n .ii'':''\' \ I i o3S WASMIMGTOIM HE magnificent Capital of the United States of America occupies a well-selected location on the banks of the Potomac, one hundred and six miles from where the mouth of this historic river meets the waters of Chesapeake Bay. It is perhaps the only city in the world which was definitely planned and laid out on a large scale when its population numbered only a few hundred. After listening to the rival claims of the ambitious young cities of the Republic, Congress established the seat of the Federal Government in the District of Columbia by an act approved by President George Washington, July 10, 1790. The new city suffered by fire at the hands of the British in 1814, and although the disproportionate relation of the actual city to the ambitious plans caused Washington to be termed " The City of Magnificent Distances," for many years, it grew by leaps and bounds after the close of the great Civil War, and now stands peerless among the beautiful capitals of the nations of the earth. Here are located all the huge administrative buildings of the government, and the fact that the city is the center of political activity in the United States has brought about the existence of unsurpassed hotels, luxu- rious clubs, splendid cafes and palatial private residences. Washington long ago ceased to be the subject for sarcasm and achieved fame as the object of the unre- served admiration of the world. It is a treasure house of the finest architecture, beautiful specimens of sculpture, rare paintings, and of all that is and should be permanently safe guarded and worthy of preser- vation as the highest type of present day American art endeavor, and remains also the objective point for the master minds of the Republic selected from every section of the country by the votes of a free people. Washington — most appropriately named — shall exist forever as an enduring monument to the sagacity and foresight of the " Father of His Country " — the pride of every American citizen. THE CAPITOL The National Capitol occupies a commanding position on Capitol Hill about one and one-third miles from the White House. The great structure covers nearly four acres and ranks among the supreme architectural triumphs of the world. Priceless statuary and paintings adorn the l)uilding. The splendid landscape gardeningjof the spacioiis Capitol grouuds much improves the grace and beauty of the whole pile. Sri'REME COURT R(H »M— rAl'ITOL liriLIUNG III tliis semi -circular hall sits the great court of final appeal for the United States of America. The Chief Justice and tlie eight associate Justices are seated on the Bench in front of the screen of Ionic columns, and listen to the pleas of the best lei;al talent of the country from the open space in front. The seats outside the railing are given over to the public. HALL OF REPRESENTATIVES— CAl'ITOL BUILDING In this unrivalled legislative chamber the representatives of the people conduct their deliberations. The speaker's desk is of pure white marble and the seats of the members are arranged in concentric semi-circles. Opening off the hall in the rear of the speaker's desk is the famous " Lobby." Beautiful marble stairways lead to the galleries which are open to the public. SENATE CHAMBER— CAPITOL BUILDING The Senators representing the great cnmmoiiwealths of the republic meet in this roomy hall, located in the north winguf the Capitol. Thedais ot the President of the Senate's desk is the point about which all the concentric rows of the members' seats radiate. The walls are richly adorned with regal decorations enhanced by the mellow light which strikes through the allegorical glass ceiling. The smaller rooms connected with the Senate Chamber contain many art treasures. ' igi^lllli!. iUI!!!! t:!!!, THE WHITE HOUSE The coruorstuiie ul" this stately buiUUng was laid in 179'2 liy iieor^t; Washington. The ediliee was burned by tlie British in 1S14 and the white coat of paint applied to obliterate the signs of fire was responsible for the popular name of this Executive Mansion. In 1902-03 the building was remodeled to suit the growing needs of the nation's chief. EAST ROOM— WHITE HOUSE The grand conidor is reached by a stairway from which access may be had to the famous East Room. This splendid apartment is finished in white and gokl, and three striking crystal chandeliers depend from the beautiful ceiling. This room is used for all pulilic receptions and is open to visitors from 10 a. m. to 13 p. m. except on holidays and Sundays. EXECUTIVE OFFICE BUILDING The White House was found to lie inadequate to serve both as the office and residence of the President as well as for the executive sessions of the Nation's Chief and his various secretaries; consequently anew building was erected for the executive office where persons having business with the President are received from 12 to 1 o'clock on all days except holidays and Sundays. It is located on the west side of the White House and connected by a broad esplanade with the older building. TH?: PRESIDENT'S OFFICE THE CABINET ROOM In the new Executive ortice building is located the business ottice of the President and his secretaries and assistants, also the office room employed for the delib- erations of the Cabinet. These office rooms are very plainly furnished, and only national business matters are transacted here. They are destined to acquire more historical interest as years go by and these rooms become noted as the place where grave national policies have been decided. The projectors c.l Wasliingtcm assumed that the city woiu^ ^,^„ w,.„m l,.c cii»o, uui ai, A beautiful view ,i( the city is afforded from tlie western terrace of the Capitol the impressive front of the Treasury Building in the middle distance. Capitol across the vista reaching t OENKRAL VIEW OF WASHINGTON IdKrowtowardthe east, hut as a matter of fact, the development has been mainly westward of the Thesmnotli asphalterl surface of broad Pennsylvania Avenue gleams KAST FKUM WASHlNCrTON MONUMENT In this vipw is included tlu' Iieiiutifiil landscape "f the Mall and tlie Public and llotaniral Gardens. The Smithsonian Institution and the National Museum are shown in the ft)reground, n^ a striking center. The hills of Virginia on the opposite side of the Potomac may he seen reachinj^ to the distant horizon, while the Potomac for miles above and below the city is clearly distinguishable. THE NEW WASHINGTON TERMINAL This the finest railway station in the world, aflfords a most fitting and digniHe.l entrance to the great Capital of the Republic. It is built to accord with a great plan for beaut.fymg and developing the cty, and the terminal improvements and station will toUl in cost to over $18,(K«,000. Its architectural treatment has been drawn from the famous triumphal arches of ancient Rome. The passenger concourse will be 7UU feet long by 130 feet wide. east pavilion. The State entrance is in the PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE Magnificent hutels and stores and many of the great office buildings of the government are located on this splendid approach to the Capitol. The pointed tower on the right rises from the General Post Office Building, and at the left looms the famous front of the the new Willard Hotel. The stately dome of the Capitol is a fitting perspective in this splendid thoroughfare. STATE. WAR AND NAVY BUILDING AVeyt "f the While Hduse on Pennsylvania Aveuue and Seventeenth Street stands this hiigest and most maj^niticcnt oltice buikUnff in the world. The War Department occupies the west wing, the Navy Department the east wing, and the State Department the south wing. The five hundred rooms included in this building are connected by over several miles of marble corridors and are given over entirely to the use of the three great executive departments. TRKASURY BUILDING East (if the White House nn Pennsylvania Avenue and B'if teentli Street, this perfect architectural cnnception strikes the most fastidious eye with [ileasing effect. An impression of solidity and security is given by the noble fronts generously adorned with beautiful Ionic columns. In the basement of this building are great gold, silver and bond vaults tilleil with specie and securities and carefully guarded. ,«f*^^ >- , gfr.f^ ■ f^ K: P P P F Fl p p P B i^.^H»c;s.=s»JB>?; ."fllMifll mmmmtmm t^ -1 ti"F THE NEW AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT BUILDING This splendid building is destined to house the ever-increasing business force of the Department of Agriculture. When completed, it will be one of the most interesting office buildings in Washington. Here will be permanently located a great museum of various agricultural products, illustrating their growth, and their industrial and commercial value. PATENT OFFICE The square from P to G and Seventh to Ninth streets is occupied by an immense building in which the business of the Department of the Interior is transacted, but known everywhere as the Patent Office. To the visitor the four halls on the second floor are extremely interesting. Here is preserved a comprehensive dis- play of the labors of numberless American and foreign inventors. The whole development of many great mechanical devices may be accurately studied in this museum of models. I'ENSION BUILDING Tlie Pension HuiUlinji consists of a {^reat court protected by a lofty roof of iron and glass, and surrounded by galleries rising one above the other, which contain tiers of ortices. An immense total of three billions and one-half of dollars has been paid to pensioners of the United States since the War of the Revolution. No other nation in the world has approached anywhere near this generous record. The enormous business is handled readily with perfect system. BUREAU UF PRINTING AND ENGRAVING This is the mamiracturiiig Ijianch of tlie Treasury Department lueated at tlie coruer of Fourteenth and B streets, S. W. Great eare surrounds the process of engraving and printing currency and a tlioiough system of chccliing the daily work is in use. In this department are printed government lionds, national currency, postage and revenue stamps, military, naval and diplomatic commissions, charts, passports, etc. SiMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION This splendid institution was named in honor of James Smithson, an Englishman, who died in 1829 and bequeathed his entire property as a foundation for " an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." The building is located in the southern end of the Smithsonian Grounds on the Mall near B Street between Tenth and Eleventh streets. The institution is in the care of the National Government. Here are preserved thousands of natural history specimens and prehistoric antiquities. OONCRESSIONAL LIBRARY This marvelous achievement of Ameiicaii art and architecture stands pre-eminent among the libraries of the world. The front of the structure fa<^es upon First Street and the other walls are viewed from East Capitol, Second and li streets. The architectural scheme is of a great central rotunda where the reading room is located, with radiating hook stacks enclosed in aparallellogramof galleriesandpavilions.i The massive gilded dome surmounts three stories of the main structure. ENTRANCE PAVILION. SOUTH HALL— CONGRESSIONAL LIBRARY This hall has been sumptuously decorated with painting's illustrating Poetry by H. O. Walker. A large tympanum at the east end represents the Muse of Lyric Poetry. Six paintings present ideals of youthful subjects derived from Emerson, Wordsworth, Milton. Keats, Shakespeare and Tennyson. idealized in the arch in the wall. In the mosaic ceiling are the names of twenty immortal poets from Theocritus to Longfellow. Joy and Memory are ENTRANCE PAVILION, EAST HALL— CONGRESSIONAL LIBRARY The Evolution of the Book is the subject of the decorations in this hall and it has been wonderfully treated by the master hand of John W. Alexander. The idea is worked out in a series of six panels illustrating respectively, the Cairn. Oral Traditions, Hieroglyphics, the Pictograph, the Manuscript and the Printing Press. The ceiling decorations are emblematic of the arts and sciences with the names of Americans who have earned fame in one or the other. (» o M < VJ M i^ J r t >J 1) -^ I?-, *^ O c O) ^i Ed Q) » r. O a >'. O TJ u rt g s.-> o +-' o « v C: ^ z Q a ■al TS H a « M ^ H at ») ■" gags Ed -si = "3 "= o o c ^ >. ° * rt c g £ 3iS S a o « iii to o ^- lis ■= c - ■§ «? O C £■ •? a •o »ll ^ £ s THj^-gn;^ GEORGE WASHINGTON'S HOME— MOUNT VERNON The mausion House of Mount Vernon was built in 1743. It occupies one of the finest sites on the Potomac. The associations of this old house with the honored name of Washington, have made it a shrine of patriotism. Here are hundreds of relics of the great President, and the room in which he died is kept unchanged. The restoration, equipment and keeping of the several rooms are in the care of the women of the various States. TOMB OF WASHINGTON— MOUNT VERNON A plain brick structure with an arched gateway in front. aViove which an inscription up<)n a marble slab reads, " Within this enclosure rests the remains of General George Washington." The tomb of the tirst President seems to agree with what we know of the simple habits of the Father of his Country. In the antichamber may be seen two marble sarcophagi; the one on the right contains the body of Washington, the one on the left that of Martha, his wife. ARLINGTON HOUSE On entering the grounds of the Arlington National Cemetery by any of the gates one conies ti> this tine old mansion situated upon the brow of a hill overlooking the Kotomac. It was built in lS(i_' by George Washington Parke Custis, Washington's adopted son. and on his death jtassed into the hands of Robert E. Lee, who left Arlington at the outbreak of the Civil War. The mansion is now occupied by the superintendent of the military cemetery. TtENERAL LOGAN'S TOMB. ARLINGTON CEMETERY The gallant offii.-ers who served their cmintry in the great <:'ivil conflict are interred on the slope stretching to the east from the mansion in the Arlington National Cemetery. The mausoleum shown above, is the last resting place of General John A. Logan, of Ohio, who died in 1886. This brilliant writer and orator was a dashing Major-General during the war, and afterward for many years a striking personality in the United States Senate. BtNECTH THIS STONE RtWSE THE eONES on WO THOUSAND ONE HUNDRED AND ELEVEN UNKNOWN SOLDltRS GATHERED AFTER THE WAR fROMTHEnElOS or BUUl RUN.AND THE ROUTE TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK. THEIR REMAINS COULD NOT BE lOENTlflEO, BUI THEIR NAMES AND DEATHS ABE RECORDED IN THE ARCHIVES Or THEIR COUNTRY; AND ITS GRATEruL CITIZENS HONOR THEM AS or THEIR NOBIE ARMY or MARTYRS.MAY THEY REST IN PtACEl SEPTEMBER. A. D. 1866. UNKNOWN DEAIJ— ARLINGTON CEMKTEKY Nothing is known ol" these brave men, except that they fought for the perpetuation of the Union, and dying on the tield of battle, lost even the reward of an in- (iividual record of their sacrifice. Yet they did not lose all, for so long as this granite monument endures, these nameless soldiers who fell on the bloody fields of Virginia will have a share in the reverent memory of the American people along with the great captains who lie buried at Arlington.