and Manufacturer of 
 
 f 
 
 wm 
 
 MMM 
 
 9 MAGj^ZIlSrE STREET, 
 
 NEW ORLEANS. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 11 
 
 Ex-Gov. D. B. PENN, President. RUFUS G. LYNCH, Secretary. 
 
 No, 9 C 4RONDELET STREET. 
 
 Incorporated under the laws of the State of Louisiana. Policies paid 
 at marriage. Call at office or send for circulars. 
 
 
 
 ICI1t3^£)]C 
 
 afclccii£l4 
 
 No. 81 3IAGAZINE STREET, 
 
 Are constantly in receipt of large quantities of 
 
 OLMOMAMG AMINE ANIJ> € MEM SB, 
 
 Also of Dry Salted and Smoked Meats, Lard, Hams, Mess Pork, Corn 
 
 Meal, Grits, Flour, California Beans, Etc. For Sale in lots 
 
 to suit purchasers. 
 
 W 
 
 
 SHIPS AND STEAMBOATS SUPPLIED, 
 
 IbTo. 3 I^ront arid. 12 I^-o-lton Streets, 
 
 Bet. Gravier and Common, 
 
%? 
 
 i2 
 
 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 
 Produced 
 by fernieii- 
 tation ill the 
 hottle. 
 
 The only 
 natural pro- 
 cess. 
 
 Not strength- 
 ened with spirits 
 like most foreign 
 •vines. 
 
 Not flavored 
 in any man- 
 ner, but ah- 
 Koliitcly pure 
 
 o 
 
 Pi 
 
 a 
 
 ^ 
 
 fccuiiV^iuj?^^' 
 
 vl:i^st Extra 0^( 
 
 530 WASHINGTON ST S.F. CAL. 
 
 (=1 
 
 bO 
 
 ea 
 
 n 
 
 C(3 
 
 xi 
 bo 
 
 •Awa produces ^ 
 
 HO headache, ^ 
 
 even when ^ , . . , . , , , . 
 
 Received Silver Medal in competition with 
 
 indiscretely ^^ominent French Champagnes at Culinary Aif California 
 
 „c„,l Exhibition, New York, May, i88a. „, 
 
 '*'^*"- ^ CliMiipagne. 
 
 Don't call for Ca!ifornia Champagne merely, but state the brand, " ECLIPSE," or firm name. 
 We are the ONLY producers of Natural Sparkling Wines on the Pacific Coast. 
 
 SO 
 
 ft 
 
 ty' and 
 freight be- 
 ing about 
 88 per case 
 on imported 
 champagne, 
 enables u b 
 t o offer a n 
 equally good 
 \v i n e at a 
 much less 
 rate. 
 
 We guard 
 
 you against 
 
 i m p o sition 
 
 of parties 
 
 w li o are 
 
 foisting a 
 
 charged o r 
 
 a g a s wine 
 
 on the mar- 
 
 k e t , under 
 
 the name of 
 
 50 Customhouse St., New Ovleans, 
 
 9 
 
 Mission (Maxets, 
 Zinlimdel, 
 Hock. 
 Riesling, 
 
 Gutedel, 
 
 Tokay, 
 
 Altar Wine, 
 
 Pure Grape Brandies, 
 
 Mission Porta, 
 Slierries, 
 Angelica, 
 Sweet Muscat, 
 
 F. HOLLANDER & CO., Agents. 
 
HISTORY 
 
 — OF THE 
 
 St, %onm Catlieir: 
 
 OF NEAA^ ORLEANS. 
 
 REPORTER TIMES-DEMOCRAT. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 THE TIMES-DEMOCRAT. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS: 
 
 1882. 
 
^ 
 
 TO THE PUBLIC. 
 
 The "History of the St. Louis Cathedral of NewOrlejius" was originally 
 intended as a sketch for a Sunday edition of the Times-Democrat, but 
 its length precluded its being published in thatjournal, either as a whole 
 or serially. It was, therefore, concluded to issue it in pamphlet form. 
 
 The sketch is intended to be purely historical, and, though relating to 
 a religions institution, was not written as a religious sketch per se. 
 
 liespectfuUy, 
 
 LOUIS J. LOEWENSTEIN. 
 
 
[i^tory oi the Jt. poui^ ^athedral, 
 
 NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 The reuovatiou of the St. Louis Cathedral, thanks to tlie liberality aud 
 generosity of anonymous friends, is now completed, and the sacred edi- 
 fice, sanctified with the reminiscences of years, stands forth in majes- 
 tic sublimity clothed in a beautiful new garb. It now presents an 
 appearance worthy of a sanctuary typical of the power and grandeur of 
 the Catholic church. The donation of the sum of money by means of 
 which the venerable structure was enabled to assume its new garb, is 
 involved in an air of mystery. Last spring. Rev. Father Rouxel, Ad 
 ministrator of the Cathedral, received a notification from M. Certe, 
 Secretary of the Propagation of Faiih, in Paris, stating that he had 
 at his disposition 25,000 francs ($5000) for the Cathedral, donated 
 by an anonymous individual for the purpose of repairing aud renova- 
 ting the Cathedral. Furtlier than this nothing is known regarding 
 the donation, even by the clergy tliem themselves, the modest giver 
 does not wish to become known, and, therefore, the world is compelled 
 to admire his or her noble act without being able to give a token 
 of its appreciation. The improvements were made under the super- 
 vision of Mr. A. Castaiug. the architect, and the painting and orna- 
 mentation under that of Mr. Pescia. 
 
 The History of St. Louis Cathedral is almost the history of Ne\v 
 Orleans, and certainly that of the establishment of the Catholic church 
 in Louisiana. In giving a sketch of the structure we must, therefore, go 
 back to the foundation of the city and follow up the incidents antecedent 
 to the erection of the present building. / In 1717, one year before the 
 foundation of New Orleans, the Capuchins of the province of Cham- 
 pagne in France, seizing time by the forelock, secured for their body 
 exclusive ecclesiastical jurisdiction ov^er New Orleans and a large por- 
 tion of the territory of Louisiana. In 1718, Bienville, wlio was for 
 a second time appointed Governor of the French colony, founded New 
 Orleans. With his loyal and valiant sword he traced the site to be 
 occupied by the Paris Church, and designated the ground upon the 
 left upon which to build the Presbytery. Charts issued in 1727 indi- 
 eate that that site is the one upon which the Cathedral now stands, 
 and that the ground on the left is the rectangle comprised between 
 
16 History of the St. Louis Cathedral, 
 
 Chartres (formerly Concle), St. Anne and Royal streets and St. 
 Antoine alley, the later named in honor of Father Antoinr, the first 
 curate of the church. A wooden and adobe structure was erected under 
 the auspices of the French Government, and in honor of the Kinjj: of 
 France, named the Church of St. Ignatius, about 1720, from which time 
 date the archives of the Catholic Church in New Orleans. 
 
 In January, 1731, Father Charlevoix, a Jesuit missionary, reached New 
 Orleans from Canada by way of the Illinois and the Mississippi rivers, 
 and in his description of the infant city he sums it up as consisting of 
 one hundred cabins, placed without much order, a large wooden ware- 
 house, two or three dwelling Ikhiscs that would not have adorned a vil- 
 lage, and a miserable storehouse which had been at first occupied 
 as a chapel — a shed being now used for tliis puriiose. The population of 
 the city did not then exceed 300 persons. 
 
 On the eleventh of September, 1733, a feai'f ul tornado or hurricane de- 
 vastated the colony and played particular havoc with the little city. The 
 hospital and thirty houses were swept from tlie ground as though made 
 of cardboard. Tliree vessels tliat lay in the river at the time were 
 driven on shore, and houses and crops on the plantations, above and 
 below the city, irreparably ruined. The wind had no respect. for the 
 sacred, as it blew into atoms the little insignilicaut parish church, the 
 first place of worship ever erecteA in Louisiana. This terrible visitation 
 plunged the colonists into such misery and despair, that many attempted 
 to leave the colony, and it was long before tlie inhabitants recovered 
 from tlie calamity. The ruined portions of the little city were rebuilt, 
 and in 1734 or 1735 a new aiul more substantial parish church was erected— 
 this time of brick — which served the purposes of the community for over 
 sixty j^eais; the vc^nerable building surviving the ravages of viiiie, but 
 succumbing at last to the flames. 
 
 The territory of Louisiana at that time was divided into three grand 
 ecclesiastical districts: The first extending from the month of tlie Mis- 
 sissippi to the Illinois, was entrusted to the care of the Capuchins, who 
 were the first to administer to the spiritual wants of the people of New 
 Orleans. The bare-footed ('armelites hnd jurisdiction over tlu^ second, 
 which included the districts of Mobile, liiloxi and the Alibanu)ns. The 
 country, watered by the Wabash and Illinois rivers, formed the last of 
 the three divisions, which was the especial care of the Jesuits. Churches 
 and chapels were constructed at convenient points throughout the colony . 
 Heretofore, the only means of worship was to assemlile under the shelter 
 of trees before large wooden crosses. Tlie spirit of intolerance among 
 the colonists was very strong, and this was encoinaged by an e lict of 
 Governor IJienville's, issued in Marcli, 1734, which prohibited the exer- 
 cise of any other religion than the Catliolic, and Jews, especially, were 
 ordered to be expelled from the colony as eiuunies of the christian name. 
 
 In th(! fall of the same year two Capuchin friars or nujuks of Uw Order 
 
of the, (My ()f New Orleans. 17 
 
 of St. Francis, reached New Orleans from France, in tlui company of Dr 
 Lacliaise and PerranU, a])pointeil commissioners to examine and report 
 upon tlie woi'k done by tlie agents and clerks of the India Company in 
 Louisiana. De Lachaise was a ne]iliew of Father Francois de 
 Lachaise, a celebrated Jesuit, wlu), as the Confessor of Louis 
 XIV, was llrni anil consistent enough to witlihold abs'dution 
 fi'oni tlie royal penitent until he would either abandon or niairy 
 the celebrated Madame de Maintenon. ?tlany of tlie hest fami- 
 lies of our city and State bear in tlieir veins tiie blood of de Lachaise, the 
 commissioner. The India Compiuy, under whose auspices Louisiana 
 was colonized and New Orleans founded, entered into an agreement, in 
 this yejir (1734), with the Order or the Jesuits, by which cuiates and 
 missionaries were obtained for the upper part of the province, where 
 priests wei'e most in demand. 
 
 A new treaty was entered into with the Jesuits on the twentieth of 
 February, 1726, annulling that of 1724, stipulating an allowance of 1800 
 livres for the services of Father Beaubois, the Superior of the Jesuit mis- 
 sionaries, who had come over from France with them in 1734, and divi- 
 ding a gratilication of 3000 livres anumg the latter for their past services 
 Father Petit, the Superior of the Jesuits, was permitted to reside in New 
 Orleans, but could not exercise any ecclesiastical functions witho'it the 
 permission of the Superior of tlie Capuchins, under whose spiritual juris- 
 diction New Orleans was placed. He was to be furnished by the company 
 with a chapel, vestry room and a house and lot, for his accommodation 
 and for the temporary use of such Jesuits as might arrive in New Orleans 
 on their way to their posts in the northern portion of the territory. 
 The .Jesuit missionaries were conveyed to Louisiana at the expense of 
 the India Company, and they were each paid a yearly salary of (500 livres 
 ($133 33) with an extra annual allowance of 200 livres ($44 44) for the first 
 live years. Each missionary received at the start an outfit of 450 livres 
 ($100) and a chai)el, and at each mission either money or goods were fur- 
 nished to defray tlie expense of building- the chapel and presbytery. The 
 Jesuit lay bi others received their passage and a gratilication of 150 
 livres ($33 33), but no salary. Tiie house and chapel constructed for the 
 Superior in New Orleans, was situated upon a concession of ten arpents 
 of land fronting on the river a little above what is now Canal street. 
 The Jesuits improvcMl the front of their land with a plantation of the 
 myrtle wax shrub, and remained upon it until tlieir expulsion in 1764. 
 Arrangements of a similar character were made with the Capuchins 
 and the tieaty with the Carmelites having, for some reason unknown, 
 been cancelled, tlie ecclesiastical district heretofore under their charge 
 was added to that of the Capuchins, aTul thus the latter obtained spiritual 
 supervision over the entire lower portion of the territory. Father 
 Bruxo, their Superior, was appointed Vicar-General by the Bishop of 
 Quebec, in whose diocese the territory of Louisiana was then iuclud- 
 3 
 
History of the St. Louis Cathedral, 
 
 ed. He acted as curate of the p irisli, with the assistance of two 
 mouks as vicars. A third monk was chaplain to tlie military force in 
 New Orleans, and another at the Balize. Curates were also stationed at 
 Mobile and Biloxi in place of the deposed Carmelites, and at Cotes d'Alle- 
 mands (German Coast) and Natchitoches. A monastery, erroneously 
 called convent, was erci ted for the Capuchins, resident in New Orleans, 
 on the square below the church, the site of the present presbyteiy. 
 
 On the thirteenth of September, 1726, an agreement was also made with 
 two URSULiNE NUNS of the Convent of Rouen, nanied Marie FranQoise 
 Tranchepain, known as Sister St. Augustin, and Marie Anne le Boulau- 
 ger, know^i as Sister St. Augelique,with the assistance of Mother Catharine 
 Bruscoli, of St. Amaud, and four otlier nuns of tiieir order, to take cliargeof 
 the education of the young girls of the new colony and to nurse the sick in 
 the hospital. According to contract they were to reside permanently in 
 Louisiana ; were to be transported with four servants, at the cost of the 
 company, and to receive as a gratuity, before their departure, the sum of 
 5001ivres. The Ursuline nuns embarked with Jesuit missionaries in a com- 
 pany ship, and arrived in New Orleans in the summer of 1727. Tliehospital, 
 then situated at the corner of Chartres and Bienville streets, was put in 
 possession of the niins upon their arrival, and they resided in it until a 
 moi'e convenient dwelling could be built for them. The company con- 
 ceded to tlie hospital a tract of land on the side of the city opposite 
 the Jesuit plautal ion, fronting eight acres on the Mississippi and forty 
 in deptli, as a plantation to supply the wants of the Ursulines and to 
 afford them a sufficient remuneration for their services in the hospital. 
 Eacli of the nuns received 600 livres a year until their plantation was in 
 full cultivation. In the agreement made with them by the India or 
 Western Company, it was expressly stipulated that, if they ceased to 
 serve in the hospital as agreed upon, they would forfeit their ]>lantation 
 and the immovables attached to the liospital, and retain only the negroes 
 and other movables. 
 
 Soon after the arrival of the nuns the India Company laid the founda- 
 tion of a very large edifice for a nunnery in the lowest square on the levee, 
 on Coude street (now Chartres), between Barracks and Hospital streets, 
 and a militarj^ hospital was built near it. The nvms removed to their 
 new (luarters in the latter part of 17;J0, when it was completed, and con- 
 tinued to occu'py it until 1824, when they moved to their present more 
 spacious and delightful retreat on the banks of the river below the city. 
 At that time it was three miles from the city walls. Up to the time of the 
 construction of this convent the old one was the larr/cst house in Louisiana. 
 
 In a private letter ^o President Jefl'erson, December 27, 1803, Gov. 
 Claiborne writes : " I yesterday paid a visit of ceremony to the Ursu- 
 line Convent and returned deeply impressed with its value and import- 
 ance. There is a Ladv Abbess or Superior and eleven nuns, who devote 
 themselves to the education of girls. They, at present, accommodate 73 
 
of the City of New Orleans. 19 
 
 boarders nnd 100 scholara. Tlie children of the opulent of Lmiisiana and 
 a nninlior from Mi.ssissii)ni, here receive insti'nction ; nor do they close 
 their doors on tlie poor. Alany are here received gratuitously and 
 treated; witli the gi'eatest kindness by these benevolent women. The 
 society was, under the Spanish dominion, much larger, but many of the 
 nnns, on the transfer of Louisiana to France, shocked by the incidents 
 of the French revolution, souqrht an asylum in Havana. A number of 
 these, I am imfornied, will soon return, confiding in the protection of our 
 government." 
 
 The old convent, now occupied by the Archbishop as a residence, wnS 
 occupied by the Rta^e Legislature in 1831, as a place of assembly, on 
 account of the destruction of the State House, and used by them until 
 1884, when they removed to the building formerly used for the Charitv 
 Hospital. The Ursulines have long since ceased to be ccmnected with 
 the Charity Hospital, devoting themselves principally to the education of 
 femnles. From an humble origin theirs has become one of the wealthiest 
 relic-ions corporations of the State. Soon after the arrival of the Jesuits 
 and the Ursulines a house for the sessions of the Superior Council and 
 a .iail were built ou the ground now occupied by the Supreme Court 
 building. 
 
 While waiting for his successor, and governing the territory only a<l 
 interim, Bienville closely watched the interests of the colony and took 
 advantage of every opportunity to turn it to the profit or advantage of 
 Louisiana. He, jointly with Salmon, the commissary, wrote to the 
 French government on the fifteenth of June, 1742, as follows : " It is 
 long since the inhabitants of Louisiana made representations on the 
 necessitv of their having a college for the education of their children. 
 Convinced of the advantages of such an establishment, they invited the 
 Jesuits to undert ike its creation and management ; but the reverend 
 fathers refused on the ground that they had no lodgings suited for the 
 purpose, and had not the necessary materials to support such an institu- 
 tion. Yet, it is essential that there be one, at least for thestudy of the 
 classics of geometry, geography, pilotage, etc. There the youths of the 
 colony would be taught the knowledge of religion, which is the basis of 
 morality. It is but4:oo evidently demonstrated to parents how utterly 
 worthless turn out to be those children who are raised in idleness and 
 luxury, and how ruinously expensive it is for those who send their chil - 
 dren to France to be educated. It is even to be feared from thin 
 circumstance that the Creoles, thus educated abroad, will imbibe a 
 dislike to their native countrj', and will come back to it only to receive 
 and to convert into cash what property may be left to them by their 
 parents. Many persons in Vera Cruz would rejoice at having a college 
 here, and Avould send to it their children." 
 
 This joint application of Bienville and Salmon for a college, was set 
 aside on the ground that the colony was too unimportant for such an 
 
20 Hlatory of the St. Louis Cathedral, 
 
 establisliinont, Wliat would the individuals who held tho reins of 
 government at that time say, could they rise from their graves and look 
 upon the prosperity and importance of the colony which they snubbed in 
 so unceremonious a manner ? 
 
 In 1755 there sprang up in the colony a sort of religious warfare, which 
 added to the distraction produced by the expectation of perils from 
 abroad. It was called tiik wau of the Jesuits and the Capuchins, and 
 produced great excitement at the time. Innumerable squibs, pasqui- 
 nades, satirical songs and acrimonious writings were circulated, and the 
 wouien particularly distinguished themselves by their zeal in tlie cause 
 of cither party. Gayarre chronicles the history of that exciting and 
 memorable controversy, as follows: "In the agreement entered into 
 with the India Company in 1726, the Jesuits hatl taken care to procure, 
 as an apparently insignificant favor, thar their Superior might reside in 
 New Orleans, oti condition that he should not discharge there any 
 ecclesiastical functions, unless it sliould be with the consent of the Superior 
 of the Capnchins. This was an entering wedge which the dexterity of 
 the Jesuits turned to good purpose, so far as their interest was concerned. 
 Enough had been granted to men in whom the energy of enterprise Avaa 
 eqnal to the sagacious daring of conception, and to the artful readiness 
 of execution.; 
 
 "Tims the^y began with obtaining for their Superior, from the Hishop 
 of Quebec, in whose diocese Louisiana was included, a commission of 
 GiMud Vicar, to be carried into effect within the limitsof the ecclesiastical 
 jurisdiction of the CapuMiins, with whicli they had no riglit to interfere, 
 in virtue of the stijjulated conditionsoftlie contract entered into between 
 th(^ Capucliius and the India Canipaiiy in 1717. The Jesuits ])reren(led 
 tliat this was not a violation of tliat contract, because tlieir Sui)erioi- did 
 not assume to act as Jesuit, but as Grand Vicar and representative oL' the 
 Bishop of Quebec in his dioces(! of Louisiana. Uut the Superior Council, 
 siding witli the Cai)uchins, had refused to admit and to record the nomi- 
 milion made by tlu^ lUshoj). N<'vertlu'less, the Jesuits had gradually 
 usurped many of tlie functions of theCapuchins. in spite of the strenuous 
 ojjposilion to the latter, and had carried their audacity so far as to 
 tlireaten to interdict their rivals altogetiier. The poor Capuchins, who 
 were comj)letely bewildered and wiio were warning in the si)irit and 
 ability necessary to cope with such adversaries, contented tiieniselves 
 with uticring loud complaints and chimoring for tin' help of the govern- 
 ment, lliduckily for tlieir cause, they liad conimitlt'd the fault of acting 
 witii too much expansion oT goo(l nature towards the Jesuits. 
 
 " l'\n- instance, on tht^ ninth of Marcli, 1753, Revkrknd Fatheu 
 DA(;()nEKT, the Suix'iior of the Cai)uchins, had had the imi)ru(lent 
 courtesy of inviting Father liaudoin, the Superior of the Jesuits, to give 
 his benediction to the chapel of the hospital, built for the poor of the 
 parish of New Orleans. Father Hauiloin, the Jesuit, assented with i>i«u3 
 alacrity to the pro])()sition of Father Dagobint, the Capucliin, which 
 alacrity was stimulated by the ciicumstaiice that Father DagoluMt, on 
 that t)ccasion had, with christian meekness, offered to act. and did act as 
 aid or assistant to the proud Jesuit that is, in an inferior cai)acity. 
 Father Handoin availed himself of this circumstance as a weapon against 
 the {;ai)uchins. He said that he had publislied his letters ])atent as 
 Grand Vicar imimdiateiy after having recM'ived them, and that, although 
 he liad assumed this title and announci'd his determination to act as 
 Such, no objection had been raised to his causing, in this capacity, certain 
 
of the City of New Orleans. 21 
 
 public;! lion to be made on the twenty-sixth of February, 1752, with 
 re.irard to tlie celebration of tlic .inldlce in the parish ot New Orleans; 
 that, subsequently, he had ijiven his benediction, in the same capacity, 
 to the chapel ol tlie hosi)ital, and that, havinjj: thus V)een openly reco.uuized 
 Vicar Geneia! of lower Louisiana, it was now too late for the Capuchins 
 to dispute his title aiul pierogatives thereto ai)pertainin}r. This was the 
 qiu'stion which had aijitated the colony for several j^ears, and which 
 still remained undecided in 1755. * * * * 
 
 " But, in 1704, the Capuchins weie rid of tlieir redoubtable adversaries, 
 in coiise(inence of tlie famous Order of Expidsioii issued by the French 
 government ;i.i;ainst this celebrated reli.uious order. All their pro])erty 
 in Louisiana was seized, conliscated and sold for $180,000, a veiy large 
 sum at thar time. It is well known that the Jesuits of Spain and Naples 
 shared the sanu- fate with those of Fiance, and thnt they were almost 
 simulraneously expelled from all the domainsappertaining to tlio.se three 
 kingdoms. It was thought that these men who held, it was said, every 
 consi<1(']iition secondary to tlie prosperity of their association, and whose 
 attachment to it did not yield to that of Hoiatius, Scaevola or Brutus, for 
 Rome had beconui too powerful, and even kings had been taught to fear 
 their doctrines, which had been represented as <langerous, and their 
 ambition wliich had expanded in ])roportion to the vast wealth of their 
 order. When it was sulisequcntly abolished by the Pope himself, in 1773, 
 tlie shallow multitude, whose look does not penetrate beyond theepider- 
 mis of things, thought that the mighty society created by Loyola was 
 really dissolved ; but those who were better acquainted with the jjrodi- 
 gious organizations of the Company of J«sus, and with the vitality it de- 
 rives from it, smiled at the ignorant credulity of mankind." 
 
 On the twenty-second of February, 1770, General O'IIeilly, who had 
 taken possession of the province in the name of the King of Spain, upon 
 its transfer to the Spanish government, issued a proclamation instituting 
 several changes. No change, however, took place in the ecclesiastical 
 governmeur of the province. Father Dagobert was permitted to continue 
 in the exercise of his pastoral functions as cui'ate of New Orleans, and in 
 the administration of the southern part of the diocese of Quebec, of 
 which the Bishop had constituted him Vicar General. The other Capu- 
 chins were maintained in the curacies of their respective parishes. 
 
 The attendance of the Ursuline nuns in the lio.spital, according to a 
 full obtained from tlie Pope, was dispensed with ; their services had 
 become merely nominal, being confined to the daily attendance of two 
 nuns, during the visit of the King's physician. After noting his ])re- 
 scription they withdrew, contentiiig themselves with sending from the 
 dispensary, which was kept in the convent, the medicines he had ordered. 
 The Catholic King had directed that two nuns should be maintained 
 at his expense, for each of whom sixteen dollars were to be paid monthly 
 to the convent out of nis treasury. 
 
 The Spanish goverinnent, deeming it a matter not merely of policy, 
 but of necessity, for the preservation of its peculiar institutions, that 
 the rising generation of the colony should be instructed in the Spanish 
 language, sent over from Spain in 1772, a priest and two assistants to 
 teach that language. In the same year four young Spanish novices 
 arrived from Havana, who, upon taking the veil in the convent of the 
 Ursuliues, were also employed in teaching Spanish to young 
 
22 History of the St. Louis Cathedral, 
 
 females. Tliis was the solitary instance of interest manifested by tlie 
 
 Spanish government in the encouragement of learning during its admin- 
 
 stration of affairs in Louisiana : 
 
 Gayarre, in his forcible and graphic manner, gives a very interesting 
 
 account of the condition of Citholicisiii in Louisiana during the few 
 
 years antecedent to the war of the revolution. 
 
 "Tlie conflict," he says, "which h:id sprang up between the Jesuits and 
 Capuchins in 1755, as to the exercise of spiritual .iurisdiction in Louisi;m;i, 
 may not liave been forgotten. The Bishop of Quebec had appointed a 
 Jesuit, Father Baudoin, his Vicar General in New Orleans, but the 
 Capuchins asserted that they had, accoi'ding to a contract passed with 
 the India Company, obtained exclusivejurisdiction in lowcn- Louisiana, 
 and therefore had opposed therein the exercise of any pastoral functions 
 by the .Jesuits. The question remained undeeidiMl by the Superior 
 Council, which felt considerable reluctance to settle the controversy by 
 some final action from fear, perliaps, of turning against itself the 
 hostility of both parties, although it leaned in favor of the Capuchins. 
 Prom slieer lassitude there had ensued a sort of tacit truce, when 
 Father Hillaike de Genoveaux, tlie Superior of the C.ipuchins, who, 
 for one of a religious order, proverbiallj" famed for its ignorance, was a 
 man of no mean scholarship and of singular activity, quickened by a 
 hearty and ambitious temper, went to visit Europe without intimating 
 what he was about, and returned with the title of Apostolic Prothono- 
 tary, under which he claimed, it seems, the power to lord it over the 
 Jesuit who was the Vicar General of the Bishop of Quebec. Hence an 
 increase of wrath on the part of the Jesuits, and a renewal of the old 
 quarrel, which ceased only when the Jesuits were expelled from all the 
 French dominions. But the triumph of Father Genoveaux was not of 
 long duration, for in 1766, the Superior Council, finding that he was op- 
 posed to their scheme of insurrection, had expelled him as a perturber 
 of the public peace, and Father Dagobert had become Superior to 
 the Capuchins. They lived all together in a very fine house of 
 their own, and there never had been a more haiinonious com- 
 munity than this one was, undr r the rule of good Fatlier Dagobert. 
 He had come very young in the colony, where he had christened and 
 married everybody, so that he was looked upon as a sort of spiritual 
 father and tutor to all. He was emphatically a man of peace and if 
 there was anything which Father Dagobert hated in this Avorld, if he 
 could hate at all, it was trouble trouble of any kind -but particularly of 
 that sort which arises from intermeddling and contradiction. How could, 
 ind(;ed, Father Dagobert not be popular with old and young, with both 
 sexes and with every class? Who could have complained of one whose 
 breast harbored Jio ill feeling towards anybody, and whose lips never 
 uttered a harsh word in reprimand or blame, of one who was satisfied 
 with himself and the rest of mankind, provided he was allowed to look 
 on with Jiis arms folded, leaving angels and devils to follow the bent of 
 their nature in their respective departments." * * * 
 
 The brilliant historian of Louisiana follows up liis exquisite picture 
 
 of good old Father Dagobert with one of the erst-while disgraced 
 
 Sujjcrior of the Capuchins, and liis restoration to power. 
 
 "But," continues Gayarre, "the Evil One was hovering around 
 the walls of Eden and desolation was nigh. A short time after the pro- 
 vince had become Spanish, and the Superior Council had been abolished. 
 Father Genoveaux startled Fatlier Dagobert, by his sudden appc^ar- 
 ance before him. At first the humble spirit of the old Capuchin quailed, 
 and his heart sank within him when he saw one whose resources of mind, 
 love of power and indomitable pride he but too well knew. But it 
 seetned that misfortune had operated a salutary change in Father Gene- 
 
of the City of New Orleans. 23 
 
 veaux, and the outward man much belied the inward one, if that also 
 was not akeredjt'or he looked like one ready to kiss the rod of chastisement. 
 His head was hent as it were with contrition, his eyt^s were lowly ttxed 
 on the {?ronnd, hie liands were meekly crossed on his breast. In this 
 posture of liumiliation lie informed Father Dagobert that lie had 
 returned to serve where he had former y ruled, and he begged for 
 admittance as an humble subordinate, into the holy house from which 
 lie had been iguomiuously expelled as a Superior. With a rather falter- 
 ing voice Father Dagobert uttered some words 'of welcome to 
 his unexpected guest and expressed assent to the prayer. Keen, no 
 doubt, were his misgivings, but they were soon allayed by 
 the conduct of Father Geneveaiix, wlio not oulv gave the example of 
 submissit)n, hut who also was the very pattern of apostolic humility. He 
 seemed to have lost sight entirely of this world, and when not engaged 
 iu the few ecclesiastical functions which were assigned to him, and 
 which he discJiarged with the most exact fidelity, he was wrapped up in 
 prayer or in study, particularly the study of the Spanish anguage, so 
 tar, at least, as what Fatlier Geno veaux did could be ascertained, for he 
 came out of his cell as little as he could; and by kee])iiig so much out of 
 everybody's Avay he, by degrees, almost ceased to be considered as a 
 thing of life, or, if so, certainly there could not be a metre harmless 
 sort of a creature, or a more insignificant entity in flesh and blood. 
 
 "These were halcyon days indeed, the enjoying of which was only 
 marred by the news that Spanish Capuchins were soon expected. How 
 they would agree with their French brethren was a question which exci- 
 ted no little anxiety in tiie breasts of the latter, when, in the beginning 
 of July, 1773, itwas positively known that FatherCyrillo, of Barcelona, 
 Spain, was coming with some few assistants, in the name of the Bishop 
 of Cuba, Don Santiago Jose de Echevaria, to investigate into the affairs 
 of the church and the state of religion in the colony ; and on the 
 nineteenth of the same month, which was consecrated to tiie celebration 
 of a holyday. Father Dagobert, at the head of his Capuchins, and accom- 
 panied by a large crowd of peoi)le, went in procession to the levee iu 
 front of the public square, where FatherCyrillo and his companions were 
 received with due honors and with great demonstrations of joy. 
 
 " Tiie next day the Spanish luiests were presented to the Governor, to 
 whom F'ather Cyrillo delivered his credentials and the letters addressed 
 by the Bishop to that functuary. Governor Unzaga expressed still 
 warmer satisfaction than the ]teople at the arrival of these ministers of 
 peace and instructors in morals and religion, and declared publicly to 
 Father (Jyrillo that he was ready to inake use of all the powers with 
 which he was clothed to carry into execution the sacred instructions and 
 mandates of liis Grace, the Bishop of Culia. On the very day of the 
 arrival of the Sjiauish priests in the colony. Father Genoveaux 
 doffed the garb of humility and submission which he had assumed, 
 and proudly raising his head told Father Dagobert, iu an insult- 
 ing tone and veiy abusive language, that a radical change would 
 soon take place; that prof aneuess, wickedness and dotage would Speedily 
 be driven out of the couAent and of the country, to yield their usurped 
 
 Sower to virtue, learning, religion, active zeal and pious labor. 
 le further added, chat the avengers of his wrongs liad come at last, 
 and that now was the turn of his enemies to tremble. In order to carry 
 his threats into execution he Immediately ingratiated himself with the 
 Spanish priests, and being much their superior iu iuteligence and 
 energy, he became their secret advisor and the prompter of all the 
 maneuvres and attacks, from which the French Capuchins had to suffer. 
 " Having landed on the nineteenth of July at New Orleans, Father 
 Cyrillo lost no time in prying into the Lord's vineyard, and on the sixth 
 of August communicated to his diocesan at Havana the result of his ob- 
 servations. On the fourteenth of Sei)tembei', 1772, Fatiier Dagobert wrote 
 to the Bishop of Havana to thank his Grace for having appointed him his 
 Vicar General, a dignity which had already been conferred upon him by 
 
24 Hntary i>f the S'. Louis Cathedral. 
 
 tlie Bisliop of Quebec, when Loiiisian.a formed a ])art of tliat diocese. 
 Father Das:obert jiives [to the Spanisli Bisliop an aocnunt of his 
 ecclesiastical administration, enumerates the reforms widen it re- 
 quires, and with .crreat liumility exj)r(^sses his anxious wish to he 
 g-nidcd by tiie superior wisdom of liis apostolic chiet', whose orders lie 
 declares liimself ready to execute to tlie very letter. Fatlier Da.i,^obevt's 
 communication to the Hisliop is written with great i)roi)riety, with diir- 
 nilied subordination and christian meekiu'ss, and is not such a document 
 as could be expec+ed from the individual described by FarJier Cviillo. 
 On the twenty-sixth of the same month, Governor Ihizajia wrote to 
 tlie Bishop a disiKXich, in which he denounced the conspiracy which had 
 been formed by r,<>me unquiet spirit'^ (Kidiif^t the poor French (nipuehlns 
 whom they wislied to be censured jii<te rel injiif^te. It has resulred from 
 this persecution," said he, ''tliat Father Da.^obert, who does not 
 know what it is to complain, spoke of returniuii: to France with his com- 
 panions. At first I could not understand wh it was tlie cause of this 
 resolution, as I attributed it to his fear of the discipline which your 
 Grace mijiht establish ; but. when I was informed of the true state of 
 thin.ii:s, I sent for liim and told him to remain quiet, and that your Grace 
 would give him satisfaction. He showed himself contented with this 
 assurance and promised, that whatever your orders might be, they would 
 be scrupulously and blindly obeyed, and in the meantime he begged me 
 to artbrd him some relief, by ])reventing Father Hilaire de Genoveaux 
 from abusing him as lie was in tlie habit of doing <n^ery day. Thus 
 matters stand, and I have left them, on account of their ecclesiastical 
 nature, to the judgment of your Graci-, in order that your Grace umy 
 settle them with that prudences of which so many proofs have already 
 been given. Of tliis quality Father Cyrillo does not possess one particle. 
 
 "Tlie whole letter of the Governor seems to be written in exculpation 
 of Father Dagobert, and of the other French Capuchins, 'llieartily 
 appi'ove,' said he to the Bishop,' 'some of the instructions which y(ui 
 have given, and which are such as to secure the rights and interests of 
 the king, and the object of wliich is to retain his subjects, under !iis rule, 
 by conforming as much as possible with their genius, tJieir character and 
 manners. This is what I call acting in ai-cordance with the apostolic 
 mission; this is voluntarily making one's self the servant of all, in order 
 to gain many, and working for the service of God, l)y assuming the garb 
 of the JEW AMONG TiiK .JKWs, of the pagan among the pagans, and by 
 sharing even in the infirmities of the sick. On the whole, 1 refer myself 
 to what I have i)reviously communicated to your Grace, and from which 
 your Grace will no doubt infer, that many of the synodical regulations 
 cannot be applied to this province without injury to the interests of the 
 king, (he number of whose vassals might be diminislied considerably, if 
 those regulations were attempted to be carried into execution; and your 
 Grace will easily understand, that it is not always that the laws made for 
 one region can be safely .•idai)te(l to another.' This document is certainlj' 
 a fair specimen of the Si)anish (Jovernor's ])iudence and liberality. 
 
 "On the fourteenth ot November, 1772, Fa,ther Cyrillo, whose indigna- 
 ti 'U had, it seems, gathered more intensity from its own broodiiigs, 
 wrot(^ two lettius to tlie Bishop, and brought with additional vehemence 
 fresh accusations against the friars, whom he repn'sented as the most 
 abandoned of all human beings. Those letters, in scuiie of theii' parts, 
 are very much in the style of certain jiassaves in Juvenal and Suetonius, 
 which are hardly coin])a(ible with the chastity of modern languages. 
 The oft repeated burden of all of Father Cyrillo's communicalions was 
 his professed willingness, in all humility, and for the greater glory of 
 God, witli the Bishop's consent, and on his being invested with full 
 power, to undertake tlu^ ungiacio s and painful task of reforming all 
 the abuses which he described and rejiroliated with such indefatigable 
 zeal. 
 
 "The quarrel of these priests was far from being settled in 1773, and 
 on the tenth of July, Governor Unzaga wrote as follows to the Bishop : 
 
of the Gityqf Neiv Orleans. 25 
 
 ' I cannot understand wliat jiround Father Cyrillo can liave to rest his 
 complaints upon, and luid not your Gi'ace informed me that he complains, 
 I could not have believed it possible, for he and Father Dagobert 
 appear now to agree very well and to move in concert in everything they 
 do. With reg'ard to Father Dagobert's alleged infraction of your orders, 
 it is true that lie has not as yet executed tliem all, in all their parts, par- 
 ticularly in relation to your command to expel from the convent the 
 Itlack women, and no longer to dispense with the required publications 
 for the celebration of marriages. But I never doubted his willingness 
 soon to obey your Grace in these matters, and, tlierefore, I felt no hesi- 
 tation in giving him time for summoning to his aid the necessary 
 fortitude to throw out of doors a set of people whom he had raised and 
 kept about him from the cradle, and I well understand the weakness 
 which causes his delays. If you should take into c<msideration the diflft- 
 culty wliich there is in eradicating practices, usages and customs, and 
 if you knew the individual, you would see clearly that tlie omission on 
 his part, to which your attention has been called, has not been the result 
 of obstinacy, but of simplicity. After all, the black Avomen are now 
 kept on the jilantation of the fathers during the day, and the dispensa- 
 tions as to marriages are no longer granted. 
 
 " In one of your letters you communicate to me the complaints of the 
 fathers, as to the deportment of Father Hilaire de Genoveaux. In one of 
 my previous dispatches I made you acquainted with the character of this 
 friar, and with the cause of his expulsion from the colony when under 
 French domination. I have also mentioned his talents to your Grace 
 witli the commendation they deserve ; and I have stated that he was 
 entitled to justice at our hands. On his solicitation the King permitted 
 him to come here in order that he might proceed in concert with the 
 authorities to an examination of his case, and of the violence which he 
 said was used towards him by the Superior Council of tlie late French 
 colony, wliich not only expelled him witliout cause from the province, 
 but also deprived liim of the ecclesiastical dignity with whicli he was 
 clothed. I, therefore, took cognizance of this affair, gathered all the 
 documents relating thereto, and referred the case to the King, wlio is 
 the only competent authoi-ity to decide on its merits. I did not neglect 
 at the same time to acquaint your Grace with all its circumstances. The 
 royal decision has not yet been received, and I shall wait for it. For 
 this reason, and because I consider as slanderous the denunciations sub- 
 mitted to your Grace against the friar, I have abstained fi'om inteifering 
 with him. It is true that, at first, he joined the Spanish friars against 
 Father Dagobert ; but for the present he keeps aloof from both parties, 
 and remains quiet in his cliamber, where he devotes himself entirely to 
 study in the silence of solitude. I repeat that he is a good man, and that 
 his talents make him very useful to the church, although his pride dis- 
 qualifies him for the position of a Chief or Superior. Finally, you will 
 think as you please on the subject, but with regard to myself, I know 
 how difficult it is to come to a correct appreciation of the true merits of 
 men of that sacred calling, when they choose to quarrel among themselves. 
 
 "In your last communication you said that you were informed that 
 each of the French Capuchins had received one thousand dollars for his 
 share of the perquisites collected during the year, for the funeral rites 
 and ceremonies only, and that Father Dagobert made light of the Bull 
 OF THE Santa Cruzapa. Both assertions are false. The first will pro- 
 voke a smile and the second a sorrowful indignation. How is it possible 
 not to laugh at the impudence of the first assertion, when it is known 
 that there is not in New Orleans, and its environs a population of two 
 thousand souls of all professions and conditions, and the greater portion 
 of those people are so poor, that when they die they are biuied with no 
 charges or expenses than four realcs (50 cents), paid to the man who goes 
 to the graveyard to give them sepulture ? The origin of the extraordinary 
 information sent to your Grace proceeds, no doubt, from the fact that 
 this capital has suftered greatly from the small-pox, and that there 
 
26 History of the St. Louis Cathedral, 
 
 have been a great many deaths; but many of the dead were bhick aud 
 white children, whose parents were too i)oor to pay any funeral charges. 
 All that I could learn concerning the alleged contempt of Father 
 Dagobert for the Bull of the Santa Cnizada, is that, in conversation, he 
 said that it was unknown in France, and that in the Indies it was valu- 
 able only on account of the graces and ])rivileges attached to it, etc. [The 
 primitive object of the liuU of the Santa Crnzada was to grant indul- 
 gences to all Spaniards that would engage personally in waging war 
 against the infidels, or contribute to it by alms. The price of this bull 
 was fixed at twenty-one quartos, or fourti-en to fifteen cents. No 
 Catholic, inhabiting Spain, could abstain from purcluising it with- 
 out exposing his orthodoxy to suspicion. When provided with it 
 he had, among other privileges, that of eating flesh, with the consent of 
 his physicia'i and confessor, and also, of using eggs and milk on days of 
 fast and during Lent"]. I have conveyed to the knowledge of the King, 
 tliat it is obnoxious to his subjects in this ])rovince ; that all means of 
 persuasion are vain to reconcile tliem to it; that they consider it as a 
 tribute paid to the clergy ; that they look upon it with horror, and that 
 they would prefer it to any other tax or exaction. As the royal intentions 
 of his Majesty are that nothing be done which may be c ilculated to 
 breed discontent among his subjects, I mention this fact to your Grace 
 that you may govern yourself accordingly." 
 
 "This letter offended the Bishop aud called for an explanatory one 
 which Governor Unzaga wrote to him on the twelfth of September, 1773, 
 but the Bishop of Havana, not satisfied with the indifference w hicli he 
 thought Unzaga had manifested in this religious controveisy, had 
 applied to the Mauquis de la Torre, Governor and Captain General of 
 the Island of Cuba, and had requested hini to stimulate what he called 
 the indolence of the Governor of Louisiana. In reply to a communica- 
 tion from de la Torre on tliis subject, Unzaga wrote a long disjiatch 
 reciting to the Captain General the causes of all these religious dilhcul- 
 ties which, after all, consisted in a mere struggle for power am;»ng those 
 priests, in which the interests of the King were not imi)licated in the 
 slightest degree. He evidently sided with the French Capuciiins, in 
 whose favor he showed that his feelings were enlisted, and whom he 
 defended against most of the accusations brought against them. He 
 represented the Spanish Capuchins as being fully as ignorant as the 
 French, and indeed, it is imi)ossible to read all he says without coming 
 to the conclusion, that both the French and Sj)anish clergy in Louisiana 
 at the time were not altogether worthy of their sacred mission. 
 
 "I know the extent of the evil,' said he, ' but I believe that the appli- 
 cation of the remedy is not in my power. To which ever side I might in- 
 cline, I discover a shoal which prevents me from acting with the activity 
 and firmness which I might otherwise exliibit. If, doing violence to 
 my conscience and honor, I supported Father Cyrillo, it would be securing 
 the triumph of artifice and malignity, and oppressing innocence. Were 
 I to favor the other side, I should be obliged to remove Father Cyrillo to 
 the remotest i)art of the province, and his Giace, the Bishop, might per- 
 suade himself that I deprive him of his man, and that I oppose his 
 designs, whilst my most earnest wish is to execute them, provided they 
 do not conflict with the interests of tlie King, and have not the tendency 
 to cause the province to lose the little whicli has remained of its former 
 population. It would give much satisfaction if his Grace would pay a 
 visit to this colony to be acquainted with his flock, and w'ith the true 
 state of things. He would soon be undeceived on many points and, per- 
 haps, Avould reform certain abuses. The people here will remain quiet 
 as long as they are gently treated, but the use of the rod would produce 
 confusion. Their dispositions are the result of the hapi)y state of 1 berty 
 to which they have been accustomed from the cradle, and in which they 
 ought to be maintained, so far as is consistent with the laws of the 
 kingdom. 
 
 " IJnzaga, after having written this reply, marked with so much inde- 
 
of the. City of New Orleans. 27 
 
 pendence and lilierality, to the Marquis de la Torre, addressed on tlie 
 same day au elaborate defence of the course lie had pursued, to the 
 Bailiff DE Arriaga, one of the King's uiinisters. In tliis communi- 
 cation he does not spare the Bishop, whom he accuses of an in- 
 discreet severity wliich would have depopulated the colony, if he had, 
 as Governoi-, carried his Grace's pa-^toral instructions into execution, 
 " Considering that this document was addressed to the Court of Spain, 
 and that it was written against a high dignitary of tlie church in a 
 country wliere it is supposed to liave possessed tor centuries so much 
 power, it is impossible not to be struck with Governor Unzaga's bold 
 language. The Spanish government, which has tlie reputation of being 
 so considerate and temporizing in all its decisions, acted on this occasion 
 with its usual prudence. It supported the Bishop in all that he had 
 written or done, save a few exceptions, but at the same time it abstained 
 from censuring the Governor, and contented itself witli signifying to 
 botii fnnctunaries, that it. was confidently expected that they would make 
 some mutual sacrifices of their views for the sake of harmony, and would 
 no longer expose the King's service to suiter in consequence of their dis- 
 sensions. This hint was taken, it seems, and wliether some compromise 
 or other was effected between the Feench and Spauisli Capuchins, peace 
 appears to have spread its broad wings over the convent of this reverend 
 fraternity, and nothing further was heard of their former quarrel," 
 
 Thus ends Gayarre's account of the quarrels of the Catholic clergy of 
 New Orleans in 1772, which were destined to be in a manner repeated 
 seventy years later, in the matter of Father Antonio, and the church 
 wardens against the Abbe Walsh and Bishop Blanc. 
 
 On the seventh of January, 1777, a Mr, Henrican was appointed a Com- 
 missioner to the Synod of the Bishop of Cuba. In Septeml)er, 1778, the 
 Superior Council empowered FatherDagober'; to name o MarguillieroT 
 church warden, every two years, who gave an account of his ad- 
 minisi ratioji to two commissioners who were named every three years 
 by the administrators. In the year 1779, six Capucliin friars arrived 
 from Spain, and among them was the celebrated Father Antonie 
 DE Sedella, better known as Father Antoine, whose memory is 
 revered to this day by the faithful. He was curate of the parish 
 for nearly fifty years, and the Cathedral is almost inseparably con- 
 nected in the minds of old residents with the excellent old man, 
 adored for his universal benevolence. He is said to have performed 
 nearly one-lialf of the marriage and funeral ceremonies of the 
 inhabtiants of the province during his curacy. He was instituted 
 curate on the twenty-fifth of November, 1785, and exercised his pastoral 
 functions until his death, at the age of nearly ninety years, in 1837. 
 
 A strange anomaly, however, in the career of this good man was his 
 attempt, in the beginning of 1789, to introduce that dreaded tribunal, 
 that devil's device, the inquisition, into Louisiana. How a man so well 
 reputed for goodness and benevolence could have ever thought of such 
 a thing is beyond the power of ordinary comprehension ; but he made the 
 attempt, and liad it not been for the wisdom and liberal impulses of 
 Governor Miro, the people of the province would have had saddled upon 
 them the most terrible nightmare of religion that ever inflicted helpless 
 humanity. 
 
28 History of the St. Louis Cathedral, 
 
 Father Autoine sent a coiunmnicatiou to Governor Miro, informiug 
 him that he, the holy father, had been appointed Commissary of 
 Inquisition, which intelligence Iiad been communicated in a letter 
 received by him on the fiftli of December, 1788, from the proper authority. 
 Father Antoine's instructions were to discharge his new functions with 
 the greatest tidelity and zeal, and in conformity with the royal will. 
 Wherefore, after having made his investigations with the utmost 
 secrecy and precaution, he notified the Governor that, in order to 
 carry, as he was commanded, his instructions into perfect execution 
 in all their parts, he might soon, at some late hour of the night, 
 deem it necessary to require some guards to assist him in his operations. 
 The Governor gratified his wishes by furnishing him a guard, but 
 earlier than he desired, and with a result rather unexpected. On the 
 night of the same day upon which he had addressed Governor Miro, he 
 was rudely awakened from his slumbers by a loud knocking on the door 
 of the presbytery. Jumping out of bed and opening the door he beheld 
 in martial array before him a tile of eighteen grenadiers, headed by an 
 officer. 
 
 Thinking that the Governor had sent them to do his bidding he said: 
 " My friends, I thank jow and his excellency for the readiness of this 
 compliance with my request, but I have now no use for your services, and 
 you shall be warned in time when you are wanted ; retire then with the 
 blessings of God." But what was his horror and surprise upon being in- 
 formed by the officer that he was under arrest. " What ! " exclaimed he, 
 " will you dare lay your hands on a Commissary of the Holy Inquisition ? " 
 " I dare obey orders,'*'' replied the officer undauntedly, and Father Antoine 
 was placed on board a ship which sailed the next day for Cadiz, Spain. 
 He afterwards returned to Louisiana. 
 
 In his report of the affair, dispatched on the thiixl of June, 1789, to 
 a member of the Cabinet of Madrid, Governor Miro said : "When I 
 read the communication of that Capuchin I shuddered. His Majesty has 
 ordered me to foster the increase of population in this i)rovince, and to 
 admit in it all those that would emigrate from the banks of those rivers 
 which empty themselves into the Ohio. This course was recommended 
 by me for the powerful reasons which I have given in confidential dis- 
 patches to the Most Excellent Don Antonio Valdes, and which your 
 Excellency must have seen among the papers laid before the Supreme 
 Council of State. This emigration was to be encouraged under the 
 pledge that the new colonists should not be molested in matters of reli- 
 gion, provided there should be no other public mode of worship than the 
 Catholic. The mere name of the Inquisiticm uttered in New Oi'leans 
 would be sufficient, not only to check immigration, which is snccessfully 
 progressing, but would also be capable of driving away those who have 
 recently come, and I even fear that, in spite of my having sent out of the 
 country Father Sedella, the most fatal consequences may ensue from the 
 
of the City of Neiv Orleans. 29 
 
 mere suspiciou of the cause of his dismissal." In April, 1791, Father 
 Autoine, having returned, was appointed lionorary preacher to the King 
 »f Spain. , 
 
 In 1781, Fathku Cyrillo, the bitter enemy and heartless reviler of 
 good Father Dagobert, reached the object of Ids ambition, for, in that 
 year, he was created by Pope Pius VI, a Bishop inparUlms infiilelium, and 
 received the canonical institntiou of the see of Tricali, a town in Greece. 
 r3ut he was appointed Coadjutor or Auxiliary Bishop to his patron of 
 former j^ears, Don Jose Santiago de Echevaria, who still occupied the see 
 of Cuba, to which the diocese of New Orleans was tributary, and was 
 directed to exercise his Episcopal fuuctions in Lonisiana, so that we see 
 the detested Father Cyrillo become the first Bishop of Louisiana, tiiough 
 not of the diocese, which was not establislied until 1793. 
 
 'V) 
 The expenses of the church establishment of the province in 1785, -• 
 
 according to a statement of the total expenses of the province made in 
 
 that year by the Intendant, by order of Captain General Galvez, were 
 
 as follows : 
 
 New Orleans, a curate $ 480 00 
 
 four assistants 1260 00 
 
 Terre-aux-Boiuf s, a curate - 340 00 
 
 St. Charles, a curate ; St. John the Baptist, a curate 480 00 
 
 St. James, a curate ; Ascension, a curate ..... 480 00 
 
 Iberville, a curate , Pointe Coupe, a curate 480 00 
 
 Attakapas, a curate ; Opelousas, a curate 480 00 
 
 Natchitoches, a curate ; Natchez, a curate 480 00 
 
 St. Louis, a curate ; St. Genevieve, a curate 480 00 
 
 Galveston, a curate and sacristan, $540, expenses, $50. 590 00 
 
 Allowance for wax lights to countiy parishes 300 00 
 
 Boarding of six nuns, at the King's expense . 720 00 
 
 Boarding of twelve orphan girls 360 00 
 
 ^' 
 
 Total 16830 00 
 
 On Good Friday, the twenty-first of March, 1788, a terrible calamity 
 befell the growing little city of New Orleans, in a great fire which laid 
 the greater portion of the town in ashes. The fire broke out at half-past 
 one o'clock in the afternoon, in the residence of the military 
 treasurer, Don Vincente Jose Nunez, and the wind blowing from tlie 
 south at the time with great violence, the flames rapidly spread and 
 destroyed 856 houses, the entire business portion of the town, the finest 
 residences, the convent of the Capuchins, with most of their books, the 
 townhall, the watch-house, the arsenal with all its contents, except 750 
 muskets, the public prison, the unfortunate inmates of which narrowly 
 escaped destruction, and the parish church. Almost the only buildings 
 
30 History of the Sf. Loim Cathedrn}, 
 
 which esoajK'd destiiictioii were those ou the bauk of tlie river. The des- 
 titution that folh)wed upon the almost total annihilation of the town was 
 very great, and it was long before it recovered from the calamity. 
 Gov ernor Miro estimated the loss to be $2,595,561. 
 
 And now appears upon the scene an individual wlio was the instrument 
 of much good in his day. He, his descendants and contemporaries, have 
 played prominent parts in the annals of New Orleans, and the history of 
 the city could not be written without mention of his career. We refer to 
 l^ON Andhes Almonastek-y-Koxas, the founder of the St. Louis Cath- 
 dral. After the terrible conflagration of 1788, whi'-h d«^xtioyed the 
 brick Parish Church, built in 1724 or 1725, mass was celebrated in a 
 temp<uary building erected for tlie purpose. Tu the latter part of 1788, 
 Don Almonaster offered to the Superior Council or CahUdo, to rebuild 
 the church on a still grander and more massive scale at his own expense, 
 the government to repay him for his expenditure upon the completion 
 of the edifice. His proposition was excepted, the foundation of the 
 Cathedral laid in the spring of 1792 and completed two years later. 
 He also secured the contract for, and built the buildings on each side 
 of the Cathedral, at about $5000 a piece , the one on the left intended 
 for a presbytery, now^ occupied by t';'' ('WW Distri'-t Courts and the Civil 
 Sheriff, and the one on the right built for a townhall and jail, in which 
 the CahUdo held its sessions, now occupied by the Supreme Court, the 
 Second Recorder's Court and the Third Precinct Stati«m. 
 
 Hardly had the new Cathedral been built when, on the fete o" the 
 Immaculate Concepfon, the eighth of December of the same year (1794), 
 another great conflagration consumed the principal portion of the 
 city. The fire originated in the court yard of tlie honse of one Franoo^'a 
 Mayronne, where his children were playing with fire, and the store 
 adjoining being devoted to the sale of hay, the flames communicated 
 with it, and spread rapidly, consuming in three hours 212 of the most 
 valuable dwellings and stores, private and public property. The losses of 
 the merchants were almost incalculable, only two stores being spared by 
 the flames. The only edifice of imi)ortance which almost miraculously 
 escaped destruction was the newly built Cathedral. 
 
 Don Andres Almonaster-y-Roxas, a native of Mayrena, Province of 
 Andalusia, Spain, was of noble birtli, a colonel of the provincial troops 
 in Louisiana, an<l a cavalier of the royal and distinguished order of 
 Carlos TIL His parents were Don Miguel Jose Almonaster and Donna 
 Maria .loanna de Estrada-y-Roxas. In August, 17(59, he was appointed a 
 King's Notary, similar to our notary puldic, and in 1789, chosen by the 
 CahUdo or Governing Council (analagous to our City Council), for ordi- 
 nary Alcalde or Justice of the Peace, for the years 1789 and 1790, in 
 conjunction with a certain Don Ortega. He also succeeded Don Regnio 
 as Peipetual licfjidor and Alferez Real, which positions he held during 
 life, and was succeeded, upon bis death, by his father in law, M. Pierre 
 Denys de Laronde. 
 
of the City of New Orleans. 31 
 
 [As the nature of the offices aboveenumeratedarenot generally known 
 a sliort explanation is liere given : The Cabildo, instituted by O'Reilly 
 in place of the Superior Council of the French administration, was com- 
 posed of six perpetual Ecgklors, two ordinar}' Alcaldes, an Attorney- 
 General-Syudic, nnd a Clerk, and over which the Governor of the pi'ovince 
 presided in person. The office of perpetual liegidor was acquired by 
 purchase ; the purchaser had the faculty of transferring his office by 
 resigniition, to a known and capable person paying one-lialf of its 
 ajjpraised value on the first and one-third on every other mutation. 
 Tlie office of Alferez Real was always held bj^ one of the Begidors. Tlie 
 oi'dinary A Icaldes were chosen on the first day of every year by the Cabildo 
 and Avere always re-eligible by its unanimous vote, but not by the 
 majority, unless after the expiration of two years. At such elections the 
 votes were openly given and recorded. The ordinary Alcaldes were 
 individually judges within the city in civil and criminal cases, where 
 the defendant did not enjoy and claim the privilege of being tried by 
 a military or ecclesiastical judge, fvcro militar, fvero ecclesiastico. 
 Tliey heard and decided in their chambers, summarily and with- 
 out any written prccetdiiig, all crniplaints in wliich the value 
 of the object in dispute did not exceed twenty dollars. In other cases 
 proceedings before them were recorded by a notary, and in an apartment 
 set apart for this purpose, and where the value of the object in dispute 
 exceeded ninety thousand maravedis, or $830.88, an appeal lay from their 
 decision to the Cahildo. This body did not itself examine the 
 judgment appealed from, but chose two Begidors, who, with the 
 Alcalde, who had rendered it, reviewed the proceedings, and if he 
 and either of the Begidors approved the decision it wasaffirmed. 
 The Cahildo sat every Friday, but the Governor had tlie power 
 of convening it at any time. Wlien he did not attend one of the 
 ordinary Alcaldes presided, and immediately on the adjourment 
 two Begtdi-08 went to his house and informed him of whathad 
 been done. The ordinary Alcaldes had the first seats in the Cabildo 
 immediately after the Governor, and below them the other members sat 
 in the following order: The Alferez Beal, Principal Provincial JL/caMe, 
 -4 Iguazil Mayor or High Sheriff', Depositary General, Receiver of Fines, 
 Attorney-General-Syndic and Clerk. 
 
 The office of Alferez Beal was merely honorary, no other function 
 being assigned to the incumbant but the bearing of tlie I'oyal standard 
 in a few public ceremonies. Tlie Principal Provincial Alcalde had cogni- 
 zance of offences committed without the city. The Alguazil Mayor 
 executed personally, or by his deputies, all processes from the different 
 tribunals. The Depositary-General took charge of all moneys and efifects 
 placed in the custody of the law. The functions of the Receiver-General 
 are pointed out by his official denomination. The Attorney-General- 
 Syndic was not, as might be supposed from his title, the prosecuting 
 
32 History of the St. Louis Cathedral, 
 
 officer of tlie crown ; his duty was to propose to the Cahildo such 
 measures as the iuteres*^^ of tlie people required and to defend their rights. 
 The Eegidors received fifty dolhirs each annually, from the treasury. 
 The principal Provincial Alcalde, AJgmisil Mayor, Depositary-General, 
 Receiver of Fines and ordinary Alcalde were entitled as such to fees of 
 office.] 
 
 Besides havingbeen the l)uilder or founder of the Cathedral and the build- 
 ings on either side of it, Don Almonaster founded the St. Charles Charity 
 Hospital and its chapel, the chapel of the Lazarists, the chapel of the Ur- 
 sulines Convent, a hospital for lepers, schools for little children and the 
 Presbytery of the Cathedral. Don Almonaster had landed ujjon our 
 shores a guileless widower, liis first wife having been a Spanisli lady by the 
 name of Donna Maria Martinez. He was again married in the Parish 
 Church on the twentieth of March, 1787, just a year before it was de- 
 stroyed by the great fire, to Mlle. Louise de Laronde, a beautiful 
 young Creole of New Orleans, daughter of M. Pierre Deuys de 
 Laronde, a native of Quebec, and Marie Marguerite Broutin, of 
 New Orleans. Father Antonio Sedella performed the marriage 
 ceremony. Don Almonaster's only child and daughter, Mica>la Le- 
 Leonarda Antonia, afterwards the celebrated Mme. Pontalba, was born 
 on the sixth of November, 1795. On the twenty-third of October, 1811, 
 she was married in the Cathedral by Father Antonio to Joseph Xaviek 
 Cklestine Delfau de PoNTALiiA, a native of New Orleans, son of 
 Joseph Xavier Delfau, Baron de Pontalba, and Jeanne Francois Louise 
 Lebretton, in the presence of a brilliant assembly. Col. Bernard de 
 Marigny de MandeviUe representing Mai'shal Ney, Duke d'Elchingen, 
 the celebrated comrade in arms of Napoleon, gave the l)ride away, and 
 the Cavallero de Macarty, M. Iguace Delino de Chalmet, M. Laselve 
 de St. Avid and Mme. Deverges de St. Sauveur, officiated as witnesses. 
 Mme. de Pontalba died on the twentieth of April, 1874, at her magnifi- 
 cent Jiqtel, No. 41 Faubourg St. Honore, Paris, leaving three sons to inherit 
 the wealtli and vast landed estates which she had inherited from her 
 father. 
 
 Her husband died three or four yeai's later at the age of eighty-five. 
 His father, also a native of our city, had been, in his day, a colonel of 
 the Royal Hxerciios, and commandant of the Cote d^Allemande (German 
 Coast) and the Parish of n)erville. He took an active part as an officer 
 in Governor Bienville's expedition against the Chickasaws in 1736, and in 
 1751 received from the Marquis de Vaudreuil, Governor of the pro- 
 vince, his appointment as Commander of the Pointe Coupe Settlement 
 and the Cote d'Allemande (German Coast) ; but, in 1753, Gov. Kerlerec 
 was reluctantly compelled to remove him by the pressure of cir<!umstauces. 
 
 As Kerlerec himself declared, Pontalba should have been kept at 
 Pointe Coup6 for tiie good of the locality, but he Avas obliged to remove 
 him by the pressure of the calumnies of a gang of intriguers, who had 
 
of the City of New Orleans. 83 
 
 spread tlie rumor that Pontalha would retaiu his post, because he had 
 annually paid to 6overu<(r de Vandreuil a stipend of 13,000 livres, and 
 that the same influence would l)e brought to bear upon him (Governor 
 Kerlerec) with the same results, liet'ore the departure of Goveriu)r 
 de Vandreuil for his new post as Governor of Canada, a petition signed 
 by forty of the leading- inhabitants of Pointe Coupe, had been pre- 
 sented to Governor Kerlerec to retain Col. de Pontatba in command; 
 "but," Kerlerec confesses in one of his dispatches, "I had to yield to 
 nuilicious insinuations which tilled me with grief, humiliation, contempt 
 and disgust townrd tlie ])eople oft his country." Col. de Pon- 
 talba was appointed by the Cahildo ordinary Alcalde fori 795, 
 in conjunction with M. de Lovio, and was a member of a court 
 martial composed of Governor Kerlerec, Rochemore, In tendant Commis- 
 sary of the Territory and ten officers of the army, which convened on the 
 second of January, 1760, to consider the expediency of surrouiuling New 
 Orleans witli a ditch and pallisade, in conformity with a plan made by 
 the engineer De verges. The fortitications were to be erected at the 
 King's expense, the inhabitants of New Orleans being in no condition 
 financially to bear the burthen, although they had to bear the expense of 
 keeping them in good condition. The fortifications were completed on 
 the twenty-first of December, 1760. Col. Pontalbas ubsequently went 
 to France, taking up his residence in Paris. On the fifteenth of Sep- 
 tember, 1800, he presented to Napoleon, then First Consul, a very 
 able, lengthy and exhaustive memorial on the resources and grand 
 possibilities of the territory in whicli he had resided for many 
 years in a high official capacity. In this able document which faithfully 
 delineates the Louisiana of those days and paints the possible Louisiana 
 of the future, he exhibits a wonderfully clear .iudgment, great sagacity 
 and a most prophetic comprehension of the future, and it proves him to 
 have been a man of great mental calibre and discernment. It is a most 
 significant fact, in connection herewith, that on the first of the month 
 following the presentation of Col. de Pontalba's memorial, the secret 
 treaty of San Ildephonso Avas signed, in which Spain agreed to the re- 
 trocession of Louisiana to the French Republic. 
 
 The parents of Col. Pontalba were Joseph Delfau de Pontalba, a native 
 of Montauban, France, Chevalier of the Royal Order of St. Louis, captain 
 of one of the companies of Estaeados of Louisiana in the service of His 
 Catholic Majesty, the King of Spain, and Madeline Marguerite Broutin, 
 a native of New Orleans,daughter of M. Caesare Lebreton des Char- 
 meaux, a Mosquetero, in the service of His Catholic Majesty, the King of 
 Spain, and of Jeanne Frangoise Macarty. 
 
 Don Andres Almonaster-y-Roxas died in this city at the age of seventy- 
 three years, on the twenty-sixth of April, 1798, and was buried in the 
 grand old edifice built under his superintendence, bringing him so much 
 substantial benefit in life and glory after death. He lies in front 
 4 
 
34 Hishry of the St. Louis Cathedral, 
 
 of the altar of the Sacred Heart aud of St. Francis of Assisi, and in the 
 tloor over his grave is a large marble slab, on which are inscribed his 
 coat of arms and tlxe record of his life, his lumors and his deeds. His 
 widow afterwards married a creole gentleman by the name of de 
 Castillon. 
 
 In 1790 the Bishopric of Cuba, whicli embraced the provinces of 
 Louisiana, East and West Florula, was divided ; the Southern portion of 
 the island erected into the Archbishopric of Cuba, aud the northern 
 part, with the above-named provinces, into the Bishopric of Havana, of 
 which Don Santiago Jose de Tues-Palacios was the first incumbent. 
 In February, 1793, Rev. Father Thykso Henrique Henriquez, D. 
 D., was named by the Bishop of Havana an Auxiliary Vicar General 
 and Ecclesiastical Judge for the province of Louisiana, the Floridas 
 and Peusacola, but recalled in June, 1793, and the Rev. Father 
 Patrick Walsh, appointed Vicar General in his place, and Father 
 Jose Thomas Paxeno, Apostolic Judge. In the latter year Pope 
 Pius VI again divided the last named Bishopric, and the Diocese 
 of Louisiana, embracing the provinces of Louisiana, Eas*^^ and West 
 Florida, was founded. Don. Luis de Penalvert-y-Cardenes, the 
 Pro visor and Vicar General of the Bishop of Havana, and first Bi hop 
 of the new See, arrived in New Orleans in 1795, with two Canons, 
 who had been added to tlie clergy of the province. 
 
 In a dispatch of Bishop Peiaalvert's, of the first of November, 1795, 
 
 some insight is given into the condition of the morals and religion of the 
 
 inhabitants. He said : " Since my an-ival in this town, on the seventeenth 
 of July, I have been studying with the keenest attention tlie character of 
 its inhabitants, in order to regulate my ecclesiastical government in ac- 
 cordance with the information which I may obtain on this imi)ortant sub- 
 ject. Uu the second of August, I began the discharge of my pastoral func- 
 tions. T took possession without any difficulty of all the buildings 
 appertaining to the church, and examined all the books, accounts and other 
 matters thereto relating, but, as to re-establishing tlie purity of religion 
 and reforming the nmnners of the people, winch are the chief objects ill 
 Tridentino has in view, I have encountered many obstacles. * * * * " 
 
 The Bishop concludes by enumerating the means aud expedients 
 which he intends to use to exterminate the evils he complains of. Neces- 
 sarily his statement may have been somewhat overdrawn and allowances 
 must be made for the color of the glasses through which he, a Spanish 
 ecclesiastic, observed the gay, good natured and hospitable French 
 Louisianiaus of that day, who have transmitted their refined elegance of 
 deportment, keen apprciciation of the good things of this life and 
 unbounded hospitality to their worthy descendants. 
 
 At the close of the year 1799, Bishop Pehalvert-y-Cardenas forwarded 
 
 another dispatch, in which he thus quaintly writes of the foundation of 
 
 Freemasonry in Louisiana > "Tlie emigration from the western part 
 of the United States, and tiie toleration of oiii' government, liavc intro- 
 duced into this colony a gang of adventurers who have no religion, and 
 acknowledge no God, and they have made much worse the morals of our 
 people by their coming in contact with them in theii- trading pursuits. 
 
of the City of New OrJea-ns. 
 
 ALoDGK OF Freemasons lias been formed in one of the suburbs of the 
 city, and eonnts aniontr its iueinl>ers ofiieers of tlie saiii^on and of the 
 civil administration, merchants, natives and forciiiiurs. Their secret 
 meetinfi'S on fixed days, on which they perfoini their functions, as\yeH as 
 other circumstances, ^ive to tliis association a sus})icions and criminal 
 appearance. The adventurers I speak of Jiave scattered themselves over 
 the districts of Attahapas, Ouachita and Natchitociies, in the vicinity of 
 the province of Texas, in New Spain. They employ the Indians on their 
 farms; have frequent intercourse and conversations with them, and im- 
 press their minds with pernicious maxims, in harmony with their own 
 restless and ambitious temper, and witli the customs of their own 
 western countrymen wlio are in the habit of saying, to such of 
 their bosy as are distinguished for a, robust frame, whilst patting 
 them on the shoulder: ' You iviU he the man to go to Mexico.'' 
 Such is the case with the up])er pait of the Mississippi, with the dis- 
 trict of Illinois and the adjacent territories, in Avhich there has been a 
 remarkable intioduction of tlio-'e adventurers, who penetrate even into 
 New^ Mexico. This evil, in my opinion, can only be remedied by not 
 permitting the slightest American settlement to be made at the 
 points already designated, nor on any jiart of the Kio Colorado. 
 The parishes which were religiously dis])osed are losing their faith 
 and their old customs, the number of those christrians wlio receive the 
 sacrament at Easter decreases, and the people turn a deaf ear to the ad- 
 monitions of the clergy. It is true that the same resistance to religion 
 has always manifested itself here, but never witli such scandal as now 
 prevails. The military officers and a good many of the inhabitants live 
 almost publicly with colored concubines, and tliey do not blush at cai'ry- 
 ing the illegitimate issue they have by them to be recorded in the 
 parochial registries as their naturol cltildren.''\ 
 
 The Bishop also states that the magistrates, whose duty ought to be to 
 give a good example to the people are the first to violate all the precepts 
 of religion and maturity. In November, 1801, the cynical and fault find- 
 ing Bishop was rewarded for his unceasing energy and untiring zeal 
 in the works of the church, by promotion to the Archbishopric of 
 Guatemala. 
 
 Right Reverend Francis Porro, D. D., was appointed to succeed 
 Bishop Pehalvert, but never came to the province. Rev. Father 
 Thomas Haslett, one of the Canons of the Cathedral, who did a short 
 time before the cession of the province to the United States, had also not 
 been replaced. 
 
 The province of Louisiana in 1803, was divided into twenty-one 
 parishes for ecclesiastical purposes, four of them being without a church 
 and eight without a priest — the whole clergy not consisting of more 
 than nineteen individuals, including the Chaplain to the Ursulines Con- 
 vent, one to the troops, one in each of the two liospitals, and the three 
 assistants of the Curate of New Orleans. The salary of the Bishop 
 amounted to $4000, which was charged to some of the Bishoprics in M(^xico 
 and that of Havana. The salary of each of the two Canons was $600 and 
 those of the Curate and Chaplains were from $360 to $730, paid out of the 
 treausury. They also received fees for masses, marriages and burials ; 
 besides this, a salary of $180 a year was paid out of the royal treas- 
 ury, to each of the Sacristans of most of the parishes, $100 a year to 
 the Cathedral and $24 to each parish for bread, wine and wax lights. 
 
36 History of the St. Louis Cathedral, 
 
 The sum i)ai<l b}^ the Kiu^, the rent ol' tlie liouses on a square owned 
 by it and the hire of the pews, constituted the revenue of the Catliedral, 
 tlie other churches deriving theirs from the rent of pews alone. 
 There were two other houses of worsliip in New Orleans besides 
 the Cathedral, in wl)ich divine service was regularly jierformed— 
 the Chapel of the Ursulines and that of the Charity Hospital- 
 There were only eleven nuns in the convent, who devoted themselves 
 to the education of young girls, accepting pay from the wealthy and 
 teaching poor girls gratuitously. The Catholic was the State religion 
 and the only one whose rites were allowed to be publicly performed. No 
 person w^as compelled to attend its services and every one was permitted 
 to worship as he pleased at home, provided he showed due respect in 
 public for the ceremonies of the Catholic church. 
 
 By a Bull of Pope Pius VTI, dated September, 1803, the spiritual admin- 
 istration of the diocese of Louisiana was committed to Bishop Carrol, of 
 Baltimore, Primate of America, who made choice on the twenty-ninth of 
 December, of Father Olivier, Chaplain of the Ursulines in New 
 Orleans, for Vicar General of the territory. The nomination must, how- 
 ever, have been withdrawn, as Father Walsli still occupied the position in 
 1805. Up to the latter year nothing occurred to interrupt the tranquility of 
 the affairs of the Cathednil, but at this period the celebrated contest 
 on the subject of the ownership of the Cathedral arose between Father 
 Antoine, the po])ular Curate, and Abbe Walsh, the unpopular Vicar 
 General, which controversy agitated the affairs of the church off 
 and on for a period of nearly fifty years. Tlie Abbe Walsh claimed 
 the Cathedral as the property of the Ronuui Catholic Church, whereas. 
 Father Antoine declared it belonged to the Catholic laity of New 
 Orleans. Father Antoine, consistently with his view^s, convoked 
 an assembly of the Catholics of New Orleans, who solemnly took 
 possession of their Cathedral, nominated Messrs. Thomas Poree, 
 Paul Lauusse, Jean Baptiste Labatut, Jean Castanedo and Jean 
 Baptiste Durel, Administrators or Board of Wardens of the said 
 church, and confirmed Father Antoine in his functions. This was 
 corroborated on the eighteenth of March, 1805, by Governor 
 Claiborne, who, in a communication to President Madison, relative to 
 the quarrel, says : 
 
 "A dispute has arisen among the members of the Catholic church in 
 this city. ]\Tr. Walsh, who claims to be the Vicar General of Louisiana, 
 took upon himself to dismiss a priest wlio lia<l care of this parisli. The 
 priest a)»])ealed to his parishoners, who have disavowed the authority 
 of Mr.Walsh and elected (amidst many liurraiis) the dismissed priest, their 
 pastor. The subject excites much interest among the Catholics, but it is 
 probable, will not eventuate in any unpleasant consequences." 
 
 And in a later communication, he says: "The schism among the 
 catholics of the territory increases. The Mcar General, who claims pre- 
 cedence in the church, is about ])ublishing a pastoral letter and pro])oses 
 to give it a general circulation. I v«'iy niucli regret this religious con- 
 troversy, etc. Mr. Walsh is an Irishman, and his principal opponent. 
 
of the City of New Orleans. 37 
 
 Mr. Autonio, a Spanisli priest. Thk Marquis de Casa-Calvo is said to 
 take great interest in favor of the latter, but I have no evidence of this 
 fact." 
 
 Later, however, upon discovering that the Marquis was taking an 
 active part in tlie dispute, he addressed a letter to the gentleman upon 
 the subject, in wliich he suggested the indelicacy and impropriety of 
 any interference on liis part. 
 
 On the eleventh of July, Governor Claiborne received a letter from 
 Vicar General Walsh, in which he complained "of the interruption of public 
 tranquility, which had resulted from the ambition of a refractory monk, 
 supported in his'apostasy by the fanaticism of a misguided populace and 
 by the countenance of an individual [the Marquis of Casa-Calvo], 
 Avhose interference was fairly to be attributed less to zeal for the religion 
 he would be thought to serve, than to the indulgence of private passions 
 and the promotion of views equally dangerous to religion and to civil 
 order." He also informed Governor Claiborne that two individuals had 
 gone to Havana for tlie ex]>ress purpose of procuring a re-inforcement of 
 monks to support Father Antonio de Sedella in " his schismatic and rebel- 
 lious conduct," and prayed Cor such relief and assistance as the executive 
 could afford him. Claiborne's reply was, ''that under the American 
 government, where the rights of conscience are respected and no particu- 
 lar sect is the favorite of the law, the civil magistrates were bound 
 carefully to avoid interference in religious disputes, unless, indeed, the 
 public peace should be broken or menaced, and then it became their duty 
 to act ." In recommending harmony and tolerance to the priest, Governor 
 Claiborne observed : " For if those who profess to be the followers of 
 the meek and humble Jesus, instead of preaching brotherly love and 
 good will to man, and enforcing their precepts by example, should labor 
 to excite dissension and distrust in a community, there is, indeed, ground 
 to fear that the church itself may cease to be an object of veneration." 
 
 Though the Abbe Walsh's attempt to enlist Governor Claiborne's sup- 
 port in his cause, as against that of Father Antoine, was unsuccessful, 
 he yet insinuated some doubts into the Governor's mind, as to the 
 loyality of the popular curate. As a result of his doubts and fears. 
 Governor Claiborne thus addressed the Secretary of War, after reverting 
 to other matters: "We have a Spanish priest here who is a very 
 dangerous man. He rel)elled against the Superiors of his own church 
 and would even rebel, I am persuaded, against this government when- 
 ever a fit occasion may serve. This man was once sent away by the 
 Spanish authorities for seditious practices, and I am inclined to think 
 that I should be justifiable, should I do so likewise. This seditious 
 priest is a Father Antoine. He is a great favorite of the Louisiana ladies, 
 has married many of them and christened all their children. He is by 
 some citizens esteemed an accomplished hypocrite ; has great influence 
 with the people of color, and report says, embraces every opportunity to 
 
38 Hutury oj the Si. Louis Cathedral, 
 
 render tlieni discontented under the American irovernnient." Fol- 
 lowing up his apprehensions, Goveiiior Claiborne requested Father 
 Antoine to report at the Government House. There, in tlie presence of 
 the Mayor of the city and of Col. Bellecliass'^, member of the Legislative 
 Council, the Governor informed him of the reports vvliich were being 
 circulated about his conduct. Father Antoine listened to them witli his 
 usual humility, solemnly jn-otested his innocence, and pledged his word to 
 support the government and to promote good order. Governar Clai- 
 borne, nevertheless, thought it proper to administer to liim the oath of 
 allegiance, and caused his conduct to be carefully watched. "Tlie 
 priest " wrote the Governor, in his report to the authoi'ities at Washington, 
 "declared the reports to have oi'igimited in the malice of his enemies. 
 The division in the Catliolic church has excited many malignant 
 passions, and it is not improbable that some injustice has been done 
 to this individual." 
 
 Though Vicar General Walsh had not succeeded 'n enlisting the 
 sympathy of either the people or the government, he did not abate his 
 efforts. The matter was brought before the Superior Court of the 
 territory of Orleans, which decided against Abbe Walsh. Father 
 Antoine was maintained in his functions, and in consequence, the Admin- 
 istrators were recognized as the only representatives of tlie true owners of 
 the church— tliat is, the Catholics of New Orleans. This constituted the 
 original title of the MargmUiers, or Cliurch Wardens, to the St. Louis 
 Cathedral. Not satisfied with the title thus given them by the tribunals 
 of justice, they addressed themselves, in 1816, to the sovereign power, 
 the St.ate of Louisiana, which duly recognized and granted them a charter 
 dated March 7tli, 1816, signed by Hon. Magloire Guichard, Speaker of the 
 House of Representatives, and Hon. N. Merriam, Piesident of the 
 Senate, and approved by His Excellency, Wm. C. C. Claiborne, Governor 
 of the State. 
 
 Up to 1812the ecclesiastical concerns of Louisi.'ina were under the super- 
 vision of BisFiop Carrol, of Baltimore, Piimate of America, but in 
 that y(;ar the Pope confided them to the care of Abbk Wm. Duhourg, a 
 French Lazarist, who had resided for several years in Baltimore, and 
 arrived in New Orleans with the appointment of Apostolic Administrator. 
 On the twenty-fourth of Septemb(!r,'1815, Abbe Dub(mrg was conse- 
 crated the third Bishop of New Orleans, occupying the pjpisco])al chair 
 for nine years, at the end of which time he was made Archbishop of 
 BesanQon, France, and died there in December, 1833. He was very a 
 talented and learned man. 
 
 Tlie day before the Abb6 Dubourg was consecrated Bishop, the twenty- 
 third of September, 1815, was devoted to tlie celebration of a solemn 
 Thanksgiving in the Cathedral, Avith all the goigeous ceremonies of the 
 Catholic Church, for Jackson's victory over the British, and the preser- 
 vation of New Orleans. The Abb6 Dubourg had ordered the celebration 
 
of the City of Nexo (Mean?. 39 
 
 in answer to tlie follovviuji: letter received by liim from (tENEkai, 
 Jackson : 
 
 '* Revereud Sir : Tlie signal interposition of Heaven, in givinf;: success 
 to our arms against the enemy who so lately hnuled on our shore— an 
 enemy as powerful, as inveterate in his hatred, while it must excite, in 
 every bosom attached to the happy government under which we live, 
 emotions of the liveliest gratitudts reipiires, at the same time, some 
 external maiiifestation of those feelings. Permit me, therefore, to entreat 
 that you will cause the service of public thanksgiving to be performed in 
 the Cathedral, in token of the great assistance we have received from the 
 Ruler of all events, and our humble sense of it." 
 
 Gayarre, in his History of Louisiana, gives the following graphic 
 description of the ceremonies : "All the citizens, whatever their religious 
 creed was, joined their exertions to make that festival as impressive 
 as it was in their power. In front of the Cathedral, in the middle of that 
 square which is now known as Jackson Square, and wlu-re the equestrian 
 statue of the hero now commemorates ids fame and the gratitude of 
 Louisiana, a triumphal arch was teujporaril}' erected. It was supported 
 by six columns. On the right was a young woman with the attributes of 
 Justice, which she repres<^nted, and another, on the left, ]Hnsouated the 
 Goddess of Liberty. U)ider the arch two beautiful boys, looking as if 
 they were angels dropped from heaven on the pedestals on which they 
 stood, held, each in his tiny hand, a crown of laurels. From the arch to the 
 church, at proper intervals, were arranged young ladies representing the 
 ditterent States and Territories of the American Union. They were all 
 dressed in Avhite and covered with transparent veils ; a silver star glittered 
 on their foreheads. Each one held in her right hand a flag, on which was 
 inscribed the name of the State she represented, and in her left a basket 
 of flower- trimmed with blue ribbons. Behind each was a shield 
 appended to a lance stuck in the ground, and inscribed with the natne of 
 a State or Territory. These shields were linked together with verdaut 
 festoons, and formed a kind of lane from the triumphal arch to the gray 
 towers of the time-honortd Cathedral. 
 
 " In the real', on both sides, and extending from the entrance of the 
 square which faced the river to the church, was a glittering avenue of 
 bayonets foiined by the uniform companies of Plauche's Battalion, and 
 back of them, in every direction, surged and undulated like a sea of 
 human beings the immense multitude assembled to witness the pageantry 
 of the day. The boom of artillery and a burst of military music 
 annoucned the approach of the hero. The air was rent with acclamations 
 and the hands of beauty waved handkerchiefs and flags from the adja- 
 cent buildings, which were crowded wirh eager spectators. As General 
 Jackson passed under the triumphal arch he was crowned by the two 
 youthful genu, who expected him on their pedestals, and was congratu- 
 lated in an address delivered by the girl who personated the State of 
 Louisiana. Then, as he proceeded to tlie church, the other States and 
 Territories gracefully bowed their heads to him, each waving her flag 
 and strewing his path with flowers. At the door of the Cathedral he met 
 Abbe Dubourg, attended by all his clergy. That venerable personage 
 tluis addressed him in terms well suited to the occasion and to the sacred 
 character of the orator: 
 
 " * General— Whilst the State of Louisiaiia, in the joyful transports of 
 her gratitude, hails you as her deliverer, and the asserter of her menaced 
 liberties, whilst grateful America, so lately wrap])ed up in anxious sus- 
 pense on the fate of (his important city, the emporium of the wealth of 
 one-half of her territory and the true bulwark of her independence, is 
 now re-echoing from shore to shoie your splendid achievements, .and 
 T)rei)ariug to inscribe your name on her immortal rolls among those of 
 her Washingtons, whilst history, poetry and the monumental arts will 
 vie in consigning to the admiration of the latest posterity, a triumph, 
 perhaps, unparalleled in their records, whilst thus raised by universal 
 acclamation to the very pinnacle of fame, and surrounded with ascending 
 
40 History of the St. Louis Cathedral, 
 
 clouds of iuceuse, how a-Ai^y it had heeu for you, General, to forget the 
 Prime Mover of your wonderful success, and to assume to j'ourself a 
 praise which must essentially return to that exalted source wlienee 
 every sort of merit is derived! But, better acquainted with the nature 
 of true glory, and justly placing the summit of your ambition in approv- 
 ing yourself the worthy instvunu^nt of Heaven's merciful designs, the 
 first impulse of your religious heart was to acknowledge the signal inter- 
 position of Providence ; your iirst step is a solejun display of your humble 
 sense of His favors. Still agitated at the remembrance of those dreadful 
 agonies from which we have been so miraculously rescued, it is our duty 
 also to acknowledge that the Almighty has truly had the principal hand in 
 our delivereuce, and to follow you, (general, in attributing to His infinite 
 goodness the homage of our unfeigned gratitude. Let the infatuated 
 votary of a blind chance decide our credulous simplicity ; let the cold- 
 hearted atheist look up for the explanation of such im])ortant events to 
 the mere concatenation of human causes, to us the whole universe is 
 loud in proclaiming a Supreme Ruler, who, as h<^ holds the hearts of man 
 in his hands, holds also the thread of all contingent occurrences. ' What- 
 ever be His intermediate agents,' says an illustrious prelate, 'still on the 
 secret orders of His all-ruling providence depend the rise and prosperity, 
 as well as the decline and downfall of empires. From His lofty throne 
 above He moves every scene below, now curlnng, now letting loose tlie 
 passions of men, now infusing His own wisdom into the leaders of nations, 
 now confounding their boasted prudence, and spreading upon their 
 councils a spirit of intoxication, and thus executing his uncontrollable 
 judgments on the sons of men according to the dictates of His own 
 unerring justice.' To Him, therefore, oui- most fervent thanks are due 
 for our late unexpected rescue, and it is Him we chiefly intend to praise, 
 when considering you, General, as iJie man of His right hand, whom he 
 has taken pains to lit out for the im])ortant commission of our defence. 
 We extol that fecundity of genius by which, in circumstances of the most 
 discoiu-aging distress, you created unforeseen resources, raised as it were 
 fi-om the ground hosts of intrepid warriors, and ]irovided every vulner- 
 able point with ample means of defence. To Him we trace that instinc- 
 tive superiority of your mind, which alone rallied around you universal 
 conHdence, impressed one irresistilde movement to all the jarring ele- 
 ments of which this political machine is composed, around their their 
 slumbering si)irits, and diffused through every rank that nolde ardor 
 whicli glowed in your own bosom. To Hijn, in hue, we address our 
 acknowledgeinents for that consummate prudence which defeated all 
 the combinjitions of a sagacious enemy, entangled him in tlie very snares 
 which he had spread before us, and succeeded in effecting his utter 
 destruction without iiardly exposing the lives of our citizens. Immortal 
 thanks be to His Sujyreme Majesty for sending us su<'h an instrument of 
 His bountiful designs! A gift "of that value is the best token of the 
 continuance of His protection, the most solid encouragement to us to 
 sue for new favors. The hrst which it emboldens us humbly to 
 supplicate, as it is the nearer to our throbbing hearts, is that you 
 may long enjoy, General, the honors of your grateful country, of 
 which you will permit us to present you a pledge in this wi-eath of laurel, 
 the ])rize of victory, the symbol of immortality. The next is a speedy 
 and honoralile termination of the bloody contest in which we are engaged. 
 Xo one has so ethcaciously labored as you, G<'neral, for the acceleration 
 of that blissful period. May we soon reap that sweetest fruit of your 
 spleiulid and uninterrui)ted victories!' " 
 
 "In this address a just tribute was paid to the merits of General 
 Jackson, and to the leading traits of his character, which, in a few 
 phrases, Avere accurately delineated. Having received tlie wieath of 
 laurel ])resented by the ajjostolic hands of the speaker, the General made 
 this modest and felicitous re|)ly: 
 
 "Reverend Sir: 1 leceive, with gratitude and pleasure, the symbolical 
 crown which piety has i)repar(!d; I receive it in the name of the brave 
 men who have so effectually seconded my exertions for the preservation 
 
of the Oitij of Nno Orleans. 41 
 
 of their comitry. They well deserve the laurels wiiich their country will 
 bestow. For myself, to Jiavt^ been instrumental in tlie deliverance of 
 such a country is the jireatest blessiiii? that Heaven could confer. That 
 it has been etfected with so litth^ loss, that so few tears should cloud the 
 smiles of our triumph, and not a cypress leaf be interwoven in the 
 wreath which you present, is a souice of the most exquisite enjoyment. 
 I thank you, Keverend Sir, most sincerely, for the prayers wiiich you 
 offer u]) for my happiness. May those your patriotism dictates for our 
 beloved country be first heaid, and may mine, for your individual 
 prosperitv, as well as that of the congregation committed to your care, be 
 favorably received ! Tlie ])rosperity, the wealth, the hapinness of this 
 city will then be commensurate with tlie courage and other qualities of 
 its inhabitants." 
 
 " It is painful to record, that amidst all these rejoicings, there w^ere 
 hearts whieli still lemained deeply ulceratedby that military interference 
 with the Legislature of Louisiana, on the twenty-eighth of December, 
 which many attributed to General Jackson." 
 
 Bishop Dubourg's successor was the Right Reverknd Giuseppi 
 ROSATI, D. D., C. M., consecrated March 25, 1824, Bishop of Teuagre, in 
 partlbus infidcdiiim, and Coadjutor, and transferred to St. Louis, Mo., 
 March 27, 1827. The fifth Bishop of New Orleans was Right Reverend 
 Lepn Raymond De-Neckehe, D. D., C. M., a native of Wevelghem, 
 Belgium, where he was born on the sixth of June, 1800, his parents being 
 M. Charles De-Neckere and Marie Anne Delporte. He was consecrated 
 ^ Bishop on the twenty-fourth of June, 1830, having been the j^oungest 
 man who has sat in the Episcopal chair of New Orleans. His intellect 
 and talent gave great promise, but, unfortunately, he died on the fourth 
 of September, 1833, a victim to devotion to his afflicted parishoners 
 during the great yellow-fever epidemic of that year. He was buried with 
 great pomp on the fifth of December, the military and civil authorities, 
 and the Church Wardens, with their President, M. Hugues Pedesclaux, 
 being in attendance. 
 
 After the death of Bishop De-Neckere the affairs of the Diocese were 
 administered by Very Reverend Fathers Sibourg and Jeaujean, until 1835, 
 Right Reverend Antoine Blanc, D. D., being consecrated Bishop on the 
 twenty-second of November of that year. The consecration ceremonies 
 at the Cathedral were on a grand and magnificent scale, befitting the im- 
 portance of the event. Bishop Giuseppe Rosati, of St. Louis, formerly 
 of New Orleans, officiated, assisted by Bishop Michael Portier, of 
 Mobile, and Bishop J. B. Purcell, of Cincinnati. Rev. Father Loras 
 acted as Deacon; Rev. Father Constantius Maenhaut, Sub-Deacon; 
 Father Jainay, Master of Ceremonies. The other clergy present were 
 Fathers Jean Aloysius Leopold Moni, Curate ; Angelo Mascaroni, Au- 
 guste Jeanjean, Flavio Henrico Rossi, Marcelo Borella, Joanne Rosti, 
 Jean Martin, Joanne Audizio, Hercule Brassac, de St. Aubain, Augustino 
 
 de Angelis, L. Bone, Beauprez, E. Dliaw, Brasseur, Bernardo 
 
 Permoli, Phillipe Asensio, Jacques Marie AugusteBonniot, Paul Armand, 
 
 Kiudelon, Felice de Lopereua, Mullen, Joanne Caretta, 
 
 Floraond, Claude Rampon, Blasio Raho and FranQols Marteaet. Bishop 
 
42 History of the St. Louis Ca/Iu'dral. 
 
 Blauc was l>orii at f>iirii, France, in 17U2, ordained a priest at 
 Lyons in 1817, and after a stay of a sliort wliile, transferred to the 
 diocese of New Orleans, and, as tlie Latin inscription on a marble mural 
 tablet erected to his memory in tlie Cathedral reads, for seventeen 
 years worked witli zeal, prudence and benevolence, under tlie garb of 
 a missionary in the vineyard of the Lord, and with constantly increasing' 
 zeal and grace. In 1852, the diocese of New Orleans was elevated to an 
 archdiocese and Bisliop Blaucreceivedthe PaWiw/wasthe tirst Archbishop 
 of New Orleans. After^tvventy-ftve years occupancy of the Bishop's and 
 Archbishop's chair, and forty-two years of work in the church, the ven- 
 erable Archbishop died suddenly on the twenty-second of June, 1800, 
 aged 68 years. 
 
 Up to the year 1842 notiiiug occurred to interfere with the Church 
 Wardens in their possession of the Cathedral. Fatiieu Jean Aloysius 
 Leopold Moni had succeeded Fatiikk Antoine as Curate, which he 
 held up to the time of his death, in 1842, and upon the occasion of the 
 nomination of a new Curate to succeed the deceased Father Moni, a 
 rupture arose between the Wardens and Bishop Blanc. The Wardens 
 claimed the right of patronage, that is, the right of electing a Curate ; 
 whereas, the Bishop held that he had the sole right of designating the 
 successor to Father Moni. The ma.ter was taken before Judge Maurian, 
 of the Parish Court, and thence to the Supreme Court of the State. The 
 Wardens were represented by those brilliant legal luminaries, HoNS. 
 Pierre Soule, Christian Roselius andMAZUREAU, aud Judge Canon, 
 while JuDOES St. Paul and D. Seghers, were the attorneys for Bishop 
 Blanc. In the presentation of their case before Judge Maurian, of the 
 Parish Court of New Orleans, the petitioners represent: 
 
 " That by an act of the Legislature of the State of Louisiana they were 
 created, and are a body politic in fact and law, dc jure ct de facto. That 
 the church of St. Louis of New Orleans, belonging to the said body 
 politic, was built, linished and expressly ajjpropriated to the use of the 
 Catholic ndigion, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundr«;d 
 and ninety-four. At that time the said church, destined to replace the 
 Parochial Chuich of the same name, which had been erected in New 
 Orleans under the French government, was, by competent authority, and 
 with the consent of the founder, Don Almonaster-y-lloxas, who had 
 cause<l it to be built at his own proper expense, erected iito a Cathedral 
 or principal church, to be the seat of a Bisliop's ministerial functions. * * 
 * * * Petitioners further allege, that the Catliolics of New Orleans, ever 
 since the year eighteen hundred and tivc;, assemljled together, took pos- 
 session of the edilice called the Church of St. Louis of New OrhMUs, 
 together with all the property ther<'to ai)pertaining, and nominated 
 among themselves administrators under tne nanui of waidens, to 
 administer all the aitairs and revenues of the said church, together 
 Avith all the property to the same belonging. Those Wardens 
 have faithfully discharged their duty according to their mandate; 
 they nominated the lt(!vereiul Father Antonio de Sedella, their 
 Curate of the said church, and to continue to be their Curate. 
 
 After said nomination, a ceitain Amu'; Wausu, styling himself (Jrand 
 Vicar, vested with tiie spiritual aihainistration of the diocese of Louisi- 
 ana, and claiming the right to nominate the Curate as belonging to 
 
if the City of New Orleans. . 43 
 
 Iiimself in liis said ciipac'ty, froiiblcd and inolcstcd th<> said Antonio 
 dc ScdcUa in \\w ])<)ss(>ssion ol' Ins otHce as Cnrate ; hut a suit Inivin.ir 
 been Inoniilit by the Abbe Walsli, as i)bnntifif, a jndiinient was rcndeicd 
 by tlie SuiK'rior Court of the Territoiy of Orleans, wliieli totally upset 
 the pietentionsof Abbe Walsh, and maintained Father Antonio de Sedella 
 in tlie full possession and enjoyiuerit of his oflHce. 
 
 " Posterior to .said jud.n-nient, about the year 1810, another priest, 
 known nmler the name of Ar.BE Omviku, stylini;' himself Apostolic. 
 Viear, vested by tln^ Hisho]) of Ronie with the s]»iritual administiation of 
 the diocese of Louisiana, set uj) tlie same ])retensions from which the 
 Abbe Walsh liad been deltarred by the aforesaid jud'4-ment ; that h.' 
 endeavored to remove Father Antonio from his oifice, but he dared not 
 resort to our tribunals to effect this end. and finding that his assumed 
 autliority was not recoi;nized, he contented himself with addressing to 
 the General of the ()rder of the Capuchins in the Island of Cuba, a leniithy 
 pliillipic, against Father Antonio, Avhich, were it not for the respect 
 which is due to the dead, who must be allowed to rest in peace, might 
 justly and deservedly be qualilied as a defauiatoiy. false and slanderous 
 libel, the original of which was forwarded to Father Antonio 
 himself by the said General of tlie Capuchins, whom the author 
 of the libellous wriring had requested to order Blither Antonio <>ut 
 of his ottice, and retire to the convent to which he belonged in Si)ain. 
 Until his death, which took place on the nineteenth of Janiary, 
 18'37, Father Antonio coatinued in full and entire possession of his office 
 of Curate, without ever being therein disturbed by the Bishops whom it 
 pleased the Court of Kome to send to New Orleans. At the death of the 
 reverend and jus ly to be regretted Father Antonio, Mgr. Rosati, Bishop 
 of the diocese,' nominated by the Pope, then exercised his Episcopal func- 
 tions in New Orleans, and .at the same time. Abbe Moni, who was one of 
 the Vicars of the Parocliial .and Cathedral (Miurcli of St. Louis, under 
 Father Antonio, united the unanimous suffrages of the Catholics of New 
 Orleans, and was loudly and publicly proclaimed as the priest who 
 enjoyed their utmost conhdem-e, and as thci woithiest, if not the only one 
 worthy to succeed Father Antonio as Curate of the said church. In con- 
 sequence of this nninifestation of the popular will, and, no doul>t, 
 actuated by the i)raisewoithy intention of acceding to the wishes of the 
 Catholi<'s, 'Bisho]) Rosati informed the Wardens of the Church of St. 
 Louis, then in oflice, that he had elected or nominated Abbe ^loni as 
 Curate, to be tlu' successor of Father Antoine, and said nomination, 
 however irregular, under the existing laws, was apjuoved by the 
 Wardens in terms which clearly evinced the i)erfect undeistanding 
 and good feeling then existing between the Wardens and the Bish()p. 
 Abbe Moni remained in possession of his oflice of Curate and dis- 
 charged its duties until the day when he was com]je11ed to relinquish the 
 exercise of his functions by the disease winch caused his death, and, 
 at his reqiu'st, Mgr. Antoine Blanc then, and at the present time. 
 Bishop, nominated by the Pope, designated another priest, Abrk 
 AxDKiGK, to till the' office of Abbe Moni teini)oiarily. Prior to 
 that time, and, consetpiently, at the death of Abbe Mfuii, all the 
 Bishops, who successively exercised their ministerial functions in this 
 country, from the year 182(5, without exce))ting 15ishop Blanc, have 
 received a sahny from the Wardens of the Church of St. Limis, ])aid to 
 them out of the revenues of the church; but, in January, 1843, Bishop 
 Blanc, being no longer satisfied with that salary, deinanded, through the 
 medium of a letter addressed to petitioners, tlu^ revival in his favor of a. 
 cei'tain right known under the denomination of Cixirfd J£pisc<>i)((l, that is to 
 say, he denninded that one-fointh of the i)crquisites ((asual) of the said 
 church should IxMillowed him, over ami above his salary. Petitioners, 
 thinking they were not authorized to grant tinit dennuid, did not accede 
 thereto, aiul thej^ subsequently, sui)pressed the said salary under the 
 conviction tliat. in allowing the same, the Wardens had overstepped 
 thair powers, and because, inasnnich as liisho]) Blanc never i)reached, 
 although the canons ami laws of the church made it his duty to preach, 
 
44 History of the St. Louis Cathedral, 
 
 lie did not render to the Cluircli of St. Ijonis services equivalent to the 
 said salary. 
 
 "At the death of Abbe Moni, the officie of ('urate of the Church of St. 
 Louis haviuff l)ecoine vacant. IJishop Antoine IJlanc, setting up ajyaintlie 
 pretensions of Abbes Walsh and Olivier, which should not l)e counte- 
 nanced inasmuch as the ([uestiou had already been decided by a judgment, 
 took upon hiiaself, by virtue of his Ei)i>;coi)al authority, to confer, pleno 
 inre, and without consultiug the Wardens, the otfice of Curate of the 
 Church of St. Louis on a certain Ahue Rotjssilon, his personal friend, a 
 foreigner, a piiest unknowji to the Wardens, and who had no claim to 
 their coniidence, for that reasou. and l)ecause tliey could not recognize in 
 the Bishop the right of iiouiiiKitioii, the right of ])atrouage, which is 
 inherent to the property, they, the Wardens, rejected the nomination. 
 Said rejection was immediately followed l)y the publication of a ])astoral 
 letter of the Bishop, menacing the Wardens with ecclesiastical censure 
 and penalties, and hinting at excommunication for being schismatic, if 
 they persisted in their resistance to liis Einscopal authority. Notwith- 
 standing the aforesaid pastoral letter, tlu'. Wardens, bi'ing satistied tiiat, 
 according to the constitution and laws of this State, ai)plicable to tlie 
 subjects in controversy, as well as according to the laws of France and 
 Spain, which have not been abrogated and are yet in force, tliey could 
 iiot surrender one of their most important privileges and franchises to an 
 authority whicli, exceitt in matters of dogma and faith, is not X'e- 
 coguized in this State, and emanates from a foreign power, re- 
 fused to sul)mit themselves to the arbitrary pretensions of the Bishop. 
 In this situation of affairs, wishing to avoid as much as possihbi tlu' 
 continuation of tlie contlict of pretentious at war with the i)eace ot tlie 
 church, the Wardens consented to accept as their Curate another piiest, 
 known by the name of Fatheu Maenhaut, who was designated by the 
 Bishop; but, in consequence of the arrogation of certain i)retended rights 
 on the part of Father Maenhaut, which your ))etitioners could not 
 admit, the said Maenhaut abandoned his functions of Curate, and 
 withdrew to the Bishopric (a PcvecJie). The IJisho]) encouragid 
 Maenhaut in the steps aforesaid, and had, no doubt advised, 
 and at all events approved the assumption of the powers which 
 w^ere contested on the part of the Wardens. Afterwards, all tlie 
 priests attached to tlie Church of St. Louis were, by the authority of the 
 Bisho]), withdrawn from the church, wiierel)y it was deprived, from the 
 second of November, 1843, of all religious services, and your jietitioners 
 were disabled from discharging the duties imposed upon them by their 
 office, to the great scandal of the public, and to the detriment and 
 damage of tln^ church and of your petitioners. 
 
 " Afterwards, the true Catholics of this city, having met with a view to 
 put an end to the troubles which agitated the ])ublic mind, and to effect 
 a good understanding between the Bisho]) and the Church Wardens, a 
 comiuittcc, comi)osed of fathers of families and other good Catholics, 
 Avas a]>poiiitcd by the meeting, for the i)ui])ose of conferring with the 
 respective j)arties, to obtain from them mutual concessions, by means of 
 wiiich it was hoped that ])(!a-ce would be re-established. The result of 
 the measures was an agreement by which the Bishop renounced his arbi- 
 trary iireteusions and consented* to nominate a Curate subject to the 
 aiijtroval and disa])proval of the wardens ; that, in consecpience of said un- 
 derstanding and in virtue of the same agreement, the Bislio]) nominated 
 another })iiest, known by the name of Father Bach, whose nomination 
 was a]»j)i<)ved by the Wardens on the twelfth of January, 1843. Father 
 Bach rook ])ossession of his odice of (hirate, to which, liowever, the 
 Wardens would not have consented, if they had anti(i])ated that it Avas 
 his intention to dictate to them other and new conditions, as he after- 
 vards attempted l,o do, such as to give to the IJislioj) the i)ower of a])pro- 
 val (tv rejection of the taiiff, the rt'solution or deliberation of the 
 Wardens lixiiig salari<'s or ])eiquisites of the juiests em})loyed in 
 file church. Said pretension, on the part of Fatiiek Bach, liaving 
 been rtyected by the Waideus, he continued in the possession of 
 
of the City of New Orleans. 4i") 
 
 his office until his death, the nineteenth day of September last (1843). 
 When Curate Bach died Hisliop Hhine was absent from New Orleans, 
 and tlie other i)riests attaelied to tlie Clmrch of St. Louis reniaiued in the 
 (lisehar^e of tlieir fuuctious until tliey were all, with the exceptioii of 
 one,Avithdriiwn from the eliurch by the Hishoji, in execution of the unlim- 
 ited i>owe]'s which he :irro,sated to himself, and for the ]tur])ose of coni- 
 pelliuu' your ]K'titioncrs to an absolute surrender of their rijihts. 
 t'rnnc"i)iscs. ])o\v(ms and jireroii-ativcs, as Catholics, and as free citizens of 
 the United States, who can recognize no other sovereij^nty, except in 
 matters of religious doiiuia, than tlmt of the governinent under which 
 they live. On the return of the Bishop to New Oilcans, and as soon as 
 he was imfornied of the death of tlie Curate Bach, he stated in a 
 letter written to your petitioners, that it became his duty to con- 
 sider and select from among his priests the one best calculated to 
 till the vacancy occasioned by the dt atli of the venerable ('urate Bach. 
 
 That in said letter, which is' dated the tenth of October, 1843, he like- 
 wise states to your petitioners: 'One consideration has prevented me 
 until now, from stating to you the choice which I have made, and in 
 order to obA'iate th(\ same troubles which, during tifteen montlis, afflicted 
 the Catholic community, and which must have been as painful to you as 
 they were to ine. I have tliought that 't was necessary to determine in a 
 pi'e'cise manner what will be the condition of the jiriest whom I shall 
 place or appoint as Curate of the Cathedral. This, it appears to me, is 
 the only means of putting an end to all ditticulties. In order that a 
 priest should exercise his functions of Curate of the Cathedral 
 with dignity and propriety, it is necessary that he should have in his 
 power tiie records for which he is responsible^,both to families and to his 
 Bishop; that he should have the control and choice of the officers and 
 assistants in the interior of the church, so that he may exercise his ministry 
 without hindrance. That the free use of the jiresbytery should he secured 
 to him in such a manner as to be master in his own house, and finally, 
 that the taritfor fee bill, which is to be followed by the clergy, should be 
 subject to the approbation of the episcopal aiithority.' The Bislio]> con- 
 cludes his letter in the following W(nds: 'These propositions being 
 made for the sole jjurpose to put an end to all difficulties, I think that 
 you will at once accede to them. As soon as your acquiescence is com- 
 municated to me, I will at once inform you of the choice which T have 
 made. I have the honor to be, etc' 
 
 •'Your petitioners further represent, that they could not but be sur- 
 
 Srised at the extraordinary conditions which the Bishop attempted to 
 ictate to them, and which he required them to accept, in order to obtain 
 the nomination of a successor to the Curate Bach, whose death had 
 deprived the Church of St. Louis of its pastor ; but such was the extraordi- 
 nary character of the conditicms, that they were compelled to withhold 
 their assent thereto. Resolutions, to which effect, being passed, were 
 communicated to the Bishop ; that they could not accede to the preten- 
 sions setup by the Bishop, without transcending the powers delegated to 
 them by the charter under which they act. ***** Your ])etitioners 
 further represent, that after the Bishop had been notified that his proposi- 
 tions had been rejected, he addiessed them a letter, dated the twenty- 
 second of October last (1843), in Avhich he states, that if tliey persist in their 
 resolution, all connection between him and them shall cease, by which he 
 clearly intimates, that unless liis extravagant ])retensions are recognized 
 by your petitioners, no Curate shall Ix^ ajipointed for the Church of St. 
 Louis. In his letter, the Bislio]) endeavors to justify his various preten- 
 sions by an elaliorate discussKui, witli a view to induce the Wardens to 
 accede to his demands, and concludes by notifying to them that he will 
 always assert the exclusive right and iirivilege of appointing all Curates 
 and other ecclesiastical dignitaries. This, he pretends, is guaranteed to 
 
 Bishops, by what he calls the common ecdesiastu-al law, which is nothing 
 else than what the European Canonists, Jurists and Bishops have always 
 denominated tin; ultra montane lair, or otherwise, the purely Papal law, 
 
 which has never been in force, cither in Spain or in France, nor in the 
 
46 History of the St. Louis Cathedral, 
 
 Americtm colonies, ;ui(l lias at no period been in force iu this State. It lias, 
 on the f'oiitraiy, always been resisted and repudiated by the prelates and 
 di,<initaries ot the chnrch in those countries where an attenipt has been 
 made to introduce it. 
 
 "That, on the first of November, instant, the Wardens informed the 
 Bisho]}, throu,iih their ])resideiit, that tliey could not acknowledge his 
 unfounded and preposterous ])i'etensions, informing him. at the same 
 time, that, in the exercise of their lijilit of presentation ( droit <le patroiKige ) , 
 resul ting- from the Spanish ecclesiastical laws, which are still in force in 
 Louisiana, so far as not inconsistent with the positive constitutional and 
 statutory laws of the State, as well as from the acts of iiic»>r])()ration, 
 they have nominated a priest to the Curacy of the Church of St. Tjonis. 
 On the third of the same month the Bishop addressed a letter to the 
 President of the Wardens, in wliieh he declares, that he cannot and will 
 not acknowledg'e the right of the Wardens to make said nomination, 
 relying- on a brief or rescript of Pope Leo XII, as evidence (tf his own 
 right, and as the only guide to be followed by him as Bishop, and statins: 
 that he should consider, as schismatic, any jiriest who should exercise his 
 functicms in the church under said api)ointment, which he iiretends is 
 radically null, and alleging, that it is impossible foi' him to api>rove the 
 uoniiuation, which he calls an act of schism on the i)art of the Wardens, and 
 apprising them, that henceforward, the priests olticiating in the church, 
 as well as those attached to the obituary chapel, shall cease to be in the 
 pay of your petitioners, He concludes by accusing them of endeavoring 
 to destroy the luiity of the Catholic Cliurch, and stating, at the same 
 time, that he reserves to himself the right of withdrawing, employing and 
 changing the priests appointed by him to otticiate in the Church of St. 
 Louis, acccndiiig to his own will andjdeasure. 
 
 "And your petitioners further represent, that the language thus used 
 by the Bisho]* is indicative of an intenti<m on his iiart to secure to him- 
 self a des]»otic and absolute authority, under tlie S]»ecious jn-etext of 
 serving tlu; interests of religion, and by that means to extend the secular 
 intluence of the Court of liome over this Republic, in violation of all our 
 laws and usages, and in violation of our religious liberty, and to make 
 the (llvta of tlie Court of Rome, even in temporal matters, ])aramount to 
 the constitution and laws of this State. Fully coininced of the inevitable 
 tendency of the ])retensions of the Bisho]), and being unable, without 
 b(;ing guilty of a (lereliction of duty as Christians and as freemen, and 
 without violating the i)rinciples of the P^'ederal and State coiistituti(nis, 
 to recognize and admit said exorl)itant pretensions, they have always 
 deplored, and still sincerely de])lore the inconceivable and blind obsti- 
 nacy with which the Bishoj) persists to uphold said inctensions, and 
 especially, the violent and unchristian temper which he displays in de- 
 nouncing your ])etitioners and their acts as schismatic. In reality, they 
 liave (hine nothing more than exercise their uiKiuestionable right of 
 presenlation (droit dc jxitroiuti/c), which right consists simply in jucsent- 
 ing to him a Chatholic ])ricst to fullill the functions of ('urate of the 
 Church of St. Louis, leaving Jiiin, at the same time, his Episcopal right 
 to r<'Ject said ])reseiitatioii, if the nominee do not possess the qualilica- 
 tions retiuired to receive from him, the ISishop, the canonical institution, 
 without w liicji, the Wardens acknowledge, that such priest could not be 
 admitted to exercise his functions in the church. * * * * Your ])etitioners 
 further rejucsent, tiiat in llieir capacity of owners, they and their prede- 
 (ressoi's, have administered the temporal alfairs of flic churcli, and with 
 its revi'iiiies, which, in the beginning, were very inconsiderable, they 
 ke})t all the buildings in a i>roi)er state of repair, built the ]>riiiciple 
 steeple of the church and c<tnsiructed the gallery known as the tribune, 
 When, in 180.~), the first Church Wardens Clected by the Catholics took 
 possession of tlie ])roi)erty and commenced tlie administration of the 
 affairs of the Church of St. Louis, the real, estate belonging to it cou- 
 sisti'd in a s])ace of giound situated on the left side of the church, and 
 comprised, between Chartres, St. Anne, Royal and the con«Mnnation of 
 Orleans street. Said space of ground was at that time covered with 
 
of the City of New Orleans. 47 
 
 siDall buildings of luick and wood, of littlt^ or no value, and j'ieldinghnt 
 ,\ small revenne. The laiiic buildinf;-, wliicli is in part o])p<)site the 
 Place (VArniet^, liad oidy lieen commenced, and in the imperfect condition 
 in which it then was, beinj;- only laised to the first arches, was nsed by 
 beini- temporarily covered with boards by the person to whom it had 
 been rented, and produced only a sn.all annual rent. 
 
 " Y<uir i)etitioners, and their predecessors, have caused to be constructed, 
 on the wlu)le of said space of ground, all the brick l)uildings, several 
 stories high, with which it is now (1844) covered, fronting on St. Anne 
 and Koyal streets, and on the place called St. Antoine. The Presbytery 
 fronting on St. Antoine Place has likewise been l)uilt by your ])etitioners. 
 Before it was erected, and up to the time of tin' death of the llevereud 
 Father Antonio ile Sedella, there was nothing l)ut a small frame lH)use, in 
 which this woithy })astor resided, and he was the onb' priest attaclied to 
 the churcli who was lodged at the exix'use of the churcli. The large 
 building fronting on the Flaec (VAniies has been finished and completed 
 by your petitioners according to its original ]ilan, and disu'ibuted in sucli 
 a manner as to be couvejiiently occupied at first by private individuals, 
 and afterwards by some courts of justice in this city. When tlu- public 
 desired that all the courts sitting in New Orleans should be held in tlie 
 same building, your petitioners, both with a view to confoi-m to the 
 public exigency, and to derive a certain annual revenue from the i)ropertv, 
 <"vus<'d important additions and alterations to be nnide to and in said 
 building, so as to afford convenient halls for the sessions of ditterent 
 courts, and for the clerks and sheriffs thereof. 
 
 "The cemetery which was used by the church being too small, and the 
 police ordinances no longer permitting that interments should be made 
 therein, your petitioners i)urchased, for the use of the church, a. large 
 extent of ground, to be use<l as a Catliolic church-j'ard, not far distant 
 from RaniiKirt street, which ceuu^tery is still used for the ])urpose afore- 
 said. Your petitioners also purchased, foi' the use of tlie Catlmlics 
 belonging to the corporation, a U>t of ground situat(Hl on IJanipart street, 
 on which they have erected a small chapel or church, called the Obituary 
 Chajx'l, an<l also, a convenient dwelling-house for the priests officiating 
 in said chapel. Yoni' petitioners further I'epresent, that notwithstanding 
 all the foregoing facts and acts of proprietors and pati'ons, in opposition 
 to the laws of this State, and with the sole view to su])ersede said laws 
 by the rules ot disci])] ine of the Roman Ohurch, called the common ultra 
 iHoiitane law, Bishop An'oine Blanc contests the right of your petitlouers 
 to do or i)erforni any act, either as patrons vested with tlie riglit of pre- 
 .sentation, or otherwise, in the nomination of the priests charged with 
 the performance of religious service in the Church of St. Louis, as well 
 as in the Obituary Chapel. By his conduct and the influence which his 
 station gives him over the minds of a large number of persons incapal)le 
 of drawing a. clear distinction between the cause of religion and its min- 
 isters, and between that which belongs to the dognui or faith of the 
 Catholic religion and those laws which only regulate its discipline, the 
 TJishop has caused a deplorable division of opinion aiuong the Catholic 
 population of this city, although it was his bounden duty to use every 
 eifort in his power to preserve harmony, good feeling, benevolence luid 
 charity. 
 
 " Said division has reached to sucli a point, that, recently, a certain 
 uumb(;r of persons calling themselves the representatives of tlie Temper- 
 ance Society, generally unknown to your petitioners, but, probaoly. 
 Catholics, have puldished a vote of censure or disap]n<d)ation, conceived 
 in harsh and insulting language, of the conduct and i)retensions of your 
 petitioners, and, at the same time, ai)])ioving the conduct and pretensions 
 of the Bishop, declaring that they recognized them as just and legitimate, 
 and offering their aid and assistance to niaiutain the Bishop in the 
 exercise of his pretensions. To the great regret of your petitioners, the 
 said Bishop has addressed a letter to the representatives of the 
 Temperance Society, published in one of the newspapers in this citjs 
 in which he, without regard to the consequences which might flow from 
 
48 HiHtory of the St. LouU Cathedral. 
 
 such a step, approves of tlie sentiineuts expressed by those individuals' 
 and otievs them his ihaiiks. The Bishop, relyiug- ou the ijrotteied sup- 
 port (»f said society, and regardless of tlie evils whicli uiay be occa- 
 sioned by exciting a degree of exasperation and discontent wliich 
 may become fatal to the public peace, has finally witlidraAvu from the 
 Church of St. Louis, all the ministers of tlie gospel attached to the church 
 since tlie death of the late curate, with tlie exception of Father 
 AssENCio, VA'hose exertions, notwithstanding all his zeal and learning, 
 are inadequate to the spiritual wants of the Catholics of the Church of 
 St. Louis, which, consequently, is deserted. Finally, your petitioners 
 i-epresent, that by i^eason, and in conseciuence of the inadnnssable ])re- 
 tensions of Bishop Blanc, as well as by his refusal, either to recognize 
 the right of nomination or presentation of your petitioners, or to exercise 
 said right of nomination himself, subject to the ajiprobation of your 
 petitioners, as it has been done during the time of Bishop Eosati, in pur- 
 suance of the compromise or agreement made betv.een that Bishoj) anti 
 a committee of Catholics refened to above, and also, by the Avithdrawal 
 of all the priests from the church except one, your petitioners have 
 suffered and sustained damage to a large amount, which has increased hy 
 the effect of the libellous and defamatory letter which the Bishop has 
 written and published as aforesaid, and that said damages amount to at 
 least twenty thousand dollars, for which ]jetitioners pray, together with 
 interest and costs of suit, and for such other remedy and relief as the 
 nature of their cause, and the particular circumstances of the case may 
 require, etc." 
 
 The defendant, through his attorneys, Judge St. Paul and Judge D. 
 
 Seghers, duly entered an exception to the petition and prayed that it he 
 
 dismissed. Tiie exceptions were accordingly sustained by Judge 
 
 Maurian, and the petition dismissed, The case was carried to the 
 
 Supreme Court by the Wardens, a decision reached in the June term of 
 
 1844, and, notwithstanding tlie eloquence and ability of their counsel, 
 
 the judgment of the lower court was affirmed. The decision of the 
 
 court was delivered by Justice Buli.ard in substance, as follows : 
 
 "A vacancy in tlu; office of Curate of the Church of St. Louis of New Or- 
 leans, cannot deprive the corporation of the faculty of suing. The Curate 
 is an ex-officio member of the Board of Wardens, having but one vote, 
 like any other memlier, in its deliberations. The statutes of seventh 
 March," 1816, and twenty-second March, 1822, incorporating 'the Wardens 
 of the Church of St. Louis, of New Orleans,' do not give the Wardens a 
 right to appoint, in the theological sense of the word, a Curate, but onlv 
 to provide for his salary ; but they have a perfect right to withhold all 
 salary from anv person whatever, and even to prevent one claiming to be 
 a Curate froiii entering the church belonsiTig to the corporation. The 
 Legislature Imve not, and could not authorize the Wardens to interfere 
 in matters of m(>r(^ cl.urch discipline and doctrine, nor constitutionally 
 declare what shall constitute a Curate in the Catholic acceptation of the 
 word, without interfering in matters of r<!ligious faith and worshi]), and 
 taking a iirst step towards a <'hurch estal»lishment by law. A Bishop 
 cannot be made liable ^n damages for any expression of opinioii, as to 
 the extent of his Kpiscc pal authority, nor f<n- any act or omission in the 
 exercise of his spiritual functions. Such acts or omissions violote no legal 
 right, nor do they involve any (h'reliciion of legal duty or obligations. 
 Courts of Justice enf( rce iivil obligations only— not spiritual ones. 
 Malice is of the essence of slander. Unless it be alleged, no action can 
 be maintaiiH'd for a lib* 1. A corporation cannot maintain an action for 
 slander. The Spanish ecclesiastical laws luive no longer any force in 
 this State. The relation between a Bisho]) and the Wardens of a chiirch 
 implies'no civil contract, and consequently gives rise to no civil obliga- 
 tion. It is not a 'cimtract having for its object the gratification of any 
 
oj the City of Nt:w Orleans. 49 
 
 intellectual enjoyment, whether in relisjion, morality or taste, or any 
 convenience, or other legal gratification,' within the meaning of Art. 
 1938, § 3, of the Civil Code. The right to nominate a Curate, or the jus 
 patronatus of the Spauisli law is abrogated in tliis State. Tiic Wardtius of 
 the Cliurcli of St. Louis, of New Orleans, are authorized to administer 
 the temporalities of tlie church, and are responsible only to their con- 
 stituents for the manner in whicli they may administer them. Tiiey 
 cannot compel the Bisliop to institute a Curate of their appointment, nor 
 is he, in any legal sense, subordinate to the Wardens of any one of the 
 churches within his diocese, in relation to his clerical functions." 
 
 Messrs. Soule, Canon and Roselius, prayed for a rehearing, urging: 
 First — That the riglit of presentation is strictly a legal, or civil right, 
 capable of being enforced in a Court of Justice, under the law in force at 
 the time the Church of St. Louis was built ; Second — That the change of 
 government and repeal of tlie Spanish laws, could not impair the vested 
 rights of the plaintiffs and of those under whom they claim ; Third — Tliat 
 the rights claimed by tlie plaintiffs are not inconsistent with religious 
 liberty, nor in any way incompatible with the institutions and laws of 
 the State. The rehearing was refused. Hon. Francois XAviEu Mar- 
 tin was Chief Justice, and Hons. Henry Adams Bullard, Alonzo 
 MoRPHY, Edward Simon and Rice Garland, Associate Justices. 
 
 In F(;bruary, 1850, tlie principal tower of the CatluMlral fell, injuring 
 
 the roof and walls to a great extent. When the Wardens set about 
 
 having the Cathedral repaired, they concluded to alter and enlarge the 
 
 building to its present dimensions and appearance. It is the prevalent 
 
 erroneous belief that the Cathedral was torn down and rebuilt in 1850. 
 
 This is a mistalce, as it was simply altered and improved, and not rebuilt. 
 
 The following is a description of the Cathedral before its renovation and 
 
 alteration in 1850 : 
 
 "The architecture of the Cathedral is by no means pure, but is not 
 wanting in effect on tliis account. The lower story is of the rustic order, 
 flanked at each of the front angles by hexagonal towers, projecting 
 one-half of their diameter, showing below Tuscan antae at each angle, 
 and above pilasters of plain mason-work, in the same style, with tlie an- 
 tique wreaths on the frieze of the entablatures. These towers are 
 crowned by low si)ires, erected after Latrobe's designs, about A. D. 
 1814. The grand entrance to the Cathedral is in the middU^ ot the fr(»nt, 
 being a semi-circular arched door, with two clustered Tuscan columns 
 on either side. This entrance is Hanked by two smaller doors, similar to 
 the yjrincipal one. The second story of the front has the same general 
 appearance, as to the same number of columns etc., as the lower oiie, but 
 is of the Roman Doric order. Above, and corresponding to tluipiincipal 
 entrance, is a circular window, with niches on eitlier side of tlie side 
 doors below. On the apex of the ])e<liment of this story rises the princi- 
 pal turret, being in the Tuscan style, and in two parts the lower being 
 square, about twenty feet in height, with circular apertures on each side, 
 the upper hexagonal having a belfry, with apertures on each side for 
 letting out the sound, Hanked by antae. The proportions of the order 
 are not observed in this bi^lfry, which was erected about 1824 by Le 
 Rioiie. The Cathedral has a tenure, to speak in legal pliias<>, of every 
 Saturday evening offeiing masses for the soul of its founder, Don An- 
 dres Almonaster-y-Roxas, and every evening of that day as the sun sets, 
 does the monruful sound of the tolling bell recall his memory to the citi- 
 eens." /■ 
 
 In 1861, the year following the death of Archbishop Blanc, Right 
 
50 History of the St. Loim Cathedral. 
 
 Reverend Jean Marie Odin, D. D., was consecrated Second Aicli- 
 bisliop of New Orleans. He had been consecrated Bishop of Claiidiopo- 
 lis and Vicnr- Apostolic of Texas, March 6th, 1842, made Bishop of Gal- 
 veston in 1817, thence promoted to the Archhisliopric of New Orleans. 
 He died at Anihierle, France, May 35tli, 1870, at an advanced age. Arch- 
 bishop Odin was a man of singular piety, great devotion to his religion 
 and to the cause of hnmanity, and of untiring perseverance. For years, 
 when sent to the wilds of Texas, he labored alone and without any aid 
 or encouragement, through the greatest trials and tribulations. He was 
 very intellectual, of a modest, retiring, refined disposition, and his 
 whole life was one of continual sacrifice and good deeds. 
 
 His successor is the present incumbent, the venerable and beloved 
 ARCHBISHOP NAPOLEON JOSEPH PERCHfi, D. D., who was born 
 at Angers, formerly called Anjou, Capital of the Department of Marnc- 
 et-Loire, on the lOtli of Jaunary, 1805, and received his education in the 
 city of his birth and adjacent colleges. As a child he was unusually 
 precocious, for at the age of four years he could read his native language 
 with great fluency, and at fifteen began the study of philosophy. So 
 great was his success that he had already at the youthful age of eighteen 
 received the appointmeut of Professor of Philosophy, which he held 
 until his ordination as priest in 1829. At the age of 34 he was placed by 
 his Bishop, Mgu. Moutault-des-Isles, in cJiarge of Murr, a little town 
 not far from Angers, the population of which was difficult to lead. The 
 young priest, however, won their love and admiration to such a degree 
 that more than thirty years after his departuie, as the following striking 
 incident shows, the memory of his good deeds was fresh and green in the 
 hearts of the towns-people. A missionary priest, belonging to the Dio- 
 cese of New Orleans, in a visit made to Finance, met the Vicar of Murr, 
 the Abke Boitteau, who said to him : — "Come and preach in our church." 
 ''What," replied the humble missionary, ''I preach in your church ! What 
 are you thinking of? It is impossible." "On tlu^ contrary," answered 
 the Abbe, "you have only to talk about tlie Ahhe Peuche to the people 
 of Murr ; tell them that he is your Archbishop, that you have hani sent 
 by him to them. Tliat name is held in reverence by them ; it will pro- 
 duce a magical effect ; they will be touched, moved , they will listen to 
 you witli more attention, more sympathy, tliiin if you were to talk of 
 God, of the Holy Virgin or of the Saints ; the Abbe Perche is everytliing 
 to them — he is more than the good God himself!" The young Abbe 
 Perche afterwards exercised his ministerial functions for some time at 
 Turquand, and at the Prison of Fontevrault with equal success. Having 
 been given charge of several houses of the Dames du Bon-Puftciir (La- 
 dies of the Good Sliepherd) he remodelled and strengthed the organiza- 
 tion, malcing it more compact and useful than it ever had been before. 
 Mgr. Flaget, Bishop of Bardstown, Ky., made in 1836, a trip to France 
 for the purpose of securing preachers for missionary work iu Kentucky. 
 The young Abb6 Perche was the first to offer his services, and the year 
 
of the City of New Orleans. 51 
 
 interv'^ening- between his departure for new fields of labor he occupied in 
 studying- diligently, m prepuration for the work that awaited him. In 1837 
 he arrived in the United States, and was stationed by Mgr. Flaget at Port- 
 land, Ky. His first task was to acquire a thorough knowledge of the 
 English language, which he succeeded in doing in a very short time. 
 For four years he labored zealously, and implanted himself as deeply in 
 the good graces of his flock as he had in those of the people of Murr in 
 his native coi,intr3\ Desirous of building a church, and not securing 
 sufficient funds for the purpose, he conceived the idea of coming to NeW 
 Orleans, and obtained from Mgr. Blanc permission to preach and to col- 
 lect money. This was in 1841, when he was only 36 years of age. He re- 
 turned to Portland with the necessary sum, but so favorable an im- 
 pression had he made upon the Bishop and i)eople of New Orleans, that 
 the former engaged him to return to New Orleans, where he has re- 
 mained ever since. Taking an active part in the celebrated contest be- 
 tween Bishop Blanc and the Church Wardens, in 1843, in which he was 
 an enthusiastic defender of the Bishop, he founded a journal for the pur- 
 pose of giving force and dignity to his writings ; that journal is Lc Prop- 
 agateur Cathollqne, the organ of the Catholic Church in Louisiana. In 
 1842 Abbe Perche was made Chaplain to the Ursuline Nuns, which ho 
 he'd for twenty-eight years, receiving in 1870 the appointment of Coad- 
 jutor to Archbishop Odin, cum jure succes>iiouis. He was consecrated ou 
 the 1st of May of the same year, suci-eeding to the Archbishopric on the 
 death of that good man, and receivcMl the PaWfiou from Pope Pius IX, 
 in December, following. Though bending under the weight of years 
 and the enfeebling strokes of recent severe illness, he is charm- 
 ing in nmnner and conversation, and his actions are at once char- 
 acterized by humility, intelligence, ])rofound knowledge of the 
 world, and sociability. His Coadjutor and Apostolic Administrator of 
 Temporal Aftairs is the RmiiT Hkverend Francois Xavieu Lekay, 
 D. D., who, in the event of the venerable Archbishop's death, will be his 
 successor. Bishop Leray was consecrated Bishop of Natchitoches, April 
 23d, 1877, and appointed Coadjutor of New Orleans and Bishop of Jano- 
 polis, inpnrfihus iiifidclinm, October 33d, 1879. 
 
 From 1844, when the Supreme Court decided in favor of Bishop Blanc, 
 but recognized anew the right of the Church Wai-dens, to the temporal 
 administration of the Cathedral, until tlie 1st of July, 1871, the Wardens 
 continued to discharge their functions without molestation. They re- 
 paired and partly reconstructed the Cathedral, met all the expenses, 
 salaried the Bishop, the Curate, the Priests, and provided for all the 
 incidental expenses of the Church. In 1871 they rented, or rather 
 ceded, the Cathedral to Archbishop Perche for ten years, he to receive 
 all of the revenues, out of which he was to pay the expenses. Thid 
 lease expired on the 1st of July, 1881. Finally, in 1878, the Abbe Milhet, 
 in the name of His Grace, the Archbishop, raised new pretensions re- 
 lative to the right of the Archdiocese to the Cathedral property. 
 
History of the St. Louin Cathedral. 
 
 Judge Paul E. Theard, attorney for the Cliurcli Wardens and liini- 
 8elf a member of that body, investigated tlie matter, and fonnd that there 
 was no fonndalion whatever for the claims of the clergy. The pre- 
 tensions of the latter were, accordingly, not acceded to by the 
 Wardens, who declared their unwillingness at that particular 
 moment to transfer their property to the Church, owing to the 
 tinancial embarrassments of the Archdiocese. Subsequently, how- 
 ever, the Wardens, having gone into liauidatiou, the Cathedral 
 and its appanages were, by authentic act, made over to Arch- 
 bishop Perchd and Bishop Leray, jointly, as representatives of the 
 Roman Catholic Church in this Archdiocese. They assumed the pay- 
 ment of tlie only debt of the Wardens, viz., an annuity of $500 to an old 
 colored woman by the name of Fanny Magek, who died about six 
 months ago, at the advanced age of 87 years. The history of this anmx- 
 ity is as follows : On the 5th of July, 1845, the President of the Board of 
 Wardens was authorized by a resolution of the Board to accept, in their 
 name, tlie sum of $8,000 belonging to the negress, Fanny Mager, who 
 had inlnuited the same from her master, Jean Mager ; the Wardens bind- 
 ing themselves to pay monthly to the said Fanny Mager, during her life- 
 time, a yearly sum of $500. This contract proved most onerous to the 
 Wardens, as the old woman lived longer than had been bargained for. 
 Up to the time of the transfer made by the AVardens, she had already i-e- 
 ceived $17,500. 
 
 The following ])ieces of property at present constitute the appanages 
 of the Cathedral: Of the block of buildings bounded by Royal, Chartres, 
 St. Anne streets, and St. Antoine Alley, which the Wardens had erected 
 upon th(>, plot of ground at the left of the Cathedral, only the Presby- 
 tery remains to the Catliedral. The Court Building was sold to the city, 
 and the other buildings were included in the tninsfer to the Arch- 
 diocese of the Catholic Church of New Orleans. 
 
 The St. Antoine Obituary Chapel on North Rampart street, corner 
 of Conti, ei-ected by the Wardens, now St. Anthouy's Italian Church, 
 Rev. J. A. Manoritta, Pastor. I'he history of this Chapel is as follows: 
 On account of the great increase in the i)()i)ulation of the city, and 
 of course tiie increased number of interments, objection was made about 
 the year 1832 to the performance of the services for the dead at the 
 Cathedral, on account of its very prominent and public situation. Under 
 these circumstances the city made a grant of land at the corner of Conf i 
 and Rami)art streets, to the Board of Wardens of the Churc^h of St. 
 Louis, on condition of their erecting upon the same, a chapel as a place 
 for the exposition of the bodies a^nd performance of the funeral ceremo- 
 nies in conformity to the Catliolic ritual. In i)ursuance with this inten- 
 tion, a cross, marking th(^ jjicsent site of the altar of tlie Chaix'l was 
 pla(;ed with proi)er ceremonies on the 10th of October, 182G, and on the 
 following morning the building was begun. Its erection was vigorously 
 prosecuted, at the expense of the Board of Wardens of the Cathedral, 
 
of Ike City of Netv Orleans. 53 
 
 aud completed within a year alter its commencement at a cost of about 
 $16,000. It is a plain but neat edifice, and is dedicated to the most holy 
 St. Anthony of Padau, as patron saint. All funeral ceremonies of 
 Catholics were for a long time performed here. It was included in the 
 transfer made by the Wardens to the Archdiocese. 
 
 The Battcke Lots faciuj? the square bounded by Front, Peters, Robin 
 And Henderson streets, and those facing the corner of Henderson and 
 Front streets, in the square bounded by tliose two streets, Roffignac and 
 Peters streets, which were acquired by a legacy of Stephen Henderson^ 
 and which are rented for thirty years to Samuel Boyd, dating from June 
 1st, 1874, for nothing for the first six years, and after that period, at a 
 rental repesenting the interest on the value of the said lots at the rate of 
 •8 per cent, per annum ; a value to be fixed by the Mayor and the Judge 
 of the Second District Court, every twelve years, that is in May, 1880, 
 and in May, 1893. 
 
 St. Antoine Square, in the rear of the Cathedral. 
 
 The Cemeteries— No. 1, Bounded by St. Louis, Conti, Liberty and 
 Basin streets, which belongs to the Cathedral, in virtue of a French con- 
 cession dated 1744; No. 2, bounded by Customhouse, St. Louis, Robert- 
 eon and Claiborne streets, three squares originally donated to the CJiurch 
 Wardens by the City Council on May 3d, 1823. For a long time there 
 have been no burial sites for sale in either of these cemeteries. The Sex- 
 ton of the former is Moise Rodriguez, and of the latter, J. F. Callico. 
 Finally, the Esplanade Cemetery, on Esplanade street, near Bayou 
 St. John, part of a large tract acquired from Mr. Felix Labatut, in virtue 
 of resolutions adopted by the Board of Church Wardens on the 5th of 
 June, 1849. In this cemetery there are still left a large number of burial 
 «ites and lots for sale. H. Bienvenu is the Sexton. 
 
 The Archdiocese of New Orleans, comprises Louisiana, between 
 the 29th and 31st degrees of north latitude, and has a Catholic i>opulation 
 of about 250,000. Its jurisdiction extends over the Dioceses of Mobile. 
 Ahi., erected in 1826; Natchez, Miss., erected in 1837; Little Rock, Ark. 
 erected in 1843; Galveston, Tex., erected in 1847; Natchitoches, La., 
 erected in 1853; and San Antonio, Tex., erected in 1874; and the Vicar- 
 iate Apostolic of Brownsville, Tex., established in 1874. 
 
 MoNSEiGXEUR Chalox, wlio W!is Curate and Prothonotary during 
 Arclibishop Odin's administration, and who died at Lyons, France, last 
 spring, w\as the last Priest to hold the office. His immediate prede- 
 cessors were Fathers Bach, Maenhaut and Duqiiesnay. Very Rev- 
 Fatlier Riymond was Vicar General with Fatlier Chalon, and Fathers 
 Milhet, Ferrec and Mignot were the latter's assistant priests. Father 
 Mii.HET afterwards became Vicar-General and Administrator of the 
 Ar(^lidiocese under Arclibisliop Perche, but died of yellow fever in the 
 epidemic of 1878. Father Feruec was accidentally drowned about six 
 ^ears ago in Lake Poutchartrain while bathing. He was a fine swimmer, 
 but a sufferer from heart disease, which had been increased by his arduous 
 
54 Hidory if the St. Louis Cathedral, 
 
 labours at Shreveport during tlie yellew fever epidemic of 1873. Vekt 
 Rev. Father Hyacinthe Claude Mignot, tlie only one of the two 
 surviving, is now Canon of the Cathedral. As a Priest he is zealous and 
 devoted to his religion, and as a man respected and liked by all for his 
 urbanity and sociability. Upon the deatli of Father Chah>n the office of 
 Curate was merged witli that of Archbishop, and His Grace, Archbishop 
 Perche, was the first to act in the dual capacity. 
 
 The present Vicar-General of the Archdiocese of New Orleans is 
 Very Rev. G. A. Rouxel, the Chancellor is Rev. H. M. Le-Cozic, and 
 the Archieynscopal Council is composed of Bishop Leray, Coadjutor; 
 Very Rev. Rouxel, V. G.; Very Rev. B. Neithart, C. SS. R., and Rev. J. 
 B. Bogaerts. Very Rev. Father Rouxel is also Administrator of St. 
 Louis Cathedral, and Rev. Fathers .Mignot, M. Palaier and J. M. Ber- 
 RONET, assistants. Rev. Father Le-Cozic is Pastor of St. Mary's Chapel, 
 at the Archbishop's residence (the old Ursuline Convent) and Revl 
 Father Theophilus Beanc-G arin, assistant. The Keeper of the Parochial 
 Archives is M. L. D. De-Jaham, with his office at tlie Presbytery. 
 Within the mouldy covers of the archives are tlie baptismal records of 
 bur most prominent and illustrious citizens, among them tlie worthy gen- 
 tleman just retiring from the Mnyoralty. The record shows that Joseph, 
 the son of Samuel Siiakspeare, a native of Baltimore, Md., and M;iri- 
 anna Mathis, a native of Neuville, Switzerhmd, was born in New Or- 
 leans on tlie 12tli of April, 1837, and baptized in i\\G Cathedral on the; 20th 
 of July following by Rev. Father Bernardo Permoli, Vicar of the Cathe- 
 dral, The god-parents were M. P. de Ansoatzgui and Mine. Maria Do- 
 lores de Ansoatzgui, nee Martinez. 
 
 Tlie remains of the celebrated curate, Father Antoine, and many of 
 his successors in office, lie buried under the floor of tlie vestry in the 
 Cathedral, back of the altar of Notre Dame de Lourdes. Underneath 
 the marble pavement of the Cathedral, in front of this altar and on the 
 side opi)osite the grave of Don Alnionaster, lie the remains of three cav- 
 aliers, of noble descent, whose names are prominent in the earh' annals 
 of Louisiana. They are, as the French inscription on the marble slab in 
 the floor relates: Francois Philippe de Marigny de Mandeville, 
 founder of the old Creole families of Marigny and Mandeville. He was 
 a Chevalier of the Royal and Military Order of St. Louis and J/ryV>rr?fl 
 Place, of New Orleans, born at Bayeux in Normandy, and died in New 
 Orleans, Nov. 1st, 1728. The second is the son, Antoine Pliilippe, Cheva- 
 lier of the Royal and Military Order of St. Louis, and Captain of In- 
 fantry in the service of France; born at Mobile, Feb. 28th, 1722 ; died 
 in New Orleans, Nov. 6th, 1779. And lastly, the son of the preceding, 
 Pierre Philippe, Chevalier of the Royal and Military Order of St. Louis 
 and Captain of Infantry under the Spanish Government, born in New 
 Orleans, June 15th, 1751, died May 11th, 1800. 
 
 Francois Philippe de Marigny-de-Mandeville, the founder of tliG 
 family, was one of the founders of the Territory of Louisiana. He was 
 
Hisl'jvy of the St. Louis Cathedral, 55 
 
 appointed Commander of Fort Conde jit Mobile in 1723, and ofone of 
 the ten companies of French soldiers in the Colony of Louisiana in 1724, 
 In 1759, Rochemore, the new Intendant Commissary of the Territory, ac- 
 cused Gov. Kerlerec of participating in an illegal and corrupt trafKc 
 with the Indians, secretly carried on under cover of the Governor's Sec- 
 retary, Titon-de-Sibeque, and of extravagance in his expenses, and com- 
 plained to the liome government accordingly. On account, however, of 
 certain gross irregularities of his own, and his opposition to Gov. Ker- 
 lerec, Rochemore, was dismissed fiom office, and his numerous support- 
 ers treated with severity by the Frencli Government, many being dis- 
 missed froin office and sent back to France by Kerlerec. Such a ddmor 
 had been raised, however, against Kerlerec, and so assiduously did 
 they work for the re-instatemcnt of Rochemore in the Royal favor, that 
 they succeeded in having the Ministerial order dismissing the Commis- 
 sary from office suspended for the nonce. Among these ardent sup- 
 porters of Rochemore, Autoine Philippe, the second Marigny-de Mande- 
 ville, then an officer in the French Marine troops sent to Louisiana, was 
 one of the most active and influential. While afterwards in Paris, he 
 memorialized the Prime Minister, the Duke de Choiseul, to know the 
 cause of the ill-treatment inflicted upon him, and accused Kerlerec of 
 abuse of power and other violations of duty. Annexed to the memorial 
 was a certificate from Rienville and one fiom de Vaudreuil, under whom 
 he had served, comtnendiug him in tlie highest terms. 
 
 Ii;RRiLT_A.. 
 
 Page 15 — Line 14 — For tliem ihcmsdvcs read themselves. 
 Page 16 — Line 5 — For St. Ignatius read St. Louis. 
 Page 21— Line 38— For fiill read Bull. 
 Page 32— Line 23 — For heartij read haii(/htfj. 
 Page 23 — Line 38 — For fiincfuar!/ vi^ad fiiiictionaj'y. 
 
 Page 27— Line 33— For Fatlier Antonieda Sedella read Father Antonio 
 de Sedella. 
 Page 30 — Line 16 — For execpied read accepted. 
 Page 31 — Line 31— For Begidros read Regidors. 
 Page 33 — Line 19 — For Le-Leonarda read Leonarda. 
 Page 33 — Line 10 — For oft his read of this. 
 Page 34 — Line 19 — For Cardenes read Cardenas, 
 Page 35 — Line 13 — For hosjj read hoys. 
 Page 35 — Line 32 — For maturiti/ rend morality. 
 Page 35— Line 38— For did read died. 
 Page 38 — Line 39 — For was i^cry a read was a very. 
 Page 39 — Line 44 — For genu read genii. 
 Page 40 — Line 37 — For around read aroused. 
 
86 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 LOUISIANA 
 
 TELEPHONE 
 
 COMPANY, 
 
 Licensee for tlie States of Louisiana and 
 Mississippi. 
 
 EXEOQTIVE OFFICE, 47 GAMP STREET, 
 
 NEW ORLEANS. 
 JNO. N. BOFING-ER, President. 
 W. H- BOFING-ER, W. W. HUCK, 
 
 Vice President and Gen'l Manager. Secretary and Tresisurer. 
 
 Complete information given for establishing Telephonic communication 
 
 in, or between Towns, Plantations, Stores, Residences, Stations, 
 
 Landings, etc., etc. 
 
 TELEPHONE EXCHANGES: 
 
 New Orleans, Columbus, 
 
 Vicks b urg, Gre en ville, 
 
 Natchez, Jackson, 
 
 Shreveport, Baton Rouge, 
 
 Meridian, Yazoo City, 
 
 Aberdeen, Monroe, 
 
 Other Telephone Exchanges will be established in cities and towns 
 where business will warrant. 
 
ADVERTISMENTS. 57 
 
 THE ONLY PLACE TO BUY YOUR SHIRTS. 
 
 OWING TO THE 
 
 Tremendous Sales of Shirts, G-ents' Furnishing 
 Groods and Hats, 
 
 withiu the past twelve months, we have this season extended our estab- 
 lishment and have now added an exclusive 
 
 SHIRT AND HAT DEPARTMENT, 
 
 We are Sole Agent for the following Brands — 
 The Hazel Shirt, Price 75 cents, 
 
 The Boss Shirt, Price 75 cents. 
 
 The Celebrated "Peerless" Shirt, Price One Dollar 
 
 The "Hazel" and "Boss" Shirts, at 75 cents, are better {roods, than you can 
 buy anywhere on tlie continent for One Dollar. 
 
 They are re-inforced Linen Bosoms, Linen CufTs, Superior Cotton aud of 
 
 Excellent Make. 
 
 THE "PEERLESS" SHIRT is already spoken of in every household. 
 
 Pleuse note its construction : 
 
 Three Ply Linen, re-inforced Bosom, Wamsutta Cottun and best make ever put is 
 
 any garment ! We guarantee a PERFECT FIT. Price one Dollar— 
 
 ACTUAL WORTH $2 50. 
 
 6ee them, or send for one. You will pronounce them the "Greatest Wonder 
 
 of the A^e." No lady will ever make a shu-t after she has seen 
 
 " OUll PEERLESS" and cousidered the merits and price 1 
 
 —WE HAVE ALSO— 
 
 I^ar-e ISarg-aiiiJs in Dry <3roo<l». 
 
 Comprising every Article Appertaining to that line, including 
 
 'THE SEASON'S LATEST NOVELTIES." 
 Ladies Underwear^ Corsets and Hosiery a Specialty, 
 M. LEHMAN, 
 
 4SS. ^Sr, - I>KYAr>E!S STREET, - 4SS, 455^ 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, 
 
58 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 This page donated by the compiler to the 
 
 CHRISTI^Isr 
 
 WOMANS' EXCHA NGE 
 
 —FOR— 
 -SALESROOMS— 
 
 Nos. 41 & 43 BOURBON STREET, 
 
 ONE BLOCK AND A HALF BELOW CANAL STREET, 
 Always on liand and made to order all Styles of 
 
 IPlmin amd Ornmimental Needle Work, 
 Crocheted and Wancy Articles, 
 
 Doors opan at 7 a. m., close at 6 p. m. Breakfast from 7 to 11. Luncji 
 11 to 3. Dinner 3 to 6 p. m. 
 
 MEALS served to order; SPECIAL DISHES sent to any part of the city; 
 LUNCHES packed for travelers; DELICACIES prepared for invalids, 
 
 BEST HOnVE EI-3i^.A.IDE BK,EA.r), 
 
 Cakes, Ice Cream, Preserves, Jellies, Cordials, Pickles, Catsups, Sauces, 
 and Yeast Cakes constantly on hand. Orders solicited. 
 
 Hotels, Clubs, or Private Families supplied with FRESH BREAD 
 DAILY. 
 
 Reserved for competent Teachers in French, Kensinj^ton Embroidery, 
 
 Drawing and Painting, Cutting and Fitting, etc. 
 A full Supply of 
 
 English Embroidery, Silks, Cruels, Commenced Work, etc., 
 
 Will be kept constantly on hand. 
 
 ETBenefits of this Association OPEN TO ALL WOMEN without 
 regard to religious belief. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 59 
 
 This page donated by the compiler to the 
 
 I MEi^r 
 
 
 P^«^» 
 
 ■^^P^M CttfM 
 
 PEYT^lSriA. STREET, 
 
 Bet. Aline and Foucher sts., Sixth District, NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 mwjkww ? 
 
 .Br, F, LOEBEM, Surgeon, 
 
 Br. M. M, RICH A MB, Ass'i 
 
 Dr. I. L. CRAWCOUR, Dr. W. H. WATKINS, 
 
 Dr. D. C. HOLLIDAY, Dr. E. T. SHEPARD, 
 
 Dr. JOS. HOLT. 
 
 j|@°'The Infirmary is now ready to receive PRIVATE 
 PATIENTS, wlio may be treated either by the Hospital 
 Staff or by Physicians of their own selection. 
 
60 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 This page donated by the compiler to the 
 
 SOXJTHERlSr 
 
 III liloi i WmmM^ Iiiiitf lil 
 
 2m CANAL STUMMT. NEW OELEANa 
 
 ROBT. MOTT, President, JOHN CRIGHARD, Secretary, 
 
 MILTON C. RANDALL, Treasurer. 
 
 The following classes are now in operation: 
 
 1. Classes in Drawiu!^ and Painting, 
 
 2. Classes in Water Color Painting, 
 
 3. Classes in Linear Perspective and Architectural Drawing. 
 
 4. Classes for Children in Drawing. 
 
 5. Classes in Painting on China and Silk. 
 
 6. Classes in Kensington Emhroidery, Church Embroidei y and 
 Macrame Lace. 
 
 7. Classes in STENOGRAPHY. 
 
 8. Classes in BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 MISS HENBIBTTA WINANT, 
 
 of New York is now teaching the following classes: 
 
 CLASS IN DESIGN— Monday and Thursday, from 2 to 4 
 o'clock. Terms three dollars per month 
 
 CHARCOAL .DRAWING, From the Object —Wednesday and 
 Saturday from 10 to 12 o'clock. Terms three dollars per month. 
 
 CHILDREN'S DRAWING CLASS— From the Orjeot— Tuesday 
 and Friday, from 3 to 5 o'clock. Terms three dollars per month. 
 
 OIL AND WATER COLOR PAINTING— Tuesday and Friday, 
 from 10 to 12 o'clock Terms Four dollars per month. 
 
 PAINTING ON CHINA AND SATIN— Monday and Thursday, 
 from 10 to 12 o'clock. Terms six dollars per month. 
 
 For pupils in one family, and to pupils taking more than one class 
 a reduction will be made. 
 
 There will bo a monthly exhibition of pupils' work to show th® 
 progress made. 
 
 B®-ALL TUITION FEES PAYABLE IN ADVANCK-^a 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 61 
 
 »ii«@k; 
 
 nm\ ,f\i<' 
 
 Joseph St., Bst. Coliseum and Chestnut, New Orleans. 
 
 .•/. fV'Jl C'< L.I\H. A." 
 
 Oralis TUNED, REPAIRED, REVOICED :ni<l ENLAtiGED, in city or 
 country, at Modeiatc; rates. Ycnrly tnniiiii: taken by Contract. 
 Specifications for Organs of any magnitude and description tnrmshea 
 on application. 
 Send for price List and Circular. 
 Best of references and testimonals. 
 
 PILCIIER BROTHERS, New Orleans. 
 
62 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 NKVSr ORLKANS. 
 
 Faculty of 25 Professors. 494 Students in Atten- 
 dance During Past Session. 
 
 Fifth session of Collegiate Dej)artment began October 2, 1882. 
 Full collegiate courses in Languages, Belles Lettres and Sciences, 
 leading to degrees. Adjunct High School to prepare students for 
 Collegiate Department. Faculty of 12 professors and 250 students in 
 Collegiate Department aad High School during last session. Tui- 
 tion fee, $45 per annum in High School and $50 in Collegiate De- 
 partment, including full course in Languages, Mathematics, Chemistry, 
 Physics and Mechanics. 
 
 For further information and catalogue, address 
 
 K. H. JESSE, Dean. 
 
 Session of Medical Department began October 15, 1882. Full 
 Medical Courses with special advantages. Nine professors and 
 217 students in Medical Department during the past session. Ad- 
 dress for details, 
 
 T. G. RICHAEDSON, M. D., Dean. 
 
 Session of Law Department began November 13, 1882. Full 
 courses in Common and Civil Law. Four professors and 27 students 
 during past session. For details address 
 
 CAELETON HUNT, LL. D., Dean. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 63 
 
 m m 
 
 ml 
 
 nm i^^^H N^ 
 
 © 
 
 ^' 
 
 ^-. 
 
 W> 
 
 116 and 118 Constance Street , bet. Julia and St, 
 
 Joseph Streets. 
 
 D. ESTE REYNOLDS, Proprietor. 
 
 —DEALER IN— 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 '^^^ 
 
 NEW AND SECOND-HAND SCHOOL BOOKS, 
 
 371 DRYADES STREET, New Orleans. 
 
 
 Music Books Nmatjly Bound. 
 
04 
 
 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 Al («^ 
 
 vS^^*'"''^«S2i^ \^g^j^^ ""^S^^* |>| 
 
 ^mxx^w \?J\^^cv^vm\\\\\\\\^ ^v^^'^ 
 
 
 No, 132 MOYAL Stmeet, 
 
 Cor. Toulouse, 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, 
 
 Vx^^^V.VAV' vwwwwww 
 
 
 STEAM SCREWED AND SEWED 
 
 s^lE! 
 
 
 "^b \5^ISP''' ^^^^^^^ ^H^"" ^^^^^'^5 
 
 il 
 
 
 'M.MM'^W^Q^OW.'^, 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, 
 
 ^@, ISO moT^M^SA m'sm^MS, 
 
 Bet. Toulouse and St. Peter. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 681^ 
 
 a'ut^^m ^mt: 
 
 '^W> 
 
 I 
 
 4 Tn'^r^T'TA 
 
 :^ m 
 
 aa ^ as P.aismss ©imm^ 
 
 Near Camp. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, LA, 
 
 %tk liliii 
 
 f 
 
 Would respectfully inform the public that haviii.2; taken 
 
 up his residence PERM/VNENTLY IN NEW 
 
 ORLEANS, he is prepared to receive 
 
 For instruction on the 
 
 Mesidence^ 471 St,^ Charles Avenue. ■ 
 
«6 
 
 ADVERTISMENTS. 
 
 m^vi^.m 
 
 LR^^^^ ® 
 
 m< 
 
 mmK 
 
 
 
 
 WILL RE-OPEN JUNE 1, 1883. 
 
 All the Mouses will be put in first-class 
 
 condition aficl additional new ones 
 
 erected. 
 
 
 Fin Fishing. Splndid Caisin. 
 
 Delicious Sea Breeze, 
 
 For further information apply to 
 
 JOHN F. KRANZ, Proprietor, 
 
 71 & 73 South Front street, NEW ORLEANS. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS 
 
 OT 
 
 i % 
 
 
 —DEALER IN— 
 
 :^l 
 
 Itapls mi ifmQj |ii@einj 
 
 .^ 
 
 i/f€S, piquets /^cbacco, ^'i^cir4,^it,f 
 
 Villere Street^ near Canal Street Ferry Landing, 
 Algiers, La. 
 
 Has on hand a fine Stock of Fresh Goods, which he is selling at city 
 prices, and in city style. 
 
 Mk^i 
 
 W V 9 €k W^ CBa^l^^^^^.% 
 
 —DEALER IN— 
 STAPLE AND FANCY 
 
 Ssr 
 
 
 ^W> 
 
 Mattings, Carpets, Oil Cloths and Rugs, 
 
 3 oRir<^0ss mw^^mmv^ 
 
 Between Thalia and Erato Streets, 
 
 NEW ORLEANS. 
 
F. FREDERICKSON, 
 
 Druggist and Chemist, 
 
 139 CANAL STEEET, near Bourbou Street, 
 
 Touro Baikliuss. NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 — A full Stock on liaiul ot — 
 Drugs, Soaps, 
 
 Medicines, Toilet Aiticles, 
 
 Fiencli and American Elastic Hose, 
 
 Patent Medicines, Electrical Batteries, 
 
 Perfumery, Surgical Instruments, 
 
 Etc., Etc. 
 
 Amonj" Proprietary Medicines the attention of the public is drawn to : 
 
 BARNETT'S lODO-SARSA, 
 
 THE CELEBRATED BLOOD PURIFIER. 
 
 COXE'S EXTRA.CT 
 
 OF COPAIBA, SARSAPARILLA AND CUBEBS. It is now universally 
 
 called "THE REMEDY," for complaints of the Kidneys and 
 
 kindred diseases. 
 
 LIEBIG S EXTRACT OF MALT- 
 
 PURE. 
 
 BERG-EN COD LIVER OIL, 
 
 With soluble Phosphate of Lime, always freshly prepared. 
 
 Orders by Mail, Wholesale or Retail, promptly attended 
 
 to. 
 
 Addross— ~ 
 
 F. FREDERICKSON, 
 
 139 Canal Street, 
 
 New Orleans. 
 
 r) 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 TiiK "Mamie Wood." 
 
 WOOD, WIDNEY & CO.. 
 
 BATON ROUGE, LA. 
 
 SHAKSPEARE 
 
 IRON WORKS, 
 
 GIROD STREET, BE P. BARONNE AND DRYADES, 
 
 Now Orleans, La. 
 — Manufacture Every Variety of — 
 
 STEAM ENGINES, VACUUM PANS, 
 
 SUGAR MILLS, SAW MILLS, 
 
 DRAINING AND CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES, 
 
 MILL AND GIN GEARING, 
 
 GRATE BARS, ETC 
 
 Store Fronts, Coliirnn«, A^eritilators. 
 
 —AGENT FOR— 
 
 KNOV/LKS PUMP. 
 
 005 077 337 1 
 
 B. D. WOOD. JOAN A. WOOD. " u. vV'»ui.. 
 
 B. D. ^VOOD & BROS., 
 
 COAL MERCHANTS, 
 
 No. 25 C'",^^, >», Cor. Common Sts., 
 
 Opposite City Hotel, NEW ORLEANS, LA. 
 
 Branch Office, Foot of Gravier Street. Coal Yard, Foot of Race Street. 
 Tug- Boats "Charlie Wood" and W. M. Wood." 
 
LIBFW^Y OF CONGRESS 
 
 005 077 337 1