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Page Introduction vii Play necessary to health viii Play contributes toward individual and social success. . ix Ethical value of play x Play a help to school work x Why children in rural schools need instruction in play. xi Games for Independence Day celebrations xii Law requiring instruction in games and playground man- agement xiii Supervision of play by the teacher xiii Group games xiv Boys' and girls' games xiv Selection of games xv Scnool gymnastics xv Some cautions xv Play grounds xvi Play rooms xvii "Give them a place to play" xviii Plays and games for schools 1 Playground apparatus 5 5 Suggestions for a county field day 6 7 List of books on games and playgrounds 76 Index to games 78 General index 83 INTRODUCTION. One of the most pronounced of recent movements for child welfare is that which has for its ohject the supplying of ade- quate opportunities for play. With the conviction that this movement is timely and that the schools of the state should make no delay in falling into line with it, this publication has been prepared. The introductory pages are given over to a general discussion of the value and need of play and other topics bear- ing on the use of the games described. It is desirable that teachers should read this over carefully in order that the games may be selected and used to the best advantage. The aim has been to prepare a suggestive selection of games rather than a comprehensive collection. This will explain the omission of games which many perhaps may think ought to have been included. The needs of rural schools have been kept prom- inently in mind. While many of the games are suitable for high schools, yet the selection has been made mainly for elementary schools. The attention of schools desiring additional games is directed to the booklist on page 76. The work of compilation has been done by 0. S. Rice, State Library Clerk. The manuscript of the games was submitted to Prof. G. W. Ehler, Dr. J. C. Elsom, and Miss Abbie S. Mayhew of the University of Wisconsin, to Prof A. M. Royee of the Superior Normal School, to Miss Bettina G-arwick, physical di- rector of the Stevens Point Normal School, to members of the faculty of the Milwaukee, La Crosse, and Oshkosh Normal Schools, and to Supt. G. J. Zimmerman of Racine County. For valuable suggestions made by these persons sincere thanks are due, viii Plays and Games for Schools. PLAY NECESSARY TO HEALTH. Health and vigor depend largely upon the development of the heart and lungs in the period of growth. Lack of proper play activity in childhood and youth retards the development of these organs, and thus often lays the foundation for weakness through- out life. A proper selection and use of school games supplies that stimulus to the development of the vital organs which makes for bodily strength and efficiency. "While there may be some dan- ger of over-exercise in play, yet this is likely to be the case only when the effort is made to develop a few to a high degree in athletics to the neglect of the many. One of the main objects of this publication is to help distribute play activities among all the school children and so to prevent over-exercise by some and under-exercise by others. It is said that three million people are constantly ill in our country and that half of these are suffering from preventable diseases. Each year one preventable disease alone— tubercu- losis — causes nearly as many deaths as the number killed in the four years of the Civil "War. The fight against the great white plague and other preventable diseases is a hopeful sign of the times. No other agency can do so much in this fight for human- ity as the public school. "While proper instruction in health mat- ters can do much yet such instruction is by itself entirely in- adequate. In fact it often happens that school attendance proves positively detrimental to the child's health. "When children went to school only three or four months a year, there was not much likelihood that their health would be impaired by the strain of school work and confinement in the school room. "With the lengthening of the school year to a minimum of eight months and with a compulsory period but little less the maintenance of the child's health becomes an important problem. Care will have to be taken that compulsory education shall not mean compulsory ill health. One of the most effective weapons for combating disease is the preservation of the health tone in order that diseases may not be so readily contracted and so that if they are contracted the body will have more power to bring about recovery. Now, the resisting power of the body can be kept at its best only when there is suital le bodily exercise in the open air. For this reason Plays and Games for Schools. ix alone adequate playgrounds in connection with every school are a necessity. In fact, schools would be fully justified if they made the ability to play a reasonable number of outdoor games a requirement for a grade in physiology and hygiene. "A merry heart doeth good like a medicine." "The playground is the proper antidote for the factory." "A playground should be more than a place to play or 'kill time;' it should be a real school of health." — E. B. Mero. "A playground before is cheaper than a tuberculosis sanitarium afterwards." — The Playground. The success of the tuberculosis crusade depends on the upbuilding of proper habits. Every effort must be made to implant in children a hunger and thirst for fresh air. Of all things we know, playgrounds are, perhaps, of the greatest importance in creating this hunger. Henry Baied Favill, M. D., President, The Chicago Tuberculosis Institute. PLAY CONTRIBUTES TOWARD INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL SUCCESS. The vigor of mind and body required and developed in good playground games fosters such vigor throughout life, and with the taste for wholesome pleasure produced, will help mightily toward a sane, successful, and optimistic life. This means fewer people in poorhouses, insane asylums, sanitariums, and hospitals. Play trains in cooperation and loyalty. "All team games ap- proximate the conditions of tribal life, in which loyalty was born to the race." Play is democratic. Native ability is recognized and all are given an equal chance. We may say that the playground is the true "melting pot" of the conglomerate American nation- alities. "The boy without a playground is father to the man without a job." — Joseph Lee, President of the American Playground Association. "Successful manhood is a later chapter than successful boyhood, but both belong to the same volume." — George E. Johnson in "The Country Boy." "It is doubtful if a great man ever accomplished his life work with- out having reached a play interest in it." — George E. Johnson. "The play of the young being once successfully solved, the play of the adult will offer no special difficulties." — Groos. "On the playground the child lives, while in school he prepares to Jive. That is why it is true that if you can tell me how a child plays. x Plays and Games for Schools. I can tell you how be will work. The play life of a people indicates mere than anything else its vitality, morals, intelligence, and fitness to live." — Luther Halsey Gulick. "To play in the sunlight is a child's right, and it is not to be cheated out of it. And when it is cheated out of it, it is not the child but the community that is robbed of that besides which all its wealth is but tinsel and trash. For men, not money, make a country great, and joyless children do not make gcod men." — Jacob A. Riis. ETHICAL VALUE OP PLAY. The phrases "a square deal" and "fair play" are much in use to denote justice in the various relations of man to man. It is interesting to note that they are derived from language used in play. They designate, in fact, a leading characteristic of play activities, one which will influence in favor of justice the polit- ical, profession.!!, and business world. It will help to make true in adult life the cry of the playground — when dishonesty is discovered — "Cheat, cheat, never beat!" "The piay of children has the mightiest influence on the mainten- ance or non-maintenance of laws." — Plato. "The playground is our great ethical laboratory." — Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick. "A boy cannot play games without learning subordination and re- spect for law and order." — Joseph Lee. "One person can take care of children on a playground, while it would take eight or ten policemen to see to them on the street." — H. E. Downer. We recommend "vast additions to playgrounds, wholesome recrea- tion centers, gymnasiums, and athletic fields, as the surest preven- tives of juvenile mischief and crime, and as affording young people nlaces where they may learn to bear defeat with courage and suc- cess with modesty." — International Prison Congress. "Many practical questions for the solution of which we have been looking to the church and school will be found to belong to the playground to solve." — Stoyan Tsanoff. FLAY A HELP TO SCHOOL WORK. By means of adequate playgrounds and play facilities in con- nection with schools regularity of attendance is fostered. Chil- dren "play" hookey in order to play. Change conditions so that they will go to school in order that they may play and yet ' oj neglect their school work. Plays and Games for Schools. xi Children can without detriment attend school al an earlier age if proper play is provided. The early age at which children enter the kindergarten is an illustration. But most schools do not have a kindergarten department and often children of kin- dergarten age enter the primary department. This greatly in- creases the need of games in such schools. Study unrelieved by play degenerates into drudgery. Drudg- ery means not only loss of interest hut actual distaste for the work. The result must of necessity be disastrous to the end for which the school exists. Such an attitude toward work, too, is likely to continue through life. "A new basis of understanding [as a result of play] between teacher and pupil must not be overlooked, for instead of' the task- master and crank the teacher stands revealed as the friend, com- panion, and playmate of the scholar." — John Bradford, Boys' Sec'y Y. M. C. A., Pensacola, Florida. "Just as the physician in his search for a cure for consumption b-^s circumscribed the earth and finally come back to the thing in pll the world the simplest and nearest, the first demand of the child upon entrance into the world — fresh air, — so we in our search for the best means of educating our children are coming back to that which was the first expression of his awakening soul, — his play." — G. E. Johnson, in "Education by Plays and Games." "To set results from a boy he must be treated as though he were something more than a fungus growth, a wart, as it were, upon the face of the earth. He must have enough of recreation and pleasure to keen the vinegar out of his nature, and no man has the right to deny his children that." — Governor John A. Johnson. WHY CHILDREN IN RURAL SCHOOLS NEED INSTRUCTION IN PLAY. Some who admit the necessity of instruction in play for city children may claim there is no such need for country children. It is true that children in the country are more likely to get exercise without playing than city children, because of chores and other work. But the bodily movements thus brought about are of such a nature as to produce development of (he body which needs correction through play activities. All work and no play not only "makes Jack a dull boy," but also tends to make his bodily movements slow and clumsy rather 1han quick and grace- ful. The deliberate movements of work need to be supplemented by the quick and unpremeditated movements of play, in order to bring about complete control of the body, xii Plays and Games for Schools. In these days of drift cityward, country children should be made to feel that the country has many attractions. The one great attraction of childhood is play. Therefore, it ought by all means to be provided for by country schools. In the varied ac- tivities of city life there are many things to attract the interest of children ; life in the country is by comparison in this respect monotonous. This monotony may be relieved by the proper use of games. It may be urged that children play enough without being taught to play. If we mean by this mischief and "fooling," the point is perhaps well taken ; but the less of these the better. "Children inherit the instinct to play, but they do not inherit games." This inherited instinct should be turned into useful channels by teaching the children a sufficient number and variety of suitable games. Following is an excerpt on this subject from the Tenth Year Booh of the National Society for the Study of Education : "It must be borne in mind that play in the country is not so much to promote health as to develop the higher social instincts, to intro- duce another powerful centripetal factor into country life which will tend to counteract the expulsive features which have been so actively depopulating our rural districts. The country child does not play enough. His repertoire of games is surprisingly small and inade- quate. If he would play more he would love the country better, see more beauty in it, feel the isolation less/' GAMES FOR INDEPENDENCE DAY CELEBRATIONS. The movement for a sane Fourth relies for its success to a con- siderable extent upon the substitution of games and plays for the "noise fest" and "orgie of blood and fire" which the celebration of Independence Day had become. In order that games may be available for this purpose it will be necessary that schools train the children in a repertoire of games. Teachers will in this way further a cause which has much to do with the development of patriotism. Speaking of Independence Day, John Adams said: "It ought to be solemnized with pomp, shows, games, sports, bonfires, illuminations, from one end of the continent to the other from this time forward forever." Games and athletic events described in this pamphlet are many of them suitable for use on Independence Day. Some of the suggestions for a county field day (page 67) can be made use Plays and Games for Schools. xiii of for Independence Day. Suggestions in detail will he found in the Memorial Day Annual from year to year. LAW REQUIRING INSTRUCTION IN GAMES AND PLAY- GROUND MANAGEMENT. That teachers will be expected hereafter to be able to give in- struction in games appears from the following excerpt from Chapter 228 of the Laws of 1911 : "The board of regents of the state normal schools shall require a definite and thorough course in the theory and art of physical educa- tion, and instruction in games and playground management, to be taught in every state normal school. Examination in this branch shall be required of all candidates for' a normal school diploma and normal school certificate, the same as in other branches of the normal school course of study. "The county training school board of each and every county train- ing school for teachers now or hereafter to be organized in this state shall require a course of instruction in physical education and instruc- tion in games and playground management to be taught in every county training school." SUPERVISION OF PLAY BY THE TEACHER. It is thought by many that children need no instruction or direction in play; that the play instinct is so strong in them that no help is necessary. Some one has well said, ' ' Children inherit the play instinct, but they do not inherit games." In fact, when children do not have a fairly good repertoire of games, their free time may be spent mainly in "fooling" and so tend to develop a loafing habit, if nothing worse, while the positive bene- fits that go with active, well-directed play are entirely lost, The first duty of the school, then, with respect to play is to instruct the children in a number of games. It is mainly to help schools fulfill this duty that this publication is issued. Those games should be taught that are adapted to the pupils in an.y particular school. By getting some of the older children inter- ested in learning the games and instructing the younger children in playing them, teachers can materially lessen the demands on their own time and energy. A good authority says that chil- dren should know thirty or forty games that they play together. The teacher should be on the playground with the children much of the time during the free periods ; not for the purpose xiv Plays and Games for Schools. of dominating play activities, but for tlic purpose of helping, suggesting, and instructing whenever necessary. Great free- dom should be allowed children in choosing games to play. The teacher, however, should insist on fairness and good conduct in all play activities. GROUP GAMES. It should be the aim to encourage playing by all pupils and to discourage a division of the school into a small number of players and a large number of onlookers. Accordingly there should be a wide variety in the kinds of games played, and group games, in which groups or classes are pitted against one another, should be much u. ed. For example, in the broad jump, according to the group method, the players are divided into two groups as nearly equal in number and playing ability as may be. The total distance jumped by each group is divided by the number in the group and thus the average distance jumped is determined. It will readily be seen that by the group method the poorest players may be included and stimulated to their best efforts. In dividing the players into groups it is suggested that the teacher explain the object of the game, then appoint a leader for each group, the leaders thus selected to choose players alter- nately. Which leader shall have first choice may be determined by lot. Groups once selected may remain unchanged a day, a week, or any time agreed upon. BOYS' AND GIRLS' GAMES. Up to about twelve years of age girls and boy., can play prac- tically the same games, with the exception that girls should not play some of the rougher names which are suitable for the boys. It is well, however, to have the girls and boys play many games separately. Games sni'.-ible only for boys or for girls are indi- cated in the tabulations under the titles. Plays and Games for Schools. SELECTION OF GAMES. In deciding which games are to be used and which children are to play them the teacher should take into consideration the natural tastes of the pupils, their age, physical condition as to health and strength, the season of the year, and other points that will suggest themselves if the matter be given thoughtful atten- tion. If, after a fair trial, a game is not liked by the children or is found unsuitable for other reasons it should be dropped. Prejudice against certain games may exist in some communities and this is usually a sufficient reason for selecting other games in their place. Before attempting to teach a game the teacher should be sure to learn the game herself. This will be necessary in order to instill confidence both in the teacher and pupils. SCHOOL GYMNASTICS. Gymnastics do not come within the scope of this publication. For guidance in such exercises, see Bancroft's "School Gymnas- tics," Township library list, No. 180. When they are given indoors, care should be taken that the air of the room is not dust-laden ; the windows should be opened before and during the exercises. When the weather permits gymnastics should be practiced out of doors. They should never be employed to such an extent as to seriously interfere with the playing of games. SOME CAUTIONS. Contagion must be carefully guarded against in some games. For instance, in blind man's buff, the same bandage should not be used on more than one child, in order that there may be no danger of transmitting contagious eye diseases. In cold weather be careful that children do not rush out to play inadequately protected against the cold. Be on guard to prevent wet feet, especially in cold weathti. Always be on guard to prevent over-exertion. xvi Plays and Games for Schools. PLAYGROUNDS. A large proportion of city and village schools have play- grounds entirely too restricted in extent; some have no play- grounds whatever. Even schools in the country, where land is comparatively cheap, do not as a rule have sufficient play- ground space. Country schools should have grounds of at least an acre in extent a large part of which should be for playground purposes. In cities and villages there should be no further delay in securing adequate playgrounds before the rise in value of real estate shall perhaps for all time prevent proper provision for outdoor play. A space of at least sixty square feet per pupil, exclusive of ground occupied by buildings and used for trees, shrubs, grass, and flowers, should be secured for the playing of ordinary games, and as much more as may be necessary for an athletic field for the use of the older children. The law now permits the condemnation of not to exceed four acres for school- ground purposes. Of course, the law does not prevent the se- curing of a larger area provided it can be done without condem- nation proceedings. A separate space should be set aside for the little children ; also a space where the girls may play by themselves. School playgrounds may well be used for community celebra- tions of various kinds, such as celebrations on Memorial Day, Independence Day, and Labor Day. In the planning of play- grounds, such use should be provided for. Playgrounds should be kept in a neat and cleanly condition. Spitting should be prohibited. The problem of dust is some- times a difficult one. If, however, the grounds are of sufficient size and covered with grass to start with, dust is not so likely to give trouble. Shade. —There should be shaded areas on playgrounds, where children may play games on hot, sunshiny days. Trees along the border of the grounds will answer for this purpose and will not interfere with the playing of games requiring considerable space. This need of shade may well be taken into consideration in tree-planting in connection with Arbor Day. Marking. — Boundary lines and goals often need to be plainly marked. For this purpose whitewash may be applied with a Plays and Games for Schools. xvii sprinkling can from which the sprinkler has been removed, or with an old pail having a hole of suitable size in the bottom. Dry marks may be made with slaked lime, a mixture of sand and whiting, or with marble dust. White tape, fastened to the ground with wooden staples or pins is serviceable for some pur- poses. PLAY ROOMS. A room in which children can play in rainy weather is very desirable, especially for the youngest children. It often happens that a schoolroom is for some reason not in use for ordinary school purposes. Such a room ought by all means to be utilized for play. In planning school buildings play rooms ought if possible to be provided. Out-door play, however, is always to be preferred when the weather permits. xviii Plays and Games for Schools. GIVE THEM A PLACE TO PLAY By Denis A. McCarthy Plenty of room for dives and dens, (Glitter and glare and sin!) Plenty of room for prison pens, (Gather the criminals in!) Plenty of room for jails and courts, (Willing enough to pay) But never a place for the lads to race, No, never a place to play! Plenty of room for the running sores (Mammon must have the best!) Plenty of room for the running sores That rot in the city's breast! Plenty of room for the lures that lead The hearts of our youth astray, But never a cent on a playground spent No, never a place to play! Plenty of room for schools and balls, Plenty of room for art; Plenty of room for teas and balls, Platform, stage and mart. Proud is the city — she finds a place For many a fad today, But she's more than blind if she fails to find A place for the boys to play! Give them a chance for innocent sport, Give them a chance for fun — Better a playground plot than a court And a jail when the harm is done! Give them a chance — if you stint them now, Tomorrow you'll have to pay A larger bill for a darker ill, So give them place to play! ■ — Selected. PLAYS AND GAMES FOR SCHOOLS. Advancing Statues. Playground. 5 or more players. All Forms. The object of this game is to teach children alertness and self-control. The children stand on a line about thirty feet from the teacher or some older pupil who acts as leader. When the leader faces them they are to remain motionless as statues, but when his back is turned they may advance. By turning unexpectedly at irregular intervals the leader seeks to catch the children in motion. A child detected in motion must go back to the line and start over again. The child first cross- ing the line on which the teacher stands is the winner. Variation. — The leader counts ten before turning. The count- ing may be fast or slow, regular or irregular. All-up Relay. Playground. 10 or more players. Upper and Middle Forms. Behind a starting line drawn on the ground the players are arranged in two or more single files (one behind the other in each file), there being a like number of players in the different files. Directly in front of each file, and at a distance of from twenty to fifty feet from it, two circles are drawn, each three feet in diameter and with rims touching. In one side of each pair of circles three Indian clubs (or billets of wood of equal diameter and height and sawed off square at the ends) are placed on end. At a given signal the foremost player in each file runs for- ward and with one hand lifts the clubs or billets, one at a time, 2 Plays and Games for Schools. and sets them down in the adjoining circle so that they stand erect and do not touch the circumference of the circle. This done he hastens back to his file, touches the outstretched hand of the next player (the file having moved forward so that the player to be touched off toes the starting line), and takes his place back of the line. The instant the second player has been touched off he runs forward and sets up the clubs or billets in the other circle. He then runs back and touches off the third player, and so each player in turn runs forward as he is touched off by the preceding player and moves the clubs from one circle to the other. That file wins whose last player first crosses the starting line on his return. Variation. — A cap or other object is laid upon the ground about thirty feet in front of each file. The players, each in his turn, run around the object from one to three times, as agreed upon, then return and touch off the nexl runner. Animal Blind Man's Buff. Playground or schoolroom. 8 or more players. All Forms Cane. A circle of players is formed and they dance around a blind- folded player who lias a cane in Ills hand. When he taps on the ground or floor or claps liis hands three times, the players come to a stop. He then points to some player who must take hold of the end of the cane. The blind man then asks him to make the noise of some animal, say a dog, cat, cow, or horse. The one making this noise should try to disguise his voice as much as possible. The blind man tries to guess who makes the noise, and if right they exchange places. In either case the circling about goes <>n as before. Players may disguise their height by bending the knees standing on tip toe, or in other way-. School children and adults of all ages may unite in playing this game. French Blind Man's Buff. — This is like the preceding game except that instead of using a cane, etc., the blind man points to some one and asks questions which the one pointed at must Plays and Games for Schools. 3 answer. If he guesses correctly who answers they exchange places. If he points to a space between players or does not name the right person the game proceeds as before. BALL GAMES. Base Ball. Practically every community has one or more baseball teams, so that the game needs no emphasis or explanation in these pages. It sometimes happens that it monopolizes the atten- tion of the school to such an extent as to divide the pupils into two classes — players and onlookers. Now, there isn't a great deal of exercise in simply looking at others exericising. The teacher should endeavor to have all the pupils playing games. Base Ball Throw. Playground. 2 or more players. Upper and Middle Forms. Baseball; a fifty foot tape line or a long pole marked off in feet, for measuring the distance of the throw. This is a contest to decide who can throw a base ball the farthest. The throw is made from back of a scratch line or other mark on the ground. The thrower must not step in front of the line. He may be given three trials. The dis- tance is measured from the scratch to where the ball falls; rolling is not takeu into account. Girls are especially inter- ested in this game. To save time in measuring, lines at known distances near where the ball is likely to fall may be marked off and the measuring done from them. On field days when many peo- ple are likely to gather, a space should be roped off to give the throwers a chance and to prevent any one from being hit by the ball. Basket Ball. "How to Play Basket Ball" and "Spalding's Official Bas- ket Ball Guide,"' published by the Americal Sports Publishing Co., New York (each 10c) are suggested as sources of inform a- 4 Plays and Games for Schools. lion on this game for schools which desire to introduce it. Out-doors courts are much to be preferred. Batting the Ball. Playground. 3 or more players. Middle and Upper Forms. Boys. Base ball. One player bats the ball to the other players who are racing him. "Whoever catches a fly or stops three grounders takes the bat, "Fungo" is a name applied by some to this game. Captain Ball. Playground. 20 players (more or less). Upper Form. Boys or Girls (separately). Basket ball. The description of this game here given is on a basis of twenty players, ten on a side ; but as few as twelve or even six players (also more than twenty players) may play the game. For twenty players the field should be fifty to sixty feet long and about half as w r ide. It should be divided by a line midway, thus making two half fields which are approximately squares. Near the corners of each half field are circles about three feet in diameter, and in the center of each half field is a circle somewhat larger. These circles we shall refer to as bases. In the central base of each side is a captain (A and B) ; in each of the other bases is a baseman (a and b). There is a guard for each base (a' and b')- The two captains are first selected and they select alternately the other players. In the diagram the players on one side are designated by A, a, and a 1 ; A is the captain of the A side. The players on the other side are designated by B, b, and b\ B is the captain of the B side. It will be noted that the guards of one side are assigned to the basemen of the other side. To start the game the two guards of the central bases stand astride the central dividing line ; the ball is thrown up between them and as it descends each guard tries to strike it into the Plays and Games fob Schools. 5 territory of his side so that one of the basemen (not the cap- tain) on his side may get it. The object is to have a baseman get the ball to the captain ; this counts a point. It does not count to have the ball reach the captain in any way except from a baseman. The A guards try to get the ball and throw it to A basemen, who, as will be seen, are located on the other side of the central dividing line. A point is also made if the ball makes the circuit of the bases. If, for instance, the first baseman gets the ball and throws it to the second baseman, he to the third baseman and the third baseman to the fourth baseman, a point is scored. ®b ® u® ®u b' u® ®a' a' ® a® ® a ' a '® Basemen may not step outside their circles. Guards may not step inside the circles. The ball must not be kicked. A player may not take any steps while he holds the ball. Guards may move about freely in trying to get or guard the ball, but they must not step over the dividing line. Any infringement of these rules constitutes a foul, and a foul by one side gives the ball to a baseman (not to the captain) of the other side. Angell in his book "Play," recommends that the game be played in two halves of five minutes each, or in four quarters 6 Plays and Games for Schools. of five minutes each without any rest between. The guards in one quarter or half become the basemen in the next period. This distributes the activity more evenly among the players. Center Stride Ball. Playground. 8 to 16 players. Middle Form. Large soft ball. One player stands in the center and others form a ring around him by standing with their feet apart and with each foot touching the neighbor's foot. The player in the center tries to send the bail between the players' feet by batting it so it will roll along the ground. The players protect themselves by batting it back. If any player fails to do this, and so al- lows the ball to pass out between his feet or at his right side he must change places with the player in the center. The one in the center is allowed to make all sorts of feints. Dodge Ball. Playground. 10 or more players. Upper and Middle Forms. Boys or girls, separately. Basket ball; a clean grass plot on which to play the game. The players are divided into two equal groups. One group forms a circle (about 35 feet in diameter for girls and about 15 feet in diameter for boys), the other group ^fhe dodgers) are scattered about within the circle. The circle players throw a basket ball at those inside the circle, who seek by dodging and running about to prevent being hit. A player who is hit joins the circle. This continues until all have been hit. The original circle players and the dodgers now exchange places and the game goes on as before. The dodgers do not try to hit the circle players with the ball, but simply pass it back to them, or the circle players may go inside the circle and get the ball after a throw. Dodgers must be hit by the ball on the fly. After striking the ground the ball is "dead." The game may be made competitive by see- ing which team can strike the other side out in the shortest lime. In this case the dodgers who are struck are out of the game. Plays and Games fob Schools. 7 Suggestion. — If it is found that injuries are sustained by some who are hit, the rule should be made that the ball must hit players below the knee. Variation. — The players are sent into the ring in groups of five. The winners form a new group and enter the ring to determine who of all the players lasts the longest. Horse and Rider. Playground. 6 or more players. Upper Form. Boys. Basket ball (or bean bag). Half the boys (the riders) sit on the shoulders of the other boys (the horses). The riders throw a basket ball from one to the other. Whenever the ball drops to the ground the riders must quickly dismount and run. As soon as a horse gets the ball he calls out "Halt!" The riders must then re- main standing. The horse having the ball now throws it at a rider, who may dodge about but may not move his feet. If a rider is hit by the ball, the horses become riders and the riders horses If not, the game goes on without change as to horses and riders. Indoor Baseball, This is a form of baseball well suited to the needs of women. It should be played by high school girls especially. Although supposedly an indoor game, the greatest benefit will be derived from it when it is played outdoors. For the outdoor game a larger diamond should be used and the smallest ball allowed by the regulations. Schools desiring to try this game are referred to Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide. See List of Books page . . Long Ball. Playground. 12 or more players. Middle and Upper Forms. Boys. Soft ball. Mark off as in base ball a pitcher's plate, a home plate, and a first base to be known as the "long base." The long base should be forty or fifty feet from the home plate, 8 Plays axd Games for Schools. The number of players on each side may be the same as in base ball or fewer or more as may be convenient. Two of the players on the side not at bat act as pitcher and catcher, the rest as fielders, and they occupy positions as in base ball. When a batter has hit the ball (all hits are fair) or has had three strikes, he runs to "long base." He is out when hit by a thrown ball or tagged with the ball between bases and when a fly is caught. A score is made when a batter returns to the home plate without having been put out. Any number of players may be at "long base" at a time. A side is out when three men are out or when, all being at "long base," or out, there is no one left to bat. A soft ball should be used for this game, so that no one will be hurt Avhen hit. One Old Cat. Playground. 4 or more players. Middle and Upper Forms. Girls. Soft ball. This is a ball game suitable for girls. It should be played with a soft ball. There is a batter, a pitcher, a catcher, and any number of fielders. There is no running of bases. The first one who calls out "My first bat" is batter, and so with "pitcher," "catcher," "first fielder," "second fielder," and so on. The batter is out when a fly is caught, when a foul is caught on the fly or first bound, and when a third strike is caught. The batter is entitled to three strikes more, if a third strike is not caught (muffed). When a striker is out the catcher becomes batter, the pitcher becomes catcher, the first fielder be- comes pitcher, the second fielder becomes first fielder, and so on. The batter who goes out becomes the last fielder. Note. — This game may be varied by having the batter run to a given base and back to the home plate when she strikes a fair ball. In making this run the batter is out if the pitcher or catcher or some other player reaches the home plate with the ball before she does. Plays and Games for Schools. 9 Pass Ball. Playground. 12 or more players. Upper and Middle Forms. Two basket balls or other soft balls. Bean bags may answer. The players stand in a circle and count off by twos ; that is, every other player gets the number 1 and every other player, the number 2. A number 1 and a number 2 who are directly opposite in the circle have each a ball. At a signal the balls are passed around the circle, in the same direction, the number l's throwing to the number l's in succession, the number 2's throwing in like manner to the number 2's. Each side tries to pass its ball so rapidly as to make it overtake the other ball. The game is won by the side which succeeds in doing this. School Ball. Playground. 4 or more players. All Forms. Girls. Baseball or other hand ball. One player throws the ball to the other players in turn, the ball being in each case returned to her. Variations. — The ball must be returned with the same throw as the player in the center uses. Another variation consists in having the players arranged in a circle and at some distance apart, the ball being thrown from one to the other so as to pass around the circle. "Teacher". — The one who throws the ball in turn to the rest is known in this variation of the game as ' ' teacher. ' ' If any one in the line fails to catch the ball, he goes to the foot of the line and No. 1 becomes "teacher." Should the one at the foot fail to catch the ball he must stand on one foot till the ball has passed once down the line. A bean bag may be used instead of a ball. Volley Ball. Playground. 2 or more players. Upper Form (Girls espe- cially). Volley ball or a similar soft ball that can be batted with the palm of the hand ; a net about two feet wide and six or seven yards long (a strip of canvas or cheesecloth will answer) . A fairly level space forty to fifty feet long and about twenty feet wide is marked off on the playground. Across the middle 10 Plays and Games for Schools. of this space a net or strip of canvas or cheesecloth is stretched so that the upper edge is from six to seven feet above the ground. Two sides of an equal number of players are chosen. The players of one group are distributed over the space on one side of the net and their opponents in the opposite space. A player on the serving side (the side which has the ball) stands with one foot on the rear line of the court, tosses the ball up with one hand and as it comes down, bats it with the other hand toward the opponents' court. If the ball does not pass over the net without touching it, or if it falls outside the opponents' court, the receiving side scores one point. If the server suc- ceeds in batting the ball over the net, it must be returned by batting it with the palm of the hand. Failure to do this scores a point for the serving side. If the ball is properly returned it must be batted back to the receiving side before touching Hie ground, and if this effort is successful it must be batted back to the serving side before it touches the ground. Thus the ball is volleyed back and forth across the net till one side or the other fails to properly return it. Any failure in this respect by one side scores a point for the other side. If a player touches the net the other side scores a point. A miss on the part of the serving side uives the ball to the other side, which then becomes the serving side. The players on each side serve in turn. The ball may be hit by more than one player on a side in returning it. but no player may hit it more than once until it has been returned. The game is won by the side which scores the most points in a given time ; or. if preferred, by the side which first makes a certain number of points previously agreed upon. Note: A description of a more elaborate form of this game will be found in "Games for the Playground, Home, School, and Gymnasium, pages 413-416. Variation. Allow the server two "services," as in tennis. Only the serving side scores. Bar Pull. Playground or schoolroom. 2 players. Upper Form. Boys. Broom handle or similar stick. Two players are seated on the ground with the soles of the Plays and Games for Schools. 11 feet of one of them touching the soles of the feet of the other. Their legs and arms are extended and they grip a broom handle or other smooth stout stick. Each one now pulls, try- ing to pull the other to a standing position. The player who succeeds in doing so wins. BEAN BAG GAMES. Bean Bag Board. Playground or schoolroom. 2 or more players. Middle and Upper Forms. A frame of boards as described below ; 5 bean bags. The game consists in tossing bean bags through holes in an inclined board frame. The frame should be about 2 feet wide by 2 x /2 feet high. In the center there should be a hole about 5y 2 inches in diameter; near each of the lower corners, a hole about 7 inches in diameter; near each of the upper corners, about 6 inches in diameter. The frame may be slanted by rest- ing the upper end against a tree or other support. Throwing a bag through the center hole counts 25 ; through either of the upper holes, 15 ; through either of the lower holes, 10. The players take turns in throwing the bags till each one has thrown all of them five times. The one who makes the larg- est score wins the game. Bean Bag Contest. Playground or schoolroom. 10 or more players. All Forms. 24 bean bags. Two leaders select followers who stand in line at the right or left, the two lines and leaders facing each other. Next to each leader is a pile of twelve bean bags; at the other end of each line is a basket, box, or other receptacle, or simply a space marked off. At a signal the leaders pick up one bag at a time and hand it to the nearest followers who pass it along from one to the other and the player at the end of the line places it in the receptacle or marked space. "When all the bags have thus been disposed of by either side, they are lifted up one at a time by the end player and passed back by each player to his next neighbor until 12 Plays and Games for Schools. all have been dropped into the original pile. The side which first accomplishes this result wins. Variety may be secured by requiring that the bags be passed in some particular way. Bean Bag Race. Schoolroom. 20 or more players. All Forms. Ihe pupils in adjacent rows of seats sit facing each other, so that those in rows 1 and 2 face each other, likewise those in rows 3 and 4. The number of pupils is to be equal in the two groups. A leader (the teacher or an older pupil) stands at the head between the two groups. The first pupil in each group passes a bean bag to the one facing him, the latter passes the bag to the player diagonally across the aisle from him, and so the bag passes zigzag down each of the two aisles. When it reaches the last pupil at the b:ick of the room it is passed forward in the same way. When it reaches the player who started the bag, he tosses it to the leader. The object is to see which side can first get the bag to the leader. If only two rows of pupils are present the game may be played by passing the bag down each row and back again, the pupils handing it over their shoulders as it passes down the row and receiving it over their shoulders as it is passed forward. This may be varied by directing each player to use the right hand and pass the bag over the left shoulder, or vice versa, the row not following directions to be penalized. Miscellaneous Games in Which Bean Bags May Be Used. Among the games in which bean bags may be used in place of balls or other objects usually made use of are the following: Basket Ball Relay Duck on a Rock Horse and Rider Pass Ball Potato Race Rolling Target School Ball Plays and Games for Schools. 13 Bear in the Pit.* Playground. 8 or more players. Upper and Middle Forms. Boys or girls (separately). Players join hands in a circle with one player in the center (the bear). The bear tries to get out of the circle (the pit) by breaking apart the clasped hands or by going over or under them. By the use of strategem, such as appearing to try to break through in one place and suddenly turning about and trying another place, his chances of escape are increased and interest is added to the game. "When the bear gets out of the pit the other players all take after him and the one who catches him becomes the next bear. Bird Catcher. Schoolroom or pla} T ground. About 6 to 12 players. All Forms. The children sit or stand in a circle, with a "catcher" in the middle. Each child is given the name of some bird. The leader tells a story orally, or reads it, which occasionally brings in the name of a bird. At the mention of a bird the player assigned its name quickly raises his hands and brings them down again. "When the owl is mentioned (no one is given this name) all place hands behind the back and hold them there until another bird is mentioned. The catcher tries to seize a hand whenever it is moved. A player whose hand is caught or who does the wrong thing must change places with the catcher. Bird Sale. Playground. 6 or more players. Middle and Upper Forms. A buyer and a seller are selected. The buyer should be a good runner. The remaining players are given names of birds by the seller, the names being given out of hearing of the buyer. When names have been given the buyer approaches and asks the seller if he has any birds to sell. The seller says he has a number for sale, but that his birds are very wild and that *This is a modification of the well known game of "Cull in the Ring," or 'Bull in the Pen." 14 Plays and Games for Schools. they will have to be caught. The buyer then names birds which he wants to bu}^. As soon as he gives a name assigned to a player, the latter starts to run, and the buyer tries to catch him. If he succeeds, the "bird" is out of the game. If the buyer cannot catch a bird, he goes back and starts an- other bird and so keeps on until all the birds are caught or at least started. Tagging a bird is equivalent to catching. When all the birds have been chased, the game begins over again. The player who is deemed to have made the best run becomes buyer, and any one agreed upon becomes seller. A variation of the game may be made by having some or all of the birds caught become assistant catchers. Another variation might be made by marking a "bird preserve" of a certain space at a distance from the starting place, birds reaching this space untagged to be exempt from being caught, so long as they remain within the prescribed space. Black and White; or, Day and Night. Playground. 11 or more players. Upper and Middle Forms. Disc, black on one side and white on the other side. Two players select other players alternately. The two sides thus chosen should be equal in number and as nearly equal in running ability as possible. They are called Blacks and Whites. The sides stand facing each other midway between two goals. A disc black on one side and white on the other is tossed up between the sides by the leader. If the disc falls so that the black side is uppermost the Blacks run for their goal, the Whites running after them to tag them. Any one tagged be- fore reaching the goal is out of the game. Similarly, if the white side of the disc is uppermost the Whites chase the Blacks. That side wins which succeeds in putting out all those on the other side. Variation. — By laughing and doing laughable "stunts" the learn whose side of the disc comes uppermost tries to make players on the other side laugh or smile. Any one thus made to laugh or smile is out. Care should be taken that the players do not cross the line between the sides. Plays and Games for Schools. 15 Blackboard Relay. .Schoolroom. 8 or more players. Any or all Forms. Each row of seats, in which an equal number of children are seated, is given a number on the blackboard directly in front of it. At a signal the pupil farthest back in each row runs forward, seizes a piece of crayon, and writes the number 1 on the board in the space assigned to his row; that is, the back- most pupil in the first row writes the number in space 1, the backmost pupil in the second row writes the number in space 2, and so on. When the players return those seated next in front of them run forward and write the number 2; when they return, those in front of them run forward and write the num- ber 3. This continues till all the pupils in each row have writ- ten numbers on the board and have returned to their seats. A pupil can not run forward till the one preceding him passes him on his return. The row wins whose last player first re- turns to his seat. This game can be greatly varied with respect to what is written on the blackboard. The players may be required to write the names of cities, rivers, mountains, or other geographi- cal features ; the names of battles, statesmen, generals, or other names in his Lory. Each pupil may be required to write his own name. Other variations may easily be invented by the teacher. Variation. — See "Automobile Race" in Bancroft's "Games for the Playground, Home, School, and Gymnasium," page 48. "Buzz." Schoolroom. 6 or more players. Middle and Upper Forms. The first player says "One." the next "Two," and so on, until the number seven is reached, when "Buzz" is substituted for it. The counting goes on, "Buzz" being substituted for every multi- ple of seven. The word "Buzz" is also substituted for "Seven" in any number; that is, "Buzzteen," "Twenty-buzz," "Thirty- buzz," and so on, are used instead of "Seventeen," "Twenty- seven," "Thirty-seven," etc. "Seventy" becomes "Buzzty, " 16 Plays and Games for Schools. " Seventy-one, " "Buzzty-one, " etc. "Seventy-seven*' becomes "Buzzty-buzz." When a player misse, be drops from the game. A miss con- sists in saying a number instead of "Buzz"' or in saying "Buzz" in the wrong place. The game proceeds till all but one have dropped out, the one remaining being the winner. Variations of this game may be made by saying "Quack" in- stead of "Three" or its multiples; by saying "Fizz" instead of "Five" or its multiples; or by saying "Cockadoodledoo" instead of "Eleven" or its multiples. Cat and Mouse. Playground. 12 or more players. Any Form. One player, the mouse, is inside a circle of players; another player, the cat, is outside the circle. The cat seeks to catch the mouse. The circle helps the mouse pass in and out and hinders the cat as much as possible by holding the hands tightly clasped. When the cat catches the mouse or gives it up he becomes the mouse and the mouse replaced joins the circle. A new cat is chosen from the circle. Chicken Market. Playground or Schoolroom. 5 or more players. All Forms. Boys. Two of the players are buyer and seder; the rest are chickens. The chickens stoop down in a row with hands clasped under the knees. The buyer says to the seller. "Have you any chickens for sale?" The seller says. "Yes, plenty of them. Will you walk around and try them?" The buyer uow tries different chickens by laying his clasped hands, palm downward on the head and pressing inward. He pretends to find fault with some of the chickens, saying, "This one is too old," "This one is too fat," "This one is too tough," etc. When a chicken is found that is satisfactory, the buyer and seller grasp his arm one on either side and swing him back and forth, the chicken still re- maining in a stooping position with bands clasped under the knees. If he stands this test, the buyer leads him away to a place selected as the coup. The sale goes on till all the chickens Plays and Games for Schools. 17 are sold. Any chicken that smiles or does not stand the swing- ing test must pay a forfeit to be redeemed at the conclusion of the sale. In case there are many players there should be two or more buyers and sellers. Chinning the Bar (Pull up) Playground. Any number of players. Upper Form. Boys. Horizontal bar. A horizontal limb of a tree of proper size and height will answer the purpose. The bar is to be grasped and the body pulled up so that the chin is over the bar; the body then sinks till the arms and legs are extended, the feet not touching the ground. This is to be repeated as often as the child's strength will permit without over-exertion. Elementary school boys under thirteen ought to practice till they can chin the bar at least four times ; elementary school boys thirteen or over, six times; high school boys, nine times. Coasting. Where the facilities for coasting are at hand and it can be enjoyed with a minimum of danger to the children this form of amusement is to be encouraged by the teacher and, what is just as much to the point, be supervised by him. It would not be out of place for the school to provide as a part of the play equipment a good-sized, strongly constructed "bob." Various unobjectionable expedients may be used to raise the purchase money, such as an entertainment, a basket social, etc. Coasting is treated in a number of books on the Township Library List, and what the school library contains on the sub- ject may be found in the card catalog under the head "Coast- ing." Come with Me. Playground. 10 or more players. All Forms. The children stand in a circle, while one of them passeg around the circle, touches some one on the back, and says, ' ' Come with me." These two now run around the circle in opposite direc- J8 I'layS and GamEs for Schools. tions; when they meet, they take hold of hand^ swing around once and then pass on, each one trying to get to the vacant place first. The one who fails is "It." Variations. — When they meet, shake hands or how three times, saying each time, "How do you do?" or, shake hands back to back ; or, hop three times ; or, whistle three times, etc., etc. Duck on a Rock. Playground. 5 or more players. Upper and Middle Forms. Stones (or bean bags) for throwing; rock (or stake) for the "duck." A rock of convenient size is placed at one end of the playing space. Each player is provided with a smooth stone for throw- ing. At a distance of twenty-five feet, more or less, depending on the size of the players, a line is drawn behind which the play- ers are ranged. They throw at the rock; the one whose missile comes to rest farthest from the rock, becomes the first guard. The guard places his stone (the duck) ou top of the rock and stands to one side. The players now throw their stones at the duck, trying to dislodge it from the rock. In trying to recover the stones they are liable to be tagged by the guard before they get back to their goal. A player tagged becomes the guard. But the guard may not tag any one till be lias replaced the duck on the rock, should it have been displaced. If a thrower, in try- ing to recover his stone, leaves it on the ground where it first fell and places one foot on it, he cannot be tagged until he re- moves his foot. When he once lifts the stone, however, he can- not again place it on the ground to escape being tagged. Note. — It would perhaps be as well to use bean bags instead of stones and a flat-topped stake driven in the ground instead of a rock. "Fly Away." Schoolroom or playground. 5 or more players. Lower Form. The children are seated with their hands in their laps. When "It" says, at the same time raising bis hands, "Fly away, mos- quito," or "Fly away, bat," or "Fly away, robin," or "Fly Plays and Games for Schools. 10 away," followed by the name of any oilier animal that flies, the rest of the players are to raise their hands. When he says, "Fly away," followed by the name of some animal that does not fly, the players are not to raise their hands, although the leader raises his. Any one making a miss either by not raising his hands at the right time or by raising the hands at the wrong time becomes "It." Variation. — Those who perform the wrong act are out of the game. The winner is the one who remains after all the rest are out. Follow the Leader. Playground or schoolroom. 10 or more players. All Forms. A leader is chosen who takes his place at the head of a line of players. He walks about at the same time going through various motions. The rest of the players must follow him and imitate all his actions. Two lines may be formed and a contest take place as to which gives the better exhibition, the teacher or some one else agreed uppn acting as judge. Fox and Gander. Playground. 8 or more players. Middle and Upper Form*. Boys or girls separately. A player is chosen to be the fox. Another player, the gander, heads a line of players, the geese, who stand behind him, each one with his hands on the shoulders or about the waist of the player immediately in front of him. The fox shouts, "Geese, geese, gannio!" The geese shout back, "Fox, Fox, fannio!" The fox then says, "How many geese have you today?" The gander replies, "More than you can take away." The fox then tries to tag the last goose in the line ; the gander, with hands outspread, and the line of geese by bend- ing the line hither and thither try to prevent it. When the goose at the end of the line is tagged (no other goose may be tagged) he becomes fox and the fox becomes gander. 20 Plays and Games for Schools. Fox and Geese. Playground. 8 or more players. Middle and Upper Forms. Snow. A circle thirty to forty feet in diameter is tramped in the snow. Inside of this circle and at about one-third the distance from it to the center another circle is formed. Straight paths ending in the outer circle are made through the center. Where the "spokes" thus formed touch the outer rim small circular dens are marked off for the foxes. At the center (where the "spokes" meet) is the goal of the hunter. For eight players there should he three such paths; for ten players there should be four; that is, there should be two play- ers more than the number of dens. At the beginning of the game the foxes are stationed each in his den, with the exception of an odd fox, who gets a den as best he can. The foxes keep running from den to den, the hunter tries to tag them, and the odd fox tries to get a den. If a fox is tagged by the hunter, they exchange places. A fox may run on any path in any direction, but he may not turn back when he has once started ; and he must wait till he comes to an intersection before changing his course. The hunter and the foxes must keep to the paths marked out. A fox may not be tagged when in a den. Only one fox at a time can occupy a den Hide and Seek, or I Spy. This game is too well known to require a complete descrip- tion here. As usually played, "It" is chosen by some count- ing out rhyme; he then "blinds" at the goal and counts loudly to some number agreed upon (usually one hundred), while the rest of the players hide. When he discovers a player he runs to the goal and cries, "One, two, three for . " A hider who gets to the goal before "It" and calls out, "One, two, three, for me!" is safe. The first one caught is "It" for the next game. Yards Off. — A variation consists in having (in addition to "It") a stick-thrower chosen who stands at the goal and throws a stick as far as he can. As soon as the stick touches Plays and Games for Schools. 2T the ground, "It" walks (running is forbidden) to where the stick fell and returns with it to the goal; in the meantime the rest of the players are hiding. Not until Hie stick has been returned to the goal and stood up against it can "It'' begin looking for the hiders. Imitation. Schoolroom or playground. 5 or more players. All Forms. A leader is chosen and the rest of the players stand facing him. The leader goes through various motions, such as split- ting wood, sawing wood, washing clothes, wringing clothes, hopping, jumping, etc., saying with each kind of action, "Do this!" or "Do that!" "When he says. "Do this!" the rest of the players are to imitate him; when he says "Do that!" they are not to do so. Any player who imitates the action at the wrong time or fails to do so at the right time is out of the game. The game continues till only one player and the leader remain. The player remaining becomes the next leader. In and Out the Window. Playground. 12 or more players. Middle and Lower Forms. All but two of the players join hands in a circle. One of the two players is inside the circle and the other outside. The player outside the circle is to catch the one inside. The latter goes in and out under the arms of those forming the circle and the chaser must follow in the exact course of the one pursued. When the pursuit has been successful, each of the two players names his successor and joins the circle. JUMPING. Playground. 2 or more players. I T pper and Middle Forms. Boys. For jumping purposes it will be necessary to spade up a small area, or in some other way to provide a proper place on which to light, in order to prevent excessive jarring. 22 Plays and Games for Schools. Among the forms of jumping suitable for pupils in in ele mentary schools are: standing broad jump; running broad jump; hop, step, and jump; standing high jump; and running high jump. As in the case of many other individual games, competition in jumping should be by groups as well as by individuals. In high jumping, apparatus such as that described on page . . should be used, so as to accurately measure the height of the jump and to prevent tripping by the horizontal strip over which the jump is made. Running Broad Jump. Playground. 2 or more players. Upper Form. Boys. A line is drawn on the ground which is to be toed in jump- ing. Some distance back of this line a starting line parallel to it is drawn. The players, one at a time, run from the starting line, reach the jumping line, toe it and then jump. The dis- tance jumped is measured from the jumping line perpendicu- larly to the nearest heel print. Team contests will add to the interest and value of this event. Two leaders choose alternately an equal number of players. The total distance jumped by each team is divided by the number of players in the team; the quotient gives the average distance for the team. Running High Jump. Playground. 2 or more players. Upper Form. Boys, -lump standards and cross-bar. See description, page 57. The preliminary run and mode of jumping should be for cadi individual such as he finds enables him to make the best possible showing. Start with the cross-piece so low that all the contestants can easily clear it. Gradually raise it, and *A firm post joist or plank two or more inches thick and eight or ten inches svide set flush with the ground makes a better "take off" and a more accurate "scratch line." The jumper must not mark the ground in front of the "take off." Measure from the fropt edge of the plank. Plays and Games for Schools. 23 when a player fails to clear lie is to be eliminated from the game. When only one remains the greatest height at which he can clear the cross-piece should be determined. The standard for high schools set by the New V *rk Public Schools Athletic league is 4 feet, 4 inch* 3 ". Shuttle Jumping. Playground. 6 or more players. Upper and Middle Forms. Two leaders select alternately an equal number of players, making side A and side B. They line up on opposite sides of a scratch line and jump alternately in opposite directions. The first A does the standing broad jump from the scratch line ; the first B, toeing the heel mark nearest the scratch line, jumps toward the scratch line; the second A jumps from where B lands, but in the opposite direction; the second B jumps in the opposite direction from where the second A lands. Thus the players on the opposing sides jump alter- nately in opposite directions until all have jumped. If the last B clears the scratch line, the B's win, otherwise the A's win. Standing Broad Jump. Playround. 2 or more players. Upper and Middle Forms. Boys. The player stands toeing the scratch line or front edge of the plank used as a "take off." The distance jumped is measured from this line perpendicularly to the nearest heel print. The standard set by the New York Public Schools Athletic League for elementary school boys under 13 is 5 feet 9 inches ; for all other elementary school boys, 6 ft. 6 in. ; standard o f Racine County Athletic meet, for boys under thirteen, 5 f t. 8 in. 24 Plays and Games for Schools. Standing- Hop, Step, and Jump. Playground. 2 or more players. Middle and Upper Forms. Boys. The player stands on one foot, toeing the scratch line, takes a hop and lands on the same foot ; he then .hops and lands on the other foot, hops again and lands on both feet. Each one is allowed two trials in succession. Competition by groups will add to the interest and value of the game. The average distance covered by the players in a group determines the winning group. Jumping Rope. Playground. One or more players. All Forms. Girls mainly. Little encouragement is needed to bring about the playing of this game. The danger of over-exertion is to be guarded against, especially by pupils from seven to nine years of age, when the heart action is likely to be comparatively weak. Jumping in relays by groups pitted against each other will add interest, will prevent undue exertion, and will give oppor- tunity of play to the less skillful ones. If there are two groups of an equal number of players and each player is given a certain number of trials, the group wins which in one round makes the greater number of jumps. Descriptions of many forms of rope jumping will be found in Bancroft's "Games for the Playground, Home, School, and Gymnasium," pages 118-122. Kaleidoscope. Schoolroom or Playground. 8 or more players. Middle and Upper Forms. Four or more of the players stand in front of the rest, who are seated. Each player who is standing is given the name of some city so that those who are seated may know what city each one represents. Those seated close their eyes or, better, turn about and look the other way. The ones standing then rear- Plays and Games for Schools. 25 range their line so that cadi player lias a new position. Those seated now open their eyes and (one at a time) are asked to name what city each one represents. This will serve as a test of observation and memory. Instead of names of cities, the names of countries, lakes, rivers, or other names in geography may he used. Names in history, names of authors, titles of hooks, names of birds, and of other objects in nature study or other branches are also available. However, only one class of names should he used at a time. Last Couple Out. Playground. 9 or more players. Upper and Middle Forms. Players form in couples. The couples stand one behind the other and face in the same direction. An odd player (the catcher) stands ten feet or more ahead of the first couple and faces in the same direction as the couples. The catcher cries, "Last couple cut!" and at this signal the couple farthest back run forward, the one at the right on the right-hand side and the one at the left on the left-hand side of the file of couples. It is their object to clasp hands in front of the catcher before the latter can tag either of them. The catcher may not look around after he gives the signal for the couple to run and he must wait till a player is abreast of him before giving chase. If one member of the couple is tagged by the catcher, he joins the latter to form a couple and the one not tagged becomes the catcher. The new couple takes its place at the head of the line, which moves backward one space to make room for it. If the members of the last couple out succeed in joining hands before either one is tagged, they take up a position at the head of the line or are free (out of the game) as may beforehand be de- cided upon. Leapfrog. Playground. 5 or more players. Middle and Upper Forms. Boys. This well known game is good for occasional use. Its descrip- tion here is unnecessary. Interest may be increased by forming two lines of backs, the contest being to determine in which line 26 Plan's and Games for Schools. the last player first leaps over all the rest, the other players hav- ing previously leaped in succession. Foot and a Half. — One is •'It": he makes a "buck'' at the scratch line. One is "leader"; he jumps the buck as far as possible. The buck moves up to where the leader stands. The leader sets a stunt by requiring the others to clear the buck in a single jump from the scratch line, or by taking a hop or a step, or a foot, or a foot and a half from the scratch line before jump- ing. If any one fails, he becomes the buck, the former buck goes to the rear of the line, and the game begins over again. If any one, before he tries the stunt, challenges the leader, the latter must do the stunt or become buck. If he does the stunt, the challenger becomes buck. If all clear the buck, the leader does the stunt, the buck moves out to the leader's landing place, and a new stunt is set. "When the leader fails on any challenge, the next in line becomes leader. Magic Music. Schoolroom. 5 or more players. All Forms. Some article is hidden while a pupil is out of the room. Re- entering the roo,m he searches for it, being guided by music which becomes softer as he recedes from the article and louder as he approaches it. Organ, piano, or other instrument may be used ; or the pupils may sing a song. As a variation it may be stipulated that the article is to be found before the tune has been played a certain number of times or before the song has been sung through. Marbles. The playing of marbles seems to come about spontaneously at the beginning of spring. ("Whether the beginning is genuine or counterfeit seems to make no difference.) Descriptions of various forms of this game will be found in Champlin's Cyclo- pedia of Games and Sports. Of course, the playing "for keeps" should be prevented. This should be brought about so far as possible by voluntary decisions on the part of the pupils. Plays and (James for Schools. 27 May-Pole Dance. tSeo frontispiece.) Playground. 16 girls, or 8 boys and 8 girls. Upper and .Middle Forms. The Courtesy — Right foot back. . 3 counts Bend back knee 3 counts Straighten back knee 3 counts To position 3 counts Same with left foot 12 counts Face pole; courtesy 12 counts; face opposites, courtesy 12 counts, turning on the 10th, 11th, and 12th counts to face part- ners. Courtesy to partners, 12 counts. On 10th, 11th, and 12th face audience. Courtesy to audience, 12 counts. On 10th, 11th, and 12th counts step to side. Those holding red streamers step inside, with left arm toward pole. Those with white streamers step outside, with right arm toward pole. All sway ; place right foot to side (1), cross left iu front, touch toe (2), place left foot to side (3), cross right foot in front, touch toe (4), and repeat, 12 counts. Pass partners. Go in and out as in "grand right and left" until the streamers are plaited down the pole. When wound sufficiently, hold through four counts. Courtesy, 12 counts, to partners. On 10th, 11th, and 12th counts face oppo- sites. Courtesy 12 counts. Sway as before 12 counts, crossing the feet. Unweave the streamers. When back to place, cour- tesy, drop the streamers, and run gracefully from the scene. Modes of Travel. Playground. 5 or more players. All Forms. The players are ranged at one end of the playground and arc numbered from one up. When a player's number is called he crosses the grounds in any way he may choose. No player may employ the same mode of travel as any preceding player. After all have crossed the grounds the teacher, or other leader, or a committee previously selected, decides which one traveled in the most unique and interesting manner. Variation. — The players cross and re-cross the playing space, using each time different modes of travel. When a player can not travel in a new way, lie drops out of the game. The one who holds out longest wins. 28 Plays and Games fur Schools. My Lady's Toilet. Schoolroom. 6 or more players. All Forms. The players are all seated except the Lady's maid. She as- signs to each the name of some article of wearing apparel suit- able to take along on a journey. The maid says, "My Lady is going on a journey and she wants her purse'. The purse rises, turns around twice, and sits down. Each player does the same when the article which she represents is named. When the maid says, "My lady wants her trunk," then all must change places, the maid in the meantime trying to get a seat. The player who fails to get a seat becomes the maid. If a player fails to rLe and turn around when the article which she represents is named, she must change places with the maid; this is also the result if a player gets up at the wrong time. Party Games. Schoolroom games may be chosen with reference to their avail- ability in parties i^iven at the homes of the pupils. Some of the games given herein can be used for this purpose. Others will be found in books on games which are included in the list of books given on page . . A few of the out-door games can be used at house parties, especially if suitably modified. Pom Pom Pull Away. Playground. 8 or more players. Upper and Middle Forms. This game was much in vogue some years ago and is here de- scribed with the hope that interest in it may be revived. It is a capital game to develop ability in running and dodging; and, like all such games, is of great value in the development of the vital organs. Parallel lines are drawn at opposite ends of the playground. Midway between these lines "It" is stationed and behind one of the lines are the rest of the players. "It" calls out, "Pom pom pull away. If you don't come I'll fetch you away." Plays and Games for Schools. 29 The players then run across the playground and "It" tries to tag them before they reach the opposite goal. Any one tagged must join "It" and help to tag those remaining. The game con- tinues till all have been tagged. The first one tagged or the last one tagged, as may be agreed upon, becomes "It" for the next game. Black Tom. — "It" calls out, "Black Tom!" three times, upon which the players run for the opposite goal. "It" may cry "Yellow Tom!" "Ked Tom!" "Black Tim!" or anything else suggested by the true signal, and a player who starts running at a false signal, or who starts before "Black Tom!" is repeated three times in succession, must join "It" and help him chase the others. Chinese Wall. — In the center of the playground two parallel lines are drawn about ten feet apart. The space between these lines is the wall. A defender is chosen who takes his place on the wall. When he cries, "I dare you to cross my wall!" the rest of the players, who are stationed as in Pom Pom Pull Away, start for the line at the opposite end of the playground. The defender tries to tag them as they cross the wall, but he may not step off the wall. Any one tagged must join the defender and help him tag the others. Hill Dill. — This is played like Pom Pom Pull Away, except that the signal is ' ' Hill Dill, come over my hill ! " A variation consists in having "It" and others who join him stand at one goal line when giving the challenge to the players behind the opposite goal line. Variation. — In all these forms of Pom Pom Pull Away varia- tion may be introduced by requiring that "It" and all thost tagged must join hands and not let go till all are tagged. Prince of Paris. Schoolroom. 8 or more players. All Forms. A leader is chosen, who stands before the rest of the players find says, "The Prince of Paris has lost his hat. Did you find it, Number three, sir?" Number Three is to jump to his feet and say, "What, sir? I, sir?" - The leader answers, "Yes, sir! you, sir." •SO Plays and Games for Schools. No. Three, "Not I, sir." Leader, "Who then, sir?" No. Three, "Number Five, sir." Number Five jumps up and say. 1 -, "What, sir? I sir," Leader, "Yes, sir! you sir." No. Five, "Not I, sir." Leader, "Who then, sir?" No. Five, "Number Two, sir." Number Two is to jump up immediately and say, "What, sir? I, sir?" The conversation then goes on as before. The leader tries to say, "The Prince of Paris has lost his hat" before the player whose number is called can jump up and say, "What, sir? I, sir?" If he succeeds the player in question must change places with him. Any one who fails to say "sir" in the proper place must change places with the leader. The game may be varied by having the players stand in a line and applying the rule that when a miss is made the player who misses must go to the foot of the line. In playing the game this way there is no exchange of places with the leader. The object of each one in the line is to be at the head when the game ends. Prisoners' Base. (One of the best of playground games.) Playground. 8 or more players. Upper and Middle Forms. Across both ends of the playground (preferably from fifty to sixty feet apart) lines are drawn back of which are the goals; these must be large enough to contain all the players of a side. At the right of each goal is the prison. As in most competitive school games, it is well to have a loader chosen for each side, these then choosing players alter- nately. The object of the players of each side is to tag players of the other side when they arc between the two goals. A player who is tagged must take his place in the opponents' prison. Of two opposing players, he who left his goal last may tag the other, and not vice versa. A prisoner may be free-i by being lagged while in prison Plays axd Games for Schools. 31 by one of his own side. Neither prisoner nor rescuer may be tagged in returning to their goal.* A player in pursuit of an opponent is liable to be tagged by an opposing player who left his goal after the pursuer did, or if the one pursued reaches goal, he may immediately turn about and become the pursuer. This leads to some exciting situations. The game is. won by the side which succeeds in placing all its opponents in prison. Or, a time limit may be set, and then the side wins which has secured the most prisoners when the time is up. Puss in a Circle. Playground or Schoolroom. 10 or more players. Lower Form. All but one of the players take their places just outside a circle marked on the ground or floor. The remaining player (the puss) stands inside the circle. The circle players may be tagged by puss whenever they have a foot inside the circle^ Players who are tagged must help tag the remaining circle payers. The game is won by the player who is last to be tagged. The object of each of the circle players is to tantalize puss by having a foot inside the circle as much as possible without being tagged. Pussy Wants a Corner. Playground. 5 or more players. Lower and Middle Forms. This well-known game is especially suitable for the Lower Form and beginning Middle Form, but, at times, will be found to appeal to older pupils. Trees, stones, posts, corners of the house, circles marked on the ground, or other goals may be used as "corners." To enliven the game "It" may occa- sionally take up a position previously agreed upon and call out, "All change." The players must then all change places, thus giving "It" a better chance to get a "corner." ♦According to some rules they are both liable to be tagged, but this is likely to complicate matters. 32 Plays and Games for Schools. Quoits (Horse-Shoes). Playground. 2 or more players. Upper and Middle Forms. Iron rings (quoits) or horse shoes. It is needless to describe this well-known game. It may well be included among the games played on the school grounds. Interest may be awakened by having several groups play the game, the be-t players in the several groups being pitted against one another in inter-group competitions. Rabbit's Nest. Playground. 1-1 or more players. Middle and Upper Forms. All but two of the players form groups consisting of three or lour in a circle with bauds joined and with a player inside tin 1 circle. These groups are scattered over the playground. The circles are lmsls and the players inside the circles are rabbits. Of Hie two remaining players, one is a rabbit and the other the farmer's dog. The playground is an orchard and the rabbits have gnawed the bark on the trees till the farmer has decided to send bis dog to catch them. At a signal, the dog si ails in pursuit of the rabbit which has no nest. The rabbit thus pursued may, when be linds himself hard pressed, enter a "nest" (circle) and then the rabbit in that nest must leave it. This rabbil may in his turn enter a nest and displace .". rabbit. When the dog cat dies a rabbit, the rabbit becomes the dog and the dog the rabbit. In order that those forming the nests may also take part in the running, ii may, for instance, be stipulated that when a rabbil has been caught, the rabbil in each nest shall change places with one of the players forming the nest. RACES. Rehoolground, road, or neighboring field if available. 2 or more players. Upper and Middle Forms. Races provide a form of exercise that every school should make use of. From among the almost numberless kinds of races the ones given below are suggested as suitable for schools. Plays and G&mes for Schools. 33 As a signal for starting, the sound of a rock dropped on a box, pan, or other object giving a loud enough sound will serve the purpose. Time may be kept fairly well by means of an ordinary watch provided with a second-hand. If the time of more than one racer is to be determined, there will need to be as many time keepers as the number of racers whose time is to be deter- mined. The teacher should aim to develop some degree of skill in time keeping on the part of the older pupils. Races can, of course, be run without determining the time, by simply noting the order in which the prescribed distance is run. However, the timing of the winners will add to the in- terest in the game. The accurate measuring of the distances should be done by the pupils and verified by the teacher. Permanent marks may then be put down. If a weight standard is used, the racers are to be weighed in the clothes in which they do the racing. Racing in Groups. — In order that even the slowest runner may take part in the races, it is well often to divide the pupils into two groups of fairly equal ability, and then pit the groups against each other. All of the players in each group are to run the prescribed distance one after the other. By dividing the time of the group by the number of players in the group the average time is determined. If both groups run at the same time the interest will be all the greater. For a suggestion as to method, see "Relay Race," page 39. Fancy Starts. — Participants in a race may occasionally be required to start from a lying posture, head to the starting line or any other position which will give a desirable variety to the game. Caution. — Care should be exercised to exclude children from racing events which are likely to prove detrimental to their health. 31 Plays and Games for Schools. DASHES. Playground or road. 2 or more players. Upper Form. Forty-yard Dash. For girls "who are under 13. Be careful to exclude girls from this event who appear in any way to be injured by it. Fifty-yard Dash. This event is for boys under 13 and for girls over 13. Or, if a weight standard is set, all hoys may take part who weigh eighty pounds or h'ss. The championship record for this event in the Public Schools Athletic League of New York City for 1910, was 6 4-5 seconds. See caution under "Forty-yard Dash," above. Sixty-yard Dash. For boys in the tipper Form. Standard of N. Y. Public Schools Athletic League, 1909, for elementary boys thirteen years or over, 8 seconds; under thir- teen, 8 3-5 seconds. Standard of Racine County Athletic Meet, 1911 : elementary school boys thirteen years or over, 8 3-5 sec. ; under thirteen, 9 sec. Seventy-yard Dash. Restricted to boys who weigh not more than 115 pounds, nor less than 96 pounds. The championship record of the Public Schools Athetic League in this event for 1910 was 8 3-5 seconds. (Elementary schools.) Plays and Games for Schools. 35 Hundred-yard Dash. Resricted to boys who are fifteen years of age or over. No restrictions as to weight. The championship elementary school record of the Public Schools Athletic League in this event for 1910 was 11 seconds. The standard set (1909) was 14 seconds. RELAY RACES. 220-yard Relay Race. For five Upper Form boys. 440-yard Relay Race. For five high school boys. 220-yard Run. For high school boys. Standard of N. Y. Public Schools Athletic League, (1909; 28 seconds. I i '.J : I ■ i L. MISCELLANEOUS RACES. Basket Eall Relay Race. Playground. 8 or more players. Upper Form. Two basket balls or bean bags; two elevated baskets or other receptacles. Sides are chosen. The players of each side line up, single file, back of a starting line. The first player in each fde has a basket bail. At a signal he runs to a certain goal and throws the ball into the basket; then he returns and hands the ball to the next in line, who has moved forward to the starting line. 36 Plays and Games for Schools. This player rims, "makes" a basket, returns, and hands the ball to the third player, and so on. A player cannot return to his file until he '"makes" a basket, no matter how many throws :rc necessary. The side wins whose last player first crosses the starting line after having "made" a basket. In place of basket balls, bean bags may be used and the throwing may be done from a line a few feet in front of a barrel or other receptacle. Variation. — The ball is passed over head to the last one in the file, who then runs forward, "makes" a basket, and returns to the front of the file; he backs up to the file, which moves back one place, and passes the ball over his head. The side wins whose last runner first backs up to the front of his file. Hopping Relay Race. Playground. 8 or more players. Middle and Upper Forms. A starting line is drawn on the ground. At a distance of about fifteen feet in front of this line and parallel to it is a goal, which is preferably a wall or fence; it may be a line drawn on the ground. The players are divided into two or more equal groups each of which forms a file back of the starting line. The first player of each group toes the starting line and faces the goal, the rest of the group standing one be- hind the other back of him. At a signal the first player in each file hops on the right foot to the goal, touches it while standing on one foot, then turns and hops back, touching the next player on the shoulder as he passes him on his way to the rear of the file. This player then hops to the goal and back and starts the next player as he passes him on his way to the rear of the file, in like manner the players hop in sue cession. When a player starts hopping, the file moves for- ward so that the next player toes the starting line. The penal- ty for touching the ground with both feet at once may con- sist in stopping till ten lias been counted aloud. The game is won by the group whose last player first crosses the starting line on his way back from touching the goal. If the game is repeated the hopping should next be on the left foot, then on the right foot and so on. Which foot is to Plays and Games for Schools. 37 hopped on should be understood by all before beginning a round. A variation of this game may consist in jumping instead of hopping. Jumping Relay Race. Playground. S or more players. Upper and Middle Forms. The players line up in two or more equal files behind a starting line which is parallel to another line at a distance from it of from twenty to sixty or more feet. At a signal the first players in each line jump from the starting line and keep on jumping till the goal line is reached and then turn about and run back. The files in the meantime have moved forward to the starting line. Yv r hen the first player of a file comes back, he touches the outstretched hand of the second player, as a signal for him to start jumping and then passes on to the foot of the file. On his return the second player touches off the third player, and so on. The file wins whose last player first crosses the starting line on his return. Line Relay Race. Playground, if large enough ; otherwise the road or a field must be used. 10 or more players. Middle and Upper Forms. Z 3 4 5 Line A z Lme3 Plays and Games for Schools. player 2 on the shoulder and player l 1 iu line B runs forward and touches player 2 1 on the shoulder. When a player is thus touched on the shoulder he runs forward and touches the player in front of him on the shoulder as a signal for him to run and start the player in front of him. When the last player in a line is touched he runs forward to the goal line. A player ceases running when he has started the one in front of him. ■ " v, | That line wins whose last player first reaches the goal line. A desirable modification may be made by having the players in each line carry forward a bean bag to the players in front of them; the bag is thus carried forward by the players in suc- cession. The last player in each line places the bean bag on the goal line. Potato Race. Playground. Individual competition, 2 or more players; group competition, 6 or more players. Upper and Middle Forms. Receptacles arc so placed that there are as many parallel rows twenty or more feet long (with a receptacle at each end) as there are players. In each receptacle at one end of the rows three to six potatoes arc placed. The start is made from the empty receptacles, each runner standing with one foot touching a receptacle. Individual Competition. — At the signal each player runs to the end of his row, picks up a potato, carries it back and places it in the other receptacle. This is repeated until all the pota- toes have been transferred, that player winning who first ac- complishes the task. Group Competition. — Groups are formed of any equal num- ber of players. Each group is assigned a row. At the signal the first player in each group transfers the potatoes as de- scribed above. Immediately upon placing the last potato in the receptacle he touches the hand of the second player who proceeds to carry the potatoes back to the other receptacle one at a time. The third player on being touched off fetches the potatoes back ; and so the potatoes are transferred back and forth from one receptacle to the other till all the players have run. The group wins whose last player first completes his task. Plans and Games for Schools. 39 Variation. — Receptacles are provided a1 only one end of the rows — the end a1 which the players are stationed. Potatoes arc placed at intervals of five feet along the rows. There should be four 01 more potatoes in each row, depending on the age and training of the players. At the signal the pota- toes arc gathered one at a time and placed in the receptacles. Individual or group competition may be used. In group com- peliton, the potatoes are gathered by the first players, dis- tributed by the second players, gathered by the third players, and so on. Relay Race. Playground. 8 or more players. Middle and Upper Forms. Single Relay. — Two or more teams of an equal number of players (four or more) line up, each team in single file, behind a starting line. At the signal the first player in each file runs to the goal line and back again, touches the outstretched hand of the second player, who runs to the goal line and on his re- turn "touches off" the third player, and so on. This continues until all the players in the file have run to the goal line and back. When a player starts running, the file moves forward till the foremost player toes the starting line. The team wdiose last player first crosses the goal line on his return wins the game. Shuttle Belay. — Instead of haying all the players of a team at one end of the running space, half may be placed at each end. Then the first player runs across the course and "touches off" the foremost player at the opposite end of the course, and so on. Three-Legged Race. Playground. 4 or more players. Middle and Upper Forms. Boys. The players run in pairs, the right leg of one in each pair being tied to the left leg of the other. This game is suitable for occasional use. It would doubtless be an interesting feature at out-of-door celebrations of various kinds. 40 Plays and Games for Schools. Wheelbarrow Race. Playground. 4 or more players. Middle and Upper Forms. Boys. Boys take hold of the feet of other hoys and hold them as they would the handles of a wheeelbarrow ; the "wheelbar- rows" then run on their hands to a line marked off on the ground and return to the starting point. This game should be played only where there is clean grass, and the players should be required to wash their hands after the race is run. Rolling Target. Playground. 3 or more players. Upper and Middle Forms. Barrel hoop; bean bags* or other suitable missiles. Two or more players, each with a bean bag, line up side by- side, five or six feet apart. Another player stands to one side and rolls a hoop parallel to the line thus formed and ten or more feet in front of it. As the hoop passes in front of a player he tries to throw his bean bag through it without top- pling it over. II' he succeeds, lie scores one point. II" he knocks the hoop over lie is penalized one point or whatever may he agreed upon. After each round I he players move up one place, the one a! the head taking his place at the foot. The first to score ten points wins I he game. [f points are too easily made, the hoop should hi' rolled in a line farther in front of the line of throwers. A distance should he chosen which will develop skill in accurate throwing. The game can he made a team game, if there are enough players. The teams play three rounds each, alternately. The team which first scores five times as many points as there are players in a team wins the game. In this form of the game there is of course no penalty for toppling the hoop over. *Instcart of bean bags, stones or sticks of uniform size and shape (to be. hurled as spears) may he used. Bui this will necessitate great care that chil- dren shall not be in danger of being struck by the missiles. Plays and Games for Schools. 41 Schoolroom Games. Select such games from those herein described as are adapted or may be modified Eor schoolroom use. But games should be played in the schoolroom only when it is inadvisable to play out of doors. SINGING GAMES. Charley Over the Water. Playground. 8 or more players. Lower and Middle Forms. One of the players, Charley, stands in the center; the others with hands joined circle about him, singing "Charley over the water, Charley over the sea ; Charley catch a blackbird, Can't catch me!" The players stoop just as the last word is said and should Charley tag any player before he stoops they exchange places. Farmer in the Dell. Playground. 10 or more players. Lower and Middle Forms. Girls. One player stands surrounded by children who, with hands joined, circle about, singing the verses given below. At the conclusion of the first verse, the child within the circle chooses one of the circle players to stand beside her. At the end of each of the succeeding verses the last one chosen beckons to another child to come within the circle. When the last verse has been sung, all the players jump up and down and clap their hands. The last one chosen then becomes the farmer and the game goes on as before. 42 Plays and Games for Schools. i t 9^; i ; -' fe The farmer in the dell, The farmer in the dell, Heigh-o, the dairy, oh, The farmer in the dell. Thi' fanner takes a wife, The farmer takes a wife, Heigh-o, the dairy, oh, The farmer takes a wife. The \\ il'e takes a child, The w it'e takes a child. Heigh-o, the dairy, oh, The wife takes a child. The child takes a nurse, The child takes ;i nurse, Heigh-o, the dairy, oh, The child takes a inn se. The nurse takes a dog, The nurse \:\ki'^ a dog, Heigh-o, the dairy, oh, The nurse takes a dog. In like manner are sung : The dog takes a eat, etc. > The cat takes a rat. etc. The rat takes the cheese, etc. The cheese stands alone, etc. Plays and Games for Schools. 43 London Bridge. Playground. S or more players. Lower and Middle Forms. Girls. This well known popular game lias been played by the little folks in many lands and dates back several centuries. Two players stand facing each other; they form an arch by clasping hands and raising them above their heads. The other players pass under the arch thus formed, while all sing, London Bridge is falling down, Falling down, falling down. London Bridge is falling down, My fair lady ! As the last words are sung the players forming the arch lower their hands and so catch one of the other players. The one caught is asked to choose between two valuable articles previously agreed upon by the two who form the arch or bridge, each article representing one or the other of these two players. As a player is caught and makes her choice she takes her place back of the one which she has thus chosen. When all have been caught, there is a tug of war between the two sides, the players standing one behind the other each with hands clasped around the waist of the one in front of her, the two leaders clasping hands. The side wins which pulls the other over a line on the ground on either side of which the contestants are ranged when the tug of war begins. The Mulberry Bush. Playground. 6 or more players. Middle and Lower Forms. As the players sing the first verse of the song given below they circle about with hands joined. When the rest of the verses are sung the action is suited in pantomime to the words. The first verse is sung as a chorus to each of the other verses except the last, the players in each case joining hands and circling about. When the refrain "So early in the morning" is sung, each player spins rapidly about in her own place. When the last verse is sung the players circle about as when the chorus is sung. 44 Plays and Games for Schools. •"" ■'-■•"' ■•'■''7 >»• '" ^ 8J**&^%l :^ J %'^ fi =£ m 3 3 i i * Here *EE J we go round the mul - ber - ry bush, The £51 ; P\ £— 5— -N-— nJF— N fr — K | iy— — n — \ \ »^J mul - ber -ry bush, the mul - ber - ry bush, Here we go round the ^=* % A X m — N \- • I?. ^ :=£: ^ % mul - ber - ry bush, So ear _J 4 --A- — J— V the morn - ing. m This is the way we wash our clothes, We wash our clothes, we wash our clothes, This is the way we wash our clothes, So early Monday morning. Chorus (Hero we go round, etc.) i This is the way we iron our clothes, We iron our clothes, we iron our dollies. This is the way we iron our clothes, So early Tuesday morning. Chorus (Here we go round, etc.) This is the way we scrub the floor, etc. (Wednesday morning) Chorus (Here we go round, etc.) * From Bancroft's "Games for the Playground, Home, School, and Gymnasium." By permission oj The Macmillan Co.. Plays and Games for Schools. 45 This is the way we mend our clothes, etc. (Thursday morning) Chorus (Here we go round, etc.) This is the way we sweep the house, etc. (Friday morning) Chorus (Here we go round, etc.) Thus we play when our work is done, Our work is done, our work is done, Thus we play when our work is done, So early Saturday morning. Rabbit in the Hollow. Playground or schoolroom. 6 or more players. Lower Form. GERMAN. I. One child crouches in the center of the ring while the hunter roams with- out. The children in the ring chant and march around. II. When they come to "run, run, run," the hunter from without breaks thru while the rabbit escapes and is pursued. If caught he becomes the hunter while another child is chosen for the rabbit. III. "Hop, hop, hop," "hide, hide, hide," are actions for other verses which the child in center must imitate. At "hide" all Ihe children seek to shield the rabbit while the hunter must break thru and the chase is again made. — From ''Popular Folk Games and Dances." By permission of A. Flanagan Co. 46 Plays and Games for Schools. Kussian Haymaking-. Playground or schoolroom. 8 or more players. Lower and Middle Forms. , Well marked. Pitch the .iay, pitch the hay. On tne wagon il we'll throw; Driving homeward, driving homeward, To the hay loft it must go. In the winter, in the winter. When lac days arc short and cold; Pull the fodder, pull the fodder, For Ihe cattle in the hold. The first part of this song dance is 1<> pantomime the anion nj the words. Have the children enter earnestly into the gestures of the story ami give them correctly. Especially should ilu.se homely experiences he emphasized with city children. I. This dance may he formed in groups of eight in a square or in Ions lines with partners standing opposite. Couples or lines advance to center for first vers.', arm extended imitating rain drops. Hop-polka forward three measures with gestures, run to place with fourth measure. II. Repeal advance with opposite foot and arm movements. For chorus couples join hands and dance across lines hop polka step for two measures, toe-heel and clap three times. Repeat chorus and return to place; finishing with toe-heel and clapping. Retain this form giving new gesture to each verse. — From "Popular Folk flames ami Dances." By permission of A. Flanagan Co. Plays and Games for Schools. 47 Skating. Little encouragement is needed for this sport where the op- portunity for it is etails of construction of teeter totters in the preceding illustration. Giant Strides. Giant strides are a good substitute for the merry-go-round, which is so popular with children. The top of the post should be twelve feet or more above the ground. It should be set in con- crete four fret or more in the ground, and should rest on a large flat stone or a pier of concrete. The ropes (six in number) may 64 Plays and Games for Schools. be attached to an iron wheel" which revolves about an iron peg driven into the top of the post. They should when hanging reach within a few inches of the ground. At the free ends there should be knots cr loops for the children to take hold of. See figure below. Specifications for making the "home-made wagon skein stride" are given on page 225 of "Playground Technique and Play- craft." Sec booklist, page 76. ■SJ^P^^i/t/cZTL ■ ltt ' ' .7/ "- rf Homemade giant s : 3. Prom Annual Report of Superintendent 0. J. K< i i), Winnel ago Co., [11., 1910. Sand Box. An arrangement by which the Primary Form pupils may have the opportunity to play with clean sand will supply a form of * An iron wheel of some abandoned piece of farm machinery will answer the purpose. Plays and Games for Schools. 05 activity to which they are greatly attracted and which in addi- tion has important educational possibilities. The sides of the sand box should be made of 2-inch dressed planks 12 inches wide, with the upper edges rounded. Spreading may be prevented by stakes driven into the ground so as to brace the planks from the outside. The woodwork should be finished with two coats of good outdoor paint or with several applications of boiled linseed oil. Clean quartz sand should be used. It should be kept moist (not wet), since comparatively little can be done with dry sand. Thin cross-boards should be provided on which the children may place the sand. Miniature shovels and pails will add greatly to the possibilities of the sand box. The lumber and paint for such a sand box ten feet long and four feet wide will cost about four dollars. Slides. The slide is a desirable piece of apparatus for a playground, but it would probably have to be purchased ready made and most rural schools could not afford to pay the price, which is fifty dollars or more. READY-MADE APPARATUS. Numerous illustrations of playground apparatus will be found in catalogs issued by the firms listed below. These catalogs will afford suggestions for the making of apparatus and will give an idea of what to buy if money is available for the purpose. There is considerable discount from the list prices. Fred. Medart Manufacturing Co., St. Louis, Mo. Narragansett Machine Co., Providence, R. I. A. G. Spalding & Bros., Chicopee, Mass. W. S. Tothill, "Webster Ave., Chicago, 111. 66 Plays and Games for Schools. Plays and Games for Schools. 67 SUGGESTIONS FOR A COUNTY FIELD DAY. An annual county field day participated in by one-room, graded, and high schools would greatly promote play activity throughout the school year. Aside from this desirable result, it would afford an occasion for people from different parts of the county to get together and become acquainted, and that means much for their social welfare. The schools of Racine county have celebrated such a day the past three years and gratifying results have been achieved. Patrons of the schools have been present in large numbers. On pages 72 — 75 will be found some cuts giving an idea of this event. Ulster county, New York, has attracted considerable attention by its successful annual field day and play picnic for country children, as described by Myron T. Scudder in a pamphlet listed on page 77. The suggestions which follow are made not for the purpose of giving a detailed plan for a county field day, but rather with the idea that they may perhaps start some thought and discussion of the subject and thus lead to the introduction of some form of this event, which has in it possibilities of great benefit to rural communities especially. Only a few counties in the United States have thus far made use of the idea. Expert help is desirable, especially in getting started. In Racine county the physical director of the Y. M. C A. of Ra- cine and his assistants supervise the field day events. When such help cannot be secured consultation with experts and wide reading on the subject followed by careful planning ought to bring good. results. A booklist on play will be found on page 76. Country schools should have a prominent part, perhaps even the leading part, in field day celebrations. For it is in rural communities that there is the greatest need of stimulating play activity. In fact one of the causes of the drift cityward is the lack in the country of proper provision for recreation. Prizes in the form of badges and trophies form an essential part of field day celebrations. For suggestions as to these, see the announcement of the Racine County Athletic Meet, page 72 ; also Scudder 's "Field Day and Play Picnic for Country Children" (listed on page 77). 68 Plays and Games for Schools. Relav rare. Potato race. Racine County scholastic field meet, 1911, Plays and Games for Schools. GO Baseball throw. Trophies. Racine County scholastic field meet-. 70 Plays and Games for Schools. Athletic badges should be awarded to all boys who come up to certain standards in prescribed events. See "Athletic Badge Standards," page 72. See also "Official Handbook" listed on page and Scudder's Field Day and Play Picnic," listed on page 77. Schools in the various classes (one-room, graded, and high) might profitably enter into a contest to de- termine which school in each class can make the best average record in the athletic badge events. It would have to be stipu- lated that in order to make a school eligible to compete no less than a certain percentage of all enrolled who meet the age or other requirements must take part. Competitive playing of some of the games described in this publication would form a valuable feature of a county field day. Certain games for the various Forms, not forgetting the youngest children, might be selected and announcement made at the beginning of the school year that these games would be included in the field day events. Athletic events should of course receive their due share of attention. Preliminary field days in the various townships might be held to determine who should compete in certain events at the county field day. For some events, however, it would perhaps be better to have entries from individual schools under cer- tain prescribed conditions. Team events should be provided for, in order to encourage participation by children Avho are not especially skillful, but who will be greatly benefited by taking part. See "Group (lames," page xiv. See also Scudder's Field Day and Play Picnic for Country Children," page 39. Early in the year cer- tain schools of about equal enrollment and age of pupils might be invited to compete on field day in some such events as prisoner's base, running broad jump, chinning the bar (pull up), shuttle jumping, relay race, potato race (group competi- tion) etc. Placards showing where the different events are to take place should be posted on the grounds. To prevent interfer- ence with some of the events, such as racing and base ball throw, it would be well to rope off certain areas. Events for adults would form a valuable feature of a county field day. They would very likely increase the attendance and would form a pleasing diversion both for the grown peopjp Plays and Games for Schools. 71 and the children. A certain portion of the day might be allotted to these events. Taking- care of the people should be carefully provided for. Good suggestions will be found in Scudder's "Field Day and Play Picnic for County Children," page 24. The raising of money for expenses can be arranged for in a number of ways. Each school entering contestants might raise money toward the county field day by means of an entertain- ment or otherwise. In Racine county a liberal and public spirited citizen supplies the prizes and trophies. Other ex- penses are met by the sale of refreshments on the grounds. 72 Plays and Games for Schools. Racine County Schools Athletic Meet Union Grove, Saturday. June 3, 1911. 1 P. M. At Racine County Old Settlers' Picnic Grounds OFFICIAL ENTRY BLANK CLASS I-FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN IN ONE ROOM SCHOOLS OR- RVRAL SCHOOLS Division A-For Boys under 13 years of age. 60-yard dash Name Standing broad jump Name Running high jump Name Relay race-220 yards Names 2 Division B— For Boys 13 years or over. 60-yard dash Name Standing broad jump Name . Running high jump Name. Relay race-220 yards Names. on C For Girl, under I 3 year, of ego. 40-yard dash Name Base ball throw Name Potato race Name on D— For Girls 1 3 year, or older. 60-yard dash Name. . . . Base ball throw Name.... Potato race Name .... CLASS II Tor school children In the grided schools or schools hevlng mot Division A-For Boy. under 13 years of a.e. 60-yard dash Name Standing broad jump Name Running high jump Name Relay race— 220 yards Names 2. Division B — For Boys 1 3 year, or over. 60-yard dash Name. . Standing broad jump Name.. Running high jump Name. . Relay race— 220 yards Names. Division C — For Girls under 13 years of age. 40-yard dash Name . . . Baseball throw Name.... Potato race Name — Division D For Girls 13 years or older. 50-yard dash -Name. . . Base ball throw Name.. Potato race Name .. CLASS Ill-FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS Division A- High School Boy.. Running high jump Name Running broad jump Name Pole vault Name J mile run. Name 410-yard relay race Names 2 SPF.CIALS. High School Base Ball-Nan 5 6 Graded school base ball-Na ATHLETIC BADGE STANDARDS. Boys tinder 15 yeera of si*. Boys 13 veers or over, under High School. High School Credos 60-yard ■lash 9 sec. 60-yard dash 8 3-5 sec. 220-yard dash 28 se Pull-up 4-t.mes Pull-up 6 times Pull-up 9 tim Standingbroadjump .5«..8in. Standing broad jump ... .6 ft, 6 in. Running high jump 4ft.. 4i Under Athletic Badge Standards, pupils are to make these standards on the grounds of the meet. All boys in the (ii class will receive a Bronze Button, in the second class a Silver Button, in the third class a Gold Button. Lapel Button. PRIZES-AH entries will be furnished with Buttons. All Firsts will be awarded Blue Ribbons; Seconds, Red Rib- bons and all other winners. White Ribbons. Schools winning the most points will be awarded a banner The Township winning th.- niost 1..111'. will be awarded a Placque. In case of a tie both townships will he av.anle.1 .. .Iv. the second Placque will be awarded to the township winning the second place In Classes 11 and III. I lacquea will be awarded the winner on points on the entire- series of athletics. In the special base ball games a Placque will be awarded the winners. POINTS-The points are scored for individual and relay events alike on a basis of 5 points for firsts. 3 for seconds and 1 for thirds. ENTRIES CLOSE with Mr. A. F. Grimm, Physical Director, Y. M. C. A., Racine, Wis., May 22, 1911. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. -Everts start promptly at I o'clock p. m. June 3rd. Judges in all cases will be from the Racine Y MCA even to the umpire of the base hall games. All contestants to report to Mr. Gnmm before 11 o'clock June 3rd'. NO ENTRIES EXCEPT ON THESE BLANKS. District No Township or High School of Graded School Principal or Teacher G. J. ZIMMERMAN. County Superintendent. Plays and Games for Sci ools. 73 ? ?~} t) C'/VA/ 3X. "5 svn & o &&/< o e -t-~> n b,1 J7 Pe*- d i~ nj* C (, f^gj Y> -V/^-V/?^ **"*£ N9'tf VAr •/*"«* N <^ NJ 7 6- -*."_£. R •i *°*fa~fMr& j? g &g^ *| H s(/a a & (/A QJ? (5 3?(/& OJ.&J-04L w«W ?7&£J 3 ? -fr e f-spvo a &&J\ oa> Q P Atrys>2jOi/i/A 07 Z 41*11 (f9'f-l y*"»r*n& Od JC~n£6A ex Z di*"ie H-9'H %/*i*>nn)j dt»*[OtiO»GI Vf'ON dUnj> u-ZiiH p/v/Aifjny *A//^ £0^ raj- -g< Kr 7^ :lu P4-{ t) &£ i/fo)9D-3 0»tf '&/« . /*F/~C/#C 'i A/4"?£ Racine County scholastic field meet, 1911. Plays and Games for Schools. 75 Division ' Class., -lb Date HiCxH \ 7u t^i P \ 1 -AMW&" Tow 'A/Si OP P<*r> ncT /•/£ "' u ^ v. ^ S i < > * 5 X 4t Racine County scnolastic field meet, 1911. Plays and Games fur Schools. LIST OF HOOKS ON (JAMES AND PLAYGROUNDS. Angell, E. D. Play; comprising games for the kindergarten, play- ground, schoolroom, and college. Boston, Little, Brown & Co 1910. $1.50. * Arnold, E. H. Some inexpensive playground apparatus. New York. Playground Association of America. Paper, 5 cents. ♦Bancroft, J. H. Games for the playground, home, school, and gymnasium. New York (Chicago). The Macmillan Co. 1910. $1.50. (H. 421) **Bancroft, J. H. School gymnastics, free hand. Boston (Chicago). D. C. Heath & Co. 1903. $1.50. (T. 180 — $1.10) Burchenall, L. Folk-dances and singing games; twenty-six folk- dances of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Kussia, Hungary, Italy, England, Scotland, and Ireland, with music, full directions for performance, and numerous illustrations. New York. G. Schlrmer. 1909. Paper, $1.50; cloth, $^.50. ('amp, W. C. Book of football. New York. Century Co. 1910. $2.00 (H. 432) :|: Champlin, J. D. and Bostwick, A. E. Young folks' cyclopedia of games and sports. New York. 1899. Henry Holt & Co. (T. 2 — $1.6 5) -Course in play for grade teachers. New York. (1 Madison Ave.) Playground Association of America. Paper, 15 cents Crawford, C. Folk dances and games. New York. A. S. Barnes & Co. 1909. $1.50 Evers, J. J. Touching second. Chicago. Reilly & Britton. $1.25 (H. 423) A book of baseball. Games book for boys and girls; a volume of old and new pas- times. New York. E. P. Dutton & Co. n. d. $2.50. (T. 1214 — $1.30) -Graham, .1 and Clark B. H. Practical track and field athletics. New York. Fox. Duffield & Co. 1904. $1.00 (T. 247— $.60) Harper, C. A., comp. One hundred and fifty gymnastic games; compiled by members of the alumni of Boston Normal School of Gymnastics. Boston. Geo. H. Ellis Co. 1910. $1.25 *Hofer, M. R. Children's singing games — old and new. Chicago. A. Flanagan Co. 19 01. Paper, $.5 *Hofer, M. R. Popular folk games and d~nees for playground, vacation school, and schoolroom use. Chicago. A. Flan- gan Co. 1907. Paper, $.75 Holton, M. A. Games, seat work, and sense training exercises. Chicago. A. Flanagan Co. 1905. $.40 (T. 833— $.32) Indoor games and exercises in connection with school work in the lower grades. 'olmson G E. Education by plays and games. Boston (Chi- cago). Ginn & Co. 1907. $.90 (T. 862— $.75) * Johnson, G. E. 'What to do at recess. Boston (Chicago). Ginn & Co. 1910. $.25 Kingsland. Mrs. B. Book of indoor and outdoor games, with sug- gestions for entertainments. New York. Doubleday, Page & Co. 1904. $1.50 Leland, A. and Leland, L. H. Playground, technique and play- craft, vol. 1. Springfield, Mass. F. A. Bassette Co. 1909. $ 2 50 Partial contents: Philosophy of play; Playground architec- ture; Playground construction; Plans, specifications, and direc- tions for the manufacture of home made apparatus; Bibliog- raphy. Plays and Games foe Schools. 77 Mann, C. W. School recreations and amusements. New York (Chicago). American Book Co. 1896. $1.00 Valuable mainly for indoor recreations in connection with school branches. Mero, E. B., ed. American Playgrounds; their construction, equip- ment, maintenance and utility. Rev. ed. Boston. Dale As- sociation. 1910. $2.00 Newton, M. B. Graded games and rhythmic exercises for primary schools (for the school room and playground). New York. A. S. Barnes & Co. 1909. $1.25 (T. 957 — $1.00) * Report of the Committe on Athletics for boys. New York. Play- ground Association of America. Paper, 5 cents. * Report of the Committee on athletics for girls. New York. Play- ground Asso. of America. Paper, 5 cents Report of Committee on Folk Dancing. Same address and price as the preceding title **Scudder, ivi. T. field day and play picnic for country children. New York. Charities Publication Committee. Paper, 10 cents Seton, E. T. and Baden-Powell. Boy scouts of America. N. Y. Doubleday, Page & Co. $.50 (H. 424) Social plays, games, marches, old folk dances, and rhythmic move ments tor use in Indian schools. Washington, D. C. Office of Indian Affairs. Spalding's Athletic Library. New York. American Sports Pub- lishing Co. Each of the following titles is paper bound and lists at ten cents. A complete list of titles in the series can be secured from the publishers. No. 1. Spalding's c±T.cial base ball guide No. 2A. Spalcuii s o.uciai soccer football guide No. 202. How to play base ball No. 15 7. How to play lawn tennis No. 19 3. How to play basket ball No. 9. Spalding's official indoor base ball guide No. 156. Athlete's guide *No. 246. Athletic training for school boys *No. 313. Official handbook of Public Schools Athletic League *No. 314. Official handbook of girls' branch of Public Schools Athletic League *No. 331. Schoolyard athletics White, M. and White, S. Book of children's parties. New York. Century Co. 1903. $1.00 (T. 248— $.60) * Suggested for first purchase; titles double-starred fire especially recommended. H.— List of books for hisrh school libraries, 1911. T.= List of fcc.clrs for township libraries, 1910-11. INDEX TO GAMES. In order to facilitate selection of games a number of items are indi- cated under the line giving title and page, as follows: P — playground; S = schoolroom; the numbers refer to the number of players (5-f. for example, means 5 or more players); L = Lower Form ; M = Middle Form ; U = Upper Form ; B = boys ; G = girls. Page Advancing statues 1 P "> L M U All-up relay 1 P 10+ M U Animal blind man's buff 2 P or S S+ L M I Hall games 3 Bar pull 10 P or s 2 V B Base hall 3 Base ball throw 3 P 2+ M U Basket ball 3 Basket ball relay race 35 P S U Batting the ball 4 P :j+ M U Bean bag board 11 P or S 2 h M U Bean bag contest 11 P or y in J- I. M I! Bean hag games ■ 11 Plays and Games for Schools. 79 Page Bean bag race 12 S 20+ L M U Bear in the pit 13 P 8 + M UBoru Bird catcher 13 S or P 6+ L M U Bird sale 13 P 6+ M U Black and white 14 P 11+ M U Black Tom 29 P 8+ M U Blackboard relay 15 S 8+ L M U Buzz : 15 S 6+ M U Captain ball 4 P 20+ or— U B or G Cat and mouse 16 P 12+ L M U Center stride ball 6 P 8+ M Chain tag 48 P 6+ M U Charley over the water 41 P 8+ L M Chicken market 16 P or S 5+ L M U B Chinese wall 29 P 8+ L M U Chinning the bar 17 P 1+ U B Coasting 17 Come with me 17 p 10+ L M U 80 Plays and Games for Schools. Page Cress tag 49 P 5+ L M U Daddy on the castle 49 P 5+ L M Dashes 34 P 2+ U Day and night. See Black and white. Dodge ball 6 P 10+ M U B or G Double tag 49 P 8+ M U Duck en a rock 18 P 5+ M U Farmer in the dell 41 P 10+ L M G Fifty-yard dash 34 P 2+ UBorG "Fly away" 18 S or P 5+ L Follow the leader 19 P or S 10+ L M U Fortv-yard dash 34 p 2+ U G Four-hundred-fort v yard relay race 35 P 5 U B Fox and gander 19 P 8+ M UBorG Fox and geese 20 P 8+ M U Hang tag 50 P 8+ M U Hide and seek 20 P 4+ L M U Hill dill 29 p 8-1- M U Plays and Games for Schools. 81 Page HoT.ping relay race 36 P S+ M U Horse and rider 7 P 6+ U B Horse shoes. See Quoits. Hundred-yard dash 35 P 2+ U B I spy. See Hide and seek. Imitation 21 S or P 5+ L M U In and out the window 21 P 12+ L M Indoor baseball 7 Jumping 21 P 2+ M U B Jumping relay race 37 P 8+ M U Jumping rope 24 P 1+ L M U Kaleidoscope 24 S or P 8+ M U Last couple out 25 P 9+ M U Leapfrog 25 P 5+ M U B Line relay race 37 P 10+ M U London bridge 43 P 8+ L M G Long ball 7 P 12+ M U B Magic music 26 S 5+ L M U Marbles 26 82 Plays and Games for Schools. Page May-pole dance 27 P 16+ M U Miscellaneous bean bag games 12 Miscellaneous races 35 Modes of travel 27 P 5+ L M U Mocn and morning stars 50 P 6+ L M Mulberry bush 43 P 6+ L M My lady's toilet 28 S 6+ L M U One old cat 8 P 4+ M U G Partner tag 50 P 6+ M UBorG Party games 28 Pass ball 9 P 12+ M U Pom pom pull away 28 P 8+ M U Potato race 38 P 2+ M U Prince of Paris 29 S 8+ L M U Prisoners' base 30 P 8+ M U Pull up. See Chinning the bar. Puss in a circle 31 P or S 10+ L Pussy wants a corner 31 P 5+ L M Quoits 32 P 2+ M U Plays and Games for Schools. 83 Page Rabbit in the hollow 45 P or S 6+ L "Rabbit's nest 32 P 14+ M U Races 32 S 2+ M U Relay race 39 P 8+ M U Relay races 35 Rolling target 40 P 3+ M U Running broad jump 22 P 2+ U B Running high jump 22 P 2+ U B Russian naymaking 46 P or S 8+ L M School ball 9 P 4+ L M U G Schoolroom games 41 Seventy-yard dash 34 P 2+ U B Shadow tag 51 P 5+ L M Shuttle jumping 23 P 6+ M U Shuttle relay race 39 P 8+ M U Singing games 41 Single relay race 39 P 8+ M U Sixty-ynrd dash 34 P 2+ U B Skating 47 Skeeing 47 84 Plays and Games for Schools. Page Snatch the bean bag 47 P 8+ M U Standing broad jump 23 P 2+ M U B Standing hop, step, and jump 24 P 2+ M U B Swimming 48 Tag games 48 Three deep 51 P 12+ M b Three iegged race 39 P 4+ M i) B Throwing the lariat 51 P 14+ M UBorG Tommy Tiddler's ground 43 P 5+ L M Trades 52 P 8+ L M Tug of war 53 P 6+ M I Two-hundred-twenty-yard relav race 35 P 5 U B Two-hundred twenty-yard run 35 P 2+ H S B Volley hall 9 p 2+ b What is my thought like 53 S or P 2 + What time is it? : '-l P 2+ M U Wheelbarrow race 40 p 4+ M I B Wolf o4 P 5+ M U Yards off 20 p 6+ L M U GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Apparatus 55 Apparatus for high jump 57 Athletic badges 70 Balls 55 Bean bags 5 5 Books on games and playgrounds 7 b Boys' and girls' games xiv Cautions xv County field day 6 7 Ethical value of play x Flying rings 60 Giant stride 63 "Give them a place to play" xviii Group games xiv Gymnastics xv Health viii Horizontal bar 57 Illustrations Balls 56 Baseball throw 69 Burr Jones playground 66 Captain ball 5 Giant stride 64 Line relay race 37 Maypole dance ii Potato race 6 8 Racine county schools athletic meet 72 Relay race 6 8 Score cards 73-75 Standard for high jump 58 Swing and flying rings 60 Teeter totters 62 Teeter totters (detail) 63 Trophies 69 86 General Index. page Independence Day celebrations xii Index to games 78 Introduction vii Jump standards 57 Law requiring instruction in games and playground manage- ment xiii List of books 76 Manufacturers of playground apparatus 65 Marking xvi Party games 28 Playgrounds xvi Play rooms xvii Plays and games for schools 1 Racine County field day 6 7-69; 72-75 Ready-made apparatus 65 Rural schools and play xi Sand box 6 4 School work x Schoolroom games 41 Score cards 73-75 Selection of games xv Shade xvi Slides 65 Succe-s * x Supervision of play by the teacher xiii Swings 59 Table of contents v Team events ^0 Teeter totters 6 * LE N'U , \Y (