PE 1144 
 
 1830 
 
 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
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THE 
 
 AS? a3LTO25jL1 mELM£&&§mz 
 
 DESIGNED FOR 
 
 FAMILIES AND SCHOOLS 
 
 ©mtetr States of America, 
 
 AND FOR 
 
 FOREIGNERS LEARNING ENGLISH. 
 
 BY WILLIAM S. CARDELL* 
 
 To exalt a free people, teach their Children. 
 
 REVISED BY M. T. LEAVElfwORTH, ESQ. 
 
 ■■"M > 9 ® 
 
 JfttlaTielpita: 
 URIAH HUNT, No. 147 MARKET STREET. 
 
 STEREOTYPED BY L. JOHNSON. 
 
 1830. H 
 

 < 1 'XO 
 
 Eastern District of Pennsylvania, to wit: 
 
 BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the fifteenth day of March, in the fifty- 
 fourth year of the Independence of the United States of America, A. D. 1830, 
 URIAH HUNT, of the said District, has deposited in this office the title of a 
 book, the right whereof he claims as proprietor, in the words following, to wit: 
 
 "The Analytical Spelling-book; designed for Families and Schools in the 
 United States of America, and for Foreigners learning English, by William 
 S. Cardell. 
 
 To exalt a free people, teach their Children. 
 Revised by M. T. Leavenworth, Esq. 
 
 In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, entitled, " An 
 Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, 
 and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein 
 mentioned ;" and also to an Act, entitled, " An Act supplementary to an Act, 
 entitled, 'An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies 
 of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during 
 the times therein mentioned,' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of 
 designing, engraving, and etching, historical and other prints." 
 
 D. CALDWELL, 
 Clerk of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 
 
 £ 9 
 
 O 7 
 
There is some degree of assuming confidence necessarily implied in 
 offering a new work to the public. This is especially the case, if it 
 treats of a subject which has previously employed many other pens. 
 The author can, therefore, hardly expect the community to excuse him 
 for addino- this little volume to the multitude now in use, unless it shall 
 exhibit some improvement. If it should facilitate the present course of 
 elementary instruction, it will need no apology. After the laudable 
 efforts of others, there appeared sufficient room for melioration to war- 
 rant the present attempt. 
 
 The author would, of course, appear with a bad grace, in extolling 
 his own labors, or decrying those of others. He has, on this delicate 
 point, but one plain statement to make. His work is not a copy, nor 
 collection of extracts, from former publications. Whatever this volume 
 may be in other respects, it was the intention to make it, in plan and 
 execution, original in all its parts ; employing only the crude materials 
 essential to such a structure. Literary pilfering is as base in its nature, 
 and as pernicious in its consequences, as any other species of felony, and 
 ought to be treated with equal reprehension. 
 
 This little work is an essay, the result of many years' study, reflec- 
 tion, and practical experience in various branches of instruction. If it 
 should be well received, it will be rigidly revised in a second edition, 
 amended by every useful hint suggested, and will be followed by another 
 volume, giving a more enlarged and scientific view of the nature, modi- 
 fications, and analogies of our language. 
 
 The attention of a nation has never been called to a subject of higher 
 importance than that of education, as a great public interest in the Uni- 
 ted States. The readiest means to elevate our national character, is to 
 improve the schools, and raise the estimation in which teachers are held, 
 as a most valuable class of citizens. A general and enlightened course 
 of instruction, in this new country, would run, through a million chan- 
 nels, into national wealth and strength, felicity and honor. Intellectual 
 and moral improvement would lead to the developement of our physical 
 resources : it would give consistency, efficiency, and permanence to our 
 institutions, with union at home, and commanding respect abroad. 
 
 Every distinguished American is bound to lend his aid, to a reasonable 
 extent, in favor of sound learning ; and, as to the nature of this obliga- 
 tion, it matters not whether the individual holds power and influence 
 by the suffrage of his fellow-men, or by the immediate gift of Al- 
 mighty God, m the superior endowments he may possess. 
 
 3 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 A Spelling-Book is not the place for an elaborate dissertation 
 on the philosophy of language \ but for the practical exhibition of 
 what the best usage has established. Some explanations, necessary 
 for understanding the plan of the present work, are reserved for 
 a second volume. A few general ideas respecting it, will not be 
 improper in this place. 
 
 The first books used for children, have an important influence on 
 the attainments and habits of future years. If they cOuld be made 
 what they ought to be, they would combine an intimate knowledge 
 of the operations of the mind ; the most exalted precepts in religion 
 and morals; extensive attainments in literature and science : expe- 
 rience in the active and varied scenes of life ; familiar acquaintance 
 with the relations, associations, and trials, which most deeply in- 
 terest the heart ; and present the choicest lessons, drawn from these 
 varied sources, in the style of the child's own artless playfulness. 
 Yet all that human talent can ever attain in this career, is but an 
 approximation to what an ardent and expanded mind would desire. 
 The books of elementary instruction must lay the foundation on 
 which the whole superstructure of individual and national great- 
 ness must be erected. Language is the great instrument of all 
 science and all kinds of business ; of private and public inter- 
 course, in jill their forms: and correct spelling and pronunciation 
 are the basis of language. These, in particular, should become, not 
 merely a branch of learning, but an inwrought habit, in early life. 
 If these preparatory attainments are not acquired in school, the de- 
 fect is seldom remedied elsewhere: and I have known very few 
 graceful speakers, who did not become measurably so from the 
 Spelling-Book. 
 
 In acquiring a good pronunciation, and impressing it on the 
 memory with the force of habit, much more depends on a judicious 
 classification, according to the most striking coincidences, than on 
 any possible mode of marking single words. This method is, at the 
 same time, the most effectual barrier against the encroachments 
 of ignorance, pedantry, and affectation, in changing the language; 
 for it is exceedingly difficult to corrupt words by whole classes. 
 Under a judicious system, it depends chiefly on memory and do- 
 cility, to acquire the habit of articulating with correctness and ease ; 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 and these are the particular faculties of the child. Our progress in 
 language, as well as in almost every thing else, greatly depends on 
 beginning well. 
 
 Thjre is a mechanical facility in the organs of speech, which is 
 to be acquired only by practice. This practical readiness is more 
 rapid than logical inferences or rules of grammar, though it should 
 be conformable to both. This is best attained in early life.; because 
 then the organs are mosf flexible, and the mind most free from dis- 
 tracting pursuits. In acquiring a new language, the man of exten- 
 sive attainments has a great advantage, in comprehending and ap- 
 plying general principles, from the analogy of things known before ; 
 but he has to contend with fixed habits, difficult to change. The 
 child is compensated for his want of .knowledge by his greater plia- 
 bility. There are many reasons calculated to give the Spelling- 
 Book a more extensive sway than the Dictionary, over the language 
 of a country. It is first in order, and pre-occupies the mind. In 
 the Dictionary, the alphabetical arrangement ncessarily presents 
 the words, one by one, without exhibiting the analogies from which 
 the principles are deduced, and which might satisfy the understand- 
 ing, and fasten on the memory by association. The marked accent 
 of each word is presented, as the arbitrary decision of the author, 
 on that single word. The Spelling- Book, on the contrary, ought 
 to analyze the language on scientific principles, according to the 
 distinctive characters of its several parts. The impossibility of 
 laying down the English language correctly, by wading through it, 
 word by word, without any system of classification, is seen by in- 
 specting the best Dictionaries. We find in Johnson, to inwreathe, 
 to unwreath; inferiotzr, superior; anterfowr, posterior; exterior, in- 
 teriowr; intercessour, predecessor ; thraZZ, bethraZ ; mthraZZ, disen- 
 thraZ; staZZ, forcstaZ; instaZZ, re-insta^; faZZ, overfaZZ, befa/Z, downfaZ; 
 miscaZ, recaZ/; ambassadour, embassador; to clothe, to uncloath; and 
 a hundred other instances of direct contradiction, which we can ac- 
 count for in no other way than by supposing that even Dr. Johnson, 
 in writing the latter, forgot how he had spelled the former or cor- 
 relative words. 
 
 This volume is divided into Chapters, for the more distinct un- 
 derstanding of its several parts. 
 
 The first Chapter contains a bare sketch of the elementary prin- 
 ciples of the language. Its contents are, the Key to the Vowel 
 Sounds ki pages 11 and 12, and the Alphabets, Roman, Italic, and 
 Old English, these are all that this chapter contains. It seemed to 
 the author, a useless practice, to give a long illustration of the 
 powers of consonants at the beginning of a Spelling-Book, as they 
 are wholly useless to children, until they have acquired a know- 
 ledge of the whole Spelling-Book. And after this, they might better 
 learn them from a well-digested school dictionary. 
 
 Those tables of words which form the foundation and general 
 body of the language, are comprehended in the second Ckapter. 
 
 A% 
 
VI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 By pursuing this course, the child becomes familiar with general 
 principles, before his mind is perplexed by anomalies, exceptions, 
 and absurd contradictions. His course is regularly progressive, 
 and he has nothing to unlearn. If, for instance, the scholar should 
 find the words blood and flood in his first lessons, and he is taught, 
 as a matter of course, to give double o the sound of short u, his 
 irresistible inference is, that this is their true and proper sound. 
 He naturally applies this sound to these let f ers wherever he finds 
 them. Suppose, again, he should find the words door and floor. 
 These last words, like those instanced before, are the only primi- 
 tives in the language which have a like character. When the child 
 has learned these irregular pronunciations, he is worse off than 
 before ; because they give him a false idea of the principles which 
 are to guide his future progress. The time occupied in learning 
 these irregularities, with the child's first lessons, is the least part of 
 the mischief. His labor is doubled in learning and unlearning; his 
 mind is misled; his ardor is checked-, because he finds himself em- 
 barrassed with inconsistencies, which, with his best exertions, he 
 cannot reconcile. An absurd custom has long prevailed, of dividing 
 easy from hard words, by counting the letters they respectively 
 contain. This practice has been as troublesome in its effect, as it is 
 unphilosophic and untrue in its nature. The word strove is easier 
 than the word do ; because in the first all the letters have their 
 usual and proper sound : the latter is an irregular and accidental 
 sound of single o, found in less than a dozen words in the whole 
 English vocabulary. Load is called a regular or plain word : it is 
 the prevailing sound of oa. Broad is irregular; because it is an 
 accidental sound of oa, found in only three primitive English words. 
 It is the intention to include in the Chapter of Plain Words, such 
 only as have their component parts made up of the fundamental 
 principles, and to refer all others to the Chapter of Irregulars. 
 
 The plan of dividing the irregular words, as exhibited in the 
 third Chapter, will probably need little explanation. 
 
 This volume will be found to contain about ten thousand dif- 
 ferent words; such as form the substantial body of the English lan- 
 guage, as now actually used by the best writers. 
 
 In the three Tables of Distinctive Definitions, it is intended to 
 lay the foundation for a just discrimination of those numerous 
 words, so puzzling to natives and foreigners, by their similarity, 
 some of which are not yet well settled, and in the use of which, the 
 best scholars are liable to mistake. 
 
 The author has long reflected on the importance of a scientific, 
 classification of words, according to their analogies, in elementary 
 books of instruction. The necessity of such a system, has been 
 more strongly impressed on his mind by the inquiries and remarks 
 of learned foreigners, and by seeing what has been done by the 
 French, Spaniards, and Italians, to give at least a great compara- 
 tive regularity to their languages. When the stranger of extensive 
 
INTRODUCTION. VII 
 
 attainments wishes to be instructed in English, it is not enough to 
 tell him how a single word is pronounced. He constantly inquires 
 what other words come under the same rule; how are they distin- 
 guished ; and on what principle does their pronunciation depend. 
 The child has need of the same instruction, but cannot express it ; 
 for he has not discretion to direct his inquiries, nor experience to 
 know his wants. 
 
 The analysis of a language, on philosophic principles, is the same 
 thing, in substance, which Lord Bacon pointed out, as being so impor- 
 tant in the acquisition and extension of all human knowledge. It 
 is analogous to that adopted by Linneus in his System of Nature. 
 A similar system of elementary classification, by Lavoisier and 
 others, rescued chymistry from the jargon of the alchy mists, and 
 laid the basis for the subsequent rapid improvements in that valu- 
 able science. Such a system is applicable to language, and calcu- 
 lated greatly to facilitate its attainment. It is founded in the logic 
 of nature, which lies concealed in the mind of the child, though he 
 is unconscious of it. Such a classification, alone, can illustrate the 
 general rules of the language, the exceptions under those rules, and 
 their relations to each other. It is presented at once to the eye; 
 comes within the reach of the child, and, with him, may become a 
 settled habit, before he is capable of reasoning on so complex a 
 subject. It is a guard against needless innovation, while it tends 
 to guide, not produce, a gradual change towards greater regularity, 
 according to the best rules of scholarship and taste. In speaking 
 thus, the author of this humble work would not willingly be thought 
 the advocate of a wild and impracticable theory ; and he hopes not 
 to be misunderstood. He is strongly opposed to innovating upon 
 principles which time has sanctioned and habit confirmed. It is 
 his design, consulting the best examples, in writing and speaking, 
 to represent the English language such as it is. A slight attention 
 to the subject, however, will show, that, both in England and 
 America, there is a wide difference in practice, among the best 
 scholars ; not confined to a few words, but extending to thousands. 
 Johnson and Walker, chiefly, have been taken as the guides in the 
 present work. Sheridan, Nares, Ash, Kenrick, Scott, Entick, 
 Ainsworth, Elphinston, and others, have been consulted. The 
 latest publications of learned English societies and individuals have 
 been carefully examined ; and, in conversation with well educated 
 persons of both countries, the author has sought to make himself 
 acquainted with the best practice. He would not presume to change 
 what is already settled ; but, where the best English scholars are 
 inconsistent with thfigtselves, or stand in opposition to each other, 
 he has taken the liberty to choose between them. This has not 
 been heedlessly done. He has been at great pains to examine prin- 
 ciples, compare authorities, and to trace the etymology and pro- 
 gress of the word to its present form. The explanation of many 
 seeming absurdities is found by investigating the history of the Ian- 
 
Till INTRODUCTION. 
 
 guage. We, at first, wonder at the anomalous pronunciation of 
 the word women : but when we find that in the later Saxon, and in 
 English, to a period comparatively recent, it was spelled wymman 
 or wimman in the singular, and wimmen in the plural, the pronun- 
 ciation is accounted for, and the objection arises against such a 
 needless change in the written word. In yeoman, Mr. Walker 
 gives the sound of long o in the first syllable : Doctor Johnson states 
 positively, that it has the sound of short t ; and on his authority, 
 with that of Dean Swift,. Sheridan^ Scott, Barclay, and several 
 others, I have ventured to place it under this accent, with every 
 analogous word in the language except people* 
 
 The author, as a teacher, a father, and a citizen, has long seen, 
 with regret, the deficiency of most of the reading books with which 
 our schools are furnished. He is aware of the extreme difficulty 
 of combining the most useful instruction with just principles ; 
 clothing both in words adapted to the capacity of a child, and in- 
 timately connecting them with those endearing associations which 
 shall fasten on the memory ; guide the actions, and deeply interest 
 the heart. Children know nothing of virtue and vice, nor of any 
 thing else, in the abstract. The ideas attached to these current 
 words are among the most complex in the language. Their meaning 
 is gathered from experience, which the juvenile mind does not pos- 
 sess ; from a train of inferences drawn from various facts and rela- 
 tions. The world of the child lies within the little horizon which 
 limits the perceptions of his outward senses. All his ideas of right 
 and wrong have direct reference to himself and those who imme- 
 diately surround him; and he deems the rest of mankind good or 
 bad, as they are well or ill affected to those he holds dear. 
 
 If the reading lessons in this little volume should meet the eye 
 of the learned scholar, he will recollect that they are not written 
 for him; but for the dawning mind, to whom nothing is trivial, 
 which presents a good moral, or a pleasing allusion, and whose vo- 
 cabulary is too limited for the higher ornaments of style. 
 
 In penning these readings, several considerations were presented. 
 Something was wanted, in American schools, to replace the les- 
 sons, which have been copied from book /o book, since the reign 
 of Queen Anne. Though some of these hackneyed pieces are 
 among the standard specimens of English literature, they are not 
 well adapted to the minds of American children. It is the inten- 
 tion, in the present work, to advance principles suited to the rising 
 generation, in the United States. The characters, the objects, the 
 illustrations, are American: the doctrines and sentiments are in- 
 tended to be so. ^P> 
 
 This work will not be brought into notice by its devotion to those 
 artificial distinctions of rank, which state policy has established, in 
 other countries, and which have been too servilely venerated in this. 
 Moral grandeur is the true glory of a free nation. If any effort of 
 the author's pen, should have some small influence on the minds of 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 American children, that influence will be exerted to exalt the 
 honest, industrious farmer, and mechanic ; not to represent them as 
 low, and vile* because they are useful : not to draw the division 
 line between patrician and plebeian ; but between virtue, and vice; 
 intelligence, and ignorance; solid worth, and empty pride. 
 
 Beasts, reptiles and insects are not represented, in this volume, 
 as the equals of rational beings : because such a supposition is re- 
 pugnant to nature, science, and correct moral sentiment. Most of 
 the fables so long employed in the schools, are particularly im- 
 proper for small children, who should be taught by literal exam- 
 ples, before they can comprehend figures of rhetoric, or draw 
 inferences from remote hints. The proper use of fables is to in- 
 struct or warn those who would not rightly hear the truth direct. 
 Within these limits the turn of a parable may often add great force 
 to monitory truth or moral inculcation, and may claim the sanction 
 of high authority. The fancy of converting inferior animals into 
 " teachers of children" has been carried to ridiculous extravagance. 
 To represent a she goat as nurturing a boy and justly receiving on 
 that account, the love or respect due to a mother, is as false in 
 morals as it is in philosophy. Brutes may be brought into the sys- 
 tem of instruction, as parts in Natural History ; as playful images ; 
 or as objects of attachment in a subordinate degree ; but the feel- 
 ings of gratitude, affection, and respect, in all higher forms, can 
 only exist among intelligent beings, in their relations to each other. 
 We may with equal ease say that a certain good child is diligent, 
 from a sense of duty and honorable ambition, or that the bee and 
 ant are so, from the instinct of their nature. The former lesson is 
 more impressive as well as more just. 
 
 Children are particularly impatient, at being long confined at any 
 one thing. Their minds are not formed for deep investigations, or 
 for reasoning upon abstract ideas : yet even the diversity in which 
 children delight, is not inconsistent with a closely connected series 
 of events. Well written narratives are therefore best adapted to 
 their wants and capacities. The interest in the persons and things 
 presented to the mind, may be increased by their relation to each 
 other, or to a common bond of union, to which the young reader 
 may have been previously attached. He becomes acquainted with 
 the personage of whom he reads, and is drawn to him by affection, 
 respect, and sympathy, as to a present friend. He goes with him, 
 and feels a lively interest in all that concerns him. Children will 
 better peruse the same amount of matter in connexion, than in 
 parts entirely detached. The mind is enlivened, and the memory 
 aided by the association of each particular subject, with a chain of 
 events, and with persons in whose behalf the feelings are enlisted ; 
 and for the justness of these general principles, we may appeal to 
 the reasonings of the mental philosopher, and the experience of 
 every judicious teacher. 
 
ANALYTICAL SPELLING-BOOK. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 KEY OF ENGLISH VOWEL SOUNDS AND MARKS OF 
 ACCENT, AS USED IN THIS VOLUME. 
 
 By a vowel, is meant a pure, simple, un- 
 mingled sound: such as is prolonged at plea- 
 sure, merely by the breath, without moving 
 the organs of speech. The five sounds of a, 
 two of e, four of o, two of u, and the short i% an- 
 swer this description. Long i, at, in fair, or a 
 in fare, ou in our, oi in oil, are diphthongs; and 
 by this term is meant, throughout this work, 
 an intimate combination of two vowels, both 
 sounded, in the same syllable. It is essential 
 also to a diphthong, that it is not resolvable, 
 by analysis, into the plain, simple, and direct j 
 sounds of the letters which compose it. W 
 is sounded like u, both single and in combi- 
 nations; and y, like i: both are always vowels. 
 
 There are eighteen vowel sounds in the 
 English language, fourteen simple vowels, 
 and four diphthongs. 
 
 Figure. Marks of Vowel Sounds. 
 
 1 represents the long sounds of all the 
 
 vowels. 
 
 2 represents the short sounds. 
 
 3 represents the sound of broad a, in k\\, 
 
 nor. 
 
 li 
 
4 represents short broad a, in what, not, wan. 
 
 5 represents the Italian a, in fdr, balm, Sh. 
 
 6 represents double o proper, in spdon, 
 
 move, s&up. 
 
 7 represents double o short, in book, bull, 
 
 should. 
 
 8 represents the diphthong oi, in dil, cdin, 
 
 -cldy. 
 
 9 represents the diphthong ou, in pound, 
 
 vow. 
 
 a represents the diphthongal ai, in chair 
 fair, ay. 
 
 6 shows that the letter o, is sounded like 
 short u, as in love, won. 
 
 6 g. The inverted comma before g, shows 
 it to be hard before e, i, or y. 
 
 S,in Italic, sounds like z: th, is flat as in this: 
 all other letters printed in Italic are silent. 
 
 It is a quality of the letter r, to produce a 
 break on .any vowel, forcibly pronounced, im- 
 mediately preceding it: because, that in gli- 
 ding from the sound of any vowel, to the 
 letter r, the organs of speech must pass over 
 that position, which forms short e. Thus, 
 lore has the same sound as low-er; hire, the 
 same as high-er; and pure, the same as the 
 Latin word pu-er. There is a strong tendency 
 in this letter to give to a preceding a, e, or i, 
 a more harsh and guttural sound, as in her, 
 bird, verse, and many other words. 
 
 A mark of accent, placed over a word, 
 stands also for all following words, to the next 
 mark of accent. 
 
( 13) 
 
 
 THE ALPHABET. 
 
 
 
 
 -0©0- 
 
 
 Roman. 
 
 Italic. 
 
 Old English. 
 
 Name. 
 
 a A 
 
 a A 
 
 » & 
 
 a 
 
 b B 
 
 b B 
 
 ft M 
 
 be 
 
 c C 
 
 c C 
 
 t e 
 
 ce 
 
 d D 
 
 d D 
 
 tr m 
 
 de 
 
 e E 
 
 e E 
 
 C iS 
 
 e 
 
 f F 
 
 f F 
 
 t iF 
 
 ef 
 
 g G 
 
 g G 
 
 S «£ 
 
 je 
 
 h H 
 
 h H 
 
 ti m 
 
 aitch 
 
 i I 
 
 i I 
 
 i * 
 
 i 
 
 J J 
 
 J J 
 
 ! $ 
 
 J a 
 
 k K 
 
 k K 
 
 it n 
 
 ka 
 
 1 L 
 
 I L 
 
 i & 
 
 el 
 
 m M 
 
 m M 
 
 m m 
 
 em 
 
 n N 
 
 n N 
 
 n $L 
 
 en 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o # 
 
 o 
 
 P P 
 
 P P 
 
 » ¥ 
 
 pe 
 
 q Q 
 
 9 Q 
 
 <t <& 
 
 cu 
 
 r R 
 
 r R 
 
 v M 
 
 ar 
 
 8 S 
 
 s S 
 
 8 M 
 
 es 
 
 t T 
 
 t T 
 
 t © 
 
 te 
 
 u U 
 
 u V 
 
 tt WL 
 
 u 
 
 v V 
 
 v V 
 
 fc $T 
 
 ve 
 
 w W 
 
 w W 
 
 m 20 
 
 double u 
 
 x X 
 
 x X 
 
 r x 
 
 eks 
 
 y y 
 
 y y 
 
 » a? 
 
 wi, or ye 
 
 z Z 
 
 z Z 
 
 ? -z 
 
 ze 
 
 • fF 
 
 ffl 
 
 A a 
 
 ffi 
 
 1 2 3 
 
 4 5 6 
 
 7 8 9 10 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 B 
 
 
 
 
( 14) 
 
 
 ROMAN LETTERS. 
 
 ABCDEFG HI JKLMNO 
 
 
 PaRSTUVWXYZ 
 
 al 
 
 b c defghij klmnopq 
 
 
 rstuvwxyz 
 
 LESSONS 1 2 3 4 
 
 
 a h c 
 
 ij k 
 
 o r f 
 
 q 
 
 
 b 
 
 d 
 
 P 
 
 w x y 
 
 
 e s g 
 
 1 m ri 
 
 t u V 
 
 z 
 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 
 TABLE I. 
 
 Union of letters in forming syllables, with a few plain 
 
 
 words intelligible to young children. 
 
 
 LESSON 1. LESSON 2. 
 
 Ba 
 
 ca # da fa ga 
 
 ha ja ka la ma 
 
 be 
 
 de fe 
 
 he je ke le me 
 
 bi 
 
 di fi 
 
 hi ji ki li mi 
 
 bo 
 
 co do fo go 
 
 ho jo ko lo mo 
 
 bu 
 
 cu da fu gu 
 
 hu ju ku lu mu 
 
 by 
 
 dy fy 
 
 hy ky ly my 
 
 
 LESSON 3. LESSON 4. 
 
 na 
 
 pa ra sa ta 
 
 va wa ya za ca # 
 
 ne 
 
 pe re se te 
 
 ve we ye ze ci 
 
 ni 
 
 pi ri si ti 
 
 vi wi yi zi cy 
 
 no 
 
 po ro so to 
 
 vo wo yo zo ge* 
 
 nu 
 
 pu ru su tu 
 
 vu yu zu gi 
 
 ny 
 
 py ry sy ty 
 
 vy wy zy gy 
 
 * 
 
 C before a, o» and w, sounded like k. C before c, z, and v, like s. 
 
 J G before e, i, and jr, likey. 
 

 
 (15) 
 
 
 
 
 LESSON 5. 
 
 
 LESSON 6. 
 
 
 ac 
 
 ab ad af 
 
 ag 
 
 ah 
 
 ak al am 
 
 an 
 
 ec 
 
 eb ed ef 
 
 eg 
 
 
 ek el em 
 
 en 
 
 ic 
 
 ib id if 
 
 ig 
 
 
 ik il im 
 
 in 
 
 oc 
 
 ob od of 
 
 °g 
 
 oh 
 
 ok ol om 
 
 on 
 
 uc 
 
 ub ud uf 
 
 ug 
 
 
 uk ul urn 
 
 un 
 
 
 LESSON 7. 
 
 
 LESSON 8. 
 
 
 ap 
 
 ar as at 
 
 av 
 
 ax 
 
 ay az ba 
 
 ab 
 
 ep 
 
 er es et 
 
 ev 
 
 ex 
 
 ez da 
 
 ad 
 
 J P 
 
 ir is it 
 
 iv 
 
 ix 
 
 iz pa 
 
 ap 
 
 op 
 
 or os ot 
 
 ov 
 
 ox 
 
 6y oz ma 
 
 ant 
 
 up 
 
 ur us ut 
 
 uv 
 
 ux 
 
 uz na 
 
 an 
 
 
 LESSON 9. 
 
 
 LESSON 10. 
 sla pra 
 
 
 bla 
 
 cla fla 
 
 gla 
 
 pla 
 
 era 
 
 ble 
 
 cle fle 
 
 gle 
 
 pie 
 
 ste bre 
 
 ere 
 
 bli 
 
 cli fli 
 
 gli 
 
 pli 
 
 sli bri 
 
 cri 
 
 bio 
 
 clo flo 
 
 glo 
 
 plo 
 
 slo bro 
 
 cro 
 
 blu 
 
 clu flu 
 
 glu 
 
 plu 
 
 slu bru 
 
 cru 
 
 bly 
 
 cly fly 
 
 gty 
 
 ply 
 
 sly bry 
 
 cry 
 
 
 LESSON 11. 
 
 
 LESSON 12. 
 
 
 tha 
 
 ska spa 
 
 sta 
 
 swa 
 
 scu alp 
 
 ect 
 
 the 
 
 ske spe 
 
 ste 
 
 swe 
 
 scef alt 
 
 ish 
 
 thi 
 
 ski spi 
 
 sti 
 
 swi 
 
 scif elb 
 
 urd 
 
 tho 
 
 sko spo 
 
 sto 
 
 swo 
 
 scyf ilb 
 
 apt 
 
 thu 
 
 sku spu 
 
 stu 
 
 sea 
 
 alb ol-b 
 
 ust 
 
 thy 
 
 sky spy 
 
 sty 
 
 SCO 
 
 aid ulb 
 
 eth 
 
 
 t See, sri, scy^ pronounced 
 
 ikes^, si, sy. 
 
 
( 16 ) 
 
 LESSON 13. 
 
 dra fra gra pra 
 
 dre fre gre pre 
 
 dri fri gri pri 
 
 dro fro gro pro 
 
 dru fru gru pru 
 
 dry fry gry pry 
 
 LESSON 15 
 
 fan ten dam nut 
 
 pan pin ram bit 
 
 man tin hop nit 
 
 din win sop pit 
 
 men run top cup 
 
 pen sun cut sup 
 
 chra 
 
 chre 
 
 chri 
 
 chro 
 
 chru 
 
 chry 
 
 LESSON 17. 
 
 spla 
 
 sple 
 
 spli 
 
 splo 
 
 splu 
 
 spiy 
 
 LESSON 14. 
 
 tra cha pha sha 
 
 tre che phe she 
 
 tri chi phi shi 
 
 tro cho pho sho 
 
 tru chu phu shu 
 
 try chy phy shy 
 
 LESSON 16. 
 
 bid bog rum fox 
 
 did dog sum but 
 
 bag hog tax mop 
 
 nag cot wax nip 
 
 bug hot six bad 
 
 hug hut box rod 
 
 LESSON 18. 
 
 sera 
 
 spra 
 
 stra 
 
 sere 
 
 spre 
 
 stre 
 
 sen 
 
 spn 
 
 stri 
 
 scro 
 
 spro 
 
 stro 
 
 scru 
 
 spru 
 
 stru 
 
 scry 
 
 spry 
 
 stry 
 
 thra 
 thre 
 thri 
 thro 
 thru 
 thry 
 
 Note. — It will be thought by some, that several of the 
 foregoing lessons are too difficult for learners, in their first 
 attempts at spelling; there is no doubt of the fact. The 
 teacher may therefore select, at pleasure, such as are most 
 agreeable to his views ; the learner may then pass to Table 
 2, where he will find the easiest sounds, and the easiest 
 lessons, and continue his progress through Table 5. 
 

 
 ( 17 
 
 ) 
 
 
 
 
 TABLE II. 
 
 
 Monosyllables ending in e 
 
 final, having the regular 
 
 long sounds of the vowels, followed by 
 
 others, ending 
 
 in a single consonanl 
 
 :, exemplifying the short sounds of 
 
 the vowels. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 LESSON 1. 
 
 
 bile 
 
 male 
 
 vale 
 
 face 
 
 race 
 
 dale 
 
 pale 
 
 wale 
 
 lace 
 
 bad 
 
 gale 
 
 sale 
 
 babe 
 
 mace 
 
 fade 
 
 hale 
 
 tale 
 
 dace 
 
 pace 
 
 jade 
 
 
 
 LESSON 2. 
 
 
 lade 
 
 gage 
 
 wage 
 
 lake 
 
 take 
 
 made 
 
 page 
 
 ake 
 
 make 
 
 wake 
 
 safe 
 
 rage 
 
 bake 
 
 rake 
 
 came 
 
 cage 
 
 sage 
 
 cake 
 
 sake 
 
 dame 
 
 
 
 LESSON 3. 
 
 
 fame 
 
 same 
 
 fane 
 
 sane 
 
 nape 
 
 game 
 
 tame 
 
 lane 
 
 vane 
 
 rape 
 
 lame 
 
 bane 
 
 mane 
 
 wane 
 
 tape 
 
 name 
 
 cane 
 
 pane 
 
 cape 
 
 are 
 
 
 
 LESSON 4. 
 
 
 bare 
 
 mare 
 
 base 
 
 date 
 
 mate 
 
 care 
 
 pare 
 
 case 
 
 fate 
 
 pate 
 
 dare 
 
 rare 
 
 rase 
 
 gate 
 
 rate 
 
 fare 
 
 tare 
 
 vase 
 
 hate 
 
 sate 
 
 hare 
 
 ware 
 
 bate 
 
 late 
 
 cave 
 
 
 
 LESSON 5. 
 
 
 gave 
 
 save 
 
 cede 
 
 mere 
 
 bibe 
 
 hive 
 
 wave 
 
 eke 
 
 sere 
 
 gibe 
 
 nave 
 
 gaze 
 
 ere 
 
 fete 
 
 ice 
 
 pave 
 
 haze 
 
 cere 
 
 mete 
 
 dice 
 
 .rave 
 
 maze 
 
 here 
 
 eve 
 
 lice 
 
 b2 
 

 
 ( 
 
 18) 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 LESSON 6. 
 
 
 
 dice 
 
 side 
 
 mile 
 
 kine 
 
 dire 
 
 site 
 
 lice 
 
 tide 
 
 pile 
 
 line 
 
 fire 
 
 dive 
 
 mice 
 
 wide 
 
 tile 
 
 mine 
 
 hire 
 
 five 
 
 nice 
 
 fife 
 
 vile 
 
 nine 
 
 mire 
 
 live 
 
 rice 
 
 rife 
 
 wile 
 
 pine 
 
 sire 
 
 lobe 
 
 
 
 LESS~( 
 
 
 
 tice 
 
 life 
 
 dime 
 
 sine 
 
 tire 
 
 rdbe 
 
 vice 
 
 wife 
 
 lime 
 
 vine 
 
 wire 
 
 bode 
 
 bide 
 
 like 
 
 rime 
 
 wine 
 
 bite 
 
 code 
 
 hide 
 
 pike 
 
 time 
 
 pipe 
 
 cite 
 
 mode 
 
 mde 
 
 bile 
 
 dine 
 
 ripe 
 
 mite 
 
 node 
 
 ride 
 
 file 
 
 fine 
 
 wipe 
 
 rite 
 
 rode 
 
 
 
 LESSON 8. 
 
 
 
 
 A plum cake. 
 
 A ripe peach 
 
 . 
 
 
 A good child. 
 
 A sweet pink 
 
 
 
 
 LESSON 9. 
 
 
 
 bole 
 
 hdme 
 
 gdre 
 
 hdve 
 
 jtme 
 
 brave 
 
 dole 
 
 tome 
 
 lore 
 
 rove 
 
 tune 
 
 braze 
 
 hole 
 
 bone 
 
 more 
 
 wove 
 
 dupe 
 
 bride 
 
 mole 
 
 cone 
 
 pore 
 
 doze 
 
 cure 
 
 brine 
 
 pole 
 
 hone 
 
 sore 
 
 cube 
 
 dure 
 
 brute 
 
 sole 
 
 tone 
 
 tore 
 
 tube 
 
 lure 
 
 chafe 
 
 tole 
 
 zone 
 
 wore 
 
 luce 
 
 mure 
 
 chase 
 
 
 
 lesso: 
 
 
 
 dome 
 
 c6pe 
 
 dose 
 
 ride 
 
 pAre 
 
 chide 
 
 doge 
 
 hope 
 
 cote 
 
 fuge 
 
 lute 
 
 chime 
 
 coke 
 
 mope 
 
 dote 
 
 huge 
 
 mute 
 
 chine 
 
 joke 
 
 pope 
 
 mote 
 
 duke 
 
 blame 
 
 choke 
 
 poke 
 
 rope 
 
 note 
 
 puke 
 
 blaze 
 
 clave 
 
 work 
 
 bore 
 
 rote 
 
 mule 
 
 brace 
 
 clime 
 
 yoke 
 
 core 
 
 vote 
 
 rule 
 
 brake 
 
 cloke 
 
 Note.- 
 
 -It is recommended to teachers, 
 
 to accustom the pupil to 
 
 cailing the words in 
 
 the reading 
 
 lessons, as soon as the 
 
 eye can take 
 
 in the syllables which compose 
 
 them. 
 
 
 T. M. L. 
 
( 19 ) 
 
 '■■' 
 
 LESSON 11. 
 
 
 cldse frame grope pr&ne shdre 
 
 sp&de 
 
 clove flote grove scale slake 
 
 spake 
 
 crane flute place scape slate 
 
 spice 
 
 crape glade plane scrape slave 
 
 spike 
 
 crave glaze plate scate slice 
 
 spine 
 
 craze glebe prame scope slide 
 
 spire 
 
 crime glide prate score slime 
 
 spite 
 
 LESSON 12. 
 
 
 The sky is blue ; the grass is green. 
 
 Pinks smell sweet. Good girls are neat. 
 
 crdne globe price scribe smile 
 
 sprite 
 
 crude grace pride shade smite 
 
 spoke 
 
 drake grade prime shame smoke 
 
 spume 
 
 drive grape prize shape smote 
 
 spruce 
 
 drone grate probe shave snake 
 
 stage 
 
 drove grave prone shine snipe 
 
 stake 
 
 flake graze prore shrine snore 
 
 stale 
 
 flame gripe prude shone space 
 
 stave 
 
 LESSON 13. 
 
 
 Let the best child in school have a good 
 
 ripe red peach, and five blue plumbs 
 
 5, and ten 
 
 grapes, and a nice new book. 
 
 
 The sun looks red like fire: the 
 
 j moon is 
 
 white and bright, and gives light in the night. 
 
 LESSON 14. 
 
 
 g&p bat tax p£g bet 
 
 vex 
 
 hap cat wax gem 4 get 
 
 bib 
 
 lap fat bed hem jet 
 
 fib 
 
 map hat fed den let 
 
 jib 
 
 nap mat led fen met 
 
 nib 
 
 pap pat red hen net 
 
 rib 
 
 rap rat wed men pet 
 
 bid 
 
j 
 
 
 (20) 
 
 
 
 
 
 LESSON 15. 
 
 
 
 lid 
 
 kin 
 
 fit r6b 
 
 % 
 
 dfib 
 
 rid 
 
 pin 
 
 hit sob 
 
 hop 
 
 hub 
 
 big 
 
 sin 
 
 nit cod 
 
 lop 
 
 nub 
 
 dig 
 
 tin 
 
 pit hod 
 
 mop 
 
 rub 
 
 % 
 
 win 
 
 sit nod 
 
 pop 
 
 tub 
 
 fig 
 
 dip 
 
 wit pod 
 
 sop 
 
 bud 
 
 P% 
 
 hip 
 
 fix rod 
 
 top 
 
 cud 
 
 wig 
 
 up 
 
 mix sod 
 
 bot 
 
 mud 
 
 dim 
 
 nip 
 
 six bog 
 
 cot 
 
 bug 
 
 him 
 
 pip 
 
 bob cog 
 
 dot 
 
 dug 
 
 rim 
 
 rip 
 
 cob dog 
 
 got 
 
 hug 
 
 bin 
 
 sip 
 
 fob fog 
 
 hot 
 
 lug 
 
 : din 
 
 tip 
 
 hob hog 
 
 jot 
 
 mug 
 
 fin 
 
 bit 
 
 job jog 
 
 lot 
 
 pug 
 
 gin 
 
 cit 
 
 mob log 
 
 LESSON 16. 
 
 not 
 
 rug r 
 
 Jane, the good girl, can 
 
 spell i 
 
 the whole 
 
 page down, and she is yet but five years old. 
 
 The bad boys make much 
 
 noise in school, 
 
 and will not sit still on the beiich, nor let the 
 
 rest be still, if 
 
 they can help 
 
 it. 
 
 
 Let 
 
 us make the best of -our time, 
 
 and learn 
 
 while 
 
 we can. 
 
 LESSON 17. 
 
 
 
 clog 
 
 driig 
 
 from gr&t 
 
 pldm 
 
 slit 
 
 clot 
 
 drum 
 
 flux glut 
 
 slab 
 
 trap 
 
 crop 
 
 flag 
 
 glad grub 
 
 slap 
 
 tret 
 
 club 
 
 flap 
 
 grab grum 
 
 slat 
 
 trim 
 
 crum 
 
 flat 
 
 glen plan 
 
 slid 
 
 trip 
 
 drab 
 
 flax 
 
 glib plat 
 
 slim 
 
 trod 
 
 drag 
 
 fled 
 
 grig prim 
 
 slip 
 
 trot 
 
 dram 
 
 fret 
 
 grim plod 
 
 slit 
 
 shad 
 
Able 
 
 ba ker 
 
 ca ble 
 
 ma ker 
 
 fa ble 
 
 ra ker 
 
 ga ble 
 
 ta ker 
 
 sa ble 
 
 ba con 
 
 ta ble 
 
 .ba sin 
 
 sta ble 
 
 bale ful 
 
 ca per 
 
 bane ful 
 
 pa per 
 
 base ness 
 
 ta per 
 
 be ing 
 
 (jn 
 
 TABLE III. 
 
 Easy words of two syllables, accented on the first. 
 LESSON 1. 
 
 bi ble cix bit 
 
 bi ped bo lus 
 
 bri er bra zen 
 
 bri nish bro ker 
 
 ca ret bru tal 
 
 case ment a ged 
 
 ca ter a gent 
 
 ci der a pril 
 
 ci tal cli ent 
 
 cu bic cli max 
 
 LESSONS. 
 
 Rain falls from the clouds; and when the 
 sky is clear, and the sun shines, it will not 
 rain, nor snow, nor hail. 
 
 In the spring the grass grows for the cows 
 to eat; and the men plant corn, and sow 
 wheat, and rye, and oats. 
 
 When the grain is ripe, men cut it, and bind 
 it, and it is ground in the mill, to make bread, 
 and cake, and pie-crust. 
 
 LESSON 3, 
 
 cl6 ven di al dri er fi nal 
 
 clo ver di et dri ver fi nis 
 
 cogent diver drover forum 
 
 co Ion do tal dru id fu el 
 
 co quet do tard e ra fli er 
 
 era die do ter e ven flo ral 
 
 cri er du cal e vil flo ret 
 
 cri sis du el e qual flu ent 
 

 ( 
 
 22 ) 
 
 
 
 LESSON 4. 
 
 _ 
 
 hi cid 
 
 6 men 
 
 pe nal 
 
 pii pil 
 
 lu rid 
 
 o pal 
 
 pe tal 
 
 pu trid 
 
 ma tron 
 
 o ral 
 
 pi lot 
 
 qua ker 
 
 me grim 
 
 o val 
 
 pi per 
 
 qua ver 
 
 me ter 
 
 o ver 
 
 pli ant 
 
 qui et 
 
 mo ment 
 
 pa cer 
 
 plo ver 
 
 quo turn 
 
 mu lish 
 
 pa gan 
 
 plu ral 
 
 quo ta 
 
 mu ral 
 
 pa god 
 
 poem 
 
 ra cer 
 
 na ked 
 
 pa pal 
 
 po et 
 
 ra kish 
 
 na tal 
 
 pa rent 
 
 po ker 
 
 re al 
 
 ne gro 
 
 pa ver 
 
 po tent 
 
 re bus 
 
 no ted 
 
 pe dal 
 
 pro em 
 
 re cent 
 
 
 LESSON 5. 
 
 
 The horse is shod 
 
 with i-ron, nail-ed to his \ 
 
 hoofs. The ox has 
 
 horns; and 
 
 his foot is 
 
 split like those of the 
 
 sheep and the hog; but 1 
 
 the horse has his foot whole. 
 
 
 Ox-en, 
 
 and horses 
 
 , and cows. 
 
 , and sheep, 
 
 eat hay and grass; hogs eat corn; boys like 
 
 meat, and cake, and 
 
 pie. 
 
 
 
 LESSON 6. 
 
 
 ri der 
 
 ta king 
 
 tri nal 
 
 vi per 
 
 ri ot 
 
 ta per 
 
 tro ver 
 
 vi tal 
 
 ri val 
 
 ti ler 
 
 tu lip 
 
 vo cal 
 
 ro ver 
 
 ti ling 
 
 tu mid 
 
 vo ter 
 
 sa cred 
 
 tho ral 
 
 tu nic 
 
 wa fer 
 
 sa go 
 
 the sis 
 
 tune ful 
 
 wa ger 
 
 sa tan 
 
 to paz 
 
 tu mult 
 
 wa ver 
 
 sa ving 
 
 to per 
 
 va cant 
 
 wi per 
 
 se cret 
 
 to tal 
 
 va cate 
 
 wo ful 
 
 se rum 
 
 tra der 
 
 ve nal 
 
 ba by 
 
 stu pid 
 
 tri al 
 
 vi and 
 
 bo ny 
 
(23) 
 
 
 
 LESSON 7. 
 
 
 era zy 
 
 grk 
 
 plti my 
 
 sli my 
 
 crude ly 
 
 hol^ 
 
 po ny 
 
 smo ky 
 
 do zy 
 
 i cy 
 
 pory 
 
 sna ky 
 
 du ty 
 
 i vy 
 
 pu ny 
 
 spi cy 
 
 duly 
 
 jury 
 
 que ry 
 
 spi ny 
 
 fine ly 
 
 kind 1) 
 
 r ri ly 
 
 spi ry 
 
 flaky 
 
 la dy 
 
 ropy 
 
 sto ry 
 
 fla my 
 
 la zy 
 
 ru by 
 
 tame ly 
 
 fu my 
 
 ma zy 
 
 sha dy 
 
 ti dy 
 
 fu ry 
 
 mi ry 
 
 shi ny 
 
 time ly 
 
 gory 
 
 na vy 
 
 si zy 
 
 tory 
 
 glo ry 
 
 no bly 
 
 sla ty 
 LESSON 8. 
 
 va ry 
 
 Fish and birds, beasts and in- 
 
 sects, are an-i- j 
 
 mals. Fish have 
 
 fins, and swim in the sea, or ! 
 
 in brooks 
 
 5, Birds have feath-ers and wings, j 
 
 and fly in 
 
 the air. 
 
 Beasts walk 
 
 on the ground.] 
 
 Beasts that have 
 
 four legs are 
 
 cal-led quad- 1 
 
 ru-peds. 
 
 Cat-tie, 
 
 and dogs, ho 
 
 gs, sheep, and 1 
 
 cats, are 
 
 quad-ru- 
 
 peds; they have four legs. — 
 
 Flies, and bugs, bees, spi-ders, 
 
 crick-ets, and 
 
 grass-hop 
 
 >-pers, are in-sects. 
 
 i 
 
 - . 
 
 
 LESSON 9. 
 
 ! 
 
 2 Ab bot 
 
 kn vil 
 
 ban ner 
 
 big ness 
 
 ac rid 
 
 ap pie 
 
 ban ter 
 
 big ot 
 
 ad der 
 
 ar id 
 
 bar on 
 
 billet 
 
 ad vent 
 
 as pen 
 
 bar re] 
 
 bit ter 
 
 after 
 
 as per 
 
 bar ren 
 
 blad der 
 
 al urn 
 
 at las 
 
 bas set 
 
 blank et 
 
 amber 
 
 at om 
 
 bat ter 
 
 bles sed 
 
 am el 
 
 ax is 
 
 bel fry 
 
 bles sing 
 
 am ply 
 
 bab ble bend er 
 
 blis ter 
 

 
 
 
 
 ( 
 
 24 ) 
 
 
 ckn die 
 
 com plex 
 
 drag on 
 
 fin ny 1 
 
 can ter 
 
 con slant 
 
 dres ser 
 
 fis cal 1 
 
 can to 
 
 con sul 
 
 drum mer 
 
 fit ly 1 
 
 can ton 
 
 con tact 
 
 drum stick fitness | 
 
 car at 
 
 con test 
 
 drunk ard 
 
 flag on 1 
 
 car ol 
 
 con text 
 
 dul cet 
 
 flat ter 1 
 
 car rot 
 
 con trast 
 
 dus ty 
 
 flesh y 1 
 
 car ry 
 
 con vent 
 
 ed dy 
 
 flint y 1 
 
 cav il 
 
 cos tal 
 
 el der 
 
 flip pant 
 
 chan nel 
 
 cot ton 
 
 em blem 
 
 frag ment 
 
 chap el 
 
 cud gel 
 
 em met 
 
 fran tic 
 
 chap let 
 
 cul ly 
 
 en ter 
 
 free kle 
 
 chap ter 
 
 cul prit 
 
 en try 
 
 frit ter 
 
 check er 
 
 cum ber 
 
 en vy 
 
 fod der 
 
 chil ly 
 
 cur rent 
 
 ep ic 
 
 folly 
 
 cin der 
 
 cur ry 
 
 er rant 
 
 fon die 
 
 cit y 
 
 cus torn 
 
 ev er 
 
 fond ly 
 
 cit ron 
 
 cut ler 
 
 ex tant 
 
 fos sil 
 
 civ et 
 
 cut ter 
 
 fab ric 
 
 frol ic 
 
 civ ic 
 
 crum ble 
 
 fag ot 
 
 fos ter 
 
 civ il 
 
 dal ly 
 
 fam ish 
 
 ful gent 
 
 clap per 
 
 dap per 
 
 fan cy 
 
 fun nel 
 
 clar et 
 
 dap pie 
 
 fel on 
 
 fur long 
 
 clas sic 
 
 daz zle 
 
 fen der 
 
 fur nish 
 
 clat ter 
 
 den tal 
 
 fen nel 
 
 fus tic 
 
 clem ent 
 
 den tist 
 
 fer ry 
 
 gab ble 
 
 clev er 
 
 des pot 
 
 fes tal 
 
 gal Ion 
 
 clus ter 
 
 dex ter 
 
 fes ter 
 
 gal lop 
 
 clut ter 
 
 die tate 
 
 fet ter 
 
 gam ble 
 
 cred it 
 
 dif fer 
 
 fifty 
 
 gam bier 
 
 crick et 
 
 din ner 
 
 fillet 
 
 gam ut 
 
 crit ic 
 
 dip per 
 
 filly 
 
 gan der 
 
 cob ble 
 
 dis cord 
 
 fil ter 
 
 gant let 1 
 
 „ — = 1 
 
-(2S) 
 
 LESSON 10. 
 
 The ox eats grass. The deer runs fast. 
 The cat kills mice. Fowls have wings, and 
 fly swiftly in the air. 
 
 Beasts can-not speak, nor learn to read; 
 but they can all make some kind of noise. 
 The cats mew and purr; the dog barks. 
 
 LESSON 11. 
 
 gen der grav el ham let be] met 
 
 gen tie grim ly ham mer help er 
 
 gen try grit ty ham per her ring 
 
 gib bet grum ble han die hil lock 
 
 gin ger gul let han dy hil ly 
 
 gipsy gully happy hobble 
 
 gladly gunner has soc hobby 
 
 glim mer gus set hat ter hoi ly 
 
 glit ter gut ter hav oc hop per 
 
 LESSON 12. 
 The li-on roars; lit-tle birds chirp and sing; 
 the old hen clucks; the chick-ens peep; the 
 geese hiss; the ducks quack; the ox-en low; 
 wolves howl; bears growl; apes chat-ter; frogs 
 croak; an owl hoots; mice squeak; lit-tle 
 lambs bleat, and skip, and play about on the 
 green grass. 
 
 LESSON 13. 
 hum bird jes ter in got ket tie 
 
 hum ble jet ty ink y kid nap 
 
 hun dred jin gle in land kirn bo 
 hun ter job ber in let kin die 
 
 hur ry joe ky in mate king dom 
 husky jolly insect kitten 
 
 jab ber ill ness in slant lad der 
 
 o 
 
(26)' __ 
 
 LESSON 14. 
 
 When the lamb grows big, it will have long 
 wool, and be a sheep; and the small calf, by 
 and by, will be a great ox. 
 
 The large oak tree grew from a lit-tle a- 
 corn; and the beech tree from a small nut. 
 
 LESSON 15. 
 lap pet lev el Hn net lAm ber 
 
 lat ent lev er lit ter lus ty 
 
 lat ter lil y liv er mad am 
 
 lav ish lim ber liv id mad man 
 
 lem ma lim bo liv ing mag net 
 
 lemon limit lizard mallet 
 
 lend er lim ner lob by mam mon 
 
 len til lim pid lob ster man date 
 
 lep er lin den lock et man drake 
 
 let ter lin en lodg er man ful 
 
 LESSON 16. 
 
 Men plant peach stones in the ground, and 
 they sprout, and grow, and make peach trees. 
 
 I-ron ore and gold are dug in deep mines. 
 Men heat the ore in a great fire, and ham- 
 mer it into bars. 
 
 man na 
 man ner 
 man tie 
 mar ry 
 mat in 
 mat ter 
 max im 
 mel on 
 mem ber 
 
 mer ry 
 mil ler 
 mim ic 
 mit ten 
 mod est 
 mod ern 
 mon ster 
 mud dy 
 muf fle 
 
 LESSON 17. 
 
 mdm ble 
 mun dane 
 mur der 
 mur mur 
 mus ky 
 mus ket 
 mus ty 
 mut ter 
 nap kin 
 
 n£t tie 
 nev er 
 nib ble 
 nov el 
 nov ice 
 num ber 
 on set 
 ot ter 
 pack et 
 

 ( 
 
 27 ) 
 
 \i 
 
 
 LESSON 18. 
 
 i 
 
 pad lock 
 
 pat tern 
 
 pis tol 
 
 pot ash 
 
 pal ace 
 
 peb ble 
 
 pity 
 
 pot ter 
 
 pam per 
 
 pel let 
 
 plan et 
 
 prof for 
 
 pan ic 
 
 pen man 
 
 plant er 
 
 prox y 
 
 pan try 
 
 pen ny 
 
 plat ter 
 
 prim er 
 
 par ish 
 
 pep per 
 
 plen ty 
 
 print er 
 
 par ry 
 
 pes ter 
 
 plum met 
 
 pub lie 
 
 par rot 
 
 petty 
 
 plun der 
 
 pup pet 
 
 pat ent 
 
 pil fer 
 
 plod der 
 
 pup py 
 
 pat ten 
 
 pip pin 
 
 pock et 
 
 putty 
 
 
 LESSON 19. 
 
 
 The great and good God, who made the 
 
 world, can see all that we do. 
 
 His eye is o- 
 
 ver ev-e-ry one of us, 
 
 He knows all that we 
 
 think; be- 
 
 ■cause he i 
 
 sees our hearts; and no 
 
 wicked work can be hid from His sight. 
 
 
 LESSON 20. 
 
 
 rab it 
 
 ren der 
 
 sal vo 
 
 shiv er 
 
 ral ly 
 
 rev el 
 
 san dal 
 
 sig nal 
 
 ram mer 
 
 ring let 
 
 sat in 
 
 silly 
 
 ram part 
 
 rib bon 
 
 scan ty 
 
 sil ver 
 
 ran dom 
 
 riv er 
 
 scat ter 
 
 sul len 
 
 rap id 
 
 riv et 
 
 seg ment 
 
 sul tan 
 
 rat tie 
 
 rob ber 
 
 sel dom 
 
 sul try 
 
 rav in 
 
 rob in 
 
 sel fish 
 
 tin man 
 
 reb el 
 
 run ner 
 
 sev er 
 
 tin sel 
 
 ref uge 
 
 rus set 
 
 sex ton 
 
 tip pet 
 
 rel ic 
 
 sal ad 
 
 shat ter 
 
 ves tal 
 
 rel ish 
 
 sal ly 
 
 shel ter 
 
 vie tim 
 
 rem nant 
 
 sal ver 
 
 shil ling 
 
 vil la 
 

 ( 
 
 28 ) 
 
 
 
 LESSON 14. 
 
 
 sim mer 
 
 sdm mer 
 
 tip sy 
 
 vis ta 
 
 sim pie 
 
 sum mit 
 
 tit ter 
 
 viv id 
 
 sin ful 
 
 sum mon 
 
 tram mel 
 
 vol ly 
 
 sin ner 
 
 sun set 
 
 turn ble 
 
 vom it 
 
 sis ter 
 
 sup per 
 
 ton ic 
 
 wel kin 
 
 sit ting 
 
 sur ly 
 
 top ic 
 
 wel ter 
 
 six ty 
 
 tab by 
 
 trop ic 
 
 win ter 
 
 skil let 
 
 tab let 
 
 tun nel 
 
 wit ty 
 
 skip per 
 
 tal ent 
 
 tur ban 
 
 ce dar 
 
 slen der 
 
 tal ly 
 
 tur nip 
 
 fri ar 
 
 slip-per 
 
 tal on 
 
 tur pid 
 
 li ar 
 
 slum ber 
 
 tarn per 
 
 turn pike 
 
 lu nar 
 
 smat ter 
 
 tan gent 
 
 trum pet 
 
 po lar 
 
 spat ter 
 
 tan ner 
 
 trun die 
 
 so lar 
 
 spig ot 
 
 tas sel 
 
 ugly 
 
 nee tar 
 
 spin ner 
 
 tat ter 
 
 ul cer 
 
 dol lar 
 
 spin ster 
 
 tel ler 
 
 urn ber 
 
 ped lar 
 
 spir it 
 
 tern per 
 
 um pire 
 
 pil lar 
 
 slop py 
 
 ten ant 
 
 un der 
 
 vie ar 
 
 sock et 
 
 ten der 
 
 up per 
 
 vul gar 
 
 sol id 
 
 ten don 
 
 ur gent 
 
 gram mar 
 
 splin ter 
 
 ten dril 
 
 ut most 
 
 dd nor 
 
 stag nant 
 
 ten on 
 
 ut ter 
 
 fa vor 
 
 stag nate 
 
 ten ter 
 
 vam per 
 
 fla vor 
 
 stam mer 
 
 tes tate 
 
 vap id 
 
 ju ror 
 
 stand ard 
 
 tes ty 
 
 vas sal 
 
 la bor 
 
 stin gy 
 
 tet ter 
 
 vel lum 
 
 ma jor 
 
 stud y 
 
 til ler 
 
 vel vet 
 
 o dor 
 
 stur dy 
 
 tim ber 
 
 vend er 
 
 pre tor 
 
 sub urb 
 
 tim brel 
 
 ven om 
 
 te por 
 
 sud den 
 
 tim id 
 
 ver y 
 
 tu tor 
 
 suf fer 
 
 tin der 
 
 ves sel 
 
 va per 
 
( 29 ) ■ 
 
 TABLE IV. 
 
 Words of two syllables, with the accent on the second. 
 
 Unaccented syllable, long, 
 LESSON 1. 
 
 A bate 
 a base 
 a bide 
 a bode 
 a cute 
 a dore 
 ago 
 a like 
 a live 
 a lone 
 a maze 
 a pace 
 a side 
 a tone 
 
 a wake 
 be fore 
 be have 
 be hind 
 be side 
 be stride 
 be take 
 be tide 
 bro cade 
 ca reen 
 co here 
 ere ate 
 era sade 
 de base 
 
 de bate 
 de cay 
 de cide 
 de cline 
 de duce 
 de face 
 de file 
 de fy 
 de grade 
 de lay 
 de hide 
 de mure 
 de note 
 de nude 
 
 de nj 
 de plore 
 de plume 
 de prave 
 de pute 
 de ride 
 de scribe 
 de spite 
 de vice 
 di late 
 di lute 
 di vide 
 di vine 
 di vorce 
 
 LESSON 2. 
 Day and night and the chang-ing year o-bey 
 His will. The earth-quake and whirl-wind; the 
 ra-ging sea, and the loud thun-der, are ru-led 
 by Him; and, when He bids them, they are 
 all still Let us love God; for He is ve-ry 
 good: let us ask Him to give us wis-dom, for 
 He is all wise; let us fear Him; for there is no 
 end of His pow-er. If our pa-rents and friends 
 are ve-ry kind, the God of all good-ness makes 
 them so; and the mill-ion bless-ings we en-joy 
 pro-ceed from His kind care. He made the 
 sun to light and warm us. 
 
e late 
 e lope 
 e hide 
 e rase 
 e vade 
 e spy 
 fore bode 
 fore lay 
 fore told 
 gre nade 
 je June 
 
 (30) 
 
 LESSON 3. 
 pre scribe re place 
 pro cure re ply 
 re port 
 re pute 
 re spire 
 re store 
 re take 
 re tire 
 re told 
 re trace 
 re vere 
 
 pro duce 
 pro fane 
 pro mote 
 pro vide 
 pro voke 
 re buke 
 re cede 
 re cite 
 re eline 
 
 se dice 
 se vere 
 su preme 
 tra duce 
 u nite 
 vo lute 
 a gree 
 be tray 
 de cree 
 de fray 
 de throne 
 
 LESSON 4. 
 He spread out the stars through the sky, 
 and keeps them in their pla-ces. He sends us 
 rain to wet the dry ground, and cause the 
 green grass and the hand-some flow-ers to 
 spring up in the fields. He makes the grain 
 grow to give us bread; and trees and plants 
 for our use. 
 
 July 
 
 ma nure 
 ma ture 
 mi mite 
 pa rade 
 pa role 
 pa trol 
 pe ruke 
 po lite 
 pre cede 
 pre elude 
 
 LESSON 5. 
 re cluse re vile 
 
 re deem 
 re duce 
 re fine 
 re fute 
 re late 
 re lume 
 rely 
 re mote 
 re pay 
 re pine 
 
 re vive 
 re mind 
 re voke 
 sa lute 
 sea lene 
 se cede 
 se elude 
 se crete 
 se cure 
 se date 
 
 fore see 
 pro ceed 
 a drift 
 a verse 
 a fresh 
 a mend 
 a mid 
 a miss 
 a verge 
 be hest 
 be set 
 

 ( 
 
 31.)/ 
 
 
 
 Unaccented syllable, short. 
 
 
 
 LESSON 6. 
 
 
 ab j&re 
 
 at tine 
 
 con fine 
 
 em brace 
 
 ab struse 
 
 brig ade 
 
 con fute 
 
 em pale 
 
 ac cede 
 
 cas cade 
 
 con nive 
 
 en chase 
 
 ad duce 
 
 col late 
 
 eon sole 
 
 en dure , 
 
 ad here 
 
 com bine 
 
 con spire 
 
 en gage 
 
 ad mire 
 
 com mune 
 
 consume 
 
 en grave 
 
 ad vice 
 
 com mute 
 
 con trive 
 
 en rage 
 
 al lude 
 
 com pile 
 
 con vene 
 
 en robe 
 
 al lure 
 
 com plete 
 
 con voke 
 
 en rol 
 
 ar rive 
 
 com pute 
 
 cor rode 
 
 en slave 
 
 as pire 
 
 com port 
 
 dis like 
 
 en tice 
 
 as size 
 
 com ply 
 
 dis may 
 
 en tire 
 
 as surae 
 
 con dole 
 
 dis pute 
 
 es cape 
 
 as tride 
 
 con cede 
 
 dis robe 
 
 ex cite 
 
 as tray 
 
 con duce 
 
 dis taste 
 
 ex elude 
 
 at tire 
 
 eon fide 
 
 efface 
 
 ex pire 
 
 
 LESSON 7. 
 
 
 ex pidde 
 
 in lire 
 
 sur vive 
 
 ac quire 
 
 ex treme 
 
 im pede 
 
 ter rene 
 
 af fray 
 
 for sake 
 
 man kind 
 
 trans late 
 
 apply 
 
 grim ace 
 
 ob late 
 
 trans mute 
 
 k con elude 
 
 im plore 
 
 ob scene 
 
 un bind 
 
 con crete 
 
 imply 
 
 ob scure 
 
 un fold 
 
 dis crete 
 
 im pure 
 
 ob tuse 
 
 un chaste 
 
 dis play 
 
 im pute 
 
 ob trude 
 
 un kind 
 
 im port 
 
 in sane 
 
 par take 
 
 un lade 
 
 in deed 
 
 in scribe 
 
 per spire 
 
 un like 
 
 in shrine 
 
 in spire 
 
 per fume 
 
 un make 
 
 ac cept 
 
 in trude 
 
 per vade 
 
 un ripe 
 
 ac quit 
 
 in twine 
 
 pol lute 
 
 un seen 
 
 ad apt 
 
 in vade 
 
 sin cere 
 
 un told ^ 
 
 ad diet 
 

 ( 
 
 32 ) 
 
 
 
 LESS* 
 
 
 ad mix 
 
 cor rdpt 
 
 im pel 
 
 op press 
 
 ad vert 
 
 dis cant 
 
 im plant 
 
 per haps 
 
 ad ult 
 
 dis cuss 
 
 in cense 
 
 per mit 
 
 affect 
 
 dis pel 
 
 in dent 
 
 per plex 
 
 af flict 
 
 dis burse 
 
 in duct 
 
 per sist 
 
 an nex 
 
 dis sect 
 
 in dulge 
 
 per turb 
 
 an nul 
 
 dis patch 
 
 in ert 
 
 por tend 
 
 ar rest 
 
 dis tress 
 
 in feet 
 
 pos sess 
 
 at tend 
 
 dis trust 
 
 in fest 
 
 rat an 
 
 at test 
 
 ef feet 
 
 in fix 
 
 sub ject 
 
 at tract 
 
 en act 
 
 in flict 
 
 sub mit 
 
 col lect 
 
 en camp 
 
 in sert 
 
 sub merge 
 
 com pel 
 
 en hance 
 
 in sist 
 
 sub sist 
 
 com press 
 
 en list 
 
 in spect 
 
 sub tend 
 
 con cern 
 
 en rich 
 
 in struct 
 
 sub tract 
 
 con cert 
 
 en trap 
 
 in tense 
 
 sup plant 
 
 con dense 
 
 ex eel 
 
 in tend 
 
 sus pect 
 
 con fess 
 
 ex cept 
 
 in tent 
 
 trans act 
 
 con nect 
 
 ex pect 
 
 in trust 
 
 trans fix 
 
 con sent 
 
 ex pel 
 
 in vent 
 
 un apt 
 
 con struct 
 
 ex pense 
 
 it self 
 
 un fix 
 
 con suit 
 
 ex tend 
 
 neg lect 
 
 un just 
 
 con tend 
 
 ex tract 
 
 ob ject 
 
 up held 
 
 con vince 
 
 for bid 
 
 ob struct 
 
 with stand 
 
 con vulse 
 
 ful fill 
 
 oc cult 
 
 un furl 
 
 
 TABLE V. 
 
 
 Monosyllables of four letters, beginning 
 
 with one conso- 
 
 
 nant and ending with two. 
 
 
 
 LESSON 1. 
 
 
 Bind mind b&ck pack 
 
 Uck 
 
 find rind hack rack 
 
 deck 
 
 kind wind lack sack 
 * 
 
 peck 
 
1 
 
 
 ( 33 
 
 ) 
 
 
 
 
 LESSON 2. 
 
 
 What can such a little child 
 
 as I am do 
 
 for the Great God, who has done so much for 
 
 me? 
 
 I will pray to Hirr 
 
 i to teach 
 
 me what is 
 
 right, 
 
 and to keep me from all sin 
 
 : I will love 
 
 this Best of all 
 
 Beings, 
 
 and than 
 
 k Him, and 
 
 bless His name, 
 
 and try 
 
 to serve Him. 
 
 
 
 LESSON 3. 
 
 
 ndck 
 
 dill 
 
 foss 
 
 pelt 
 
 f£nd 
 
 peck 
 
 fill 
 
 loss 
 
 help 
 
 lend 
 
 lick 
 
 hill 
 
 moss 
 
 yelp 
 
 mend 
 
 nick 
 
 mill 
 
 toss 
 
 pulp 
 
 rend 
 
 pick 
 
 pill 
 
 gaff 
 
 fact 
 
 send 
 
 sick 
 
 rill 
 
 buff 
 
 pact 
 
 tend 
 
 tick 
 
 sill 
 
 cuff 
 
 tact 
 
 vend 
 
 wick 
 
 till 
 
 luff 
 
 sect 
 
 wend 
 
 buck 
 
 will 
 
 muff 
 
 camp 
 
 wind 
 
 duck 
 
 cull 
 
 puff 
 
 damp 
 
 fund 
 
 luck 
 
 dull 
 
 ruff 
 
 lamp 
 
 bang 
 
 muck 
 
 gull 
 
 bulb 
 
 ramp 
 
 fang 
 
 suck 
 
 tull 
 
 burr 
 
 vamp 
 
 gang 
 
 tuck 
 
 bull 
 
 held 
 
 hemp 
 
 hang 
 
 rich 
 
 full 
 
 weld 
 
 limp 
 
 pang 
 
 much 
 
 pull 
 
 hilt 
 
 bump 
 
 rang 
 
 such 
 
 puss 
 
 milt 
 
 dump 
 
 sang 
 
 bell 
 
 bush 
 
 tilt 
 
 hump 
 
 tang 
 
 cell 
 
 push 
 
 wilt 
 
 lump 
 
 ding 
 
 dell 
 
 cess 
 
 delf 
 
 pump 
 
 ring 
 
 fell 
 
 less 
 
 pelf 
 
 band 
 
 sing 
 
 sell 
 
 mess 
 
 self 
 
 hand 
 
 wing 
 
 tell 
 
 hiss 
 
 belt 
 
 land 
 
 bung 
 
 well 
 
 kiss 
 
 felt 
 
 sand 
 
 hung 
 
 bell 
 
 boss 
 
 melt 
 
 bend 
 
 rung 
 
( 34 ) ( 
 
 
 
 TABLE VI. 
 
 
 Words with two vowels united, and dipthongs. 
 
 
 
 LESSON 1. 
 
 
 Aid 
 
 faith 
 
 maim 
 
 s&id # 
 
 w&it 
 
 ■Ail 
 
 gain 
 
 main 
 
 sail 
 
 blain 
 
 aim 
 
 gait 
 
 nail 
 
 saint 
 
 braid 
 
 bail 
 
 hail 
 
 paid 
 
 taint 
 
 brain 
 
 bait 
 
 jail 
 
 pail 
 
 vail 
 
 chain 
 
 baize 
 
 laid 
 
 pain 
 
 vain 
 
 claim 
 
 fail 
 
 lain 
 
 paint 
 
 waif 
 
 drain 
 
 fain 
 
 maid 
 
 rail 
 
 wail 
 
 flail 
 
 faint 
 
 mail 
 
 rain 
 
 waist 
 
 grain 
 
 
 
 LESSON -2. 
 
 
 When the 
 
 first man 
 
 and wo-man were 
 
 made, 
 
 they lov-ed the God who made them, 
 
 and did all he 
 
 com-mand-ed them to do. But 
 
 in a short time, they dis- 
 
 -o-bey-ed the com- 
 
 mand of their Ma-ker, which made them sin- 1 
 
 ners, and sub-ject to death. 
 
 
 All j 
 
 ire sin-ners a-gainst God, 
 
 and this is 
 
 the rea-son w 
 
 ly all must die. 
 
 
 Though our 
 
 bod-ies die, our souls will livej 
 
 for ev- 
 
 er in an 
 
 -oth-er world. 
 LESSON 3. 
 
 
 plain 
 
 bay 
 
 say 
 
 play 
 
 awl 
 
 plaint 
 
 clay 
 
 says # 
 
 pray 
 
 bawl 
 
 plait 
 
 fay 
 
 way 
 
 scray 
 
 caw 
 
 slain 
 
 gay 
 
 Way 
 
 slay 
 
 daw 
 
 snail 
 
 hay 
 
 bray 
 
 spray 
 
 dawn 
 
 sprain 
 
 lay 
 
 clay 
 
 stay 
 
 fawn 
 
 staid 
 
 may 
 
 dray 
 
 stays 
 
 haw 
 
 stain 
 
 nay 
 
 flay 
 
 stray 
 
 hawk 
 
 strain 
 
 pay 
 
 fray 
 
 sway 
 
 jaw 
 
l&wn 
 
 maw 
 
 paw 
 
 pawn 
 
 raw 
 
 saw 
 
 taw 
 
 yawl 
 
 yawn 
 
 brawl 
 
 hkul 
 
 beach 
 
 haum 
 
 bead 
 
 laud 
 
 beak 
 
 maul 
 
 beam 
 
 fraud 
 
 bean 
 
 each 
 
 beard 
 
 ear 
 
 beast 
 
 east 
 
 beat 
 
 eat 
 
 cease 
 
 eaves 
 
 deaf 
 
 (35) 
 
 LESSON 
 br&wn shawn 
 claw sprawl 
 craw straw 
 crawl thaw 
 draw cauk 
 drawl caul 
 drawn daub 
 flaw fault 
 prawn gaude 
 shawl gauze 
 
 LESSON 5. 
 Children should learn to read good books 
 while they are young. The Bi-ble is the best 
 of all books. It tells us all we ought to do, 
 that our souls may be hap-py in an-oth-er and 
 bet-ter world, where we shall nev-er die. 
 In that bright world, where God and an- 
 dwell, we shall feel no sor-row, pain, 
 sick-ness, nor trou-ble of any kind. Those 
 who do not love God, but keep on in ways 
 of wick-ed-ness while they live, will never see 
 that hap-py place. 
 
 LESSON 6. 
 
 gels 
 
 deal 
 
 dean 
 
 dear 
 
 fear 
 
 feast 
 
 feat 
 
 feaze 
 
 heal 
 
 heap 
 
 heat 
 
 heath 
 
 heave 
 
 lea 
 
 lead 
 
 leaf 
 
 leak 
 
 lean 
 
 leap 
 
 leash 
 
 least 
 
 leave 
 
 mead 
 
 meal 
 
 mean 
 
 meat 
 
 neal 
 
 neap 
 
 neat 
 
 pea 
 
 peace 
 
 peak 
 
 peal 
 
 pease 
 
 peat 
 
 reach 
 
 read 
 
 reap 
 
 rear 
 
 reave 
 
 sea 
 
 seal 
 
 seam 
 
 sear 
 
 seat 
 
 tea 
 

 
 (36) 
 
 
 
 
 
 LESSON 7. 
 
 
 teal 
 
 bream 
 
 grease 
 
 steam 
 
 tear 
 
 team 
 
 cheap 
 
 greaves 
 
 streak 
 
 wear 
 
 tear 
 
 cheat 
 
 plea 
 
 stream 
 
 swear 
 
 veal 
 
 clean 
 
 plead 
 
 treat 
 
 bee 
 
 weak 
 
 clear 
 
 please 
 
 tweak 
 
 deed 
 
 weal 
 
 cleave 
 
 preach 
 
 wheal 
 
 fee 
 
 weave 
 
 creak 
 
 sheaf 
 
 wheat 
 
 feed 
 
 yean 
 
 cream 
 
 shear 
 
 air 
 
 heed 
 
 year 
 
 crease 
 
 shears 
 
 fair 
 
 meed 
 
 yeast 
 
 dream 
 
 sheath 
 
 hair 
 
 need 
 
 zeal 
 
 drear 
 
 skean 
 
 lair 
 
 reed 
 
 bleach 
 
 flea 
 
 smear 
 
 pair 
 
 seed 
 
 bleak 
 
 fleam 
 
 sneap 
 
 chair 
 
 weed 
 
 blear 
 
 freak 
 
 speak 
 
 stair 
 
 beef 
 
 bleat 
 
 gleam 
 
 spear 
 
 bear 
 
 reef 
 
 breach 
 
 glean 
 
 glean 
 
 pear 
 
 leek 
 
 
 
 LESSON 8. 
 
 
 meek 
 
 weep 
 
 cheer 
 
 sheep 
 
 sweet 
 
 reek 
 
 beer 
 
 need 
 
 sheer 
 
 three 
 
 seek 
 
 deer 
 
 creek 
 
 sheet 
 
 tree 
 
 week 
 
 leer 
 
 creep 
 
 sleek 
 
 wheel 
 
 feel 
 
 meer 
 
 flee 
 
 sleep 
 
 wheeze 
 
 heel 
 
 peer 
 
 fleece 
 
 sleet 
 
 beech 
 
 peel 
 
 seer 
 
 fleer 
 
 sleeve 
 
 leech 
 
 reel 
 
 veer 
 
 fleet 
 
 sneer 
 
 breech * 
 
 deem 
 
 beet 
 
 free 
 
 sneeze 
 
 speech 
 
 seem 
 
 feet 
 
 freeze 
 
 steed 
 
 foid 
 
 teem 
 
 leet 
 
 glee 
 
 steel 
 
 dew 
 
 seen 
 
 meet 
 
 gleek 
 
 steen 
 
 few 
 
 teen 
 
 bleed 
 
 green 
 
 steep 
 
 hew 
 
 ween 
 
 breed 
 
 greet 
 
 steer 
 
 mew 
 
 deep 
 
 breeze 
 
 greeze 
 
 street 
 
 new 
 
( 37 ) 
 
 
 
 LESSON 9. 
 
 
 blew 
 
 rtie 
 
 foam 
 
 brdach 
 
 j6in 
 
 brew 
 
 sue 
 
 loam 
 
 croak 
 
 joint 
 
 chew 
 
 blue 
 
 roam 
 
 float 
 
 joist 
 
 clew 
 
 flue 
 
 loan 
 
 groan 
 
 loin 
 
 crew 
 
 glue 
 
 moan 
 
 shoal 
 
 moil 
 
 drew 
 
 true 
 
 roan 
 
 throat 
 
 moist 
 
 flew 
 
 daf 
 
 soap 
 
 6il 
 
 point 
 
 grew 
 
 goad 
 
 boar 
 
 boil 
 
 roist 
 
 screw 
 
 load 
 
 hoar 
 
 coif 
 
 soil 
 
 shew 
 
 road 
 
 roar 
 
 coil 
 
 toil 
 
 slew 
 
 toad 
 
 soar 
 
 coin 
 
 voice 
 
 stew 
 
 loaf 
 
 boat 
 
 doit 
 
 void 
 
 threw 
 
 soak 
 
 coat 
 
 foil 
 
 broil 
 
 cue 
 
 coal 
 
 goat 
 
 foin 
 
 choice 
 
 due 
 
 foal 
 
 moat 
 
 foist 
 
 groin 
 
 hue 
 
 goal 
 
 bloat 
 
 hoist 
 
 boy 
 
 
 
 LESSON I 
 
 
 c6y 
 
 f5ol 
 
 ndose 
 
 doom 
 
 b6qk 
 
 hoy 
 
 goose 
 
 ooze 
 
 croop 
 
 cook 
 
 joy 
 
 hoof 
 
 pool 
 
 droop 
 
 foot 
 
 toy 
 
 hoop 
 
 poor 
 
 gloom 
 
 good 
 
 cloy 
 
 hoot 
 
 rood 
 
 groom 
 
 goods 
 
 troy 
 
 loo 
 
 roof 
 
 groove 
 
 hood 
 
 b6om 
 
 loom 
 
 room 
 
 proof 
 
 hook 
 
 boon 
 
 loon 
 
 roost 
 
 scoop 
 
 look 
 
 boot 
 
 loop 
 
 sooth 
 
 shoot 
 
 nook 
 
 coo 
 
 loose 
 
 too 
 
 sloop 
 
 rook 
 
 cool 
 
 mood 
 
 tool 
 
 spool 
 
 soot 
 
 coom 
 
 moon 
 
 tooth 
 
 spoon 
 
 took 
 
 coop 
 
 moor 
 
 woo 
 
 stoop 
 
 wood 
 
 coot 
 
 moose 
 
 woof 
 
 swoon 
 
 wool 
 
 doom 
 
 moot 
 
 bloom 
 
 swoop 
 
 brook 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
(38) 
 
 
 
 LESSON 11. 
 
 
 st6od 
 
 mouth 
 
 proud 
 
 clown 
 
 tow 
 
 our 
 
 noun 
 
 scour 
 
 crowd 
 
 bowl 
 
 out 
 
 pouch 
 
 scout 
 
 crown 
 
 mown 
 
 ounce 
 
 pounce 
 
 shout 
 
 drown 
 
 sown 
 
 bounce 
 
 pound 
 
 shroud 
 
 frown 
 
 blow 
 
 bound 
 
 pout 
 
 slouch 
 
 growl 
 
 blown 
 
 bout 
 
 round 
 
 snout 
 
 prow 
 
 crow 
 
 count 
 
 rout 
 
 spout 
 
 prowl 
 
 flown 
 
 doubt 
 
 sound 
 
 sprout 
 
 scowl 
 
 douse 
 
 sour 
 
 stout 
 
 clown 
 
 glow 
 
 foul 
 
 souse 
 
 trout 
 
 fowl 
 
 grow 
 
 found 
 
 south 
 
 bow 
 
 gown 
 
 grown 
 
 fount 
 
 vouch 
 
 cow 
 
 howl 
 
 growth 
 
 gouge 
 
 wound* 
 
 how 
 
 lowt 
 
 show 
 
 gout 
 
 chouse 
 
 mow 
 
 owl 
 
 shown 
 
 hound 
 
 cloud 
 
 now 
 
 town 
 
 slow 
 
 house 
 
 flounce 
 
 sow 
 
 6we 
 
 snow 
 
 loud 
 
 flout 
 
 vow 
 
 own 
 
 stow 
 
 louse 
 
 pounce 
 
 bouse 
 
 bow 
 
 strow 
 
 mound 
 
 glout 
 
 blouze 
 
 low 
 
 strown 
 
 mount 
 
 ground 
 
 brow 
 
 mow 
 
 throw 
 
 mouse 
 
 grouse 
 
 brown 
 
 sow 
 
 thrown 
 
 James can jou 
 
 l count ten. Yes 
 
 ; one, two, 
 
 three, four, five, 
 
 six, sev- 
 
 en, eight, 
 
 nine, ten. 
 
 Ver-y well. You must learn to count a hun- 
 
 dred. 
 
 And you 
 
 must learn to know the fig- 
 
 ures, and what num-bers 
 
 they stand for. 
 
 Ed-ward, give 
 
 me my 
 
 hat, and gloves, and 
 
 cane. 
 
 I am going to take a walk. 
 
 Pa, may 
 
 I go with you? Yes, if you will keep your-self 
 
 near me, and not 
 
 t run a-bout to troub-Ie me. 
 
 
 * Wpui 
 
 id, like pound, round. 
 
 
Words of 
 
 De cen cy 
 bri be ry 
 bro ker age 
 ca pi as 
 ca ri ous 
 era zi ness 
 cru ci ble 
 cm ci fix 
 cru el ty 
 cu ra ble 
 cu ti cle 
 a gen cy 
 de vi ate 
 di a dem 
 di a mond 
 
 (39) 
 TABLE VII. 
 
 three syllables, accented on the first. 
 
 di a lect 
 di a per 
 di a ry 
 dra pe ry 
 du bi ous 
 du pli cate 
 du ra ble 
 a the ist 
 e qui nox 
 fe al ty 
 flu en cy 
 fre quent ly 
 fu mi gate 
 fu ne ral 
 fu ri ous 
 
 glo ri ous 
 ho li ness 
 i ci cle 
 i dol ize 
 i ro ny 
 ju bi lee 
 ju gu lar 
 ju ni per 
 ju ry man 
 ju ve nile 
 jew el ry* 
 la bi al 
 la bor er 
 la i ty 
 la zi ness 
 
 A spring is alit-tle stream of wa-ter, run- 
 ning out of the ground. A brook is the wa- 
 ter of sev-e-ral springs flow-ing to-geth-er and 
 run-ning thro' mea-dows and fields; some- 
 times, to a great dis-tance. Large streams 
 of wa-ter, are call-ed riv-ers. A riv-u-let is a 
 small riv-er. Some riv-ers are so large as to 
 have ships sail-ing up-on them. 
 
 A plain is a large space of ground, e-ven 
 and lev-el; al-most as e-ven as a house floor. 
 
 A hill is a part of the ground high-er than 
 a plain; some hills are not steep, and you can 
 walk on the top of them ver-y ea-sy. 
 
 Other hills are so steep and high, as to 
 take a long time to get to the top of them, 
 
(40) 
 
 and you will have to stop and rest, be-fore 
 you can be there. 
 
 Hills as well as low ground, have grass, 
 and flow-ers, plants and trees grow-ing on 
 them. Some of them have stones and rocks 
 on the sides and on the top. The sides of 
 some hills are on-ly steep rocks, like a wall 
 or the side of a house, and no one can walk 
 to the top of tnem. 
 
 Moun-tains are ver-y large hills, ver-y high, 
 and some of them ma-ny hun-dred miles long. 
 
 The sea wa-ter is salt; riv-er wa-ter, spring 
 wa-ter, and the wa-ter we draw from wells and 
 pumps are fresh. 
 
 The sea is ver-y wide and deep; it cov-ers 
 more than half the round world we live up-on. 
 
 le ni ent nil me ral pi o ny 
 
 li a ble nu me rous pi lot age 
 
 li bra ry nu tri ment pli a bier 
 
 li on ess nu tri tive pli an cy 
 
 lone li ness o di ous plu vi ous 
 
 ma ni ac o dor ous po et ess 
 
 ma son ry o pi ate pre mi um 
 
 me di ate o ral ly pre vi ous 
 
 me di um o ri ent pri ma cy 
 
 mu cil age o va ry pri ma ry 
 
 mu ta ble o ver plus pri o ry 
 
 mu ti ny o ver ture pri va cy 
 
 need less ly pa tron ess # pu pil age 
 
 ni ce ty pa tri ot pu ri tan 
 
 no ta ry pe ri od pu ri ty 
 
 nu di ty pi e ty ra di ance 
 
(41) 
 
 The large riv-ers run in-to one an-oth-er; and 
 at last in-to the sea. The sea is call-ed the 
 o-cean. There are large spa-ces of land on 
 the out-side of the world, and the salt wa-ter 
 lies all round the land. 
 
 The largest parts of land are called conti- 
 nents. 
 
 On the bot-tom of the deep wa-ters of the 
 o-cean, are ma-ny hills; some of these hills 
 are not high e-nough to come to the top of 
 the wa-ters; but oth-ers are so high as to be 
 seen, and the tops of such hills are call-ed isl- 
 ands. 
 
 Men, and beasts, live on the land. These, 
 and all oth-er an-i-mals were first made out 
 of the dust of the earth. 
 
 ra di ate 
 ra ta bly 
 re al ize 
 re gen cy 
 ri ot ous 
 ri val ry 
 ro ta ry 
 ru di ment 
 ru fill nate 
 sa vo ry 
 see ne ry 
 si ne cure 
 sla vish ness 
 so ber ness 
 spu ri ous 
 state li ness 
 
 d2 
 
 si i cide 
 su per fine 
 ta ble cloth 
 te di ous 
 the a tre 
 the o rem 
 tu te lage 
 u iii ty 
 vi o lin 
 vo ta ry 
 use ful ness 
 va can cy 
 va por ous 
 va ri ous 
 vi o late 
 vi o let 
 
 z6 di ac 
 ab di cate 
 ab do men 
 ab ro gate 
 ab so lute 
 ab sti nence 
 ac ci dent 
 ac cu rate 
 ac tive ly 
 ac tu al 
 ac tu ate 
 ad jec tive 
 ad ju tant 
 ad mi ral 
 ad vo cate 
 af fa ble 
 
af flu ence 
 ag gra vate 
 ag min al 
 ag o ny 
 ag o nize 
 al mon er 
 al ti tude 
 am a ranth 
 am a zon 
 am bi ent 
 am i ty 
 am e thyst 
 am nes ty 
 am o rous 
 am pu tate 
 an ti dote 
 
 an ti quate 
 an te type 
 ap a thy 
 ap pe tence 
 ap pe tite 
 as pho del 
 at ti tude 
 bach e lor 
 bal co ny 
 bar ri cade 
 bat te ry 
 bat tie ment 
 ben e fice 
 bev er age 
 big a my 
 big ot ry 
 
 (42) 
 
 bit ter ly 
 black ber ry 
 bias phe my 
 brack ish ness 
 brev i ty 
 buf fa Io 
 but ter fly 
 cab i net 
 cal a bash 
 cal cu late 
 cal i ber 
 cal i co 
 cal o mel 
 cal um ny 
 can cer ous 
 can di date 
 
 can is ter 
 can die stick 
 can ni bal 
 civ il ize 
 clem en cy 
 can on ize 
 can o py 
 car ri er 
 cas ti gate 
 cav al ry 
 cat a ract 
 cath o lie 
 cav i ty 
 cham pi on 
 chan eel lor 
 char i ot 
 
 cit a del 
 cit i zen 
 clar i on 
 das sic al 
 cler ic al 
 clin ic al 
 cred u lous 
 crep i tate 
 crim i nal 
 cul pa ble 
 cul ti vate 
 cum ber some 
 cur so ry 
 cur ri cle 
 cur va ture 
 cus to dy 
 
 cyl in der 
 dal li ance 
 dec a gon 
 dec o rate 
 ded i cate 
 def er ence 
 del e gate 
 dem o crat 
 den i zen 
 den si ty 
 dep re cate 
 dep u ty 
 der o gate 
 des o late 
 des pe rate 
 des ti ny 
 
( 43 ) 
 
 des ti tute 
 
 em u lous 
 
 fed er al 
 
 det ri ment 
 
 en e my 
 
 fel o ny 
 
 dex ter ous 
 
 en er gy 
 
 fes ti val 
 
 dif fi cult 
 
 en mi ty 
 
 fin ic al 
 
 dif fi dent 
 
 er rant ry 
 
 flat te ry 
 
 dil i gence 
 
 en ti ty 
 
 flat u lent 
 
 dis ci pline 
 
 en vi ous 
 
 flex i ble 
 
 dis lo cate 
 
 ep i cure 
 
 fran gi ble 
 
 dis si pate 
 
 ep i gram 
 
 frip pe ry 
 
 div i dend 
 
 ep i sode 
 
 friv o lous 
 
 diz zi ness 
 
 ep i taph 
 
 ful mi nate 
 
 dyn as ty 
 
 ep i thet 
 
 fur ni ture 
 
 eb o ny 
 
 es cu lent 
 
 gal ax y 
 
 ec sta cy 
 
 es ti mate 
 
 gal i ot 
 
 ed i fice 
 
 et y mon 
 
 gal lant ry 
 
 ed u cate 
 
 ev e ry 
 
 gal le ry 
 
 ed i tor 
 
 ev i dent 
 
 gal li pot 
 
 effigy 
 
 ex e crate 
 
 gar ri son 
 
 eg Ian tine 
 
 ex i gence 
 
 gen e ral 
 
 el e gant 
 
 ex o dus 
 
 gen e sis 
 
 el e gy 
 
 ex pe dite 
 
 gen tie man 
 
 el e ment 
 
 ex pi ate 
 
 gen u ine 
 
 el e phant 
 
 ex tri cate 
 
 gin ger bread 
 
 el o quence 
 
 fab u lous 
 
 grad u al 
 
 em a nate 
 
 fac to ry 
 
 grad u ate 
 
 em bas sy 
 
 fac ul ty 
 
 grat i tude 
 
 em bry o 
 
 fal la cy 
 
 grav el ly 
 
 em e ry 
 
 fal li ble 
 
 grav i tate 
 
 em i nent 
 
 fam i ly 
 
 hab i tude 
 
 em pe ror 
 
 fan ci ful 
 
 her aid ry 
 
 em pha sis 
 
 fas cin ate 
 
 hap pi ness 
 
 emp ti ness 
 
 feb ri fuge 
 
 hem is phere 
 
(44) 
 
 hep ta gon 
 
 in fi nite 
 
 lex i con 
 
 her e sy 
 
 in flu ence 
 
 lib er al 
 
 her i tage 
 
 in no vate 
 
 lib er ty 
 
 hes i tate 
 
 in so lent 
 
 lib er ate 
 
 hex a gon 
 
 in stant ly 
 
 lib er tine 
 
 his to ry 
 
 in sti tute 
 
 lig a ment 
 
 hin der ance 
 
 in stru ment 
 
 lig a ture, 
 
 hur ri cane 
 
 in su lar 
 
 lit a ny 
 
 id i om 
 
 in te ger 
 
 lit i gate 
 
 id iot 
 
 in te gral 
 
 lit ur gy 
 
 ig no ble 
 
 in tel lect 
 
 liv er y 
 
 im i tate 
 
 in ter est 
 
 luck i ly 
 
 im mo late 
 
 in ter im 
 
 lus ti ness 
 
 im pe tus 
 
 in ter val 
 
 lux u ry 
 
 im pi ous 
 
 in ti mate 
 
 mack er el 
 
 im pie ment 
 
 in tri cate 
 
 mal a dy 
 
 im pli cate 
 
 jac o bin 
 
 man a ger 
 
 im po tence 
 
 jav e lin 
 
 man i fest 
 
 im pu dent 
 
 lac te al 
 
 man i fold 
 
 in ci dent 
 
 las si tud-e 
 
 man u al 
 
 in cu bus 
 
 lat e ral 
 
 mar i ner 
 
 in di cate 
 
 lat i tude 
 
 mar i tal 
 
 in di gence 
 
 lav en der 
 
 mar i time 
 
 in di go 
 
 lav ish ly 
 
 med i tate 
 
 in do lence 
 
 lax a tive 
 
 mel o dy 
 
 in du rate 
 
 lax i ty 
 
 melt ing ly 
 
 in dus try 
 
 leg a cy 
 
 mem o ry 
 
 in fa my 
 
 lee tur er 
 
 men di cant 
 
 in fan cy 
 
 len i tive 
 
 mer ri ment 
 
 in fant ile 
 
 lep ro sy 
 
 mes sen ger 
 
 in fant ry 
 
 leth ar gy 
 
 met a phor 
 
 in fi del 
 
 lev i ty 
 
 mil i tant 
 
(45) 
 
 mil li ner 
 
 par o dy 
 
 prel a ey 
 
 mim ic ry 
 
 par o tid 
 
 prev a lent 
 
 min er al 
 
 par ri cide 
 
 prim i tive 
 
 min is ter 
 
 pec to ral 
 
 prin ci pal 
 
 min u et 
 
 pec u late 
 
 priv a tive 
 
 mis ere ant 
 
 ped ant ry 
 
 priv i lege 
 
 mit i gate 
 
 ped es tal 
 
 pub lish er 
 
 mit ti mus 
 
 ped i cle 
 
 punc tu al 
 
 mul ber ry 
 
 ped i ment 
 
 pun gen cy 
 
 mul ti pie 
 
 pel i can 
 
 pun ish ment 
 
 mum me ry 
 
 pel i cle 
 
 quack e ry 
 
 mul ti tude 
 
 pen al ty 
 
 querulous 
 
 mus cu lar 
 
 pen e trate 
 
 quin tu pie 
 
 nar ra tive 
 
 pen ta gon 
 
 rad i cal 
 
 nee tar ine 
 
 pen te cost 
 
 rar i ty 
 
 neg a tive 
 
 per i carp 
 
 rav en ous 
 
 nul li ty 
 
 per il ous 
 
 rav ish ment 
 
 num ber less 
 
 per i wig 
 
 rec on cile 
 
 nun ne ry 
 
 pes ti lence 
 
 rec ti tude 
 
 nur se ry 
 
 pet al ous 
 
 rec to ry 
 
 pab u lar 
 
 pick er el 
 
 ref er ence 
 
 pal li ate 
 
 pil grim age 
 
 reg u lar 
 
 pal pa bly 
 
 pil lo ry 
 
 rel a tive 
 
 pal pi tate 
 
 pin na cle 
 
 rem e dy 
 
 pan o ply 
 
 pit e ous 
 
 ren o vate 
 
 par a ble 
 
 pit i ful 
 
 rep ro bate 
 
 par a dise 
 
 pit i less 
 
 rest less ness 
 
 par a dox 
 
 plen i tude 
 
 ret i cle 
 
 par a gon 
 
 plen ti ful 
 
 rev el ry 
 
 par a pet 
 
 plan der er 
 
 rev er end 
 
 par al lax 
 
 prac ti cal 
 
 rit u al 
 
 par i ty 
 
 prefer ence 
 
 rug 4 ged ness 
 

 (46) 
 
 sac ra merit 
 
 siib ju gate * 
 
 tdr pen tine 
 
 run a way 
 
 sub li mate 
 
 tur pi tude 
 
 sac ri fice 
 
 sub se quent 
 
 ul cer ate 
 
 sac ri lege 
 
 sub si dy 
 
 ut ter ly 
 
 san i ty 
 
 sub sti tute 
 
 vag a bond 
 
 sal i vate 
 
 sub ter fuge 
 
 val or ous 
 
 sat ir ist 
 
 suffer ance 
 
 vas cu lar 
 
 san a tive 
 
 suffer ihg 
 
 vend i ble 
 
 sas sa fras 
 
 suf fo cate 
 
 ven er ate 
 
 sur ro gate 
 
 sul ki ness 
 
 ven om ous 
 
 scan dal ous 
 
 sup pie ment 
 
 ven til ate 
 
 scav en ger 
 
 sup pli ant 
 
 ven tri cle 
 
 sec ta ry 
 
 sus te nance 
 
 ver i ty 
 
 sed i ment 
 
 tab o ret 
 
 ves i cate 
 
 sem i nal 
 
 taf fe ta 
 
 ves i cle 
 
 sen a tor 
 
 tarn a rind 
 
 ves ti bule 
 
 sen si ble 
 
 tan gi ble 
 
 vet er an 
 
 sen si tive 
 
 tap es try 
 
 vie to ry 
 
 sen so ry 
 
 tern pe rate 
 
 vil Ian ous 
 
 sen ti ent 
 
 tern por al 
 
 vin di cate 
 
 set tie ment 
 
 ten a ble 
 
 vin e gar 
 
 sev e ral 
 
 ten den cy 
 
 vit re ous 
 
 shel ter less 
 
 ten der ness 
 
 vit ri ol 
 
 sid er al 
 
 ten din ous 
 
 viv id ness 
 
 sim i lar 
 
 ten e ment 
 
 wag on er 
 
 sin gu lar 
 
 ter ri ble 
 
 wil der ness 
 
 sin is ter 
 
 trans i tive 
 
 wist ful ly 
 
 skel e ton 
 
 trav el ler 
 
 wick ed ly 
 
 spec ta cle 
 
 triv i al 
 
 yes ter day 
 
 spir it ous 
 
 true kle bed 
 
 bSd i ly 
 
 stam mer er 
 
 trum pe ry 
 
 bot a nist 
 
 stub born ly 
 
 tur bu lent 
 
 cof fee pot 
 

 (47) 
 
 
 col lo cate 
 
 god li ness 
 
 pol i cy 
 
 col on ize 
 
 horn i cide 
 
 prof li gate 
 
 con se crate 
 
 jol li ty 
 
 ar mo ry 
 
 com e dy 
 
 lot te ry 
 
 ar se nal 
 
 com ic al 
 
 mod es ty 
 
 bar bar ous 
 
 com mo dore 
 
 mod er ate 
 
 mar gin al 
 
 com pe tence 
 
 mon i tor 
 
 am pli fy 
 
 com pli cate 
 
 nom i nal 
 
 cl&r i fy 
 
 con fer ence 
 
 6b du rate 
 
 dig ni fy 
 
 con flu ence 
 
 ob li gate 
 
 ed i fy 
 
 con ti nent 
 
 ob e lisk 
 
 grat i fy 
 
 cop pe ras 
 
 oc ta gon 
 
 nul li fy 
 
 cot ta ger 
 
 of fi cer 
 
 pet ri fy 
 
 frol ic some 
 
 om in ous 
 
 rat i fy 
 
 glob u lar 
 
 op e rate 
 
 tes ti fy 
 
 glos sa ry 
 
 op tic al 
 
 vii i fy 
 
 
 TABLE VIII 
 
 
 Easy words of three syllables, accented on the second. 
 
 A base ment 
 
 a sy lum 
 
 cu ra tor 
 
 a bu sive 
 
 bi tu men 
 
 de base ment 
 
 a ce tous 
 
 ci cu ta 
 
 de ci sive 
 
 a cu men 
 
 che ru bic 
 
 de co rus 
 
 a cute ness 
 
 co e qual 
 
 de co rum 
 
 ad he sive 
 
 co e val 
 
 de ere tal 
 
 ad ja cent 
 
 com pli ance 
 
 de ni al 
 
 af fi ance 
 
 con do lence 
 
 de po nent 
 
 al le gro 
 
 con fine ment 
 
 die ta tor 
 
 a maze ment 
 
 con ni vance 
 
 dif fu sive 
 
 as su ming 
 
 ere a tive 
 
 dis a ble 
 
( 48 ) 
 
 dis ci pie 
 
 in hi man 
 
 po ta to 
 
 dis qui et 
 
 in qui ry 
 
 pro ce dure 
 
 e lope merit 
 
 in tru sive 
 
 pro cure ment 
 
 em bold en 
 
 in va der 
 
 pro fane ly 
 
 en gra ver 
 
 lum ba go 
 
 pro fuse ness 
 
 e va sive 
 
 man da mus 
 
 re ci tal 
 
 far ra go 
 
 mi nute ly 
 
 re deem er 
 
 vi ra go 
 
 nar ra tor 
 
 re fine ment 
 
 he ro ic 
 
 oc ta vo 
 
 re li ance 
 
 hi a tus 
 
 op po nent 
 
 re vi ler 
 
 hy e na 
 
 pan a do 
 
 se ce der 
 
 i de al 
 
 pan the on 
 
 se cure ly 
 
 im pru dence 
 
 pel lu cid 
 
 so no rous 
 
 in cite ment 
 
 po lite ness 
 
 su preme ly 
 
 in he rent 
 
 po ma turn 
 
 sur vi ver 
 
 tes ta tor 
 
 as sem bly 
 
 er rat ic 
 
 tor na do 
 
 as sist ant 
 
 ex am pie 
 
 tor pe do 
 
 ath let ic 
 
 ex hib it 
 
 tran scri ber 
 
 be wil der 
 
 ex cur sive 
 
 trans lu cent 
 
 bis sex tile 
 
 ex trin sic 
 
 trans pa rent 
 
 bom bast ic 
 
 fa nat ic 
 
 tri bu nal 
 
 co hab it 
 
 fan tas tic 
 
 un a ble 
 
 con sid er 
 
 fo ren sic 
 
 un bri died 
 
 con vul sive 
 
 fore run ner 
 
 un bro ken 
 
 de cep tive 
 
 he pat ic 
 
 a mend ment 
 
 de fence less 
 
 hi ber nal 
 
 ap pel lant 
 
 em bez zle 
 
 i am bic 
 
 ap pen dage 
 
 e met ic 
 
 un chan ging 
 
 ap pen dix 
 
 en am el 
 
 un du ly 
 
 as sas sin 
 
 en dem ic 
 
 un e ven 
 
ver ba tim 
 o me ga 
 a ban don 
 a bun dant 
 a but ment 
 a can thus 
 ac cept ance 
 ac cus torn 
 ac quit tal 
 ad rait tahce 
 ad ven ture 
 ag gres sor 
 a mal gam 
 de mer it 
 
 in sip id 
 in spect or 
 in stinct ive 
 in struct or 
 in tes tate 
 in trep id 
 in trin sic 
 in vect ive 
 in vent or 
 me an der 
 fine men to 
 mo las ses 
 mo men tous 
 mo nas tic 
 mu lat to 
 
 ( 49 ) 
 
 de vas tate 
 de vel op 
 di lem ma 
 di min ish 
 dis bur den 
 dis par age 
 dis sem ble 
 dis sev er 
 e clip tic 
 ec stat ic 
 ef ful gence 
 e lee trie 
 e lix ir 
 el lip sis 
 
 nar cdt ic 
 neg lect ful 
 noc tur nal 
 ob ject or 
 offend er 
 om nif ic 
 op press ive 
 or gan ic 
 os ten sive 
 pa cif ic 
 pal met to 
 pa ren tal 
 pa thet ic 
 pe dant ic 
 per cept ive 
 
 em bel lish 
 il lus trate 
 im pend ing 
 im pul sive 
 in ac tive 
 in cen tive 
 in cul cate 
 in cum bent 
 in den ture 
 in dul gence 
 in hab it 
 in her it 
 in jus tice 
 in sen sate 
 
 per spec tive 
 pi men to 
 po et ic 
 po lem ic 
 por tent ous 
 pos sess or 
 prag mat ic 
 pre cept ive 
 pre cur sor 
 pre des tine 
 pre vent ive 
 pro duct ive 
 pro fess or 
 pro gress ive 
 pro hib it 
 
 E 
 

 (50) 
 
 i 
 
 pro lif ic 
 
 re pl£v y 
 
 rur ren der 
 
 pro mul gate 
 
 re press ive 
 
 syn thet ic 
 
 pros pect ive 
 
 re pub lie 
 
 terrific 
 
 pro tect ress 
 
 re puis ive 
 
 trans gress or 
 
 re cept ive 
 
 re spect ive 
 
 um brel la 
 
 re cur rence 
 
 re strict ive 
 
 un bend ing 
 
 re cum bent 
 
 re trib ute 
 
 un civ il 
 
 re fleet ive 
 
 ro man tic 
 
 un er ring 
 
 re fresh merit 
 
 ru bif ic 
 
 un fit ness 
 
 re ful gent 
 
 sar cas tic 
 
 u ten sil 
 
 re luct ance 
 
 sa tir ic 
 
 ve nat ic 
 
 re mem ber 
 
 se lect or 
 
 vin diet ive 
 
 re mit tance 
 
 spe cif ic 
 
 a bol ish 
 
 re pel lant 
 
 sta tis tic 
 
 ab or tive 
 
 re plen ish 
 
 stu pen dous 
 
 ac com plish 
 
 ad mon ish 
 
 la con ic 
 
 em b&r go 
 
 al lot ment 
 
 mis con duct 
 
 al low ance 
 
 a pos tate 
 
 re spon sive 
 
 a vow al 
 
 colos sal 
 
 un com mon 
 
 en dow ment 
 
 de mol ish 
 
 a cros tic 
 
 en coun ter 
 
 de mon strate 
 
 as ton ish 
 
 im bow er 
 
 des pot ic 
 
 im pos tor 
 
 pro found ly 
 
 em bod y 
 
 in con stant 
 
 sub al tern 
 
 his tor ic 
 
 pro bos cis 
 
 un law ful 
 
 im mod est 
 
 re mon strate 
 
 out law ry 
 
 im mor al 
 
 a l&rm ing 
 
 trans form ing 
 
 im prop er 
 
 a part ment 
 
 re morse less 
 
 i on ic 
 
 ca thar tic 
 
 im mor tal 
 
__ (51) 
 
 TABLE IX. 
 
 Plain words of three syllables, the chief accent on the 
 third, and minor accent on the first. 
 
 Am bus cade 
 co in cide 
 con tra vene 
 can non ade 
 dev o tee 
 dis a gree 
 
 in ter fere 
 in tro duce 
 in ter vene 
 lem on ade 
 mar mal ade 
 mis be have 
 
 dis com mode mis ap ply 
 dis es teem mu tin eer 
 
 dis en gage 
 gaz et teer 
 im ma ture 
 im por tune 
 in com mode 
 in com plete 
 in sin cere 
 in se cure 
 
 con tra diet 
 com pre hend 
 con de scend 
 coun ter act 
 dis affect 
 dis con nect 
 dis pos sess 
 dis res pect 
 dis con tent 
 dis an nul 
 in di rect 
 in dis tinct 
 in cor rect 
 
 op por tune 
 o ver rate 
 o ver take 
 pro ere ate 
 pal i sade 
 pat en tee 
 pi on eer 
 pre ma ttire 
 
 in ter mix 
 in ter diet 
 in ter mit 
 in ter sect 
 mal con tent 
 man u mit 
 o ver run 
 o ver turn 
 re an nex 
 rec ol lect 
 rec om mend 
 rep re hend 
 re con duct 
 
 pri va teer 
 re as sume 
 rec on cile 
 re in state 
 re pro duce 
 ref u gee 
 su per sede 
 ser e nade 
 sub di vide 
 su per scribe 
 su per vene 
 vol un teer 
 un der mine 
 un fore seen 
 ap pre hend 
 can zo net 
 
 re pos sess 
 su per add 
 un con cern 
 un der sell 
 un der stand 
 dis en thrall 
 cor res pond 
 coun ter m&nd 
 dis em bark 
 dis re gard 
 pic a r6on 
 o ver ldok 
 mis em pldy 
 
(68) 
 
 TABLE X. 
 
 Easy words of four syllables, the chief accent on the first, 
 and the secondary on the last. 
 
 Fa vor a ble ad mi ra ble crit ic al iy 
 
 a er o naut ad mi ral ty del i ca cy 
 
 a mi a ble am i ca ble des pi ca bly 
 
 ju di ca ture ar is to crat el i gi ble 
 
 lu mi nous ly ar ro gant ly e qui ta ble 
 
 mu ti nous ly car i ca ture es ti ma ble 
 
 ru in ous ly le gis la ture ex eel len cy 
 
 pa tri ot ism lit er a ture ^p pli ca ble 
 
 se ri ous ness min i a ture fig u ra tive 
 
 stu di ous ly tern per a ture hid e ous ly 
 
 va ri a ble crim in al ly het er o dox 
 
 ac cu rate ly cred it a ble id e o cy 
 
 THE ACORN AND THE PUMPKIN; 
 
 Or, the Fault finder who had strange notions in his head; 
 but which, by accident % were driven out. 
 
 Persons used to reading, need not be told 
 that one reason why a bell makes so much 
 noise is, because it is empty, and has a long 
 tongue. It is supposed, in this respect, to 
 resemble such people as have much to say, on 
 subjects which they know very little about. 
 
 A person of this class lay down, at noon, 
 on a hot summer day, in the shade of a tall 
 oak tree. It was in afield where many pump- 
 kins were growing, and just beginning to ri- 
 pen, as the month of August drew to a close. 
 Several children were standing around, to 
 hear this boasting contriver explain his fine 
 schemes. 
 
in fa mous ly 
 in no cent ly 
 ir ri ta ble 
 lam en ta ble 
 lin e a ment 
 lit er al ly 
 mal e a ble 
 medicament 
 mem o ra ble 
 nat ur al ly 
 nav i ga ble 
 pal li a tive 
 pen e tra ble 
 per ish a ble 
 pit e ous ly 
 pit i a ble 
 pref er a ble 
 rem e di less 
 ref er a ble 
 
 (53) 
 
 rev er ent ly 
 rev o ca ble 
 sen su al ist 
 sep a rate ly 
 sep tu a gint 
 sev er al ly 
 slan der ous ly 
 slip per i ness 
 spec u la tive 
 spir it u al 
 suf fer a ble 
 tab er na cle 
 ter min a ble 
 ul ti mate ly 
 val u a bte 
 ven er a ble 
 ven om ous ly 
 vig or ous ly 
 vul ner a ble 
 
 bar ba rous ly 
 mar ket a ble 
 par don a ble 
 com mon al ty 
 hos pi ta ble 
 cop u la tive 
 joe u lar ly 
 nom in a tive 
 ob du ra cy 
 ob sti na cy 
 ob vi ous ly 
 oc cu pan cy 
 op er a tive 
 prof it a ble 
 prod i gal ly 
 pop u lous ness 
 pros per ous ly 
 tol er a ble 
 vol a tile ness 
 
 As he looked up and saw the acorns on the 
 branches, he began to call the works of nature 
 in question, and was stupid enough to imagine 
 that if it had depended on him, he should have 
 the arrangement of affairs much better. 
 
 'What an elegant world,' said he, 6 this 
 might have been! and why is it that the num- 
 berless objects which compose it are so out 
 of place? It appears to me that almost every 
 thing about it is wrong! 
 
 Why is it so ordered that people have most 
 fevers, in the low grounds of Europe and the 
 United States, when the quinquina, or Jesuits' 
 
 e2 = 
 
<___) 
 
 TABLE XI. 
 
 Plain words of four syllables , the chief accent on the first, 
 and secondary accent on the third. 
 
 Cft.li na ry ad ver sa ry dig ni ta ry 
 
 lu mi na ry an ti qua ry em is sa ry 
 
 mo men ta ^y ax il la ry es tu a ry 
 
 nu me ra ry bal ne a ry feb ru a ry 
 
 tu te la ry cap il la ry gran u la ry 
 
 a pi a ry cur so ra ry jan i za ry 
 
 a vi a ry cus torn a ry jan u a ry 
 
 bark, which is good for fevers, grows only on 
 the mountains of Peru, thousands of miles 
 from where it is wanted?' 
 
 ' These acorns,' said he, 4 not larger than 
 the end of my finger, are hung aloft, on this 
 stately oak, where they make such a misera- 
 ble appearance that they can hardly be seen: 
 while the great yellow pumpkins, so excellent 
 for pies, are lying here to spoil, on the dirty 
 plowed ground. 
 
 I would have had the acorns grow, like ber- 
 ries, on low briers, or vines, and these large 
 pumpkins on the tree, where they would 
 make a far better show, and one which it 
 would be delightful to behold. 
 
 This idle talker would have said much 
 more, about altering the world, as he sup- 
 posed it ought to be; but just at the moment, 
 a plump acorn, dropping from the stem, fell, 
 with a smart rap, on his face. ; Ah, ah!' said 
 he, as the tingling blow started the tears, ' if 
 this acorn had been a pumpkin, it would have 
 broken my head.' 
 
lap i da ry 
 lit e ra ry 
 mam miliary 
 max il la ry 
 med ul la ry 
 mer ce na ry 
 mil i ta ry 
 mil le na ry # 
 pap il la ry 
 preb en da ry 
 plan et a ry 
 pul raon a ry 
 sal u ta ry 
 sane tu a ry 
 sec on da ry 
 sec re ta ry 
 sed en ta ry 
 sem i na ry 
 stat u a ry 
 sub lu na ry 
 tern po ra ry 
 tit u la ry 
 trib u ta ry 
 un du la ry 
 cor o na ry 
 for mu la ry 
 mor tu a ry 
 or di na ry 
 
 ( » ) 
 
 com et a ry 
 com mentary 
 com mis sa ry 
 drom e da ry 
 sol i ta ry 
 vol un ta ry 
 ar bi tra ry 
 ar bo ra ry 
 ac ri mo ny 
 ad vo ca cy 
 ag ri cui ture 
 al a bas ter 
 al i mo ny 
 an ti mo ny 
 ap o plex y 
 cat er pil lar 
 cer e mo ny 
 dif fi cul ty 
 mat ri mo ny 
 mis eel la ny 
 necromancer 
 plen ti fully 
 pres i den cy 
 tab er na cle 
 tes sel "la ted 
 um bel la ted 
 ni ga to ry 
 vi bra to ry 
 
 al le go ry 
 am a to ry 
 des ul to ry 
 dil a to ry 
 ex ere to ry 
 in ven to ry 
 man da to ry 
 per emp to ry 
 pred a to ry 
 pref a to ry 
 pur ga to ry 
 rep er to ry 
 ter ri to ry 
 tran si to ry 
 hu di to ry 
 or a to ry 
 mon i to ry 
 prom is so ry 
 prom on to ry 
 or tho dox y 
 or tho e py 
 wi ter mel on 
 pdr si mo ny 
 par ti ci pie 
 cem e te ry 
 dys en ter y 
 mil li ner y # 
 pres by ter y* 
 
 * The word mil le na ry relates to a thousand. 
 Mil li ner y signifies the articles sold by a milliner. 
 The word pres by te ry has often been erroneously pronounced 
 pres byt e ry, 
 
(06.) 
 
 TABLE XII. 
 
 Easy words of four syllables, with the 
 
 Ab bre vi ate com e di an 
 ab ste mi ous com mo di ous 
 a e ri al com mu ni ty 
 
 ac cu mu late conclusively 
 a do ra ble con ge ni al 
 ag glu ti nate con nu bi al 
 al le gi ance ere du li ty 
 cri te ri on 
 cu ta ne ous 
 de du ci ble 
 de fi na ble 
 de mo ni ac 
 dis pu ta tive 
 e lu cid ate 
 
 al le vi ate 
 al lo di al 
 al lu sive ly 
 al lu vi on 
 al u min ous 
 a me na ble 
 a me ni ty 
 
 am mo ni ac 
 an te ri or 
 anx i e ty 
 a o ni an 
 a pe ri ent 
 as so ci ate 
 bar ba ri an 
 bi tu min ous 
 cal ca ri ous 
 cir cu it ous 
 cen tu ri on 
 ce ru le an 
 col le gi ate 
 col lo qui al 
 
 e nn mer ate 
 er ro ne ous 
 ex pe di ent 
 ex pe ri ence 
 fer ru gin ous 
 for tu i tous 
 fu tu ri ty 
 gar ru li ty 
 gre ga ri ous 
 gra tu it ous 
 bar mo ni ous 
 his to ri an 
 hy me ne al 
 il lu so ry 
 
 accent on the second. 
 
 m me di ate 
 m mu ni ty 
 m mu ta ble 
 m pi e ty 
 m pla ca ble 
 m pru dent ly 
 m pu ni ty 
 m pu ta ble 
 n ca pa ble 
 n clu sive ly 
 n cu ra bly 
 n de cen cy 
 n e bri ate 
 n fu ri ate 
 
 in glo ri ous 
 in gre di ent 
 in ju ri ous 
 in scru ta ble 
 in te ri or 
 in tu i tive 
 in vi ting ly 
 le gu min ous 
 le vi a than 
 li bra ri an 
 lu gu bri ous 
 lux u ri ous 
 ma te ri al 
 ma tu ri ty 
 
mau sd le urn 
 me lo di ous 
 me mo ri al 
 mer cu ri al 
 mys te ri ous 
 no ta ri al 
 nee ta re ous 
 o be di ence 
 ne fa ri ous 
 ob scu ri ty 
 nun eu pa tive 
 ob se qui ous 
 op pro brious 
 o va ri ous 
 par tu ri ent 
 pe nu ri ous 
 
 pellucid ness 
 pos te ri or 
 pre ca ri ous 
 pre to ri an 
 pro cu ra ble 
 pro du ci ble 
 pro pri e ty 
 pro tu ber ance 
 re du ci ble 
 re muner ate 
 re sto ra tive 
 sa lu bri ous 
 sa ti e ty 
 se cu ri ty 
 so bri e ty 
 so ci e ty 
 
 (57) 
 
 spon ta ne ous 
 su pe ri or 
 sup port a ble 
 te ne bri ous 
 te nu i ty 
 ter ra que ous 
 tra ge di an 
 un du ti ful 
 vo lu min ous 
 u to pi an 
 ux o ri ous 
 va cu i ty 
 va ri e ty 
 vi ca ri ous 
 vie to ri ous 
 vin de mi al 
 
 vi tu per ate 
 a bil i ty 
 ab su'r di ty 
 a cad e my 
 ac eel e rate 
 ac cen tu ate 
 ac cept a ble 
 ac cliv i ty 
 ac tiv i ty 
 ad min is ter 
 ad mis si ble 
 ad ven tur ous 
 ad verb i al 
 ad ver si ty 
 advertisement 
 a dul te rate 
 
 a dul te ry 
 af fin i ty 
 a lac ri ty 
 a mal gam ate 
 am big u ous 
 am phib i ous 
 a nal o gous 
 an tith e sis 
 ap pel a tive 
 ap pur te nance 
 as cen dan cy 
 as per i ty 
 as sas sin ate 
 as sev er ate 
 as sim i late 
 at ten tive ly 
 
 at ten u ate 
 a vid i ty 
 be at i tude 
 be nef i cence 
 be nev o lent 
 bi en ni al 
 bi val vu lar 
 bo tan i cal 
 bru tal i ty 
 ca lam i ty 
 ca lid i ty 
 ca lum ni ate 
 cap tiv i ty 
 cent en ni al 
 car niv o rous 
 ta tas tro phe 
 
(58) 
 
 ce leb ri ty ca thol i con de lin quen cy 
 ce ler i ty com mod i ty de lir i ous 
 ce lib a cy con com it ant de pend en cy 
 cen trip e tal conglomerate dex ter it y 
 cer tif i cate cor rob o rate di ag o nal 
 circumference de moc ra cy di am e ter 
 ci vil i ty demon strativedi rec to ry 
 
 cli mac ter ic dis con so late dis par i ty 
 co ad ju tor e con o my dis sat is fy 
 co in ci dence e mol u ment dis sem i nate 
 col lat er al i dol a trous e lab o rate 
 com bust i ble im pol i tic e lect o ral 
 commemorate ac cord ing ly e man ci pate 
 com pat i ble con form i ty embezzle ment 
 compendious co or din ate e phem e ral 
 com pul so ry e nor mi ty em bas sa dor 
 
 con cav i ty im por tu nate e rad ic ate 
 con fed er ate ac count a ble ex as pe rate 
 con grat u late al low a ble e vap o rate 
 con sec u tive surmountable ex ec u tive 
 con vex i ty cu pid i ty ex em pli fy 
 con viv i al cor pus cu lar ex pect an cy 
 accommodatede bil i tate for mal i ty 
 ac com pa ny de cap i tate fra ter ni ty 
 an thol o gy de cid u ous fu til i ty 
 a pol o gize de clar a tive gen til i ty 
 a pos ta cy de cliv i ty gran iv or ous 
 astonishment de crep i tude gram mat ic al 
 as trol o ger de fin i tive Kept ag on al 
 as tron o my de gen er ate he ret ic al 
 ba rom e ter de lib er ate hex am e ter 
 ca non ic al de lin e ate hex an gu lar 
 
hi lar i ty 
 hu man i ty 
 hu mid i ty 
 hy per bo le 
 hy poc ri sy 
 i den tic al 
 i den ti fy 
 il lib er al 
 il lit er ate 
 im mac u late 
 im pet u ous 
 in ad e quate 
 in an i mate 
 in ces sant ly 
 in clem en cy 
 in cred i bly 
 
 in dec o rous 
 in def i nite 
 in del i cate 
 in dem ni fy 
 in die a tive 
 in dig ni ty 
 in dus tri ous 
 in ef fa ble 
 in el e gant 
 in fal li bly 
 in fant i cide 
 in fin i ty 
 in flex i ble 
 in gen u ous 
 in grat i tude 
 in sen si ble 
 
 (39) 
 
 n sid i ous 
 n sin u ate 
 n teg ri ty 
 n teg u ment 
 n tel li gence 
 n tern per ate 
 n tim i date 
 n tract a ble 
 n val i date 
 n ves ti gate 
 n vet er ate 
 n vid i ous 
 n vig or ate 
 n vin ci ble 
 r rel a tive 
 r rev er ent 
 
 ju rid ic al 
 lat in i ty 
 lix iv i urn 
 Ion gev i ty 
 lu cid i ty 
 ma lev o lence 
 magnanimous 
 ma lig ni ty 
 mellifluous 
 me rid i an 
 me tal lur gy 
 me thod ic al 
 me ton y my 
 mi crom e ter 
 mil len ni al 
 mi rac u lous 
 
 mis cal cu late 
 mo ral i ty 
 mor tal i ty 
 mu nif i cence 
 ne ces si ty 
 ob lit er ate 
 ob liv i on 
 oct ag on al 
 oct an gu lar 
 oct en ni al 
 of fen sive ly 
 ol fac to ry 
 om nip o tent 
 or bic u lar 
 pa lat in ate 
 par ab o la 
 
 pa ren the sis 
 par tic u lar 
 pe des tri an 
 pen in su la 
 pent ag on al 
 pent am e ter 
 per am bu late 
 per cept i ble 
 per cip i ent 
 per en ni al 
 per fid i ous 
 per im e ter 
 per iph e ry 
 per pet u al 
 per spic u ous 
 per plex i ty 
 
(60) 
 
 pes tif er ous pre pos ter ous re feet o ry 
 philanthropy preponderate re fract o ry 
 phi lol o gist pri or i ty re fran gi ble 
 
 phi los o pher pre rog a tive re gen er ate 
 pi rat ic al pre nom in al re it er ate 
 p-lu ral i ty pre oc cu py re lin quish ing 
 po lit ic al re spon si ble re mem ber ing 
 po lyg a my in cor po rate re pub lie an 
 pon tif ic al in form i ty re sus ci tate 
 po lar i ty in or din ate re tal i ate 
 pos sess o ry prim or din ate re tic u lar 
 pos ter i ty sub or din ate re trib u tive 
 pre cip i tate un for tu nate re turn a ble 
 pre die a ment pre p&r a tive re ver ber ate 
 pre em i nent presentiment re vers i ble 
 pre med i tate pre var i cate ro tund i ty 
 
 im pSs si ble pro gen i tor sab bat ic al 
 
 im prob a ble pro lix i ty scur ril i ty 
 
 im prov i dent pro mis cu ous sept en ni al 
 
 in com pe tent pro pen si ty se ren i ty 
 
 in con stan cy pro pin qui ty ser vil i ty 
 
 incontinence pros per i ty sig nif i cant 
 
 in oc u late prox im i ty si mil i tude 
 
 in tol er ant quadrangular sin cer i ty 
 
 i ron i cal ra pid i ty so lem ni ty 
 
 3i thog ra phy re al i ty so lid i ty 
 
 li tbot o mist re an i mate so -HI o quy 
 
 ma hog a ny re cep ta cle som nif er ous 
 
 mon op o ly re cip i ent so phist ic al 
 
 or thog raphy re cip ro cate sta bil i ty 
 
 phe nom e non re crim in ate ster il i ty 
 
 pre dom i nate rect an gu lar stu pid i ty 
 
(_6M 
 
 sub ser vi ent tu miilt u ous ges tic u late 
 
 sub lim i ty ty ran ni cal im per ti nence 
 
 sub til i ty u nan i mous in ter ro gate 
 
 sue ces sive ly un nat u ral nonen ti ty 
 
 su per flu ous va lid i ty nu mer ic al 
 
 su per la tive ve nal i ty ob strep er ous 
 
 su prem a cy ven tril o quist pre cip it ous 
 
 sus cept i ble ve rid ic al sym bol ic al 
 
 sym met ric al ver nac u lar syn on y mous 
 
 te mer i ty ve sic u lar sar coph a gus 
 
 te pid i ty vi cin i ty ge om e try 
 
 ter res tri al vi cis si tude the oc ra cy 
 
 trans fer a ble vi tal i ty the ol o gist 
 
 tri an gu lar vo cal i ty ther mom e ter 
 
 tri en ni al vo cif er ous to pog ra.phy 
 
 trans lu cen cy vul gar i ty ver bos i ty 
 
 TABLE XIII. 
 
 Easy words of four syllables, chief accent on the third, and 
 secondary on the first. 
 
 Af fi da vit in no va tor no men cla tor 
 an ti cli max in ter fer ence perse ve ranee 
 an ti fe brile in ter lo per pre sen sa tion 
 ab so lute ness in ter mu ral pro lo cu tor 
 ap pa ra tus jurisprudence pro mul ga tor 
 commentator me di a tor reg u la tor 
 ded i ca tor mod er a tor pros e cu tor 
 disagreement par ri ci dal spec u la tor 
 ho mo ge nous pec u la tor un as pi ring 
 in de co rum nav i ga tor un de cay ing 
 in dis creet ly per se cu tor un dis pu ted 
 
( 62 ) 
 
 ad a man tine in nu en do re per ciir sive 
 ad o les eence in of fen sive rep re hen sive 
 a ma ranth ine in ter mar ry re tro spec tive 
 ante mundane in ter m in gle sac ra ment al 
 at ra ment al in ter mit tent sci en tif ic 
 ben e fac tor in tu mes ence so bor if ic 
 cal or if ic mal e fac tor su dor if ic 
 dem o crat ic man i fest o su per car go 
 dip lo mat ic man u fac ture superstructure 
 dis ad van tage mathematics syc o phant ic 
 dis con tent ed memorandum sym pa thet ic 
 dis con tin ue mu ri at ic symp torn at ic 
 dis in her it oc ci dent al the o crat ic 
 ef flo rescence o ce an ic tho o ret ic 
 em blem at ic o ri ent al un der val ue 
 ep i dem ic or na ment al un for giv ing 
 e van es cent pan e gyr ic metamorphose 
 ev er last ing par a lyt ic nonconform ist 
 fun da ment al pat ro nym ic con tra die tion 
 hy dro stat ic ped o bap tist his tri on ic 
 in ci dent ai pred e ces sor met a phor ic 
 in con sist ent pet ri fac tive e co nom ic 
 incorrectness pol y an thus par e gor ic 
 independence re as sem ble phil o soph ic 
 in di rect ly re im burs ed dis a vow al 
 
 TABLE XIV. 
 
 Easy words of four syllables y chief accent on the fourth, j 
 and the secondary accent on the first. 
 
 Su per in dice su per a bound mul ti pli cand 
 charioteer misapprehend superintend 
 el e cam pane mis rep re sent a voir du pois 
 an i mad vert misunderstand an te pe nfilt 
 
(63) 
 
 TABLE XV. 
 
 Plain words of five syllables, chief accent on the third, and 
 minor accent on the first. 
 
 Ac ri mo ni ous 
 am bi gu i ty 
 am phi the a tre 
 ap o the o sis 
 as si du i ty 
 as tro lo gi an 
 con tu me li ous 
 cer e mo ni al 
 del e te ri ous 
 dis o be di ent 
 ep i cu re an 
 
 ex com mu ni cate 
 hy dro pho bi a 
 im ma te ri al 
 im me mo ri al 
 im por tu ni ty 
 im pro pri e ty 
 in con so la ble 
 in cor po re al 
 in ere du li ty 
 in de cli na ble 
 in dis pu ta ble 
 in ex pe di ent 
 in ge nu i ty 
 in se cu ri ty 
 in stan ta ne ous 
 in sup port a ble 
 in ter change a bly 
 
 in ter me di ate 
 ir re fu ta ble 
 jus ti fi a ble 
 mat ri mo ni al 
 mer i to ri ous 
 min is te ri al 
 mis eel la ne ous 
 mul ti fa ri ous 
 op por tu ni ty 
 or a to ri o 
 pat ri mo ni al 
 
 per pe tu i ty 
 per spi cu i ty 
 pres by te ri an 
 pri mo ge ni al 
 sane ti mo ni ous 
 sen a to ri al 
 si mul ta ne ous 
 sub ter ra ne ous 
 su per flu i ty 
 tes ti mo ni al 
 ter ri to ri al 
 un de ni a ble 
 in con ceiv a ble 
 ir re triev a ble 
 ir re claim a bly 
 ir re proach a ble 
 ac a dem ic al 
 
[ ( 
 
 64 ) 
 
 ac ci d£nt al ly 
 
 in com btis ti ble 
 
 af fa bil i ty 
 
 in com pat i ble 
 
 al pha bet ic al 
 
 in com press i ble 
 
 el e ment a ry 
 
 in con sid er ate 
 
 ar gu ment a tive 
 
 in con sist en cy 
 
 an a lyt ic al 
 
 in con test a bly 
 
 a the ist ic al 
 
 in cor rupt i ble 
 
 car a van sa ry 
 
 in de struct i ble 
 
 con tra diet o ry 
 
 in di gest i ble 
 
 cir cum nav i gate 
 
 in dis crim in ate 
 
 / cor di al i ty 
 
 in dis pen sa ble 
 
 di a met ric al 
 
 in di vid u al 
 
 du ra bil i ty 
 
 in ef feet u al 
 
 e qua nim i ty 
 
 in e qual i ty 
 
 e qui lat er al 
 
 in fi del i ty 
 
 e qui lib ri um 
 
 in ex press i ble 
 
 e van gel ic al 
 
 in hu man i ty 
 
 gen e al o gy 
 
 in sig nif i cant 
 
 ge o graph ic al 
 
 in sin cer i ty 
 
 hos pi tal i ty 
 
 in sip id i ty 
 
 hy dro ceph a lus 
 
 in sta bil i ty 
 
 hy per crit ic al 
 
 in tel lect u al 
 
 hy po thet ic al 
 
 in ter diet o ry 
 
 ig no min i ous 
 
 in tre pid i ty 
 
 il le git i mate 
 
 in tro duct o ry 
 
 im be cil i ty 
 
 in val id i ty 
 
 im mo ral i ty 
 
 ir re frag a bly 
 
 im uxor tal i ty 
 
 lib er al i ty 
 
 im per cept i ble 
 
 mag na nim i ty 
 
 in ac ces si ble 
 
 math e mat i cal 
 
 in ar tic u late 
 
 man u fac to ry 
 
 in ci vil i ty 
 
 min e ral o gy 
 
( 
 
 65) 
 
 mon o syl la ble 
 
 an a mor pho sis 
 
 mil ta bil i ty 
 
 met a mor pho sis 
 
 or tho graph ic al 
 
 u ni form i ty 
 
 par al lei o gram 
 
 a er ol o gy 
 
 par ti cip i al 
 
 al le gor ic al 
 
 per pen die u lar 
 
 an a torn ic al 
 
 per son al i ty 
 
 an i mos i ty 
 
 pol y pet a lous 
 
 ar is toe ra cy 
 
 pop u lar i ty 
 
 as tro nom ic al 
 
 pol y syl la ble 
 
 cat e gor ic al 
 
 pos si bil i ty 
 
 cu ri os i ty 
 
 punc tu al i ty 
 
 deu ter on o my 
 
 pu sil Ian i mous 
 
 e co nom ic al 
 
 pyr a mid ic al 
 
 et y mol o gy 
 
 quad ri lat er al 
 
 gen er os i ty 
 
 rec ti lin e ar 
 
 hip po pot a mus 
 
 reg u lar i ty 
 
 hor i zon tal ly 
 
 sa tis fac to ry 
 
 hyp o con dri ac 
 
 sen si bil i ty 
 
 in ter rog a tive 
 
 &en su al i ty 
 
 lex i cog ra pher 
 
 sin gu lar i ty 
 
 me di oc ri ty 
 
 su per em i nent 
 
 me tro po li tan 
 
 su per nat u ral 
 
 or a tor ic al 
 
 sup pie ment a ry 
 
 os te ol o gy 
 
 syl lo gist ic al 
 
 par a dox ic al 
 
 ta" ci turn i ty 
 
 pe ri od ic al 
 
 tes ta ment a ry 
 
 phi lo soph ic al 
 
 typ o graph ic al 
 
 trig o nom e try 
 
 un e quiv o cal 
 
 un a vdid a ble 
 
 val e die to ry 
 
 in sur mount a ble 
 
 ver sa til i ty 
 
 un ac count a ble 
 
 f2 
 
( 66 
 
 ) 
 
 TABLE XVI. 
 
 PloAn words of five syllables, 
 
 the chief accent on the se- 
 
 cond, and minor accent on the fifth. 
 
 Ab ste mi ous ness 
 
 in dif fer ent ly 
 
 J de plo ra ble ness 
 
 in dis so lu ble 
 
 I im pe ri ous ness 
 
 in ef fi ca cy 
 
 com mu ni ca tive 
 
 in es ti ma ble 
 
 in du bi ta ble 
 
 in'ev it a bly 
 
 in ge ni ous ]y 
 
 in ex o ra ble 
 
 in nu me ra ble 
 
 in ex pli ca ble 
 
 in su per a ble 
 
 in im i ta ble 
 
 in va ri a bly 
 
 in sep a ra ble 
 
 ma te ri al ly 
 
 in suf fer a ble 
 
 no to ri ous ly 
 
 in tel li.gi ble 
 
 un favor a ble 
 
 in val u a ble 
 
 con fed e ra cy 
 
 in vul ner a ble 
 
 de lib er a tive 
 
 las civ i ous ness 
 
 $ quiv o cal ly 
 
 le git i ma cy 
 
 e vent u al ly 
 
 sep ten tri on al 
 
 her met ic al ly 
 
 un char it a ble 
 
 il lus tri ous ly 
 
 a bom in a ble 
 
 im pen e tra ble 
 
 au thor i ta tive 
 
 im per ish a ble 
 
 cor rob or a tive 
 
 im prac ti ca ble 
 
 im mod er ate ly 
 
 in ac cu ra cy 
 
 in cor ri gi ble 
 
 in ap pli ca ble 
 
 in hos pi ta ble 
 
 in cal cu la ble 
 
 in tol er a bly 
 
 in del i ca cy 
 
 pre pos ter ous ly 
 
(67) 
 
 THE LITTLE SAWYER, FRANK LUCAS. 
 
 Mrs. Corbon kept a village school in the state of 
 New-York. She had a noble mind and was a friend 
 to all good children. One cold morning in the winter, 
 a small boy came along, with a saw on his arm, and 
 wanted this lady to hire him to saw wood. She said, 
 one of her neighbours, a trusty man, would like to saw 
 the wood, and she did not wish to hire any body else. 
 
 " O dear," said the boy, " what shall I do ?" " Why, 
 little fellow," said she, " what is the matter ?" He an- 
 swered, "my father is blind, mother is sick, and I left 
 my sister crying at home, for fear poor ma will die." 
 
__) 
 
 TABLE XVII. 
 
 Plain words of five syllables, the chief accent on the se- 
 cond, and minor accent on the fourth. 
 
 In fil ri a ted 
 
 pro cu ra to ry 
 pro pri e ta ry 
 au then ti ca ted 
 con tem po ra ry 
 ex clam a to ry 
 ex plan a to ry 
 ex tem po ra ry 
 he red it a ry 
 in cen di a ry 
 in flam ma to ry 
 
 pro hib it o ry 
 pre lim in a ry 
 pre par a to ry 
 stip en di a ry 
 sub sid i a ry 
 vo cab u la ry 
 vo lup tu a ry 
 ad mon i to ry 
 a poth e ca ry 
 con sol a to ry 
 in vol un ta ry 
 
 The following words have the chief accent on the fourth 
 syllable. 
 
 Ad min is tra tor 
 ca lum ni a tor 
 cir cum lo cu tor 
 de nom in a tor 
 ne go ti a tor 
 a man u en sis 
 an ti pa thet ic 
 
 an ti sple net ic 
 cir cum fe ren ter 
 di a pho ret ic 
 ex per i ment al 
 hi er glyph ic 
 su per a bun dant 
 su per in tend ent 
 
 I take care of them as well as I can, but they have 
 nothing to eat. I want to work and get something for 
 them." Mrs. Corbon had never seen this lad before, 
 and did not know what his name was, till he told her : 
 but she perceived he was a boy of uncommon good- 
 ness, because he was so kind to his parents and sister. 
 He shivered very much with the cold ; for he was but 
 thinly drest, and his ear locks were white with frost. 
 The lady asked him to come in and warm himself. 
 
(69) 
 
 TABLE XVIII. 
 
 Plain woTids of six syllables, chief accent on the fourth, and 
 minor accent on the first. 
 
 An te di hi vi an par a pher na li a 
 
 dis ci pli na ri an ar is to crat ic al 
 
 het e ro ge ne ous an te me rid i an 
 
 me di a to ri al gen er al is si mo 
 
 As he sat in a chair by the fire, she saw the tears 
 run down his cheeks, and she tried to comfort him. 
 " It is not for myself," said Frank, " that I cry. I don't 
 mind a little cold; but I can't help thinking of the 
 family at home. We used to be very happy ; but a 
 sad change has happened in our house." "Are you not 
 hungry," said Mrs. Corbon ?" Not much ma'am: that 
 is not what troubles me. I had some potato for dinner 
 yesterday." "Did you not have supper last night?" 
 " No, ma'am." " Nor breakfast, this morning ?" " Not 
 yet : but no matter : I shall get some by and by. If I 
 try to do well, God will protect me : for so my precious 
 mother says. I believe she is the best woman in the 
 world. If I did not think she was, I would not say so." 
 " You are a brave lad," said the lady, " I will be your 
 friend, if you have not an other on earth ;" and the tears 
 sparkled in her eyes as she gave him a biscuit w T ith a 
 piece of meat, on a small plate. " Thank you, ma'am," 
 said Frank • " if you please, I will keep them to carry 
 home. Don't you think, ma'am, that any body will 
 hire me to saw wood ?" " Yes, my dear little fellow," 
 she answered, " I will give you money to saw mine." 
 He thanked her again, and ran to the wood pile to 
 begin his work. The lady put on her cloak and went 
 out among her neighbours. 
 
(70) 
 
 hi er o glyph ie al 
 sem i di am e ter 
 su per in ten den cy 
 trig o no met ric al 
 in stru ment al i ty 
 
 his to ri 6g ra pher 
 im pet u os i ty 
 in fe ri or i ty . 
 unphilo soph ical 
 su pe ri or i ty 
 
 Minor accent on the second syllable. 
 
 Ex tem po ra ne ous 
 un cer e mo ni ous 
 in vol un ta ri ly 
 un ne ces sa ri ly 
 dis sim i lar i ty 
 ex per i ment al ly 
 
 in con tro vert i ble 
 in cred i bil i ty 
 in flex i bil i ty 
 in com pre hen si ble 
 ir reg u lar i ty 
 ma te ri al i ty 
 
 Chief accent on the third syllable, and minor accent on the 
 first and fifth. 
 
 Su per mi me ra ry ex tra or di na ry 
 rec om men da to ry in ter loc u to ry 
 su per an nu a ted in ter rog a to ry 
 
 She told them Frank wa& one of the best boys she 
 had ever seen, and hoped they would do something 
 to help the little fellow to provide for the family. So 
 they came to her house, where he was, and one gave 
 him a six cent piece, another a shilling, and a third 
 twenty-five cents, till they made up nearly three dol- 
 lars. They presented him a loaf of bread, part of a 
 cheese, some meat and cake, a jug of milk, and some 
 apples to roast for his sick mother, with a snug basket 
 to put them all in : so that he had as much as he could 
 carry. He told them he was very much obliged to them 
 indeed ; but he did not wish to be a beggar. He chose 
 to work and pay for what he had, if they would let 
 him : but they said he must not stay now. He might 
 see to that an other time. 
 
( 71 ) 
 
 Chief accent on the second syllable. 
 
 Con grit u la to ry re ver be ra to ry 
 con cil i a to ry ex pos tu la to ry 
 
 Minor accent on the first and last syllable, chief accent on 
 the third. 
 
 In stan tk ne ous ly dis in gen u ous ly 
 
 cer e mo ni ous ly hy po crit ic al ly 
 
 ma gis te ri al ly ille git i ma cy 
 
 mer i to ri ous ly in de fat i ga ble 
 
 ir re me di a ble ig no min i ous ly 
 
 dis o be di ent ly in con sid er ate ly 
 
 cir cum nav i ga ble math e mat ic al ly 
 
 di a met ric al ly di a bol ic al ly 
 
 Accent on the first, third, and fifth syllables. 
 
 An ti trin i ta ri an in com pat i bil i ty 
 an ti min is te ri al im ma te ri al i ty 
 val e tu di na ri an in cor rupt i bil i ty 
 
 "We are going," said Mrs. Corbon, "to send the 
 things to your mother ; because she is such an excellent 
 lady, and I should like to go and see her myself." Frank j 
 hurried back, tugging his load, and the whole family 
 cried for joy. " Bless your dear little heart," said his 
 poor blind father ; " come here and let me get hold of 
 you. I hope, my son, you will never be unable to see 
 the friends you love : but we must not complain, nor 
 forget the favors we receive, because we cannot have 
 every thing as we wish. My dear wife, a blessing has 
 | come upon us all for the sake of our dutiful child. He 
 is one of nature's noblemen. His badges are not a 
 star and ribbon ; but a head and heart." The good 
 man raised his hands in prayer, and thanked the 
 Creator of the world for giving him so hopeful a son. 
 
(72) 
 
 TABLE XX. 
 
 Words of two syllables, accented on the first. — This selec- 
 tion is chiefly of plain words, though generally more 
 difficult than those of Table 3. 
 
 A corn b6at swain cli mate 
 a gue bow sprit close ness 
 
 aid ance 
 a pish 
 
 a pron 
 a cre # 
 an gel # 
 bailiff 
 bea con 
 
 brace let 
 
 breed ing 
 
 bri die 
 
 bright ness cray on 
 
 bro ken cy cle 
 
 cloth ing 
 co hort 
 co ving 
 
 d^ing 
 ea gle 
 east ward 
 ea sy 
 e diet 
 eve ning 
 e vil 
 fa cing 
 fail ing 
 fa mous 
 fear less 
 fee ble 
 
 brew er cy press 
 bu gle dain ty 
 
 dai sy 
 cam bric # dan ger # 
 cham ber # day book 
 cheap ness deep ness fi ber # 
 child hood do tage fi nite 
 ci pher dray man 
 claim ant drea ry 
 clear ance dry ness 
 cleav er du ranee 
 
 fire wood 
 flee cy 
 flo rist 
 fo cal 
 
 beard less ca dence 
 
 beast ly 
 
 bea ver 
 
 bee hive 
 
 be som 
 
 blind fold 
 
 board er 
 
 boast er 
 
 boat man 
 
 It is thirty years since this affair happened, and the 
 same Frank Lucas is now a judge, and one of the first 
 men in the country where he lives. His father is at 
 rest. Twenty summers the bell-flower has bloomed 
 on his peaceful grave. His mother has grown very 
 old and feeble, and can just walk about the house, 
 leaning on her staff. She still lives with her son. He 
 says it will be but a short time before this revered pa- 
 rent must be called away to her eternal home : but 
 while her life is spared, it shall be his delight to make 
 her last days happy. He often says, " I should have 
 been a poor wretch, if it had not been for the early 
 care of my kind mother. M 
 
(73) 
 
 fd cus 
 fra grant 
 free dom 
 fro ward 
 game ster 
 
 gaily 
 grace ful 
 grea sy 
 gree dy 
 grindstone 
 hast en 
 has ty 
 hay mow 
 heal ing 
 hear say 
 hind most 
 
 li cense 
 light ning 
 like wise 
 lime stone 
 li ver # 
 lo cust 
 lone ly 
 lu cre # 
 ly ing 
 ma pie 
 ma son 
 ma tron # 
 maid en 
 man ger # 
 man gy # 
 mea sles 
 
 6 nyx 
 pain ful 
 paint ing 
 pasteboard 
 past ry 
 pa tron # 
 pay ment 
 pave ment 
 peace ful 
 pea cock 
 peer less 
 pe trol 
 phe nix 
 pi ous 
 plu mage 
 por ter 
 
 si lence 
 si phon 
 sleep er 
 state ment 
 steam boat 
 steel yard 
 stran ger 
 teach er 
 to ken 
 to wards 
 tri pod 
 tri glyph 
 tri umph 
 tro phy 
 tues day 
 tu nic 
 
 This good old lady talks very sensibly about the dif- 
 ferent scenes she has passed through in life. She has 
 been rich, and then very poor, and now is rich again, 
 in having so excellent a son. She is like a living his- 
 tory of the years that are gone, and the changes which 
 have taken place, in this favoured nation, since she 
 was a little child, and she now seems only waiting for 
 her Redeemer to call her to that bright world where 
 the souls of the righteous dwell, and where all is joy 
 and peace. 
 
 Judge Lucas is married to a charming lady, and has 
 live children. They go to school; and their father 
 tells them that if they intend ever to be useful, they 
 must learn well while they are young ; if they expect 
 to be blest, in this world, or the next, they must love 
 God ; honor their parents and teachers, and be kind to 
 all ; and that in this free country, the way for a poor 
 little boy to become a great and happy man, is, to be 
 honest, industrious and good. 
 
(74) 
 
 THE GRAPE VINE. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Halyard were two very sensible and 
 good persons who lived on a farm in New- Jersey. 
 They had four children. Their names were Charles, 
 Jack, Mary and Betsey. These children had a pet 
 lamb that was called Ammon. 
 
 There was a large grape vine that ran up an oak 
 tree, in a meadow, about half a mile from Mr. Hal- 
 yard's house. The vine hung full of grapes, in large 
 clusters. When they were ripe and very fine, Jack 
 asked leave of his mother and invited his sisters to go 
 there with him, one fair day, and get some. The little 
 girls were so pleased with going that they were ready 
 in two minutes. 
 
(75) 
 
 migh ty 
 
 por trait 
 
 twi light 
 
 mi ser 
 
 prai ne 
 
 ty rant 
 
 mi ter # 
 
 pray er 
 
 u nit 
 
 mo hair 
 
 preach er 
 
 u nm 
 
 mu sic 
 
 rain bow 
 
 u sage 
 
 name sake 
 
 reap er 
 
 use ful 
 
 neat ness 
 
 re gion 
 
 vain ly 
 
 nee die 
 
 ri fle 
 
 vice roy 
 
 ncu ter 
 
 right ly 
 
 vi tal 
 
 ni ter # 
 
 ro gwish 
 
 wait er 
 
 no tice 
 
 roll er 
 
 waist band 
 
 nm sance 
 
 ruth less 
 
 weak ness 
 
 oat meal 
 
 sa ber # 
 
 wea se\ 
 
 o gle 
 
 sa chem 
 
 wea ver 
 
 on ly 
 
 se cant 
 
 tun ting 
 
 own er 
 
 se quel 
 
 year ling 
 
 hy drant 
 hy phen 
 hy son 
 ja cinth 
 jew el 
 jui cy 
 julap 
 keen ness 
 keepsake 
 key stone 
 kind ness 
 kite foot 
 kites foot 
 la die 
 lame ness 
 lee ward 
 
 Their mother smiled to see them go off so brisk and 
 happy, and so affectionate to each other. Little birds, 
 she said to herself, as they went out through the gate, 
 they have no trouble nor care. 
 
 Ammon ran playfully along after the children, and 
 Mary said they could let him go as well as not. Jack 
 let down the bars for the girls, and the lamb skipped 
 through with them. 
 
 When little Betsy came under the vine, and saw 
 the great bunches of grapes over her head, she jumped 
 and hollowed, "O! O ! O ! I never did see such a 
 sight, in all my life. What a parcel ! O, I wish my 
 ma was here to see this grape tree." 
 
 The pet lamb cared nothing about fine grapes ; but 
 seeing Betsey so overjoyed, seemed to think she was 
 playing with him. He began to hop up and down 
 too, and they both jumped and capered very much 
 alike. 
 
(76) 
 
 ab bey 
 ab sence 
 ac tor 
 ac tive 
 ad dice 
 ad verse 
 ag ate 
 al mond 
 am ber 
 am bush 
 an them 
 an swer 
 an ise 
 apt ness 
 ast/& ma 
 bag gage 
 
 can vass 
 cap tain 
 car nage 
 cas t]e 
 cen sus 
 cen ter* 
 cen trai 
 cer tain 
 chal lenge 
 chap man 
 cher ish 
 cher ub 
 chest nut 
 chim ney 
 chis el 
 cis tern 
 
 dan dy 
 das tard 
 del uge 
 dis taff 
 dis tant 
 drib let 
 duck ling 
 dwell ing 
 dwin die 
 ec logwe 
 em press 
 em pire 
 emp ty 
 en gine 
 en sign 
 es cort 
 
 gMst ly 
 gin seng 
 gran he 
 grid die 
 gris tie 
 gud geon 
 gwin ea 
 
 gyp m 
 
 gyp sum 
 hag gard 
 ham mock 
 hand some 
 har ass 
 hatch el 
 hatch et 
 haz ard 
 
 The grapes were indeed exceedingly fine. Mary 
 said they were nearly as large as robins' eggs, almost 
 as sweet as honey, and that she had never tasted any 
 half as good. The color was dark purple, inclining to 
 blue. The vine ran over the whole of the tree. 
 
 Jack climbed up among the branches* and the girls 
 held their aprons to catch the beautiful clusters, as he 
 threw them down, till they both got their aprons heap- 
 ing full. Then he scrambled down to the lower limb, 
 and jumped from that to the ground. 
 
 " Now girls," said he, " 1 will tell you what we will 
 do. We will spread these grapes, on this clean grass, 
 and sort them, and pick out the very best bunches to 
 carry home to pa and ma." " O yes*" said Mary, " that 
 is right : so we will." 
 
 " Yes, brother Jack," said little Betsey, " you are 
 a good boy." She was pleased about giving the best 
 grapes to her father and mother, though the little par- 
 rot could hardly speak all her words plain. 
 
( 77 ) 
 
 bap tist 
 bap tism 
 bar rack 
 bed lam 
 bed post 
 ber yl 
 black ing 
 blud gcon 
 brick kiln 
 bris tie 
 fyuck et 
 buck ram 
 bulb ous 
 bur dock 
 bus tie 
 cab bage 
 
 cler gy 
 clev y 
 cres cent 
 crev ice 
 crim son 
 crys tal 
 cud gel 
 cun ning 
 cus tard 
 cut lass 
 cyn ic 
 dam age 
 dam ask 
 dam sel 
 dam son 
 dan druff 
 
 es sence 
 ex it 
 fam ine 
 fash ion 
 fer ret 
 fer vent 
 fes cue 
 fig ure 
 fil bert 
 flas ket 
 frus trate 
 gam bol 
 gam mon 
 gas trie 
 gen tile 
 gent ly 
 
 Ms band 
 hys sop* 
 im age 
 im pulse 
 in jure 
 in quest 
 in road 
 in sigM 
 in stance 
 in voice 
 isth mus 
 jack daw 
 jus tice 
 just ness 
 ker nel 
 ker sey 
 
 " They will be glad," said Jack, " to see that we 
 think so much about them." " Yes," said Mary ; " and 
 an other thing ; let us agree never to quarrel and be 
 cross to each other. 
 
 " If you see me get angry, and act foolishly, do you 
 tell me of it, so that I may leave it off, and behave bet- 
 ter ; and I will do the same with you ; because it is very 
 bad for brothers and sisters to dispute : and you know 
 father and mother are always pleased when they see 
 us kind to each other." 
 
 " Yes, I know that," said Jack : " We can never 
 pay our parents all we owe them, for being so good to 
 us ; but we ought to do all we can, to make them hap- 
 py, and keep up the credit of our family." The little 
 girls both said they would try with all their might. 
 
 " Yes," said Jack, " that i& what all good children 
 should do. When I get to be a great man, pa and ma 
 will be old gray-headed people, and have wrinkles in 
 
 g2 
 
(78) 
 
 kid ney 
 kitch en 
 lack ey 
 land mark 
 land scape 
 Ian tern 
 latch et 
 lat tiee 
 lax ness 
 leg ate 
 lep rous 
 let tuce 
 linch pin 
 lin tel 
 lis ten 
 lus ter # 
 
 mils cle 
 mus tard 
 muz zle 
 mys tie 
 neck lace 
 nes tie 
 nig gard 
 nurs ling 
 nut meg 
 pam phlet 
 pan dect 
 pan ther 
 pass port 
 pas tern 
 pen ance 
 pen cil 
 
 pub lish 
 pud die 
 pum ice 
 pun cheon 
 pun gent 
 pur chase 
 pur pie 
 pur pose 
 purs lain 
 puz zle 
 
 pygmy 
 
 quib* ble 
 quick ness 
 quin sey 
 quiv er 
 rab bin 
 
 res cue 
 res in 
 res pite 
 rib aid 
 rich es 
 rick ets 
 rid dance 
 rip pie 
 ris en 
 rub bish 
 ruffle 
 rus tic 
 rush y 
 sab bath 
 sad ler 
 sad ness 
 
 their faces, like old Mr. Young and his wife ; and then 
 I intend to take care of them.'" 
 
 When they carried home the grapes to their mother, 
 Mary said, " did you ever, in your life, .ma, taste any 
 thing so good ?" " They are very fine indeed, my 
 dear," said Mrs. Halyard. " We picked out all the 
 best, ma, " said Mary, u for you and pa." "Ah, my 
 children," said their mother, "then I shall tell your 
 father of that good action when he comes, and he will 
 like the grapes very much." 
 
 u Ma," said Jack, "are not grapes very wholesome to 
 eat ?" " Yes, my son," said she, u most kinds of fruit are 
 wholesome, if they are ripe, and eaten little at a time. 
 
 " The best things may become hurtful, when taken 
 to excess; and children frequently make themselves 
 sick, with good things, by being too greedy. To be 
 sure people must eat, in order to live ; but I wish my 
 children always to remember that eating is not the 
 chief thing they are to live for." 
 
(79) 
 
 Ids tring* 
 mal ice 
 mar riage 
 mat tock 
 mat tress 
 med ley 
 mer chant 
 mer maid 
 meth od 
 mid dling 
 mid night 
 milk pail 
 mill stone 
 muf fle 
 mul len 
 mur rain 
 
 per jure 
 phal anx 
 phan torn 
 phren sy 
 phys ic 
 pick ax 
 pil grim 
 pin cers 
 pitch fork 
 plan tain 
 plat form 
 pref ace 
 pres ence 
 prim rose 
 prin cess 
 pris on 
 
 rab ble 
 rack et 
 rad ish 
 raffle 
 rank ness 
 ran sack 
 ran som 
 ras cal 
 rav age 
 rav el 
 reck on 
 rec ord 
 red den 
 ren ard 
 ren net 
 rep tile 
 
 saffron 
 sa/m on 
 satch el 
 sav age 
 scab bard 
 scaffold 
 scan dal 
 scant ling 
 seep ter # 
 scis sors 
 scram ble 
 scuffle 
 scur vy 
 sec ond 
 selv age 
 sen ate 
 
 He who made us, is all powerful, wise r and just It 
 is his law that all things here shall pass away. 
 
 All the people in the world must die. Their bodies 
 turn to dust : fhey were made of dust : but our souls 
 will never die. God breathed them into us, and they 
 partake of his divine nature. Our souls will go to an 
 other worlds to be punished if we have been wicked ; 
 and if we have been good, to enjoy everlasting bliss. 
 You will not stay long in this world. It is only to try 
 you, and prepare you for a better one. 
 
 We are all passing rapidly through the present scene. 
 We are all wanderers ' on the earth ; our journeys 
 through this world are drawing to a ^lose. It is a 
 cheering thought to the good, in the hour of death, to 
 know that they are going home to the Father and 
 Redeemer of their souls. He is a kind Parent, and 
 has said he will not forsake those who put their trust 
 in him. His word is true. 
 

 ( 
 
 80 ) 
 
 
 sen tence 
 
 spin ning 
 
 tal mud 
 
 tiir bot 1 
 
 ser aph 
 
 stel lar 
 
 tan $y 
 
 tur gid 1 
 
 ser pent 
 
 stic kle 
 
 tank ard 
 
 tur key 1 
 
 ser vice 
 
 strag gle 
 
 tan yard 
 
 tur ret 1 
 
 sex tant 
 
 stric kle 
 
 tap ster 
 
 tur tie 1 
 
 shac kle 
 
 strict ly 
 
 tar iff 
 
 twen ty 1 
 
 shek el 
 
 strip ling 
 
 tav ern 
 
 twink ling 1 
 
 shelv ing 
 
 strug gle 
 
 tat tier 
 
 twit ter 1 
 
 shep herd 
 
 stub born 
 
 tern pest 
 
 tym pan 1 
 
 sher iff 
 
 stuff ing 
 
 tern pie 
 
 um bel 
 
 sher ry 
 
 stur geon 
 
 tempt er 
 
 un cle 
 
 shipwreck 
 
 sub stance ten et 
 
 up land 
 
 shut tie 
 
 sub tile 
 
 ten nis 
 
 up roar 
 
 sic kle 
 
 su6 tie 
 
 trep id 
 
 up wards 
 
 sick ness 
 
 suck ling 
 
 ter race 
 
 ur chin 
 
 sin ew 
 
 suf frage 
 
 tex tile 
 
 ush er 
 
 six teen 
 
 sun day 
 
 thank ful 
 
 ut most 
 
 skill fill 
 
 sur face 
 
 thatch er 
 
 vac cine 
 
 skim mer 
 
 sur feit 
 
 thick et 
 
 val et 
 
 slat tern 
 
 sur geon 
 
 thrift less 
 
 val ley 
 
 slav er 
 
 swell ing 
 
 tick et 
 
 val ue 
 
 slip shod 
 
 swel ter 
 
 til lage 
 
 ven geance 
 
 sliv er 
 
 swim mer 
 
 trac tile 
 
 ver dant 
 
 slug gard 
 
 swind ler 
 
 traf fie 
 
 verjuice 
 
 smug gler 
 
 syl van 
 
 tran script 
 
 ves per 
 
 snaf fle 
 
 symp torn 
 
 trav erse 
 
 ves tige 
 
 spav in 
 
 syn od 
 
 trench er 
 
 vest ment 
 
 spec kle 
 
 syn tax 
 
 tres pass 
 
 vest ry 
 
 spec ter* 
 
 syringe 
 
 trib ute 
 
 vil lage 
 
 splen did 
 
 sys tern 
 
 trip ping 
 
 vil lain 
 
 spendthrift tack ling 
 
 tuck er 
 
 vine yard # 
 
 spin die 
 
 tac tics 
 
 turn bier 
 
 vint age 
 
(81) 
 
 vint ner 
 vis age 
 vul ture 
 wag on 
 wag gish 
 wed ding 
 wel fare 
 wel come 
 west era 
 west ward 
 whis per 
 whiffle 
 whim per 
 whip lash 
 will ful 
 wim ble 
 
 kwn ing 
 aw ful 
 awk ward 
 bal sam 
 braw ny 
 cau cus 
 cause way 
 da,ugh ter 
 draw ing 
 false hood 
 fal ter 
 fault y 
 fau cet 
 gau dy 
 haugh ty 
 hawk er 
 
 slaugh ter 
 tall ness 
 thral dom 
 tau rus 
 tau dry 
 taw ny 
 wal nut 
 war den 
 war fare 
 warn ing 
 want ing 
 warm ing 
 wat er 
 bor der 
 cord age 
 cor ner 
 
 lord ship 
 mor bid 
 morn ing 
 mor sel 
 mor tal 
 mor tar 
 mor/ gage 
 mor tise 
 or bit 
 or chard 
 ord nance 
 or gan 
 or phan 
 por pus 
 scorn ful 
 short ness 
 
 win ning 
 wind lass 
 wish ful 
 wit ness 
 wiz ard 
 zeph yr 
 al der 
 al most 
 al so 
 all spice 
 al ways 
 au burn 
 au dit 
 au lie 
 aus pice 
 au tumn 
 
 haw thorn 
 lau rel 
 laun dress 
 law ful 
 law smt 
 law yer 
 mauk ish 
 na.ugh ty 
 pau per 
 plau dit 
 pssl ter 
 raw ness 
 sau cer 
 sau cy 
 sau sage 
 saw yer 
 
 corn field sor did 
 
 cor nice 
 cor sair 
 cors let 
 dor mant 
 for feit 
 for mal 
 for tress 
 form less 
 for ty 
 for ward 
 gorge ous 
 gor gon 
 hor net 
 horse man 
 lord ling 
 
 stor my 
 tor ment 
 tor pid 
 tor sel 
 vortex 
 pal frey 
 pal try 
 squab ble - 
 squad ron 
 squal id 
 swad dling 
 swab ber 
 swam py 
 wad die 
 wal let 
 
(82) 
 
 will lop 
 
 vval low 
 warn ble 
 wan ness 
 wan der 
 wan ton 
 war rant 
 wasp ish 
 watchword 
 watch man 
 bios som 
 blockhead 
 bob bin 
 bod ice 
 bod kin 
 bom bast 
 
 bond age 
 bond man 
 bon fire 
 bon net 
 bot torn 
 chop per 
 clos et 
 coc kle 
 cof fee 
 coffin 
 col ic 
 col lege 
 col um/r 
 com bat 
 com ic 
 commerce 
 
 com pact 
 com pend 
 con cord 
 con duct 
 con flux 
 con script 
 con trite 
 con vex 
 cop per 
 cos set 
 cost ly 
 cot tage 
 crotch et 
 doc trine 
 dor ic 
 drop sy 
 
 flor id 
 fond ness 
 fop pish 
 for age 
 for eign 
 fos sil 
 fos ter 
 frol ic 
 glos sy 
 gob lin 
 god dess 
 gos lin 
 gog gle 
 gos pel 
 gos sip 
 grog ram 
 
 grot to 
 hob ble 
 horn age 
 hos tile 
 hov el 
 joe key 
 joe und 
 jog gle 
 lodg ing 
 log book 
 loz enge 
 mod ern 
 monstrous 
 mot ley 
 mot to 
 non plus 
 
 non sense 
 nos trum 
 non suit 
 nov ice 
 ob long 
 oc tave 
 odd ly 
 office 
 off spring 
 oft en 
 ol ive 
 on ward 
 op tics 
 or ange 
 pol ish 
 pol len 
 
 pom pous 
 pop lar 
 pop gun 
 por ridge 
 pot tage 
 prob lem 
 prod uct 
 prog ress 
 prompt er 
 prov erb 
 quon dam 
 rob in 
 rock et 
 scof fer 
 scol lop 
 soft en 
 
 sol ace 
 sol emn 
 sol stice 
 sot tish 
 spon dee 
 stock ing 
 stop page 
 top ic 
 tor rent 
 trol lop 
 trop ic 
 vol ley 
 vol ume 
 yon der 
 Srch er 
 arc tie 
 
(83) 
 
 Ay dent 
 art ful 
 ar gent 
 ar gue 
 arm pit 
 art ist 
 art less 
 ba/m y 
 bar ber 
 bar gain 
 bark er 
 bar rack 
 bar ter 
 ca/m ness 
 car case 
 
 Mrd ness 
 hard ship 
 harm less 
 har ness 
 harsh ness 
 harts horn 
 har vest 
 jar gon 
 rep dice 
 lar board 
 lard er 
 lar gess 
 mar ble 
 mar gin 
 mar ket 
 
 car go marl pit 
 
 car nage 
 car pet 
 cart ridge 
 char coal 
 charm ing 
 char ter 
 dark ness 
 dar ling 
 farm er 
 gar den 
 gar land 
 gar gle 
 gar lie 
 gar ment 
 gar nish 
 gar ter 
 
 mar quis 
 marsh y 
 mar tyr 
 mar vel 
 mas ter 
 par boil 
 par eel 
 par ley 
 pars ley 
 par snip 
 par son 
 part ridge 
 part ner 
 sar casm 
 scar let 
 sharp ness 
 
 spar kle 
 spar ry 
 star board 
 star ling 
 star light 
 star tie 
 tar dy 
 tar nish 
 tart ness 
 var let 
 var nish 
 yard stick 
 datmt less 
 gawnt let 
 jawn dice 
 vawnt ing 
 
 bloom y 
 boo by 
 cool ness 
 coop er 
 droop er 
 fool ish 
 fools cap 
 gloom y 
 loose ly 
 loose en 
 loose ness 
 moo dv 
 moon light 
 moon rise 
 moor ing 
 oo zy 
 
 poor ly 
 poor ness 
 room y 
 roost er 
 spoon ful 
 book ish 
 book worm 
 foot ball 
 foot hold 
 foot man 
 foot stool 
 good ly 
 good ness 
 hood wink 
 wood en 
 wood land 
 
 wool len 
 bul let 
 bul lock 
 bul rush 
 bush el 
 butch er 
 cuck oo 
 cush ion 
 ful ler 
 full ness 
 pud ding 
 pul let 
 pul ly 
 pul pit 
 b6il er 
 choice ly 
 

 (84) 
 
 
 cl6is ter 
 
 doufa ful downward 
 
 ]ix ror 1 
 
 coin age 
 
 floun der drow ^y 
 
 ma jor 1 
 
 coin er 
 
 found ling pow der 
 
 may or 1 
 
 joint ed 
 
 found er pow er 
 
 mi nor 1 
 
 joint ly 
 
 hour glass prow ess 
 
 mo tor 
 
 join er 
 
 house hold row el 
 
 ru mor 
 
 loi ter 
 
 house less row en 
 
 sail or 
 
 moist en 
 
 hous ing tow el 
 
 sa vor 
 
 noi sy 
 
 moun tain trow el 
 
 sav ior 
 
 oil y 
 
 out cast town ship 
 
 sa por 
 
 oint ment 
 
 out law cir cle # 
 
 se2g-n ior 
 
 poign ant 
 
 out rage cir clet 
 
 sen ior 
 
 point er 
 
 out ward cir cuit 
 
 squa lor 
 
 poi son 
 
 pound age cir cus 
 
 stu por 
 
 spoil er 
 
 round ish dir ty 
 
 ta bor 
 
 toil et 
 
 round ly fir kin 
 
 tai lor 
 
 boy ish 
 
 scoun drel firm ly 
 
 trai tor 
 
 coy ly 
 
 scour er firm ness 
 
 tu mor 
 
 joy ful 
 
 sound ings gir die 
 
 vi sor 
 
 loy-al 
 
 sound ness skir mish 
 
 &1 gor 
 
 oy er 
 
 sour ness squir rel 
 
 an chor 
 
 oys ter 
 
 blow zy vir gin 
 
 bet tor 
 
 roy al 
 
 bow els vir tue 
 
 cam phor 
 
 1: voy age 
 
 bow er h chor # 
 
 cen sor 
 
 bound less 
 
 cow ard ere mor 
 
 ces sor 
 
 1 boun ty 
 
 cow slip do lor 
 
 clan gor 
 
 bound ing 
 
 dow er fe tor 
 
 de&t or 
 
 coun cil 
 
 dow las flu or 
 
 doc tor 
 
 count er 
 
 down cast fra gor 
 
 er ror 
 
 coun ty 
 
 down fall h\x mor 
 
 fer vor 
 
 cloud y 
 
 down hill i chor 
 
 how or 
 
 dou&t less 
 
 drow sy ju nior 
 
 hor ror 
 
(85) 
 
 THE TWO MEN AND THEIR BARLEY. 
 
 A number of years ago, two neighbors, in a new 
 settled part of the country, were travelling together, 
 each with a load of barley to carry to the malt house. 
 At that place, the barley was to be inspected, and, if 
 found good, to be kiln-dried and converted to malt 
 for the making of beer. 
 
 For a considerable distance, these travellers found 
 their ride more pleasant than they had expected. 
 They conversed, in a social manner, on different sub- 
 jects, as the various streams, cleared farms, and cot- 
 tages, they passed; and, among other things, related 
 the various opinions they had heard concerning the 
 malt house to which they were going. 
 
 As they advanced, doubts began to arise in their 
 minds respecting the course they should take ; as the 
 country was hilly, and different paths were seen, which 
 appeared to lead in the same general direction. The 
 travellers had examined the geography and maps ; but 
 neither of them had ever passed that way before. 
 
 After the best information they could get, they 
 came, at last, to a fork of the roads, where they found 
 themselves unable to agree. One said the right hand, 
 the other the left, he felt confident, was * he proper 
 course,; and, finally, each took his own way, in the 
 firm belief that his neighbor was wrong. 
 
 As it happened, both the men arrived at the malt 
 house, nearly at the same time. Their meeting was 
 unexpected to both ; and they still wished to know 
 which of the two roads was best ; but, on inquiry they 
 found that, though there were different ways, and it 
 was of some consequence for travellers to make a wise 
 choice, yet the main question at that place was, not 
 which one of a dozen roads they came, but whether 
 their barley was good. 
 
 H 
 
(86) • _ 
 
 TABLE XXL 
 
 Plain words of two syllables, accent on the second. 
 
 Unaccented syllable, long, 
 
 A chi^ve be reave de mean re mkin 
 
 a float be smear de tain re peal 
 
 a gain be speak hu mane re proach 
 
 afraid bezoar maintain restraint 
 
 a main bo hea por tray re tain 
 
 a vail &e ceit pre vail re treat 
 
 be lief de ceive re ceive re veal 
 
 be lieve de claim re lease ve neer 
 
 be moan de feat re lief do main 
 
 THE APIARY. 
 
 Children should try to know all they can about 
 every useful thing :which they see around them. Many 
 children know what bees are, and that the good honey 
 they sometimes eat is made by the bees. The place, 
 or small house, where the bees are kept by farmers, 
 and people in the country, is called an apiary. 
 
(87 ) 
 
 ac quaint 
 ac crue 
 an neal 
 ar ray 
 af ford 
 ap peal 
 ap pear 
 ap proach 
 ar rear 
 as sail 
 at tain 
 block ade 
 blaspheme 
 com plain 
 con ceal 
 con ceit 
 con geal 
 con strain 
 con trol 
 
 Unaccented Syllable mostly short, 
 
 dis claim sub diie re tdrn 
 
 un due a dorn 
 
 ven due a long 
 
 sus tain a ward 
 
 be fit de bauch 
 
 cabal de fault 
 
 ca det de fraud 
 
 ca nal de form 
 
 de mur fore warn 
 
 dis dain 
 en croach 
 en dear 
 en tail 
 en treat 
 gen teel 
 im brue 
 im bue 
 im mire 
 
 im peach di gest 
 
 in crease di van 
 
 mis deed 
 
 mis place 
 
 ob tain 
 
 or dain 
 
 per ceive 
 
 per tain 
 
 pur sue 
 
 de press pro long 
 re call 
 
 e clipse 
 forth with 
 la ment 
 pro fess 
 re cur 
 re lapse 
 re spect 
 
 re form 
 re morse 
 re ward 
 a 16ft 
 be yond 
 de spond 
 a filr 
 a larm 
 
 Apiary means bee-house. It is a low shed with a 
 wide bench, or floor under it, raised above the ground. 
 They place a hive or small house for each family of 
 bees on this bench. 
 
 The bees are wonderful little creatures, they are 
 almost as small as a fly. They are insects. Now chil- 
 dren, I will tell you what they can do. These skilful 
 insects get among the little inside stems of flowers, 
 called stamens, perhaps, in a lily, or rose, and roll 
 themselves till they are covered with pollen, or fine 
 dust which grows on the inner leaves ; then scraping 
 it off with their hind legs, they make it into a wad as 
 large as they can carry, and fly away with it to their 
 store house. 
 
(88) 
 
 a part 
 de bark 
 de bar 
 de mand 
 de part 
 fore cast 
 re mark 
 re tard 
 a loof 
 be hoove 
 sa loon 
 a drdit 
 a noint 
 a void 
 cy cloid 
 de coy 
 
 re count 
 be ware 
 de dare 
 de spair 
 pre pare 
 re pair 
 ad dress 
 ad judge 
 ag gress 
 as cend 
 as sent 
 as sist 
 at tack 
 as sert 
 col lapse 
 dis band 
 
 ap plaud 
 as sault 
 as sort 
 con form 
 en dorse 
 for lorn 
 in form 
 in thrall 
 mis call 
 per form 
 sub orn 
 trans form 
 with draw 
 ad opt 
 al lot 
 in volve 
 
 rac oon 
 shal loon 
 ad j6in 
 an noy 
 ap point 
 ben zoin 
 con join 
 dis join 
 em broil 
 en join 
 en joy 
 pur loin 
 sub join 
 al low 
 an nounce 
 ac count 
 
 If they do not want to make this into wax for present 
 use, they stow it away into empty cells in a form called 
 bee-bread, and keep it safe against a time of need. 
 
 This kind of care which many animals use to pro- 
 vide for their safety, and supply their wants, is called 
 instinct. It means that inward desire and skill which 
 comes without learning, and belong to their nature. 
 
 Some people when they want to take the honey 
 from the bees, smoke them to death with the fumes of 
 burning brimstone. 
 
 This is a cruel way of treating the poor animals 
 after all the work they have done ; and a generous 
 person would rather eat his biscuit and butter with- 
 out honey, than to obtain it by killing the poor bees 
 in any way. 
 
 Some people know how to contrive their plans 
 much better. They set one hive on another, with a 
 small hole through the top of the under one. Through 
 
(89) 
 
 de sp6il 
 de stroy 
 re joice 
 re coil 
 vice r&y 
 a mount 
 a bound 
 a bout 
 a round 
 a vow 
 de nounce 
 pro found 
 pro pound 
 re dound 
 re nounce 
 re nown 
 re bound 
 
 dis bdrse 
 im print 
 in fringe 
 in fer 
 
 mischance 
 mis jildge 
 oc cult 
 oc cur 
 sue cess 
 sup press 
 sus pense 
 trans plant 
 com mand 
 un clasp 
 ab hor 
 ab sorb 
 ap pall 
 
 out wStch 
 ad vSnce 
 dis card 
 dis charge 
 em bark 
 en large 
 sur p£ss 
 un bar 
 bas soon 
 buffoon 
 car toon 
 doub loon 
 fes toon 
 har poon 
 lam poon 
 mon soon 
 plat oon 
 
 as tound 
 con found 
 com pound 
 en dow 
 sur mount 
 sur round 
 un sound 
 af fair 
 com pare 
 for bear 
 for swear 
 en snare 
 im pair 
 un fair 
 a ware 
 de clare 
 re pair 
 
 this hole the bees come into the topmost hive, and fill 
 it with the best of their honey. 
 
 When this upper hive becomes well stored, the man j 
 who has the care of the bees, goes and thumps upon 
 it, with the handle of a knife or a stick, which makes 
 a noise that drives the bees below. 
 
 Then he holds his ear close to the hives to see if 
 any one is still left buzzing in the upper one; and 
 when they are all out of this hive he takes it ofF, full 
 of honey, and sets an empty one in its place. 
 
 Sometimes, instead of taking away the hive, they 
 take out as many pieces of honey-comb as they think 
 proper, and leave the little laborers to fill it up again 
 at their leisure. 
 
 These bees can afford to make honey for people who 
 do so much for them. It is only like paying a fair rent 
 for their houses which their kind preservers provide 
 
 h 2 ~~ ~ 
 
(90) 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 IRREGULAR WORDS CLASSIFIED. 
 
 TABLE XXII. 
 
 In the following words, t has the sound of s, but not 
 of sh y as has been represented. The word portion, truly 
 analyzed, is not por-skun, but pors-ion, or pors-y on, which 
 is the same thing, so far as the sound is concerned. Sec- 
 tion is pronounced secs-yon, and so of other words of the 
 same class ; t being the only letter which is varied from 
 the true sound. The simplicity and consistency of the 
 language have been much marred by the mistaken analy- 
 sis of these elementary sounds. The resemblance to sh, 
 in these words, is accidental. It is a false explanation 
 of the principle, and will not uniformly apply. 
 
 Words of two syllables accented on the first. 
 
 Gra cious 
 lo tion 
 mo tion 
 na tion 
 no tion 
 6 cean 
 pa tient 
 po tion 
 por tion 
 quo tient 
 
 ra tion 
 spa cious 
 spe cious 
 spe cies 
 sa tiate 
 sd cial 
 sta tion 
 anx ious 
 he tion 
 cap tious 
 
 &xiom 
 fac tious 
 fie tion 
 frac tion 
 lus cious 
 ndx ious 
 men tion 
 nup tial 
 pens ion 
 sec tion 
 
 tr&ns ient 
 tens ion 
 unc tion 
 hal cyon 
 &uc tion 
 cau tious 
 con scious 
 op tion 
 mar tial 
 par tial 
 
 so nicely for their use ; but they should always take 
 care to leave honey enough for them to eat, during 
 the cold weather, when they cannot go out and get 
 more. 
 
 When the bees want to swarm, which is known by 
 seeing them hang in great numbers, out side of their 
 {-dwelling, then they place an empty hive, neatly pre- 
 pared for them to enter when they please. 
 
(_9n 
 
 Words of three syllables, accented on the second. 
 Ab lii tion car na tion col la tion 
 ap pre ciate ces sa tion com mo tion 
 con ere tion ce ta cious com pie tion 
 ca pa cious ci ta tion do na tion 
 
 The owner of the hive is very careful to have them 
 well made. Some are made of rye, or barley straw, 
 and some of boards. The last sort are sometimes made 
 with eight sides, called octagons, and have a plank on 
 the top, jutting over, all around at the edges to keep 
 off the rain. 
 
 There is another curious plan for getting the purest 
 of honey. They set some glass jars, over holes made 
 in the top of the hive for the honey-makers to come 
 through. They come into these jars and fill them 
 with the neatest comb and honey which can ever be 
 seen ; without a particle of bee bread ; and, when this 
 is done, they take off the jars to carry to market. 
 
 This honey, in the glass jars, is so very pure, sweet, 
 and beautiful, that the bees of Mount Hybla, in the 
 island of Sicily, or of Hymettus, near the city of old 
 Athens, could not have made better. 
 
 When the bees go to work in the jars, they can be 
 seen in evefy thing they do ; but it is found best to 
 keep them covered over, because the workers seem to 
 like that the best, for they soon cover all the inside of 
 it themselves, with a thin layer of wax. 
 
 Besides the jars on the top they have sometimes a 
 small square of glass, in the sides of some of the hives, 
 but they find it best to have a cover over this glass 
 too ; for the bees in general will not work so well, 
 when the light is let in upon them. 
 
 For this reason they commonly take off the outside 
 cover when they want to see how much honey, or 
 how many bees the hive contains ; or to watch their mo- 
 tions as they are engaged like so many joiners, masons, 
 and store keepers, in carrying on their curious trade. 
 
de pie tion 
 du ra tion 
 e ma ciate 
 e mo tion 
 ex pa tiate 
 ex cru ciate 
 fa ce tious 
 fe ro cious 
 form a tion 
 fi du cial 
 grad a tion 
 im pa tient 
 in fla tion 
 in gra tiate 
 le ga tion 
 
 (92) 
 
 ra p& cious 
 re pie tion 
 sa ga cious 
 se ere tion 
 so lu tion 
 tax a tion 
 te na cious 
 vo ra cious 
 vex a tious 
 ap por tion 
 pro por tion 
 tes ta ceous 
 af f£c tion 
 af flic tion 
 as crip tion 
 
 di men sion 
 dis sen tion 
 e lee tion 
 es sen tial 
 ex tine tion 
 in fee tious 
 in junc tion 
 in scrip tion 
 li cen tiate 
 ob jec tion 
 per fee tion 
 po ten tial 
 pre scrip tion 
 pro trac tion 
 pro vin cial 
 
 Bees, in many respects, resemble men ; and there 
 is much to be learned from these little insects, which, 
 ever since king Solomon's time, have been held up as 
 a pattern of industry for people to follow. 
 
 They are of two kinds ; working bees and drones ; 
 the first do all the labor ; and the others ^o nothing 
 but help to eat the honey. w 
 
 Those who know most about drones, have long de- 
 bated the question, what good they do, or whether 
 they are of any use at all: but this point is not yet set- 
 tled. It is likely they answer some purpose, or they 
 would not have been made. 
 
 Drones have no stings, like working bees ; they are 
 larger and longer ; with rounder heads, more swelling 
 eyes, and thicker tongues. They are still better known 
 from the rest r by making a greater buzzing noise. 
 
 Drones, like dronish people, stay in the hive till al- 
 most noon ; and then go out to suck honey from the 
 flowers, for themselves to eat: but never bring any 
 home to their friends. 
 
li ba tion 
 lo ca tion 
 lo qua cious 
 lu na tion 
 lus tra tion 
 mi gra tion 
 mu ta tion 
 ne go ti ate 
 ob la tion 
 plan ta tion 
 pol lu tion 
 pri va tion 
 pro mo tion 
 pros tra tion 
 quo ta tion 
 
 (93) 
 
 as sump tion 
 co ac tion 
 col lee tion 
 con struc tion 
 corn plex ion 
 com punc tion 
 con cep tion 
 con nex ion 
 con scrip tion 
 con ten tious 
 con ven tion 
 cor r^c tion 
 ere den tial 
 de due tion 
 de trac tion 
 
 re ac tion 
 re dern/> tion 
 re frac tion 
 sub stan tial 
 sen ten tious 
 trans ac tion 
 ab or tion 
 con tor tion 
 pre cau tion 
 ad op tion 
 con coc tion 
 ob nox ious 
 im par tial 
 
 During the summer, two or three hundred, and 
 sometimes more, of these drones, are found in a hive; 
 but as the cold weather approaches, the working bees 
 kill them all, and clear them out of the way. This is 
 the order of nature. The reason why it is so, the 
 wisest of men cannot fully explain. 
 
 The working bees are divided into different squads, 
 to carry on their business to better advantage. Some 
 rove in the fields after honey to lay up ; others pre- 
 pare the comb, ready to receive it ; some smooth the 
 inside and corners of the hives, and stop the chinks, to 
 keep out insects, or guard against the cold ; and a fourth 
 set is employed to bring proper food to such as are 
 detained at their work. 
 
 In this way, the labor of bees, or boys, or men, is 
 much better managed, than in flying from one thing to 
 an other, without any settled plan. It is found to be 
 the wisest course to conform to wholesome rules, and 
 put up with some evils, that they may enjoy the plea- 
 
(W) 
 
 Words of four syllables, the chief accent on the third, and 
 the minor accent on the first. 
 
 Ab di ck tion grav i ta tion cir cum st&n tial 
 ac cept a tion im pre ca tion circumvention 
 ac cu sa tion in to na tion condescension 
 ad apt a tion in vo lu tion con fi den tial 
 ad o ra tion lit i ga tion con ti nent al 
 ag gre ga tion lo co mo tion cm ci fix ion 
 am pu ta tion lu cu bra tion contra ven tion 
 eel e bra tion mas ti ca tion con sequen tial 
 con cen tra tion ob li ga tion im per fee tion 
 con tri bu tion os ten ta tion in sur rec tion 
 contumacious per se cu tion in ter rup tion 
 con sti tu tion perspicacious in ter ven tion 
 con vo lu tion pros ti tu tion ju ris die tion 
 disputatious pertinacious misconception 
 dis pen sa tion re lax a tion pes ti len tial 
 disproportion res er va tion pet ri fac tion 
 dis tri bu tion res ti tu tion pre di lee tion 
 dis ser ta tion scin til la tion prov i den tial 
 ev o lu tion sub sti tu tion re pro due tion 
 ef fi ca cious sub orn a tion res ur rec tion 
 ex ca va tion transmutation rev er en tial 
 ex e cu tion apprehension tep e fac tion 
 ex ha la tion ben e die tion ven e sec tion 
 fu mi ga tion ben e fac tion e qui noc tial 
 
 sures of social life, and act together with more effect 
 in doing good. 
 
 On the hind legs of the bees, are two little hollows, 
 edged round with fine bristly hairs. Into these places 
 they collect the honey to convey it home. They leave 
 their burden at the hive and return to the fields, for 
 an other supply. Among the flowers which bees like 
 
( 95 ) . 
 
 Double s, preceded by a vowel, and followed by a liquid 
 vowel sound. 
 In this class of words, the preceding vowel is always 
 short, the ss sharp, and flowing into the next syllable 
 with a sound closely imitating that of sh. It will be 
 seen, however, that all the words of this kind are much 
 better understood, and the harmony of the language bet- 
 ter preserved, by resolving them into their own elements, 
 than by resorting to any thing foreign to explain them. 
 
 C&ss ia com pass ion per miss ion 
 
 miss ion con fess ion pro fess ion 
 
 pass ion con cuss ion re miss ion 
 
 ab sciss ion com press ion re press ion 
 
 ac cess ion di gress ion sub miss ion 
 
 com miss ion o miss ion sup press ion 
 
 The following words, notwithstanding they have been 
 differently explained, will be found to depend on the 
 same principles as the preceding : 
 
 ScMd ier filst ian di gest ion 
 
 court ier mixt ion ad mixt ion 
 
 b&st ion quest ion com mixt ion 
 
 best ial ce lest ial sug ger^t ion 
 
 christ ian com bust ion 
 
 best, are clover, either white or red, and thyme and 
 thistle tops, and mustard : but these insects, as well as 
 most others, dislike bitter things ; and rue, worm- 
 wood, or elder leaves, will drive them away. 
 
 Besides the drones and working bees, there is the 
 mother, or queen, of the hive. It is by means of this 
 one that all the swarm is brought to act in* concert. 
 She presides over the rest, and appears to give the di- 
 rection to all their work. The labors of the swarm 1 
 could no more go on without the queen bee, than the 
 
 j people at a town meeting, could preserve good order 
 
 ! without a moderator. 
 
-(96) 
 
 When a single s is immediately preceded by a vowel, 
 and followed by a liquid sound, the s always sounds like 
 z. If the preceding vowel is i, or y, it is short ; and any 
 other vowel is long. 
 
 Brk sier 
 
 cro sier 
 fu sion 
 ho sier 
 o sier 
 vis ion 
 ad he sion 
 af fu sion 
 al lu sion 
 am bro sia 
 co he sion 
 col lu sion 
 
 con clii sidh 
 con fu sion 
 cor ro sion 
 de lu sion 
 dif fu sion 
 con tu sion 
 de tru sion 
 ef fu sion 
 ex clu sion 
 il lu sion 
 ex plo sion 
 e va sion 
 
 in i'ix sion 
 in va sion 
 in tru sion 
 ob tru sion 
 oc ca sion 
 oc clu sion 
 per sua sion 
 suf fu sion 
 col lis ion 
 con cis ion 
 de ris ion 
 de cis ion 
 
 » An other fact serves strongly to show the nature of 
 bees. They can bear only one queen in a hive. 
 Whenever it happens that two or more are found, a 
 battle ensue?, and lasts till all the queens but one are 
 killed, or driven away. In such contests for power, 
 many bees some times lose their lives, and their dead 
 bodies are thrown out by the victors, and seen scat- 
 tered around their house. 
 
 The contention between a swarm in one hive, or 
 the people of the same country, to determine who 
 ghall rule, is called a civil war, or a war of citizens 
 with each other. It is often more cruel and destructive 
 than any other kind of strife. The rival queens, com- 
 monly do not fight ; but make others fight for them, till 
 the opposite party is entirely subdued. 
 
 People of learning and skill have contrived many 
 ways to examine the smallest insects. One of these 
 schemes was, to invent an optic glass, called a micro- 
 
 I scope. It makes the least things, when seen through 
 
 I it, look much larger than they are. 
 
(_y?_) _ 
 
 di vis ion pro vis ion in de ci? ion 
 
 in c\s ion re c\s ion su per vis ion 
 
 pre cis ion cir cum cis ion vis ion a ry 
 
 Through such a glass as this, a flea appears, in size, 
 like a grasshopper. With a microscope, we could 
 view the movements of the bees at their work ; could 
 see one come home loaded, and feed an other, we 
 could watch the motions of their eyes ; and count the 
 little claws at the end of their toes. 
 
 Many rules which the bees seem to follow, inge- 
 nious people take great pains to learn. If they want 
 to swarm, it is between the hours of ten and three; 
 not early in the morning, nor late in the afternoon; 
 and, as a matter of course, they always choose to turn 
 out in good weather. 
 
 It is a singular fact, that, if these animals are out in 
 the fields, thunder will always bring them home ; and, 
 whether it thunders or not, they appear to know when 
 it is going to rain, and hasten back to their hives. Any 
 loud noise will drive them to their shelter, or cause 
 them to settle. 
 
 It is on this account, that people, in general, when 
 their bees are swarming, blow the dinner horn ; jingle 
 bells ; and ring all the frying pans they can find ; some- 
 times, in addition to all this noise, they throw sand 
 among them to make them believe it rains. 
 
 When the bees have removed to a new hive, they 
 work with uncommon diligence, to get their dwelling 
 in order and lay up a store to live on, in bad weather. 
 If it should be very rainy, for several days after they 
 move, they are in danger of starving ; because they 
 have nothing then laid up to eat. At such a time, it is 
 proper to have them fed with honey or sugar. 
 
 Bees remain torpid, or inactive, during the cold 
 weather, in the same manner as other insects, in 
 general, which draw their food from plants and leaves. 
 At such times, they lie close to each other, to keep 
 
 I ,= " 
 
(98) 
 
 TABLE XXIII. 
 
 C and g are hard when they end a word, or syllable, 
 so that the voice rests upon them ; but when, in the mid- 
 dle of a word, they are followed by e or i, they necessa- 
 rily become soft, and, commonly, are sounded in such 
 close connexion with the preceding and following vowel, 
 that it is difficult to determine to which syllable they 
 most properly belong. This gliding sound, as it may be 
 called, always shortens the preceding vowel. 
 
 The subjoined list of words will be sufficient to illus- 
 trate this rule. 
 
 The double accent' 7 placed after a vowel, shows that c 
 or g soft in the next syllable is united in sound to the 
 preceding vowel ; thus fal f cile is pronounced fas il ; 
 a" gile, is aj-ih 
 
 F&" cile 
 
 vi" gil 
 
 pre' ci pice 
 
 a cid 
 
 VI CIOUS 
 
 re ci pe 
 
 a gile 
 
 16 gic 
 
 re gi cide 
 
 di git 
 
 pro cess 
 
 re gim en 
 
 fra gile 
 
 a' gi tate 
 
 re gis ter 
 
 fri gid 
 
 de cim ai 
 
 spe ci fy 
 
 ma gic 
 
 de cim ate 
 
 spe ci men 
 
 pa geant 
 
 fla gel et 
 
 tra ge dy 
 
 pi geon 
 
 la cer ate 
 
 ve ge tate 
 
 pla cid 
 
 le gi ble 
 
 vi cm age 
 
 pre cious 
 
 ma cer ate 
 
 co gi tate 
 
 spe cial 
 
 ma gis trate 
 
 pro ge ny 
 
 ri gid 
 
 pa ci fy 
 
 ad di" tion 
 
 ta cit 
 
 pa gin al 
 
 am bi tion 
 
 tra gic 
 
 pre ce dent 
 
 ca pn cious 
 
 warm, and require very little to eat. If there comes 
 a pleasant day in winter, they creep out, and appear 
 to enjoy the sun shine and air; but do not venture far 
 from their hive. 
 
co mi" tial 
 con di tion 
 den ti tion 
 e di tion 
 e li cit 
 ig ni tion 
 il li cit 
 ju di cial 
 ex pli cit 
 im a gine 
 im pli cit 
 li ti gious 
 mi li tia 
 mo ni tion 
 mu ni tion 
 no vi tiate 
 pro di gious 
 po si tion 
 re li gious 
 se di tious 
 so li cit 
 
 (99) 
 
 av a ri" cious 
 ben e fi cial 
 co a li tion 
 co ef fi cient 
 com pe ti tion 
 dep o si tion 
 er u di tion 
 ex pe di tious 
 ir re li gious 
 im po si tion 
 in ju di cious 
 pol i ti cian 
 pre ju di cial 
 sup po si tion 
 an ti" ci pate 
 a da gi o 
 ar mi ger ous 
 ad di tion al 
 au da ci ty 
 am bi tious ly 
 ca pa ci ty 
 
 re li" gious ly 
 rus ti ci ty 
 sim pli ci ty 
 so li ci tude 
 sa ga ci ty 
 so li cit or 
 sus pi cious ly 
 tra di tion al 
 ve ra ci ty 
 a tro' ci ty 
 fe ro ci ty 
 rhi no ce ros 
 ve lo ci ty 
 ab o ri" gin al 
 au then ti ci ty 
 car til a gin ous 
 du o de cim o 
 ec cen tri ci ty 
 e las ti ci ty 
 e lee tri ci ty 
 in suf fi cien cy 
 
 Bees, like many other animals, show much cunning 
 in defending themselves against their foes. They have 
 many of these to guard against. Mice sometimes annoy 
 them very much. Spiders often kill them : and wasps 
 or hornets sting them to death. 
 
 To keep their enemies out of the hive, they place a 
 number to watch at the entrance. If a snail comes 
 in, after all they can do to prevent him, they sting him 
 to death ; and if they cannot clear him out, they cover 
 him over, perfectly tight, with wax, so that no air can 
 get to him. This prevents any offensive smell which 
 would otherwise take place, by the decay of the body. 
 
( loo- ) 
 
 tra di tion di la cer ate mu cil a ginous 
 
 le" gen da ry du pli ci ty mul ti pli ci ty 
 
 ma gis tra cy fu ga ci ty per spi ca ci ty 
 
 ne ces sa ry fe li ci ty per ti na ci ty 
 
 ve get a ble mu ni ci pal sac rile giously 
 
 ab o IF tion of fi cious ly as tro 16" gic al 
 
 ac qui si tion o pa ci ty my tho lo gic al 
 
 ad mo ni tion par ti ci pate phi lo lo gic al 
 
 ad ven ti tious pro di gious ly re ci pro ci ty 
 
 ap po si tion pro fi cien cy tau to lo gic al 
 
 It is not the practice, in English, to end a syllable with 
 q; but this letter, in many instances, receives the pre- 
 ceding vowel gliding into it in very close connexion, in 
 the same manner as soft c, or g\ The following are 
 examples ; 
 
 Li" quid li" qui fy in i" qui ty 
 
 li qwor e" qui ta ble ob li qui ty 
 
 e" qui ty an ti" qui ty u bi qui ty 
 
 li qui date in i qui tous li" qui da tion 
 
 TABLE XXIV. 
 
 The common sound of ch, in English, is like tch, as in 
 church. Before I or r, ch is necessarily hard, as in chloro- 
 sis, Christian : cch is always hard as in saccharine, bac- 
 chanal. In the following words, derived chiefly from the 
 Greek language, c, at the end of a syllable, or before a 
 vowel, has the sound of k. 
 
 Scheme mon arch chor is ter 
 
 chyle stom ach och i my 
 
 chasm sch&on er or ches tra 
 
 chord pa tri arch a nach ro nism 
 
 conch eu cha rist cha lyb e ate 
 
 loch al chy mist chir ur gic al 
 
 school an ar chy syn ec do che 
 
cha os 
 cho ral 
 cho rus 
 e poch 
 te trarch 
 tro chee 
 an chor 
 chym ist # 
 dis tich 
 ech o 
 mas tich 
 pas chal 
 sched ule 
 schir rous 
 chol er 
 schol ar 
 
 ( 101) 
 
 an cho ret 
 cat e chism 
 char ac ter 
 brach i al 
 lach ry mal 
 mach i nate 
 mich ael mas 
 pen ta teuch 
 sac char ine 
 tech ni cal 
 chym ic al 
 cha mel ion 
 chi me ra 
 ca chex y 
 me chan ic 
 cha ot ic 
 
 pyr r/iich i us 
 pa ro chi al 
 an ar chi al 
 mon arch i al 
 mel an chol y 
 chi rog ra phy 
 the om a chy 
 cat e chi men 
 py ro tech nic 
 hi er ar chy 
 pa tri Srch al 
 chal ce do ny 
 me chanf'cian 
 cat e chet ic al 
 ich thy 61 o gy 
 char ac ter is tic 
 
 The followiDg words, derived from the French, have 
 ch like sh : 
 
 Chhise chi cane chev a li£r 
 
 cham ade deb au chee chan de lier 
 
 cham pa/g-n cap u chin chi cane ry 
 
 The following words have the i of the accented syllable 
 sounded like e long, being pronounced in English nearly 
 the same as in French : 
 
 ma chine 
 ma rine 
 
 Pique 
 shire 
 an tique 
 fa tigue 
 in trigue 
 
 po lice 
 va lice 
 cap u chin 
 
 •Webster has chimist 
 
 bom ba sin 
 mag a zine 
 quar an tine 
 ma chine ry 
 ma chin ist 
 
 i2 
 
<___ 
 
 TABLE XXV. 
 
 Sounds of the letter g. 
 
 General Rule. Double g is hard before all the vowels. 
 Single g is hard before a, 0, and u ; and soft, like j, be- 
 fore e, i,and y. 
 
 Exceptions. Double g is soft in agger ate and suggest, 
 with their compounds and derivatives ; and single g is 
 hard before e, i, and y, in the following words, derived 
 from Saxon roots. 
 
 Gear girl giz zard 
 
 geese be gin eager 
 
 geek be get gew gaw 
 
 get be girt mea ger 
 
 gills for get ti ger 
 
 gig for give hu ger 
 
 gift mis give t&r get 
 
 give gib bous par get 
 
 gild gid dy ea ger ness 
 
 gilt gig gle nrea ger ly 
 
 gimp gild ing gib ber ish 
 
 gird* gimlet giddiness 
 
 girt geld ing to geth er 
 
 girth gir die al to geth er 
 
 G after n, at the end of a syllable, has a peculiar sound, 
 resembling the French nasal n, and differing from both 
 its hard and soft sounds. This sound, in the primitive 
 word is commonly retained in the derivative ; as, 
 
 Cling clinging hang hanging 
 
 sing sing er wrong wrong ing 
 
 string string y tongue tongue less 
 
 Single g in the following words, has a double sound ; 
 the first nasal, the second hard : 
 
 An gle jin gle lin ger strong est 
 
 d&n gle min gle con ger mon ger 
 
( "») 
 
 man gle sin gle con gress mon grel 
 
 spangle shingle longer younger 
 
 stran gle tin gle long est young est 
 
 tan gle fin ger strong er hun ger 
 
 G is silent before win the same syllable. In this situa- 
 tion, it tends to lengthen any vowel immediately pre- 
 ceding, except e and a. Before n, at the beginning of a 
 wor4, g is always silent. 
 
 Gnat 
 
 p-nash 
 sign 
 en sign 
 as sign 
 con sign 
 de sign 
 be nign 
 con dio-n 
 
 ma lign 
 
 deign 
 
 feign 
 
 ar xmgn 
 earn paegn 
 poign ant 
 gnomon 
 gno mon ics 
 phlegm 
 im pregn 
 ap o frhegm 
 di a phragm 
 
 reign 
 gnaw 
 gn£rl 
 im pftgn 
 op pugn 
 pro pign 
 
 With the addition of er, est, ly, ing, merit, ness, able, 
 and cy, the primitive pronunciation is preserved : as in, 
 
 Sign er con sign ment im pign er 
 
 as sign ing con dign ness poign an cy 
 
 be nign est con dign ly en sign cy 
 
 ma lign ly ar razgn ing as sign a ble 
 
 In other words derived from the foregoing primitives, 
 the g and n are divided, and take their usual sounds, 
 as in, 
 
 Be nig nant ma lig ni ty re cog ni" tion 
 
 de sig nate ma lig nant ly cog ni zance 
 
 ma lig nant be nig ni ty re cog ni zance 
 
 re pug nant im pug na ble phys i 6g no my 
 
 sig ni fy as sig na tion cog ni za ble 
 
 sig nif i cant op pug na tion 
 
 in dig ni ty impregnation 
 
( 1-04 ) 
 
 
 TABLE XXVI. 
 
 
 Sounds of the Letter 
 
 X. 
 
 The common sound of x is like ks 
 
 . In the following 
 
 words, this letter, between two vowels, and where the 
 
 accent is not 
 
 upon it, sounds like gz. 
 
 It would simplify 
 
 the language 
 
 and probably require no 
 
 great effort to bring 
 
 the x in these words to its regular sound. 
 
 Ex act 
 
 ex hort 
 
 ex an i mate 
 
 ex empt 
 
 ex alt 
 
 ex as per ate 
 
 ex ist 
 
 ex ert 
 
 ex em pli fy 
 
 ex ult 
 
 ex ist ence 
 
 ex am ina tion 
 
 
 TABLE XXVII. 
 
 The regular sound of ea is like e long. In the following 
 
 words, it has the sound of short e as in men. 
 
 Bread • 
 
 head wealth 
 
 tread 
 
 breadth 
 
 earn meant 
 
 break fast 
 
 breast 
 
 learn realm 
 
 breast plate 
 
 earl 
 
 yearn search 
 
 dead en 
 
 pearl 
 
 earth spread 
 
 dead ly 
 
 breath 
 
 dearth stead 
 
 earl dom 
 
 cleanse 
 
 hearth sweat 
 
 ear ly 
 
 dead 
 
 health thread 
 
 earn est 
 
 death 
 
 stealth threat 
 
 earth en 
 
 earth ly 
 
 pleas ant 
 
 a breast 
 
 feath er 
 
 mea sure 
 
 a head 
 
 leath er 
 
 plea sure 
 
 be head 
 
 weath er 
 
 trea sure 
 
 be spread 
 
 learn ing 
 
 read y 
 
 im pearl 
 
 head long 
 
 stead fast 
 
 in stead 
 
 head ake 
 
 steal thy 
 
 re hearse 
 
 heav y 
 
 sweat y 
 
 re search 
 
 i 
 
( 105) 
 
 heov en 
 
 threat en 
 
 en deav or 
 
 jeal ous 
 
 trea die 
 
 pleas ant ry 
 
 lead en 
 
 wealth y 
 
 read i ness 
 
 mead ow 
 
 weap on 
 
 re hears al 
 
 peas ant 
 
 zeal ot 
 
 treach e ry 
 
 pheas ant 
 
 zeal ous 
 
 treach er ous 
 
 In the following, e before 
 
 a is silent. 
 
 [long a) 
 
 he&rt y 
 
 tear 
 
 break 
 
 dis heart en 
 
 bear er 
 
 steak 
 
 
 swear ing 
 
 great 
 
 (dipthhong at) 
 
 pear tree 
 
 
 bear 
 
 for bear 
 
 (Italian a) 
 
 pear 
 
 for swear 
 
 he&rt 
 
 swear 
 
 
 eau 
 
 This combination of vowels is introduced from the 
 French, and has the sound of long o, except in the word 
 beauty 'and its derivatives, in which it sounds like long u. 
 
 Beau flambeau man teau maker 
 
 bat teau ron deau 
 
 bu reau port man teau 
 
 ei 
 
 The common sound of ei is like long e; as, seize } be- 
 lieve. They take the sound of long a in the following 
 words : 
 
 Deign 
 
 feign 
 
 reign 
 
 feint 
 
 rein 
 
 vein 
 
 veil 
 
 eight 
 freight 
 weight 
 reign ing 
 neigh bor 
 weight y 
 eigh teen 
 
 skein 
 neigh 
 weigh 
 eigAt y 
 hei nous 
 in weigh 
 pur vey 
 
 bey 
 
 dey 
 
 prey 
 
 they 
 
 whey 
 
 con vey 
 
 o bey 
 

 ( 106) 
 
 
 
 Other sounds of ei. 
 
 {long i.) 
 
 eye 
 
 (diphthong au) 
 
 ne\ght 
 
 {short c.) 
 
 heir 
 
 s\e\ght 
 
 heifer 
 
 their 
 
 Leop ard 
 
 Leop old 
 
 feoff- 
 
 jeop ard 
 
 yeom an 
 
 feoffment 
 
 Leon ard 
 
 jeop ard y 
 ie like long c< 
 
 peo pie 
 
 Chief 
 
 bier 
 
 pierce 
 
 breef 
 
 pier 
 
 field 
 
 fief 
 
 tier 
 
 shield 
 
 lief 
 
 fneze 
 
 wield 
 
 grief 
 
 sieze 
 
 yield 
 
 grieve 
 
 mien 
 
 niece 
 
 thieve 
 
 fiend 
 
 piece 
 
 liege 
 
 fierce 
 
 pnest 
 
 siege 
 
 tierce 
 
 shriek 
 
 chief tain 
 
 thiev ish 
 
 fnend 
 
 griev ous 
 
 -brief ly 
 
 sieve 
 
 
 ieu like long u 
 
 . 
 
 hteii 
 
 pur \ieix 
 
 lie&.ten ant 
 
 a dieii 
 
 pur view 
 
 in ter view 
 
 view 
 
 re view 
 
 count er view 
 
 
 TABLE XXVIII. 
 
 Various irregular sounds of the letter o, whether single 
 
 or combined with other vowels. In several words the o 
 
 is silent. 
 
 
 
 Boll 
 
 pdst gross 
 
 powlt 
 
 droll 
 
 gftost bdrne 
 
 s<5id 
 
 &noll 
 
 dont # shorn 
 
 sowrce 
 

 ( 
 
 107 ) 
 
 
 poll 
 
 wdnt* 
 
 sworn 
 
 dough 
 
 roll 
 
 fort 
 
 torn 
 
 though* 
 
 toll 
 
 port 
 
 worn 
 
 through* 
 
 troll 
 
 sport 
 
 forth 
 
 br<5th 
 
 scroll 
 
 old 
 
 groztfth 
 
 cloth 
 
 comb 
 
 bold 
 
 door 
 
 moth 
 
 bolt 
 
 cold 
 
 floor 
 
 wroth 
 
 colt 
 
 fold 
 
 bourn 
 
 borr? 
 
 dolt 
 
 gold 
 
 mowrn 
 
 corn 
 
 jolt 
 
 hold 
 
 bottlt 
 
 horn 
 
 molt 
 
 mold 
 
 cowrt 
 
 morn 
 
 polt 
 
 sold 
 
 course 
 
 scorn 
 
 volt 
 
 told 
 
 mould 
 
 thorn 
 
 pork 
 
 scold 
 
 ttfhole 
 
 form 
 
 dost 
 
 loth 
 
 four 
 
 storm 
 
 host 
 
 doth 
 
 gowrd 
 
 corse 
 
 .most 
 
 sloth 
 
 moult 
 
 horse 
 
 morse 
 
 one* 
 
 croup* 
 
 doub le 
 
 sort 
 
 once* 
 
 group 
 
 doub let 
 
 short 
 
 monk 
 
 soup 
 
 troub le 
 
 snort 
 
 month 
 
 rouge 
 
 jour nal 
 
 tort 
 
 none 
 
 tour 
 
 jour ney 
 
 cork 
 
 blood 
 
 do 
 
 flour ish 
 
 fork 
 
 flood 
 
 to 
 
 nour ish 
 
 cord 
 
 front 
 
 who 
 
 rough ly* 
 
 lord 
 
 seodrge 
 
 whose 
 
 roughness* 
 
 north 
 
 touch 
 
 cou/d 
 
 south ern 
 
 cost 
 
 young 
 
 shou/d 
 
 touch y 
 
 lost 
 
 chough* 
 
 wou/d 
 
 young ster 
 
 tost 
 
 rough* 
 
 wolf 
 
 mon day 
 
 ! frost 
 
 tough* 
 
 bough 
 
 moth er 
 
 froth 
 
 slough* 
 
 plough 
 
 bou sy 
 
( 108) 
 
 bo som 
 do ing 
 mov ing 
 dough ty 
 al thdugh 
 dis course 
 re course 
 re source 
 ad joiirn 
 so jonrn 
 a mour 
 car touch 
 sur tout 
 un couth 
 e nofigh 
 w6m an 
 worn en # 
 
 Remarks. # The words dont and wont, are shortened 
 from do not and will not : they are frequently used in com- 
 mon conversation, and somewhat often in familiar dia- 
 logues, in books, or in theatrical works of a common 
 order; but never in grave, or dignified compositions. 
 
 The words, cough and trough, have ou, like broad a, 
 or au, pronounced, tawf\ and trauf, having gh sounded 
 like/. 
 
 One and once, are pronounced wun and wunce. 
 
 The words, chough rough, tough, slough, are pro- 
 nounced chuf, ruf, tuf, sluf. 
 
 * Croup, group, and soup are French, woop, &c. as in 
 Table VI. would be English. 
 
 Rough ly and rough ness, are pronounced ruf ly, ruf- 
 ness. 
 
 Enough in pronounced enuf. 
 
 Worn en is pronounced wim men. See the Introduction 
 page 8 th. 
 
 broad 
 
 dove 
 
 slough 
 
 groat 
 
 glove 
 
 drou^/it 
 
 cough* 
 
 love 
 
 bol ster 
 
 trough* 
 
 shove 
 
 hoi ster 
 
 ought 
 
 wont 
 
 dough y 
 
 bought 
 
 word 
 
 whol ly 
 
 brought 
 
 worm 
 
 coul ter 
 
 {ought * 
 
 work 
 
 four teen 
 
 nought 
 
 worth 
 
 poul tice 
 
 sought 
 
 worse 
 
 poul try 
 
 thought 
 
 wort 
 
 shoul der 
 
 wrought 
 
 son 
 
 coun try 
 
 bom6 
 
 ton 
 
 cour ant 
 
 clom& 
 
 won 
 
 cour age 
 
 rhomb 
 
 t6mb 
 
 coup le 
 
 come 
 
 move 
 
 coup let 
 
 some 
 
 prove 
 
 cous m 
 
( 109) 
 
 TABLE XXIX. 
 
 Words in which k is silent at the beginning of words. 
 Knave knight knap knit 
 
 knead knoll knar knob 
 
 knee know kneer knock: 
 
 kneel knab knurl knot 
 
 knife knack knell 
 
 knave ry knight ly knob bed 
 
 knav ish know ing knob by 
 
 knee deep knitter knock er 
 
 knee pan knuc kle knot ed 
 
 knight hood knuc kled knowl edge 
 
 knead ing trough* knight er rant ry 
 
 knight er rant knit ting nee die 
 
 * Pronounced, need ing trauf. 
 
 TABLE XXX. 
 
 th 
 
 These two letters., united, have two peculiar sounds. 
 Neither is produced by the direct combination of their 
 separate sounds. The first, or sharp th may be considered 
 regular, as in tMnk, cloth. No part of our language pre- 
 sents more contradictions, or is so difficult for foreigners 
 in general to surmount, as the use of these two letters. 
 
 The following lisj^comprehends the primitive words 
 in which the fiat th is found. 
 
 The those th&s them 
 
 thee thy thou then 
 
 these thhn thdugh thence 
 
 thine th&t their this 
 
 K 
 
(110) 
 
 there 
 with 
 cldth ier 
 ei ther 
 hea then 
 nei ther 
 fhth om 
 gath er 
 
 rath er 
 breth rea 
 feath er 
 \eath er 
 pri/A, ee 
 poth er 
 fS //ier 
 far ther 
 
 weath er 
 hi//i er 
 thith er 
 wi/A er 
 whiz/a, er 
 neth er 
 we/A er 
 wheth er 
 
 bro/4 er 
 mo/A er 
 oth er 
 smo/A er 
 wor thy 
 an 6/A er 
 to geth er 
 al to geth er 
 
 A few words, which have the sharp th in the singular, 
 have the flat sound in the plural. 
 
 oath 
 
 path 
 
 lath 
 
 moth 
 
 cloth 
 
 oaths 
 
 paths 
 
 laths 
 
 moths 
 
 cloths 
 
 booth 
 
 mouth 
 
 wreath 
 
 sheath 
 
 sw&th 
 
 booths 
 
 months 
 
 wreaths 
 
 sheaths 
 
 swaths 
 
 Though general principles have not been laid down, 
 and the practice has been very irregular, as appears from 
 inspecting and comparing the best English Dictionaries, 
 yet the rule may be deduced, with sufficient clearness, 
 that nouns and adjectives ending in th should preserve 
 the sharp sound, and the verbs take the flat sound, with 
 a final e ; as 
 
 Nouns and Adj. 
 
 Sheath 
 wreath 
 loath 
 
 Nouns and Adj. 
 
 breath 
 sc&th 
 
 Verbs. 
 
 sheave 
 wreathe 
 loathe 
 
 Verbs. 
 
 br bathe 
 sckthe 
 
 Nouns and Adj. Verbs. 
 
 bath bkthe 
 
 teeth teethe 
 
 sdoth shothe 
 
 Nouns and Adj. Verbs. 
 
 cldthr cldthe 
 
 swath 
 mouth 
 
 swathe 
 mouthe 
 
( 111) ____ 
 
 The following words will farther show that th, at the 
 end of a word, is sharp ; and with a final e, is uniformly 
 flat with the single exception of the word withe. 
 
 B6th 
 doth 
 sloth 
 wrath 
 
 blithe 
 hithe 
 sithe 
 tithe 
 
 trith 
 heath 
 death 
 yoith 
 be neath 
 
 writhe 
 seethe 
 in wrea/Ae 
 un sheathe 
 be que&the 
 
 As in th, so in the letter s there is the same general 
 tendency to the sharp sound in the noun and adjective, 
 and the flat sound of z in the verb ; as in 
 
 Nouns and 
 
 Adj 
 
 Verbs. 
 
 Nouns and Adj 
 
 Verbs. 
 
 C16se 
 
 
 close 
 
 dis ise 
 
 dis iise 
 
 cruise 
 
 
 cruise 
 
 ex cuse 
 
 ex cuse 
 
 house 
 
 
 house 
 
 mis use 
 
 mis use 
 
 browse 
 
 
 browse 
 
 pr£m ise 
 
 pre mise 
 
 mouse 
 
 
 mouse 
 
 refuse 
 
 re fuse 
 
 rise 
 
 
 rise 
 
 16ose 
 
 16se 
 
 Nouns and 
 
 Apj 
 
 Verbs, 
 
 Nouns and Adj 
 
 Verbs. 
 
 grease 
 
 
 grease 
 
 g6ose 
 
 choose 
 
 use 
 
 
 use 
 
 lease 
 
 t£ase 
 
 souse 
 
 
 souse 
 
 grouse 
 
 drowse 
 
 a biise 
 dif fuse 
 
 a Mise 
 dif fuse 
 
 Noun. 
 
 Ad vice 
 de vice 
 
 A few words are differently spelled ; as 
 
 Verb. 
 
 ap pease 
 
 Verb. 
 
 ad vise 
 de vise 
 
 Noun. 
 
 prac tice 
 
 price 
 
 prize 
 
 So irregular, however, is the use of the letter s in En- 
 glish, that it is impossible to deduce any rule respecting 
 it which can have a general application. 
 

 < 
 
 112 ) 
 
 
 
 TABLE XXXI. 
 
 
 Q, in English, is always 
 
 followed by w. 
 
 It has precisely 
 
 the sound of k ; and the u 
 
 , when sounded, has the same 
 
 power as w. 
 
 The word liquid is sounded the same way 
 
 as if written lik-wid, and tran-qwil r like frank-will. 
 
 Quake 
 
 quill 
 
 squall 
 
 con quest 
 
 quail 
 
 quench 
 
 quart 
 
 quad rant 
 
 queen 
 
 quest 
 
 squash 
 
 squan der 
 
 quire 
 
 quick 
 
 e qual 
 
 ac quire 
 
 quite 
 
 quell 
 
 fre quent 
 
 re quite 
 
 squeak 
 
 quilt 
 
 qui et 
 
 a" que duct 
 
 squeal 
 
 quince 
 
 tran quil 
 
 el o quence 
 
 squeeze 
 
 squib 
 
 quiv er 
 
 e" qui ty 
 
 quack 
 
 squint 
 
 qu&r ter 
 
 re" qui site 
 
 U y has the same sounc 
 
 as w r after g < 
 
 :>r s ; as in 
 
 Lan guage Ian guid dis 
 
 sua ding 
 
 an guish 
 
 lin guist per sua sive 
 
 lan guish 
 
 as suage lan 
 
 [ guish ing 
 
 san guine 
 
 per suade dis 
 
 j tin guish 
 
 - 
 
 TABLE XXXII. 
 
 
 
 Christian Names of Men. 
 
 
 Charles 
 
 Ralph 
 
 Da vid 
 
 Lu ther 
 
 George 
 
 Seth 
 
 Do rus 
 
 Lu cas 
 
 Giles 
 
 A& ron 
 
 De cius 
 
 Mi chael 
 
 Hugh 
 
 Abel 
 
 E nocb 
 
 Milo 
 
 Job 
 
 A mos 
 
 E phraim 
 
 Mo ses 
 
 John 
 
 A sa 
 
 E nos 
 
 Me don 
 
 James 
 
 A saph 
 
 Jo tham 
 
 My ron 
 
 Jude 
 
 Bry an 
 
 Jo el 
 
 Na than 
 
 Luke 
 
 Ore thon 
 
 he vi 
 
 No ah 
 
 Mark 
 
 Caleb 
 
 Lew is 
 
 Ow en 
 
 Miles 
 
 Ce sar 
 
 La ban 
 
 Obed 
 
 Paul 
 
 Cy rus 
 
 Lu cius 
 
 dm 
 
 Flo rus 
 
 Ash er 
 
 Mau rice 
 
 Thad de us 
 

 ( 
 
 113 ) 
 
 
 Fe lix 
 
 Ber nard 
 
 Wal ter 
 
 Zeb u Ion 
 
 Hi ram 
 
 Cal vin 
 
 War ren 
 
 Mor de cai 
 
 He man 
 
 Con rad 
 
 Ar thur 
 
 Bar na bas 
 
 I ra 
 
 Clem ent 
 
 Aj val 
 
 Da ri us 
 
 Ja cob 
 
 Dud ley 
 
 Mar tin 
 
 E li sha 
 
 Ja red 
 
 Dan iel 
 
 Mar cus 
 
 Jo si ah 
 
 Jo seph 
 
 Den nis 
 
 Har vey 
 
 Leb be us 
 
 Jo ab 
 
 Ed gar 
 
 Har mon 
 
 Mat thi as 
 
 Jo nas 
 
 Ed mund 
 
 Row Ian 
 
 Pa le mon 
 
 Pe ter 
 
 Ed ward 
 
 A bra ham 
 
 Syl va nus 
 
 Phil ip 
 
 Ed win 
 
 A sa hel 
 
 To bi as 
 
 Pat rick 
 
 Egbert 
 
 Flo ri o 
 
 U ri ah 
 
 Pe leg 
 
 Ez ra 
 
 Ju ni us 
 
 Zac che us 
 
 Pe rez 
 
 Jus tin 
 
 The o dore 
 
 E ras tus 
 
 Pho cion 
 
 Jes se 
 
 A dri an 
 
 Lo ren zo 
 
 Philo 
 
 Jus tus 
 
 Al phe us 
 
 Ly san der 
 
 Reu ben 
 
 Leon ard 
 
 Ab sa lorn 
 
 Me lane ton 
 
 Ru el 
 
 Lev in 
 
 An tho ny 
 
 Na than iel 
 
 Ru lef 
 
 Mat thew 
 
 Am a sa 
 
 Phi Ian der 
 
 Rich ard 
 
 Ellis 
 
 Ben ja min 
 
 Syl ves ter 
 
 Ros well 
 
 Eg bert 
 
 Ben e diet 
 
 E ben e zer 
 
 Rob ert 
 
 Fes tus 
 
 Chris to pher Hez e ki ah 
 
 Ru fas 
 
 Fran cis 
 
 Cyp ri an 
 
 Jed e di ah 
 
 Si las 
 
 Frank lin 
 
 El na than 
 
 Jer e mi ah 
 
 1 Si mon 
 
 Gar rit 
 
 Elihu 
 
 A si el 
 
 Se Ian 
 
 Gil bert 
 
 El ka nah 
 
 A Ion zo 
 
 Ste phen 
 
 God frey 
 
 Fred er ic 
 
 Au gus tus 
 
 Shu bal 
 
 Gkir don 
 
 Ich a bod 
 
 Au gus tine 
 
 So Ion 
 
 Ger shorn 
 
 Josh u a 
 
 Ar chi bald 
 
 Titus 
 
 Hor ace 
 
 Jon a than 
 
 A bi jah 
 
 The ron 
 
 Hen ry 
 
 Lem u el 
 
 A dol phus 
 
 Tu nis 
 
 iJum phrey 
 
 Nich o las 
 
 A pol los 
 
 Ze rah 
 
 Is rael 
 
 01 i ver 
 
 ba di ah 
 
 Ab ner 
 
 Jas per 
 
 Phin e as 
 
 Zech a ri ah 
 
 Ad am 
 
 Sal mon 
 
 Phil e mon 
 
 Al ex an der 
 
 Al bert 
 
 Thorn as 
 
 Rod er ic 
 
 Cor ne li us 
 
 Al fred 
 
 Ter ence 
 
 Sam u el 
 
 E ze ki el 
 
 Al len 
 
 Vin cent 
 
 Sim e on 
 
 E liph a let 
 
 Al van 
 
 Will iam 
 
 Sol o mon 
 
 The oph il us 
 
 An drew 
 
 Aus tin 
 
 Tim o thy 
 
 Ar te man 
 
 Am brose 
 
 fe^s i 
 
 Lau rence 
 
 
 
 k2 
 

 ( 
 
 114 ) 
 
 
 
 Christian Names of Women. 
 
 Ann 
 
 Ag nes 
 
 Sally 
 
 Cor ne lia 
 
 Jane 
 
 An na 
 
 Ab i gail 
 
 Di a na 
 
 Ruth 
 
 Abby 
 
 Car o line 
 
 E li za 
 
 A my 
 
 Al ice 
 
 Cath a rine 
 
 Eu do cia 
 
 Chlo e 
 
 An nis 
 
 Cyn thi a 
 
 I re ne 
 
 Celia 
 
 Ach sah 
 
 Deb o rah 
 
 Je mi ma 
 
 Delia 
 
 Bridg et 
 
 Dor o thy 
 
 Je ru sha 
 
 Di nah 
 
 Bet sey 
 
 El e nor 
 
 Ke zi ah 
 
 De cia 
 
 Char lotte 
 
 Em i ly 
 
 Lu ere tia 
 
 Eu nice 
 
 Daph ne 
 
 Flav i a 
 
 Ma ri a 
 
 Flo ra 
 
 Em ma 
 
 Har ri et 
 
 phe lia 
 
 Ju lia 
 
 Esth er 
 
 Liv i a 
 
 Pa me la 
 
 Ju dith 
 
 Ellen 
 
 Mar ga ret 
 
 Pan the a 
 
 Le ah 
 
 El sey 
 
 Mag da len 
 
 Pau li na 
 
 Lo is 
 
 Ed na 
 
 Mir i am 
 
 Rox a na 
 
 Lu cy 
 
 Fan ny 
 
 Or thi a 
 
 So phi a 
 
 Mabel 
 
 Fran ces 
 
 Ros a mond 
 
 The re sa 
 
 Ma ry 
 
 Han nah 
 
 Syl vi a 
 
 Ur su la 
 
 Phebe 
 
 Hel en 
 
 Tul li a 
 
 Clem en ti na 
 
 Por cia 
 
 Hes ter 
 
 E liz a beth 
 
 Ju li an a 
 
 Ra chel 
 
 Hul dah 
 
 Pe nel o pe 
 
 The o do ra 
 
 Rho da 
 
 Jen net 
 
 Dor cas 
 
 Mar tha 
 
 Sa rah 
 
 Kit ty 
 
 Lau ra 
 
 Mar cia 
 
 Su san 
 
 Lyd ia 
 
 Al mi ra 
 
 A man da 
 
 Fa bi a 
 
 Nan cy 
 
 A de lia 
 
 At til i a 
 
 Eu phe mi 
 
 a 01 ive 
 
 A me lia 
 
 Be lin da 
 
 La vin i a 
 
 Patty 
 
 A se nath 
 
 Ce cil ia 
 
 Oc ta vi a 
 
 Peggy 
 
 Chris ti na 
 
 Ca mil la 
 
 Va le ri a 
 
 Phyl lis 
 
 Cor de lia 
 
 Cle men tia 
 
 Co rin na 
 
 Le ti" tia 
 
 Pris cil la 
 
 An gel i ca 
 
 E lec^tra 
 
 Ma til da 
 
 Re bee ca 
 
 An gel i na 
 
 E mil la 
 
 Me lis sa 
 
 Su san nah 
 
 Hen ri et ta 
 
 Jo an na 
 
 Mi ner va 
 
 Te ren tia 
 
 Mar ga ret ta 
 
 Lu cin da 
 
 
 
 
 The names 
 
 and order of all the Books of i 
 Testaments. 
 
 %e Old and New 
 
 Gen e sis 
 
 9 Deut e ron o my I. 
 
 Sam u el 
 
 Ex o dus 
 
 Josh u 
 
 a II. 
 
 Sam u el 
 
 Le vit i cus Judg e s I. 
 
 Kings 
 
 Num bers 
 
 Ruth 
 
 II. 
 
 Kings 
 
( 115) 
 
 I. Chron i cles 
 
 TheS. ofSolomon 
 
 ba di ah 
 
 II. Chron i cles 
 
 I sai ah 
 
 Jo nah 
 
 Ez ra 
 
 Jer e mi ah 
 
 Mi cah 
 
 Ne he mi ah 
 
 La ment a tions 
 
 Na hum 
 
 Esther 
 
 E ze ki el 
 
 Ha bak kuk 
 
 Job 
 
 Dan iel 
 
 Zeph a ni ah 
 
 Psalms 
 
 Ho se a 
 
 Hag ga i 
 
 Prov erbs 
 
 Jo el 
 
 Zech a ri ah 
 
 Ec cle si as tes 
 
 A mos 
 
 Mai a chi 
 
 The Books of the New Testament. 
 
 Mat thew 
 
 E phe si ans 
 
 To the He brews 
 
 Mark 
 
 Phil ip pi ans 
 
 The Ep. of James 
 
 Luke 
 
 Co loss i ans 
 
 I. Pe ter 
 
 John 
 
 I. Thess a lo ni ans 
 
 II. Pe ter 
 
 The Acts 
 
 II.Thessaloni ans 
 
 I. John 
 
 E pis tie to the I. Tim o thy 
 
 II. John 
 
 Romans 
 
 II. Tim o thy 
 
 III. John 
 
 I. Co rinth i ans 
 
 ; Ti tus 
 
 Jude 
 
 II. Co rinth i ans Phi le mon 
 
 Rev e la tion 
 
 Gal a tians 
 
 
 
 
 TABLE XXXIII. 
 
 
 Numerals. 
 
 
 Cardinal Numbers. Ordinal Numbers 
 
 . Numeral Letters. 
 
 1 one 
 
 first 
 
 I 
 
 2 two 
 
 second 
 
 II 
 
 3 three 
 
 third 
 
 III 
 
 4 four 
 
 fourth 
 
 IV 
 
 5 five 
 
 fifth 
 
 V 
 
 6 six 
 
 sixth 
 
 VI 
 
 7 seven 
 
 seventh 
 
 VII 
 
 8 eight 
 
 eighth 
 
 VIII 
 
 9 nine 
 
 ninth 
 
 IX 
 
 10 ten 
 
 tenth 
 
 X 
 
 11 eleven 
 
 eleventh 
 
 XI 
 
 12 twelve 
 
 twelfth 
 
 XII 
 
 13 thirteen 
 
 thirteenth 
 
 XIII 
 
 14 fourteen 
 
 fourteenth 
 
 XIV 
 
 15 fifteen 
 
 fifteenth 
 
 XV 
 
 16 sixteen 
 
 sixteenth 
 
 XVI 
 
( 116 ) 
 
 seventeenth XVII 
 
 eighteenth XVIII 
 
 nineteenth XIX 
 
 twentieth XX 
 
 twenty-first XXI 
 
 twenty-second XXII 
 
 twenty-third XXIII 
 
 twenty-fourth XXIV 
 
 twenty-fifth XXV 
 
 twenty-sixth XXVI 
 
 twenty-seventh XXVII 
 
 twenty-eighth XXV III 
 
 twenty-ninth XXIX 
 
 thirtieth XXX 
 
 thirty-first XXXI 
 
 thirty-second XXXII 
 
 fortieth XL 
 
 fiftieth L 
 
 sixtieth LX 
 
 seventieth LXX 
 
 eightieth LXXX 
 
 ninetieth XG 
 
 one hundredth C 
 
 two hundredth CC 
 
 three hundredth CGC 
 
 four hundredth CCCC 
 
 five hundredth D 
 
 six hundredth DC 
 
 seven hundredth DCC 
 
 eight hundredth DCCC 
 
 nine hundredth DCCCC 
 
 one thousandth M 
 MDCCCXXX eighteen hundred and thirty. 1830. 
 
 17 seventeen 
 
 18 eighteen 
 
 19 nineteen 
 
 20 twenty 
 
 21 twenty-one 
 
 22 twenty-two 
 
 23 twenty-three 
 
 24 twenty-four 
 
 25 twenty-five 
 
 26 twenty-six 
 
 27 twenty-seven 
 
 28 twenty-eight 
 
 29 twenty-nine 
 
 30 thirty 
 
 31 thirty-one 
 
 32 thirty-two 
 40 forty 
 50 fifty 
 60 sixty 
 70 seventy 
 80 eighty 
 90 ninety 
 
 100 a hundred 
 200 two hundred 
 300 three hundred 
 400 four hundred 
 500 Hve hundred 
 600 six hundred 
 700 seven hundred 
 800 eight hundred 
 900 nine hundred 
 1000 a thousand 
 
 TABLE XXXVI. 
 
 Abbreviations are much less used than they formerly 
 were. Unless they are such as frequently occur, and are 
 well understood, they produce more inconvenience than 
 benefit. The following comprehends such as good scho- 
 lars are acquainted with, and are in most general use. 
 
( 117 ) 
 
 Many others might be added, which relate to particular 
 sciences or trades, but are hardly considered as allowable 
 in general literature 
 
 Latin Abbreviations adopted in English, 
 
 A. B. Artium Baccalaureus, Bachelor of Arts. 
 A. D. Anno Domini, in the year of our Lord. 
 A. M. Artium Magister, Master of- Arts. 
 A. M. Anno Mundi, in the year of the World. 
 A. M. Ante Meridiem, before noon. 
 
 A. U. C. Ab Urbe Condita from the foundation of the city. 
 P. M. Post Meridiem, after noon. 
 
 B. D. Baccalaureus Divinitatis, Bachelor of Divinity. 
 
 C. or Cent. Centum, a hundred. 
 C. or Cap. Caput, Chapter. 
 
 C. S. Custos Sigilli, Keeper of the Seal, 
 d. dele, blot out. 
 
 d. denarius, a penny, 
 do. ditto, the same. 
 
 e. g. exempli gratia, for example, 
 id. idem, the same 
 
 | e. id est, that is, [men. 
 
 L H. S. lesus Hominum Salvator, Jesus the Saviour of 
 
 Jun. Junior, younger. 
 
 L. Liber, a book. 
 
 £ Libra, pounds. 
 
 LL. D. Legum Doctor, Doctor of Laws. Not L. L. D 
 
 L. S. Locus SigilU, the place of the Seal. 
 
 M. B. Medicina Baccalaureus, Bachelor of Physic. 
 
 M. D. Medicina Doctor, Doctor of Medicine. 
 
 M. S. Manuscriptum, Manuscript. 
 
 M. SS. Manuscripti, Manuscripts. 
 
 M. S. Memoria Sacrum, Sacred to the memory. 
 
 N. B. Nota Bene, Note well. 
 
 No. Numero, in number. 
 
 per cent, per centum, by the hundred. 
 
 q. quadrans, a farthing. 
 
 q. d. quasi dicat, as if he should say. 
 
 q. s. quantum sufficit, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 s. solidus, a shilling. 
 
 S. T. D. Sancta Theologia Doctor, Doctor of Divinity. 
 
( 118) 
 
 S. T. P. Sane tee Theologia 
 
 Professor, Professor of Di- 
 
 ss scilicet, namely. 
 
 vinity. 
 
 ult. ultimo, the last. 
 
 »- j 
 
 v. vide, see. 
 
 
 viz. videlicet, to wit. 
 
 
 &,c. et ccetera, and the rest. 
 
 
 English Abbreviations. 
 
 A. Answer. 
 
 E. East. 
 
 Q. Question. 
 
 W. West. 
 
 Admr. Administrator. 
 
 N. North. 
 
 Bart. Baronet. 
 
 S. South. 
 
 bbl. barrel. 
 
 N. W. North West. 
 
 hhd. hogshead. 
 
 Lieut. Lieutenant. 
 
 yd. yard. 
 
 Maj. Major. 
 
 acct. account. 
 
 Mr. Master or Mister. 
 
 Co. Company. 
 
 Mrs. Mistress. 
 
 cts. cents. 
 
 M. C. Member of Congress. 
 
 Capt. Captain. 
 
 M. P. Member of Parlia- 
 
 c. h. court house. 
 
 ment. 
 
 Col. Colonel. 
 
 Sen. Senator, or Senior. 
 
 Comr. Commissioner. 
 
 Rep. Representative. 
 
 cwt. a hundred weight. 
 
 Pres. President. 
 
 D. D. Doctor of Divinity. 
 
 P. S. Postscript. 
 
 Dep. Deputy. 
 
 P. M. Postmaster. 
 
 Dr. Debtor or Doctor. 
 
 P. 0. Post-Office. 
 
 Ds. Dollars. 
 
 S. C. Supreme Court. 
 
 Esq. Esquire. 
 
 C. C. P. Court of Common 
 
 Exr. Executor. 
 
 Pleas. 
 
 Eng. English. 
 
 St. Saint. 
 
 Fr. French. 
 
 Sec. Secretary. 
 
 F. R. S. Fellow of the 
 
 St'g. Sterling. 
 
 Royal Society. 
 
 Tr. Treasurer. 
 
 Gen. General. 
 
 wt. weight. 
 
 Gov. Governor. 
 
 Jan. January - 
 
 Hon. Honorable. 
 
 Feb. February, 
 
 Kt. Knight. 
 
 Oct. October. 
 
 K. B. Knight Bath. 
 
 Dec. December. 
 
 Lat. Latitude. 
 
 Gal. Galatians. 
 
 Lou. Longitude. 
 
 Ex. Exodus. 
 
 lbs. pounds. 
 
 Cor. Corinthians. 
 
( 119) 
 
 Rev. Revelation, or Rever- 
 
 B. Book. 
 
 end. 
 
 p. page. 
 
 chap. Chapter. 
 
 v. verse. 
 
 The American States 
 
 are thus abbreviated. 
 
 Al. Alabama. 
 
 Pa. Pennsylvania. 
 
 Ct. Connecticut. 
 
 R. I. Rhode Island. 
 
 Del. Delaware. 
 
 S. C. South Carolina. 
 
 Ga, Georgia. 
 
 Ten. Tennessee. 
 
 Ind. Indiana. 
 
 Va. Virginia. 
 
 111. Illinois. 
 
 Vt. Vermont. 
 
 K. Kentucky. 
 
 Ark. T. Arkansaw Terri- 
 
 Lou. Louisiana. 
 
 tory. 
 
 Me. Maine. 
 
 D. C. District of Columbia. 
 
 Ms. Massachusetts. 
 
 Mich. T. Michigan Terri- 
 
 Mi. Mississippi. 
 
 tory. 
 
 Mo. Missouri. 
 
 U. S. United States. 
 
 Md. Maryland. 
 
 N. A. North America. 
 
 N. H. New Hampshire. 
 
 S. A. South America. 
 
 N. C. North Carolina. 
 
 W. I. West Indies. 
 
 N. J. New Jersey. 
 
 E. F. East Florida. 
 
 N. Y. New York. 
 
 W. F. West Florida. 
 
 0. Ohio. 
 
 
 The Unit 
 
 ed States. 
 
 Names of States. 
 
 Seats of ^Government . 
 
 Maine 
 
 Port' land 
 
 New Hamp shire. « 
 
 Con cord 
 
 Ver mont' 
 
 Mont pel' ier 1 
 
 Mas sa chii' setts 
 
 Bos' ton 
 
 Rhode hY and 
 
 New' port & Prov i- 
 
 
 dence 
 
 Con nect' i cut 
 
 New Ha ven & Hart- 1 
 
 
 ford 
 
 New Y6rk 
 
 Al' ba ny 
 
 New Jer sey 
 
 Tren' ton 
 
 Penn syl va ni a 
 
 Hkr ris burg 
 
( 120 ) 
 
 Names of States. 
 
 Seats of Government. 
 
 O hi' o 
 
 Co IdaV bi a 
 
 In di a na 
 
 In di an op o lis 
 
 11 li nois' 
 
 Van da lia 
 
 Del' a ware 
 
 Do ver 
 
 Ma ry land 
 
 An nap o lis 
 
 Vir gin' i a 
 
 Rich' mond 
 
 Ken tuc' ky 
 
 Fr&nk' fort 
 
 Mis sou ri 
 
 Jef fer son 
 
 North Car o li na 
 
 Ra \e\^h 
 
 Ten nes see' 
 
 N&sh'Ville 
 
 South Car o li na 
 
 Co Mm' bi a 
 
 Geor gi a 
 
 Mil' ledge ville 
 
 Al a ba ma 
 
 Ca haw ba 
 
 Mis sis sip' pi 
 
 Jack' son 
 
 Lou i si a na 
 
 New Or leans 
 
 Mis sou ri 
 
 St. Lou is 
 
 Territories 
 
 of the United States. 
 
 Michigan* - 
 
 De troit' 
 
 North West 
 
 
 Mis sou ri 
 
 - 
 
 West era 
 
 
 Ar kan sas 
 
 Ar kop o lis 
 
 Flor i da 
 
 Tal la has see 
 
 District of Col urn 
 
 bia Wash ing ton 
 
 * Pronounced Mish i gan. 
 
 TABLE XXXV. 
 
 ; Changes of words, 
 
 by adding letters or syllables. 
 
 RULES FOR SPELLING THE PLURAL OF NOUNS. 
 
 Words which are used for the names of things, are 
 
 called nouns. 
 
 _^ 1 
 
( 121 ) 
 
 When the name of only one thing is spoken of, it is 
 said to be in the singular number ; when more than one 
 is spoken of, the word is of the plural number. 
 
 The singular nouns generally become plural by adding 
 a soft s at the end of them, sounded in the same sylla- 
 ble ; as, 
 
 Sing. Plural, 
 Bale bales 
 gate gates 
 hand hands 
 lark larks 
 
 Sing. 
 
 rock 
 
 mind 
 
 task 
 
 husk 
 
 Plural, Sing. Plural. 
 rocks blank blanks 
 minds shell shells 
 tasks flint flints 
 husks pink pinks 
 
 Sing. 
 Stable 
 
 Plural. 
 sta bles 
 
 Sing. Plural. 
 ru ler ru lers 
 
 mas ter 
 ser vant 
 
 mas terjs 
 ser vants 
 
 gra ter gra ters 
 but ton but tons 
 
 Some nouns will not unite with $ at the end of them 
 in the same syllable ; then the s being added, forms an 
 other syllable in the plural ; as, 
 
 Sing. Plural. 
 
 Sing. 
 
 Plural, 
 
 Sing, PluraL 
 
 Lace La ces 
 
 cage 
 
 ca ges 
 
 ounce oun ces 
 
 change chang es 
 
 case 
 
 ca ses 
 
 chance chan ces 
 
 When the singular noun, ends either in ck, sh, ss, or 
 x, it becomes plural by the addition of es which makes 
 another syllable, as 
 
 Sing. Plural. 
 
 Sing. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Sing, 
 
 Plural, 
 
 Torch torch es 
 
 loss 
 
 loss es 
 
 box 
 
 box es 
 
 brush brush es 
 
 dish 
 
 dish es 
 
 six 
 
 six es 
 
 If the singular noun ends in y, with a consonant next 
 before it, the y is omitted and ies added in place of it, to 
 make the plural ; as, 
 
 Si?ig. Plural. 
 Fly flies 
 
 Sing. Plural. Sing, Plural. 
 
 cher ry cher ries du ty du ties 
 
( 122 ) 
 
 But if a vowel is next before the y, the word is made 
 plural, by adding s only ; as, 
 
 Sing. Plural. Sing. Plural. Sing. Plural. 
 
 Day days key keys de lay de lays 
 
 Several nouns ending in o, with a consonant joined be- 
 fore it, become plural by the addition of es to the sin- 
 gular, as 
 
 Sing. Ptural. Sing. Plural. Sing. Plural. 
 
 Wo woes he ro he roes po ta to po ta toes 
 
 ech o ech oes car go car goes ne gro ne groes 
 
 man i fes to man i fes toes. 
 
 A few others ending in 0, as above, become plural by 
 adding s only, as 
 
 Sing. Plural. Sing. Plural. 
 
 Quar to quar tos oc ta vo oc ta vos 
 
 du de /; ci mo du o de ;/ ci mos 
 
 Also, when the singular ends in io, s only is used in 
 the plural, as before : 
 
 Sing. Plural. Sing. Plural. 
 
 Fol io fol ios nun cio nun cios 
 
 ol io ol ios bagn io bagn ios 
 punc til io punc til ios 
 
 Nouns which end in/ or fe, omit these letters in the 
 plural, and in place of them, have ves, as 
 
 Sing. Plural. Sing. Plural. Sing. Plural. 
 
 Beef beeves staff staves thief thieves 
 
 calf calves shelf shelves life lives 
 
 leaf leaves loaf loaves wolf . wolves 
 
 GENDER OF NOUNS. 
 
 All words signifying males, are said to be of the mas- 
 culine gender, those signifying females, are of the femi- 
 nine gender. 
 
 There are. three ways of distinguishing males from 
 females. 
 
__ ( 123) 
 
 1st. By different words ; as, 
 
 Mas. Fern. Mas. Fern. Mas. Fern. 
 
 Brother Sister Un cle Aunt Lord Lady 
 
 2d. By adding ess, ine or in, to the words signifying 
 males ; as, 
 
 Mas. Fern. Mas. Fein. 
 
 Heir heir ess tu tor tu tor ess 
 
 proph et proph et ess li on li on ess 
 
 shep fterd shep Zierd ess pa tron pa tron ess* 
 
 dea con dea eon ess bar on bar on ess 
 
 po et po et ess 
 
 * Or pat ron, pat ron ess. 
 
 A number of words, the names of males, are changed 
 to the feminine, by a slight alteration, with ess at the 
 end ; as, 
 
 Mas. Fern. Mas, Fern. 
 
 ac tor ac tress trai tor trai tress 
 
 ab bot ab bess ti ger ti gress 
 
 seam ster seam stress song ster song stress 
 
 A few nouns, of the. masculine gender, have ix or ine 
 affixed in the feminine ; as, 
 
 Mas. Fern. 
 
 Ad min is tra tor Ad min is tra trix 
 
 ex ec u tor ex ec u trix 
 
 tes ta tor tes ta trix 
 
 he ro he ro ine 
 
 By placing a describing word before a noun which 
 does not define the sex; thus, a servant, a visiter, a friend, 
 a sparrow, a pigeon, a goat, when mentioned singly, do 
 not define the sex. -The gender may then be determined 
 thus : 
 
 A man ser vant A maid ser vant 
 
 A male friend A fe male friend 
 
 A cock spar row A hen spar row 
 
 A male pi geon A fe male pi geon 
 
 A he goat A she goat 
 
( 124 ) 
 
 Comparison of describing Adjectives. 
 
 Adjectives are words used to define or describe things. 
 Adjectives that describe the properties or conditions 
 of things, do it in different degrees. These degrees are 
 called comparison, and are positive, comparative, or su- 
 perlative : Thus we say, a wise man : wise is the ad- 
 jective, that describes the man in the positive degree; a 
 wiser man ; wiser describes in the comparative degree ; 
 the wisest man ; wisest is in the superlative degree. 
 
 The positive word, is made comparative by adding er 
 to it ; the superlative is formed by est added to the posi- 
 tive, as, 
 
 Pos. Com* Sup. 
 
 Great great er great est 
 
 Pure pu rer pu rest 
 
 Green er green er green est 
 
 Might y might i er might i est 
 
 Fee ble fee bier fee blest 
 
 The comparative and superlative are frequently form- 
 ed, by prefixing the words more and most to the posi- 
 tive ; as, 
 
 Pos. Com. Sup 
 
 Plain more plain most plain 
 
 Care ful more care ful most care ful 
 
 Dutiful more du ti ful most du ti ful 
 
 PERSONS AND TENSES OF VERBS. 
 
 Verbs are words used to express action, or the doing 
 of something ; as, to speak, write, move, &c. 
 
 Persons, who perform the actions are the first, second 
 and third. The persons in the singular number are, 
 
 I, the first person ; thou, the second ; and he, or she, of 
 the third person. In the plural ; We, the first ; you, the 
 second ; and he or she, of the third person. 
 
 Tenses, are the times of action, present and past. 
 Thus for the verbs move and live, we say in the present 
 tense, singular number, 
 
 1st Per. ^d. Per. 3d. Per. 
 
 I move thou movest he moves, or she moves 
 
 I live thou liv est he lives, or she lives 
 
( 125) 
 
 In the present tense, plural number, we say, 
 
 1st. Per. 2d. Per. 3d. Per. 
 
 We move you move they move 
 
 we live you live J ne y li ye 
 
 For the past tense, in the singular, we say, 
 
 1st. Per. 2d. Per. 3d. Per. 
 
 I moved thou mov edst he moved 
 
 I lived thou liv edst he lived 
 
 In the past tense, plural, we say, 
 
 We moved you moved they moved 
 
 We lived you lived they lived 
 
 PRIMITIVE AND DERIVATIVE WORDS, 
 
 Primitive words are such as are not taken, or altered 
 from others ; as book, pen, glass. 
 
 Derivative words are formed from primitives by adding 
 letters or syllables, as bookish, pen ned, glass es. 
 
 EXAMPLES. 
 
 From blend, are the derivatives blend ed blend ing. 
 
 From commend, are com mend ed, com mend ing, 
 com mend er, com mend a ble, com mend a bly, com- 
 mend a to ry, com mend a tion. 
 
 From write, writ ing, writ ten. 
 
 From hard, comes har dy , hard en, hard en* ing, hard- 
 i ly, hard i ness, hard i hood. 
 
 COMPOUND WORDS. 
 
 These are two or more primitive words united ; as, 
 Pen and case, make pen-case % ink and stand, make 
 the compound word ink-stand. 
 
 OTHER COMPOUNDS 
 
 Can die, can die stick ; ax, ax han die ; win dow, win- 
 dow glass ; glass, glass win dow ; pa per, pa per bon net ; 
 bon net, bon net pa per ; sky, sky co lor; patch, patch 
 work. 
 
 L 2 
 
j (126) 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 DISTINCTIVE DEFINITIONS. 
 
 TABLE XXXVI. 
 
 Words of similar sound, but different in signification. 
 
 This Table is intended to include only such words as 
 
 are sounded exactly alike. 
 
 [t is designed as an exercise : 
 
 in defining, as well as in spelling- 
 
 Ail, to make unwell 
 
 bate, to make less 
 
 ale, malt beer 
 
 baize, woollen cloth 
 
 air, the atmosphere 
 
 bays, garlands 
 
 air outward appearance 
 
 ball a globe, or a dance 
 
 are, plural of is 
 
 bawl, to hollow loudly 
 
 Zieir, an inheritor 
 
 bare, naked 
 
 allegation, thing alleged, 
 
 bear, to support 
 
 alligation, tying together 
 
 bear, a shaggy quadruped 
 
 all, the whole 
 
 base, low and vile 
 
 awl, a pointed tool 
 
 bass, a part of music 
 
 ! altar, place for sacrifice 
 
 bay, a small sea 
 
 alter, to change 
 
 bey, a Turkish governor 
 
 J ant, an insect 
 
 be, to exist 
 
 awnt, a parent's sister 
 
 bee, the honey maker 
 
 arc, part of a circle 
 
 beach, a sandy shore 
 
 ark, a floating vessel 
 
 beech, a well known tree 
 
 ascent, a rising 
 
 beat, to strike often 
 
 i assent, compliance 
 
 beet, a garden root 
 
 ; asperate, to make rough 
 
 beau, a man of dress 
 
 aspirate, to pronounce with 
 
 bow, a curve 
 
 full breath 
 
 beer, a kind of drink 
 
 auger, tool to bore holes 
 
 bier, carriage for the dead 
 
 augur, a fortune teller 
 
 bell, a sounding vessel 
 
 j augftt, any thing 
 
 belle, a gay lady 
 
 ] ought, to be bound by duty 
 
 berry , a small fruit 
 
 bail, personal security 
 
 bury, to cover up 
 
 bale, a bundle of goods 
 
 better, more good 
 
 bait, alluring food 
 
 bettor, one that makes bets 
 
 # I 
 
( 127) 
 
 bin, a large open box 
 been, past time of be 
 
 blew, did blow 
 
 blue, azure color 
 boar, a swine 
 bore, to make holes 
 
 bole, an earthy substance 
 
 boll, round stem of plants 
 
 bowl, a vessel, or rolling ball 
 bolt, a kind of lock 
 boult, a seive for flour 
 
 borne, suffered 
 
 bourn, aT>oundary 
 hough, a branch 
 bow, to incline the head 
 
 borough, privileged town 
 
 burrow;, den dug by beasts 
 breach, broken place 
 breech, butt of a gun 
 
 bread, article of food 
 
 bred, did breed 
 broach, to open 
 brooch, an ornament 
 
 bruit, a spreading report 
 
 brute, a beast 
 brake, a plant 
 break, to divide by force 
 
 but, except 
 
 butt, a large cask 
 
 butt, end or aim 
 by, near 
 buy, to purchase 
 
 calendar, an almanac 
 
 calender, a rolling press 
 caster, one who casts 
 castor, a product of beavers 
 
 canvas, coarse cloth 
 
 canvass, to examine 
 
 capital, principal, chief 
 
 capital, a large hall where 
 congress meet 
 
 cession, a yielding 
 
 session, act of sitting 
 Sion, a mountain in Asia 
 cion, a twig, or sprout 
 
 call, to invoke, or name 
 
 caul, an enclosing net 
 cauf, a rack for fish 
 cough, effort of the lungs 
 
 cask, a wooden vessel 
 
 casque, a helmet 
 cannon, a large gun 
 canon, a church law 
 
 cedar, a kind of tree 
 
 ceder, one who yields 
 cede, to relinquish 
 seed, reproducing product 
 
 cellar, room under ground 
 
 seller, a vender 
 ceiling, the inner roof 
 sealing, placing the seal 
 
 cell, a small room 
 
 sell, to bargain away 
 censer, a pot for incense 
 censor, a moral guardian 
 
 c£nt, a copper coin, 
 
 scent, object of smell 
 
 sent, caused to go 
 clause, part of a chapter 
 claws, digitated feet of ani- 
 mals 
 
 cere, to coat with wax 
 
 sear, to scorch 
 
 seer, a prophet % * 
 
 choler, anger 
 collar, a neck band 
 
 cite, to summon 
 
 sight, sense of seeing 
 
 site, local situation 
 climi, to clamber up 
 clime, a region of country 
 
(128) 
 
 chord, to attune music 
 
 due, owed 
 
 strings 
 
 die, a stamp for coin 
 
 chord, span of an arch 
 
 die, to lose life 
 
 cord, a rope, or 128 feet of 
 
 dye, to color with liquids 
 
 wood 
 
 dire, dreadful 
 
 coarse, gross or rude 
 
 dyer, a colorer 
 
 cowrse, way pursued 
 
 doe, a female deer 
 
 complement, the comple- 
 
 dough, bread, or paste not 
 
 ting part 
 
 baked 
 
 compliment, token of po- 
 
 done, finished 
 
 liteness 
 
 dun, yellowish color 
 
 core, the heart or center 
 
 dun, an importunate claim 
 
 corps, a body 
 
 dram, a toper's drink 
 
 council, deliberative assem- 
 
 drachm, a coin, or weight 
 
 bly 
 
 elision, a cutting off 
 
 council, advice 
 
 elysian, very delightful 
 
 cousin, a relative 
 
 ear, organ of hearing 
 
 cozen, to deceive 
 
 ere, before 
 
 creak, to make a harsh noise 
 
 ewe, a female sheep 
 
 creek, a stream or cove 
 
 yew, a kind of tree 
 
 crewel, yarn for sewing 
 
 you, plural of thou 
 
 cruel, inhuman 
 
 ewer, a wash basin 
 
 currant, a garden berry 
 
 your, belonging to you 
 
 current, now passing 
 
 eye, organ to see with 
 
 cygnet, a young swan 
 
 I, myself 
 
 signet, a royal seal 
 
 fain, willingly 
 
 cymbal, a musical instru- 
 
 fane, a consecrated temple 
 
 ment 
 
 feign, to pretend falsely 
 
 symbol, a comprehensive 
 
 fease, to untwist and pick 
 
 type 
 
 fees, payment for benefits 
 
 color, to paint 
 
 faint, weak 
 
 culler, a chooser 
 
 feint, a deceitful act 
 
 dam, to stop water, or mo- 
 
 fair, of good appearance 
 
 ther of beasts 
 
 fair, meeting for trade 
 
 damn, to condemn 
 
 fare, persmal treatment, or 
 
 day, the light 
 
 ^>rice of passage 
 
 dey, a cheiftain in Barbar'y 
 
 feat, an exploit 
 
 dear, precious, or costly 
 
 feet, fTie tower extremities 
 
 : deer, a nimble quadruped 
 
 fete, a festival 
 
 dew, moist air falling at 
 
 fdlloe, riw 0/ a wfteeZ 
 
 evening 
 
 fellow, a companion 
 

 
 (129 ) 
 
 filter, to strain liquid 
 
 hail, drops of rain frozen 
 
 philter, a love charm 
 
 hall, a public room 
 
 flee, to run from danger 
 
 haul, to draw by force 
 
 flea, an insect 
 
 hair, fibrous growth from 
 
 flew, did fly 
 
 the skin 
 
 flue, outlet for smoke 
 
 hare, a nimble quadruped 
 
 float, to swim at random 
 
 hear, to perceive sounds 
 
 flote, a kind of indigo 
 
 here, in this place 
 
 flour, farina of wheat 
 
 hart, a male deer 
 
 flower, a blossom 
 
 heart, a vital part 
 
 fore, first in order 
 
 hew, to chop 
 
 four, twice two 
 
 hue, color 
 
 forth, abroad 
 
 heal, to cure 
 
 fourth, next to third 
 
 heel, 5acA: 0/ the foot 
 
 foul, impure 
 
 hie, to g*o iw haste 
 
 fowl, a feathered animal 
 
 high, elevated 
 
 freeze, to congeal with cold 
 
 hire, to engage for pay 
 
 frieze, a kind of cloth 
 
 higher, more lofty 
 
 gage, a pledge 
 
 height, elevation 
 
 gawge, to take dimensions 
 
 hight, named 
 
 gait, manner of walking 
 
 him, objective of he 
 
 gate, place to pass through 
 
 hynm, a song of praise 
 
 g£st, striking achievement 
 
 hoard, treasure secured 
 
 jest any thing ludicrous 
 
 horde, a wandering clan 
 
 'gild, to brighten with gold 
 
 hole, an opening through 
 
 guild, a corporation 
 
 any thing, a hollow place 
 
 gore, blood congealed 
 
 whole, all, every part to- 
 
 goar, a narrow strip 
 
 gether 
 
 goer, one who goes 
 
 holy, sacred, godly 
 
 grate, a rack 
 
 wholly, in every part 
 
 great, bulky, or eminent 
 
 hoxxt, sixty minutes 
 
 grater, a coarse rasp 
 
 our, related to us 
 
 greater, more large 
 
 lie, passage in a church 
 
 groan, voice of mourning 
 
 isle, an island 
 
 grown, enlarged or become 
 
 in, not out 
 
 guise, external appearance 
 
 inn, a public lodging place 
 
 gura, prongs to lift with 
 fcnag; a knot in wood 
 
 indict, to prosecute by grand 
 
 jury 
 
 nag, a sprightly horse 
 
 indite, to compose a writing 
 
 hale, healthy 
 
 jam, preserved fruits 
 
 hail, term of salutation 
 
 jam&, a side post 
 
■SWMHPHNHN 
 
 (130) 
 
 kill, to deprive of life 
 
 16, look 
 
 kiln, a large oven 
 
 low, abject 
 
 &nap, furry covering 
 
 loan, thing lent 
 
 nap, a short sleep 
 
 lone, solitary 
 
 knave, a mean rogue 
 
 lore, wise instruction 
 
 nave, centre of a wheel 
 
 lower, wiore Zow 
 
 &nead, to work dough 
 
 lock, a fastening 
 
 need, want 
 
 loch, a lake or canal passage 
 
 &neel, to bend the knee 
 
 made, formed 
 
 neal, to soften met ah 
 
 maid, a g*irZ 
 
 Arnew, did know 
 
 main, chief part 
 
 new, not old 
 
 mane, Aair 0/ horses' necks 
 
 knight, title 
 
 mail, armor, or a postman's 
 
 night, darkness 
 
 sack 
 
 fcnoll, a little hill 
 
 male, masculine 
 
 noil, the head 
 
 maize, Indian corn 
 
 knot, a tie, or bunch 
 
 maze, a labyrinth 
 
 not, by no means 
 
 marshal, to jpwf in order 
 
 know, to understand 
 
 martial, warlike 
 
 no, not any, or not so 
 
 manner, mode of action 
 
 lac, a tree and gum 
 
 manor, territory of a lord 
 
 lack, to be deficient 
 
 mite, a small insect 
 
 lade, to load 
 
 might, power 
 
 laid, did lay 
 
 mead, a sort of drink 
 
 lain, perfect tense of lie 
 
 meed, a recompense 
 
 lane, a narrow street 
 
 mean, vile or humble 
 
 lea, an enclosed field 
 
 mien, Z00& and manner 
 
 lee, opposite the wind 
 
 meat, /ooeZ 
 
 lead, a metal 
 
 meet, to come together 
 
 led, did lead 
 
 mete, to measure 
 
 leak, to flow through chinks 
 
 mewl, to cry as a c^iZcZ 
 
 leek, a plant 
 
 mule, a ceas/ of burden 
 
 leave, to depart from 
 
 mews, eagles or nets 
 
 lieve, willingly 
 
 muse, to meditate 
 
 lessen, £0 ma&e Zess 
 
 miner, a worker in mines 
 
 lesson, a piece of instruc- 
 
 minor, less, or one underage 
 
 tion 
 
 moan, to grieve aloud 
 
 liar, a teller of falsehoods 
 
 mown, cut down 
 
 lyre, a musical instrument 
 
 moat, a ditch for defence 
 
 limp, a branch 
 
 mote, a particle of matter 
 
 limn, to delineate 
 
 more, a greater quantity 
 
i_ ( !31 ) 
 
 mower, one who cuts with 
 
 plain, level, or clear 
 
 a sithe 
 
 plane, a carpenter's tool 
 
 meddler, a busybody 
 
 pleas, pleadings in court 
 
 medlar, a kind of fruit 
 
 please, to gratify 
 
 metal, a heavy mineral 
 
 plum, a fruit 
 
 mettle, spirit, briskness 
 
 plumb, a lead and line 
 
 nay, no 
 
 pole, a long stick 
 
 neigh, the noise of a horse 
 
 poll, the head 
 
 net, a woven snare 
 
 pray, to supplicate 
 
 nett, remaining entire 
 
 prey, to commit depredation 
 
 oar, a paddle 
 
 practice, customary use 
 
 ore, crude metal 
 
 practise, to exercise 
 
 o'er, contraction of over 
 
 pore, to search with care 
 
 one, single number 
 
 pore, a spiracle of the skin 
 
 won, did win 
 
 powr, to flow rapidly 
 
 ooze, filtering slime 
 
 principal, chief, or head 
 
 ouse, tanning liquor 
 
 principle, original cause 
 
 pail, a wooden vessel 
 
 profit, effective advantage 
 
 j pale, void of colour 
 
 prophet, a foreteller 
 
 I pale, an enclosure 
 
 panel, a square in joinery 
 
 | pain, distress 
 
 pannel, a jury roll 
 
 i pane, a square of glass 
 
 rain, drops falling from the 
 
 pair, a match of two 
 
 clouds 
 
 pare, to trim by cutting 
 
 rein, part of a bridle 
 
 pear, a fruit 
 
 relg*n, dominion 
 
 palate, organ of taste 
 
 raiser, he who raiseth 
 
 palette, a painter's board 
 
 razor, tool to shave with 
 
 pallet a little bed 
 
 rap, a quick blow 
 
 pause, a stop 
 
 wrap, to roll together 
 
 paws, digitated feet of 
 
 read, to peruse 
 
 beasts 
 
 reed, a plant or stem 
 
 peace, quietness 
 
 read, did read 
 
 piece, a distinct part 
 
 red, a color 
 
 peak, the pinnacle 
 
 reek, to emit vapour 
 
 j pique, to sting to resentment 
 
 wreak, to revenge 
 
 peal, repeated loud sounds 
 
 rest, quiet repose 
 
 peel the rind 
 
 wrest, to extort by force 
 
 peer, a nobleman 
 
 rhyme, likeness of sound 
 
 pier, a double pillar 
 
 rime, chrystalized frost 
 
 place, particular situation 
 
 rice, a kind of grain 
 
 , plaice, a species offish 
 
 rise, the act of rising 
 
 
 
( 132 ) 
 
 ring, a circle or metal hoop 
 
 ring, to sound as bells 
 
 wring, to twist with force 
 rear, to raise up 
 rare, slightly cooked 
 
 rigger, one who rigs 
 
 rigor, severity 
 right, correct 
 rite, formal act 
 write, to express by letters 
 wright, an artificer 
 
 rdad, the highway 
 
 rode, did ride 
 rout, a disorderly crowd 
 route, way or course 
 
 rough, uneven 
 
 ruff, a neckcloth 
 rote, words not understood 
 wrote, did write 
 
 rye, a sort of grain 
 
 wry, distorted 
 roe, a female deer 
 row, things ranged in line 
 
 roar, to make a loud noise 
 
 rower, one that rows with 
 oars 
 rabbet, a joint in mechanics 
 rabbit, a small quadruped 
 
 sail, a sheet to catch the 
 wind 
 
 sale, a selling 
 sea, body of water 
 see, to perceive 
 
 seal, sea calf 
 
 seal, enclosing stamp 
 
 ceil, to line the roof 
 saver, one who saves 
 savor, taste or odor 
 
 seen, beheld 
 
 scene, place of action 
 
 seine, a fishing net 
 
 senior, older 
 seignior, a lord 
 
 seam, the joining edges 
 
 seem, to appear 
 shear, to cut with shears 
 shear, to go slily away 
 shire, a county 
 
 shoar, a prop 
 
 shore, the sea coast 
 sign, a token 
 sine, a line in geometry 
 
 slay, to kill 
 
 sleigh, a sliding carriage 
 
 sley, a weaver's reed 
 sleight, dexterity 
 slight, to neglect 
 
 sloe, a small black fruit 
 
 slow, not swift 
 soar, to rise high 
 sore, an ulcer 
 sower, one who sows 
 
 so, thus 
 
 sow, to scatter seed 
 
 sow, or sew, to stitch with 
 a needle 
 some, a portion 
 sum, a total amount 
 
 sole, alone 
 
 sole, bottom of the foot 
 
 soul, immortal spirit 
 stake, a fixed post, ox pledge 
 steak, a slice of meat 
 
 son, a male child 
 
 sun, the orb of day 
 stair, a rising step 
 stare, an earnest look 
 
 stile, steps over a fence 
 
 style, a steel pen; dial pin; 
 title, ox peculiar manner . 
 steal, to take or effect slily 
 steel, hardened iron < 
 
( 133 ) 
 
 straight, direct 
 strait, a narrow pass 
 
 sucker, a sprout 
 
 succor, to aid 
 tacks, turnings, or small 
 
 tax, a tribute 
 tail, the rear end 
 tale, a story 
 
 throe, extreme pain 
 
 throw, to fling away 
 tare, a noxious weed 
 tare, allowance in weight 
 tear, to rend 
 
 tear, drop from the eye 
 
 tier, a long row 
 teal, a water fowl 
 teil, the linden tree 
 
 team, beasts harnessed to 
 draw 
 
 teem, to bring forth 
 tide, ebb and flow of the sea 
 tied, fastened by tying 
 
 tole, to allure by degrees 
 
 toll, passage tax 
 
 toll, to ring a bell 
 ton, twenty hundred 
 tun, a large cask 
 
 threw, did throw 
 
 through , entirely penetrated 
 thyme, a medical herb 
 time, measure of duration 
 
 toe, finger of the foot 
 
 tow, to draw along 
 there, in that place 
 their, relating to them 
 
 to, as far as 
 
 too, also 
 
 two, twice one 
 vail, a covering 
 vale, a t?a/Zey 
 
 vain, empty or futile 
 
 vane, a weathercock 
 
 vein, a 6/oocZ resseZ 
 vial, a small bottle 
 viol, a musical instrument 
 
 verge, the brink 
 
 virge, a rod of authority 
 wail, to lament aloud 
 wale, a ridgy stripe 
 
 waist, apart of the body 
 
 waste, decay or needless 
 expense 
 wait, to stay 
 -weight, heaviness 
 
 ware, manufactures for sale 
 
 wear, to consume with use 
 
 were, plural of was 
 waive, to relinquish 
 wave, a swell in water 
 
 weak, feeble 
 
 week, seven days 
 wean, to detach from habit 
 ween, to imagine 
 
 way, course pursued 
 
 weig-ft, to balance 
 weather, state of the air 
 wether, a sheep 
 
 wood, timber 
 
 wouZd, past time of will 
 ye, yourselves 
 yea, yes 
 
 IF 
 
( 134) 
 
 TABLE XXXVII. 
 
 List of words which should be distinguished ; but which 
 by ignorant or careless persons, are often confounded in 
 spelling, sound, or meaning. 
 
 Allusion, referring hint 
 
 illusion, deceptive appear- 
 ance 
 
 elusion, an artful escape 
 affect, to act upon 
 effect, the result produced 
 
 accede, to come to 
 
 exceed, to go beyond 
 accessary, a partaker in 
 
 crime 
 accessory, giving aid 
 
 accept, to receive 
 
 except, to leave out 
 acre,* 160 square rods 
 achor,a distemper of the skin 
 
 acts, performances 
 
 ax, a tool to chop with 
 
 ask, to inquire 
 access, way of approach 
 excess, more than enough 
 
 allay, to appease 
 
 alley, a narrow walk 
 alloy, mixture of base metal 
 ally', to bind in policy or 
 friendship 
 
 antic, wildly frolic ksome 
 
 antique, old fashioned 
 assay, a test in law or art 
 essay, incomplete trial 
 
 aZms, gift or charity 
 
 arms, limbs, weapons 
 affusion, pouring upon 
 effusion, pouring out 
 * a her 
 
 allowed, admitted 
 aloud, with much noise 
 arrant, very bad 
 errant, wandering 
 errand, a message 
 attendance, personal atten- 
 tion 
 attendants, persons in wait- 
 ing 
 adherence, steady attach- 
 ment 
 adherents, followers or re- 
 tainers 
 addition, arithmetical in- 
 crease 
 edition, a giving out 
 awful, fearfully solemn 
 offal, refuse parts of butch- 
 ered beasts 
 assurance, secure confidence 
 endurance, guaranty from 
 risk 
 ballad, a popular song I 
 ballet, a dance, 
 ballot, a voting ticket 
 bacon, pork smoked 
 beacon, landmark for sailors 
 baron, a feudal lord 
 barren, unproductive 
 bawdy, obscene 
 body, corporeal form 
 bile a sore 
 
 boil, to agitate by heat 
 boor, an ignorant clown 
 
( 135 ) 
 
 bore, to make holes 
 
 close, to shut up 
 
 born, come into life 
 
 clothes, garments 
 
 borne, supported 
 
 colonel, military officer 
 
 bran, husks of ground corn 
 
 kernel, a gland or seed 
 
 brand, a burning stick, or 
 
 coming, approaching 
 
 mark made by burning 
 
 cummin, a medical plant 
 
 bridal, relating to marriage 
 
 concert, unity in action, 
 
 bridle, headstall and reins 
 
 symphony 
 
 bust^ a sculptured head 
 
 consort, a spouse or com- 
 
 burst, rent asunder 
 
 panion 
 
 butteris, tool to pare horses 1 
 
 confident, firmly positive 
 
 feet 
 
 confidant, aperson entrusted 
 
 buttress, a supporting wall 
 
 complacent, easily pleased 
 
 catch, to seize hold of 
 
 complaisant, desirous to 
 
 ketch, a clumsy ship 
 
 please 
 
 celery, a kind of salad 
 
 confirmation, establishing of 
 
 salary, stated hire 
 
 a thing 
 
 calc, carbonate of lime 
 
 conformation, sameness in 
 
 ca/k, to stop seams 
 
 appearance 
 
 cork, a light spongy bark 
 
 creek, an inlet or stream of 
 
 captor, one who takes 
 
 water 
 
 capture, a conquest 
 
 crick, a pain in the neck 
 
 caldron, a large kettle 
 
 desert, a solitary place 
 
 chaldron, thirty six bushels 
 
 desert, last course at meals 
 
 carat, a weight of four 
 
 descent, downward course 
 
 grains 
 
 dissent, opposite opinion 
 
 caret, mark for something 
 
 decease, departure from life 
 
 wanting 
 
 disease, want of health 
 
 carrot, a garden root 
 
 depositary, person holding 
 
 centaury, an herb 
 
 trust 
 
 century, one hundred years 
 
 depository, place of deposit 
 
 sentry, an armed watchman 
 
 do, to act 
 
 cents, copper coins 
 
 due, debt owed 
 
 sense, mental perception 
 
 dost, second person of do 
 
 census, statistic estimate 
 
 dust, fine dirt 
 
 senses, perceptive faculties 
 
 dollar, a coin 
 
 choral, relating to a choir 
 
 dolor, pain 
 
 coral, a sea mineral 
 
 eleven, ten and one 
 
 J chronical, long continued 
 
 . \even, ferment to raise bread 
 
 J chronicle, a historical rec- 
 
 elicit, to force out 
 
 ord 
 
 illicit, unlawful 
 
( 136) 
 
 earn, to work for 
 
 urn, a narrow necked vessel 
 
 eminent, distinguished 
 
 imminent, threatening 
 emerge, to rise out 
 immerge, to sink in 
 
 either, one or the other 
 
 ether, pure air of the sky 
 exaltation, raising high 
 exultation, a great rejoicing 
 
 father, male parent 
 
 farther, more advanced 
 fat, animal grease 
 vat, a container for liquids 
 
 feel, to perceive by touch 
 
 fill, to make full 
 file, a string or a steel tool 
 foil, a partial advantage 
 
 fir, a tree 
 
 fir, very fine hair 
 fetor, an offensive smell 
 feature, lineament or trait 
 
 first, foremost 
 
 fust, a maiddy §md! 
 fallow, lying neglected 
 follow, to go after 
 
 fleet, rapidly passing 
 
 fleet, a collection of ships 
 
 flit, to fly lightly 
 f6ol, an ideot, a dunce 
 full, filled up 
 
 gap, a deficient place 
 
 gape, to yawn 
 gamble, to play at games Jor 
 
 money 
 gambol, to skip in frolic 
 
 gesture, an expressive ac- 
 tion 
 
 jester, a buffoon 
 grope, to feel the way 
 group, to crowd together 
 
 genius, aptitude of mind 
 genus, a general class 
 
 groat, four pence 
 
 grot, a habitable cavern 
 hallow, to consecrate 
 hollow, an empty place 
 
 hards, broken refuse of flax 
 or hemp 
 
 herds, companies of cattle 
 halberd, a battle ax fixed on 
 
 a pole 
 halibut, a kind offish 
 
 harsh, rough or austere 
 
 hash, to chop fine 
 hoop, a circular band 
 whoop, to yell loudly 
 
 home, place of residence 
 
 hum, a buzzing noise 
 huzza, a shout of joy 
 hussar, a cavalry soldier 
 
 hyperbola, an eliptic curve 
 
 hyperbole, an extravagant 
 saying 
 idle, doing nothing 
 idol, an image to worship 
 idyl, a short poem 
 
 impostor, a deceiver 
 
 imposture, fraud 
 ingenious, inventive and 
 
 skillful 
 ingenuous, fran k and honest 
 
 incite, to urge on 
 
 insight, deep view 
 intense, ardently attentive 
 intents, purposes 
 
 foiottiness, fulness of knots 
 
 naug/itiness, badness of dis- 
 position 
 lair, a beast 3 s sleeping place 
 layer, a stratum, bed, or cut- 
 ting from a twig 
 
( 137 ) 
 
 least, smallest 
 lest, for fear that 
 lampass, lump in horses' 
 
 mouths 
 lampreys, a kind of eels 
 lineament, feature of the 
 
 face 
 liniment, ointment 
 legislator, a law maker 
 legislature, assembly that 
 makes laws 
 line, a mark or string 
 loin, the back next to the 
 
 levee, the throng who visit a 
 
 person in power 
 levy, to raise men or money 
 for the public 
 
 16ose, free from restraint 
 
 lose, to suffer loss 
 loam, clay and sand 
 loom, a weaving frame 
 
 lickerish, dainty 
 
 licorice, a sweet root 
 mare, the female horse 
 mayor, a city magistrate 
 
 morse, the sea horse 
 
 moss, a creeping plant 
 moor, a fen ; or to fasten 
 more, greater quantity 
 
 medal, a curious stamped 
 coin 
 
 meddle, to interpose offi- 
 ciously 
 message, an errand 
 messuage, a family dwelling 
 
 marsh, a grassy fen 
 
 mash, to press together 
 mild, gentle 
 mile, 1760 yards 
 
 modal, relating to fashion 
 
 M 3 
 
 model, a standard repre- 
 sentation 
 muggy, (air) warm, damp, 
 
 close 
 murky, dark, cloudy, gloomy 
 
 news, recent tidings 
 
 noose, a slip knot 
 nap, a short sleep 
 nape, back of the neck 
 
 ordinance, legal decree 
 
 ordnance, artillery 
 oracle, supernatural declara- 
 tion 
 auricle, the external ear 
 
 parson, a parish priest 
 
 person, a human being 
 partition, a dividing wall 
 petition, a humble request 
 
 pastor, a shepherd 
 
 pasture, land where cattle 
 feed 
 patience, calmness in suffer- 
 ing 
 patients, diseased persons 
 
 peat, turf to burn 
 
 pit, an excavation, an abyss 
 pillar, a supporting column 
 pillow, a cushion for the 
 head 
 
 purse, a bag for money 
 
 pus, festered matter 
 pearl, a delicate shell or 
 
 gem 
 purl, to flow with gentle mur- 
 mur 
 
 pint, half a quart 
 
 point, the sharp end 
 precede, to go before 
 proceed, to advance 
 
 pistol, a little gun 
 
 pistole, a gold coin 
 
( 138) 
 
 phlegm, watery humour of 
 
 statue, a solid image 
 
 the body, or matter rais- 
 
 statute, a specific law 
 
 ed in coughing 
 
 stone, hardened earth 
 
 phleme, instrument to bleed 
 
 stun, to make dizzy or 
 
 cattle 
 
 senseless 
 
 rack, a barred grate 
 
 sigh, to breathe audibly in 
 
 wreck, a dashing to pieces 
 
 sadness 
 
 ream, twenty quires of paper 
 
 sithe, a tool to mow with 
 
 rim, a circling border 
 
 subtile, thin, fine, delicate 
 
 radish, a pungent root 
 
 subtle, artful, sly, crafty 
 
 reddish, somewhat red 
 
 surplice, a priesV s robe 
 
 reasons, arguments 
 
 surplus, the excess 
 
 raisins, dried grapes 
 
 suitor, a follower, a suppliant 
 
 relic, a valued remain 
 
 suture, seam of bones or 
 
 relict, a widow 
 
 wounds 
 
 rare, scarce or choice 
 
 sects, people of different be- 
 
 rear, to erect 
 
 lief 
 
 xhe\xm, an acrid humor 
 
 sex, distinction of male and 
 
 room, extent of space 
 
 female 
 
 Rome a city of Italy 
 
 sord, surface of the ground 
 
 rood, forty perches 
 
 st^ord, a weapon of war 
 
 rude, rough, boisterous 
 
 satire, keen censure 
 
 roof, covering of an edi- 
 
 satyr, a sylvan god 
 
 fice 
 
 scall, morbid baldness 
 
 rough, uneven 
 
 scald, to burn with hot liquor 
 
 sat, did sit 
 
 tile, earthen cover for roofs 
 
 sot, a drunkard 
 
 toil, labour or fatigue 
 
 scrawl, to write unskilfully 
 
 terse, neatly written 
 
 scroll, a written roll or rec- 
 
 tierce, a cask 
 
 ord 
 
 tour, a rambling journey 
 
 sense, perceptive faculty 
 
 tower, a high castle 
 
 since, from that time 
 
 tenon, a joint in carpentry 
 
 serge, a kind of cloth 
 
 tenant, holder from another 
 
 surge, a billow 
 
 tenor, continued manner 
 
 slake, to quench or extin- 
 
 tenure, condition of holding 
 
 guish 
 
 terrene, earthly 
 
 slack, loose, remiss, reluc- 
 
 tureen, a covered dish 
 
 tant 
 
 talents, faculties 
 
 staZk, to stride solemnly 
 
 talons, birds 1 claws 
 
 stock, stem, trunk, fund, or 
 
 valley, hollow between hills 
 
 progeny 
 
 ■'. . 
 
 value, price or worth 
 
( 139) 
 
 vile, mean, low 
 
 wile, an artful stratagem 
 
 while, during that time 
 vault, a continued arch 
 volt, a circular tread or leap 
 
 veal, flesh of a calf 
 
 weal, prosperity, welfare 
 vine, a creeping plant 
 wine, juice of grapes 
 
 undo, to ruin or annul 
 
 undue, not just 
 wale, to ridge with stripes 
 whale, the largest sea ani- 
 mal 
 
 wen, a fleshy swelling 
 
 when, at what time 
 whether, which one 
 whither, to what place 
 
 wilds, desert places 
 
 wiles, deceitful tricks 
 vflth, by means of 
 withe, a twig hand 
 
 wrea^e, to entwine with gar- 
 lands 
 
 writhe, to struggle with pain 
 yarn, thread for weaving 
 yearn, to feel great uneasi- 
 ness 
 
 TABLE XXXVI II. 
 
 Words of the same spelling, but of different sound and 
 meaning, according to their application. 
 
 This variation in words is one of the greatest defects 
 in a language. It should be confined within as narrow 
 limits as possible ; but the double expressions exhibited 
 in the following list, have become so far sanctioned by 
 custom, as to render it necessary that they should be well 
 understood by good scholars 
 
 n. stands for noun, a. adjective, v. verb 
 desert, a wilderness 
 
 Au'gust, n. the eighth month 
 
 august, a. dignified 
 axes, plural of ax 
 axes, plural of axis 
 
 bass, apart in music 
 
 bass, a kind offish 
 bow, n. an arc or curve 
 bow, v. to decline the head 
 
 buffet, n. a kind of cupboard 
 
 buffet, v. to struggle against 
 con 'jure, to practise magic 
 conjure, to entreat earnestly 
 
 desert, merit 
 
 dove, a bird, 
 
 dove, did dive 
 form, a bench 
 form, the shape 
 
 gallant, a. brave, high mind- 
 ed 
 
 gallant, n. a lady's attend- 
 ant 
 gill, part of a fish 
 gill, fourth of a pint 
 
( 140 ) 
 
 hinder, z.back or rem 
 hinder, v. to retard or delay 
 
 invalid, n. a disabled person 
 
 invalid, a. of no avail 
 lead y n. a metal 
 lead, v. to conduct 
 
 live, v. to survive 
 
 live, a. having life 
 longer, one who longs 
 lon'ger, a. more long 
 
 18 w, a. humble 
 
 low, v. to bellow as a cow 
 lower, a. more low 
 lower, v. to look threatening 
 
 minute, n. sixty seconds 
 
 minute, a. very exact 
 mow, v. to cut down 
 mow, n. place to stow hay 
 
 notable, a. careful, stirring 
 
 notable, a. worthy of note 
 put, v. to lay in place 
 put, n. a clown or game 
 
 read, v. to peruse 
 
 read, v. did read 
 resign, v. to yield tip 
 resign, v. to sign again 
 
 sing'er, n. one who sings 
 
 singer, n. one who singes 
 singing, a. making melody 
 sin'ging, a. scorching 
 swinging, a. vibrating 
 swinging, a. hugely great 
 staves, n. plural of staff 
 staves, n. coopers 3 splits 
 sow, v. to scatter seed 
 s8w, n. a female hog 
 slough, n. a mire hole 
 slough, (sluff,) n. skin, or 
 outer coat cast off 
 tarry, a. besmeared with tar 
 tarry, v. to stay 
 tear, n. drop from the eye 
 tear, v. to pull to pieces 
 tier, n. long row 
 ti'er, n. one who ties; a 
 binder; iron band round 
 a wheel 
 wind, v. to encircle or con- 
 volve 
 wind, n. motion of the air 
 wo'nt,v. contraction of will 
 
 not 
 wont, a. accustomed, or in- 
 clined 
 
 PAUSES AND OTHER CHARACTERS USED 
 IN WRITING. 
 
 Besides the twenty-six letters used in writing, the fol- 
 lowing characters are employed, to mark the pauses in 
 reading, and for other purposes. 
 
 , The Comma marks the shortest pause used in writing, 
 and shows that the reader should stop at it long enough 
 to say one. 
 
 ; The Semi-colon is a stop of two syllables, or long 
 enough to count one, two. 
 
( 141 ) 
 
 : At a Colon the reader should stop long enough to 
 count four. 
 
 . The full stop at the end of a sentence, is called a pe- 
 riod. At this the reader should pause long enough to 
 count six. 
 
 ? The interrogation point denotes a question, and gene- 
 rally requires a pause as long as at a colon, as, " who is 
 my neighbour ?" 
 
 ! Admiration point is a mark of sudden passion, sur- 
 prise, or admiration, as 0, Virtue ! how amiable art thou t 
 
 - A Hyphen separates syllables which either belong to 
 the same word, or stand in close relation to each other, as 
 brother-in-law, to mis-spell. 
 
 ( ) A Parenthesis includes an unconnected member of a 
 sentence which serves some purpose of explanation, as, 
 " All his faults (and he had many) were of the most pro- 
 fligate description.' ' 
 
 a The Caret shows where one or more words are omit- 
 
 pen 
 ted by mistake, as, " I now take my in hand to let you 
 know I am well." 
 
 $g^ The Index calls the special attention of the reader 
 to some particular passage, as, $|p " A great chance to 
 make a fortune!" $^» "None are genuine without the 
 maker's signature." $§* " Great bargains at No. 77, 
 Speculation-street. ' ' 
 
 " " The mark of quotation begins and ends a passage 
 taken from some author in his own words. To copy from 
 an author, without giving particular credit, and using 
 this mark, constitutes the crime of Book Stealing, which 
 is a very mean and profligate species of felony. 
 
 # t t IT Asterisks, daggers, and other characters, and 
 sometimes letters or figures, refer to some explanation in 
 the margin, at the bottom of the page, or at the end of 
 the book. 
 
(142) 
 TABLES, &c. 
 
 O 
 
 J3 </> 
 
 ° g 
 
 CO ^3 
 
 s Ed 
 
 s a 
 
 8 7 
 
 T3 ' 
 
 1 
 
 > co 
 
 J 
 
 ) rC5 
 
 
 
 6 5 4 3 2 1. 987 millions, 654 thousand 321 
 
 MULTIPLICATION TABLE. 
 
 2 ones 
 
 3 ones 
 
 4 ones 
 
 5 ones 
 
 6 ones 
 
 7 ones 
 
 are 2 
 
 are 3 
 
 are 4 
 
 are 5 
 
 are 6 
 
 are 7 
 
 2 4 
 
 2 6 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 2 14 
 
 3 6 
 
 3 9 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 3 21 
 
 4 8 
 
 4 12 
 
 4 
 
 16 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 4 28 
 
 5 10 
 
 5 A5 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 5 35 
 
 6 12 
 
 6 18 
 
 6 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 36 
 
 6 42 
 
 7 14 
 
 7 21 
 
 7 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 
 35 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 7 49 
 
 8 16 
 
 8 24 
 
 8 
 
 32 
 
 8 
 
 40 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 8 56 
 
 9 18 
 
 9 27 
 
 9 
 
 36 
 
 9 
 
 45 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 9 63 
 
 10 20 
 
 10 30 
 
 10 
 
 40 
 
 10 
 
 50 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 10 70 
 
 11 22 
 
 11 33 
 
 11 
 
 44 
 
 11 
 
 55 
 
 11 
 
 66 
 
 11 77 
 
 12 24 
 
 12 36 
 
 12 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 60 
 
 12 
 
 72 
 
 12 84 
 
 8 ones 
 
 ■9 ones 
 
 10 
 
 ones 
 
 11 
 
 ones 
 
 12 
 
 ones 
 
 are 8 
 
 are 9 
 
 are 10 
 
 are 11 
 
 are 12 
 
 2 16 
 
 2 18 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 3 24 
 
 3 27 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 33 
 
 3 
 
 36 
 
 4 32 
 
 4 36 
 
 4 
 
 40 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 4 
 
 48 
 
 5 40 
 
 5 45 
 
 5 
 
 50 
 
 5 
 
 55 
 
 5 
 
 60 
 
 6 48 
 
 6 54 
 
 6 
 
 60 
 
 6 
 
 66 
 
 6 
 
 72 
 
 7 56 
 
 7 63 
 
 7 
 
 70 
 
 7 
 
 77 
 
 7 
 
 84 
 
 ■8 64 
 
 ^8 72 
 
 8 
 
 80 
 
 8 
 
 88 
 
 8 
 
 96 
 
 9 72 
 
 9 81 
 
 9 
 
 90 
 
 9 
 
 99 
 
 9 
 
 108 
 
 10 80 
 
 10 90 
 
 10 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 110 
 
 10 
 
 120 
 
 11 88 
 
 11 99 
 
 11 
 
 110 
 
 11 
 
 121 
 
 11 
 
 132 
 
 12 96 
 
 12 108 
 
 12 
 
 120 
 
 12 
 
 132 
 
 12 
 
 144 
 
( 143 ) 
 
 MONEY OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Standard Weight. 
 dwt. gr. 
 
 10 Mills, (m.) make J. Gent, c. - 7 Copper, 
 10 Cents - 1 Dime, d. - 1 16& Silver. 
 
 10 Dimes, or 100 cents, 1 Dollar, D. $ 17 1| ditto. 
 10 Dollars, - - 1 Eagle, E. - 11 4f Gold. 
 
 Note, Dollars multiplied by 100 produce Cents 
 Cents divided by 100 produce Dollars 
 
 The standard for gold and silver is eleven parts fine, 
 and one part alloy. 
 
 ENGLISH MONEY. 
 
 The denominations are 
 
 4 farthings, (mark, qr.) make 1 penny, mark, d. 
 12 Pence - - - 1 shilling, - s. 
 20 shillings - - - 1 pound, - £. 
 
 i is 1 farthing. -J is & farthings. f is 3 farthings. 
 To reduce pence to cents, add ±. To reduce cents to 
 pence, subtract %. 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
 
 Avoirdupois Weight. 
 
 Things are weighed by this weight which are coarse 
 
 and drossy, and all metals except silver and gold. 
 
 TTie denominations are, 
 
 16 drams, ( dr.) make 1 ounce, oz. 
 
 16 ounces - - 1 pound, lb. 
 
 28 pounds - - 1 quarter, qr. 
 
 4 quarters, or 1121b. 1 C. weight, cmt. 
 20 C. weight - 1 Ton, T. 
 
 Apothecaries^ Weight. 
 Apothecaries mix their medicines by this weight ; but 
 they bay and sell by Avoirdupois weight. 
 The denominations are, 
 20 grains, (gr.) make 1 scruple, 9 
 
 3 scruples 1 dram, ^ 
 
 8 drams - 1 ounce, x 
 
 12 ounces - - 1 pound, lb. 
 
Troy Weight. 
 Gold, silver, jewels, and liquors are 
 weighed by this weight. 
 
 The denominations are, 
 24 grains, gr. make 1 pennyweight, dwt. 
 20 pennyweights ] ounce, oz. 
 
 12 ounces - 1 pound, lb. 
 
 ft- 
 yd. 
 
 Long Measure 
 Is used for length and distance. 
 The denominations are, 
 3 barley-corns, be. make 1 inch, 
 12 inches 1 foot, 
 
 3 feet 1 yard, 
 
 5£ yards - - 1 rod or pole",/). 
 
 40 poles, or 220 yards, 1 furlong, fur. 
 English or American miles 5,280 feet. 
 French - - - 5,328 
 
 Italian - 5,566 
 
 German - - - 26,400 
 
 Dutch, Spanish, and Polish 21,120 
 Scotch - 7,920 
 
 Indian mile about three American. 
 
 Land or Square Measure. 
 By this measure we determine the 
 quantity of Jand, and measure boards. 
 
 The denominations are, 
 
 144 square in. make 1 square foot, ft. 
 
 9 square feet 1 square yard, yd. 
 
 30y square yards 1 square perch, p. 
 
 40 square perches 1 rood, R. 
 
 4 roods 1 acre, A. 
 
 Note. The surveyor's chain consists 
 
 of 100 links, or 66 feet : and 25 links are 
 
 equal to 1 rod : 10 chains to 1 acre, and 
 
 80 chains to a mile. 
 
 Cloth Measure. 
 2~ inches, in. make 1 nail, na. 
 
 4 nails, - - 1 quarter of a yd. qr. 
 
 4 quarters - - 1 yard, yd. 
 
 Solid or Cubic Measure. 
 Used for such things as have length, 
 breadth, and depth. 
 
 The denominations are, 
 
 1728 solid inches make 1 cubic foot,cu.ft. 
 
 27 feet - - lyard, yd. 
 
 40 feet of round, or 50 feet of square 
 
 timber, 1 ton, T. 
 Note. A cord of fire wood is 8 feet 
 long, 4 feet broad, and 4 feet high, and 
 contains 128 solid feet. 
 
 Liquid Measure 
 Is used for beer, cider, and spirits. 
 
 The denominations are, 
 4 gills, gl. make i pint, pt. 
 
 2 pints - - 1 quart, qt. 
 
 4 quarts - 1 gallon, gal. 
 
 63 gallons - 1 hogshead, hhd. 
 
 2 hogsheads 1 pipeorbut,p. oxbu. 
 
 2 pipes or 4 hogsheads 1 ton T. 
 
 Dry Measure 
 
 Is used for grain, fruit, salt, &c. 
 
 2 pints, pt. make 1 quart, qt. 
 
 8 quarts 1 peck, pk. 
 
 4 pecks 1 bushel, bu. 
 
 Circle Measure or Motion. 
 This is used by navigators, astrono- 
 mers, &c. 
 
 The denominations are, . 
 60 seconds (") make 1 minute . ' 
 
 60 minutes - 1 degree ° 
 
 30 degrees - 1 sign sig. 
 
 12 signs, or 360 degrees, 1 revolution or 
 circle. 
 
 Time. 
 
 Thjz denominations are, 
 
 60 seconds make 
 
 1 minute, min. 
 
 60 minutes - 
 
 1 hour, hr. 
 
 24 hours 
 
 1 day, d. 
 
 7 days - ~J, - 
 
 1 week, w. 
 
 4 weeks - 
 
 1 lunar month l.m. 
 
 12 months, or 365 days and 6 hours, 1 
 year, Y. 
 A common year is 365 days : and every 
 fourth called leap year, is 366 days. 
 
 The fourth, eleventh, ninth, and sixth, 
 Have thirty days to each afrix'd, 
 And every other thirty-one, 
 Except the second month alone, 
 Which has but twenty-eight, in fine, 
 Till leap year gives it twenty-nine. 
 
 Paper. 
 
 24 sheets make 1 quire 
 
 20 quires 1 ream 
 
 2 reams 1 bundle 
 
 5 bundles, or 10 reams 1 bale 
 
 The two outside quires of a ream of 
 paper, contain only twenty sheets each 
 and these are broken or defective, and 
 termed cassie. — The sizes of paper are 
 designated by Pot, Foolscap, Super-Roy- 
 al, Imperial, Elephant, Atlas, and Anti- 
 quarian. 
 
 Books. 
 These may be designated by the terms 
 Folio, when the sheet makes 2 leaves 
 Quarto - - - ■; 4 
 Octavo - - - - 8 
 Duodecimo - - -.12 
 
 THE END. 
 
 119 
 
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 Treatment Date: Oct. 2006 
 
 PreservationTechnologies 
 
 A WORLD LEADER IN PAPER PRESERVATION 
 
 1 1 1 Thomson Park Drive 
 Cranberry Township, PA 16066 
 (724)779-2111- 
 
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 • ry V^ *« . * Cranberry Township, ha lbuoo 
 
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