Vf ]U Of TMe. ^mipn. New York, Cincinnati, CHiCAqo, Penzisrr Prothbrs printersio the Holy /Vpostolie c)ee. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. Sf!t;:EI78@n{rarigIjfI}a.- ShelfC.lM. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. PRIMARY HISTORY OP THE UNITED STATES /^^I^ /'U^iu^ <3i / New York, Cincinnati, and Chicago: . ^ Printers to the Boly Ajmstolic See. Copyright, 1893, by Benziger Brothers. PREFACE. This little book contains the important events in our country's history, related in a clear and interesting way. The language, while accurate, is so simple that it can be understood by any child ; in fact, the publishers confidently believe that not a single " big word " is to be found from the first to the last lesson. The story is told in narrative style in prefer- ence to the catechetical, as the one readily im- presses the facts on the pupil's mind, Avhile the other is valueless when questions and answers are separated. To refresh the children's memory and to test their knowledge, Keview Lessons are given at the end of certain periods. Questions on the matter treated on the page are at the foot of each page ; this arrangement, it is believed, will 23rove of great convenience, as it saves the annoyance of reference to other parts of the book. 4 PREFACE. The many illustrations which embellish the book are of great excellence and will serve still further to interest the pu^Dils. A book of this kind — terse and attractive — is much needed, and the publishers trust this little volume will find a welcome and a place in every Catholic school. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. The Discovery op America, XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV XVI. XVII. II. The Discovery of America, continued, III. Other Voyages of Columbus, . IV. Other Discoveries, continued, Review I. — Early Discoveries, V. The Settlement of Virginia, . VI. New England, VII. Maryland, New York, and Delaware, VIII. New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Carolina AND Georgia, .... IX. Intercolonial Wars, X. Intercolonial Wars, continued. Review II. — The Colonies, The War for Independence, . Concord and Lexington, . Washington in Command. The Battle of Bunker Hill, 6 The Campaign against Canada. The British Leave Boston. The Declaration of Inde- pendence, The Campaign in New York. The Battle OF Long Island. The Campaign in New Jersey, Aid from Foreign VANiA Campaign. goyne's Campaign, 77 Aid from France. Benjamin Franklin. The Battle of Monmouth. The Massacre of Wyoming, . 81 68 Lands. The Pennsyl- Valley Forge. Bur- CONTENTS. CHAPTER XVIII. The War in the South. John Paul Jones Barry, and other Naval Heroes, XIX. Arnold's Treason. The Siege of York TOWN. The Surrender of Cornwallis, Review III. — The War for Independence XX. The Constitution of the United States Washington the first President. In DiAN Troubles. Religious Changes, XXI. The Administrations of Washington and Adams, continued, .... XXII. The Administrations of Jefferson and Madison, XXIII. The War of 1812, .... XXIV. The War of 1812, continued, XXV. The Administrations of Monroe and John QuiNCY Adams, XXVI. The Administrations of Jackson and Van BUREN, XXVII. The Administrations of Harrison, Tyler, AND Polk, XXVIII. The Administrations of Taylor, Fillmore AND Pierce, XXIX. The Administration of Buchanan and the Election of Lincoln, Review IV. — The Close of the Revolution TO the Election of Lincoln, . XXX. The Civil War, XXXI. The Battles of 1862, . ~^. XXXII. The Battles of 1862, continued. McClel LAN's Campaign, XXXIII. The Events of 1863, .... XXXIV. The Battles of 1864, .... XXXV. The Events of 1865. Peace, Review V. — The Civil War, XXXVI. Events since the Civil War, XXXVII. The Prosperity of our Country, PRIMARY HISTORY UNITED STATES. CHAPTER I. THE DISCOVERY OF AMEEICA. 1. The New World. — The country we live in was discovered in the year 1492, and was called the New World, because until then it was not known to the people of Euroj^e and other countries. 2. It was while looking for a short way to India that this discovery was made. 3. A great part of the most valuable goods used in Europe in those days, such as silks, jewels, spices, and perfumes, was brought from India. The voyage, however, was so long and ex- pensive that learned men, merchants, and sailors had tried for a long while to find a shorter and cheaper way. 1. Why is our country called the New World ? 2. In what way was the New World discovered ? 8. Why was a shorter and cheaper road to India looked for ? 7 PRIMARY HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. Christopher Columbus. 4. Christopher Columbus. — No one took more interest iu this search than ChristojDher Colum- bus, a bold sailor who had made many voyages to different parts of the world as it was then known. 5. Columbus was born at Genoa {gen'o-aJi), iu Ital}', about the year 1435. His father was a wool-comber, but Colum- bus, not Avishing to fol- low that trade, went to sea at the age of fifteen. 6. The western passage. — Besides being a sailor Columbus was a man who studied very hard and thought a great deal about what he studied. In those days it was generally believed that the earth was flat, but Columbus and some others felt sure it was round. If this be so, thought Columbus, India can be reached by water, sailing directly west from Europe. 7. Columbus seeks means for his voyage. — A voy- age of this kind, however, would require a larger sum of money than Columbus could raise, for he was a poor man. In the hope of getting this 4. Who took a great interest in tliis search ? 5. Where was Columbus born ? 6. What was the general belief about the shape of the earth when Columbus lived ? Of what did Colum- bus feel sure ? How did he think India could be reached ? THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. 9 money lie explained his plans to several kings and queens, but lie was only laughed at and set down as a dreamer. 8. At last his friend Father Juan Perez {liivan pay'retJi), who at one time had been confessor to Queen Isabella of Spain, begged that queen to furnish the needed ships and money. 9. Ferdinand and Isabella help Columbus. — Slie and her husband, King Ferdinand, had been for some time at war with the Moors, and had spent much money, but the queen consented to help Columbus, and even promised to pawn her jewels, if necessary, for that purpose. 10. She was not obliged to do this, however, as she obtained tlie money in another way, and Columbus, with his men, having first received holy Communion, sailed from Palos {pah'lds), in Spain, on Friday, August 3d, 1492. CHAPTER II. THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA, CONTINUED. 1. Columbus sails from Palos.- — There were only one hundred and twenty men and three vessels in the fleet of Columbus. He went on board the 7. What did Columbus do in tlie liope of getting money for liis voyage ? 8. Wlio helped liim ? In what way did Father Perez help him ? 9. What did Queen Isabella consent to do ? 10. When did Columbus sail from Palos ? 10 PRIMARY HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. largest of the ships, the Sauta Maria {salin'tah inali-ree' all) ; the others were named the Pinta ijpeen' tall) and the Nina {neen'yah). 2. The voyage of discovery. — When the vessels left Palos they sailed to the southwest, and in three weeks reached the Canary Islands. There they stopped for a time, and after fixing a rudder and altering some sails started fairly on the voy- age for India. 3. For daj^s and days they sailed on that dark sea, "the crew becoming every hour more fright- ened and discouraged. Remember, it was very different then from the present time, when thou- sands of ships are crossing and recrossiug the ocean every day. Then they were alone and going where none had gone before. 4. At last the crew wanted to turn back, but Columbus refused to do this, even when they tlireatened to throAv him overboard. He quieted his men by coaxing and by promises of great re- wards, and kept sailing on, on. 5. Land. — One day green rushes, weeds, a branch of thorn with fresh berries on it, and other signs of land were seen, and on the night of October 11th Columbus himself saw a light in the distant darkness. 1. What were tlie names of the boats in Columbus's fleet ? 2. Where was the first stop made ? 3. Why was a voyage across the ocean at that time different from now ? 4. How did Columbus's crew act ? 5. What signs of land were seen ? THE DISCOVERY OF AMEKICA. 11 6. He said nothing of it to tlie crew, for fear he might be mistaken ; but at two o'clock the next morning a cannon was fired from the Pinta as a signal that land was in sight. 7. San Salvador. — With daylight came the joy- ful cry of " Land ! land !" and a beautiful island was seen, green with trees and other plants. Columbus Discovering Land. 8. Columbus made haste to reach the shore, and when there his first act was to kneel and kiss the ground and thank Almighty God for His good- ness. Then a cross was raised, and Columbus 6. When was land discovered ? 8. Wliat did Columbus do on reacliing land ? 12 PRIMARY HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. took possession of the couutry iu the name of Ferdinand and Isabella. 9. The newly-fonnd land was one of the Ba- hama Islands, and Columbus named it San Salvador, which means Holy Saviour, He be- lieved it to be part of India, and called the na- tives, who came to Avelcome the new-comers, Indians, and by this name they have since been known. The Route op Columbus. 10. Columbus returns to SpaiUo — Columbus re- mained at San Salvador about a fortnight, and then sailed southward in search of other lands which the natives said were in that direction. He discovered Cuba and Hayti, and then, in the beginning of the year 1493, returned to Spain. 9. What name did Columbus give the new land ? Of what country did he believe it to be a part ? What did he call the natives ? OTHER VOYAGES OF COLUMBUS, 13 CHAPTER III. OTHER VOYAGES OF COLUMBUS. 1. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella received Columbus with great lionor, as well they mighty for his discovery added greatly to their glory. 2. The story of the new country he had dis- covered and the sight of the fruit, birds, gold, and the few Indians Columbus had taken back with him to Spain filled them with wonder. The pious queen had the first gold from America made into a monstrance, so that it might be used for the glory of God, and it is still preserved in the Cathedral of Seville. 3. Other voyages of Columbus. — Columbus made three other voyages to America and took mis- sionaries with him to help in converting the In- dians. He established settlements at different places ; on his third voyage, in 1498, he dis- covered the coast of South America near the mouth of the Orinoco River. 4. Columbus is sent back to Spain in chains. — Though Columbus did so much for Spain, he was 1. How did Ferdinand and Isabella receive Columbus? 2. How were liis accounts of the new world received ? For what was the first gold from America used ? 3. How many otlier voyages did Columbus make to America ? Wliom did lie take with him 't What coast did he discover ? 14 PRIMARY HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. very badly treated iu return. His success made many jealous of liim, and lie was deprived of power in Amer- ica, and sent back to Spain in chains. 5. His friend, Queen Isabella,liow- ever, ordered his release, but after her death he met with even worse treatment, and died poor and neg- lected at Valladolid, in S^Dain, in 1506. To the last he kept the chains with which he had been Reception of Columbus by Ferdi- nand AND Isabella. 4. How was Columbus sent back to Spain OTHER DISCOVERIES. 15 bouud liangiug on the wall of his room, and asked to have them buried with him. 6. Even the country he found was not named after him, for a German writer of geography who read an interesting account of the New World written by Americus Yesputius {ah-vieree-kus ves-pu' shee-us) supposed him to be the discoverer, and called the country America. CHAPTER lY. OTHER DISCOVERIES, CONTINUED. 1. The North American continent. — The news of the discovery of America made other nations eager to secure some of the great riches which the New World was said to contain. 2. For this purpose England in 1497 sent an expedition to this country under the command of John Cabot {kah'hot) and his son Sebastian, Italians then in the service of Henry YIL, King of England. They reached our shores some- where on the coast of Labrador, and were the first to discover the continent of North America. 3. In the following year Sebastian Cabot set sail with a second expedition for this country, and 5. When and wliere did Columbus die? 6. How did tliis €ountry get its name ? 1. What did other nations of Europe wish to secure? 2. Whom did England send to this country ? What did they discover ? IG PRIMARY HISTORY OF THE UiflTED STATES. again landed near Labrador ; then lie sailed down the coast to about what is now called Albemarle- Sound, in Virginia. 4. On account of these discoveries England claimed a large part of North America. This claim was afterward the cause of a long and bloody war with France. 5. Other discoverers. — England was not alone in sending out expeditions for discovery. In 1498 Vasco da Gama {vas'ko dah gah'mah), a Por- tuguese, reached India by sailing round the Cap& of Good Hope, in Africa. 6. Magellan sails round the world. — In 1520 Magellan {^na-jeVan), another Portuguese, sailed through the strait which bears his name and crossed the Pacific Ocean to the Philippine Islands, where he died. One of his vessels re- turned to Spain by the Cape of Good Hope^ being the first to sail entirely round the world, and thus prove the earth to be a globe. 7. Spain did not remain idle. In order to con- vert the Indians to Christianity, and also for the w^ealth to be gained, she sent out a number of expeditions. 3. What part of our shores did Cal>ot reach on a second voyage to this country ? 4. What did England claim on account of these discoveries? What did this claim cause? 5. What place did Vasco da Gama reach? 6. Where did Magellan go? What was done by one of his vessels? What did it prove ? 7. What did Spain do ? OTHER DISCOVERIES. 17 8. Ponce de Leon discovers Florida. — In 1513 Ponce de Leon (pone'tliay day lay-ohn') discovered Florida, but no settlement was made there till 1565, when St. Augustine, the oldest city in the United States, was founded by Peter Melendez ■{7tiay4en' detli). 9. In the year 1513, also, Yasco Nunez de Bal- boa iyas'ko noon-yetli deh hcd-ho'ali), while on a voyage to the Isthmus of Panama, discovered the Pacific Ocean. 10. De Soto on the Mississippi. — About the last of May, 1539, Ferdinand de Soto, governor of Cuba, landed at Tampa Bay, Florida, with about six hundred men. With flying banners and trumpets sounding, the Spaniards started on a march through the country in search of gold. 11. The Indians opposed them at every step, ^nd bloody battles followed in which some tribes w^ere almost entirely destroyed. In the march of the Spaniards numbers of Indians were seized, forced to carry heavy baggage, and treated with great cruelty. 12. For two years De Soto and his followers continued on their march, travelling upward of fifteen hundred miles through what are now the States of Florida, Georgia, Alabama, and Missis- sippi. In the spring of 1541 they reached the 8. Wlio discovered Florida? "Where is St. Augustine? Wlien was it founded ? 9. Wliat did Balboa discover ? 10-12. Tell wliat De Soto did. 18 PRIMARY HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. great Mississipiji Eiver. Here tliej crossed. Half tlieir original number was dead by this time, and the rest was nearly starved. Still tliey kept on, seeking for the gold they were not to find. At last, disappointed and completely worn out, De Soto was taken sick and died in May, 1542, near the mouth of the Red River. His body, wrapped in his cloak, was sunk at midnight in the Mississippi. 13. France also wanted a share in the New World. In 1510 she sent out John Denys {den-ee'), a French captain, who visited the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and in 1524 Yerrazzano (ver-rat- tzah'no), who explored the Atlantic coast from Carolina to New Foundland, and called the coun- try New France. 14. Cartier on the Gulf of St. Lawrence. — James Cartier {har-tee-a')y another Frenchman, made several voyages to America from 1534 to 1541. He gave the name of St. Lawrence to the beau- tiful gulf and river which he first saw on the feast of that saint. 15. Spain and France sent many missionaries to this country. The best known are the Jesuits, 13. Wliom did France send out to this country in 1510 ? What did he visit ? Who was sent out in 1524 ? What coast did he explore ? What did he call the country ? 14. Who made several voyages to this country from 1534 to 1541 ? What name did he give a certain gulf and river ? Why did he so name them ? OTHER DISCOVERIES. 19 Father Marquette {mar-kef), who explored the Mississippi River as far as the Arkansas River, and Fathers Jogues (zhog), Lalemaut (lal'mon)^ and Brebeuf (brd-huf), wlio were martyred by the Indians. The "Half Moon'' ascending the Hudson. 16. Henry Hudson at New York.— In 1609 Henry Hudson, an Englisliman in the service of the Dutch government, entered the bay of New York, and sailed in his ship, the •' Half Moon," up the 15. What nations sent missionaries to this country ? Name some of tlie best known missionaries. 20 PRIMARY HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. river which now bears his name, as far as Albany. He called the country Neio Netlierlands, and claimed it for Holland. 17. Thus England, Spain, France, and Holland each claimed a j)art of this country. 18. England claimed North America from Labrador to Florida. 19. Spain claimed the southern part of North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific, under the name of Florida. 20. France laid claim to the whole of New France with the valleys of the St. Lawrence, Mississippi, and Ohio. 21. Holland claimed the Atlantic coast from the Connecticut Eiver to the Delaware. Review I. — Early Disco vbiRIEs. What have we learned, so far, about our country ? We have learned that our country was discovered in 1492 by Columbus, who was acting for Spain, and that several European nations afterward sent out expeditions to the New World. What followed the news of the discovery of America ? The news of the discovery of America made England, Spain, and France eager to establish settlements here. 16. Who was Henry Hudson ? What bay did he enter? What name did he give the country ? For what nation did lie claim it? 17. What nations claimed parts of our country? 18. What did England claim? 19. Spain? 20. France? 21. Holland? REVIEW. 21 Who were the first English explorers in the New World ? The first English explorers in the New World were the Cabots — father and son — who came over in 1497 and were the discoverers of the continent of North America. Who were the most important Spanish explorers ? The most important Spanish explorers were Ponce de Leon, who in 1513 discovered the southern coast of what is now the United States, and called it Florida ; Balboa, wdio in the same year discovered the Pacific Ocean ; and De Soto, who reached the Mississippi in 1541. What name did the Spaniards give this country ? The Spaniards gave the name of Florida to the whole southern part of North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Who were the most important French explorers ? The most important French explorers were Verrazzano, who in 1524 sailed along the Atlantic coast from Carolina to Newfoundland, and called the country New France ; and Cartier, who in 1534 explored the region about the St. Lawrence Kiver. Did any other European nation explore this country ? Yes, another European nation explored this country : the Dutch in 1609 sent out Henry Hudson with an expedition, Hudson entered the river which is named after him, and sailed up to Albany. What name did Hudson give to the country he explored ? Hudson called the Atlantic coast from the Connecticut River to the Delaware, New Netherlands. 22 PRIMAKY HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. What was the result of these discoveries and explora- tions by different nations ? These discoveries and explorations caused different na- tions to claim parts of this country. CHAPTER V. THE SETTLEMENT OF VIRGINIA. 1. Raleigh attempts to settle Virginia. — In 1584 Sir Walter Raleigh [raiv'lee) obtained the right from Queen Elizabeth of England to settle in America. He, therefore, sent out a number of people who occupied land in what is now Vir- ginia. The place was so called bj Elizabeth, who ^ ' ■ was proud of her title of "Virgin Queen." The settlers did f4' not succeed as well as was expected, and they were glad to get back to Eng- land. 2. The Indians taught them to use tobacco, and they carried some back to England, wliereit was then unknown. It is said that a servant of Raleigh's who saw him 1. Who obtained a right from Queen Elizabeth to settle in America? What land did the people "v^ ho were sent out oc- cupy ? How did it get its name ? THE SETTLEMENT OF VIRGINIA. 23 smoking tliouglit him to be ou fire aud poured a pitcher of ale over him. 3. lu 1603 some noblemen and merchants in England, who wanted to establish settlements in America, formed two companies, one known as the London Company, and the other as the Ply- mo atli Company. 4. To these James I., then King of England, granted certain rights called patents or charters. To the London Company he gave the right to South Virginia, which was the country between Cape Fear and the Potomac ; to the Plymouth Company, North Virginia, which lay between the eastern end of Long Island and the northern limit of the mainland of Nova Scotia. 5. Jamestown settled. — The attempt made at a settlement by the Plymouth Company was a fail- ure. The London Company sent out a party ot one hundred and five men. The emigrants left England in December, 1606, and six months later entered Chesapeake Bay and came to a river which they named the James. Sailing up this river they settled at Jamestown, named, like the river, in honor of the king. 2. What did the Indians teach the settlers? What is Kaleigh's servant said to have done ? 3. What companies were formed in England ? 4. To what part of the country did the king give the London Company a right ? To what part was the Plymouth Company given a right ? 5. Where did the party sent out by the London Company settle ? 24 PRIMARY HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 6. The settlers at once began to cut down trees and build themselves log-houses. This was hard work, for thej were not used to it ; in fact, many of them had never worked in their lives. Neither were they accustomed to the coarse food they were obliged to use. The con- sequence was that a number grew sick and died, and all became dissatisfied. 7. Smith takes charge of the colony. — One reason of this dissatisfaction was that the president of the colony was unfit to manage it. So the set- tlers selected one of their number, a man named John Smith, who was just suited for the position,, and placed him in charge. 8. Smith began by putting every one to work. That was a good w^ay to begin, for busy peo23le have very little time to find fault or be dissatis- fied. He made friends with the Indians ; they furnished him with corn and game, and under his wise government things changed for the bet- ter. Unfortunately (in 1609) Smith was badly injured by an explosion of gunpowder, and re- turned to England to have his wounds treated. He never went back to Virginia. 9. Smith and Pocahontas. — In a book of travels 6. Wliat caused tlie settlers to grow sick and become dis- satisfied ? 7. Who was made president of the colony after the people became dissatisfied ? 8. What did Smith do ? What did he receive from the Indians ? What happened to him in 1609 V THE SETTLEMENT OF VIRGIXIA. 25 wliicli Smith afterward wrote lie told some won- tlerful stories of Lis adventures. Among others he related that Powhatan {poiv-hat'tan), a great Indian chief, was about to put him to death,, when his life was saved by Pocahontas [po-kali- Iwn'tas), the chief's daughter. She threw her arms about Smith's neck and begged her father to spare him. 10. When Smith left Virginia the people again fell into idle ways ; the fields were neglected ; famine, sickness, and death followed, and the colony was about to be given up, Avhen other settlers and supplies came over from England. 11. Domestic fowl, — such as chickens, ducks, and geese, — horses, cows, sheep, hogs, and goats were brought over, for they are not native to the United States. The potato, too, was intro- duced ; for although it came originally from South America, our North American Indians did not know of it until it was brought here from Europe. 12. Things began to improve now, and some young women came over to become wives of the planters, families grew up, and Virginia was at last firmly established. 1.3. The first Colonial Assembly.— In 1619 the first step towards liberty was made in the New 9. What story did Smith tell about Pocahontas ? 10. What happened after Smitli left Virginia ? 11. Wliat animals were brought over from England ? What vegetable was introduced?' 26 PRIMARY HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. World. Up to tliis time the colony liad been governed by the Company in London, but now an Assembly was called, and certain persons were elected to meet and make laAvs for the colon}^, just as a State Legislature does now for a State. The Assembly met at Jamestown in July, 1619, and was the first of its kind ever held in America. 14. An Indian massacre. — The Indian chief who succeeded Powhatan hated the English and plot- ted to destroy them. A number of Indians joined in the plot, and on April 22, 1622, they suddenly attacked the colony and massacred three hundred and fortj-seven men, women, and children. 15. More would certainly have been killed, but a friendly Indian gave the alarm and the people found safety in the fort at Jamestown. Then they united in a war against the Indians, destroyed their villages and crops, and so pun- ished them that they gave no trouble for years after. 16. Virginia becomes a royal colony. — King James pretended that the colony was badly managed, and changed it into a royal j^rovinco to be governed in future by the king. Laws, 13. What was done to make laws for the colony ? When and where did the Assembly meet ? 14. What happened to the colony on April 32, 1622 ? 15. What did the people of the colonv afterward do to the Indians ? THE SETTLEMENT OF VIRGINIA. Z7 kuowii as the Navigation ^icts, were passed by wliicli tlie colonies were not allowed to buy any- where except in England, to sell their products anywhere except in England, nor to ship their goods in any but English vessels. 17. Bacon's Rebellion. — Of course, these laws gave Enghmd the entire control of the trade of the colonies. The governor appointed by the king cared very little for the people and their interests, and even refused to protect them from the Indians. This caused great discontent, and in 1676 civil war broke out in Virginia. This is known as "Bacon's Rebellion," from the name of its leader, Nathaniel Bacon. 18. Jamestown burned. — During the rebellion Jamestown w^as burned, and Williamsburg was made the capital of Virginia. Shortly after this Bacon died, and the war came to an end. 19. From this time the population of Virginia increased and the place grew more and more prosperous. 20. Negro slavery first introduced. — Great atten- tion was given to raising tobacco, wdiich was sent to England and brought much money to the colony. In 1620 a Dutch ship brought over 16. How did King James change tlie colony ? What laws were passed ? 17. What did these laws give England? W^hat war did they cause ? What is this war called? 18. What place was made the capital of Virginia? How did the war end ? 28 PRIMARY HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. about twenty negroes from Africa and sold them as slaves to the planters. This was the begin- ning of negro slavery in this country. The negroes jDroved useful as field hands, and their work in attending to the tobacco crop increased the wealth of the colony. 21. Many of the settlers in Virginia were of good family and well educated ; and they so helped to improve the manners of the other colonists that the people grew up intelligent, re- fined, and generous. CHAPTER VL NEW ENGLAND. 1. New England was so named by Captain John 8mith, who made a voyage to that part of the country in 1614, and drew a map of the coast. 2. All attem23ts to settle the country north of Virginia failed until 1620. At that time a party of one hundred and two men, women, and chil- dren sailed from Plymouth,-4^i England, in the ship "Mayflower " to seek a home in America. 20. To wliat was great attention given ? How were negroes iirst brouglit to this country as slaves? 21. How were tlie manners of tlie colonists improved ? 1. By whom was New England so named? 2. Who came over in 1620 to settle the country north of Virginia? From what place did they come ? NEW ENGLAND. 29 3. The Puritans. — These people were known as Puritans, or Pilgrims, and had been persecuted in England because they differed from the Church established there by law. 4. The landing at Plymouth. — After a long and stormy voyage, they reached the New England shores, and on December 21st, 1620, landed at Plymouth. They agreed upon certain laws which The Landing of the Pilgrims. all were to obey, elected John Carver, one of their party, governor, and began to build rude houses. 5. They had no trouble with the Indians, who were friendly with them, but poor food, and 3. By what name Avere these people known ? 4. When and wliere did they land ? Wlio was elected governor ? 30 PRIMARY HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. very little of it, togetlier with the extreme cold, to which thej were not used, brought on much sickness, and before sirring nearly half their number died. Among the others was Governor Carver. Map of New England. fi. None of the Pilgrims returned to England, however, but new settlers came out in the spring ; corn, barley, and j^eas were planted, and before 5. How did the Pilgrims succeed V KT.W ENGLAND. 31 the summer was over the colony was doing very well. 7. lu the spring of 1621 Governor Bradford, who had succeeded Carver, made a treaty with Massasoit {inas-sa-so'it), the most powerful Indian chief in that part, Avhich lasted over fifty years. There was one unfriendly tribe of Indians, how- ever, and their chief, Canonicus {kah-non' ee-kus), threatened war, and sent the governor a bundle of arrows tied round with a rattlesnake-skin. This meant : get ready to fight. But Governor Bradford was not easily frightened ; he returned the skin stuffed full with powder and balls. The Indians understood by this that the settlers were ready to fight, if necessary, and concluded to let them alone. 8. Plymouth Colony. — This settlement received the name of Plymouth Colony. Its success drew so much attention to it in England that other immigrants came over, and Salem and Charles- town were settled. 9. Massachusetts Bay Colony. — The new settle- ment was called Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1630 nearly a thousand more people came over from England with horses and cattle, and tools of different kinds, and settled in Boston, Water- 6. What was done in the spring ? 7. \Mio was Massasoit ? What did he and Governor Bradford do ? What did Canoni- cus do ? What did Bradford do in return ? 8. What name •did the Cohmy receive? What other places were settled? 32 PRIMARY HISTORY OF THE U:N"ITEI) STATES. town, Dorchester, Lyim, and neighboring places. John Winthro23 was made governor, and under his wise direction the colony succeeded and grew in size and population. Within ten years after his arrival twenty thousand people had come to the country. Early Settlers on their March through the Woods. 10. As the population of New England in- creased the people began to look about for other places in which to settle. In 1635 Saybrook, near the mouth of the Connecticut River, was 9. What was the new settlement called? What places, were settled in 1630? How did the colony succeed ? NEW ENGLAND. 33 fouuded. The following j'ear Rev. Tliomas Hooker set out from Massachusetts Bay with about a hundred people, driving their cattle before them and carrying their household goods through the woods, until they reached Hartford, where they settled. 11. In 1638 New Haven was founded, and in the 3'ear 1665 the three colonies of Salem, Hart- ford, and New Haven united and took the name of Connecticut. 12. New Hampshire. —Two years after the land- ing of the Pilgrims, two Englishmen, Ferdinando Oorges {gor'jez) and Captain John Mason, ob- tained from the Council of Plymouth the right to some laud lying between the Kennebec and Merrimac rivers. The place was called Maine, or Mainland, to distinguish it from the islands along the coast. The following year a small party was sent to settle at Little Harbor and at Dover, but the colony grew very slowly. 13. In 1629 Gorges and Mason divided their property and separated. As Mason had been governor of Portsmouth, in Hampshire, England, he called his j^art of the country New Hampshire. Afterward, for their own protection, both Maine and New Hampshire united with Massachusetts. 10, 11. Wliat otlier places were settled? 12. For wliat land did Gorges and Mason obtain the right ? What was the place called? 13. What did Mason call his part of the country when he and Gorges separated ? With what colony did Maine and New Hampshire afterward unite ? 34: PRIMARY HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 14. Tlie settlers iu Massachusetts and Cou- necticut claimed tliat they left England because they could not worship God in the way they liked. This being the case, we might expect them to allow every one else perfect freedom in matters of religion. 15. But they did nothing of the kind. Tha settler who did not believe as the other colonists did was persecuted ; he was not allowed to vote, and was even driven from the place. 16. When Roger Williams, a young English minister, preached that no man should worship against his own consent, he was ordered to leave the colony. An attempt was even made to arrest him, but he escaped. 17. Providence settled by Roger Williams. — This was in 1636, in the dead of winter, and the weather was bitterly cold ; but Williams found shelter among the Indians, who were his friends, and they kept him till spring. Then they gave him some land at the head of Narragansett {nah-rah- gan'sett) Bay, and there he founded a colony which he named Providence, in gratitude for " God's merciful providence to him in his distress." 14. Why did the settlers in Massacliusetts and Conneeticiit claim that they left England? 15. How did they treat the settlers who differed from them ? 16. How was Roger Wil- liams treated ? 17. Where did Williams find shelter ? What colony did he found ? Why did he call the place Providence t NEW EXGLAXJ). 35 18. Coddington founds Rhode Island. — Two years later William Coddiugton settled at Rhode Islaud oil laud bouglit of the Indians. This settlement prospered as did Providence, and later on the two were nnited, and the colony of Rhode Island was thus founded. 19. The Puritans of Massachusetts showed their bigotry still further by persecuting Quakers and others who did not agree with them. Bap- tists were fined or flogged for not attending the Congregational Church, and in 1659 some Quakers were even hanged for worshipping God in their own fashion. 20. Some people, too, were accused of being witches. In the excitement that followed many were flogged, and in 1692 twenty innocent persons were hanged on this foolish charge, before the colonists learned that they had been deceived. 21. The United Colonies of New England. — In order to protect themselves from their French and Dutch neighbors, Plymouth, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Haven came together in 1643, and under the name of " The United Col- onies of New England " formed a union which lasted forty years. 22. King Philip's War. — "While the colonies were 18. How was the colony of Rhode Island founded ? 19. How did the Puritans of Massachusetts show their bigotry? 20. What happened in 1693? 21. Under what name did the English colonies form a union ? How long did this union last ? 30 PRIMARY HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. thus prospering, Indian troubles broke out in December, 1675. Philip, an Indian cliief and son of Massasoit, became jealous of the growing power of the whites, and persuaded his tribe to begin war against the colonists. 23. In this the Narragansetts joined, and much ^ ^4 ^ >i bloodshed followed, set- '^■^ "' '' tiers A\ere killed while at ri^U?! l-- ^ -" ^vork in the fields, while -i. traYellin