TUE TRIBUTE BOOK A RECORD OF THE MUNIFICENCE, SELF-SACRIFICE PATRIOTISM OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE DURING THE WAU FOR THE UNIOX. lUustnittt BY FRAXK B. GOODRICH, AUTIIOE OF "tub COURT OF NAPOLEON," ETC. '* A Tribute of a free-will offering." — Deut. xvi. io. sF/>- /= NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY DERBY & MILLER. 18 65. ^''"'< ^.O' a A. ALVnRD, EI.ECTROTTPFR AND rRIXTKR, ' / / '"V In'. "h i-^t:^^ aj^c^ MMm Book contains the stoiy of seventy millions of dollars. Ordinarily, INIillions do not furnish an interesting or an instructive theme; he who writes tlieir history has generally little to tell but a tale of selfishness and greed, or at best, of dogged in- dustry or stubborn self-denial. It is rare that he who collects the chronicles of dollars and cents, jiounds, shillings and pence, can lay before the reader such a record of self-sacrifice as the following Images embody. These are not the annals of mercan- tile shrewdness, of wealth heaped up by toil or avarice, of riches painfully gathered by patience or speedily swept together by genius or fortune : they are the records of money given, not money earned ; of a labor of love, not of labor for hire and salary ; of purse-strings unloosed, of the latch-string hang- ing free, of self-assessment, of tribute rendered always willingly, often unasked. This volume, in a word, is a digest — the materials for twenty such having been condensed into one — of the ways and means by which the American people, having been taxed to pay three thousand millions of dollars for the prosecution of a war — of their own accord, without tax or loll, collected and expended nearly seventy millions more. Its contents, 4 PREFACE. varied in their details, have, fondamentally, but one source, and treat of but one i^urpose. The intent was one and the same, whether the particular object in view was to promote enlistments, to procure representative recruits, to relieve drafted men, to succor the flxmilies of volunteers, to sustain the efficiency of the army, to care for the sick and wounded, to send aid to the distressed Unionist within the rebel lines, to feed the impoverished operative abroad, to build soldiers' rests, to endow orphan asylums, to give homes to living officers and erect monuments to dead ones. Our subject is the private generos- ity, the munificence, the philanthropy, of the War for the Union ; and no form in Avhich money has been obtained — out- side of taxation, legislation, and appropriation, whether by states, counties, or towns — and expended for any purpose connected with the ijrosecution of the war, has l)een knowinirlv omitted. This stated, there is little else requiring notice in these preliminary pages. A grateful duty remains to the compiler — for compilation and annotation have been his principal labors — that of acknowledging the assistance received, without which not one page could have been prepared, nor one fact obtained. A book like this has not been produced without the asking of innumerable questions; and tliose to whom they have been addressed, have, in no case, let them pass unheeded, though they had often, doubtless, many more pressing things to do than answering them. To the corresponding secretaries of the various associations whose labors are here recorded, the thanks of the publishers are due, and are hereby cordially offered. To the presidents of the several commissions, to the superintendents of soldiers' homes and asylums, to the treasurers of bounty and defence funds, to all who have aiforded aid, the publishers gratefully confess their indebtedness. One other debt they have to acknowledge, even if they are never able to pay it. Unassisted, they could not have assumed the financial responsibility of an undertaking so serious PREFACE. 5 as the present; nor is it probable that any of their colleagues of the book-producing profession would have cared to take upon themselves a burden, in one sense, so exhausting. It was fortunate that the gentleman who conceived the idea of collecting these chronicles and of laying them before the public in an attractive form, possessed also the means ; fortunate, too, that, having the means to work out the idea, he was not afraid to use them. If the public finds The Tribute Book a welcome ad- dition to the shelf or the table, if it discovers that the frame is not altogether unworthy of the canvas, if it sees any reason to rejoice that American designers and engravers upon wood, American paper-makers, American printers and binders have been enabled, in the exercise of their seveVal arts and handicrafts, to bestow a fitting dress upon a peculiarly American theme, it will doubtless be glad to know whom to thank. Mr. George Jones, once of Vermont, now of New York, one of the proprietors of the New York Times, is the projector and patron of this work. Without saying that the seventy millions' voluntary outlay will become seventy-one milUons, if this enter- prise ends in disaster, we may hint that the responsibility is quite enough for one pair of shoulders, and that, large or small, it has been gallantly borne. The Tribute Book is offered to the public, in the belief that the records are of value, whether they have been skil- fully collected or not, and that the people, who, for four years, have been making history, will not regret that one phase of it is thus early committed to print. New York, August, 18G5. A'o. SuhjecL 1. TITLE 2. ORNAMENTAL BOIiDKlt .... COPYKIOIIT 3. LETTERING 4. " 5. DEDICATION 6. INITIAL LETTER 7. VALLEY FiniGE 8. LADIES OF PHILADELPHIA WORKING FOU 1 WASHINGTON'S ARMY . . . . \ 9 VIGNETTE 10. THE FIRST SUBSCRIPTION .... 11. INITIAL LETTER 12. NEW BOOTS FOR OLD .... 13. THE FRIGATE VANDEEBILT 14. "THERE LET IT WAVE. AS IT WAVED OF OLD- IS. THE LADIES OF AUGUSTA TREATING THE 1 > Nast . THIRD MAINE TO DOUGHNUTS . . i 16. VIGNETTE ....... SuEAEJi.ix n. SI.^C AND EIGHTY-SIS KNITTIMG FOR THE J >- WUITE SOLDIERS ) 18. VIGNETTE ....... Seieauman Designed hy Engravecl hy Page Nast . . Richardson HorilSTElN Bross 'I Will . . Trent 2 " . . N. Oer . 3 IlrrcncocK ■■ 7 Will . Trent . To Face li SllKARM\N . Richardson 15 NiST Davis •21) BlLLIXGS Richardson . tl Will . . . . 25 MoLenan . . 26 Hitchcock . . . 20 Nast . . Davis . 40 Fesx . N. Ore . . . . 41 Hows . . RlCHAEDSON . 4J Davis 45 70 . IllCUABDSON 8 ILLUSTRATIONS. 19. THE UNITED STATES SANITARY COMMISSION . POETKAir OF DK. BELLOWS 20. THE SANITAKY CO.MMISSION IN THE UOSPITAL 21. BEFOEE THE BATTLE 22. ALEKT 23. SANITARY CHARADE : METAPHYSICIAN 24. CUILDEEN-S SOLDIERS' FAIR 25. FAIR UPON A DOOR-STEP .... 26. PICKING BLACKBERRIES FOR THE SOLDIERS 27. OFFICE OF A SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY . 28. VIGNETTE 29. AID SOCIETY'S AID 30. STRAWBERRY FESTIVAL FOR THE SOLDIERS . 31. MR. MURDOCK READING TO SOLDIERS IN A | HOSPITAL I 32. MINUTE-MAN OF KALAMAZOO 33. SANITARY CHARADE .... 34. BUSY FINGERS 35. INITIAL LETTER 36. THE LAKE COUNTY DELEGATION . 37. THE CHICAGO FAIR DININGHALL 38. ELLSWORTH ZOUAVE DRILL .... 39. DISCOVERY OF A BALANCE OF ONE CEN I' . 40. SANTA CLAUS ASSISTING THE LADIES OF CINCINNATI 41. COMMITTEE ON ENTERTAINMENT OF STRAN- ( GERS, AT WORK .... I 42. WORK OF THE COMMITTEE ON EVERGREENS . 43. SALE OF CHRISTMAS TREES IN GREENWOOD 1 HALL i 44. VIGNETTE 45. THE BROOKLYN AND LONG ISLAND FAIR . 46. THE OLD WO.MAN WHO LIVED IN A SHOE 47. NEW ENGLAND KITCHEN; A QUILTING PARTY . "I Designed by Engraved hy Pnge Nast . Davis TT VTlLL . 77 Xast . BoiIIfETT ^ lIoDpKR . So Fenn . N. Okr . ST WUITE ^- . . . SS McLenan . RiCHAEDSON . S9 Howard Davis . 93 ■WuiTE . . N. Or.K . 101 Nast . Davis . 103 . Ill Heerick . N. Oer . ll:J - . " . . . 119 IIOPPIN RiCnARDSON . 121 A. R. Waud . Richardson . 127 LUMLEY . . 187 McLenan . N. Oee . 146 IIOPPIS "... 157 HlTCUCOCK . Teent . 158 Cart RirUAEDSON . ICl . 164 Nast . Davis 167 Ilopprx . . N. Oer . . 173 Stephens . RiCHAEDSON . 180 McLexan . Brightly . 182 Heeeick N. Gee 1S4 " " ... 189 McNevin . Richardson . 190 Whitney . N. Oee . 194 Chapman . FIL.MER . 197 ILLUSTRATIONS. Dettiffneif btj IIoCUSTF.lX ('II.VPMIN WlIITNEV . IIOPPIN . No. Subject. 48. WAX FLOWEKS AT THE BKOOKLYN FAIH . 49. NEW ENGLAND KITCHEN: APPLE PAUINci 50. THE FAIPv NEWSPAPEES .... 51. THE SUGAE PENDULUM .... 52. AEMOEi" OF THE '22T> KEOIMENT ARRANGED 1 FOE THE MEXnOPOLITAN FAIR . i 53. sanita;:t voting .... 54. the heart of the andes 65. illustrated concert peogramme portraits of gottschalk and barili . 5g. episode in optics : only ten cents . 57. vignette 58. vignette 59. vignette ...... 60. vignette 61. vignette 62. vignette 63. vignette 64. vignette 65. vignette 66. scene in the metropolitan fair . 67. illusteated dramatic programme . poeteait of edwin booth ... poetraits of mes. john hoey and .j. les- 1 y Will . TEE WALLACE I 68. VIGNETTE ....... Heueick 69. TATTOO . Nabt . 70. SCENE OF THE GREAT CENTRAL FAIR OK) LrMLEY . PHILADELPHIA . . . . ( 71. MAKING BOUQUETS FOR THE FAIR . 72. SANITAP.Y FAIE POST-OFFICE 73. MILITAEY VASE .... 74. ILLUSTEATED PEOGRAMME . 75. ONE DAY'S LABOE, ONE DAY'S INCOME . HOGAN Nast Hebkick M.'Sevis WlLL . White . IIOUAN MoLenan IIOGAN White . Hbrkk^i^ IIOGAN . llEREirK Billings Herrick HOOAI? McNevin WUITE HOQAN IIoPPIN Na.st . Eiigt-itve^l }t>j RirnARi>3oN . FiLMER N. Obr . Davis N. Our 9 J'ufje 201 209 217 219 221 223 . RionARDSoN To Face 221 224 N. Orr BRianTLY N. Orr 225 . 226 22T . 229 " .... 233 .... 235 236 . 23S 289 " ... 211 " ... 241 . Richardson To Face 242 • " 242 " " 212 . 244 245 . . 249 N. Ore Filmeu . N. Gee . . . . ^^3 .... 255 266 BouuETT Jc Huoi'er To Face 26S Davis . . " 200 10 ILLUSTRATIONS. JV'O. Subject. IS. VIGNETTE 11. VIGNETTE 18. VIGNETTE 19. VIGNETTE 80. VIGNETTE 81. VIGNETTE 82. VIGNETTE 83 VIGNETTE 84. VIGNETTE 85. SANITARY r.E.\PEK 86. A 8TAGE-C0ACU CONCEKT IN IOWA 81. MINNEHAHA 88. SCENE OF THE SECOND CHICAGO FAIR . 89. THE WESTERN SANITARY COMMISSION PORTRAIT OF JAMES E. TEAT.MAN 90. MISSISSIPPI RIVER HOSPITAL STEAMER . 91 St)LDIERS' HOME AT MEMPHIS . 92. SANITARY SODA 93. A COMMITTEE ON LIVE STOCK . 94. CUTTING WOOD IN THE NORTHWEST FOR ( SOLDIERS' WIVES . . . . ) 95. VIGNETTE 96. THE MAGIC LANTERN IN THE HOSPITAL 91. INITI.U, LETTER 98. " 99. " 100. THE CHRISTIAN COMMISSION . . . . PORTRAIT OF GEORGE H. STUART 101. CHRISTIAN COMMISSION IN THE FIELD . 102. A GUNBOAT SUBSCRIPTION IN AID OF TlIK | CHRISTIAN COMMISSION . . . \ 103. BALTIMORE PARALLELS . . . . 104. CHRISTIAN AND SANITARY TABLEAU: RE- 1 BECCA AND ROWENA . . . ■ ] DeKigvetl hi/ Engraved hy Page Fenn . . N. Oku . 261 Billings . IIOEY 262 Herrick . N. Oi:p. . 264 IIOGAN ... 260 IIeeeick . " . . . 267 McLenan . ... 268 HOPPIN . . . . 270 LUMLEY IllCIIARDSON . 271 . 272 IIerrick . N. Ohr . 278 Cary . Bruuitly . . 280 Fenn . N. Orr . . 284 . 286 SlIEAEMAN KiClIARDSON . 29-3 Will " . 293 Nast . Davis . 296 Fekn . N. Oru . 29S ITOWLAND . Richardson . 808 Caey . . . 309 Darlet KiNGDON 312 HOCIISTEIN . . Bririitly . . 815 A. R. Waud Davis . 316 HocnSTEiN . . N. Ohr . . 323 " Richardson . 327 " . N. Orr . . 334 Nast . DA.VI3 . . 836 "Will . . 336 Billings . Richardson . 841 Ey TINGE . Davis . 845 Nast N. Ore 358 ILLUSTRATIONS. 11 Jfo, Subject. 105. AEMT COUPS CHAPEL, NEAR PETERSBUKG 106. A LAY DELEGATE JN THE HOSPITAL . 107. THE NATIONAL FREEDMEN-S RELIEF ASSO- | CIATION \ PORTRAIT OF FRANCIS G. SHAW . 103. THE IDEAL FREEDM.VN .... 109. ORIGIN OF THE BIUD'3-NEST BANK . 110. PARADE OF THE 'iOTH U. S. COLORED TROOPS IN NEW YORK .... 111. THE GEORGE GRISWOLD, LADEN WITH 1 BUEADSTUFFS ( 112. VIGNETTES OF MOUNT VERNON, SAVANNAH, j AND THE CAPITOL . . . . j PORTRAIT OF EDWARD EVERETT 113. EAST TENNESSEE EKFU6EES .... lU. EAST TENNESSEE 115. THE AMERICAN UNION COMMISSION PORTRAIT OF DR. J. P. THOMPSON IIG. VIGNETTE in. THE RUINS OF CHAMBERSBURG . 118. THE UNION VOLUNTEER REFRESHMENT 1 SALOON i 119. THE COOPEU-SHOP REFRESHMENT SALOON 120. A REGIMENT AT DINNER .... 121. CITIZENS' UNION VOLUNTEER HOSPITAL 122. FIUE AMBULANCE 123. DRUM-STICKS OF TWO KINDS 124. A SOLDIER'S BILL OF FARE 125. BARRELLING APPLES FOR THE SOLDIERS 126. THE NATIONAL SAILORS' HOME . 127. ILLUSTRATED PROGRAMME .... 128. ONE REASON OUT OF FIFTY FOR A SAILORS' I HOME i 129. VIGNETTES: THE FARRAGUT FUND PORTR.ilT OF ADMIRAL FAREAGUT . Fenn . Shearman . WlLI. . Chapman . HopptN , NA8T . Fenn KngraVi'il hy N. Onit . RiCUAnDBO.N Kilmer BRionTLT Davis rage SCO . 863 . 066 . 866 871 . 874 IIlTClIOOCK Ricuabdson . 387 Will . . . . . 987 Nast . Davis 891 Fenn . . N. Ore . 400 Shearman. RirnAEDSON . 407 Will . . . 407 HOOAN N. Orr . 411 Fenn . " . . . 412 Herrick . . . 415 Fenn . " . . . 4IS Nast . Davis . 419 Hosier . . Rh^iiardson . 422 Cast HOEY 429 A. R. Wacd . . KiNGDON . . 431 IIOPPIN N. Orr . . . 437 Billings . FiLMER . 4.39 WlIITNET . N. Orr . 440 HOPPIN . . " To Face 444 Fenn . N. Oek . . 447 HiTcncocK . . Richardson . 450 Will . .. . 450 12 ILLUSTRATIONS. Ko, Sub-ject. 130. VIGNETTES : THE GRANT FUND . PORTRAIT OF GENERAL GRANT . 131. THE KEARSAUGE FUND .... PORTRAIT OF CAPTAIN WINSLOW 132. THE SHERMAN FOND PORTRAIT OF GENERAL SHERMAN 133. WOMEN WORKING IN THE FIELD . 134. THE PP.OCESSION OF THE SANITARY SACK . 135. NEVADA SCENERY 136. TEE GOLDEN CHICKEN OF MARYSVILLE . 137. GETTING IN HAY FOR A SOLDIERS WIFE 138. THE KEARNY CROSS .... 139. SUBSCRIBERS TO THE FUND FOR THE RELIEF | OF FAMILIES OF POLICE VOLUNTEERS f 140 TWENTY-INCH GUN 141. FITZ JAMES O'BRIEN 142. THE PATRIOT ORPHAN HOME AT FLUSHING 143. PA, WHAT ARE YOV GOING TO DOI 144. THE WIDOW AND ORPHAN 145. A TRIBUTE TO PRESIDENT LINCOLN 146 LETTERING 147. " . . .- De-xigned by Engraved by Page HiTcncocK . . N. Ore . 455 Will . . 455 Fenn . . ■' . . . . 45T Will . " . . . . . 457 Hitchcock . . . . . 459 Will . •■ . . . . . 459 Na8T . Davis . . . . 46i " . . FlLMER . 46t Il0WL-\ND . Richardson . 469 HuPPlN Brigutlv . . 472 Fe.v.n . N. Oek . 474 Lr.MLET ElCnARDSO.N . 475 Stephens . RlCDAEDSON . 477 Uerrick . N. Orr . . . . 479 A, n. Waid . Davis . . . . 480 Fexx . N. Ore . iU Howard . Richardson . 4s; Hexnessv . BoBBETT .S: Hooper . . 4S9 Nast . Davis To Fac ■E 492 Will . N. Ore . . . , 49:! 507 COJ^TENTS. CHAPTER I . pa<;e A Glance Backward. — Individual Aid Rendered to the Armies durino the War OF xnE Retolbtion, 15 CHAPTER II. Monet and Men, 20 CHAPTER III. The Earlier Aid Societies, 70 CHAPTER IV. The United States Sanitary Commission, 77 CHAPTER V. Aid Societies Auxiliary to the Sanitary Commission, Ill CHAPTER VI. Sanitary Fairs, 158 CHAPTER VII. The Western Sanitary Commission, 293 CHAPTER VIII. State Sanitary Commissions. — Local Relief Associations, 316 CHAPTER IX. The Christian Commission, 336 14 CONTENTS. CHAPTER X. PAGE The National Feeedmen's Relikf Associatiom, 366 CHAPTER XI. International Relief, 383 CHAPTER XII. Aid to East Tennessee, 387 CHAPTER XIII. The American Union Commission, 407 CHAPTER XIV. The Chambeesbueg and Savannah Relief Funds, 412 CHAPTER XV. Refreshment Saloons, Subsistence Committees, Soldiers' Homes, etc. — The Fire Ambulance Company of Puiladelpiiia, 41.5 CHAPTER XVI. A Tiianksgivino Dinner in tub Arm's and Navy, 431 CHAPTER XVII. The National Sailors' Home, 440 CHAPTER XVIII. Testimonials to DisTiNonisnED Commanders, ........ 4-50 CHAPTER XIX. Miscellanies : Various Methods of Procuring Means, and Various Methods of Applying Them, 461 CHAPTER XX. Summary, 403 Index 507 CHAPTEE I. A GLANCE BACKWARD. — INDIVIDUAL AID RENDERED TO THE ARMIES DURING THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. i ^ > 1« IT AT a, nation may feel the deepest sympathy with its army, assviredly was not left to the American rebellion to prove; but it certainly was reserved to our day to show how such sympathy may be rendered active and profitable. The troops of Hannibal and George HI. may have felt that the hearts and prayers of their countrymen were with them, but it is not likely they ever expected from them any other aid. The Eoman matron placed her jewels upon the altar, and witli this hasty sacrifice the service she could lend her country ended. The Carthaginian women cut off their hair and twisted it into bow-strings^an honorable act, but one that was perhaps as soon repented of as done, and which certainly could not be repeated often in a lifetime. In other wars, a man once wounded was as the beasts that perish. "Women have from time to time appeared upon the battle-field ; but their office was not to restore with oil or wine, but to release with rosary and crucifix. "Within 16 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. the last ten years we have seen a nation send forth an anny to be literally swept away by disease, and we have seen that one woman only, with her attendants, was drawn from her home to the hospital by the harrowing spectacle. Now, as Americans are said to do what their hands find to do in a manner always original and generally effective, as there is nothing they abhor so much as the beaten track, especially when that track is strewn with the bones of other nations' failures, it is the purpose of these pages to show that they have made war, as they have utilized peace, after a method peculiarly their own ; that those whom the army left at home have been its doctors, caterers, and ministers ; that almost every family which has suffered the son and brother to gird on the knapsack, has placed the needle and the scissors in the hands of the daughter and mother ; that had Florence Nightin- gale been an American, her name, honorable and saint-like though it be, would have been known but as one in a noble sisterhood ; and that the sacrifices made by those who have made them at all have not been the romantic impulse of a moment, but the sustained, j^atient labor of years ; not the abandonment of personal ornament alone, but the bidding farewell for a time to the comforts of home and the allurements of wealth. But, before entering upon this jiliasc of our history, a moment's retrospective glance at the War of the Eevolution, and a word or two upon the sympathy existing in "Washington's time between the anny and the people, will not be out of place. We shall find that the seeds of bounty and defence fund, of aid society and sanitary commission, were sown in a fruitful soil as early as 1776. Five or six years before this time, however, the women of the country had set the example of discouraging the importation of goods from abroad. Re- trenchment was naturally the first measure of preparation for the impending change in the condition of the colonies, and for the struggle by which it might be attended. The newspapers of the time were filled with incidents of the self denial of women ; and the following homely apjaeal to the ladies was evidently made by one of their sex : " First, then, tlirow nsi Je your topknots of pride, Wear none bnt your own country linen ; Of economy boast, let your pride be the most To show clothes of your own m.ake and spinning. " ^Vhat if homespun, they say, is not quite so gay As brocades, j'et be not in a passion ; For when once 'tis known this is much worn in tov\-n, One and all will cry out, 'tis the fashion ! RETRENCHMENT.— TEA-DKINKING. 17 "And as we all agree, tlmt you'll not married bo To such as will wear London factory, But at first sight refuse — tell 'em such you will choose As encourage our own manufactory." This allusion to what was the fashion in tlic cities, perhaps suits revolu- tionary times better than it does our own. The effect of appeals such as these, and of the resolve from wliieli they sprang, was marked, and has no counterpart in our day whatever; the imports of English goods into American ports decreased from £2,400,000 in 1768 to £1,600,000 in 1769. The records are unanimous in attributing this decline, thirty-three per cent, in one year, to the good sense, patriotism, and self-denial of the women. In a letter written by a lady of Philadelf)hia to a British ofi&cer in Boston, late in 1775, the following passage occurred: " I have retrenched every superfluous expense in my table and family ; tea I have not drunk since last Christmas, nor bought a new cap or gown since your defeat at Lexington ; and, what I never did before, I have learned to kiut, and am now making stockings of American wool for my servants ; and in this way do I throw in my mite to the public good. I know this, that as free I can die but once, but as a slave I shall not be worthy of life. I have the pleasure to assure you that these are the sentiments of all my sister Americans. They have sacrificed assemblies, parties of pleasure, tea-drinking, tinery, to that great spirit of patriotism that actuates all degrees of people throughout this extensive continent. If these are the sentiments of females, what must glow in the breasts of our husbands, brothers, and sons !" The selfishness of those who could not find it in their souls to abstain from any indulgence, was thus hit off in a communication to the Pennsylvaida Journal : "The Petition of divers Old Women of the City of PhiladeliDhia huml)ly showeth : That your petitioners, as well spinsters as married, having been long accustomed to the drinking of tea, fear it will be utterly impossible for them to exhibit so much patriotism as wholly to disuse it. Your petitioners beg leave to observe, that having done already all possible harm to their nerves and health with this delectable herb, they shall think it extremely hard not to enjoy it for the remainder of their lives. Your petitioners would further represent, that coffee and chocolate, or any other substitute hitherto proposed, they humbly apprehend, from their heaviness, must destroy that brilliancy of fancy and fluency of expression usually found at tea-tables, when they are handling the conduct or character of their absent acquaintances. 18 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Your petitioners are also informed there are several old women of the other sex laboring under the like difficulties, who apprehend the above restriction will be wholly insupportable ; and that it is a sacriiice infinitelj too great to be made to save the lives, liberties, and privileges of any country whatever. Your petitioners only pray for an indulgence to those spinsters whom age or ugliness has rendered desperate in the expectation of husbands ; to those of the married, whose infirmities and ill-ljehavior have made their husbands long since tired of them; and to those old women of the male gender who will most naturally be found in such company. And your petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray." Thus those who did drink tea were ridiculed, and the following lines show that those who did not were threatened : "O Boston wives and maids, draw near and see Our delicate Souchong and Hyson tea. Buy it, my charming pirls, fair, black, and brown ; If not, we'll cut your throats and burn your town." But something more than self-denial was now required. The follow- ing appeal was posted in the streets of Philadelphia on the 9th of August, 1775 : " To the spinners in this city, the suburbs, and country : Your services are now wanted to promote the American Manufactory, at the corner of Market and Ninth streets, where cotton, wool, flax, &c., are delivered out. Strangers, who apply, are desired to bring a few lines, by way of recom- mendation, from some respectable person in their neighborhood." Upon this appeal, the Pennsylvania Journal made the following com- ments : "One distinguishing characteristic of an excellent woman, as given by the wisest of men, is, ' That she seeketh wool and flax, and worketh willingly with iier hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff".' In this time of public distress, you have now, each of you, an opportunity not only to help to sustain your families, but likewise to cast your mite into the treasury of the public good. The most feeble effort to heljj to save the state from ruin, when it is all you can do, is, as the widow's mite, entitled to the same reward as they who, of their abundant abilities, have cast in much." The New York Gazette, of July 29th, 1776, chronicled the marriage of a Mr. Flint with a Miss Slate, declaring them to be an agreeable and happy pair, and added: VALLEY FORGE. 19 " What deserves the public notice, and may serve to encourage the manu- factures of this country, is, tliat the entertainment, though served up with good wine and other spirituous liquors, was the production of their fields and fruit-gardens, assisted alone by a neighboring grove of spontaneous maples. The bride and her two sisters appeared in very genteel-like gowns, and others of the family in handsome apparel, with sundry silk handkerchiefs, &c., entirely of their own manufacture." Smythe's Diary, of March 1st, 1777, contained the following squib : "A deserter from the rebel army at Westchester, who came into New York this morning, says that the Congress troops are suffering extremely for food and rum ; that thei-e is not a whole pair of breeches in the army ; and that the last news from Mr. Washington's camp was, that he hail to tie his up with strings, having parted with the buttons to buy the necessaries of life. At a frugal dinner lately given by the under officers in Heath's command, but seven were able to attend ; some for the want of clean linen, but the most of them from having none other than breeches past recovery." Washington's army retired, in the winter of 1777, to Valley Forge ; its sufferings here were so great that the Commander-in-Chief was forced to make a requisition upon the people for supplies and clothing. The neglect of some of the people of Jersey and Pennsylvania to furnish the portion required of them excited much comment. The New Jersey Gazette, of December 31st, contained the following suggestion, written by Governor William Livingston, and signed " Hortentius :" " I am afraid that while we are employed in furnishing our battalions with clothing, we forget the county of Bergen, which alone is sufficient amply to provide them with winter waistcoats and breeches, fi-om the redundance and supei-fluity of certain woollen habits, which are at present applied to no kind of use whatsoever. It is well known that the rural ladies in that part of New Jersey pride themselves in an incredible number of petticoats, which, like house furniture, are displayed by way of ostentation, for many years before they are decreed to invest the fair bodies of the proprietors. Till that period they are never worn, but neatly piled up on each side of an immense escritoire, the tojj of which is decorated with a most capacious brass-clasjied Bible, seldom read. What I would, therefore, humbly propose to our superiors is, to make prize of these future female habiliments, and, after proper transformation, immediately apply them to screen from the inclemencies of the weather those gallant males who are now fighting for the liberties of their country. And to clear this measure from every imputation of injustice, I have only to observe. 20 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. VALLEY FunyE. tbat the generality of women in that county having for above a century worn the breeches, it is highly reasonable that the men should now, and especially upon so important an occasion, make booty of the petticoats." The condition of Washington's army, in the winter of 1779-80, is thus described in "Thatcher's Journal," of January 1st: "The sufferings of the poor soldiers can scarcely be described; at niglit they have a bed of straw upon the ground, and a single blanket to each man ; they are badly clad, and some are destitute of shoes. The snow is from five to six feet deep, which so obstructs the roads as to prevent our receiving a supply of provisions. We are frequently for six or eight days destitute of AID FROM NEW JERSEY. 21 meat, and then as long without bread. It is well known that General Wash- ington experiences the greatest solicitude for his army, and is sensible that they in general conduct with heroic patience and fortitude. His Excellency, it is understood, despairing of supplies from the commissary-general, has made application to the magistrates of the State of New Jersey for assistance in procuring provisions. This expedient has been attended with the happiest success. It is honorable to the magistrates as well as to the people of Jersey that they have cheerfully complied with the requisition, and furnished for the present an ample supply, and have thus probably saved the army from destruction." The ladies of Trenton, New Jersey, met, in emulation of the example of other portions of the state, on the 4th of July, ITSO, for the purpose of promoting a subscription for the relief and encouragement of the Continental Army. Taking into consideration the scattered situation of the well disposed throughout the State, and for their convenience, they unanimously appointed Mi-s. Cox, Mrs. Dickinson, Mrs. Furman, and Miss Cadvvallader a committee, whose duty it should be immediately to open subscriptions, with ladies to be thereafter named, I'equesting their aid and influence in the several districts. Some fifty ladies were then chosen — such as Mrs. Counsellor Condict, Mrs. Colonel Scudder, Mrs. Parson Jones, Mrs. Peter Covenhoven, Mrs. Governor Livingston, Mrs. Doctor Burnet, Mrs. Colonel Hugg — " whose well known patriotism," said the gazette chronicling the movement, "leaves no room to doubt of their best exertions in a cause so humane and praiseworthy; and that tliey will be hapjiy in forwarding the amount of their several collections, either with or without the names of the donors, which will be immediately transmitted by Mrs. Moore Furman, who is hereby appointed treasurer, to be disposed of by the Commander-in-Chief according to the general plan." In November, 1780, the ladies of Philadelphia made a systematic effort in behalf of tlie army. An article published in the newspapers of the day, signed "An American Woman," exerted a powerful influence. From this appeal we take the following passage : " If I live happy in the midst of my family; if my husband cultivates his field and reaps his harvest in peace ; if, surrounded by my children, I myself nourish the youngest and press it to my bosom ; if the house in which we dwell, our farms, our orchards, are safe from the hands of the incendiary, it is to you, brave Americans, that we owe it. And shall we hesitate to evidence to you our gratitude? Shall we hesitate to wear a clothing more simple, hair dressed less elegantly, when, at the price of this small privation, we shall 22 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. deserve your benedictions? Who among us wiU not renounce with the highest i.)leasure those vain ornaments ? The time is arrived to display the same sentiments which animated us at the beginning of the Eevolution, when we renounced the use of teas, however agreeable to our taste, rather than receive them from our persecutors ; when our republican and laborious hands spun the flax and j^repared the linen intended for the use of the soldiers • when, exiles and fugitives, we supported with courage all the evils which are the concomitants of war. Let us not lose a moment ; let us all be engaged to otter the homage of our gratitude at the altar of military valor." LAUIKS c.F I'njLADELrillA WORKING FOR WASOINGTOX'S ARMY. The women of Philadelphia, assembling at this inspiring call, divided the city into districts, and then, apportioning the labor, visited every house and received its contribution. The total amount of these collections is given in the records of the time as $300,766, in currency. Those who could give supplies more conveniently than money did so, and one item of two thousand one hundred and seven shirts is mentioned as having been made AIT) FK()^[ PIITLADELrillA. 2:^ by nimble Philadelphia fingers. "Such free-will offerings," exclaimed the gallant Thatcher, "are examples truly worthy of imitation, and ought to be recorded to the honor of American ladies." The spirit of emulation was soon kindled in the neighboring State of Maryland. Mrs. Lee, wife of his Excellency the Governor, wrote to ladies residing in different portions of tlie state, begging them to act as treasurers in their respective districts. Baltimore soon responded with six hundred shirts, and the county of Dorset with thirty pounds in specie. Annapolis sent in over sixteen thousand dollars, some ladies giving two, some five, and some twenty guineas in coin. Here, plainly, is the suggestion of the Aid Society and Relief Association of ISGl. But, in spite of all that had been done, the army was in actual danger of ilissolution for want of provisions to keep it together. In this emergency, a number of patriotic gentlemen in Philadelphia signed bonds to the amount of two hundred and fifty thousand pounds, in coin, for procuring supplies. Food and clothing were thus obtained ; and it is perhaps not too much to say, that without this act of munificence American independence would not have been achieved. There is probably no other example in history of results so tremendous flowing from spontaneous, individual contributions to a cause. We give a portion of tlie names; and the reader will sec, as he progresses in the record of Philadelphia generosity, that the descendants of those who signed bonds in 17S0 have signed many similar papers in 1861-5 : Robert Morris £in,nnO B. McCleunigan 10,000 A. Bunner & Co 6,000 Zouch Francis 5,500 James Wilson 5,000 "Wm. Bingham 5,000 Rioliard Peters 5,000 Samuel Meredith 5,000 James Meare 5,000 Thomas Barclay 5,000 Samuel Morris, Jr 5,000 Robert Hooper .5,000 Hugh Sliields .5,000 Philip Moore 5,000 Matthew Irwin 5,000 .lohn Benzet 5,000 Henry Hill 5,000 •Tolm Morgan 5,000 Thomas Willing 5,000 Samuel Powell £5,000 John Nixson 5,000 Robert Bridge 4,000 •lohn Dunlap 4,000 Wm. Coates 4,000 Emanuel Eyre 4,000 James Bodden 4,000 John Mease . .'. 4,000 Joseph Carson 4,000 Thomas Leiper 4,000 Kean & Nichols 4,000 Samuel Morris 3,000 Isaac Moses 3,000 Chas. Thompson 3,000 John Pringle 3,000 Samuel Mills 3,000 Cad. Morris 2,500 M.att. Clark.son 2.500 Joseph Reed 2,000 24 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Beniamin Rush £2,000 Jolin Uiillock £2,000 OHtii Riddle 2,000 Twenty-seven subscriptions of Jdlm Mitc'hell 2,000 £2,000 each 54,000 R()l)ert Knox 2,000 Xine subscriptions of £1,000 Jobn AVliarton 2,000 each !) 000 Total £250,500 Notwithstanding this munificent tribute, and tlie momentous consequences it produced, encomiums seem to have been exclusively lavished upon the women, and General Washington led the chorus. In a letter of acknowledg- ment to a committee of ladies, he wrote : '• The army ought not to regret its sacrifices or its sufferings, when thev meet with so flattering a reward as in the sympathy of your sex ; nor can it fear that its interests will be neglected, wlien espoused by advocates as power- ful as they are amiable.'' An officer wrote fix)m camp : " The patriotism of the women of your city is a subject of conversation with the army. Had I poetical genius I would sit down and write an ode in praise of it. Burgoyne, who, on his first coming to America, boasted that he would dance with the ladies and coax the men into submission, must now have a better understanding of the good sense and public spirit of our females, as he has already had of the fortitude and inflexible temper of our men."' "It is needless," says the Pennsylvania Packet, " to repeat the encomiums that have been already given to the females for their exertions. Every Whig mind must be sensible that they deserve the highest praise. The women of every part of the globe are under obligations to those of America, for having sliown that females are capable of the highest political virtue. We cannot lielp imagining what some learned and elegant historian, the Hume of the future America, when he comes to write the affairs of these times, will say on the subject. In a history, which we may suppose to be publisbed about the year 1820, may be found a paragraph to the following pitrpose : " ' The treasury was now exhausted, and the army in want of the neces- saries of life and clothing, when the women gave a respite to our affairs by one of those exertions which will forever do honor to the sex. In the state of simplicity and plainness in which our country then was, they had not ear-rings and bracelets to give, in imitation of the Roman ladies on a like occasion ; but they presented gold and silver, and what share of the j^aper money had come into their hands. This was laid out in linens, and shirts were made by their hands for the use of the soldiery. PATRIOTISM OF WOMEN. 25 "'Mrs. Reed, of Pennsylvania, the lady of the then President, a most amiable woman, was the first to patronize the measure. Mrs. Lee, of Mary- land, lady of the Governor of that state, a woman of excellent accomplish- ments, was, in her state, the next to receive the patriotic flame and give it popularity among her sex. " ' Mrs. Washington, of Virginia, lady of his Excellency the Commander- in-Chief, was equally favoring to it in her state. The Jerseys had been already warmed by the example of the virtue of Pennsylvania, and the females of that state, &c., &c., &c.' " A verse or two from the lyrics of the day will fitly conclude this chain of panegyric : "OUR WOMEN. " Accept the tribute of our warmest praise, The soldier's blessing and the patriot's hays ! For Fame's first ])laudit we no more contest, Constrain'd to own it decks the female breast. " Then Freedom's ensign, thus inscrib'd, shall ware, ' The patriot females who their country save ;' Till time's abyss, absorb'd in heavenly lays, Shall flow in your eternity of praise." We have made these brief extracts from the chronicles of the day, tw show that, even thi-ee quarters of a century ago, the impoverished resources of the state were eked out from the means and jjurses of individuals ; and, descending from their time to ours, to provoke a comparison between what was done by the nation in its manhood and in its day of small things. CHAPTER II. MONEY AND MEN. THE FIRST SUB6CBIPT10N. ■^" HE majestic spectacle of a nation flying to arms was = Jii offered to the world in America, in the month of April, 1861, under unusual conditions. Yast as was the ex- panse of territory involved in the question at issue, widely separated as were the points that were called upon to bear their share of the common burden and to offer up their sacrifices upon a common altar, all sense of time and distance, all waiting for the effect to follow the cause, were lost or forgotten in the operations of an invention, which, though no longer a novelty or a marvel, had never played such a part before. Stage-coaches carried the lingering mail that apprised the Americans of 1775 of the injustice and oppression of the mother country ; while the Massachusetts militia were fighting at Lexington, AN ARMY IN RESERVE. 27 the citizens of Philadelphia were deprecating bloodshed. Forty years later, a sanguinary battle was fought after jjeace was declared, and men heard first of the fight or the treaty, according as they were nearer to New Orleans or New York. But in 1801 the telegraph brought the whole country into presence, and the nation stood forth, literally, acting as one man, and visible, incarnated in one thought, before itself and in the gaze of all mankind. Vil- lages in the heart of the land counted the guns as they were fired at Sumter, and the burning of the barracks was lamented in the valleys and in the mountains, not as a calamity of yesterday, but as a sore distress of to-day. The newspapers of the 15th of April were no local chronicles ; true, the Moss- side Gazette told what was thought and done at Moss-side, but it also told what had been lost at Charleston, what had been sworn at the capital, who had enlisted in Bath, and what was pledged in Hull, how the glove dropped on Sullivan's Island had been picked up by the Briarean. arm of twenty states, how the New England village, the prairie settlement, and the Atlantic seaport had severally welcomed the ordeal. As if a mirage had lifted the regions below the horizon into sight, and they had been set upon a hill that the whole people might see them, so did the electric wire, summoning an audience of the country, set before it, from the sea to the Father of Waters, the brief story of treason ; the whole people were warned of the now accomplished rebellion, while the mail of other days would have travelled a league. With but one phase of the splendid unanimity which was the character- istic of the times, we have, in these chronicles, to deal. Others will narrate the terrible story of those who went to the wars ; it is our humble province to collect the less stirring records of those who stayed behind. We shall have to show that, in spite of all denials on the part of merely military men, there was, in reality, an army in reserve : and that this army, though not furnishing re-enforcements, precisely, provided what was often as good — aid, comfort, succor, sympathy ; joining faith with works, it labored and prayed. The im- pulse that sent one man into the ranks, was essentially the same as that impelling another who could not go to aid those who did. All were alike drawn to make some sacrifice, one of his person, perhaps his life, another of his goods, perhaps his hoards. Here and there a man able to go was also able to give ; witness the Rhode Island millionaire, who enlisted as a private and paid the outfit of his comrades ; witness the Connecticut farmers, who not only went themselves, but took their hired men with them. That the two impulses were the same is shown conclusively by the course of events in California. The distance of that state from the scene, and the consequent expense of 28 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. transportation incapacitating her from furnishing soldiers, it would be reason- able to expect her to assume a double share of the voluntary burden, and this is precisely what she has done. Furnishing few men, she has provided money ; not being called upon for the muscle, she has sent the sinews, of war. We do not mean to impugn the generosity or liberal public spirit of the people of California — far from it : we only mean that having but one vent for her pent-up wratli, that one outlet has given her as much relief as if she had had two, and had used them both. Called upon for no quota, she has sent, or will send, if asked, a quantum sufficit. Had she been summoned to furnish thirty thousand men, her bounty would have found other channels than those in which it has flowed. Therefore, the two actions are one, and this record of what they did who stayed behind, is twin to that of those who shouldered the musket. Leaving to be considered in another place all movements looking to the preservation of health in the army, and the proper treatment of the sick, we examine here the other two phases of the voluntary action of the people — the effort to promote enlistments, and the measures taken to aid the families of volunteers. The city of Lowell, Massachusetts, claims to have set so many honorable examples to the country in the month of April, 1861, that it is well to consider them in this connection. The following things it is asserted that Lowell was the first to do : the first to send forth a regiment to the defence of Washington ; the first to shed the blood of traitors who sought to bar the way ; the first to offer a sacrifice of her sons upon the altar of the country ; the first to set on foot individual subscriptions in behalf of the soldiers ; the first to form a Soldiers' Aid Society, and the first to hold a Sanitary Fair. It would be glory enough for Lowell if she could substantiate her claim to but one of these honorable positions ; but against her holding all six of them, Charlestown and New York enter a formal protest. That the Massachusetts Sixth, a Lowell regiment, was the first in the field, and that in its collision with the mob in Baltimore the first blood on either side was spilled, are mat- ters of history ; that Lowell held a Sanitary Fair as early as January, 1863, can be readily shown ; but the other two claims are not so easily justified. What is urged in their defence may be briefly stated thus : The President's requisition for troops reached Lowell on the afternoon of the 15th of April, and the next morning, at nine o'clock, the companies com- posing the Sixth Eegiment began to ai-rive at the station. A public meeting of citizens was held, and the troops were addressed by Mayor Sargeant and others. The regiment left at noon for Boston. Two days after, on the 18th, WHO WAS FIRST? 29 Judge Crosby, a distinguished resident of the city, fearing that, through haste and inexperience, the men would find many of their necessary wants unsup- plied, sent a note to the mayor, inclosing his check for one hundred dollars, with a request that the money might be at once sent to the paymaster, for the account of the regiment. Judge Crosby also suggested the formation of a society " to furnish paymasters with money and such supplies for the sick and wounded in camp as rations and medicine-chests cannot provide." The mayor laid the matter before the City Council that evening, and took up a subscription as suggested — five hundred dollars, besides Judge Crosby's one hundred, being thus obtained. This was the ISth, and tliis is Lowell's claim. Unfortunately — or rather fortunately, that the City of Spindles may not mo- nopolize the honors — a subscription started to set the Seventh New York promptly in the field, on the 17th, stood thus at nightfall, and was afterwards increased; NATIONAL GUARD. Tlie undersigned agree to p.ay tlio sums set opposite our names for tlie Seventh Regi- ment, to enable them to place themselves in the position of service and defence : Robert B. Minturn |100 C. R. Robert 100 Royal Phelps 100 Charles H. Russell 100 W. D. F. Manice 100 George W. Blunt 100 James II. Titus 100 ■William Curtis Noyes 100 Shepherd Knapp 100 Charles H. Marshall 100 A. V. Stout 100 S. Wetmore 100 R. M. Blatchford 100 Thomas Addis Emmett 100 John A. C. Gray 100 $3,100 Moses n. Grinuell George B. De Forest 100 L. B. Cannon 100 E. Minturn 100 S. B. Chittenden 100 Moses Taylor 100 Theodore Dehon 100 Ogden Haggerty 100 Wm. M. Evarts 100 G. S. Robbins 100 George Griswold 100 John A. Stevens 100 James Gallatin 100 E. Walker & Sons 100 H.E.Durham 100 Hamilton Fish 100 Total A careful examination of all the facts would seem to show that the above was indeed the first subscription list in point of date, to which the rebellion gave birth ; and if the names, as printed, are in the order in which they were signed, as they doubtless are, the interesting question of priority is easUy settled. In respect to the claim of Lowell, that the first Soldiers' Aid Society was organized in that city, it may be merely stated here, leaving the details to a 30 THE TRIBUTE BOOK fatui-e chapter, that the Bunker Hill Society of Charlestown also makes the claim, and, we think, with stronger proofs. It was in this manner that the voluntary giving of money commenced. To put the troops in the field was of course the first necessity, and as money was needed immediately, money given was more useful than money appropriated. Within ten days from the President's call, nearly every town in the loyal states had held its public meeting and had set on foot a war fund, raised by private contributions. Large sums were voted by legislatures, councils, and other representative bodies ; but the sums which form our subject were those which were freely given, beyond and outside of all appropriations. Sums appropriated have been, or are to be, refunded by the government, and thus go to swell the national debt ; of those considered here the givers desire no re- imbursement. The President had called for seventy-five thousand men, to serve for three months, and these were to consist of the militia organizations already in exist- ence. Few of them were full, but each was a nucleus upon which to build the minimum or maximum. The first expenses to be met were those con- nected with recruiting, while the wants of the newly enlisted men — often five hundi-ed in a regiment — required large sums to meet them. Many recruits, especially in city regiments, found their own outfits ; those unable to do so, and who had nothing to give but their services, found in the regimental fund the means of obtaining the proper clothing and accessories. In the country, where a regimental district oflen sent but one regiment, the bounty of the people could follow but one channel ; but in the cities, where several regiments were to be fitted out,. each giver could choose what direction his gift should take ; a patron of the Fifth would subscribe to the fund of the Fifth, while he whose sympathies were with the Eighth would signify it by his acts ; those who had no preference and looked upon all alike, aided all alike, if Providence had but blessed their store. The Frenchman resident in New York would naturally, if he had either sympathy or specie to spare, bestow them upon the Fifty-fifth. The Irishman's interest, as well as his offering, would be the portion of the Sixty-ninth ; and the canny Scotchman, opening his purse and his heart to the Highlanders, would endow the Seventy-ninth. Rivalry and favoritism played a useful part, and many city regiments, their subscription fund well filled, departed with a muster-roll correspondingly replete. The whole country gave heartily, lavishly, and, what is better, sufiiciently ; as long as money was wanted, it was readily obtained ; and when the three months' regiments were dispatched, and the raising of others to serve for two and three THE EAELY OFFERINGS. 31 years was commenced, the country still gave, not with diminished, but with augmented zeal; and while legislators appropriated and select-men taxed, private citizens plied check-book and purse as cheerily as ever, and soldiers' money was always to be had for the asldng. Those who could not give money, made contributions in kind. Here a dealer in tinware offered to equip a company or two with cup and plate ; there an artificer in leather proposed to furnish visors, straps, and belts for a cer- tain number of suits. A Jersey City patriot, Mr. Jesse Wandel, gave a meal to ninety -three horses of Ehode Island artillery and made no charge. Trades- men persuaded their clerks to enlist, promising to continue their salary and keep their places. The owners of large unoccupied buildings besought regi- ments to use them as drill-rooms and to pay no rent. Dealers in mattresses furnished bedding ; manufacturers of the weed supplied tobacco for regimental and company use ; druggists contributed of their stock to medicine-chest and surgical table. Mr. J. W. Farmer, of New York, spread his famous Ludlow- street board for men in uniform ; he afterwards sent a ton of sugar-plums to Fortress Monroe, and gave the garrison a spoonful each. Later, again, he distributed thirty barrels of tobacco to the army of Virginia. A gentleman of Providence destroyed a lately purchased ticket for Liverpool, saying he would see a little more of the southern portion of his own country before visiting the south of Europe. A clergyman resigned his charge to become chaplain of a regiment ; the congregation refused the resignation, gave their pastor a furlough, supplied his place, continued his salary, and presented him with one hundred dollars for his outfit. Aid was thus rendered in methods sometimes simple, often ingenious and indirect. So much was done under the rose, so much was a matter of private agreement between those who aided others and those who were so aided, so much has been forgotten and so little was ever recorded, that it is quite impossible to say, at this day, what amount these private subscriptions reached. Such estimates as have been made will appear in the general tabular views at the close of the volume. The practice of recruiting by regiments having fallen into disuse of late, it may not be clearly remembered by all in what way ready money was essential during the first two years of the war. The government, which now takes each individual recruit as he enlists, imiforms him at once, and makes what instant disposition of him it chooses, had previously received men from the states by regiments, mustering them in by companies when filled to the minimum. Young men seeking a lieutenant's commission were obliged to raise a certain number of men, and the moment they had secured a single 32 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. recruit, their expenses began, for the recruit looked to tliem for lodging and subsistence. A captain, and the lieutenants under him, were compelled to support their company till it numbered eighty-four men ; then the govern- ment mustered them in, and became responsible for them. There were many other casual, but constant, calls for money, though this was by far the most urgent Many officers thus spent all their means ; others, who have since proved their value, possessing no property, would have been lost to the ser- vice had it not been for the war funds raised by subscription throughout thft land. One of the most remarkable and useful of these was the fund raised in New York, and intrusted to a body of men known as the Union Defence Committee. Although the principal labor of this committee was the disburs- ing of a million of dollars appropriated by the city of New York, yet a large sum was also raised by subscrijjtion, and the two were merged together. The history of one portion of this fund is therefore the history of both. The origin of the Union Defence Committee was in this wise : A mass meeting of the citizens of New York had been convened in Union Square on Saturday, the 20th of April. The Massachusetts Sixth had made its bloody passage through Baltimore the day before ; the Seventh New York was on its way from Philadelphia to Annapolis ; the Massachusetts Eighth was on the eve of leaving Boston. These were but as drops in the sea, and it was considered imperatively necessary to dispatch ten thousand men, if possible, during the coming week. Some means must be taken to collect, equip, and forward these men ; concerted and united action was indispensable. A committee was therefore appointed, consisting originally of twenty-six, and subsequently of thirty-two members. The resolutions adopted stated the duty of this committee to be " to represent the citizens in the collection of funds, and the transaction of such other business in aid of the movements of the government as the public interest may require." It is apparent from this that the business of the committee, as viewed at the outset, was merely the dis- bursement of money raised by subscription ; but, as has been said, the city appropriation was also intrusted to their management The committee was organized as follows : John A. Dix, Chairman, Charles H. Marshall, Simeon Draper, Vice-CKn, Robert H. McCurdy, William M. Evakts, Secretary, Moses H. Grinnell, Theodore Dehon, Treasurer, Royal Phelps, Moses Taylor, Wm. E. Dodge, THE UNION DEFENCE FUND. SH Richard M. Blatchforu, Greene C. Bronson, Edwards Pierrepont, Hamilton Fish, Ales. T. Stewart, Wm. F. Havemeyer, Samuel Sloan, Charles H. Russell, John Jacob Astor, Jr., Jas. T. Brady, John J. Cisco, Rudolph A. Wittiiaus, Jas. S. Wadsworth, Abiel A. Low, Isaac Bell, Prosper M. Wetmore, James Boorman, A. C. Richards, The Mayor of the City of New York, The Comptroller of the City of New York, The President of the Board of Aldermen, The President of the Board of Councilmen. The subscriptions received on the first working day, Monday, the 22d, were nearly $35,000 ; additions were constantly made to the fund till it reached hard upon $180,000. The committee held forty-eight meetings in the first twenty-nine days ; and at tlie close of the year had assisted, in a greater or less degree, in placing sixty-six regiments in the field. This is not the place, nor has the time yet come, to attempt to estimate the services rendered the country by this committee. Their own claim may be safeh' granted, that they placed an army in the field, equipped for the defence of the nation, in a shorter space of time, and with less expenditure of money, than, so far as any record shows, had ever before been accomplished Ijy any govern- ment, no matter how great its power, liow abundant its resources, or how urgent its call to action. In due time more than this will probably appear: that to the energy of this committee, and to the intrejiidity with which, in one pressing strait, they cut through forms and circumlocution, the countiy is indebted for the safety of Washington, and for tlio preservation of our most important stronghold, Fortress Monroe. The list of subscribers to the Hnion Defence Fund being one of tlie nuist interesting of the war, we make no apology for introducing it here : THE T:XI0X defence fund, APRIL ANT) MAY, ISfii. Wm. 15. Astor $15,000 00 .James Gordon Bennett $.3,000 00 Alexander T. Stewart 10,000 00 P. Lorillard 3,000 00 James Lenox 5,000 00 W. W. Do Forest .'!,000 00 Proceeds of a sale of pictures . . 4,498 00 .John D. Wolfe 2.000 00 Benkard & LTutton 3,000 00 N. Y. Mutual Insurance Co 2,000 00 3 34 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Third Avenue RaOroad Com- pany, by "W. A. Darling, President $2,000 00 Grinnell, Minturn & Co 2,000 00 Brown, Brothers & Co 2,000 00 Charles II. Marshall 2,000 00 .'lielps. Dodge & Co 2,000 00 IIo whind & Aspinwall 2,000 00 Hamilton Fish 1,500 00 John Bridge 1,500 00 Peter Cooper 1,500 00 James Boorman 1,000 00 A. A. Low 1,000 00 Col. Larned 1,000 00 F. Bronson 1,000 00 A. Lselin & Co 1,000 00 Sturges, Bennet & Co 1,000 00 Alsop & Chauncey 1,000 00 Koosevelt & Son 1,000 00 N. Y. Steam Sugar Refining Co . 1,000 00 August Belmont «& Co 1,000 00 George Griswold, Jr 1,000 00 J. N. A. Griswold 1,000 00 A. A. Low & Brothers 1,000 00 Maitland, Phelps & Co 1,000 00 Hoyt, Spragues & Co 1,000 00 Chas. R. Snyder 1,000 00 Ilendrieks & Brotliers 1,000 00 H. C. De Rham 1,000 00 J. F. D. Lanier 1,000 00 Meigs & Greenleaf 1,000 00 J. Boorman Johnston & Co 1,000 00 Goodhue & Co 1.000 00 Saml. Wetmore - 1,000 00 New York Tribune Association 1,000 00 R. L. Lord 1,000 00 G. S. Bobbins & Sons 1,000 00 Joseph Sampson 1,000 00 John & D. Jackson Steward. . . 1,000 00 Robert Bayard 1,000 00 W. Proctor 1,000 00 New York and Sandy Ilook Pilots 1,000 00 Tradesmen's Bank, by R. Perry, President 1,000 00 Eli White 1,000 00 J. E. "Woolsey 1,000 00 John Caswell & Co 1,000 00 Alex. Duncan 1,000 00 Duncan, Sherman & Co 1,000 00 E. G. & T. H. Fade 1,000 00 Naylor & Co 1,000 00 Lorillard Spencer $1,000 00 Wm. C. Rhinelander 1,000 00 "Wm. Watson & Co 1,000 00 Charles R. Lynde 1,000 00 Wm. A. Booth 800 00 Thomas Suffern V50 00 Fred. A. Benjamin 500 00 Walden Pell 500 00 D. & A. C. Kingsland 500 00 Wm. B. Crosby 500 00 A. P. Pillot & Son 500 00 Benedict, Burr & Benedict 500 00 R. R. Graves & Co 500 00 Olyphant & Co., of Canton, Ciiina 500 00 John Allen, Jr., President West- ern Transportation Co., Buf- falo 500 00 Sullivan, Randolph & Budd. ... 500 00 Marcuse & Baltzer 500 00 Benjamin Aymar 500 00 Aymar & Co 500 00 Edward Banker 500 00 John Munroe & Co 500 00 Degen & Taft 500 00 Japhet Bishop 500 00 R. Iloe & Co 500 00 Penfold & Schuyler 500 00 Oliver Charlick 500 00 Cluirles Easton 500 00 C. F. Dambmann & Co 500 00 Cady & Smales 500 00 P. M. Lydig 500 00 Alex. Van Rensselaer 500 00 William Whitlock, Jr 500 00 William C. Schermerhorn 500 00 John Jones Schermerhorn 500 00 Bogert & Kneeland 500 00 Theodore Dehon 500 00 A. C. Richards 500 00 Benj. R. Winthrop 500 00 H. W. T. Mali 500 00 Tucker, Cooper & Co 500 00 J.J. Phelps 500 00 S. B. Chittenden 500 00 D. n. Haight 500 00 Spaulding, Vail. Hunt & Co.. . . 500 00 A. II. Ward 500 00 C. & R. Poillon 500 00 Ilaggerty & Co 500 00 Furman & Co 500 00 James K. Pell 500 00 THE UNION DEFENCE FUND. 35 E. Pavenstedt & Co $500 00 A. R. Eno 500 00 Miss Selena Hendricks 500 00 Troost, Schroder & Co 500 00 Hazard Powder Company 500 00 Schepeler & Co 500 00 J. H. Frerichs & Co 500 00 Murphy & Smith 500 00 Peter Goelet 500 00 Ilavemeyer, Townsend & Co. . . 500 00 Wallack's Tlieatre, jjroceeds of a benefit 361 75 Mrs. Mears Burkliardt, proceeds of a concert :!50 00 Laura Keene's Tlieatre, i)roceeds of a benefit 310 00 Thomas G. Ilodgkins 300 00 Gary & Co 300 00 Thomas N. Dale & Co 300 00 Janes, Fowler, Kirtland & Co. . 300 00 I. C. Whitmore 300 00 John Penfold 300 00 John A. King 250 00 Bucklin & Crane 250 00 J. Butler Wright 250 00 Fabbri & Chauncey 250 00 A. M. White 250 00 Munn & Co 250 00 P. M. Suydam 250 00 H. S. & C. P. Leverich 250 00 Coolidge & Young 250 00 E. Caylus, De Pvuyter & Co. . . 250 00 Chas. H. Pvogers 250 00 R. S. Clark 250 00 Clark, Pardee, Bates & Co 250 00 D. T. Lanman & Kemp 250 00 Richard Lathers 250 00 Robert Goelet 250 00 Wm. B. Isham & Gallup 250 00 Thomas Otis Leroy & Co 250 00 Jacob Leroy 250 00 Robert Ray 250 00 Archer & Bull 250 00 Jacob Harseu 250 00 Mrs. John Suydam 250 00 Lemoyne & Bell 250 00 Oilman, Son & Co 250 00 Olyphant's Son & Co 250 00 Wilson G. Hunt 250 00 Ninth Regiment 250 00 Pacific Bank 250 00 Wm. A. Freeborn & Co 250 00 Walsh, Coulter & Co |250 00 Geo. S. Stephenson & Co 250 00 Henry Delafield 250 00 Mrs. Susan U. Parish 250 00 John A. Robinson 250 00 Baton, Stewart & Co 250 00 A. Humbert 250 00 Benj. Stephens 250 00 J. & L. Tuckerman 250 00 Schenck, Rutherford & Co 250 00 John Q. Aymar 250 00 H. Meigs, Jr., & Smith 250 00 E. B. Clayton's Sons 250 00 George 0. Ward 250 00 Barclay & Livingston 250 00 William Wood 250 00 Valentine G. Hall 250 00 J. J. Meriam 250 00 William Menzies 250 00 Menzies, Viele & Mather 250 00 M. P. Read 250 00 John C. White 250 00 Fox & Lingard, New Bowery Theatre 205 00 W. H. Russell 200 00 Henry Lawrence 200 00 Pier.son & Co 200 00 M. Van Schaick 200 00 T. C. Baring 200 00 Joseph Foulke's Sons 200 00 F. Cottenet 200 00 D. L. Suydam 200 00 Thomas N. Lawrence 200 00 William K. Strong & Co 200 00 Edward Cooper 200 00 A. Hall 200 00 Gabriel Mead 200 00 J.D.Jones 200 00 A. Bininger & Co 200 00 .Tohn M. Dodd 200 00 R. A. & G. H. Witthaus 200 00 E. E. Morgan 200 00 White & Sheffield 200 00 J. Woodward Haven 200 00 Tomes, Son & Melvain 200 00 H. M. Schieffeliu 200 00 Beebe & Brother 200 00 Mulford Martin 200 00 Earl, Bartholomew & Co 200 00 John Haggerty 200 00 W. H. H. Moore 200 00 Dutilh &Co 150 00 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Richard Mortimer $150 00 II. L. Routh & Son? 150 00 Smith & Lawrence 1 50 00 Philip Hone 150 00 Weaver, Richardson & Co 150 00 George Forrester 125 00 S. T. Nicfill 100 00 Robert Carnley 100 00 T. O. Fowler 100 00 Jolin C. Tucker 100 00 .T. Hutchinson 100 00 Francis Sjieir 100 00 James R. Steers 100 00 James Williamson & Co 100 00 Samuel Marsh 100 00 George Bell 100 00 Calvin Huntington 100 00 Arthur N. Girtord 100 00 Fred. M. Maas & Co 100 00 Ridley Watts 100 00 Uriah J. Smith 100 00 P. I. Nevius & Sons 100 00 C. Heydecker 100 00 Abner H. Beers 100 00 Francis Alexandre 100 00 Edward Delafield, M. 1) 100 00 Newbold Edgar 100 00 Archibald Russell 100 00 Nathan II. Hall 100 00 T. W. Moore 100 00 Lewis M. Rutherford 100 00 Rutherford Stuyvesant 100 00 Hopkins & Co 100 00 James N. Cobb 100 00 Edward X. Kent 100 00 N. Ludlum 100 00 R. M.Hunt 100 00 Woodruff& Co 100 00 Ward, Campbell & Co 100 00 Wm. Mackay 100 00 Karalah, Saner & Co 100 00 Edward II. Ln Uf OLD." only from liberty-pole, flag-staff, and casement, not only from ropes and halliards, but from steeple, spire, and belfry. "We will take our glorious flag," said Bishop Simpson, "and nail it just below the cross. That is high enough ! There let it wave, as it waved of old. First Christ, then our country !" The streets were gorgeous with the loyal colors ; and when the wind blew at right angles with the grand thoroughfares of the larger cities, the sky seemed heavy with massive red and blue, and stars could be seen at 44 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. mid-day. Before the rebellion there were not ten flag-staffs upon private edifices in Broadway ; by the first of June there were hundreds. The flag manufacturers were overrun, and though they doubled and trebled their prices, there was no diminution in the demand. When bunting gave out, pongee, China silk, and finally cotton were used. What recruiting officers those starry banners were! They rendered better service than provost-marshals have since. Mr. Thomas W. Davidson, a rigger by trade, who believed that no lieight was too lofty to bear the stars and stripes, raised the flag upon the pinnacle of Trinity and St. Paul's, apparently at the imminent risk of his life, and offered to do as much fur any church, gratis. William O'Donnell and Charles McLaughlin, painters, clambered up Grace Church lightning-rod, fastened a staff to the stem of the cross, threw out the flag, and raised their hats to the crowd below. There have been few open air spectacles more beautiful than the display of the national colors in the cities, on two widely dissimilar occasions : when Sumter was lost, and when it was recovered. There may be a certain beauty, fantastic and weird, in a feast of lanterns ; but there is more than beauty, there is grandeur, inspiration, sublimity, in a carnival of flags. Serious undertaking though it be to regale a regiment of soldiers, men and women have been found, or were found in the earlier times, to attempt it, yea, and to succeed in it. Two instances must suffice : that of a New York regiment treated to clams, and that of a distribution of doughnuts among the men of the Third Maine. Clams and colors ! This was the bill of fare drawn up and paid for by an ingenious gentlemen who lived upon the sea-coast. A state and regimental flag and thirty thousand clams ! Clams in such aggregates as this suggest appalling reflections ; but they are singularly modified by distribution and subdivision, and there remains but the lesser question of individual digestion. But the leavings ! Sixty thousand clam-shells ! Memories of Aristides and ostracism heave up out of the mists of other days, and we wonder whether the majority against The Just was any thing like this. Then we ask ourselves if ostracizing a just man is in any wise different from nominating to office, and then defeating, a good man. Should Aristides be proposed as aldennan in New York, could he be elected ? Is it not likely that he was merely an early victim to universal sufEi-age ? And what right have we to contemn the Greek method of utilizing oyster-shells, when it is plain we should put the clam-shell to the same use if the paper-mills should stop ? Clams upon the coast, doughnuts on the plain. The ladies of Augusta summoned the men of the Third Maine to a festival, pi'omising fifty bushels DOUGHNUTS FOR A REGIMENT. 45 ^ 1 ' .1 \ r — I'm .WJ. "^ 6r r- THE LADIES OF AFGTTSTA TREATING THE THIRD MAINE TO DOUGHNUTS. of doughnuts. The cooks and housewives of the city had for days been elaborating the viscous compound, and it appeared upon the field at the appointed hour, cut into lengths and twisted into shapes, conveyed in baskets by persons wlio had not yet been pronounced contraband of war. The soldiers, drawn up in hollow square — how apt is this word hollow, when applied to men who have fasted in view of promised doughnuts ! — received the proces- sion, which consisted of music, then tlie ladies, then the doughnuts. After certain ceremonies, the ranks were broken, and the martial, civic, and contra- band elements blended in pleasing harmony. Eye-witnesses have given us glimpses of the scene. It is true, they say, that there were a few human beings, houses,, and quadrupeds, which might have been remarked, but the principal feature of the landscape was doughnuts. Never was such an aggregate seen since the world began. The circumambient air was redolent of doughnuts ; every breeze sighed doughnuts ; the soldiers ate doughnuts, the ladies laughed doughnuts, the distributors cried doughnuts. There was the molasses doughnut and the sugar doughnut, the round doughnut and the square doughnut, the single-twisted doughnut and the three-ply doughnut, the light-riz doughnut and the hard-kneaded doughnut. Doughnuts niled the camp, if not the court and the grove. As those who lived upon short 46 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. commons sighed for the flesh-pots, so, doubtless, douglmuts were remembered with longings in the days of hard tack. One instance of another sort must answer for hundreds. Lieutenant York, of Duryea's Zouaves, lost his sword in an early skirmish ; and by " lost" it is meant that a grape-shot struck it, broke the scabbard in halves, bent the sword, and cut out a piece of the blade. Lieutenant York sent the remnant home to his son, who exhil)ited it to his father's colleagues of the bar, in the Superior Court room in New York. Of course a subscription was the imme- diate I'esult, no one being allowed to contribute more than two dollars. When the new sword was purchased, it was found that money still remained, so a carbine was added, and after that a field-glass. The outfit of thousands of officers — their swords, their saddles, their horses — were paid for by coteries of admiring friends, or by appeals to an indulgent and sympathizing public. The artists of New York put their loyalty on record at an early date. Several of their number had either left the city with their regiments or had joined regi- ments in order to leave. Those who remained clubbed together to collect a gallery of pictures, over which Mr. Leeds should brandish his hammer — driving imaginary nails on which to hang the pictures when patriots had bought them. One hundred and thirteen pictures were contributed, and if they had brought two dollars more than they did, the result would have been a round $5,000. We give a specimen from the catalogue, premising that what is omitted from this book, in this case as in others, is every whit as good as that which is told : after all we can say or do, we shall have given but a sample, a taste, a glimpse. Our digestion could not bear a full feast, nor our eyes the full glare : Moonliglit on the Grand Men.-iu Wm. Hart $100 00 Black Your Boots, Sir -J. O. B. Inmau 45 00 Swiss Mountains Casilear 8.5 00 Niagara Gignoux 160 00 Reflection Beard 60 00 Soutli Pass, Rocky Mountains Bierstadt 50 00 Cuniican Sibyl Lang 100 00 Homeward through the Stream A. F. Bellows 140 00 A Foxy Morning Eastman Johusnn 105 00 Landscape Kensett 105 00 Stream J. M. Hart 80 00 Paolina H. P. Gray 80 00 Happy Suinmer Time G. A. Baker 150 00 Old Mill MoEntee 47 50 Study Durand 110 00 Beatrice Huntington 115 00 The Life Boat Warren 60 00 Death of Scipio Darley 75 00 THE MISSOURI FUND. 47 New York set the example, in May, of aiding, by levies of money, the efforts of patriots a thousand miles away. The situation of Missouri was so anomalous, the condition of Union men there so distressing, that assistance from without was indispensable to enable them to fulfil their duty as loyal inhabitants of a loyal state. Mr. Frank P. Blair asked the assistance of New York to enable Mm to equip a regiment of Missouri volunteers ; Mr. Isaa<^ Sherman would receive subscriptions and administer the fund. In a month's time the account stood thus, and was finally closed : Friends of Missouri, through James MeKaye $1,000 I. Sherman 1,000 Royal Phelps 500 August Belmont 500 Geo. Griswohl, Jr 500 J. N. A. GriswoUl 500 James Lenox 500 Mr. Aspinwall ] Mr. "Whitewright I 500 Mr. Iloadley \ Sherman & Romaine 400 Brown Brotliers & Co 250 James Meinell , 250 Sandy Hook Pilots 250 Great Western Ins. Co 250 Smith & Dimon 200 Samuel Wetmore 100 Meigs & Greenleaf" 100 J. D. Jones $100 F. G. Shaw 100 Goodhue & Co 100 J. F. Butterwortli 100 R. P. Buck & Co 100 D. Dows & Co 100 C. IT. Marshall & Co 100 Benj. B. Sherman 100 Duncan, Sherman & Co 100 W. H. Peckham 100 "Western Transportation Co 100 A. Iselin efe Co 100 Seligman & Stettheimer 100 Joseph Battell 100 Ephraim Treadwell's Sons 100 Grinnell, Minturn & Co 100 Benkard & Hutton 100 All otliers fi,230 Ckithing 1.55 Total $14,885 Somewhat later, when a foothold was obtained upon the coast of Nortli Carolina by the capture of Fort Hatteras, the inhabitants of the redeemed district were found to be in need, and a North Carolina Aid Association solicited money to be spent in their relief Ten thousand dollars were obtained for this purpose in New York. When Colonel Stetson, of the Astor House, New York, was asked for his bill for the entertainment of regiments from Massachusetts, he sent this mes- sage to Governor Andrew : "The Astor House makes no charge for feeding Massachusetts troops." The Americans in Paris no sooner heard of the events in Charleston Harbor than they convened to concert measures in aid of the government. The first form given to the assistance offered was coin; the second, artillery. It was thought that cannon were more needed at home than any other weapons 48 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. of offence, and accordingly two Wbitworth guns were in due time dispatched. These were mounted first upon Federal Hill, Baltimore, and afterwards in Fort Ellsworth, Alexandria. The following was the paper, as drawn up and signed in Paris in May, 1861 : We, the undersigned, hereby agree to purpose of purchasing rifled cannon to be the laws and upholding tlie Constitution and John J. Ridgeway fi-s. 2,500 Robert Sturgis 2,500 Francis Warden 2,000 ifessrs. Cranch, Dana & May, eacli a picture, 500 frs 1,500 A. E. Borie 1,000 Henry Woods 1,000 Dr. Thomas W. Evans 1,000 Mrs. Dudley Selden 1,000 W. C. Eminett 1,000 Woodbury Langdon 1,000 A. J. Cipriaut 1,000 James Phalen 1,000 G. H. Coster 1,000 Renel Smith 1,000 F. Sumner 1,000 J. K. Smyth 1,000 II. Hutchinson 1,000 Mrs. Richard Ray 1,000 G. R. Russell 1,000 Dr. Berger 1,000 Theodore Lyman 1,000 Edward Brooks 1,000 J. D. Wendel 500 A. T. P 500 J. W. Wheeler 500 J. D. B. C 500 Mrs. C. F. Ilovey 500 C. B. Hotchkiss 500 E. C. Cowdin 500 Mrs. Greenough 500 Geo. T. Rioliards 500 James Eddy 500 Dr, Gage 500 Persifer Eraser 500 Theo. S. Evans 500 D. D. Howard 500 H. W. Spencer 500 Horace H. Williams 500 Samuel Hammond 500 Mr. Fagnani (two portraits at one quarter the usual price) 500 pay the sums affixed to our names, for the forwarded to America, to be used in enforcing Union ; W. K. Strong frs. 500 Geo. A. He.arn 500 J. S. Andrews 500 T. Wallace Evans 500 F. S. Lovering 500 Geo. B. English 500 Madame de Courbal 500 Mrs. R. G. Shaw 500 G. H. Mumford 500 Mrs. Colford Jones 500 Rev. C. T. Th.iyer 300 H. L 300 Miss H. R. Woolsey 250 E. Lincoln 250 Dr. Beylard 250 A. Depeyster 250 Wm. A. Hovey 250 M. C. Burnap 250 Charles Pepper 250 J. J. Randolph 250 Mrs. H. L 200 J. H. Deming 200 J. H. Canfield 200 Mrs. Lawrence Moore 200 Mrs. Dodge 200 A. K. P. Cooper 100 G. P. Howell 100 IL C. S 100 John Smith 100 E. F. Eraraett 100 G. Hinckley Clark 100 G. S. Partridge 100 Dr. McClintock 100 Miss C. C. Woolsey 100 Mrs. E. W. Clark 100 Jas. W. Tucker 100 John Markes 100 George Potter 100 Henry J. Hunt 100 J. E. Irvin 100 A. P. Strange 100 T. Puison 100 COLCHESTER AND I'lllLADELPHIA. 49 John Mix frs. 1 00 Eev. Mr. Longacre frs. 50 W. F. Dodd 100 Rev. Mi-. Looiiiis .'50 Charles Francis 100 Mr. Eastman 50 P. B 100 Dr. McGdwan 50 F. H. Clark 100 Elbridge Torry 50 Mrs. G 100 John Lindsey 50 Mr. Homer 100 J. Fagnani 4(i For a year the voluntary offerings of the people continued upon the scale indicated by the few instances we have mentioned. And this scale was one which had been tacitly established or agreed iipon, and represented, doubtless, the public idea of the necessities of the case. But in May, 1862, when certain events showed the need of the country to be far greater than had been sup- posed, the spirit of giving rose with the occasion. General Banks was com- pelled to retreat down the Shenandoah Valley and to recross the Potomac. Washington was again believed to be in danger, and the militia of the neigli- boring states were again called out. Soon after, the Army of the Potomac was forced, after inflicting and suffering great loss, to abandon its attempt on Eichmond ; Pope was defeated in the Valley of Virginia, and the now defiant army of the rebels crossed the Potomac into Maryland. Under the spur of this second necessity, the contributions of the people were to those made after the fall of Sumter and the defeat of Bull Bun as sixteen is to seven. Such statistics as are accessible show the voluntary contributions of the second year to have been more than double those of the first. Disaster seemed only to stimulate to further exertion, and whether the call was for money or men, the supply and the willingness to furnish either the one or the other kept steady pace with the demand. Everjr town and village had its war fund, its relief committee, its disbursing officers. An example or two will show how these matters were managed in 1862. We take one village, Colchester, Connecticut ; and one city, Philadelphia. Colchester maybe dismissed in a few words. The inhabitants first sub- scribed to a fund for the promotion of enlistments ; then to a fund for the relief of the families of volunteers. Both the soldiers and their wives and children were handsomely dealt with. Then the village doctor promised to prescribe for those left behind, gratis ; then the clergymen engaged to furnish them sittings in all the churches, gratis ; next, the village apothecary declared that he would put up all prescriptions for the wives and children of soldiers, gratis ; and, finally, the undertaker agreed that if tlie physician and the drug- gist labored in vain, and any soldier's heir died, he would bury him gratis. The quota of Colchester was filled at an early day. 50 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. We take the case of Philadelpliia, for the reason that the sum obtained was by far the largest bounty and defence fund ever raised by subscription; it therefore serves for itself and for those of all smaller communities, as the greater includes the less. Doubtless the exposure of the city to invasion lent a certain zest to the proceedings of the various assemblages, but it is not neces- sary to suppose that a sense of danger placed one additional dollar upon the books. It was the 16th of July ; the Army of the Potomac was at Harrison's Landing, and the rebel forces, relieved from the necessity of defending Rich- mond, were preparing to assume the offensive. The President was known to be preparing an order for a draft, to compel the filling of quotas under the call for 300,000 men. A public-spirited citizen wrote to one of the morning papers that he would be glad to be one of one hundred persons to subscribe $1,000 each, towards raising ten regiments in the city. This proposal was seconded in the papers of the next day ; and two days afterwards another cor- respondent made known his willingness to be one of the hundred, adding that he inferred from the remarks of a friend, that that gentleman could also be counted upon. On Thursday, the 24th of July, a preliminary meeting of citizens was held at the rooms of the Board of Trade, the mayor of the city in the chair. Mr. John D. Watson stated that the meeting was called in consequence of the proclamation issued by the governor, urging every city, town, and borough in the commonwealth, to take some action in the now pressing matter of providing bounties and filling the contingent of Pennsylvania. Money could not be obtained from the treasury without authority of law, and the legislature was not in session. It must be raised by individual subscription. Harrisburg had set the example, and it was time that Philadelphia followed it. Mr. Charles Gilpin thought that the occasion appealed both to the honor and selfishness of the people. The solid men should now come forward. For liimself, he was not able to serve as a private, and he had not the faculty of coniinand ; he was not rich, but he would place one thousand dollars — in his opinion a small contribution — at the service of the country. Mr. Gilpin was the first subscriber. The Hon. Henry D. Moore said that there were three causes which retarded enlistments iu Pennsylvania; first, the laboring classes were earning better wages than were paid by government ; second, the floating population had already been absoi'bed ; and, third, neighboring states and towns had offered bounties as an inducement to volunteer, while Pennsylvania had ofifered none. Bounties must be offered, and the citizens must provide for their payment. TUE PlllLADELl'lIlA BOUNTY FUND. 51 Mr. Lorin Blodget submitted a .series of resolutious providing for the ap- pointment of committees. The three gentlemen whom we have mentioned as proposing to contribute $1,000 each, now proved their sincerity. A paper was handed to the mayor containing the names of eleven firms pledged for $15,0,00, in case the sum of $100,000 should be subscribed, for the purpose of raising ten city regiments, under the direction of the mayor. It was thought best, however, to leave the matter in the hands of the state authorities, and the plan was not adopted. The officers to collect and administer the fund were now appointed, as fol- lows : Chairman, Alexander Henry, Mayor of the City. Vice- Chairman, Thomas Webster. Treasurer, S. A. Mercer. Sect'ctary, Lorin Blodget. Dish uming Com m ittee, Michael Y. Baker, George Whitney, S. A. Mercer. Committee, Alexander Henry, William Welsh, Charles Gibbons, J. Ross Snowden, Charles D. Freeman, A. E. Borie, S. A. Mercer, S. W. De Coursey, Dr. James McClintock, George H. Stuart, Thomas Webster, M. V. Baker, George Whitney, J. E. Addicks, J. D. Watson, James Milliken, L. Blodget, James C. Hand. A subscription book was formally opened, and before the meeting ad- journed nearly $36,000 had been promised. During the progress of the meet- ing, the Board of Directors of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company had 52 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. indited a letter to Governor Curtin to the effect that $50,000 of their money was at the disposal of the executive, or of a duly appointed committee, for bounty money to soldiers. The next day, the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company subscribed $25,000, and private citizens $34,000 more. On Saturday, under the genial influence of a war meeting, held in Indepen- dence Square, $-±2,000 were received. Subscriptions continued to be made till the middle of September, when the sum total was witliin a few thousand dollars of half a million. We subjoin the list, as perhaps the most remarkable to which the rebellion has given birth; and, to make this brief story of the Philadeljohia Bounty Fund complete, append a statement of the objects to which the money was applied. The reader will find these columns of names more interesting than, at first glance, he would perhaps be inclined to suppose, and their value will increase with age : PHILADELPHIA BOUNTY FUND— JULY, AUGUST, SEPTEMBER, 1862. Pennsylyani;i Pvailniml Co $50,000 00 Philadelpliiii and Reading Rail- road Company 2.5,000 00 Bank of Nortli America 10,000 00 Philadelphia Bank 6,000 00 Philadelphia Savinfj; Fund So- ciety 5,000 00 Green Tree Mutual Ins. Co 5,000 00 Mutual Assurance Company for Insuring Houses 5,000 00 Franklin Fire Insurance Co 5,000 00 Pliiladelpliia Contributionship Insurance Company 5,000 00 Farmers' and Meclianics' Bank. . 5,000 00 S. V. Merrick 3,000 00 McKean, Borie & Co 3,000 00 Benjamin Bullock & Sons 3,000 00 A. Whitney & Sons 3,000 00 Girard Bank 3,000 00 North American Insurance Co. . 2,500 00 Delaware Mutual Insurance Co. 2,500 00 Commercial Bank 2,500 00 Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Co. 2,500 00 Philadelphia Steam Propeller Co. 2,500 00 Philadelphia and Trenton Rail- road Company 2,500 00 I. P. Morris, Towne & Co 2,000 00 Wm. H. Horstmann & Sons 2,000 00 Sellers & Co 2,000 00 Morris, Tasker & Co 2,000 00 Pennsylvania Company for Insu- rance on Lives and Granting Annuities $2,000 00 Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad Company. 2,000 00 Neafie & Levy 2,000 00 Western Bank 1.500 00 Bank of Northern Liberties 1,500 00 W. P. Wilstach & Co 1,500 00 American Bank Note Company. 1,500 00 Reliance Mutual Insurance Co. . 1,500 00 American Fire Insurance Co.. . . 1,500 00 Employees of Schuylkill Arsenal 1,200 00 John Grigg 1,100 00 Chas. Gilpin 1,000 00 Wm. Welsh 1,000 00 A friend, per Wm. Welsh 1,000 00 Hanson Robinson 1,000 00 Henry Winsor 1,000 00 John T. Lewis & Brothers 1,000 00 Daniel Haddock 1,000 00 John Ashurst 1,000 00 Joseph B. Myers 1,000 00 Samuel S. White 1,000 00 J. E. Caldwell 1,000 00 Stuart & Brother 1,000 00 John Haseltine 1,000 00 Wm. H. Kern 1,000 00 Edward C. Knight & Co 1,000 00 Stephen & Jas. M. Flanagan 1,000 00 THE rillLADELlMIIA IIOUXTY FUND. 53 Ilenry M. Watts $1,000 00 ■Welliiifi, Coffin it Co 1,000 00 Win. B. Mann 1,000 00 Bailey & Co 1,000 00 Taylor, Gillespie & Co 1 000 00 Do Coursey, Lafourcade & Co . . 1,000 00 John B. Alyers 1,000 00 C. Sherman & Son 1,000 00 J. P. Ilutoliinson 1,000 00 W. A. Blanchard 1,000 00 Drexel & Co 1,000 00 Jay Cooke & Co 1,000 00 Cabccn & Co 1,000 00 Benjamin Iloiner 1,000 00 Thomas Sparks 1,000 00 Evan Randolph 1,000 OO John Gibson, Sons & Co 1,000 00 lungerich & Smith 1,000 00 Daniel Smith, Jr 1,000 00 C. & II. Borie 1,000 00 Edward M. Hopkins 1,000 00 Jacob Jones 1,000 00 Henry J. Williams 1,000 00 John Dallett & Co 1,000 00 S. B. Van Syekel 1,000 00 Tatham & Brothers 1,000 00 W. R. Wliite 1,000 00 N. Trotter & Co 1,000 00 Slade, Smith & Co 1,000 00 Bloomfield H. Moore 1,000 00 A. D. Jessnp 1,000 00 J. B. Lippincott & Co 1,000 00 Captain W. AYhilldin 1,000 00 Howell & Brothers 1,000 00 Henry Simons 1,000 00 Charles P. Fox 1,000 00 Mercer & Antelo 1,000 00 Josei)h Swift 1,000 00 Thomas Drake 1,000 00 Charles N. Baker 1,000 00 John Mason & Co 1,000 00 Stewart, Carson & Co 1,000 00 Alexander Benson & Co 1,000 00 Horace Binney 1,000 00 James Rowland & Co 1,000 00 Brown, Hill & Co 1,000 00 J. Rliea Barton, M. I) 1,000 00 Leonard & Baker 1,000 00 Peter Williamson 1,000 00 James, Kent & Santee 1,000 00 Edmund A. Souder & Co 1,000 00 Edwin Forrest 1,000 00 Sliarpless Brothers |1,000 00 Charles Gibbons 1,000 00 W. M. Meredith 1,000 00 T. W. Evans 1,000 00 Tredick, Stokes & Co 1,000 00 Geo. P. Smith 1,000 00 Ohas. S. Coxe 1,000 00 Girard Life Insurance ("onipany. 1,000 00 Adams' Express Company 1,000 00 Bank of Penn Township 1,000 00 American Life and Trust Co 1,000 00 Fire Association of Philadelphia. 1,000 00 J. R. Ingersoll 1,000 00 Manufacturers' and Mfcli.-inics' Bank 1,000 00 Riegel, Wiest & Erviii 1,000 00 Cornelius & Baker 1,000 00 A. Campbell & Co 1,000 00 Baltimore & Philadeljiliia Steam- boat Company 1,000 00 New York and Baltimore Trans- portation Line 1,000 00 Wm. C. Houston & Thos. Mott. . 1,000 00 Phoenix Iron Company 1,000 00 Thomas P. Hooper 1,000 00 .John Pondir 1,000 00 Noblit, Brown & Noblit 1,000 00 Evans Rogers 1,000 00 Philadelphia and New York Ex- jiress Steamboat Conii)any. .. . 1,000 00 Samuel Welsh 1,000 00 Philadelphia Hide and Tallow Association 1,000 00 John J. Ridgew.iy, of Paris .... 1,000 00 John A. Brown 1,000 00 Tyler, Stone & Co 1,000 00 James Dundas 1,000 00 N. R. Chambers 1,000 00 Thos. Wattson & Sons 1,000 00 A Visitor at Brigantine Beach. . 1,000 00 J. B. Moorhead 1,000 00 J. V. Williamson 1,000 00 William Bucknell 1,000 00 Union Mutual Insurance Co 1,000 00 Chas. Macalester 1,000 00 Jas. C. Hand & Co 1.000 00 Murphy & Allison 1,000 00 Dr. D. Jayne & Son 1,000 00 Powers & Weightman 1 ,000 00 Jacob P. Jones l,00(i 00 Bank of Commerce 1.000 00 Phaniix Mutual Insurance Co .. . 1,000 00 54 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. City Bank $1,000 00 R. F. Loper 1,000 00 Geo. F. Pt-abody & Co 1.000 00 Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania 1,000 00 Kensington ]?ank 1,000 00 Le Fevre, Park & Co 1,000 00 Pennsylvania Mutual Life Insu- rance Company 1,000 00 Shart'iier, Zeigler & Co 1,000 00 Tradesmen's Bank 1,000 00 Consolidation Bank 1,000 00 Soutlnvark Bank 1,000 00 Thomas Smith 1,000 00 David Milne 800 00 J. H. Ingham 700 00 Philadelphia Board of Brokers. . 600 00 Geo. D. Parrish 500 00 Tliomas A. Scott 500 00 (rans, Leberraan & Co 500 00 W. Pv. Thompson 500 00 Thompson, Clarke & Young 500 00 .lohn Baird 500 00 Wain, Learning & Co 500 00 Tobias Wagner 500 00 Ohas. W. Poultney 500 00 W. H. Newbold, Son & Aertsen. 500 00 Wm. Rowland & Co 500 00 A. J. Lewis 500 00 Verree & Mitchell 500 00 Chas. Taylor 500 00 .lohn Stone & Sons 500 00 William S. Smith 500 00 John C. Fan- 500 00 D. B. Cummins 500 00 Reece, Seal & Co 500 00 JT. & G. Taylor 500 00 II. B. & G. "w. Benners 500 00 Isaac Lea 500 00 Mrs. Anne Hertzog 500 00 Samuel Powell 500 00 Baeder, Delaney & Adamson. . . 500 00 Wm. Ashbridge 500 00 E. S. Whelen & Co 500 00 Hay & McDevitt 500 00 Wni. M. Baird 500 00 M. & C. Sternberger 500 00 Esherick, Black & Co 500 00 Humphreys, Hotfm.in & Wright. 500 00 Wilcox, Brothers & Co 500 00 Thomas Clyde 500 00 William H. Hart 500 00 John M. Ford $500 00 John Wyeth & Brother 500 00 Joseph B. Lapsley 500 00 Cumberland Nail & Iron Works. 500 00 Charles E. Smith 500 00 Hunter, Scott & Co 500 00 Rosengarten & Sons 500 00 Proprietors of Evening Bulletin. 500 00 Joseph Campion 500 00 Wm. Struthers 500 00 John Rodman Paul 500 00 Still well S. Bishop 500 00 James Manderson 500 00 T. C. Henry & Co 500 00 Philip S. Justice 500 00 Samuel B. Phillips 500 00 E. C. & P. H. Warren 500 00 Alexander Henry 500 00 E. W. Clark & Co 500 00 Little, Stokes & Co 500 00 James R. Campbell 500 00 John W. Forney 500 00 Cliarles Spencer 500 00 Delaware Mutual Insurance Co. 500 00 Union Steamship Co 500 00 S. B. Stitt 500 00 Commonwealth Bank 500 00 Wilson, Childs & Co 500 00 Michael F. Clark 500 00 Tioga Railroad Co 500 00 Martin Landenberger 500 00 Philadeli)liia Master Plasterers' Society 500 00 W. E. Garrett & Sons 500 00 Alexander Brown 500 00 E. Jessup 500 00 George F. Lee 500 00 Abraham Baker 500 00 Andrew M. Jones 500 00 William D. Jones & Co 500 00 Smith, Williams & Co 500 00 William S. Hansell & Sons 500 00 William Ilarmer 500 00 Yarnell it Trimble 500 00 Union Bank 500 00 Enterprise Insurance Co 500 00 J. Emory Stone 500 00 Frishmuth & Co 500 00 Edwin Greble 500 00 Bank of Gerraantown 500 00 Anthracite Insurance Co 500 00 Wilmington Steamboat Co 500 00 THE PHILADELPHIA BOUNTY FUND. 66 Corn Excliango Bank $500 00 Wm. liicliai-dson 500 00 Stephen G. Fottcrall 500 00 Adam Wartlinian 500 00 Noble, Caldwell & Co 500 00 Davis Pearson & Co 500 00 Billings, Roop & Co 500 00 Geo. C. Thomas 500 00 Lewis & Damon 500 00 American iliitual Insnrance Co. 500 00 O. Colkot 500 00 Furness, Bi-inley & Co 500 00 John M. Reed 500 00 Lndwig, Kneedlcr & Co 500 00 Edward Coles 500 00 Girard Fire and Marine Ins. Co. 500 00 T. & J. W. Johnson & Co 500 00 Arnold, Nusbauni & Nirdlinger. 500 00 Francis King 500 00 Vetterlein & Co 500 00 Alan Wood & Co 400 00 Shields & Brother 400 00 S. & C. SchofieW 400 00 Elias D. Koimedy 400 00 J. Wood & Brothers 400 00 Robert Cohnrn & Son 400 00 Crissey & Marklcy 350 00 Evans & Ilassall 300 00 E. P. Moyer & Brothers 300 00 Rockhill & Wilson 300 00 Gilbert Royal & Co 300 00 Stevenson & Maris 300 00 Joseph F. Page 300 00 Code, Hopper & Co 300 00 French, Richards & Co 300 00 John Eisenbrey 300 00 Clement L. Hughes 300 00 Grocers' Sugar House 300 00 Jesse Smith 300 00 Ficken & Williams 300 00 Reynolds, Howell & Reiff 300 00 Grove & Brother 300 00 Dr. David James 300 00 G. D. Wetherill 300 00 S. T. Altemus 300 00 Dr. Charles Willing 300 00 Field & Kcelimle 300 00 McAllister & Brother 300 00 James Graham & Co 300 00 Cornelius A. Walborn 300 00 Thomas W. Price 300 00 W. W. Knight & Son 300 00 Geo. B. Roece, Son & Co $300 00 Henry Stiles 300 00 Chas. P. Relf 300 00 Jeanes, Soattergood & Co 300 00 B. P. Hutchinson 300 00 Co.x, Whiteman & Cox 300 00 H. Geiger 300 00 Bennoville D. l5rown 300 00 Harris, Heyl & Co 300 00 L. A. Godey 300 00 Wliarton Chancellor 300 00 John F. Gilpin 300 00 Miss Mary Gibson 300 00 Southwick, Sheble & Co 300 00 0. II. Ilarkness 300 00 Fairman Rogers 300 00 Brooks, Brother & Co 300 00 Lawlor, Everett & llincken 300 00 James M. Preston 300 00 Eagle Mills 300 00 Martin Nixon 300 00 Joel Thomas 300 00 Rev. Dr. Ducachet 300 00 George Fales 300 00 Chambers & Cattell 300 00 Edwin Swift 300 00 Henry Disston 300 Oo Farmers' Market 300 00 R. Shoemaker & Co 300 00 Thomas Earp 300 00 Ilunsworth, Eakins & Naylor .. . 300 00 Patterson, Morgan & Caskey . . . 300 00 Henry Hehnuth 300 00 Marshall, Griffith & Co 300 00 Joseph Jones 300 00 John McAllister 300 00 Sower, Barnes & Co 300 00 Employees of Riegel, Wiest it Ervin 287 50 Employees of Wm. Sellers & Co. 269 7<> Charles Megarge & Co - 250 00 Wright, Brothers & Co 250 00 R. H. Gratz & Co 250 00 A. T. Lane 250 00 Rutter & Patteson 250 On Sharp, Haines & Co 250 00 M. B. Mahony & Co 250 00 \. C. Barclay 250 00 Prichett, Baugh & Co 250 00 Barcroft & Co 250 00 W. F. Hansen 250 00 Feltus & Zimmerling 250 00 r)6 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Wm. Aslmrst $250 00 F. A. Iloyt & Bi-otlier 250 00 Edwin K. Myers 250 00 James Bayard 250 00 FroUiiugliam & Wells 250 00 Davis & Co 250 00 N. Middletou & Co 250 00 E. J. Mafriiinis 250 00 Robert Ewing 250 00 Saimiel Castner 250 00 Lockwood Mauutacturing Co. . . 250 00 George Martin 250 00 Benjaniin Sharp 250 00 N. Ilelliiigs & Brother 250 00 Irwiu & Stinson 250 00 Henry Croskey & Co 250 00 Hon. Win. Milward 250 00 Geo. W. Childs 250 00 Joseph Oat & Son 250 00 A. B. Carver & Co 250 00 M. Thomas & Son 250 00 Jacob W. GofF 250 00 Alfred C. Harnier 250 00 Wolgamuth, Raleigh & Co 250 00 W. S. Stewart & Co 250 00 Thos. A. Biddle 250 00 Saninel B. Thomas 250 00 L. Johnson & Co 250 00 Samuel F. Smith 250 00 Morris, Patterson & Co 250 00 Richard T. Shepherd 250 00 Geo. L. Harrison 250 00 H. T. Desilver 250 00 Edwin Kirkpatrick 250 00 Edwin M. Lewis 250 00 Samuel Gorgas 250 00 Robert K. Neff 250 00 James Simpson & Neil 250 00 C. F. & G. G. Lennig 250 00 Garretson, Brady & Co 250 00 J. M. Mitchell & Co 250 00 B. D. Stewart & Son 250 00 Henry C. Lea 250 00 Samiiel A. Lewis 250 00 Allen & Needles 250 00, Horace Binney, Jr 200 00 Wm. F. Hughes 200 00 Harrison, Bros. & Co 200 00 Richard Wistar 200 00 Hood, Bombright & Co 200 00 J. R. & J. Price 200 00 Chas. J. Peterson 200 00 M. Lewis $200 00 Hillman & Streaker 200 00 I). C. Spooner 200 00 Garrett & Martin 200 00 Samuel H. Carpenter 200 00 Vance & Landis 200 00 S. H. Busli & Co 200 00 E. J. Lewis 200 00 H. Weiner 200 00 Fred. Brown 200 00 J. W. E verm an & Co 200 00 Conrad & Serrill 200 00 Jonathan Patterson 200 00 J. B. Mitchell 200 00 Chas. T. Yerkes 200 00 Thomas L Potts 200 00 James Hogg 200 00 Hance, Griffith & Co 200 00 W. L. SchatFer 200 00 J. Craig Miller 200 00 Shloss & Brother 200 00 George Gilpin 200 00 George A. Wood 200 00 Samuel Norris 200 00 Adam Everley 200 00 John Lambert 200 00 Wm. H. Woodward 200 00 Lewis Thompson & Co 200 00 Wabash Mil! 200 00 John R. McCurdy 200 00 Stillman & Ellis 200 00 Strauss & Goldman 200 00 Wm. C. Bowen 200 00 Charles Leland 200 00 Wm. Musser 200 00 Wm. Mann 200 00 Miss M. M. Barclay 200 00 Wm. Kirkham 200 00 Chas. Dutilli 200 00 J. W. Rulon & Son 200 00 Wm. S. Baird 200 00 Hcaton and Denckla 200 00 Boyd & Stroud 200 00 Charles O'Neill 200 00 Mrs. Geo. N. Baker 200 00 Thomas Robins 200 00 James L. Claghorn 200 00 W. T. Lowber 200 00 Thos. H. Megear 200 00 G. D. Wetherill & Co 200 00 Geo. W. Hamersley 200 00 John R. Coxe 200 00 TUE PHILADELPHIA BOUNTY FUND. 67 Dr. G. Eiiiersuii $200 00 Adeline & Margai-etta Sagor . . . 200 00 Muzzej & Monroe 200 00 Jacob Rccli 200 00 Peter Sietier 200 00 James W. Pan! 200 00 Lawrence Lewis, Jr 200 Oo Benners & Draper 200 00 A. C. Jones 200 00 "Witliers & Peterson 200 00 Jacob Sliarp 200 00 Handy ct Brenner 200 00 Gbas. Koons 200 00 John Horn 200 00 F. L. Bodine 200 00 S. & G. W. Townsend 200 00 Davis & Wicl:• * -X- * * * VI. The Financial Committee shall solicit, guard, and disburse the funds of the association. The treasurer shall acknowledge all contributions of moneys or stores in the public papers. Subscriptions shall be solicited through the press. The operations of the association shall proceed upon a scale commen- surate with the funds received, and donations are hereby requested. VII. The Executive Committee shall establish direct relations with the central medical authorities ; shall obtain and diffuse information for the gui- dance of affiliated associations ; shall keep the women of the country atlvised of the best direction their industry can take ; shall superintend the reception and transfer of stores ; and shall devise ways and means of increasing the usefulness of the association. 74 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. VIII. The Eegistration Committee shall have charge of the bureau for examining and registering those oflfering themselves as nurses, in rooms soon to be opened in a convenient quarter of the city. IX. The Board of Management shall consist of twelve ladies and twelve gentlemen ; it shall appoint the officers of the association ; it shall meet weekly, during the war, five constituting a quorum ; and it shall consist of the following persons : Mrs. Hamilton Fish, Dr. Valentine Mott, " II. Baylis, John D. Wolfe, " II. D. Sweet, Hector Morrison, " Chas. Abernethy. Frederick L. Olmsted, Miss E. Blackwell, Geo. F. Allen, Mrs. Cyrus W. Field, Dr. Elisha Harris, " G. L. Schuyler, " Markoe, " d'Oremieulx, " Draper, " Dr. Ed. Bayard, Kev. Dr. Hague, " Christine Griffin. " Bellows, " V. Botta, " A. D. Smith, " C. M. Kirkland, Rev. Morgan Dix. The Board of Management, the composition of which, however, was soon afler modified by resignations and new appointments, met immediately, and completed the organization of the association by the choice of the following officers and committees : Pre.side7it, Valentine Mott, M. D. Yice-Pixsideii t, Henry W. Bellows, D. D. Secretary, George F. Allen. Treasurer, Howard Potter. Executive Committee. H. W. Bellows, D. D., Chairman, Valentine Mott, M. D., Frederick L. Olmsted, T. d'Oremieulx, Miss Ellen Collins, W. H. Draper, M. D., Mrs. G. L. Schuyler, G. F. Allen. THE WOMEN'S CENTRAL ASSOCIATION OF RELIEF. 75 Eegistration Committee. Miss E. Blackwell, M. D., Chairman, Mrs. W. P. Griffin, Secretary, " H. Baylis, " J. A. Swett, " V. Botta, " C. Abernethy, Win. A. Muhlenberg, D. D., E. Ilarris, M. D. Finance Committee. Howard Potter, Mi's. Hamilton Fish, Chairman, John D. Wolfe, " C. M. Kirkland, William Hague, D. D., " C. W. Field, T. M. Markoe, M. D., Asa D. Smith, D. D. The reader will hardly fail to see that this society, in its objects, organiza- tion and plan, contained the germ of what was aftei-wards the United States Sanitary Commission. The one grew logically out of the other. For a time, however, the Relief Association proceeded alone, its members working with earnestness and faith. A most arduous labor — one of which the public has little idea — was performed by the Committee on Registrations. Women had never been employed as nurses in the army, soldiers drafted from the ranks for that purpose having previously discharged the duty. The govern- ment, therefore, had made no preparation for lodging, paying, or even recog- nizing women as nurses. It became necessary to commence afresh, and in this work the committee met with unlooked for diflfieulties and discouragements. The medical education of the chairman. Miss Blackwell, however, and the energy of the associate members, enabled them to overcome the one and speedily recover from the other. Ninety-one nurses were prepared and sent forward during the first year, the association paying for the outfit and journey of all, and even the salaries of those first dispatched; the government, how- ever, afterwards assumed the payment of salaries. The Finance Committee collected during the year nearly $10,000, by far the larger part in New York. To the labors of the chairman, Mrs. Hamilton Fish, more than half of this sum was due. Two hundred and forty thousand articles were received and dis- tributed ; the estimated value of them was not far from $140,000. The Executive Committee transferred its duties at an early date to a sub- committee on supplies, of which Miss Ellen Collins was, and still is, chairman. The work of sorting, packing, and marking goods was done entirely by ladies, the best of volunteer aids. " We have met with no rebuffs," writes Miss Collins in her first report, "and our appeals have been answered with ready 76 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. and willing hands and hearts. Throughout the heats of summer and storms of winter, the little sewing circle of twelve or fifteen members have kept up their weekly meetings. Only those who have seen our letters, all breathing the same spirit of love and patriotism, from the little villages and homes hundreds of miles away, can appreciate the sacrifices and the noble sjoirit of these true-hearted, loyal women." "We need not pursue the history of the Women's Central Association of Relief beyond the first year, absorbed, as it was, at so early a date, in the Sanitary Commission. The ladies connected with it have the gratification and the pride of knowing that their names are linked, henceforth and forever, with one of the noblest enterprises of modern philanthropy. It was, doubtless, far from their thoughts, when they invited their fellow-countrywomen to meet them in conference, that they were laying the foundations of an edifice that should endure longer than buildings made with hands ; that none would be able to read of the American rebellion without reading of them and their works ; nor could they have imagined that the plan upon which they then proposed to act, and the idea which they proposed to carry out, were destined to do such honor to themselves and their country, to extort the admiration of the foe and the approval of mankind. CHAPTER IV. ■^w 1" fiHriflnjPii M,'*, ft f ^^. ^^ \ E have seen iu what desultory manner the effort on the part of the jjeople to aid the government in the matter of supplies, hospital clothing, and of medical stores, commenced. Scores of aid societies were in existence _.|§-Vj. by the middle of May. Thousands of hands were already busy in sewing, knitting, cutting, mending, and thousands more were ready to help, if once assured that their labor could be rightly directed. It was well known that bandages were to be cut and rolled, shirts made, stockings knit, medicines, wines, jellies prepared ; but how these were to be distributed, what quantities of each would be required, were matters of which all were ignorant. Still, seventy-five thousand men had been called from their homes, to meet disease and deatb upon the field and in 78 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. the camp ; it was possible that hundreds of thousands more might still be called upon ; and the medical staff of the army, as it existed at this time, was notoriously unable to grapple with the tremendous difficulties which lay before it. It was plain that the first duty of those who, unable to aid the government by shouldering a musket, still wished to serve their country according to their strength, was to come to an understanding with the central authorities as to what they could do and would do, and what they could not do and yet waiited done. Delegates from the Women's Central Association of Relief, from the " New York Medical Association for Furnishing Hospital Supplies in Aid of the Army," and from the " Advisory Committee of the Board of Physicians and Surgeons of the Hospitals of New York," visited Washington towards the middle of May, and on the 18th of the month addressed a communication to the Secretary of War upon the subject of special measures of prevention of disease in the now rapidly gathering army, and of the utilization of voluntary contributions from the people. In this communication were the following passages : "The present is essentially a people's war. The hearts and minds, the bodies and souls, of the whole people and of both sexes, throughout the loyal states, are in it. '"Convinced, by inquiries made here, of the practical difficulty of reconci- ling the claims of their own and numerous similar associations in other cities with the regular workings of the Commissariat and the Medical Bureau, the undersigned rcs^jectfuUy ask that a mixed commission of civilians, distin- guished for their philanthropic experience and acquaintance with sanitary matters, of medical men and of military officers, be appointed by the govern- ment, who shall be charged with the duty of investigating the best means of methodizing and reducing to practical service the already active but undirected benevolence of the people towards the army ; who shall consider the general subject of the prevention of sickness and suffering among the troops ; and suggest the wisest methods which the people at large can use to manifest their good will towards the comfort, security, and health of the army. " It must be well known to the Department of War that several such commissions followed the Crimean and Indian wars. The civilization and humanity of the age and of the American people demand that such a com- mission should precede our second war of independence — more sacred than the first. We wish to prevent the evils which England and France could only investigate and deplore." THE SANITARY COMMISSION. 79 Four days after the date of this document, the Acting Surgeon-General of the Army, after stating, in a note to tlie Secretary of War, that the pressure upon his bureau had been unexpectedly severe, and that the means at his disposal, though effectively used, had proved insufficient, added: "The Medi- cal Bureau would, in my judgment, derive important and useful aid from the counsels and well-directed efforts of an intelligent and scientific commission, to be styled ' A Commission of Inquiry and Advice in respect to the Sanitary Interests of the United States Forces,' and acting in co-operation with this bureau, with reference to the diet and hygiene of troops and the organization of military hospitals." The next day the committee of delegates laid a statement in outline of the plan and powers they desired to recommend before the Secretary of War, suggesting that the commission would ask for no legal authority, but only the official sanction and moral countenance of tlic government, wliich would be secured by its public appointment ; it desired only a recommendatory order, addressed in its favor to all officers of the government, to further its inquiries, and the permission to correspond and confer, on a confidential footing, with the Medical Bureau and the War Department upon all topics connected with their duties. The paper went on to say : "The commission would inquire with scientific thoroughness into the subjects of diet, cooking, cooks, clothing, tents, camping grounds, transports, transitory depots, with their exposures, camp police, with reference to settling the question how far the regulations of the army proper are or can be practi- cally carried out among the volunteer regiments, and what changes or modifi- cations are desirable from their peculiar character and circumstances. Every thing appertaining to outfit, cleanliness, precautions against damp, cold, heat, malaria, infection; crude, unvaried, or ill-cooked food, and an irregular or careless regimental commissariat, would fall under this head. " The commission would inquire into the organization of military hospitals, general and regimental ; the precise regulations and routine through which the services of the patriotic women of the country could be made available as nurses; the nature and sufficiency of hospital supplies; the question of ambulances and field services, and of extra medical aid ; and whatever else relates to the care, relief, and cure of the sick and wounded." These printed statements, addressed to the War Department preliminary to the institution of the Sanitary Commission, bore the signatures of Henry W. Bellows, D. D. ; W. H. Van Buren, M. D. ; J. Harsen, M. D. ; and Elisha Harris, M. D., delegates from the three above mentioned New York societies. 80 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. There seems to be no I'eason to doubt that the President and Secretary of War both looked upon this scheme as visionary and sentimental ; as an idea originating with well meaning, benevolent people, but one that would bear no fruit when confronted with the terrible realities of the field and hospital. The earnestness and the high social and professional position of its advocates might all have gone for naught, had not the Surgeon-General, in the document already quoted from, asked for some such assistance, and represented his bureau as likely to be overwhelmed imless aid were afforded from without. " I confess now,'' said a member of the cabinet, two years later, " that I had no faith in the commission when it started — prophesied that it would upset itself in six months, and that we should be lucky if it did not help to upset us ! None of us had faith in it ; but it seemed easier to let it destroy itself than to resist the popular urgency which called so lustily for a trial i:)f it. I am free to confess that it has been of the greatest service to the country, that it has occasioned none of the evils expected from it, and that it has lived down all the fears and misgivings of the government. I hear from no quarter a word against it." The official warrant creating the commission issued from the War Office on the 9th of June, though it was not signed by the President till the 13th. This paper specified the objects to which the commission should direct its inquiries, and appointed the persons who should compose it. These were as follows : President, Rev. Henry W. Bellows, D. D., New York. Ylcc-P resident, Prof. A. D. Bache, LL. D., Washington. Corresponding Secretary, Elisha Harris, M. D., New York. George W. Cullum, U. S. A., Washington. Alexander E. Shiras, U. S. A., Washington. Robert C. Wood, M. D., U. S. A., Washington. William H. Van Buren, M. D., New York. WoLCOTT GiBBS, M. D., New York. Cornelius R. Agnew, M. D., New York George T. Strong, New York. Frederick T aw Olmsted, New York Samuel G. Howe, M. D., Boston. J. S. Newberry, M. D., Cleveland. TUE SANITARY COMMISSION. 81 To tliese were subsequently added: HoBACE BiNNEY, Jr., Philadelphia ; Rt. Eev. Thomas M. Claek, D. D., Providence; Hon. Joseph Holt, Kentucky ; R. W. Burnet, Cincinnati ; Hon. Mark Skinner, Chicago; Rev. John H. Heywood, Louisville ; Prof. Fairman Rogers, Philadelphia ; Charles J. Stille, Philadelphia ; J. Huntington Wolcott, Boston ; and about five hundred associate members, in all parts of the country. Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted was placed in charge of the central office, as General Secretary of the Commission, and gave himself wholly to its execu- tive duties ; and to his remarkable powers of organization must be attributed a large share of the success which has attended the labors of the commission. The greater number of the gentlemen thus named at once convened at Washington, and adopted the plan of organization which immediately became and long remained the broad basis of operations almost continental in their extent. The president of the commission hastened upon a tour of observa- tion and inquiry in the West, while other commissioners visited the forces gathering upon the Potomac. Until battle actually occurred, jirevention and sanitary inspection engrossed the larger share of the attention of the mem- bers. Preparations were, nevertheless, made in view of an actual collision, and the battle of Bull Run found their emissaries and delegates ready to take the field. In the first jjublic appeal for money and supplies — being a letter to an auxiliary committee of finance just organized in New York — Dr. Bellows, fresh from his western tour, used the following language : '• Consider the prospects of two hundred and fifty thousand troops, chiefly volunteers, gathered not only from the out-door, but still more from the in- door occupations of life — farmers, clerks, students, mechanics, lawyers, doctors, accustomed, for the most part, to regularity of life, and those comforts of home which, above any recorded experience, bless our own prosperous land and benignant institutions; consider these men, used to the tender providence of mothers, wives, and sisters, to varied and well prepared food, separate and commodious homes, moderate toil, to careful medical supervision in all their 82 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. ailments ; consider these men, many of them not yet hardened into the bone of rugged manhood, suddenly precipitated by unexpected events into the field of war, at the very season of the greatest heat, transferred to climates to which they are unwonted, driven to the use of footl and water to which they are not accustomed, living in crowded barracks and tents, sleeping on the bare earth, broken of rest, called on to bear arms six and eight hours a day, to make rapid marches over rough roads in July and August, wearing their thick uniforms and carrying heavy knapsacks on their backs — and what can be looked for but men falling by the dozen in tlie ranks from sheer exhaustion, hundreds prostrated with relaxing disorders, and, finally, thousands suddenly swept off by camp diseases, the result of ii-regularity of life, exposure, filth, heat, and inability to take care of themselves under such novel conditions." The first estimate made by the commission of tlie amount of money that would be required to distribute the supplies in kind that it was already receiv- ing in abundance, and for all incidental expenses, was fifty thousand dollars — so universal was tlie belief that the rebellion would be summarily sujipressed. An appeal was specially addressed to the life insurance companies, "whose intelligent acquaintance," said the commission, " with vital statistics consti- stutes them the proper and the readiest judges of the necessities of such a commission. Wc look to them to give the first indorsement to our enter- jarise by generous donations — the best proof they can give the public of the solid claim we have on the liberality of the rich, the patriotic, and the humane." The first instalments of the nation's bounty came from these institutions : the New England Company giving $3,000; the New York, $5,000; the Mutual Benefit, $2,000; the Mutual, $.3,000, and, at a later period, $6,000 more. The Central Finance Committee of New York now issued a fervent, and, Philadelphia Committee on Labor, Income and Eevenue having furnislicd an admirable basis for the conduct of such a canvass, the commission issued an appeal, late in the year, suggesting a similar organized effort in the North- western States. It was jiroposcd, in this paper, that an attempt be made to obtain from every person in the Northwest the proceeds of one day's labor, one day's profits, or one day's income, for the benefit of the sick and wounded of the army. The commission asked for the 365th part of the gifts of Prov- idence, for the benefit of the gallant men now preserving them for tho.se at home. It hoped that the appeal would be answered by the toiling seamstress and daughter of luxury, the hardy day -laborer and skilful mechanic, by tlie millionaire, banker and lawyer, by the successful merchant and his clerks, by the hardy mariner and stalwart yeoman, by the government employee — even by coi-porate bodies, heretofore said to be destitute of souls. No class would be denied the privilege of uniting with, and none would be oppressed by, this thorough and systematic plan. The various trades, professions, and businesses of Chicago were already 104 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. organizing, with a view to obtain from all this voluntary assessment. In many of the country towns an efficient organization had been effected. It was recommended that committees of two or three jDcrsons should be appointed for every department of business and labor, mercantile, mechanical, agricultu- ral, operative ; male and female, old and young. It was hoped that clergy- men and Sabbath-schools, as well as business men and associations, would become interested in this plan, that the press might be subsidized in its be- half, that Aid Societies, Loyal Leagues, and Good Templars would take it in hand promptly and energetically. The way to do it was to organize ! It was easily done. If the workmen would authorize their employers to deduct one day from their week's or month's earnings, and the employers would add to it a day of their profits, the whole would be acknowledged together to the credit of the establishment. Every acknowledgment would stimulate others to follow the example. Two of the churches of Chicago had already taken the initiative in carrying out this programme : St. James' Church, Eev. Dr. Clarkson, rec- tor, and the first Congregational Church, Eev. Dr. Patton, pastor. Each had paid into the treasury the fifty-second part of its church revenue for a year, on the ground that a church organization has but fifty-two days in its year. In Palatine, a small town in Cook County, a few miles from Chicago, the Aid Society had assessed a monthly tax on every person in the town, varying from one dollar to five cents. Collectors had been appointed for the nine school districts of the town, whose business it was to collect the sums pledged monthly, and pay them to the Aid Society, and the aggregate would be an amount of between one and two thousand dollars yearly. If every town in the Northwest would follow this example, the Sanitary Commission would have a revenue sufficiently ample for its needs, and every Aid Society would be able to supply itself with all the fiibrics it needed for the manufacture of hospital clothing. It was under a system thus set on foot that a considerable portion of the contributions in money to the Chicago Fair of 1865 were col- lected. "We have thus rapidly passed in review the various methods by which the treasury and storehouses of the commission were filled and from time to time replenished. For the purpose of going more into detail, as has been already said, and in order to describe more fully the little devices and ingenious shifts resorted to, in the same object, we give, in a succeeding chapter, an account of the various fairs, which, by the way, need not be considered as artificial IS RAFFLING PROPER? 105 stimulants, but may be better characterized as furnishing an opportunity for simultaneous giving and concerted action. The commission needs, let us suppose, a million dollars, and thinks that New York ought to furnish it. Mr. A. is applied to, and says that he would willingly give a hundred or u thousand dollars, if he were sure that Mr. B. and Mr. C. would do the same. The cabinetmaker says that he would gladly contribute a specimen of his handicraft, if he knew that others would do as much ; that the milliner would furnish a bonnet and the machinist an engine. Now, the holding of a fair assures A. that B. and C, to say nothing of D., E., and F., will be called upon to contribute as well as himself; and the cabinetmaker, the machinist, and the milliner are severally convinced that their neighbors are to co-opei-ate with them. A fair is simply a lever by which a good purchase is obtained upon the purses and pockets of the community. It brings about a long pull and a strong pull, but, better yet, a pull altogether. There need be nothing arti- ficial, factitious, or unhealthy in a fair ; it is simply a form of organization. A composer, having his choice of means, and desiring to produce a massive effect, would dismiss the tenor and soprano and call upon the chorus. And as a choir is to a solo, so is a fair to all chance contributions. Of one device resorted to in some cities, objected to and forbidden in others, it may be proper to say a word or two here. The subject of raffling excited great interest throughout tlie country, and tlie minds of thoughtful people seemed to be pretty nearly divided upon its propriety. We give the two sides of the question as presented, the one by the officers of the Sanitary Commission themselves, and the other by a clergyman of Cincinnati. The commission deprecated raffles, the clergyman defended them — that is, under the circumstances. The commission, according to The Bulletin, its organ, had felt it necessary to establish one rule in regard to the source of its sup- port — to accept, without question and from all quarters, such gifts as were brought to its treasury. Accordingly, neither political, theological, nor moral questions had come before it. It had studiously avoided complication with the methods employed by those who had supplied its pecuniary necessities, declining to patronize or make itself responsible for either good or bad plans for raising money, and simply engaging, as trustees of the people's bounty, to spend the means placed in its hands in the most moral, most patriotic, and most faitliful manner. It held itself strictly responsible for the safe custody, the wise and economical disbursement, and the most humane application of the funds committed to it ; but not for the methods by which they were raised. Any other course would make the Sanitary Commission the moral censor of 106 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. the public, and cut off tlie sympathies of large bodies of people — a loss even less important in a pecuniary than in a patriotic light. It should not be supposed, however, that the Sanitary Commission was indifferent to the morals of the community, or to the ways employed to aid and assist its own work. While it could not prescribe those ways, or go behind the gifts it received to catechize the motives or the methods of its ben- efactors, it earnestly desired, as a body of thoughtful citizens engaged in so serious a business, to see a careful respect for the laws, a tender regard for the moral interests of society, a profound reverence for God and duty, animating all its supporters. Confessing that the moral interests of the community are far more important than the success of its own work, it could not desire to flourish at tlie expense of any permanent principle of truth, justice, and religion. In regard to raffling, if the question were one the Sanitary Commission had the right to settle, the board could not hesitate to decide against it, as not being strictly legal ; as being, at the best, of disputed moral complexion, and, at the worst, decidedly evil in its tendencies, if not wrong in its principle. The practical settlement of the question lay with the gentlemen and lady managers of the fair. They had thus far endeavored in tlieir plan to free raffling from its universally recognized evils, judging it to be essential in some form to the success of the fair. That they might, under the discussion now going on, see it to be as immediately expedient as it is desirable on sev- eral grounds to abandon it wholly, was the wish and hope of the board. The Sanitary Commission was perfectly willing to sacrifice any pecuniary interest in the returns of the fair, to the practical testing of the question : " Are raffles necessary evils?" They thought not. The Cincinnati clergyman, in his sermon defending such appeals to the lot as those under discussion, took his text from Proverlis, xviii. 18 : " The lot causeth contentions to cease, and parteth the mighty." He maintained, gen- erally, that where a ticket, or chance, is bought in a raffle with the simple desire of contributing to some worthy cause, and with indifference as to who wins, there is no gambling and no offence. After makina; the statement that goods of great value must have been sacrificed without this recourse to the lot, he said : " Let us now consider what was done to save these goods, amounting to many thousands of dollars, from this sacrifice, and to secure the full value for the benefit of the soldiers. "A single case will illustrate correctly the principle of the whole. There RAFFLES DEFENDED. 107 was an article worth, say, thirty dollars. But few or none were willing to invest so much in a single article. The result was, it was unsold. Then one said to another, ' Let us, thirty of us, unite, pay one dollar each, and purchase this. If sold at auction, it will go for, perliaps, ten or even five dollars. If we buy it, its whole value will be secured for the soldiers' fund.' Tims far, certainly, all is well. No one has been injured, the treasury of the fair re- ceives money which it would not otherwise have obtained, and the thirty have ■what they willingly accept as the equivalent of their money. Now what shall be done with the article obtained '! It might have been sold and the proceeds divided. Had money been the object of the purchasers, this would have been done. Instead of this, they say to each other, ' We cannot all have it ; and the money which each put in is of no consequence ; let us cast lots for it. One will obtain it, and the other twenty-nine will have made a donation of one dollar each to the funds of the fair.' This, as I understand it, was the operation in which Christians and other conscientious persons engaged, and these were their motives. I know that these were the views and the motives of those of my own church who consulted me, and we are bound to believe, until the contrary is shown, that others are and were as conscientious as we. " Now, it is quite clear that it is in the last step in the agreement of the thirty, that they would decide by lot which should have the purchased article, that the gambling, if anywhere, lies ; and I declare, without the slightest hesitation, and with no fear that it can be successfully denied, that, in the transaction as set forth, there is not one feature or element of gambling. The only question possible, in regard to such an operation, is, Is it rigiit on such an occasion to make an apjaeal to the lot, which is really an appeal to God, to decide the question at issue ? " Those who condemn this must do so upon one of two grounds : either that an appeal to the lot is wrong in all cases, or wrong in this particular case. But it is not wrong in all cases, as will appear from the following considera- tions: First, from the statement of our text, which shows, beyond dispute, that in the Jewish Commonwealth, in the time of Solomon, the appeal to the lot was a common practice, and its usefulness is acknowledged in deciding questions and ending controversies between men. It placed the decision with God himself, from whom there was no appeal. " The land was divided among the tribes by lot. The order of service for the priests in the temple was decided by lot ; so was that of the musicians; and in the same manner the gates were assigned to the porters. "This practice was continued in the time of the Saviour; for, at the time 108 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. of the vision of Zacharias, it is said his lot was to burn incense before the altar. And here our word ' lot' becomes a history in itself. We use it as applied to a field ; we call it a lot, because, originally, lands were divided by the ajjpeal to God, and what was thus assigned to a man was his lot. In the same sense we speak of a man's lot in life. The original idea was that each man's position is appointed by God. So, when an apostle was to be appointed, the eleven, not by any special command, but because it was a common custom, made the choice by lot. ' They gave forth their lots, and the lot fell upon Matthias.' " The use of the lot is, in itself, not only not immoral, but, rightly used, is a religious act, a solemn appeal unto the perfect wisdom of God ; and as such has been ordered by God, and used and sanctioned by religious and prayerful people from the time of Moses downward to our own ; and is, in itself, just as for removed from gambling as is tlie act of prayer itself. " But if right in itself, was the occasion on which we employed it a proper one? " We admit that the object of the fair was a right and Christian one. That because much of the value was in articles too costly for one man to buy, there was great danger, or, perhaps, a certainty that a very large amount would remain unsold, to be sacrificed at auctions. To prevent this sacrifice and to secure the proper amount for the soldiers" benefit, individuals combined to pur- chase an article which no one felt inclined to do alone, paying its fair value, knowing that every dollar paid, but one, would be a donation to the funds of the fair, and intending it to be so, and satisfied with this as the equivalent ; and when the purchase was made, the lot, by mutual consent, decided the ownership. "This, I know, was the principle, and these were the motives, in which the use of the lot began among our own people. In principle and spirit, both, it was proper and Christian, so far as my judgment goes. There was no appeal to selfishness or to a mercenary spirit. The contributors gave their money as a donation, to prevent a sacrifice of funds. He who finally obtained the article was pleased, and the rest were perfectly satisfied. It was as far removed from gambling as tlie distribution by lot of the land of Canaan after it had been won by the hard purchase of war. " If the thing was abused — if any bought their chance merely in tlie hope of winning — they were gambling; and I have no defence to enter for such." Another branch of the argument was taken up by a correspondent of the New York " Spirit of the Fair," who made the following aflFecting appeal to those in authority : THE CASE SUBMITTED. 109 ^'Jifessieurs ei Mesdames the Committee : "Permit me, as one deeply interested in the success of the fair, and in that of the Sanitary Commission, which God speed in its good work, to c;dl your attention to a matter of some importance. " Before the resolutions against raffling were announced, many ladies had made, as their donation to the fair, rare and beautiful fancy articles, as deli- cate as they were valuable. These they wished to dispose of at their real value, often amounting to a large sum. Now, let me ask, how can we do this, while raffling is rigorously and entirely excluded? With the exception of the more wealthy part_ of the community, people cannot afford to spend fifty or sixty dollars on a single fancy article, although perfectly willing to acknowl- edge that it is worth the money; and where they would gladly take a dollar share, go away without contributing their mite to the treasury. "Now, surely, if a man wins an afghan or a bouquet of wax flowers at a fair stall, he need not go and ruin his family at a faro-table. Assisting the soldier to fight our common enemy, is not an act likely to be associated with ' fighting the tiger.' There need be no raffles at the Children's Department, if they are thought likely to lead the youthful mind out of the way it should go ; and surely, allowing beautiful articles to go to ruin in the dust, as they are now doing, to be finally disposed of at auction for a mere song, is not the best way to roll up a pile of substantial and much needed greenbacks. "Now do, most courteous, brave, and liberal signers and signoras, who have so well sustained your part in this our eifort to aid our sanitaiy brethren, yield a little in this respect. Don't strain at such a gnat as a dollar share in a wax doll, while the tremendous camel of an army of sick and wounded men remains to be disposed of "Our soldiers have been not unready at that great lottery, the draft. Those on whom the lot fell went gladly and willingly to yield up their lives and their all in the service of our country. Let us, bearing this in mind, avail ourselves of the readiest means in our power to serve those ' who suft'er that we may enjoy,' taking good heed meanwhile to enforce the weightier matters of the law, and be assured we shall be held blameless in this matter also. "An Assistant at the Fair." The case has thus been presented by the prosecuting attorney, and the counsel for the defence has been heard at length. To what judge and jury shall the decision be submitted ? To the ladies and gentlemen of the Mary- land State Fair, at Baltimore, half the proceeds of which were to go to the 110 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Christian Commission ? They permitted raffling. To the ladies and gentle- men of the Great Central Fair at Philadelphia? There was no raffling at this fair. Suppose we give the casting vote to Boston, a city renowned for sobri- ety and practical views. "What was done in regard to raffles at the National Sailors' Fair, held many months after the case, as above argued, had been submitted to the country ? The people of Boston, then, who hold that it is not well to go to the theatre on Saturday evenings, whose play-houses, lately shut by law on those evenings, are now closed by common consent, decided that there was no gambling in sanitary raffling ; that the essential element, the desire to win, was wanting, and they therefore disposed of every article which did not otherwise obtain an owner, by raffles. Wares in infinite variety and num- bered by thousands were thus made to yield an ample revenue, and the par- ticipators, at least, do not believe that they or their neighbors are any the worse for it. These instances only show that the arguments have convinced no one, that all have maintained their original convictions, and, as we said before, that public opinion is, and is likely to remain, divided. So much for general views. "We now come to the details, as seen in the operations of the Aid Societies, nine-tenths of which are auxiliary to the San- itary Commission, some few being independent. There were, at one time, fifteen thousand of them, the most of them subject and tributary to some cen- tral society in their neighborhood, as the greater part of those of the State of Wisconsin are to that of Milwaukie. Want of space forbids our giving the reports of more than some thirty of them, but as these embrace the smaller societies, and as the whole ground is thus covered, the view obtained will be complete. The reader will hardly rise from the contemplation of these won- derful labors of women, without a new and expanded appreciation of the aptitudes and capacities of the sex which men, with derisive gallantry, have agreed to call "fair." Say that Niagara is "nice," and that the Mammoth Cave is "sweet," but let us talk of the fair sex no more. Look in at the nearest bee-hive and see who the drones are. They are the males, and they do no work. Let us say the wonderful sex, the well deserving sex, the sex that can set an example ; but let us not again seek to make of the least of woman's attributes her sole distinctive claim. CHAPTEE V. AID SOCIETIES AUXILIARY TO THE SANITARY COMMISSION. OFFICE OF A D SOCIETY We now proceed to give, in oitlcr of date, brief sketches of the origin, labors, and sources of supply, of the more important Auxiliary Societies and Branches of the Sanitary Commission. Some of those mentioned have, it is true, acted independently for a time ; others have not always sent their sup- plies through the commission, making some jjarticular regiment or hospital the recipient of an invoice from time to time; but they have, nevertheless, generally acted in concert with the national organization. All exceptions to the rule are specified. The reader should be warned of a peculiarity in the use of the word "article," in sanitary language. So many "articles" are said to have been made, collected, and forwarded by a society in a year. The article is a very variable quantity, and its size and value fluctuate with the importance of the society recording it. A village relief association considers a pickle an article ; a branch of the commission applies the same term to a 112 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. jar of pickles. A sewing circle, having painfully elaborated a hundred yards of bandage, records them as a hundred articles ; at the receiving depot they may be registered as one package. So an article may be, in one jjlace, a pound, and in another a firkin, of butter; a cake, and anon a lx)x, of soap; an article may be a can of sardines, a barrel of vinegar, a paper of jnns ; it may be a pint bottle, a quart bottle, a demijohn, a keg, a hogshead, a pipe. As a general rule, the smaller the furnishing society the greater the subdivi- sion of the article. The reader thus placed upon his guard, we begin with the earlier societies, to which we have already incidentally referred. The women of Bridgeport, Connecticut, met together to roll bandages and prepare lint as early as the 15th of April, 1861 ; the Ladies' Eelief Society was organized after the battle of Bull Run, the primary object being to furnish hospital stores to the Sixth Connecticut Regiment. Finding, how- ever, that they were able to do more, they sent of their alnindance to other Connecticut regiments, to the Sanitary Commission, and to the hospitals at Washington. The next year the field of exertion was enlarged, and boxes were sent to Fortress Monroe, to Point Lookout, to Georgetown, to Alex- andria. The greater part of the articles furnished were from Bridgeport; but several of the neighboring towns and villages were laid under contri- bution. The society has met every week since the war began, the average attendance being twenty-five persons. Mrs. Woolsey G. Sterling was the first, and Mrs. Daniel Thatcher the second, President; Lydia E. Ward the Secretary. In three years and a half the society received and disbursed some $3,000 in money, made 902 shirts and drawers, and sent off" over 13,000 articles, not including magazines, old linen, cotton, and flannel. In one week after the battle of Gettysburg, nine boxes of clothing, jellies, etc., were dispatched. Miss Almena B. Bates, of Charlestown, Massachusetts, read the Presi- dent's call for men, on the afternoon of the 15th of April, and the idea at once occurred to her that some of the men must go from Charlestown, and that they would need aid and comfort from home. In the space of a few days Miss Bates had communicated her views to several ladies and gentlemen, and had caused a brief paper to be drawn up proposing the formation of a relief society, and setting forth its objects ; this paper was signed by a large number of ladies on the 19th of April, the day of the attack upon Massachu- setts troops ill Baltimore. A constitution was read and adopted, and a board of officers for the year was chosen on the 22d, as follows : BUNKER HILL RELIEF SOCIETY. 113 President, Mr8. Horace 0. HrrcHixs. Vice-President, Mrs. William L. HrnsoN. Secretary, Mrs. IIexrt Ltox. Treasurer, Miss Almena B. Bates. Executive Committee, Mrs. Peter IlrBBELL, •' George E. Ellis, " W. W. Wheildon, " James B. Miles, " T. T. Sawyer, " R. Williams, " George W. Little, Mrs. R. FROTinNGHAM, " John Hued, " George Hyde, " Arthur W. Tufts, " S. T. Hooper, " Fred'k Tiio.mpson, " O. C. Everett. The receipts in money during the first year were $1,825, obtained entirely from private sources; $900 of this were expended for materials, and $400 in aid to soldiers' families. The receipts in money for the second year were about $5,000, $1,300 of which came from the Bunker Ilill Association of California, in recognition of whicb bounty supplies were sent to the " Cal- ifornia Hundred." During this year 110 boxes were sent to hospitals and soldiers' homes, and more than one hundred families received aid in money, food, clothing, fuel. At one meeting, held on the 9tli of July, 1862, one hundred and seventy persons were present, and 300 articles of clothing were made at a sitting. Special contributions ena- bled the society to do something for the sailors at the Navy Yard, and to fit up a Discharged Soldiers' Home, some $500 having been given for this latter purpose. The society has never been tributary to the Sanitary Com- mission, its jiurpose having been, from the first, that Charlestown supplies should reach, if possible, Charlestown soldiers. The receipts in money during the third year were over $3,600, California 114 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. being again a generous contributor. The following table will show from what sources the society has drawn its funds : Cash from Dr. H. Lyon, collection taken at the Unitarian Church $139 00 " from G. E. Mackintire, Winthrop Church 125 6.S " from M. B. Sewall, Union M. E. Church 2.5 00 " from Mrs. G. '^. Little, Finst Baptist Church 72 25 " from Dr. and Mrs. Ellis 25 00 " from T. T. Sawyer, Universalist Church 106 50 '• Jrom Mrs. fl'illiam Ilurd 20 00 " from Nahum Chapin 25 00 " from James Hunnewell 100 00 " from Mrs. P. Hubhell, St. John's Churcli 7-4 VO " from James Hunnewell 100 00 " from Bunker Hill Association, California. . . 243 65 " from T. T. Sawyer, for Mrs. O'Brien 25 00 " from Misses Kettell and Brooks 6 50 " from Dr. J. W. Berais 20 00 " from Mrs. T. T. Sawyer 25 00 " from Charles A. Barker 25 00 " from Dr. and Mrs. Ellis 25 00 " from E. Collaraore, New York 25 00 " from A. Heath, from gentlemen's committee 110 00 " from Misses Frothinghara, Kent, and Neal 281 67 " from James Hunnewell 100 00 " from T. T. Sawyer, from Foss fund 500 00 " from .Joseph Peirce, B. H. Association, California 500 00 " from James Hunnewell 100 00 " from Committee on Entertainments, etc 070 26 " from James Hunnewell 100 00 " from Mrs. Chester Guild, Somerville 20 00 Contributions in sums less than Ten Dollars 57 50 Total $3,6-47 66 Two hundred families of soldiers were relieved ; large quantities of coal and wood were distributed, and 111 boxes forwarded to the army and the hos- pitals. Special funds were again contributed for the sailors and for the Dis- charged Soldiers' Home. Though the society, as such, did not take part in the Sanitary Fair at Boston, many citizens of Charlestown did, as individuals, and the Charlestown Table yielded a generous sum. The benefactions of the city have, from the beginning, been liberal in the extreme, and the reports of the Relief Society embrace, of course, but a small portion of the aid rendered, which has been given in many different ways and has flowed towards the army in numerous diverse channels. During the second and third 3'ears, Mrs. 0. C. Everett w-as President of the Society, and Mrs. T. T. Sawyer Vice-President, Mrs. Lyon and Miss Bates AID SOCIETY OF CLEVELAND. 116 remaining Secretary and Treasurer. Mrs. Lyon became President in 1864, ' and Mrs. Peter Hubbell, Vice-President ; Mrs. Geo. H. Braman was appointed Recording Secretary, and Mrs. S. S. Blanchard, Corresponding Secretary ; Miss Bates, as befitted the founder of the association, remained constant to the end. On the 20th of April, 1861, the Soldiers' Aid Society of Cleveland ■was organized, with the following board of officers : rrexident, Mrs. B. Eouse. Yice-Preskhntii, Miis. JoHS Shelley, Mi!.s. AVm. Melihnc ii. Secretary, Maky Clark Brayton. Treasurer^ Ellen- F. Terry. The first act of the society was to raise a fund for the temporary support of the families of the three months' men. The necessities of the recruits assembled in a neighboring camp of instruction next enlisted its sympathies ; ill clad, and unprepared for their new life, they required blankets and full supplies of clothing, and these the government was, as yet, unable to furnish. Havelocks were cut and made during the summer, and the hospital at Camp Dennison was fitted out with clothing sufficient for two regiments. These had been suddenly called for, and, as the society was without means, were paid for by two or three members only. In June, the association began to spread the information it had acquired, among the towns of Northern Ohio, by means of circulars. A determined eflbrt was made to centralize the efforts of the women of that portion of the state ; and as there was much natural ignorance to dispel, and much that might be better done in person than by lettei", the i:)resident of the society visited towns, villages, families, and neighborhoods, and by her advice, explanations, and appeals, did much to create that interest and sympathy which have made the fourteen counties tributary to Cleveland one of the richest of the sanitary districts. A large office and store were placed, rent free, at the society's disposal, by tlieir owner ; regular meetings were appointed, and the sum of twenty-five cents was exacted from each member at each meeting. The stores collected were, naturally, distributed in Western camps and upor Western battle-fields. 116 THE TRir.UTE BOOK. As tlie work thus done augmented and as the opportunities for usefulness increased, the sense of responsibility deepened, and the hazards of transporta- tion and difficulties of guarding against waste imjDelled the society to seek some more extended and systematic plan of action. The Sanitary Commission stood ready to absorb and assimilate ; the Aid Society asked nothing better than absorption and assimilation. So the ladles of Cleveland proposed, and were accepted, and Mr. Olmsted wrote the letter of acceptance on the 16th of October. As an act of justice to the contributing counties, containing five hundred auxiliary associations, the society changed its name, and was there- after known as the " Woman's Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio, Branch of the Sanitary Commission." The branch was ordered to report to Dr. Newberry, Associate Secretary of the West. The number of articles received or made in the society in the first six months was nearly 70,000. The floating hospitals that sped upon western and southern rivers in 1862 and '63 were, on several occasions, entirely freighted with the stores of the Cleveland branch, or with goods purchased by its authority at Cincinnati ; a portion of the Marine Hospital was opened for the reception of disabled sol- diers through its influence ; and a temporary Soldiers' Home was established for the convenience and comfort of passing regiments. In the fall of 1863, $2,000 were obtained ifor the special purpose of building an immense perma- nent Home : such a structure was put up, and soon afterwards gave meals and shelter to about two thousand soldiers a month. The official reports of this society furnish the following incident : " Every Saturday morning finds Emma Andrews, ten years of age, at the rooms of the Aid Society, with an application for work. Her little basket is soon filled with pieces of half-worn linen, which, during the week, she cuts into towels or handkerchiefs, and returns, neatly washed and ironed, at her next visit. Her busy fingers have already imade two hundred and twentv- nine towels, and the patriotic little girl is still earnestly engaged in her work."' The Women's Eelief Association of Poughkeepsie, New York, was organized on the 24th of April, 1861, and has been in steady operation since that time, receiving the constant support of the people of the city, and regular contributions from aid societies in Dutchess and Ulster Counties. The follow- ing ladies have, at different times, sei-ved as officers of the association: Presiderits, Mks. John Thompsox, Mks. Wixthrop Atwill, " Wm. Henry Crosby, James Wixslow. POUrrllKEEPSIE AND EAST CAMBRIDGE. 117 Treas^irers, Miss Sarah M. Carpenter, Miss Mart Johnston, Miss Mary V. Parker. Secretaries, Mrs. Henry L. Young, Miss Sarah Smith, Miss Jdlia N. Crosby. Vice-Presidents, Mrs. Benson J. Lossing, Mrs. Richard Batley, " Wm. Uenry Crosby, " George Wilkinson, " Wm. S. Morgan, " Joseph Wright, " James Emott, " Edward Van Valkenbuegh, " J. G. Parker, " George Innis, " Winthrop Atwill, " H. G. Eastman. The society has received, in cash, about $4,000, and had forwarded on February 1st, 1866, for hospital and army use, one hundred and twenty-four boxes and barrels, of the estimated value of $13,500. The Poughkeepsie Fund for the Eelief of Soldiers' Families, which was placed originally in the hands of a gentlemen's committee, was not long ago transferred to the Women's Association, a committee of which was appointed to attend to its disbursement. The amount raised for this object, since the commencement of the war, is nearly $25,000. Immediately after the battle of Gettysburg, a special committee of the citizens of Poughkeepsie was appointed to caiTy relief to the sufferers. About $2,000 were raised in view of this particular need. The ladies of East Cambridge, Massachusetts, met for the first time in April, 1861, to fit out Company A of the Massachusetts Sixteenth with flannel shirts, socks, towels, handkerchiefs, &c. For more than a year from this time, though a great deal of work was done, little or no account was kept of it or of its value. An organization was effected in September, 1862, the society — Mrs. R. J. Knight, President — numbering four hundred members, two hundred and thirty of whom were ladies. From tliis date to April, 186i, all its supplies were sent to the Sanitary Commission ; since April, they have been divided equally between the Sanitary and Christian Commissions. The following table will show from what sources the East Cambridge Society has drawn its funds : April, ISHl. Subscriptions to fit out Company A, Sixteenth Regiment $327 39 " Collection in Baptist Society 150 00 " " in Pniversalist Society 200 00 " " in Methodist " 120 00 118 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. April, ISni. Collection in Unitarian Society $472 45 " "in Orthodox " 1 25 00 " Individual donations 1,000 00 " Grammar schools' contribution 300 00 18('i2. Assessments, subscriptions, and collections 709 25 April, 18G4. Proceeds of a social levee 618 00 Nov., •• Church collections for a Thanksgiving dinner for soldiers' families. . 142 05 .Tan., 1805. Proceeds of a dramatic entertainment for soldiers and cliildren 150 00 " " Proceeds of an entertainment given by the Shakspearo class 200 00 Total $4,604 14 The Soldiers' Aid Association of IIartfokd, Connecticut, was organ- ized in May, 1861 ; its object was declared to be "the supjjlying of Connecti- cut soldiers with articles of necessity and comfort not provided by govern- ment." Its operations were at first conducted upon this plan; but, in its third year, the society, having found it to its advantage, and to that of Connecticut soldiers, to dispense its stores through the Sanitary Commission, sent more than half of its collections through that channel. Indeed, in the year 1863, out of the twenty-five Connecticut regiments in the field, only six of them received special donations from the Hartford Society. The following table shows the destination of the one hundred and seventy-seven boxes sent out by it during the year 1863 : To the Sanitary Commis.sion 100 To ten United States hospitals 26 To Connecticut Relief Association, Wasliington 18 To N. E. Relief Association, New York 2 To Christian Commission 4 To six Connecticut regiments 18 To NineteeTith Regiment, U. S. Colored Troops 1 Special relief 8 Total 177 Of the one hundred cases sent to the Sanitary Commission, twenty-three contained dried fruits, jellies, i^reserves, jjicklcs, wine, and spirits. The wives and children of soldiers, not only in Hartford but elsewhere, were the recipients of the eight special relief boxes. From Mrs. Cowen's report for the year 1863 we make the following extract upon financial matters : " We find ourselves at the close of the year without a single unpaid obligation, with a small stock of materials still on hand, and a goodly balance in our treasury. We have also pledged to us for the coming year, in monthly subscriiDtions, not less than five hundred dollars per month, and, while our expenses average a thousand, we may safely rely ujion casual contributions to make itp that HARTFORD AID SOCIETY. 119 amount. To our steadfast friend, Mr. Alfred Smith, we owe this system of monthly payments, which, headed by himself in the noble sura of six hun- dred dollars per annum, has been extended and made more jDractical by the efficient exertions of Colonel Bunce, Mr. Cornish, Mr. Eobinson, and others." The society acknowledged its indebted- ness to Mr. Allyn and Gen. Hillyer, for rooms rent free ; to the Hartford Steamboat Company, for gratuitous transportation ; and to city expresses for the use of their wagons without charge. The following was the list of officers for the year 1863-4 : -^s%-4- First Directress, Mrs. Sidney J. Cowen. Second " " Roswell Brown. Third " " A. F. Hastings. Secretary and Assistant Treasurer, Mrs. S. J. Cow EN. Recording Secretary, Miss S. L. Blanciiaed. Treasurer, Me. F. A. Beown. Managers, Mes. J. n. AsnMEAD, Mrs. p. .Ieweh, " M. II. BrELL, " AVm. T. Lee, " Wm. Boaedman, " D. Phillips, " G. I. Beown, " W. W. Roberts, " E. COI-EMAN, " N. Starkweather, " F. ClIAMBERLIN, " Alltn S. Stillman, " N. COLTON, " H. L. Sdmnee, " Foster, " W. T. Steickland, Miss L. Gillette, " C. A. Taft, Mrs. a. G. Hammond, Miss Maey Talcott, Miss Harbison, " Jane Woodbeidge, Mrs. Tiieron Ives, Mrs. Oswin Wells, " J. F. JrDD, " T. J. Work. The cash donations for 1863 were as follows: From auxiliary societies $1,400 21 " Tableaux I,fi21 IS " Xew Britaiu 1,324 25 " Alfred Smith 800 00 " H. C. Beckwith 075 00 From Owen, Day & Root . $500 00 '• Conn. Vols., 22(1 Reg... 463 04 " Lee, Sisson & Co 300 00 " I);iy, Griswolfl & Co 200 00 '■ Thomas Smith 175 00 120 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. From Mrs. Warbiirton $150 00 " Collins Brothers & Co. . . . 150 00 " n. A. Perkins 125 00 " Mrs. James Goodwin .... 125 00 " balance of Commissary fnnds, by G. P. Bissell. . 115 00 " J. G. Batterson 100 00 " Thomas Belknap 100 00 " Kobert Bnell 100 00 " Charles II. Brainard 100 00 " James G. Bolles 100 00 " Beach & Co 100 00 " Joseph Church 100 00 " David Clark 100 00 " Mr. Niles 100 00 " E. Flower 100 00 " Wm. II. Green 100 00 " James Goodwin 100 00 " Ilungerford & Cone 100 00 " nillyer & Bunce 100 00 " Hunt, Holbrook & Barber 100 00 " E. K Kellogg & Co 100 00 " Henry Kency 100 00 " ^^'m. T. Lee 100 00 " -C. M. Pond 100 00 " Starr, Burkett & Co 100 00 " F.Tyler 100 00 " Robert Watkinson 100 00 " Calvin Day 100 00 " E. R. Goodridge & Co ... . 91 74 " D. Phillips 90 00 " Bolles, Sexton & Co 75 00 " Cheney Brothers 75 00 '• James L. Howard & Co.. . 75 00 " L. C. Ives 75 00 " N. Kingsbury 75 00 " J. C. Parsons 75 00 " President Eliot 70 00 " Avails of Children's Fair . 61 66 " Mrs. Russell Bunce 60 00 " Leonard Church GO 00 Total From J. B. Hosmer " A Friend, Mrs. T " Lucius Barber " Judge Ellsworth " E. Fessenden " Mrs. E. Flower " John Hooker " P. Jewell & Sons " J. F. Judd & Co " George Perkins " Charles Seymour " N. Shipman " S. G. Tuttle " Miss Mary W. Wells . . . " Samuel Mather " Invalid Dinner " Miss Ellen Watkinson . " Oswin Wells " Smith, Bourne & Co. . . " Mrs. T. S. Williams " Edward Wells " John Beach " Jonathan Bunce " Mrs. Leonard Church . . " C. 0. Lyman " Talcott & Post " Mrs. Edwin S. Tyler... " C. S. Weatherby& Co. " Lieut. -Col. Burnham. . . " Foster & Co " Appleton R. Hillyer . . . " Mrs. C. T. Hillyer " Miss Lusk " W. N. Matson " Aaron Pierson " L. H. Porter " S. S. Ward " Mrs. Edwin Taylor . . . . " Mrs. L. F. Sargeant . . . All others $55 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 47 50 45 00 40 00 37 50 30 00 30 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 564 74 .$13,252 42 On the loth of May, 1861, a meeting of the ladies of Lockport, New York, was held for the purpose of concerting measures to provide for the comfort of the four companies of the Thirty-eighth New York Eegiment, raised in Lock- port. On the 18th of June, the Ladies' Yolunteee Aid Society was organ- ized, with the following officers: Mrs. B. A. McNall, President; Mrs. James Ferguson, Vice-President; Mrs. E. Gridley, Secretary; Miss Julia A. Shuler, NE^\^3URG^ aid sociE'n'. 121 Treasurer. Some six montlis afterwards, Mrs. Ferguson became President, Mrs. Dr. Caldwell, Vice-President, and Mrs. Cliarles Craig, Secretary. These ladies, with Miss Shuler as Treasurer, continued in office to the end of the war. The ^A i' ^^'1 // irrr /^ -iX.^S£J^is 't.W 6TUAWBEBRY FESTIVAL FOR THE SOLDIERS. society has sent the greater part of its supjjlies through the Sanitary Commis- sion, though it has done a vast deal of incidental work, such as furnishing particular regiments with necessaries, contributing stores to hospitals in Wash- ington, distributing relief among soldiers' flimilies, making collections in behalf of individuals specially needing or deserving assistance, and giving dinners and festivals to departing and returning regiments and batteries. The Soldiers' Aid Society of Newburgh, New York, was organized on the 30th of July, 1861. The fii-st box was sent to Washington, but the second, and thenceforward all its supplies, with an occasional exception, were sent to the Sanitary Commission, through the Women's Central Eelief Asso- ciation. In the winter of 1863 the society undertook to do something for the relief of soldiers' families, and has since given out all garments to their wives 122 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. and daughters to make. It lias furuished ten thousand pieces of various kinds, and fifty boxes and barrels of wines, jellies, cordials, &c. The following is a list of its ofi&cers for 1865 : Preiident, Mrs. a. D. Fokstth; Vice-President, Mrs. E. Hasbrouok ; Treasurer of Hospital Fund, Mrs. C. B. Heurtley; Treasurer of Family Relief Fund, Mrs. M. F. C. Strong; Secretary, Mrs. E. W. Saunders ; with a board of managers selected from the various churches. To two funds, for hospital and family relief, some $8,000 had, a short time since, been con- tributed. The Soldiers' Eelief Committee of Worcester, Massachusetts, was organized on the 1st of October, 1861, by the election of the following ofi&cers : President, Mrs. Charles WAsnauRN. Secretary, Mrs. E. C. B. Miller. Treasurer, Mrs. Wm. Dickinson. Two ladies from each religious society in the city formed the committees for cutting out work, making up packages, &c. The first year, eighty l)oxes and twelve barrels of clothing and hospital supplies were forwarded, the con- tents being about ten thousand articles, besides large quantities of delicate food. Numerous towns and villages were tributary to Worcester in this work. At the commencement of the second year, Mrs. Miller resigned, and Mrs. E. A. Goodwin became Corresponding Secretary, and Miss Mary Bigelow, Recording Secretary. During this year, one hundred and sixty-two boxes and barrels were sent to the front and to the several commissions, their con- ents being fourteen thousand articles. A Soldiers' Rest, consisting of two rooms, was established during this year. The rent was at first given by Mr. TOLEDO AID SOCIETY. 123 Freeland, the owner of the building, and was afterwards paid by the city. The rooms were furnished from the proceeds of a collection ; the wages of the man in charge were paid by the Gentlemen's Relief Committee, and meals were sent with generous frequency from the refreshment saloon in the railroad station. During the third year, the number of boxes and barrels rose to two hundred and sixty, and the number of articles contained in them to fifteen thousand. The number of towns and villages acting as auxiliaries was con- stantly increasing, till they were no less than fifty-five. The following table gives a \ievf of the sources upon which the society drew, and of the extent to which their calls were honored : FiKST Year. From individual subsoi'iptions §286 44 Fi'oin private tlieatricals $75 54 " Gentleiiieirs Relief Fund. .. . 87 75 " children's concert 5 00 " Churclies 40 10 " collection box 32 64 " adjoining towns 30 00 " ladies' levee 696 24 Total $1,259 71 Second Yeak. From Gentlemen's Relief Fund . .$1,251 00 From other towns $162 58 " the city 100 00 " Sons of Temperance 11 05 " private theatricals 375 00 " First Unitarian Society 25 00 " calico ball 29191 " individuals 371 85 " dancing school exhibition. . 39 44 " little girls' fairs, &c 22 04 Charlton 150 00 Total $2,699 87 $23 27 231 47 543 41 196 80 17 30 Third Year. From Worcester County Fair $3,158 00 From a lecture by Capt. Hussey.. " Sales at Rest 47 15 " interest on bonds " Gentlemen's Relief Fund. 70 38 " individuals " Children's Fair 28 40 " collection box " Schools 4 41 " Clappville, &c " All Saints' Church 46 00 Total $4,367 19 The Soldiers' Aid Society of Toledo, Ohio, was organized on the 9th of October, 1861, and at once became an auxiliary of the Cleveland Branch of the Sanitary Commission. The following was the board of officers for the first year: President, Mrs. S. a. Raymond. Vice- Prcn ideii Is. Mrs. J. N. Stevens. Mi;s. E. Perigo. 124 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Treax^ireriii Mrs. 0. E. "Winans (resigned in May), Miss E. R. Bissell. Secretaries, Mes. Alex. Reed, Recording Secretary (resigned in May), Mus. M. R. Waite. Mrs. J. R. Osborne, Cor. Sec'y. Directors. Mrs. Wm. Krat-s, Toledo. Mrs. Ensigjj, East Toledo. " A. D. Pelto.v, " " Crane, " " " E. P. Bassett, " " Wm. Taylor, Java, Lncas Co. " D. Steele, " Miss Tract, Treniainsville. " W. Baker, " Mrs. G. W. Reynolds, Maumee. " D. E. Merrill, " " Limberick, " " Dr. Bigelow, " Miss Dix, " " M. Ratiibun, " Mrs. Perrin, Perrysbnrg. Miss K. Shoemaker, " " Westcott, " " L. Bkonson, " This society has been, from the first, a most efficient one, and has shown as much tact in obtaining money as judgment in disbursing it. Now by a Continental Tea Party, anon by a Union Eally, and throughout the war by memberships and donations, they have kept their exchequer full ; and they have as pertinaciously sought to empty it. Once it was empty, or would have been, had not a gentleman, who was then, is now, and perhaps always will be unknown, given five hundred reasons for believing the contrary. It is plain that however numerous the bayonets the city may have sent forth, at least one Toledo blade was left at home. Mrs. J. T. Newton was President of the society during its second and third years. The first action taken in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in aid of the army, was the holding of a meeting of ladies on the 19th of October, 1861. They adopted the name of Ladies' Association of Milwaukee for the Aid of Military Hospi- tals ; afterwards, when events showed that aid could be as efifectually rendered to the soldier at the front as to the invalid in the hospital, this was changed to that of Soldiers' Aid Society of Milwaukee. The following officers were chosen for the first year : President, Mrs. C. a. Keeler. Vice- Pres ide n ts, Mrs. Alex. Mitchell, Mrs. Vi". B. IIibbard. Recording Secretary, i[RS. William .Jackson. MILWAUKEE AID SOCIETY. 125 Mrs. J. P. T. Inoraham, " Castleman, " A. Green, " A. J. AlKENS, " J. A. Lapham, " R. D. Jennings, " W. Burke, " Chas. Cain, " W. L. Hinsdale, " T. M. GWYNN, " 0. C. Own, Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. JosEi'ii S. Colt. Treasurer, Mrs. John Nazro. Managers, Mrs. M. FiNcit, " .J. Iniiuscii, " R. Austin, " Waldo, " Nash, Miss Bradford, Mrs. Geo. II. Walker, " Button, " Delafield, " G. P. Hewitt, " W. D. Love, " HUBBELL, Mrs. Furlono, " B. McVlCKAR, " Shanks, " Wm. Allen, " Staples, " James IIolton, " Tweedy, " W. Sanderson, " Odt, " Jas. IIosford, " S. 11. Martin. Wisconsin being a large and, of course, sparsely settled state, it required time to establish auxiliaries in tlie numerous and widely separated towns, villages, and neighborhoods, and to enter into relations with them as the central society. This was effected, however- — in a gi-eat degree through the zeal of Mrs. Colt, the Corresponding Secretary — and in 1804 three hundred Aid Societies sent their offerings through the parent association ; these consisted of no less than two thousand nine hundred and eighteen boxes, containing clothing and stores of the value of §50,000. Wisconsin bore an honorable part also in the fairs at Chicago, St. Louis, and Dubuque. The following summary, from a late official report, speaks for itself. " We have sent supplies to the hospitals in our state, particularly to the Harvey Hospital, in which we take a ^^eculiar interest. "Our commission gave to every wounded man that could be reached after the battle of Resaca a fresh orange or lemon, to assuage the burning thirst which invariably follows wounds. " We have poured down the Cumberland, Tennessee, and Mississippi, from Wisconsin, two thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven barrels of pickles and other anti-scorbutics, upon the first call. In six months our gifts have amounted to more than $25,000 in value, and tiiis from a state with no large cities and not a rich poj)ulatiori. "The gentlemen of Milwaukee, with their usual generosity, have stood by us, believed in us, and, more essential than all, sujiported us nobly. " Our auxiliaries have responded at once to all our calls, and they have been 126 THE TRIBUTE 13O0K. mauy ; at least nine hundred circulars have in three months been sent to every part of the state, and not in vain. " We have carefully repacked every article, looking them over with much interest, knowing how much of heart and touching tenderness there was in every box. Every barrel of late potatoes was opened, assorted, and the eyes rubbed off, before going to the hospitals. " We have paid §967 for soldiers' families in transitu and various purchases not included in hospital supplies. "It will be seen by the Treasurers report, that with the capital given us, with the help of auxiliaries, we have produced large results. It will also be seen that, without a fair, Wisconsin gives the Sanitary Commission, through the Northwestern Branch, at least $50,000 or $60,000 a year. " There are several important places that on account of locality send directly to Chicago, and they are not reported here, which would no doubt swell the aggregate value to several thousand more." The following statement, that of the year 1864, will show from what sources the Milwaukee Society derives its ready money, with which to furnish auxiliaries with material, to purchase anti-scorbutics, and to move and apply the stores thus obtained : From weekly and monthly contrilmtions and donations from the citizens of Milwaukee $8,683 95 " Thanksgiving offerings 109 00 " soldiers' aid societies, 1st six months 832 14 " » " 2d " 873 15 " churches 195 30 " church festivals 64 13 " Mr. G. H. McVickar, of the Chicago Theatre 100 00 " a concert at Grand Rapids 11 00 " an amateur entertainment at Milwaukee 479 25 " the young men of Racine College 81 50 " the Skating Park Fund 99 18 " Fond du Lac 400 00 " Mr. James E. Murdoch's two lectures for soldiers' wives and families 397 38 " all other sources 886 92 Total $13,212 90 The name of Mr. James E. Murdock occurs in the above table, in which he is reported to have given the proceeds of two readings, nearly $400, to the Milwaukee Society. The efforts of Mr. Murdock, with whose career as an actor and elocutionist all are familiar, to rouse the enthusiasm of the young men of the countrv, and to sustain it when exposed to discouragement, his MR. MURDOCK'S READINGS. 127 labors in behalf of tlie aid societies from one end of tlic land to the other, entitle him to more than this passing notice. Mr. Murdock arrived at Pitts- burgh, to fulfil a professional engagement, during the week whicli followed the attack upon Fort Sumter. He there learned that his youngest son had enlisted MR. MIIRDUCK ItKADlNU To SULDIEItS IN A HOSPITAL. in a regiment of Zouaves, and was on his way to Washington. He threw up his engagement and hastened after liim. He overtook him at Lancaster, and finding him resolved to persevere in his course, confirmed his determination by giving him his blessing. The regiment called upon Mr. Murdock for a speech, and the remarks which he made in reply had, whatever their influence upon others, a remarkable effect upon himself The counsel he gave to his audience he took to heart, and having preached, determined to practise. He abandoned his profession, resolved to devote his time and energies to the cause of his coimtry until the restoration of union and peace. This resolution he has religiously adhered to. No man has done more, by reading and delivering patriotic poems and war lyrics, to raise the enthusiasm of his hearers ; no man has done more, by recitations in the hospitals, to sustain and fortify against despondency the sick and wounded; and no man has done as rnuuli in aid of 128 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. the treasuries of relief and benevolent associations, by exercising a special profession in their behalf. Mr. Murdock's readings have sent many a recruit to the armies, have nerved him in the hour of danger, and comforted him in time of suffering. Since the war commenced, Mr. Murdoch has read or spoken before at least three hundred thousand persons ; he has recited " The Sleeping Sentinel" almost under the enemy's guns, and told the story of " The Cumber- land" to men who forgot their hunger in their emotion, and who waved defiance with their crutches. There is hardly an aid society in the North that has not been indebted to one of Mr. Murdock's entertainments for sums varying from fifty to three hundred dollars, and the aggregate can be told only by tens of thousands. Mr. Murdoch has published a small book of extracts from his lectures and readings for the benefit of soldiers' families. The son from whom Mr. Murdoch parted at Lancaster was successively made lieutenant and captain, for gallantry at Shiloh and Stone Eiver. He fell at the head of the line of battle at Chickamauga, and lies buried under the sod of that bloody field. An elder brother, captain at Chickamauga, came out of that terrible struggle alive, but so shattered in health that he was compelled to leave the army. Mr. Murdoch himself has been in the thirty days' service, and has acted upon the staff of General Eousseau. In November, 1864, Mr. Murdoch received an ovation at the hands of the Cincinnatians, and a flag at the hands of General Hooker. " Not a sanitary commission in the west," said the mayor, on this occasion, " but has had its stores increased by the labors of Mr. Murdoch; not a hospital but has been, directly or indirectly, strengthened in its usefulness by his unfaltering endeavors." The Ladies' Union Aid Society of Auburn, New York, was organised on the 21st of October, 1861. The following ladies have served as its ofiScers from time to time : as President, Mrs. Hewson and Mrs. Merriman ; as Vice- President, Mrs. B. F. Hall, Mrs. Cox, and Mrs. Titus ; as Treasurer, Mrs. 0. F. Knapp and Mrs. Perry ; as Secretary, Mrs. P. P. Bishop and Mrs. C. P. Under- wood. Miss Lillie Condit was made assistant secretary in the 'second year. The first managers were : Mus. Nelson, Mi:s. Oobh, Mns. Pomerot, " Cornell, " Chedell, " Bartlett. Since its foundation, the society has collected about $7,500 in money, and has received, prepared, and forwarded some $13,000 worth of supplies. A treasurer's report, taken at random — that for the third year, for instance — gives a glimpse of the society's resources : ALBANY RELIEF ASSOCL\TION. 129 Individual contributions $592 00 Montldy collections 222 83 Proceeds of Mr. Hisliop's Poem , . 73 60 Donation from Mr. Clias. P. Wood 25 00 Donation from St. Peter'.s Church 60 00 Donation frcmi Methodist Church. 1-i 45 Donation from the Universalist Church 52 TO Donation from Mr. (leorge Letch- worth 20 00 Net proceeds of First and Second Concerts 2'JS 30 SSO 00 Donation from Young Men's Chris- tian Association '. Donation from Owasoo School Dis- trict Donation from Woolen Factory . . Donation from Mr. Knfus Sargent. Donation from Ilayden & Letch- worth Net proceeds of Third Concert. . . Donation from D. M. Osborn & Co. Net proceeds of Collation 516 20 43 00 55 00 25 Oil 50 00 153 8(1 200 OO Total $2,451 88 The reader cannot be too often reminded that not a tithe of the total contributions of a city or town appears in the returns of its local aid or relief society. What is given to the several commissions forms, of course, part of their receipts, and appears in their acknowledgment ; but much has been done that has not been recorded, and much has been forgotten, whether recorded or not. On the 1st of November, 1861, a society of ladies called The Army Relief Association, was organized in Albany, New York, the members of the Executive Committee being as follows : Mk.s. E. D. Morgan, Prexiilent. " Wm. Barnes, Secrclanj. " Wm. B. Speaoue, " E. P. Rogers, " S. T. Seelte, " Ray Palmer, " Mark Trafton, " A. D. Mayo, " J. MoNAroiiTON, " CnAS. M. Jenkins, Mrs. Geo. II. Tiiacher, " Eli Perry, " Thomas IIun, '•'■ Jacob Lansing, " Ransom, " James Hall, " Otis Allen, " Geo. B. Steele, Miss C. Pruyn, Chas. B. Redfieli), Trensurer. This society has acted from the first as an auxiliary of the Sanitary Com- mission, and during its first year forwarded ninety-seven boxes of hospital stores and clothing, and among them one thousand pillow-cases, made by Miss Skerritt's pupils, and four hundred and forty sheets, made by the young ladies of the Female Academy. Over $1,000 were received from the churches of the city, by means of collections taken after the battles of South Mountain and Antietam. The cash receipts for the year were nearly $2,500. During the second year Mrs. Morgan resigned, and was succeeded by Mrs. Horatio Seymour. Seventy boxes were dispatched during this year, and 130 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. $1,750 received. Early in 1863 the secretary of the society was appointed Associate Manager of the Sanitary Commission, and it became a part of her duty to ascertain whether there was a Soldiers' Aid Society in every town of Albany and Schoharie Counties, and to urge the formation of one where none existed, and to endeavor to make all, whether old or new, auxiliaries of the commission. A good deal of indifference was met and combated, and several societies were organized ; and in places where this proved impossible, two or three earnest women would be found, who would agree to collect supplies indi-vidually in their villages and send them to Albany. In the third year, the society received $15,000 of the proceeds of the Army Eelief Bazaar, $6,000 of which were expended in the purchase of material. Fifty-one boxes were forwarded. The Soldiers' Aid Society of Columbus, Ohio, was organized on the 21st of October, 1861, as a branch of the Sanitary Commission. Its money receipts have been about $7,000 a year, and relief to soldiers' families has formed a large part of its work. The officers for 1864 were as follows: President, Mrs. W. I. KuHNS. Vice-Presidents, Mrs. S. J. Hayek, Mr8. L. J. Weaver. Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Mart C. Haxfokd, Mrs. Geo. TV. IIetl. Treasurer, Mrs. JosEi'ii II. Geiger. Purchasing Committee, Me8. Geo. Geiger, Mrs. Jas. Beebe, Mrs. Ales. Houston. Hospital Committee, Mrs. Dr. Jones, Mrs. IIayer. The New England Women's Auxiliaet Association was organized in Boston on the 12th of December, 1861, with the following board of officers : President, Vice-President, John Ware. Samuel G. Howe. Secretary, Treasurer, RuFus Ellis. George Higgixson. The object was to centralize the efforts of the women of New England, and to draw them into closer communion with the Sanitary Commission — THE NEW ENGLAND WOMEN'S ASSOCIATIOX. 131 not only to augment the products of their labor, but to guide them into what was believed to be the most direct channel of communication with the army. During the year seven hundred and fifty auxiliary societies were fomied in the towns, villages, and neighborhoods of New England, all zealous in collecting money and donations, in cutting and making soldiers' clothing, and in forwarding them to the central society in Boston. Correspondence was maintained with each subordinate association, information received from Washington was circulated at once throughout the country, and every sewing- circle was duly informed of wliat were the prospective needs of the army, so that no unnecessary stitches might be set. Nearly one hundred associate managers were appointed, one, and in some cases two, for every considerable town in the New England States. These ladies came into personal relations with thousands who could not have been as effectively reached by letter, combating and dispelling doubts, meeting and courting inquiry, and reporting progress to head-quarters. Ladies and gentlemen met daily at 22 Summer Street, to unpack, assort, repack and forward stores. Other ladies met to cast accounts, to keep formidable records of debt and credit, to write letters by the hundred, to acknowledge the receipt of boxes innumerable. The rooms occupied by the association brought their owner no rent ; the barrels and boxes sent from Summer Street paid the railroad and express companies no freight. During the first year the Industrial Committee cut over 34,000 articles, giving them out to sewing-circles or to jjoor seamstresses, the latter being paid for their work, but not from the funds of the association. Many persons who had already given the material, gave the labor also, by proxy ; and, in these cases, the needle-women received a fair living price for their work. The association forwarded some 325,000 articles, receiving from individuals and societies, from musical, theatrical and other entertainments, and from children's fairs, a little over $29,000. It had also been entnisted with $3,000 by the Sanitary Commission for the purchase of material. During the second year, the association forwarded 255,000 articles, diistributed 42,000 pamphlets, and received $65,000. The Industrial Com- mittee cut 29,000 pieces — a piece being now a bed-sack, now a shirt, now a pair of slippers, now a sheet, now a pair of drawers, and now a pillow-case. The material for the 29,000 articles cost $27,000, the labor, as before, costing nothing, or if a portion was paid for, it was not a matter for official record. The operations of the society during the third and a part of the fourth years proceeded on a scale somewhat larger than during the first and second. From a monthly report of Abby W. May, Chairman of the Executive i:-i2 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Committee, we make the following extract, which we believe no man can read without profit, and which will enlarge the ideas of some men as much as would the European tour : " The second month of the new year has passed very quietly, leaving us nothing new or strange to record. Our work has gone steadily on in New England ; and from the Canada line — sometimes indeed overrunning the boundaries — 'to our Southern borders, from the most eastern snow-banks of Maine to our western limit, have come well-filled boxes, 2'43 in all, of comforts for the soldiers and sailors of our mighty army. Each day the ever- welcome postman has brought us the pile of letters, full of intelligence, of sympathy and of determination, which daily strengthen us anew for our work, and fill us with rejoicings, for the soldiers' sake, that such an interest in their welfare is so fully established everywhere in our land. "Does some one sneeringly say 'we are very far in the rear?' No! we deny tlie rebuff. The women of America have stood ready to go into the fore front of the battle. Their sympathies, their prayers have been there. Who will dare to say this is of small account in the fighting power of our men ? They have been present in person on the field, where need of their services existed. Witness the labors of Amy Bradley, of Helen Gilson, of ' Mother Bickerdyke,' and many another Florence Nightingale of America. They have blessed scores of hospitals with their quiet ministrations. And hundreds of women have stood, and still stand, ready to do similar service, whenever the need occurs. But they have been the fortunate few whose presence has been needed on the field — the one in a thousand. What have the other nine hundred and ninety-nine been doing? Almost to a woman they have labored faithfully at home, giving money when they had it to give — giving costlier and more jirecious offerings of time and thought and strength to the cause that is as dear to the women as to the men of America. " Does it seem to savor a little of self-glorification tliat we, a committee of women, should speak thus of woman's part in our great contest ? We can only say we have no such thought or feeling. Our work is easy — a privilege, not a sacrifice. But we long to do justice to the women's work as it comes before our eyes, as it is confided to our hands. We long to tell to every one what our letters and the contents of the boxes tell to us. It is a story unmatched, we believe, certainly unsurpassed in the life of the race — full of simplicity, sincerity, and heartiness, whose details can never be told, but whose result is a daily blessing to all wlio share in it, and an inheritance of which coming generations may well be proud." THE RTIi'tDE IS^LAND RELIEF ASSOCIATION. 133 And if The Tribute Book shall prove of any assistance, even the slightest in collecting and preserving for the use of the historian any of the fugitive chronicles that might otherwise be lost, its purpose will be fully attained. Mr. R. M. Larned's first annual report of the Rhode Island Relief Association, made October 29th, 1862, was for several reasons a peculiarly interesting document, the vicinity of the Portsmouth Grove Hospital to its head-quarters, at Providence, rendering it especially so. The report stated that $8,000 in cash had been received and expended, and that four thousand men at the hospital had been cared for. A large number of very sick soldiers had been sent, by mistake, to this hospital, before the government had made any preparation for their reception. The whole labor and responsibility was thus thrown upon the Rhode Island Agency, and their duties, which were intended to be merely sujjplementary, were made to include the entire supply and cariy- ing on of the hospital. Fortunately, they were equal to the burden thus un- expectedly thrown upon them. In four months they furnished Portsmouth Grove, in round numbers, with 1,000 sheets, 4,000 cotton shirts, 1,300 woolen undershii-ts, 2,100 pairs of cotton and woolen drawers, 1,100 pairs of woolen socks, 3,300 towels, 700 beds, 700 pairs of shoes and slippers, 3,500 combs, &c., &c. Having thus supplied the wardrobe, they were obliged to furnish the larder also. Chests of tea, kegs of pepper, barrels of sugar, boxes of lemons, 50 barrels of onions, 1,300 pounds of codfish, 60 barrels of alppes, 18 boxes of soap, that should have been bought by the government, were sent without charge by the agency. Mrs. J. J. Cooke, of Elmwood, sent three barrels of tomatoes every day during the season. In addition to this work at Portsmouth Grove, the agency forwarded to the central ofiice, at Washington, 321 packages, valued at about $40,000. The only item of expense charged to the commission during this year of extraordinary labor was fifteen dollars, paid to the porter for packing goods. From the date of the above report, in October, '62, to May, '63, when Mr. Larned's department was restricted to the collecting and disbursing of cash donations, boxes containing supplies valued at $10,000 were sent to Wash- ington and elsewhere. In May, the supply depai-tment was united with the corresponding department of the Ladies' Volunteer Relief Association of Providence, a society founded in August, 1861, to minister to the wants of the soldiers, in the first place, and in the second, to furnish employment to poor women, especially the wives of soldiers, by taking contracts from the government. From the organization of the society to the period when the two societies were united, nearly two years, 126 cases of garments and hospital 134 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. supplies were sent to Ehode Island regiments in the field, to hospitals in Washington, to Portsmouth Grove, and to the Sanitary Commission. After the battle of Shiloh, several thousand dollars were obtained by subscription in Providence, and expended in the purchase of cloth. This was made into garments by the ladies of the association, and sent to the Western army. Portsmouth Grove Hospital and the Invalid Corps in barracks were furnished with well-stocked libraries. The two societies, when merged together, were known as the Ehode Island Eelief Association, auxiliary to the Sanitary Commission, and the various city and state societies were invited to affiliate with it; a large portion acceded to the request, the Newport Aid Society, however, preferring to act independently, as before. The last report of Mrs. Abby W. Chace, President of the Ehode Island Eelief Association, estimates the value of the work done, supplies furnished, and money raised by her society, at $ 77,750. The Fifth Ward Volunteer Eelief Association" of Providence, Mrs. Sai'ah Ann Cook, Secretary, was formed immediately after the battle of Bull Eun, being the first organization of the kind in Ehode Island. Up to January 1st, 1865, it had forwarded to the army $ 9,000 worth of supplies. The Old Cambridge Sanitary Society was organized in October, 1861, and has been from the first an auxiliary of the Boston branch. It had, at the commencement of 1865, collected, packed, and forwarded one hundred and fifty-nine boxes, barrels, and bundles, and had occasionally sent a package of linen or lint to St. Louis. Its money collections have been about $9,000. Two circles of young ladies, the Slipper Circle and the Handkerchief Circle, have been very efficient in their peculiar sphere- — or, as we might say, in the circumference of their duties. The society was reorganized in 1865, the fol- lowing officers being chosen : President, Mes. Asa Gray. Treasurer, Secretary, Mrs. J. P. Cooke. Miss Eliot. Executice Committee, Purcliasing Committee, Mrs. H. W. Paine, Mhs. A. K. P. Welch, Miss Foster. Miss Francis. Finance Committee, Mrs. Stackpole, Mrs. Anable, " J. W. Merrill, " Wm. Read, Jr., " John' Bartlett, " A. K. P. Welch, MICHIGAN AID SOCIETY. 135 Mes. G. S. Saunders, Miss Nohtox, " Gaedxei; WiiiTK, Miis. George M. Osgood, " II. L. HiGGixsoN, Miss Whitman, " Ezra Dyer, " H. Torrey, " F. L. Chapman, " IIopkinsox, Miss Ropes, " S. Dana. The citizens of Detroit held a public meeting immediately after the battle of Bull Eun, to take measures for the relief of the sick and wounded. A number of gentlemen — F. Buhl, W. A. Butler, A. Dudgeon, Adjutaut-GeneKal John Robertson, and B. Veruor — were appointed a committee, to be known as the Michigan Soldiers' Relief Committee, whose duty it should be to disburse such money and stores as came into their hands to promote the comfort and efBciency of the army. At a late date they had received $12,500, and had disposed of three hundred and thirty-one boxes and two hundred and three barrels, containing the usual assortment of necessaries and luxuries. These five hundred and thirty-four packages had been received in four hun- dred shipments, and from one hundred and thirty-five different societies and places. The First Soldiers' Aid Society of Dayton, Ohio, was organized in October, 1861, Mrs. R. P. Brown being chosen President, and Mrs. Wilbur Conover, 'Secretary and Treasurer, and four ladies, Managers. Mrs. P. W. Davies was afterwards President, and Mrs. P. Holt, Secretary. The society has collected about $4,000 in money, and has prepared and forwarded one hundred and twenty-five boxes of stores, sixty-two of which were sent to the Cincinnati branch of the Sanitary Commission ; it has distributed work to the families of volunteers. The Second Soldiers' Aid Society was organized on the 7th of August, 1862; the average attendance has been fifty-five members : about twenty thousand articles have been furnished. The Soldiers' Aid Society of Detroit was organized on the 6th of November, 1861, by the appointment of the following officers : (.Counsellor, Dr. Z. Pitcher, U. S. Sanitary Commi.ssion. Pres ident, Vice- President. Mrs. Theodore Romeyn. Mrs. .John Owex. Treaaurer, Mrs. D. p. Bushnell; afterwards, Mrs. William N. Carpenter. Eecording Secretary, Corresponding Secretary, Miss Sara T. Bingham. Miss Valeria Campbell. 136 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. lu the summer of 1863 it enlarged its sphere of action, became a branch of the Sanitary Commission, and took the name of " Michigan Soldiers' Aid Society," meaning not a society for tlie aid of Michigan soldiers, but a Michi- gan society for the aid of American soldiers. " It is not for Michigan," says one of the Society's reports, " but for the country that our soldiers are fighting; and not Michigan soldiers alone, but those of every loyal state. The Sani- tary Commission strongly urges the advantage of sending supplies to be dis- tributed by them without distinction of individuals or states. It is better economy to have all supplies given out from a common stock. In many instances one regiment has had more than enough, while another has been in need. Often, too, a regiment, in breaking up camp, leaves its superfluous stores to be wasted or plundered. Still greater waste occurs from packages sent to particular regiments not reaching them, or being left behind when the regiment moves. The greater part of these losses would be prevented by fol- lowing the plan of the Sanitary Commission. Of goods the disposal of which has been left to us, the greater part has been sent for general use." Diu'ing the first year, the ladies of the society received some $1,600 and ninety-four boxes of clothing and stores from Detroit. They also received from the state one hundred and ninety-seven boxes, which they forwarded to Wheeling, Paducah, St. Louis, Washington, etc. These two hundred and ninety-one boxes contained twenty-eight thousand articles. The term " article" is as variable in Michigan as it is in Massachusetts. The number of articles distributed in the Detroit hospitals and shipped to the army by the society during its second year, was about sixty thousand. Its receipts for the third year were about $5,600, and one thousand two hundred and seventeen boxes and barrels of stores. The number of articles furnished was eighty -five thousand. In January, 1864, a Soldiers' Home was opened, and though sujoposed at the outset to be too large, proved much too small for the accommodation of those who applied for admittance. A meeting of all the Aid Societies of Michigan was held at Kalamazoo on the 23d of September, 1863. The object was to make their work more effec- tive by concentrating their efforts. It was resolved that the societies in the principal towns, and especially in the county towns, should correspond with others in the county, and aid in forming societies where none existed, and that each association in the state should send regular reports to the central organi- zation at Detroit. The ladies of Kalamazoo then gave an account of a band of young women of that town known as the Alert Club, who made it their business to call upon BUFFALO AID SOCIETY. 137 ] the citizens at their houses, to obtain promises of donations, to register these promises in a book, and to report to the society. Lists were then made out, and handed to the Minute Men ; these men were boys, many of them the brothers of the Alert Girls. They went round witli wheelbar- rows and wagons, collected the ar- ticles promised, and delivered them at head-quarters. The busy fingers which wasted so many stitches upon havelocks in the summer, turned their energies in a more useful direction as winter """"^^ "^^ "'' '^'^"■^""°- approached. Mrs. Samuel A. Frazer, of Duxbury, Massachusetts, who was in her ninety-third year in August, 18G1, was already knitting worsted stockings as fast as she could ply the needle. The venerable lady knew something of the terrors of winter in camps ; she remembered Valley Forge, and when seven years old, eighty-six years before, had used many a hank of woolen yarn for Washington's suffering army. The girls and teachers of the Wesleyan Female College, in Cincinnati, sent one thousand pairs of stockings to the Thirt3"-fifth i Ohio on the 19th of November. The Ladies' Military Blue Stocking Asso- / ciation of New York, formed in October, for the purpose of procuring one thousand pairs, reported twelve hundred and ninety-two pairs on the lOtli of January. There was no organized effort in Buffalo, New York, during the first year of the war, for the collection and distribution of supplies. The General Aid Society for the Army was formed in December, 1861, upon the suggestion of Eev. Drs. Hosmer and Heacock, and Mr. S. B. Hunt, associate members of the Sanitary Commission. Operations were at once commenced, and such was the success met with in organizing auxiliary societies in the towns and villages of the western part of New York, that Buffalo soon became the channel through which the contributions of one hundred and seventy-two branches reached the objects of their common solicitude. The following were the first officers of the society : President, Mrs. Joseph E. Foi.i.ett. Vice-Presidents, Mks. John R. Lee, Mrs. Horatio Setmodb. 138 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Treasurer, Recording Secretary, « Mrs. James P. White. Miss Grace E. Bird. Executive Committee, Mrs. Cyrus Athearx, Mrs. James Bratlet, Mrs. John Otto, Mrs. W. F. Miller, Mrs. Isaac A. Jones, Miss Susan E. Kimberly, Mrs. F. a. MoKnigut. The ladies received, during tlie first year, about $6,000, and some sixty- seven thousand articles, the value of which was not far from $40,000. The net receij^ts for 1863 were over $16,000, between seven and eight thousand being the proceeds of a bazaar held in June. The ofiicers of this bazaar were : Henry W. Eogers, President ; B. C. Rumsey and A. A. Eusta- phieve, 1st and 2d Vice-Presidents ; William Fiske, Treasurer ; and C. F. S. Thomas, Secretaiy. The society was also indebted to the Board of Trade for $1,300 ; to the Public School for $963 ; to an amateur concert for $610, &c., &c. Nearly seventy-three thousand articles were received, of the estimated value of $50,000. In 1861, the following interesting letter was received from the Catholic Bisliop of Buffalo : " Buffalo, May 17, 1864. " Madam, "The Sovereign Pontiff, Pope Pius IX., has, through his Eminence, Cardinal Barnabo, notified me that with the deepest sorrow and with the most fraternal interest he has heard of the number of gallant soldiers wounded in our many battles, and that he desires me to give, in his name, and out of his private purse, $500, as some aid to alleviate their sufferings. " Your truly providentially organized society has done very much to aid our wounded soldiers ; hence it seems to me that there can be no better means of accomplishing the kind and paternal wish of his Holiness, than to hand over to you this check for $500, with my humble and fervent prayers that God's blessing may not only rest on our gallant woimded soldiers, but also on the honored members of your Commission who aid them so gener- ously. " Accept the expressions of respect and esteem with which " I have the honor to be, " Your most obedient humble servant, " -f- John, ''Bishop of Buffalo. "Mrs. Horatio Seymour, " President of B. U. S. Sanitayy Commissi on." KELIEF ASSOCIATION OF KOOIIKSTi':U. 139 Without pursuing further the statistical history of this society, we may say that it has been a most efficient auxiliary of the Commission, and has rendered a worthy return from the rich district of Western New York. The Hospital Aid Society of Tauntox, Massachusetts, Mrs. A. F. Southgate, Secretary, was organized on the 17th of January, 18G2, a vast deal of unrecorded work having been done before that date. In three years it received and expended something over $5,000, and forwarded forty-five boxes of clothing and stores. The Soldiers' Aid Society of New London, Connecticut, Ann K. Almy, Secretary, has been, since the commencement of the year 1864, an efficient auxiliary of the Sanitary Commission, having done a great deal of independent work previously. The ladies of Eochester, New York, organized an aid society under the name of The Ladies' Hospital Eelief Association of Eochester, on the 17th of January, 1862. The f >llowing officers were appointed : 'President, Mrs. C. M. Cuktis. Vice-Preiidents. Mr.s. W. B. Williams, Mrs. L. Farrab, " W. W. Carr, " A. Gardiner, " E. G. Robinson, " F. Clarke. Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. G. p. Townsend. Mrs. L. C. Smith. Treasurer, Mrs. S. B. Roist. Two directors were also appointed from each of the sixteen churches co-operating. The society worked, during the first year, upon a cash basis of nearly $2,500, obtained from the following sources : Cash from membership fees $20 50 Cash from Concert by the Arling- Aid Societies 29 45 ton & Donniker Min- " " churches and lodges, strels $50 00 schools, &c 870 11 " " Concert by the Hutcli- " " individuals 577 47 inson Family 5 17 " " Capt. Hill's lecture.... 20150 " " Tableau Festival and " " Concert by Prof. Black sale of a picture pre- and others 300 GO sontcd by Miss E. A. " " Light Guard Drill and Smith 75'J 04 sale of Mrs. Can- field's picture 176 25 Total $2,400 01) 140 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Large donations of stores and clothing were also received, so that the society, after devoting $1,800 to the purchase of material, and making this into garments, was enabled to send away during the year thirty-three bales, thirty-three boxes, thirty-six barrels, and forty-one kegs, containing an aggregate of twelve thousand five hundred articles and packages, besides large quantities of lint, compresses, and bandages. These were sent to the Western Sanitary Commission at St. Louis, to the Indiana Commission at Indianapolis, and to the hospitals in and around Washington. All reached their destination except one small box, lost during a raid of the enemy upon Alexandria. The following officers were appointed for the second official year : President, Mrs. W. B. Williams. Vice-PresideiiU, Mks. L. Faijeah, Mrs. H. A. Brewster. Recording Secretary, Mrs. G. p. Townsend. Treasurer, Mrs. a. S. Mann. Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. H. E. Hegeman. Superintendent of Eooms, Miss R. B. Long. There were also four directors from each of the twelve wards. The following is the table of receipts for the year : Cash from Aid Societies, etc. .. . $576 97 Cash from Carpenters and Join- •' " Churches 381 09 ers' Entertainment $80 00 " " individuals and month- Cash from Sale of Oil Paintings ly subscrijitions. . . . 52 13 presented by James Harris. . . 80 00 " '• Membership fees 12 25 Cash from Sale of Goods at " " Ool. McVickar's Leo- Rooms of Association 29 04 ture 11 50 Cash from Treasurer of Bazaar. 10,319 82 " " Prof. O'Learv's Lee- ture 34 95 Total $11,577 75 One hundred and twelve packages were sent to the army and hospitals during the year, being divided among the Sanitary, Christian, and Western Sanitary Commissions. The receipts from the bazaar, coming in at the very close of the fiscal year, were invested in government bonds, to draw interest until needed. Of this bazaar we shall give a detailed account under the head of Sanitary Fairs. Little or no record was kept in Salem, Massachusetts, of the work done in aid of the armv during the first year of the war. We can only say that it was AID SOCIETY OF BRIDGEPORT. 141 large, and that it was well and willingly performed. In February, 1862, asso- ciate managers were appointed, to act in concert with the New England Branch of the Sanitary Commission. In February, 1864, a room was taken, and Mrs. Asahel Huntington, Mrs. George H. Chase, and Miss Harriet K. Lee, were chosen Associate Managers. From twenty-five to thirty-five boxes a year have been sent by the Salem Sanitary Society, and some of them must have been warmly welcomed, if we may judge by a list of their contents: "Sardines, canned duck, quail, soups, condensed milk, English mustard, tapioca, English breakfast tea, chocolate, sugar, and cayenne.'' This is a modern and benign form of Salem witchcraft. During the first year of the war a society, composed almost exclusively of young ladies, labored for the soldiers in Augusta, Maine, and with eff'ect. But few records of their operations remain. In April, 1862, the Ladies' Aii> Society was organized. Miss Abbie G. Burton being President, Miss Susan Brooks, Treasurer, and Miss Hannah B. Fuller, Secretary. They have re- ceived and disbursed some $3,500 in money, and have distributed about nine thousand articles ; in 1864 they furnished the hospitals of the neighborhood with twenty thousand yards of bandages. Their treasury was supplied princi- pally by the exertions of the members of the society, and by fairs and levees. The Soldiers' Aid Society of Bridgeport, Connecticut, was organized on the 25th of July, 1862. Its money receipts were over $2,600 in the first year. Through its influence a special fund was collected during the holidays of 1863— i, for the purpose of giving the Connecticut soldiers encamped along the South Carolina coast a Thanksgiving and Christmas dinner. The follow- ing sums were obtained : Check from New Britain $300 00 Soldiers' Aid Society, Hartford . . 200 00 Alfred E. Beach, Stratford 100 00 Plymouth Hollow Elias Howe, Jr Nathaniel Wheeler P. T. Barnum S. H. Wales F. A. Benjamin, Stratford. Birmingham John Elton, Waterbury . . . Ansonia Wm. I). Bisliop Alvord & Wilson C. Spooner 71 40 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 Tot.al . Hayward & Bacon $25 00 Jas. 0. Loomis 25 00 Mrs. H. K. Harral 25 Oo Hanford Lyon 25 00 Ferguson & Doten 25 00 Pvussell Tomlinson 25 00 Ira Slierman 25 00 Frederick Wood 25 00 Lacey, Meeker & Co 25 00 Henry Bisliop 25 00 Andrew E. Nash 25 00 Birdsey &Co 25 00 S. S. Clapp 20 00 W. H. Perry 15 00 All other sums 664 75 $2,096 15 142 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Fifteen hundred packages, the larger part of them barrels, with a few half- barrels, boxes, kegs, and firkins, were soon afterwards sent to the South. Of these. New Milford contributed seventy-six ; New Canaan, sixty -five ; Winsted, ninety-nine ; Waterbury, sixty ; Litchfield, fifty-nine ; Seymour, sixty-four ; and Daubury, sixty-one. During this year the following ladies held the various ofiices of the society : President, Vice-President, Mrs. Daniel H. Sterling. Mrs. Monson Hawlby. Secretary, Treasurer, Mk8. L. H. Norton. Mrs. William E. Seeley. Direetressea. Mrs. S. S. Jarvis, Mrs. William B. Dyer, " Cuarles Weeks, " Daniel Garland, " II. K. Harral, " Nathaniel Wheeler, " William D. Bishop, " Alden Burton, " George Poole, " I. 11. Whiting, " F. N. Clcte, " P. II. Skidmore, " George F. Traoey, " Russell Tomlinson, " Ira Greene, " Joseph Thompson, " Stephen Burroughs, " Charles Wells, " Frederick Parrott, " Hanford N. Hayes, •' Gasford Sterling, " J. C. Blaokman, Mrs. J. G. Adams. The Ladies' Soldiers' Relief Association of Newbdryport, Massa- chusetts, was organized on the l-±th of August, 1862, with the following ofBcers : President, Treasurer, Mrs. a. L. March. Mrs. M. L. Buntin. Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretary, Miss A. A. Auein. Miss S. L. Davis. The society has been from the outset independent, sometimes sending its supplies through the Sanitary and sometimes through the Christian Commis- sion ; at others, supplying such hospitals or camps as may have asked for assistance. It has collected about $5,000 a year in money, and forwarded some sixty boxes in the same time ; some as far west as St. Louis, and as far south as New Orleans and St. Augustine. " Its prosperity," to quote the words of the corresponding secretary, early in 1865, " is worthy of the noble cause in whose service it was organized. Pledged for the war, it will seek no rest from its labors till the welcome tidings of peace to our beloved country shall proclaim its mission ended." AID SOCIETY OF NEW HAVEN. 143 The effort to contribute to the relief and comfort of the soldiers made by citizens of New Ilaven, began at an early period. Without the existence of any formal organization for the purpose, collections were made and numerous boxes of clothing and other articles were forwarded to the Sanitary Commis- sion. It is impossible to give a precise account of the amounts raised and boxes forwarded in this way. They probably did not fall much short of what has been done in each of the years covered by the reports of the 'Soldiers' Aid Society' formed about Nov. 1, 1862. This association at once began a thorough and systematic effort in its appropriate work. It canvassed the city of New Haven, and became the channel of the contribu- tions of a large circle of towns throughout the State of Connecticut. Soon afterwards, the committee of gentlemen acting for the Sanitary Commission in Connecticut, transferred to it their authority to receive and forward all contributions hitherto sent to their agent. By means of this arrangement the society became the medium of communication with more than eighty towns in the state. During the year 1863, four thousand nine hundred and thirty- four articles were made, consisting of one thousand eight hundred and twenty- eight cotton shirts, eight hundred and eight flannel shirts, one hundred and one canton-flannel shirts, one thousand one hundred and thirty-four pairs of drawers, sixty-one dressing gowns, one hundred and twenty handkerchiefs, one hundred and forty-two towels, six hundred and fifty-eight sheets, twenty- seven pillow cases, seven cushions, and seven hundred and thirty-five pairs of socks. All these articles were made gratuitously by individuals and sewing societies, or by poor needlewomen paid for their labor by benevolent individuals. Quite a number of auxiliary societies were regularly supplied with material or cut garments to be made by their members. The total receipts for the year were as follows : From city donations $4,609 37 From avails of Concert for Sol- " donations from auxiliary diers (by Miss Bradley) $47 50 societies and friends in " avails of Tableau {by Miss othertowns 602 50 Norton) 517 00 " sale of material to other " avails of Bazaar 2,912 26 societies 293 88 " other sources 10 00 Total tl8,992 60 The cash receipts of the second year were about as large as those of the first; the society receiving, in addition, $1,000 from the Sanitary Commission, and giving in return one thousand sheets and one thousand six hundred and seven towels. 144 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Of the " Boys' and Girls' Fourth of July Fruit Fund," Mrs. Eoberts, the Secretary, thus wrote : " Our readers need not be reminded of the Fourth of July contribution made by our children and youth, who sacrificed their usual enjoyment of explosions of all kinds, to raise a fund for the purchase of fresh vegetables, fruits, and anti-scorbutics, now much needed. The Executive Committee, conferring upon the propriety of making the suggestion and discussing its probable success, ventured the hope that 'as much as two hundred dollars might be raised in that way.' Our surprise and gratification may be imagined when the sum in the aggregate amounted to over $730 ! "When the head of some little flaxen-haired child shall be frosted with age, he may perchance meet this page, and who can doubt that he will feel both jjleasure and pride in remembering that he was one of those who sacrificed a fleeting amusement to such a noble, to so high a duty ?" In three years the New Haven Aid Society sent to the Sanitaiy Commis- sion no less than seventy thousand articles, many hundreds of them being barrels, boxes, cases, jars, gallons. Seventy-five barrels of prepared bandages are set down in this wonderful schedule as seventy-five " articles." This is certainly a modest way of putting it: you may not hide your light under a bushel, but it seems you may hide your good works in barrels. The following is the list of ofiicers of the General Soldiers' Aid Society of New Haven for 1864 : Miss M. P. Twining, 1st Directress. ■ Mrs. a. N. Skinner, 2d " Mrs. W. a. Norton, Zd " Corresponding Secretaries, Mrs. B. S. Roberts, Miss J. W. Skinner. Recording Secretary, Treasurer, Mrs. H. T. Blake. Mrs. Emily T. Fitch. Managers. Mrs. "Wm. Bacon, Miss A. Larned, Miss E. Bradley, Mrs. 11. Mansfield, " H. Brown, " J. D. MaxdevUle, Mrs. L. Candee, " D. C. Pratt, " 0. Candee, Miss P. Peck, " R. Chapman, Mrs. "W. H. Russell, Miss R. Chapman, " G. B. Rich, " 0. Collins, " W. M. Rodman, Mrs. H. Dubois, Miss E. Sherman, " J. W. Fitch, Mrs. .J. Sheldon, Miss J. Gibbs, Miss M. Storer, RELIEF ASSOCIATION OF BROOKLYN. 145 Me3. J. GOODNOUQH, MiSS A. TlIACnER, " E. S. Gkeelet, . Mes. a. Treat, Miss M. niixiiorsE, Miss H. Warner, " I. XIiLi-nonsE, Mrs. 0. R. WATERnorsE, " S. B. Harrison, " Wm. "Winchester, Mrs. B. Jei'son, Miss D. 'Wooi.set. New Ilaven has been a large contributor to enlistment and family relief funds, and has sent considerable sums and numerous bo.xes to the Christian Commission. Gi'eat interest has been felt and manifested in the matter of furnishing the regiments of the state with chapel tents, one lady having collected, by personal solicitation, the sum of $676. Chaplains have been abundantly supplied with religious papers, tracts, books, &c. A "Chaplains' Aid Society," Francis Wayland, Jr., Secretary, has been the channel through which this particular stream of benevolence has flowed. On Thursday evening, November 24th, 1862, upon the invitation of the " War Fund Committee of the City of Brooklyn and County of Kings," an audience assembled at the Academy of Music, to listen to an appeal from Dr. Bellows, in behalf of the Sanitary Commission. At the close of the Reverend Doctor's address, a resolution was adopted appointing certain ladies, in co- operation with the pastors of their respective churches, to provide and make up material for the disabled soldiers. The ladies thus designated, representing nearly forty churches, met together the next day, conferred with a number of ladies similarly occupied in New York, and soon after formed a permanent organization, as follows, under the name of the Women's Relikf Associa- tion OF Brooklyn : President, Secretary, Mrs. J. S. T. Stranaiian. Mrs. J. N. Lewis. Executive Committee, Mrs. ay. I. Buddington, Mrs. E. Shapter, " J. "W. Harper, " J. D. Sparkman, " E. H. R. Lyman, " James Eells, " Henry Sheldon, " Jeremiah Johnson, Jr., " J. P. DnFFiN, " Henry E. Pierrepont, " Luke Harrington, " H. Waters. Sanitary Committee of Brooiiyn, DwiGHT Johnson, Henry E. Pierrepont, Samuel B. Caldwell, James H. Frotiii.ngham, James D. Sparkman. Fifty churches were soon afterwards represented in the society, and several others, which did not send delegates, nevertheless sent contributions. Tlio 10 146 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. receiving-room was opened on the 1st of December, and offerings arrived with such regularity that a box a day was forwarded to Washington, or else- where, during the five months ending May 1st. The number of articles dispatched to the armies in that time was over twenty-two thousand, their aggregate value exceeding $30,000. 6PECTKE. 6AXITAP.T CHARADE. INSPEOTOK. The Female Employment Society of Brooklyn co-operated with the Relief Association in this labor, and at an early date offered to make up garments free of charge, if the material were furnished. The offer was accepted ; over $10,000 were obtained, principally by contributions in the churches, and expended in flannel, yarn, and burlaps. These were manufactured by the EmiDloyment Society into nine thousand garments, worth certainly, when made up, $15,000. The total value of the goods furnished by the Relief Associa- tion in five months was, at the least, $45,000. During the year ending May 1st, 1S61, the Association received from sub- scriptions, from entertainments, lectures, &c., about $10,000, which sum was expended, as before, in the purchase of flannel, yarn, &c., the Female Employ- ment Society continuing to make up all material furnished them for the pur- pose. The officers of the Sanitary Commission, having decided that all above $300,000 resulting from the Brooklyn Fair should be expended by the ladies of the Relief Association in the purchase and manufacture of clothing, an AID SOCIETi' OF LYNN. I47 instalment of $24,000 was received and so laid out by them during this year, in accordance witli this desire. From May, 1863, to May, 1864, the society received, packed, and forwarded over thirty -six thousand articles, the value of which was carefully estimated to be nearly $58,000. It has continued to be an active auxiliary of the Sanitary Commission. The Sanitary Aid Society of Lynn, Massachusetts, was not organized till January, 1863. The jieople of Lynn had not, in the two 3'ears of war already passed, been either idle or indifferent. They had been as active as their neighbors, Qnly their labors had been without concert or plan, each indi- vidual or group of workers sending their stores or supplies in the direction taken by the comi^anies or regiments in which they were most interested. A vast quantity of unrecorded, irregular work has been everywhere done in this way. Ujjon the breaking out of the rebellion, the Quakers of Lynn raised a fund of over $3,000 for soldiers' families, and the manufacturers one much larger, which in the fourth year of the war was not yet exhausted. Cotton was sent from Boston to Lynn by the bale ; public meetings were called, sewing- machines put in requisition, and shirts were sent back to Boston, five hun- dred at a time. Lynn has always cheerfully taken her full share of the burdens cast upon the country by battle and campaign, and has contributed, according to her means, to onion fund. Thanksgiving dinner, and Fourth of July festival. By a clause in the constitution of the Aid Society of Lynn, any lady becomes a member by the payment, annually, of fifty cents, and in the first year, there were five hundred and eighty members. The society received $2,300, principally church collections, and forwarded forty-four boxes of clothing and hospital stores. The following board of officers were elected for 1864 : President^ Mrs. W. C. Richakds. Vice-Prendents, Mrs. Dr. Edward Newiiall, ,. Mrs. J. B. Alley, " W. 11. Ladd, ' Miss Henderson. Secretary, Treasurer, _^„_ Miss M. L. Ne^vhall. Miss A. E. Ladd. Executive Committee, Mrs. William F. Morgan, Mrs. Hentjy A. Pevear, " John L. Riioret, " K. IL Walden, " Dr. Percival, " Thcmas W. Bacheller, 148 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Mes. J. W. Tewksburt, " EOLAND G. UsiIEE, " John F. Hilton, " Joseph W. Abbott, " Jacob CnASE, " Martin II. Hood, Mrs. Edwin H. Oliver, " TuoMAS r. Bancroft, " James R. Newhall, " Edwin Sprague, " Edward S. Davis, Miss Henrietta Rhodes. Soliciting Committee, Miss Mariana Newhall, Mrs. John II. Crosman, " Anna Holmes, " Mary Medburt, " Ella Keene, Miss A. A. Mudge, " Carleion, " Antoinette Breed, Mrs. Puilip A. Chase. During the second year, the labors of the Aid Society were su.spended for eleven weeks. Had the ladies of Lynn become tired of well-doing ? Had they taken a vacation, and left the soldiers' flannel shirts to shift for them- selves? Not so. But they had taken a table at the National Sailors' Fair, and for nearly three months devoted themselves to Jack, to the very obvious disadvantage of the landsmen. "We shall see the part borne by Lynn in the great naval festival all in good time ; it can do no harm to say, now, that its decimal expression is $4,000. So it is not surprising that the receipts of the society this year were hardly $1,150 ; the members paid their fee, amateurs sang, recited, and played, Edmund Kirke lectured, and Newcombe's Com- bination combined. Two olios or miscellaneous entertainments went off so pleasantly — leaving behind the receip)ts, however — that the jjrogramme of one of them is appended. The fact that $817 were realized in this way speaks well for the talent of the performers, the taste of the citizens, and the size of Lyceum Hall; PROGRAMME OF ENTERTAINMENT to be given at LYCEUM HALL, ON THUESDAY EVENING, MARCH 31, IN aid op the SANITARY AID SOCIETY OF LYNN. PART FIRST. I. — Mrsic. II. — FIVE SCENES FROM "THE LADY OF THE LAKE." Characters. — Fitz James, Ellen, Earl Douglas, Malcolm GraMue, Allan (the Minstrel), Roderick Dim, John De Brent, Old Bertram, Capt. Lewis, Soldiers, Lords, and Ladies. III. — MUSIC. IV. — COMIO SCENE FROM HOLMES. AID SOCIETY OF TROY. 149 PART SECOND. I. — MUSIC. II. — SCENES FEOM DICKENS. Scene 1. — Hints to Nurses. Scene 2.— T!io Barber's Shop. Scene 3.— The Tea Party. CiiAKAOTERS.— Sairey Gamp, Betsey Prigg, Poll Sweedlepipes, Young Bailey, Lewsonie. III. — MUSIC. IV. TABLEAUX. T. — MUSIC. Explanatory Readings of all Selections. Music, Vocal and Instrumental, by Miss Huntley ani Messrs. Ryder and Noyes. Grand Pianos furnished by Chickering. TICKETS, FIFTY CENTS. EESEKVED SEATS, ONE DOLLAR. N. B. — It is hoped the entertainments will merit the patronage of the patriotic citizens of Lynn, as all the proceeds go to the Sanitary Aid Society, to help the needy sick and wounded soldiers. The free use of the hall is kindly given by the trustees, and the printers very generously do the printing gratis. Let tlie above suffice for tlie ten thousand similar entertainments wbicli were given in 1864 for the benefit of the soldiers. We may add that the Shakspeare Club of Lynn gave readings from time to time in the same behoof Associate members of the Sanitary Commission were appointed at an early date, in Troy, New York, and money and suj^plies to the value of about §7,000 have been sent direct from the citj^ and vicinity. This is in addition to what has been done by the Troy Soldiers' Aid Society, B. H. Hall, Secretary, which was organized on the 19th of February, 1863. Its first year's receipts, in money, were nearly $3,800 ; seven thousand articles were manufactured and forwarded, of the estimated value of $7,000. During the second year, the society received $2,500 of the proceeds of the Albany Bazaar, and sent away articles worth $3,400. It has paid no rent. Dr. Wotkyns having provided a room without charge. The following table of receipts for 1863 speaks well for Trojan liberality : Thanksgiving collections $5(12 10 J. M. Warren & Co f 120 00 Mrs. Betsey A. Hart 240 00 Mrs. George M. Tibbits 120 00 John F. Winslow 180 00 George M. Tibbits 120 00 From the performers of "The Ri- ATm. Howard Hart 120 00 vals," Troy 134 00 John A. Griswold 120 00 From proceeds of two evenings' John Flagg 120 00 entertainments in Sehaghticoke, H. Burden & Sons 120 00 through Mr. Charles Perry 131 26 Bills, Thayer & Knight 120 00 u 150 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. J. L. Thompson, Sons & Co §100 00 Mrs. H. H. Douglity 60 00 J. B. Hart CO 00 D. Southwick CO 00 S. M. Vail CO 00 .J. H. Willard GO 00 Pv. A. Flood 50 00 Fuller, Warren & Co 50 00 E. Thompson Gale 50 00 H. N. Lookwood 50 00 Joseph 11. Parsons 50 00 D. Thomas Vail 50 00 C. J. Saxe 40 00 Fifth Baptist Churcli 36 40 Benjamin II. Hall 36 00 Jesse B. Anthony 36 00 Total Mrs. E. Seldon $80 00 llagar's Rebellion Concerts 27 42 L. A. Battershall 25 00 Jonas C. Heartt 25 00 E. Proudfit 25 00 0. L. Tracy 25 00 W. L. Van Alstyne 25 00 G. II. Barnard R. Peckham John Anthony T. W. Blatchford J. W. Freeman II. C. Lockwood Maullin & Cluett All others 897 6Q .$3,783 93 24 00 24 00 20 00 20 00 20 OU 20 00 20 00 897 6Q It Avas not till early in 1863, that tlie necessity was felt in tlie extreme north for a home or lodge for soldiers passing through and temporarily de- tained. On the 1st of April such an establishment was opened in Boston by the Executive Committee of Boston Associates, at No. 76 Kingston Street. The second floor was fitted up, the sleeping-room containing at the outset twelve beds, forty-eight others, in successively added rooms, being gradually provided. The first applicant for aid, a soldier whose furlough had expired, and who had no means of returning to his regiment, was entertained on the 7th of the month. The following are the details of the aid rendered by this branch in the first eighteen months : Furnished transportation, at government rate, to 9,623 " " paid hy the Commission 219 " " by U. S. Quartermaster 934 " carriage within the city 4,075 " special attendance to their homes 100 " lodging 1-3,073 " meals (total nnmber of meals, 34,440) 17,222 " clothing (total number of garments, 1,160) 550 " aid in arranging papers 182 " aid in obtaining pay 226 " medical advice 689 Wounds dressed 3,178 Sent to hospital 130 Referred to local Relief Associations 46 Re-enlisted 27 Deaths 6 Furnished undertaker's services 9 Back pay collected $26,528 72 AID ASSOCIATION OF CAMIJRIDGEPOIIT. 151 A Hospital Car Service between Boston and New York was established by the committee on the 2d of November, 1863, two first-class cars having been set apart and furnished for this purpose upon the line by way of Spring- field and New Haven. Each car contained nine portable litter-beds, suspended by elastic bands; twelve folding hospital chairs; twelve ordinary seats; a hospital store-closet, supplied with medicines, stimulants, and the usual sur- gical and medical appliances, the means of cooking, and a wardrobe of hospi- tal clothing. For a time, one of these cars left Boston and New York daily, in charge of a military hospital steward and nurse. The number of soldiers transported in one year was nearly twelve thousand, each man moved costing at the commencement, seventy cents — this including the outfit of the cars — and during the last month, hardly fourteen cents. The average cost per man during the year was twenty-two cents. The whole expense of this special relief, including the home in Kingston Street, and the hospital car service, for eighteen months, was about $28,000 ; $10,000 of this sum was jjaid out of the proceeds of the Boston Sanitary Fair. For nearly three years there was no organized soldiers' aid society in Cam- bridgeport, Massachusetts. There were seven religious associations, all more or less active in works of relief, but each pursuing its labors in its own way, and sending its supplies in this or that direction, without reference to the operations of others. Several efforts were made to unite the churches and induce them to act in concert, but failed. Early in 1864, three of the clergy- men made an earnest attempt, and succeeded in effecting a thorough organiza- tion. The Cambridgeport Soldiers' Aid Association opened soon after with sixty members, and somewhat later numbered nearly three hundred. The ofiices were distributed as follows : President, Mi!S. J. M. S. Williams. Vice-Presidents, Mrs. J. C. DoDOE, Mes. C. A. Skixnee, Mrs. Charles Seymour. Corresponding Sccreturi/, Recording Secretary, Mes. H. O. IIouonTON. Mrs. W. W. Wellington. Treasurer, Mrs. .J. M. Cutter. 152 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. COMMITTEES AT LARGE. Purchasing Materials, Mrs. O. W. Watris, Mrs. J. K. Palmer, Mrs. Albert Vixal. Recording, Miss Sarah C. Bent, Miss Sarah C. Fisher, Miss Alice W. Bemis. Paching, Mrs. F. II. Manson, Mrs. W. P. Sampsox, Mrs. G. P. Carter. The society has depended entirely uiDon assessments, memberships, and church collections, and received some $3,000 during its first year. It has for- warded boxes to the Massachusetts state agent at Washington at the rate of about one a month, besides supplying the individual wants of Cambridge soldiers, whenever informed of them. The weekly m-eetings have been attended by from seventy to one hundred and ten ladies ; others, unable to be present, have sent for work to be done at home, or, if unable to do this, have furnished clothing as a substitute for work. The association, at an early date, introduced into its machinery a Home Relief Department, for the purpose of drawing to and absorbing within itself a Young Ladies' Circle, which had devoted itself during the previous winter to the work of clothing soldiers' children. It continued its labor of love, but as a branch and under the auspices of the association. "We have thus passed in review the principal Aid Societies in the country — a sufficient number, at any rate, to give a stranger, should these pages fall into a stranger's hands, a comprehensive idea of the occupation of the women of the land in war time. Hamlets so small that the postmaster-general does not know them — and, indeed, their own inhabitants do not know them by name, but only by number — the neighborhood of some half dozen houses, the vil- lage, the cluster of tenements around the mill or flictoiy, the town, the city, the metropolis — all have been moved by one impulse, and, taking the mean of town and country, have given with surprising unifoi-mity ; that is, the average per man, woman, and child, certain obvious allowances being made, is nearly the same in the several states. History, mythology, and fable will be vainly ransacked by those who would find a parallel. With the mere labor and application necessary for the creation of their supplies, the women and children have not always rested content. A blanket might not only hold warmth, but it might carry a message. In the earlier stages of the war, especially before stockings, shirts, and pillow-cases were needed and called for by the hundred thousand, it was a pleasant prac- MARKED ARTICLES. 153 tice, on tlie part of the knitters and stitchers, to append, in writing, some homelike, encouraging, patriotic sentiment, either in prose or verse. Indeed, it is still the boast of some few circles that no article has ever left their rooms without its metrical word of counsel or sympathy. Calumniators have desig- nated these rhymes as the work of the sewing-machine, or have intimated that the turning of a crank would produce as good. Let us see. Is there a soldier in the American army who would not find spiritual as well as physi- cal comfort in stockings thus labelled : " Brave sentry, on j'our lonely beat May these blue stockings warm your feet; And when from war and camps you part, May some fair knitter warm your heart!" Or in an indorsement like this : " The fortunate owner of these socks is secretly informed, that they are the one hundred and ninety-first pair knit for our brave boys by Mrs. Abner Bartlett, of Medford, Mass., now aged eighty-five years. January, 1861." Blankets, bandages, pillows, bottles, have all borne messages of consolation to the army, as a few examples, taken at random, will serve to show. A piece of paper bearing these words was pinned to a home-spun blanket : "This blanket was carried by Milly Aldrich, who is ninety-three years old, down hill and up hill, one and a half miles, to be given to some soldier." On a bed-quilt was pinned a card, saying: " My son is in the army. Whoever is made warm by this quilt, which I have worked on for six days and almost all of six nights, let him remember his own mother's love." On another blanket was this: "This blanket was used by a soldier in the war of 1812 ; it may keep some soldier warm in this war against traitors." On a pillow was written : " This pillow belonged to my little boy, who died resting on it; it is a precious treasure to me, but I give it for the soldiers." A pair of woolen socks told this story: "These stockings were knit by a little girl five years old, and she is going to knit some more, for mother says it will help some poor soldier." On a box of lint was this record: "Made in a sick room, where the sunlight has not entered for nine years, but where God has entered, and where two sons have bade their mother good-by as they have gone out to the war." 154 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Ou a bundle containing bandages was written : " Tiiis is a jDoor gift, but it is all I had. I have given my husband and my boy, and only wish I had more to give, but I haven't." On some eye-shades were these words : " Made by one who is blind. Oh, how I long to see the dear old flag that you are all fighting imder !" Early in 1862, Miss Breckenridge and other ladies of Princeton, New Jersey, sent to Kentucky a large supply of hospital stores, among which was a quantity of currant wine, each bottle bearing a sentiment, of which the following are samples: " Currant wine from Princeton, New Jersey. May it refresh you, brave men from Illinoi.s." " Forget not the invisible hand that leads you to victory." " New Jersey extends her hand to you, brave Tennesseans." " This vdne was made on the battle-field of Princeton, New Jersey, not far from where "Washington led his army on to victory. May it bear to you refreshing, invigorating, healing virtues, is the prayer of the one who made it." " Currant wine for our brave defenders. The Lord thy God will not fiiil thee, nor forsake thee." A ban-cl of hospital clothing, sent from Conway, Massachusetts, was made to declare, by its label, that "it contained a pair of socks knit by a lady who is ninety-seven years old on the 24th of .this month. She is ready and anxious to do all she can." The yarn, the heart, the hand, the love, the dreams and prayers referred to in the following verses, all came from a border state : " Fold them up, they are warm and soft As the delicate knitter's heart and hand, A pair of soft, blue woolen socks, And love knit in with every strand. More than this, there are dreams and prayers Wove in like a mystic, golden thread — Dreams that may stir a soldier's lieart, And prayers to bless a dying bead. It is not vain, it is not vain, For love is blest, and prayer is strong, To move the Arm that surely guides The breasts that stem the tide of wrong. And those who, praying, still believe. Shall know the strength of human will ; They dream prophetic histories, And through their faith their hopes fulfil." HISTORIC LINEN. 155 From time to time the societies received gifts of linen older than the government it was given to save ; sometimes this linen was merely aged, sometimes absolutely historic. The New Haven Society received a sheet marked "J. * E. ;" and this meant that it had belonged in other days to Jehosaphat and Elizabeth Starr. Jehosaphat had married Elizabeth in 1734, in Guilford, and the sheet was doubtless one hundred and thirty years old. Two of these heirlooms had descendetl to Mr. Henry B. Starr, and one by one he parted with them, probably in the only manner he could have been induced to give them up. In 1812, Mrs. Mary Witmer, of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, spun a quantity of flax and wove a number of j-ards of linen cloth. She lived to scrape her linen into lint, in 1862. The ladies of Brooklyn had called for bandages upon news of a sanguinary battle, and received a package accompanied by the following note : "Friends of the Eeliep Commission: It may not be uninteresting to you to know that some of the pieces of old linen left by me at your office this morning are very venerable by reason of age. " A hundred and fifty years ago, among the Ochill hills, in Scotland, and at the oj^en window of a farm-house of that locality, the passer-by might have seen a young, blooming lassie working merrily at her spinning-wheel, prepa- ring for the most eventful change in the life of any one ; in short, she was spinning sheets and towels for her own future use. " Little did that J'oung woman dream, as she merrily drove her wheel, that her handiwork would be used in 1864 to bind up the wounds of heroic men, who stand and fight for freedom in days of danger; yet such is the case, and I thought that you might be pleased to know the fact." One of the less obvious influences of the Soldiers' Aid Societies has been so forcibly stated in the pages of the Atlantic Monthly, that we cannot forbear quoting the passage : "Many a one could have wished to say to every soldier as he went forth to the war, ' Remember, that, if God spares your life, in a few months or a few years you will come back, not officers, not privates, but sons and husbands and brothers, for whom some home is waiting and some human heart throb- bing. Never forget that your true home is not in that fort, beside those frowning cannon, not on tliat tented field amid the glory and power of military array, but that it nestles beneath yonder hill, or stands out in sunshine on some fertile plain. Remember that you are a citizen yet, with every instinct, with every sympathy, with every interest, and with every duty of a citizen.' 156 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. "Can we overestimate tlie influence of these associations, of these Soldiers' Aid Societies, rising uji in every city and village, in producing just such a state of mind, in keeping the soldier one of us — one of the people? Five hundred thousand hearts following with deep interest his fortunes — twice five hundred thousand hands laboring for his comfort — millions of dollars freely lavished to relieve his sufferings — millions more of tokens of kindness and good will going forth, every one of them a message from the home to tlie camp : what is all this but weaving a strong network of alliance between civil and military life, between the citizen at home and the citizen soldier? If our army is a remarkable body, more pure, more clement, more patriotic than other armies — if our soldier is everywhere and always a true-hearted citizen — it is Iwcause the army and soldier have not been cast off from public sympathy, but cherished and bound to every free institution and every peace- ful association by golden cords of love. The good our Commissions have done in this respect cannot be exaggerated ; it is incalculable." The same idea was developed by Dr. Lieber in a late address. Many of our citizens, he said, were in constant apprehension of the appearance of some destroyer of our liberties ; of the apparition of The Man on Horseback ; of some bold soldier and bad man who should disperse the members of the Short Session as Cromwell did those of the Long Parliament. But no such despot had come, and there was no evidence of any temper in the army of which he might take advantage, if any such existed. And the reason was that the American is a citizen first and always, and a soldier but for a few years. And though absent in camp and surrounded by no influences but those of war, the constant messages from home and the unceasing evidence of interest from family and friends, lead him to prize his privileges as a citizen far too high to enter into any unlawful schemes of ambition, or to become the tool of any military pretender. One point remains to be alluded to before we dismiss this subject of soldiers' aid. We shall have occasion, in our summary at the close of the volume, to take the ground that not more than half of the supplies and stores collected throughout the country have ever been recorded ; that is, that fully half have been employed in such a way as to preclude their entei-ing into any general account. The various commissions keep careful registries of every thing which passes through their hands ; but stores disbursed independently by this aid society and that relief association throughout the country are not added up in one aggi-egate, as there is no means of doing it. We have already seen many examples of this, especially in the first year. From among IRREGULAR WORK. 157 numerous more remarkable cases we select the following fact, which shows, by implication, how much must have been irregulai'ly done : At the close of the year 1864, the officers of the Sanitary Commission of New Jersey made up au elaborate schedule of the contributions, in money and in kind, of every town and neighborhood in the state. They had received, it appeared, from the large and flourishing town of New Brunswick no supplies whatever, and only $44 in cash. The Christian Commission had received nothing. Does it follow that New Brunswick had done nothing, therefore ? Not at all ; but it had done its work independently. The records of the New Brunswick Aid Society, Isabella Tannahill, Secretary, show that up to the date of the making of the schedule just mentioned they had received $4,030, from donations, memberships, lectures, and concerts ; and that they had sent sixteen thousand articles to regimental hospitals, to battle-fields, and to the state agency at Washington. A state of facts to which New Brunswick fur- nishes the clue should be distinctly borne in the reader's mind. The aid societies have not only done the steady, plodding, summer and winter work which the object in view required of them, but they have from time to time held, or have takeu a prominent part in, certain high festivals ol philanthropy called Sanitary Fairs, and we now proceeil to the description of these, in the order of their occurrence, believing that we can thus obtain a better insight into the souls of the people, and better pluck out the heart of their mystery, than in any other manner. 158 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. CHAPTER VI. '^ HE inexorable logic of facts compels us to commence tliis 1^ 1 '■ f chapter, as we have already commenced several, with a reference to the city of Lowell, undoubtedly the first to hold a fair for the benefit of the Sanitary Commission. True, it was not upon the same scale, relatively, as that of those that succeeded it; but the great element of rivalry did not come into play, as it was not known or imagined that the example would be followed. Moreover, the idea is every thing; and the idea that lay at the foundation of the Lowell fair was absolutely the same as that which, expanded and improved upon, formed the basis of those of Chicago, Boston, and the other fair-holding cities. The following statement is furnished by an eye-witness and participator : " On the evening of the 24th of January, 1863, a score of ladies assembled at the house of a gentleman in Lowell, at the request of his daughters, to con- sider the expediency of holding a fair in aid of the Sanitary Commission. At first it was only intended to make it a neighborhood affair ; but as they talked the cause inspired them with deeper interest and stronger faith, and before they separated they had not only decided to ask the co-operation of every religious society in the city, Protestant and Catholic, but a notice was written for the city papers, requesting all jjersons interested to meet at a place sjiecified on the following Tuesday. A large number of ladies and gentlemen responded THE LOWELL FAIR. 159 to the call ; a plan was drawn up ; an executive committee, composed of nine gentlemen and six ladies, chosen. Committees, with a chairman for each, were appointed for each department — decorations, finances, refreshments, flowers, music, printing, &c., &c., each to hold separate meetings and rcpoil to the executive. In four weeks from the day when the first meeting was called, without a dollar in hand or an article jDvepared, the first sanitary fair in the United States was opened — a fair which, for harmony of action, beauty of decorations, system and order of management, and perfection of its financial arrangements, has never been excelled, if equalled." In acknowledging the receipt of the proceeds, Dr. Bellows wrote : " The zeal and liberality of your community have been conspicuous in every turn of the war. Your repeated contributions to our stock of supplies had not led us to anticipate such a splendid addition as you now offer. You would have been up to the average, if you had stopped where you were. You will make it very difficult for any community — this side of the Eocky Mountains — to keep pace with you, now that you pour into our treasury $4,850." How just and apposite it was that Lowell, which had given the first blood and buried the first victims, should have made the first concerted effort towards stanching other blood and aiding other martyi-s. The whirligig of time doth indeed bring in his revenges. The second festival for the benefit of the soldiers was held in Chicago, in October, 1863. The initiative was taken by Mrs. A. H. Hoge and Mrs. D. P. Livermore, associate managers of the Northwestern Branch of the Sanitary Commission — ladies whose humanity, zeal, and labors have raised them to the highest places in the annals of philanthropy. Their colleagues, as associate managers, were Mrs. E. C. Henshaw, of Ottowa, Illinois, and Mrs. J. S. Colt, of Milwaukee. The members of the Northwestern Branch were as follows: Presidcn f, Vic.e-Presidcn t, E. B. McCagg. Rev. Wm. W. Patton. Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretary, n. E. Seelte. CYKra Bentlet. Treasrurcr, E. W. Blatchfoed. Committee, T^ESLET MUNGER, B. F. RAYMOND, J. K. BOTSFOIID. This branch of the commission had already sent to the field thirty thousand boxes of hospital stores, of the estimated value of $1,500,000, and 160 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. its treasury needed replenishing. The ladies consulted their colleagues, the gentlemen of the commission, and, the idea being approved, issued and distributed throughout the Northwest ten thousand copies of a not over- sanguine circular, in which the sum of $25,000 was mentioned as the limit of their hopes. In one day the industiious laborers mailed seventeen bushels of letters and documents, all relative to the proposed fair. The co-operation of the press and the clergy was earnestly invited. The effect was soon apparent throughout the interested district; meetings were held, towns and villages were pledged for large amounts by their enthusiastic delegates ; and in the mean time gifts of all sizes began to arrive, pianos, wringing-machines, wax work, stoves, hides, ploughs, nails, coal oil, native wine, pin-cushions, and cameos. Such was the avalanche of offerings, we are told, that the fate of Tarpeia seemed to threaten the ladies forming the committee of reception.* On the 27th of October, inauguration day, the courts adjourned, the banks and post-oSice closed their doors, the public schools kept holiday; for once the whole machinery of the bustling city stood still. The procession which opened the ceremonies was an amazing illustration of the spirit of the teeming country of the West. One feature of it was peculiar to the soil — the delegation from Lake County, one hundred wagons laden to overflowing with the jiroduce of the garden and the farm. Potatoes, blue, pink, and brown, in heaps ; onions, with the silver slcin ; squashes, which must have known of their destiny in the early spring, so big with fate were they ; cabbages, beets * The Executive Committee of the Chicago Fair was composed of the following ladies : Mrs . A. K. HoGE, Chicigo. Mrs. S. L. P. Jsnes, Monmouth, 111. D. P. Ln-EKMORE, ' " Gov. Harvey, Madison, Wis. 0. E. HOSMER, ' " Gov. Salomon, " " W. E. Franklin, ' " Dr. Carr, " " I. N. Arnold, ' Miss Lottie Illslet, " " J. C. Haines, ' Mrs. L. Fisher, Beloit, Wis. Follansbee, ' " J. H. Turner, Berlin, Wis. Jas. Bowen, ' " J. S. Colt, Milwaukee, Wis. Dr. Bird, ' Ajibrose Foster, ' Robinson, ' N. Ludington, E. Allen, ' Dr. Hamilton, ' J. Medill, ' E. H. Haddock, ' Hamilton, ' l. s. cowdret, ' " JCDGE HuBBELL, " " Miss Emma Brown, Ft. Atkinson, Wis. Mrs. Bela Hubbard, Detroit, Mich. Miss Valeria Campbell, " Mrs. E. Eldred, " Miss M. Mahan, Adrian, Mich. Mrs. Cassick, Jackson, Mich. " Eankin, Flint, Mich. " CoL. LuMBARD, Chclsca, Mich. " Ltman, Grand Rapids, Mich. Miss Edwards, ' " N. H. Brainard, Iowa City, la. Mrs Tilton, Springfield 111. " Dr. Elt, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. " E. P. Selbt, " " J. C. Mat, ■' " " E. H. Little, Frccport, 111. " Gov. Ramsey, Minnesota. (( E. C. Henshaw, Ot tawa. 111. " Wright, Waukegan, 111. THE LAKE COUNTY DELEGATION. 161 _v, v^i>5^^ -^^ THE LAKE I'tiUNTY DF.LEGAT]U^. and turnips, and the whole anti-scorbutic fraternitv ; barrels of cider, kegs of beer, and astride of the kegs, perched npon the barrels, and rolling among the onions, were boys by the cart-load, Northwestern boys, boys from Lake County. The wagons were driven to the Sanitary Commission rooms, where they were unladen, the crowd acting as stevedores. Tliis magnificent harvest- home brought tears to ihe eyes of many a spectator, and would have done, doubtless, had the onions been parsnips. One of the most interesting donations to the Chicago Fair was the original manuscript of the Proclamation of Emancipation. President Lincoln said, in Ills letter accompanying the document, "I had some desire to retain the paper; but if it shall contribute to the relief and comfort of the soldiers, that will be better." It was bought for $3,000 by T. B. Bryan, President of the Chicago Soldiers' Home ; and we shall have to tell, in another place, of the goodly fund the proclamation has been the means of securing to the institution. The management and operations of the Dining Hall were so thoroughly characteristic of the West that they merit description in detail. The city was carefully canvassed for donations of articles of food ; a record was made of all who would contribute, of what they could furnish, and of the days upon which thev wnidd send it. The aggregate supply for each day was thus 162 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. ascei'tainetl. Cooked meats were also received from without the city. Michi- gan gave enormous quantities of the finest fruit ; four fiftlis of this were sent to the hospitals. Game, roasted and carefully packed, came from Grundy County, Illinois. Hereafter, when we complain of what Grundy says, let us remember what Grundy did. Elgin supplied the milk, holding a monopoly at which no one grumbled. The ladies of Dubuque, learning that on certain days there would be a deficiency of poultry, hastened home, sent their best shots to the woods, and the fiercest raiders to the hen-coops. The threatened scarcity was averted by the timely arrival of one hundred roast turkeys, two hundred ducks, and as many chickens. That these were sent hot to the express car we can readily believe ; but when we are told, as we are, and in print, too, that they were brought to the table from the car smoking hot, as if they had just left the spit, we hesitate. We are i-cminded of that great traditional culinary mystery of the four-and-twenty blackbirds, wbich, when baked, and, doubtless, "smoking hot," as soon as the pie was opened at once began to sing. Fourteen tables were set in the dining hall, with accommodations for about three hundred guests at once. Each table was reset four or five times daily. Six ladies were appointed to take charge of each table during the fair, two of whom presided daily — one to pour out coffee, the other to maintain a general supervision. These ladies were the wives of Congressmen, professional men, clergymen, editors, merchants, bankers, millionaires — none were above serving at the soldiers' dinners. Each presiding lady furnished the table linen and silver for her own table, and added such decorations and delicacies as her taste suggested or she could secure from her friends. '" The waiters were the 3"oung ladies of the city — neat-handed, swift-fuoted, bright-eyed, pleasant- voiced maidens, who, accustomed to being served in their own homes, trans- formed themselves for the nonce, for the dear sake of the sufifering soldiers, into servants. Both the matrons who presided and the pretty girls who served were neatly attiri'd in a simple uniform of white caps and aprons, made, trimmed and worn to suit the varied tastes and styles of the wearers." The Noith American Eeview thus discourses upon certain features of the Chicago Fair : " For fourteen days the fair lasted, and every day brought re-enforcements of supplies and of people and purchasers. The country people, from hun- dreds of miles about, sent in upon the I'ailroads all the various products of their farms, mills, and hands. Those who had nothing else sent the poultry from their barn^'ards ; the ox or bull or calf from the stall ; the title-deed THE CHICAGO FAHl. 163 of a few acres of land ; so many bushels of grain, or potatoes, or onions. Loads of hay, even, were sent in from ten or a dozen miles out, and sold at once in the hay-market. On the roads entering the city were seen rickety and lumbering wagons, made of poles, loaded with a mixed freight — a few cabbages, a bundle of socks, a coop of tame ducks, a few barrels of turnips, a pot of butter, and a bag of beans — with the proud and humane farmer diiving the team, his wife behind in charge of the baby, while two or three little children contended with the boxes and barrels and bundles for room to sit or lie. " Such were the evidences of devotion and self sacrificing zeal which the Northwestern formers gave, as, in their long trains of wagons, they trundled into Chicago, from twenty to thirty miles' distance, and unloaded their con- tents at the doors of the Northwestern Fair, for the benefit of the United States Sanitary Commission. The mechanics and artisans of the towns and cities were not behind the farmers. Each manufacturer sent his best piano, plough, threshing-machine, or sewing-machine. Every form of agricultural implement and every j^roduct of mechanical skill was represented. From the watchmaker's jewelry to horse-shoes and harness ; from lace, cloth, cotton and linen, to iron and steel; from wooden and waxen and earthen ware to butter and cheese, bacon and beef: nothing came amiss, and nothing foiled to come, and the ordering of all this was in the hands of women. They fed in the restaurant under the fair, at fifty cents a meal, fifteen hundred mouths a day, for a fortnight, from food furnished, cooked, and served by the women of Chicago ; and so orderly and convenient, so practical and wise were the arrangements, that, day by day, they had just what they had ordered and what they counted on, always enough, and never too much. Tliey divided the houses of the town, and levied on No. 16 A street, for five tur- keys, on Monday; No. 37 B street, for twelve apple-pies, on Tuesday; No. 49 C street, for forty pounds of roast beef, on Wednesday ; No. 23 D street was to furnish so much pepper on Thursday ; No. 33 E street, so much salt on Friday. " In short, every preparation was made in advance, at the least incon- venience possible to the peojjle, to distribute in the most equal manner the welcome burden of feeding the visitors at the fair, at the expense of the good people of Chicago, but for the pecuniary benefit of the Sanitary Commission. Hundreds of lovely young girls, in simple uniforms, took their places as waiters behind the vast array of tables, and everybody was as well served as at a first-class hotel, at less expense to himself, and with a great profit to the 164 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. fair. It is universally conceded that to Mrs. Livermorc and Mrs. Hoge, old and tried friends of the soldier and of the Sanitary Commission and its ever- active agents, are due the planning, management, and success of this truly American exjiloit." TUB CHICAGO FAIB DINING HALL. The Curiosity Shop had this peculiarity about it, that it occupied a court- room, and that, to make room for it, court was adjoui-ned for a fortnight, the adjourning judge giving his services to the ladies. The hall was draped with flags, fourteen captured from the rebels being conspicuovis. A counter run- ning through the centre was covered with trophies, guns, bowie-knives, swords, shells, shackles, camji-stools, all of which had a liistory. There was, of course, a fragment of the Constitution, and a morsel of the Charter Oak. Aquanama, a chief of the Menominees, sent his photograph, and his daughter, Emma, three bags made by herself. There were minerals, shells, iron, copper, silver ; a snuff-box that had crossed in the Mayflower ; a copy of the first Bible printed in America; and bracelets detached from a gigantic Indian skeleton, but just exhumed. Ill the Art Gallery were collected the best works in Chicago, lent for exhi- bition by their owners. Church, Boutelle, Kensett, Eossiter, Angelica Kauff- man, G. H. Hall, Healy, Gifford, Cropsey, Craneh, were worthily represented. Some raspberries, neatly done up in a leaf, by Hall, and suspended by a nail. CUICAGO INCIDENTS. 165 attracted the notice of a child, who so asked for them and so cried for them that he hud to be taken from the room. The authorized " History of the Northwestern Fair" wishes tlie reader to infer that the cliild was a judge of fruit, and thus indirectly paid the artist a high compliment. AVhy not believe him a judge of pictures, and thus compliment the artist still more ? He may have been an epicure, but it is quite as easy to believe him a connoisseur ; and a little boy weeping because his father denies him a mas- terpiece, certainly offers as pleasant a sight as an urchin crying for rasp- beiTies. The success of this exhibition may be gathered from the fact that the gallery remained open a fortnight after the close of the fail-, and that the whole expenses were defrayed by the sale of catalogues ! A series of entertainments, rehearsed for the occasion, were given in the evening at Metropolitan Hall, Mrs. Livermore being deputed to preside over the department of public amusements. First, a concert by two hundred chil- dren dressed in white and crowned with flowens, whose every song was en- cored ; second, an exhibition of tableaux upon a revolving platform ; third, another series of tableaux by a part}^ from Detroit; then a concert; after that an olio of readings and recitations ; then a promenade concert, more tableaux, and, tinally, two lectures. Nearly $4,500 were realized by these well-spent evenings at Metropolitan Hall. '•The Volunteer," a daily evening newspaper, edited by Mr. Frank D. Carley, and sold by young maidens acting as colporteurs — the authorized his- tory says "newsboys" — paid its own way and $377 besides. We are perhaps indebted to it for the preservation of the following incidents of the fair, which are worth preserving a little longer : A small sum of money was found in the pocket of a soldier who had died in a soutliwestern hospital, and was forwarded to his sister at home. Unwilling to apjily these few dollars to any ordinary use, she j>urchased with them a quantity of ze^jhyr worsted, and with her own hands knit an afghan, offered it to the fair, and had the satisfaction of seeing it .sold for $100. A negro woman, who had made her way north from Montgomery, Ala- bama, brought her offering to the fair, saying to the secretary : " Please. Missus, may dis sheet, what I got wid my own money, and stitched wid my own hands, be sold for de Union sojers?" The sheet was sold for a price which would have been liberal for a shawl. Five baiTcls of potatoes came to the fair from Como, Illinois, the result nf the summer's fanning of six 3'oung ladies, who had planted, hoed, and dug tiiem. 166 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Geo. H. Harlow, of Pekin, Illinois, who Lad dedicated a portion of bis garden to the army, sent the entire yield to the fair, — eleven bushels of potatoes. J. W. Durfee, of Quincy, Illinois, planted two acres of ground with soldier potatoes, and sent the whole crop to the fair, reserving from it, as likely to bear a blessing with them, the small ones for seed. The aggregate of children's hoards, gathered from tin boxes, savings' banks, and stockings, amounted to several hundred dollars. Mrs. Lucinda Brewer, of Sterling, Illinois, a lady in her seventy-eighth year, gave eight work-baskets, twenty pin-cushions, and twelve iron-holders, made from a bedquilt seventy-two years old, all the work of her own hands. Mrs. Mary Ilolbrook, one year older than IMrs. Brewer, and of the same town — which may well be named Sterling — gave three pairs of stockings and two pairs of mittens, knit with her own fingers. Mrs. Lucy Brown, of Norwich, Connecticut, gave a pair of socks, the sixtieth made by herself since the war began. Mrs. Richards, of New York, eighty years of age, sent an afghan, the product of her own busy fingers and discriminating taste. Calender Ditter, a private in the Sixth Minnesota, contributed a specimen of what he called jack-knife jewelry, in the form of a pin thus composed : the pink centre wliittled from a muscle-shell found in the Eed Eiver of the North ; the octagon from a buffalo horn, picked up near Devil's Lake ; tlie white from a muscle-shell found on the banks of the Cheyenne ; and the outer border from a bufl'alo horn, found near the head-waters of the James. "Accept it," wrote private Ditter, "and make the most of it." A soldier, who had given one leg and one arm to his country, emjaloyed the remaining foot and hand in weaving a basket of Lake Superior osiers. The Rev. Mrs. Isaiah Hauser, who resided at Bijnour, nine hundred miles inland, northwest from Calcutta, sent to the fair a package of silkworms' eggs, and a skein of floss of her own manufacture. Mrs. Hauser, it seems, was the wife of a Methodist missionary, and lived in the district which was the scene of Nena Sahib's rebellion. She carried on a silk-growing establishment, for the purpose of giving employment to orphans in the care of the mission. Eggs laid at Bijnour, sent prepaid across the ocean, exhibited at Chicago ! They were bought by a gentleman, who, doubtless, remembered the days of the morus multicaulis, and who promised to let the world know if eggs from India would flourish in Indiana. With a soldiers stoiy of a raffle we conclude our catalogue of incidents. '•A brave fellow from Chickamauga, who had lain for weeks in the hospital, A RAFFLE AT CHICAGO. 167 came home to Illinois to recover his health and heal his ■wounded aud almost useless limb. His wife had come from her country home to Chicago to meet him, and to help him complete his Journey. He said to her, 'Mar}', I must go to that fair, if it takes my last dollar. I think I have one left.' Witli the help of his wife and his crutches he entered the bazaar, and, as he .said, ' was dazzled with its brightness and carried away with its enthusiasm.' It was an amazing contrast to the battle-field, hospitals, and barracks he had left behind. The glittering pagoda in the centre of Br^-an Hall attracted him, as it did every one. x\n elegant cake-basket was being sold in eighteen shares, at one dollar a share. 'Ill take a chance for you, Mary,' said the wounded hero, and a half shadow fell over the fice of his wife, as she saw his last dollar go. The shares were all sold — the drawing commenced, and to our wounded brave from Chiekamauga was delivered the cake-basket. Such delight as there was over the good luck of the wounded soldier! 'T thought the ladies would have cari-ied me on their shoulders, when my name was called as the lueky one,' said the happy fellow afterwards, wlien telling the story, ' they were so glad I drew the cake-basket — Goil bless 'em ! ' " The Chicago Fair brought into the treasury exactly three times as much as the most sanguine had dared to hope. To the Women of the Prairi(.' be the credit, as is most justly due. KLLSWORTn ZOrAVE DRILL. The fallowing are the footings of the various departments of the fair, and the grand total : Total casl. receipts $22,083 i)7 Admissions and sales 41,423 2^ German de[iartment, Mrs. Gi, Geo, Hoadlt, Larz Anderson. 2iecording Secretary^ y- — S. J. Broadwell. ^y^ Exeaitive Committee^ K. W. BuRN"ET, TnoMAs G. OmoRNE, Charles F. WiLSTAcn. Geo. K. Shoenberger, A. Aub, M. Bailey, Eli C. Baldwin, Joshua H. Bates, E. S. Brooks, A. E. Cliara- berlin, Rev. B.'W. Chidlaw, Charles E. Cist, C. G. Comeijys, M. D., Geo. F. Davis, Charles R. Eos- diek, L. B. Harrison, .James M. Johnston, B. F. Baker, David Judkius, M. D.. Edward Mead, M. D., Geo. Mendenhall, M. D., W. 11. Mussey, M. D., Henry Pearee, Elliot H. Pendleton, Chas. Thomas. Mark E. Reeves, E. T. Robbins, all of Cineinnati ; Charles Butler, of Franklin ; James McDaniel, J. D. Phillips, R. W. Steele, of Dayton ; David S. Brooks, of Zanesville. Treasury, the First National Bank of Cineinnati. THE CINCINNATI BRANCH. 179 city. Tliej contributed to the equipment of thirty-two steamers running in Western waters, transporting supplies and bringing home the sick and wounded. The aid rendered on the Donelson field by the steamer " Allen Collier," chartered by the citizens and stocked by the commission, saved hun- dreds of lives. The Collier was the first steamer to ascend the Cumberland after the battle ; the wounded were aljsoluteh^ without medicines, the floating hospital having on board no chloroform, but two ounces of cerate, no meat, no wood, and neither a spoon nor a candlestick. The suffering alleviated by the arrival of a steamer laden with hospital supplies can be imagined. Tlie members of the Cincinnati Branch afterwards travelled thousands of miles on their errands of mercy ; they aided the government in tlie establish- ment of eight hospitals in Cincinnati, and Covington, Kentucky; they sug- gested and assisted in the labor of converting Camp Dennison into a general hospital. They bought furniture, became responsible for rent and the pay of nurses, provided material for the supply-table, hired physicians, and in num- berless ways secured that full and careful attention to the care and comfort of the soldier which, from inexperience, want of means, or the fear of responsi- bility, would otherwise, dui'ing the first and second years of the war, liavc been wanting. In May, 1862, they established a Soldiers' Home, where, up to the close of 1864, eighty thousand soldiers had been entertained, three hundred and seventy-two thousand meals having been furnished in that time. They interested themselves in obtaining a burial-place for Ohio soldiers in Spring Grove Cemetery, inducing the trustees to give one lot gratuitously, and the legislature to buy two otliers at a merely nominal jirice. All the soldiers who lie in the first lot were interred at the expense of the trustees. Up to the time of holding the fair, the Cincinnati Branch had received and disbursed tlie following sums, excluding ij^S.OOO which had been ap- propriated by the state and the city, with which, of course, we liave nothing to do: Donations from citizens of Cincinnati $38,2fi.5 73 " " Oliio U,42.'i 4.3 Sales of unconsumed rations at Soldiers' Home 2,175 52 Donations from citizens of California 15,000 00 Interest and premium on securities 5,655 00 Total $7.5,510 08 The value of supplies received in kind during the same period was not far from $1,000,000. 180 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. rt^ i;? f m&h - cr. Urn. ' ^ ATE in tlie fall of 1863, the funds of the branch were running low and the calls for aid were by no means decreas- ing. The members began to look about them. The peo- ple were prosperous, their pockets were comfortably lined, but the difficulty appeared to be to get at them. What was wanted was an effective means of appeal. "Why," suggested " A Lady" in several of the daily papers, " Chicago has lately held what they call there a Sanitary Fair ; why not have one in Cincinnati — only, of course, a much better one, a much finer one, and a much bigger one." The healthy competition existing between Cincinnati and Chicago is well known. So calls were issued, meetings held, and resolutions aj^proved ; pretty soon officers were elected, committees appointed, and a conference was had with the ladies, who had also been holding meetings and passing resolutions. The two segments speedily came together, and the papers and the mails very soon teemed with earnest appeals for assistance. Christmas was coming, and it was not long ere the sentiment of young Ohio was pretty unanimously this: "Give my present to the soldiers; lean wait and they can't." Thus the tjip: great western fair. isi bread was thrown upon the waters, and how it returned may be told in a word : tliere were more holiday presents bought than ever ; but they were all bought at the fair. The following officei's for the Great Western Fair had now been appointed, and were hard at work : President, Majok-Genekal W. S. Eoseceans. Vice-President, Second Vice-President, Matoe IIaeeis. Mes. De. Mendexhall. Treasurer, Correspondinr; Secretary, RoBEKT W. BURXET. JoilN I). CaLDWELL. Execxitice Committee, EdOAE CONKLING, D. T. WoODEOW, CiiAELEs Reakiet, Benjamin Beuce, Chaeles F. Wilstacii, L. C. Hopkins, James Dai.ton, Chaeles E. Cisii, Mes. Hosea, Mes. W. F. Nelson, Mes. Joseph Tilnet, Mes. R. M. W. Tatloe, Mes. John Keblee, Mrs. Staebvck, Mes. Joseph Gcild. Not long after, the chairmen of the various sub-committees reported prog- ress. The Building Committee were erecting two mammoth edifices, four hundred feet long and sixty wide. Various halls, concert-rooms, etc., had been engaged, and preparations were in a forward state. The Committee on Transportation had made an arrangement with the railroad and steamboat companies by which the latter would sell, once a week, during the contin- uance of the fair, a round-trip ticket at half price, and give the whole to the fair ; and this, besides ean-ying all packages for tlie fair gratuitously. The Committee on Finance had obtained about $5,000. The Committee on Enter- tainments had been promised a night at the OjDcra House, and the services of the Newport Military Band. The Committee on the Entertainment of Strangers were preparing to assume their hospitable duties. Every thing augured well; the population of the interior towns had been well stirred, nay, probed, by the thousands of circulars that had been sent them; the railroads were already beginning to groan ; and the indications were abundant that, as the President of the Sanitary Commission had ventured to pre- dict, Cincinnati would be content with nothing less than six figures, the first figure of the six being, at the very least, a two. One hundred and nineteen 183 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. COMMITTEE ON ENTERTAINMENT OP 8TRANGERH — AT WORK. organizations, eitlier aid societies, clmrches, circles, or schools, had signified their intention of being represented by delegates or tables. Two of the devices of the Fi- nance Committee deserve especial mention. Tlio first of these was a proposition that persons should con- tribute to a fund in sums of $20, or of some multiple of $20 ; this should be invested in United States Five-Twenty Bonds, and, at the close of the fair, one quarter of the bonds should be redistributed to the subscribers by lot. Thus a con- tributor of $20 might get a $1,000 bond, and yet three quarters of the amount subscribed would still reach the commission. The table of results will show that the fair obtained some $1,000 from this source. The other device was to give to each contributor of small sums, from $1 to $10, a certificate bearing the signature and portrait of General Eosecrans, and a vignette of the Goddess of Liberty. $10,000 were produced by the sale of these certificates, which were popularly called " Sanitary Whitebacks." The Great Western Fair opened on the day appointed, the 21st of Decem- ber. A welcoming address by Gen. Eosecrans, a prayer by Bishop Mcllvaine, " My Country, "tis of Thee," sung by nine hundred children of the public schools, and speeches by distinguished gentlemen, formed the ceremonial of dedication. Tiie fair projjer, or sale of goods, did not begin till evening. Then, according to all accounts, a vision of beauty burst upon the astounded gaze. The spectator was regaled with a glimpse of Fairy Land. He saw before him wares " ranged in graceful rows, pendent in delicate clusters, or heaped in gorgeous piles." " Ophir had disgorged the richest plunder of its caverns." One circumstance favored the Cincinnatians exceedingly — the season. It is true that the Chicago festival had been set in the gorgeous mounting of an American autumn, and had profited by the associations of harvest time and the approaching thanksgiving ; it is true that the Philadel- phians were to make ready to greet the roses and the buds of the early sum- mer; but Boston, New York, and Brooklyn would receive no fivor from any conjunction of the stars, no extrinsic aid from the season, the time, or the hour. Now Cincinnati had chosen the very witching season of the year, THE COMMITTEE ON EVERGREENS. 183 WORK OF THE roMMtlTEE ON EVERGREENS. when churches are dressed in the green that neitlier the sun nor the storm can wither, wlien the veriest cabin may be made beautiful with boughs of cedar and hemlock. Santa Glaus had iiromised to lend Cincinnatus a hand, and he brought not onl^^ his pack, but his roljes. Mozart and Greenwood Halls were embowered in green ; the forest had deserted the hillside, and was visiting the city for Christmas. The tables, the ceilings, the walls, were draped, hung, festooned, canopied with branches ; hot- house flowers and ruddy winter apples mingled their livelier hues with the dark sobriety of tlie evergreen. No doubt the literal significance of the scene was that of a mart, a place for buying and selling, for barter and exchange; but the fact that whatever else was sold, nothing but oil and wine were to be bought, no trafficker sent out but those who were provided as the Samaritan was, with healing for wounds and moneys with which to make sure of bed and board for the sick and weary, is evidence that a sanitary fair may honorably and reverently deck itself in the sacred Christmas emblem. Inasmuch as the 25th of December was at hand, and as the children had asked to be allowed to go without their presents, it was evidently necessaiy to lay in a large stock of Christmas-trees; children cannot always be gratified in their desires. Forty-four were accordingly prepai'ed, and placed upon the stage behind the curtain of Greenwood Hall. When all was ready, and the hush of expectancy sufficiently breathless, the curtain was raised upon the graceful labor of the Committee on Evergreens. The effect was tremendous. Small hands were clapped in ecstasy; wee voices grew gradually louder, and the roar was so overwhelming that the welkin, had there been one, would have rung again. A sorcerer stepped upon the stage. This was not pre- cisely Santa Claus, though he possessed the power of whisking off Christmas- trees to the homes of certain persons whose names he had the mission to pronounce. His spell was peculiar, his ceremonial quaint, and his utterance intelligible only to the few. He bore a hammer in his hand, he repeated certain cabalistic words, principally numerals, till they ran into and over each other and lost all coherence, all sense, and all shape. If every thing that had been going had finally gone, there would have been nothing left in 184 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Cincinnati. The name of tbis potent spirit was Graff. He rehearsed the word dollar so often during the evening, that at the end of the ceremonies there were seven hundred and thirty-seven of them collected upon a piece 6ALE OF TEIRISTMAS TRERS IN nHEENWOOD HALL. of paper. The trees were sent away by express-wagon the next morning. The whole horticultural department was a triumph of nature and art — a happy mingling of taste, flowers, skill, red apples, and evergreens. Omitting all mention of the Gallery of Curiosities and Relics — briefly described in fifty-seven pages of the " Ilistory of the Great Western Fair" — and merely referring to the exhibition of Fine Arts as one of a high order of merit, we come to tlie sale of autographs and autogi'aph letters, a marked feature of the fair. Premising that the receipts from this department were nearly $1,700, we may mention a few of the items that formed this aggregate. 0. W. Holmes had been asked "to be funny over his own signature," and he replied in his most facetious vein, sending a series of questions and answers in natural history, wherein, instruction was insidiously conveyed in the simple guise of conundrums. Two specimens must suflice: " What instance can you give of the cunning of serpents? " Ans. The simple fact that they secrete their venom where they can find it when wanted. " Why do the above questions amuse you more than the answers ? AUTOGRAPHS AND LETTERS. 185 "Ans. Because the person who asks the question is the querist." J. H. Beard, the artist, in his letter of rejjly to a request for his signature, said: "I hope j'ou will not take it unkindly if I decline sending my auto- graph. I have long since determined never to let it go into the market again. You will, therefore, present my regret to the Sanitary Commission. Respect- fully yours, J. H. Beard." James Buclianan expressed the hope that the fair might have all the success it deserved. Fred. Cozzcns had been asked for the original manuscript of the " Horse Episode," in the " Sparrovvgrass Papers;" but being unable to find it, and supposing that it had got into the pound, he sent the story about the bugle instead. Mrs. Paul Akers sent a poem, and William Lloyd Gan-ison three senti- ments, a letter, and a toast. Nathaniel Ilawthorne contributed letters from the author of "Tom Brown," from Mrs. Gore and Dr. Mackay. Generals Grant, Hooker, Howard, Grierson, McClellan, McDowell, Meade, Pope, Pleasanton, and many others, sent letters, autographs, or gifts. The Rev. John Picrpont forwarded, from his desk in the Treasury Depart- ment, a poem in eight lines, which was as good as it was short. Archbishop Purcell and Bishop Rosecrans sent their best wishes, accom- panied by a pair of very fine daggers. These were not Damascus blades, nor yet stilettos from Toledo. They were bloodless weapons, and were sheathed up to the hilt in the signatures, thus: fJol"! B. Purcell, f S. H. Rosecrans. Buchanan Read, not content with exhibiting pictures, sent poems also. It is not to be wondered at that the gentleman who preferred the works of Claude to those of LoiTaine, and who was in Cincinnati in the winter of 1863, should have pronounced Read, the artist, as in every particular the equal of Buchanan, the poet. General Scott, who replies not to private requests for autographs, sent six, attached to as many photographs, to Cincinnati. John Sherman obtained for the fair an autograph copj- of an interest- ing document He applied to President Lincoln for the original Amnesty Proclamation ; but as this was somewhat defaced, the President copied it, retaining all the marks, erasures, notes and additions. Fi'amed in black wal- nut, this document was sold to the National Union of Cincinnati for $150. General Sherman contributed a fifty-dollar rebel note of the latest issue. 186 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Mr. Fernando Wood regretted that he liad not access to his file of letters from distinguished men of twenty years ago ; for if he had, he could furnish several autographs of value. Two autograph letters of Humboldt, one to Hon. J. H. Wright, and one to James Buchanan, were offered to bidders. The first brought $4.75; the other, being accompanied by a certificate or voucher from Mr. Buchanan, who liad received it and knew it was genuine, was worth twenty-five cents more. A bank check, signed by Jefferson Davis, indorsed by Mrs. Davis, and honored by the Brothers Chubb, on whom it was drawn, was sold for eighty cents ; one of Drake de Kay's military passes, famous in the early days of the rebellion for the bold strategy of the chirography, for twenty-five cents ; an autograph letter from Guizot, for three dollars ; one from Baron Liebig, for fifteen cents; one from Kamehamcha IV. to the Hon. D. Kamehameha of the Interior Department, with jihotographs of the King and Queen of the Sandwich Islands, for $1.50. A Frederick the Great brought $2.G0 ; a paper in the handwriting of Oliver Ellsworth, Chief Justice of the United States, ten cents ; and a John Caspar Lavater, twenty cents. A lesson may be learned from the history of the autograph department of the Great Western Fair. It is this : when asked for your signature to be sold at a vendue, never send nine of them. A gentleman did this, and they were hustled ofi"in bulk for fifteen cents. Had he sent but one it would probably have brought quite as much, and perhaps more. Thus the soldiers were liter- ally fleeced by excess of zeal on the part of an ardent well-wisher. However, we must not quarrel with the items, when they foot up so well. If the whole is satisfactory, why find fault with the parts ? Seventeen hundred dollars from such a source is a goodly sum. If a wound received in a sabre fight is healed by the succor afforded by an autograph, we are more convinced than ever that the pen is mightier than the sword. The bazaar of merchandize, machinery, and produce, under the superin- tendence of Mr. James C. C. Holenshade, was the most productive department of the fair, yielding over $60,000. There were four grand representative divisions — produce, machinery, merchandise, and stock. Here were grain and potato bins overflowing with the increase of the fields; barrels of cider on tap; tiers of baled hay, separated, by a judicious aiTangement, from the cattle, horses, and sheep ; trunks for those who wished to travel for their health, a retail drug dispensary for those who preferred seeking health at home ; there were hens and chickens with the feathers on, hens and chickens with the A DONATION SUPPER. 187 featliers off — barn-door fowls in the one case, poultry in the other ; animal life in the form of hogs, cast-iron in the shape of pigs, those in droves, these in stacks ; furniture for those who were going to housekeeping, carriages and wagons for those who were giving it up. A donation supper for soldiers' families was given during the fair. That is, a supper was given, not to soldiers' families, but to other persons who eat it for their benefit. People gave the provisions, and then paid to eat them ; they gave cakes, and then bought them again ; they even paid to get in, in order to buy their own gifts : the city police contributed $500 in cash ; and seventeen ladies, canvassing the seventeen wards, brought in $6,000 more. $7,146 were distributed to soldiers' fiimilies in the city — and this amount is not included in the table of proceeds of the fair. The proprietors of the Niles Works threw open their shipyard for the good of the cause. Or rather, as their yard was, doubtless, open previously, they generously shut the gates, placed a tax-gatherer at the door, so that every one who wished to see a monitor might give a quarter to the fair; or he that wished to give a quarter to the fair might do so while inspecting the Catawba. Seventeen hundred persons availed themselves of this privilege. The dej^artment of public amusements, amateur and professional, contribu- ted its full share to the treasury. Mr. Murdock summoned audiences to secular and patriotic readings at Mozart Hall, to sacred readings at Pike's Academy ; the Shakspeare Club collected three hundred and fifty rascal counters, three hundred and fifty units of the vile trash, wdiich, having been slave to thousands, may once have been yours or mine ; three hundred school children, assisted by their teacher. Professor Graeser, went through a series of " free gymnastics" with dumb-bells, rings, and staves. The gymnasts of the Catholic Institute built unsteady pyramids of human bodies, each pyramid, when the apex fell or the abutments heaved from out the centre, dissolving into a tableau, wherein Ajax impudently defied the lightning, and with impu- nity too, or Cain threatened Abel with the latest gymnastic bruise. German professionals enacted " The Stockdrover of Austria," and Cincinnati amateurs " The Momentous Question." The Seventh Regiment was drilled for the public diversion, and, by the aid of the cunning of the scene and the illusions of a mid-winter night, conveyed to the audience a gi'aphic idea of an " Outpost in Winter." Nearly $3,000 were poured into the common fund by the Com- mittee on Public Amusements. An analysis of the sources from which the contributions to the fair were drawn, gives the following results : 188 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. From the State of New York $12,069 " Massachusetts 1,193 " Pennsylvania, about 2,500 " Missouri, " 2,000 " lUinois, " . 500 " Tennessee, " 2,500 " Maryland, " 200 " Kentucky, " .' 4,500 Indiana, " 2,500 From other States, " 2,500 From Ohio, " 30,000 From Cincinnati, " 175,000 Cincinnati tlms contributed nearly three quarters of the proceeds of the fair, about one dollar for every man, woman, and child within the city limits. The " History of the Great Western Fair" thus closes: "In Cincinnati was first conceived and successfully executed the plan capable of working out the idea which Chicago had suggested, the plan since adopted elsewhere, and which adapts itself readily to the enlarging desires of the nation. Cincinnati, however, soon found that as she surpassed Chicago, so other cities were raising sums far larger than her own. In no cities, however, except St. Louis and Pittsburgh, have the results been comparatively greater ; and these last fairs were held under the stimulus of previous successes, and with the benefit of the experience which others had gained. Cincinnati will suffer nothing in the general comparison, for it is seen that she reached, according to her population, the proportion of the full measure of the country's capacity to give, as proved in the great eastern cities." The following is a detailed report of the proceeds of the Great Western Fair, by committees, departments, and tables : Sale of tickets to Ladies' Bazaar $13,309 65 " " Merchandise and Produce Hall 1,444 20 " " Palace Garden 100 80 " " Horticultural Dep.artnient 1,547 55 " " Art Hall 1,100 00 " " War Memorials and Eelics 1,145 55 Sale of general tickets 5,490 70 $24,138 45 Post-Office $91 90 Net proceeds of the " Ladies' Knapsack," fair newspaper 600 00 St. Jolm's Episcopal Church tables 598 05 Christmas-Tree entertainments 1,106 21 sales 183 45 College Hill Ladies' Society table 445 40 Ohio Female College table 284 85 A FINANCIAL REPORT. Fruits, flowers, and fancy articles, Mrs. I). T. Woodrow's tables. . . $1,.S70 .51 Refreshment table 863 95 Stereoscopic views 20 75 Sale of instrument presented by Hon. S. P. Chase 200 00 Closing sale of articles 301 05 Cash donations 44 40 Net proceeds, expenses deducted Receipts from tables in Ladies' Bazaar Refreshment Committee $221 47 Autograph " l,f!77 55 Coal " 778 75 Transportation " 10,353 37 Nursery " 1,000 00 Finance " 50,291 62 Sales in Merchandise and Produce Hall 01,626 33 Certificates of contributions 10,121 10 Donations through C. G. Rogers 2,594 82 Profit on Five-Twenty Bonds 3,930 00 Sales in Art Gallery 350 64 189 16,101 89 62,309 42 Sale of relics and curiosities 923 33 Exhibition of monitors 425 00 Proceeds of concerts, lectures, &c 3,434 13 " of S. Smith's picture of the Crucifixion 1,140 00 Sales of liuildiiigs 12,072 00 $107,546 11 Total receipts $260,095 87 Deduct expenses for buildings, &c 25,506 89 $234,588 98 Add, as per supplementary report 817 64 Grand total $235,406 62 Now Cincinnati, proud of the quarter of a million thus obtained, sent to the city of Brooklyn, New York, in a spirit of defiance, a huge broom, being 190 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. the ideal utensil which had swept together the glittering heaps. Brooklyn, nothing daunted, and with its preparations nearly completed for a fair of its own, picked up the broom as if it had been a knightly glove, and muttered: " As two and a half is to four, so is Cincinnati and Southern Ohio to Brooklyn and Long Island." We proceed now briefly to show how this prophecy, TIIK lu;ciOKI.VN AND LONG ISLAND FAIR. uttered under the breath, was made good in tones of tliunder. bargain," sang Mr. Palfrey, and thus went on to sing : ' Fair is a Fair is a bargain, i\-licn 'tis made According to tlie rules of trade ; Fair is the maid who sells tliese rhymes, You've called her so a tliousand times; Fair are the speeches — false as fair — That oft in Congress vented are; Fair are tlie nymphs that throng Broadway On every bonnet-opening day; In civil storms, as Job sets forth (xxxvii. 22), " Fair weather cometh from the North Fairmount by Scluiylkill's wave is fair; Fairfield is famed for wholesome air; Fair winds impel Fairhaven's sails. Hunting in Arctic seas for whales; Fair was the fight at Nazeby, when Stout Fairfax beat King Charles's men; And fair with treasures rich and rare Is Brooklyn's Sanitary Fair. THE BROOKLYN AND LONG LSLAND FAUl 11)1 The Brooklyn and Long Island Sanitary Fair is claimed, by those most interested, to have been the first act of self-assertion ever done by the City of Churches. Though possessing the Navy Yard of the nation, the most beauti- ful Cemetery in the world, public schools as good as any in the land, noble institutions of charity, of learning and the arts, and though being, upon the authority of the census, the third city in the Union, it had been content to lie in the shadow of its mighty neighbor, a quiet suburb, a part, but not a whole, a Latin Quarter, a Trastevere, in short, the New Yorker's alcove, his bed- chamber. But when, in November, 18fi3, the Women's Relief Association of Brooklyn decided to iinite with the sister city in a grand Metropolitan Fair, to be held in February, 1864, and when, upon the postponement of the enter- prise for six weeks, Brooklyn refused, to postpone, and resolved to have a fair of her own,* to do business henceforward in her own name, and to break loose from Manhattan fetters, then it was, we are told, that she '• asserted her full- grown womanhood, and, starting forth to walk alone, not only walked but * The following were the offlcera of the Brooklyn and Long Island Sanitary Fair : Oeiural Committee, Abiel a. Low, President. Exeaitive Committee — Gentlemen. DwiGHT JoHNSOX, Chairman. Frederick A. Farley, D. D., Cor. tkcrctary. Walter S. Griffith, Sec. Set-retanj. Jas. II. FnoTniNOHAM, Trec^iirer. Hon. Jas. S. T. Stranahan, H. B. Claflin, Hon. James HrMPHKET, Hon. Alfred M. Wood, Elias Lewis, Jr., George S. Stephenson, Hon. Joun A. Lott, Hon. Edward A. Lambert, Archibald Baxter, Ethelbert S. Mills, James I>. Sparkman, Hon. John A. Kino, Arthcr W. Benson, S. B. Chittenden, Henry E. Pierrepont John D. McKenzie, Samuel B. Caldwell, Ambrose Snow, Thomas T. Bcckley, A. A. Low, Henry Sheldon, Charles A. Meigs, William H. Jenkins, Joseph Wilde, Joseph Ripley, Edward J. Lowber, Luther B. Wyman, W. W. Armfield, Peter Rice, WiLLARD M. Newell, William Burdon, S. Emerson Howard. Executive Comm ittee — Ladies. Mrs. J. S. T. Stranahan, President. Miss Kate E . Waterbur y, Hec. /Secretary. Mrs. S. B. Caldwell, " S. B. Chittenden, " W. J. Cogswell, Mbs. G. B. Archer, " E. Anthony, " H. W. Beeciier, " A. W. Benson, " C. J. Bergen, " R. C. Brainard, " J. C. Bkevoort, " T. T. Bickley, " W. I. Buddington, " N. BCRCIIARD, " A. Bradshaw, J. p. Dlffin, J. W. Harper, A. Crittenden, Alfred M. Wood, L. Harrington, G. n. IIitntsman, T. F. King, E. S. Mills, H. Waters, Mrs. H. L. Packer, Cor. Secretary. Mrs. G. B. Archer, Treaxurcr. Mrs. Morrell, " W. W. Pell, " II. E. Pierrepont, " E. Shapter. " H. Sheldon, " J. C. Smith, " J. D. Sparkman. " G. S. Stephenson, " J. S. Swan, " A. Trask, " J. Vanderbilt. 192 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. ran and soared, and amazed even herself." She amazed her big relative, too, and, if she did not alarm her, she stimulated her. A meeting was held in Brooklyn on the 19th of December, 1863, which exerted no little influence upon the success of the undertaking. The wealth and public spirit of the city were there, and before the evening was over the public spirit had got the better of the wealth by the sum of some twenty- five thousand dollars. A form of subscription was read, and Mr. John D. McKenzie was the fortunate man who first placed his name upon the papeh He not only did that, but he put the well-known formula, $1,000, over against it. Mr. Abiel A. Low took offence at this, apparently, for he inscribed a dif- ferent number, namely, $2,500, over against his name. Two such examples could not remain without followers, and they did not. Nearly thirty thousand dollars were subscribed during the evening, and in ten days the sums promised amounted to fifty thousand dollars. Notices were now sent to the various Sewing and Aid Societies of Long Island, inviting them to send contribu- tions to the fair, and in a short time, the whole population were warmly interested in its success, which, indeed, had never for an instant been doubtful. It was soon decided by the proper authorities that there should be a dining- room connected with the fair, and that it should be called Knickerbocker Hall; that a refectory or lunch-room, furnishing certain peculiar and anti- quated viands, should be called the New England Kitchen ; that there should be a Curiosity Shop, a Gallery of Art, a Post-Office, and a daily newspaper entitled the " Drum Beat." Eaffling and the sale of wine were prohibited. The Academy of Music was to be the central scene of the exhibition, con- nected by bridges with several contiguous buildings, one of which was already in existence, while others were yet to be constructed. All the preparations were completed in time, the booths stocked, the ladies dressed, and, punctually at the stroke of three, upon the 22d of February, the inaugurating proces- sion reached the scene of action. At seven in the evening the doors were thrown open, and the Brooklyn Sanitaiy Fair entered into history. Ages hence, however, when history shall have become old enough to have relapsed into tradition, and when people shall have their doubts whether Brooklyn ever existed even, the records which shall have drifted down to them of the Long Island Fair will confirm them in their unbelief— -just as the written glories of Aladdin's garden teach us that Aladdin never was, nor could have been. Is it too much to say that when ten thousand years have rolled away, .the following paragraph, surviving the wreck of other matter, will be enough A VISION OF SPLENDOR. 19:3 to stamp the Brooklyn Fair as au amiable deceit and all the pleasant stories of it legends ? "A vision of splendor breaks upon the eye, before which few fail to stand in mute amazement. We see, as in some gorgeous dream of fairy land, a world of beautiful creations rise before us. Our eyes are dazzled with vivid colors, and our ears stunned with the clamor of thousands of tongues. It is night. A myriad of gaslights pour a flood of radiance over the wonderful scene. The vast room seems wainscoted and ceiled with rainbows. Glass and silver flash back the blaze in streams of iridescent light; silks and satin shimmer softly, brilliant colors shine everywhere — gold and crimson and green and blue and rose and purple ; perfumes of rarest flowers scent the air ; a melody from the piano tinkles through the tumult like the piping of birds in the pause of a storm, or a burst of sumptuous music from the powerful band rolls out of the balcony and charms the clamor to a breathless liush. * * * # rpjjg richness, vividness, and variety of colors of the thousand articles which heaped the tables, fluttered from the pillars, or glowed from the walls, gave one the impression of a bevy of rainbows playing hide-and- go-seek. The irises of one's eyes, for about five minutes after leaving this brilliant corner, resembled their etherial prototype as well in the rich play of color as in name." They must, indeed, in 11864, take it all for fiction. But the deception will be a harmless one, originating as it did in the honorable cause of humanity. But to some few details of the gentle delusion. In one of the proscenium boxes was the Post-Office, under the care of Mrs. J. P. Duffin and assistants. These ladies not only conducted the busi- ness of their bureau, but they wrote the letters too. The recipients paid fifteen and twenty-five cents postage, according to bulk, perhaps, or else accord- ing to their being written in prose or verse. So ardently did the ladies bend to their task, and so faithfully were letters advertised called for, that nearly $600 were realized, and this was ninety-five per cent, profit. The Postmas- ter-General at Washington has long sought to make his department self- sustaining. Let him go to Brooklyn and learn. The Old Woman who lived in a Shoe dwelt not far from here. This was not, as might at first appear, an idea of the Hide and Leather Committee ; it originated with a lady of one of the city churches. The old woman was personated by a child of tender years, dressed in mobcap and .spectacles, established in a huge shoe, and having so many dolls she really did not know what to do. She sold them., however, for four hours in succession, when she 13 194 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. was relieved by another, and she by still another little girl, in turn. Had they been older, and liad they lived in Elsinore, they would doubtless have exclaimed, each to her successor, '• For tliis relief, much thanks !"' TOK OLD WOMAN WHO LIVED IN A SlIOK In the book department, during the last three days, a placard was exhib- ited, upon which was the following appeal : " Buy a book, and leave it to be sent to the hospital library, Beaufort, S. C." Among the first to respond to this request were three soldiers, who purchased a volume each, and wrote their names and regiments upon the flydeaf One hundred and fifty books were thus obtained, and, at the least, $150 besides. Ten little girls, whose united ages were just one hundred years, arrived in state at the fair one afternoon, having brought to a close an auxiliary fair of their own. They came to bring the proceeds, $16.50 apiece. There are doubtless ten millionaires in the land who liave not done as much in pro- portion, though they may have given tliousands. The chief attraction in tlie Art Gallei-y was, of course, the exhibition of pictures and statues ; but one hardly inferior was the Artists' Album of Sketches in Oil, the fruit of a suggestion of Mr. R. Gignoux, of Brooklyn. The collection numbered one hundred and twenty pictures, by as many con- tributors. It was disposed of in shares of §10 each, over five hundred being sold. The shareholders agreed to meet after the fair, to divide the one hundred and twenty sketches into six portions, and to distribute these by THE NEW ENGLAND KITCHEN. 195 lot. This was done, and the arbitrament of fate was rigidly adhered to. Half the pictures remained in Brooklyn, a i^ortion crossed the river, while a smaller part was transferred to Baltimore. An Amateur Artists' Album, containing fifty-eight pictures in oils and water-colors — the larger part by ladies, and all originals — was disposed of in shares for $500. They were then drawn for in lots, two of twenty each and one of eighteen. Knickerbocker Hall, where creature comforts were dispensed, was a great pecuniary and gastronomic triumph. Upholstery and epicurianism vied with each other, and it is impossible to say which won. Flags, arches, evergreens, shields, mirrors, on the one hand ; on the other, trout, pickles, grouse, eggs, jelly, pies, celery, and ducks. Messrs. Duryea & Co., of New York, not only furnished all the maizena that a hungry public called for, but they cooked it so well, and in so many difterent ways, that every one took maizena, no mat- ter what else he neglected. The other supplies were mainly contributed by the churches, six on each day. Thus, on Tuesday, Marcli 1st, it was the tuin of Plymouth Church, the South Presbyterian, the Harrison Street Dutch Church, St. Charles Borromeo, the Elm Place Congregational, and the East Eeformed Dutch Church ; on Wednesday, it was the turn of six otliers. The quantity consumed in a day was not far from the following, maizena not included : One hundred turkeys and chickens, one hundred grouse, Cjuail, and ducks, five hundred pounds of beef, mutton, and venison, twenty hams and tongues, eighteen thousand oysters, fifteen pounds of trout, twenty j^ounds of smelts and other fish; cake, pies, sixty or seventy quarts of jelly, eight hundred cjuarts of ice-cream, two hundred and fifty quarts of coffee and tea, four hun- dred loaves of bread, three baiTcls of crackers, two hundred heads of celery, three barrels of potatoes, besides sugar, butter, egg.s, milk, flour, apples, oranges, pickles, preserves, &c. The articles of food contributed were enough to supply seven eighths of the entire demand. $24,000 was the net result of this thoroughly well managed aSah: The nature of the New England Kitchen will be best explained by an extract from the circular of the committee having the matter in charge : " The idea is to present a fuitliful picture of New England farm-house life of the last century. The grand old fire-place shall glow again, the spinning- wheel shall whirl as of old ; the walls shall be garnished with the products of the forest and the field ; the quilting, the donation, and the wedding party shall assemble once more, while the aj)ple paring shall not be forgotten ; and the dinner-table, always set, shall be loaded with substantial New England 190 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. cheer. We shall try to reproduce the manners, customs, dress, and, if possi- ble, the idiom of the time ; in short, to illustrate the domestic life and habits of the people to whose determined courage, sustained by their faith in God, we owe tliat government so dear to every loyal heart. The period fixed \ipon is just prior to the throwing overboard of the tea in Boston Ilarbor." Another briefer statement of the object in view was made in these words: " It was established to promote plain living, high thinking, a consummation of pork and beans, and a revival of the spirit of seventy-six." Before the projectors of this novel plan could obtain the necessary space in which to carry it out, they were obliged to pledge themselves that it should yield a certain sum, which in the end it did yield, and four times over. The furniture and appointments of the room were, for the most part, genuine antiques. One of the cliairs was a hundred and fifty years old, and had once been buried in the earth, to save it from destruction by the foe. There was a clock, whose face was pitted by a British bullet, and a rifle which had belonged to Patrick Henry ; there were Bibles of the days of the Puritans ; newspapers of the year 1775; paintings from the panels of the Gucrriere ; canteens and spinning-wheels one hundred years old. "We read in the " History of the Brooklyn and Long Island Fair:" " The fire-place was, of course, an important feature of the kitchen. It was of huge dimensions, and strictly after the old New England type. In its capacious mouth an ox might have been roasted with ease. From the tradi- tional trammel swung a gigantic pit, in whicli from time to time were cooked great messes of unctuous chowder or steaming quantums of mush. From the ovens at the sides emerged, at stated periods, spic}^ Indian puddings, smoking loaves of Boston brown bread, and famous dishes of pork and beans, crisped to delicious perfection. " The tables were covered with old-fashioned china, and the guests returned, under the ]-igid rule of the 2>lace, to the ante-silver-fork period, and had to content themselves with the two-tined steel. White sugar was religiously ignored, and modern improvements generally were at a discount. The idea was to live in the Past, and the Present was ignominiously banished. Many, before leaving the New England Kitchen, howsoever well satisfied with the new ways about us, were fain to conclude 'the old is better.' On the tables were bountiful supplies of toothsome viands — pork and beans, ajiple-sauce, Boston brown bread, pitchers of cider, pumpkin, mince, and apple pies, doughnuts, and all the savory' and delicate wealth of the New England larder. The guests were waited upon by damsels with curious names and quaint attire. A QUILTING PARTY. 197 Just such New England girls as spread the cloths and cut the loaves of a century ago were the neat-handed waitresses of the New England Kitchen of the Brooklyn and Long Island Fair. " Tlie venerable knitters in the corner, with their starched ca})s, and snowy kercliiefs crossed over the bosoms of their stuff gowns, the huge fire-place with its mighty logs, the dresser with its rows of shining pewter, the ever-ready churn, the tall clock sedately ticking in the corner, the ridge-poles sti-ung with dried apples, pumpkins, glittering red peppers, seed-bags, and 'yarbs' of healing virtues, the New England girls with their quaint costumes and un- couth speech — all made up a wonderfully striking scene, which, once beheld, could not soon be forgotten." ^L\^ L.NoLAM* Kin UEN : A yUlLTlNG rAUIV. Several entertainments were given in the Kitchen, illustrating the manners of the olden time. We were taught how our ancestors used to sing by the " Old Folks' Concerts ;" how they gladdened the threshold of the parson by the "Donation Visit;'" how pressing works were done in concert by the 198 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. "Quilting Party" and the "Apple Bee;" and, finally, how they married and were given in marriage, Ijy the "New England "Wedding." In tliis last solemnity, Mr. and Mrs. Holmes, of Williamsburg, were united over again by the Rev. Jedediah Poundtext. The illusion was made complete by the gift of a frosted cake to the bride from the ladies of Knickerbocker Hall. The Drum Beat, a daily newspaper, at once advocating the claims of the cause and describing from day to day the passing incidents of the fair, and conducted by the Rev. R. S. Storre, Jr., I). D., and Mr. Francis Williams, was published from February 22d to March 5th, with a supplementary number upon the 11th. Its circulation was about six thousand copies, and it brought into the treasury the rotund sum of $3,050. The entire cost of the type- setting and })rinting was assumed and borne by !Mr. S. B. Chittenden. On the evening of March 8th, not long before the hour of closing, the treasurer announced by bulletin that the contributions of Brooklyn and Long Island to the sanitary cause had reached the raagnilieent sum of $4:00,000. Tliis was four times as much as had been hoped for. wlien Brooklyn expected to form merely a division of the ^Metropolitan Fair. It was proved that they could make brooms, and use them, too, as well in Brooklyn as in Cin- cinnati. Among the sales by auction, after the close of the fair, was that of the house and lot No. 540 Atlantic Street, the gift of Messrs. Scranton & Co. This propert}' was mortgaged for $2,600, and all above this sum which it should bring was to be given to the cause. The first offer was $3,000, the bids mnning rapidly up to $3,fi50. At this point all contestants fell off but two. Here was the auctioneer's oppoi-tunity, and Mr. Sintzenich profited by it. Appealing to the pugnacious instincts of the two competitors in turn, and when one made a bid sympathizing with and stimulating the other, he squeezed out two hundred dollars more, and announced Mr. W. R. Tice the purchaser for the sum of $3,850. A calico ball was given, after the fair had closed, in Knickerbocker Hall. Many of the ladies were dressed in the plainest cotton fabrics, which were afterwards devoted to charitalile uses. Two thousand dollars were realized from this source. The following is an abstract of the treasurer's report : Cash donations $208,52.3 3fi Admissions 50,572 07 (General sales — main building 107,615 .31 " manufacturers' department 19.302 35 AN HONORABLE RECORD. 199 Department of Art, Relics, etc $10,502 08 Drum Beat Committee 3,051 OB Post Otiiee •' 830 55 Slcating Pond 587 45 r Restaurant $12,773 24 Receipts at Knickerboclcer Hall, ■ Confectionery 1,802 85 ( Soda Fountains 1,400 07 15,075 10 Receipts iit New England Kitchen , 4,845 10 Sales of buildings, furniture, and decorations 1,(!00 88 Sundry items 8 82 Casli contributions to the Employment Society for tlie manufacture of liospital goods 2,550 00 Value of hospital supplies and medical comforts contributed through the fair, from city and country, estimated at from $0,000 to $10,000, say 6,000 00 Total $431,073 28 Deduct expenses 20,020 54 Net $402,043 74 The following is a list of cash donations, which amounted, as above, to more than $200,000 : 15. F. Delano (collections) Brooklyn Savings Bank Union Ferry Co Thirteentli Regiment, N. G., Col. Woodward, proceeds of a Promenade Concert Abiel A. Low Sixth "Ward Bounty Committee. South Brooklyn Savings Institu- tion Brooklyn City Railroad St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Flatbush Public Schools of Brooklyn Scranton & Co Town of Hempstead, by .Jno. Harold, Miss Hendricks, and 0. W. Rogers Proceeds of fair at Sag Harbor, by Josiah Douglass, Treasurer Public School Exhibition, W. D., at Academy of Music Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Ch\ircli, by Mrs. E. A. Lam- bert Village (if Soutli Hampton, by CoL B. II. Foster ." $5,184 63 5,000 00 5,000 00 4,011 00 2,500 00 2,000 00 2,000 00 1,025 ns 1,706 84 1,250 00 1,250 00 1,244 77 1,200 00 1,173 00 1,108 57 1,051 25 Brooklyn Collegiate and Poly- technic Institute George B. Archer Horace B. Clatiin Peter C. Cornell Dime Savings Bank 8. B. Chittenden Thomas C. Durant E. T. H. Gibson A. C. Hull, M. D., ])roceeds of dramatic entertainments at the Atheuicum Tliomas Hunt Seymour L. Ilusted Josiah O. Low E. H. R. Lyman -John I). McKenzie Theo. Polhemus, Jr Enos Richardson Henry Sheldon South Second St. M. E. Church. George S. Stephenson Village of Newtown, by O. II. Victor Packer Institute, Senior Class Entertainment Philharmonic Societv $1,032 25 1,000 00 1,000 OO 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1.000 00 1.000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1.000 00 1,000 00 058 04 041 88 018 00 2(»0 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Town of Bridgehampton, by IIoq. H. P. Hedges $fl36 94 I. Van Anden 703 2.5 A. Henly 750 00 Town of Flatbiisli, by J. Lotterts 718 25 Roman Catholic churches of Brooklyn, by Mrs. Dr. Cullen GSS 92 Burnham's Gymnasium Exhibi- tion 088 45 Village of Huntington, by M'm. Xicoll 602 27 Bulkeley Brothers 000 00 Plymouth Sabbath-School 630 00 Oratorio of Moses in Egy|)t, given in the South Ninth St. Congregational Cliurch, under the direction of Philip A. Meyer 014 51 Church of St. Peter and Paul, Rev. S. Malone 603 00 Aaron Claflin 000 00 C. S. Parsons & Sons 000 00 C. & R. Poillon 000 00 J. O. Whitehouse 000 00 Metropolitan Police Force of Brooklyn 576 32 Village of Patchogue, by Hon. J. S. Havens 559 54 Public School No. 15, Primary Department Entertainment. . . 557 00 Brooklyn Daily Times 543 50 H. Cocks 534 85 Mrs. n. L. Packer, entertainment 522 45 Town of Jamaica, by Mrs. W. I. Cogswell 518 53 H. N. Conklin, Son & Beers 515 00 Mrs. Jane S. Torrey, i)roceeds of musical entertainment 503 00 Coe Adams 500 00 A. Baylis 500 00 Charles S. Baylis 500 00 S. M. Beard 500 00 August Behnont 500 00 Arthur W. Benson 500 00 C. J. Bergen 500 00 Charles Bill 500 00 Board of Brokers, New York . . 500 00 Thomas Brooks & Co 500 00 R. P. Buck 500 00 John Rullard, Jr 500 00 Samuel B. Caldwell 500 00 Charles Christmas 500 00 Estate of F. B. Cole ^500 00 Collins, Pluniraer <& Co 500 00 E. W. Corlies 500 00 Edward Dodge 500 00 James W. Elwell 500 00 Farmington School, by Edward S. Sandford 500 00 John W. Frothingham 500 00 Rufus R. Graves 500 00 Sidney Green 500 00 S. Emerson Howard 500 00 Ehas Howe, Jr 500 00 Hon. James Humphrey 500 00 TV. W. Huse 500 00 A. Jewett 500 00 Journeay it Burnham 500 00 Henry A. Kent 500 00 Nehemiah Knight 500 00 Lowber, Ostrom & Co 500 00 R. H. Manning 500 00 John T. Martin 500 00 Samuel McLean 500 00 Edward B. Mead 500 00 James Jlyers it Co 500 00 J. B. Norris 500 00 James H. Prentice 500 00 Joseph Ri]dey 500 00 Amos Robbins 500 00 J S. Rockwell 500 00 H. J. Ropes 500 00 R. W. Ropes 500 00 Ripley Ropes 500 00 Henry D. Sanger 500 00 Sawyer, Wallace 200 00 Mrs. Dunn's school for young 200 00 ladies 1 75 00 200 00 J. B. ITutchiMson, proceeds of 200 00 musical soiree 1T5 00 200 00 Mrs. James H. Prentice 175 00 200 00 Village of New Lots, by Rev. J. 200 00 M. Van Beuren 174 50 200 00 Mrs. U. C. Osborn, pupils of her 200 00 Seminary 1 70 85 200 00 Town of East Hampton, by J. 200 00 Madison Huntting 170 49 204 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Town of Grecnport. by Rev. C. Backiium $170 00 Little Girls' Fair, by Mr. F. Hodges ITO 00 Edward Dodge, entertainment by J. Wilson and friends IR-t 79 Mrs. J. 11. Frost 158 00 C. F. Blake 157 81 Ladies' Union Association of Hempstead 155 00 D. B. Dearborn 155 00 Masury it AVbiton 155 00 Village of Islip, liy Rev. Alvan Nash 152 00 J. S. Bagley 150 00 Brittan Brotliers 150 00 B. E. Clark l.'iO 00 Member of Clirist Church, E. I)., by Rev. A. H. Partridge 150 00 George Dickinson 150 00 .Tames Douglass 150 00 Jonathan Earle 150 00 Hermann Koop 150 00 "W. Lang, Bailey & Co 150 00 Mrs. A. Crittenden 149 58 Washington Avenue Baptist Church 143 50 Brooklyn Heights Seminary, Prof. C. E. West 140 00 Mrs. Sparkman and Mrs. Mc^relle 137 63 J. D. Clark, pu])ils of his school 120 00 Norman Hubbard 120 00 Village of Babylon, by Martin Willets , 125 (10 Samuel Engle 125 00 James L. Hathaway 125 00 George S. Puffin 125 00 South Brooklyn Female Semi- nary entertainment 125 00 W. M. Steele & Co 125 00 Bethel Mission Sunday School, 42 and 44 Fulton Street 123 91 Ericsson Aid Society, by Mrs. A. B. Lowber 120 00 George J. Viuing 120 00 Gravesend Neck, by S. Gerret- sen 118 00 John Shuster 117 00 Village of Farmingdale, by Chas. S. Powell 115 00 D. S. Waring 115 00 Brooklyn Daily Fnion Ill 28 Entertainment by Lizzie C. Com- stock, Grace A. and Nellie A. Bowen §111 00 Third Presbyterian Church, Ijy Mrs. Badeau 110 00 Village of Brookville, by Rev. Jeremiah Searle 108 00 Soldiers' Aid Society of Queens 107 25 A. Oatman 105 00 B. Stevens 105 00 Village of Cypress, by Wni. A. Walker 104 10 Presbyterian Church, Wallabout, Rev. Dr. Grceuleaf 100 10 Anthony & Hall 100 00 Woodward, Lawrence & Co 100 00 Dummock & Moore ■ 100 00 Hunt, Tillingha.st & Co 100 00 Sprague, Cooper & Colburn . . . 100 00 Rice, Chase & Co 100 CO F. Newman 100 00 Carhart, Bacon, Greene & Co. . 100 00 Pastor, Hardt & Lindgens 100 00 Slade & Colby 100 00 Ezra M. Frost 100 00 Howell & King 100 00 Becar & Co 100 00 Wm. Lottimer & Co 100 00 Wm. B. Leonard 100 00 B. H. Hutton 100 00 Chapman & Co 100 00 E. M. Lord 100 00 Bowers, Beeckman & Bradford, Jr 100 00 Arnold, Constable & Co 100 00 E. S. Jaftray & Co 100 00 Furraan Hunt 100 00 Walter Lock wood 100 00 George Mygatt 100 00 Thomas & Co 100 00 Chas. Welliug & Co 100 00 Stanfield, Wentworth & Co 100 00 Wicks, Smith & Co 100 00 Wm. Brand & Co 100 00 W. H. Lee & Co 100 00 E. E. Eames 100 00 Henry Stone ... 100 00 Knower cfc Piatt 100 00 J. & H. Auchinclos,s 100 00 Joseph H. Adams & Coombs. . . 100 00 Carlos Bardwell 100 00 D. S. Barnes 100 00 DOLLARS L\ UUxXDREDS. 205 Ileni-y W. Barstow $100 00 John C. Beatty 100 00 Robert W. Beatty 100 00 Henry G. Bell 100 00 Beuner & Brown 1 00 00 James B. Blossom 100 00 Josiah B. Blossom 100 00 John Bhint 100 00 John B. Bogart 100 00 Breithani)t & 'Wilson 100 00 Broadway Railroad Co 100 00 Brooklyn Athenajnm and Read- ing-Rooni 100 00 Mrs. George W. Brown 100 00 Joseph B. Brnsli 100 00 Charles J. Bnlkley 1 00 00 T. P. Bncklin, Jr 100 00 T. B. Bunting & Co 100 00 James Burt 100 00 Cirsar & Pauli 100 00 Ewald Caron 100 00 J. S. Case 100 00 S. T. Caswell 100 00 Central Bank 100 00 Cliapnian & Co 100 00 Pickering Clark 100 00 Geo. A. Clark & Brother 100 00 Clark, Clapp & Co 100 00 Robert Colgate & Co 100 00 George Collins 100 00 Connecticut Mutual Life Insu- rance Co.. ITartford 100 00 Charles W. Cooper 100 00 Cross & Austin 100 00 Henry Davis 100 00 H. II. Dickinson 100 00 Benjamin Dietz 100 00 Margaret Dimoii 100 00 Dodge & Olcott 100 00 D. K. Ducker 100 00 E. W. Dunham 100 00 Cliarles Easton 100 00 C. F. Elwell 100 00 Entertainment by Sarah E. Con- nor and A. C. Smith 100 00 Frederick C. Farley 100 00 Thomas Faye 100 00 Wm. Finney 100 00 Flagg, Baldwin & Co 100 00 John R. Ford 100 00 W. C. Fowler 100 00 Fowler & Ward 100 00 James H. Frothiughani $100 00 Isaac Gerry 100 00 J. M. Goetchius 100 00 A. F. Goodnow 100 00 Cliarles Goodwin 100 00 Werner Graeve 100 00 H. W. Gray 100 00 Greenpoint Sugar House 100 00 James M. Griggs 100 00 Guardian Life Insurance Co. . . . 100 00 Jolin Harold 100 00 C. F. A. lleinriehs 100 00 Nathaniel Hillyer 100 00 Frank Hincbman 100 00 J. H. Ilolcomb 100 00 Holmes, Bootli & Ilaydens 100 00 George T. Hope 100 00 B. II. Howell 100 00 George Howes 100 00 J. Freeman Hunt 100 00 W. B. Hunter 100 00 F. W. Ilurd, M. D 100 00 David II. James 100 00 W. II. Jenkins 100 00 A. G. Jerome 100 00 Dwight Johnson 100 00 Johnson & Spader 100 00 Frederick W. Kalbfleisch 100 00 Samuel T. Keese 100 00 Charles Kelsey 100 00 A. E. Kent & Co 100 00 M. S. Kerrigan 100 00 Godfrey II. Koop 100 00 Thomas W. Ladd 100 00 F. A. Lane 100 00 H. G. Lapliam 100 00 O. K. Lapham 100 00 Wm. Layton 100 00 Lee, Bliss & Co 100 00 W. B. Leonard 100 00 S. Livingston 100 00 Loeschigk, Wesendonek & Co. . 100 00 C. J.Lowrey 100 00 W. D. Mangam 100 00 Martin it Ritchie 100 00 Edward McClelhin 100 00 Alexander McColhim 100 00 Charles McDougall 100 00 Thomas D. Middleton 100 00 Miller & Co 100 00 S. Milliken.Jr 100 00 Wm. Wickhani Mill-^ 100 00 206 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. C. S. Mitchell, M. D Muller & Kruger W. M. Newell Franklin Newman George L. Nicliols Thomas H. Norris Angiistus Notteboliiii David O'Neill Paton & Co George L. Paye & Co George P. Payson Pierrepont St. Baptist Cliurcli.. Port Jefferson, by Rev. L. Stew- ard Purdne & Ward Alex. P. Purves Railroad Directors, by II. A. Kent Rice, Chase & Co Henry C. Richardson Geo. W. Robbins Roche Brothers & Coffey Thomas Rowe R. W. Rnssell John Sorymser Michael Snow George G. Spencer State Mutual Life Insurance Co. of Worcester Edward II. Stephenson Stony Brook, by Col. W. S. Wil- liamson Total cash contributi' $100 00 Strasburger & Nuhn $100 00 100 00 Alexander Stud well 100 00 100 00 Thomas Sidlivan 100 00 100 00 0. C. & H. M. Taber 100 00 100 00 C. B. Tathara 100 00 100 00 Wra. Taylor & Sons 100 00 100 00 Thomas &. Benham 100 00 100 00 Tliomas & Co 100 00 100 00 IT. Thomas & Co 100 00 100 00 B. C. Townsend 100 00 100 00 G. C. Treadwell over fancy table 258 35 Fishkill fancy table V02 53 East Fislikill refreshment table. 134 20 La Grange refreshment table. . . 514 40 New Hackensack Society and table 214 34 Wa])pini;er's Falls, Mrs. J. Faulkner 139 00 Skating Pond 421 09 Post Office 113 91 Agricultural department 837 45 Sale of pictures, &c $549 41 Tickets to Dutchess County Room and sales therein 536 14 Swiss Booth 489 72 Military Tent 250 07 Floral Temple 411 57 Old Woman and Shoe 91 58 Congregational Sabbath Scliool. 150 00 Pciuglikeepsie Female Collegiate School, Pvev. C. D. Rice 85 00 Pouglikeepsie Female Academy, Rev. D. G. Wright 354 00 Cottage Hill Seminary, Rev. G. T. Rider 172 00 Collegiate School, O. Bisher. . . 50 00 Military Institute, Mr. Warring. 100 00 Cloak-Room. Grab-Bag. (iipsy Tent, Philadclpliia table. &c. . 303 84 Gross receipts. . . Deduct expenses. $18,640 87 2,3.58 15 Net receipts §16,282 72 "We liave mentioned tbe secession of Brooklyn from New York as the occasion of the Latter's postponement of tlie date of opening its fair ; and this may serve to show that from the beginning of the year, the preparations for the Metropolitan Fair had been in progress. It has been said elsewhere that the central treasury of the Sanitary Commission was to be the beneficiary of the occasion, the branches having generally expended the proceeds of their own fairs in the creation of supplies; money was now needed to move and properly administer these supplies. Wherefore, early in Januaiy, every- body in the city, and many out of it, had been drafted into the army of relief, and set to work in their several capacities ; these were to sew, to paint, to build, to bake, and those were to see that they did it. The lists of committees filled a volume ; the catalogue of their deeds ran over in the newspapers, and pretty soon the results of their labors, gathered into the commodious armory prepared to receive them, overflowed by the doors and windows, and had to be housed elsewhere. How can we even cursorily treat of a subject in half a score of pages, upon which a hundred quartos have been already written? More has been put upon paper than the Committee on Hides, and Leather could bind. "What is there left to say? The fiiir was ostensibly held in the l)uilding of which we give a delin- eation ; but it would be more correct to say that it was held everywhere, and that this was merely the head-quarters. The original building, like a grain of THE METROPOLITAN FAIR. 219 com undergoing the inflating jirocess of popping, burst out on every side, the machinery protruding in tlie rear, the dining room and carriage department bulging into adjoining unoccupied spaces. A supplementary construction, as big as its superior, was put up in Union Square ; a cattle mart was established hard by ; but not only this. On some one day in the winter and spring, the hospital flag was raised over every building in the city: here over an exhibi- tion given by the school children of the ward, and there ^-ere some forty of AKMor.Y <.)F THE TWENTVSEi ON P KEf.IMENT, AILIlAMiKU FOR THE MKTROI'OLITAN FAIR. them; there over a sanitary concert, often in a public hall, quite as often in a private parlor; over the studios where men of picturesque aspect were zealously working with pipe and pencil ; over the theatres that one by one devoted a night to the cause ; over sewing circles, rehearsing parties, groups of needle pickets; over the engine houses, hose companies all of them ; over the counting-room, as the committee man with his subscription li.st entered it, and from which he rarely departed empty handed ; over the exchange, post 220 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. office, custom house, as the paper passed from hand to hand ; over the shop and "warehouse, as from each some article was withdrawn and sent to the com- mon stock ; over the ship in the harbor, over the ferry-boat in the shp, over the flying train, over the crawling stage ; over the banks, the insurance offices ; over the markets where some barrel or box was marked as not for sale ; and even over the gari'et and attic where there was nothing to give except prayers and good wishes. Perhaps, therefore, we should do well to substitute for our picture a view of New York, its harbor and environs ; or better yet, a map of Manhattan Island, with parts of Connecticut and New Jersey. Imagine a vast collection of things in bulk ; think of them by the hundred gross ; eliminate all customary ideas and standards from the mind ; where you have thought of quarts and pecks, think now of tons and chaldrons; count no longer on your fingers ; j^ut several zeros to the right of ail your figures ; deal in large comparisons; clap Pelion upon Ossa for a familiar illustration; do not say two wringing-machines, but five hundred ; look only at aggregates ; add up men and women by the thousand, and throw in the children, for even decimal fractions are vulgar now; measure pictures by the space they cover; learn to talk of books, as of gas, by the cubic foot ; say an acre of people, a hundred barrels of pin-cushions, a furlong of autographs. In short, speak of dollars by the million, and you have the sum and substance of the New York Fair, which, hj the way, opened on the 4th of April. It is plain, therefore, that as in ten pages not more than ten subjects can be satisfactorily handled, we can only deal here with such ideas and methods as were original with this fiiir. One of these was felicitous indeed. Proceeding from the rooms of Messrs. Tiffany & Co., it was as pure a gem as those that staved behind, and of more value than any. Like all great thoughts, it was marvellously simple ; and, based as it was upon universal suffrage — that is, suffrage with the property qualification — it was singularly well adapted to the uses of the community in which it had its birth. The house we have named gave to the fair two swords, one to be worn in the saddle, the other upon the quarter-deck, both richly ornamented. The point, or more properly, perhaps, the edge, was, that the people might present these swords to whom they pleased ; they could nominate candidates and run them ; only, every voter must pay a dollar for his vote, and he might vote as often as his dollars per- mitted. Here was an idea, indeed ; and we all of us wondered that the happy inventor had not been you or I. The sting was thus plucked from out that dano'erous sport, rafSing ; but the seductive element of uncertainty remained, so people raffled and called it voting. Had a man an opinion on military SANITARY VOTING. 221 matters that be was not ashamed the world should kuow ? He could blazon it forth to an attentive continent, if be bad but the few necessary dimes. Had he certain naval views that be wished to air? Publicity was to be bad for a dollar. Those who wished to repeat or dwell upon a statement, might do it at the retail price, no deductions being made for a quantity. Reiteration, line upon line, was resorted to by many as a means of impressing the treasury with their views. The voters stood in line and approached the desk in turn ; there was some feeling, some partisanship; but the cause was the better, and no one the worse, for that. Peojile took especial pleasure in neutralizing their pred- ecessor's vote, and it often happened that, as tbe householder approached the book, tbe modest I which he held in readiness was excbanged for the more magnificent V, or tbe thoroughly sumptuous X. Tlie imperial L and C E.- ^- ft SANITARY VOTING. were from time to time elicited from jiockets wben there was a plethora either with or without them. A count was made at night, and the state of the polls was published in tbe papers every morning. As the close of tbe fair drew nigh tbe interest centered upon tbe two generals who led the list. Scattering votes were rare, and tbe battalions solid. It was clear that the book could not thus be kept open to the end, as confusion and disorder must inevitably ensue. The friends of one or the other con- testant might get possession of the desk and keep their opponents at a dis- tance. Tt was finally decided to stop all registered voting at a specified hour. 222 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. laggards to deposit their suffrages and their money in a box prepared for the purpose, a committee of gentlemen, in whom all liad confidence, to count and report. The result was as follows : AEMY. NAVY. General Grant 30,291 Rowan 462 General McClellan U.509 Farragut .3.33 All others 163 All others 128 Total 44,963 Total 922 If the destination of a sword could be determined by vote, so could that of a bonnet, of albums, of silver ware, of a hairy eagle. This latter prize was not, as might be supposed by an ornithologist unread in sanitary lore, a species beautifully contrived by nature to balance the eagle known as the bald, nor yet an eagle upon whose denuded skull some fertilizing tricopherous had been happily applied, but an image of the national bird of prey com- posed of locks of hair of eminent Americans, deftly interwoven. These and other articles, valuable and curious, found an owner through the mysterious process of the vote, and the value of the idea to the Metropolitan Fair alone was not far from $50,000. We shall meet it again in Philadelphia; shall recognize it at St. Louis and Boston, and shall salute it at St. Paul. Its sway has extended from the mouth of the Hudson to the source of the Mississippi. A few words now upon the more interesting of the working committees. The Committee on Public Schools brought nearly $2-4,000 into the treas- ury from forty ward school entertainments. These were among the most satisfactory proceedings connected with the fan: The eyes of persons who attended any of the performances by accident, without knowledge or an inter- est in the school system of the city, were opened wide, expecting no such evi- dences of devotion at the hands of the teachers, or of zeal and good will at those of the scholars. What part the ferule and the foolscap had played in producing this marvellous result, we are not told; but the casual observer saw nothing but the evidences of an honorable ambition and of an early awakened conscience ; he had before him persons certainly young — many of them infantine — but all apparently actuated by the most lofty motives. They had not learned their lessons by rote, but had conned them con amore. The whole affair was in the highest degree creditable to the educational authori- ties, to the teachers, to the committee, to the bo3's and girls, and to the fathers and mothers of the same. The Fire Department collected, exhibited, and sold $30,000 worth of wares THE COMMITTEE ON BOOKS. 223 of worsted, silk, and silver. Their counter presented a constantly recurring scene of devastation and replenishment. The Committee on Fine Arts returned the noble sum of $85,000, nearly the whole of this being the proceeds of the sale of pictures, albums, and engravings. The gallery of paintings lent for exhibition was the finest col- lection in America, with the single exception, perhaps, of that of the Great Central Fair of Philadelphia. llililllH iifiiiiiiiiiiww'iiiwr'lii" TUB HEART OK TtlE ANDES. The galleries of Mi-. Belmont and Mr. Aspinwall were thrown open to the public for the benefit of the Committee. The Committee on Books, after having, as they thought, solicited from every publisher and bookseller in the city, a donation either in money or in kind, received a letter from Mr. Wm. K. Cornell, complaining that he had been neglected. He inclosed his check for $1,000 in token of reproach. This contribution, from a man who had been overlooked, and fi-om whom nothing had been expected, was the twelfth part of the aggregate contributions of 224 TUE TRIBUTE BOOK. seventy firms. Mr. Cornell lived but a few months to enjoy the recollection of the gratified surprise of the Committee on Books. The Committee on Arms and Trophies received over $67,000 ; this included the vote upon the Army and Navy Swords. Some $20,000 was realized from the sale of relics, diminutive horse-shoes, and other miscellanies. The restaurant department was not as successful as was expected. Those who had been relied upon to supply the larder jjreferred to make their dona- tions in money ; so that the department, compelled to purchase its stores, made but a meagre profit. Still, it had the satisfaction of furnishing creature comforts to a vast and famished, yet orderly, crowd. As the cash donations amounted to $15,000, and as the total receipts were only $17,500, it is plain that the principal gain lay in the approval of conscience, and that the com- mittee must have looked for their reward to those who had tasted of their cheer. Though there was no intention on the part of the churches of the city to act in concert, the sum realized from church tables, collections, lectures, &c., was no less than $27,000. Of this the Methodists gave $10,000 and the Universalists $8,000. The Tabernacle Church table yielded over $000. The Committee on Dry Goods collected $130,000 in money and $7,000 in goods ; the Finance Committee $64,000 in money alone, as the gentlemen to whom they applied dealt in no other commodity. The Committee on the Drama returned $14,000, and considerably more than half this was due to the efforts of amateurs, who enacted private theatri- cals upon the cosey stage of Mr. Jerome, and sang Cinderella upon the more public boards of Mr. Niblo. Even gymnasts and horses contributed to this fund ; so, too, did certain participators in a billiard tournament, who allowed the committee to pocket the proceeds, while they did as much for the balls. The Committee on Music suffered their accounts to be so merged in those of the Union Square Department that it is impossible, at this day, to distin- guish between the two, and to say what was due to harmony and what to union. They sold pianos, steel bells, and harps; collected certain moneys from minstrels and delineators of Ethiopian eccentricity, and gave eight con- certs in houses, mansions, and palaces. The programme of one of these may be seen xipon the opposite page. While upon the subject of sanitary music, it is proper to mention the name of ]\Ir. Gottschalk, who founded and endowed the Soldiers' Aid Society of Saratoga Springs, and who, by promising his as- sistance to one of the givers of the above-mentioned concerts, enabled him to more than double his prices ; and that of Antonio Barili, who superintended NEW JERSEY IN NEW YORK. 226 nearly a dozen amateur entertainments, given in various places in behalf of the commission. Tlie Ticket Department acknowledged some $180,000. This included not only the entrance money to the fliir, but the supplementary tolls levied at cer- tain otherwise unyielding doors — at the Art Gallery, the Arms and Trophies, the Curiosity Shop, the Cattle Show. No one regretted the payment of addi- tional dues at this last establishment. Here was the Pride of Livingston County, much putfed up, as was natural ; here was Lady Woodruff, the pride of each successive owner ; here were other four-footed contributors to a cause which even quadrupeds would have ajiproved, had they not been personal!}' such heavy losers by it. The Committee on Foreign Contributions extended their claims over the habitable globe. From sympathizing Switzerland, from benevolent Italians, EprsiiDK i>f optics: o.sr.y tkn cents. from well-wishers in St. Petersburgh, from Americans abroad, carnc remit- tances doubly welcome from the form they took — -gold or its equivalent. The Roman Department, stocked in good jsart by the efforts and from the purse of Miss Charlotte Cushman, was an attractive feature. The New Jersey Committee, putting up the most elaborate booths in the armory, and offering an appropriate and delicate homage to the memory of Washington Irving, poured into the treasury the munificent sum of $40,000, in round numbers. What can be said, in the line or two that our fast diminishing space leaves us, of that charming retreat, that genial resort, the Knickerbocker Kitchen? Nothing worthily; we merely state, in an informal way, that while many lamented they had not lived in days that were honored by modes and manners so delightful, by a hospitality so cordial, by a cuisine so satisfying. 15 226 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. all rejoiced that they had been spared to witness their revival, even upon the mimic scene. The man that eat the proffered olykooke felt as if the knightly sword had tapped him on the shoulder, and he rose an original Knickerbocker. What can be said of the ingenuity of the devices, some original, some borrowed, by which dimes were made dollars and dollars bank-accounts? Of the patient labor that had been so freely given, as in the case of Miss North's collection of autographs, the result of six months' assiduous work? Oi' the devotion of the thirsty, who drank two thousand dollars' worth of lemon- ade and soda ? Of the thrift of the management, of the harmonious counsels that brought the majestic enterprise so happily through, of the fatal zeal of those who literally fell a sacrifice to the cause, and who died in the harness? Nothing, except that the Metropolitan Fair, while it will be to all a precious memor}^ a souvenir of something pleasant to recall and dwell upon, will be to many the symbol of a duty performed, to more the record of an approving conscience, and to two or three, a monument. The following financial tables of the New York Fair, though official in their fixcts, are not so in their form. We give the returns of each committee by itself, the report published by the treasurer giving the receipts in order of date. We do not grudge the space, as deeds speak louder than words, and as the figures that occupy it are so much more solid than any figures of speech. Under each head are the cash contributions, item by item, of all sums over one hundred dollars , the sources of all collective donations ; and the sums realized from the sale of goods contributed, iu bulk. FINAXCIAL REPORT OF THE METROPOLITAN FAIR. COMMITTEE OX AliMS AND TUOPIHES. IIorstin.ann Brothers il- AIl'u-ii.. 12-50 00 Augustus Humbert 2.50 00 Mrs. General Bnira 105 00 A. W. Spies 100 00 W. W. Marston 1 00 00 Smith & Rand 100 00 Mrs. Hopkins' entertainment. .. 67 50 All other sub.scriptions 335 50 Sale of articles contributed, and proceeds of vote u|)on Army and Navy Swords 65,792 48 Total $07,100 48 THE METROPOLITAN FAIK. 227 COMMITTEE ON J. B. &. W. W. Cornell.... $300 00 Smith & Williams 250 00 East Chester Quarry Conii )any, 200 00 John T. Conover 150 00 E. Chamberlin '. 150 00 "Wm. R. Stewart 126 00 John M. Dodd 125 00 Robert Smith 100 00 J. S. Peck 100 00 Wm. J. Peck 100 00 100 00 Thos. Crane 100 00 Wm. N. Beach 100 00 J. B. Janes 100 00 Jed. Frye 100 00 100 00 Alex. M. Ross 100 00 I. & G. Van Xostrand 100 00 ARCniTEOTllliE. ^.^ A. G. Bogert & Brother Baker, Wells & Co John Siiitfin Jonathan Purdy Oscar Purdy William C. Miller Employees of the Architectural Iron Works : Finishers Foundrymen Pattern-Makers Machinists Laborers Blacksmiths Carpenters Otfice and Drawing liooni. . . Other subscriptions Sale of articles contributed .... $100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 167 40 6-1 30 36 97 36 49 51 22 34 11 11 99 40 12 3,334 00 3,330 97 Total $10,108 57 COMMITTEE OX .\1!T. Exliibition of paintings In* An- ExhibitionofpaintingsbyW.il. gust Belmont $1,920 18 Aspinwall Sale of pictures, albums, &c. . . . 81,748 44 Other receipts $257 00 1,854 60 Total $85,780 22 CO.MMITTEE ON BOOKS. Thomas Barrow $1,000 00 Other contributions $35 00 Wm. K. Cornell 1,000 00 Sale of books contributed by J. W. A: G. D. Burntun 100 00 sixty firms 10,289 02 Total $12,424 02 CO.MMITTKIC ON HOOTS A.N I) SiroES. Baldwin, Fisher & Co.. $500 00 WeUs & Christie 500 00 llowe.s, Hvatt & Co $500 00 W. A. Ransom & Co . 500 00 500 00 Hall, Southworth & Co 500 00 F. & L. B. Reed 250 00 Meade it Stowell 200 00 W. A. Bigelow 200 00 Chas D Bigelow 100 00 Jewell & Brothers 100 00 J. 0. "Wliik-liouse 1 00 00 Mabiu, Maiiley, Murray A: Morgan 100 00 llaniia Ricliard & Co. . 100 00 Siiiitli Hrowu & Co. 100 00 A. & A. G. Trask 100 00 228 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. James E. Hedges C. S. Parsons & Sons . A. Clatiin & Co Jaiiies French $100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 Burt & Terhune $100 00 Other subscriptions HO 00 Sale of goods contributed 3,148 23 Total $«-138 23 OHUECHES AND EEUGI0U8 ASSOCIATIONS. Methodist Association, Station No. 20 $4,310 47 Methodist Churclics 3,71*2 114 Mercer Street Church, Rev. Mr. Booth 437 00 Church corner of Second Avenue and 14th Street, N. Y 007 00 Rev. E. II. Chapin's Church, N. Y <),000 20 Tliird Universalist Church, Bleecker Street, N. Y' 617 76 Si.xth Universalist Church, 20th Street, N. Y 9.j9 17 Other Universalist Churches. . . Tabernacle Church table at Met- ropolitan Fair . , Rev. Mr. Ganse's Chunh Baptist Churches Episcopal Churches Temple Emanuel Other Churches Collections Lecture by Rev. Thos. S. Hast- ings Lecture by Rev. Urban C. Brewer $313 50 917 60 1,042 29 1,432 60 1,848 20 3,162 18 91 60 072 97 396 50 140 00 Total $27,041 98 CO.M.MITTEE ON CARRIAGES. Wilmer S. Wood $1,000 00 Sale of carriages contributed. Employees of Brewster & Co. . . . 136 10 $2,000 00 Total $3,136 10 (;OMMITTEE ON CI.OTIIINi; Bernheimer Brothers $2,000 00 D. Devlin & Co 1,000 00 Brooks Brothei-s 1,000 00 Smith & Rice 1,000 00 Jas. Wilde, Jr., & Co 1,000 00 Longstreet, Bradford it Co." l.OOO 00 Wm. Selignian it Co 1.000 nO J. S. Lowrey & Co 791 71 Lewis Ernstein & Co 504 00 Thomas N. Dale & Co 500 00 Rogers & Raymond 500 00 Goddard & Brothers 500 Ou M. & S. Sternberger 500 00 J. Strouse, Brother & Co 500 00 Lewis, Chatterton & Co 500 (lO Joseph Lee 500 00 Trowbridge, Dwight & Co 500 00 Kirtland, Bronson & Co 500 00 F. Derby & Co 500 00 Amos Clark 500 00 J. S. Young & Co 500 00 Shafer, Whitford & Co 500 00 P. C. Barnum & Co 250 00 AND FUIiNISHINf} GOODS. A. & E. Scheitlin Mackin & Brothers J. & W. Lyall E. Tweedy Schalle Brothers William Van Deventer. . Lesher & Whitman White, Whitman & Co. . . Brown, Powers & Co.. . . Draper, Hyde & Sturges. Wm. Meyer ife Co Conklins & Bayles Croney & Lent J. Weidenfeld J. P. Hull it Co V. B. Depierris Union Adams Aaron Close David Close James Scott John D. Scott & Co Weekes & Iligbie Young, Rutherford it Co. 1250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 THE METROPOLITAN FAIR 229 Conklin, Fenton & Miller |ino 00 Dunspaugh, Stillwell & Pearsall. 100 00 Jai'oslawski & Co 100 00 Geo. A. Davis & Co 100 00 W. E. Powell & Co 100 00 G. A. Trowbridge & Co 100 00 Isaac C. Noe 100 00 Hindhaugli & Co 100 00 H. Osterburg $100 00 Tlios A. Brewer 100 00 SamiK'l Sykes 100 00 Clark & ]5ogart 100 00 E. H. Purely 100 00 Other subscriptions 2, 15'J 55 Sale of goods contributed 3,783 08 Total |2(!.688 34- S. B. Guion Easton & Co C. C. & H.M. Taber.. Amy & Heye W. K. Strong & Co. . . C.J. & F. W. Coggill. A. Norrie Murray & Davis Tellkarnpf & Kitching. Munzinger & Pitzipio . . Smyth it Lynch Geo. W. Beale Thomas Scott Gordon Norrie J. T. Adams & Co. . . . Total ncE ON COTTON AND RAW GOODS. $1,500 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 250 00 250 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 150 00 1.50 00 100 00 Henry Coit $100 00 S. Munn, Sou & Co O. K. King & Co E. Coleman Oakley & Ccmstantine Woodruff' & Co N. I). Carlile & Son Edward F. Davidson Jolm M. Pendleton & Co.. . . Strang, Piatt & Co Ross, Dempster & Co Walter Brown W. F. Miller Other contributions COMMITTEE ON CHINA, GLASS AND EAKTIIEN WARE. Lawton & White $250 John F. Seymour & Co J. & G. Meakin T. D. Moore & Co J. J. Nichols Daniel Titus Davenport Brothers E. & J. Willets & Co John C. Jackson , Robert Ilaydock Dietz & Co Other subscriptions Sale of goods contributed. . . Total $5,3(!8 25 100 OO 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 475 00 $8,475 00 $250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 200 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 510 00 3,058 25 COMMITTEE ON DUrcS. SchiefTelin Brothers & Co $1,000 00 M. Ward, Close & Co. A. B. Sands & Co.... Lanman it Kemp . . . . Benjamin II. Field . . . John McKesson 500 00 250 00 250 00 250 110 250 00 .\. N. Lawrence & Co. II. &F. W. Meyer.... Di.x & Morris r)avis, Morris & Co . . . F. Cousinery & Co. . . Palanca it Escalante. . $250 00 200 00 150 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 230 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Dutilh & Co $100 00 B. W. Bull & Co 100 00 Fi-aser & Lee 100 00 Ohas. Pfizer & Co 100 00 W. Irving Clark & Co $100 00 Other snbseriptions 54:0 00 Sale of ai'ticles contributed 1,1562 27 Total $fi,102 27 A. T. Stewart Hoyt, Sprajjue & Go Win. AVatsun F. Buttertiekl Geo. Bliss & Co H. B. Claflin & Co Garner & Co Lathrop, Ludington &, Co Low, Harrinian, Durfee &Co. Spaulding, Hunt & Co E. S. Jaffray & Co Arnold, Constable & Co Wilson G. Hunt Sullivan, Randidpli ifc Bucbl . . L. P. Morton & Co Wm. Lottimcr & Co Lee, Bliss & Co Tefft, Griswold & Kellogg. . . . Bowers, Beeckman & Bradford Jr Sprague, Cooper & Colburn . . Halsted, Haines & Co Abernetliy & Co Slade& Colby Turnbull, Slade & Co Sutton, Smith .. 500 00 Motts, Ilvdo ife Van Duzer 500 00 S. A. Martino & Co 500 00 Bailey & Southard 500 00 Halsted & Stiles 500 00 Parker, Wilder & Co 500 00 Garrett, Clark & Co '. 500 00 Leliniaier Brotlicrs 500 0(1 Fanlkner, Kitnball & Co 500 00 Haviland, Lindsley & Co 500 00 Nortlirup, Taylor & Co 414 00 Noell & Oelbermann 300 00 L. & B. Curtis & Co 300 00 Ilardt & Co 300 00 Ed. S. Hall it Co 300 00 Mortimers & DeBo.st 300 on Stone, Bliss, Fay & Allen 250 00 Frederick L. Joanvahrs 250 00 Reiiner & Mecke 250 00 David Lamb 250 oo Julius Gersiin 250 Oo Linder, Kingsley & Co 250 00 Oscar Delisle 250 00 Autfmordt, Hesseuberg & Cu. . . 250 00 Christ, Jay & Co 250 00 Passavant & Co 250 00 Whittemore, Dyer & Post 250 00 Streeter, Faxon & Potter 250 00 Pastor, Ilardt & Lindgens 250 00 Wright, BrinkerhotF & Co 250 00 Eastman, Bigelow & Dayton. . 250 oo H. Hennequin & Co 250 oo W. L. Pomcroy & Adams 250 00 S. M. & B. Cohen & Co 250 00 James M. Deuel 250 on Smith & Lawrence 250 00 Henry Lawrence 250 00 Wolfers <& Kalischer 250 0(1 Gawtry ifc Frencau 250 (lO Hyde, Coe & McCollum 25o oO Crook & Scotts 250 0(J C. F. Van Blankcnsteyu 250 00 Ogden & Blewett 250 00 John Eraser &; Co 250 Od Thos. Drew & Co 250 00 Forstmann & Co 250 oo Charles N. Fearing 250 oo Charles G. Landon 250 on Wm. To])i)iiig Ed. T. Snelling George W. Powers Robt. Slimmon it Co Bulkley & Co John Rett Henry Marx Waterbury, Shaw & Co T. Putnam & Co Cunningham, Frost & Tlirock- mortons Escher & Co E. B. Strange & Bro Warner & Loop C. F. Dambmann & Co Rudderow, Jones & Co S. M. Waller & Co Sorchan, Allien & Diggelmanii. Aniinidown, Lane & Co John Sykes, Jr F. Vietor & Achelis C. F. Schmicdei- & Co Almy, Patterson & Co Harms & Wiechmann (t. A. Schniewind Ed. Harris M. Maas Carhart, Bacon it Greene AVerner & Forester Samuel Ilanna Globe Woolen Co., by W. AV. Coffin, Treas D. H. & M. Arnold Shaw & Coffin I,i|Jl)man & Neuberger J. Hess & Co Munsell & Co H. Schulting Tliomas J. Davis E. Warburg & Co Jas. Smeiton Wm. F. Oakey C. Marie it Co Wolbort, Gordon it Co Schmieder Bros Booth & Tuttle A. Baldwin & Co Maltby, Eastwood. Brewster & Co Uiunsey & McCaffray Hinck it Pupke ^250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 150 00 150 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 232 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. n. W. Stela- & Go W. F. Griunell Charles Ileussner Louis Lehmaiei- & Co. Geo. Urulerhill & Co.. Ottenhciiiiei' Brothers. D. Douglas & Co L. A. Freund & Co. . . Asiel & Erdmann Geo. W. Knowlton. . . . Francis Baker John B. Hall C. -J. Howell S. H. Pearce&Co.... Oscar Prolss & Co A. North & Co Braun, Ellon & Co.. . . Burji;ess & Seaver .... Peter Donald Henry Schmieder . . Field, Morris & Co. $100 00 Mills it Ray 100 00 E. &. W. Cook & Co 100 00 Diraock & Moore 100 00 S. F. Barry 100 00 n. Appold 100 00 De Bost & Brothers 100 00 Bronson Peck 100 00 Curtis & Co 100 00 Terry & Doolittle 100 00 Guiterman Brothers 100 00 Rockwell & Scott 100 00 A. 0. Lanison 100 00 H. Herrman & Co 100 00 S. & n. Brown 100 00 Graham & Aitkin 100 00 E. H. Van Ingen 100 00 D. Valentine 100 00 McCune, Scott & Cooper. 100 00 E. S. Felt 100 00 Other suhscriptions 100 00 Sale of goods contributed 100 00 SI 00 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 ,2.58 02 ■ fiOO 98 Total |137,(;23 00 CO.MMLTTEE 0.\ FAXCT GOODS. Scoville Manufacturing Company Hughes & Crehange Rosenfeld, Brothers & Co Chapman, Noyes & Lyon A. W. Welton & Porters .1. M. & J. N. Plumb Caron it Co Townsend it Yale _. Dowd, Baker, WhitHeld & Co. . . Robbins, Calhoun & Co Jones, Brooks >t Co., of Melliam. England James Douglas AVilliston, Knight it Co Charles Muller Fowler it Chapin Taylor, Richards it Co J. & A. Bluraenthal C. E. Borsdorff Billings, Roop it Co Waterbury Hook and Eye Co . . Julius Hart Peter Murray J. Rosenthal & Brother Winzer & Tailer Heinemann it Silberraann SI. 000 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 300 00 300 00 300 00 300 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 Wallace & Fitch $100 00 Julius PL Pratt James Morrison it Co Bachmann & Laurent Alexander & Eisig R. H. Hinsdale..! N. Hillyer E. Bredt Schack it Hotop Arms it Bardwell C. C. North J. A. ILimphrey it Brother. . Meeker & Maidhof Keller & Lingg Amson, Herrmann it Co Neilley & Glassford Lorenz, Crofts . Astor Lock wood & Co George S. Robbins & Son . Duncan, Sherman & Co. . . Babcock, Brothers & Co. . Williams & Guion Johnson & Lazarus August Belmont Van Scliaick & Massett. . . Cammann & Co Vermilye & Co William & John O'Brien. . David Groesbeck H. T. Morgan Morse & Co Fearing & Dalton Hallgarten & Ilerzfeld.. . . Edmund H. Miller risk & Hatch Henry A. Stone Drexel, Winthrop & Co. . . Howell L. Williams W. R. Travers Weston, De Billier & Co. . Geo. C. Ward 0. D. Ashley Almon W. Griswold Ballin & Sander Thomas Denny & Co R. L. Cutting & Co !;2,ooo 00 1,.500 00 1.000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 400 00 300 00 300 00 300 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 Ward & Co Stimson, Fronk & Co. . . . Wm. 0. Churchill Win. 11. Marston Geo. S. Rainsford Quigley Brothers John Alstyne James M. Drake & Co.. . T. Ketcham & Co Oddie, St. George & Co.. Fitzliugh & Jenkins Boonen Graves & Co. .. . David Dudley Field David Crawford, Jr Martin & Smith Percy R. Pyne Wm. H. Scott Warren Ferris A. M. Ferris Edward B. Ketchuni . . . . C. J. Cambreleng William Seymour, Jr. . . . Garesche, Minton & Co.. Geo. A. Osgood W. B. Gierke Geo. Manley & Co L. T. Hoyt S. B. James N. G. Bradford J. F. D. Lanier Prime & Co R. Schell H. M. Benedict A. G. Wood O'Brien Brothers P. M. Myers & Co G. T. Bonner & Co J. N. Perkins & Co II. Meigs,Jr John Bloodgood 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 200 00 200 00 150 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 lUO 00 100 00 100 00 Bititl'ii. Metropolitan Bank $2,000 00 Bank of New York 1,500 00 Bank of America 1.500 00 234 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Merchants' Bank $1,500 00 Bank of the Republic 1,000 00 Manhattan Bank 1,000 00 Bank of the State of New York 1,000 00 Plioenix Bank 1,000 00 Mechanics' Bank 1,000 00 Continental Bank 1,000 00 Park Bank 1,000 00 Broadway Bank 1,000 00 Corn Exchange Bank 1,000 00 Union Bank 750 00 Mercantile Bank 750 00 National Bank 750 00 Importers & Traders' Bank 750 00 Shoe &L Leather Bank 750 00 Chemical Bank 500 00 Commonwealth Bank 500 00 Bank of North America 500 00 Pacific Bank 500 00 Tradesmen's Bank 500 00 Butchers & Drovers' Bank ... 500 00 First National Bank 300 00 British <& American Exchange Banking Corporation 250 00 Mercantile & Exchange Bank . . 250 00 Greenwich Bank 250 00 New York Exchange Bank 250 00 Merchants' Exchange Bank. .. . 250 00 Ocean Bank 250 00 Nassau Bank 250 00 Hanover Bank 250 00 Chatham Bank 250 00 Market Bank 250 00 Manufacturers & Merchants" Bank 250 00 Marine Bank 250 00 Mechanics' Banking Association 250 00 Second National Bank 200 00 People's Bank 200 00 Citizens' Bank 200 00 Mechanics' & Traders' Bank . . . 200 00 North River Bank 200 00 Irving Bank 200 00 Seventh Ward Bank 200 00 Atlantic Bank 150 00 Oriental Bank 1 50 00 New Y'ork County Bank 125 00 Bull's Head Bank 125 00 Insurance Companies. Home Insurance Co $700 00 Lorillard Insurance Co 500 00 Continental Insurance Co $500 00 North American Insurance Co.. 500 00 Corn Exchange Insurance Co.. . 400 00 Metropolitan Insurance Co 300 00 Knickerbocker Fire Ins. Co. . . . 300 00 Citizens' Fire Insurance Co 300 00 Manhattan Fire Insurance Co. . . 250 00 United States Fire Ins. Co 250 00 Park Fire Insurance Co 250 00 City Fire Insurance Co 250 00 American Fire Insurance Co. . . . 250 00 Howard Fire Insurance Co 250 00 Arctic Fire Insurance Co 250 00 Royal Fire Insurance Co 250 00 Commonwealth Fire Ins. Co... . 250 00 Etna (Hartford) Fire Ins. Co. . . 250 00 Liverpool & London Fire & Life Insurance Co 250 00 Hope Insurance Co 200 00 Columbia Insurance Co 200 00 Germania Insurance Co 200 00 Howard Insurance Co 200 00 Mercantile Insurance Co 200 00 New Y'ork Fire & Marine Insu- rance Co 200 00 Niagara Fire Insurance Co 200 00 Market Fire Insurance Co 200 00 Equitable Fire Insurance Co 200 00 Commercial Fire Insurance Co. 200 00 New World Fire Insurance Co. 200 00 Empire City Fire Insurance Co. 200 00 Relief Insurance Co 200 00 Fulton Insurance Co 200 00 Atlantic Insurance Co 150 00 St. Nicholas Insurance Co 150 00 Astor Insurance Co 150 00 People's Insurance Co 150 00 Lenox Insurance Co 150 00 Indemnity Fire Insurance Co. . . 150 00 Harmony Fire Insurance Co 150 00 Firemen's Fund Insurance Co. . . 150 00 Brevoort Insurance Co 150 00 New Amsterdam Insurance Co. 150 00 Gallatin Insurance Co 150 00 Central Park Insurance Co 150 00 .Jefferson Insurance Co 100 00 Northwestern Insurance Co.. . . 100 00 Tradesmen's Insurance Co 100 00 Y'onkers & New York Ins. Co.. 100 00 Other subscriptions 140 Oo Total $63,840 00 TUE METROPOLITAN FAIR. 235 COM.MlTTEH ON HIDES AND I.EATHEK. Israel Corse |!500 00 Loring Andrews Thorne, Watson & Butraan . . . Thomas Sinull Hoyt Brothers Young, Schultz & Co Ambrose K. El}' 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 J. E. Bulkley W. B. Ishmu & Gallup. . 11. J, Brooks & Co S. & C. II. Isham Mahlon Mattison Geo. Paleu & Co Van Wagenen & Tattle. Smith Ely, Jr J. B. Mattison Elijah T. Brown Barnes & Merritt Fawcett & Benedict. . . . Stout & Tuttle W. Creighton Lee Thomas W. Pearsall, Jr. n. Stout & Son Uans Rees F. M. Maas & Co S. Mendelson George Brooks Other subscriptions .... $'250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 200 00 200 00 150 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 ion 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 420 00 Total 770 00 COMMITTEE O-V HATS, C.VI'S AND FURS. Eli White & Sons . . . $1,000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 on on 00 00 L. J. & I. Phillips W. Moser Nichols, Burtnett & Co J. C. Lord & Brother $177 50 0. Gunther & Sons 1,000 100 00 M. Bates, Jr., & Co 500 100 00 Shetliar & Nichols 500 500 500 500 300 100 00 Draper, Clark & Co Murphy & Griswold Edward J. King J. I). Phillips &Co Osborne &. May Duryee & Jaques D. S. Williams 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 J. M. Oppenheim & Co 300 300 Pierre Chouteau 100 00 Boydcn, Ditmars & Co 100 00 H. A. Hurlbut. 250 250 250 250 250 M. B. Fielding & Co 100 00 E. Kaupe & Cummings Thompson, White & Co John H. Swift J W Lester & Co McCabe, Clark & Co Other subscriptions Sale of goods contributed . . 100 00 . . 1,015 00 . 1,987 85 Total . . $10,930 35 COMMITTEE ox .lEWELRV, &C. A.Morton $1,000 00 Jo.seph Rudd & Co $100 00 Randel & Baremore 300 00 Middleton & Pooler 100 00 W. D. Maxwell 250 00 Other subscriptions f)44 00 G. & S. Owen & Co 100 00 Sales of articles contributed 17,300 50 8. W. Chamberlain 100 00 Total $19,ii00 50 236 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. J. B. & W. W. Cornell & Co. . Holmes, Booth & llaydens . . Hermann Boker & Co U. A. Mnrdock Dehon, Clark & Bridges Wetmore & Co J. & L. Tuckermaii J. H. Abeel & Co Egleston, Battel! & Co Russell & Irwin Manfg. Co. . . Chas. Bliven Sargent & Co Walsh, Coulter & Co Phelps, Dodge & Co Fuller, Lord & Co L. P. Hawes Hull Clark W. W. Goddard R. Smith Clark C. Vandervoort Dickinson, Reed & Co John V. Beam, Jr August W. Payne Wm. Jessop & Sons Smith & liegeman T. B. Coddington & Co W. Oothout Pierson & Co P. Cooper Bruce & Cook COMMITTEE ON HAEDWAEE. . $1,000 00 A. A. Thomson & Co $200 00 500 00 J.D.Locke 200 00 .500 00 E. Sherman 200 00 500 00 Goodwin & Cort 200 00 500 00 W. & S. Butcher 200 00 500 00 John W. Quincy 200 00 500 00 A. S. Hewitt 150 00 500 00 Coffin, Lee & Co 150 00 500 00 C. E. Griswold & Co 150 00 500 00 Elisha Mills 100 00 500 00 T. Otis Le Roy & Co 100 00 500 00 R. W. Booth 100 00 500 00 J. C. Ilobson 100 00 500 00 W. N. Seymour ct Co 100 00 500 00 New York Lead Company 100 00 450 00 Kendall & Warner 100 00 300 00 W. Bailey Lang & Co 100 00 300 00 Borden & Lovell 100 00 250 00 Pettee, Wilson & Co 100 00 250 00 Bradley & Smith 1 00 00 250 00 Wilson, Hawksworth, Ellison 250 00 & Co 100 00 250 00 Lalance & Grosjean 100 00 250 00 N. E. James 100 00 250 00 Geo. W. Robins 100 00 250 00 John B. Peck 100 00 250 00 John E. Byrne 100 00 250 00 Ingoldsby, Halsted & Co 100 00 250 00 Other subscriptions 1,455 00 200 00 Sales of goods contributed 6,483 88 Tot.al $23,388 COMMITTEE ON MILLINERY. Andrews, Giles, Sanford & Co $500 00 Martin it Lawson B. F. Beekman Forman, Tibhals & Hubbard . Charles Mills John Rogers C. T. Aldrioh Phimmer & Michel Marshall, Johnson & Co Washington & Smith Lawson Brothers & Day. . . . Terry & Patterson Other subscriptions. 500 00 300 00 250 00 250 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 480 00 Sales of goods contributed 1,225 80 Total $4,205 80 THE METROPOLITAN FAIR. 237 COMMITTEE ON GROCERS. Sturges, Bennet & Co. John 0. Green Howland & Aspinwall Grinncll, iliiiturn & Co "Weston & Gray E. D. Morgan & Co N. L. & G. Griswold Moses Taylor & Co D. & A. Kingsland, Sutton & Co. Francis Skiddy Shepp.ard Gandy John Caswell New York Steam Sugar Ref. Co. W. H. Fogg J. C. Dayton Park & Seaman PenfoUl it Schuyler C. P. Fisher & Co Skeel & Reynolds C. Burkhalter & Co Benj. B. Sherman Oelrichs & Co Aymar & Co Heinemann & Payson Sturges & Co Wni. Moller Babcock & Co J. K. & E. B. Place Ezra Wlieeler & Co Garbutt, Black & Hendricks . . . Carter & Ilawley Watts, Crane & Co Dallett & Bliss J. W. Schmidt & Co Owen & Carnegie Ponvert & Co Kirkland & Von Sachs Burger, Hurlbut & Livingston . . Kent & Co Poirier & Co J.J.Crane Henry Yelverton P. V.King & Co .John R. Bacon Chandler Bobbins Sackett, Belcher & Co Total $2,500 00 2,500 00 1,500 00 1,500 00 1,500 00 1,500 00 1,500 00 1,500 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 Bass & Clark Youngs & Co Geo. G. Hobson Wm. T. Frost Geo. A. Fellows Joseph Foulke's Sons J. V. Onativia & Co Bentley & Burton S. S. Wyckoff&Co Jas. Hunter & Co Arcularius, Bonnett & Co. . . . Gill, Gillets & Noyes Ross W. Wood & Son Cotheal & Co Camp, Brunsen & Slierry. . . . Isaac Bell S. W. Lewis Z. S. Ely & Co David Olyphant Gross & March Luis Barjau Denton Smith & Co D. C. Ripley & Co Dorrelle & Co Burgess, Ockershausen & Co. Burdett & Everit McAndrew & Wann F. T. Montell & Bartow L. M. Hoffman's Son & Co. . . Beebe & Brotlier Pupke, Thurbur & Co Bodinc & Co Dater, Clark & Co James Olwell & Co ILK. Bull Gibson, Early & Co Todd & Co Theodore W. Todd Wm. Vernon, Jr Geo. W. Elder John Wheelwright Morewood & Co Fausto Mora Other contributions Sale of goods contributed .... $250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 2.50 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 2.50 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 1,193 00 7,168 43 $51,211 43 Gary & Co. COMMITTEE ON SniPS AND SniPPINO. $1,250 00 Charles H. Marshall. $1,000 00 238 THE TIIIBUTE BOOK. Spofforil & Tilestou $1 M. O. Roberts 1 Fabbi'i & Chauncey 1 Alsop & Chauncey 1 Win. II. Webb " " Workmen H. T. Livingston Harbeck & Co N. L. McCready W. A. Fi-eeborn & Co John D. Jones Samuel L. Mitcliell William Wall's Sons M. K. Wilson Wm. Whitlock, Jr De Groot & Peek P. N. SpofFoi-d E. S. Hidden W. S. Whitlock Smith ife Dinion Daniel I). Westervelt John Englis & Son C. & R. Poillon Roosevelt, Joyce & Co. ... Aug. Whitlock & Co Ed. Mott Robinson Wm. K. Ilininan J. T. Graham's collections , John G. Gunther R. W. Cameron, boat F. G. Ogden , Total 000 00 Samuel Sneden, agent ,000 00 John Christie ,000 00 Thomas Stack ,000 00 J. B. & J. D. Van Duzen 500 00 Ariel Patterson 534 10 John A. McGaw 514 00 C. Comstock & Co 500 00 W. II. Webb, oakum 500 00 J. T. B. Maxwell 500 00 J. B. Webb 500 00 Wm. Menzies 500 00 R. P. Logan 500 00 J. D. Brewster 395 00 Hicks & Bell 330 00 Daniel Barnes, Jr 250 00 F. Church 250 00 John S. Tappan 250 00 Daniel Drake Smith 243 10 Randolph M. Cooley 201 24 Sutton & Co 200 00 Nathaniel M. Terry 200 00 Lewis Raymond 200 00 Henry Steers 200 00 Jas. R. Taylor 200 00 Ezra Bucknam 200 00 T. F. Rowland 200 00 Capt. Wm. Edwards 200 00 Other subscriptions, a large por- 182 00 tion from workmen in ship- 105 00 yards 150 00 Sale of articles contributed 130 00 $100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 2,318 78 214 50 $20,177 72 COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. R. P. Parrott $100 00 S. B. Althause Moses Cummings Michael Grosz Benjamin N. Huntington, Rome, N. Y Ogden & Co W. IL Gedney Other subscriptions Sale of articles contributed Total $5,580 62 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 50 00 50 00 98 00 4,882 02 Hotels. Fifth Avenue Hotel RESTAURANT DEPARTMENT. St. Nicholas Hotel $1,000 00 . $1,000 00 Everett and Clarendon Hotels . . 500 00 THE METROPOLITAN FAIR. 239 Metropolitan Hotel. Albemarle Hotel. . . Maisoii Dort'e St. Denis Hotel Brevoort House . . . St. James Hotel . . . Proviision Dealers. Halstead, Chamberlain & Co.. . Cape & Floyd Hay ward & Sager W. & A. Stevens John M. Smith's Son A. & E. Bobbins Cobb & Earle Knapp & Co $300 00 200 00 175 00 150 00 100 00 100 00 300 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 150 00 100 00 spring it Jamison $100 00 Samuel Clai-k & Son lOO 00 F. Link & Brother 100 00 Patterson & Co 100 00 C. H. Meday 100 00 Pray & Squire 100 00 A. & J. M. Moses 100 00 F. Beclistein & Brother 100 GO Cape, Culver & Co 100 00 Fink & Henoken 100 00 G. V. Bartlett 100 00 Wm. Barker & Co 100 00 Other snbscriptions 7,182 56 Sale of .articles contribnted 2,676 60 Don.ations from the bakers 1,439 00 Total COMMITTEE ON PI'BI.IO CONVEYANCES. Hudson River R. R. Co New York & New Haven R. R. Company Delaware & Hudson Canal Co. . Employees of the Central Park, North & East River Railroad Company Greenpoint Ferry Co., one day's receipts Telegraph Line of Stages Troy Steamboat Co Albany Line of Steamers Employees of Knickerbocker Stage Co $17,573 16 $5,000 00 2,000 00 500 00 290 00 218 30 126 60 120 00 104 00 26 00 Total $8,384 80 Elias Howe, Jr $500 00 Employees, sixth floor of Singer's Sewing Machine Factory 24 75 COMMITTEE ON SEWING MACHINES. Rale of articles contributed. $2,778 87 Total . . , . $3,303 62 COMMITTEE ON WINES AND LIQUORS. Joseph Beecher <& Co 250 00 250 00 Giro & Francia . . 100 00 P. Balen & Co 100 00 Smith & Brothers 250 00 Gomez, Wallace & Co 100 00 Samuel Milbank Matthew P. Reed. 250 00 250 00 200 00 L. E. Amsinck & Co John Devlin 100 00 100 00 Beadleston & Price Galwey, Casado & Teller W. C. Vard & Co 100 00 James Robinson & Co 100 00 KKI 00 \ 240 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Wm. Eagle P. Balhuitiue & Sons Van Schaick, Edwards i& Co.. Robert E. Kelly & Co F. Berthoud & Co J. Beveridge & Co Total $100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 50 00 50 00 David Stevenson Koehler Brothers. . . . W. Edgar Bird & Co. Geo. E. Doualass . . . . $50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 Sale of articles contributed 14,-300 06 §17,850 U() COMMITTEE ON GAS, Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.. $2,500 00 Delaware, Lackawanna & West- ern R. R 2,500 00 Pennsylvania Coal Co 2,500 00 Quintard & Ward Ohas. A. Ileckscher & Co. Louis Audenreid & Co. . . . Noble, Caldwell & Co. . . . F. F. Randolph Samuel Bennett, Jr A. Pardee & Co 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 COAL AND FLAGS. E. A. Packer & Co $250 00 Wm. L. Skidmore 200 00 Joseph R. Skidmore 200 00 A. T. Stout & Co 200 00 nammett,VanDusen&Lochman 200 00 Jeremiah Skidmore 100 00 Allan Campbell 100 00 Samuel Castner 100 00 Other contributions 855 00 Sale of cargo of coal from George Elliott, of London 1.3,513 50 Total $26,718 50 COMMITTEE ON MAOnlNERY. New York & Havre S. S. Co... $1,000 00 Morgan Iron Works 600 00 Noveltv Iron Works 600 00 " " " workmen. 560 76 C. II. Delaraater 540 80 " " workmen .... 540 80 Allaire Works 500 00 " " workmen 531 00 Manhattan Gas Co., workmen. 14th Street 400 00 J. H. Gautier & Co 400 00 Manhattan Gas Co., workmen, 18th Street John Roach & Son Tugnot, Dalley & Co James Murphy & Co Fletcher, Harrison <& Co " " workmen. Herring & Floyd " " workmen . . . N. Y. & Virginia S. S. Co Samuel Secor & Co '• " " workmen.. James L. Jackson &, Brother. . . '• " " workmen Employees of Stratton & Foote. J. & R. J. Gray Cobanks & Theall " " workmen. . Samuel C. Hills N. Y. Gaslight Co., workmen . . W. & H. B. Dougherty " " workmen Other subscriptions Sale of machinery contributed. . $333 85 300 00 300 00 300 00 300 00 50 25 250 00 24 50 250 00 200 00 88 95 117 59 122 83 100 00 100 00 100 00 36 50 100 00 136 00 100 00 20 12 1,077 30 9,687 82 Total $19,769 07 CO.MMITTEE ON OUT OF TOWN SUBSOEIPTIONS. Citizens of Ticonderoga, N. Y.. 150 00 Wm. Roe, Newburgli, N. Y.. $100 00 TUE METROPOLITAN FAIR. 241 Citizens of Rye ami Harrison, N. Y $2,591 fi2 G. A. Elliott, Newburgh. N. Y . . 50 00 J. L. Rogers, Xcwburgli, N. Y. . Binghamiiton Loyal League .... Other subscriptions $50 00 42 25 97 25 Total $;i,081 12 CO.MMITTEE ON I'APEU AND STATIONKKY. Campbell, Hall & Co $500 00 Journeymen printers and a\)- prentices, through the N. Y. Typographical Society 3C6 20 White, Sheffield & Co 300 00 Fredk. Bredt 100 00 Manchester Paper Company. .. 100 00 John Priestley 100 00 Total Lindenmeyr & Brother $100 00 Leroy A. Fairchild 100 Oo Ayres & Ames 100 00 Vernon Brothers & Co 100 00 Bulkley Brothers & Co 100 00 Other subscriptions, and sale of goods contributed 5,0S1 l(i $7,047 80 SCENE IN THE METUOPOT.ITAN F.VIE. COMMITTEE ON PRODUCE AND COKN EXCnANOE. $500 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 $250 00 Baker & Brother F. H. Abbot & Co 200 00 McCombie & Child Jesse Hoyt & Co 1 90 oa P. H. Holt P. I. Nevius & Sons J. West A. M. Hoyt W. E. Barnes 100 00 100 00 Holt & Co 100 00 S. C. Paxson's Son & Co 100 00 Baldwin N. Fox 100 00 Charles T. Goodwin Jacob H. Herrick 100 00 IG 242 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. W. S. caiman $100 00 Robert C. Scott $100 00 J. M. Eequa Sage& Co Rowland it Banks. E. W. Coleman.... Wylie & Knevals. . E. O. Bi-inckerlioff. 100 00 II. W. Smith 100 00 Joseph Allen & Co 100 00 New York Association of Inspec- 100 00 tors 100 00 Daniel Cromwell 100 00 Other subscriptions 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 810 00 Total $.3,750 00 COM.VIITTEE ON OIL, J. 0. Wetmore 500 00 R. G. Mitchell & Co 250 00 Brewer, Watson & Co 250 00 Manhattan Oil Company 250 00 200 00 Malcolm C. Greene 100 00 T. & G. Rowe 100 00 Wm. II. Murphy 100 00 Raynolds, Pratt & Co 100 00 Barrows, Ilaselton & Co 100 00 James Prver & Co 100 00 SO.\P, AND CANDLES. r. R. &. W. C. Fowler. L. Ludovici A. M. Knight & Co.... Christopher Tyler Van Tassel & Archer. . Popliani & Ilastun Geo. W. Todd Edward Elsworth Cartwright & Harrison. James Boyd Other subscriptions. . . $100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 . . 100 00 100 00 383 TO Sale of goods contributed 4,702 2fi Total . i,G35 , W. S. Haven, " Ella Stewart, 1 S. F. Von Bonxiiorst, Eon. Cor. Secretary. Mrs. McMillan, - Secretaries. N. Holmes, Honorary Treasurer. Miss Bakewell. ) W. D. McGowan, Secretary. Buildings were erected expressly for the fair in the Alleghany Diamond Squai'e. Though these covered about sixty thousand square feet, the com- mittee had not sufficient space, and were compelled to secure various halls for detached departments of the fair. This opened upon the first of June. The mechanical and floral departments were its most remarkable features. The first was to have been expected in an Iron City ; the second, the success of which was not so certain, was all the more welcome under that canopy of smoke. An eye-witness has given us the following description of the Floral Hall : " The grand design of the artist is to illustrate the progress of man in civil- ization, as evidenced by his architectural and topographical surroundings. The canopy, from which light is thrown upon the forest of different sections of the globe, is composed of the national emblem — entwined in red, white and Ijlue cloth — with arches of evergreens connecting with the other portions of the scene, and surmounting the whole. Encircling the hall is a series of booths, of entirely different architecture, from the rude structure framed out of the native forest tree, to the more advanced gothic style. On either side are two vistas or canopied walks, so shaded as to produce the beautiful illu- sion of great extent or distance. The arches are richly festooned with ever- greens. At the southern end is the 'Garden of Eden,' while in the northern extremity of the hall is the 'Bower of Eest,' and the 'Cascade.' " On the central piece great care has been bestowed to carry out the har- mony of the scenic creation. It presents six sections of the globe. The first is a striking scene upon the Rhine ; standing in front, the castle is observed at the top of the mountain slope, roads in gentle curves passing through the gi-Qunds of the peasantry beneath ; while cottages, water-mills, sheep grazing THE PITTSBURGH FAIR. 247 in the distance, jets of water and gurgling streams, combine to form a view of great beauty and attraction ; at the base of tlie mountain is a glassy lake, whose margin is fringed with aquatic plants and flowers. From this point there is a fine view of the cave, which presents the illusive appearance of being an extended cavern or subterranean passage underlying the whole mountain. The music of the trickling water falls pleasantly on the ear, and the lights, seen in the distance, lend enchantment to the view. "The second section of the central figure is a faithful representation of a white-pine forest, the profile of the ground or side of the hill being in strict congruity with the trees and vegetation. The third section is a scene in Nor- way. A belt of dark-green native forest trees, with occasional patches of grass, where the deer browse, give variety and relief to the scenery. The fourth section is an elaborately cultivated French garden — a parterre, with flowers, sections of turf, statuary, vases, all the choice productions from every clime, fountains, the whole crowned with a splendid specimen of the Agave Americana. This is a fair illustration of what landscape gardeners would term an irregular taste, but producing, by great profusion and variety, a charming effect. " The fiftli is an exhibition of an iron and coal mountain. Eough sand- stone formation, slate, coal, and iron ore, with laurel and hemlock, are its par- ticular features. The design in this instance is forcibly carried out. The last section is intended to convey a topographical appearance of a hemlock region. Broken sliade, tumbling debris, and decaying matter, fully continue the har- mony of the natural -proportions. Surmounting the central picture there is a rustic summer house, which is reached by winding steps, formed out of the projecting rocks.- The following is an abstract of the Treasurer's report : Receipts from all sources $.363,.'iro 09 Deduct expenses 33,079 29 Net receipts $330,490 80 Retained tor Monument Fund and other uses 11,272 82 Made over to Sanitary Commission )i;319.217 98 Not only was this extraordinary result reached in Pittsburgh while the Great Central Fair was in progress in Philadelphia, but the Christian Commis- sion, which had always found here a congenial home, collected, during the continuance of the fair, no less a sum than $50,000. Indeed, in its contribu- tions to the latter charity, Pittsburgh ranks the third city in the Union — Philadelphia and Boston being the first and second. 248 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. The Great Central Fair of Philadelphia followed hard upon the great, and still more central, fair of Pittsburgh. It was in many respects the finest, and, in point of optical effect, certainly the most beautiful, of the series. Whether this was owing to the selection of a locality which permitted the use of archi- tectural devices, or to the season which draped the scene in foliage and fur- nished it witli the flowers and fruits of June, or whether Samaritan wares must, of necessity, be more tastefully grouped in a City of Brotherly Love, it matters little; it is sufficient tliat Philadelphians had reason to be proud of their success, and that the rest of the nation was grateful for it — that there was much felicitation and no jealousy. The first steps towards a fair in Philadelphia were taken in January, 1864. Mrs. Hoge, who has been often mentioned in connection with sanitary matters, was present, by invitation, at a meeting of the Women's Pennsylva- nia Branch of the Sanitary Commission. She gave a succinct but glowing account of the Northwestern Fair, and urged tlie example of the Lake City as a safe one to follow. The advice was taken; resolutions were passed; the Executive Committee of the Philadelphia Associates of the Sanitary Com- mission were consulted ; the usual machinery of appeals and circulars was set in motion; and very soon it was seen that so deeply was the popular heart stirred, not only in the city, not only in the state, but also in the neighboring principalities of Delaware and New Jersey, so profuse promised to be the harvest, that no edifice would house the wares, no structure contain the buyers. So the Academy of Music was rejected ; a plan for supplementing that build- ing by wings and bridges was tabled ; and an army of men, possessed of the necessary jjermit, flinging down upon Logan Square two million feet of lum- ber, wherewith to inclose an area of two hundred thousand square feet, applied themselves to the task of creating, in forty working days, the most beautiful structure in America. The work prospered ; the fair was opened upon the day appointed, the seventh of June, with processions, cannonades, addresses, hymns. No Fourth of July was ever solemnized as a more general or more welcome festival. Though words are always inadequate to convey an idea of architectural beauties, and though those of L^nion Avenue elude description in a jjeculiar degree, yet an attempt that would have been successful, had success been possible, has been made to fix its lineaments upon jiaper. In Mr. StiUe's Memorial occurs the following passage : " Union Avenue, which measured fifty feet from the floor to the point of the arch, covered, in its ground-plan, the great walk of Logan Square, five hundred and fifty feet long, and sixty-four THE GREAT CENTRAL FAIR. 249 feet in width. It was composed of a series of Gothic arches, a style originally adopted principally with a view of injuring as little as possible the noble trees which grew on each side of the walk, the branches of which stood in the way of a building with perpendicular sides of the desired height. As it often happens, what had been adopted as a matter of necessity proved to be the very stjde which should have l)een selected, had the choice of all styles been left free. It is impossible to imagine any thing more imposing in its effect, more capable of decoration, or more admirably adapted to tlic disjjlaj' of articles exhibited in it, than this Gothic avenue. The very branches of the trees, SCENE OF THE GREAT CENTRAL FAIR OF PIIlI.AnELPniA. which with pious care every effort was made to preserve, were permitted to enter the roof of the building, and the effect was singularly novel and picturesque. The long line of the pointed arch, thus festooned at its apex with green boughs, hung lower down with banners and trophies of every variety of form and color, as in some great baronial hall of the middle ages ; and, at its base and along its whole extent, filled with all the wonderful productions of our industry, with a vast throng of eager, admiring, enthusiastic people moving unceasingly in the midst of it all, made up a dazzling picture, such as no cj-e had ever looked upon on the continent. To stand at one extremity of this noble hall and look through the long vista formed by these arches, when gilded with the mild beams of the setting sun, or radiant at night 250 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. witli tlic light reflected from countless objects of every variety of form and hue, was a sight like that of the illumination of St. Peter's, the sight of a lifetime." This superb hall was lined on either side with counters, while a range of tables occupied the centre, leaving ample space for purchasers and prome- naders. Here were gathered the riches of the mechanic, the fine and the ornamental arts ; books and stationery, silver-ware, perfumery, hollow-ware, hardware ; carpets, hats, caps and furs, boots and shoes ; porcelain, wall-paper, millinery, Swiss wood-work, and India-rubber. Though compelled to hasten on where we should prefer to linger, time and space must be found to i-eeord the fact that the sewing women of Philadelphia furnished a table with gifts of needle-work, which, when turned into money, produced the sum of $!)-i'-l. That a class of persons whose life is one long struggle to keep the wolf from their own doors, should thus have aided in a scheme to drive him from the door of the distant hospital, is an incident at once touching and significant. And now a cursory glance at those features in which this fair differed from its predecessors. The pupils of the School of Design for Women exhibited a beautiful collection of the patterns which then formed the staple designs in many oi-namental branches of industrial art. The Bohemian glass-blowers spun tlie delicate jjroducts of their beautiful craft, giving half their receipts to the fair. Their glass steam-engine, the "Monitor," permitting the spectator to pry through its transparent surfaces into secrets of cylinder and piston, labored noiselessly from morning to night. The Ciishman Album, bound in green and gold, and containing forty-three sketches contributed by Boston, New York, and Philadelphia artists, brought $1,37-1 into the common fund ; the intention being that the collection, after having paid tribute to the cause, should be presented to Miss Cushman, in recognition of her generosity to the commission. Hard by, a lithographic press, laying metallic hands upon a picture which had already passed eight times beneath the blocks and had thus received the impress of eight different colors, stamped the ninth and last upon it, in view of the spectator. The yacht '"Fairie," a beautiful steamer, fifty-eight feet long, and able to make her twelve knots an hour easily, was presented to the fair by two well- known shipbuilding firms, Mr. Cramp furnishing the hull and fittings, and Messrs. Neafie & Levy jiroviding the machinery. She would have been exhibited in Union Avenue could she have been conveyed thither. She was bought by the government for $10,000. Near to the spot where the Fairie was to have been docked, was a coining THE SMOKER'S PARADISE. 251 press, built by the machinists of the U. S. Mint. Here the visitor could purchase numismatic mementoes of the fair, struck off before his eyes. In the same department a brick machine forged tiny one cent bricks, and hard by a bullet moulder tossed bullets out of a hopper as fast as they could 1)0 l)ought for five cents apiece. The horse-shoe forge, fresh from triumphs in New York, was as ready here as there to shoe the cavalry of Lilliput To the tobacconists of Philadelphia was due that unique and seductive retreat, the Turkish Divan or Smoker's Paradise. Constructed by scenic artists and operatic carpenters from authentic records, stocked with every thing that could be snuffed, chewed, or smoked, with pipes, meerschaums, calumets, with leaf that had paid the excise and cigars that had contributed to tlie cus- toms, with smoking caps, Turkish slippers, and cushions of oriental fashion, the Divan made an enviable fame for itself and $9,000 for the fair. Chicago, Boston, Brooklyn, and New York had had their Hall of Arms and Trophies ; Philadelphia could do no less. Two smoke-stacks of monitors engaged in the attack on Charleston flanked the entrance, and within was the usual interesting but indescribable collection of flags, cannon, swords, spears, canister, grape-shot, pistols, claymores. A ten-inch bolt thrown from Batter}^ Gregg, and plucked from the uninjured deck of the New Ironsides; rebel bayonets from Missionary Ridge ; a bowie-knife wrested from one of Forrest's troopers ; a Chinese match-lock ; an Albanian pistol ; John Brown's spear ; a French cantec.-n from Waterloo, formed an incongi-uous but suggestive group. The lock of a musket from Shiloh was made to tell of the death of the rebel General Johnston, thus : "This is the lock That ci-acketl tlie cap That fired the f;un That carried tlie hall That caused the fall Of Alhert Sidney Johnston." There were relics from the field of Gettysburg, canes, picture-frames, bas- kets of ferns and leaves ; the battle-flag of General Kearney's Division ; silver urns presented by citizens of Philadelphia to Decatur; naval flags in abund- ance, mostly trophies of 1812 ; the model of a frigate, made from a fragment of the maintopmast of the Cumberland, and offered at $300; a plaster model cf the great Rodman twenty-inch gun, and a model of the Swamp Angel, made by soldiers who had helped to mount tiic original angel in the original swamp. The gun was a perfect copy of its prototype ; the five hundred bags filled with 252 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Morris Island sand that protected the one, protected the other in miniature, and South Carolina soil surrounded them hoth. The Horticultural Department of the Philadelphia Fair was one of those overwhelming triumphs of taste and creative skill which have made the Quaker City mart so pre-eminent. It was certainly the grandest floral display ever witnessed in America, and for a finer you must visit either Paris, Persia, or Paradise. " Our Daily Fare" thus struggled with the subject : " Fancy a rotunda one hundred and ninety feet in diameter, filled with rare plants and flowers arranged in a succession of circles through which visitors pass and repass, drinking in the fragrance of the orange-tree and the palm, the banana and the magnolia. In the lake, in the centre of this fairy palace, is an island, with its fountain of hundreds of jets brilliantly illuminated at night by a thousand burners, and thus, intermingled with all that is sweet and beautiful in the floral realms, comes the soft music of the band hid from sight by the dense foliage of the island. " The fountain is woi'thy of its surroundings. Around the base of a vast pyramid of exotic plants flows the crystal brook, bordered with grassy banks, and bearing on its bosom lovely water blossoms and the broad green leaves of the Victoria Regia, while from its depths burst forth at intervals delicate fountains of quaint and various designs. From the summit of the pyramid of plants there fiills on every side a dome-like sheet of water, covering the whole as if with a great bell-glass. On the outside of this and below the circle of water jets is a circle of fire, a jet of flame for every one of water. The effect of this arrangement of fire and water is indescribable. The thousand fantastic colors sent forth must be seen, and when seen will never be forgotten. Every drop of water becomes a jewel" Among the individual specimens which contributed to form this maze of verdure were a date-palm, overtopping the rest, a dragon-tree, a cam])hor-tree ; two bananas in full fruit, Australian tree ferns, j)itcher plants, lace plants, ze- bra plants, rhododendrons and pomegranates; an India-rubber tree, a Norfolk Island pine, a Brownii grandiceps; there were hanging baskets filled with orchids; there were festoons of evergreens, and columns twined about with boughs of pine, laurel and hemlock that lately waved wpon the Alleghanies. As for the smaller plants and flowers, the fuschias, the caladiums, the ivies, the acacias ; as for the cinnamon-trees aiid the sugar-cane, the Japan cedars and the hydrangeas, the butterfly orchids and the bee-hives ; as for the colors which put the rainbow to the blush, and were handsomer even then ; as for the odors which, had they blown from Araby, would have been scentless in THE FlllGID AND THE TOKUID ZONE. 253 comparison ; as for the air, wliich was faint and heavy — as for all these things, description is idle, till the sun not only takes photographs, but colors them, till the chromo-lithographer shall supersede the penman, or, at least, till printers' ink smells more of violets and lilies than it does now. MAKING nOlTQUETS FOR TilE FAIK. The Flower Market, where cut flowers and bouquets were dispensed, may, howc\-er, be safely treated of Of these there were none too many, though the gardens of Chestnut Hill and Germantown, the cemeteries of Glenwood and Laurel Hill, were rifled every morning. Those who were too late for real flowers could have wax ones instead ; those who would take neither might have strawberries and cream. He who wanted no flowers to-day, but was to marry a daughter next month, might buy a nurseryman's order for tlie amount he required, and thus pay the fair in Jane for the flowers Mr. Bright or Mr. Otto was to furnish him in July. Tlien there were evergreens by the cart- load ; gas-jets that every one took for water-lilies ; an aquarium containing earth, air, fire, and water ; and, to finish with horticulture, a Frigid and a Torrid Zone. Each zone had a room to itself Within the Arctic Circle, this is what was seen : a ship fast locked in ice ; vegetation, stunted but hardy, ofi'ering a modest though insuflicient meal to the browsing reindeer; a few blasted pines ; icebergs enough to cool the tropics, and to appal the forestallers of Eockland Lake, lest these huge cakes be thrown upon the market, bringing prices down upon the slide. The very 254 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. light was cold and pale and blue. So potent was the illusion that it was not easy to recover from it ; to return to the temperate geniality of a Philadelphia June was not enough ; a visit to the antipodes, a flight to the other extreme, was indispensable. To meet this necessity, the Torrid Zone was simulated in another room hard by. Here the vegetation was of a nature to give a rein- deer a surfeit— it was dark, dense, gloomy, creeping, impenetrable. There were monkeys there, and macaws ; parrots, cranes, and pendent mosses. No sky was visible, and the whole aspect of the scene suggested the coming cyclone. It was a relief to escape, even if we returned again to the neighbor- ing Nova Zcmbla. Both these tableaux were perfect in conception and exe- cution, and were frequently mentioned as being " alone worth the price of admission." Of the Restaurant little need be said, except that, being conducted on the Philadelphian principles that secured the success of so many other depart- ments, it was likewise a brilliant triumph, whether considered socially, gastro- nomically, or financially. Nine thousand persons were entertained daily ; four hundred ladies and gentlemen gave their services gratuitously, and three hundred and seventeen persons were employed, at wages, in various capacities. The receipts were very large, but the expenses were proportionately so, leav- ing a profit of nearly $23,000. The " Pennsylvania Kitchen" was a depend- ency of the Restaurant, and was instituted in order to present a picture of domestic Dutch life in the interior of tlic state at the period of its settle- ment A mammoth chimney-piece occupied nearly one side of the room ; arranged in a semicircle over it was a combination of dried apples, forming words which conveyed a compliment to General Grant. Muskets with a historic record, pots and kettles old enough to have called each other black at the time of Braddock's defeat, spinning-wheels with an amazing memory, the desk at which Franklin wrote, the chair in which Franklin sat, blue mugs, brass lamps, a pestle and mortar that had pounded two centuries to dust, calabashes, bladders, a cojaper kettle that boiled coffee for the Continentals — with these and other antiques like them, a very respectable kitchen of the olden day was duly furnished forth. Of course, the viands were of a nature, in their essence and in their preparation, fully to correspond. No one would have called here for croquettes de riz or the Verzenay of Mumm ; but a courteous request for noodle soup or flannel cakes would have been instantlj^ complied with. The bill of fare included also those favorite dishes, summer-wurst, dampf-knauf, pfeffer-kuchen, and zucker-pretzels. Of this interesting resort one of the THE POST OFFICE. 255 gazettes of the day observed: "It is a great feature of the fair, and suggests a feeling of home." Doubtless to the early Dutchman it did, but it may well be doubted whether it would have revived similar memories in the Neai^olitan, the Welshman, or the Dane. The Central Fair Post Office was established to correct certain evils con- nected witli the onlinary post offices of the country. " There is nothing more unjust," said Our Daily Fare, "than the favoritism that is usually exercised ' %^ S- -, MBTfcT .1 'uV ' '*"^. SANITARY FAIU I'UST OFFICE. at these places. In despotic countries it may do very well to make arbitrary distinctions among individuals ; but it is certainly intolerable in a republic that one man should receive a letter when he asks for it and another should be refused. It seems not to ari.se from prejudice against individuals, but to be the result of mere caprice. We ourselves have often been told there were no letters for us, when we were really anxious to receive one ; and, at other times, oftenest on the first day of January and July, we have received quantities of wretched epistles, in those horrid yellow envelopes, which we felt not the slightest desire for. 256 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. " lu the Fair Post Office these evils have been remedied. The Executive Committee have requested that all their visitors be treated alike, and that every one who asks for a letter at the post office receive one. To obtain a letter, therefore, it is only necessary to pay for it. We trust that this great reform will meet, as it deserves, the favor of every one." It was not likely that the idea furnished to the Metropolitan Fair by Messrs. Tiffany & Co., of New York, and turned to such good use there, would not lie jjut to profit in Philadelphia. The veiy best use was made of it. Messrs. Bailey & Co. gave, as their contribution, a military vase, of solid silver, three feet and five inches in height, its value being $5,000. On the base, made of Vermont marble, were three concave panels, repre- senting the arms of the United States, those of Philadelphia, and the American Eagle strangling a serpent. Under the canopy was the figure of Liberty, and supporting the canopy were three pillars, being groupings illustrative of arms and trophies of ancient times, of the middle ages, and of the present day. At the point where the pillars touched the vase were winged figures, representing Fame, History, and Peace. The vase itself was enriched by clusters of grajjes and running vines. An improvement upon the idea as it came from New York, was the rule that the first proposer of a can- didate should pay $20 for the privi- lege ; as there were twenty-two nom- inations, the improvement was a productive one. Towards the end of the contest, the competition lay between two of the candidates only, Edwin G. James, President of the Corn Exchange, and the Union League. Mr. James finally won by four thousand nine hundred and forty-eight votes against four thousand and three. The result of the canvass was $10,457. MILITARY VASE, TUE GIFT OP MESSRS. BAILEY i CO. General McClellan 10 General Howard Scattering 9 10 UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE. 257 A camp-chest, iDresentcd Ly Good Intent Hose Company, No. 2, containing glass and silver-ware for field service, and valued at $3U0, was disposed of in the same way. The vote at the close stood thus : General Birney 308 General Meade 103 General Gibbons 28 General Grant 16 Total 48-i A sword, presented by Messrs. Evans & Hassall, and valued at $2,000, was also disposed of by the system which in certain quarters is stigmatized as the tyranny of the majority. The will of the people, as expressed by the divine right of suffrage, was thus declared : General Meade 3,442 General Grant 1 77 General Hancock 1,.506 Scattering 119 General McClellan 297 Total 5,541 The destination of a silver horn, presented by the America Hose Com- pany, No. 17, was decided in the same manner; being evidently the badge of a fireman, and not of a general, none but engine, hook and ladder, and hose companies were eligible. The price of a vote was twenty-five cents, and some twenty-eight thousand were cast, thus divided : G(tod Will Engine 12.732 United States Engine Southwark Hose South Peun Hose Scattering Total 159 Fairmouut Engine 9,941 105 Phreni.x Hose 1,688 1,414 101 542 Philadelphia Engine Diligent Engine 945 219 . . . 27,846 The model house, a miniature, but as perfect in every detail as miniatures are or should be, with a marble chimney-piece upon which an able-bodied man had bestowed three days' labor, a mansion of three stories, each room complete with its appropriate furniture, with a book-case stocked with diamond editions, and a gallery of paintings three inches by five — this desirable residence, in every way fit for the queen of dolls, was valued at $1,000, and sold for $2,300. Another model house, possessing, in addition to similar attractions, gas fix- tures, and such ingenious contrivances of the plumber's art as would enable the tenant to illuminate by night, was purchased for $800. The Department of Public and Private Schools worthily sustained the general credit of the fair. Fourteen hundred teachers and seventy-two 17 258 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. thousand pupils labored together for months, plying the needle, circulating the subscription book, rehearsing operas, concerts, readings, tableaux ; giving tea- parties and festivals, and even exhibiting the oxycalcium phantasmagoria ! The pin-cushions were literally brought to the fair by the cart-load, and the unsanguine predicted that they would go thence in the same way ; but not a housewife was sacrificed to the Moloch of Wholesale Price ; not a jDin-cushion but brought in its full retail quota; and when the jJroceeds of the needle, the subscription book, and the exhibition room were rolled into a lump, its sym- bol upon paper was no other than this : $40,000. The Children's Department commenced opei'ations a month before the fair by giving a May ball. This was to start the enthusiasm and enlist the sympathies of that j^ortion of the population which, though not yet in its teens, still has money to spend, and is inclined to spend it freely. The ball was followed by a concert, and, in June, the department had its own allotted space. Here was Signor Blitz, the sprightly, the sempiternal ; hei'e was the Old Lady tliat lived in a Shoe ; here was Ethel Newcome, a doll so perfect in demeanor and so gorgeous in wardrobe that she was sold twice, and tlie money was not refunded once ; here was the Soldiers' Home, with an inge- nious flue in the chimney for the passage of the specie currency of the realm ; here was the Skating Pond, the Fancy Ball ; in short, here was the spot where some $15,000 were, in various pleasant ways, swept from the table into the crumb basket. The Art Gallery was a building upon the north side of Logan Square, covering the entire length of the grand walk at that point ; it was five hundred feet long, twenty-six feet wide, and fifteen feet high. The rich collec- tions of Philadelphia furnished, of course, the bulk of tlie treasures exhibited upon its walls; but New York, Boston, Washington, Baltimore, and Chicago sent specinjcns of their jiossessions also. Several of the private galleries, con- tributions from which were declined for want of room, were exhiliited sepa- rately. A casket of oil and water sketches, presented by the artists of New York, another of fifty sketches, contributed by the Artists' Fund Society of Philadelpliia, were disposed of by lot for about $3,000. The New York casket went to Baltimore ; the Philadelphian remained at home. The number of pictures and other works of art exhibited was about fifteen hundred ; the visitors were estimated at nearly two hundred and twenty thoiisand, and the net proceeds of the gallery were over $33,000, with some $.5,000 worth of articles left unsold at the close of the fair. The report of the Committee on Fine Arts speaks as follows of the beauty and merit of the TiTwwnTTntTFffnfm^TfTTFiwnTT^^ ^^^^^s^rni^ ^ (Wl;iri> J^r|]ool (tutatiuumcnt. P E O G U A .M M E . M (.-;-^.-fet-■' -OtT The Star-Spaiigleil BsiniUT . . CuoKt'S. ^_ \ Stump SpL-ecli .... Master Ciiilds. Son''. — Tlie Vacant Cluiii' . . Miss Lenox. Street Ariruuu-nt . Viva TAinerica The Last Ditch , Comic Song FnrR Buys. . Charles Browne. Miss Kmbuson. . Master Burns. Johnny Schmoker, or, Tlio PlMy- willywinck Band . EioiiT Boys PART II. ' Fla^, Boys. CiioRrs. Masters Df.xtei: it CrNNINGlIA.M. Miss Breweiu Masters Bonu. N. ^- '^^ ■ ^^ ^ ^"^^^y Kounil the /'^^^l^^l ^^\ Kobin RutT . The Fulks that p The State of the C-niiitrv. Sceiif \ Masters Boni , , ■ -( (. i-RTis, Well; enacted by . . . . ) ^^. (^kren. The Red, AVhite, and Biuo . , Cimitrs. Gymnastics, with Piano accompa- niment . ... FibTRKN Boys. Marcliini,' Ah>ng . ' . . Chorus. We're a Million in the Kiehl . Quartette. Hail Columbia .... Chorus. LABOR, INCOME, AxND REVENUE. 259 oollet-tion : " The best American and the best foreign schools were ably repre- sented in many of their most attractive works, and it is believed that, in respect to modern pictures, this gallery in real merit compared favorably with the best collection ever exhibited in Europe. The size of the gallery was far beyond any thing ever yet attempted in America, and although wanting the fretted ceilings and arcliitectural proportions of the time-honored gallei-ies of Europe, its lich contents so occupied the c^-e that what was not beautiful was not seen. The jiiageant, which rose like an exhalation, as, in happy quotation from Milton, was said of it l;)y a distinguished orator and statesman, charmed and delighted, time and time again, the ever-teeming crowd thronging the gallery during the three short weeks of the exhibition. How often, when the time of closing drew near, was the remark heard, ' Must this thing of beauty be dispersed, and no more seen? Can it not remain, to be a joy forever?' " Three committees had already obtained large sums of money before the opening of the fair — that of Benefits and Exhibitions, that of Orations and Lectures, and that of Musical Entertainments. The period during which these methods of adding to the fund were prosecuted with success was not far from two months. Balls and concerts, some public and some private, amateur the- atricals, readings and orations, were given nightly, not only in Philadelphia, but in almost every populous town of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Dela- ware. The Shakspearean Tercentenary, which in New York was tributary to the Statue Fund, went in Pliiladelphia with the hop of the Gray Reserves, the readings of Grace Greenwood, and the recitations of Professor Murdoch. The sums realized by the three committees amounted in the aggregate to about $24,000. Thus for we have referred only to the labors of those committees who re- turned something for the money they received — a pin-cushion, a vote, a seat, a sight. We have said nothing of the two committees whose province it was to obtain subscriptions, contributions in money. Tlie Committee on Finance and Donations, and the Committee on Labor, Incon)e, and Revenue, assumed this duty, and the ingenuity and success of the latter were as remarkable as any thing in the history of the fair. The collection of $70,000 from the gentlemen of the Exchange, the Board, and the Street, by the Committee on Finance, was creditable enough, but the competing committee beat this flattering result four times over. '-This was originally designed," says Mr. Stille, "as a sort of drag-net, a species of omnium gatherum, by means of which the gleanings in fields which had escaped the vigilant explorations of other committees should be gathered in. Tlie plan was to secure from each member of the 260 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. community, no matter liow lofty or humble his position, the value of one day's labor, one day's income." After a thorough organization, and the appointment of sub-committees for every legislative district in Pennsylvania, the officers of the department set off upon a tour through the state. Wherever the local mind appeared to be in the proper mood, and required no preliminary manipulation, operations were immediately begun. From six to twelve manufictories were sometimes visited in a day ; the works were stopped, the hands collected, the matter was explained, and one day's labor asked. It was so seldom, that we may as well say never, refused. Sometimes the employer, adding together the contributions of his men, gave as much more himself, and in one instance gave it t^vice over. In Catawissa, the young men were invited to declare by vote who was the handsomest and best young lady of tlio place, on condition that each inclosed in his vote the value of " one day's income, one day's labor." Miss Ilattie S. Reifsnyder was returned by a large majoritv, having received three hundred and twenty votes, more than all the other Catawissans put together. The City Passenger Railway Companies, by a vote of the Board of Presidents, generally appi'opriated one day's reve- nue, while the steam railroads, not knowing, and apparently unwilling to know, what a day's income was, took a magnificent view of it, estimated high, and subscribed their thousands, some five, some ten. So that when the sub-com- mittee on coal reported their collections at $67,000, and the various hauls of the drag-net were accumulated in one huge pile, and it became necessary to name that pile, the name selected was Two Hundred and Forty-seven Thou- sand Dollars. The man who had a hundred thousand pounds and whose patronymic was Plum, was not more happily named; nor was the heiress whose initials were L. S. D. New Jersey, affecting to be dissatisfied with her contribution to the Metro- politan Fair — no less a sum than $38,000— had determined to help Pennsyl- vania, and did so ; and, when the accounts were made up, Pennsylvania was $17,000 better off than she would otherwise have been. Delaware, too, which had thus far had no opportunity, now felt that iier time had come, and the Blue Hen laid the very ponderous nest-egg of $32,000. "Our Daily Fare" was the — we should have said organ of the fair, were it not then necessary to follow out the figure by adding, either that it was "ground" by Mr. Childs, "played upon " by Mr. Leland, or "blown"' by Mr. Boker. These gentlemen did no such thing: they edited and published, with the assistance of an editorial committee of ladies and gentlemen, twelve numbers of a very spirited daily, which yielded a net result of $5,600. From SOME OF THE RESULTS OF THE FAIR. 261 its columns the reader may learn many thousand flicts and gather perhaps as many graceful thoughts. The Great Central Fair came to an end on Tuesday, the 28th of Juno, with addresses of congratulation, with cheers for the chairmen of certain well-worked and well-delivered committees, with the singing of tlie national anthem, with a prayer of thanksgiving by the bishop of the diocese, and the chanting of the doxoldgy by the multitude. A few days more and tlie grass was growing again in Logan Square, the grand old trees miglit drop their rejected leaves upon the ground beneath, and nothing remained of the great temple of beneficence but its memory, its associations, and the A'ery fine bank-account opened in its name. Of the dimensions of this account some idea may be obtained from the fol- lowing tables, embodying the reports of a portion of the committees, item by item, and giving the aggregate of all : COMMITTEE ON PRODnCE, PHOVISIOXS, AND SIHPI'IXG. Chairman^ Alex. G. Cattell. William M. Baird ITenry Winsor & Co $l.onO 00 Edmund A. Souder & Co 1,000 00 Jacob T. Albiirger & Co 1.000 00 Edwin G. James 1,000 00 Alex. G. Cattell & Co 1,000 00 Peter Wright & Sons 1,000 00 Thomas Clyde 1,000 00 Thomas Wattson & Co 1,000 00 Ocean Steam Navigation Company 1,000 00 A. F. & R. Maxwell, Liveri)0(d, England 1,000 00 Wilmon "Whilldin 500 00 William J. Taylor & Co 500 00 John Mason & Co 500 00 John McCall & Co., Glasgow 300 00 llumplireys & Hoftraan William S. Smith & Co Cofn Exchange Bank J. II. Michener&Co Baltimore & Philadelphia Steam- boat Company, per A. Groves, Jr., Agent Michener & Morris McCiitcheon & Collins n. Craig heys 50 00 Tenhrook & Brother 50 00 n. J. Adams & Co 50 00 N. IL Graham & Co 50 00 Otlier snbscriptions 7,874 00 128,374 00 COMMITTEE ON WHOLESALE DUX CiOODS. Chainnan, Davio S. Brown. John B. Myers & Co $1,500 00 Stacy B. Bareroft 1,000 00 David S. Brown 1,000 00 Riegel, Wiest & Ervin 1,000 00 D. D. Cummins 1,000 00 R. Wood, Marsh & Haywood. . . 1,000 00 William S. Stewart 1,000 00 IlarrLs, Shoi-tridge & Co Fales, Wharton & Co Thos. W. Evans & Co Tredick, Stokes & Co Frothingliam & Wells James, Kent, Santee & Co. . . . Edmund Yard & Co J. C. Howe & Co Farnham, Kirkham & Co Johnes, Berry & Co Lewis, Boardraan & Wliarton. CotRn ifc Altemus Whitney tfc Lawrence Smith, AVilliams & Co Furness, Brinley & Co Pemherton S. Hutchinson. . . . Bush & Kurtz John B. Ellison, Sons & Co... . Garretson, Brady & Co Meigs & Brothers J. H. & W. Creighton George F. Peabody Wilmer, Cannell & Co $1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 COMMITTEE RETURXS. 263 $500 00 Sharp, Ilaincs & Co 500 00 Conrad & Sorrill 500 00 500 00 Brooks & Brother 500 00 Geo B. Reese, Son & Co 500 00 De Coursey, Lafourcade & Co. . 500 00 FTay & McDovitt 500 00 Altemus it Cozens 500 00 J. R. &J. Price 500 00 Riegel & Brother 400 00 Blackston Manufacturing Co., per Goddard Brothers, agents 400 00 Lonsdale Co., i)er Goddard Bros., agents 400 00 Mellor, Bains & Mellor 300 00 250 00 Leonard & Baker 250 00 Charles L. Sharpless 250 00 Wra. T. n. Duncan 250 00 n. N. Burroughs 250 00 250 00 T. & F. Evans 250 00 Hood, Bombright & Co 250 00 R. Pollock &Co 250 00 J. T. Wav 250 00 Heilman & Rank 250 00 "Wicht & Lankcnau 250 00 Hope Co., per Goddard Brothers, agents 200 00 C. B. Mount 200 00 W n Brown 200 00 William Baird 200 00 150 00 John Clendening and family. . , 115 00 Ellis & Harrop 100 00 Total net Morris, Clothier & Lewis Riddle, Gill & Co I. Binswanger & Co Ross, Shott & Co. . ; J. S. Young & Altemus ■Werner, Itschner & Co Ridgway, Heussner & Co Tomiile & Co John Tatum Thomas R. Tunis John Farnuni Ale.x. Wray & Co Little, Stokes & Co Wray & Gillilan J. C. Fryer John H. Wilson Paneoast, Warnock & Co S. T. Auge & Co Doughten, Renshaw & Wilkins. Pollock & Casselberry Gemmill & Cresswells Dale, Rose & Co Wise, Pusey & Co D. K. Grim James Long Bryant Ferguson P. D. Martin Stout & Atkinson John B. Stryker & Co Sibley, Molten & Co Williams & Arnest Adams, Atkinson & Co E. J. Troth Other contributions in cash and merchandise . 1100 00 100 on 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 13,749 67 $53,814 67 COMMITTEE OX HATS, CAPS AND FUKS. Chairmen, E. Mokeis and Mrs. C. 0. Roberts. Cash. Adolph & Keen $1,000 00 " " employees George Hoff & Co S. D. Walton " " employees C. H. Garden & Co Henry Tilge & Co John Farcira Edward S. Mawson " " employees. 400 00 300 00 250 00 172 50 250 00 250 00 100 00 100 00 15 43 Cooper, Parliam & Work. S. D. Walton it Co J. C. Yeager Frederick W. Corinth . . . . 75artalott & Blynn John Davis C ooih. Employees of E. Morris & Co. George Hoff & Co Isaac Oakford & Son $100 00 75 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 200 00 150 00 108 75 264 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Wm. F. Warburton $100 00 J. B. Lambert! Womratli & Co Josepli Rosenbanm Barnes, Osterhout, Herron & Co. Miss Benjamin's school, Harris- burgli Total net 100 00 Pupils of Miss Woodward's 90 00 school, Ilarrisburgh 70 50 T. H. McCalla Other subscriptions and donations $56 00 50 00 50 00 1,980 8-i §6,220 SO COMMITTEE ON RETAIL DRY GOODS. Chairmen, II. H. Cash. H. II. G. Sharpless Lord & Taylor, New York Eyre & Laiidell Edwin Hall John W. Thomas Edward Bacon George S. Lang From the counting-room and re- tail department of C. L. Sharp- less John Loutey Total net G. Sharpless and Mrs. Joshua Tevis. Edwin King Kelley & Brown F. M. Caldwell Cooper & Conard 200 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 60 00 50 00 $50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 Goods. J. M. nafleigh 500 00 Besson & Son 152 00 Eyre & Landell 100 00 Shelmire & Thompson 72 57 Other subscriptions and donations 2,200 51 $4,141 08 -fV-'^^i^S''^??^ American Button-Hole Machines Wilcox & Gibbs, Machines Total net COMMITTEE ON SEWING MACHINES. Chairman, Mrs. Dr. Gross. Wheeler & Wilson, Sewing Ma- chines Grover & Baker, Sewing Ma- chines ,^ The Singer Manufacturing Oom- ■ pany, Machines The Florence Sewing Machines. Wheeler & Wilson, Button-Hole Machine Tlie Elliptic Sewing Machine. . . John Grigg, cash Dr. S. D. Gross, cash The Parham Machine Watcener Sewing Machine ^ Wilniartli Sewing Machine Co. . Finkle & Lyon, one machine. . . $025 00 Other contributions 300 00 $300 00 .300 00 300 00 300 00 250 00 250 00 100 00 100 00 73 00 65 00 60 00 55 00 480 40 .$3,560 40 COMMITTEE ON CARRIAGES. Chairman, William D. Rogers. Xew. Jersey Department, by Gen. Robertson, Chairman $625 00 Wm. D. Rogers 400 00 Brewers' & Maltsters' Association of Pennsylvania $375 00 S. W. Jacobs 350 00 THE GREAT CENTRAL FAIR. 265 George Dodd & Son $300 00 George W. Watson & Co 275 00 A. B. Laudis and oUrts. Mount Joy Pa "•"5 00 Beckhaus & Allgaier 200 00 J. George LeHer 200 00 Edward Lane 200 00 J. M. Cox & Brotlier, Middle- town, Del 175 00 Blancliiird & Bro., Newark, K. J. 153 99 A. M. ITerkness $100 00 J. D. Heritage, Bustleton, Pa. . . 90 00 IL G. Ileadrick 80 00 Sani'l Mowry, Greenville, Conn. 60 00 James Laws, Holmesburg, Pu. . . 60 00 W. n. Pcarce 51 20 Plaff&lvroll 50 00 Other subscriptions and dcma- tions 234 95 Total net $-1,205 U COMMITTEE OX WINES AND LIQUORS. Chairman, George Cromelien. E. Castillon Kirkpatrick & Brother Charles S. cfc James Carstairt Walden, Koehn & Co S. Alter J. B. Peacock E. K. Conklin A. Robeno, Sr John Ilertzeler Adam Moffitt John D. Norcross Dufour & Gai'drat oinix Iron Co., paper weights Jacobs & Bull, Spring Grove Forge C. D. Bobbins & Co J. Clarence Cressou Tliomas I. Potts : . . . Samuel Hatfield, Coatesville. . . . Hugh E. Steele Singer, Nimick & Co., Pittsburgh, steel cannon W. H. Tiers Sanderson, Brother i& Co Park, Brother & Co., PittsburgI^ steel ■Williiim Dowlin, Downingtown . James Goodman, Sadsbury Forge " " '■ employees Proceeds from miniature horse- shoes, presented by II. Burden & Sons, Troy, N. Y $250 00 250 00 250 00 200 00 150 00 150 00 120 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 95 25 50 00 50 00 7 00 3,181 T3 Total net. t;32,138 28 By James McIIenry, London . . . By Mrs. C. Ingersoll Gara, Erie, Pa French, Richards & Co . . Edward M. Hopkins C. Macalester EESTA€RAXT DEPARTMENT. Chairmen, Geo. T. Lewis and Miss MoHenrt. Tliomas Sparks $456 00 By Mrs. T. T. Bradford, from Ladies' Aid Society of Water- ford, Pa 3111 85 By Mrs. G. A. Nicolls, Reading. 305 98 By Mrs. Chaplain, from citizens of Germantown 303 55 By Mrs. Susan A. Russell, Potts- ville 259 85 From "Dan Rice's Great Show" 256 75 Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company 250 00 From the employees of the W,a- ter Department, Philadelfiliia, Thomas Earp Delaware County Mutual Insu- rance Company Browning <& Brotliers By Mrs. Dr. Rankin, Shippens- burg 189 70 11,207 35 1,036 09 1,000 00 500 00 500 00 20fi 10 200 00 200 00 200 00 THE GREAT CENTRAL FAIR. 271 Proceeds of a festival at Con- neauville By E. P. Pleasant, Suiibury, Pa C. Knap, Pittsburgh, two jjiins and one mortar Citizens of Juniata County By Miss Mary Kirk, I'liper Darby Citizens of Pennsl>uri; From Allentown and neighbor- hood Mrs. Robert Sturgis John Grigij Mrs. Edward Law Proceeds of a parlor entertain- ment Geo. T. Lewis Alexander Brown G. A. Wood Dr. George W. Norris Total net $183 62 177 00 175 00 153 45 130 00 112 85 110 31 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 Miss E. M. Fox Miss N. W. Fisher Mrs. W. W. Fisher F. W. Ralston Henry Sharpless N. ^Y. Ilarkness (collection). . . . By S. J. Walls, from Lewisburg Ladies' Committee of Milton . . . A. J. McDowell, Summerville. . Thomas Pratt, Media Thomas Earp, Jr John T. Lewis Edward L. Clark George R. Smith Field & Keehmle Mrs. R. IL Gratz T. Wharton Fisher Ladies of Huntington Other contributions and profit. . $100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 98 10 78 20 72 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 GO 50 00 11,878 42 $22,481 07 COMMITTEE ON PEKFtlMERT AND TOILET ARTICLES. Chairmen, H. P. Taylor and Mrs. E. W. Clark. Hararick & Leavitt .... Cash. Henry C. Fox $200 On employees. William I). Glenn. Jacob Haehnlen. . Goods. Van Haagen & McKeone . . R. &G. A.Wright Xavier Bazin J. C. Hull's Son, New York H. P. &C. R. Taylor Glenn & Co A. W. Harrison Reinhold Calm Edward McClain All other donations $100 00 20 00 100 00 50 00 425 00 396 00 363 50 360 00 350 00 301 89 75 00 52 50 50 25 3,081 03 Total net $6,525 17 COMMITTEE ON WOOLEN AND COTTON MANUFACTURES. Chainridn, G. Morrison Coates. Benjamin Bullock's Sons $1,000 00 Wm. C. Houston and Thos. Mott. 1,000 00 Brown, Hill & Co 500 00 Martin Landenberger 500 00 " Office employees. . 120 00 " Factory do . . 314 25 John M. Mitchell & Co $500 00 Employees. . 17 20 Whitehead Brotlicrs, Trenton, X. J., goods 400 00 Coates Brothers 300 00 Southwick, Sheble & Greene. . . 300 00 272 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Duhriug & Co., Beaver Valley Mil,s $300 00 A.T.Lane 250 00 Reece. Seal & Co 250 00 Henry C. Davis 250 00 •Joseph B. Hughes 250 00 T.IIilsen& Co., picture, valued at 250 00 Washington Manufacturing Com- pany, Gloucester, N. J., goods. 250 00 Garsed& Brother, Frankford. . . 200 00 Employees, Treniont Mill. . 121 82 " Wingohocking Mill. 89 T-t James C. Rolterts, Downington, Pa 150 00 Joseph McChire, Downingtown, 150 00 Employees, &c. 02 00 Samuel W. Cattell 150 00 James Ramsden 100 00 Fairfield & Lee 100 00 Justice & Bateman 100 00 Emanuel Hoy & Brothers 100 00 James Long, Brother <& Co 100 00 Jacoh D. Heft 100 00 John Verlinden, Darhy 100 00 James Martin, Frankford 100 00 John Button & Sons §100 00 " " " Employees.. 70 00 Michael Buggy 100 00 Charles T. Deacon 100 00 " " Employees.. . 89 25 Granlees, Norris & Co 100 00 Bishop, Kelly & White 100 00 W. Divine & Sons 100 00 Employees in Kennebec Fac- tory 75 50 Employees in Penn Factory . . 39 88 Aub & Ilackenburg, goods 60 00 J. T. Midnight 52 00 Horace II. Soule 50 00 Eagle Mills .50 00 E. Albert Conkle 50 00 David Trainer 50 00 " " Emploj-ees .38 00 Jaines & Roljert Mair 50 00 Campbell & Elliott 50 00 "W. Fulforth and employees. ... 50 00 Solomon Wilde, Frankford 50 00 xVll other donations, say 100 00 Total net §7,500 00 CO.MMITTEH ox JEWELHY, SU.VEli WARE, ETC. Chairmen, James E. Caldwell and Mks. James Ij. Claoiiokx. Cash. Proceeds of a parlor fair, through Mrs. James L. Clag- horn §722 15 Thomas Megear 100 00 Palmer, Richardson & Co 100 00 Ailing Brothers & Co., ^T. Y... . 50 00 Goods, estimated value. 3. E. Caldwell & Co §2,000 00 Carrow, Thibault & Co 566 50 N. F. Fenwick, Paris, France. . . 400 00 Butler & McCartv 317 00 Farr & Brother 310 00 George W. Simons & Brother. . S06 00 William Wilson & Son 300 no F. P. Dubosii 300 00 E. Tracv & Co 250 00 John M, Hari>er 250 00 179 00 Thomas C. Garrett 175 00 Durand & Co., New York 158 50 Arthur Rumrill & Co., " 150 00 Pratt, South & Co., 150 00 Mabie, Todd & Co., " 147 00 Hall, Dodd & Co., Newark, X. J. 1-34 00 Chatellier & Spence, New York 131 00 Harvey Fillev & Sons 125 00 Baldwin, Sexton & Co., N. Y. . . 120 00 Salzraan, Jacot & Co., " ... 115 no i THE GREAT CEXTUAL FAIR. 273 Hunting & Eirle, Now York. . . ^11'2 dO Reed i& Barton, Taunton, Mass., 110 50 Fittli & AViildo. New York. . . . 10-t 5o Ki-iJei- & irnklle 102 50 Biiekenljiun, Cole & Ilall, N. Y. 100 00 Cixi-ter, Hale & Co., " 100 00 Baldwin it Co., " 100 00 Garrett & Son 100 00 Dreer & Sears 100 00 E. Christnian 100 00 L. Ladonins & Co 100 00 H. it ti. Soule, New Yolk 03 00 Dnrfey it Barnes, " 00 00 Ernest Kaufniann 76 00 Madam E. G. An^eli 75 00 Jaeoli Bennett E. liorliek & Son E. Howard & Co C. Jacot & Brother C. F. Newton Sackett, Davis it Co., New York Saninel W. Chamberlain, •' Cliurchill, Dana & Co., " Spiess it Rosswog, " Vnleanite Jewelry Co. " G. (iigon & Co ■\V. Windel it Brotlier Josepli T. K. Hand, Ca]ie Island Henry Harper Other donations, say Total net. ?;75 00 75 00 70 00 70 00 fiO 00 59 50 5f) 00 5:! 50 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 800 00 $11,1143 83 COMMITTEE ON Puni. Chairmen, Edwaud Siiir Girls' High and Normal Seliool : Proceeds of concert $1,000 00 Sales at fair 2iU 81 •' after fair 2'.i 25 ^\,i'M 0(1 Boys' Central High School : Collections by pupils and pro- fessors $801 00 Sales at fair 37G 00 1,2(17 00 First Ward, sales, concert, collec- tions 1,151 07 Second Ward : Phantasmagoria exhibi- tion $00 00 One day's income from te.aoliers 85 00 Clii Wren's collections.. 124 00 Proceeds of ward fair .400 00 10 AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS. PEN and Mns. P. M. Clapp. Contributions from teacliers $52 10 Parlor entertainment 52 04 Sales at fair 783 50 Ninth Ward Tenth Ward Eleventh Ward Twelftii Ward Tliirteenth Ward Fourteentli Ward : Contributions of the Hancock and Monroe Grammar Schools $2,870 f.l Sales at fair COO 00 $1,544 20 2,334 07 1,023 40 01 (.0 58() 04 1,192 72 ' 759 00 TliirdWard 1,023 30 Fourth Ward 1,720 00 Fifth Ward, including $055.2') from sales at the fair by a col- ored scliool Sixth Ward Seventh Wai-d Eighth Ward : Phantasmagoria exhi- bitions $435 17 Contributions from schools 210 58 Total net 13 1,222 fiS 1.240 f.8 1,008 37 Fifteenth Ward Sixteenth Wanl Seventeenth Ward .... Eighteenth Ward Nineteenth Ward. . . . TuentietJi Ward Twenty-first Ward .... Twenty -second Wan!. Twenty-third Ward . . . Twenty-fourth Ward. . . Twenty-fifth Ward Public schools at largo Private schools All other receipts 3,470 (il 3,112 24 1,237 GO GOl 2G 1,070 00 1,144 30 1,005 85 522 Gl 1,021 CO 204 93 G47 21 434 GO 370 45 1,542 00 432 ii\ $3(i,7GO 40 274 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. rrs ,_, -H .-^ ^ -t^ 10 t- ^ I- t- C' OD 0:1 C/J 1- c-i ^ eo CO ^ 1— ,_, en h- Oi I- -f O Gr> Ci IQ ^ 1—1 ^ Tt^ Ol t- fN •^ T-t -^ lO l-H O ^2 O 10 '-' »^3 1:- O 10 O uu ^ CO t:- ^ GO -+ C' Cs CO ! ;^ 8 ,^ ^ a> o Q ;^ s 3 Cj W 5 «o fa « J3 a to p v^ I--J .— . ►-1 ■3 'i to "^ ■a; > « c '- p c '-3 x M a 1 .a 41 c a> d o H is Ph = H = - ■'■'^' ^ o -r " ^- ^ ^ N c! 5 P5 h-1 H H P-, .g. .H .2 2 0; ,a S 2 O Oj o P3 S O -5 ° :^ c' is ^ S ^ fe «a ^3 1-1= ' ^. a .- ^ ^ B O O O Q o o o c ;:, ? To g a c S fe^ E K Q S a < 5 a ct ^ fi, Ph fe Pi, O M M < oodocooooooooocoooocooo OQP«QOQO«««««PQPQQ«QPOO THE GREAT CENTRAL FAIR. STfi m on C5 eo OT on w cq o ._, o t- oc ITj 00 o 00 ^ X Ci o o O ^ on M< f- t- t- CO c^ o en o CD o? lO o CD a> i~ Ol o o CO CO (M ^' (N ^ Oi r-i oq ■tr; CD c-i O r-.T-.iOCl t-i QC — - 1-1 CL2 ci :d 00 -^ GO t- ■rt< O CO G-1 iO CO lO irf x' c-i" -t i-T zi r-T io" o' cT d ■x ^3 -3 c •X' C5 n O c C3 =3 ^ is o a X' ts pq « ^ o. ^ c: > 5 « £^ to ^ ^ 2 ^ r-=< g ^ >-^ K' 1-J >-5 >-3 O (/J H o o O g ^ ^ a ^ o c -s, e S7 >A A ^ % O !3 CO '; Q B S r/5 Pi e " G -a o o O -3 1^ 3^1 d ^5 h-- Pm 5 o w l:^ ?^ (z, O (i; § = I -I Q h to o -te 5 O -= ^ o f^ Ph ^ ccoooocoo o oooooooo o o o p c « o o c « « c 276 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. '^ I— on -ts ^. => ^ r^ 1- CI o ^ -+ ^1 a CO CO t- --0 O GO ^1 CO C C ^ O^ C-. -t ^ CO ^ -.j^ S. i 3 3 a _3 c c3 c" g ;/r ■; ^ c o > & c C3 o O O Tt H o Q .1 o O 5 «" M s K X pi; ~ fl " ^ & = ^ o G E a P^ Es C3 i P i r 1 •5 £ .S (^ r ^ -s y3 « K ^/^ .„' II) 3 f/J OLl — >^ Ph .1 ri: — ti; := y. £" 'a £ 2 ^ -r — H o c c - c Q p, Q fi O C O "5 k^ Cfi ■73 O TllK XORTIIEILV IOWA FAIR. 277 From Eastern Pennsj'lvania to Northern Iowa is a mai'ch worthy of Sherman's army ; when made, however, the traveller will find that though the sky may have changed, the avocations of those who dwell beneath it have not. Here, as elsewhere, the cause of the army is dear to the hearts of the jieople. The idea of liolding a Sanitary Fair in Dubuque first occurred, to a few citizens of that place, in January-, 1864. The subject was laid before the Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society, and a public meeting was called to consider the subject. The leaders in such matters, however, were at that time unwilling to undertake so arduous an enterprise, and the matter rested until March. Mrs. Livermore, of Chicago, happened at that date to be in Dubuque, and proposed to deliver an address, embodying her experience in sanitary matters and philanthropic festivals. The address was made before an audience of Dubuque's best and fairest. Instead of taking a vote, they now took a contribution, as the simplest method of arriving at the sense of a meeting held in view of pecuniary ends. The plates told the story: $858 in money, and $250 in promises of goods. A fair organization was immediately decided upon, and a committee of sixteen was charged with the duty of selecting the ofiicers. This was done on the 12th of March, the choice falling upon the following, ladies and gentlemen : Presiihnt, ]1. A. WlI.TSE. Vice-I'rcsiJeii ts, F. E. BissEi.i., Mrs. Timothy Davis, Mrs. p. II. Cox(iER. Secretiirits, Austin' Adams, Mrs. J. M. Robisox, Daeius K. Coenwell, Mrs. .J. Clement, Mrs. D. N. Cooi.et. Treamirei; George L. Matthews. Executive Committee^ H. A. Wii.tse, Mits. D. S. Ci'mings, O. P. SiiiRAs, Mrs. II. Markeli.. Mrs. S. M. Laxcworthy, Mrs. II. L. Stovt, Mrs. D. N. Coolev, Mrs. C. IT. Booth, Mrs. J. Clement, Mrs. W.m. Vanuever. The jiresident of each co-operating county in the state was made a vice- ])iesident, thirty-two such ofticers sei-ving for Iowa counties, one for Iowa Good Templars, and one for Madison, Wisconsin. 278 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. The Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair was held ia the City Ilall, a fine build- ing of three stories and a basement. It opened on the 21st of June, without ceremonial. The basement served as a store-room ; the first floor, whicli was unpartitioned throughout its length of one hundred and fifty feet, was occu- pied by booths upon each, side, with a passage-way of twenty-five feet between. The second floor, being divided into rooms, furnished accommoda- tions for the library and floral department, and apartments for unpacking and appraising, and for official transactions. On the third floor, whicli was undi- vided, were the curiosities, battle relics, and children's anuiscmcnts. The restaurant was established in Turner Ilall, an adjoining building; in another communicating structure were hardware, agricultural implements, houseliold furniture, and machinery. Turner Hall ^^. ^ offered, too, a site for the presentation of pantomimes and tableaux, while the Julien Tlieatre was the scene of amateur theatri- cals, lectures, and concerts. The Iowa Fair prides itself on the fact j^V that " no article on sale had ever been ex- ry hibited at any other fair. Many of the fairs SANITARY RF.ArEK. ^'^^'l ^^ about thc samc time as ours became the residuary legatees of the Metropolitan and other fairs, but ours had no share in these inheritances." So much the more glory for Iowa. Such \vas the lavish generosity of the people of the state, and so large was the proportion of goods contributed ready for hosj^ital use, that $25,000 worth were sent to the army even before the fair was opened. This was practical work in good earnest ; instead cf contributing wares from the sale of which money might be obtained with which to purchase stores and clothing — fully one third being absorbed by the dealers' profit — they contributed the stores and clothing at first cost. The refreshment department furnished another proof of the hearty good-will of the people, though with a less happy result. The supply of provisions, cooked and uncooked, was so profuse, that a por- tion was sold, as it could not be eaten, and another portion was spoiled before it could be either eaten or sold. There have been few fairs without their original ideas ; and a method of augmenting the returns by offers of awards seems to have begun, and, for tliat matter, ended, in Dubuque. The Key City Mills Company promised a premium of $30 to the best four barrels of winter wheat flour, and another of "\'OTE YUUII llECilMEXT A FLAG. 279 $40 to the largest donation of flour. The Brick City Mills, of Clermont, won the first, and the Waverley Mills, of Beaver County, with twenty-one barrels, the second. The premiums went with the barrels, of course. The Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Company promised a $115 sewing machine to the maker of the best gentleman's shirt, an $85 machine to tlie second best, and a $65 machine to the third best. These sprightly household engines were won respectively by Mrs. Coder and Pettibone, of Iowa, and Mrs. Millard, of Wis- consin. Mis. Williams, of Shellrock, carried off the prize of $85, offered by Luther & Edgar Tisdale, of Dubuque, for the best three-gallon crock of butter; and Mrs. Fitch, of Nautells, the prize of $15 for the second best three-gallon crock. There are many residents in Atlantic cities who will be glad to learn that there is such a thing as good butter, though it is no nearer than Iowa. Mr. A. H. Suplee, of New York, had promised an elliptic sewing and braiding machine to him who should supply tlie largest amount of hospital clothing. James R. Smith, of Hudson, furnished the clothing, won the machine, gave it to the fair, and saw it sold. Messrs. Wilcox & Gibbs, of New York, offered a $55 sewing machine to the maker of the five best hospital shirts. Mrs. Schroeder, of Illinois, took them at their word, made the best shirts, won the machine, and gave it to the fair. The managers of the fair offered two prizes : First, an American flag, twelve by twenty feet, to the county making the largest contribution, Dubuque County being naturally excluded. This was won by Clayton Count}', with $1,900. Second, a similar flag to the county making the largest contribution in proportion to wealth, Dubuque being permitted to compete. Kossuth County won, with $388. Mr. James E. Sebring, of New York, offered a twelve by twenty American flag to the county making the largest contribution in proportion to wealth, Dubuque being again excluded. Mitchell county won, with $525. The great instrumentality of the vote was not to be overlooked in Iowa. Messrs. Parsons & Co., of St. Louis, presented an embroidered silk regimental flag to the fair, the visitors to decide to what Iowa regiment it should be given. Votes were half a dollar apiece, and six hundred and eighty were cast. The Ninth Iowa won. A clever joke might be perpetrated, in such a canvass, by a regiment at home on furlough. Remembering the old party cry of "Vote yourself a farm," they might strive for regimental colors by the same process. But as this would stimulate opposition, and as opposition would beget half dollars, and as half dollars, when collected by twos, produce a harmonious 280 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. decimal result, no one could fairly object, and the winning regiment, when its furlough was over, could go back with flying colors. If the small number of visitors be taken into consideration, the Iowa Fair was the most successful ever given. Not four thousand persons attended it ; the receipts from the sale of tickets were not $2,500 ; and yet the gross yield was nearly $86,000. This was owing, in part, to the fact which has been mentioned, that a large proportion of the goods contributed were ready for hospital use, and could be forwarded at once to the front ; and in part to the f\ict that the thirty-two counties represented sent to the central treasury an unusual proportion of money — the proceeds of local fairs, sub-sanitary festivals, tea-parties, the collections of village aid societies, &c., &c. Thus, Black Hawk County sent not only its quota of goods, but nearly a thousand dollars in money — collections in Cedar Falls, the receipts of an Old Folks' Concert in Waterloo, and the returns of one day's income from Wm. Ireland & Co. ; elsewhere they liad had an ice-cream festival, at anotlier place a calico tea-party, and farther south, a stagecoach concert. It was, literally, a people's A STAGK-rOAClI ni)S(XET I.N IOWA. fiiir, and the citizens of tlie very heart and limits of the state had borne each their burden. It is proper to add that when the closing auction sales were over, the fair was still the owner of an embroidered chair, a gold watch, a house-lot, one hundred and twenty acres of land, and a bee-hive. The following is an abstract of the receipts of the Iowa Fair : Dubnqiie City $17,359 20 Dubuque Cimntv 587 75 THE DUBUQUE FAIR. 281 Black Hawk County $1,453 40 Clayton County 1,923 80 Jasper County 1,124 00 Jones County 1,017 65 All other counties 38,601 78 Good Templars 1,828 10 Boston, Mass 2,735 00 Chicago, III 3,508 00 Hartford, Conn 325 00 Masons 272 70 Milwaukee 1,262 1 6 New York City 3, 165 00 Entertainments 606 50 Refreshments 1,465 05 Regatta on Lake Peosta 13 50 Odd Fellows of Iowa 265 00 Sale of tickets 2,433 35 Vote upon the flag awarded to Ninth Iowa 340 00 Flour and wheat sold 403 70 Sales by auction 1,585 50 Major-General Curtis 50 00 Needle Pickets, Quincy 50 00 Col. Hawkins" lecture at Redwing, Minn 15 50 Iowa Association of Washington, D. C 330 00 Total $60,725 74 Stores not used, but sent direct to the army 25,000 00 $85,725 74 Deduct expenses 9,230 90 Total net $76,494 84 The greater part of the cask proceeds, or $4:8,348, were sent to the Chicago Branch of the Sanitary Commission, a few hundred dollars being retained for the use of the Soldiers' Home in Dubuque. The contributions of Dubuque may be analyzed as follows : DUBUQUE CITY. Collection at Congregational Church $858 00 Sale of piano given by the Cath- olic Society Sale of silver-ware given by the Catholic Society Collections of one day's income, by Mrs. Booth it Miss Bissell. Other collections of income. . . . Sheffield & Scott Key City Mills (premiums) $858 00 711 00 R. Bonson Wm. Westphal State Bank, Dubuque Branch H. W. Sanford $100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 F. E. Bissell 100 00 son 00 J Iv Graves . . . . 100 00 1,071 70 180 45 J. T. Hancock Reid ife Murdoch 100 00 100 00 100 00 150 00 90 00 150 00 Girls' concert 89 95 282 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. G. Becker W. P. Large $75 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Stevens & Hooper Brackett &, Morse .... $25 00 25 00 0. Chamberlain C. P. Kiuslev & Co. 25 00 H. Lowrey George Crane 25 00 E. A. & J. H. Lull Glover & Smock Dr. J. C. Lay A. Van Pelt &, Co 25 00 25 00 James Levi Hon. W. B. Allison John "William Smith Asa Horr 25 00 25 00 Mial Mason Wm. A. Judd 25 00 Key City Mills Co C. H. Merry ■\V. H. Peabody C. C. Gilman 25 00 25 00 First National Bank, Dubuque.. J. X. Waggoner 25 00 "Wm. L. Bradlev John Bell P. C. Sampson, Jr J. V. Rider 25 00 Major-Gen. llerron 25 00 B. B. Provoost 25 00 A. Green wald H. L. Stout John Doud, Jr Piatt Smith Keller & Cornwell J. B. Lane 25 00 25 00 25 00 G. B. Hamilton M. S. Ivobison 25 00 W. II. Pvumpf John Jackson H. Jackman Julien House James Burt W. Becker 25 00 25 00 25 00 Waller & Christraan J. Duncan C. J. Cumings Sales and other receipts. . . . 25 00 0. H. Eighmey C. Sadler 25 00 , ... 10,893 10 Total . . . $17,359 20 One excellent, and perhaps unexpected, result attended the Iowa Fair. The stipulation had been previously made that the funds raised by it be paid into the Chicago Branch of the Sanitary Commission, though the state had maintained an independent sanitary organization of its own. The interest excited throughout the northern half of the state by the fair, five months of incessant labor in its behalf, the attention thus drawn from the state associa- tion and fixed upon the national commission, served to alienate the people from the one, and attract them to, and identify them with, the other. This result, when attained, was looked upon by many lowans who had given their labors to the cause, as of greater value than even the $70,000 which was its more obvious and immediate ol)jeet. " This result," writes Mr. Norris, in his report, " seems small when com- pared with the results of the New York or Philadelphia fairs ; but it must be recollected that our pojDulation is light, our country new, and our peojjle generally poor. If real ability is taken into account, I am satisfied that our gift upon this holy altar will be justly regarded as greater tlian that of any other fair that has been held for the sanitary cause. As was well remarked by President Wiltse, in his opening address, ' No donations have been sanctified THE FAIR AT ST. PAUL. 283 by greater sacrifices than those made to our fair.' I have been surprised by a great many facts connected with its history. Neighborhoods whose entire male population, almo.st, had gone to the war, and whose crops have to be raised and harvested by the females, have contributed largely to its funds. One fanner, who gave twenty dollars, told me that his three boj-s, all he had, were in the army, and that his wife would be compelled to drive his reaper in the harvest-field, and his daughters assist in binding his grain and in securing his harvest. Kossuth County, two hundred miles in the interior, gave more than a dollar for every human being residing witliin its limits." But Iowa is not the extreme northwest: there is Minnesota, the fairest of the younger sisters, and late in November, 1864, the Executive Committee of the Minnesota Branch of the Sanitary Commission met in the governor's room, at St. Paul. They all declared themselves in favor of holding a Soldiers' Fair during the coming winter, in case the eo-operation of the Ladies' Branch should be obtained. Tliis having been promised, the fair was organ- ized by the appointment of the following ofiieers : President, H. M. RioE. Secretary^ J. D. Brown. Vice-Pi-esiJcnt, W. D. Wasubirne. Treasurer, J. L. Meriam. Executive Committee. GENTLEMEN. H. M. Rice, G. W. Prescott, S. Miller, D. W. Inuersoi.l, W. D. Wasiibitrne, J. L. Meriam, Charles Soiieffer, J. D. Rrown, John A. Peckham, R. Gordon. Mrs. OnAs. II. Oakes, " Wm. J. Smith, " J. M. WlNSLOW, " J. 0. BUKBANK, " II. TlIO.MRSON, Mrs. C. E. Mato, " Isaac Marklet, " J. II. Stewart, " .T. W. Bass, Miss Lockwood. The fair, it was decided, should open on the 8th of January, the anniver- sary of the battle of New Orleans. Tlie Source of the Mississippi, doubtless, thought this a clever method of showing its inteiiest in wliat had transpired, in by-gone days, at the Mouth. When Minnehalia and the Southwest Pass sym- pathize, secession is, of necessity, dead along the course of the stream. The Sth of January falling on Sunday, the 9th was celebrated instead. The Great Western Band and the Rev. Mr. Pope, Governor Miller and tlie 284 TUE TRIBUTE BOOK. Hon Mr. Wasliburne, the Eev. Mr. Noble, Senator Wilkinson, and the Glee Club, took part in the opening ceremonies. To use the terse language of the local chronicle upon the first night's experience, "Mozart Hall was a jam." There were few of the attractions offered by the fairs in the eastern cities that the Minnesotians were not able to present as well. They had, as has been said, a Mozart Hall ; they had an art gallery, fish ponds, a refreshment room, where meals were served "in the European style;"' there was a post office, one hundi-ed and fifty letters arriving by every mail ; an autograph ST. PAUL RAFFLES AND VOTES. 285 table; an elephant in the third story; a giant pig, weighing one liundred and fifty pounds when divested of certain attributes, such as bristles and skin ; and two swords, to be disposed of by the method that New York has made immortal. The first was to be presented to the field-officer, belonging to a Minnesota regiment, who should receive the greatest number of votes. There were forty such officers eligible — all above the z-ank of colonel being excluded — and a list of them was posted near the polls. Governor Miller evinced the impartiality becoming the official who had created these forty candidates, by voting once apiece for them all. A terrific contest commenced at the very outset between the partisans of Colonel Marshall, of the Seventh Minnesota, and Lieutenant-Colonel Uline, of the Second. The firemen of St. Paul cast one hundred votes for the latter, a former comrade, extins'uishino' Colonel Marshall for the time; but he soon blazed forth again, as defiant as ever. But the firemen kept 9n voting, and raised a purse for their favorite by canvassing the city. The people of Eedwing collected $700, equivalent to 2,800 votes, and sent a messenger to make the purchase in the name of Colonel Uubbard, of the Fifth ; but being informed that even this expensive expression of opinion would not elect their candidate, withheld it. The Lieutenant-Colonel won the sword. The second sword was to be given to such officer on General Sibley's staff as the vote should designate. That mere merit might not sway the voter's choice to the exclusion of good looks, photographs of the gentlemen were placed where they could not fail to catch the voter's eye. The fair closed on the fourth nioht, certain raffles and auctions taking place on the fifth day, and the grand sanitary hop on the evening of that day. It was thought that the piano raffle must be postponed, perhaps indefinitely, as there were two hundred and twenty-five tickets unsold. Three young men, however, resolved that the sport should continue, jjurchased and paid for the remaining chances, and then calmly awaited the result. Mr. Beebe, a gentleman who had bought but one ticket, drew the piano. Mr. Fletcher Williams was also fortunate in his appeals to fate, winning a silk dress of great price. After recording this event, the local chronicle says : "It is immaterial, Fletcher, whether they be stewed or fried." This is a very obscure, but we hope not an improper, innuendo. The following were the receipts and expenditures: Total receipts from all sources $13.50f. 62 I)e(luct expenses and bad money 4,0.:i0 44 Net receipts $9,559 18 286 THE TEIBUTE BOOK. SCENE OF THE SECOND CHICAGO FAIR. Early in the year 1865, the ladies of the Northwestern branch of the Com- mission determined to hold a second fair in Cliicago ; and though, before the preparations were more than half completed, the principal armed forces of the rebellion had surrendered, and the country was on the eve of peace, they saw no reason to relax their exertions, nor did they believe that the need of the sum they hoped to raise was in any degree diminished. There were still fifty thousand soldiers in the hospitals ; regiments returning from great distances would still require assistance on the route ; and the winding and settling up of the affairs of the Commission would consume no small amount of money. The fair building proper was erected for the occasion, and covered the whole of Dearborn Park. In this was Union Hall, not unlike Union Avenue of the Philadelphia fair. Michigan Avenue was inclosed, the entire length of the park, and was tiie scene of the liorticultural department — an agreeable combination of grottoes, groves, lakes, hills, valleys, waterfalls. The Restau- rant and the New England Farm-House were established in the Soldiers' Rest. Monitor Hall was the arena of an iron-clad fight, after the manner of that so well contested upon the Boston frog-pond, of which more hereafter. Hard by was " General Grant," the mammoth ox from Boston, dwelling, as was meet, in a structure sacred to himself Bryan Hall was the Department THE SECOND CHICAGO FAIR. 287 of Arms and Trophies ; and in the rear of Bryan Hall was an edifice put up especially to serve the purposes of a Gallery of Art. On the corner of Lake Street and Wabash Avenne stood the original, veritable Lincoln Log Cabin, constructed in })art liy one who was afterwards the sixteenth President of the United States. The fair opened on the appointed day, the 30th of May, the inaugurating procession occupying thirty minutes in passing a given point. Among the opening exercises was the following hymn, by Dr. 0. W. Holmes, read by the president of the day : O God ! ill danger's darkest lioiir, In battle's deadliest field, Tliy name has been our nation's tower, Thy truth her lielp and shield. Our lips should fill the earth with praise. Nor pay the debt we owe, So high above the songs we raise The floods of mercy flow. Yet Thou wilt hear the prayer we speak. The song of praise we sing, — Thy children, who thine altar seek, Their grateful gifts to bring. Thine altar is the suff'erer's bed, The home of woe and pain, The soldier's turfy pillow, red With battle's crimson rain. No smoke of burning stains the air, No incense-clouds arise ; Thy peaceful servants. Lord, prepare A bloodless sacrifice. Lo ! for our wounded brothers' need We bear the wine and oil ; For us they faint, for us they bleed. For them our gracious toil. O Father, bless the gifts we bring! Cause Thou Thy face to shine. Till every nation owns her King, And all the earth is Thine! The orator of the day, Governor Oglesby, made the following referenci- to an interesting subject : " To the art of war in all future time is to be added the morality of organ- ized benevolence. No civilized nation can again go to war that does not carry to the field its sanitary stores. No nation can succeed in war that does not 288 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. provide, in addition to well and humanely regulated hospital accommodations, effective voluntary sanitary assistance. Our people have done all this in this war, and have done it well. I believe the first great combined co-operative effort was organized in the Northwest, and it is fit and appropriate that here it should terminate. " The object for which these wonderful labors have been chiefly performed has substantially passed away. The war is at an end ; the rebellion is over ; the Union is saved, and peace is almost generally established throughout the countiy. The soldiers of liberty, the brave, noble, scar-worn soldiers are returning home, to be citizens again and soldiers no longer ; and as they file through the cities, over the mountains, and across the prairies, let the flag of the Sanitary Commission wave high before them, and the soldiers' home, the great heart of the nation, greet them warmly as they come." Omitting, as we have been compelled in many cases to do, an enumeration of the tens of thousands of objects contributed, we refer only to those peculiar to the occasion. At a stall called the " Department of the Commander-in- Chief of the American Eagle," was a specimen of the somewhat rapacious bird thus referred to. He had been carried unscathed tlirough the battles of a three years' campaign by the Eighth Wisconsin, and, by the sale of his portrait. had contributed $15,000 to the sanitary fund up to the day the fair opened. The Fort Sumter Kitten, born under the rebel flag, a witness of the restoration of the lawful standard, and a willing taker of the oath of allegiance, was also to be seen. Its money value was not, of course, to be compared with that of the Wisconsin Eagle. The mammoth ox, " General Grant," proved by his experience since his second christening, how very much there may be in a name. As the Pride of Livingston County, at the New York fair, he had been indeed admired as a superb specimen of a short-horned Durham ; but how much more intense the adulation since he had been a lieutenant-general ! As the Pride, he was to be seen for ten cents ; as the Commander-in-Chief, four sights of him only could be had for a dollar. In this capacity, odes were written to him, special trains were required for him. He was the big prize in monster raffles, and a barbecue was spoken of in which the area of the steaks he was to furnish would only be equalled by the depth and richness of his gravy. From a sonnet in his praise we take the following majestic lines ; All hale! tlion mighty animil, all hale! You air 4 thousand pounds, and air purty well Popporshoned, thou trenienjus boveen nuggiti I wonder how big you was wen you GENERAL GRANT AND GENERAL GRANT'S UORSE. 280 Was little, and if your inotlicr wnd no you, nmv Tliat you've grono so bij; ami tliifk and pllat. In orl proberbiUity you diinno you're enny r>igger than a sniorl karf ; for if you did, You'd break down fences and switch your tale And move on people's works, and hook and heller And run over fovvkes, thou orful beast! The live stock department of tlic fair was completed by a horse and a dog, the former a Unionist, the latter a rebel ; General Grant's horse, Jack, " well known in the Western armies, a fine saddle-horse, very gentle in harness, but requiring whip and spur." General Grant had ridden this animal from the time of leaving Springfield, on the 3d of July, 1861, till called east, in March, 1S6-1. The dog was a ferocious bloodhound, and had been used by the prison authorities of Richmond for a pui-pose which, for decency's sake, shall not be mentioned in these pages. The machinery on exhibition was almost infinite in variety — even without the efficient little engines which, having been mentioned once, can have no second notice. There was a mill that ground every thing that was placed in the hopper, and would turn out family flour, Indian meal, pepper, coffee, nut- meg even, for those who preferred the process of grinding to that of grating. It ground, crushed, cut, cracked, shelled, bolted ; it could be worked by horses, by steam, by wind, by water ; it did not get out of order, or, if it did, could easily be mended. Then there was a barrel-machine, which, taking the staves as furnished by the saw-mill, pointed the edges, dressed the surface of the heads, put the various parts together, and finally drove on the hoops. The barrels thus made could be filled with flour, meal, or coffee, as above. There was a newly invented water-indicator, with a steam alarm, signifying high or low water, and preventing explosion ; a pendulum saw, for executing orna- mental wood-work , a patent hay-loader — an apparatus which would follow the haymakers into a field, and load a ton from the winrow in five minutes. There were washing-machines, squeezing, rolling-machines ; indeed, the visitors to the West Wing felt that so much could now be done by turning a faucet or starting a crank, that the steam negro — that great desideratum — had at last been invented ; the mechanical drudge had been patented, and was for sala Help could be had without impertinence; there could be no disagreement about wages. There need be no fear of receiving a warning, or being an- swered back. The field and the mill were provided for ; when would it be the kitchen's turn ? The success of the ladies of the New England Farm-TIonse may be inferred 19 290 TUE TRIBUTE BOOK. from a circular issued by tlicrn soon after the commencement of operation?. Their stock had given out, and they calk'd for further supplies. The follow- in" is a brief list of the articles thus modestly demanded: O Wheat and rye flour, Indian meal, pork, beans, hams, tongues, poultry, corned beef, veal, mutton, &c. ; dried pumpkins, dried fruits, pie-plant, vege- tables of all kinds, sage, summer savory, pop-corn, hulled corn, hominy, sor- ghum, maple sugar and syrup, butter, cheese, eggs, milk, tea, coffee, sugar, cider, vineg:ir, pickles, apple butter, cider apple sauce, chocolate, lard, rice, punch-bowls, gourds, skillets, candles, candlesticks, snulfers and trays, and- irons, Dutch ovens, mirrors, pictures, samjjlers, tables, curtains, towelling, table linen, wooden plates, knives, forks, spoons, trenchers, milk-pans, warming- pans, ft-ying-pans, tea and coffee-pots, nipperkins. porringers, stew and bake kettles, bean-pots, iron bread-pans, chip baskets, flax, wool, meat-chopjDers, chopping-bowls, pie-plates, chairs, crockery of all kinds, old-fashioned glass and silver ware, peacock feathers, bellows, old-fashioned clothing of all descriptions. The destination of several swords, pistols, &c., was decided by vote at Chica^'o as elsewhere ; but the idea was modified in one case, so that the vote should designate not who should, but who was ; that it should indicate not only a prcierence, but an opinion. Who was the prettiest girl in Chicago? The authority from which there is no appeal has decided this question in favor of Miss Anna L. Wilson ; and we desire to put publicly on record our sense of the incompleteness, the unworthiness of this book, which, with one hundred and fifty pictures, does not contain that of the Beauty of the West. The sanitary raffle underwent a change in Chicago, as did the sanitai-y vote. The tickets were put into the wheel, but it was not always the first number drawn which won. On the contrary, it was the last, in certain cases ; the object being to augment the interest, and thus perhaps stimulate the pur- chase of tickets in other rafiles. A salamander, burglar-proof i»lar safe was thus disposed of There were two hundred tickets at $5 each, and the safest was the two hundredth. But why attempt to enumerate the numberless, or to begin what we can- not end, the infinite ? We may not name the items, but we may at least speak in flattering terms of the magnificent whole. Aggregates carry heavier metal, and produce a profounder impression than the component parts, be their number what it may. Atoms, invisible, inappreciable in themselves, have each their own value in the lump. The total receipts, therefore, of the fair were over $325,000, leaving about FAREWELL OF THE SANITARY COMMISSION. 291 $300,000 after the expenses were paid. This was not as much as had been expected ; but it was inevitable that the close of the war should diminish botli the interest felt in and the effort made for the success of the enterprise. Chi- cago was the scene of the first and the last of the great sanitary fairs ; the cycle had been completed, and the Samaritan had twice set up his tent in the same great city. There were no Confederate States when the curtain was dropped, and peace reigned throughout the land when the auctioneer laid down his hammer. The last ticket sold was a walking-ticket — and we all know who walked ; a ticket of leave — and no one need ask who left. A fliir — not one of the series which has tluis for been our theme, but a distinct effort, with a special object — was held in Milwaukee in June and July, 1865. The purpose was ti_i olitain the necessary funds for building and en- dowing a soldiers' home for the State of Wisconsin, and, in its proper place, we shall make record of its success. In July, the officers of the Sanitary Commission issued a farewell circular to its branches and aid societies, from which we take the following passages: " Your volunteer work has had all the regularity of paid labor. In a sense of responsibility, in system, in patient persistency, in attention to weari- some details, in a victory over the fickleness which commonly besets the work of volunteers, you have rivalled the discipline, the patience and cour- age, of soldiers in the field — soldiers enlisted for the war. Nor do we suppose that you, who have controlled and inspired our branches, and with whom it has been our happiness to be brought into jiersonal contact, are, because act- ing in a larger sphere, more worthy of our thanks and respect than the women who have maintained our village soldiers' aid societies. Through you we have heard the same glowing and tear-moving tales of the sacrifices made by humble homes and hands in behalf of our work, wkich "we so often hear from their comrades of jjrivates in the field, who, throughout the war, have often won the laurels their officers have worn, and have been animated by motives of pure patriotism, unmixed with hope of promotion, or desire for recognition or praise, to give their blood and their lives for the country of their hearts. " To you and through you to the soldiers' aid societies, and through them to each and every contributor to our supplies, to every woman who has sowed a seam or knitted a stocking in the service of the Sanitary Commission, we now return our most sincere and hearty thanks — thanks which are not ours oul}^, but those of the camps, the hospitals, the transports, the prisons, the pickets, and the lines, where j'our love and labor have sent comfort, protec- tioUj relief, and sometimes life itself. It is not too much to say, that the 292 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. army of women at home has fully matched, in patriotism and sacrifices, the army of men in the field. The mothers, sisters, wives and daughters of America have been worthy of the sons and brothers, husbands and fathers, who were fighting their battles. After having contributed their living treas- ures to the war, what wonder that they sent so freely after them ail else that they had ? And this precious sympathy between the fire-sides and the camp- fires, between the bayonet and the needle, the tanned cheek and the pale face, has kept the nation one ; has carried the homes into the ranks, and kept the ranks in the homes, until a sentiment of oneness, of irresistible unanimity, in which domestic and social, civil and religious, political and military ele- ments entered, qualifying, strengthening, enriching and sanctifying all, has at last conquered all obstacles, and given us an overwhelming, a profound, and a permanent victory. " It has been our precious privilege to be your almoners, to manage and distribute the stores you have created and given us for the soldiers and sailors. We have tried to do our duty impartially, diligently, wisely. For the means of carrying on this vast work, which has grown up in our hands, keeping pace with the growing immensity of the war, and which we are now about to lay down, after giving the American public an account of our stew- ardship, we are chiefly indebted to the money created by the fairs which American women inaugurated and conducted, and to the supjilics collected by you under our organization. To j'ou, then, is finally due the largest part of whatever gratitude belongs to the Sanitary Commission. It is as it should be. The soldier will return to his home to thank Ids wife, mother, sister, daugh- ter, for so tenderly looking after him in camp and field, in hosi^ital and jirison. ,\.nd thus it will be seen that it is the homes of the country which have wrought out this great salvation, and that the men and women of America have an equal part in its glory and its joy. Invoking the blessings of God upon you all, we are, gratefully and proudly, your fellow-laborers, &c., &c.'' We have done, therefore, with the Sanitary Commission ; we have shown, at length, how its means were obtained, and, in brief, how they were ex- pended. Now we cross the Mississippi River, leaving the presidency of Dr. Bellows for that of Mr. Yeatman. We arc under the hospital flag of the Western Sanitary Commission. CHAPTER VII. f -^- EFORE adequate prejiaratioii liad been made for such a contingency west of the Mississippi, the war brolce out suddenly in Missouri. Tiie organization of the Western Sanitary Commission, as a body totally distinct from and independent of the United States Sanitary Commis- sion, was rendered necessary by this fact, and by the severity of the battles fought there in the summer and fall of 18(51. The bloody engagements of Booneville, Dug Spring, Carthage, and Wilson's Creek occurred before measures had been taken to care for the sielc and wounded in any portion of the state. Tlie men were brought in ambulances and wagons from the field to Holla, and thence by rail to St. Louis. The first hundred were taken to the ''New House of Refuge Hospital," where bare 294 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. walls, damp floors, and an emjDty kitchen received them. Cooked food was, after some delay, obtained from the neighbors, and every thing was done that the means at hand permitted. Long trains of wounded men continued tu ar- rive, many of them wearing the clothes in which they had been stricken down three weeks before, others sufl'ering from unextracted bullets. There was no room for them in the hospitals, there was no clothing to substitute for their blood-stained garments, there were no convenient stores of food and medicine, there was no surgical corps, no preparation in any department, so unexpected was the call. It was at this juncture that the Western Sanitary Commission sprang into existence, its first labors being spontaneous, and almost without concert. On tlie 5th of September General Fremont, then in St. Louis, issued an order creating the commission, and appointing its officers. Its duties were thus defined : " Its general object shall be to carry out, under the properly constituted military authorities, such sanitary regulations and reforms as the well-being of the soldiers demands. It shall have power to select, fit up, and furnish suitable buildings for hospitals. It shall attend to the appointment of women nurses, under tlie direction of Miss D. L. Dix. It shall have authority to visit the different camps, and to aid the officers in providing proper means for the preservation of health and prevention of sickness, by supplying wholesome and well-cooked food, and by introducing a good system of drainage. It will obtain from the community at large such additional means of increasing the comfort, and ]iromoting the moral and social welfare of the men, as cannot be furnished by government regulations. " This commission is not intended to interfere in any way with the medical staff, but to co-operate with it. It will consist, for the present, of James E. Yeatman, C. S. Greeley, J. B. Johnson, M. D., George Partridge, and the Rev. Wm. G. Eliot, D. D.'^ Thus constituted, the "Western Sanitary Commission commenced its labors, the first work being the fitting up, in St. Louis, of a large five-story building as a "General Hospital," which was rapidly filled with patients. The siege of Lexington and the pursuit of Price threw many more wounded men upon the St. Louis authorities, and five more hospitals were at once made ready for their accommodation. The first hospital cars used in America, with berths, nurses, cooking facilities, &c., were built, at this period, by oi-der of General Fremont. The proportions now assumed by the war in the west naturally augmented the labors and enlarged the sphere of action of the commission. Late in THE WESTEliN SANITARY COMMISSION. 295 December, 20,000 troojjs were encamped at Benton Barracks, and ten men in every hundred were sick with measles, typhoid fever, or diarrha?a. The camps at RolLa, Tipton, Sedalia, and Jefferson City, were in a condition even worse. The tents were badly ventilated, the liospitals crowded, the soldiers inexperienced, not yet inured to hai-dship, and cai'cless of all sanitary and police regulations. The army medical supply table was found utterly inade- quate, and the calls upon the commission for medicines, for clothing, and delicate food for the sick, were incessant. Large issues were made of blankets, sheets, pillows, slippers, socks, wrappers, shirts, drawers, bandages, lint, canned fruit, jellies, stimulants, oat led to the fitting out of many others, and the wounded soldier can nowhere obtain better accommodation than on board of a hospital steamer. It has all ■;t!|^f--*4B \ '% ■ ^ifitii MlSSISSU'l-l RlVKi; UCSPITAL STEA-MEP.. the appliances of a hosjiital on shore, with much better ventilation ; and in the heat of summer, wlien there is no wind, it can create a breeze for itself by simply setting its paddles in motion ; and by constantly changing the scene, and giving its inmates a view of the rapidly shifting river or harbor scenery, occupy their minds, and perhaps chase away a portion of their pains. The terrible battle of Pea Ridye found the supplies of the commission ready and waiting. What would have been the suffering without them, in a country thinly settled, the few inhabitants dwelling in log huts and barely possessing the necessaries of life, can hardly be imagined. A thousand badly wounded men of the Union army and seven hundred of the rebels were cared for, and even fed, by the commis.sion. "Among the incidents of the battle worthy of mention were the labors of Mrs. Phelps, who had accom- panied her husband. Colonel John S. Phelps, with his regiment, to the field. While the battle was yet raging, this heroic woman assisted in the care of the wounded ; tore up her garments for bandages, dressed their wounds, made broth for them with her own hands, remaining with them as long as there was any thing to do, and givinsr, not onlv words, but deeds as well, of SOLDIERS' HOMES. 2U7 substantial kindness and sympathy. Wherever the cause of our National Union and its perils shall be known, ' this that tliis woman hath done shall be remembered as a memorial of her.' " Early in March, 18(32, the commission established a Soldiers' Home for discharged and furlonghed soldiers passing through the city, giving them food and lodging gratuitously, saving them from extortion and the dangerous associations of the cheap lodging-houses. During its two first years it enter- tained twenty-one thousand soldiers, furnishing them eighty-six thousand meals; the exjiense to the commission was about $3,000 a year, the govern- ment giving about $2,000 woith of I'ations and fuel besides. Iii the holiday season chickens and turkeys were added to the usual bill of fore ; this, how- ever, included, at all seasons, butter, vegetables, milk, dried and canned fruits, and tomatoes. Books, newspapers, and religious reading were provided, thus often preventing the men from roaming through the city in search of amuse- ment or adventure. Miss A. L. Ostram was, for a time, matron of the Home, but was afterwards transferred to the large establishment at Memphis. Upon the subject of Soldiers' Homes, Mr. Peabody, tlie superintendent of that of St. Louis, makes the following remarks: "They have contributed not a little to saving men to the service, as well as rescuing them fi'om death. In prosecuting their wars, the ancients had no hospital trains or medical staff in attendance on their armies. The sick and wounded were left behind to die. In these times, and in our unhappy struggle, the soldiers are tenderly cared for, not only by the medical department of the army, but by thousands of patriotic hands, working systematically, through thoroughly organized chan- nels, which often reach far beyond the routine of the service. The future historian will be able to show that the very small pier cent, of loss in our armies, as compared with that in modern European wars, is to be attributed largely to what the people themselves have done through organized voluiitary labors in behalf of tlie troops." In April, 1S62, the commission offered a series of rewards, to be paid in gold, in order to stimulate emulation among the stewards, ward-masters, and nurses in the hospitals: twenty -five dollars to the steward of the best kept of the larger institutions, fifteen dollars to the smaller; ten and eight dollars for cleanliness in the wards, and twenty-five and fifteen dollars for good, whole- some work in the kitchen. The result of this experiment was highly satisfac- tory, .$24o being distributed among some thirty-five persons in July. The sanguinary battle of Shiloh was fought in April, and the labors of the commission and the drain upon its resources were largely augmented. Still 298 THE TRIBUTE liOOK. every apjieal was answered, and during the first eight months of its existence tlie commission had received nine hundred and eighty-five cases of goods from eigliteen states: Massachusetts sending two liundred and twenty-three, Illinois one hundred and thirty-two, Wisconsin seventy-four, Ehode Island sixty-nine, Pennsylvania sixty-three, Missouri sixty-one, &c. The articles distributed numbered neaily two hundred thousand. BOLT irr 11 Mb AT Ml- -^ A Home was opened in Memphis early in 1S63. The large edifice for- merly known as the Hunt Mansion, and belonging to a wealthy jilantcr, who was at this time a colonel in the i-ebel army, was taken for the purjiose. Wm. E. Hunt had spent $-iO,000 in building and ornamenting the house and grounds, little dreaming to what object he was so generously contributing. It had at first been Gen. Grant's hcad-quartei'S, and afterwards those of Gen. Hamilton, who turned it over to the commission, as confiscated property. The Memphis Home speedily became one of the most perfect establishments of the kind in the country. Besides the regular guests, the wives, mothers, and sisters of the sick and wounded soldiers were often entertained, and mem- bers of the Christian Commission welcomed to its hospitality. The attention of the Western Commission had been called, in December, 1862, to the situation of the frecdmen at Helena. Three or four thousand of THE WESTERN COMMISSION AND THE FREEDMEN. 299 them, men, women, and children, were huddled together in cast-oft' army tents, in caves and huts of brush, in a spot in the rear of the town called Camp Ethiopia. The men had worked upon the fortifications, had been employed as stevedores, teamsters, wood-choppers, and grave-diggers, but proper pay- rolls had not been kept and they had received no compensation. Some who had ventured to ask for it had been ruthlessly shot. In January, 18G3, the commission sent Miss Maria Mann to their relief, with stoves, furniture, hos- pital stores, clothing, &c. Their sufferings were thus somewhat mitigated, and soon afterwards the policy of the government toward them was changed. The able bodied among them were organized into regiments, and army surgeons were detailed to attend them. Camp Ethiopia furnished the First Arkansas Colored Infantiy, and excellent fighting material was subsequently obtained in similar congregations of emancipated slaves. Mr. Yeatnian, the President of the Commission, made a journey down the Mississippi River, to ascertain and to report upon the condition of the freed- men there, thinking that it might be well to assume the labor of relieving them as an incidental portion of his work. The journey was made and the report published. Mr. Yeatman found foi-ty thousand enfranchised slaves assembled in camps, in various degrees of poverty and misery. Missionaries and teachers were among them doing some good, but laboring without sy.stem or co-operation. The freedmen were -working for the government virtually without pay, and were wronged and imposed upon in every way ; they were worse off than in slavery, feeling that they had merely exchanged one master for many masters. The publicity given to these terrible facts in Mr Yeatman's rejiort riveted public attention, and l.)eforc long National Ereedmen's Relief Associations were formed in New York, Chicago, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis, and relations were at once established between the commission and them — Mr. Yeatman and his colleagues becoming the almoners of a portion of their bounty. We shall speak of these societies in the proper place. It is proper to say that, at the commencement of the attempts to relieve the freedmen, Chap- lain Fisher was detailed by Gen. Schofield, who had succeeded Gen. Fre- mont, to visit New England, to state the case, and make an apjieal for aid. He went, spoke, and was heard. He returned with $30,000 wortli of shoes, clothing, and clothing materials, and $13,000 in money, obtained in Boston, Salem, and the neighboring towns. In regard to the funds upon which the Western Commissioit has drawn there are many curious facts, and some of them are pointedly stated in the North American Review, from which we make the following extract : 300 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. "In one respert — we mean tlie sources of receipts and tlie manner of their collection — the experience of the Western Sanitary Commission has been remarkable, if not jieculiar. It sprang from sudden exigency for relief of suffering, without oj^portunity to count the cost either of labor or money involved. At its first meeting its members, a half-dozen in numlier, agreed to advance the small amount needed for office expenses, and to do without a clerk. Tliey put notices in the St. Louis papers asking contributions, and sent a few lines to the Boston Transcript, requesting New England women to send ' knit woolen socks.' Similar notices or appeals have been published from time to time, about once in six months, ever since. This has been the whole machinery of collection from first to last. There have been no auxiliary societies, no collections, no systematic means of replenishing the treasury whatever. Once, however, in Boston, in Januai-y, 1863, a number of gen- tlemen took the matter in hand, and in a fortnight's time $35,000 was paid to Richard C. Greenleaf, who acted as Treasurer, and was forwarded to St. Louis. "A similar action was also recently taken in St. Louis, and during the 'frozen week' of last January, with the thermometer ranging from twenty degrees below zero to two degrees above, the sum of nearly $30,000 was collected. For the rest, whatever has come has been obtained by strictly individual action, without concert or definite plan. Perhaps one further exception should be made of a New England lady,* who in the beginning of the war, set apart a room in her house as the ' Missouri Room," and, letting all her friends know of this convenient method of sending articles to St. Louis as fast as boxes could be filled up, she has received and forwarded goods to the amount of $17,000, and in cash nearly as much more. Beyond this the com- mission at St Louis knows notliing of the modus operandi, or the moving causes, to which it is indebted for the continued, uninterrupted stream of gifts by which its warehouses have been kept full and its treasury replenished. It has been a spontaneous and self-directing movement. No better proof could be given of tlie closeness of the ties which bind our people together than tliis cordial .sympathy and almost unsolicited generosity, which make for themselves channels to flow in, and only ask that their gifts may be freely used. Boston alone has sent over $200,000 ; New England, $500,000. The golden rule, to do as you would be done by, thus practised, will bind the East and West together in bonds that no secession or rebellion will ever disturb again. At this moment no two cities are nearer each other tlian St. Louis and Boston ; no two states, than Missouri and Ma=:sachusetts."' * Mrs. Tbomas Lauil). A BOSTON SUBSCRIPTION LIST. 301 We give the list of Boston subscribers to the St. Louis Commission as a specimen of a class of contributions to which we have as yet hardly referred. The donors were perfectly aware, at the time of signing their names, that imt one dollar of their money, not one comfort purcliased with it, would cvei' reach a Massacliusetts or New England soldier, and in this lay the exceptional nature of the fund. It contrasts violently with sentiments entertained else- where, which have been mentioned — with tlie resolution passed at Mossville, for instance, "that Mossville money should reach Mossville soldiers.'' The Boston-St. Louis list is as follows: SUBSCRIPTIONS TO THE ^yESTERX SANITARY COMMISSION, BOSTON, 18U2-G3. J. C. IIowo A- Co Gov. Aiidivw (tVcim private t'liii plaoeil in liis IkukU) Mrs. N. I. Buwditfh . . $1,000 III .Is . . 1,000 1 . . I,0ll0 00 Wni. Stui'iris 800 00 C. F. Ilovey & Co J. M. Foi-bes •T. M. Bccbe & Co 500 00 500 00 500 00 Gai-diiei- Colby Daniel Pennv 500 00 500 00 Navlor & Co 500 00 Natlianiel Thaver 500 00 David Sear.s F. Skinner & Co Natlianiel Francis 500 00 500 00 300 00 Moses Williams 300 00 Oakes, Ames & Son . 300 GO lasifii, Goddard & Co 300 00 .James Lawrence P. C. Brooks 250 00 250 00 Martin Brimmer. . . . 250 Oil Faulkner, Kimball & Co J. L. Little & Co Jordan, Marsli & Co 250 00 250 00 250 00 Joel riayden Hon. Samuel II(io[}er H. P. Kidder 250 00 250 00 250 00 G. Howland Shaw 250 00 .\lbert Fearing 250 00 D. N. Spooner 20U 00 J. Ilnntiiifrton Wolcott Wm. .\morv 200 00 200 00 J. L. Gardner 200 00 W. Ropes i& Co 200 00 Gardner Brewer 200 00 Spra^'ue, Soule & Co 200 00 (ieoriie Howe $200 00 T. .NLindell iOO Oo Miss M. A. Wales 200 OO C. W. Cartwright 200 OO Foster & Taylor 200 00 W. F. Weld & Co 150 00 Samuel Johnson 150 Oil John C. Dalton 150 OO Chandler & Co.. 100 On W. P. Pierce loii 0!i "W. S. BuUard loo in C. A. Baboock lOo lu Theodore Matchett, Brijrht.m . . imi on W. B. Spooner liiii on Sewall, Day & Co 100 00 II. IL Ilunnewell 100 00 W. H. Gardner liio iiii G. M. Barnard loii iiii J. M. Barnard 100 00 James McGregor 100 00 Miss J. Mason 100 00 Jacob Bigelow 100 on James Parker liiO on Miss Ablia Loring inii (in Abbott Lawrence 100 On W. W. Churchill inn no Little, Brown & Co 100 00 T. JetlVrson Coolidge 100 00 J. S. Farlow 100 On Mrs. Heard. Watertown 100 On Dr. Geo. Ilayward 100 00 Oliver Ditson 100 On R. W. Hooper 100 on Mrs. C. Hooper 100 On Miss E. IIooi)er 100 On Bigehnv Brothers A- Kennard.. 100 mi 302 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Miss C. M. Ad.'iins SfKiO 00 Charles Aumvy 1 00 do J. G. Ciishiiig ]00 00 H. P. Sturgis 1 no 00 Win. Parsons 100 00 J!. F. Reed 100 00 Ahny, Patterson & Co 100 00 Hogg, Brown & Taylcn- 100 00 Burrage Brothers .fc e'o loO 00 -John Borland 100 00 Geo. W. "Wales 100 00 Otis, Daniell & Co 1 00 00 Grant, Warren & Co 100 oo A Friend 100 00 A. Clatlin & Co 100 00 W. Claflin & Co 100 00 Joshua Stetson 1 00 00 .Joseph S. Fay 100 00 A. Wilkinson 100 00 Mrs. Sally Blake 100 00 Thaddens Xichuls 100 00 Augustus Lowell loo 00 Chas. G. I.oring 100 00 Israel "Whitney 1 00 00 Benj. Burgess lOo oo W. Perkins 100 00 Friend in Windsor Locks, Conn. 100 00 J. W. Brooks 100 00 .Mrs. S. AVheehvright 100 OO John A. Blanchard 100 OO Ehsha Atkins 100 00 Nash, Spaulding & Co loO 00 Glidden & Williams 100 oO Samuel Caliot .;..., 100 00 Geo. P. U|iham 100 00 John Duff. 100 00 Quincy A. Shaw 100 00 Wm. Hilton & Co 100 00 Wilson, Hamilton & Co 100 00 Mudge, Sawyer & Co 1 00 00 James Ilaughton 100 00 J. Field 100 00 Alpheus Hardy 100 00 Geo. S. Holmes 100 00 AV. T. Andrews 100 00 Ellis, Newell & Co 100 00 Mrs. L. B. Merriani 100 00 11. F. Durant 100 00 P. B. Brigliam 100 00 B. S. Roteh 100 00 yf. p. Mason 100 00 Burr Brothers & Co $100 CO Miss Sarah B. Pratt 100 00 Parker, Wilder & Co 100 00 John Gardner 100 00 "William Bramhall 100 00 J. R. Hall 100 00 "W. D. Piekmaii. Salem 100 00 John Bertram, •■ 100 00 Richard S. Rogers, '■ 100 00 Francis Peahody. - 100 00 George Peahody, " 100 00 John C. Lee, " 100 00 "William Munroe, Boston 100 Oo .Vnderson, Sargent & Co 100 00 John II. Reed 100 00 A. G. Farwell iS: Co 100 00 Samuel A. Way 100 00 C. P. Curtis 100 00 Joseph Dix & Co 100 00 I). Vi'. "Williams 100 00 Ladies of Fitohburg 100 00 E. R. Mudge 100 00 Henry Callender 100 00 P. C. Brooks 100 00 Mrs. J(ihn Heard 100 00 Sewall, Day & Co 100 00 Margaret B. Blanchard. Harvard 100 00 H. P. Kidder 100 00 Joseph B. Glover 100 00 Geo. W. Colburn 75 00 John Ilomans, M. D 75 Oo John Felt Osgood 75 00 J. C. Iloadley, New Bedford. . . 50 00 George Bemis 50 00 Rev. F. A. Whitney, Brighton.. 50 00 Geo. H. Kuhn 50 00 Geo. S. Winslow 50 00 Francis Bacon 50 00 C. H. Warren 50 00 W. S.Eaton 50 00 John C. Gray 50 00 E. L. Perkins 50 00 Mrs. James McGregor 50 00 Chas. E. Ware 50 00 N. C. Keep. M. D 50 00 G. D. Wells 50 00 John Simmons 50 00 Burr, Brown & Co 50 00 Geo. C. Shattuck 50 00 Mrs. N. Hooper 50 00 Miss M. I. Hooper 50 00 THE S. T. Moi-si' J. S. Amoi'v Geo. A. Gardner. . . . Josiah Quiiioy Isaac Tliatoliei' James Davis J. Ainory Davis Franklin Haven G. W. Lyman F. H. Stoi-y Fisher & Cliapin Sidney Biirtlett P. T. Jackson Geo. B. Emerson .... Amos W. Stetson .... Lydia Jackson C. W. Loring Potter, Nnte, Wljite ife liayley James Hayward Smith Brotliers & Co Mrs. A. I. Hall r. S. Nichols Joseph Simes Isaac Sweetser Henry Lee Geo. B. Gary E. A. Boardman Frothingli.un & Co W. W. Tncker C. C. Chadwick Wright & Wliitman Clafliii, Savilk- & Co. . . . May & Co Horatio Harris Edward Atkinson J. B. Glover H. S. Richardson Josiah Stickney E. D. Peters it Co Stephen Tilton & Co.. . . J. H. Beal Marshall Keyos Aaron D. Weld N. Harris Robert Brookluinse. Salei Mrs. Henry I). Cole, '• Mrs. C. Salton-tall. Mrs. Lucy B. Johnson, " Z. F. Silfsbee, J. S. Cabot, L. B. Harrington, " WESTEK.V SA> $50 00 ;iTAUV COMMISSIOxX. Miss Hannah Hodges, Salem . . . J. C. Tyler ^V Co E. S. Rand, Newburyport E. S. Rand, Boston J. L. Gardner, Jr Thomas F. Cnshing 303 i?50 Oil oil no 50 (Ml 50 00 50 00 50 00 .... 50 Oil 5u (10 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 Ilenrv Dphani 50 (10 50 00 Chas. Stoddard 50 (III 50 00 5(1 On 50 00 E. Williams & Co 50 00 50 00 riuiiier ct Co 50 0(1 50 00 50 00 Rice it Davis 50 0(1 50 0(1 50 00 John Jeffries, Jr Hart, Baldwin & Botiime Augustus Story, Salem lleiirv Callender 50 00 50 00 50 (HI 50 00 50 0(1 50 00 50 0(1 dey. . 50 00 50 00 50 00 Mrs. Chas. F. Ilovev 50 00 A. A. Lawrence Wm. Bellamv ... . . 50 Oo 50 00 50 00 50 00 Henry A. P. Carter Miss Loring Joseph H. Thayer 50 00 5(1 UO 50 00 50 O'l .... 50 110 W. B. Spooner James Parker Emily M. Adams Geo. S. Winslow Thomas Bultinch 5(1 (III 50 00 50 00 50 00 ... 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 (10 50 00 50 00 E. L. Perkins 50 00 50 00 Mrs. SamT Hall, Jr Col. J. W. Sever 50 (III ... 50 00 50 (111 50 00 Mrs. John Heard, hospital stores Thomas J. Lee Miss Richardson 50 00 50 00 50 01 50 00 OO 00 50 00 J. Randolph Coolldge Williams &. Everett. ]inici'eds ot' e.\hiliitionof Sign of Promise. Jos. (ireeley J. F. Edniauds C H. Cummin"s .jO 00 50 on 50 00 50 00 80 4r, so 00 50 00 30 (10 50 00 3(1 0(1 50 00 Samuel Gould A B Almon Salem i;5 1 50 00 25 00 50 00 Shreve, Stanwocd & Co Mrs. Jidin C. Daltmi 25 00 50 00 25 00 50 00 Mrs. W. H. (loodwiii 25 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 Robert C. Winthrop I. I). Farnsworth 25 0(1 25 00 25 Oo 50 00 Geo. W. Tilden ".■) 00 .50 00 50 00 E. Townsend Sdas Potter 25 On 25 00 304 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. F. A. Ilawley & Co ■Josiilli Qiiiucy, Jr The Misses yniiicy Alex. Strong & Co .John Ware John Cuniiiiings, Jr Charles Choate James Maguire Will. II. Dunbar Stone, Wood & Co Eastman, Fellows i^- Week; Edward Craft Amos Cununiiigs. ...... J. C. Converse &. Vn Maguire & Camiibell Tappan, McBurney & Co . II. Montgomery Rev. 0. Bartol Mrs. M. i:. Wendell i?2.j 00 2.5 00 25 UO 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 Oo 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 C. O. Whitmore C. C. Gilbert Palmer & Bachelders E. M. Welch Mrs. Welch Mrs. Louisa Peabody Mrs. C. G. Loring Baldwin & Curry Mr.s. O. W. Holmes J. S. Lovering Mrs. F. A. Sawyer Franklin Evans Ri|)ley Ropes Jacob A. Dresser Sums under $25, those given anonymously, and contribu- tions of stores $25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 1,726 00 Total $:)i,511 45 Before the wliole of tliis sum had been received, Mr. 'i'eatman issued a circular of thank.-^ to the contributors, in which occurred tlie following lan- guage : " The munificent liberality with which our appeals have been met in Bos- ton and vicinity has surprised and delighted us. It has laid us under a debt of obligation which we ha\e no way of returning, except by faithful perform- ance of the duties imposed upon us, and we believe this is the only return you desire. The whole amount we have received from New England, since our commission was organized, eighteen months ago, to this date, is about $55,000 in money, and, by moderate estimation of the cost of articles sent foi- hospital use, fully $100,000 in goods. This has come almost unsolicited from thousands of contributors, in small sums and large — from churches and schools and charitable associations — from chihlren of five years old and from aged women of fourscore years. God bless them ! whose work has been sent to us with words of benediction and encouragement to 'the brave Western boys.' This docs not look like separation or divided feeling between the East and the West ! The blood which flows so warmly from the heart diffuses its glow to tlie remotest extremity. " We are One Country, in all our interests and affections. Momentary estrangements may occur, l)Ut returning good sense quickly allays them. Wo are members one of another. There is no East and no West ; may the time soon come, as by God's blessing it must, when we can again sa}-, 'There is no North and no South !"' THE MlSSISSli'i'l VALLEY FAIR. 305 Up to the time of holding the Mississippi Valley Fair, in May, 1864, the Western Sanitary Commission had received $275,000 in money, $50,000 of which was fi'om Massachusetts, and $50,000 fi'oni California; wiiile the stores and goods contributed from the same states, and by ladies' and soldiers' aid societies from Maine to Minnesota, amounted in value to more than a million and a quarter. The commission had, up to the same date, made the following issues of articles : To tlie western armies 985,984 " the western navy 28,838 " freedmen 80,50.5 " Union refugees 5,848 Total 1,101,175 It now became necessary to take measures for replenishing the treasuiy of the comm'ssion. None of the fairs held in the large cities of the east, nor, strange to say, either that of Chicago or Cincinnati, had contributed any thing to its coffers ; and while its sphere of action was enlarging, its resources were failing. A Mississippi Valley Fair was suggested, and the entei-prise was undertaken in January, 1864. At the preliminaiy meeting a letter was read from General Grant, expressing hearty sympathy with the object proposed, and bearing witness to the thousands of tons of sanitary stores furnished to his army l)y the commission. The following officers and committees were appointed at this meeting : President, First Vice-Prtsidrnt. Major-Gexeral W. S. IvOsecuans. Governor Willard P. IIali.. Second Vice-President, Third Vice-President, Mayor CiiAnNX-EY I. Filley. Beigadier-Gexerat. Clinton B. Fisk. Treasurer, Corresponding Secretary, Samuel Copp, Jk. Major Alfred Mackay. Standing Committee. Members of tlie Western Sanitary Commission. James E. Yeatman, Wm. G. Eliot, George Partridge, Carlos S. Greeley, John B. Johnson. Executive Committee of Gentlemen. James E. Yeatman, Chairman. J. II. LionTNER, GusTAvrs W. Dreyer, DwronT DrRKEE, E. W. Fox, II. A. IIomeyer, Amadee Valle, Samuel Copp, Jr., B. R. Bonner Wyllys King. 20 3UG THE TRIBUTE BOOK. George D. Hall, S. R. Fillet, Charles B. IIubbell, Jr., Ja.mes Blackmax, Wm. D'Oe.nch, Wm. Patrick, J. O. Pierce, AoOLPiirs Meier, Charles Speck, Wm. Mitchell, Wm. Adriance, George E. Leighton, M. L. LiNTox, Wm. H. Bextox, George P. Plant, Morris Collins, J. C. Cabot, N. C. Chapman, John D. Perry, S. H. Laflix, James Ward. Eieeutire Cvmmittee of Ladies. Mrs. Chacxcey I. Fillet, President. Miss Anna M. Debexham, Recording Secretary. Miss Phcebe W. Corzixs, Corresponding Secretary. Mrs. Samuel Copp, Jr., Treasurer. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Robert Anderson, Mrs. George Partridge, Mrs. J. E. I). Corzixs, Mrs. E. M. Weber, Mrs. Truman Woodruff, Mrs. Clinton B. Fisk, Mrs. F. A. Dick, Mrs, Alfred Clapp, Mrs. Dr. E. Hale, Mrs. A, S. W. Goodwin, Mrs. H. T. Blow, Mrs. Amelia Reihl, Mrs. X. C, Chapman, Mrs. Washington King, Mrs, S, A, Ranlett, Mrs. T. B. Edgar, Mrs, C. S, Greeley, Mrs. W. T. Hazard, Mrs. Chas. D. Drake, Mrs, Wm, McKee, Mrs, Samuel C, Davis, Mrs, McKee Dunn, Mrs. R. n, MoiiTox, Mrs, Dr, O'Reilly, Mrs. S. B. Kellogg, Mrs. S. A. Collier, Mrs. W, A, Do AX, Mrs. Dr. Haeussler. Mrs. Adoi.phus Abeles, Mrs, F, P, Blair, Mrs, Elizabeth W, Clarke, H, Dretep,, John Wolff, Ulrich BrscH, John J, Hoppe, Charles Eggers, Wm, D'Oexch, Dr. Hill, Adolphus Meier, John C. Vogel, R. Barth, H. C. Gempp, O, D, Fillet, Henry Stagg, E. W. Fox. A distinct committee was afterwards appointed to conduct a department for the express benefit of freedmen and Union refugees, that contributions might be solicited for this particular purpose, and kept apart from the general receipts. In the circular, which was at once issued by these committees, the follow- ing appeal was made : "Contributions of every sort and kind will be received, and all can be advantageously used. Large buildings for the fair will be erected, and the bulkiest articles will find abundant room. All the fruits of the garden and farm ; the produce of the mine, iron or gold, or whatever else ; every variety of manufactures, from the needle to the steam-engine ; works of art and fancy ; home-made and imported goods; hardware, and silver-ware, and queens-ware; groceries and dry goods; India-rubber goods; boots and shoes; curiosities and relics ; books and pictures ; live stock, of whatcT'cr kind, from the farm- yard or prairies ; and, in short, whatever is bought and sold by rich or poor, wise or simple, young or old, will find a welcome place in the Mississippi THE MlSSISSIPn VALLEY FAIR. 307 Valley Fair, and contribute to its success. Every dollar, or dollar's woi'th, will relieve the suffering of some sick and wounded soldier, and perhaps save him from death — it may be a stranger to you of whom you will never hear — it may be your kinsman or your dearest friend. ******** "During the continuance of the fair, rooms of exhibition will be opened, restaurants provided, entertainments prepared, including concerts, oratorios, lectures, and almost every variety of amusement, with whatever else the inge- nuity of man or woman can devise, and by which the profits of the fair can, with propriety, be increased, or the satisfaction of visitors secured. The intention is to bend all the energies of the city in one direction, and to enlist the industry and taste of all classes, trades, and occupations, during the con- tinuance of the fair, in one principal work, for the relief of the sick and wounded. The hearty loyalty of St. Louis demands such an opjDortunity of expressing itself. The old hosj^italities of the city are impatient to be renewed, and a cordial greeting is now sent to all those who, perhaps without fault of theirs or ours, have been estranged from us for the three 3'ears past. Let them come and help us keep a jubilee of patriotic rejoicing — A Union LOVE-FEAST, which will bring back the kindly relations of former times. A new era will soon dawn upon our state and nation — the era of union, of free- dom, and enduring peace. Let it be inaugurated here by a hundred thousand welcome guests, and there will be room enough — and to spare — for all that come." A building was erected especially for the use of the fair. The main structure was five hundred feet long and one hundred and fourteen feet wide, with wings one hundred feet long and fifty-four wide, with an octagon centre seventy-five feet in diameter and fifty feet high. Before the f lir opened, the finance committee had collected $200,000 in money, the principal portion being contributed by citizens of St. Louis, a city that has suffered far more from the war than any loyal city in the country. The following table gives the returns of every department and committee of the fair : TEEASFREr's report of the MISSISSIPPI VAI.LET FAIR. Proceeds of foiu'tcen gold and silver b.irs, from Story County, Xevada, in cur- rency $44,725 88 " " one gold and silver li.ar, from Ormsby County, Nevada 710 65 Cash from Committee on Finance 210,035 76 " Dry Goods Committee 19,548 50 " " Grocers' " 10,755 00 308 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Cash from Marine Committee From Refreshiiiciit Coiinnittee: New England Kitclien $G,284 18 IlollanJ Kitclien 4,711 90 Confectionery 1,345 80 Lippincott's soda fuuntain.. . . 027 20 O'Brien's " •■ 150 00 Robinson's oreani mead 22 50 '< Cafe Laclede 8,226 ti8 Goods afterwards sold 313 50 $13,100 00 SASITATtY SODA. From Committee on Drama and Public Amusements " Committee on Public Schools " " " Charitable In.stitu- tions, &c " Floral Department and sale of flowers " Committee on Rooks, Paper, and Stationery " Committee on Drugs and Perfumery " Millers From Committee on Iron and Steel " " " Carriages, Saddlery and Harness " " " Wine and Beer " Hebrew Aid Society " Committee on Soap, Candles, and Lard C)il " " " Stoves, Tinware, and Gas-fitting " " " China and Glass-ware " " " Freedmen and Refugees: Donations to freedmen $6,115 36 " " " and refugees 7,254 70 " refugees 3,020 05 Books 330 00 From Committee on Fine Arts " Ladies' Furnishing Committee . . . " Committee on Hardware and House Furnishing . " " " Skating Park " Kew Bedford Department " Committee on Millinery " Clnldren's Department " Committee on Agriculture " " " Bed Linen " " " Premium Shirts " " " Sewing Maclunes " Turnverein Committee " Committee on Jewelry and Silver Plate " Old Curiosity Shop " Committee on Bakers ^' " " Produce " " " Fancy Handwork 21,681 70 6,102 78 5,608 87 0,673 70 8,095 80 9,659 00 7,398 92 4,595 75 8,298 44 5,189 55 5,395 85 3,085 45 2,155 85 7,867 64 2,394 40 16,720 11 15,943 10 2,417 50 7,205 74 888 40 4,615 21 938 20 5,585 60 3,603 65 2,396 05 868 00 1,242 00 408 05 5,575 60 4.566 30 8,415 25 7, .32 9 49 4,671 95 THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY FAIK. 309 From jj^ . ^ From Committee on Live Stock $6,226 85 fe.^^"'' -*^Vi''W--;f " " '• Paint ami r . i^^^/'^i Oil 3,084 90 «i^^4^> "^'^^^fe^ " New York Department. 7,768 80 " Committee on Swords. . 4,62.5 00 ■ ^^ Schools 0.405 65 " Associated Clerks 3,1)58 92 ^ ,^_^,,_^^_^^.__^^___^^__. I' " Committee on Boots and i ">^XaMFBC2SLi|IIH».Jll '.^mim gjjpgg 11^907 93 , ^.. " Sale of Tickets 39,884 95 ^^^^MM: " " Daily Countersign 3,186 18 " Committee on Manufac- tures 6,915 00 A COMMirrEE ON LIVE STOCK. ,, p^^^ qj^^.^ ^^ j,^^ p.^j_. 357 gg Committee on Furniture 4,119 10 Government employees 12,856 95 Committee on Cloth and Clotliing ■ 6,453 90 " Wood and Coal 882 25 " Tobacco and Cifrars 7,212 20 sale of horse 1.000 00 Total $618,782 28 Deduct expenses 64,191 28 Total net . .$5.54,591 00 We give below as large a portion of tlie list of cash receipts as we can make room for, only regretting that our soace is not more ample : James IL Lucas $5,250 00 Boatmen's Savings Institution . . 5,000 00 E. W. and others, proceeds of lots of ground on Olive street. 5,000 00 Merchants' Exchange 5,000 00 Belcher's Sugar Refinery 3,500 00 Government Employees' Associ- ation, M. V. S. Fair 2,844 50 State Savings Association 2,500 00 Donations of Public Schools, by IraDwill 2,512 25 Henry A. Homeyer & Co 2,300 00 Gaslight Company 2,000 00 Mepham & Brother 1,750 00 As.sociated Clerks' Committee . . 1,685 50 "Northern Line" 1,600 00 Lyon, Sherb & Co., and Geo. I). Hall 1.500 00 City Clerks' Association 1.445 65 Keokuk P.icket Company 1,400 00 Memphis Packet Company 1,400 00 rienry Ames & Co $1,350 00 L. N. Bonham, entertain- ment given by pupils of tlie Female Seminary. $600 00 L. N. Bonham, proceeds of a hair-wreath, made by Miss Baile\', of the Seminary 379 00 L. N. Bonham, li.-df pro- ceeds of fairy-tale tab- leaux at the fair 95 00 L. N. Bonliam, cash do- nations by pupils. . . . 209 50 $1,283 50 Hon. Henry T. Blow, balance of salary as Minister to Venezuela in 1862 1.048 14 James Archer 1,000 Oil Building and S.avings Association 1,000 00 Francis Witt.aker, Sons & Co 1,000 00 Hudson E. Bridge 1,000 00 310 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Barten, Able & Co $1,000 00 Schulenlmrg & Boeckelei- 1,000 00 Graft; Bennett & Co 1,000 00 MoKee, Fishback & Co 1,000 00 David Nicholson 1.000 00 Pratt & Fox 1,000 00 John J. Roe 1,000 00 Richardson & Co 1,000 00 St. Lonis and Iron Mountain Rail- road Company 1,000 00 Employees in Q. M. Department, Oapt. E. D. Chapman 953 50 Illinois River Packet Co 850 00 Robinson & Howe's circus 831 40 Chicago & Alton R. R 8U 00 Ladies' Association of Tenth Ward, proceeds of ball TtIG 50 Committee of ladies. Seventh and Eighth "Wards, proceeds of ball 781 00 Ilayden & Wilson TiO 00 Giles F. Filley TOO 00 Reformed Presbyterian Church, ' by Rev. Mr. McCracken, pas- tor OGG 00 Proceeds of five head of cattle, presented by the Butchers' Association 040 00 Employees of Morison Hall. . . . 610 70 Horace Helton .' 600 00 St. Louis Union Association .... GOO 00 J. D. Stanbridge 588 60 Capt. Wallace's employees 583 00 D. A. January and others 570 00 By Rev. W. G. Eliot, from Bos- ton friends 551 00 Allen, Copp & Nesbit 550 00 Crow, McCrerey & Co 550 00 Bridge, Beach & Co 505 00 E. H. Smith 502 00 Lumbermen's & Mechanics' In- surance Co 500 00 Lamb & Quinlin 500 00 St. Louis Agency of Manhattan Life Insurance Co 500 00 Adolphus Meier & Co 500 00 Mary Institute, proceeds of con- cert of scholars 500 00 A. S. Merritt 500 00 North Missouri R. R. Co 500 00 North St. Louis Saving Associa- tion 500 00 Second National Bank 500 00 Third National Bank $500 00 John O'Fallon 500 00 Pho'ni.x Insurance Co 500 00 Pike & Kellog 500 00 Pacific R. R. Co 500 00 J. B. Sickles 500 00 N. Schafter & Co 500 00 St. Louis Insurance Co 500 00 A. T. Shapleigh & Co 500 00 J. B. Sickles & Co 500 00 Stannard, Gilbert & Co 500 00 Tunstall & Holme 500 00 United States Insurance Co 500 00 Wiggins Ferry Co., by Henry L. Clark, Seci-etary 500 00 Wni. Young & Co 500 00 Young Brothers & Co 500 00 Boatmen's Insurance & Trust Co. 500 00 Crozier & Baxter 500 00 Citizen's Insurance Co 500 00 Chouteau, Harrison & Vable. . . 500 00 James Clark & Co 500 00 Franklin Saving Institution 500 00 Franklin Insurance Co 500 00 Home Mutual Insurance Co 500 00 Collection in private schools . . . 455 70 Government Employees' Associ- ation, by II. II. Wernse 446 00 Seventh Cavalry, M. S. M 429 00 John G. Copelin 400 00 Doggett & Morse 400 00 Students of City University . . . 372 95 Samuel Gaty 350 00 W. M. Morrison 350 00 Employees on track on Eastern Division P. R. R. and S. W. Branch 341 75 Wm. D'Oench 335 00 Employees of Ubsdell, Barr, Duncan & Co 314 50 Fritz, Leysalt & Bennett 311 55 Warne, Cheever & Co 309 50 Collier Lead Co 300 00 Gaylord, Sons & Co 300 00 Dwight Durkee 300 00 Great Republic Insurance Co. . . 300 00 W. Chauvenet, Chancellor of Washington University, dona- tion from students 300 00 Hillman Brothers 300 00 Marine Insurance Co 300 00 Ticknor & Co 300 00 A WESTERN SUBSCRIPTION. 311 Harmonia Glee Club §286 75 Samuel C. Davis 285 00 Jos. Gai'tside and 14'.t employees 271 75 Henry Martin 270 00 Employees of Pacific R. R 207 00 Pupils of the Missouri Institute for the Blind, proceeds of con- cert by them 2fi4 50 Jameson, Cutting & Co 255 00 Levi Ashbrook & Co 250 00 Atlantic Insurance Co 250 00 M. Creesy & Co 250 00 Chapman & Thorp 250 00 Citizens' Railroad Co., by A. R. Easton 250 00 Dutcher & Co 250 00 R. & J. B. Fenby 250 00 First National Bank . . . ; 250 00 Globe Mutual Insurance Co 250 00 Samuel II. Gardiner 250 00 Hemming & Woodrufi" 250 00 Howe & Copen, N. Y. Ins. Cos. 250 00 Lackland & Christopher 250 00 Lockwood & Nider 250 00 Ladue, Tousey & Co 250 00 Merchants' Bank 250 00 John S. McCune 250 00 People's Saving Institution .... 250 00 Pacific Insurance Co 250 00 John J. Roe 250 00 Real Estate Savings Bank 250 00 St. Louis R. R. Co 250 00 L. & C. Speck & Co 250 00 Steamer Bright Ihipe 250 00 Tyler, Davidson & Co 250 00 TJbsdell, Barr, Duncan & Co. . . 250 00 Union Insurance Co 250 00 Francis Whittaker & Co 250 00 Asa Wilgins 250 00 Wm. Young & Co 250 00 Employees of Goodwin, Amlrew &Co 245 50 Bakers' Committee, collection among the trade 245 25 Journeymen horse-collar makers 213 75 Mr. Barr & others 204 00 G. Bayher & Co 200 00 Chas. Beardslee & Brother 200 00 F. B. Chamberiain & Co 200 00 J. F. Comstock & Co 200 00 Continental Packet Co 200 00 Matthew Coleman $200 00 Colonel & Mrs. Dick 200 00 L. D. Dameron 200 00 Samuel Gaty 200 00 diaries Holmes 200 00 A. C. Hoffman, by will 200 00 Wm. Jessup & Sons 200 00 N. H. Kendall & Co 200 00 McKay & Hood 200 00 Naples Packet Co 200 00 Col. John O'Fallon 250 00 J. & W. Patrick 200 00 O. II. Pearce & Co 200 00 Albert Pearce 200 00 Steamboat John J. Roe .and owners 200 00 Steamboat Pauline Carroll 200 00 " J. H. Dickey 200 00 Alton Packet Co 200 00 Levi H. Baker 200 00 Steamboat Imperial 200 00 Louisville 200 00 Maurice Denning ... 200 00 " Glasgow 200 00 " latan 200 00 " Leviatlian 200 00 '• W. K. Arthur 200 00 Julia 200 00 " Henry Ames 200 00 " J. E. Swiin 200 00 " City of Memphis 200 00 " Stephen Decatur 200 00 Colorado 200 00 J. II. Lacey 200 00 JohnTilden 200 00 Z. F. Wetzel & Co 200 00 Warne, Cheever & Co . ' 200 00 R. A. Barnes 195 00 Miss Emily Shaw, for t.ableaux.. 189 70- Mrs. Puroget 186 00 Rev. W. H. Corkhill, proceeds of exhibition of tableaux at Benton Barracks 1 62 90 G. Walbrecht 1.58 75 Mary Institute, proceeds of read- ings by J. J. Bailly 157 00 D. A. January 155 00 G. Bummermaunt & Co 150 00 Peter E. Blow 150 00 Buddecke & Droege 150 00 Wm. Glasgow, Jr 1 50 00 312 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Children's picnic, proceeds by committee of St. Peter's Church |150 00 0. W. Howe, Agent N. Y. Insu- rance Cos 150 00 Hope Mutual Fire Insurance Co. 150 00 C. & P.. Michelman 150 00 David Nicholson 150 00 Col. James Peckham 150 00 Tassem & Dangen 150 00 Young Brothers 150 00 Stokes & Sheets 132 05 Mr. Eossfeldt, St. Louis Vocal Association $140 00 Merchants' Exchange . 125 95 Moody, Michel & Co 125 00 Mission Free School 125 00 Sterling & Co 125 00 Berthoid & Thomiison 125 00 C. I. Filley 125 00 Ladies' Union League 125 00 German Evangelical Lutheran Church, Franklin Avenue and 11th Street 123 V5 CUTTINr. WiK)I> IN THE NORTHWEST, FOR SOLDIERS WIVES. Employees of Wiggins Ferry Co. Evangelical Protestant Church of Em.anuel A. W. Fagin A. S. Merritt Cash contributions in basket. South M. E. Church, by Levi 11. Baker, St. Louis $115 00 113 10 112 00 110 00 10!) 30 Pvobert Cliarlcs $107 20 .Joseph Garneau 105 00 Spurry, Chalfant & Co 100 00 St. Louis Lodge, No. 5, I. O. O. F. 100 00 Schwetze & Eggers 100 00 John A. Smithers & Brother. . 100 00 C. F. Schultz & Brother 100 00 Shamrock Benevolent Society. . 100 00 THE WESTERN SANITARY COMMISSION. 31 ;} Steam Boiler Makers' Associa- tion John R. Shepley Jas. T. Severingcn and wife. . . G. O. W. ToiliKt Co Miss Mar\- Tlionias D. S. Thompson W. F. Ulman John C. Vogel Warne, Cheever & Co White & Haass Capt. Daniel White Wilson & Atwell J. Wall & Brotlier Washington Lodge, No. 2-t, I. O. O. F H. I). Whittaker Wildley Lodge, No. 2, I. O. O. F. Geo. IL Wiley & Co Westerman it Meir Samuel B. Wiggins W. S. Oilman Gay, Ilanekemp & Edwards . . , Greely & Gale Goodwin & Anderson ...... . E. Gaylord & Sons Louis C. Garnier Cheltenham Fire-Brick AVorks, by Evans & Howard Gymnastic Society John IL Gay Gill & Brother John How C. B. Ilubbell & Co J. Howard Hibernian Society Ilot'kemeyer & Finney Ileinicke & Estel Berton A. Hill E. C. Harrington, from Govern- ment Employees' Association. D. A. January & Co Jacoby & Feikert Mr. James, Iron Works Jefferson Mutual Fire Insurance Co Jameson & Mantz Jonathan Jones Capt. W. J. Kauntz Wm. Khnnpe Wm. Dean & Co unn 00 100 00 ino 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 Dunham <& Gregg $100 00 Druids' Hall Association, by Franz Michen 100 00 John F. Darley 100 00 Arnold, Constable & Co 100 00 B. &D. Able 100 00 John C. Dervalall 100 00 Capt. J. B. Eads 100 00 Wm. L. Ewing & Co 100 00 Employees in Laclede Rolling Mills 100 00 Excelsior Fire and Marine Ins. Co 100 00 S. M. Edgell 100 00 Joseph Emanuel & Co 100 00 Eighth St. Baptist Church (col- ored) 100 00 Excelsior Lodge, No. 18, I. (). O. F 100 00 J. E. Esher, proprietor Bowery Theatre, proceeds of one night's entertainment 100 00 Gen. C. B. Fisk 100 00 Fisk, Knight & Co 100 00 0. D. Filley 100 00 E. A. & S. R. Filley 100 00 M. Foster 100 00 Fritachie & Co 100 00 R. D. Fenby 100 00 Glasgow & Brother 100 00 Henry Bell & Son 100 00 L. A. Benoist & Co 100 00 J. H. Bowen & Co 100 00 Mrs. Sarah B. Brent 100 00 Battery K, 1st Missouri Light Artillery lOO 00 Bush & Hawthorn 100 00 John Boker 100 00 Beard & Brothers 100 00 Mrs. Brueseke 100 00 R. Campbell & Co 100 00 Cavender & Rowse 100 00 Cabot & Senter 100 00 John B. Carson 100 00 E. A. Corbitt 100 00 P. Cliouteau, Jr., & Co 100 00 Cupples & Marston 100 00 Commercial Ins. Co 100 00 George Couzleman 100 00 F. J. Chapman 100 00 Mrs. Jane Chambers 100 00 314 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. City Tobacco Warehouse $W0 00 J. R. Clark, proceeds of a cotton donation 100 00 Munroe R. Collins 100 00 Alexander Crozier 100 00 Luther M. Xennett 100 00 Samuel Knox 100 00 S. 11. Laflin 100 00 T. II. Larkin tt Co 100 00 II. J. Loring & Co 100 00 L. Levering & Co 100 00 Louis A. Labaume 100 00 Ladies' Branch of Shoemakers' Society 100 00 Wm. C. Lindell 100 00 E. M. Moffitt 100 00 Mrs. Virginia Minor 100 00 Murdock & Dickson 100 00 A. Meier & Co 100 00 Mason & Clements 100 00 VT. II. Markliara 100 00 ■Wm. N. Macqueen 100 00 Thornton D. Murpliy 100 00 Company II, National Guard... 100 00 Augustus McDowell 100 00 Mound City Mutual Ins. Co 100 00 Moreau & May 100 00 Wm. II. Maurice 100 00 Nulson & Merriman $100 00 Nolan & Caflrey 100 00 A. K. Northrup . 100 00 R. H. Ober & Co 100 00 "Owl Club" 100 00 L. W. Patchen 100 00 Peterson, Hawtliorne & Co 100 00 W. H. Pulsifer 100 00 People's R. R. Co 100 00 Rich & Co 100 00 Richardson & Co 100 00 Eben Richards 100 00 Eben Richards, Jr 100 00 Geo. H. Rea 100 00 John n. Rankin 100 00 Pratt & Fox 100 00 Christian Peper 100 00 Col. Geo. G. Pride 100 00 Pomeroy & Benton 100 00 Pike & Kelkigg 100 00 James Smith 100 00 A. F. Sliapleigh 1 00 00 A. F. Shapleigh & Co 1 00 00 Stillwell, Powell & Co 100 00 St. Louis Shot Tower Co 100 00 Saving.s' Association, Eigliteeiith Ward 1 00 00 F. E. Schraieding & Co 100 00 The officers of tlie Mississippi Valley Fair, in closing their report, claim that it yielded larger comparative receipts than any .sanitary fair ever held. St. Louis, situated almost upon tlie very frontier of loyalty, i-aises $3.50 for every inhabitant at her foir, the proportion of New York and Philadelphia being about $1.67 for each inhabitant. This is the more remarkable from the fact, proved by the figures, that only about $10,000 was received from east of the Mississippi Eiver. "We confidently believe that no equal demonstration of patriotism has been made in any city of the Union since tlie war began." The proceeds of the fair were immediately applied to the uses for winch they were bestowed. Eighty thousand dollars' worth of hospital stores were furnished, in June and July, to the army of General Sherman, and a fair jDro- portion to troops in other departments. The "Western Sanitary Commission maintained its organization and con- tinued its labors to the close of the war. The table at the end of the volume will give the final, closing statistics of its work — work which, from the first, has been diligently sought and systematically and energetically done ; done, TUE WESTERN SAXITAIIY COMMISSION. 315 too, in so unobtrusive a nuuincr, tliat thousands of persons in the eastern states have never been made aware of tlie commission's existence. This was, in a measure, intentional, to avoid all appearance of infringing upon what might be claimed as another's ground, and to escape the conflict of interests which might ensue. Faithfulne.ss, energy, and prudence arc cardinal \irtues in a man, or in a commission of men. CHAPTER VIII. STATE SANITARY COMMISSIONS — LOCAL RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS. TnF MAfiir LANTEP.N IN TIIF, HnSPITAL. OrR view of the labors of the people in behalf of the healtb and comfort of the soldier, would be incomplete without a glance at certain local sanitary commissions wliich sprang up in the earlier stages of the war — for which there was at that time, perhaps, sufficient reason. Upon tbe subject of these as- sociations, the North American Review used the following language, in January, 1864: "The education of our towns and villages in the principles of the Sanitary Commission, the overcoming of tbeir local prejudices, of their desire to work for this regiment, that company, this hospital, or that camp, has been an education in national ideas — in the principles of the government itself — in the great federal idea for which we are contending at such cost of blood and treasure. The objections to the Sanitary Commission have been precisely the objections that led to the rebellion and to the war that made this commission necessary — objections to a federal consolidation, a strong THE IOWA SANITARY COMMISSION. 317 general governraeut, a nationality and not a confederacy. State and local powers were claimed to be not only more effective in their home and imme- diate spheres, but more effective out of their spheres, and in the promotion of ends that are universal. As South Carolina said she could take better care of her own commerce and her own foreign intei-ests than the United States Government, so Iowa, and Missouri, and Connecticut, and Ohio, insisted that they could each take better care of their own soldiers, after they were merged in the general Union army, than could any central, or federal, or United States commission, whatever its resources or its organization. Narrow political am- bition, state sensibilities, executive conceit, and the pecuniary interests of agents, produced the same secessional heresies in regard to the National Sani- tary Commission, tliat tliey either actually created, or have vainly tended to create, in regard to the general government itself" This language must be slightly modified. Only two states east of the Mississippi undertook to look after the sanitary interests of their own men, Iowa and Indiana, and one of these subsequently abandoned that course. We give a brief history of the independent existence of the Iowa and Indiana Sanitary Commissions. In the month of October, 1861, Governor Kirkwood, of Iowa, in a letter to the Eev. A. J. Kynett, stated, that in order to render the various soldiers' aid societies springing up throughout the state efficient, and to encourage the formation of others, he had appointed him — Mr. Kynett — agent for the state, to perfect a system by which contributions w^ould best reach the soldier. Mr. Kynett, in reply, recommended that a State Sanitary Commission be consti- tuted, to become, ultimately, auxiliary to the United States Commission. On the 13th of October, the governor appointed the officers of such a commission, as follows : President, Secretary, PiioF. J. C. IIiGiiES, M. D., of Keoknk. Rev. Geo. F. M.VGony, of Lyons. Treasurer, Corresjionding Secretary a-nd^ General Agent, IIii!AM PiiicE, of Davenport. Rev. A. J. Kynett, of Lyons. Hon. Elijah Sells, Des Moines, Hon. Caleb Baldwin, Council Bluffs, Rev. Bishop Lee, Davenport, Rev. G. B. Jooelyn, Mt. Pleasant, rioN. Geo. G. Weight, Keosauqua, Hon. Wm. F. Cooi.baugii, Burlington, Rev. Bishop Smyth, Dubuque, Ezekiel Clark, Iowa City, IIox. Lincoln Clark, Dubuque. Mr. Kynett immediately issued an appeal to the women of Iowa in behalf of the sick and wounded soldiers, accompanied bv a form of constitution fir 31 S THE TRIBUTE BOOK. local societies, recommending the formation of sucli in every town, village, and neigliborliood in the state. In answer to this call, the commission received, during the first two years, notice of the organization of one hundred and sixty relief societies ; and received from them, in the same time, four hundred and forty-two boxes, one hundred and fifty barrels, eighteen kegs, and nine sacks, of the value of some $60,000. On the 1st of June, 1863, the Iowa Commis- sion became practically a branch of the United States Sanitary Commission. The reasons for making this change, and the advantages resulting from it, were thus summed up by the secretary of the Iowa Commission : "Onr Iowa regiments were, and still are, greatly scattered over a vast ex- tent of country. With our limited means and resources, it was clearly im- possible for us, acting independently as a state organization, to place sanitary stores within the reach of any considerable portion of them. " A large proportion of the sick and wounded of our Iowa soldiers were in post and general hospitals, with their fellow-soldiers from other states. To have attempted, by separate state agencies, to discriminate in favor of Iowa soldiers, would have been unjust, offensive to our own generous sufferers, and was, by proper hospital regulations, rendered impossible. " The United States Sanitary Commission, appointed by the secretary of war on nomination of the surgeon-general of the United States, and enjoying the confidence of the government and official recognition, with almost ex- haustless resources and every necessary facility, were everywhere in the field with sanitary stores at every important point, their medical inspectors in every camp and hospital, and their various agencies working efticiently in behalf of all thk soldiers of the Union. To have withheld co-operation with them seemed to us ungenerous, impolitic, and in principle too much like that 'state sovereignty ' which underlies secession itself "The advantages resulting from the new an-angement are the following: " "We thereby place ourselves in cordial and earnest fraternity with all our co-laborers of every other loyal state. There is a wide difference between being in the Union and out of it. "We become rightfully entitled to a common interest in the large contribu- tions of the eastern and Pacific states. California alone has given to this object, through the National Commission, hundreds of thousands of dollars in cash. We could not honorably keep all our own to ourselves and then expect to share in common with others more generous. " We secure the free transportation of all our goods, the free use of all tele- graphic lines, and all other facilities granted the National Commission. THE INDIANA SANITARY COMMISSION. 319 " All our surgeons and chaplains are permitted and invited to draw \ipon the stores of the National Commission, at any time and place where a depot may be established, to supply the wants of their sick and wounded. " We are invited to nominate inspectors and agents from our own state, to be assigned to duty where Iowa soldiers are in service, and to be paid out of the funds of the National Commission." Certainly, the reasons given were sufficient. Still, the co-operation between the various organizations in the state was not complete, and in November, 1863, a call was issued for a convention to be held at Des Moines on the 18th, to consist of delegates from the ladies' soldiers' aid societies, the societies co-operating with the Iowa Sanitary Com- mission, loyal leagues, soldiers' Christian commissions, and all other associa- tions in the state which had made regular contributions. The convention was held, two hundred delegates being present, from all parts of the state. Mrs. Livermore addressed the assembly on the claims the United States Sanitary Commission had upon them as auxiliaries, while Mrs. Wittenmyer urged those of the "Western Sanitary Commission. Then there were addresses in behalf of harmony, and in deprecation of party strife in sanitary matters. The Hon. S. A. Eussell protested against the sick and dying soldier being sacrificed or detained in hospital by local preferences, or personal feelings in favor of this or the other way of reaching him. A new commission was finall}' created, the principal feature of whicb was a board of control. This board held its first meeting in December, and it was decided to establish an Iowa depot at Chicago, in connection with the United States Commission, and another at St. Louis, connected with the Western Commis- sion ; eacb local society could send to whichever branch it might prefer : the goods received at the two depots should be repacked, and all packages should be stamped with the Iowa state mark. Up to this period, the value of the goods received by the Iowa Commis- sion was not far from $250,000. A Sanitary Commission w^as organized in Indianapolis, for the state of Indiana, in February, 1862, immediately after the battle of Fort Donelson. Its success was such that a permanent organization was effected in March, by the appointment of William Hannaman as president, and Alfred Harrison as treasurer. The objects of the commission were, in spite of its name, "to carry relief to suffering soldiers, wherever from or wherever found ; and its aim was to contribute to every general hospital within its reach as large a supply, in proportion to the number of Indiana soldiers in those hospitals, as 320 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. any other state. "When this was done, any thing that remained was devoted to the use of Indiana soldiers in preference to any others. But all contribu- tions made to general hospitals were for general distribution. And when it is remembered that the supplies of the Indiana Commission were exclusively the gifts of inhabitants of the state, this seems a very generous method of dispensing them. This would not be the case were other states tributary to the Indianapolis treasury, as Massachusetts has been to that of St. Louis, or Minnesota and Wisconsin to that of Chicago." The attention of the officers of the commission was called, at an early date, to the needs of sick and wounded soldiers at the railroad station in Indianapo- lis, waiting for trains, or otherwise detained. An agent was at first appointed to meet the men on their arrival, and direct them to houses where they could be decentl}^ and cheaply accommodated. As the number of applicants in- creased, tents were procured, and a sort of Camp Relief was established ; finally a Soldiers' Home was erected. Nearly two hundred thousand soldiers have been entertained here since its opening. The Home for Soldiers' Wives, established somewhat later, is to the family what the Soldiers' Home is to the army. Here, the wives, mothers, sisters, and daughters of soldiers, who have come to the city to meet the returning veteran, find comfortable meals and lodging, and are safe from annoyance and imposition. Three hundred ladies and children have been entertained here a month. During the year 1863 seven hospital boats were sent out by the commission, to distribute five thousand packages of supplies, and to bring home such men as were unfit for service. One of these, the City Belle, was the first boat to land at Vicksburg after its sun-ender. The Indiana railroads gave free transportation to goods from all parts of the state to Indianapolis, the Union Telegraph Company sent all messages gratuitously, and the Adams, American, and United States Express Compa- nies carried boxes by the hundred, without charge. The following table speaks for itself: Contril utions of money in 1862 $22,529 12 ' stores " 86,088 00 ' money in 1863 36,2.32 11 ' stores " 101,430 74 ' money in 1864 97,035 22 ' stores " 126,086 91 Total $469,402 10 The Indiana Commission continued independent to the end. THE PIIILADELPIIIA LADIES' AID. 821 A society, known as the " Pliiladelpliia Ladies' Aid," was organized in Philadelphia on the 26th of April, 1861, and from that day to the close of the war maiiitaiiied its independence. Mrs. Joel Jones, Mrs. Stei)lu'n Colwell, anoO 00 " '■ Scni)tures fnrnished by the American Bible Society 10,256 00 Total $231,256 29 The second year opened with still brighter promises for the Christian Commission. The New York Committee was finally organized, and their plans were laid for a vigorous campaign. Their field of operations was set down thus : the vessels of war, the transports fitted out in the harbor. and the squadrons supplied from them — that is, the bulk of the navy ; all the forts, camps, and hospitals around New York not otherwise cared for ; and the armies, camps and hospitals on the entire Atlantic coast: One hun- dred and fifty thousand men were embraced within this plan, one-tenth of them estimated to be in hospitals. The field of supply for the New York branch treasury was thus assigned : New York, Connecticut, and eastern New Jersey. The most imposing public meeting held in behalf of the commission took place in New York, February 9th, 1863, at the Academy of Music, under the presidency of Lieutenant-General Scott. The edifice was densely crowded. The audience were requested not to indulge in applause upon the entrance of the presiding ofiicer. They might evince their respect by silently rising, thus testifying their veneration for a twice sacred cause — sacred in its objects, and sacred in the day on which its claims were urged. This request was implicitly obeyed. The addresses made during the evening were in the highest degree impressive ; their influence was felt throughout the city and surrounding country ; and the New York Committee commenced their labors with $10,000 in the treasury, the result of this single meeting. During this year the commission had free transportation upon twenty thousand miles of railway, and sent and received unpaid dispatches over as many miles of wire. Ministers and laymen gave their services in greater numbers than before. The large hotels throughout the country ojjened their doors to the delegates, and spread their tables with the best before them, and made no charge. The rich contributed generously, and the offerings of the poor were perhaps more generous still, even if not so large. Tlie churches, the aid societies, the cliildren, were never more active ; collections were never more numerous, while no one grumbled at their frequency. Gifts were received from Americans abroad, and a helping hand was even extended AN APPEAL FOR ICE. 345 from missionaries in Cliiua, India, Turkey and. Labrador. The soldiers made requisitions ujxm tlieir regimental funds, and the subscription-book was even handed about on the decks of men-of-war, and deep down in the forecastle. The olhcers of the Pocahontas sent $-i-i, and the crew $101.50. The Bible Society continued to furnish Testaments without stint and without price ; tract houses and publishers of religious papers gave large quantities of their pub- lications, and furnished others at cost. A GUNBOAT SCBSCItlPTION I.N AID OF TIIK CHRISTIAN COMMISSION. The means adopted to reach the public ear were simple, and cost literally nothing. Now and then a public meeting, the sympathetic action of the churches, and the constant iteration of the daily press, nnbought and free, constituted the sole machinery. Delegates returned from the field told their story from place to place, and never in vain. After the battle of Gettysburg, Messrs. Tobey and Demond, of the Boston Christian Association, .'^at at a table in the Merchants' Exchange, and received from persons who had been moved, but not personally solicited, $10,000. An appeal for ice for the sailors sweltering in iron-clads under the midsummer sun at Charleston, was circulated at the dinner-tables at Saratoga, under the auspices of Mr. Stuart and Governor Morgan of New York. Such an appeal, made where the adepts were cooling their champagne, and the unskillful were icing their claret — where the refreshing crystal lay in capacious bowls, and where silver-capped 346 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. bottles were plunged up to their necks in the grateful refrigerant — was not likely to pass unheeded, and it did not. In less than twenty-four hours, an order for $3,200 worth of ice bad been telegTaphed to Boston, and the cargo was on its way to the south. The city of Providence, where no aid had as vet been asked, contributed $7,000 in ten days. The town of Pottsville, in Pennsvlvauia, gave $3,000, and a generous donation of coal to soldiers' families. This coal, or the first instalment of it, three hundred tons, came without chai-ge over the Reading Railroad. The Thanksgiving offerings of such churches as, in 1863, made their alms and oblations through the Christian Commis- sion, amounted to $90,000. At a single meeting at the Cliui-ch of the Epiphany, in Philadelphia, $12,000 were contributed; $9,000 were received from ordinary church collections during the year. The American Bible Society's contributions in copies of the Scriptures were of the money value of $45,000. The collections of the New York Army Committee amounted to no less a sum than $60,000, obtained principally by personal application, or from churches. The value of the three million tracts, papers, &r., distributed by the New York Committee, was over $27,000. Early in 1863, President Lincoln received the following letter: " Dear President : "I hope you will pardon me for troubling you. Ohio is ni}- native State, and I so much wish to send a trifle in the shape of a £5 Bank of England note, to buy Bibles for the poor, wounded soldiers of the North, which I hope the}' may read. •' Yours, very respectfully, "Mary Talbot Sorly, "Firclitf, Darby Dale, Derbyshire, England."' This five pound note was sent by Mr. Lincoln to Mr. Stuart. The value of the contributions of all kinds to the Christian Commission during the year 1863, and the amount of work done, are given in the follow- ing tables : CiLsh received at the Central and Rraneh Offices $358,239 29 Value of stores contributed 385,829 07 " Scriptures contributed by the American Bible Society 45,071 50 British and Foreign Bible Society 1,677 79 " railro.id faciUties ■contributed 44,210 00 " telegraph " " ^9,390 0-1 " delegates' services 72,420 00 Total $916,837 65 TUE MARYLAND STATE FAIR. 347 Christian ministers and laymen ccimrais^idiKMl to ministiT to irie'ii on battle-fields, and in camps, hospitals and ships 1,207 Copies of Scriptures distributed 405,715 IIvuiu and Psalm Books distributed 371,859 Knapsack Books distributed 1,254,591 Library " " 89,713 Magazines and Pamphlets distributed 120,492 Religious Newspapers " 2,931, 4(i9 Pages of Tracts " 11,976,722 Silent Comforters, &c., '• 3,285 Boxes forwarded 1 2,048 During its third year the Christian Commission held its only fair, an event which occurred in this wise: Tlie first suggestion relative to a fair in Balti- more, was made by Mrs. C. J. Bowen in the spring of 1864, in a conversation with Mrs. Alex. Turnbull. The idea was, in the minds of tliese ladies, that it should be held for the benefit of the Sanitary Commission, but when submit- ted to Mrs. Alphens Hyatt, was amended so as to admit the Christian Com- mission upon equal terms. In this form the proposition was laid befoi'e the Maryland Committee of the Commission, who regarded it with lavor, and furnished all assistance in its power, and offering, as an earnest of its good- will, to become responsible for the necessary expenses of preparation. A meeting of ladies was called, and the Maryland State Fair Association organ- ized. The offices were at first filled by the appointment of ladies, but as the undertaking seemed somewhat too arduous to be confided to them alone, gen- tlemen were selected to assist them. The Board of Directors and the Execu- tive Committee were thus constituted : PreHtdent, Miis. Gov. Bradford, assisted by Wm. J. Albert. Treiisurer, " Alpfieus lIvATT, .assisted by IIenrt Janes. Recording Secretary, " Camillus Kidder, assisted by James Caret Coale. Corrcxponding Secretary, " Almira Lincoln Phelps, assisted by James Carey Coale. Joint Execiitire Committee. Mrs. Alex. Turnbull, assisted by Ge.v. John S. Berry. " C. J. Bowen, assisted by Jos. IL Meredith. " A. Lincoln Phelp.s, assisted by Gerard T. Hopkins. " Wm. J. Albert, assisted by James Carey Coale. " Alpheus Hyatt, assisted by Tiios. J. Morris. " Camillus Kiddei!, assisted by Geo. Gildersleate. " James D. Mason, assisted by James W. Tyson. " JoiiN S. Berry, assisted by James D. Mason. " Charles Spilcker, assisted by Rev. John "W. Randommi.. 348 THE TRIBUTE COOK. Ladies' Committee on Reception, Mrs. Royal T. Cncp.cii, Cliitinnnn. Finance Committee, Tiios. Swanx, Chairman. Committee on Fine Arts, Geo. B. Coale, Chairman. Committee on Rooms and Decorations, Woodwahd Abkaiiams, Chair?nan. Committee on Order, Sebastian F. Streeter, Chairman. Committee on Lectures, Hon. llcon L. Bond, Chairman. The labor of preparation continued for several weeks, the difTicullies and embarrassments which, under the most favoralde circumstances, attend such enterprises, being, for obvious reasons, more numerous and formidable in Bal- timore than elsewhere. But the zeal of the ladies shone briirhtest under RESIBTINO THE SOLDIERS. ArUIL lOlH, ISfal. GIVING THE SOLDIERS AID AND COMFORT, APRIL 19tIT. IS&l discouragement, and the idea of failure, or even postponement, was never entertained. The fair opened on the appointed day. The Maryland State fliir was held in the hall of the Maryland Institute, a long and narrow building, of capacity far greater than would appear at first sight. In this one building were the immense hall in which the fair proper was held, a Refectory, an Art Gallery, and a New England Kitchen. All was ready on the IStli of April, 18G4, the third anniversary of the first spilling of blood in Baltimore after the fall of Sumter — the President of the United States taking part in the ceremonies of inauguration. i SOME BALTIMORE TABLES. 349 Pretty names the Baltiraoreans had for their tables : for instance, the Union Slipper Circle. Here was a goddess of liberty, draped in the folds of Old Glorj' ; a flannel skirt worked in red, white and blue, by a Union lady of Charleston ; a bridal party of dolls on their way home from church ; a chess- table worked in beads ; the battle-flags of the Second and Third Maryland ; aprons made by soldiers ; leaves and flowers of wax, and iron-holders with appropriate mottoes. "What motto can be appropriate for an iron-holder, you ask ? Why, "Polly, put the kettle on !" We all took tea down-stairs, in the New England Kitchen. Another pretty name for a table was the Cinderella. This was the resort of patrons of six and seven 3'ears. Here were dolls and doll-bedsteads, Quaker- esses for sale to Jew and pagan. At the Union Knitting Social Circle were piles of that species of finger and steel work which the war has fostered into the dignity of a manufacture. This trade kee]is no books, however ; the assessor of the revenue makes no inquiries, and we shall never learn the dread- ful prosperity of those who plied the needle and the yarn. It is well to know, however, that if the demand was appalling, the supply kept pace with it. Jacob's Well was a species of Spa, where home-brewed Kissingen and Vichy were dealt out by dainty cup-bearers to the cosmopolites, and the not more native soda-water was drawn for the cit. Lemonade, composed of lemon- juice and water from Swann Lake, and Adam's ale, the same beverage with- out the lemon-juice, were also constantly on tap. At the City Post-office none ever applied in vain. The mail had always just arrived, and, singular to say, none of the letters were prepaid. Tiie pen- alty attached to receiving an unpaid letter is well known — the jiost-office people charge you doul)le, treble, an hundred-fold. It was disheartening, after having taken some pains to find the table of Anne Arundel — in the conviction that, if Miss Arundel was as beautiful as her name, .she must be fair indeed — to discover that it was a county, and not a lady. Anne Arundel was aided by Charles, St. Mary's, and Calvert, and these were counties too. As these districts were classed as disaffiscted, their contributions were only the more interesting. A dispatch -post or parcels-delivery, managed by a Mrs. Eve, was so prompt and punctual in the discharge of its duties, that it was universally remarked. However, this was not astonishing, said a vfit — not a wag — as Eve was made to be a m.atch for Adam's Express Company. We believe we are not wrong in stating that this was the production of the gentleman who remarked that the first language .spoken by babies was Gum Arabic. 350 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. At the upper end of the hall were the tables of the Central Union Relief Association, of the ladies of which we have already had occasion to sjDeak. They were the founders of the fair, and, in a great measure, its builders and architects besides. Their tables were sumptuously spread, and all were invited to partake of the good things set upon the board. Few resisted the call, and the tabular statement, some pages further on, gives the result in figures. The book and p)botograph table oftered many attractions besides those of books and photographs. There were "busts of Milton, Patrick Henry, and Juno," meerschaums and Killikinnick, Rogers' SharjDshooters — not an infringement of Colt's patent, but a group of Union soldiers — Swiss scenes, queer boxes made of grains of corn, and other curiosities of literature, the arts, and ornamental gardening. The book-worm and the tobacco-worm might have met here upon neutral ground. Gifts from many cities and many lands had been gathered upon the Art Table. Photographs, autographs, and auto-photographs ; shells, mosses, ferns, pressed leaves ; paper-cutters, paper-weights, pictures, statuettes ; Union kisses for Union children ; the House that Jack Built ; Raphael's Hours ; sewing- silk and neck-ties; a nest of boxes; a battle-piece by Landseer and coco- aine by Burnett ; a landscape by Herring and cocoa by Baker ; watches from Waltham, and an artistic pair of standard scales, in which the Presi- dent was weighed by Master Cai'son. The Talbot County table offered burr-boxes, framed insects, shingle fans carved by a hero of Grettysburg, a basket made of the shavings of a cow's horn — perhaps the famous crumpled one of history — a wreath of popped corn. Alleghany, Kent, Montgomery, Howard, Harford, Carroll, Frederick, Washington, and other counties, offered their best with willing and lavish hand. The New England Kitchen was organized and managed by eight ladies from Bi-ooklyn, who revived on the soil of Maiyland their triumphs in the County of Kings. Of course their amiable duties were performed in the midst of antiques that harmonized well with their own integuments. A cradle, two hundred years of age, old enough to have rocked upon the legend- ary tree-top, but too sound to have participated in the then impending crash ; chairs from the Mayflower ; a mug that had passed from the moss- covered bucket to the lips of "Washington ; shovel and tongs from the Gov- ernment House at Annapolis; a mantelpiece and Bible from the Purviance House — such was the setting of the Brooklyn ladies in Baltimore. RAFFLING IN BALTIMORE. 3/51 The lisli-poiid was a depth from which the angler pulled such prizes as by chance first caught his hook. It made little difference what bait disguised the barb, or with what skill the line was bobbed or trolled. The liachelor, were he a very Izaak Walton, would draw twin babies ; the clergyman, a har- lequin ; the married man, a latch-key ; the chambci-maid, a fan. The Art Gallery was an admirable collection of paintings, in which nearly every American artist of reputation was worthily represented. It is always natural that a good picture should awaken admiration, but there were more natural reasons than one why McEntee's "Virginia" should be appreciated to the full in Maryland. Maryland might have been what Virginia is — wasted, depopulated ; sunk from the mother of presidents into the daughter of desolation. The artist had sought, in his picture, to embody a description, in Childe Harold, of the dying of the Tree of Freedom : Thy tree Imtli lest its l)Iossoms, and the rind, Chopp'd hy the axe, loolcs rough and little worth ; But the sap lasts — and still the seed wo find Sown deep even in the hosora of the North. So shall a hetter spring less bitter fruit bring forth. No objection was made to raffles at the Baltimore Fair, and numerous articles were disposed of by solemn appeal to the lot. What is with us known as the toss-up, and what the French designate as the short-straw, was often the arbiter in cases which nothing else could decide. The bronze ball- player, Mr. Stewart's camel's hair .shawl, the embroidered side-saddle, the saddle which was not a side-saddie, the marine telescope, the skeleton flowers under glass — a hapjDy acquisition for some one who, having no skeleton in his closet, naturally wanted one — the mouchoir which was rough to excoriation with embroidery, except in the centre, where there was accommodation for a very small nose ; afghans, slippers, cigar-cases, the Headquarters of General Grant, statuettes — all went as the dread decree prescribed. No one seemed to be deterred from these speculative investments by the memory of him to whom an elephant was adjudged by the self-same process. And, indeed, why should they ? Those who " see" the elephant are said to pay so dearly for the siglit, that it might be profitable to keep one on view. Cake was i-affled at a dollar a slice, ten gold rings, distributed through the dough by the impar- tial hand of the cook, giving to the baked and iced confection in its entirety, the value which really lay hidden in strata, or veins, or lodes. He who got the ring was the best man ; and gold at this period was one hundred and fifty. It is proper to state that one article at least was not raflled for ; plenty of gen- tlemen could get it withoTit — the mitten. 352 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. At the "West and Newton and Harford County" table a presidential election was held, and it was probably the most corrupt that has ever dis- graced the annals of the suffrage. Votes were openly bought and sold ; the registiy law — if there was one — was defied at high noon ; the influence of fractional currency was every where felt, and the result, whatever it was, was entirely due to the interference of cash. Voters held their privileges cheap ; a "tin cint bill" was the price of a vote. And yet philosophers, seeking for the Vox Dei, have declared it identical with the vox populi ! A confusion not less remarkable than that of the boy who, reading Ivanhoe on his way to the druggist's for a dose of nux vomica, asked, when there, for twelve drops of pax vobiscum. One hundred and ten dollars were produced by this scandal- ous device. The Cecil Register was a species of album in which the visitor could, for a small consideration, inscribe his name. As the register was to be deposited after the fair in a fire-proof edifice, the immortality promised to the signers will doubtless be obtained. Twelve hundred names will be thus preserved from the oblivion that awaits all others. Two evenings were devoted to tableaux, exhibitions of which were given at the New Assembly Rooms. The programmes were as follows : FIliST EVENING. SECOND EVENING. Henry the Eighth. Good Queen Margaret. Faith, Hope, and Charity. Moore's Beauties. The Peasant's Courtship. IvantlioL Jane McCrea. Tlie Puritans embarking for America. Flora McDonald and Charles Edward. The Landing of the Pilgrims. Before and after Marriage. Lady Jane Gray. The Dying Hero. The Brilliant Orator. Hope leaving Paradise to solace mankind. My Maryland. Tlie Contest for the Standard. Our Flag. Judith and Iloloferues. Rebecca and Rowena. Joan Dare. Fame, Victory, Peace, Painting, Music. There were certain Baltimore merchants who dealt in articles that could not well be exhibited at the fair ; they were not deterred thereby, however, from offering them. Thus Messrs. Thompson & Neilson, who trafficked in the biphosphate of lime, laid aside eight barrels, each baiTel containing two hundred and fifty pounds, which they were willing to bestow upon tlie cause. So fiirmers could purchase an order at the f;iir, and procure the lime at the warehouse. Biphosphate purchased in this way is said to possess a double proportion of fertilizing qualities. Orders for the article were sold — we can- not say why — at the confectionery table. A REMARKABLE GRAB-BAG. 35:} If we liad never known before what the young people eould do for the soldiers, Baltimoi'e would have taught us. Masters Charles and Roland Turner, having collected fifteen dollars in small sums, in anticipation of the fair, expended it in the purchase of articles fit for stocking a grab-bag. With CnBIBTIAN AND BANITART TAIiI.EAU: BRKEOCA AND KOWKNA. the aid of three young men of their age, they administered the duties con- nected with this species of bag, and their fifteen dollars became two hundred and forty. The expenses were to the receipts as one to sixteen ; the expenses of the Metropolitan Fair were as one to eight. Had the success of the j^ouths of the grab-bag attended their seniors of New York, the result would have been two millions instead of one. The Turner boys deserved their triumph, for the first cup of cold water ofiered to a soldier in Baltimore, was given by Master Roland of that name. A distinctive feature of the Baltimore Fair was its newspaper — the New Era. This title, at first glance, does not appear as appropriate as those of its predecessors — the Drum Beat, the Knapsack, the Countersign, the Volunteer. But its great significance was shown in its daily publications of Parallel 2:1 354 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Thoughts, these for the New Era, those for the Old. The following extracts are to the point: " April 18th, 1861. — Baltimore agitated all day; boisterous processions of persons wearing secession cockades ; crowds gathered to insult United States and Pennsylvania troops; cheers given for Jefferson Davis, and groans and yells for Abraham Lincoln ; many Union men knocked down, and Union soldiers stoned." "April 18th, 1864. — The opening of the Maryland State Fair; a brigade of negro troops marched througli the city ou their way to Annapolis; the municipal government in the hands of tried Union men ; Maryland a free state; land augmenting in value, and the population of Baltimore increased by twenty thousand in three years." " April 19th, 1861. — The Unionists powerless ; the city in the hands of the secessionists. Twenty-nine cars, laden with soldiers, arrived at the Phila- delphia Depot. Six were driven to Camden Station, amid yells and jeers. Cobble-stones, which had been taken up by the paviors, were hurled by the mob at the seventh, and every window was shivered. The eighth and ninth passed through a shower of missiles ; the tenth was driven back, the track being obstructed in some places and torn up in others. The troops now descended from the twenty remaining cars. These were the Sixth Massa- chusetts, Colonel Jones. Stones were thi'own and two soldiers knocked down; the mob swore that no Union troops should pass through Maryland. Soldiers prostrated were dragged away by Union men ; their muskets were seized by the rioters and discharged into the ranks. At Calvert Street the soldiers turned and fired a volley, which was effective and salutary. The mob was now swelled to six thousand men ; they rifled the ammunition cars at the Philadelphia Station; telegraph wires were cut and bridges burned. The killed and wounded on both sides were not less than one hundred; of the soldiers, three were killed and nine wounded." " April 19th, 1864. — The Maryland State Fair for Union Soldiers success- ful beyond expectation ; the President of the United States a guest where bat lately he was marked as the victim of foul play ; black soldiers marching through the streets urged by white survivors of Libby prison to remember Fort Pillow." The New Era pursued these parallels during the continuance of the fair, and they continued quite as striking up to the 30th of April. Its sales were heavy, being augmented by the labors of a large body of newsboys of both sexes, among them two heroes of the war, and three members of the Veteran RECEIPTS OF THE MARYLAND FAIR. S.OS Reserve. Two liundred and pcvcnt^'-tvvo advertisement.s, the greater part of which were charged five dollars for the season — which opened and closed with the fair — contributed to its success, and it finally sent in its balance sheet t(^ the treasurer, and $1,300 besides. The following table gives a detailed statement of the receipts of tlu^ Mary- land State Fair: Cash oontrilnitions $18,291 0.3 Sale of Tickets 15,585 75 Central Relief No. 1 $s. i'2S 07 Central Relief No. 2 (Confectionerj) 1,070 39 Central Relief Art Table 1,513 51 Central Relief Children's Table 1,389 63 Central Relief New England Kitchen, including Grandma Downing's sales of sanitary varn and Jeff. Davis cravats 2,859 91 15,507 51 West and Newton and Harford County Associations $3,990 21 "West and Newton and IlartVird County Fishing Pond 806 00 4,796 21 National Table 3,950 98 North Baltimore and West End 3,511 20 German 8,000 00 Baltimore County 2,819 97 East Baltimore Branch, Patterson Park Division 2,651 57 Madison Home Circle $1,108 90 Madison Home Jacob's "Well 550 25 1,719 15 Carroll County 1,527 00 Frederick County 1,517 32 Washington County 1,393 45 Lunch Room 1,391 43 New Era , 1,300 05 Howard County 1,217 50 Cecil County 1,048 90 Alleghany County 1 ,026 75 Anne Arundel, aided by Charles, Calvert, and St. Mary's 1,014 25 Union Social and Knitting Circle 920 00 Floral Temple 875 39 Union Sliijper Circle 760 10 Talbot County 060 97 Dorchester and Somerset Counties 638 79 Montgomery County 551 00 Scotch Table, J. Needles & Son 500 00 Exhibition of Paintings 494 87 New England Table 440 50 Kent County 374 10 Strawbridge Circle 346 70 Tableaux 187 70 Umbrella Stand 170 20 Yacht 115 52 ;]56 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Mt'Tiilierj.lii[)S §54 00 Onriosity Kinnri 10 00 $30,431 !'« Deduct expen.-i's, say 10,431 0(> Total net §80,000 00 This sum was equally divided, according to agreenirnt, Letwocu the San- itary and Christian Commissions. But the Christian Commission's share in the Baltimore Fair was a di'op in the bucket, in comparison with its needs. The work of the winter of 1863-64 had drawn heavily upon its resources, and the calls which came with the spring for battle-field stores soon emptied the treasury, or at least left it without a dollar more than was necessary to meet obligations already incurred. The great fairs for the Sanitary Commi.«sion were cither in progress or in prepara- tion, in Brooklyn, New York, Pliiladelphia, and the Christian Commission seemed to be forgotten in the interest which they excited. This state of things, however — the work threatened with suspension for want of means — brought the matter home to thousands who had never before been interested in it, and, upon the publication of an appeal in the papers, the offers of money and stores were renewed, and the oommi.^sion was enabled to proceed. Con- tributions were not only made by individtials, but by corporations, by railway and banking companies, and the commission was urged, in letters received from far and near, and even from the Pacific coast, to send out persons to tell the story of its work, and receive the contributions which such a narrative would certainly induce. " Besides these and other manifestations," we read in the Third Annual Report, " two plans of national breadth were proposed, entirely distinct, by persons separated by the Alleghanies, and by equal extremes of church com- munion, but with hearts beating in unison for the cause of Christ and the soldier. One plan was that of a national subscription, with the aim of raising half a million of dollars. The other was that of Ladies' Christian Commis- sions, with the object of enlisting all evangelical congregations in an organized system of contributions and work. The first promised instant and ample aid in the great emergency ; the second proposed a steady increase for future ex- panded operations." The suggestion of a national subscrij)tion came from a western merchant, and was accompanied by a check for $.t,000. A public meeting, called to further this scheme, was held in the Church of the Epi})hany, in Philadelphia, SOURCES OF SUPPLY. 367 early in May. Bishop Mcllvairie pi-esided, and addresses were made Ly liim, by the Rev. E. M. Kirk, and Mi-. Tobey, of Boston, the Rev. Jos. T. Duryea, Bishop Simpson, and otliers. The sums received in money, checks, pledges, &c., during the evening was close upon $-19,000. No larger sum has ever been raised at any one meeting held in the United States during the war. Large as it was, it was afterwards notably increased. A similar meeting was held in Pittsburgh in June ; and though the Pitts- burgh Sanitary Fair was in progress, $22,000 were received upon the plates, and this was more than doubled the next day. The Thanksgiving offerings in Western Pennsylvania were over $20,000. The collections of the Boston Committee during the year were nearly $165,000 in money, and $250,000 in stores, contained in two thousand one hundred and five packages. Mr. Tobey set up his desk in the Merchants' Exchange, after the battle of the Wilder- ness, as he had done the year before, after the battle of Gettysburg. Tlie New York Committee collected about $103.000 ; and at one of its meetings rings and watches were placed upon the collection plates. The other plan suggested, that of making every church organization in the country an auxiliary commission, came from a clergyman in charge of a large cit3' parish. The principal jDoints were : organization in each evangel- ical congregation; an annual membership, embracing all ages and both sexes; an annual fee of one dollar for each member; the solicitation of clothing, and the preparation of food. This plan was introduced to the public at a meeting held in Concert Hall, Philadelphia, the evening after that licld in the Church of the Epiphany. A committee of a hundred ladies was appointed to carrv out the plan in the city, and to memorialize the women of the nation. The memorial prepared by them was published in the religious papers, and a small pamphlet was issued containing the outlines of the })lan. This sciieme, how- ever, required time, and though it yielded considerable sums, never i-cached the extension it would otherwise have done, on account of the evidently approaching end of the rebellion. The Christian Commission had often been urged to send representatives to the Pacific coast, and such a mission was now determined upnn. 1'he Revs. Dr. Patterson and Mr. Mingins sailed early in the year, entertaining some doubt, however, whether they would be heard. California was suffering severely from drought, which had affected not only agriculture, but all opera- tions in the mines; mining stocks had fallen heavily in value, and, moreover, large sums had been given in aid of the soldier's cau.se, thi'ough the Sanitary Commission. But tlie Californian ear is never closed to appeals like those anS THE TRIBUTE BOOK. now made ; the Golden Gate lies ever open, or if, by chance, it is sliut, the open sesame is easily said and readily heard. Three meetings were held in ten days, and $10,000 in gold received. The Pacific Christian Commission was formed, with J. B. Roberts as chairman ; also, the Ladies' Christian Com- mission of the Pacific, Mrs. Colonel Bowman, and afterwards, Mrs. Mary E. Keeney, president. The ladies of San Francisco held a fair for the commission, which yielded over $50,0ii0 in currency. Festivals were held at Stockton, Sacramento, Napa, and other places; money, in several localities, was given at the polls; auxiliaries were established in Oregon and Nevada. At the close of the year 1864, the commission had received from the Pacific coast over $117,000, and had been notified that $5,500 was on its way from the Sandwich Islands. The following tables give summaries of the total receipts, and of the work and distribution for the third year of the commission — 1864 : Cash receipts of Central and Branch offices $1,207,755 28 Hospital stores contributed 1,169,508 37 Publications contributed 33,0S-i 38 Bibles and Testaments presented by the Americun Bible Societj- 72,114 83 Value of volunteer delegates' services 169,920 00 Value of railroad, steamboat, and other transportation facilities 106,765 00 Value of telegraph facilities, from Maine to California ... 26,450 00 Value of rents of warehouses and offices given without charge to the com- mission 6,750 00 Total values for 1864 $2,882,347 86 GENERAL SU.MMAIiY OK WORK AXD niSTRIBUTIOX FOR 1864. Value of stores distributed $1,714,261 85 Value of publications distributed $446,574 26 Value of stationery distributed $24,834 71 Value of 205 chapels and cliapel tents erected during last winter and the present, in the various armies $1 14,359 78 Boxes of hospital stores and publications distributed during the year 47,103 Copies of Bibles and Testaments and portions of Scriptures distributed during the year 569,594 Copies of hymn and psalm books distributed during the year 489,247 Copies of knajisack books distributed during the year 4,326,676 Copies of bound library books distributed during the year 33,872 Copies of magazines and pamphlets distributed during the year 346,586 Copies of religious, weekly, and monthly newspapers distributed during the year 7,990,758 Pages of tracts ,' 13,681,342 Copies of Silent Comforters, &c 3,691 Delegates commissioned during the year 2,21 / Aggregate number of days of delegates' service 78,869 LABORS OF THE DELEGATES. 8o9 Average number of delegates coustantly in the Held diiriug the year 217 Number of delegates, in the field, January 1, 1865 276 Balance of cash on hand at the central office, January 1, 1865 ^5,420 12 Balance on hand at all the offices $116,315 71 The above figures sliow a very large increase in the resources, and, conse- quently, in the usefulness of the commission, over those for the previous years. This is ascribed to four causes : 1st, to the testimony of the soldiers, some of whom, at home on furlough or sick leave, told their story, personally, dwelling on the benefits they had received, and all of whom, apparently, had written letters, the commission having furnished them, during the year, with paper and envelopes for five millions ; 2d, the testimony of returned delegates, to whose evidence, obtained in this voluntar}', unpaid service, none could listen unmoved; 3d, to the emergencies of the year; and 4th, to the fact, which has been mentioned, that the empty treasury appealed with irresistible effect to many who would not have contributed to well-filled coffers. A few words, now, upon the work accomplished during the year. The whole number of delegates sent out was two thousand two hundred and seventeen, the average number in the field at one time being two liundred and seventeen. Many of these were ministers, lawyers, physicians, merchants, and all were men of character and ability. They were unpaid; the cost of each man's outfit and maintenance, at the charge of the commission, being at the rate of $319 a year. None were sent who could not agi-ee to remain at least six weeks in the service. They were principally useful in relief work, being supplied with whatever was necessary to meet the emergencies of the field. But they discharged numerous other duties. They distributed tracts, Bibles, and reading-matter generally, and in this connection the remarkable statement is made, that the most urgent cry from the anny has always been for the Scriptures, and that the supply has never kept pace with the demand. In conseciuence of this, it was proposed by the American Bible Society to divide the army, for the work of Scripture distribution, into three fields : Eastern, Western, and Southern, with a superintendent for each, paid by the Bible Society, subsisted by the commission. This proposition was accepted and carried out. Other labors of the delegates were those of writing letters for the disabled and dying at their dictation, or of sending home information concerning the dead ; of transmitting messages and mementoes ; of keeping records concerning burial, and of registering and conveying intelligence upon innumerable matters, which, without them, must have been lost. Then, there was their direct work of 360 TUE TRIBUTE BOOK. preaching, praying with the sick, holding religious services, and administering the last rites. '• Their influence for good to the soldiers " — this we can readily believe — '' cannot be understood by those who have not themselves witnessed it. Coming fresh from home, in citizens' dress, full of home sympathies, with physical energy unworn, zeal strengthened by knowledge that their stay must be sliort, and that tlie soldiers' peril is great ; having every facility for their work, chapels to preacli in, stores and publications to distribute, quarters at the best possible centres, wagons and teams and battle-field supplies to go with when the army moves and fights, and, withal, having the men for whom thev lalior iinpi-essed in advance with the fact, that what they do is not done for pav, nor as professional duty, but for the love they bear to them and to Cluist— their influence could not but have unwonted power, and their labor a value above price.' AKMV roiU'S rilAPEI., NKAK I'KTKIISUI' KG. The fii-st experience of chapel work, on a large scale, in the army, was made early in this year. Chapel tents were set up at all the stations of the commission, and competent men were appointed to serve in them. The com- mission furnished canvas chapel roofs to every brigade that was willing to put up log walls to support it. It then supplied them with stores, Bible.*, and hvnui-books, and delegated men to assist the chaplains in the service. At this time one hundred chapels were open for daily worship, and in some of them services were held three times a day. DIET KITCUENS. 361 As winter approached, these chapels were increased both in number and size. One hundred and forty — many of them really beautiful constructions — were in constant use at the close of the year. They were filled every evening by an earnest and respectful throng ; and on Sundays, service succeeded ser- vice till the officiators were compelled, by sheer exhaustion, to desist. The work performed at the stations of the commission was varied and arduous. A delegate would start in tlie morning with an armful of papers and books, and making his way to some regiment or battery, perhaps a mile distant, distribute the contents of his pack. He would seek out the sick, and strive to give him just the thing he needed, whether sympathy, prayer, crea- ture-comforts, or reading- matter. He would invite all the men he saw to attend the evening meeting, or would propose the holding of a special open- air service, if desired. By personal conversation with the soldiers, he would often succeed in guiding their thoughts into unwonted channels, appealing to their better nature against the sins which beset them. " By no possible array of figures or statistics," we read, " can the influence of these winter stations be exhibited. None can ever know how much of sin they have prevented; how many despondent, doubting Christians have been encouraged and strength- ened; how many seeds of Divine truth, sown in hearts seemingly unmoved, were destined some future day to bring forth perfect fruit. None can reckon the value of that comfort given to the faithful soldier, who, in his hard pil- grimage, gained, in these tents of prayer, the Delectable Mountains, and caught a view of the Celestial City." A Special Diet Kitchen service was organized during this year, and was put fully in operation in the "West, while a good beginning was made in the East. The conditions were these : that the Special Diet Kitchens should be kept apart from the general kitchens of the hospitals, and that they should supply the low-diet patients only ; that they should be controlled and supplied by the medical authorities, the commission furnishing whatever the government did not ; and that they should be superintended by women, professed Chris- tians, selected and subsisted by the commission. Mrs. Anne Wittenmyer, of Iowa, was made General Superintendent, and her first report contains much interesting information. After stating the difiiculties of obtaining delicate cooking for the very sick in a general hospital, she says, speaking of the superintendents under the new system : "The preparation of food and the management of kitchen affairs arc made their business and study ; and all that can be done, in co-operation with sur- geons, to meet the demands of a feeble or capricious appetite, is done by them. 362 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Regular diet lists, or bills of fare, are prepared and furnislied to each ward surgeon, who, when he makes his daily round among the sick, is expected to prescribe their diet with as much care as he does their medicine. " All the patients in the hospital, who are not in a condition to go to the general table, or eat the food prepared in the general kitchens, have their meals ordered by the waixi surgeons from the special diet kitchen. These diet lists, or orders, are returned to the diet kitchen, where the food is prepared in such variety and quantity as are embraced in the orders. The ladies charged with the responsible duty of superintending the preparation of diet and the general management of the diet kitchens, are given every facility by the sur- geons, and are provided with all the help they need. Soldiers incapacitated for active field duty are mostly detailed for this purpose. " The ladies (there are usually two connected with each kitchen) personally supervise the preparation and seasoning of every article of food, and are care- ful to see it go out to the wards, suitably prepared, and in sufficient quantity. Twenty-four diet kitchens on this plan are now in successful operation. They are kept perfectly clean and neat, are well furnished and supplied with stores, and every thing connected with the work is conducted in a systematic and orderly manner." Chaplain Thomas, of the Army of the Cumberland, had been detailed from his regiment by General Thomas, to act as reading-agent for the army. Ob- taining a valuable idea from the "Loan Libraries" of the "American Seamen's Friend Society," and laying certain views before the Christian Commission, he elaborated a scheme which the commission enabled him to carry out. The following details of this will be found interesting: Sixty book-cases were made at government expense, by order of General Thomas, and the War Department agreed to furnish two hundred and forty more. These were three feet square, and eight inches deep ; the corners were dove-tailed and bound with iron. Each case contained four shelves, and its two panel doors fastened by lock and key ; its strength was such that it might be hurled from a. precipice and be found unharmed at the foot. A catalogue and register accompanied each case, which contained one hundred and twenty- five volumes, labelled, numbered, and covered. At the close of the year, twenty-five of these libraries had been placed in difterent hospitals, and the books had been bought for one hundred and seventy-five more. There were at this time eighty thousand men in the permanent hospitals of the country. The plan proposed the supplying of the hospitals first, and the army, active and afloat, if possible, afterwards. Several publishing houses furnished the BOOKS AND MAGAZINES FOR THE ARMY. 363 books at half price, which was, in some cases, less than cost. Adams' Express conveyed the books first, and the libraries next, free. No library was put into a hospital unless some responsible person, a chaplain or surgeon, or other official, would agree to take charge of it and to forward a monthly report : this to consist of two parts, a statistical table and illustrative incidents. The table was to show how many times each volume had been drawn, and the incidents were to contain such expressions of opinion about it as the librarian might be able to collect. ';^_;(^ A LAV PKI.KUATli IN TIIK lldSlMTAL. Another idea of Chaplain Thomas, that of supplying the Army of the Cumberland with magazines, was adopted by the commission in April. Thirty-five thousand copies of various periodicals were purchased during the year, and sold in the depths of Tennessee and Georgia at the price they had cost in New York. Each magazine bore a label stating that it had been bought at wholesale rates, transported fi-ee by Adams' Express, and would be sold at the rooms, and by the distributors of the Christian Commission, at cost, to the army and navy only. A rule of the commission, that "lives of pirates and highwaymen must be thrown out as bad," in making selections of books, led Chaplain Thomas, as he himself relates, into a singular act. lie met a soldier with a i>ile of twenty-five cent novels, of which he was endeavoring to dispose among his fellow-soldiers. He acknowledged that it would doubtless grieve his parents to know that he was peddling such trash, — an item of it being the '-Red Rover," by one James Fenimore Cooper, 364 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. whose works are not generally considered pernicious. The soldier was induced to exchange his pack for a batch of "Littell's Living Age," "Eclectic Maga- zines," and " Pitman's Manuals of Phonography," works which are probably no more deleterious in the camp than they are in the grove. Chaplain Thomas was doubtless deceived by a title which, in our day, would be called " sensational," and besides, the Rover was in bad, very bad company ; a Dick Turpin on each side of him, a Pirate's Son on Dick's either hand, with every now and then a Red King and a Flying Artillerist. Thus surroiinded, the Pilgrim's Progress, even, might have passed for some immoral book of travels, and been indignantly laid one side, together with The Bloody Cart- Wheel and The Phantom Bride. The Maryland Committee of the Christian Commission did a great work during this year, incited thereto by the Rev. Andrew B. Cross, of Baltimore. The dust at City Point, during the summer, was absolutely stifling. This, which was annoying in the camp, was almost unendurable in the hospital — the tents and buildings of which covered forty acres. The cooking utensils, the food, the faces of the patients, were coated with dust. Water could not be obtained in sufficient quantities to lay the fiend and supply the hospital. A well was dug through the quicksand ; the government placed two engines by the river-side to force water up the bluff, but the relief obtained was slight. The Rev. Mr. Cross applied to Mayor Chapman, of Baltimore, for the loan of one of the steam fire-engines of the city. The request was granted, and an engine, with two thousand feet of hose, was at once conveyed to City Point. By means of this, not only was the dust effectually laid, but the hosjoital was supplied with pure water from the middle of the Appomatox, the government giving some hundreds of casks in which to hoard it. Steam had never yet been pressed into more grateful service. The commission was enabled to introduce into the army, by the liberality of Mr. Jacob Dunton, of Philadelphia, an establishment invented and built by him, and called a Cooking Wagon. This affair had four wheels, the two in front separating fi-om those behind, as a cannon parts with its limber. It had boilers, furnaces, a fuel-box, a chest for provisions and utensils, a driver's seat above in front, and three smoke-stacks. It cooked first for the flying hospitals, afterwards for the men under fire. It once served a whole division with hot coffee to the sound of the enemy's guns. Here were coffee and ])istols, but for more than two. The following table gives the aggregate value of the three years' receipts-, — to January 1, 18C5, — of the Christian Commission : TOTALS FOR THREE YEARS. 365 Value of Receipts. 1S62. 1SC3. 1SC4. ToUils. Cash receipts at central and branch offices $40,1(10 29 $358,239 20 $1,297,755 28 $1,090,1.54 86 Value of stores received by cen- tral and branch offices 142,1.50 00 385,829 07 1,109,508 37 1,097,487 44 Value of publications presented to central and branch offices... 31,290 32 31,290 32 Value of Scriptures from Amer- ican Bible Society 10,256 00 45,07150 72,114 83 127,442 33 Value of Scriptures from British and Foreign Bible Society 1,077 79 1,077 79 Value of 29,801 hymn-books presented by Array Committee of the Young Men's Christian Association, Boston 1,788 00 1,788 06 Value of delegates' services 21,300 00 72,420 00 109,920 00 203,700 00 Value of railroad, steamboat, and other transportation facilities 13,080 00 44,210 00 100,705 00 104,055 00 Value of telegraph facilities from Maine to California 3,050 00 9,390 00 26,450 00 39,490 00 Value of rents of warehouses and offices presented to the commission 0,750 00 0,750 00 Tot.als $231,250 29 $916,837 05 $2,882,347 80 $4,030,44180 Tliese figures tell but a halting story, however; and the supplementary data, at the close of the volume, for the last few months of the war, will not add much to their eloquenee. The true significance of an enterprise thus feebly sketched will not be set down by any mortal penman ; the theme is one too lofty for earthly records. Doubtless there are, though removed from liuman eyes, tabular views kept in another way and for other ends ; and when the scroll is unrolled, those permitted to read it will see that where we write Dollars, the recording angel has written Immortal Souls. CHAPTER X. %\ .tlQB ^k^mEnh |iriS|B£|^1Wlt, HE effort on the part of the friends of the negro lace in the North to fit him for the responsibilities of freedom, began as soon as the operations of the army and navy opened the way. The capture of Port Eoyal and Beaufort, by Flag-Officer Dupont and General Sherman, brought some eight thousand slaves, men, women, and children, within the United States lines, in the State of South Carolina. But there was a sharper need to be first relieved, however, than that of education ; the negroes, having passed so suddenly from slavery to freedom, were in tlie most abject misery, and were absolutely in a per- ishing condition. It was indispensable to commence by feeding the hungry and clothing the naked ; this done, it might be possible to regenerate the now THE NEW ENGLAND FREEDMEN'S AID SOCIETY. 367 enfranchised people, to reorganize labor, to open schools and clmrches, and to make a beginning towards training the freedmen in habits of honesty and self- reliance. The first society formed with these objects in view was " The New Eng- hind Freedmen's Aid Society." This association had its origin in Boston, at tlie house of the Rev. Jacob M. Manning, in response to an appeal from Mr. K. L. Pierce, United States agent for the liberated slaves of Port Royal. An organization was effected on tlic 7tb of Febi-uaiy, 1862. the following officers being appointed: Pri'sideiit, His E.xcei.lency John A. Andrew. Vice-PresiiUn/n. Ret. Jacob M. Manning, Rev. J. F. Clarke, D. D., Rev. Edward E. IIai.e, Hon. Jacob Sleeper, Rev. J. W. Parker, D. D., Rev. T. B. Thayer, Rkv. F. D. Huntinoton. Treas%irei\ Rccordinfj Secretary. William Endioott, Jun. Edward Atkinson. Committee on Finance. Edward Atkinson, Wm. Endicott, Jun., Martin Brimmer. Wm. I. BowDiTcn, James T. Fisher, James M. Barnard. Committee on TeacJiers. LoRING LOTHROR. GeO. B. EmERSOX, Miss II. E. Stevenson. Dr. L. H. Russell, Mrs. Anna Lowell. Rev. C. F. Barnard. Coniiiiittce on Clothing and SuppUe.1. Mrs. J. A. Lane, Mrs. Wm. B. Rooers, Mrs. Samuel Cabot, Geo. Atkinson, Edward Jackson. An appeal was forthwith issued to the people of New England for money and clothing, and the answer was so prompt that the society was at once able to commence the forwarding of supplies, and soon afterwards to dispatch thirty-one teachers and superintendents. The office of these teachers was not altogether to "teach" in the ordinary sense — that is, to set the pupil a lesson, to see that he learned it, and then to hear him recite it. Some of them never entered a school-house. The negro had quite as much to unlearn as to learn. All the teachings of slavery were to be wiped away. He needed a knowledge 368' THE TRIBUTE BOOK. which lay far behind the alphabet ; his poverty in book-learning was not his worst deliciency. He needed lessons of industry, of domestic management, of thrift, of truth, of honesty — matters in which he had been wilfully led astray. And in these things the teachers commissioned by the society were amply fitted to give instruction, not only by precept, but by example. During the first three years the association employed two hundred and twenty teachers, three quarters of them women. The first went to Port Royal, as we have said ; as the field was extended, and as the government began to aid the society by giving its delegates transportation, shelter, and army rations, others were sent to Washington, Alexandria, Newbern, Norfolk, St. Helena, Jacksonville, Edisto Island, Savannah, and Charleston. The association thought best to concentrate its efforts upon these points, and to leave other stations to societies situated in their own more immediate neighborhood. The efiect of the three years' work upon the negroes of Port Royal is marked, and at this late day no one cares to question or deny it. "They have made wonderful progress in knowledge and comfort, in mannei's and morals. They are self-supporting ; they are prosperous ; they are valuable producers; they are profitable customers; and one out of three of the whole population has received more or less instruction in the schools." In the Third Annual Rej^ort of the society is the following excellent point, excellently made : " We have hinted at a comparison between the negro freedman, as respects industry, and the Italian peasant. Suppose that we should read in the Journal of the Friends of Italy, this : " It is only three years since the drawbacks on Italian national industry have been removed, and here are a few facts. The sales last year to people recently common day-laborers at San Felice (not St. Helena) amounted to fifty-six thousand scudi, and lately at a sale at Velletri (not Beaufort) the same class of people bought, with their earnings, from seventy-five to eighty houses, costing in the aggregate about $40,000. What an argument for the new over the old system would be further statements like these : Tomaso Pelucci (not black Harry) sold last year $1,358 worth of cotton, besides rais- ing corn, pork, and potatoes enough for his family ; and Gennaro Scapi, ex- contadino (not Kit Green, ex-slave), sold his cotton for $4,100. The industry and practical cfiiciency of no class of men, whether white or black, can be measured by what they have done under an oppressive rule, with none of the incitement which comes only from free institutions.'' It might be added to this, that the recoi'ds of the War Department show THE NATIONAL FREEDMEN'S RELIEF ASSOCIATION. 369 that the governmeut has aided more whites than blacks, during the war, by forty thousand. Tlie monetary and supply statistics of the society are as follows, in round numbers : Money received in lSfi2 $10,400 00 Value of goods received in 1802 20,000 00 Money received in 1803 18,500 00 Value of goods received in 180.3 20,000 00 Money received in 1804 30,000 00 Valne of goods received in 1864 2.5,000 00 Total $135,900 00 New England contributed nearly the wliole of these supjjlies, and Massa- chusetts three quarters of the money. Besides this, it will be remembered, as stated in our account of the Western Sanitary Commission, that Chaplains Fiske and Fisher collected $40,000 in money and clothing, in New England, for the freedmen of the Southwest. We may also state that $9,000 were obtained in Boston for the Roanoke Colony, and that New England lias fur- nished the National Freedmen's Relief Association of New York with a large portion of its supplies. The society just mentioned, the National Freedmen's Relief Association, originated at a meeting held in New York, on the 2'2d of February, 1862. Like the New England Society, its first object was to relieve the freedmen of Port Royal and vicinity. Its first officers were as follows : Prcsiihnt. Francis George Shaw. Correspond inrj Secnlnri/, Iiecoriliiig Secretary. Rev. O. 15. FuoTniXGiiAM. George Cabot TVai:d. Treasurer, •ToSEPII B. CoLLIXS. Finance Committee, George Cahot Warh. Jo.seph 15. Collins, Charles C. Leigh. Executive Committee, 0. C. Leigh, Charles Collins, Rev. IIenkt J. Fox. Wii. Geo. Hawkins, Secretary. Athisorij Committee, S. II. TVNG. D. D., W.M. C. r.RTANT. Law Committee, Wm. Allen BrxLEi:, Edgar KETcnuM. ■li 370 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. The objects of the society thus formed were stated in an appeal to the pub- lic for the means with which to carry them out, as follows : " 1st. To relieve the sufferings of the freedmen, as they come within our army lines, by clothing the ragged and naked, furnishing hospitals and medi- cine for the sick, asylums for the orphans, and shelter for the houseless, and aiding in the erection of hundreds of cabins. " 2d. To aid in placing the freedmen in positions of self-sustenance, by procuring them employment, furnishing them agricultui-al implements and seeds, giv-ing them instruction in the best modes of cultivation, and encourag- ing the mechanic by furnishing tools and stock to the carpenter, blacksmith, and shoemaker. " 3d. To establish and sustain schools at all points in the South, where it is safe to do so, for the education of the freedmen and their children ; day- schools for children and youtli, night-schools for adults, industrial schools to teach the women to cut and make clothes for themselves and families, and Sunday-schools for religious instruction. "4th. Eelief to be also furnished to suffering white loyal refugees, to tlie extent of the means contributed for this specific object." At a later date, the society said of itself and its labors : " It has been no jjart of the work of this association to inquire into causes, or to speculate on the future of the negro. We find him naked, and we clothe him ; ignorant, and we instruct him ; without employment, and we give him the materials to earn a livelihood. We find him wounded and bleed- ing by tiie wayside, left half dead by thieves who have robbed him of all he possessed ; ours is to bring him to the inn at Jerusalem, and take care of him." The work thus laid out has been faithfully done, as far as the means placed at the society's disposal has enabled it to go. The progress of the war soon brought two millions of enfranchised men, women, and children within the United States lines. Kept ignorant, almost brutalized, in time of peace, they had been set free, and placed in a position to test their capacity for freedom, by war. All were necessarily degraded, though in various degrees. The old, the infirm, the children, were in a state of utter destitution. The husbands and fithers enlisted by thousands in the armies of their coun- try, leaving, of course, their families in a state of dependence. Here was the field in which this society and its kindred associations had to labor. How to obtain the two great requisites for a successful beginning — money and clothing — was, of course, the first and the vital question. This seemed SOURCES OF SUPPLY. !T1 already answered in the experience of tLe Sanitary Commission, and tLie mucli older jiractice of the Bible, Tract, and Missionaiy Societies — by means of local, town, and village auxiliaries. These local societies should canvass exhaustively their own districts, soliciting old clothing from those who could not give money, and money from those who had no clothing. This scheme, carried into effect, principally in New England, gave the National Association, in three years, over $400,000 in cash and stores. This was collected from all the free states and territories ; from England, Ireland, Scotland, and Canada. THE IDEAL FltEEDMAN.* Without going into details, for which we have not space, we may say, gen- erally, that partly by the efforts of this society, partly by those of kindred associations, very considerable districts of the South have been reorganized and reconstructed. " In the Sea Islands of South Carolina, where the experi- ment was first made, and where the subjects were the least jDromising, large * From a statuette, by J. Q. A. Ward. 379 THE TKIBUTE BOOK. lierds of imbnitcJ slaves have been converted into orderly communities of law- abiding freemen. Under a system of elementary instruction imjDrovised for their benefit, blank ignorance has given place to comparative intelligence, chattel slaves have become landed proprietors, black men are tilling the soil on their own account, agriculture has received a new impulse, and Trade has added materially to the number of her customers." The New York Society had, at the date of its last report, one hundred and thifty-fivo teachers in the field, and was supporting four orphan asylums and four industrial schools. A society, having the same objects in view as those of the two associa- tions just mentioned, was organized in Philadeli^hia, on the 5th of March, 1862, under the name of The Port Eoyal Belief Committee. This was subse- quently changed to that of '• The Pennsylvania Freedmen's Relief Association." This society had, at a recent date, acknowledged the receipt of $61,000 in money, expended in the purchase of supplies, in the erection and support of hospitals, and in the establishment and maintenance of sixteen schools, taught by thirty-eight teachers ; had purchased property and erected build- ings in Washington for a residence for teachers, a store for the I'eceipt and distribution of goods for the poor, an industrial school for instruction in cutting and sewing, and a normal school for training advanced and promising scholars as teachers. It had founded two important auxiliary societies in Pittsburgh and Maryland, the former of which obtained $5,000 in the first few hours of its existence. The Orthodox Friends' Association of Philadelphia, founded in Novem- ber, 1863, had, at a recent date, received $130,000, of which $30,000 were contributed by Friends in England. They had twenty-two teachers at work, had opened two stores in Virginia, with a capital of $8,000 loaned without interest, for the purpose of furnishing goods to tlie frcedmen at or near cost, In seven months the sales had been about $110,000. They had under their care an orphan house for girls at Hampton, Virginia ; had sent out persons to give instruction in agricultural pursuits, and had given away, lent, or sold for less than their value, large numbers of farming-tools, mechanics' instru- ments, and seeds. The Ilicksite Friends' Association had received $10,000 up to the same date, and had expended it in aiding the freedmen. The Northwestern Freedmen's Aid Society of Chicago received in its first fifteen months, ending March, 1865, $137,000 in money and stores ; $10,000 of the cash receipts were earned by a Freedmen's Fair. THE BIRD'S-NEST BANK OF KALAMAZOO. 373 There are other societies laboring in behalf of the freedmen — those of Cincinnati; of the District of Columbia; of Worcester, Massachusetts; of Concord, New Hampshire. The associations of New York and Boston have branches throughout the New England and Northwestern States. Two foreign societies have been liberal in their contributions to the work — the Frcedmen's Aid Society of London, and the Union and Emancipation Society of Man- chester. A more harmonious and united action has always been desired by the various societies above mentioned; seeking but one object, they might natu- rally expect greater success to follow a concentration of their eflbrts. At one period, live of them agreed to come together, to form the " United States Commission for the Eelief of the National Freedmen." At another, three of them united to form the " American Freedmen's Aid Union."' The first object of the latter was stated to be to aid the black man ; its ultimate end to benefit the state. A better nucleus around which to cluster has now been j^rcsented by the government, in the Freedmen's Bureau lately established by Congress, and superintended by Major-General Oliver Otis Howard. There would seem to be no reason why the freedmen's relief associations, which, from the nature of their mission and the extent of their work, must still continue to exist, should not supplement the operations of this bureau — the creation of which they have always desired — precisely as the Sanitary Commission has supple- mented those of the medical staff. We must make room for one instance, out of thousands, of the sacrifices by which these associations have been maintained. It is furnished by the Boston Freedmen's Record : " One friend — who, for a third of a century, has, with her 2:)en, instructed the free and pleaded for the slave, and whose income is about $800 per annum — sent to this office, last winter, $200 for the freedmen. In the spring, the same liberal hand brought $50. In the summer, an engraving of one of Raphael's Madonnas was given to her. Its beauty would have gladdened her heart, had she hung it on the wall of her simple home in Middlesex County ; but, with characteristic generosity, she brought the gift, so precious to her refined taste, to be sold by the Committee on Teachers, for the benefit of the freed people. And now, again, the same tireless liberality has sent us this month $100 more." And we must relate the story of the Bird's-Nest Bank of Kalamazoo, no matter what other story is, in consequence, excluded. The dollars deposited in this bank are not numerous, but there is a fund of another sort there, and ORIGIN OF TilE BIBDS-NEBT BAUK. 374 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. it would be difficult for any suflfercr to overdraw Lis account. The story runs as follows : A collection of Sabbath-scliool children, in Kalamazoo, Michigan, were, and doubtless stdl are, in the habit of meeting together in their chapel, called the Bird's-Nest, on Sunday. In February, 1864, a soldier from the First Michigan Cavalry, encamped near by, entered the chapel, sat down, and list- ened. When the plate was passed around, he put in his penny, saying, " Here is a penny I found in the bottom of my pocket, and it won't grow there ; now I want to deposit it with the 'Bird's-Nest,' and see if it will grow THERE." The teacher took the penny, held it up, and repeated what the soldier had said, adding, " Now we must see if we can jDut this into a soil, where it can take root and grow." The penny was immediately purchased for ten cents by the mother of one of the children, and, as additions were, from time to time, made to the fund thus commenced, it was determined to select some good object which the growth of the penny should benefit. The following resolutions were soon after passed : "Whereas, a soldier of the First Michigan Cavalry deposited with the 'Bird's-Nest,' in February, 1864, a penny for growth, the following rules will be observed in carrying out this object : " I. This enterjmse shall be called the Bird's-Nest Bank. " 11. Any person becomes a stockholder in this bank by paying ten cents to the teacher, and will receive a certificate for the same. "III. Eight tenths of all moneys received from the sale of stock will be used for the education of freedmen, and two tenths for the benefit of the Bird's-Nest, iinder the direction of the teacher." The children of the school now devoted their leisure — their Wednesday and Saturday afternoons — to the sale of shares in this interesting enterprise. Three little girls, of Ann Arbor, disposed of eighty-nine in less than a month. A soldier of the Massachusetts Thirty-third, in Atlanta, sent for seven certificates, to be divided among his seven children. By the time seven hundred shares had been disposed of, the president and directors of the bank were saddened by the news of the death of its founder, who was called away from his cot in an Alexandria hospital, forgetting, perhaj^s, that he had not buried his talent in a napkin, and all unconscious that the penny deposited for growth had produced just seven thousand fold. The president and direct- ors took the penny, polished it, drilled a hole through it, and caused it to be A LETTER FROM THE BIRDS OF OHIO. 375 suspended on Sundays in the Bird's-Nest Chapel, by a ribbon of red, white, and blue. In one year from its foundation, the bank had sold two thousand four hun- dred shares, every loyal state being represented upon its books except — we write it with reluctance — Maryland and Rhode Island. It had sent certificates to South Carolina and Canada, to England and Scotland ; and, like the gold- bearing bonds of the government, its stock was favorably known in Frankfort and at Bingen-on-the-Rliine. A branch office was opened at the Chicago Fair for the freedmen, and the sale of stock was good. An old gentleman of ninety-three years, from Leicester, Massachusetts, took one share, and an Iowa grandmother, who had grandchildren twenty-three, subscribed for a certificate for each. It is idle for us, after thus chronicling the success of this bank, and the rapid dissemination of its obligations, to deny the prevalent rumor, that the directors had been obliged to ask the assistance of Mr. Jay Cooke. Mr. Cooke, we are authorized to state, is not an agent of the Bird's-Nest ; he has sold none of its shares, and we are not aware that he has ever bought any. Persons wishing to invest in a stock whose dividends are payable to others, must write directly to head-quarters, to the Bird's-Nest Bank at Kalamazoo, inclosing, say one dollar for ten shares. The attention of citizens of Mary- land and Rhode Island is especially invited to this privilege. Anne Arundel could not more wisely appropriate her pocket-money. From the correspond- ence of the president and directors, whicli is open to the inspection of all, we make the following ornithological extract: "The Birds of Kirtland (Ohio), to the Robins, Thrushes, Orioles, Quails, Bob- olinks, Sparrows, and Humming-birds of Kalamazoo, send greeting; " Most Amiable Birds : " Truly, there is hope for the world when the little birds assemble in flocks under the same tree, and live peacefully and lovingly in a single nest. We have heard in other times of the Feathered Kingdom. That day is past, and a great revolution is in progress — nay, it is already successful. All hail to the Feathered Republic ! The Eagle, no longer the king and tyrant of any, has become the president and protector of all the birds. We still hear the screaming of the Hawks, and the hooting of the Owls, but we do not admit them to our society, and we trust they find no place in your nest ; for, although the Hawks pretend to chivalry, and the Owls to wisdom, they will do you no good — they will add nothing to your wealth or enjoyment. It gives us great pleasure to know that you concern yourselves with all the birds of our land, and especially with those called the Wandering Blackbirds; for. although they 376 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. cannot boast the brilliant plumage of the Orioles and Humming-birds, we all know that thej have kind and social natures and a pleasant song, and that the great Father of all the birds loves them dearly, and is pleased when the other birds try to do them good. The Hawks and Owls have long oppressed them ; have broken their eggs, devoured their young ones, and destroyed their homes ; but we trust that you give them a cordial welcome to your nest, and that, by the profits of your admirable bank, they will ere long be made as comfortable and prosperous as the rest of the birds. " One of the Kirtland birds, Lennie B. by name, who is eight years old, has received from the old and 3'oung birds of this vicinity five dollars and twenty cents, which he wishes to deposit in your bank, for their benefit." This is the story, and if it could be brought to the knowledge of that class of our population which robs birds'-nests on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons, and even plays truant on other afternoons for the same purpose, we think it would break up the habit. But aid might be extended to black freemen as well as to black freedmen. There was already one method open to those who wished well to the negro in the North — that was to enable him to prove his manhood by fighting for his country. Negro regiments had already been raised in Massachusetts under the direct auspices of the state, the regiments being numbered and their ofiicers appointed, precisely as if they were white. Obstacles existed to this course in Pennsylvania and New York : there regiments could be raised under United States authority only, and for this considerable sums of 7noney were necessary. A number of gentlemen took the matter in hand in Philadelphia, in the spring of 1863, and the result of their action was the appointment of a " Supervisory Committee for Recruiting Colored Troops,'" of which Thomas Webster was made Chairman, Cadwalader Biddle, Secretary, and Singleton Mercer, Treasurer. The subscriptions which were solicited by this committee were to be expended in "defraying extraordinary exjjenses attending the recruiting of three colored regiments for the war." Though these expenses had been $30,000 per regiment in Massachusetts, the committee ventured to say that with $30,000 in hand they could recruit three regiments, and appealed to the citizens for that amount of money. Somewhat more than this was readily obtained. The first squad of eighty men was sent to Camp William Penn on the 26th of June, and on the 24th of July the first regiment, called the Third United States Colored Troops, was full. It lefl camp on the 18th of August, and was in front of Fort Waaner when that work was abandoned. RELIEF FOR THE VICTIMS OF THE RIOTS. 377 The second regiment, the Sixth United States, was fidl on the 13th of Sep- tember, and left camp for Yorktown on the 14th of October. The third regiment, the Eighth United States, was full on the 4th of De- cember, and left camp for Hilton Head on the 16th of January, 1S64. The committee had now fulfilled their pledge, but they still pursued their self-imposed task, recruiting and dispatching the Twenty-second and Twenty- fifth United States during the months of February and March. Not content with this, they opened a free military school at their head-quarters, under the direction of Colonel John II. Taggart, for the education of officers of colored regiments. All the students sent from this institution before the Examininff Board at Washington, passed and received commissions. And now another opportunity was presented. Soon after the quelling of the draft riots in New York, in the second week of July, 1863, in which the negroes, both men and women, underwent frightful persecutions, a meetino- of merchants was held to devise measures for their relief. The following gen- eral committee was appointed : Benj. B. SnERM.\N, .Iackson S. Sciiultz, Samuel Woxets, John D. McKenzie, Edward Ckomwell, Wm. W. Wicjkes, Jonathan Sturges, Richard P. Buck, W. Allan, Geo. C. Collins, Wm. II. Lee, Ciias. E. Beehe, Wm. a. Booth, Horace Gray, Jr., A. R. Wetmore, A. F. OcKERSHAUSEN, W.M. E. DoDGE, JcSEPH B. CoLLINS. T. 0. DoREMUS, At an adjourned meeting, held July 20th, Jonathan Sturges addressed those present, and, in the course of his remarks, spoke as follows : "I have been forty-one years a merchant in my present location. During this period I have seen a noble race of merchants pass away. I cannot help calling to mind the many acts of charity which they performed during their lives. I hardly need to name them ; you all know them. You know how they sent relief to southern cities when they were desolated by fire or pesti- lence ; how they sent ship-loads of food to the starving people of Ireland ; this last act of brotherly love we have had the j^rivilege of imitating during the past winter ; and as often as occasion requires, I trust we shall be quick to continue these acts of humanity, thus showing that the race of New York merchants is not deteriorating. We are now called upon to sympathize with a different class of our fellow-men. Those who know the colored people of this city, can testify to their being a peaceable, industrious people, having their own churches, Sunday-schools, and charitable societies ; and that, as a class, they seldom depend upon charity ; they not only labor to support themselves. 378 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. but to aid those who need aid. This is their general character, and it is our duty to see that they are protected in tlieir lawful labors, to save themselves from becoming dependent on tlie charity of the city. "We have not come together to devise means for their relief because they are colored people, but because tliey are, as a class, persecuted and in distress at the present moment. It is not necessary for our jjresent purjDoses to inquire who the men are who have persecuted, robbed, and murdered them. We know they are bad men, who have not done as they would be done by. Let us not follow their example ; let us be quick to relieve those who are now in trouble, and should we ever find those who have persecuted the negroes in like trouble, let us be quick to relieve theiji also, and thus obey the injunction of our Divine Master: 'Bless those who persecute you.' " An executive committee of the following gentlemen was then appointed : John D. McKexzie, Chairman. Jonwtiian Stui!ge.s, Trcasuivr. Geo. C. Collins, Secretary. Jackson- S. ScniLTZ, A. R. AVetmore, JosEi'H B. Collins, Edward Cromwell. Subscriptions were now in order, and Mr. Edward Cromwell stated that he was authorized by members of the Produce Exchange to hand to the treasurer their check for $800, on account. This was subsequentl}' increased to $1,511. Subscriptions to the amount of §6,500 were recorded before the meeting adjourned. Mr. Vincent Colycr was soon after made secretary, and was authorized to secure a suitable central office. From Mr. Colyer's report of the manner in which the fund, which reached, in tlie aggregate, $-11,086.08, was administei'ed, the following facts are gathered : The negroes, driven from the city by fear of death at the hands of the mob, had taken refuge on Blackwell's Island, at the police stations, in swamps and woods in New Jersey, in the barns and outhouses of farmers of Long Island. Five thousand men, women, and children, absolutely homeless and penniless, were collected in these places. To restore their confidence by establishing some central point at which they could receive aid, and where they would be protected from violence, was the first point to be gained. This was done ; an office was secured in Fourth Street, and opened for business on the 2od of Julv. On the first day, thirty-eiglit applicants received aid ; on the second, three hundred and eighteen ; and on the third, three thousand negroes, all wearing the marks of abject misery, some of them presenting the unhealed evidences of abuse, filled the neighboring streets. The soldiers of the Twelfth Eegiment of State Troops, whose quarters were in an upper story RECRUITING OF COLORED TROOPS IN NEW YORK. 379 of the building, threw out their rations to the throng, when a pitiable scramble to obtain them followed. During the month ending August 21st, six thousand three hundred and ninety-two adults, representing twelve thousand seven hundred and eighty- two persons, had been relieved. The aid extended was principally in money, a small portion being in clothing. Messrs. James S. Stearns and Cephas Brainerd, assisted liy other gentlemen, made out, without charge, over one thousand claims for damages against the city. Of the men relieved, exactly one half were laborers and 'longshoremen, the larger part of the remainder being whitewashers, porters, waiters, carmen, sailoi-s, coachmen, and cooks. Two thirds of the women worked by the day, the rest being princiixdly servants, seamstresses, and cooks. As soon as the more pressing necessities of the sufferers were relieved, four clerks were discharged, and four colored clergymen employed in their places. These persons visited applicants for aid at their homes, making in all three thousand visits, and relieving the wants of one thousand men and women. Ninety-five per cent, of the individuals who asked assistance were found to be worthy of it, and the proportion of vicious and indolent persons was not found to be greater than among the more favored classes of society. The sum of $60,000 was raised in New York for the benefit of the mem- bers of the police, fire department, and national guard, injured in the riots. Of the police, several had licen killed and several dangerously wounded. And now commenced the recruiting of colored regiments in New York ; this measure, if not hastened by the riots, was certainly not postponed an hour by them. On the 12th of November, 1863, the Union League Club of New York appointed a committee of seven members, to adopt and prosecute such measures as they might deem most ellectual, to aid the government in raising and equipping the quota of volunteei-s required of the city. The committee consisted of the following gentlemen : Alexander V.\n Rensselaeu, Cliairman. .James A. Roosevelt, Treasurer. Geo. Buss, Jr., Secretary. Le Gkakd B. Cannox, Elliot C. Cowdix, Chas. p. Kiekland, SnERMAN J. Bacox. The first plan discussed was that of raising a fund to pay additional bounties to volunteers. This was finally rejected, in the belief that though it might fill certain regiments, it would not add to the aggregate number of soldiers in the service. On the 22d of the month a letter was addressed to 380 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Governor Seymour, asking his authority to raise a regiment, or a niimljcr of companies, of colored men in the state. Receiving no encouragement in this quarter, they applied to the Secretary of War, making the following statement : " Our sole bond of association is an unflinching determination to support the government. "We have subscribed a large sum, to be approjn-iated to the raising of a colored regiment, and can procure much more. We believe that by our exertions and influence we can, with the permission of the government, put in the field a regiment worthy to stand side by side with the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts." Authority to recruit the " Twentieth Regiment United States Colored Troops" was soon after received from Washington, and the committee at once applied themselves to use it. Mr. Vincent Colyer was made superintendent of recruiting, and in this position his experience acquired in North Carolina, under General Burnside, was in the highest degree valuable. At first the colored men of New York showed no great willingness to enlist. They had hardly recovered from the terrors consequent upon the riots of July ; agents, moreover, from Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island, had already secured and taken away those most desirous of fighting for their country ; and the conduct of the sub-agents engaged in recruiting for other regiments was of a nature to alarm and deter the rest. As soon as it was known that negroes would be received, runners of the vilest sort rushed into the work. Negi'oes were deceived into enlisting by the grossest pre- tences; they were seized, drugged, and hurried off to the rendezvous. These practices were not confined to the city, but wei'e of ilaily occurrence upon the great highways of travel leading to New York. The blacks naturally became afraid of all men who offered bounties for entering government service, and the agents of the committee were often set upon and driven off by persons who had been previously maltreated and outraged. The means adopted to correct these evils, and to convince the colored population that they were to be fairly treated, were, in the first place, public meetings, held in the colored churches. Addresses were made hy distin- guished gentlemen and by their own pastors, in which assurances were held out that all recruits should be honestly dealt with. Secondly, circulars and hand-bills were issued, stating correctly the amount of bounties and wages the recruit would receive, and the right of their families to their share of the Relief Fund. These statements, endorsed by eight colored clergymen, were distributed widely through the state. In the third place, the Rev. Mr. Garnet visited Riker's Island, heard the complaints of those who had been TUE RECEUITS AND THE STATE COUNTY. 3S1 defrauded, and General Dix at once took measures to arrest and puuisli the offenders. Recruits were now obtained as rapidly as they could be accommodated. Squads arriving in the city too late for the steamer plying between the shore and the rendezvous in the river, were kept over night at the quarters which had been obtained in Fourth Street, and provided with meals. Tliev came by fifties at a time ; the Rev. Mr. Le Vere offered himself, with the larger por- tion of the male members of his congi'cgatioa. William Derii;ks(ju, whose ^\f'~,^ PAEADE OF TUB TWENTIETH U. 8. COLORED TROOrS IN NEW YCaS. motlier was murdered by the mob in July, whose clothes had been saturated with camphene, who had been covered with straw in the street, and who had been rescued by the police as the match was being applied, was one of the earliest volunteers. Many of these men left situations where they were earn- ing from thirty to sixty dollars a month. The time was now approaching when the recruits were to receive their state bounty of seventy-five dollars each man. They naturally desired to send a portion to their families, but as their post-office address was often too obscure to be found by the letter-carrier, they dared not send by mail ; and the hostility to the blacks was so great that the women and children were afraid to venture on the wharf, or on board the steamer plying to and from the island. The committee, therefore, chartered a steamer for this special sendee, 382 TUE TEIBUTE COOK. and fourteen hundred women and cliildren -were carried to the rendezvous on the 2d and 3d of March, 1864. Hundreds of baskets were searched by the guard, but not a bottle of liquor was found. Forty thousand dollars were brought away by their relatives from the men of the Twentieth United States. This regiment having been filled, and another, the Twenty-sixth, having been recruited to the maximum by the 1st of February, authority was asked and received to raise a third, to be called the Thirty-first, though it was thought probable that the effort would fail, as more than half the able-bodied negroes liad actually enlisted. In the mean time, on the 5th of March, the Twentieth Eegiment left for New Orleans. A superb stand of colors, the regimental flag embroidered from a design furnished by Lcutze, was presented with great ceremony in Union Square, in behalf of some one hundred and fifty ladies, the mothers, wives, and sisters of the gentlemen by whose exer- tions the regiment had been raised. Tlic Twenty-sixth left New York on the 2Tth of March for Annapolis and Beaufort, a severe storm preventing the intended farewell ceremonial. Recruiting for the Thirty-first proceeded slowly, as was expected. The State of New York had, according to the census of 1860, but about twenty- three thousand colored males, of whom nine thousand only were of the mili- tary age. Of these, five thousand would, in the ordinary ratio, be able-bodied and fit for service, and two thousand two hundred of the five thousand had already volunteered. A portion of the remainder, probably fifteen hundred, had entered into regiments belonging to other states, and several hundreds of others were in government employ as servants or teamsters. Three comjia- nies were, however, filled, and were ordered away in April, under the senior captain ; a consolidation was effected with three hundred men raised in Con- necticut, thus forming a battalion under a lieutenant-colonel. The battalion lost heavily in the battle of the crater at Petersburg, but was afterwards filled to the maximum, and a colonel was appointed to the command. The expenses of the committee in raising these three regiments were $19,000. The League had already raised $20,000 for the purpose, and would have furnished as much more as the committee had called for. More was not raised simply because it was not wanted. The conduct of the troops thus put in the field was such as to gi'atify those who had given their means or used their influence to further the measure, to silence those who had opposed it, and finally, when too late, to provoke a similar innovation on the part of the enemy. CHAPTER XI. INTERNATIONAL RELIEr — , st-. \. ~: -Vis THE QEORGK GEISWOLD, LADEN Wlrn BEKAnSTrPFS. --::> A STATE of things in the manufacturing districts of England, wliich had long been looked upon as inevitable, in consequence of the scarcity of cotton and the stagnation of American markets, existed, especially in Lancashire, in the summer and fall of 18C2. In July, the large manufacturers began to close their mills, and in October one half of the operatives were out of employment. 384 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. while tlie remainder were working on sbort time. On the 1st of December, two hundred and fifty thousand persons were reeeiviiig parish relief in Lan- cashire, and as many more in Derbyshire were wholly dependent upon charity. In Glasgow and Paisley, in Belfast and Ballymena, the distress was hardly less acute. Death from starvation, or from disease induced by insufiicient food, had already taken place, and winter was close at hand. The idea of sending relief from America had been broached in several quarters, and a meeting was finally called in New York for the 4th of December, to take counsel on the propriety of such action. The attendance was large, and resolutions were unanimously jriassed, approving the object of the call, and advising that measures of relief be at once adopted. A letter was read from Messrs. N. L. & George Griswold, in which these gentlemen, after suggesting that a national subscription be set on foot, offered the use of a new ship, of eighteen hundred tons, for the conveyance of supplies, and their own services, if needed. Another letter was then read as follows : " New York, December 4, 1862. " To till' Chairman of tlie Committee for sending Aid to the Operatives of Lancashire: " Dear Sir : — I i-ejoice to see that our people are about to open the door of our bursting granaries, to send relief to the starving operatives of Lan- cashire. " The poor fellows have acted nobly ; famishing men, surrounded by their wives and little ones, ' fliint, and at the point to die,' will not join the clamor of interested leaders. "The value of our unity as a nation is well tinderstood by them, and they refuse to part with their birthright in this land of promise. " We offer them freely a welcome and a homestead ; and now that the blow, aimed at our existence, has fallen upon them too, shall we, who feed and heal those who aimed that blow when war brings them into our power, refuse these poor, innocent sufferers a helping hand in this winter of their calamity ? " No ! thank God, we have bread and to spare, and they will not say, ' I was an hungered, and ye gave me no meat.' "Will you add to your list 'One Thousand BaiTels of Flour,' from one whose loaf will taste the sweeter for sharing it with a famished brother, and brand it 'Union.' " A check for $7,000. to pay for these thousand barrels, accompanied the • INTERNATIONAL RELIEF. 385 letter. The check was signed by John C. Green, who afterwards gave $5,UUU more. Thus a good shiji and part of her cargo were ah-eady obtained. Stimu- lated by these honorable examples, the merchants of New York responded liberally to the appeal, and $26,000 were subscribed at once. A committee of seventeen was appointed, as follows : Chairman, John C. Gkeen. Secretiiry, Treasurer, John Tatlok Johnston. A. A. Low. J. J. AsTOR, Jr., ■ Robert L. Kennedt, Samuel D. Babcock, Ciias. II. Marshall, S. B. Chittenden, Thomas Tileston, William C. Dodoe, Edwin D. Morgan, GeOROE GrISWOLD, RflBERT B. Mintlrn, Moses Taylor, John J. Phelps, John Jay, A. T. Stewart. Additions to the committee were subsequently made, till it finally con- sisted of eighty-six members. An appeal " to the American people in behalf of the suft'ering operatives of Great Britain" was immediately issued. A committee appointed by the Chamber of Commerce subsequently fused with the committee of merchants; while another, appointed by the Produce Exchange, retained its organization, though co-operating with them, and con- signing their purchases of supplies to the same parties in Liveiqjool. This committee forwarded one thousand barrels of flour by the ship Hope, which sailed some days before the George Griswold, the philanthropic clipper. The desire to aid in the work of charity seemed to be well-nigh universal. While the solid men drew their checks, while railway and telegraph com- panies offered the free use of their lines, hard-fisted citizens offered their ser- vices without charge. The Griswold had arrived in ballast from Boston, and the Ballast Masters' Association tendered their lighters to discharge her. The Association of Stevedores proposed to load her ; Mr. Edward Bill purchased eleven thousand barrels of flour without commission ; Mr. Mui-phy offered to pilot the vessel to sea ; and Captain George Lunt volunteered to take her across the ocean. On the 9tli of January, 1863, the Griswold was ready for sea, and the committee and invited guests assembled on board, to bid her farewell and God-speed. Prayer was offered by the Rev. William Adams ; and statements 25 386 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. were then made of the progress which had been effected, and of the cargo phiced in the ship. These may be summed np as follows : By the Relief ('otiuitittee. By the Produce E.rchange Committee. 11,236 ban-els of flour, 1,.500 ban-els of flour, 50 " pork, 50 " beef, 125 " bread, 200 boxes of bacon, 375 boxes " 8 tierces of rice. 200 '■ bacon, 500 bushels of corn. The Griswold sailed upon the 9thof January, and entered the port of Liver- pool on the 9th of February, after a boisterous passage. She was followed soon after by the Arkwright and James Foster, Jr., carrying three thousand barrels of flour, sent by the ilerchants" Committee. The Energy, the Emerald, and other vessels, successively departed, with two thousand five hundred and seventy-nine barrels of flour and three tierces of hams, from the two commit- tees. The total shipments of the two committees were, therefore, as follows : Relief Committee. Produce Exchange Committie. 15,993 barrels of flour. 2.859 barrels of flour. 125 barrels of bread, 208 boxes of bacon, 375 boxes " 50^ barrels of beef, 500 bushels of corn, 8 tierces of rice, 200 boxes of bacon, 2 bags " 50 barrels of pork. 3 tierces of hams. The total collections for the relief of the sufferers in Great Britain .were as follows : Collected by the International Relief Committee $141,5-10 G-l - Produce Exchange -' 28,875 00 - Philadelpliia " about 62,000 00 Sliip-load of provisions sent by A. T. Stewart to Ireland 30,000 00 Contribution to Irish relief in New York 30,000 00 Brooklyn 1.5,000 00 " " " elsewhere, about 40,000 00 Total, about $347,415 il4 The provisions sent from New York were distributed among one hundred and eighty-three distinct localities in England, Ireland, and Scotland. They were generally received in the spirit in which they were sent, though the com- ments of one of the London weeklies were, literally, outrageous. But the operatives ate the proffered food, nevertheless, and few of those who sent it evei" read the malignant Saturday Review. CIIAPTEE XII. AID TO EAST TENNESSEE. .i*fe-sa l^J:' East Tennessee, which became at the very outset of the rebellion a puint of great interest to all, was inhabited, at that time, by about three hundred thousand souls, chiefly farmers of moderate means, cultivating their own homesteads. There were few slaves among them, fully nine tenths of the population being freemen. These, at an early date, avowed their determina- tion to stand by the Union — a step which at once brought ujjon them the most cruel and unrelenting persecution which the history of modem wars has been called upon to chronicle. Owing to their isolation, the government was unable, for two years, to reach and protect them, and during this time, a memorial was sent to Congress by Colonel Taylor, an East Tenncssean, in which he made the following statements : " In 1861, when the question was presented, out of a vote of forty thou- sand, they gave thirty thousand majority for the Union. Their arms and ammunition were seized, before they could organize, by the rebel soldiers; and though the government, which owed them protection, did not protect them, yet their hearts clung to the government, and they jirayed for the Union. Five thousand of their men have seen the inside of rebel prisons, and hundreds of them, covered with filth and devoured by vermin, have died 388 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. martyrs to their country there. Their property has been seized, confiscated, their houses pillaged, their stock driven off, their grain consumed, their sub- stance wasted, their fences burned, their farms devastated by friends as well as foes .... Their young men have been hunted like wild beasts by soldiers, by Indians, sometimes by bloodhounds, and, when caught, tied two and two to long ropes, and diiven before cavalry, thin-clad, barefooted and bleeding, over frozen roads and icy creeks and rivers. Some have been beaten with ropes, with straps, with clubs. Some have been butchered, others shot down in their own houses or yards, in the high-road or the field, or in the forest; others, still, have been hung up by the neck to the limbs of trees, without judge or jury. I have heard of no single neighborhood within the bounds of East Tennessee whose green sod has not drunk the blood of citizens murdered." Even when this devoted district was occupied by the United States forces, relief could not be at once rendered, for General Burnside, compelled to make forced marches upon Knoxville, had no provision train with him, and, of necessity, lived off the country. Communication, however, was finally opened, and a terrible cry for relief was at once heard from the afflicted people. Colo- nel Taylor, who had formerl}' represented them in Congress, was deputed to visit the North to make their condition known, and ask for assistance. This was rendereil, more jiarticularly at two points, Boston and Philadelphia. Colonel Taylor addressed the Legislature of Massachusetts, and so great was the sym- pathy excited, that a resolution was at once introduced, appropriating $100,000 from the State Treasury for the relief of the people of East Tennessee, in spite of the grave doubts entertained of the constitutionality of such a meas- ure. A public meeting was held at Faneuil Hall, on the 10th of Feliruary, 1864, in furtherance of the movement, the following officers being appointed : President, EnwAiin Everett. Vice-PrcsiiJen ts. Governor Andrew, Hon. Charles G. Loring, James Lawrence, Mayor Lincoln, William Claflix, Richard FROTiiiX(;iiAM, Hon. J. E. Field, Patrick Donaiioe, Julius Rockwell, " A. If. Bullock, William B. Rogers, Charles L. Woodburt, " R. C. WiNTHROP, Charles B. Goodrich, John M. Forbes. Secretaries, Colonel F. L. Lee, Samuel Fijothingiiam, Jr. Mr. Everett, on taking the chair, made a short but most beautiful and sym- pathetic address, describing the natural characteristics of the region for which he had come to plead, its rivers, valleys, and mountains : fertile, many of them, EAST TENNESSEE. 389 to tlieir summits ; its mines, its mineral springs, its frugal, industrious, and loyal population, its temperate and healthful climate, its soil equally divided into farms tilled each by its owner, the labor of slaves being almost unknown. He closed his picture of the American Switzerland by a paraphrase of the German poet : On the mountains is Freedom : tlie breath of the vales Rises not up to tlie pure mountain gales; and gave way to Colonel Taylor, with the practical assertion : " If the Union means any thing, it means not merely political connection and commercial intercourse, but to bear each others burdens and to share each other's sacri- fices ; it means actual sympathy and efficient aid." Colonel Taylor then told his sad, almost incredible story. On reaching the point in his narrative where the United States forces entered the territory, he said: "Four times have the Union and rebel armies traversed tlie whole length of East Tennessee, exhausting the country all around for current sup- plies, and, at every movement, widening the track of ruin tliat they left behind them. In the path of the armies came robbers, who found convenient hiding-places in the mountains that skirt our valleys, and came down and claimed their share of the property of our plundered people; and thus it came to pass that our barns and stables, our cribs and dwellings, were entered and robbed, and our people left utterly destitute. Our blankets and bed-clothing, every thing of woolen that was calculated to render the soldiers more comfort- able, was seized by the strong hand and carried away. Our tanneries shared the same fate. The}' had all been compelled, in the reign of the rebels, to contribute sixty per cent, of their leather to the government for the slioeing of their soldiers ; but now, when they were retreating from the state, they seized all the leather in the vats and bore it away, leaving our old men and women and children to meet the rigors of the passing winter barefooted, as well as almost naked. " Believe me, fellow-citizens, East Tennessee has drunk the full cup of suf- fering, and nothing seems left her but to drain its bitterness to the very dregs. She has sacrificed every thing but loyalty and honor ; she has suffered every thing but dishonor and death ; and now, destitution and famine, followed by despair and ruin, are trampling upon the thresholds of her sad homes — are entering their very doors, ready to consummate the sacrifice and complete the suffering. But, thank God, throughout her sufferings slie has been faith- ful. Persuasion, threats, insults, imprisonments, wounds, stripes, privations, 390 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. chains, confiscation, gibbets, and military murders, the clash of arms, the ter- ribleness of armies with banners, and all the combined and concentrated horrora of internecine war marshalled upon her battle-torn bosom, and hurl- ing sorrow and ruin into all her homes, have never corrupted her loyalty, nor driven her a solitary line from her devotion to the government of her fathers. . . . East Tennessee, my native East Tennessee, has sacrificed all she had for the country. Her barns and mills, her flocks and herds, her cattle upon a thousand hills, have all been offered up. Her corn and wheat are all consumed ; her young men — all who have not perished in the camp and on the battle-field — are now swelling the ranks of your victoiious armies; and, sir, our matrons and maidens, our old men and little children, our soldiers' widows and orphaned babes, are all bound and upon the altar. Already the sacrificial knife is uplifted ; it trembles in the hand of Famine. May God save my people, and avert the stroke in this their day of trial !" Upon the conclusion of Colonel Taylor's appeal, a series of resolutions was offered and adojjted, the following being the pith of the whole: "That we call upon our legislature to make a liberal grant in aid of the loyal population of East Tennessee, and that it will be a matter of just pride that the name of our old commonwealth shall head the national subscription, which will carry hope and life to those noble men and women." The officers of the meeting were then made a committee to present the subject of the resolu- tions to the legislature. The report of the proceedings of this meeting appeared in the Boston papers of the 11th of February. No allusion had been made to the subject of private subscriptions, the object of the assemblage having been exclusively to create a public sentiment in favor of a legislative appropriation. Mr. Everett nevertheless received, on the same day, the following letter, written apparently in a female hand, and enclosing three dollars : "Boston, February 11th, 1864. "Dear Sir : — Enclosed is a mite which I wish forwarded with the thou- sands and tens of thousands of dollars that I hope will be sent forward fi'om this goodly city of Boston, to alleviate the unparalleled sufferings of our dearly beloved countrymen in East Tennessee. " Such earnest, eloquent pleading as comes to us from our old cradle of liberty, can not be unheeded by any patriot or lover of his race. " Teacher of a Public School. "Mr. Everett." AID TO EAST TENNESSEE. 391 Mr. Everett publicly acknowledged the receijit of this letter and its inclosure the next day, adding: "Small as the sum is, I doubt not it is large for the means of the giver, and it will sustain the life of one of our starving brethren in East Tennessee for a fortnight. If a small portion of our community only would, according to their ability, imitate this example, that desolated region might again become the happy valley of the South." Contributions now began to flow in; but it was evident that people were holding off, and awaiting the action of the legislature. " We are moving very slowly," wrote Mr. "W. II. Gardiner to Mr. Everett " Private citizens seem to be waiting for some action of the legislature ; the legislature seems to be waiting to know how the people would like to see their money given away ; but while we ponder, Tennessee starves." This letter contained a check for $200. The tide of sympath}-, as evidenced by acts, now rose higher and EAST TENNESSEE HEFUGEES. higher, though the probability of state aid being afforded was increased by the presentation of a memorial to the two houses, affirming the constitutionality of such a grant, signed by Judge Curtis and others. Mrs. Pratt, in her ninety- seventh year, sent $250 ; Dr. Jackson, $50 ; Mr. William Gray, $500, with the promise of as much more, if state aid were withheld. On the 25th, the Speaker of the House, Mr. Bullock, apprised Mr. Everett that the legislature, jicting under grave doubts as to the legality of making an appropriation, had voted, though reluctantly, against it. He broke the / 392 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. unwelcome news, however, by interposing his check. This gave a new impulse to individual beneficence, and, on February 29th, more than §4,000 were received. An appeal to the people of Massachusetts was issued on the 2d of March, up to which date nearly $20,000 had been spontaneously contrib- uted. Half of this sum was sent to Mr. Lloyd P. Smith, of Philadelphia, who was just starting for Knoxville with the proceeds of the Pennsylvania subscription in the same behalf* In one day, the 3d of March, $6,350 were added to the Massachusetts fund. On the 8th, $1,000 were received from the Forty-fourth regiment, the officers and men having diverted that sum from the regimental fund. $52,000 had been received in the thirty days following the meeting in Faneuil Hall. The Ladies' Sewing Circle having intimated through their president, Mrs. George Ticknor, that they would gladly make up any material furnished them for that purpose, the sum of $2,000 was placed at their disposal. Two thousand nine hundred and twenty-one articles of clothing were forwarded from the rooms of the association. $60,000 were now paid upon the drafts of gentlemen accredited from the Relief Society of Knoxville, and the whole fund was finally disposed of in this way. In the mean time, the fund increased. From entertainments at Chickering's Hall, from concerts, dramatic performances, and exhibitions of tableaux, from children's fairs, from church collections, as well as from individual subscrip- tions, came large and small tributary streams, till, by the end of April, the accumulated collections amounted to $91,000. " One hundred thousand," says Mr. Everett, ''the amount of the appropriation jtrojiosed in the legisla- ture, had been assigned by public opinion as the sum which we should en- deavor to raise by private subscription ; and, on the 4th of June, that amount was reached. The foundation was laid in the teacher's donation of three dol- lars, on the 11th of February. The headstone was carried up by $1,000 received from a children's fair at the house of Di'. T. I. Talbot, on the 4th of June." The last donation was made on the 26th of October, being the * The officers of tlie Penusylvania Relief Assoeiation fur East Tennessee were as follows : President, . , Es-Gov. Jajies Pollock. Secretary, Treaswer, JosEPU T. Thomas. Caleb Cope. Chairman of the Cornnattee on CoUcctions, and for tlie Foruardiitg of Supplies, J. B LiPPlNCOTT. Chairman of Erenitit'c ( oin7nittee, Llotu p. Smith. Tbe collections of this association were nearly ?30,000. EAST TENNESSEE RELIEF FUND. 393 proceeds of a, fair in Pinckney Street, Boston; bringing the total up to $102,180.08. Some $5,00(t worth of ready-made clothing was also con- tributed. In commenting upon '■ this most remarkable and suggestive fact devel- oped by the war/' the Knoxville Whig, of June 25th, said : " Between Ten- nessee and Massachusetts there has never been any identity of habit or thought, and no close commercial or personal ties, which sometimes bind together the citizens of neighboring states. Indeed, we have been taught for many years, though we did not all believe, that the people of the North were narrow-minded, .selfish, cold, and avaricious. But no sooner do they liear the tale of destitution of a people fifteen hundred miles away, than, with the instincts of a common humanity, a common religion, a common patriotism, they outstrip all others in the most generous race of charitv We say, from the bottom of oui- heart, all honor to glorious old Massachusetts ! The people of that state are indeed our neighbors and our brethren And so of nearl}' every state. Let us hold them in everlasting remembrance, and prove ourselves worthy of their beneflictions." The following list of the suliscriptions to the East Tennessee fund is given very nearly as it appeared in Mr. Everett's report, except that, to .er 100 00 Jacob A. Dresser 50 00 John Collamore 50 00 J. "Wiley Eilmands 500 00 Mrs. E. R. ISfudge 50 00 From the Second Church in Dor- chester, of which from Mrs. Walter Baker $100, and from the Misses Oliver $50* 3'25 00 Mason G. Parker 25 00 George H. Tilton 25 Od William W. Tucker 100 00 Field, Converse & Allen 100 00 Miss Elizabeth S. Bangs 30 00 J. Eliot Cabot 50 00 Dresser, Stevens & Co 50 00 J. E. Thayer & Brother .100 00 W. B. Si)ooner 200 00 G. B. Gary 50 Oo Sidney Bartlett 100 00 J. Appleton Burnham 100 00 Charles Hook Appleton 100 OO Charles Amory 100 0(J Patrick Donahoe 100 00 Rev. 0. T. Thayer 50 On Rice, Kendall & Co 100 00 J. C. Howe & Co 1,000 00 Jos. S. Fay 100 00 H. P. Sturgis 100 00 Henry Lee 100 00 Henry Lee, Jr 50 00 Mrs. Heni-y Lee, Jr 50 00 W. H. Guild 50 00 E. R. Mudge, Sawyer »fe Co . . . . $500 00 Col. Samuel Swett : 40 00 Benjamin S. Rotch 100 00 Mr.s. C. G. Loring 200 00 lion. J. C. Dodge, Cambridge. . 50 00 Henry Upham 100 00 William Parsons 100 00 Rev. Henry AV. Foote 30 00 Josiah Qnincy, Jr 100 00 Prof F. J. Child, Cambridge. . . 25 00 W. S. Bullard 250 00 Hon. Artemas Hale, Bridgewater 20 00 Charles Brewer & Co 100 00 Alexander Moseley 100 00 I)aniel Hammond 50 00 Alfred Winsor & Son 100 00 G. W. Bond 1 00 00 Dr. Charles E. Ware 50 00 James O. Satt'ord 100 00 Dr. Jacob Bigelow 150 00 William O. Grover 100 00 William S. Whitwell 50 00 AVilliam Durant 100 00 Mrs. J. Augustus Peabody 50 00 Mrs. C. William Loring 50 00 Thomas G. Api>leti>n 100 00 Miss Ellen M. Ward 100 00 Miss Julia E. Ward 100 00 Harrison P.Page, Watertown.. 100 00 Dr. Charles Beck, Cambridge.. 100 00 Mr.s. Anna S. Muring 25 00 T. W. Wellington, Worcester. . . 50 00 Mrs. M. Lowell Putnam 100 00 Mrs. S. A. Wright 20 00 Seth Bemis, Newton 50 00 Edward Cruft 50 00 Mrs. S. Cabot, Hrooldine 100 00 Mrs. E. W. Forbush 20 00 Dr. O. W. Holmes 100 00 Dr. H. Richardson 25 00 Miss E. Richardson 25 00 * The donation from tlie Second C'hurch in Dorchostcr was accompanied t)y tlie fullowiiig note : "Dorchester, 29lli Feb., 18(>4. " Dear Sir : — I have tlie pleasure of tran-imittin;;' to you $335, a contribution for the Patriots of East Teuuessee from friends in tlie Second Church, Dorclicstcr. We observe a fourth Saliliath eveuing of eacli month as a time for prayer for our country, and last evening tliought it fittiug to act as well as prity. " With nnic-h i-i-sjicct, 1 am. " Dear sir. truly your^, [Signed] "Jajies A. .Means. liixtor." 396 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Win. B. Bradford Faulkner, Kimball & Co Wellington Brothers, East Cam- bridge Elisha Atkins Master Edwin F. Atkins James L. Little William Miinroe Dr. Edward Reynolds Miss Mason Miss S. L. Mason Hon. P. Sprague Samuel A. War J. S. Barstow George M. Soule C. A. Cummings C. F. Bovey & Co Wm. P. Mason Mrs. Daniel Denny Dr. W. R. Lawrence J. H. Billings Amherst, by the hands of Col. W. S. Clark Benjamin R. Gilbert Alexander Beal, Dorchester. . . . B. D. Emerson, Jamaica Plain. . Ezra Abbott, Cambridge John Bertram. Salem Hon. R. II. Dana, Jr Geo. W. AVheel Wright Miss C. H. Wild Weld Farm, West Roxbiiry Edward Atkinson D. W. Salisbury Burr Brothers & Co Henry L. Pierce, Dorchester . . . Francis Cabot Arthur Searle Messrs. Claflin, Saville & Co. . . . Eaton, Curaings & Co Francis Williams, Quiney Henry Williams Elbridge Torrey Mrs. James Lawrence Professor Asa Gray, Cambridge. L. Grozelier C. W. Clark Mrs. N. I. Bowditch J. Ingersoll Bowditch Mrs. J. I. Bowditch Wm. Claflin $50 00 500 00 50 00 100 00 10 00 250 00 200 00 50 00 50 00 25 00 30 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 25 00 500 00 200 00 100 00 100 00 50 00 250 00 50 00 25 00 100 00 20 00 200 00 .30 00 50 00 25 00 80 00 50 00 100 00 200 00 100 00 25 00 20 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 25 00 10 00 200 00 20 00 10 00 25 00 500 00 200 00 100 00 200 00 Hon. Seth Ames $50 00 S. C. Thwing 100 00 Pvev. Dr. Ellis and Mrs. Ellis, Charlestown 110 00 Mrs. II. B. Rogers 100 00 William Read & Son 100 00 D. P. Ives 100 00 J. E. Piper 5 00 Rev. Dr. C. A. Bartol 100 00 Leverett Saltonst.all 100 00 Ariel Low & Co 100 00 II. II. Ilunnewell 300 00 Wm. Gray, Jr 250 00 Mrs. S. P. Miles, Brattleboro'. . . 50 00 Samuel Frothingham 150 00 Samuel Frothingliam, Jr 50 00 Dr. Henry Bartlett, Roxbury. . . 50 00 S. G. Snelling 50 00 Lindsley, Shaw & Co 100 00 Henry Wainwright 100 00 Rowland, Hinckley & Co 50 00 J. G. Kidder 100 00 John A. Blanchard 100 00 Naylor & Co 300 00 Sewall, Day & Co 100 00 J. Field 200 00 Chas. II. Coffin, Newburyport . . 100 00 Charles B. Poor 25 00 J. W. Paige 100 00 J. F. B. Marshall 50 00 Miss Harriet S. Hay ward 100 00 Lemuel Shaw 50 00 A. B. Almon, Salem 30 00 George H. Gray anplotcui 100 00 Hon. Richard Fletelier 100 Go Mrs. Judge Putnam* 30 00 J. M. Forbes 250 00 Hon. Jas. Arnold, New IJodford. 500 00 E. S. Dixwell 20 00 Hon. David Sears 150 00 Samuel B. King, Taunton 100 00 Theodore Dean, " 100 00 Edmund Baylies, '• 100 00 Mrs. Geo. A. Crocker, " 50 00 Timothy Gordon, " 50 00 Francis B. Dean, " 50 00 Joseph Dean, " 50 00 Artemas Briggs, " 50 00 Sylvanus N. Staples, " 50 00 Allen Presbrey, " 25 00 Charles R. Atwood, " 25 00 Charles Robinson, " 25 00 Enocl! Robinson, ". 25 00 TVilliam Brewster, " 25 00 Le Baron B. Church, " 25 00 Jesse Hartshorn, " 20 00 A. King Williams, " 20 00 James Henry Sproat, " 20 00 Nathan A. Skinner, " 20 OO Charles H. Brigham, " 20 00 Other subscribers in Taunton. . 120 00 Chas. Hickling, Roxbury 50 00 Hartley, Lord & Co 100 00 George T. Rice, "Worcester 100 00 F. Nickerson & Co 100 00 Rev. Dr. S. K. Lothrop 10 00 Citizens of Amherst, N. II 282 00 James C. "Ward, Northampton. . 25 00 P. Holmes, Kingston 100 00 "V\'m. S. Adams, " 100 00 Sabin & Page Mrs. J. Gardner ....'. Wm. Knowlton, Ujiton Franklin Haven Proprietors of the " Christian Examiner " George Allen Mrs. Abbott Peter Smith, Andovcr, Mass . . . Edwin Upton Francis Draper, Cambridge. . . . Alpheus Hardy <.fc Co AVebster & Co Sampson Reed Reed, Cutler & Co E. B. Welch Centre Cliurch in Ilaverlidl .... Edward Warren, M. D., Newtou Lower Falls Currier & Greeley Mrs. J. M. Codman, Brookliue. . Mrs. Nancy "White George Hews C. Ellis, M. D E. H. Eldredge Rolfe Eldredge The venerable President Quincy. Wm. M. Byrnes G. Rogers Isaac F. Dobson Francis Peabody AV. Amory J. P. Gardner J. D. Bates (!. M. Barnard T. Qiiincy Browne lasigi, Goddard it Co Mi.ss M. G. Loring "Waldo Flint Mrs. Tyler Bigelow, Watertown. Mrs. Theodore Chase Mary Leary, Halifax, N. S., now of AVest Newton Dabney & Cunningham G. Race Unitarian Society at AVatertown. P. A. Gay Jona. Ilowland, New Bedford. . SJioO 00 50 00 100 00 100 00 20 00 50 00 25 00 100 00 50 00 50 00 100 00 109 00 50 00 100 00 50 00 28G 00 4-5 00 100 00 50 00 50 00 25 00 50 00 100 00 50 00 100 00 20 00 20 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 50 00 50 00 100 00 50 00 300 00 50 00 50 00 100 00 50 00 2 00 50 00 10 00 4\r, GO 50 00 50 00 * This vcneTubk" lady cuntrilmtcd liy lic-r nucdle-work over a. buiulrud dollars to tUu Fair for thu Saui- Larv Coniniissiou. 400 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Pupils of Mr. T. Prentiss Allon's School, New Bedford* The master of the school Captain Latham Croos W. R. Austin, Dorchester Congregational Ch. in Shrews- bury N. G. Manson First Evangelical Congregational Church, Cambridgeport Mrs. Deborah Powers, Lansing- burg, N. Y ..) ( 00 8 00 50 00 2.5 00 5.3 50 50 00 240 92 500 00 .Joseph Willard Rev. S. M. Worcester, Salem . . . Sophy Hayes Hon. John U. Clitford, ^'ew Red- ford Edward Page W. 0. Cabot Mrs. Gara'l Bradford Samuel May, Jr., Leicester. . . . William B. Howes, Salc:n Amos Cummings Claire A. L. Rice, llaiivers Centre e25 00 10 00 20 00 100 00 50 00 2.J 00 50 00 10 00 lUO 00 50 00 5 00 EAST TENNESSEE. *Tlie subscription paper at Mr. Allen's school had the following caption: "Tlic Iciyal lioys of Massacluisctts to tlie loyal hoys of Tennessee send greeting: Having heard tlirougli Colonel Taylor of the liardships and the privations tliat you have endured, while your fathers and our fathers have been struggling side l)y side, for the support of the Union cause and in defence of liberty, and feeling that, althouu;!! remotely situated, we are brotliers, and have a united interest in the prosperity of our glorious country, we wish to manifest to you our sympathy; and as we have been prosperous while you have been suffering, we wish to send you a trifle from our abundance. Accept, tlien, these contributions from our own private stores, and be assured we are happy to do our part towards relieving your wants and encouraging you to hold out, until better days shall conic, as we hope they will soou come to you." EAST TENNESSEE RELIEF FUND. Benj. B. Ho ward Dorr, Parks & Cci Citizens of Barnstable' J. H. Ward ■Walter Aiken, Franklin, N. II . Osborn Howes Miss M. E. Davis Sanmel T. Morse J. Amory Davis, Dorchester. . . Edward Rnssell, " ... H. I. Nnzro, " ... Other citizens of " . . Joseph A. White Miss Arabella Rice, Portsmouth, N. II Ebenezer Collaniore, Oharles- town George May Daniels, Kendall it Co Friends of East Tennessee, East- port, Me E. E. Endicott, Beverly Ira C. Gray Proceeds of a concert at Plym- outh Oliver Preseott, New Bedford.. Shawmnt Sabbath School Wm. .J. Eotch, New Bedford. . . Lyman Tiffany J. P. Faulkner, North Billerica. John Perley, Salem Mrs. Persis K. Parkhurst, Tem- ])leton. Mass Martha Hooper Lee Miss Abigail Locke, Templeton . W. C. Tenney, Marlborough, Mass D. Denny Rice (aged 7 years), Eoxburv $50 00 75 00 S92 50 100 00 10 00 100 00 10 00 2.5 00 100 00 50 00 25 00 25 00 50 00 500 00 50 00 100 00 100 00 140 00 25 00 20 00 58 00 50 00 119 77 100 00 100 00 25 00 30 00 11 00 50 00 25 00 50 00 1 21 John Bartlett, Cambridge Citizens of Lexington, — chiefly the product of a collection ta- ken in the First Parish Cliurch E. B. Forbes Proceeds of an amateur concert given at Messrs. Chickering's Rooms, which were generous- ly offered for the occasion .... Collection taken in the First Church in Abington Goorge II. Kuhn S. F. Jenkins Collection taken in the Shepard Congregational Society, Cam- bridge A. S. Woodworth Teachers and pupils of the Berk- shire Family School, at Stock- bridge W. Chadbourne A few Citizens of Dan vers Allen Gannett, Lynnfield Proceeds of a dramatic exhibition and concert given by tlie young ladies and gentlemen connect- ed with the Mayflower Divi- sion, No. 33, S. of T. of Prov- incetown, Mass Elmer Townsend Collection taken at Trinity Church (including a check for ^•200, from II. W. Sargent, of tlie State of New York) Jonatlian Bourne, Jr., New Bed- ford George F. Bartlett*, New Bed- ford, six English .sovereigns . Citizens of Plymouth 401 fe20 00 281 25 100 00 fiOO 00 70 00 100 00 100 00 1!)5 50 25 00 fi7 50 100 00 178 00 O 00 100 00 50 00 385 00 100 00 43 00 ()42 00 * Mr. B;irtlett's donation was accompanied by the following iutoresting letter to Mr. Everett ; " New Bedfoud, March 21s/, 1SG4. " Dear Sik : — In response to Colonel Taylor's touching appeal, in behalf of our suffering loyal brethren in East Tennessee, I cheerfully part with the onlv thing saved from the whaleship ' Lafayette,' burned by the Pirate 'Alabama,' April 15th, 1863, off Fernando de Noronha, and enclose the same to you lierewith, viz. (6) six English sovereigns, wortli about forty-tlircc dollars. Captain Lewis was fortunately on shore with this gold to purchase stores, when Captain Scmmes steamed around the island and burned his sliip. I will regard it as a forced contribution from Captain Semmes, in the name of the immortal Lafayette, who loved our country and its Father, aud I am most happy in being able to malie so worthy a bestowal of it. "Tours respectfully, 26 [Signed] "George F. Bartlett." 402 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Collection taken in tlie First Congregational Society of Roy- alston $60 00 Ladies and gentlemen of Brook- line 437 00 Collections made at the Unitari- an, Orthodox, and Universalist Societies in "W. Cambridge. . . 466 56 Baptist Church in Sharon 14 10 Hon. Samuel Hooper, Washini;- tou 200 00 The family of C. Lord, Buckland, Mass 6 10 C. M. Owen, Stockbridge 50 00 Simeon N. Perry, Walpole, N. H. 30 00 F. A. Sawyer 50 00 The Young Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society of Nashua 50 00 Members of the Boston Corn Exchange 1,130 00 George F. Hoar, Worcester 50 00 Benjamin Snow, Fitchburg 50 00 A few contributors in Stock- bridge 50 00 First Congregational Ohuroh and Society of Calais, Me 100 00 Monument Church, South Deer- field, Mass 10 00 Proceeds of a morning concert in Mount Vernon Street 260 00 Arthur Wilkinson 100 00 William Phillips& Son, New Bed- ford 75 00 Dr. Jas. W. Thompson's Church, Jamaica Plain 506 44 Collection made in Chelse.a, by three school-girls* Hon. Joseph Grinnell, New Bed- ford First Church in Boxford Alex. Strong & Co Stone & Downer Marlborough, collected by Rev. G. N. Anthony Proceeds of Second Reading, by Mr. Siddons .-uid Miss Cauiuron R. M. Mason, Paris Hancock Street Church, Quinoy, collected at a Prayer-Meeting. M. P. Grant Proceeds of a little girls' fair, near Plymouth Rock E. P. Tileston, Dorchester Samuel Downer, do Joseph Dix, do Lothrop & Moseley, do William W. Paige, do Daniel B. Stedman & Co., do . . . John Preston, do William L. Clark, do AViUiam B. Newbury, do Palmers & BacheUlers Henry C. Band, N. Cambridge. . Collection taken in the Law- rence Street Congregational Church, Lawrence Collection taken in the Central Church, Lynn Collections in Stockbridge, Mass., made by B. B. Craig $45 00 100 00 107 25 KiO 00 no 00 304 65 75 00 200 00 26 15 30 00 13 00 100 00 50 00 25 00 20 00 10 00 20 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 100 00 25 00 172 00 174 17 111 00 * The donation from Chelsea was accompan'K'd l\T the following letter: " CnELSE.1, Jfai-cJi 25th, 1864. " De.vr Siu : — We have been very much interested in the patriotic people of East Tennessee, and not being able to aid them with money, we thought we perhaps might do so by devoting to (hem our leisure time, of which we had ouly our aflernoons, as we are school-girls and have many lessons to learn. We have been from house to house in the little town of Chelsea, which is far from rich, with a subscription paper, asking from each person the small sum of ten or fifteen cents. The enclosed is the result of our efforts. It might be a comforting thought to the suffering Tennesseeans if they could know how generous and interested even the poorest people have been in their cause. One poor old woman gave all the money she had (seven cents), with the earnest wish that it was a great deal more, and that it might also do a little good. " Hoping that this may bring half as much comfort to some hungry Tcnnessecan as wc have hnil pleasure in collecting it, we are, " Very respectfully, "C. L. E. "M. S. E. "It. E. D." EAST TENNESSEE RELIEF FUND. 403 Ladies and gentlemen of the pri- vate tlieatriculs in Cliiolrcester . . . Collection taken at the Congre- gational Church at Wenham. Unitarian Sunday School at Quincy Collected in New Bedford, by Master Willie Ilowland, who was prevented from getting more by illness Collection at the Dorchester Vil- lage Church Collection at the church of tlie Third Religious Society of Dorchester Collection at the First Indepen- dent Methodist Church, Dor- chester Citizens of Dorchester John W. Peirce,* Jr., I'remont, Me Collection in the North Congre- gational Church and Society at Haverhill 00 00 158 21) (Ml 25-t 10 Edward Ilolbrook $73 47 •^ii'*- I^- Mills i& Son Collection in North Congrega- tional Churcli in Ilaverlull... Collection by the youngest class at M'lle De Bonville's school for young ladies, 5-t Chestnut Street Citizens of West Amesbury. . . . First Church in Roxbury, Rev. I)r. Putnam The proceeds of a little girls' fair in West Cedar Street, by Misses Maria Decatur, Grace 3 50 Kellogg, and Susie Spring. . . A ])art of the " Penny Contribu- 53 25 'i*^" " o*" t^h*^ Mather Sabbath School of Jamaica Plain The North Baptist Society in 100 00 Dorchester Nickerson & Co Congregational Church and So- 13 35 ciety of Buckland 87 00 Congregational Society at Acton Miss Anne Wigglesworth,t a 25 00 second donation of Miss Mary Wigglesworth E. D. Everett 162 75 Citizens of Dana, Mass $20 00 25 00 1(;2 50 25 00 ii;i 00 933 00 50 65 10 00 15 00 100 00 32 10 7 00 100 00 100 00 20 00 48 05 * The contribution of Master Peirce, a lad of twelve, was remitted in the following letter: "S. W. IIakbor, Tremont, Me., April o, 1864. " Dear Sir :— Enclosed please find ?35, wliieh 1 have collected for the sufTeriug East Tcnnes- seeans. I have read and heard so much of the sutferiugs of these loyal people, that 1 wished very much to do something for them. I said to my mother, I will give them my dollar, all my money. She said tliat will do very little good alone, but I might go round and ask my young friends to give for this noble cause. I was pleased to do so, and have collected this sum. I found both old and young ready to give me something; very few refused. In one family I got almost §.5. I know this is a small sum compared with the thousands you are receiving; but if some little boy in each town of this state would go round among his friends, the sums thus collected all put together would make thousauds of dollars; and, oh! how much suffering would be relieved! " Respectfully yours, [Signed] " Jno. W. Peirce, Jr." + Miss Wigglesworth's second donation was enclosed in the following note : " Will Mr. Everett be kind enough to accept the enclosed, that it may lend its little aid in filling the vacuum which exists between the present receipts and the §100,000, which we niust send from Massachusetts. " I have not waited till this last moment before sending my mite, as my first was sent in February. But I cannot sit still and merely wish that our contributions should reach the sum of one hundred thousand. I must make my wish — and hope that others will do the same— assume a practical form. "Very respectfully yours, "1 Park Street, May 9, 1S64." "A. WiOGLESWOETB. 400 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Mr. Eininanuel, an attache of the Consul-General's office at Con- stantinople Mrs. Albert W. Paine, Bangor, Me Messrs. Faxon, Elms & Co Mrs. Peter C. Brooks Edwin Ilowland Collection taken in the church of Rev. Samuel Brooks, at South Framinghani J. Kuhn Henry Lyon, M. D., Charlestown Col. Samuel Swett Amos P. Tapley, Lynn Miss Eliza Whitwell, Dorchester Rev. Alex. Proudfit, Chaplain U. S. A Samuel Rodman, New Bedford. The Amesbnry Mills Congrega- tional Society George "Wilson, New Bedford . . O. W. Holmes, M. D Net proceeds of a musical enter- tainment at Chickering's Hall, the use of wliich was given by the Messrs. C.'s gratuitously. "W. n. n. Newman Three boys at Walpole, "the profits of a small store and picking dandelions " in the holidays Proceeds of a children's fair, held at the house of William Gray, by Ellen Gray, Anna Jackson, and Georgiana Eaton Congregational Society at Truro Methodist Society at Maiden Centre Proceeds of a children's fair, at the house of Dr. Hayward, Temple Place Mrs. J. Mason Warren Hon. S. L. Crocker, Taunton. . . Total $20 no 10 on so 00 200 00 100 00 ."59 50 2.5 00 50 00 30 00 100 00 100 00 l.j 00 100 00 ■37 4B 10 00 100 00 1,102 00 50 00 5 00 500 00 18 00 TO 50 190 00 100 00 100 00 Proceeds of a little child's fair in Westchester Park Collection at a meeting of the Universalist Society at South Dan vers Proceeds of a children's fair at Dr. Talbot's Miss Martha B. Waite Charles Sherry, Jr., Bristol, R.L Ladies' Relief Association, Fifth Ward, Providence Joseph A. Barker, do S. G. Mason, do Rev. Dr. Wayland, do Charles E. Carpenter, do Amos D. Smith, do From the Congregational Church and Society in Hollis, N. H. . Proceeds of a concert given in the Music Hall, under the auspices of Mrs. Eastburn . . . Proceeds of a collection at the Trinitarian Church at New Bedford From Misses Mary W. Gannett, Sarah M. Bond, and Grace T. Etheridge, the proceeds of a children's fair Proceeds of an emblematic and dramatic entertainment in Chickering's Hall Proceeds of a children's fair, held at the house of John Lowell First Congregational Church and Society in Yorke, Me Attleboro'(|128.50) and Wrenth am (141.00) D. B. Check, Danville, Ky Capt. S. D. Trenchard, U. S. N. Proceeds of a fair at 109 Pinck ney Street All other sums $7 00 33 00 ,004 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 25 OO 20 00 25 00 25 00 100 00 56 50 302 25 ]50 00 41 25 lie, 0(1 380 1 00 21 45 109 50 5 00 20 00 92 Iti 10,544 60 1102,180 OS The next chapter will describe the aims and efforts of a commission organized to follow up the work thus nobly begun. CHAPTER XIII. ITHERTO, this matter of feeding and aiding the loyal [ men of the disloyal states had been conducted, as it were, from hand to mouth; an organized commission now assumed the duty. This commission, with the above title, was formed in New York, in October, 1864, and '^J'' was constituted as follows : Tretuntrer, A. V. Stout. Pnsidenf, Rkv. .Tos. p. Tiio.MPSoN. CorrcsponJiiif/ Secretary, Prof. H. K Martin, D.D. Recording Secretary, H. M. PlEKCE. Ret. S. p. Peli., I). D., Wm. .\. Pootii, E. L. Fanciieu, Wm. G. Pami)Ei:t, 408 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Rev. ■VT. I. Bihdixcton, D. D., Charles Butlek, S. B. CniTTENDEX, CnARi.ES C. Colgate, Rev. J. T. Duryea, Eev. n. G. Weston, D. D., Geo. TV. Lane, A. A. Low, Rev. J. McClintock, D. D., R. IT. MCCUEDT, Rev. S. II. Tyng, .Jr., Horace Webster, LL. D. The Rev. Ljman Abbott subsequently became Corresponding Secretary in place of Prof. Martin, and Messrs. David Dows, Henry T. Morgan, Christopher Robert, and Samuel B. Schieffelin, were made members of the commission. The first appeal to the public was issued on the 9th of November, the commission having, at that time, received about one thousand dollars, nearly half of which was contributed by the Tabernacle Church in New York, of which the president of the commission is pastor. From this appeal, which fully set forth the aims of the association, we make the following extract : " Large tracts of our countrj' have been desolated by the march of vast armies to and fro ; the population, first exhausted by military exactions, have been plundered and stripjDed by guerrilleros ; at length, abandoning their famine- smitten homes, they crowd within our lines. They arrive in the utmost pos- sible destitution ; huddle together in wretched places of refuge, and sink under want, exposure, and disease The forced depopulation of Atlanta, and the recent devastatioii of the Shenandoah valley, have made a frightful increase of this misery, and thrown fresh thousands of houseless and naked creatures upon Pennsylvania and Kentucky for relief An ordinary fomine scarcely involves such suffering. The famine-stricken have homes. It is impossible to depict this misery of the homeless. " Twelve hundred such sulferers are this day in Memphis, with scarcely any other shelter than four worn-out tents. They are destitute of every con- venience of life, nay, of every necessity. Some of them have not seen a comb for months, and are devoured by vermin. Women have not the clothing which decency demands, and their children stand naked around them. '■ Their wretched abodes, crowdetl with the sick who are unable to help themselves, are filthy and pestilential to the last degree ; sixty are huddled in one small room at Natchez, most of them severel}^ ill. The dying lie uncared for, the dead unburied among them for days. At some posts, as at Knoxville, there is a lack of medicine ; at others, as at Memphis, they have no medical attendance; everywhere they are destitute of all suitable food for the sick. Everywhere they need stoves to warm their miserable shelters, and enable the women to earn something by sewing. "What can be done? Only the briefest time remains in which to provide THE AMERICAN UNION COMMISSION. 409 succor before the winter. We appeal to all who have hearts to feel for liuman misery — than which none greater exists on the face of the earth. We jilead for a contribution of clothing from every family. We beg you to tie up what- ever you can spare, and Land it to the agent of our commission, who will call for it within a few days. We appeal to the ladies to furnisli us blankets, shawls, dresses, under-clothing, stockings, and shoes, for women and children. No want, no siiffering, exists in our land this day which pleads with et^ual urgency for prompt and generous relief " The Union Commission has the approval of the President and the sanction of the War Department, and can command government facilities for transpor- tation. Whatever is contributed will be at once transmitted. Our generosity will save the lives of our friends, abate the rancor of our enemies, and bless and relieve those who are literally ready to perish." Though the country had been giving freely to works of charity and jus- tice for nearly four years, and though this call was made just after a most exciting general election, the state of things above depicted seemed to touch a fresh spot in thie public heart. The contributors to the Union Commis- sion have been principally poor people ; the fund with which it has labored is an aggregate of church collections, widows' mites, hard-earned savings, with here and there a few dollars from a soldier or from the patients in a hospital. Few millionaires have endowed the Union Commission ; the money and the clothing it has collected seem to have come, in a large degree, from the smaller towns and villages, and in inconsiderable quantities from the cities. Several distinct fields of labor at once presented themselves. There was West Virginia, which had furnished her full quota of soldiers, with sixteen thousand square miles of her territory literally stripped bare, having been overrun by the two contending armies not less than twelve times ; ten thou- sand of her population were in necessitous circumstances, many of them houseless and penniless. There was East Tennessee, whose distresses have been already detailed ; and there was that wretched class of sufferers called refugees, stranded within the United States lines by the tide of war, afraid to go home — indeed, witli no home to go to — driven backward and forward by the advancing armies, hardly better treated by their friends than by their foes. The Sanitary and Christian Commissions aided them as much as they felt able ; the government gave them half rations, and, to a limited extent, trans- portation. They huddled together in Nashville; Nashville was threatened by the enemy, and military necessity thrust them forth, urging them, Fome north, some south. It was amoncr this class of wanderers that the Union Commission 410 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. expected mainly to work, and while ministering to present necessities, re- lieving the sick, feeding the hungry, and clothing the naked, its purpose was to do nothing which would tend to create a state of dependence, or to hold the people long as paupers. Other purposes entertained by the commission — and subsequently carried out — were to deport the refugees to points where labor was in demand; to establish industrial houses where women and children could be taught to sew, thus preparing them to go back, in good time, to the land, if not to the homes, they loved, better informed, more intelligent, and more useful than they left it. " I will take this poor, starving boy," said Mr. Thompson, in a discourse upon this topic, " no matter who his father was or where he is, I will take him by the hand ; I will nurture him ; I will clothe him ; I will feed him ; I will teach him to read ; I will teach him the knowledge of God and of Jesus Christ his Saviour; I will teach him that he has a country; I will teach him what he never knew before, the geography of his country, the extent of it; I will teach him what he never knew before, the history of his country, the great name of Washington, and all that is illustrious in our past; and I will make that boy a patriot! I will teach him that the men against whom, perhaps, his father, in his ignorance and prejudice and blindness, goaded on by men of infamous deeds, has lifted his hand, are the men who have nurtured and saved and educated and bles.'^ed him. And I will sow that land of rebellion thick with these regenerated children. If we are not great enough for that, we are not great enough to be free." An ulterior and more comprehensive object of the organization was to assist in all ways and in all times, the work of reunion, of resuscitation ; and to do this by facilitating the right kind of emigration, by disseminating cor- rect information, and by providing, on a broad scale, for the education of a people from whom its advantages have been too long withheld. On the 1st of May, 1865, the commission, havjing been in existence six months, had received and appropriated to the uses which have been stated, about $40,000 in money, and clothing, blankets, and shoes, to the value of about $3*1,000. The capture of Charleston by the Union forces had necessi- tated the sending of aid to the destitute inhabitants there, thus enlarging a field already large enough for the laborers. Eefugees soon began to arrive in large numbers in New York, and the commission could neither let them starve nor pass the night in the streets. The commission was preparing, at the date above mentioned, to assume the care of deserters from the rebel army, to open schools in Savannah, Charleston, and Memphis, and to provide THE AMERICAN UNION COMMISSION. 411 the loyalists of West Virginia and East Tennessee with seeds and implements of agriculture. A braneh society, the New England Refugees' Aid Society,* had collected $25,000 in the same time. Like the associations for the relief of freedmen, the Union Commission and its branches doubtless have years of useful labor before them ; their great opportunity is yet to come. While their Sanitary and Christian colleagues ai'e laying off their harness, they are but just buckling their armor on. This is but right and proper ; to each time its own duties, and to each cause its ser- vants. The sword has been beaten into a plough-share, and the spear into a pruning-hook. Devastation is over, restoration is to begin. And as far as such a work can be aided by the organization and operations of a semi-chari- table, semi-educational society, one whose bounty is accompanied by a lesson in the art of using it to advantage, so far — we have the past as a guarantee — will it be fostered and hastened by the labors of the American Union Com- mission. * Executive Committee, Hon. Martin Brimmer, Hon. Dwij^'Ut Fostur, Huv. Josc'iib W. Pariier, D. D., Tliomas C. Wales, Hamilton A. Hill, Henry P. Kiddur. 412 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. CnATTER XIV. THE CHAMBEESBUKG XSD SAVANNAH RELIEF FUNDS. •^S^ vi^^*/e;/c-^ Tut: LLlMj Of CUAMUEltSBUUa. The town of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, was burned by a body of three thousand rebels under General McCausland — forming part of the forces under General Early — in July, 1864, the inhal)itants being unable to raise the sum, in gold, which had been fixed as the price of its ransom. Eighteen hundred persons, half the population, were rendered homeless, four hundred of whom still possessed some means, the other fourteen hundred being utterly destitute. For some time they lived on the charity of their neighbors, and the chance contributions of friends in other towns. An eye-witness has given the following description of the scene: " The order for the burning of the town was given by General McCausland CHAMBERSBURG AND SAVANNAH. 413 at niue o'clock, and fifteen minutes afterwards flames were leaping from the windows of the houses in the Diamond. The rebels, breaking into the drug- stores, procured turpentine, and making fire-balls, threw them into the houses indiscriminately. The men were sent around in squads, plundering and burning every house they saw fit to enter. Very often these men obtained considerable sums of money from the wealthier citizens to protect their prop- erty. Their promises were ample surety until the money was in their hands, but after it was received they entirely disregarded them. "One of these squads, entering a house, gave the inmates five minutes to remove their eflects before deluging the floor with turpentine and igniting it. The scene at ten o'clock was indescribable. Nearly the whole town was one roaring mass of fire. So intense was the heat, it was impossible even to walk through the Diamond — a large open space in the centre of the town. The flames from either side of the streets met each other, forming an arch of fire, above which the black smoke rolled in thick and heavy volumes, obscuring the heavens. Houseless and homeless women and children fleeing, and the oaths of the maddened rebels, completed this picture of horrors, a scene that will never be forgotten by the citizens of Chambersburg. Nothing, compara- tively, was saved — an old jDainting, the family Bible, a change of clothing, that was all. No time was allowed for the removal of the furniture, or even trunks of clothing. Seventy pianos in the different houses in one street were burned. The terror of the scene appalled even the rebels." A meeting was held in the rooms of the Board of Trade of Philadelphia on the 8d of August, to adopt some measures of relief to the despoiled inhabi- tants. This resulted in a subscription, Mr. Edmund A. Souder being made treasurer of the fund, which amounted, some weeks afterwards, to a trifle over $35,000. A considerable quantity of second-hand clothing, collected by a ladies' committee, was also forwarded from time to time. Just before the burning, Chambersburg had held a fair for the Christian Commission, the net receipts of which, over $3,000, were paid to the central office at Philadelphia. The people of Baltimore, thinking that the unhappy city could ill afford such generosity, as things had turned out, thought it would be a good idea to return the people that sum, and did so, a subscription taken up in that view amount- ing to $3,261.40. We have mentioned several instances of a peculiar species of revenge brought about by the whirligig of time. Here is another, and the best of all. On the 10th of August, 1774, at a general meeting of the inhabitants of Georgia at Savannah, a committee was appointed "to receive subscriptions for 414 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. the suffering poor of Boston," the latter city being reduced, hy the action of the Port Bill, almost to the condition of a besieged town. As the subscrip- tions were principally in rice, few giving less than ten tierces, and as the harbor of Boston was closed, the contributions were sent to New York and sold, the proceeds, a trifle over £216, being remitted to the Boston committee. In January, 1865, the citizens of Boston held a meeting and appointed a commit- tee to receive subscriptions for the relief of the suft'ering poor of Savannah; and not only the citizens of Boston, but those of New York and Philadelphia. There was some doubt whether distress such as had been represented really existed ; some apprehension lest the bounty asked for, if granted, might reach unworthy persons; some unwillingness to enter so promptly into relations with people who were only civil, perhaps, because they dared not be otherwise. But these feelings were lost sight of in the general desire that bygones should be bygones, and the three cities made generous contributions to the fund — not far from $100,000 in all. The last public act of Edward Everett "s life was to cast his influence in favor of answering the appeal in a cordial and forgiving spirit. CHAPTER XV. KKFRESHMENT SALOONS, SUBSISTENCE COMMITTEES, SOLDIERS* HOMES, ETC. THE FIRE AMBUL.-VNCE COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA. ;.~-.,"\^ Tllli I MOM I-IIILAl>El,PniA. The 27tli day of May, 1861, witnessed the inauguration of a novel institu- tion in Philadelphia, and every 27th day since has been a pleasantly kept anniversary. The Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon, and the Cooper- Shop Refreshment Saloon, were opened on that day ; this much is certain. An attempt has been made to arrive at greater precision — to settle not only the date, but the hour, of the birth of each, as in the ease of royal twins, to decide which is the heir and which the subject. It is not our province to judge, though we may have heard the evidence ; and it is probable that the reader vnll be more interested in the story of the mouths they have fed tlian in that of their claims to precedence. Placing them both upon a lin(?, and engaging to invoke the favor of the public equally upon each, we proceed to state how it was that these democratic republican twins were conceived and born. In the third week of April, 1861, the regiments of three months' men, summoned by the President to the defence of Washington, began passing through Philadelphia. The government had as yet made no preparations 416 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. for giving the men their meals ui)on the route. The}' arrived hungry and fatigued, and, during the fii'st six weeks, were dependent upon the benevo- lence of the citizens living in tlie neighborhood. From them tliej received water, tea and coffee, and even bread and meat. But the inhabitants of the quarter were of the laboring class, and could ill afford to continue their self-imposed labor of love, especially as the number of men to be relieved increased from day to day. At length, Mr. Barzilla S. Brown gave notice that he would receive and distribute to the troops arriving such supplies as his friends would furnish ; and he began operations upon the curbstone, with eleven pounds of coiFee and a saucejian. This was the humble origin of two institutions of brotherly love, which have made the name of Philadelphia a blessed one on the lips of the American soldier. The two saloons, in imme- diate proximity to each other — the one a Boat-House, the other a Cooper-Shop — were fitted ujj by different groups of philanthropic citizens, and put in a con- dition to receive and refresh the passing troops. The Eighth New York was the first regiment to receive the hospitality of the Boat-House, wliile the Cooper-Shop extended its earliest greeting to the Seventh of the same state. The officers of these two establishments were as follows : UNION VOLUNTEER REFRESHMENT SALOON. ChairmdH. Eecordiiia Secretiiry, Akad Baekows. J. B. Wade. Corresponding Secretary, Treasurer, Robert R. Coeson. B. S. Brown. Stetrnrd. Phydcian, 3. T. Wu.i.iAMS. E. Ward. COOPER-SUOP REFRESHMENT SALOON. President, M'm. M. Cooper. Vice-Presidents, William Si'roi.e, Arthur S. Simpson. Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretary, Wm. M. Maull. Edward .J. Heratt. Treasurer, Storcleeper, Adam M. Simpson. Christopher H. Jacoby. Establishments of this kind are best described by those who have seen them in operation. We therefore condense tlie description of an eye-witness : ■ The wash-room," we read in an account of the Volunteer Saloon, "is an THE UNION VOLUNTEER REFRESHMENT SALOON. 417 important department. Here clean towels and cool water arc furnished in abundance, so that one company can bathe and speedily make room for an- other. Few are aware with what hearty relish the dusty soldier avails him- self of this privilege of a bath. The eating-room, which formerly accommo- dated four hundred and fifty persons, will now hold twelve hundred. The officers are seated, the men taking their food standing — an agreeable relief after their long ride in the cars. The food furnished is better than the average obtained at a city hotel, the bill of fare embracing beef cooked in every style, ham, pickles, excellent bread, sweet and common potatoes, tea and coffee, and often cake and pies. A regiment consunres seven barrels of coffee, and as many gallons of tea. A good, wholesome meal, thus provided in bulk, does not cost over nine or ten cents. In eiirht minutes after the room is cleared of one division, the tables are freshly spread and ready for another. " Attached to the saloon is a hospital cottage, for the reception of men taken sick on their way, or for wounded men going home, who are forced to stop upon their route. Here is a large table covered with writing-materials, where the soldier may write his letters. An attendant takes them, stamps them without charge, and dispatches them by the bushel basketful. Large bundles of the daily papers are ready for distribution. So it appears that the American trooper's programme on arriving in Philadelphia is as follows : he first performs his ablutions, then he eats his breakfast ; after that he writes to his wife, and then he reads the news. The Baltimore train is now ready, and he bids farewell to Philadelphia, in the hope that his journey homeward, if he lives to make it, may lie that way." A little pamphlet of twelve pages, four inches by two and a half, is puh- lished by Mr. Corson, an officer of this association. It is entitled " The Sol- dier's Guide in Philadelphia," and is distributed far and wide gratuitously. It contains engravings of the saloon and of the hospital attached to it ; a list of their officers; directions how to dispense with carriages; time-tables of railroads and steamboats ; a cordial invitation to breakfast, dinner, and supper, without charge ; a guide to all places of interest, and an ingenious diagram, explaining the plan of the numbering of tlie streets. This useful little volume opens with the following apt quotations : PoMi'ET. — Let mc shake tliyhanrl : I liave seen thee fight. — Antony and Cleopatra, II. C,. Messexoeh. — He hath done tjood service in tliese wars. — Mrrn Ado abottt N'oTnixo, I. I. 27 418 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. What has been said of the mechanism of one of these saloons will answer in every respect for the other. The Cooper-Shop increased the accom- modations with which it started, till it was able to give a wliole regiment a meal together, and with little or no delay. TUE COOFEa GIIOP R£FBE6UM£»T SALOON. A hospital was soon after established, with twelve beds, the number being afterwards increased to twenty-eight. A few deaths occurred, and the managers of the Mount Moriah Cemetery presented the committee with a plot of ground, a beautiful piece of ujjland, where the soldier might find a resting-place. It was enclosed and ornamented the next year. The committee, in their first annual report, made the following remarks, the justice of which no one can doubt : " The effect upon the soldier of the reception and treatment that, by the great liberality of our fellow-cit- izens, we have been enabled to offer him, will j^rove to be of the most lasting character, and beneficial to the citizens of Philadelphia. The most favorable impressions have been made indelibly upon his mind, of the kindness of our people. The reception he has met with furnishes a theme upon which he will delight to write and speak. Our city, the first to commence this work, has shown itself to be well deserving the name of brotherly love ; and we are sure there are more well-wishers outside of its borders to-day, than any other city in our Union can boast of." THE llEFRESUiMEXT SALOONS. 410 The two saloons have been supported wholly by the people of Philadelphia, who have kept them supjilied with money, as far as money was needed, and have spread their tables not only with beef and potatoes, but with fruit and flo^Aers in their season. Many persons have been regular subscribers, or rather, as there was no I'egistering of names, expected to be called on at stated intervals for the sum which it had become their habit to give. Numerous summer fairs have been held for each ; from the country fifty miles around the city came gifts of strawberries, cake, butter, bread, fruit, while the city people sent ice-cream. Sums as large as $5,000 have been realized from these festivals, one of which remained open nine days, and received thirty-six thou- .sand visitors. A REGIMENT AT PINNrR. The saloons have done good in more ways than one ; a single example of this must suffice, as follows : " We were speaking,"' wrote a gentleman in a letter to Mr. S. B. Fales, one of the officers of the Union Saloon, " of the de- moralizing influences of camp life, and a friend remarked that while at East New York, his regiment, composed in large part of flirmers' sons, and lads who had had a considerable amount of moral training at home, had become sadly demoralized. The camp was surrounded by grog-shops, and the rations were of the poorest — filthy, insufficient, and not half cooked, and all the asso- ciations of the camp were evil ; the men had become dispirited and disgusted, and felt that no one cared for them except as food for powder ; and though he and some of the other officers endeavored to encourage and cheer them, they were sullen, and seemed about ready for mutiny and desertion. 'But,' said he, ' orders came for the regiment to march, and the men went on board the steamer much as if they were going to the gallows. We reached Philadelphia, and marched to the I'nion Yolunteer Refreshment Saloon, and the warm wel- come, the hearty shake of the hand, and the ample and delicious fiire served 420 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. up for us, put a new spirit into tlie men. They had landed in a mood fit for mutiny or desertion ; tliey left Pliiladelphia, feeling that they were the cherished soldiers of the nation, loved for the cause in which they were to fight.'" The statistics of the work done, and of the means with which it was done, by the Cooper-Sliop, are as follows : Sulilii'i's full iluriiig tlic firtit year 87,513 Contriljutions " " $13,l(i.3 85 Soldiers fed during the second year 87,433 Contributions " '" 15,107 49 Soldiers fed dnring the third year 97.300 Contribntions " " 15,305 48 Soldiers fed during tlie fourth year 44.745 Contributions " " 14.085 01 Total 310,991 $57,781 83 Showing an average cost per man of eighteen cents, notwithstanding tbe high price of provisions during the jiast two years. As very many of the men took more than one meal, the average cost of a meal cannot be placed higher than thirteen or fourteen cents. It is estimated that during the four years ten thousand meals were furnished to soldiers singly or in squads of two or three, many of them maimed or invalids on a visit from the military hospitals. There was no record kept of these odd meals. The soldiers returning by brigades together from the war, in the summer of 1865, the fifth year, tasked the energies of the saloon committees to the utmost, and the fifth annual report will doubtless show that their closing labors were their heaviest. The following are the records of the Union A^oluntcer Saloon for the same period : Soldiers fed during the first year 161,270 Contributions " " §lti,700 00 Soldiers fed during the second year 124,01'3 Contributions " " 18,038 86 Soldiers fed during tlio tliird year 131,7'i6 Contributions " " 18,811 93 Soldiers fed during the fourtli year to July 1st, 1865. . . 195,083 Contributions " " •' '• . . 33.009 98 Total 612, 131 $86,560 77 la June, 1S6.5, this saloon gave meals, on certain daj's, to three thousand five hundred returning men ; some of them, doubtless, those who in the earlier davs went througli Philadelphia and hoped to come back that way. THE VOLUNTEER HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION. 421 It was soon evident that these establishments, apparently complete as they were, needed a supplementary department, the object of which should be the temporary care of the wounded, who, as they left tlie cars, and before they could be transferred to the hospitals, were necessarily thrown ujion the street, and for a time left there. A number of mechanics met together, discussed the matter, and resolved to take it in hand, it being apparent, to quote the pre- amble to the constitution which was afterwards drawn up, " that the govern- ment is partially unable to provide immediate relief to its brave defenders who are sick and wounded when they reach this city." A vacant lot, close by the spot where the soldiers were transferred from the cars, and belonging to the Hon. Josiah Randall, was placed at their disposal for hospital purposes by the owner. With sixty dollars these men commenced their generous work. They purchased the few feet of lumber their means would allow, and for a time woi'ked with their own hands at digging holes and planting posts. Five hun- dred dollars and thirty-five thousand feet of lumber were now speedily con- tributed, Mr. L. B. M. Dolby obtaining nearly the whole of the lumber, by donations, in one day. On tlie fifteenth night after the first post was planted, three hundred men from the Army of the Potomac were provided with refresh- ments, medical attentions, and beds. This establishment, The Citizens' Union Volunteer Hospital Association, was organized on the 5th of September, 18^2, v^'ith the following officers : President^ T. T. Ta.sk EI!, Sr. Treasurer, Secretary, Charles P. Perot. Thomas L. Giffoud. Board of Managcr/t. John Wu.i.iams, George W. Lott, Edward H. Pyle, W. L. Clavtok, Frank Bayle, .Toiix Kii.patruk, John H. Clayton, AVilmam R. Pidgeon, David Fov, Joseph L. Goff, James Evans, Samuel Bayle, Hexhy J. Fox, David J. Stevenson, Louis H. GRiinB. Alexander Greaves, Samuel W. Middleton, Andrew Kilpatrick, John Goorley, James D. Doiierty, ITenry Rutter, Edmund Hopper, William J. Verdette, John Parsons, Andrew McFetters. Additional buildings were soon required, and Mr. Randall gave the use of another lot of land. The hospital, when thus enlarged, covered over twentv- 422 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. five thousand feet of ground. It contained, besides the reception-room proper, two dining-rooms, a bath-room, wasli-room, laundry, guard-house, and sur- geon's office. During the first year thirty thousand men were i-eceived, some- times twenty-five hundred in a day, and seven hundred have slept within the walls on one night. A committee of members of the association was always in attendance, not only to provide refreshments and accommodation, but to take charge of all men either furloughed or mustered out. ■ ' '^- I- - Delaware Fire Co., No. 1 Hope Hose, No. 3 1, Soutbwark Hose, No. 9 3, Soiitliwarti Engine Co., No. 34 "Wasliiiigton Engine, No. 14 1, Western Hose, No. 26 Second District: Diligent Fire Co., No. 10 Pliiladelphia Fire Co., No. IS 1, Third District: Assistance Engine Co., No. S America Fire Co., No. 9 Fairmount Fire Co 1, Good-Will Hose Co., No. 2.5 2, Northern Liberty Fire Co., No. 1 2, of the work done Ijy the tire ambulances ; •v.-.l. Third District : Men oinjTpyeil. .5!K) Neptune Hose Co., No. C, 400 ,654 United States Fire Co., No. 31 4:6 :2sr, Fourth District : 187 CoUoeksink Hose Co., No. 43 TOO ,061 Globe Fire Co., No. :;0 200 'i50 Hand in Hand Fire Co., No. 1 325 Kensington Hose Co., No. 30 31 TS.") Northern Liberty Hose Co., No. 1 l.flTS ,TIO Sixth District: Fellowship Fire Co., No. 27 7S1 803 Seventh District : 833 Philadelphia Fire Co., No. 25 310 ,320 West Philadelphia Hose and Steam Fire ,021 Co., No. 3 .500 ,219 ceaeoe. Philadelphia Hose, Vigilant, Good Intent, and CHAPTER XVr. A THANKSGIVINa DINNER IN THE AliMY AND NAVl DRUM-STICKS OV TWU KIHliS. The Soldiers' Thanksgiving Dinner of November, 1864 — a repast wliicli, if not dainty enougli for Lucullus, was of dimensions that would have satis- fied Gargantua — came about in this wise. The country was in the throes of the impending presidential election: never, perhaps, was it more indifferent to turkey and cranberry sauce, nor less anxious about what it should eat and what it sliould drink. Still, an idea too big, too generous to be kept in one brain, had occurred to an individual in New Yorlc, to whom ideas of the sort were no strangers, and, at the risk of confiding it to an unwilling ear, lie made it public by addressing certain editors in tlie following lines: Gentlemen: — President Lincoln having ordered a general Thanksgiving on the last Thursday of November, it being on the 24:tli, I have thought it only proper that something should be done for the army and navy on tliat occasion, not only to aid them in ker'ping the day properly, but to show them 432 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. tliey are remembered at home. My proposition is to supply tlie army and navy in Virginia with poultry and pics, or puddings, all cooked, ready for use. This seems to be a big undertaking, but I do not see any difficulty in carrying it out. My idea is this : there will be about fifty thousand turkeys — say of eight pounds each, and fifty thousand pies, or their equivalents, required to feed the soldiers and sailors on that day; let, then, every one who can afford it and is willing to send and prepare such articles do so, and make up a barrel or box of them well packed; have them ready for shipment in this city from the IStli to the 2ittli of November ; they can be sent (freight free) to tlie army and navy of the Potomac so as to be distributed the day before Thanksgiving. It would be a grand sight to see that army of brave men, loyal to the flag, feeding on the good things of the land they have fought for, whilst the miser- able traitors, if they still hold out, are crouched behind their defences hungry and starving. G. W. B. The attention of the Union League Club was called to this proposal early in November, and a committee was appointed to co-operate in or inaugurate the movement. The committee, though convinced that nothing could be done until after the election, issued their appeal, to the eflect that no soldier in the army of the Potomac, the James, or the Shenandoah, and no sailor in the North Atlantic squadron, should be allowed to go without tangible, turkey evidence that he was remembered in the festival season of the year by those for whom he was perilling his life. They asked for donations of poultry, cooked and uncooked, mince-pies, sausages, and fruit. From those who could furnish nothing in kind, they would accept lil)eral contributions in money. The express companies would convey Thanksgiving boxes without charge to New York ; the committee would attend to their transportation south. The election well over, purse-strings were loosened and poultry-yards invaded. The turkeys, who had expected to survive as usual till the last week in November, may naturally have been indignant at the premature fate which cut them off in the prime of life and the middle of the month. Doubt- less many of them determined, then and there, that they would not keep ; and it is sad to be compelled to say that some few of them kept this oath, if nothing else. One incident in the experience of Mr. Roosevelt, the treasurer, ami one extract from his correspondence, must suffice in this connection : THE AMERICAN EIKD. 433 A lady, on her dying bed, and forewarned that on Tlianksgiving Day she would be where praise is offered up, not by days, but during the ages, charged her husband, in case the warning were fulfilled, to give Mr. Roosevelt one hundred dollars, for the soldiers, in her name. The letter, one in a thousand, read as follows : Brooklyn, November lt>th, 1864. Theodore Roosevelt, Esq. : Sir: — Enclosed you will find five dollars, the contribution of an officer's wife, to help swell the amount already large, to procure for our dear soldiers a dinner on Thanksgiving Da}'. They have most bravely earned it, and will highly appreciate this remembrance of them by "loved ones at home." As my husband is now in the valley of the Shenandoah, my sympathies naturally flow in that direction. He will be especially remembered. But I feel for the soldiers, whose privations are necessarily greater than those of officers, and who will Ije enabled to endure them with more fortitude, knowing that they are remembered by those who are engaged in the great work with their hearts if not their hands. Very respectfully yours, E. S. A. Room must also be had for a brief poem, as follows:. Please find enclosed Be it turkey, My little mite. Goose or ben. To give the soldiers I don't care wliich, An extra bite. If it suits them. A newspaper article, from which the following is an extract, greatly stimu- lated the public bounty : " Let us turn now from the screaming of one American bird to the slaugh- ter and roasting of another. The eagle has had his turn on 'a thousand hills ;' turn we now to the turkey, and turn him on tens of thousands of spits. No tent should be without that noble bird for a Thanksgiving feast. The young men who will recall on that day the loved faces around the fireside at home, the games of ball on village greens, the shooting-matches, the skating frolics on Northern ponds, the sleighing parties over New England hills, the dance in the evening, the dear 'girls they have left behind them,' must not sit down to a Thanksgiving dinner of hard tack and salt pork. All else of festivity he must forego — except the shooting-matches where men are tlie targets — but of eating give him enough. Fill him full with turkey ! Fill his 28 434 THE TKIBUTE BOOK. mouth as well as his head with 'merry thoughts.' Put a 'drum-stick' in every fist for another purpose than to beat the long-roll. Let camp-fires be reflected in faces ruddy and redolent with turkey; let the fatness thereof be wiped with thankful hand from beard and mustache. Let him so feast on tur- key that its meraoiy will make the hours short in the lonely watch, and fill his dreams in a shelter-tent. The lean and hungry rebels ' are fit for stratagems and spoils;' let our soldiers be 'with flit turkey lined,' and go into the next honest fight with traitors with turkey — the good, honest, American bird ! — for their battle-cry 1 " It is little enoirgh we can do for those who are doing so much for us. A surfeit of fight, on Dur behalf, deserves at least, as a poor return, a surfeit of turkey. Those who have many, send many ; those who have two, send one ; those who have one only, send that to the soldier, and go without at home. Better a dinner of herbs with the love that has sent the bird to camp, than the stuffed turkey and the thought of hard tack on that day for the soldiers. One day's rations to the brave fellows, and let it be turkey roast, with all the fixings. The army of the Potomac, the army of the James, the aimy of Western Virginia — let not a single mess in all their tens of thousands be without turkey to head its bill of fare on the 24th of November. Though there be not enougli left for seed for next thanksgiving, be this day remem- bered as the Day of the Feast of Turkey, when the soldier comes home and fights his battles over again with his crutch, for the instruction of his children and his children's children.'' The committee received over $57,000 in money, and ])oultry and provi- sions valued at about $150,000 more. Messrs. A. and E. Robbins converted the money into turkej-s, refunding the three thousand dollars and over which were legitimately theirs, for the transmuting process. The collected eatables were unpacked, repacked, and addressed in a building tendered rent free; the coopering, packing, and carting were, for the most j^art, clone without charge. Admiral Porter had informed the committee that he had seventeen thou- sand men in his squadron, and he thought that a turkey for every six of them would be amjile provision. The committee thought otherwise, and sent the admiral one turkey for every whist-party on his decks — in all thirty thousand pounds. Mr. Jerome Chajipell and the steamer Kensington conveyed this quantum, uncooked, to its destination ; each ship's galley to do its own roast- ing and broiling. At Fortress Monroe, each paymaster received his vessel's allowance, so many pounds for so many men. One gentleman, getting in his share a few ducks, remarked that every thing was welcome, green-backs or THANKSGIVING IX THE ARMY. 435 canvas-backs. In the York River and at Norfolk plentiful clistribution.s were made, and four hundred pounds were bappily left over to fall to the lot of some incoming blockader, buffeted by the storm ; some double-ender, out of pork and unable to make lier two ends meet ; some weather-boaten craft, overcome by liard tacking and harder tack. Captain Geo. F. Noyes, a gentleman who had formerly served on General "Wadsworth's staff, assumed the duties of purveyor to the army of the Shenan- doah, one Shei'idan commanding. He left New York with fifty thousand pounds of uncooked turkeys, and arrived at Winchester and made the distri- bution on Thanksgiving eve. The weather was cold, and therefore propitious. The soldiers, who had scant appliances for roasting — few spits and no tin kitchens — had plenty of stewpans, saucepans, pots, and kettles. The Shenan- doah turkeys were most of them reduced to soup, broth, and gravy, and in this form were eaten with the highest zest. '' It ain't the turkey so much, it's the idea," said an enlisted man to Captain Noyes. "It is not the violets," said the belle of the season, '' I could have bought them myself, but it shows he has not forgotten his Eliza." "I am confident," wrote General Sheridan, ''that at this moment, now Thanksgiving Day, many of our soldiers are tacitly blessing those at home for the remembrance so substantially manifested." To the armies of the Potomac and the James were forwarded three hun- dred thousand pounds of poultiy, besides an enormous quantity of dough-nuts, pea-nuts, pickles, periodicals, apples, gingerbread, onions, tapioca, turnips, tracts, and other vegetables and viands. Mr. Arthur Leary placed his two steamers — the Charles C. Leary and James T. Brady — at the committee's dis- posal. They sailed on the Sunday and Monday before the festal Thursday, having on board some four thousand boxes and barrels, under the care of Captain T. B. Bronson. The turkeys were, for the most j)art, cooked, being that portion of the people's bounty which had been received in kind, and that part of the committee's purchases which the hotel-keepers and bakers of New York had roasted, either without charge or charging only the actual outlay. The immense labor attendant iipon the unloading of the steamers at City Point, and the distribution of their cargoes among the various corps, was suc- cessfully performed. Several of the moTe distant regiments celebrated the holiday somewhat later than their fellows, but as they knew the poultry was coming, and as the idea was more than the turkey, they were content to fast on Thursday and feast on Saturday. So much for Thanksgiving in the armies. But the public bounty did not end here. There was hardly a hospital, hardly a detached camp or isolated 436 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. garrison, either in the North or upon the border, that did not receive its share. The New York Committee, continuing to receive stores and money after the poultry steamers had left, determined to supply the hospitals and forts around the city. But in this they found that they had been in a measure forestalled by the Board of Brokers. They were therefore fain to supplement the provi- sion already made, by additions of turnips, cake, apples, and, in some cases, turkeys. They offered to stock the larders of the Baltimore and Annapolis hospitals, but the Baltimoreans and Annapolitans needed no help. Some two hundred and sixty barrels were sent to Newbern, and eleven boxes to the iron- clad Dictator. The states which dispensed their hospitality through the New York Committee, were the six of New England, New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Michigan. Many of the donors of turkeys had labelled their gifts with their own names or initials, and not a few received letters of acknowledgment from the recipients. A trooper in the Second Cavalry Division of the Army of the Potomac thus addressed Mrs. J. N. P. : " Madam : — I have the pleasure to announce to you that your correspond- ent is in receipt of a Thanksgiving present (a volujatuous turkey) — one of those that we have frequently read about in ancient history. To describe it would be impossible. The taste of a soldier down here upon the feathered tribe can scarcely be ].)ictured ; but altogether, I pronounce it elegant, and it would make a Imngiy man's soul feel proud. We cannot extend suiRcient manifold kindness towards the ladies of New York. Although I am a Penn- sylvanian myself, it appeared to me that it was my lot to be the happy recipient of the above-named fowl. These friends are the means of restoring new vigor to the hearts and lives of the soldiers, knowing that part of the human sex (the ladies) arc for the preservation of the Union and our glorious country, which braces us up to fight our foe and enemies of the Southern Confederacy. Madam, although strangers, when such luxuries and delicacies come before our careworn notice, we must emphatically say we can- not be such. I must now close. " Your ever obedient servant. S. R. S." A letter conceivetl in a more sober vein ran thus : " Camp of 143d Reg't, Penn. A'oi.a., November 27th, 1804. " To Mrs. R. S., and Others, who hare remtmhered the soldiers: "Dear Madam and Friends: — Upon this beautiful Sabbath moi-ning. I have the honor and extreme pleasure to acknowledge, in behalf of three THANKSGIVING IN THE HOSPITALS. 437 hundred ami tliirty-six enlisted members of, and present with, the One Ilim- drcd and Forty-third Regiment, Penn. Vols., the reception of one hundred and sixty-eight pounds of roasted turkeys and ehiekens ; one hundred and ninety- six pounds of Spitzenberg apples ; one keg of apple butter; twenty pounds of cakes; nine minced pies; and eighty-four pounds of vegetables, from parties A SOLDJER'S bill of fake for thanksgiving DAT. unnamed ; also, one box of choice delicacies, tastefully packed with roasted turkeys and chickens, cakes and pies, from Mrs. R. Scott, of Oswego City, New York, as 'Thanksgiving offerings to the brave defenders of our country.' Although arriving two days after the appointed Thanksgiving Day, they were nevertheless quite as acceptable and as highly appreciated upon the 26th as they could possibly have been upon the 24th of November. "My pen has not the powers of description that would do justice to the advent of these home remembrances among us — scenes which stir to the depths the feelings of sturdy men, with twenty-seven months of hard service, fraught with the peril of life and limb, in front of relentless traitors, whose ' loud cannon-thunder and death-dealing shots have but nerved them to suffer, to do, and to dare,' for the maintenance of the best government ever insti- tuted by man. These scenes, let me say again, are not to be described — only to be seen and felt. Therefore, as distributing officer for this regiment, I ten- der to you the sincere and heartfelt thanks of the entire command for your generous Thanksgiving offerings. E. U. W., "Commissary Scrg't, 143d Reg't Pcnn. Vols." 438 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. A few words and a few extracts will suffice to show in what way Thanks- giving was kept in the hospitals at the North — the tables of each being spread by the care of its own special circle of ladies. David's Island Hospital, near New York, and the largest in the vicinity, celebrated the day as follows: At one o'clock a new flag was raised, the convalescents singing the anthem. Speeches were made by gentlemen skilled in preparing an audience for a feast of turkey by a flow of soul. Then came dinner, served in ten mess-rooms, seating two hundred persons each — ten ladies and gentlemen being detailed to wait on each. A blessing was asked upon every table, and then the carving- knife, gleaming in the sunshine, was plunged up to the hilt in wliat has been pronounced its fittest scabbard. We give a soldier's bill of fare for the 24th of Novenber, 1864. It is the particular bill of Fort Schuj-ler ; but, with the exception of the music of the band of the Seventh Infantry, may serve for any other camp, hospital, or garrison. Massachusetts assumed and discharged the grateful duty of furnishing the dinner to all the soldiers in the Washington hospitals, seventeen thou- sand in number, without regard to state lines ; and this in addition to sup- plying the Boston forts and stations, aniicn'.s Tah'c. — JIrs. Thomas R. Lamdert, Mrs. John II. Sherburne. Marines' Table. — Miss Lizzie Marston. Itoxbiirtj Table. — Mrs. John S. Sleeper, Mrs. William S. Leland, Mrs. Franklin Darracott. Dorctuster Table. — Mrs. William Wales. Jamaica Plain Table. — Mrs. W. H. S. Jordan, Mrs. J. C. Jones. Xewlon Table. — Mrs. William Claflin, Mrs. Kinmouth, Mrs. Thomas Xickerson, Mrs. Wil- liam Lane, Mrs. L.vNGnoN Coffin, Mrs. David Rowland. Cambridye Tabic. — Mrs. H. W. Paine, Mrs. Charles Setmoue, Mrs. II. L. Eustis. THE NATIONAL SAILORS' SNUG HARBOR. 449 Here is the nucleus of a fund from whicli, in due time, shall arise a National Sailors' Snug Ilarbor. Ilere Old Neptune shall house his invalids ; here the iron-clad veterans shall finish their days in peace, -when blockade- runners, and torpedoes, and fire-ships, and Blakcly rifles, shall be at least two generations old. Here they shall prepare to hear, not the Last Trumpet — that were well enough for the landsmen — but what Father Taylor, when preaching in a bethel, technically and not irreverentially calls the Bo'sun's Last Whistle, Piping All Hands to Quarters. C/ielsea Table. — Mns. JouN W. Graves, Mrs. Josuua Loring. L>/7tn Table. — Mrs. John B. Allen, Mrs. Oliver. Salem Table. — Mrs. J. Webster, Mrs. Geo. II. Chase, Mrs. James O. Saffoud, Mrs. J. F. TncK- ERMAN, Afiss Augusta L. Nichols. Beeerhj Tabic. — Mrs. Edward Burlet, Mrs. Joseph Abbot. Mai-blehend Table. — Mrs. Thomas Appleton, Mrs. Mary Graves. Lowell Table. — Mrs. Samuel Sargent, Mrs. Charles T.^lbot. JS'ew Beilford Table. — Mrs. Lawrence Grinnell, Mrs. Geo. T. Stearns. CajK Cud Table. — Miss C. E. Phinney, Miss Grace Bacon. Mount Vernon Table. — Mrs. James Burnham, Mrs. James W. Cutter. Donation Table. — Mrs. Charles W. Galloupe. Old Colony Table. — Mrs. Gersuom B. Weston, Mrs. Davis. State Table. — Mrs. Gideon Haynes. Teachc7-x' Table. — Miss Seymour. Portland Table. — Mrs. Stover Little, Mrs. H. L. Eobinson. Tbrtsnwnth Table. — Mrs. John B. Haley. Xem Jfamps/iire Table. — Mrs. John P. Hale, Mrs. George Hutchins. Philadelphia Table. — Mrs. D. Haddock, Jr., Mrs. Brooks, Mrs. Hazleton, Mrs. E. S. Hall. Flower rnfife— Mrs. Waldo Adams, Miss Mattie Hazard, Mrs. Benjamin Hurd. Confectionery Table. — Mrs. E. T. Milliken, Mrs. S. Morse. Department of Pefreshments. — Mrs. Warren Colburn. Skating Park. — Mrs. C. L. Wheelwright. Jb.s<-C|;^re.— Mrs. Hubbard W. Tilson. JTuxieal Department. — Mrs. Oliver Ditson, Mrs. Henry Mason. Indian Drjxirtment. — Miss Kate Miller. Glass and China DejMrtment. — Mrs. Daniel B. Stedman. House Furnishing, Booksellers' and Stationers', and Carved Wood Departments. — J. L. HtraNEWELL. Seieing-Maehine, Hardware, and Vegetable Depart ment.*i. — Augustus Parker. Drugs and Faney Artieles. — Mrs. Mary G. Stoker, Miss Sarah II. Manning. Jewellery Department. — Mrs. George Mowton. Department of Arms and Trophies. — Mrs. Charles H. Davis, Mrs. John Downs. Department of Curiosities avd Antiquities. — Mrs. A. O. BiGELOw. Carpet Department, Fishing Pond. — Mrs. Warren Hapgood. Personal Tables of Boston. — Mrs. Alexander H. Rice, Mrs. Henry A. Wise, Mrs. Samuel F. CouES, Mrs. Geo. W. Simons, Mrs. L. McFarland. The Boatswain's Whistle. — Mrs. Julia Ward Howe. 29 CHAPTER XVIII. TESTIMONIALS TO DISTINGUISHED COMMANDERS. ONORABLE services of silver-ware have, in our day, given place to title-deeds and government bonds, in the estimation of those who desire to recognize and reward a signal puhlic career. The days of massive punch-bowls, solid tea-sets, frosted wine-coolers, have passed away, and a better method of requiting the heroic deeds of great soldiers and great sailors has succeeded them. The clue was given to the discovery of this method by an incident that befell a wine-cooler of somewhat ancient date. Presented to Commodore Decatur, it was afterwards purchased by a gentleman who had never been within a thousand miles of Tripoli, and who had never exacted tribute from the Dcy of Algiers. So when the fight in Charleston harbor came, no one thought of giving Major Anderson a punch-bowl ; the health shattered in that anxious service within the walls of Sumter was not to be restored by tea delicately brewed or wine generously cooled. The Philadelpliians gave a practical form to their recog- nition of the faithful steward's labors; and if Major, soon after General, Anderson desired a plate, or a bowl, or a vase — he could purchase it. Not long after this, certain Philadelphians thought proper to recognize the services of General George ileade in a somewhat similar manner — no plate, FUND FOR THE FAMILY OF GENERAL BIRNEY. 451 elaborately cliased, but a. substantial bouse and lot, furnished and ready for occupation. And not long after this, again, these same Pbiladelphians heard and answered another appeal. General David B. Birney was compelled by illness, brought on by expo- sure and over-exertion in the field, to give up the command of the Tenth Army Corps before Eichmond, in October, 186-1. He reached home in a dying condition, and expired on the 18th, surrounded by his family and friends. In an address delivered at the Academy of Music, on the evening of the day of the funeral, Governor Curtin thus alluded to the loss they were called upon to deplore : " To-da}', I, with others, followed to the grave a soldier of the republic, late a citizen of Philadelphia. I knew him well, indeed I had the honor of giving him his first commission. I was connected with ever}- promotion he received from the national government, and followed him with pleasure as he became more distinguished, from battle to battle, and became dearer and dearer to truly loyal men everywhere. Philadelphia did herself honor to-day when she honored the remains of Genci'al David B. Birney. lie had braved the dangers of battle forty times, yet his life was spared, that he might return to die in tlie midst of his loving famih^ Ever remembering the old flag under which he had so often fought, he exclaimed with his last breath, and as his life went out, 'Boys! keep your eyes on that flag!' And so the noble Birney fills a soldier's grave. And he has left a wife and children behind him. I have frequently committed to the people of Pennsylvania the care of the soldier's wife and children, and now we have a law of our commonwealth by which we assist to nurture the destitute orphans of our brave martyred heroes. While I ask not for charity, I trust, in justice, that the jseople of Philadelphia will not forget the six little children of General Birney." A meeting of the friends and associates of the late general was held on the 24th at the Continental Hotel, "to take measures to raise a testimonial to his memory." Among the resolutions passed was the following: "Eesolved, That in acknowledgment of the valuable services rendered his country since April 19th, 1861, by the late David B. Birney, and the sacrifices he has made in the cause of the Union, it is our duty, as it will be our pleas- ure, to use our means and influence to provide and set apart for the benefit of his family a fund which, added to his estate, will yield an income at least equal to the pay he received, so that they will suffer no ])ecuniary loss by his death.'' A committee of fourteen members was appointed to procure subscriptions 452 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. to this fund. In ten days the object stated in the above resolution was fully accomplished. That a rear-admiral should, for distinguished services, be made vice- admiral, may very well satisfy a national desire, and relieve the public con- science. But it is, nevertheless, a title witliout an estate, a dukedom without a duchy. If the founders of the government counted upon the spirit and liberality of the public to make up for what they decreed should be the parsimony of tlie people — for let no one confound the people and the public — it is a happy circumstance that fortune has blessed so many of our citizens, and that they are so ready and anxious, as we have seen, to assume the trust imposed. Premising that Admiral Farragut returned to the North late in 1864, and that Messrs. Moses Taylor, Samuel Sloan, and John J. Cisco, of New York, were made chairman, secretary, and treasurer, of a committee appointed to annex an estate to the vice-admiral's title, we make the following extracts from the correspondence which ensued between the Admiral and the committee : " New Yoek, December 31, 1864. " To Vice-Admiral David G. Farragut, Senior Fla(j-officer of tlie United States Wavy : " Dear Sir : — It is but an act of duty on the part of the citizens of this commercial community to acknowledge the brilliant services you have ren- dered to the country, in guarding its maritime interests, protecting its com- merce, and maintaining the honor of its flag. " Tlie gallantry displayed by tlie fleet, which, under your orders, opened the Mississippi from the Delta to the Crescent City, deservedly won the applause of a grateful people ; but still later in the contest waging for the restoration of the national autliority, and the possession of the forts and terri- tory of the Union, your unparalleled skill and dauntless intrepidity in forcing the entrance of the Bay of Mobile and capturing its defences, tli rilled the hearts of your countrymen, and excited the admiration of every generous nation. " The deeds which illustrate alike 3-our name and the naval history of the republic, have been fitly recognized in your promotion to a grade higher than has ever before been known in the American navy — a rank fairly won in bloody conflict, justly bestowed by the government, and gladly hailed by the American people. " The citizens of New York can offer no tribute equal to your claims on their gratitude and affection. Their earnest desire is to receive you as one of THE FARRAGUT FUND. 4f)3 their number, and to be permitted, as fellow-citizens, to share in the renown you will bring to the metropolitan city. This desire is felt in common bv the whole community; and, in the hope that it may be not inconsistent with your own views, the grateful duty has been confided to us of placing in your hands the accompanying testimonial ; and we remain, " With the highest respect and regard, faithfully your friends, " Moses Taylok, Chairman. '• Samuel Sloan, Secretary. '• John J. Cisco, Treasurer." EEPLY of admiral FARRAGUT. " Washington, Jiinnai-j 17, 18fi5. " To Mr. Moses Taylor, Chairman. : " Sir : — Permit me to return my thanks for the complimentary remarks made by yourself, the Collector, Mr. Draper, and Mr. Low, of Brooklyn, as well as those contained in the resolutions of your honorable committee. " As to the performances of the fleet under my command, they were by the directions of the government, and are alike attributable to the gallant officers and men who served under me, guided by a kind and overruling Providence. That government has evinced its appreciation of my services by my advancement to a grade heretofore not recognized in our navy. This, sir, was all I could desire, and more than I expected. " But, sir, from the moment I entered the port of New York up to the pres- ent time, I have been the recipient of lienors and hospitalities, and am even now called on to express my grateful acknowledgments of the receipt of this last mark of your bountiful generosity, accompanied with the kind expression of your hope that I will become a citizen of the metropolitan city, than which nothing could be more consonant with my feelings. " But, sir, I am still the servant of my country, and must obey its sum- mons to the path of duty, indulging the hope, however, that much of my remaining life may be spent in the home of my refuge, whose citizens have so munificently guaranteed a birthright to my descendants. " Very respectfully, your obedient servant, '• D. G. Farragut, Vice-Admiral." THE FUND. "New York, .Januiiry 2fi. 180.5. '■ Vice- Admiral David G. Farragut, United States JVav;/: "Dear Sir: — In a former communication addressed to vou. we alluded 454 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. to some of the grounds upon which the loyal citizens of New York were desirous to express, in a fitting manner, their sense of your claims to the grateful recognition of the country, for gallant services rendered at a period of imminent national peril. " Of the fund provided for the declared purpose of rendering you a tribute of respect and gratitude, the sum of $51,130 was appropriated to the purchase of fifty bonds, issued by the national government, of the value of $1,000 each, with accrued interest ; and we have now the pleasure to place in your hands a check for the surplus remaining from the subscription. " In closing this duty — one of the most grateful we have ever been called on to perform — we offer you the assurance of our earnest hope that you may long be spared to shed lustre on the navy, and to enjoy the retrospect of a life of usefulness and honor devoted to the service of your country. " With sincere regard, we remain, faithfully yours, " Moses Taylob, Chairman. " Samuel Sloan, Secretary. " John J. Cisco, Treasurer.'" Messrs. Ball, Black & Co. furnished gratuitously a blue morocco case, lined with white and red satin — the loyal colors being thus ingeniously combined — in which the bonds, and the correspondence engrossed on parch- ment, were enclosed for transmission to the admiral. The following correspondence explains itself: "PniLAnELPiiiA, January 2, 1805. ^^ Lieutenant- General 'G. S. Grant, commanding United States Army : " Dear General : — Having learned that Mrs. Grant was looking for and unable to obtain a house in this city, which you have concluded to make your place of residence, it affords us great pleasure to present to yourself and family a house furnished and ready in our City of Homes. " As citizens of the United States, we beg your acceptance of this slight testimonial of the gratitude we feel, in common with all loyal citizens, for the eminent services you have rendered to the nation, during its present struggle for the suppression of the rebellion, and of our appreciation of your distin- guished military ability, patriotism and moral worth. " As citizens of Philadelphia, feeling that it would be a high honor to have vou a fellow-townsman, we present it as a token of the welcome which our entire city extends to your fomily, while you are still fighting the battles of the nation, and which we will most heartily extend to yourself when the war THE GRANT TESTIMONIAL. 455 &ball be over. In requesting your acceptance of the title-deed, let us express the hope that, through the instrumentality of yourself and other tried and trusted heroes, the time may soon come when the blessings of Union and peace, founded on the principles of justice and freedom, shall crown the efforts now so nobly made. " That our country maj' come forth from the terrible ordeal stronger, bet- ter, purer and freer, is our earnest wish ; and to this we pray that God may long spare your valuable life, and continue your invaluable services for our national prosperity and peace. " On behalf of the subscribers, very truly yours, " George II. Stuart, E. G. Knight, " A. C. BoRiE, Davis Pearson, "Wm. C. Kent, Geo. Whitney, "James Graham, Committeey ' " IlEAD-QrAnTEKS Akmt of the Uxited States, ^ "City Poixt, Va., January 4, ISliu. \ "Messrs. George IT. Stuart, A. C. Borie, W. C. Kent, E. C. Knight, Davis Pearson, George Whitney, and James Graham, CovimiUfe : "Gentlemen: — Through you the loyal citizens of Philadelphia have seen fit to present me with a house, lot, and furniture, in your beautiful city. The letter notifying me of this is just received. 456 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. "It is with feelings of gratitude and pride tliat I accept tliis substantial testimonial of the esteem of your loyal citizens: gratitude, because it is evi- dence of a deep-set determination on the part of a large number of citizens that this war shall go on until the Union is restored ; pride, that my humble efforts in so great a cause should attract such a token from a city of strangers to me. " I will not predict a day when we will have peace again, with a Union restored ; but that that day will come, is as sure as the rising of to-morrow's sun. I have never doubted this in the darkest days of tliis dark and terrible rebellion . "Until this happy day of peace does come, my family will occupy and enjoy your magnificent present. But until then, I do not expect nor desii-e to see much of the enjoyments of a home fireside. " I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient servant, " U. S. Grant, " Lieutenant- Generml United States Army.'' General Grant's family took possession of their homestead in May, 1865 ; and not long afterwards the country was at peace ; that peace of which the general was as sure as of the rising of the morrow's sun. A fund, which certain gentlemen had been for some time busy in collecting, was now nearly ready for distribution. The Kearsarge had destroyed the Alabama, instead of capturing her, and so the crew were entitled to no prize- money ; or, whether entitled to it or not, were not, at any rate, to have any. A committee of the Chamber of Commerce of New York, of which Charles H. Marshall was treasurer, soon called upon their fellow-citizens, the mer- chants especially, to contribute to the Kearsarge fund, •' as a slight recognition of their valuable services to the country, and especially to the merchant marine, in sinking the Anglo-rebel pirate Alabama." The sum of §25,000 was, not long after, ready for distribution. The apportionment was made according to the methods in usage, an appro- priate certificate accompanying each share. The following was the allotment, as decided upon by the committee : Commander |10,nOO Three Acting Masters— two, cacli, Lieutenant Commander 1,200 $750 ; one $500 $2,000 Chief Engineer 800 Second Assistant Engineer 500 Snrgeon 800 Three Third Assistant Engineers — Pavmaster 600 each, $400 1,200 THE KEARSAllGE FUND. 407 Midshipman $400 Captain's ck-rk 300 Paymaster's clerk 250 Gunner 400 Boatswain 40t> Two Acting Master's Mates — one $450, and one |400 850 Surgeon's steward 150 Paymaster's stewanl 150 Twenty-four seamen, eacli $40. . . . itfiO Tliirty-two petty officers, averaging $46 40 1,485 Sixteen ordinary seamen, each $.30. 480 * Tbe following was the list of subscribers; .\tlantic Mutu:il Insurance Co 84,(X)l) 00 Columbian Insurance Co :i,0il0 UO Great Western Insurance Co 2,000 00 Sun Insurance Co 2,000 00 Pacific Mutual Insurance Co 7.")0 00 Uuion Mutual Insurance Co .500 00 New Yorl< Mutual Insurance Co .'iOO 00 Pacific Mail Sfcauisliip Co .500 00 Mercantile Mutual Insurance Co .500 00 A. A. Low it Brot licrs "."lO 00 Orient Mutual Insurance Co 2.50 00 Washington Marine Insurance Co.. . . 2.50 00 Metropolitan Insurance Co 250 00 Plicnix Insurance Co 2.50 00 N. L. & G. GriswoUl 250 00 One ordinary seatnan, killed; money to go to liis family $'200 One ordinary seatnan, wounded. ... 50 Eleven iirst-cla.ss firemen, each $35. 385 Nine second-class firemen, each $30. 270 Twenty-two laiidsmefi, eacli $25. . . 550 Eight private marines, each $30 240 Tliirteen coal-heavers, each $25 . . . 325 Two first-class boys, each $20 40 Second-class boy 15 Amount apportioned* $25,000 Number of officers and crew 161 Grinncll, Minturn A Co $3,50 00 Weston it Gray 2.50 00 Ilowland & Aspinwall 2.50 00 Bucklin, Crane & Co 2.50 00 Frotliingliam .t Baylis 350 00 Wm. H. Fogg & Co 250 00 G. S. Stephenson & Co 250 00 Fabbri it Cliauuccy 250 00 Wm. Whitlock, Jr 350 00 W. W. Deforest & Co 250 00 S. B. Chittenden it Co 2.50 00 Phelps, Dodge & Co 250 00 Sturgcs, Bennet & Co 350 Ou J. G^ King's Sous 2.50 00 SpofTord, Tileston it Co 2.50 00 458 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. As Sierman's army was approaching Savannali, after its triumpliant marcli through Georgia, a movement in behalf of Sherman was set on foot in Ohio, similar to that which resulted, as has been stated, in the case of General Grant. The design was to jjresent a house to Mrs. Sherman either in Colum- bus or Cincinnati. The committee having the matter in charge soon after received the following letter from the lieutenant-general : " llEAD-QcARTEnS AuMT OP THE UxiTED STATEi>, / "City Point, Va., December 22, 1864. * "n. H. Hunter, D. Tallmadge, John T. Brasee: "DEAii SiKS: — I have this moment received your printed letter in relation to your proposed movement in acknowledgment of one of Ohio's greatest sons. I wrote only yesterday to my father, who resides in Covington, Kentucky, on the same subject, and asked him to inaugurate a subscription to present Mrs. Sherman with a house in the city of Cincinnati. General Sherman is eminently entitled to this mark of consideration, and I directed my father to head the subscription with five hundred dollars for me, and half that amount from General lugalls, chief quartermaster of this army, who is equally alive with myself to the eminent services of General Sherman. " Whatever direction this enterprise in favor of General Sherman may take, you may set me down for the amount named. I cannot say a word too highly in praise of General Sherman's services from the beginning of the rebellion to C. H. Marshall ?250 00 E. D. Moigau & Co. 2.50 00 John Caswell ct Co 2.'50 00 Panama E. R. Co 250 00 A. T. Stewart A Co 2.50 00 Hunt, Tillinshast & Co 2.50 00 H. B. Claflin A: Co 2.50 00 W. II. W\hb 200 00 Josiah Maey & Sons 1.50 00 David Dows & Co 100 00 Hccker & Erother 100 00 Geo. W, Blunt 100 OO R. L. Taylor 100 00 Russell Sturgis 100 OO E. Nye 100 00 S. Rowley & J. Demarest 100 00 Spauldin;;, Hunt & Co 100 00 Anthony '.t Hall 100 00 Lathrop, Ludington & Co 100 00 Sprairue, Cooper it Colburn 100 00 Sullivan, Randolph & Budd 100 00 Geo. C. Ward 100 00 Youngs it Co 100 00 Total James G. Bennett Francis Skiddy R. W. Ropes & Co Areher cfe Bull H. A. Smythe E. S Jaffray & Co Samuel .MeLean & Co J. & J. Stuart ct Co Shepard Gaudy Cary it Co M. O. Roberts W. D. Moriran Edward Rowe Galwey, Casado . Wood, Trustee for Shermnn^s Testimonial Fund: General: — I liave tlio lionor to submit the following report of the amount subscribed and paid : Fiekl and staff officers $25 00 Other officers 12 00 Officers and men of Company A 28 00 " " " 15 71 50 " " •■ C 50 00 " " " D 32 00 " " " E 106 00 " " " F 23 00 " " " G 23 00 " " " II..... 73 00 " " " 1 20 00 " " " K 31 00 $500 50 I am your obedient servant, W.M. II. Ihi.i,, Lieutenant- Colonel f,\d 0. V. /., Trustee for Regiment. The erection of monuments to fallen soldiers may be mentioned in this connection. The Si.xth Army Corps had collected $10,000 for a statue of General Sedgwick before peace was secured, and forwarded a duly executed contract from Burkesville to the sculptor of their choice, Mr. Launt Thomp- son, of New York. One contribution to this work was an unwilling — nay, a compulsory — one, that of the bronze, which was furnished by the Southern Confederacy, in the form of cannon. Other artists throughout the country arc at work upon similar orders. CHAPTER XIX. Miscellanies: Yakious Methods of Procuring Means, and Yakious Methods of Apflying Them. WOMEN WUKKING IN TIIK *ltLU. The women of the country — and especially those of the northwestern por- tion — have rendered other services than those we have chronicled; the battle- field is not the only field in which they have wrought, bearing the heat ami burden of the day. The wife who, in the summer of 1861, wrote the follow- ing lines, doubtless kept her promise, or, if not, thousands kejit it for her: Don't stop a moment to think, John. Your country calls, tlieu go ; Don't think of me or the children, .John, I '11 ciire for them, you know. Leave the corn upon the stalks, John, Potatoes in the hill ; And the ]nnnpkins on the vines, Joliii. I '11 gather them with a will. So take your gun and f;o, John, Take your gnn and go. For Ruth can drive the oxen. John, And I can use the hoe. 462 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Women in the field were no unusual sight in 1862 : Mrs. Jane Arbicht, seventy years of age, living in Hancock County, Indiana, having sent two sons to the army, sowed ten acres of wheat with her own hands. The next year — the absorption of men by the army having constantly increased — large tracts of country were almost exclusively tilled by women. Mrs. Livermore has given us an account of her experience and conversation in the midst of scenes thus cultivated: "We found women everywhere in the field," she writes, "driving the reapers, and binding, shocking, and loading the grain — an unusual sight to our eyes. At first we were displeased with it, and turned away in aversion. By-and-by, we came to observe how skilfully they drove the horses around and around the wheatfield, diminishing more and more its periphery at every circuit, the glittering blades of the reaper cutting wide swathes with a crisp, crunching sound, that it was pleasant to hear. Then, also, we saw that when they followed the reapers, binding and shocking, although they did not keep up with the men, yet their work was done with more precision and nicety, and tiie sheaves had an artistic finish that the otiiers lacked. So we said to ourselves, ' They are worthy women, and deserve praise ; their husbands are probably too poor to hire help, and so like the help-meets God designed them to be, they have girt themselves to the woi'k of men, and are doing it famously. Good wives ! good women !' " 'And so you are helping to gather the harvest,' we said to a woman of forty-five, who sat on the reaper to drive, as she stopped her horses for a brief rest. " 'Yes, ma'am,' she replied ; 'the men have all gone to the war, so that my man can't hire helja, and I told my girls we must turn to, and give him a lift with the harvestin'.' '■ ' Have you sons in the army ?' " 'Yes, ma'am,' and a shadow fell over the motherly face: 'all three of them 'listed, and Neddy, the youngest, was killed at Stone River, the last day of last year. We've money enough to hire hel]), if it could be had, and my man don't like for me and the girls to be workin' out o' doors ; but there don't seem no help for it now.' "We stepped over where the girls were binding the fallen grain, and said to one : " ' Well, it seems that you. like vour motlier, are not afraid to lend a hand at the harvesting?' " ' No, we're willing to help out doors in these times. My three brothers are in the army, my cousins, and most of the men we used to hire — so that there WOMEN IN TUE WIIEATFIELD. 463 is no help to be got but -women's, and the crops must be got in, you know, all the same.' " ' I tell mother,' said another of the girls, ' as long as the country can't get along without grain, nor the army fight without food, that we're serving the country jtist as much here in the harvest-field as our boys are in the battle- field, anil that sort o' takes tlie edge off from this business of doing men's work, you know ;' and a hearty laugh followed this statement. " Another was the wife of one of the soldier sons, with a three-year-old boy toddling beside her, and tumbling among the sheaves. From her came the same hearty assent to this new work which the strait of the country had im- posed upon her; and she added, with a kind of homely pride, that 'she was considered as good a binder as a man, and could keep up with the best of 'em. For my part, I am willing to do any thing to lielp along in these war times.' "Now we saw things with different eyes. No longer were the women of the harvest-field an unwelcome sight. Patriotism inspired them to the unusual work, and each brown, hard-handed, toiling woman was a heroine. Their Imsbands and sons had left the plough in the furrow, at the anguished call of the country, and these noble women had loyally bidden them God- speed ; without weak murmuring or complaint had put their own shoulders to the hard, rough farm- work, feeling that thus they also served the common cause. All honor to the farmers' wives and daughters of the great North- west! Many women have done virtuously, but these excel them all." Another metliod of aiding the cause was invented in Austin, Nevada Ter- ritory ; and the description of this method is the history of the now famous Sanitary Sack of Nevada Flour. This is as follows : In April, 1804, Mr. 11. C. Gridley, of the firm of Gridley, Hobart & Jacobs, of Austin, and Dr. Herrick, an officer of the county, laid a wager on tlie result of a local election. The conditions were, that Dr. Herrick, were he the loser, should carry a twenty-pound sack of flour through Main Street, fi'om the First Ward, Clifton, to the Fourth Ward, Upper Austin — a distance of about a mile and a cpiarter — marching to the air of Dixie; and that Mr. Gridley, in the event of losing, should carry the flour from Upper Austin to Clifton, marching to the tune of Old John Brown. Mr. Gridley lost, and, on the 20th of April, paid his debt. The people assembled about his store. Mr. Gridley appeared with the sack of flour trimmed with ribbons and flags. A procession was formed, in the following order : thirty-six men on horseback, headed b}' the city officials elect; then ten musicians on foot; then Dr. Herrick, carrying Mr. Gridley 's hat and cane ; then Mr. Gridley, bearing the sack, accompanied by 464 TUE TRIBUTE BOOK. his son, a boy of thirteen, carrying a flag of appropriate dimensions ; then the Democratic Central Committee, two of them with flags, one of them carrying a huge sponge aloft upon a pole, and another a new broom ; then citizens, then boys. The spectators cheered, the mill-whistles screeched, the band played, and the hills eelioeil back the strains of John Brown's March. The brilliant cortege reached Clifton ; and as many of the crowd as could obtain entrance followed the princijjals into a convenient tap-room, where the ceremonies of confessing defeat were performed. The flour was delivered to the winner of TUK I'ROOK^SlnN (iK Til K BANITAUY SACK the wager ; the flag was surrendered ; the broom was given up, in recognition of the fact that a political party in Austin had been swept away as with a besom. Speeches were made, and the legitimate business of the tap-room was for a time exceedingly brisk. The procession then returned to Upjier Austin, Mr. Gridley no longer an humble pedestrian, executing a painful duty, but mounted upon a mettlesome charger, triumphant, discharged of his debt. The proprietors of another well-known tap invited the crowd within their hospitable walls, to partake of what was on the board, or might be placed there. Now this was a pleasant, harmless jest ; and here, doubtless, those who THE SANITARY SACK IX AUSTIN. 465 originated it, supposed it would end. Had tliey been told, as tliey were tramping towards Clifton, tLat their merry-making W'ould in any way benefit the cause of the sick and wounded soldiers, that their ordinary sack of humdrum flour would one day bring into the coffers of beneficence say $10,000 in gold, they would have scouted the foolish prophecy. What would they have thought, then, could they have known that those twenty pounds of Austin wheat were to be worth to the Sanitary Commission on the Pacific coast alone, $63,000 in gold ? This fact, for it was one soon, was thus brought about : A stand was erected, and the now illustrious sack was placed upon it. Mr. Gridley made a few remarks, offered $200 for the burden lateh' borne upon his shoulders, the money to go to the sanitary fund. Mr. T. B. Wade then took the stand as an auctioneer, and launched the flour upon that sea of farinaceous popularity, on the yesty waves of which it has hardly yet done tossing. Mr. M. J. Noyes took the bag at $350, paying the money and returning the bag. It was sold again, and again, and yet again — the buyer in each case producing the purchase-money, but declining the purchase. Mr. Buel, the defeated candidate for mayor, who, for some unexplained reason, was out of gold, offered a certificate of indebtedness of the United States Indian Department, for $1,115 ; but as this, when cashed, would be but paper still, the bid, in spite of its liberality, was ruthlessly rejected. Such is the callousness produced upon the Austin soul, by a too constant metallic fric- tion. The offers in silver and gold went on ; the auctioneer, whose eloquence had already been surj)assing, now swayed the auditory as it were a cornfield stricken by the gale. His tongue was tipped with honey, his fingers seemed touched with birdlime. He who listened was lost, and he who bid paid the amount of the bid. This is a Pacific coast way of doing things ; our Eastern auctions, where only the winner pays, are spiritless in comparison. When the buyers had relieved themselves of the eagles and double-eagles which they happened to have about them, combinations of small change were made, and very respectable offers were aggregated in this way. Then the spirit of class was brought into play — the merchants seeking to outbid the mill-owners, the miners resolved not to be beaten by the landlords. When coin had entirely disappeared, and all portable evidences of value had been swallowed up in the whirlpbol, somebody bid a town lot. This was only accepted, because a monopolist of real estate, who happened to be present, offered to purchase the lot, and produce the gold on the morrow. Bids of stocks and scrip, not easily converted into monov, were rejected, to the value 30 466 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. of many tbousands. When tlie sale was closed, the bid.s in the aggregate were over $4,000, with accepted offers from Mr. Buel of a block of lots in Water- town, and of another block from Mr. Jefferson Work. The procession was re-formed, the band again awoke the echoes, and the pleasures of the day ended with a serenade to Mr. Gridley, the hero of Upper Austin. About three weeks afterwards, it was proposed that the Sanitary Sack should be taken to Gold Hill, and be sold several times more. On the 16th of May, therefore, a proper escort being obtained, the bag was conveyed to Gold Hill. A halt was called in front of Maynard's Bank. Mr. Fitch made a few explanatory remarks, and Marshal Samuel Arnold began operations as auctioneer. He first bought the bag himself for $300, then gave it back, and began again. The offers now went on as follows, each bid of magnitude eliciting thunderous cheering from the elite of the city: Samuel Arnold Belclier Comiiany J. W. Flood Eureka Mill Co Anthony Fox Samuel Hy att Judge Robinson Bank Exchange , Challenge Mining Co Douglass Mill Charles II. Van Gonlei- n. C. Blanchard Consolidation Mining Co C. H. Beckwith George J. Burnett Wm. Britton, one font of Mary Ann stock, which I). K. Korn bought at Yellow Jacket Co A. O. Sanborn Charles Gluey New Oregon Mining Co Succor Mill Co Wright's Gift Entertaiiunent Sacramento Mill Employees of Yellow Jacket Co.. Trustees for Town of Gold Hill. . . Barney Levison Gold Hill Xews George Ayleswortli J. Bolburn Edward Norton Bittner & Skerritt $300 00 DOO 00 2.50 00 200 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 50 00 .50 00 200 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 50 00 50 00 To 00 500 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 Jewett & Sheppard Co Pride of America Co C. H. Beckwith Korn Brothers J. W. Carrick Employees Consolidated Co. No. 1 Gold Hill Hook and Ladder Co. . . Prall & Brown Employees Consolidated Co. (sec- ond bid) Robert Carson Five Gold Hill policemen J. Gashwiler S. B. Ware Employees of Blanchard, Hardy & Van (ioi'der Wildey Lodge No. 1, I. O. O. F. . San Francisco Restaurant Mrs. John H. Milks Silver Star Masonic Lodge Chas. H. Fish, old-fashioned gold shig, worth Wm. Beegan Mrs. E. R. Burke Samuel Arnold G. A. Hart S. H. Marlette Crocker & Co Dinsmore & Ayleswortli Wni. Denise Federal House W. W. Hull A. Hawkins $30 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 V5 00 20 00 ino 00 ] I in 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 50 00 20 00 10 00 10 00 THE SANITARY SACK IN SILVER CITY. 467 Thos. Fitch boiiglit tlio gold shig Mrs. Minnie Hyatt $25 00 bid by Fish, at an advance of . . $10 00 (N. A. II. Ball and .Samncl Hyatt (The announcement was made liei-e were here appointed to pass that Gold Hill liad distanced ronnd the hat.) Austin, and taken the flonr. Mr. II. C. (iridley 20 00 Gridley mounted tlie rostrum, Sanuiel Hyatt 50 00 and threw up tlie sponge, ac- Cash collected in the Iiat 50 00 cording to promise.) All others 357 00 Master Howard Lee 5 00 l!id in Virginia City ]iroviously for Master Amos Gridley 10 Oo (iold Hill: Capt. McClary 10 (ii i A. B. Paul S. W. Chubbuck 10 nil N. A. H. Ball W. W. Bishop 10 00 W.C.Duval Miss Belle Arnold 10 00 W. H. Beegan J. D. Campbell 20 00 J. y. Inder James Jeffrey 20 00 Gold Hill's total bid fur the sack $i;,0H2 00 Not content with this, and knowing that at a spot further on, called Silver City, there was more gold to be had, the speakers, the music, the carriages, and the sack, proceeded to that place. Here rain was falling, and the people were generally absent at work. Nevertheless, Mr. Fitch addressed those who tad gathered at the call of the music, and Messrs. Reese and Arnold assumed the traditional hammer. The offers, and, of course, the payments, were as follows : 150 00 25 00 25 00 20 GO 20 00 N. P.Sheldon $120 00 H. M. Steele J. Martin Reese . $20 00 '^0 00 John H. Greer ... . 100 00 Mvrick & Munctoii 100 00 X. C. Hackett R. C. Buzan 20 00 J. S. Dillev 100 00 20 00 50 00 Mr. McDuffy Master J. Dilley N. A. Keefee Geo. Crandell Mrs. Eliza Elliott 20 00 W. B. Hiokok Blum & Co Barney McDuffy 50 00 50 00 30 00 30 00 25 00 25 00 10 00 . . . 40 00 Mrs. John W. Greer 40 00 Klein A- Boub 25 00 It is proper to add that Mrs. Eliza Elliott did not bid, but gave the sum opposite her name. She was not present at the sale, being pro^jrietress of the old stone hotel, the Sierra Nevada, a little out of town, and being engaged at home. Besides her gift of $40, she dispensed certain creature comforts over her counter. These, however, did not in any way benefit the sanitary fund, and it is not probable that they were of advantage to the sanitary cau.se. Messrs. Klein & Boub, also, were hospitable as well as generous. The procession — designated in the local chronicles as the Army of the Lord — reached the city of Dayton at four P. M. Judge Haydon, who, we are 468 TUE TIIIBUTE BOOK told, " has not his equal as an auctioneer in this or any other country," stood up in the rain, and made sales as follows : Capt. John Day $100 IlarruLi & Co F. Birdsall A. W. Russell J. P. Bause Meyer & Co Ilarley Fay (Coino) Dan Kemlrick W. T. Ilariied M. J. Ik-iiley Overlaiul Saloon Frank Kennedy William Gates Master James Mark well. '• James Dilley . . . Ben Ilazeltine .100 00 Jndf^e Ilaydon §25 00 100 00 Jndge llaydon also gave his hat, 125 00 and bought it back at 10 00 50 00 Hardy, Blanchard ifc Van Gorder 50 00 50 00 N P. Sheldon 50 00 50 00 L. P. Howard & Co 50 00 50 00 "William Gates (second bid) 35 00 50 00 Mr. Dalzell SO 00 40 00 All other bids 207 50 25 00 To tliis sum should be added 25 00 S600, which Messrs. Kennedy 25 00 and Russell were authorized to 25 00 and did subscribe for certain 25 00 noo GO 25 00 25 00 Total in Davton SI ,S-iT 50 Tlie Army of the Lord stopped again at Silver City, on its way home. Here they learned that, during their absence at Dayton, a large bug, which had been captured in the act of crawling upon a man's leg, had been sold at auction for $10 ; and that a man who had spoken disrespectfully of the bug had been well thrashed for it. This remarkable incident started the bidding asrain. and the sack was sold several times more, as follows : Jo. Trencli $100 00 Silver City Ciuard Charles Sherman John Briggs Employees of French's Mills. . . David Hastings Caspar Ilojip John W. Greer R. T. Mullett !Mr. Garten. 50 00 20 00 fiO 00 40 00 40 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 A. W. Atkins Capt. Terry Member of Silver City Guanls. C. V. Boisot M. Goldsticker Capt. Uzney James Kennedy J. II. B. Foster |10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 20 00 25 00 25 00 20 00 The total bid of Silver City, at the two sittings, was thus $1,375. Supplementary bidding had in the mean time been going on at Gold Ilill, increasing the total offer of that place to $6,750. Tiie army now moved upon the works of Virginia City, enveloped and took them by storm. It was here proposed, as a novelty, to sell the flour by auction for the benefit of the sanitary fund! Mr. Bonner, superintendent, and the employees of the Gould and Curry Mines, ''raised Austin out of her boots with one magnificent bid of $3,500. The cheering was not altogether light." Other liids were : THE SACK AT SACRAMENTO. 4G!J Potnsi Silver Mining Cciniiiaiiy. . $5.j0 00 Cliollar '■ •■ •' . . 500 00 Empire Mill and Mining Co 500 00 Stewart it rmldwin $500 00 Land & Brother .... 500 00 All other bids 0,945 00 Total !f;l'2,!l'J5 00 Besides a vast amount of mining stock and a handsome double-barrelled gun ! The sack was soon after sold at Sacramento, where $2,500 were realized. and reached San Francisco towards the end of May. Mr. Gridley at this time .NEVADA 6«'E.\Er.Y. received a letter from Dr. Bellows, then in California, in which were the fol- lowing passages: "The history of your sack of flour is undoubtedly more interesting and peculiar than that of any sack recorded, short of the sack of Troy, and it would take another Homer to write it. I rejoice that j-ou do not have to carry on your shoulders all the money it has made By- the-way, Nevada flour seems to rise without yeast. Is there any connection between 'Grid' — an affectionate title I hear used in addressing you — and griddle-cakes? And are they made of your flour? Jesting apart, allow me to congratulate you and your associates upon your splendid success in our 470 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. common cause. If it goes no further, it will make Reese River and Nevada Territory shining parts of the history of our sanitary fund on the Pacific."' On the evening of the 2Sth of May, a large audience was assembled at the Metropolitan Theatre, San Francisco. The regular performance consisted of the comedy of '• Love and Champagne " and a recitation of Drake's " Ode to the American Flag," with an irregular episode in the form of a sale by auction of the Gridley-IIerrick bale of iiour. At the conclusion of the first part Mr. Charles L. Wiggin made a few remarks, in the course of which he said that the entertainment which was to follow had won golden opinions from all who had witnessed it; that though but a sack of flcmr, innumeraljle jjoultices could be made from it ; that when the very last bidder should have made his very last offer, it was the intention of Mr. Gridley to make the sack up into "batter" cakes, and bombard the walls of rebellious Richmond with a block- ade of apple-dumjDlings. Mr. Wiggin would introduce that well-known citizen, Jerome Rice, who had so fir overcome his native modesty as to agree to act as auctioneer. Jerome, the auctioneer, had consented for once to enact the part of Jerome, the martyr. "Let us, then, second his efforts, and make such a demonstration to-night as, when the story shall have flashed across the wires, shall cause the invocation to rise, as it has a thousand times before, to heaven, from wounded and suffering soldiers, of God bless California, the Soldiers' Friend." The Rice-flour was now offered for sale. Messrs. Grover, Baker k Co., of sewing-machine fame, put in the liberal bid of $625, the largest made during the evening. The next bid, $500, was from the manager and company of the Metropolitan Theatre. The proposals then proceeded as follows C. P. ToUor $100 00 J. Willunns $20 00 J. S. Book 100 00 n. I). Felton 10 00 Union Guiinl 100 00 J. McWilliams 20 00 Fire Depai-tment 100 00 W. J. Farwell 50 00 J. F. Greennian 100 00 Mrs. Hunt 10 00 S. Prieto .30 00 L. J. Ewing 20 00 J. F. Taylor 200 00 F. W. E.iton 10 00 J. D. Forrest 20 00 E. C. Carleton 50 00 Mrs. E. F. Stewart 20 00 C. P. Dnane 25 00 W. E. Roberts 10 00 J. Martenstein 50 00 G. W. Martin 10 00 Total , $2,180 00 The sale of the flour being concluded, the auctioneer announced that Major Stratman had placed in his hands a controller's warrant, being value THE SACK IN VIRGINIA CITY. 471 for $62.89, whicli he would dispose of in tlie same way as the sanitary sack. The sale commeiiced, amid deafening calls and cheers for the major, as follows . W. B. Farwcll $f>2 00 J. Ward Eaton $02 00 W. M. Uifkson 02 00 D. L. Riddle (53 00 0. Koopiiians 02 00 Mr. Lyon 03 00 N. P. Pei-hine 02 00 Total !?430 00 The last bidder, Mr. Lyon, who was a brewer and maltster, apparently enjoyed a vast popularity, for at the mention of his name a deafening uproar arose, whicli for a time put a stop to all proceedings upon the stage. To break the monotony of this clamor, in his particular neighborhood at least, a gentleman drew from his pocket two Treasury notes, each of the value of $10, and proposed a sale. There were four bidders, as follows : George Hayward $15 00 J. Hardy $5 00 Dr. Tozer 70 00 -James C. Patriek 20 00 Total $110 00 One more episode, and the benevolent diversions of the evening were brought to a close. Mr. Duane mentioned to the audience that a young man, a mere boy, who had been a drummer in the Ninth New York Militia, and had lost a lesr at Fredericksburg, was behind the scenes. His name was William Hawkins, and he was anxious to obtain the means of purchasing a cork leg. William Hawkins was immediately called for, and soon appeared; the enthu- siasm and sympathy knew no bounds ; the multitude rocked and tossed with emotion; the air was rent with Californian thunder. Unluckily, the audience had no gold left; nothing remained but silver, and that half-dollars: and so it very soon began to hail. When the shower subsided, and Mr. Hawkins could count his gains, he found himself the better by $146. Here the proceedings ended; the army, either in the person of the drummer-boy, or represented by the Sanitary Commission, had been made the beneficiary of the snug sum, even on the gold coast, of $2,872 — in coin, of course. In the mean time, friends of the cause had been selling the absent sack several scores of times more in Virginia City, and throughout the silver dis- trict of Washoe. Though lost to sight, to memory dear it certainly was, for it brought more money to the treasury when travelling in California than while it remained at home in Nevada. The receipts in Washoe reached the 472 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. marvellous sum of $22,000, besides those we have already mentioned ; so that when the sack embarked at San Francisco for the Atlantic States, its credit account was just $63,000 in coin, and it owned three blocks of lots in Austin, worth $7,000, and a house and lot in Dayton ; all sums realized having been paid over to the local treasuries of the commission. It reached New York in January, 1865, accompanied by Mr. Gridley; attended by him also it started for the West soon afterwards, and under his auspices was oflered for sale at St. Louis. Manners and customs do not bear transplanting, however, espe- cially when they are very peculiar, and Missouri did not altogether appreciate the idea introduced from Nevada. Nevertheless, some $4,000 were added to the fund, but these dollars were greenbacks, not yellow-boys. We have not yet done with the Pacific Coast. Marysville, in California, was holding a sanitary fair, and a small boy, bearing a chicken in his arms, presented himself at the door, seeking admission for himself and his charge. The chicken was decorated with streamers of red, white, and blue — decked for the slaughter, for the boy had brought it, he said, to be made into broth for some sick soldier. He had no money to pay for a ticket, and the man at the door, sternly pointing at a placard making discourteous reference to a free-list, ruthlessly repulsed him. He went away, weeping and caressing his chicken ; a gen- tleman asked the cause of his grief, heard his story, bought him a ticket, and made the incident known to the visitors within. The simplicity of the child, the beauty of tlie chicken, and the sympathy of the wit- nesses, all tended one way : there was but one issue possible out of such a strait, and that was an auction, after the Gridlian process. The chicken was placed upon the block, and the sacrifice commenced ; the hammer of the executioner was not stayed till this bc-ril)boned spring chicken, weighing per- haps a pound, feathers, beak, claws, and all, and containing the material for a scant bowl-full of broth, was sold to various bidders — purchasers all — for $460, in American gold. To have boiled this chicken into broth would have been to kill the goose with the golden eggs over again. Her life was spared, and the last Pacific mail that contained any reference to her at all, stated that she was comfortably settled in a sitting posture, and was expected to remain so for three weeks. Several omelettes had been lost, but nine more chickens were confidently expected. THE UOLPEN OnirKEN UK MARVteVILLE. PACIFIC AND ATLANTIC METHODS. 473 We conclude tliese brief references to Californiau methods witli two extracts from San Francisco telegrams to the Associated Atlantic Press : '■ The sums collected throughout the state, at the recent election, for the Sanitary Commission, in boxes placed at the pulls, amounted to §14,500."' '■ Heavy subscriptions to the sanitary fund, accompanied by harmless earthquakes." Favored region, where the good deeds of the inhabitants convulse the soil ! Not enough, indeed, to rend the earth and topjile cities into the chasms, but just sufficiently to punctuate the subscriptions and round off the thousands. Some of our Eastern methods of serving the country, nevertheless, are not altogether despicable, though nature has never seemed to notice any of them particularly, unless a severe thunder-storm during a meeting to stimulate recruiting in Jefterson may be considered an instance. The heavens paid no attention to the establishment of a Soldiers' Widows' Wood Society, in Port- land, Maine, nor to its accumulation of a fund of S7,000. The moon looked serenely down upon the after-dark labors of the Sawbuck Eangers of Bavaria, Ohio — a knot of boys too young to go to the war, but old enough to saw hickory logs for the wives of those who had gone. The thermometer stood unflinchingly at zero, when the merchants of New Haven sent five hundred pairs of mittens to a benumbed regiment at Brandy Station. There was a January thaw, precisely as usual, when a certain physician of Spi'ingfield, Massachusetts, sent in his receipted bill for §50 to a soldier's widow who hail not paid him a cent, '' in consideration of the services rendered to his country by her lamented husband." The sun shone no brighter on the harvest of that fine old Hummelstown farmer, who threw open his granaries to the families of all enlisting men in Derry township. The air was not rent with applaud- ing thunders when ninety-three wagon-loads of soldiers' wood entered the Illinois town of Springfield. The stars did not start from their spheres when the man with five nephews promised them $5,000 each if they would re-enlist, which they every one of them did. The clouds did not gatlier, neither did thej- disperse, when, in June, 1865, Mr. Vincent Colyer was enabled, by good people in New York, to give returning regiments a feast of cherries and straw- berries, with every now and then a cluster of bananas or a barrel of apples. Nor — to put the indifference of the skies, in the Atlantic regions, in the strongest light — did an impending shower withhold its waters from the hay- field of a soldier's wife, in Windham County, Connecticut, when twenty farmers turned out one Sunday to get it in for her. And yet this woman had a husband in the hospital, and six children at home ! We must mention, in this connection, an attempt to introduce the sanitary 474 TUE TUIBUTE BOOK. boLDltlt 6 U It fc. auction into Maine. The ladies of Calais, having, by dint of energy and per- suasion, succeeded in procuring the erection of a new town-hall, and the said municipal edifice, on its completion, requiring, of course, certain ceremonies of inauguration, it was thought that the interest of the townspeople in the finished structure migiit be turned to the advantage of the soldiers and their families. So an entertainment was provided, and the citizens were bidden to the feast. Now Dr. 0. W. Holmes had been asked to contribute something in his way — a poem, an ode, a sonnet — which might be sung or spoken, and thus aid in bringing the crowd, and satisfying it when brought. But Dr. Holmes, seeing no reason why he should comply with a request from Calais which lie had been obliged to deny when it came from Dover — and other places — excused himself, and sent instead two copies of his published poems, with his autograph in each. As the device of sanitary auctioneering had never been tried in Calais, and as an ojjportunity was now presented, it was resolved to profit by it. The block was erected in view of the assembled k THE KEARNY CROSS. 473 multitude, the volumes were jjlaced upon it, witli tlie hammer of Damocles suspended over tbem. No less a sum than $"2()5 was paid for the books the first niglit. The purchaser, having no use for duplicates, returned one copy, which was sold at a second performance, given for the benefit of tlie hall. Tlie old lady who offered Tarquin nine books at a certain price, and after- wards charged him as much for three of them, has been beaten l)y the auction- eer of Calais; for he received more for one than for two. Tlie duplicate volume was sold twice — once for $180, and again for $50. The Doctor's letter was next brought to tlic block, and sold for $20 ; and an original composition by a young lady of the society, when subjected to the same test, was found to be worth half as much. A complete set of Cooper's Works was next offered. This was not that series of charming talcs which the reader natu- rally supposes it to have been, but half a dozen miniature cedar-wood pails, pink and white in streaks, neatly fitted with handles of brass. These were found to be worth twenty times as much at auction as at retail. Altogether, the soldiers' cause was t!ie better by $575 for the opening of the new town- hall, and the playing of that inspiring game sometimes called " Who speaks last ?"' Civilians, wliosc store had been blessed by Providence, might promote the efficiency of the army, not only by filling its ranks, but by stimulating its zeal. And this has been done by many ; and first, perhaps, in the method we now refer to, by Mr. George Bullock, of Philadelphia. While the Army of the Poto- mac was opposite Fredericksburg, General Birney, anxious to reward those of his division who had performed conspicuous acts of gallantry, and to stimulate the ardor of the whole command, or- dered fifteen hundred Kearny Crosses to be sti'uck, the expense to be borne by himself and his officers. Mr. Bullock paid the bill, without the knowledge of General Birney. The latter, hearing of the occurrence, assented to the new arrangement, on condition that Mr. Bullock sliiiuld be present at the presentation. This took place at division head-quarters, the com- mand being drawn up in hollow square. Gen- '"'" "''-■"■'■'' ''''"^'*- erals Meade, Birney, and Sickles, with their staffs, occupying the centre. 476 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. The ceremonial was brief: speeches by Generals Sickles and Birney, the presentation, music ; the whole being watched with intense interest by a few ladies, who had been attracted from home by a generous sympathy with brave deeds. lu February, 186-i, Mr. Bullock supplied the division with mittens, seventy-five hundred pairs being required for the purpose ; and has, in many ways, direct and indirect, given aid and succor to the soldier. Few. perhaps none, have done more. Aid has been largely rendered to the families of volunteers, by the trades, associations, or bodies to wliich the enlisting men previously belonged. Oat of hundreds of instances of this we give t\v<.) — the Metropolitan Police Fund of New York, and the Fort Pitt Relief Association of Pittsburgh. By the close of April, 1861, quite a number of the policemen of New York had resigned, to take service in the army, and many others were willing to do so, if provision could be made for their families. Early in May, a meeting of representatives from the various precincts was held, and a relief association was formed, with the following officers : Prcsidcn t, Vice- PresUhn t, IxsPECToi! Cakpextei;. Capt. Geo. W. Walling. Secretary, TreuHurer, Serheaxt James A. Luca.i. Jons G. Bergen. ITxectitirc Conimlltee, Capt. Wallixg, Seeoeaxt Clakk Knapp, I'atp.olman Francis F. Mann. A resolution was passed, assessing the members of the force according to their rank, in monthly sums — the fund thus collected to be jjaid by the treas- urer, under advisement of the executive committee, to the families of the police volunteers. This assessment has been promptly and cheerfully met, by every officer and man in the force, with tlic exception of one precinct, which has not contributed. Forty or fifty dollars a month were at first paid to each family, whether its head were a private or held a commission. As the num- ber of enlistments increased, it was decided to make no payments to the fam- ilies of officers; and the sums to be paid, during the war, to the families of privates, were permanently fixed as follows : If the volunteer were married, his wife shoiild receive $20 a month, and every child under sixteen yeaxs of age, $3 a month ; if not married, all fathers, mothers, or sisters, solely de- pendent upon him for support, should receive $15 a month. The force pledged themselves to continue this provision, as long as one single member of their TUE METROPOLITAN TOLICE FUND. 477 fiUCSCBIUKKS TO THE FUND VOll THE RELIEF OF FAMILIES OF POLICE VOLUNTEEKs. body remained in the armies of the country. Forty-five families were at one time upon the pay-rolls, two or tlirec receiving $35 a month, the others rang- ing from $23 to $29. The monthly amount collected has been from $800 to $1,000, and the whole amount contributed by the force somewliat over $40,000. Besides this, the contribution of the police to the Metropolitan Fair was, as has been stated, nearly $5,000. A donation of lemons to the army, in the summer of 1863, cost them $1,000 ; and the bringing home and interment of the bodies of their f dlen comrades, some $400 more. Such is the honorable record of the Metropolitan Police. Such may be anywhere the result of the mingling of the spirit of patriotism with — we have no adequate English expression — the esprit du corps. Late in the year 1862, the members and employees of the Fort Pitt Foun- dry of Pittsburgh drew up and signed articles of association, of which the following is a copy : " We, the undersigned, members and employees of the Fort Pitt Foundry, do hereby contribute the proportion of labor or work, in money, below men- tioned, for the support of the families who have left, or may hereafter leave, these works to join the army. "This fund to be kept up during the war, and to be distributed by a com- mittee of five, one from each — the ofiice, foundry, boring-mill, pattern-shop, 478 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. and cliipping aLd machine shops. The committee to be appointed, and vacancies to be filled, by the members of the different departments; and members of the committee do hereby pledge themselves to a faithful perform- ance of their duties." COMMITTEE. President. Vice-President, Wm. Metcalf, Office. Jos. M. Knap. Treasurer, Secretary, O. Metcalf. W. B. M. Ewex, Pattern-shop. Cash ier, Jas. G. Knap. •John Cupples, Foundry. Roueut Dickso.v, Boring-mill. J. Hackendorx, Chipping and Macliine-sliojj. The sum to be contributed was at first fixed at the proceeds of two days' labor per month for each man in the oflice, and one day's labor per month for each working man. It was found, however, that under this arrangement funds accumulated too rapidly, and the amounts to be furnished were re- duced one half The association has raised on an average $250 a month, and not long ago supported the fiimilies of seventeen soldiers who had enlisted from the foundry, giving to each about $5 a week, and supplying them with coal during the winter. In case of sickness, the association fur- nished a physician and paid his bills. Some months since, the society had a balance on hand of $2,000, and this was increasing. In case of the death of a soldier, or total destitution of a soldier's family, a portion of this balance was placed at their disposal, usually in the form of a small capital, with which to start in business upon their own account. There are many as.sociations in the country similar to the Fort Pitt Relief Association. Experience has shown that there is no more ready means of raising a fund than that thus adopted ; and those who must receive their means of support from other hands than those of their lawful protectors, may take it with less hesitation from the comrades and fellow-workmen of their husbands and fathers, than from any other gi\-er. The association has received about $10,000 since its formation, two thirds of which have been disbursed, while the remainder is, or was recently, invested for future contingencies. TUE AMATEUR PERFORMANCE. 479 TW tM\-I.NClJ (ii:N. We may with propriety say here, that ^^zj^ pt---^- few liave done more, by voluntary contri- butions to the cause, than Mr. Knap, the proprietor of the foundry. On one occa- sion, a twenty -inch gun was placed on ex- I bibition in the sokliers' behalf, Mr. Knap Iti9l^"| engaging to give dollar for dollar. The }iub- lic contributed $500. and Mr. Knap as much. Having thus been led to resume the subject of relief to soldiers' families, we may properly refer to an amateur entertainment of unusual attraction, given in Cincinnati in February, 1865, for their benefit, being nothing less than the play of Hamlet enacted by amateurs, with an original prologue, written and spoken by T. Buchanan Read. The programme was skilfully composed to excite the public curiosity, and is given in the two first columns below ; the third column was published afterwards, to allay the curiositj so adroitly stimulated : Cl.audiu.'*, King of Denmark. An old county officer E. P. Cr.ancli. IliiMjlet Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio Lieut.-Gov. Cliiis. Anderson. „ , . (A frentlenian of the Treasury I)e- rolonuis ' ) partnient Laertes A Kentucky hiwyer Oliver W. Root. Horatio A Pearl Street merchant M. J. Mack. Rosencrantz A popular architect James W. McLauirhlin. Guildenstern A late colonel of U. S. Volunteers. Col. N. Lord. Osric A hardware merchant Waldo C. Booth. Priest A tobacco merchant E. B. Ilinman. Mareellus A teacher in a public school James E. Sherwood. Bernardo An old army surgeon Dr. S. G. Menzies. Captain of Norway forces. .A captain of the U. S. Array Oapt. T. P. Anderson. Francisco A young merchant N. Heinsheimer. First Grave-Digger A prominent office-holder Enoch T. Carson. Second Grave-Digger A Treasury Department official . . .D. G. Barnitz. First Player A inanufacturer of tlje Ifith Ward. . T. R. Elliot. Second Pl.ayer An attorney and editor D. Thew Wright. Ghost of Hamlet's Fatlier. .A captain of the National Guard.. . Wm. Disney. Courtiens, Attendants, Assisting Priests, &c. : Ed. Davenport, Wm. P. Noble, Rowland Ellis, Jr., Col. W. Thomas, Henry Davis, Jno. Baker, Col. Thos. L. Young, Sam. R. Matthews, Jas. K. Wilson, Isaiah Davenport, Chas. R. Marshall, H. Shreve, Thos. N. Withenbury, Elisha Norton, and Jas. C. Root. The female characters were sustained by professional pcrformci-.*. This pleasant scheme for replenishing an impoverished treasury was brilliantly successful, some $7,000 being its direct pecuniary result. From Mr. Read's prologue we make the following extract : Oliver S. Lovel 480 THE TllIBUTE BOOK Our Soldiers" Families! Mark the glorious sight. For them the Swan of Avon sings to-niglit, — The eartli's great laureate, whose immortal skill Created worlds and peopled them at will ; Whoso wizard ^^•and, at one majestic swing, Could make a kingdom or dethrone a king — For them he bids the speotre-monareh rise, — For them tlie sw'eet Oplielia sings and dies, For tliem he asks a sovereign of our own, To leave to-night his magisterial throne. To lay aside awhile his genial vein, To look and think and be the melancholy Dane. Onr Soldiers' Families! For them here have come This generous audience, packed from pit to dome ; For them (would it were ■worthier) here I lay Upon their altar this, my light bou(piet. And if, perchance, tlieir kijidly eyes should view. Among tlie leaves, some random drops of dew. Believe them each the poet's loving tear, In secret shed beside some patriot's bier. [We desire liere to be permitted to introduce ;in episode, irrelevant enough. It is no part of our plan — of this the reader has been warned — to do justice or to offer tribute to those who have given their lives to the cause. Our subject fITZ JAMES U BBIEN. treats of those who have given of their means: the other is a distinct, and, certainly, a far nobler theme. But of one life, a desire to promote the render- ing of proper tribute to him who gave it, at another time and in another form, prompts us to speak. Fitz James O'Brien, an Irishman by birth, an American l.'V adoption, a [loet bv grace, a soldier by nature, fell early in the war against THE COUNTERSIGN. 481 the reljellion, not, liowever, without exacting life lor life. He has left behind him the materials for a thorouglily charming volume, which need but to be collected to find hearty admirers and eager possessors. lias not the time come for this labor of love to be undertaken ? We have been engrossed with more pressing matters, but delay can no longer in honor be justified. Who will assume the task? Premising that O'Brien's war poems, written in the midst of arduous camp duties, are not his best, we make room for one of them, as more properly falling within the scope of this volume. The follow- ing lines were written in Camp Cameron, in July, 18fil :] THE COUNTERSIGN. Alas! tlio weary hours p.ass slow. The night is very dark and still, And in the niarslies far below I hear the bearded whip-poor-will. I scarce can see a yard ahead, My ears are strained to catch each sound : I hear the leaves about me shed, [ground. And the springs bubbling through tlie Along the beaten path I pace, Where white rags mark my sentry's track : In torinless shrubs I seem to trace Tlie foeman's form with bending back. I think I see him crouching low, I stop and list — I stoop and peer — Until the neighboring hillocks grow To groups of soldiers far and near. With ready piece I wait and w.atch, Until mine eyes, familiar grown, Detect each harmless earthen notch, And turn guerrillas into stone. And then amid the lonely gloom, Beneath the weird old tulip-trees. My silent marches I resume, And think on other times than these. Sweet visions througli the silent night! The deep bay-windows fringed with vine ; The room within, in softened light, The tender, milk-white hand in mine, The timid pressure, and tlie pause That ofttimes overcame our sjieech — That time when by mysterious laws We each felt all in all to each. And then, that bitter, bitter day, Wlien came the final hour to part. When clad in soldier's honest gray, I pressed her weeping to my heart. Too proud of me to bid me stay. Too fond of me to let me go, I had to tear myself away, And left her stolid in her woe. fSo rose the dream — so passed the night When distant in the darksome glen. Approaching up the sombre height, I heard the solid inarch of men; Till over stubble, over sward. And fields where lay the golden .sheaf, I saw the lantern of the guard Advancing with the night relief " Halt I who goes there ?" my challenge-cry It rings along the watchful line. '• Relief!" I hear a voice reply. 'Advance, and give the countersi gn! With bayonet at the charge, I w-ait. The corporal gives the mystic spell ; With arms at port I charge my mate. And onward pass, and all is well. But in the tent that night awake, I think, if in the fray I fall. Can I the mystic answer make Whene'er the angelic sentries call ? And pray that Heaven may so ordain, Tliat when I near the camp divine, Whether in travail or in pain, I too niav have the countersign. Two very important objects, not so much connected with the war as with the disbanding of the army, remain to be noticed : tlie jiroeuring of suitable 31 482 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. employment for disabled men, and the maintenance and education of soldiers' orphans ; the one obtained by the establishment of protective and employment societies, the other by the opening of orphan homes. The first employment society commenced its operations as a Protec- tive War Claim Association, and its early history may be briefly told, as follows : On Monday, January 19th, 1863, a meeting of gentlemen was held at the Directors' Eoom of the Merchants' Bank, in New York, to consider the pro- priety of organizing an association for the protection of soldiers and sailors and their femilies having claims upon the government. Such an association was soon afterwards formed, under the presidency of Lieutenant-General Scott, and with an executive committee consisting of Messrs. Howard Potter, Wm. E. Dodge, Jr., and Theodore Eoosevelt. Its objects were : 1st. To secure to soldiers and sailors and their families any claims for pensions, pay or bounty, &c., without cost to the claimant. 2d. To protect soldiers and sailors and their families fi'om imposture and fraiid. 3d. To prevent false claims from being made against the government. 4th. To give gratuitous advice and information to soldiers and sailors, or their families, needing it. The existence of this society gradually became known to discharged soldiers and others, who hastened to jDrofit by the knowledge that their claims could be collected without the necessity of employing agents, at the sacrifice of a large portion of the claims themselves. The business done by the association, at this date, might be divided into four classes : the first class being the regular claims for pensions, bounty, and arrears of pay ; the second, the collection of prize-money ; the third, the col- lection of money due discharged soldiers, which, through the carelessness and neglect of officials, or the ignorance of the men themselves, had not been paid ; and the fourth, the giving of advice and information upon all matters relating to the arm}' and navy. The number of applications which had been entered on the books of tlie association in one year was as follows : For bounty .and arrears of par 1,429 " pensions 1,142 " prize-money 1.39 Miscellaneous 20 Total 2.730 rROTECTIVE WAR CLAIM ASSOCIATIONS. 483 Value- of <'l;uiiis for bounty aiul arrears of pay $213,400 00 " of pensions 1(l!l,(i.'i2 00 " of ]irize claims 51,00i) 00 " of miscellaneous claims 1,000 00 Total ^:i7o,041 Ou Amount collected and paid to claimants : For bounty and arrears of jiay $'2-t,y3S 57 " pensions 11,147 76 " prize claims 17,487 25 Miscellaneous, and on imiierfect papers 6,000 00 Total $59,573 oS The expenses of the society for the first year were a little over $5,0U0. They were met by funds raised by subscription. Soon after the expiration of its first year, the "War Claim Association attached itself to the Sanitary Commission. The following table gives a suc- cinct statement of its operations during the remaining seven months of the second year: Number of claims prepared and tiled : For pen.sions 1.148 '• bounties and arrears of pay 1,489 " prize-money 2,847 Total 5,484 Number of certificates received: For pensions 277 " bounties and arrears of pay 626 '■ prize-money ... 1,035 Total 1,938 Amount secured : In pensions (annual value) $25,679 88 In bounties and arrears of ])ay 74,028 43 In prize-money 131,968 41 Total $231,676 73 Or, at the rate of $400,000 a year. Had the soldiers and sailors thus aided made their applications through claim agents, a large percentage of this sum would have been absorbed in expenses and charges, to use no harsher terms. At about the date of the oi'ganization of this association, the Sanitary Commission opened a bureau at Washington, for the transaction of the same kind of business there ; and on the 8th of April, 1863, a Protective War Claim and Pension Agency was organized in Philadelphia. For a time, these 484 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. various societies confined their eftbrts to aiding the soldier and the sailor iu settling their claims against the government ; and the figures we have given show how largely the army and navy availed themselves of the proffered assistance. As the war drew to a close, however, aid was extended to discharged and disabled soldiers in obtaining employment; the able-bodied man in resuming the trade or handicraft he had abandoned to join the army ; the man incapacitated for regular labor in procuring such light work as his strength or his wounds jjermitted him to undertake. Registers were kept of those seeking employment, and of employers seeking hands ; and the two classes were brought into comtnuiucatiun, much to the advantage of both. The labors of the Bureaux of Employment, like those of the Union Commis- sion and the Freedmen's Relief Associations, lie rather in the future than in the past, and tlie hour of their greatest usefulness is yet to come. TUE PATRIOT onPHAN IIOME, AT FH'SlllNG The other subject remaining to be noticed is that of homes for the orphans of soldiers. This is naturally exciting great interest and attention as these pages go to press. Many homes have been founded ; several have been perma- nently endowed. Others will doubtless be established — some sustained by legislative appropriations, others dependent upon voluntary contributions. The Patriot Orphan Home, at Flushing, Long Island, has a histoiy that will repay perusal : The New York Ladies' Educational Union was organized as a societ}' in THE I'ATRIOT ORPHAN HOME. 485 December, 1861, and incorporated March 7th, 1862. Its object was to estab- lish au educational industrial institution and asylum, where the homeless or destitute children of deceased or disabled soldiers might receive food, cloth- ing, mental and moral instruction, with such training in the arts of daily life as would fit them for usefulness, and enable them to earn a respectable sup- port. The society began with small means, and the first expenses were defrayed by the members alone. In May, they rented a building in the Sixth Avenue, New York, capable of comfortably accommodating fifty children. It was immediately filled, and hundreds of applicants sought admission in vain. The situation of some of these children was so distressing that the society, though unable to receive them, temporarily took charge of them, and paid for their board in private families. A suljscription was soon afterwards set on foot, to obtain the necessary funds for the purchase of commodious buildings and grounds, in the country, though not far from the city, where three hun- dred children, at least, might obtain shelter, education, and a temporary home. Encouraged by the contributions made, though the sum needed was fixr from being secured, the managers, acting in accordance with the advice of the Board of Counsellors, purchased an estate at Flushing, Long Island. The building was as large as was desired ; while the grounds, eight acres under cul- tivation or laid down to grass, furnished both kitchen-garden and playground. In view of the object to which his property was to be devoted, the proprietor made a liberal deduction fi-om his intended price. On the 2d of May, 1863, the fifty children moved, with their scant furniture and wardrobe, from the brick walls of the city to their jileasant country home. They met their mothers at the ferry, and said or wept or laughed good-by. At the gates of Flushing, a two-by-two procession was formed of those not too young to walk. When they reached the lawn, to quote the " Patriot Orphan Home,"' such shouts of delight and merriment never were heard before. '■ The girls scampered away hither and yon, while the boys went turning som- ersaults upon the grass, all the way up to the house. They were too full of joy for any thing. They could hardly trust their senses, so great was the change. This house to be theirs! The grass theirs I The birds theirs ! The shade-trees theirs ! The garden theirs! They were bewildered ; and no wonder." Two ceremonies then took place : the first, that of dedication ; the second, that of inauguration; tlic first, religious; the second, gastronomic; first prayer, then dinner. The divine blessing was invoked upon the enteriJrise by clergymen of Flushing, then the doors of the festal hall were opened wide to all who had crossed the threshold. Upon this slender foundation did what 486 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. may one day be the noble Orphan Home of New York, commence its beneficent career.* In July, the managers gave .the children a pic-nic, in a grove near the Home ; and a feature of it that speaks well for the atmosphere breathed by the dwellers on Flushing Bay, was the fact that every child in the institution was there, waiting for the wagon. Not one upon the sick list ! Nobody on fur- lough ! Even the baby was there ; and the history of this baby — that, perhaps, of ten thousand others — is the history of war orphans the world over. Its fother, a young man of twenty-three years, had been in the twenty odd battles of the Army of the Potomac, and for many months had heaid nothing from his family. Having returned home on sick leave, he found that his wife and child had disappeared, leaving no trace. After a long search in the pub- lic institutions, he found his child on KandaU's Island, and, in Bellevue Hos- pital, the record of the death of his wife. The soldier took the baby, and having been fortunate enough to hear of the Home for the Orphans of Patriots, delivered her to the matron, and returned to the army then girding itself for the struggle at Getty-sburg. The flag of the Home, the gift of sympathetic friends, was raised on the 4th of July, by Master Brady and an assistant. Ice-cream, cake, and the Star-spangled Banner, wore incidental features of this agreeable festival. * At this time, tlie ofBcers of tbe Patriot Orphan Home were as follows : BOARD OF OFFICERS AND MANAGERS. OFFICERS. Mrs. Wm. Topping. lifcortHttff SccretnvTf, Mks. it. Zabriskie. Mils. Ges. Wm. K. Strong, " Stephen Ci'tter, " joun cuisholm, " J. M. GVSTIN, " James Demakest, " J. D. Smith, " JOSIAII SrTUEIiLAND, " A. Meuwin, " James Smillie, 'Wr-Pre^kletit, Mks. C. L. Monell. Ci}rrespf the state, to p;iy their expenses there, to see that contracts entered into in regard to them were faithfully kept, and that the orphans, when of the proper age, were apprenticed to responsible em- ployers. The munificent donation of the Pennsylvania Railroad was looked ujion as the nest-egg of a fund to be hereafter raised, and contributions were asked of the patriotic and humane. Large additions are constantly made to it. The managers of "The Northern Iloino for Friendless Children," of Phila- delphia, an institution in existence long before the war, and suj^ported in part by legislative and municipal appropriations, in part by voluntary con- tributions, passed a resolution in January, 1864, to the efl'ect that "the state owes a debt of gratitude to our soldiers and sailors such as can never be repaid by any act of ours, and that, therefore, the additional building recently erected for the use of The Northern Home for Friendless Children be spe- cially appropriated as a temporary asylum for the children of those in the army and navy who have fallen in the jjresent war, until a permanent home can be established for them by the State of Pennsylvania." This building was soon after dedicated to the purpose thus indicated. During the last fiscal year of the Home, some $6,000 were received from private sources. The nucleus of a home for soldiers' orphan sons exists at Suspension Bridge, Niagara County, New York, where Colonel and Mrs. Young have established The Niagara Volunteer Institute, supported entirely by private bounty. The cadets, as the boys are called, their education being strictly military, visit the principal cities of the country- from time to time, exhibiting their proficiency in the manual, and eliciting not only verbal encomiums, but pecuniary en- couragement. As these pages go to press, the interest of the public, lately divided among so many benevolent objects, is very naturally centring upon oi'plian homes and asylums for the permanently disabled. And we have to close this record by confessing that in this respect it is incomplete — rejoicing, indeed, that it is so ; for what we have been able to set down as having been done for the widow and orphan, does not bear a just proportion to the promises either explicitly or tacitly made to the husljand and father. It had been the purpose of the author to include in this volume a state- ment of what he who was President of the United States when it was com- menced, had done for the war and tlic soldiers, in the ways and by the methods 492 THE TRIBUTE BOOK of wliicli these pages are tlie chronicles. We had intended to collect the items of his contributions, his gifts of original documents and of mammoth oxen, of salary undrawn and interest overdue. But hy his death such details have been rendered trivial — impertinent, indeed; and, strictly speaking, Mr. Lincoln has no place in this book. Even had he given substantial aid, in the form recorded here, by millions, it would be 2)uerile to set it down, to be dwarfed by the mighty overshadowing monuments of his life and achieve- ments. So, having nothing to say which would not be trifling, if within the scope of the subject, and nothing which would not be irrelevant, if beyond it, and yet unwilling that a book recording certain incidents in the preservation of the Union should not contain at least the lineaments of him who was its preserver, we lay down the pen and invoke the aid of the pencil and the burin. The artist may perhaps do gracefully and acceptably what the pen- man cannot do at all ; the one may succeed where the other's success is not even to be desired. And now for that summary of the voluntary contributions of the war which has been promised in the closing chapter. The author may the more properly call attention thus repeatedly to these figures, as he has been assisted in their preparation by gentlemen who have made not only general statistics, but these special data, the constant subject of their study. CHAPTER XX. A WORK like tliis would be incomplete witliout an attempt to group under one head the various forms of the philanthropy and private generosity of the war, and to arrive at the grand total in dollars and cents. The data necessary for this are not of equal value, in point of precision, in all departments of the inquiry. While the records and reports of the commissions, the aid societies, the relief associations, the committees, give with commendable accuracy the amounts which have been received and disbursed by them, the more extensive department of private bounty money, of individual encouragement of enlist- ments, of subscriptions made m behalf of drafted men, and the hardly less important phase of relief extended to the families of volunteers, find us abso- lutely without a basis upon which to found an investigation. Doubtless, certain wards, certain committees, certain towns, kept records of the aid thus obtained and extended ; but the arduous labor of collecting them, throughout so wide an extent of country, has not been undertaken, except in one state. And when collected there is no certainty — and there can be none — that they would be complete. Let the reader reflect for a moment in what an infinite variety of ways assistance has been rendered to the volunteer himself, and to the wives and children left behind. Even supposing that the mere subscrip- tion lists could be gathered from the twenty loyal states, what portion of the aid given would they represent? Only that portion which was public, which had been rendered in organized metliods, and the record of which had sur- vived the month or the year. All that had been privately done, as well as that which, though at the time matter of general knowledge, had been 494 THE Till BUTE BOOK. afterwards forgotten, would be necessarily omitted. This single reflection h sufficient to sliow that, whatever may be the result of an inquiry like that we arc attempting, it must be under the truth — that we cannot err except upon the safe side. It has been said that one state only has made an effort to discover the facts in this intei-esting question — the state of New York. The legislature created, in 1863, a Bureau of Military Statistics, one of the objects of which was de- clared to be the rendering of " an account of the aid afforded by the several towns, cities, and counties of the state." Colonel Lockwood L. Doty was made chief of this bureau, and his two annual reports, those of 186-i and 1865, furnish the only material we have for prosecuting the present inquiry. From the later of the two reports we make extracts showing how minute have been the details of the investigation, and how valuable the record must be, when completed, in spite of inevitable deficiency in some respects : " Record books, containing printed forms for obtaining a complete account of the services of regiments, companies, and batteries, are in use in the bureau. They comprehend a series of inquiries, covering the authority, when and to whom granted, as well as the time, place, and circumstances attending the formation ; a specific account of each company, where and by whom raised ; a record of bounties, and other aid, I'cceived from the state, from counties, cities, towns, and individuals ; the time when recruiting was begun, and when completed ; the in.spection, term of enlistment, account of flags, departure from the state, assignment to duty, movements, specific details of battles, skir- mishes, and other services, casualties, sanitary history, and facts connected with termination of service. The inquiries contemplate a statement so full as to enable every marclf to be traced upon a map, and so complete as to afford a satisfiictory knowledge of the services of the organization, should every thing in memory or tradition pass away." " Books for collecting and preserving a detailed account of the aid afforded in towns, cities, and counties, have been in use by the bureau during the past year. The information is systematically sought from official and other sources, and embraces as well what has been done by taxation and loans as by individ- ual liberality and effort, by fairs, churches, schools, academies, and other organized means; also the influence of the war upon pauperism and crime, and upon banking and general business interests. " Two fifths of the towns and counties of the state were visited during the past year for statistics, by agents of the bureau. From these our account is quite complete, down to a period varying from July 1st to December 81st, SUMMAUY. 49.'5 18tM; but the largely eulianced cost of travel prevented a visit to every town, and we were therefore obliged to rely upon correspondence to accomplish the rest. This mode has been only measurably successful." It thus appears that returns from less than half the state had been received, and that these came down to a period in no case later than the 31st of Decem- ber, 1864. The statement is made in another portion of the report, that these returns had been made " wholly or in part," that is, that all were not complete. They were from four hundred and forty towns (out of nine hundred and forty in the state), mainly of the rural districts, and represented a population of eight hundred and seventy-one thousand. The sums raised in these towns, by these people, to promote enlistments and to relieve drafted men, amounted to $943,000, in round numbers. This proportion of eight hundred and sev- enty-one thousand persons furnishing $943,000, may doubtless be extended to the whole of the state, which would give, for the three million eight hun- dred and eighty-one thousand inhabitants, $4,200,000. But as the returns were made " wholly or in part," and as they do not embrace, in all cases, the later months of 1864, and, in no case, the earlier months of 1865, it will not be too much to increase this to $5,800,000, as the voluntary self assessment of the people of New York, for the purpose of promoting enlistments. This I'esult, thus obtained for one state, is all we have to serve as a clue to the contributions of twenty-five otlier states. The question at once arises, how far it is jorudent to employ it as a basis in other calculations. It is probable that, while it may be safe enough in the Eastern and Middle States, it may be somewhat too high throughout the West, where men were more readily- oljtained, and where there were fewer compact settlements, inhabited by persons able to eontrilnite large sums. Taking the population of the loyal states at about twenty millions, we may divide it into two parts, of ten mil- lions each, the first giving one dollar and fifty cents per inhabitant; the second, one dollar and thirty cents. This, set down in tabular form, would be as follows : Contributions of the Eastern and Atlantic States, for the pi'omo- tion of enlistments and the relief of drafted mim, in all the various forms which have been mentioned in the foregoing pages, $15,000,000 Contributions of the Western and Central States for tlie same purpose, ... . 13,000,000 $28,000,000 496 THE TRIBUTE B(30K. The sums given in aid of the families of volunteers can only be ariiveel at by a similar process. C(J- onel Doty's report states the amount contributed by eight hundred and seventy-one thousand per- sons — reporting wholly or in part — and up to a period extending from July to December, 1864, as $107,000. This would make the total contributions of New York for this purpose $477,000 ; and this, considered incomplete as above, might be increased to $650,000. The cal- culation, carried out as before, would give as the contributions of the loyal states for the relief of the families of volunteers, about three and a half millions. But there are certain reasons for be- lieving that this result is very much below the truth. The New England States made special preparation, by pledges given by wealthy men, by collections taken up in the churches, and in other ways, for the support of soldiers' families ; and throughout the country the salaries of en- listed men were regularly paid to their families for three, six, and sometimes twelve months. The Association for Inniroving the Condition of the Poor, in New York, estimates the amount ex- pended by itself upon soldiers' families in one year at $40,000. "We shall be under-estimating the sums devoted by the whole country to this purpose, in putting it at ... . . . §4,500,000 [Even this result will doubtless appear small to many readers ; but it must be remembered that taxa- tion was largely resorted to, to obtain the funds neces- sary for the partial support of soldiers' families. As payments had to be made regularl}^, in monthly or quarterly sums, it was hardly possible to depend upon voluntary contributions, to any great extent. Five cities of New York — and those not the largest — Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, Poughkeepsie, and SUMMARY. 497 Brooklyn, raised by taxation nearly $1,200,000, for the relief of the families of volunteers.] Under this head are to be included, of course, not only the amounts obtained by subscription, as in the t'urlier period, but those contributed by associations, as in the case of the police force of New York ; those obtained by entertainments, concerts, &c., &e., and in all the methods which have been referred to in these l>ages. We come now to the efforts made, and the money given in aid of those efforts, to promote the health and efficiency of the army — mainly through the Sani- tary Commission. As strict accounts have been kept by the treasurer of every dollar and of every package intrusted to the Commission, there is no difficulty in regard to the figures, which may be stated as follows : Cash received by the Sanitary Commission, up to the Istof January, 1865, $3,471,000 Cash received by the Sanitary Commission, from the 1st of January, 1865, to the close of the war, including the proceeds of the second Chicago fair (estimated), 500,000 Value of the supplies received by the Sanitary Com- mission (a portion, for the later months, esti- mated), 9,000,000 12.971.(.0ti But, as the Branches of the Commission did not always turn into the general treasury the entire sums collected by them, by fairs, contributions, &c., and as these sums are therefore not in- cluded in the foregoing item, it is necessary to set them down separately. Now these branches, at Boston, Philadelphia, Buffalo, Brooklyn, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Chicago, Cincinnati, so far retained their independent character that they expended a considerable part of their money receipts, and a part of their supplies, for local purposes, which did not belong to the general 32 .198 TUE TRIBUTE BOOK. plan of the Commission. Thus, Cincinnati and Chicago botli established and supported sol- diers' homes of their own, and aided soldiers' fiimilies, hospitals, &c., from funds which were not reported to tlie general treasury. Thus, $40,000 from Boston, $100,000 from Brooklyn, $160,000 from Cincinnati, $60,000 from Cliicago, $200,000 from Pittsburgh, were retained, and never passed directly into the general treasury. Though a portion may have been received and acknowledged in the form of supplies, yet the total amount of sums to be mentioned apart from the receipts of the Sanitary Commission, in this form, cannot be under ........ §1,000,000 It was said in the chapter treating of the Sanitary Commission, that large amounts of money and large quantities of supplies were sent to the army before the Commission was organized ; and that many of the aid .societies continued to act inde- pendently of the Commi.^sion, even after its or- ganization. As these values do not appear in the returns of the Commission, and as, indeed, they have not been collected, and do not appear in these columns elsewhere, it becomes neces.sary to estimate them. Some persons have placed them as higli as the acknowledged receipts of the Com- mission itself; but we shall probably be nearer the truth, if we record them as of the value of . . 5.000,000 A hint or two will suffice to show that this esti- mate is a low one : One single lady, not connectcil with either of the Commissions or Aid Societies, who distributed only what was sent her b}- churches and individuals, and who kept accurate accounts of her receipts, disbursed over $20,000 in money and $300,000 in supplies, during the war. Others did nearly or quite as much ; and in the West, after the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, and Periyville, SUMMARY. 4yu contributions were sent to tlie field from almost every town. Steamboat load after steamboat load as- cended the Tennessee, till Savannah landing seemed like the levee of a great city. After the battle of Bull Eun, Adams' Express had on hand more than one hundred and fifty tons of supplies sent to the soldiers, which they could not deliver, besides the thousands of tons they did deliver. [The farewell of the Women's Central Associa- tion of Eelief, of New York — one of the societies from which the Sanitary Commission sprang — w^as issued too late to appear in this volume under the proper heading. We therefore make no apology for introducing it here. The pith of the article was con- tained in the following resolutions : " Resolved, That the Women's Central Association of Relief cannot dissolve without expressing its sense of the value and satisfaction of its connection with the United States Sanitary Commission, whose confi- dence, guidance, and support it has enjoyed for four years past. In now breaking the formal tic that has bound us together, we leave unbroken the bond of perfect .sympathy, gratitude, and affection which has grown up between us. " Resolved, That we owe a deep debt of grati- tude to our Associate Managers, who have so ably represented our interests in the different sections of our field of duty, and that to their earnest, unflagging, and patriotic exertions much of the success which has followed our labors is due. "Resolved, That to the Soldiers' Aid Societies, which form the working constituency of this Associa- tion, we offer the tribute of our profound respect and adrhiration for their zeal, constancy, and patience to the end. Their boxes and their letters have been alike our support and our inspiration. They have kej^t our hearts hopeful and our confidence in our cause alwavs firm. Henceforth the women of America oOO THE TRIBUTE BOOK. are banded in town and country as the men are from city and field. We have wrought, and tliought, and prayed together, as our soldiers have fought, and bled, and conquered, shoulder to shoulder; and from this hour, the womanhood of our country is knit in a com- mon bond, which the softening influences of peace must not, and shall not, weaken or dissolve. May God's blessing rest upon every Soldiers' Aid Society in the list of our contributors, and on every individual worker in their ranks. " Eesolved, That to our band of volunteer aids, the ladies, who, in turn, have so long and usefully labored in the details of our work at these rooms, we give our hearty and affectionate thanks, feeling that their unflagging devotion and clieerful presence have added largely to the efficiency and pleasure of our labors. Their record, however hidden, is on high, and they have in their own hearts the joyful testimony, that in their country's peril and need tliey were not found wanting. " Resolved, That the thanks of this Association are due to the ladies who have at different times served upon the board, but are no longer members of it ; and that we recall, in this hour of ]iarting, the mem- ory of each and all who have lent us the light of their countenance and the help of their hands. Especially do we recognize the valuable aid rendered by the members of our Registration Committee, who, in the early days of this Association, sujjerintended the training of a band of one hundred women nurses for our army hospitals. The successful introduction of this system is chiefly due to the zeal and capacity of these ladies. " Resolved, That in dissolving this Association, we desire to express the gratitude we owe to Divine Providence, for permitting the members of this board to work together in so great and glorious a cause, and upon so large and successful a scale, to maintain for SUMMARY. 601 so long a period relations of such affection and re- spect, and now to part with such deep and grateful memories of our work and of each other." Collections of the Western \, -_.j v. ommission, money and stores, including the proceeds of the Mississippi Valley Fair, $2,800,000 Receipts of the Illinois Commissioner-General, an offi- cer appointed to collect money and stores from the people of his state, . 500,000 Receipts of the Iowa Sanitary Commission, up to the period of its incorporation with the Sanitary, and Western Sanitary, Commissions, ...... 175,U00 Collections of the Indiana Sanitary Commission, cash and supplies, first year, . .... $108,000 Collections of the Indiana Sanitary Commission, cash and supplies, second year, ..... 188,000 Collections of the Indiana Sanitary Commission, cash and supplies, third year, ..... 223,000 Collections of the Indiana Sanitary Commission, cash and supplies, in 1865 (estimated), . . . 65,000 534,000 Collections of the Philadelphia Ladies' Aid, money and stores, 320.000 [We include in this return — -what was not men- tioned in the text — an immense quantity of stores re- ceived by Mrs. Harris upon the field, which did not pass through the hands of the recording officers of the society.] Collections of the Ladies' Union Aid Society of St.. Louis, money and stores, 150. OOO Collections of the Ladies' Union Relief Association of Baltimore, money and stores, ...... 60,000 Collections of four similar societies in Baltimore, .... 30.000 Receipts of the New England Soldiers' Relief Asso- ciation of New York, money, .... $40,000 Receipts of the New England Soldiers' Relief Asso- ciation of New York, supplies, . . . 200,000 240,000 502 THE TltlBUTE BOOK. Receipts of the Soldiers' Rest, New Yorlc, and sucli portion of tlie receipts of tlie State Soldiers' Depot, New York, as were due to private bounty, . . . $25,000 Receipts of tlie Penn Relief Association of Philadel- phia, cash, $12,000 Receipts of the Penn Relief Association of Philadel- phia, supplies, . 37,000 49,000 Receipts of the Rose Hill Ladies' Soldiers' Relief As- sociation of New York, money and stores, . . . 25,000 Value of the contributions, in money and stores, made casually by visitors to the two hundred and thirty- three government hospitals, established in differ- ent parts of the country (estimate), ..... 2,225,000 Collections of the Christian Commission, money and supplies, first year, ...... $231,000 Collections of the Christian Commission, money and supplies, second year, ..... 1» 17,000 Collections of the Christian Commission, money and supplies, third year, 2,882,000 Collections of the Christian Commission, money and supplies, in 1865 (estimate), .... 500,000 4,530,000 [The above figures of the Christian Commission include the value of telegraph and railroad facilities, of delegates' services, and of publications furnished bv tract and Bible societies.] Value of the tracts, Testaments, hymn-books, and other religious publications, distributed in the army and navy, by the American Bible Society and the American Tract Society, and other similar publishing associations, exclusive of those in- cluded in the reports of the Cliristian Commis- sion, 300,000 Value of the railroad, express, and telegraph facilities, given to commissions, societies, &c., exclusive of those included in the reports of the Christian Commission, 1.300,000 SUMMAllY. 503 [Those wlio, remembering the immense work done gratuitously by these corporations and eompanies, consider this a low estimate, will do well to remember that when the government made the railways military roads, the unpaid transportation of sanitary and hos- pital stores of necessity ceased.] Collections of the New England Frecdmen's Aid Society, money and stores, . $126,000 Collections of the National Freedmen's Relief Asso- ciation of New York, money and stores, .... 400,000 Receipts of the Pennsylvania Frecdmen's Relief As- sociation, .......... 61,000 Receipts of the Orthodox Friends' Association of Philadelphia (Freedmen's Relief), exclusive of foreign contributions, 100,000 Receipts of the Hicksite Friends' Association of Phil- adelphia (Freedmen's Relict), . . ... r2,()()() Receipts of the Northwestern Freedmen's Aid Soci- ety of Chicago, 140,000 Amount raised in Philadelphia and New York for recruiting negro regiments, ....... 50,000 Amount raised in New York for the relief of the negro victims of the riot of July, 1863,. .... 41,000 Amount raised in New York for tlie benefit of mem- bers of the fire department, of the police force, and of the National Guard, injured in the riot, . . . 55,000 Collections of various international relief committees, in New York, Philadelphia, Brooklyn, &c., in behalf of the distressed operatives of Great Brit- ain 847,000 Collection made in New England in behalf of the East Tennesseans, by a committee of which Ed- ward Everett was chairman, ....... 102,000 Collections of the Pennsylvania Relief Association for East Tennessee, 80,000 Collections of the American Union Commission, cash and clothing, 70,000 504 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Collections of the New England Eefugees" Aid Society, a branch of the above, ...... $25,000 Fund collected in New York, Boston, and Philadel- phia, for the relief of the people of Savannah, in January and February, 18C5, 100,000 Fund collected in Philadelphia, for the relief of the people of Chambersburg, in the summer of 1864, . . 35,000 Fund collected in Baltimore, for the same purpose, . . . 3,000 Eeceiptsof the Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon of Philadelphia, cash, $87,000 Receipts of the Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloou of Philadelphia, supplies, oO.OOO — 117,000 Receipts of the Cooper-Shop Refreshment Saloon of Philadelphia, cash, 58.00(i Receipts of the Cooper-Shop Refreshment Saloon of Philadelphia, supplies, I'O.OUn 78,000 Receipts of the Citizens' Union Volunteer Hospital Association of Philadelphia, cash and supplies, . . . 85.000 Receipts of the Union Relief Association of Balti- more, cash and supplies, 180,000 Receipts of the Pittsburgh Subsistence Committee, before the transfer of their duties, 45,000 Amount spent by the fire companies of Philadelphia, and by the Ladies' Transit Aid Association, in the conveyance of the wounded from the boats to the hospitals, 28,000 Amount spent, or received in provisions, for the army and navy Thanksgiving dinner of 1864, . . . 300,000 Amount spent in previous festival dinners for the army and navy, ......... 100,000 Proceeds of the National Sailors' l^air, held in Boston, in November, 1864, 247,000 Amounts presented to Major Anderson, General Meade, Captain Worden, and others, ..... 70,000 Fund raised in Philadelphia for the family of General Birney, . . 50,000 SUMMARY. 005 Amount presented in five-twenty government bonds, by merchants in New Yorli, to Admiral Farragut, . . $50,000 Amount raised to purchase a house, lot, and furniture, for General Grant, in Philadelphia, 50,000 Amount raised in New York to distribute among the officers and men of the Kearsarge, after the de- struction of the Alabama, 25,000 Fund raised for a statue of General Sedgwick, .... 20,000 Other contributions for statues, monuments, &c., . . . 35.000 Receipts of tlie Patriots' Orphan Home, at Flushing, Long Island, 65,000 Donation of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, for tlie maintenance and education of soldiers' or- phans, 50,000 Other donations to the same fund, ...... 20,000 Such portion of the receipts of the Northern Home for Friendless Children, Philadelphia, as have been devoted to the maintenance of soldiers' orphans, 10,00l) Receipts of other orphan homes, ....... 20,000 Net receipts of a fair held in Milwaukee, in June and July, 1865, for an asylum for disabled Wisconsin soldiers, 110,000 Endowment made by the Roosevelt Estate to estab- lish a Soldiers' Home, 1,000,000 Amount of various scholarships established in colleges for soldiers and soldiers' children — of which there are over two hundred — averaging $200 annual income, 70,000 General B. F. Butler's endowment of a scholarship in Phillips' Academy, for a soldier's son, 5,000 Value of frigate Vanderbilt, presented to the govern- ment by Cornelius Vanderbilt, 800,000 Commissions returned to the government by William H. Aspinwall, 25,000 Salary of Solicitor-General AViiiting, not drawn, .... 20,000 Amount spent by Miss Clara Barton in aiding soldiers and in keeping a list of missing men, 10,000 [ i 506 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Amount spent in entertaining soldiers in the summer of 1865, on their way home (outside of that dis- bursed by the Sanitary Commission), $20,0^0 Grand total, $69,696,000 These seventy millions might easily be increased to one hundred millions, 1 were we willing to depart even a hair's-breadth from the line traced out in our plan. We have not included one cent obtained by taxation ; and yet the sums voted for bounties in very many towns might fairly be embraced in the list, for the reason that the vote, in full meetings, was unanimous. A unani- mous vote to tax is nothing less than a subscription, signed by every tax- payer, in amounts jiroportioned to the property of each. A statistician, curi- ous in such matters, has made a calculation that the sum-total of bounty moneys, voted with such unanimity that they might justly be considered sub- scribed, reaches fifteen millions at least. Not venturing to include this in our summary, we feel justified in referring to it here. Again, the war has stimulated the giving of money for educational and religious purposes in a very remarkable degree. No less than five millions of dollars have been bestowed upon or left by will to colleges and seats of learning in the last four years ; and church debts, to the amount of ten mil- lions, have been obliterated in the same time. This is vastly in excess of the sum devoted to the same objects in the four years preceding. Doubtless a portion of this liberality must be ascribed to the inflation of the currency and the abundance of money; but four-fifths of it were due to the revival of inter- est in the weighty matters of religion and education, consequent upon a war which was so largely the result of ignorance in matters both spiritual and tem- poral. This is not, however, the first time that war has been followed by a marked revival in the interest felt in the mental and moral improvement of a people to whom the blessings of peace have been restored. Seventy millions ! Seventy millions, which might be made one hundred with a stroke of the pen ! Let the world know the story of these millions, how they were gotten, how spent, and — Solomon to the contrary notwith- standing — the world will readily acknowledge that at length there is A new THING UNDER THE SUN. A. Adams, Express . . . . Aid Rendehed to Washington's Army Aid Societies .... Amateur Theatricals Amemoan Union Commission Andeeson, James AsPINWALL, Wm. H. . Austin, Nevada PAGR 38 and passim. 15 . Ill . 444,479 . 407 67 . 65 463 Bailey & Co., Philadelphia Barili, Antonio Bellows, II. W. Bied's-Nest Bank of Kalamazoo Blackberries for the Soldiers Broadway Tabernacle Beyan, T. B. . C. California ...... Caey, Alice and Phcebe Chambersburg Relief .... Christian Commission .... Citizens' Union Volunteer Hospital Association 224 80, 92, 98, 469 373 . 102 39 161, 427 91 41 412 336 421 508 INDEX. Coleman, "Wm. T. . . , Colt, Samuel .... CoLYEE, Vincent Commission, American Union Commission, Ciikistian . Commission, Indiana Sanitary Commission, Iowa Sanitary Commission, United States Sanitary Commission, Western Sanitary Commissions, State Sanitary CooPER-Suop Refreshment Saloon CUSHMAN, CuAKLOTTE I'AGE . 90 38 337, -173 407 . 336 319 . 317 77 . 293 316 . 415 225, 250 Dent, Robert D. 40 East Tennessee ...... . 387 409 Emancipation Proclamation ..... . 161 Everett, Edward ...... . 387, 414, 442 Express Companies ...... 244 an I 2^(isshn. F. Fair, Sanitary, Lowell ..... • 158 " " Chicago 159 " " Boston ..... * 171 " " Rochester .... . 172 " " Great Western, Cincinnati . 178 " " Brooklyn and Long Island 190 " " Albany .... . 206 " " Northern Ohio. Cleveland 213 " " POUGHKEEPSIE .... . 215 " " Metropolitan, New York 218 " " PlTTSBTRGH .... . 245 " " Great Central, Philadelphia . 248 " " Northern Iowa, Dubuque 277 " " St. Paul ..... 283 " " Chicago, Second . 286 " " Mississippi Valley 305 " " Maryland State . 347 Farmer, J. W. . 31 Fire Ambulance Companies of Philadelphia . 428 Fire Department of New York .... 222 INDEX. 509 Fbeedmen's New England Aid Society " National Relief Association " Pennsylvania Relief Association " Noktii-Westekn Aid Society " Orthodox Friends' Association " Hicksite Friends' Association " Relief Associations Fund for the Seventh Regiment " Union Defence .... " Fire Zouave .... " Lawyers' ..... " Missorp.i ..... " Sub.^ceibed by Americans in Paris " Philadelphia Bounty " Cambridge Life Insurance . " Hancock Recruiting " Tub Onion ..... " Boston, for Western Sanitary Commission " FOR Recruiting Colored Regiments " Negro Relief .... " Police, Fire, and National Guard Relief " International Relief " East Tennessee .... " Ciiambersburg Relief " Savannah Relief .... " Thanksgiving Dinner " Major Anderson .... " General Meade .... " General Birney .... " Vice-Admiral Farragut . " General Grant .... " Kearsargb .... " General Sherman .... " General Sedgwick " Metropolitan Police I-AOE 307 . 369 372 . . 372 372 > ■ • . 372 373 . 29 33 . 37 39 . . 47 47 . 50 68 . 66 100 . . 301 . 37(;, 379 . 377 379 . 388 387 . 412 413 . 431 4.50 . 450 451 . 452 454 . 456 458 . 460 47fi G. Gordon, Rev. George Gottsciialk, L. M. Gray, Wm. Gridley, R. C. Gkiswold, N. L. a.sd George 91 224 38 463 384 510 INDEX. HiCKSITB FniEND8' ASSOCIATION HoGE, Mrs. A. II. . H. 372 159, 164, 248 Indiana Sanitary Commission International Relief Iowa Sanitary Commission . 319 . 383 317 Jenkins, J. Foster Lincoln, Tribute to LiVBRMORE, Mrs. D. p. Metropolitan Police MuRDOcK, James E. Nevada L. M. N. O. O'Brien, Fitz James .... Olmstead, Frederick Law Orthodox Friends' Association of Pen.ADELPniA . 99 492 159, 164, 277 . 42, 476 126, 187 463 480 81 372 Pension Agency Phelps, Mrs. Colonel John S. . Pictures Contributed by Artists . Plymouth Church Protective War Claim Association R. Raffllng, Argument for and against Refreshment Saloon, Cooper-Shop " " Union Volunteer Refugees' Aid Society Relief Associations Relief Association of Baltimore . Relief Association of Baltimore, Ladies' Relief Association, Fort Pitt " " National Freedmen's 483 296 46 39 482 105 415 415 411 335 424 326 477 336 INDEX. 511 PAGE Reubp Association, New England Soldiers' 328 (1 ^( Penn .... . 382 4{ a Rose Hill .... 334 Reuef, International ..... . 383 Representative Recruits ..... er Roosevelt, Theo. S. . 432 Sack, Sanitary . . . 463 Sailors' Home . • • 440 Sanitary Commission ...... . 77 Sanitary Fairs . 96, 158 Savannah Relief . 413 Sawbuck Rangers 474 Shaw, Francis George ...... . 369 Skinner, Rev. D. 40 Soldiers' Aid Societies ...... . Ill Soldiers' Aid Society, Lowell .... . 28, 71 i( a Bridgeport . . . . . 70, 112, 141 a ii Cleveland . 71, 115 ;i n New York . . . . . 72 .. u Charlestown 112 U (( PonGHKEEPSIE . . . . . 116 •i East Cambridge 117 i( u Hartford . . . . . 118 4( ii LoCKPORT .... 120 (I tt Newburgh . . . . . 121 U (t Worcester .... 122 U it Toledo . . . . . . 123 I. Milwaukie .... 124 tl ll AUBDRN . . . . . . 128 n a Albany .... 129 il li Columbus . . . . . 129 11 ii Boston .... . 130, 150 ii tt Providence . . . . . 133 41 4b Cambridge .... 134 .. Dayton . . . . . 135 44 t4 Detroit .... 135 >. Buffalo . . . . . 137 44 44 Taunton .... 139 41 4( New London . . . . . 139 44 44 Rochester .... 139 4( 44 Salem . . . . . . 141 512 INDEX. Soldiers' Aid Society, Newbtjetport '■ '■ New Haven " ■■ Beookltn Ltnn . Trot " " Cambridgepoht " " New Brunswick St. Lons " " Philadelphia Soldiers' Home, Chicaqo State Sanitary Commissions Stetson, Colonel Strong, George T. . Stttart, George H. . . . Sturges, Solomon Subsistence Committee, Pittsburgh PA8II 142 . 143 145 . 147 149 . 151 157 295, 323 321 . 426 310 . 47 83 . 338 38 . 425 Teachers in Boston Public Schools Testimonials Thanksgiving Dinner Thompson, Rev. J. P. . Tiffany & Co. Transit Aid Association 39 450 431 407 220 428 Union Defence Committee . Union League, Philadelphia . Union League, New York . Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon 32 65 382 415 Vandeebilt, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Frigate Wandel, Jesse . . . . Western Sanitary Commission Widows' Wood Society Women as Laborers in the Field Women of Philadelphia in 1780 . Women of Philadelphia in 1861 Women's Central Association of Relief W. 41 41 31 293 473 461 21 41 72 Ykatman. James E. 294, 299, 304