■MB ■r wBfflMffl SSbSBSb ■I Bl&flRflBf&S] VSBB& «W Ml 11 IP In tfifflllB 5? a UNIVERSAL FORMULARY: CONTAINING THE METHODS OF / PREPARING AND ADMINISTERING OFFICINAL AND OTHER MEDICINES. THE WHOLE ADAPTED TO PHYSICIANS AND PHARMACEUTISTS. BY R. EGLESFELD GRIFFITH, M.D. THIRD EDITION, CAREFULLY REVISED AND MUCH ENLARGED, BY JOHN" M. MAISCH, Phar.D., PROFESSOR OF MATERIA MEDICA AND BOTANY IN THE PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OP PHARMACY. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. Selecta sunt quaa medicum nobilitant. — Linn^us. -■1^ ■^Z^ PHILADELPHIA: A HENET O. LEA. 1874. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by HENRY C. LEA, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress. All rights reserved. PHILADELPHIA: O 1, 1. 1 N n , P 11 I N T K E 705 Jay no Street. TO GEORGE B. WOOD, M.D., ERANKLIN BACHE, M.D., AUTHORS OF THE DISPENSATORY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, %\n Mn\ IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, BY THEIR FRIEND E. E. G. (iii ) PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION In preparing this new Edition, the editor has endeavored to adhere as closely as possible to the plan of the work as adopted by its author, and by its former editor, the late Professor Robert P. Thomas. The consolidation of the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Pharmacopoeias into the present British Pharmacopoeia rendered a careful revision of the formulas of the former three authorities necessary. Those only have been retained in the present edition, which were not superseded by formulas of the new official standard for Great Britain, and still appeared to possess sufficient interest and merit. Precisely the same course has been adopted with regard to the formulas derived from the old pharmacopoeias of the German principalities which have been superseded by the Pharmacopoeia Germanica recently issued. For all the important preparations, it was deemed advisable to give as briefly as possible their relative strength as adopted by the latest pharmacopoeias of the United States, Great Britain, France, and Germany. The formulas selected from the last-named two works are given in the original in parts by weight, and this feature has been retained in all cases where the propor- tions are simple, such as can be easily followed with the weights in use in this country ; all the more complicated formulas, however, have been calcu- lated into the weights and measures of the United States. The numerous improvements in manipulations and processes have been carefully noted, and the new remedies of acknowledged merit and im- portance duly noticed, while quite a number of antiquated formulas have been dismissed from the present edition. Notwithstanding this, the increase in the formulary alone amounts to considerably more than one hundred pages; and in order to not increase the work beyond proper limits, the plan has been adopted to state the forms in which many remedies are best (v) VI PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. exhibited in extemporaneous preparations, instead of copying prescriptions adapted to special cases. The alterations and additions to other parts of the work will be readity noticed, though they are not specially marked. The editor hopes that the labor bestowed upon this edition may render the work as useful for the present wants of the physician and pharmaceutist as the previous editions have proved themselves. Philadelphia, December, 1873. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. The design of this work is to present a compendious collection of formulae and pharmaceutic processes, with such additional information as may render it useful to the physician and apothecary ; and the principal aim has been to select materials most generally applicable, and of practical utility. The sources from which the}- have been derived are very numerous, as will be seen by a reference to the various authorities cited. The introduction contains tables and observations on the weights and measures employed for pharmaceutical purposes in the United States and in foreign countries, and an explanation or vocabulary of the principal ab- breviations and Latin terms used by physicians in writing prescriptions, followed by observations on the management of the sick-room, with rules for the administration of the different classes of medicines. The formulary is arranged alphabetically, according to the pharmaceutic names adopted in the United States Pharmacopoeia; but in each formula, the English appellations for the articles composing it are used, and the quanti- ties of these iugredients are expressed in words, and not in the usual phar- maceutic signs. These innovations may, and probably will, be objected to by many ; but we feel convinced that a change has become requisite, and that fewer mis- takes would be committed by physicians in writing prescriptions, both in the names of the ingredients and in the quantities, were they given at length, and in common language, instead of in the abbreviated cabalistic terms now used. In France this change has been made, and it is full time that other countries should follow her example. In this portion of the work, the compiler has derived much important assistance from several of his friends, and is under great obligation to Mr. ( vii ) Vlll PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION". Wm. Procter, Jr., for numerous formulae and many useful suggestions. He, also, is much indebted to Dr. Robert Bridges for his attentive revision of the sheets, as well as for some important corrections. The various tables which follow, it is hoped, will add to the value of the work. The observations and directions on officinal preparations are given in as concise a form as possible ; and are, for the most part, condensed from the excellent edition of Mohr and Redwood's Pharmacy, as edited by Mr. Wm. Procter, Jr. To this is added a short view of the action of poisons, with the best means of obviating their effects. To facilitate a reference to the contents of the work, copious indices have been added, not onty of the formulae, but of the diseases for which they have been advised. In the botanical portion, the author has been obliged to cite, in almost every instance, his "Medical Botany." This has arisen from the fact, that no other work of a general character on medicinal plants has been issued from the American press. Philadelphia, March, 1850. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE PKEFACES 5,7 INTRODUCTION 17 "Weights and Measures 17 Weights of the United States and Great Britain . . . . . .17 Dublin weights 20 Foreign weights 21 Relation of weights of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia to metrical weights . 25 Measures 26 Specific Gravity 31 Temperatures for certain Pharmaceutical Operations .... 39 Hydrometrical Equivalents ... 40 Specific Gravities of some of the Preparations of the Pharmacopoeias . 44 Relation between the different Thermometrical Scales .... 46 Explanation of principal Abbreviations used in Formulae .... 47 Vocabulary of Words employed in Prescriptions 48 Observations on the Management of the Sick Room 59 Ventilation of the Sick Room 60 Temperature of the Sick Room 60 Cleanliness of the Sick Room 61 Quiet in the Sick Room 62 Examination and Preservation of the Excretions 63 Administration of Medicine 63 Furniture of a Sick Room .63 Proper use of Utensils for Evacuations 65 Doses of Medicines .65 Age . . 66 Sex 66 Temperament 67 Idiosyncrasy 67 Habit './.... 67 State of the System 67 Time of Day 68 Intervals between Doses 68 (ix ) X TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE Rules for Administration of Medicines .69 Acids 69 Antacids 70 Antilithics and Lithontriptics ■. 70 Antispasmodics 70 Anthelmintics 71 Cathartics 71 Enemata 72 Suppositories . .73 Demulcents, or Emollients 73 Diaphoretics 74 Diluents 74 Diuretics .74 Emetics 74 Emmenagogues . . 75 Epispastics 75 Errhines 77 Escharotics 77 Expectorants 78 Narcotics . 78 Refrigerants . 79 Sedatives 79 Sialagogues 79 Stimulants 80 Tonics 80 Management of Convalescence and Relapses 80 FORMULARY 83 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS NOT INCLUDED AMONG THE PRE- VIOUS PRESCRIPTIONS 607 LIST OF INCOMPATIBLES . 612 POSOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT MEDICINES . 617 TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES WHICH DIFFER IN THE UNITED STATES, THE BRITISH, GERMAN, AND FRENCH PHARMACOPOEIAS 625 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS .... 639 Internal Remedies 639 Powders 639 Simple Powders 639 Compound Powders 639 Precipitation 640 Elutriation 640 Granulation 640 Tills and Boluses 641 Extracts 644 Confections, Conserves, Electuaries 646 TABLE OF CONTENTS. XI PAGE Pulps 646 Syrups . • 646 Mellites, or Honeys 647 Infusions 647 Decoctions 648 Tinctures 648 Maceration 648 Displacement ............ 649 Fluid Extracts by Repercolation 653 "Wines 654 Vinegars 654 Mixtures 654 Medicated Waters 656 Distilled, Essential, or Volatile Oils 659 Fixed Oils and Fats . . . 665 Alkaloids 665 Spirits 666 Troches, or Lozenges 666 Inhalations 667 External Remedies 667 Baths • . . * . . .667 Cold Bath 667 Cool Bath 668 Temperate Bath 668 Tepid Bath . 668 Warm Bath - ... 668 Hot Bath 669 Shower Bath . . 669 Local Baths 670 Yapor Bath 670 Warm Air Bath 670 Douches 670 Medicated Baths 671 Affusion 671 Sponging 672 Fomentations 673 Cataplasms, or Poultices 674 Lotions, Liniments, Embrocations 675 Vesicatories, or Blisters 676 Issues 676 Setons 676 Ointments . . . 677 Cerates , 677 Plasters 678 Suppositories 679 Fumigations 680 Blood-letting 681 General Blood-letting . . .682 Venesection 682 Arteriotomy 684 XLL TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE Topical Blood-letting 684 Cupping 684 Leeching 685 Scarifications 686 POISONS 687 INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES 705 INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES . . 727 GENERAL INDEX 733 A UNIVERSAL FORMULARY. INTRODUCTION. Before entering upon the main object of the work, some introductory observations are required, on the forms in which remedial substances are administered, the processes to be pursued in their preparation, and on the weights and measures employed in the proper apportionment of the ingre- dients, and in the regulation of the doses to be administered. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. - These vary much in different countries, and even in the same country. Thus, in Great Britain and the United States, there are three standards of weight recognized and employed: the Avoirdupois, the Troy, and the Apothecaries'. Weights of the United States and Great Britain. Avoirdupois Weight. This is the common standard employed in the selling or buying of such articles as are measured by weight, and is also in use among apothecaries in this country, except in the compounding and dispensing oj medicines. Equal to troy grains. 1 drachm 21.34375 16 = 1 ounce 437.5 256= 16= 1 pound 7000. 3584 = 224 == 14 = 1 stone 98000. 28672 = 1792 = 112 = 8=1 hundred weight 784000. 473440 = 35840 = 2240 = 160 = 20 = 1 ton 15680000. In weighing many articles, what is called the short ton, or 2000 pounds, is employed. Troy Weight Is used in the sale of gold, silver, platina, and precious stones. 1 grain 24 = 1 pennyweight 480 = 20 = i ounce 5760 = 240 = 12 = 1 pound. The following are the relative proportions between the troy and the avoirdupois : — One pound troy is equivalent to 0.822857 pound avoirdupois, or 13 ounces, 2 drachms, 1 scruple, 8.7 grains. [13 ounces, 72.5 grains.] One ounce troy is equivalent to 1 ounce, 1 drachm, 1 scruple, 6.225 grains avoirdupois. 2 ( It ) 18 INTRODUCTION". One pound avoirdupois is equivalent to 1.215277 pound troy, or 1 pound, 2 ounces, 4 drachms, and 2 scruples. One ounce avoirdupois is equivalent to 7 drachms, 17.5 grains troy. 144 pounds avoirdupois are equivalent to 175 pounds troy. 175 ounces troy are equivalent to 192 ounces avoirdupois. The following table of equivalents in troy and avoirdupois weight, de- rived from Redwood's edition of Gray's Supplement to the Pharmacopoeia, will be found useful in making these calculations. EQUIVALENTS IN TROY AND AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. Troy grains. Troy. Avoirdupois. lbs. oz. drs. grs. lbs. oz. grs. 60 1 60 120 2 120 240 4 240 437.5 7 17.5 1 480 1 1 42.5 875 1 6 35 2 960 2 2 85 1312.5 2 5 52.5 3 1440 3 3 127.5 1750 3 5 10 4 1920 4 4 170 2187.5 4 4 27.5 5 2400 5 5 212.5 2625.0 5 3 45 6 2880 6 6 255 3062.5 6 3 2.5 7 3360 7 7 297.5 3500 7 2 20 8 3840 8 8 340 3937.5 8 1 37.5 9 4320 9 9 382.5 4375 9 55 10 4800 10 10 425 4812.5 10 12.5 11 5250 10 7 30 12 5280 11 12 30 5687.5 11 6 47.5 13 5760 13 72.5 6125 6 5 14 6562.5 1 5 22.5 15 7000 2 4 40 7680 4 1 242.5 9600 8 5 422.5 10500 9 7 8 11520 2 10 145 14000 2 5 1 20 2 17280 3 2 7 217.5 21000 3 7 6 3 23040 4 3 4 290 28000 4 10 2 40 4 28800 5 4 1 362.5 INTRODUCTION 19 Troy. Avoirdupois. Troy grains. lbs. oz. drs. grs. lbs. oz. grs. 34560 6 4 14 435 35000 6 7 20 5 40320 7 5 12 70 42000 7 3 4 6 46080 8 6 9 142.5 49000 8 6 40 7 51840 9 7 6 215 56000 9 8 5 20 8 57600 10 8 3 287.5 63000 10 11 2 9 63360 11 9 360 69120 12 9 13 432.5 70000 12 1 6 40 10 74880 13 10 11 67.5 77000 13 4 3 20 11 80640 14 11 8 140 84000 14 7 12 86400 15 12 5 212.5 91000 15 9 4 40 13 92160 16 13 2 285 97920 17 13 15 357.5 98000 17 1 20 14 103680 18 14 12 430 105000 18 2 6 15 109440 19 15 10 65 112000 19 5 2 40 16 115200 20 16 7 137.5 119000 20 7 7 20 17 120960 21 17 4 210 126000 21 10 4 18 126720 22 18 1 282.5 132480 23 18 14 355 133000 23. 1 40 19 138240 24 19 11 427.5 140000 24 3 5 20 20 144000 25 20 9 62.5 147000 25 6 2 21 149760 26 21 6 135 154000 26 8 6 40 22 155520 27 22 3 207.5 161000 27 11 3 20 23 161280 28 23 280 167040 29 23 13 352.5 168000 29 2 24 172800 30 24 10 425 175000 30 4 4 40 25 178560 31 25 8 59 182000 31 7 1 20 26 184320 32 26 5 131.5 189000 32 9 6 27 190080 33 27 2 204 195840 34 27 15 276.5 20 INTRODUCTION Troy. Avoirdupois. Troy grains. „. .... lbs. oz. drs. grs. lbs. oz. grB. 196000 34 2 40 28 201600 35 28 12 149 203000 35 2 7 20 29 207360 36 29 9 421.5 210000 36 5 4 30 230400 40 32 14 275 280000 48 7 2 40 40 288000 50 41 2 125 345600 60 49 5 412.5 350000 60 9 1 20 50 403200 70 57 9 262.5 420000 72 11 60 460800 80 65 13 113 490000 85 6 40 70 518400 90 74 400.5 560000 97 2 5 20 80 576000 100 82 4 250.5 630000 109 4 4 90 645120 112 92 2 245 700000 121 6 2 40 100 784000 136 1 2 40 112 When applied to the compounding or dispensing of medicines, this standard of weight is known as Apothecaries' weight, and differs from the last in the subdivision of the ounce, viz. : — Apothecaries' Weight. 1 grain 20 = 1 scruple 60 = 3=1 drachm 480 = 24 = 8 = 1 ounce 5760 = 288 = 96 = 12 = 1 pound. To designate these divisions, the following marks are generally used in pre- scriptions ; a grain, gr. ; a scruple, 9 ; a drachm, 5 ; an ounce, 3 ; a pound, lb. Since the edition of 1860 the United States Pharmacopoeia designates all weights in troyounces and grains ; this was deemed necessary on account of the greater simplicity of this method, and in order to avoid confusion when comparing the preparations of this authority with the various pharmacopoeias at that time in use in Great Britain, as will he seen from the following table of the Dublin Weights, Adopted by the Dublin College in the edition of their Pharmacopoeia for 1850: — 1 grain 18.22= 1 scruple 54.68 =3=1 drachm 437.5 = 24 = 8=1 ounce 7000. = 384 = 128 = 16 = 1 pound. In 1804 the first British Pharmacopoeia was published under the direction of the " General Council of Medical Education and Registration of the United INTRODUCTION. 21 Kingdom ;" this, and the later edition of 1867, superseded the pharmacopoeias of the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Colleges, by virtue of parliamentary enactments of 1858 and subsequently, establishing the complete uniformity of medicinal weights throughout Great Britain. They are as follows: — 1 grain 431. 5 = 1 ounce 7000. = 16 = 1 pound. Physicians in the United States and in Great Britain continue to use the symbols 9 and 5, which, in both countries, represent, the former 20, and the latter 60 grains. Foreign Weights. France. — Anterior to the French Revolution of 1789, the scale of weight used was the poids de marc, the unit of which was the pound of Charlemagne, which was equivalent to 7561 troy grains, and was divided as follows: — Poids de Marc Troy grains. Grammes. 1 grain = 0.8203 = 3.0531 24= 1 denier = 19.687 == 1.274 72= 3= lgros = 59.070= 3.824 576= 24= 8= 1 once = 472.545 = 30.594 4608 = 192= 64= 8 = 1 marc =3780.500 =244.753 6912 = 288= 96 = 12 = 1 livre medicinal =5670.750 =367.129 9216 = 384 = 128 = 16 = 1 livre marchand or poid demarc =7561.000 =489.505 When the decimal system was introduced by the National Assembly, a new series of measures was adopted, termed the metrical, in which the metre, or the ten-millionth part of a quarter of the meridian of the earth, is taken as the unit ; this is divided into ten parts, each of which is called a decimetre, which in turn is divided into ten centimetres. A cubic decimetre is assumed as the unit of measures of capacity, and termed a litre. The unit of weight is called a gramme, and is a cubic centimetre of distilled water at 39.5 Fahr. Metrical Weight. Troy grains. 1 milligramme = .01 5434 10 = 1 centigramme = .15434 100 = 10 = 1 decigramme = 1.5434 1000= 100= 10= 1 gramme = 15.434 10000= 1000= 100= 10= 1 decagramme = 154.34 100000= 10000= 1000= 100= 10= 1 hectogramme = 1543.4 1000000 = 100000 = 10000 = 1000 = 100 = 10 = 1 kilogram. =15434. This system of weights, although adopted by the scientific men of France, was not favorably received by the people generally, who obstinately adhered to the old system of the poids de marc ; and, although many stringent laws were passed, from time to time, to render the metrical system obligatory, the government in 1812 was forced to make an attempt to amalgamate the two systems, by altering the livre, and making it equal to half a kilogramme, assuming this as the unit, and calculating the other divisions from it, accord- ing to the old nomenclature. The following table shows the equivalent of the two scales and of avoirdupois : — 22 INTRODUCTION". French Weights op 1812. French weights Metrical weight, English avoirdupois, of 1812. grammes. lb. oz. dr. grains. 1 iivre =500 =1 1 10 6.06 J " = 250 = 8 13 3.03 \ " = 125 = 4 6 15.19 2 once = 62.5 = 2 3 7.60 1 " = 31.25 = 1 1 17.47 \ " = 15.625 = 8 22.40 2gros = 7.812 = 4 11.20 1 " = 3.906 = 2 5.60 J " = 1.9531 == 1 2.80 1 grain = 0.0542 = 0.837 The adoption of this system was not made obligatory upon the pharma- ciens by law until the year 1827; and indeed it appears never to have been generally adopted, the greatest confusion having prevailed with regard to the weights and measures used in the preparation of medicine, as well as in com- merce generally, up to the year 1840. In July, 1837, a law was passed which definitely abolished the use of all other weights and measures, excepting those of the metrical or decimal system, from and after August, 1840. The Metrical Weight, therefore, is now the only one permitted to be used throughout France. The exact proportion of troy weight to the metrical standard has never been fully and exactly ascertained. In the table previously given, the kilo- gramme has been considered as equivalent to 15434 grains troy, which is the usual estimate of it. Francoeur, however, estimates the pound troy as equal to 392.9986 grammes; Matthieu, Legendre, and Duborg, as equal to 373.0956 grammes; Chelius and Houschild to 373.243 grammes. But the most cor- rect estimation appears to be that of Lochman, who considers 9216 grains poid de marc as equivalent to 7555 grains troy ; the pound troy as equal to 7026.320 grains marc and the kilogramme as equal to 15434 grains troy. 1 The subjoined tables are calculated on this estimation: — Value op Troy Weight in Metrical Weight. One pound = 373.202 grammes. One ounce = 31.10017 " One drachm = 3.887521 " One scruple == 1.295840 " One grain =■ 0.06479201 " Value of Troy Weight in Marc Weight. One pound = 12 ounces, 1 gros, 42.32 grains. One ounce = 1 once 9.53 " One drachm = 1 " 1.19 " One scruple = 24.40 " One grain = 1.22 " The other European states used to differ greatly in their medicinal weights, both from the troy standard and among themselves ; this difference, how- ever, is rapidly disappearing, partly in consequence of the consolidation of the small European principalities into larger states, like Italy and Germany, 1 By examination .it the English mint the gramme is determined to be 15.434 troy grains. Tin- Bureau of Hydrography in Washington has more recently determined it to 1>< L6.4322, which makes twelve troy ounces =s= 373.246 grammes. Tn the above and the subsequent tahles we follow the U. S. Pharmacopeia, which gives the value as ascer- tains! by the English weighings The British Pharmacopoeia gives the weight of 1 gramme — 15.432 grains, aud oi' 1 kilogramme = 15432.348 grains. INTKODUCTION. 23 but chiefly because the Freuch metrical weight has been adopted or its adoption is contemplated in nearly all the states of continental Europe. Besides in France, it is in use, by virtue of legal enactments, in Belgium, Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Switzerland, and its employment is per- mitted in the adjoining states. The following synopsis and table will be sufficient to show the variations as they existed about the year 1860 ; aside from their historical interest, they will serve the important purpose of aiding in readily converting the weights of old formulas into troy weights. 1 . The medicinal pound, except in Dublin and Turkey, and by the old poids de marc, was in all of them divided into 12 ounces. 2. In all of them the ounce was divided into 8 drachms, except in Naples, where it contained 10. 3. In all, the drachm was divided into 3 scruples. 4. But the value of the scruple differed. It was composed of 24 grains at Bologna, Coni, Lucca, Modena, Parma, Rome, and in Spain, France, Por- tugal, Tuscany, and Sardinia ; Of 20 grains in Great Britain (excepting Dublin, where it was 18.22 grains), the United States, Austria, Bavaria, Holland, Poland, Prussia, and Sweden ; at Lubeck, Naples, Nuremberg, and Yenice ; 5. Consequently the pound consisted of 5160 grains in the United States, Great Britain, Austria, Bavaria, Hol- land, Poland, Prussia, and Sweden; at Lubeck, Nuremberg, and Yenice; 6400 grains in Turkey ; 6912 grains in Spain, Portugal, Tuscany, Sardinia, Bologna, Lucca, Mo- dena, Parma, Rome, and Coni ; 7000 grains in Dublin; 7200 grains at Naples ; 9216 grains in France by the poids de marc. The subjoined table shows the differential values between the troy weight and the medicinal weights of the countries of Europe, calculated in grains : — COUNTRIES, Etc. Austria 1 Bavaria 2 . . . . Bologna. . . . Coni Corte Holland 3 . . . Lubeck Lucca Modena Monticelli 4 . . Naples 5 Nuremberg 6 . Value of the pound, 5760 grains. 5118.09 5971.23 7920.93 8392.40 1807.42 5732.38 5823.60 7711.73 7576.80 8334.64 8377.11 6007.22 Value of the Value of the ounce, drachm, 480 grains. 60 grains. 426.51 53.31 497.60 62.20 660.08 82.51 699.37 87.42 650.62 81.33 477.70 59.71 485.30 60.66 642.64 80.33 631.40 78.92 694.55 86.82 698.09 87.26 500.60 62.58 Value of the scruple, 20 grains. 17.77 20.73 27.50 29.14 27.11 19.90 20.22 26.78 26.31 28.94 29.09 20.86 Value of the grain. 0.89 1.04 1.38 1.46 1.36 1.00 1.01 1.34 1.32 1.45 1.46 .1.04 1 This weight was used in Austria Proper, Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary, Transylvania, Tyrol, and the Lombardo- Venetian kingdom, with the exception of the city of Venice. 3 This weight has been adopted in Greece. 3 This weight was also used in Belgium. * Monticelli, Castelvetro, and Polesine. 5 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. 6 After the incorporation of Nuremberg in the kingdom of Bavaria, the Bavarian standard was used in that city. But the Nuremberg weight was still extensively used in Germany, and is yet employed in other countries. In Germany, we found it in the 24 INTKODUCTION. Value of the Value of the Value of the Value of the Value of the COUNTRIES, Etc. pound, ounce, drachm, scruple, grain. 6760 grains. 480 grains. 60 grains. 20 grains. Parma 1 7864.55 655.38 81.92 27.31 1.37 Piacenza 2 8124.20 677.02 84.63 28.21 1.41 Poland 5996.04 499.67 62.46 20.82 1.04 Portugal 7494.62 624.55 78.07 26.02 1.30 Prussia 3 6128.12 510.68 63.83 21.28 1.06 Rome 7607.72 633.98 79.25 26.42 1.32 Spain 7475.46 622.96 77.87 25.96 1.30 Sweden 6034.48 502.87 62.86 20.95 1.05 Turin 7770.71 647.56 80.94 26.98 1.35 Turkey 7436.78 619.73 77.47 25.82 1.29 Tuscany 7597.21 633.10 79.14 26.38 1.32 Venice 7136.23 594.69 74.34 24.78 1.24 duchies of Saxe-Altenburg and of Anhalt Bernburg ; grand duchy of Baden ; city of Bremen ; duchies of Brunswick, Saxe Meiningen, and Saxe Coburg Gotha ; cities of Frankfort-on-the-Maine and Hamburg ; kingdom of Hanover ; electorate of Hesse, grand duchy of Hesse, landgraviate of Hesse Homburg ; principality of Hohenzollern Sigmaringen ; duchy of Nassau ; grand duchy of Oldenburg ; principalities of Reuss- Plaueu and Reuss-Schleitz, of Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt, and Schwartzburg-Sonder- hausen ; duchy of Sleswick-Holstein ; principality of Waldeck ; grand ducby of Saxe- Weimar ; and kingdom of Wirtemberg. Tbe Nuremberg standard was also adopted in Denmark, Norway, Finland, Russia, and Switzerland. 1 Parma, Borgo San-Dannino, Pellegrino, San-Secondo, Fontanellato, and Bussetto. 3 Piacenza, Fiorenzola, and Carpaneta. 3 This standard had been adopted in the kingdom of Saxony, the principalities of Lippe-Detmold and Lippe-Schaumburg, and the duchy of Anhalt-Dessau. It differs so little from those of Anhalt-Coethen and the grand duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz that the former standard of these three territories may be con- sidered identical with that of Prussia. This table needs hardly any explanation : it will enable the pharmaceutist — in all cases of foreign formulae — to calculate the foreign weight in troy weight ; thus, e. g., one grain troy being equal to 0.89 grain of Austria, the value of one grain Austrian weight in troy weight may be readily ascertained by a simple rule-of-three example : — 0.89 : 1 : : 1 1 X 1 = X 1 = 0.100 0.89)0.100(1.1235 89 110 89 210 178 320 267 530 445 65 INTRODUCTION. 25 The value of these various pounds in grammes is thus calculated by Jour- dain : — The pound of 5760 grains. Venice = Prussia == Sweden = Nuremberg = Poland = Bavaria = Lubeck = United States and Great") Britain j Holland = Austria = The pound of 6400 grains. Turkey = The pound of 6912 grains. Coni = Monticelli = Grammes. 301.230 = 350.761 = 356.227 = 357.843 = 358.510 = 360.000 = 369.126 = 373.202 = 375.000 = 420.009 321.317 307.370 307.370 Piacenza = Bologna = Soragna = Parma = Corte = Turin = Lucca = Rome == Tuscany == Modena = Portugal == Spain = The pound of 7200 grains. Naples The pound of 9216 grains. France Grammes. 317.577 325.665 325.800 328.000 330.400 331.961 334.500 339.073 339.542 340.457 344.190 345.072 == 320.230 = 489.503 The following tables are taken, slightly modified, from the United States Pharmacopoeia ; they will be found useful for converting the apothecaries' and metrical weights one into the other. Relation of Weights op the U. S. Pharmacopoeia to Metrical Weights. Grain. Milligrammes. Grains. Grammes. Apothecaries' w't. Grammes. & = 1.012 i = 0.0648 5i = 3.887 l 1.079 ij = 0.1295 M = 7.775 1 5T» 1.295 i\J = 0.1943 3Mj = 11.663 1 ?"5 1.349 IV = 0.2591 3iv s= 15.550 1 1.619 v = 0.3239 5v = 19.438 *p 1.799 vi = 0.3887 3vi sss 23.325 1 "3T 2.025 vij = 0.4535 3vij == 27.213 & = 2.159 vnj = 0.5183 li = 31.100 1 2T — 2.591 rx = 0.5831 fflj = 62.200 l 2.699 X = 0.6479 liij = 93.300 3\F = 3.239 XI] = 0.7775 ^iv -. — 124.401 7^ == 4.049 XV =s 0.9718 gv = 155.501 1 T5 4.319 XVI = 1.036 Svi = 186.601 T 1^ 5.399 xviij = 1.166 Ivij = 217.701 1 6.479 XX = 1.295 Iviij = 248.801 1 . 1 = 8.098 , XXIV = 1.555 Jix = 279.902 10.798 XXV = 1.619 gx == 311.002 1 - j; — 12.958 XXX = 1.943 Sxi 342.102 i = 16.197 xl = 2.591 tbi = 373.202 1 — 1 = 2 21.597 1 = 3.239 ft>ij 746.404 32.395 lx = 3.887 rfeiij = 1119.606 26 INTRODUCTION - . Relation of Metrical Weights to Weights of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. Exact Approximate Exact Approximate Grammes. equivalent in equivalent Grammes. equivalent in equivalent in grains. in grains. grains. troy weight. 0.001 .0154 i ¥5" 1 15.434 gr. xv 0.002 .0308 l 32 2 30.868 5ss 0.003 .0463 1 22 3 46.302 99 0.004 .0617 IS" 4 61.736 3i 0.005 .0771 I 1 * 5 77.170 9iv 0.00G .0926 l\ 6 92.604 5iss 0.007 .1080 i gvij 0.7 10.803 11 700 10803.816 ibi ^x 3iv 0.8 12.347 12J 800 12347.218 ftij §i 3 V 0.9 13.890 14 900 13890.620 ftij 3v 1000 15434.023 ft>ij ifviij Liquid Measures of the United States and Great Britain. The liquid measures employed by the apothecaries in the United States are the wine gallon and its subdivisions. Wine or Apothecaries' Measure. (Adopted in the United States Pharmacopoeia.) Cubic inches. Grains troy. 1 minim, v^ 0.95 60 = 1 fluidrachm, f . 3 — 0.2256 = 56.96 480= 8= lfluidouuce, f. g = 1.8047= 455.69 7680= 128= 16 = 1 pint, O = 28.875 = 7291.ll 61440 = 1 024 = 128 = 8 =1 gallon, Cong. = 231. = 58328.88 For a long time, the Royal Colleges of Physicians in England, Scotland, and [reland declined to recognize the use of measures in preparing and dis- pensing medicines, on the ground that the varying densities of different fluids rendered it difficult to use one common measure for all without risk of serious errors. But as druggists and medical practitioners constantly employed measures, in defiance of the prohibition, and as the practice, besides being attended with great and obvious convenience, was found to be less fraught with danger than had been conceived, the London College in the first instance, and subsequently the other colleges also, recognized a system of measures of INTRODUCTION. 27 their own, founded on the standard measures of the country. The same standard has been adopted by the British Pharmacopoeia ; its basis is the imperial pint of 1826, which is divided into twenty parts, called fluidounces ; each of which corresponds exactly with an avoirdupois ounce of distilled water at 62° F. and 30° bar., and therefore contains 437.5 grains troy. The fluidounce is subdivided into eight parts of 54.6875 grains, termed flui- drachms ; and each of these consists of sixty parts, called minims, which therefore amount each in weight to 0.91146 troy grain of distilled water. Imperial Measure. (Adopted by the British Pharmacopoeia.) Grains troy. Avoirdupois. 1 minim = 0.91 60 = 1 fluidrachm = 54.7 480 = 8 " 1 fluidounce = 437.5 = 1 oz. 9600 = 160 " = 20 " = 1 pint = 8750. = 1.25 lb. 76800 = 1280 " = 160 " = 8 " = 1 gallon = 70000. = 10 lbs. Yalue op Wine or Apothecaries' Measure in Imperial Measure. "Wine Measure. Imperial Measure. Pints. Fluidounces. Fluidrachms. Minims. 1 gallon = 6 13 2 23 1 pint = 16 5 18 1 fluidounce = 1 . : 20 1 fluidrachm = 1 2.5 1 minim = 1.04 Value of Imperial Measures in Wine or Apothecaries' Measure. Gallon. Pints. Fluidounces. Fluidrachms. Minims. 1 gallon 1 1 9 ..5 8 1 pint 1 3 1 38 1 fluidounce 7 41 1 fluidrachm 58 1 minim » 0.9 None of the pharmacopoeias of continental Europe permit the use of measures either in making preparations or in compounding prescriptions ; those which have been recently issued give, like the French Codex, all quantities in parts, which invariably means parts by weight. This has been adhered to in this Formulary in all cases where these parts by weight could not conveniently be converted into weights and measures of the U. S. Phar- macopoeia. The emplo} T ment of weights to the entire exclusion of measures has, particularly in making chemical and pharmaceutical preparations, so many advantages over the use of measures, and is so much more accurate, that those who have become accustomed to their use will not abandon them in favor of the latter whenever the nature of the preparation or the officinal directions will permit. In France, where the relation between weight and measure is so very close (see page 21), water may be measured, if at or near the temperature of 40° F. Besides these regular and authorized measures, there are others constantly used in the preparation and administration of medicines, which require notice. These, which have been adopted for convenience, are far from being uniform, but may be used without danger for ordinary purposes. Drs. Wood and Bache estimate the Teacup as containing about four fluidounces. Wineglass " ki two fluidounces. Tablespoon " " a half a fluidounce. Teaspoon " M a fluidrachm. 28 INTRODUCTION. Dr. Christison gives a somewhat different calculation ; he considers a Tumbler to contain eight fluidounces. Breakfast cup " " " Teacup " five fluidounces. Wineglass u two fluidounces. Tablespoon " half a fluidounce. Dessertspoon " two fluidrachms. Teaspoon " one fluidrachm. In both these estimates, the teaspoon is rated too low ; they apply very well to the teaspoon formerly used, but not to the much larger kind now in general use, which approaches the dessertspoon in capacity. Quart and pint bottles are also sometimes employed as measures of capacity for medical purposes ; but they are very fallacious guides of quantity, as the so-called quart wine bottle never holds a quart, nor the misnamed pint wine bottle a pint. The first seldom holds more than twenty-six to twenty-seven fluid- ounces, and the latter from thirteen to fourteen. It is still more common to estimate small quantities or doses of medicine by drops, as representing, and equivalent to, minims. This is so convenient, that it is not likely to be abandoned, though nothing can be more erroneous, as the size of the drop of the same fluid varies much with the form of the mouth of the bottle, its size, the mode in which the operation is performed, the temperature, and still more from the nature of the fluid thus attempted to be measured. Numerous experiments have been made on the subject, but can only be considered as approximate estimates, though sufficiently accu- rate for practical purposes. Mr. Alsop, of London, some years since, published the result of some experiments made by him, which show the great variation to which this mode of measuring is liable. The following proves that the number of drops required to measure a fluidrachm are widely different when dropped from a large or a small bottle. One fluidrachm. Large bottle. Small bottle. Diluted sulphuric acid 24 drops. 84 drops. Scheele's hydrocyanic acid 35 " *T0 " Distilled water 31 " 54 " Solution of ammonia 40 " 48 " Tincture of opium 84 " 135 " Rectified spirit 100 " 130 " Tincture of chloride of iron 100 " 150 " Mr. Durand, of Philadelphia, in an able paper on the subject (Journal Phila. Col. of Pharm., vol. i. p. 165), says, "The bulk of drops depends not only on the density of the liquids which furnish them, and the cohesion of the constituent particles of that liquid, but also on the shape of the mouth of the vessel from which they are poured. An open vessel with a beak, such as the common graduated measure, affords a larger drop than a bottle with the stopper half drawn out ; a mode commonly practised. That furnished by the dropping-tube is still smaller, and is ever liable to vary with the greater or lesser diameter of its extremity. Besides, in every instance, the first drops poured from any vessel are always smaller than those subse- quently obtained." He goes on to say that the following may be considered as established : — 1. That liquids which contain a small proportion of water afford a small drop; while, on the contrary, liquids containing a large quantity of water furnish a large drop. For instance, concentrated acids, ethers, rectified alcohol, fixed and essential oils, etc., which contain a very small proportion of water, yield a smaller drop than diluted acids, weak alcohol, wine, etc. INTRODUCTION. 29 2. That, among liquids containing a large proportion of water, those which are not charged with remedial substances give a larger and heavier drop than those same liquids containing extraneous bodies in solution. Thus, weak alcohol, wine, vinegar, and water furnish a larger and heavier drop than the tinctures prepared from them. The following: table illustrates his remarks : — TABLE Showing the Difference between Minims, Drops, and Grains of various Medicinal Liquid Preparations of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, etc. PREPARATIONS. m oj o.5 si °1 m o c •a as 05 o2 fc-S &a fc.5 fcS Sulphuric acid 30 13.3 25 16 Sulphuric ether 50 46 28 8 8.6 14.2 60 57 22.2 6 Rectified alcohol 7.1 Nitric acid 18 Acetic acid (crystallizable) 40 10 40 10 Muriatic acid 18 40 22.2 10 18.1 50 22 Oil of wormseed (chenopod. anthelmintic um) 8 of peppermint, anise, sweet almond, olive, palma christi 40 40 40 40 10 10 10 10 43.5 36 32 40 9 of cloves 11 of cinnamon 12.5 Copaiba 10 Diluted alcohol 40 10 42 9.5 Tincture of iodide of potassium, canthari- des, kino, digitalis, assafetida, sul- phuric acid, colchicum, opium, vale- rian, guaiacum 40 10 43 9.3 of valerian, guaiacum (volatile) 40 10 50 8 of chloride of iron 44 26 9.1 15.3 50 25 8 Wine, Teneriffe 16 antimonial 24 16.6 26 15.3 of opium (Sj'denham's laudanum) . . . 26 15.3 29 13.7 of colchicum root and seeds 25 16 29 13.7 Yinegar, distilled 19 21 20 20 of opium (black drop)} of colchicum v 26 15.3 25 16 of squill ) Water, distilled 15 15 26.6 26.6 17.5 17.5 24.5 solution of hydrocyanic acid 24.5 sulphuric acid (1 to 7) 17 23.5 17 23.5 nitric " " 17 23.5 17 23.5 ammonia (strong) 18 22.2 18.5 22 " (weak) 15 26.6 20 20 iodide of potassium 18 22.2 20 20 arsenite of potassium .... 19 21 20 20 The only mode to obviate these discrepancies is for the physician to order the administration of small quantities of fluid medicines in minims, and not 30 INTRODUCTION. in drops, which would induce the use of a minim measure in every sick room. French Measures of Capacity — Apothecaries' Measure. 1 millilitre or cubic centimetre = 16.2318 minims. 10= 1 centilitre = 2.7053 fl. dr. 100= 10= 1 decilitre = 3.3816 fl. ounces. 1000= 100= 10= 1 litre = 2.1135 pints. 10000= 1000= 100= 10= 1 decalitre = 2.6419 gallons. 100000= 10000= 1000= 100= 10= 1 hectolitre. = 26.4190 " 1000000=100000=10000=1000=100 = 10=1 kilolitre =264.1900 " Litres. Eng. cubic inches. Imperial pints. Wine pints. Troy ounces of water. 1 = 61.028 = 1.7608 = 2.1135 = 32.104 2 = 122.056 = 3.5216 = 4.22.70 = 64.208 3 = 183.084 = 5.2822 = 6.3405 = 96.312 4 = 244.112 = 7.0430 = 8.4541 = 128.416 5 = 305.140 = $.8038 = 10.5676 = 160.520 6 = 366.168 = 10.5646 = 12.6811 = 192.624 7 = 427.196 = 12.3253 = 14.7947 = 224.728 8 = 488.224 = 14.0861 = 16.9082 = 256.832 9 = 549.252 = 15.8469 = 19.0217 = 288.936 The former measure in use before the introduction of the metrical system was the pint, and its subdivisions ; and it still continues to be employed in some parts. It agrees with the metrical measure as follows : — 1 demi-poisson = 62.50 grammes = litre decilitre 6.25 centilitre. 1 poisson =125 = " 1 " 2.5 " 1 demi-setier =250 = " 2 " 5 " 1 chopine =500 = " 5 " " 1 pinte = 1000 = 1 " " " The subjoined is a list of the principal liquid measures 1 of Europe, with their corresponding value in the metrical measure of France : — Austria. — The fundamental unity is the mass or kanne — - 71.3343 Par. cubic inches, or 1.415015 litre. The mass is divided into 3 seidel, and 40 mass make one eimer. Baden. — The fundamental unity is the mass = 1.5 decimetre cubic, and accordingly equivalent to 1.5 litre. Bavaria. — The fundamental unity is the mass = 43 decimal cubic inches of Bavaria, or 1.06921728 litre. The mass is divided into 4 shoppen. Denmark. — The fundamental unity is the pott (^\d part of a cubic foot Danish), equivalent to 0.96529 litre. The pott is divided into four pegel, and two potts make a kanne. Grand Duchy of Hesse. — The fundamental unity is the mass, which corresponds exactly to 2 litres. The mass is divided into 4 schoppen. Naples. — The unity is the barile, equivalent to 43.6216 litres. Portugal. — The unity is the almude, equivalent to 16.451 litres. Prussia. — The unity is the quart. This measure has a capacity of 64 cubic inches of distilled water, at 61.25° Fahr. and 27° 10' barom., = 57.724 cubic inches of Paris, or 1.145 litre. 3 ROME. — The unity is the barile, equivalent to 58.3416 litres. RUSSIA.— The unity is the wedro, which contains 750 cubic inches of dis- 1 These measures are not employed for pharmaceutical purposes, though they are occasionally made use of in prescriptions, however, merely in the same manner as ap- proximate measures. s Fm Prussia and the other German States the French litre is at present the unit of the measure of capacity. INTRODUCTION. 31 tilled water, at 50° Fahr. and 30° barom., = 30 pounds Russian. The wedro is equivalent to 12.28963041 litres, and one litre is accordingly equivalent to 0.081369410776019 wedro. The wedro is divided into 10 stof, and the stof into 10 tschark. Spain. — The unity is the arroba, equivalent to 16.073 litres. Sweden. — The fundamental unity is the kanna, which contains 100 cubic decimal inches of pure water at 62° Fahr., in vacuo, equivalent to 6.151951 pounds Swedish. One pound Swedish of pure water at 62° Fahr., in vacuo, is equal to 0.4250104 litre ; the kanna is consequently equivalent to 2.6146431552904 litres, or, calculated upon the maximum density of water, 2.617341607126 litres, or, in shorter terms, 2.62 litres. The kanna is divided into 2 stop, the stop into 4 quarter, and the quarter into 4 jungfrur. Turin. — The unity is the brenta, divided into 36 pints, and equivalent to 49.28468 litres. Tuscany. — The unity is the barile, equivalent to 45.584 litres. Wirtemberg. — The unity is the mass, which contains 78.125 cubic inches (Wirtemberg measure), and is equivalent to 1.83705 litre. The mass is di- vided into four schoppen. SPECIFIC GRAVITY. The following remarks on Specific Gravity have been taken from Red- wood's edition to Gray's Supplement, and comprise in a condensed form much useful information. The determination of the specific gravity of a body consists in estimating the weight of a given volume of it, as compared with an equal volume of some other body. The bodies usually taken as the standard of comparison are pure water for solids and liquids, and atmospheric air for gases. The specific gravity of a solid is determined first by weighing it in the ordinary manner with an accurate balance suspended in the air; then attach- ing a horse-hair, or fine silken thread to the solid body, immersing it in pure distilled water, and weighing it while thus immersed. The weight of the body in air, divided by the difference between its weight in air and its weight in water, will be its specific gravity. Thus a piece of lead is found to weigh 398 grains in air. When immersed in water, its weight is 362.4 grains ; and the difference between these two weights, namely, 35.6, is the weight of the volume of water displaced by the lead, or of a volume of water equal to that of the lead. The volume of water being taken as unity, the specific gravity of the lead is found by the following rule-of-three sum : — 35.6 : 1 : : 398 : 11.176, the specific gravity of the lead. In taking the specific gravity of a solid substance lighter than water, some modification of the process is required ; but we have, nevertheless, the same preliminary points to determine — first, the weight of the substance in air ; and secondly, the weight of an equal volume of water. This may be illus- trated by taking the specific gravity of a piece of wax. The weight of the wax in air is 105.4 grains. On immersing the wax in water, two pressures are exerted — a pressure downwards, equal to the gravity or weight of the wax, and a pressure upwards, equal to the weight of the volume of water displaced by the wax ; but the specific gravity of water being greater than that of wax, the upward pressure preponderates, and the wax rises to the surface. Thus, we find that a volume of water equal to that of the wax weighs as much as the wax, and something more. We must ascertain how much more ; and this is done in the following manner : Some body heavier than water, and the weight of which in water is known, is attached to the wax, and the two bodies are weighed in water together. A piece of lead may be used for this purpose. The lead, alone, weighs 378 grains in water; with 32 INTRODUCTION. the wax attached to it, the weight in water is 372.4 grains, making a differ- ence of 5.6 grains ; and this 5.6 grains is equal to the excess of the upward over the downward pressure on the wax, when immersed in water. Thus, a volume of water equal to that of the wax weighs 5.6 grains more than the wax, or 105.4 -f 5.6 = 111 grains. Then, 111 : 1 : : 105.4 : 0.949, the specific gravity of the wax. It sometimes happens that the solid substance, the specific gravity of which is to be determined, is in powder, or in several small particles. In such cases, it is found convenient to proceed as in the following method of taking the specific gravity of calomel : — 100 grains of calomel are introduced into a specific gravity bottle, which holds 1000 grains of distilled water ; the bottle is filled up with water, and the weight of the contents is found to be 1083.7 grains ; deducting the weight of the calomel (100 grains) from this, the remainder (983.7 grains) will be the weight of the water in the bottle, and the difference (16.3 grains) between this and 1000 grains, the weight of the whole contents of the bottle when filled with distilled water, is the weight of a volume of water equal to the volume of the calomel. Then, 16.3 : 1 : : 100 : 6.03, the specific gravity of the calomel. In taking the specific gravity of substances soluble in water, other modifi- cations of the process are required. Sometimes the substance may be covered with a thin coating of varnish, so as to protect it from the action of the water. This method answers very well for blue pill, which may be brushed over with a strong tincture of mastic, and then proceeded with as in the case of the lead. In other instances, however, it is necessary to pursue a different course. Thus, any powder that is soluble in water must have its specific gravity taken, in the first instance, with reference to some liquid in which it is not soluble. Spirit of wine, oil of turpentine, or olive oil, may be used in such cases. The process may be illustrated by describing the method of taking the specific gravity of guano in oil of turpentine. In the first place, the specific gravity of the oil of turpentine is ascertained to be 0.874. Then 100 grains of guano are introduced into a specific gravity bottle, as in the case of the calomel ; and the bottle being filled up with oil of turpentine, the weight of the contents is found to be 922.7 grains, from which deducting 100 grains, the remainder (822.7 grains) will represent the oil not displaced by the guano ; and this, deducted from 874 grains, the quan- tity of oil the bottle is capable of holding, leaves 51.3 grains as the weight of a volume of oil of turpentine equal to that of the guano. Now, 874 : 51.3 : : 1000 : 58.7, the weight of a volume of water equal to that of the guano. Then, 58.7 : 1 : : 100 : 1.7, the specific gravity of the guano. The methods by which the specific gravities of liquids are usually deter- mined may be divided into two classes : — 1st. Those which consist in filling any suitable vessel with the liquid to be estimated, ascertaining the weight of the contents, and dividing this by the weight of the same volume of water. 2d. Those which consist in displacing a portion of the liquid by some solid body floating in it, and estimating the specific gravity according to the weight and volume of the substance immersed, as compared with its immersion in water. In the first case, the instruments employed are a specific gravity bottle and an ordinary balance. In the second ease, the instruments used may be comprehended under the general terms of hydrometers or aerometers. These, however, are distin- guished from each other (for there are many varieties of them) b} r different aames, according to the particular purpose for which they are respectively intended, or from some peculiarity in their construction. INTRODUCTION. 33 The specific gravity bottle affords the most accurate means of determining the comparative densities of liquids. It consists, usually, of a globular bot- tle with a flat bottom and a slender neck, which holds exactly 1000 grains of distilled water at a certain fixed temperature. It is very easy at any time to test the accuracy of one of these bottles by a single experiment ; and, having ascertained that the bottle is correctly adjusted with regard to distilled water, the indications afforded with any other liquid will be equally trustworthy. The weight in grains of the quantity of any liquid filling such bottle will in- dicate its specific gravity. Hydrometers, or aerometers, are floating instruments, and their application for the purpose of determining the specific gravities of liquids depends upon the fact, that a body immersed in any liquid sustains a pressure from below upwards equal to the weight of the volume of the liquid displaced by such body. The use of hydrometers for determining the specific gravities of liquids has been traced back to a period about 300 years before Christ; an instru- ment of this kind beiug described as the invention of Archimedes, the Sicilian mathematician. It subsequently fell into disuse, but was again brought into notice by Basil Valentine. There are two kinds of hydrometers, which may be taken as the t} T pes of all the different varieties in regard to construction: — 1st. Those which are always immersed in the liquids to be tried, to the same depth, and to which weights are added to adjust the instrument to the density of any particular liquid. Of this description are Fahrenheit's, Nichol- son's, and Guyton de Morveau's hydrometers. 2d. Those which are always used with the same weight, but which sink into the liquids to be tried to different depths, according to the densities of the liquids. These usually have graduated scales attached to their stems. Of this description are the common glass hydrometers, generally including those of Baume, Cartier, Gay Lussac, Twaddle, Zanetti, &c, and the specific gravity beads. Sikes's and Dicas's hydrometers combine the principles of both types, having movable weights and graduated scales. Hydrometers may also be divided into two classes, as follows : — First. Those having a general application, for determining the comparative densities of any liquids. Second. Those intended for special application ; as for estimating the com- parative strength of spirits, or the comparative densities of syrups, oils, etc. Fahrenheit's, Nicholson's, Guyton de Morveau's, and the common glass hydrometers, including Baume's, Cartier's, Zanetti's, and the specific gravity beads, belong to' the first class. Gay Lussac's, Sike's, and Dicas's hydrometers, the saccharometer, urino- meter, and elaeometer, belong to the second class. Fahrenheit's hydrometer consists of two glass bulbs blown in a glass tube, like a common hydrometer, excepting that the upper bulb is larger, and the stem, which is small, is terminated at the top in a cup or funnel. It has a mark on the middle of the stem, indicating the point at which the instrument is to be made to float, by means of weights put into the cup. Nicholson's hydrometer is a modification of Fahrenheit's. It is made of brass, and consists of a hollow globe, to which is fixed a slender stem sur- mounted by a cup ; on the opposite side of the globe is another cup fixed in a kind of stirrup, and loaded, so that this may always form the lowest point of the instrument when immersed in any liquid. There is a mark on the middle of the upper stem, indicating the point at which the instrument is to be made to float. A certain weight is introduced into the cup, to cause the instrument to sink to the proper mark in distilled water. On immersing 3 34 INTRODUCTION. Fig.l. the hydrometer into any other liquid, more or less weight will have to be put into the cup, according as such liquid is more or less deuse than water. Thus the relative densities of liquids are determined. This instrument is also applicable for taking the specific gravities of solids. If the solid substances be put into the cup, as part of the weight required to sink the hydrometer in distilled water, the weight of the substance in air is ascertained ; and if it be then put into the lower cup, immersed in water, and the instrument again adjusted, its weight in water is ascertained; and from these its specific gravity is calculated. Guyton de 3Iorveau J s hydrometer is similar to Fahrenheit's. Baum&s hydrometers are used extensively in this country, as well as in France, and are applicable for all kinds of liquids. There are two distinct instruments : one for liquids lighter than water, and the other for liquids heavier than water. The latter is, for distinction, called the acidometer or saccharometer (pese-acide or pese-sirop) ; the former, the spirit hydro- meter (pese-e sprit). Baum&s acidometer is made in the form of the common hydrometers. It consists of a glass tube terminated at the lower end by two bulbs, the lowest bulb being much smaller than the other, and intended to contain the ballast with which the instrument is loaded. The scale is marked on a slip of paper, or of ivory fixed in the tube, and is adjusted in the following manner : The top of the tube being open, the slip of paper on which the scale is to be marked is put into the stem, and the instrument is then immersed in pure distilled water ; quicksilver is now dropped into the lower ball until the instrument sinks so low in the water that only the top of the stem remains above the surface, and a mark is made on the glass denoting ex- actl} r the point to which it sinks. The instrument is now taken out of the pure water and put into a solution of fifteen parts of com- mon salt in eighty-five parts of distilled water, this solution being at the same temperature as the water in which the instrument was previously immersed ; the point to which it sinks in this solution is to be marked on the stem as before, and the distance between the two marks being taken with a pair of compasses, and transferred to the slip of paper, the first is made the zero or 0, and the other the 15th degree of the scale. This distance being divided into fifteen equal parts or divisions, each division is called a degree, and the scale is com- pleted by adding as many more degrees as the length of the stem will admit of. This being done, the slip of paper is again introduced into its place, and so fixed that the zero (0) of the scale shall be exactly opposite the first mark made on the glass. The end of the stem is now sealed with the flame of a blowpipe. Baume'8 spirit hydrometer is similar in form to the acidometer; but the weight of the instrument, and the scale, are different. In this case, the hydrometer is first immersed, as before, in pure distilled water; but it is made to float, so that the greater part of the stem shall be above the surface of the water. This point is marked, and the instrument is then transferred to a solution of ten parts of common salt in ninety parts of water, when another mark is made. The distance between these marks is made ten de- grees of the scale, which arc divided with the compasses, and marked on the slip ol* paper, as in \\n' other case ; the floating point in the solution of salt being made the /eio, and the degrees carried upwards from this point. The temperature at which these instruments were originally adjusted by IJaiime, was 10° I Jen iiimir, or 12.5° Centigrade; but those made in England are usually adjusted at G0° Fahrenheit. It is sometimes important to be aware of this difference. INTRODUCTION. 35 Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Cartier's hydrometer is much used in France. It is only applicable for liquids lighter than water. This instrument is a modification of Baumd's spirit hydrometer, the form of the instrument being the same, and the same point being taken as the zero of the scale ; but the space which, in Baume's scale, is divided into 32°, is in Carrier's divided into 30°. It is becoming the common practice in this country to have the scales of hydrometers marked with the specific gravities intended to be indicated, and this is by far the most convenient kind of hydrometer for general use. Twaddle's hydrometers are much used in Scotland, and occasionally in England. They are made of glass like the common hydrometers, and are sold in sets of six. Each degree on the scale is equal to 0.005 of speciflc gravity, so that the specific gravity of a liquid is found, with these hydro- meters, bv multiplying the number of degrees indicated, by 5, and adding 1000. Thus, 10° by Twaddle's hydrometer, X 5 + 1000 = 1.050 specific gravity. ZanettVs hydrometers, which are made at Manchester, are also sold in sets of six. With these the specific gravity is got by adding a cipher to the number of degrees indicated. Specific gravity beads (Fig. 2), some- times called LovVs beads, are hollow sealed globes of glass, about the size of small pistol bullets. Each bead is a small hydrometer, intended to indicate one fixed density, by its remaining half way between the top and the bottom of the liquid into which it is introduced. These beads are sold in sets, each one being marked with the specific gravity it is to indicate at a certain, fixed tempera- ture. They are very useful in making mixtures of any required densities, as, for instance, in making test acids. Gay Lussac's alcoometre (Fig. 3) is frequently employed in France ; it is adapted only for estimating the strength of spirits. The instrument is made like a common glass hydrometer, the scale of which is divided into 100 parts or de- grees. The lowest division marked 0, at the bottom of the scale, denotes the specific gravity of pure water at a tem- perature of 15° Cent. ; and the highest division, at the top of the scale, the spe- cific gravity of absolute alcohol at the same temperature. The intermediate degrees indicate the number of volumes of absolute alcohol in 100 volumes of the spirit tried. The instrument is accompanied by a table for correcting the numbers marked on the scale, when it is used at any other temperature than that of 15° Cent. Sikes's hydrometer is used exclusively in the collection of the spirit reve- nue. It consists of a spherical ball or float, and an upper and a lower stem made of brass (a b c, Fig. 4) ; the upper stem (6) has ten principal divisions, numbered 1,2,3, etc., which are each subdivided into five parts ; the lower stem (c) is made conical, and has a pear-shaped loaded bulb at its lower ex- tremity. There are nine movable weights (b, Fig. 5), having the form of Specific Gravity Bead. Gay Lussac's Alcoometre. 36 INTKODUCTION. Fig. 4 circular disks, and numbered 10, 20, 30, and so on to 90. Each of the circular weights is cut into its centre, so that it can be placed on the inferior conical stem Fig. 5. Sikes's Hydrometer. Sikes's Hydrometer. and slid down to the bulb ; but, in consequence of the enlargement of the cone, they cannot slip off at the bottom, but must be drawn up to the thin part for this purpose. The instrument is adjusted to strong spirit, specific gravity .825, at 60° F., this being reckoned as standard alcohol. In this spirit the instrument floats at the first division, 0, or zero, without a weight. In weaker spirit, having a greater den sky, the hydro- meter will not sink so low ; and, if the density be much greater, it will be necessary to add one of the weights to cause the entire immersion of the bulb of the instrument. Each weight represents as many principal divisions of the stem as its number in- dicates : thus, the heaviest weight, marked 90, is equivalent to 90 divisions of the stem, and the instrument with this weight added floats at in dis- tilled water. As each principal division on the stem is divided into five, the instrument has a range of 500 degrees between standard alcohol, specific gravity .825, and water. In using this instrument, it is immersed in the spirit, and pressed down by the hand to 0, till the whole divided part of the stem be wet. The force of the hand required to sink it will be a guide in selecting the proper weight. Having taken one of the circular weights, which is necessary for this purpose, it is slipped on the conical stem. The instrument is again immersed, and pressed down as before to 0, and is then allowed to rise and settle at any point of the scale. The eye is then brought to the level of the surface of the spirit, and the part of the stem cut by the sin lace, as seen from below, is marked. The number thus indicated by the stein is added to the number of the weight employed, and with this sum at the side, and the temperature of the spirits at the top, the strength per cent. is found in a table which accompanies the hydrometer. The strength is ex- pressed in numbers denoting the excess or deficiency per cent, of proof spirit in any sample; and the number itself, having its decimal point removed two places to the left, becomes a factor, whereby the gauged contents of a cask 01 vessel of such spirit being multiplied, and the product being added to the gauged contents if over proof, or deducted from it if under proof, the result will be the actual quantity of proof spirit contained in such cask or vessel. Dicas 1 * hydrometer is similar in construction to Sikes's; and it is used in INTRODUCTION' 37 a similar manner, with the same result, indicating the relation of the spirit tried to standard proof spirit. It is the practice in commerce to designate the strength of spirit as so many degrees above or below proof, the government having fixed upon what is called proof spirit as the standard, in comparison with which, the strength of all spirit shall be estimated. The term proof is said to have been de- rived from the ancient practice of tiying the strength of spirit by pouring it over gunpowder in a cup, and then setting fire to the spirit ; if, when the spirit had burned away, the gunpowder exploded, the spirit was said to be over proof; if, on the other hand, the gunpowder failed to ignite, in con- sequence of the water left from the spirit, it was said to be under proof The weakest spirit capable of firing gunpowder in this way was called proof spirit ; but it requires a spirit nearly of the strength of what is now called rectified spirit to stand this test. The standard proof spirit of the Excise is defined by law (56 Geo. III. cap. 140) to be "that which, at a temperature Fig. 6, Fig. 7. Fig. 8. 24 go Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Q Saccharometer. TJrinometer. ElaSometer. of 51° by Fahrenheit's thermometer, weighs exactly twelve-thirteenth parts of an equal measure of distilled water." This will have a specific gravity of .923 at 51° Fahr., or about .920 at 60° Fahr. The standard alcohol of the Excise is spirit, the specific gravity of which is .825 at 60° Fahr. By 38 INTRODUCTION" " spirit 60 degrees over proof," is understood a spirit, 100 measures of which, added to 60 measures of water, will form standard proof spirit, sp. gr. 920. By " spirit 10 degrees under proof," is understood a spirit, 100 measures of which, mixed with 10 measures of standard alcohol, sp. gr. .825, will form standard proof spirit. Saccharometers (Fig. 6), which are hydrometers intended for determining the density of syrups, are usually made and graduated in the same manner as Baume's acidometers, and differ only from these in being made smaller ; but the scale is sometimes graduated to indicate the proportion of sugar in the solution. The urinometer is a small hydrometer, originally suggested by Dr. Prout, for estimating the density of urine. The scale (Fig. 7) is divided into 60 degrees, the zero being the point at which it floats in distilled water. The numbers on the scale, added to 1000, the assumed sp. gr. of water, give the specific gravities at the respective points ; thus, supposing the number cut by the surface of the liquid to be 30, this indicates a sp. gr. 1030. The letters H. S., on the back of the scale (Fig. 8), signify healthy standard, which ranges from 10° to 20° of the scale. The elaeometer (Figs. 9, 10) is a very delicate glass hydrometer, intended for testing the purity of olive oil or oil of almonds, by determining their densities. The or zero of the scale is the point at which the instrument floats in oil of poppy seeds. The point at which it floats in pure olive oil is made the 50th degree, and the space between these two points is divided into 50 equal parts, and numbered accordingly. It floats at 38 or 38^° in pure oil of almonds. The following tables have been drawn up for the purpose of showing the relations between the indications afforded by some of the foregoing instru- ments : — Relation between Specific Gravities, and Degrees of Baum&s Hydrometer for Liquids heavier than Water. Sp.gr. Baum€. Sp. gr. Baum6. Sp. gr. Baume. Sp. gr. Baum6. Sp.gr. Baum6. 1.000 = = 1.116 = =15 1.264 = = 30 1.454 = = 45 1.714 = = 60 LOOT 1 1.125 16 1.275 31 1.470 46 1.736 61 1.014 2 1.134 17 1.286 32 1.485 47 1.758 62 1.022 3 1.143 18 1.298 33 1.501 48 1.779 63 1.029 4 1.152 19 1.309 34 1.526 49 1.801 64 1.036 5 1.161 20 1.321 35 1.532 50 1.823 65 1.044 6 i-m 21 1.334 36 1.549 51 1.847 66 1.052 7 1.180 22 1.346 37 1.566 52 1.872 67 1.060 8 1.190 23 1.359 38 1.583 53 1.897 68 1.061 9 1.199 24 1.372 39 1.601 54 1.921 69 1.075 10 1.210 25 1.384 40 1.618 55 1.946 70 1.083 11 1.221 26 1.398 41 1.637 56 1.974 71 L.091 12 1.231 27 1.412 42 1.656 57 2.002 72 1.100 13 1.242 28 1.426 43 1.676 58 2.031 73 1.108 14 1.252 29 1.440 44 1.695 59 2.059 2.087 74 75 INTRODUCTION", 39 Relation between Specific Gravities, and Degrees of Baume 1 s Hydrometer for Liquids lighter than Water. Sp. gr. Baume. Sp. gr. Baume. Sp. gr. Baurne\ Sp. gr. Baum6. Sp.gr. Baum6. 1.000 = = 10 0.934 = = 20 0.815 = = 30 0.823 = = 40 0.111 = 50 0.993 11 0.921 21 0.869 31 0.819 41 0.113 51 0.986 12 0.921 22 0.864 32 0.814 42 0.169 52 0.919 13 0.915 23 0.859 33 0.809 43 0.165 53 0.912 14 0.909 24 0.853 34 0.805 44 0.160 54 0.966 15 0.903 25 0.848 35 0.800 45 0.156 55 0.959 16 0.891 26 0.843 36 0.196 46 . 0.152 56 0.953 11 0.892 21 0.838 31 0.191 41 0.148 51 0.946 18 0.886 28 0.833 38 0.181 48 0.144 58 0.940 19 0.880 29 0.828 39 0.182 49 0.139 59 0.135 60 Temperatures to be Observed in certain Pharmaceutical Operations. In the fermentation of saccharine solutions, the highest temperature should not exceed 86° (Thomson). The lowest temperature at which they will ferment is 38° (Thomson). The process of acetous fermentation is best conducted at a temperature of about 86°. The temperature requisite to coagulate albumen varies with the state of dilution. If the quantity of albumen be so great that the liquid has a slimy aspect, a heat of 145° or 150° suffices, but in a very dilute condition boiling is required (Fownes). In the British and U. S. Pharmacopoeias — When a boiling heat is directed, a temperature is meant of 212° Fahr. When a gentle heat is directed, a temperature is meant of from 90° to 100°. All the specific gravities of substances are to be taken at a temperature of 60°. A water bath is that by which any substance contained in a proper vessel is exposed either to hot water, or the vapor of boiling water, so that the sub- stance may thus be subjected to a heat near to, but necessarily below 212.° In the steam-bath the vapor of water at a temperature above 212°, but not exceeding 230°, is similarly applied. A sand-bath is made of sand, to be gradually heated, in which anything is placed contained in a proper vessel. Vegetables, shortly after they have been gathered, those excepted which ought to be fresh, are to be lightly strewed, and dried as quickly as possible with a gentle heat (90° to 100°). They are to be kept afterwards in proper vessels, excluded from the access of light and moisture. 40 INTRODUCTION. HYDROMETRICAL EQUIVALENTS. 100 parts contain of 1000 parts Per cent, ol Sp.gr. at 60° Fah. Alcohol contain of Alcohol, sp. gr. Water. standard Sikes. Baume. Cartier. sp. gr. 796 796. Ale. sp. gr. by volume. By weight. 825. GayLussac. 796 100 46.5 43.48 100 797 99.5 .5 99.75 798 99 1 46 43.06 99.50 799 98.67 1.33 99.25 800 98.33 1.67 99 801 98 2 98.75 802 97.67 2.33 45 42.14 98.50 803 97.33 2.67 42 98.28 804 97 3 98.15 805 96.67 3.33 98 806 96.33 3.67 97.80 806.5 96.17 3.83 44 41.22 97.70 807 96 4 97.60 808 95.5 4.5 41 97.40 809 95 5 97.29 809.5 94.89 5.10 97.10 810 94.67 5.33 97 811 94 33 5.67 43 40.34 96.75 812 94 6 96.50 813 93.67 6.33 40 96.25 814 93.33 6.67 96 815 93 7 95.75 816 92.5 7.5 42 39.40 95.50 817 92 8 95.25 818 91.67 8.33 95 818.6 91.5 8.5 39 94.90 819 91.33 8.67 94.75 820 91 9 94.50 821 91.5 9.5 41 38.46 94.25 822 90 10 94 823 89.67 10.33 38 93.75 824 89.33 10.67 93.50 825 89 11 1000 63 O.P. 40 37.55 93.25 826 88.5 11.5 993 62 93 827 88 12 988.5 61.5 37 92.6 828 87.67 12.33 984 61 39.5 92.3 829 87.33 12.67 979.5 60.5 39 36.63 91 830 87 13 975 60 91.7 831 86.5 13.5 970.5 59.5 38.5 36.17 91.35 832 86 14 966 59 36 91 833 85.67 14.33 961.5 58.3 90.65 834 85.33 14.67 957 58 38 35.72 90.3 835 85 15 953 57.5 90 836 84.67 15.33 949 57 37.5 35.26 89.7 837 84.33 15.67 944.5 56.5 89.35 837.6 84.25 15.75 942.5 56.3 35 89.20 838 84 16 940 56 89 839 83.5 16.5 936 55.5 37 34.80 88.75 840 83 17 932 55 88.5 INTRODUCTION. 41 100 parts ( :ontain of 1000 parts Per cent, of Sp. gr. at Alcohol | contain of Alcohol, 60° Fah. sp. gr. 796. Water. standard Ale. sp. gr. Sikes. Baume\ Cartier. sp. gr. 796 by volume. By weight. 825. 36.5 GrayLussac. 841 82.67 17.33 928 54.5 0. P. 88.25 842 82.33 17.67 924 54 34.94 88 843 82 18 920 53.5 34 87.65 844 81.67 18.33 916 53 36 33.88 87.3 845 81.33 18.67 912 52.5 87 846 81 19 908 52 86.7 847 80.5 19.5 903 51 35.5 33.42 86.35 848 80 20 898 50 86 849 79.67 20.33 893 49.5 85.65 850 79.33 20.67 888 49 35 33 85.3 851 79 21 883 48.5 85 852 78.5 21.5 878 48 34.5 32.43 84.7 853 78 22 873- 47.5 84.35 854 77.5 22.5 868 47 84 855 77 23 862.5 46.5 34 32.04 83.65 856 76.5 23.5 857 46 83.3 857 76 24 853 45.5 33.5 31.58 83 858 75.67 24.33 849 45.25 82.7 859 75.33 24.67 844.5 45 82.35 860 75 25 840 44.75 33 31.13 82 861 74.67 25.33 836.5 44.5 31 81.7 862 74.33 25.67 833 44 81.3 862.5 74.16 25.84 830.5 43.75 32.5 30.76 80 863 74 26 828 43.5 80.8 864 73.5 26.5 823 43 80.3 865 73 27 818 42.5 32 30.21 79.95 866 72.5 27.5 813 42 79.6 867 72 28 810 41 79.3 867.5 71.83 28.17 808.5 40.5 31.5 29.78 79.15 868 71.67 28.33 807 40 79 869 71.33 28.67 802.5 39.5 78.65 870 71 29 798 39 31 29.29 78.3 871 70.5 29.5 792.5 38.5 78 872 70 30 787 38 29 77.7 873 69,5 30.5 781.5 37 30.5 28.83 77.35 874 69 31 776 36 77 875 68.67 31.33 772 35 76.5 876 68.33 31.67 768 34 30 28.38 76 877 68 32 762.5 33 75.65 877.5 67.75 32.25 759.25 32.5 28 75.5 878 67.5 32.5 757 32 75.3 878.5 67.25 32.75 753.75 31.5 29.5 27.91 75 879 67 33 751.5 31 74.8 880 66.5 33.5 746 30 74.3 881 66 34 742 29.5 29 27.44 74 882 65.5 34.5 738 29 73.7 883 65 35 733.5 28.5 27 73.35 883.5 64.83 35.17 731.25 28.25 28.5 26.99 73.17 884 64.67 35.33 729 28 73 885 64.33 35.67 724 27.5 72.5 886 64 36 719 27 28 26.53 72 42 INTRODUCTION. Sp. gr. at 60 J Fan. 100 parts contain of Alcohol 1 sp. gr. Water. 796 1 By weight. 1000 parts contain of standard Ale. sp.gr. 825. Sikes. Baume. Cartier. Per cent, oi Alcohol, sp. gr. 796 by volume. GayLussac. 887 63.67 36.33 714 26 O. P. 71.5 888 63.33 36.67 709 25 71 889 63 37 704 24.5 27.5 26.07 70.65 890 62.5 37.5 699 24 70.3 891 62 38 694 23 69.8 892 61.5 38.5 689 22 27 25.61 69.3 893 61 39 684.5 21 69 894 60.67 39.33 680 20 68.7 895 60.33 39.67 675.5 19.5 68.35 895.5 60.16 39.84 673.25 19.25 26.5 25.15 68.17 896 60 40 671 19 25 68 897 59.5 40.5 666.5 18 67.65 898 59 41 662 17 26 24.69 67.3 899 58.5 41.5 655.5 16 67 900 58 42 649 15 66.7 900-5 57.75 42.25 647 14.75 25.5 24.23 66.52 901 57.5 42.5 645 14.5 66.35 901-5 57.25 42.75 643 14.25 24 66.17 902 57 43 641 14 66 903 56.5 • 43.5 636 13 25 23.77 65.5 904 56 44 631 12 65 905 55.5 44.5 626 11.5 64.5 906 55 45 621 11 24.5 23.31 64 907 54.5 45.5 616.5 10.5 63.65 908 54 46 612 10 23 63.3 909 53.5 46.5 607 9 24 22.85 62.65 910 53 47 602 8 62.3 911 52.5 47.5 595.5 7.5 61.9 912 52 48 591 7 23.5 22.39 61.5 913 51.67 48.33 586 6 61 914 51.33 48.67 581 5 60.5 915 51 49 576 4 23 21.94 60 916 50.5 49.5 571 3 59.6 917 50 50 560.5 2 59.3 918 49.67 50.33 562 1 22.5 21.48 59 919 49.33 50.67 554 .5 58.5 920 49 51 550 Proof 58 921 48.5 51.5 545 1 U.P. 22 21.02 57.5 922 48 52 540 2 57 923 47.5 52.5 535.5 3 21.5 20.56 56.5 ! 924 47 53 531 4 56 925 46.5 53.5 526 5 55.5 926 46 54 521 6 21 20.10 55 927 45.5 54.5 515.5 6.5 54.5 928 45 55 510 7 54 929 44.5 55.5 505 8 53.5 929.5 44.25 55.75 502.5 8.5 20.5 19.64 53.25 930 44 56 500 9 53 93] 43.67 56.33 495.5 10 52.5 932 43.33 56.67 4S9 11 52 933 43 57 484 12 20 19.18 51.5 INTRODUCTION" 43 100 parts contain of 1000 parts Per cent, of Sp. gr. at Alcohol contain of Alcohol, bO 3 Fah. sp gr. 796. Water. standard Ale. sp. gr. Sikes. Baume\ C artier. sp. gr. 796 by volume. By weight. 825. GayLussac. 934 42.5 57.5 479 13 O. P. 19 51 935 42 58 472.5 14 50.5 936 41.5 58.5 468 15 19.5 18.72 50 937 41 59 462 16 49.5 938 40.5 59.5 456 17 49 939 40 60 450 18 19 18,26 48.5 940 39.5 60.5 444 19 48 940.5 39.25 60.75 441 19.5 18 47.63 941 39 61 438 20 47.25 942 38.5 61.5 432 21 18.5 17.80 46.5 943 38 62 426.5 22 46 944 37.5 62.5 421 23 45.5 945 37 63 416 23.5 18 17.35 44.75 946 36.5 63.5 411 24 44 941 36 64 399 25 17 43.5 948 35.5 64.5 397 26 17.5 16.89 43 949 35 65 389.5 27 42.25 950 34.5 65.5 382 28 41.5 951 34 66 376 29.5 17 16.43 40 952 33.5 66.5 370 31 40.5 953 33 67 364 32.5 39.75 954 32.5 67.5 358 34 39 955 32 68 352 35 16.5 16.3 38.5 956 31.5 68.5 346 36 16 38 957 31 69 339.5 37.5 37.25 958 30 70 333 39 36.5 959 29.5 70.5 324 40.5 16 15.51 35.75 960 29 71 315 42 35 961 28.5 71.5 307.5 43.5 34.5 962 28 72 300 45 15.5 15 34 963 27 73 292.5 46.5 33 964 26.5 73.5 285 48 32 965 26 74 277.5 49.5 15 14.59 31 966 25.5 74.5 270 51 30 961 25 75 261.5 52.5 29 968 24 76 253 54 28 968.5 23.75 76.25 14.5 14.13 27.5 969 23.5 76.5 244.5 55.5 27 910 23 77 236 57 26 971 22.5 77.5 227 58.5 25 912 22 78 218 60 14 13.67 24 973 21 79 209 62 23 974 20 80 200 64 22 975 19 81 195 66 13.5 13.21 21 976 18.5 81.5 190.5 68 20 977 18 82 183.5 70 19 978 17 83 175 72 13 12.76 18 979 16 84 163 73.5 17 980 15.5 84.5 150 75 16 981 15 85 143 76 15 982 14 86 135 77 12.5 12.30 14 44 INTRODUCTION. Sp. gr. at 60° Fah. 100 parts contain of Alcohol | sp. gr. "Water. 796. I By weight. 1000 parts contain of standard Ale. sp. gr. 825. Sikes. Baume. Cartier. Per cent, of Alcohol, sp. gr. 796 by volume. GayLussac. 983 13.5 86.5 128 78.5 O.P. 13 984 13 87 120 80 12 985 12.5 87.5 112 81 11.25 986 12 88 105 82 12 11.84 10.5 987 11 89 98 83.5 9.75 988 10 90 90 85 9 989 9 91 82 87 11.5 11.38 8 990 8 92 75 89 7 991 7 93 67.5 90.5 6.5 892 6 94 60 92 6 993 5.5 94.5 52.5 93.5 11 10.92 5 984 5 95 45 95 4 995 4 96 37.5 95.5 3.5 996 3.5 96.5 30 96 10.5 10.46 3 997 3 97 22.5 97 2 998 2 98 15 98 1 999 1 99 7.5 99 .5 1000 100 100 10 10 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF SOME OF THE LIQUID PREPARA- TIONS ORDERED IN THE PHARMACOPEIAS. The German Pharmacopoeia directs the Specific Gravity to he taken at a temperature of 15° C. The Paris Codex at 18° C. The British and U. S. Pharmacopoeias at 60° Fahr Sp. Gr. Acetum Brit 1.017 to 1.019 Acidum Aceticum Brit 1.044 U. S 1.047 Glaciale Brit 1.065 to 1.066 Concentratum Fr 1.075 to 1.083 . Dilutum Brit., U. S. . . . 1.006 Germ 1.040 Hydrochloric um Brit., U. S. . . 1.160 . Fr 1.18 Purum Germ 1.124 Dublin 1.176 Dilutum Germ 1.060 Brit 1.052 U. S 1.038 — 1 1 \(\, but. Sedes, fl stool — plural, stools. Semi, or semis, half. Semihorn, half .in hour. Semi drachma, half a drachm. Besqui, one and a half, as sesquihora, an hour and a half. Sesquiuncia, or sescuncia, an ounce and a half. Sesquidrachma, a drachm and a half. Remember well to attend to the difference of these two words, for INTRODUCTION. 57 many young men, by not knowing that sesqui means one and a half, but confounding it with semi, have made bad mistakes. Semper, alwa}'s. Semel, once. Septem, seven. Septimana, a week, seven days. Septimus, seventh. Sequens, following. Serum lactis, whey. In sero lactis vinoso, in wine whey. Serum is also the watery part of the blood which separates from the red part, or crassamentum, on standing until cold. Sex, six ; sextus, sixth. Si, if. Sive, or ; whether. Signatura, a label or direction. Signetur, let it be marked, directed, written upon. S.N. P., Signetur nomine proprio, mark it with the name it is usually known by. Simul, together ; as, terantur simul, let them be rubbed together. Simul ac, at the same time that. Sine, without. Sine mora, without delay. Singultus, hiccup. Singulus, a, um, each ; in singulus, in each ; singulorum, of each. Sinister, tra, trum, the left. Auri sinistro, to the left ear. Sitis, thirst ; si sitiat, if thirsty. Solitus, accustomed. Solus, alone ; only. Solutus, a, um, dissolved, also loosened ; as, donee alvus soluta fuerit, until a stool is procured. Solve, dissolve. Somnus, sleep. Hora somni, at bedtime. Spina, the spine, the backbone ; also, a thorn. Spissus, thick. Spissitudo, thickness of consistence. Statim, directly, immediately. Stent, let them stand. Stet, let it stand. Sternutatorius pulvis, sneezing powder, snuff. Stupa, tow. Sub, subter, under. Sub finem coctionis, when the boiling is almost finished. Sub, prefixed to a word, implies diminution, or a process not com- pleted ; also, in many words has the same signification as the termi- nation ish in English words, as sub-niger, blackish, not quite black. Subtepidus, lukewarm. For its meaning when applied to terms of chemistry, as subcarbonas, submurias, the pupil must study his chemical nomenclature. Subactus, a^ um, subdued, dissolved. Subitus, a, um, Subitaneus, sudden. Subito (adv.), suddenly. Subtepidus, a little warm, lukewarm. Subige, dissolve it, make it unite. Subdue quicksilver with lard or balsam of sulphur. Subinde, frequently, now and then. Subtilis, subtile, reduced to fine powder. Pulv. subtilissimus, the very finest powder. Sumat, let him take. Sumatur, sumantur, let it be taken, take. Sudor, sweat. Superbibo, to drink after taking anything ; as, chamomile tea or warm water after an emetic ; or a cup of water or any liquid medicine to wash down a dose of any sort of pills. Superinfundo, to pour upon. 53 INTRODUCTION. Supra, above. Supradictus, above mentioned. Syncope, a tainting tit. T. Tabellae, tabulae, lozenges. Talis, such. Sumat talem, let him take such a one as this. Talus, the ankle. Tarn, so. Tamen, yet. Tactus, the touch. Taenia, the tapeworm. Tempus, ternporis, time. Tempora, the temples. Temporibus, to the temples. Tempori dextro, to the right temple. Tempori sinistro, to the left temple. Temperies, temperamentum, temperament, degree of heat. Tenacitas, tenacity. Ad debitam tenacitatem, of a proper degree of tenacity or consistence. Teneo, to hold. Tenendus, to be held. Tenuis, weak, thin, small, slender. Tepefactus, warmed, made warm. Ter, three times, thrice. Ter quaterve, three or four times. Teres, teretis, round, taper ; also, teres is a name for the long and round worm infesting the human body, qu. d. vermis teres. Tergum, the back. A tergo, behind. Tero, to rub. Tere (imperative), rub. Terendus, to be rubbed. Terantur, let them be rubbed. Tertius, tertia, tertium, the third. Testacea, the prepared powders made of oyster-shells, egg-shells, crabs' claws, etc. Thorax, the chest. Thoracis, of the chest. Thus, fankincense. Tinea, capitis, scald head. Torrefactus, toasted. Tres, tria, three ; tribus, in three, to three. Triduum, three days. Trituratio, a grinding. Trituratus, triturated, ground. Tritus, ground. T.O., Tinctura Opii, what is commonly called Laudanum. T.O.C, Tinctura Opii Cam pho rata, Camphorated Tincture of Opium, called, formerly, Paregoric Elixir. This tincture is now called by the British Pharmacopoeia, edit. 186*7, Tinctura Camphorae Composita. Trans, through. Cola trans chartam, filter through filtering-paper. Tussis, a cough. Tussi molestante, when the cough is troublesome. U. I'M imiis, ultima, mum, the last. Ultimo prescript, which was last prescribed. Umbilicus, the navel. I 'iim (an adverb), together. Uncio, an ounce. Unciam cum semisse, an ounce and a half. [Jndecim, eleven. I ii ik, nun, unum, one. Unius, of one. Uni, to one. Drgente tussi, when the cough is troublesome. [JrgeO, to Urge, to oppress, to be troublesome or painful. Dsus, use. Pergat in usu remediorum, continue the use of the medicine as before. Usque, ad, up to, as far as. It. as that, so that ; in the same manner as. Utendus, to be used. INTRODUCTION. 59 Utatur, let him make use of. Uterque, utraque, utrumque, both. Utriusqne, of both. Utrique, to both, to either. Admoveantur hirundines ij tempori utrique, apply two leeches to each temple. Utriuslibet, of whichever of the two, or more, the patient likes best. Yaccinatio, the act of inoculating for the cowpock. Tariola vaccinae, the cowpock. Yaccinum lac, cow's milk. Yalde, very, very much. Yaleo, to avail ; si non valeat, if it does not answer. Variola, the smallpox. Varicella, the chickenpox. Yas, a vessel. Yasis, of a vessel. Yase clauso, in a covered vessel. Agitato vase, shaking the vessel. Ye, vel, or ; either ; -ve is never at the beginning, but at the end of, a word. Vertebrae, the joints of the neck, back, or loins ; the vertebrae, altogether, form that column of bones which is called the spine. Verus, true, real, genuine. Vena, vein. Yena saphena, the ankle vein. Yenaesectio, bleeding. Fiat venaesectio, bleed him. V.S.B., Yenaesectio brachii, bleeding in the arm. Fiat venaesectio in vena saphena, bleed the patient in the ankle vein — or, it may be under- stood, to bleed wherever you can find the best vein at the top of the foot to get blood from. Yespere, in the evening. Vespertinus, in the evening, as hora vi a , vespertina, at six o'clock in the evening. Yehiculum, a vehicle ; that is, whatever liquid or any other eatable or drink- able we take a medicine in, as barley-water, whey, jelly, or panada, etc. Viginti, twenty. Yicesimus, vigesimns, the twentieth. Vinosus, vinarius, of wine. Cyathus vinarius, a wineglass. Vices, turns ; ad duas vices sumendus, to be taken at twice ; that is, half to be taken at first, and the other half in some time after. Vicibus partitis. See Partitns in P. Vice, in the room of. Vix, scarcely, hardly. Ut vix sentiatur, so that it can scarcely be perceived. Vitellus, the yolk of an egg. V. 0. S., Yitello ovi Solut m ; dissolved in the yolk of an egg. Vitrum, a glass. Yitreus, made of glass. Vires, strength ; si vires permittant, if the strength will bear it. Yomitio, a vomiting. Vomitione urgente, when the vomiting is troublesome. Yultus, the countenance. OBSERVATIONS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SICK ROOM. In the treatment of disease, as much depends on the proper management of the patient, or, as it is usually called, nursing, as on the remedial powers of medicines appropriate to the exigencies of the case. How many, in fact, have owed their lives to the sedulous and skilful attention of their nurse or friends, wholly independent of professional assistance ! and, on the other hand, what numbers have been sacrificed to a want of knowledge of the proper government of a sick room, in spite of the most judicious treatment on the part of the physician I This most important subject has been strangely GO INTRODUCTION. overlooked by both lecturers and writers on the practice of medicine. We are acquainted with but two treatises on the subject, in our language, that can be referred to with confidence — the general observations prefixed to " A Practice of Physic," bj^ the late Dr. Dewees, and " The Domestic Manage- ment of the Sick Room," by Dr. A. T. Thomson, of both of which we shall freely avail ourself in the following pages. Ventilation in the Sick Room. Where it is possible, the room in which the patient is confined should be large and lofty, and in all cases provided with a chimney ; the upper sashes of the windows should be capable of being let down, which is not always the case ; in a word, the room should be of such a construction as to permit the freest ventilation and renewal of the air without injury to the patient. For- tunately for the comfort as well as for the benefit of the sick, a great change has taken place as regards their treatment in this respect ; at one time, and that not many years since, it was considered essential to their recovery that air should be carefully excluded from their apartments, and every means was taken to accomplish this result ; but a more rational mode of treatment is now generally adopted, though physicians occasionally meet with individuals who obstinately adhere to the idea that all access of the outer air is inju- rious to the sick. The air of a sick chamber soon becomes impure, and must be changed by the admission of fresh air from without, and not, as is too frequently at- tempted, by the use of disinfecting agents in the chamber itself; which, although they may mask or destroy offensive odors, only tend to vitiate the air still more. It may be confidently asserted that no disinfecting or fumi- gating agent is capable of rendering the air of a sick chamber so pure and salutary as it can be made by proper attention to cleanliness and free ventilation. This latter can in most cases be accomplished without risk to the patient, by proper management, and should never be neglected. It should be regu- lated by the season of the year, the state of the atmosphere, and the cha- racter of the disease. In winter, in consequence of the draught occasioned by the fire, a renewal of the air of the room takes place to a greater or less degree ; but a sick chamber should, if possible, be heated by an open fire, and not by a stove, as the air is thus more rapidly changed, and the un- pleasant emanations caused by a large surface of heated iron are obviated. The state of the weather should also influence the mode of ventilation, for it must be obvious that, if it is damp, it would be injurious, if admitted into a sick room directly or in large quantities. The character of the disease .should always be considered ; as a general rule, all acute affections require more ventilation than those of a chronic nature, except such as are attended with offensive discharges. No precise rules, however, can be laid down on the subject of ventilation as respects the mode in which it is to be attained ; this must, in a great measure, be left to the discretion and good sense of the attendants. Ventilation is especially required in infectious and contagious disorders, B8, in close, ill-ventilated np.-iit.nients, the power of infection is greatly aug- meiited, and is, .-is it were, concentrated. The infectious miasm is greatly weakened or dilated by a free access of air, and its powers much augmented by a damp, close atmosphere. Next to ventilation, and of equal importance, is the Temperature of the Sick Room. There is a very general, but erroneous, opinion among nurses, that a sick person should be kept very warm, to prevent his taking cold, and, consequently, INTRODUCTION. 61 the temperature of the chamber is maintained at a fever heat, to the great inconvenience and positive detriment of the patient. The best general tem- perature of a sick room is from 60° to 70° F., to be regulated by the ther- mometer rather than by the sensations of the sick person, as these are often- times morbid and deceptive, but at the same time are not to be wholly dis- regarded ; thus, where the temperature is agreeable to the sensations of the attendants, and the patient, notwithstanding, complains of chilliness, it should be increased a few degrees. In febrile complaints, nothing conduces more to the comfort, and nothing is more proper than a reduced temperature, as it materially aids the phy- sician in relieving the morbid heat of the patient's body, and the increased action of the arterial system. Thus, in a patient in the hot stage of fever, it is suprising to see the almost immediate relief experienced by the admission of cool air into the chamber ; a tranquil state ensues, replacing his former jactitation and restlessness ; his skin becomes cooler ; 'his respiration, from being hurried and laborious, becomes calm and gentle ; his pulse less fre- quent and active ; and, in many cases, a placid and refreshing sleep comes on ; or he breaks out into a general perspiration. Where, on the other hand, the temperature of the room is maintained at a temperature equal to, or nearly equal to, that of his body, every morbid S3^mptom will be much aggravated, and his condition rendered still more deplorable. But, whilst a moderately depressed temperature is beneficial in many diseases, it exercises a decidedly injurious effect in others ; in affec- tions of the lungs, even a slight change in the thermometer will often cause an attack of cough and an augmentation of the symptoms. During convalescence, the air of a sick chamber should be frequently re- newed, and the temperature kept at about 60° to 65° ; but no sudden tran- sitions permitted, as nothing is more essential than a guarded care against extremes and rapid changes of heat and cold. It is of equal importance that a proper attention should be paid to the temperature of the patient as regards the amount of his covering, for con- stant errors are committed by nurses in this respect. When a sick person complains of feeling cold, it is always proper to provide him with additional covering ; but, if reaction takes place, and heat of skin ensues, it is seldom thought advisable by the attendants to remove any of the now superfluous clothes, "as he might take cold;' 7 the consequence is that a febrile con- dition is produced, with a dry, hot skin, without a sign of perspiration. If some of the bedclothes be removed, however, this will soon make its appear- ance, to the great relief of the patient. Every nurse should be aware that there is a sweating temperature, and that, when this is transcended, perspi- ration will not take place, and will cease if it be present. Attention to a simple rule on this point will obviate any difficulty — to add covering when the patient complains of chilliness, and to remove it when he experiences too much heat. Cleanliness in the Sick Room. Nor is attention to cleanliness of less importance, for, although much is accomplished, in preventing a foul and offensive atmosphere, by proper ven- tilation, this is not sufficient, and is not always practicable. The observance of this is one of a nurse's most important duties ; and she should be careful to remove anything that is capable of emitting an unpleasant smell, or of giving out an injurious gas, as speedily as possible. All evacuations are to be taken from the room at once, and never suffered to taint the air, under any pretence whatever. The bedclothes, as well as the personal clothing of the patient, should be changed as frequently as circumstances will allow, and no dirt suffered to accumulate in any part of the room. All articles used by the 62 INTRODUCTION. patient in taking his food, medicine, etc., should be cleansed as soon after they have been employed as possible. No slop-basin or slop-pail should ever be allowed to remain in a sick chamber. A patient's face and hands should be frequently wiped with a towel moist- ened with cold water, or vinegar and water, in all cases in which there is no danger of causing chilliness, and he should be allowed to rinse his mouth and clean his teeth, several times a day ; when he is unable to perform the latter office for himself, it should be done by the nurse. This is ver}^ grate- ful to patients in fever, when the tongue is dry or coated with fur or tena- cious mucus. Whilst every means of insuring cleanliness in the sick room should be practised, it is to be accomplished with as little noise and bustle as possible; otherwise it becomes annoying and injurious to the patient. It is not requi- site that the room should be swept, nor that the furniture should be dusted, every day. What is done should always be performed in the morning, as the patient is usually better able to bear the little noise and bustle necessarily attendant on these operations, after a night's rest and quiet. When the carpet is swept, it should be sprinkled with moist tea leaves a short time previous, to prevent dust from rising. Quiet in the Sick Room. In most diseases, and especially in those attended with fever, nothing is more annoying and distressing to the patient than noise ; hence, the utmost quiet should be strictly maintained. All unnecessaiy conversation should be avoided, as a sick room is an unfit place for gossiping. If conversation be carried on, however, it should be in such a tone of voice that the patient may comprehend it, for nothing is more injudicious or hurtful to a sick person, especially if of a nervous temperament, than the mode usually adopted by the attendants of conversing in whispers, as it leads him to imagine that it refers to something they are afraid or unwilling to communicate to him, and hence, he fatigues himself by endeavoring to ascertain the purport of conversation, or gives way to despondency; on this account, it is better that all talking that is required should be carried on in a moderate tone of voice, and not in whispers, as much less likely to disturb the patient or to excite his attention. In some cases, especially in those of a nervous character, on the contrary, cheerful conversation is of much benefit to the patient, provided it is not continued so long as to fatigue him. A great fault in many nurses is being always in a bustle, " putting things to rights," or u fixing the room," thus constantly disturbing the patient, and preventing him from sleeping; nothing is more annoying to a sick person than this bustle or this constant recurrence of noises, which, however insig- nificant in themselves, render him nervous and impatient, from their repe- tition. Most of these may be prevented b}' an attention to order and method on the part of the nurse. One common source of annoyance to a sick person arises from a frequent opening and shutting of his door, more especially if the lock or hinges are not in good order. In many cases, the door may be kept permanently open, and the patient protected from the light and draught of air by means of a screen. Where t his cannot be done, the door should never be opened, except when it is absolutely required, and it is by all means to be avoided whilst the patient is asleep. One means of avoiding a too frequent opening and shutting of the door is to permit no person to enter the room except such as are required to assist in attendance on the patient. INTRODUCTION. 63 Examination and Preservation of the Excretions. This is of much importance in many cases, as it enables the physician to judge with some degree of certainty of the condition of the patient and of the progress of the disease. It should never be trusted to a nurse, as it is very rarely that their account can be depended upon. In all cases where the physician deems it necessary, the nurse should be directed to preserve the excretions for his inspection ; but they should never be retained in the sick room. Administration of Medicine, etc. However skilful the phj'sician may be, and however judicious his treat- ment, it is rendered perfectly nugatory, if the remedies he orders are not administered according to his directions, as the cure of the patient depends in many cases on the regular application of the prescribed remedies. It is, therefore, the duty of the attendant on the sick to follow implicitly the directions of the physician, as well in exactly complying with his orders, as in doing nothing that she has not been ordered to do. At the same time, there are exceptions to this rule, in which a suspension of the remedy, or a deviation from the order of the physician, is not only allowable, but is absolutely required. Thus, from idiosyncrasy or some other cause, the remedy in the doses ordered may have no effect, or may produce one widely different from that intended or expected. In such cases, it is evident that a strict adherence to the directions of the physician would be productive of evil ; but he should be immediately apprised of the circumstance. Xurses, however, more frequently commit errors in the administration of drinks and nourishment than in that of the prescribed medicines. In the former, they are apt to imagine that they are as good, if not better judges than the physician, and, in consequence, thwart the best directed treatment. The nurse should as scrupulously adhere to the directions of the physician as regards drink and nourishment, as with the doses and times of admin- istration of medicines ; nor should the exhibition of food or drink be left to her discretion more than that of remedies. One error is very common, that of giving them too largely or too fre- quently ; this should be guarded against, as far as possible, by the physician prescribing the quantity and quality of food or drink, as well as the times of giving it, with as much precision as he prescribes doses of medicine and the periods of their exhibition. In fact, in the treatment of the sick, as little as possible should be left to the discretion and judgment of the nurse or attendant of the patient. Furniture of a Sick Room. Where a disease is of a serious character, or appears likely to be protracted, it becomes of importance that the chamber the patient is to occupy, if cir- cumstances will admit of it, should be selected and arranged in such a manner as will most minister to his comfort, and aid his recovery. It should, if possible, be large and aity, with a northern aspect, so as to avoid the glare of the sun ; but, in towns, a room exposed to the sun is preferable to one fronting on the street, in which the patient is constantly disturbed by the noise of passing vehicles, etc. As mentioned under the head of ventilation, it should always be provided with an open chimney, that a due circulation of air may take place. No article of furniture that is not required should be suffered to remain in the room, as the dusting and arranging it will cause unnecessary noise and bustle, annoying to the patient. Two tables are wanted in most cases: one of a small size, to stand by the side of the bed, to hold such articles 64: INTRODUCTION. as are in immediate use, as. the medicines he is taking, the spoon or glass in which they are administered, etc. ; but nothing should be permitted to remain upon it, except articles frequently wanted. The other table, which should be large, and adapted for the reception of medicines not in imme- diate use, such as spare spoons and glasses, should contain a drawer, sup- plied with a roll of old and soft linen, a sponge, scissors, a spatula, a roll of muslin and one of flannel bandage, some lint, some adhesive plaster, a pin- cushion well supplied with pins ; in fact, all such articles as may be needed. It may appear unnecessary to allude to these things ; but it has happened to every medical man, to observe that, without such previous preparation, much of his time is wasted in the search for what is wanted. Where a second table is inconvenient, the top of a chest of drawers can be employed instead, for bottles, glasses, etc. ; and one drawer should be appropriated to the reception of the various articles above enumerated ; another should contain towels, a free supply of which should alwa} T s be at hand ; but none are ever to be used for the reception of dirtied articles of clothing, which should always be at once removed from the room. The washstand should be provided with additional basins, one of which should be of small size ; and a large pitcher of water should be always kept in the room. If there is a looking-glass in the room, it should be placed in such a position as not to be in view of the patient. A large sofa, or a small additional bed, is constantly required, as in certain cases where the patient is unable to sit up, he finds much comfort in being removed to it ; it is also required when his bed is to be made. An invalid or easy chair is also productive of much benefit in certain cases ; and where it can be commanded, it should be of such a construction as will admit of changes, so as to vary the position of the patient at pleasure. What is called a French bedstead, without curtains, is the best adapted to the sick room. The four-post bedstead, when used, should not be furnished with curtains, as these tend to exclude the air, and to retain smells and a vitiated atmosphere. In all cases, a mattress is preferable to a feather-bed ; it may be placed over the latter, when greater softness is required. The pillows should be elastic, but so firm as not to permit the head of the patient to sink in them, as this prevents coolness and a due circulation of air. The bed-coverings should be as light as is consistent with warmth and comfort ; hence, Marseilles quilts should not be used, as from their weight they op- press the patient, without affording as much warmth as a light blanket. The change of bedclothes, and shaking up the bed or mattress, must be regulated by the character of the disease and the condition of the patient. In febrile complaints, it should be done, if the strength of the patient will admit, twice in the twenty-four hours. When there is much restlessness, it will be found advantageous to move him night and morning to a large sofa, or to another bed ; this tends to promote sleep, and to insure a proper airing of the beds. When lie is llnis moved, the clothes of the bed he has left should be turned down and fully exposed to the air, which will render so frequent a change of the sheets less necessary than would otherwise be re- quired. When there is only one bed, and in febrile diseases, the sheets which have been used at night are to be replaced by others in the morning, and freely exposed to (he air during the day, and again used at night. When the patient, is too much debilitated to be moved from bed to bed, he should be merely removed to the Other side of his bed, and the one he has left pro- perly arranged by changing the linen, beating up the bed, etc. ; but these Changes are never to he made whilst, lie is in a perspiration. If a lire in the room is required, it should not be made use of to prepare INTRODUCTION. 65 the food or drinks of the patient ; this should be done elsewhere, as well to avoid the smell emitted by the heated articles, as the noise and bustle caused in their preparation. Proper use of Utensils for Evacuations, etc. As it is of the utmost importance to the patient that he should be spared all unnecessary fatigue, some precautions are to be used to prevent this during his evacuations ; and one of the duties of a nurse is to enable him to perform those offices with the least expenditure of strength. When the patient is feeble, he should never be allowed to rise to fulfil the calls of nature, and, therefore, a bed-pan and urinal should alwaj-s be provided ; by means of these, the evacuations can be performed with ease, and without exertion. Many persons, it is true, have an aversion to using them ; but this difficulty can generally be overcome by a proper representation of their advantages. One of the objections commonly made is that the use of a bed- pan gives them pain in the back ; and this is often the case where the patient is not properly supported ; but can always be prevented by placing a pillow in the hollow of the back, before the pan is used. In the case of giving drinks or nourishment, much unnecessary fatigue may be spared to the patient. Owing to the form of the vessels usually employed to administer drinks, without the sick person is raised in bed to receive them, much of the fluid is apt to be spilt on the bedclothes, to his great discomfort. Hence, a tumbler, teacup, or bowl should never be em- ployed for this purpose, where the patient is too feeble to raise himself with- out inconvenience. The sick cup, as it is called, should therefore be em- ployed for this purpose, as it spares all fatigue, and prevents any spilling of fluid on the patient or on the clothes. When the medicine or food is taken in spoonful quantities, and in cases of nauseous medicines to be administered to children, the medicinal spoon will be found very useful. This is a spoon with a hollow handle, with an opening at its extremity ; the bowl is provided with a hinged lid, but is open at the apex. When a fluid is poured into it, and the lid closed, the pressure of air at the opening at the end of the bowl will prevent any of the fluid escaping, as long as the orifice at the end of the handle is closed, but is projected with some force when this opening is free. By means of this contrivance, medicine or food may be conveniently administered without the patient being obliged to be raised in bed, or in spite of resistance on the part of a child. DOSE OF MEDICINES. The doses of medicinal substances, being specific as regards each other, can only be learned by experience ; but their remedial or active powers do not always increase with an increase of the dose : thus, if a purgative dose of calomel be ten grains, an increased quantity of the medicine will not in- duce an equivalent increase in the purgation, though it ma} 7 cause other consequences. The dose in which a medicine is given often determines its specific action ; two grains of ipecacuanha will usually quiet the stomach, or act as a diaphoretic, whilst thirty will produce active emesis ; and, in like manner, almost every medicine displays different powers, according to the dose in which it is administered. Dr. Paris states " that powerful doses are disposed to produce local rather than general effects." This is proved by experience, in many cases, but does not hold good in all : thus, many of the active poisons cause general effects in both large and small doses, and their virulent action is in general propor- tionate to the quantity taken. In most of what are termed the alterative 5 66 introduction. medicines, however, the alterative action is only displayed when they are administered in small, but long-continued doses, and does not take place when they are taken in such quantities as to excite much local action. It is erroneous to suppose that a medicine is devoid of power, or does not exert an influence on the system, because no marked effect immediately follows its exhibition ; for, as is observed by Dr. Barlow, " it is very possible that prac- titioners often err, especially in the treatment of chronic maladies, from requiring an obvious effect from each dose administered ; where it is ascer- tained that a medicine actually possesses inherent powers, the slow and almost imperceptible exercise of these powers should not be despised. There is often more wisdom in seconding the efforts of nature than in superseding them." In fully admitting the truth of this remark, we are far from advo- cating the doctrine of Hahnemann, or his invisible doses ; nor does it, in fact, accord with his views, for he gives a long catalogue of symptoms, caused by the administration of the minutest quantity of the articles of his materia medica. So many circumstances influence the effects of medicines, that it is almost impossible to say what dose will produce identical effects in different indi- viduals ; but it has been sufficiently ascertained that, in the generality of patients, we may reasonably expect certain results from certain doses. The circumstances that influence the action of medicines, and the doses in which they are to be given, are : — Age. — This exercises much influence; the young require smaller doses of a medicine to produce the desired effect than an adult ; and the aged, al- though less susceptible to impressions than formerly, are unable to bear any forcible shock on their system. Various formulas or tables have been pub- lished for the graduation of doses to the respective ages ; but none of them are as generally adopted as that attributed to Gaubius, which is as follows : — Dose for a person in adult age being 1 drachm or 1. That for a person from 14 to 21 years would be 2 scruples or -§. " 1 to 14 " i drachm or \. " 4 to 7 "1 scruple or ^. " 4 "15 grains or \. " 3 " 10 grains or £. u 2 " 8 grains or |-. " 1 "5 grains or T ^. This table, although mainly correct, is often found to be erroneous, when applied to particular cases. Dr. Paris, in his Pharmacologia, gives a formula devised by I>r. young, which is simple and has been found to be generally correct; this is : — For children under twelve years, the doses of most medicines must be diminished in the proportion of the age, to the age increased by twelve; thus: — At two years to }, viz. : — 2 = . . 2-4-12 7 ' At 21 the full dose to be given. But 110 scheme can be devised, founded on age alone, to which there are not many exceptions. Thus, children require proportionally larger doses of castor oil or calomel to affect them than adults, whilst, and especially when very young, they are exceedingly susceptible to the action of opium and its preparations. Si;x. — It is generally admitted that females require smaller doses of medi- cines than males, and, as a general rule, this may be correct; but so much INTRODUCTION. 67 depends upon habits of life, temperament, etc., that the exceptions are almost as numerous as the examples. Temperament also exercises much influence on the doses of certain arti- cles of the materia meclica ; an individual of a nervous temperament is unable to bear with impunity doses of opium that scarcely act on the phlegmatic ; the sanguineous are readily affected by the action of stimuli, etc. Idiosyncrasy, or constitutional peculiarity, has more influence than either sex or temperament on the action of medicines. Some of these anomalies are very striking, and almost incredible, and evince the necessity of particular inquiries being made by the physician of every patient with whose constitu- tion he is unacquainted. In some cases, opium, or any of its preparations, cannot be administered without producing the most distressing symptoms ; in others, the smallest doses of calomel will cause salivation ; whilst in others again it may be profusely given without inducing any effect on the salivary glands. In some persons, the mere vicinity to the poison oak (JRhiis radicans ) will bring on an unpleasant inflammation of the skin ; whilst on other individuals this plant has no action whatever. It is often found that copaiba will cause a peculiar eruption, and the smell of ipecacuanha induce a distressing dyspnoea. So tartar emetic will be productive of ptj^alism in some individuals even when applied to the surface of the body ; blisters of cantharides will cause strangury in some patients, etc. In fact, these idio- syncrasies are so numerous that it would require a volume to notice in detail those already recorded. Habit exercises an equal influence with idiosyncrasy in modifying the action of medicines. The usual consequence of a long-continued use of any remedial or stimulating substance, is to diminish the susceptibility of the organs on which it acts to its impression. Hence, to obtain its effects, it must be given in gradually increased quantities. In many cases, however, instead of a diminished, an increased action is caused by repetition of certain substances. The influence of habit, in diminishing the susceptibility of the system to stimuli, is liable to fewer exceptions as regards vegetable than mineral sub- stances, as may be daily remarked in the use of opium and tobacco. Dr. Christison accounts for this effect of habit in diminishing the influence of vegetable substances, by an increased power of the stomach in decomposing them ; but it must also be attributed to a diminished susceptibility in the nervous system to their influence. But mineral medicines appear, in almost every case, to act with increased power by repetition, though the converse has been observed in some cases. State of the System. — It is well known that, in certain deviations from a healthy or normal condition, a remarkable change is often observed in the action of remedies on the system. Thus, in severe pain, opium can be ad- ministered in doses that cannot be borne with impunity in a state of health ; but this is still more the case in tetanus, in which scruple doses, frequently repeated, have been administered without producing any marked effects. This modifying influence of disease has been noticed with regard to many other remedies, as in mercury, which can be given in large and repeated doses, in a febrile condition, without causing salivation. Where there is a diminished sensibility of a part, or a comatose condition, the pain, or irrita- tion caused by the application of stimulating or vesicating articles, not being felt by the patient, there is a risk of inducing a sloughing and de- struction of the part to which they are applied, if care be not taken to re- move them in time ; so, also, the application of ammonia to the nostrils, to relieve fainting, has caused violent irritation, and even inflammation of the trachea, the patient being unable, from his condition, of appreciating or 68 INTRODUCTION. expressing his sensation. Dr. Christison notices several fatal cases of bron- chitis from this cause. Time of Day at which medicines are administered also influences their action on the system. As a general rule, no medicine should be given soon after a meal, though, in the case of some of the irritants, as arsenic, corro- sive sublimate, iodine, etc., it is often found most expedient to administer them whilst the stomach is filled with food, to avoid their local action on that organ. Dr. Paris observes, under this head: "Evacuating medicines ouijht to be exhibited late at night, or early in the morning ; thus, sub- stances of tardy operation, as calomel and the resinous purgatives, should be given at night, while saline purgatives, senna, etc., may be given in the morning. It would seem that during sleep the bowels are not so irritable, and, consequent^, not so easily acted upon, which allows time for the full solution of the substance." In all cases, the exhibition of purgatives should be so timed that their operation may take place during the day, so as to avoid an undue disturbance of the patient at night. Other directions will be found in a subsequent part of the work. Numerous other cases exercise much influence on the action of medicines, as climate, the imagination of the patient, the tissue or organ to which they are applied, etc. Nor should the variable activity of a medicine be overlooked ; this has occasioned more accidents than is generally supposed. Some remedies, and generally those of a vegetable nature, lose much of their activity by age, and, therefore, require to be given in large doses to produce the desired effect ; hence, where a physician has been induced to increase the usual dose of some article, which in a recent or unaltered state is active, and even poisonous, but, from age or other deteriorating cause, has become weakened, serious accidents may occur, if he persists in administering the same doses of a parcel which is fresh, or which is obtained from another apothecaiy. In such cases, the safest plan is always to commence with the usual dose of the medicine, and to gradually increase it, if this be found necessary. It should also be borne in mind that certain medicines have the power of accumulating in the system, or in other words, of not displaying their usual effects when given in small and repeated doses, until a certain quantity has been taken, when, on a sudden, symptoms resembling those caused by an overdose of the article, make their appearance. This has been remarked in relation to mercury, arsenic, and several other of the metallic medicines, as well :is iodine, digitalis, etc. In giving remedies of this character, the phy- sician should always be cautious, and not repeat the dose of them too fre- quently, because no sensible effect is produced at the expected time. Intervals between Doses. — As every medicine produces a specific and definite action on the system, which, in most cases, continues for a certain time, and then ceases, it becomes necessary to renew or maintain the med- icinal impression as long as is required to counteract the morbid condition of lli<- system. In some cases, however, as in the case of an emetic or purg- ative given Ibr the purpose of merely evacuating the stomach and bowels, the single effect produced may be sufficient, and no repetition of the dose is required. In most attacks of disease, on the other hand, the physician is obliged to prescribe medicines in such quantities as to produce a certain im- pression, and to repeat the; (loses at such intervals as will keep up the influ- ence of tliis impression. Where, from a want of knowledge of the time during which the remedy he lias administered will continue to exercise its full act ion on 1 lie system, he postpones a repetition of it for too long a period, although a fresh impression is made by each dose, but little real good is the result, and, from a want, of continuity in the remedial impression, no progress is made towards a cure. Hence, a physician should be acquainted with the INTRODUCTION". 69 usual duration of the action of the medicine he is administering, and order a repetition of the doses so as to keep the system under its influence. A nurse should, therefore, in all cases, follow his directions implicitly, as regards the periods at which medicines are to be given, for, by inattention to this rule, injustice is done to the physician, and, what is of more importance, the life of the patient is endangered. Where the diffusible stimulants are admin- istered, especially those of an evanescent character, it is of much consequence that their influence should be kept up ; and hence a neglect on the part of a nurse in giving them at the prescribed periods might cause a fatal collapse of the patient. It should be observed, however, that, except in cases where it is necessary thus to maintain the vital powers of a patient, this strict ob- servance of the prescribed intervals between the doses of medicines is not intended to extend to the night, so as to disturb the invalid, as, in most dis- eases, sleep is one of the best restoratives; but advantage is to be taken of those moments when he is awake, timing the doses as nearly as possible to the designated periods. Rules for the Administration of Medicines. — As has been stated, fluid medicines are usually administered in drops, teaspoonfuls, tablespoon- fuls, etc. — an approximate measurement, which, although not precise or accurate, is sufficiently so in most cases, though not suited to medicines of a very active nature. As the generality of medicines are nauseous, it is neces- sary to modify, as far as possible, their disagreeable taste, which renders them so repugnant to patients, and often causes much difficulty in their administration, especially to children ; but this modification must not be of such a character as to alter their properties. As regards young children, much difficulty will be obviated by the use of the medicine-spoon already described ; this will also be found useful in cases of insanity, where patients refuse to take medicine or nourishment. It is often found that patients experience much difficulty in swallowing pills, especially when these are of small size. The usual mode is to place the pill on the tongue, and to take a mouthful of water, when, on making an effort to swallow, both pass down the throat together ; this plan is generally successful ; but some persons appear to be unable to take a pill in this man- ner, and gorge themselves with fluid without effecting the deglutition of the pilular body; in such cases, by enveloping the pill in some bread, or some conserve or sweetmeat, so as to form a bolus, the difficulty is obviated. Mixtures containing insoluble ingredients should always be shaken up before they are administered ; otherwise, the first doses will contain but little of the active ingredients, whilst the last portions will, on the other hand, be more powerful than was intended. Where the article administered is of a volatile nature, it should be given the moment it is poured out, and the bottle containing the remainder immediately closed. As each of the classes of medicinal articles requires the observance of certain rules to insure its full benefit, these will be briefly noticed in an alphabetical order. Acids. — These are given to fulfil various indications ; some acting as tonics, some as refrigerants, etc. As those most generally used are corrosive, they require to be diluted with some bland fluid, so as not to exercise too powerful a local action on the tissues with which they come in contact ; nor should they be kept in a metallic vessel, nor given by means of a metal spoon. As most of them act on the enamel of the teeth in a very rapid and energetic manner, the mouth should be well rinsed with water after the ad- ministration of each dose ; or they may be taken by being sucked up by means of a small glass tube, thus avoiding any contact with the teeth : this observation applies to many of the acid or super-salts ; the usual solution of the sulphate of quinia, which contains free sulphuric acid, is known to act 70 INTRODUCTION. on the teeth very rapidly, and, from a constant repetition of the doses, to injure them in a serious manner ; and hence requires to be given with precaution. Antacids are medicines intended to neutralize an undue or morbid acidity of the stomach or intestines. Their action is chemical, and they produce an innoxious compound which takes the place of the morbid fluid that causes the uneasiness or pain. In many cases, they act most efficaciously, when an emetic or cathartic has been previously administered. To obtain a perma- nent benefit from them, they should be combined with tonics, aromatics, etc. ; as, when given alone, the relief afforded by them is but transient. They are most advantageously administered early in the morning, or some time previous to a meal during the day. When the salt resulting from the union of the antacid and the morbid acid is purgative, the former is better given at bedtime ; thus, the combination of the solution of potassa, of the carbonates of potassium and sodium, or of magnesium, forms salts with the gastric acid that act with some energy on the bowels ; but this is not the case with chalk mixture or lime-water. The patient should be restricted to light animal food and well boiled vege- tables, avoiding sweets, acids, pastry, and, in fact, everything liable to increase the acescent condition of the stomach. Antilitiiics and Lithontriptics are medicines supposed to possess the power of obviating or dissolving urinary calculi. That there are remedial agents capable of removing or relieving that morbid condition of the system on which a lithic acid diathesis depends, there can be no doubt ; but it is very questionable if we possess remedies capable of dissolving calculi existing in the urinary organs. Among the antilithic remedies, those most generally employed are magnesia and its salts, the alkalies, soap, several of the acids, some astringent diuretics, many bitter tonics, etc. In cases of a lithic acid diathesis, however, much depends on the regulation of the diet of the patient; thus, when there is a superabundant secretion of uric acid, the food should contain as little azote as possible, and, therefore, be mainly of a vegetable nature ; but, at the same time, care must be taken that the healthy action of the stomach is not impaired. There should be an avoidance of all indigest- ible substances, as fresh bread, past^, salt meats, and even soups of all kinds ; nor should malt liquors or acid wines be allowed. Where the white sand deposits or the phosphates occur, an acid system of diet is beneficial, with abstinence from all alkalies, soda-water, etc. ; whilst lemonade, the acid wines, and fruits in moderation can be allowed with advantage. Antispasmodics are remedies which have been considered to be endowed vilh the power of allaying spasms, and of calming or entirely removing irregular actions of the nervous s}^stem. As spasmodic action of the mus- cular apparatus and a morbid condition of the nervous centres may arise from a variety of causes, it has been found that the most opposite modes of treatment have been required; thus, in some cases, the most efficient anti- spasmodic is the Lancet, whilst in others the morbid symptoms are best alleviated by the most active diffusible stimuli. It is not our intention to enter into the discussion of the mooted question of the modus operandi of antispasmodics, or whether there exists a class of remedies which are endowed with the power of exerting a direct control over spasmodic action. It is however, shown by experience that the influence of this class of reme- dial agents is very limited in their operation and very various in their effects, and th.ii t0 be efficient much discrimination is requisite on the part of the physician in the selection of the article best calculated to attain the desired (licet. In general, what are termed antispasmodics have some of the pro- perties of the narcotics, but differ from them in not causing stupor or insen- hibilitj-. They are mostly substances possessed of a strong odor, and of a INTRODUCTION. 71 more or less volatile nature ; and hence also partake of the properties of stimulants. Anthelmintics are medicines which are capable of expelling or destroying worms situated in the intestinal canal. Several kinds of worms are apt to infest the human intestines, and often give rise to distressing and even fatal symptoms. The medicines calculated to dislodge them are of various kinds ; some act mechanically, as active purgatives, powder of tin, cowhage, etc. ; some Iry being poisonous to the worms, as pink root, pomegranate bark, the vegetable bitters, etc. ; and to this class belong, in all probability, the acrid, volatile, and resinous vermifuges, as turpentine, camphor, garlic, etc. ; and the mineral remedies, as calomel, the preparations of iron, sulphur, etc. ; some seem to act by asphyxiating the worms, as the fatty oils, the muci- lages, etc. Vermifuge medicines should be given in as simple a form as possible, and in as large doses as is compatible with their nature, and the age and con- dition of the patient ; and hence the plan of administering them in the form of lozenges, biscuits, etc., is erroneous. One of the most certain of these remedies is the pink root (spigelia), either in the form of simple infusion, or united with senna or savin ; in the first case, it should be followed by the administration of a brisk cathartic. In consequence of its sometimes causing temporary loss of sight, tremors, etc., which, although seldom dangerous, are apt to frighten the relations and friends of the patient, it is better, espe- cially in cases of children, to administer the infusion in the evening, so that its effects may not be observed. The worm-seed oil is also another native anthelmintic of great power, but has the objection of having so disagreeable an odor and taste as to prevent its general use ; the least unpleasant mode of giving it is in emulsion with mint or cinnamon water. Whatever vermifuge is employed, and whatever success attends its admin- istration, the treatment should not be confined to the mere expulsion of the worms ; but the condition of the stomach and bowels should be attended to, and their tone rendered healthy by the use of tonics, and a well-directed and generous diet. Cathartics are those medicines which increase in a greater or less degree the peristaltic action of the intestines. Cathartics have been divided into laxatives, which are characterized by acting mildly, without stimulating in any great degree the vessels of the intestines, or exciting a general disturb- ance of the system ; and purgatives, which, in addition to evacuating the contents of the bowels, also promote secretions from their mucous coat, giving rise to copious watery stools. Some purgatives have a more violent action, occasioning nausea, faintness, pain, tenesmus, etc. ; and some, acting in an overdose as acrid poisons, cause great irritation, and even inflamma- tion of the intestines. But there is another and important character in the action of purgatives, which is that different portions of the intestinal canal are most affected by different cathartic substances ; thus, calomel acts, in a marked manner, on the upper portions of the tube, as is shown by the in- crease of the biliary matters in the evacuations ; gamboge also manifests its power on the stomach by often causing vomiting, but also, like the other drastics, causes much irritation in the large intestines ; aloes, again, exerts very little action on the upper part of the canal, but spends its force on the lower portion ; in fact, each purgative substance is characterized by a pecu- liarity of action as regards the part of the intestinal canal affected by it, and the nature of the evacuation it produces ; and hence, it is of importance, in prescribing an article of this class, that it be suited to the impression wished to be made, and not, as is too frequently the case, selected at random. No class of remedies has been productive of more injury than the present, from their being resorted to without judgment, and from being persevered in for 72 INTRODUCTION. too long a time ; for, independent of the irritation they create and keep np in the bowels, they impair digestion, and too often lay the foundation of fatal organic diseases. Purgative medicines may be exhibited at any period during the da}- ; but in all cases the patient should not be exposed to the influence of cold air ; if, however, the circumstances are not urgent, it is better to administer them late at night or early in the morning, so as to pre- vent the disturbance and loss of rest to the patient, and also to secure their retention by the stomach ; when given on an empty stomach, they also act more speedily and effectually than when this viscus is filled with food. To promote their action, and to obviate their griping effect, warm diluents, as chicken water, gruel, etc., should be freely taken after the first discharge. Where they operate too much, this inordinate action is to be checked by laudanum given by the mouth, or in the form of injections. Many of these medicines are very nauseous, and so repugnant to the patient as to induce nausea and vomiting, and, therefore, require the addition of correctives. The taste of rhubarb is best disguised by being given in milk, and that of castor oil by the froth of porter. The disagreeable taste of infusion of senna is much lessened if made with cold water, or, if made in the usual manner, by the addition of strong coffee, black tea, or by a few grains of cream of tartar. Aloes is rendered more palatable by the addition of extract of liquorice. Magnesia is mixed more perfectly with water or milk, if it is poured on the surface of the fluid, and permitted to sink as it becomes saturated, than by the opposite course. The neutral salts are rendered more palatable by adding a small portion of lemon-juice to their solution, etc. When a cathartic is given in the form of pill, its operation is always less speedy than when administered in powder or mixture ; and it should be borne in mind that the drastic purgatives operate more mildly, and even effectually, in combination than when given alone, as is instanced in the compound ca- thartic pill. Enemata or Clysters. — This mode of purgation is now generally employed in our large towns ; but a great prejudice exists among many persons against its use, from a fastidious and mistaken delicacy. In consequence of the improved apparatus now to be procured, the administration of these reme- dies is attended with much less difficulty and exposure than formerly, when the pipe and bag or common syringe were employed ; and, therefore, much of the objection to their use is obviated. Clysters are of almost indispensable utility when it is necessary to evacu- ate the bowels as speedily as possible, or when the stomach will not bear the administration of a purgative by the mouth, and also in cases where it is of importance to make a direct application to the lower bowels, as in dysentery, colic, etc. Where it is merely wished to open the bowels, an injection of tepid water will often be found sufficient; where this is not found sufficient, the addition of table-salt, sweet-oil, or molasses, will, in most cases, induce ;i full discharge. In all cases the patient should be directed to retain the injection for as long a lime as possible, and not to attempt to empty his bowels immediately after the reception of the medicine. Though clysters seldom cm be foreed beyond the great curve of the colon, and hence their local action is confined to the lower part of the bowels, still, in many cases, their purgative influence extends to the small intestines, and their adminis- li.it ion is followed by full and copious evacuations. They are also directed for other purposes than evacuating the bowels, for, from the intimate con- nection of the rectum with the other pelvic viscera, impressions made upon it are speedily transmitted to the adjoining parts, and hence, remedies can be directed by 1 li is elm nnel wit 1) much advantage. In irritation of the bladder or uterus, an anodyne injection into the rectum will often afford much relief. INTRODUCTION". 73 In diseases of the lower bowels, also, clysters are of almost indispensable utility, as also in the dislodgment of ascarides seated in the rectum; nor are the} T less beneficial in those cases of sudden sinking of the powers of life where deglutition is impossible, and yet a prompt stimulating impression is requisite to save the patient ; under such circumstances, clysters of some of the diffusible stimuli have proved of the greatest benefit. Suppositories. — These are substances introduced into the rectum to induce a discharge of its contents. Their use is to some extent confined to the mere object of relieving costiveness, for which purpose a piece of soap of a conical shape, and of about an inch in length, may be employed ; but in some cases, articles of a more stimulating character are necessary. In cases of costiveness in children, the introduction of the end of a small roll of paper, moistened with oil, for a few moments into the rectum, will, in many cases, be found sufficient. Recently, however, suppositories are more extensively used to act locally, or with the view of the gradual absorp- tion of the medicinal substance. The former objection, that they frequently create irritation in the rectum, is, as far as their basis at the present time used is concerned, entirely obviated. Their mode of preparation and the apparatus used in making them will be fully described in the chapter on offi- cinal preparations and directions, in another part of this volume. In all cases where enemata or suppositories are employed, they must be introduced with care; otherwise serious injury may be done to the mucous coat of the rectum ; instances have occurred where, from a careless inser- tion of the pipe of a syringe, the gut has been seriously affected, giving rise to fistula, etc. In most cases, the injection for a child under one year is about an ounce, which is to be gradually increased to five or six ounces, as it advances in age ; to a youth, from ten to fifteen years old, a pint may be given; whilst an adult requires a pint and a half to a quart. Where, however, the injection is of an anodyne nature, to restrain discharges or to alleviate pain, the laudanum should be mixed with not more than half an ounce to an ounce of bland mucilage, so as not to excite contraction of the bowels by the stimulus of quantity. Demulcents or Emollients are medicinal agents which diminish tone or irritation in the tissues to which they are applied, and thereby cause a relaxation of the parts, or sheathe and protect them from the action of substances capable of acting on them injuriously. The term Emollients is generally employed to designate remedies which are applied externally to soften and relax external surfaces, and, by conti- guous sympathy, the deeper seated parts ; these effects have been referred by some to a physical, and by others to a vital, agency. They consist prin- cipally of bland watery mixtures, or of simple water, at a somewhat elevated temperature, of oleaginous substances, or those combined in various forms, as fomentations, poultices, etc., which will be more particularly noticed in a subsequent part of the work. Demulcents are bland substances of various kinds, administered internally, to prevent the action of irritating matters on mucous membranes, or to soothe or lubricate these parts when irritated or inflamed. They are useful in irritation and inflammation of the stomach and bowels, in like condi- tions of the air-passages and lungs, as well as in affections of the urinary apparatus. When prescribed in cases of catarrh, and other morbid condi- tions of the respiratory organs, they are usually directed to be taken ad libitum; but they should be swallowed slowly, for their main efficacy arises from their lubricating effect on the parts with which they come in contact ; and this soothing influence is extended by sympathy to the bronchial mem- branes and pulmonic structure. They should be taken after a fit of coughing, for, as, by that spasmodic effort, the acrid secretion of the inflamed mucous 74 INTRODUCTION. surface is thrown off, the}- are enabled to come in direct contact with the irritated part, and thus exercise their soothing influence more efficiently. Diaphoretics are those medicinal agents which promote and increase cutaneous transpiration. These articles are numerous, and of a very hetero- geneous character. In general, warm diluents, aided by external heat, are very effectual means of promoting perspiration ; whilst, in some cases, this excretion is better promoted by the use of cool liquids, or even by the sud- den and temporary application of cold to the surface. They are in almost every case relative agents ; and, to produce the desired effect, should be given. in certain states of the system, and with certain precautions. Thus, during the exhibition of these remedies, the patient should be confined to bed, and covered with light blankets ; his shirt should be of flannel or muslin, as these are good non-conductors of heat. Their action is much promoted by the free use of diluents, given either warm or cold, according to the temperature of the patient's skin. During the continuance of the perspiration, great care should be taken that it is not suddenly checked from any cause. When it is wished to moderate the sweating, the patient may be removed to another bed, covered with a warm blanket, his clothes changed, and his body dried with dry towels, care being taken that he is not exposed to cold air. During the exhibition of diaphoretics, no medicines of a purgative or diuretic character should be administered, as the action of the latter is incompatible with that of the former, besides causing a frequent exposure to cold during their operation. Diluents are water}- fluids which increase the fluidity of the blood, and render the secretions and excretions less acrid or viscid. The best diluent is water, which is to be given either alone or variously flavored, according to the taste of the patient or the circumstances of the case. The temperature at which a diluent is given has much influence on its action. Thus, water at 60° or 70° F. merely dilutes; whilst at 45° to 60° it acts somewhat as a tonic, and at 70°, and to as high a temperature as it can be drunk, it is stimulant. Merely tepid water will often act as an emetic, whilst at 90° or 100° it will quiet the stomach and relieve nausea. In a cool or cold state, diluents diminish the temperature of the body and moderate an undue excite- ment of the pulse, and are hence called refrigerants or temperants, and prin- cipally consist of aqueous solutions of many of the acids, or of some of the neutral salts. Diuretics are medicines which increase or promote the secretion of urine : this they do by increasing the quantity of fluid taken into the stomach, or by stimulating the kidneys to increased action. They are always inconstant in their effects, and cannot be relied upon to produce the desired effect in all cases. To obtain their effect, the surface of the patient's body should be kept cool; otherwise, they are apt to operate as diaphoretics. Hence, the patient should remain out of bed, and the medicine be administered during the daytime; or, if confined to bed, the clothing should be as light as is compatible with comfort. The action of diuretics is much aided by a free use of the cooling diluents. Ivmktics :nc those medicines which invert the natural action of the stomach, so as to cause an ejection of its contents through the mouth, or vomiting. When the patient is plethoric, bloodletting should always precede the admin- istration of an emetic, as it not only promotes its operation, but prevents any injurious rush of blood to the head. When it is required, a full dose of the emetic substance is to be administered; but, in the generality of cases, it is better to give it in divided doses, frequently repeated, until the desired effect is produced. It often happens, when a physician orders an emetic, that he will he asked not to give a strong one, as the patient is too weak, etc. ; but it should be known that, unless the medicine causes full vomiting, it will INTRODUCTION. 75 create more uneasiness and debility than when it acts in the desired manner. When vomiting takes place, it should be encouraged by draughts of tepid water or weak chamomile tea, to be repeated after each discharge ; but the use of these fluids is not to be carried too far, because, when the stomach is gorged with liquids, the action of vomiting is often not fully performed, or is wholl} T checked. When the operation of an emetic is too violent, the best means of checking it is by the administration of laudanum, or the applica- tion of fomentations or warm poultices to the epigastrium ; if these fail, a spice plaster or a sinapism to the same part will generally be found effectual. If the stomach continues irritable, drink, food, or medicine is to be given in very small quantities. There is always much thirst, which patients are very apt to endeavor to alleviate by freely taking some fluid ; but this in most cases being rejected, the evil is only increased ; the best plan to relieve it is to frequently wash the mouth with some cool drink, swallowing as little as possible. When the stomach is inactive, and a full dose of an emetic sub- stance does not cause vomiting, it is alwaj^s unsafe to repeat the dose, as by such a course inflammation may be produced. When the stomach thus resists the action of one article, carried to a due extent, it is better to have recourse to another, or to endeavor to produce emesis by titillating the fauces and throat by means of a feather. Emetics should alwaj^s be given at the time ordered by the plrysician, and, as a general rule, on an empty stomach, in the morning ; but it is sometimes of benefit to administer them in the evening, as, from the exhaustion produced by their operation, a disposition to sleep is caused. Emmenagogues are medicines which excite or promote the catamenial discharge ; but there are, strictly speaking, few remedies which have this specific power on the uterus, the majority of them acting by their influence on the system generally, or on parts contiguous to the uterus — ergot being almost the only article which exercises a direct power on this organ, and that rather in increasing its expulsive energy than in promoting the men- strual function, though it has been advantageously emp^ed for the latter purpose. To insure the successful administration of this class of remedial agents, the system must be previously prepared for their use by invigorating it, if there are relaxation and debility ; and by an opposite course, if there is an undue degree of arterial action. In a majority of cases, the restora- tion of the discharge is rather attributable to a proper regulation of the system than to any specific power in the emmenagogue administered. Epispastics are external applications which are capable of inflaming the skin, and causing an effusion of serum beneath the cuticle. These effects can be produced by a variety of means ; but that most generally employed is the Spanish fly, or cantharides. The mode of applying a blister, and of dressing the sore it occasions, is very simple ; but, without special directions from the physician, many nurses and attendants on the sick are strangely ignorant on the subject. The best preparation of cantharides for blistering purposes is the cerate of Spanish flies, or common blistering plaster , this will alwaj^s be found effectual, if properly prepared and of good materials. It is best spread on soft leather, though linen, muslin, or even stout paper will answer. To obtain a prompt action from a blister, it should be spread thick ; powdered flies should not be sprinkled on its surface, for, if the plaster is well made it requires no such addition ; added to which, the powder is apt to adhere to the skin and to give the patient much uneasiness. Before ap- plying a blister, the part on which it is to be placed should be well washed with soap and water, and thoroughly dried, the hair shaved off, and the skin irritated by being rubbed with a coarse towel, or, if this is not sufficient, with warm vinegar, spirits of turpentine, etc. The plaster is to be secured to the part by means of a bandage ; or, what is better, by means of strips of adhesive 76 INTRODUCTION. plaster, or by coating the margin of the leather or cloth on which the blister is spread with the adhesive plaster. Whenever either of the last modes of securing a blister is resorted to, it is necessary, to secure its adhesion, that the skin be perfectly dry. The plaster should be in perfect contact with the skin ; but should not, as is too often the case, be subjected to much pressure, for this retards vesication, and is a source of uneasiness to the patient. The period generally required for a blister to draw is twelve hours; but this is liable to many exceptions : thus, for children, delicate females, and for persons with tender skins, a much shorter time is sufficient. The best plan, when the patient complains of pain and burning, is to lift the corner of the plaster and examine the condition of the skin beneath, and, if it be found vesicated or fully reddened, to remove the blister; or, if the skin is not sufficiently inflamed, to permit the blister to remain till this result is attained. When the skin is sufficiently reddened, but not vesicated, the ap- plication of a warm poultice, or of a dressing of basilicon ointment, will cause a copious effusion of serum. In cases of children and irritable per- sons, or those liable to strangury, this should always be done. To guard against this latter, it has been advised to interpose a piece of gauze, fine muslin, or tissue paper between the skin and the plaster: these should be moistened with oil. It is very doubtful, however, whether this plan is of any real advantage. In many persons, the action of a blister disposes to sleep ; but in very sensitive individuals it causes much irritation ; this may be often obviated by the addition of a few grains of extract of hyoscyamus, or of belladonna, to the plaster. When it is requisite to cause a blister as rapidly as possible, the plaster of Spanish flies must be replaced by other means. In such cases paper moistened with oil of cantharides, or with the ethereal extract, will be found useful. The application of a pledget, wet with water of am- monia, will also act very rapidly. When a still more rapid effect is desired, the direct application of heat to the part may be resorted to, by means of a disk of polished metal, heated in boiling water, or by applying a piece of wet blotting paper to the skin, and passing a hot flatiron over it. Some persons have a great dread of blisters, and object to the application of a large one ; but, when the full effect of blistering is required, a large one should always be applied, for the pain and irritation caused by a large blister are x^ry little greater than a small one occasions, whilst the benefit is more decided. Still, as the quantity of the discharge is in a great measure equiva- lent to the size of the vesication, large blisters depress more than small ones; therefore, when they are intended merely as counter-irritants, small blisters are to l>e preferred. The size and shape of blisters vary greatly, according to the part to which they are to be applied, and the age of the patient. Dr. Deuces gives the following as the general size of blisters : — For the legs or thighs, from 1 to 8 inches long by 3 to 3J broad. For the back, from 7 to 8 inches long by 4 to 4J broad. For the thorax, from 8 to 9 inches long by 7 to 8 broad. For the Stomach, from 8 to ( .) inches long by G to 7 broad. For the abdomen, from 10 to 11 inches long by 8 to 10 broad, if designed i.) cover the whole surface. For I he ears, from the peculiarity of the shape, the size cannot well be defined. For the temples, from an inch to an inch and a half in diameter ; they are usually circular. These are the sizes for adults ; for younger persons they must, of course, be proporl ionably smaller. The dressing of a blister requires some skill on the part of a nurse ; and much pain and Inconvenience will be saved to the patient by the exercise of INTRODUCTION. 77 a little dexterity in the operation. Some trouble will be avoided by having everything necessary for the operation in readiness, as the plasters spread, bandages ready, etc. Each of the vesicles is to be carefully snipped, with the points of a pair of sharp scissors, at their most depending part, and the serum evacuated ; but when the vesications are very small and numerous, this should not be attempted, as it would occasion unnecessary fatigue to the patient. In such case, the larger vesicles only are to be opened, and the smaller left till a subsequent dressing, when it is probable they will be found much increased in size. The cuticle should not be removed from the surface of the blistered part, except when it is wished to keep up a continued dis- charge, in which case the cuticle is best removed by the application of a hot poultice. When it is wished to heal the blistered surface, the dressing should be of simple cerate thinly spread on a linen rag and renewed twice a day. When the object is to maintain the discharge for a short time, the dressing should consist of basilicon ointment. W T hen a more permanent impression is desired, some more stimulating application, as savin ointment, must be used. A blistered surface should seldom be washed, as this often causes chilliness and fatigue, and is generally useless. Some persons become faint when a blister is dressed for the first time : this should not excite alarm, as it is a mere sympathetic effect. The plaster for the dressings should not be larger than the blistered surface, as it causes irritation of the sound skin without aiding the discharge. Blisters sometimes, instead of healing pro- perly, become painful and inflamed, and assume the appearance of an eroding or a phagedenic sore ; this is best remedied by the application of a soft bread and milk poultice, having its surface anointed with fresh lard or cold cream. If this does not succeed, a lotion of lime-water and linseed oil will often be found effectual ; oxide of zinc ointment will likewise prove useful in some cases. When a blistered surface causes much itching and renders the patient restless, washing the irritated surface with an infusion of flaxseed or slippery elm will, in most cases, relieve the uneasiness. One of the most distressing consequences arising from the application of a blister, is the pro- duction of strangury, which invariably takes place in some persons when- ever a blister is used ; this is remedied by a free exhibition of emollient and mucilaginous diluents, opiates by the mouth and as an enema, external fomentations to the pubic region, etc. ; in some cases, a clyster of solution of sulphate of sodium will act very efficaciously. To prevent its occurrence, it has been found of benefit to incorporate camphor and opium with the epispastic ointment, say twelve grains of the former and four of the latter, for a blister six inches square. It is said that boiling the flies in water, previous to their formation into an ointment, will deprive them of the pro- perty of causing strangury. Errhines are medicines which, snuffed up the nostrils, cause an increased discharge of the nasal mucus, and generally the convulsive action of sneez- ing. They are now seldom prescribed, though undoubtedly useful in some cases ; but they should never be employed in persons disposed to apoplexy, or in those affected with hernia, prolapsus uteri, etc. Escharotics are topical agents, which, by a chemical or mechanical action, are Capable of eroding or disorganizing the solid tissues of the part to which they are applied ; those which act mechanically are actual cauteries, as a heated iron, moxa, etc. ; those which act chemically are caustics, as fused potassa, nitrate of silver, and chloride of zinc. In cauterizing with a heated iron, this should be at a white heat, as, at this temperature, it occasions less pain to the patient, from its causing an immediate death of the part to which it is applied. In applying it to any part, the surface should be protected by some non-conductor of heat, but not by wet paper or cloth, as the sudden extrication of steam will produce a blistered surface around the burn, and 78 INTRODUCTION. will much increase the pain. The hot iron is rarely employed in this country, except to arrest hemorrhage; in leech bites, where the usual means of stop- ping the bleeding are ineffectual, the application of the end of a heated wire to the wound will, in most cases, be found effectual. Another mode of apply- ing the actual cautery is by means of moxa. This term is used for a small cone or cylinder of some slowly burning substance, applied to the skin, set fire to, and suffered to burn slowly for a length of time proportionate to the effect intended to be produced ; this is a very painful operation, and seldom employed in the United States. The chemical cauterants are numerous, and of various degrees of activity. In using the most powerful of them, caustic potassa, some precautions are necessary, owing to its great deliquescence; when it is employed to form an issue, layers of adhesive plaster should be placed on the skin, with a hole of the proper size cut in their centre, through which the caustic can be applied without danger of its spreading. The chloride of zinc, which is an excellent cauterant, is generally emplo c yed by forming it into a paste with flour. The chloride of antimon} r , though very powerful, from being a fluid, is difficult to manage, but has been advanta- geously used in cases of poisoned wounds. Expectorants are medicines which promote the expulsion of mucus or other matters from the air-passages. It is an ill-defined class of remedies, and is extremely uncertain in its action ; but we cannot, in this place, ex- amine the propriety of retaining a division of the materia medica, the articles composing which act in an obscure and by no means regular manner, and in almost all cases by a remote or secondary influence of a nauseating or seda- tive character. At the same time, daily experience proves that much benefit is derived, in diseases of the respiratory organs, from the administration of substances which are usually considered expectorants, in whatever way they may primarily act on the system. No class of remedies has been more pro- ductive of injury than that of so-called cough medicines ; nor in any one has quackery exercised a more unbounded sway. It is too common for persons to resort to their use in cough and catarrh without consulting a physician, thus often aggravating a trifling irritation until it becomes a serious, and oftentimes a fatal, inflammation ; for, as many of the articles composing them, especially those most frequently employed in domestic and empirical practice, are stimulants, much mischief is apt to follow their indiscriminate use. The following rules should be observed in the exhibition of expecto- rants — and should always be enforced on the patient. The surface of the body should be kept moderately warm, so as to promote a gentle diaphoresis, and nothing done that may interfere with the primary operation of the remedy on the nervous, lymphatic, or muscular systems, by the secondary effect of which the lungs are benefited; hence, the use of any that excite diuresis, and more especially of purging, should be avoided; nor should the patient be allowed to indulge his appetite in food or drinks of a stimulating character. Narcotics are medicines which lessen the manifestation of vital phenomena dependent upon the nervous system, especially deadening sensibility and diminishing the motor power: their full operations produce sleep, or even coma. The objects most generally in view in the administration of these articles are the production of sleep, or the alleviation of pain. No medicines are BO much modified in their action by idiosyncrasy and habit. This does not, extend to them as a class, but to each individually; hence, it is of im- portance that, a physician should ascertain from a patient, before prescribing a narcotic, whether he has been long or frequently in the habit of using it, Or whether it causes any unpleasant effects upon him, so that some other article of t he class may he sulisl it uted. As regards the time at which a narcol lc should !>e given, it. depends upon the cause for which it is to be ad- ministered. Thus, if prescribed to allay pain, it may be given at any time, IXTEODUCTION". 79 and repeated as long as the pain remains ; if to procure sleep, it is best given at night, and so late as to prevent the patient from being disturbed before it produces its full effect ; otherwise, it is apt to exercise a stimulating action. In many persons, the secondary effect of opium is to cause much nausea and headache after its narcotic action has ceased, which are best re- lieved by a cup of strong coffee, or by vegetable acids. When, however, this or any other narcotic produces these consequences, its use should be relinquished, and some other substituted. Refrigerants are remedies which are supposed to diminish the heat of the body without causing a marked diminution of sensibility or nervous energy, and they are thought to do this, whether administered internally or applied externally ; but it is very doubtful whether any medicines act as in- ternal refrigerants independently of the coldness of the medium in which they are administered, except in a secondary manner. Diaphoretics act as refrigerants by inducing an increase of superficial evaporation ; sedatives, by lessening the force and rapidity of the circulation ; purgatives, and especially the saline, by the copious watery evacuations they produce. The great re- frigerant is cold water, whether applied topically or given internally. As a topical application, it is often mixed with fluids of greater volatility, that, by a more rapid evaporation, a proportionate abstraction of heat may take place. Sedatives are those remedial agents which diminish muscular tonicity, and the manifestation of nervous influence, even to the production of sjm- cope, or a suspension, for a certain time, of the functions of the systems affected. Some act generally ; others more locally. Bloodletting and tartar emetic are examples of the first ; hydrocyanic acid, of the second. Most of the articles of this class are capable, if given in too large doses, or too long continued, of producing a depression of the vital powers which may induce death ; and hence require to be administered with much care and judgment. Sialagogues are medicines which induce an increased secretion from the salivary glands. The modes in which the articles composing this class act are various. Some are merely local irritants, as pellitory, horseradish, etc. ; and, when chewed, produce such a local stimulation of the salivary glands as to produce a copious effusion of saliva and mucus. Another and more important section includes such articles as evince their sialagogue powers in a secondary manner, which does not take place until a powerful impression has been made on the system generally ; to this belong mercury, gold, etc., and their preparations. In the first of these divisions, their medicinal powers depend wholly on sialagogue effects ; hence, they are merely useful as counter-irritants ; the local stimulation, and consequent increased secre- tion produced by their action, often acting advantageously in relieving in- flammations and congestions of adjoining parts. The curative value of internal sialagogues, however, is not dependent on the salivary flow they occasion, for though, in many cases, this may be very great, yet it is not essential to their remedial action, and may, in fact, rather be considered as a proof that their full constitutional influence has been attained. In administering mercury with a view to the production of its constitu- tional effect, it should always be recollected that, if it be permitted to exert its sialagogue powers to any great extent, it always causes great distress to the patient, without producing a beneficial effect on the disease ; and its ope- ration should, therefore, be closely watched. The condition of the gums should be examined daily, and, as soon as they display evidence of the action of the remedy, it should be discontinued, or given at longer intervals. The constitution of the patient should be sedulously attended to, as mercurials are apt to produce unpleasant consequences in delicate, nervous individuals, and are badly bcrne by the aged, who have suffered from previous attacks of 80 INTRODUCTION. illness. It is always dangerous to push them to salivation in children, as it frequently produces sloughing of the gums and cheeks. When too great a degree of salivation has been induced by the mercurials, it is of importance to check it as speedily as possible. This is to be attempted by cool air, and by washing the mouth with an infusion of some vegetable astringent, a solu- tion of opium, or one of acetate of lead ; this latter is very efficacious, but has the property of rendering the teeth black. Marked benefit has also been derived from a weak solution of chloride of soda ; much reliance is placed by some practitioners on the preparations of sulphur, especially the soluble sulphurets, both as a wash in solution, and administered as a powder. An infusion of the smooth sumach {Rhus glabra), as well as a strong solution of borax, has likewise been found very useful as a local application. When the inflammation is severe, the administration of cathartics, especially the saline, is requisite, and in some cases blisters and leeches. Where a tendency to slough exists, the application of diluted pyroligneous acid will be found advantageous. Stimulants are remedies which increase the vital activity of the system, or of a single organ, the first being termed general, and the latter local stimulants. Much discrimination and caution are required in the adminis- tration of articles of this class, because, if given when inflammation is pre- sent, they are liable to create more mischief than benefit ; but they are called for when, on the decline of that condition of an organ, or organs, a state of relaxation or torpidity exists. In this state of things, a gentle stimulation inateriall} 7 assists the functions, and is productive of much benefit. Tonics are closely allied to stimulants, and some of them act in this manner ; but most of them do not cause any sensible excitation of the s}~stem, whilst, at the same time, they gradually impart tone and activity to the vital powers. With the exception of iron, most tonics act primarily on the nervous system, and secondarily on the muscular, on which latter their power is most distinctly marked. Iron appears to act in a different manner, by altering or improving the condition of the blood, and consequently increasing the tone of the system. One of the most valuable properties of many articles of this class is that of curing diseases of a periodic type ; in what manner, it is difficult to explain, as the laws that govern periodicity are but little understood. In prescribing the antiperiodic tonics in fevers, as cinchona and its salts, their use should be confined to the intermissions, and, in most cases, in as large doses as the stomach will bear with impunit}^, so timing the doses that one may be taken a short time before the expected paroxysm. Quinia and its preparations, although eminently antiperiodic, are not possessed of the tonic properties of the bark itself, and, in the large doses recommended of Late, are apt to induce unpleasant affections of the head, as vertigo, ringing in the ears, headache, and mental delusions. In administering arsenic as an antiperiodic, its effects should be carefully watched, and be discontinued when it causes constitutional symptoms, as vertigo, and oedema; nor should it be given in debilitated habits, and where the pulse is weak and feeble. It is better, in nil cases, to commence its use in small doses, and to increase them iinlil the stomach is somewhat affected, when the quantity is to be diminished, or even discontinued. Management op Convalescence and Relapses. The management of a patient, after the cessation of an attack of disease, and when he is declared convalescent, is of equal importance with the treat- ment during the continuance of the malady; and yet it is one strangely neglected by the physician, and is too often trusted to nurses and friends. INTRODUCTION. 81 In all recoveries from sickness, the organs or parts which have been affected remain for some time in an excitable condition, and liable to recurrence of the disease on the slightest provocation ; and it is of much consequence to inquire what causes operate most frequently in thus producing a relapse. It will be found that they generally consist in the indulgence in food, either in too great quantity, or of an improper character, or in the too early or im- prudent exposure to the weather, or in over-exertion of any kind. Diet. — The stomach, in common with every other part of the body, surfers from a diminution of its normal vigor and power of digestion, and, as a necessary consequence, when food of too nutritious a character is taken into it, it is unable to digest it properly ; hence, part of it remains in an undi- gested state, oppressing the weakened organ, and is either rejected by vomit- ing, or causes diarrhoea; or, if the stomach is capable of converting it into nourishment, an undue stimulation of that organ ensues, which will result in fever. This latter state of things is also induced by the administration of stimulating drinks. No animal substance, in any form, should be allowed during the continuance of acute febrile disease, nor immediately after its cessation. When it is permitted, it should be at first as little stimulating as possible, and in small quantities at a time; but it is to be gradually increased in quantity and quality as the patient gains strength. An invalid should be very cautious in the use of certain articles, considered by nurses and others as peculiarly nourishing and proper for the sick, namely, animal jellies of all kinds. These are exceedingly indigestible, even in a state of perfect health — added to which, they are, in most cases, rendered highly stimulating by the addition of wine or spices. Exercise. — Another frequent cause of a relapse is over-exertion, from the common, but erroneous, notion that a convalescent will not recover his strength, except he takes as much exercise as he can bear. Properly regu- lated exertion is highly serviceable ; but it should never be carried so far as to produce exhaustion, and should be pursued for some time in-doors, before it be attempted in the open air ; the latter, at first, should always take place in a carriage, that can be opened or closed at will ; the patient may then attempt short walks in the open air ; but, in all cases, it is of importance that he is not unduly fatigued, as otherwise injury instead of benefit will be the result. One of the most serious errors, committed with regard to exertion, is that of permitting a convalescent to sit up too frequently, or for too long a time, under the mistaken notion of giving him strength. A patient should never be allowed to sit up longer than is agreeable to his feelings, and never so long as to produce a sense of fatigue. Air. — Great care must be taken that an invalid is not exposed to cold or damp air, especially if his skin be disposed to moisture ; to guard him from sudden changes of temperature, he should wear flannel next to his skin, and have his feet well protected by warm stockings. In every convalescence, from whatever disease, country air is far more invigorating than the vitiated atmosphere of towns ; but care must be exercised in the selection of the location, as to its freedom from malaria, etc., for it is far preferable that he should remain within the precincts of the city, than expose himself to the influence of causes which act with peculiar activity on a system debilitated by previous disease. 6 FORMULARY ABSINTHIUM. Wormwood. This name is applied to several species of Artemisia, all, however, possessing the same properties. That recognized in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, and most generally em- ployed, is A. absinthium, a native of Europe, and commonly cultivated in our gardens. Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. As- teraceae. Linn. Sp. PL 1188. Griffith, Med. Bot. 405. The parts used are the leaves and the tops or extremities of the branches. These have a grayish- white color ; a soft, silky feel, a fragrant odor, and a very hitter taste. They impart their properties to water or alcohol. Wormwood has been employed as a stimu- lating tonic, in various forms of dyspepsia, in amenorrhcea, chronic leucorrhcea, gout, verminose affections, etc. It is given in a variety of forms. Infusion of Wormwood. R. Wormwood, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Brande. The tisane of wormwood of the Paris Codex is a weak infusion, made in the pro- portion of 1 of wormwood to 200 of boiling water. Extract of Wormwood. R. Wormwood, two parts. Alcohol, Water, each, six parts. Digest for 24 hours, express and treat the residue again with a mixture of Alcohol, Water, each, three parts. Mix the expressed liquids, filter, and evapo- rate to the proper consistence. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Tonic and stomachic. Ph. Germ. Clyster of Wormwood. R. Wormwood,) Rue, I each, three drachms. Savin, ) Boiling water, one pint. Boil, strain, and add to each half pint Castor oil, half an ounce. Foy. B one part, sufficient. Tincture of Worm-wood. Wormwood, Alcohol, sp. gr. 914, Obtain by displacement, five parts of tinc- ture. Tonic, stomachic, and vermifuge. Dose, from twenty drops to two fl. drachms. Paris Codex. The tincture of Ph. Germ, is of the same strength. Alkaline Tincture of Wormwood. Wormwood, 1 Tansy, ' Centaury, j Bog Bean, Alcohol, each, eight parts. one hundred and twenty parts. Carbonate of potassium, one part. Digest for six days, and filter. Dose, one or two fl. drachms. In dyspepsia and flatulent colic. Hoffmann. R Syrup of Wormwood. Wormwood, two ounces. Boiling water, twenty fl. ounces. Infuse for six hours, strain, add for every ten ounces of the filtered liquor, nineteen ounces of sugar, and make a syrup. Dose, a tablespoonful. Paris Codex. (83) 84 ACACIA "Wine of Wormwood. R. Wormwood, three parts. Alcohol, 60 per ct., six parts. Good white wine, one hundred parts. Digest the wormwood in the alcohol for 24 hours ; then add the wine, macerate for ten days, express, and filter. Dose, one to two tablespoonfuls. Paris Codex. Oil of Worm-wood. R. Tops of wormwood, one part. Olive oil, ten parts. Heat for two hours on a water-bath, stirring often, express, and filter. As an embroca- tion to the abdomen, in cardialgia, diar- rhoea, etc. Paris Codex. Essential Oil of Wormwood. R. Tops of wormwood, at will. Water, sufficient. Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the product. Dose, two to four drops several times a day. Paris Codex. Compound Spirit of Wormwood. R. Wornrwood, four pounds. Juniper, eight ounces. Cinnamon, two ounces. half an ounce. seventeen pounds. Macerate for fourteen days, distil twelve pounds, pour back and re-distil ten pounds. Guibourt. Angelica root, Alcohol, 34 per ct., Ratafia of Wormwood. R. White sugar, Water, each, forty ounces. Dissolve, and add Orange-flower water, six fl. ounces, previously beaten with White of egg, one. Then add Compound spirit of wormwood, fifty-six fl. ounces. Heat on a water-bath, cool, and filter. Guibourt. ACACIA. Gum Arabic. This pum is derived from several species of Acacia, aa A. vera, A. Senegal, A. arabica, etc. Sex. Syst. Polygam. moncecia. Nat. Syst. Fabaceae. Willdenow, Sp. PI. iv. 1056. Griffith, Med. Bot. 270. In tears or fragments of various sizes, often rounded ; colorless or of a yellow- ish tint, semi-transparent, inodorous, of a slightly sweetish mucilaginous taste. Wholly soluble in water, forming a muci- lage. Insoluble in alcohol. Demulcent and nutritive. Compound Powder Of Gum Arabic. R. Powdered gum Arabic, three parts. Powdered liquorice root, two parts. Powdered sugar, one part. Mix. Demulcent and mild expectorant. Used as a vehicle for heavy insoluble pow- ders. Ph. Germ. Mucilage of Gum Arabic. R. Gum Arabic, in small fragments, four ounces. Water, half a pint. Add the water to the gum, agitate occa- sionally till the mucilage is formed. Strain. U. S. Ph. and Ph. Germ. Brit. Ph. dissolves two parts of gum Arabic, in pieces, in three parts of water. Paris Codex directs equal weights of pow- dered gum and water. Principally used to suspend insoluble powders, or to diffuse oily and resinous sub- stances through aqueous fluids. Mixture of Gum Arabic. R. Powdered gum Arabic, Powdered sugar, each, three parts. Water, thirty-two parts. Dissolve. Demulcent and emollient. Used to appease cough and to allay irritation, also as a vehicle for other medicines. Ph. Germ. Gum Lozenges. R. Powdered gum Arabic, one ounce. Powdered sugar, nine ounces. Orajige-flower water, six drachms. Mix and form into lozenges weighing fif- teen grains each. A useful article to allay irritation of the throat in catarrh. Paris Codex. Pectoral Paste of Gum Arabic. R. Gum Arabic, two pounds. Dissolve in water, and add Sugar, one pound and a half. ACETOSELLA. — ACETUM 85 Evaporate to a proper consistence, adding Orange-flower water, three fl. drachms. Employed to allay irritation, like the last. Foy. Pate de Guimauve. R. Gum Arabic, white, two pounds. White sugar, two pounds. Whites of eggs, twelve. Double orange-flower water, four fl. ounces. Dissolve the gum in two pounds of water, strain, heat by a water-bath, add the sugar, and evaporate, continually stirring, to the consistence of honey ; then add the whites of eggs previously beaten, and the orange- flower water, and continue to beat the mix- ture until it does not adhere when applied to the back of the hand ; pour on a marble slab and keep in boxes, covered with a mix- ture of three parts of starch and one of sugar. Paris Codex. Gum Arabic Paste. R. Gum Arabic, one pound. Dissolve on a water- bath, in water, eight fl. ounces. Evaporate to the consistence of honey. Add Whites of eggs, six. Orange-flower water, two ounces. Beat well together. When sufficiently con- sistent, run into moulds. Used to appease cough and allay irritation. Beral. Syrup of Gum Arabic. R. Gum Arabic, in pieces, two ounces. Sugar, fourteen ounces. Water, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve the gum in the water without heat, then the sugar with a gentle heat, and strain. A good addition to pectoral and other mixtures. U. S. Ph. Ph. Germ, directs this to be prepared by mixing one part of the mucilage with three parts of simple syrup. Compound Syrup of Gum Arabic. R. Syrup of gum Arabic, four fl. ozs. Sulphate of morphia, one grain. Oil of sassafras, one drop. Hoffman's anodyne, half fl. drm. Mix. Known as Jackson's cough syrup, and much used in catarrhs, etc. Dose, a tablespoonful every three hours. Jackson. Linctus of Gum Arabic. R. Gum Arabic, one part. Clarified honey, three parts. Incorporate the gum with the honey. The dose is a teaspoonful occasionally, to re- lieve irritation of the throat in catarrh. Beral. Wendt's Mixture of Gum Arabic. R. Mucilage gum Arabic, Linden-flower water, equal parts. Found useful in doses of a teaspoonful every hour in the diarrhoea of infants. Radius. ACETOSELLA. Wood Sorrel. Sex. Syst. Decand. Pentag. Nat. Syst. Oxalidaceae. Lindley. Oxalis acetosella. Linn. Torrey and Gray, Fl. i. 211. Griffith, Med. Bot. 208. A native of Europe and the United States. The whole plant is used. It is agreeably acid, from its containing abinoxalate of po- tassium. It is refreshing and cooling, and is said to be useful in scorbutic affections. The fresh herb is used in doses of one drachm, the aqueous extract, now rarely made, in doses of a scruple to half a drachm. ACETUM. YlNEGAR. Impure and very dilute acetic acid, con- taining about five per cent, of real acid. It is the result of acetous fermentation of any fluid which is susceptible of vinous fermen- tation. It is principally obtained in Europe from malt or weak wine, and in this country from cider. It should be distilled for phar- maceutical use. It is employed internally as a refrigerant and diuretic, and is a grateful addition to diluent drinks in febrile affections. It is also sometimes used as a clyster. Exter- nally it is beneficial as a fomentation, and likewise forms a useful addition to gargles and collyria. U. IS. JDis. Vinegar Mixture. R. Vinegar, three fl. ounces. Honey, two fl. ounces. Water, three pints. Mix. As a cooling drink in fevers. Amnion. R. Vinegar, one fl. ounce. Acetic ether, one fl. drachm. Syrup of raspberries, three fl. ozs. Water, two pints. Mix. As a refreshing drink in fevers. Aut 86 ACHILLEA. — ACIDUM ACETICUM, Mixture of Vinegar and Cardamom. R. Vinegar, one fl. clrachrn. Comp. tincture of cardamom, Simple syrup, each, half a fl. oz. Water, ten fl. ounces. Mix. To be taken in such portions as the stomach can bear. In sick headache. Vinegar "Wash. R. Wine vinegar, Alcohol, each, one ounce. Water, twelve ounces. Mix. As a diaphoretic wash in fevers, and diluted with water as an application to contusions. Berends. Gargle of Vinegar. R. Vinegar, two parts. Honey, Barley water, each, eight parts. Mix. As a mouth-wash or gargle in in- flamed fauces. Soubeiran. R. Vinegar, two fl. drachms. Chloride of ammonium, one drachm. Hone}', one and a half fl. ounces. Water, twelve fl. ounces. Mix. As a gargle in inflamed fauces. Hatier. Syrup of Vinegar. R. Vinegar, twenty ounces. Sugar, thirty-five ounces. Dissolve by a gentle heat. Par. Cod. Mixed with water, this forms a pleasant and refreshing drink in febrile complaints. Dose, half to one iluidounce. Vinegar Cataplasm. R. Vinegar, one part. Flour, three parts. Make cataplasm. An astringent and anti- septic application. B6ral. Distilled Vinegar. Distil a gallon of vinegar by means of a Band-bath, from a glass retort into a glass receiver. Discontinue the process when Bevei] pints shall have been distilled, and keep i nese for use. U. S. Ph. ACHILLEA. Yarrow. Milfoil. A. millefolium is indigenous to Europe, but has been naturalized in this country. It is an herbaceous plant two to three feet high. Sex. Syst. Syugen. Polyg. superfl. Nat. Syst. Com posit se. The parts employed are the leaves and flowering tops. The lea res are finely di- vided, with linear segments; the flowers are in numerous heads, with whitish ray and disk florets. They have a peculiar aromatic odor reminding of chamomile, and an aro- matic bitter, slightly astringent, taste. They are stimulating, tonic, and somewhat astrin- gent. Dose, half to one ounce a day in tho form of infusion. Extract of Yarrow. B. Yarrow leaves, Yarrow flowers, each, equal parts. Exhaust with diluted alcohol and evapo- rate to the proper consistence. Ph. Germ. Dose, ten to thirty grains, in pills or mix- tures. Mixture of Yarrow. B. Extract of yarrow, one drachm. Borax, one scruple. Chamomile water, six ounces. Dissolve. Two tablespoonfuls every two hours, in amenorrhcea. Hildenbrand. ACIDUM ACETICUM. Acetic Acid. This acid is obtained from wood by de- structive distillation and subsequent purifi- cation. It is a colorless liquid having a pungent odor free from empyreuma. Sp. (jr. 1.047, U.S. Ph.; 1.044, Brit. Ph., 1.040, Ph. Germ. Glacial Acetic Acid. (Sp. gr. 1.0G5.) It is obtained by distillation from an an- hydrous acetate and sulphuric acid ; or from a mixture of an anhydrous acetate and bi- Bulphate of potassium. At a mean tempe- rature it is liquid, but it crystallizes at about 34° and remains crystalline until the tem- perature rises to 48°. Its specific gravity is increased by adding ten per cent, of water. T~ Diluted Acetic Acid. (Sp. gr. 1.00G.) B. Acetic acid, a pint. Distilled water, seven pints. Mix. Brit. Ph. and U. S. Ph. ACIDTJM ACETICUM. 87 This is the pure vinegar of Ph. Germ. which has the sp. gr. 1.008. Camphorated Acetic Acid. R. Powdered camphor, half an ounce. Acetic acid, six and a half fluid- ounces. Dissolve. Ed. Pharm. 1841. Aromatic Spirit ofVinegar (Aromatic Acetic Acid, or Aromatic Vinegar). R. Glacial acetic acid, twenty troy- ounces. Camphor, two troy ounces. Oil of lavender, eight minims. Oil of cinnamon, fifteen minims. Oil of cloves, half a drachm. Mix. To be kept in a glass-stoppered bot- tle. Paris Codex. R. Glacial acetic acid, twent3^-five parts. nine parts. Oil of cloves, Oil of lavender, f Oil of lemon, each, six parts. Oil of bergamot, Oil of tl^me, each, three parts. Oil of cinnamon, one part. Dissolve. PA. Germ. Cooley gives a similar formula, with the addition of one and a half parts of camphor. Aromatic vinegar is used as a pungent and reviving perfume in fainting, etc. As it is corrosive, it should not be allowed to come in contact with the skin or clothes. It is also prepared in the dry way, as fol- lows : — R. Crystallized acetate of sodium, one drachm. Sulphuric acid, twenty drops. Oil of lemons, Oil of cloves, each, three drops. Mix, and keep in a glass-stoppered bottle. Gray. The above substitutes for Henry's aroma- tic spirit of vinegar are very pungent per- fumes. Acetic Acid Cataplasm. R. Rye meal, three parts. Diluted acetic acid, one part. Mix. Used as an application to ill-condi- tioned ulcers. Taddei. Acetic Acid Mixture. R. Diluted acetic acid, one ounce. Simple syrup, half an ounce. Water, four ounces. Mix. (See Yinegar Mixture.) In scarla- tina. Dose, for a child nine years old, one to two tablespoonfuls every four hours. Brown. Camphorated Vinegar. R. Camphor, Glacial acetic acid, each, one part. Yinegar, forty parts. Powder the camphor with some of the acetic acid, add the remainder, then gradu- ally the vinegar, agitate occasionally for several days, and filter. Paris Codex. R. Powdered camphor, three parts. Yinegar, one hundred parts. Dissolve by agitation. Raspail. Acetic Acid Clyster. R. Barley water, six fl. ounces. Diluted acetic acid, one to three fl. ounces. Mix. The proportion of diluted acid may be varied according to the indication. Has been advised in obstinate constipation, ileus, etc. Swediaur. Aromatic or Prophylactic Vinegar. R. Oil of rosemary,") , Oil of juniper, I eacn ' Oil of lemon, } one part. Oil of thyme, two parts. Oil of cloves, five parts. Tincture of cinnamon, one hundred parts. Aromatic tincture, fifty parts. Acetic acid, two hundred parts. Water, one thousand parts. Mix by agitation, and after three days, filter. Ph. Germ. This is intended as a substitute for the complicated formula formerly used for Thieves' vinegar, at one time so celebrated as a preservative against the plague. It has no advantages over it. Vinegar of the Four Thieves. R. Wormwood, Roman wormwood, Rosemary, Sage, Mint, Rue, each, one ounce and a half. 88 ACIDUM ACETICUM. — ACIDUM AESENIOSUM, each, two drachms. Lavender flowers, two ounces Garlic, Calamus, Cinnamon, V Cloves, Nutmegs, Distilled vinegar, eight pints. Digest by a moderate heat, in a closely stopped matrass, for twelve days, strain, express, and filter, then add one ounce of camphor dissolved in alcohol. Lewis. ACIDUM ACETICUM EM- PYRE U MAT IC UM. Pyroligneotjs Acid. Pyroligneous acid (sp. gr. 1.034) is an im- pure acetic acid, obtained by a destructive distillation of wood. It contains creasote, empyre umatic oil, etc., and has been em- ployed in gangrene to correct the fetor and to promote the separation of sloughs, and also as an application to unhealthy ulcers. U. S. Dis. Dunglison, N.R. 6th ed. p. 13. Mouth Wash. R. Pyroligneous acid, half a fl. oz. Cinnamon water, four fl. ounces. Syrup of mulberries, two fl. ozs. Mix. Used as a mouth-wash in cancrum oris. It should be kept in an opaque glass vessel to prevent decomposition. Phoebus. Injection of Pyroligneous Acid. R. Pyroligneous acid, two fl. drms. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Mix. In purulent discharges from the ear. Buchanan. Cataplasm of Pyroligneous Acid. R. Bran, half a pound. Linseed meal, one ounce. Mix well, and add Pyroligneous acid, q. s. to make a cataplasm. As an" application to foul ulcers. lieece. ACIDUM AltSENIOSTJM. White Arsenic. Arsenions acid is found in the Bhops, in the form of semi-transparent or opaque lumps, "i- in tli.it of a heavy white, powder. It has no smell, and its taste is slightly acrid. I' Is volatile at a red beat, giving off white fames of a garlic-like odor. Extreme- ly poisonous ;ind corrosive, even in minute Dose, ,', ; tli to /.th of ;i grain. U. 8. Dis. Arsenical Powder. R. White arsenic, one part. Calomel, one hundred and ninety-nine parts. Mix. Eecommended in obstinate cases of lepra and cancerous ulcers. Dupuytren. Compound Powder of White Arsenic. R. White arsenic, ten parts. Powdered dragon's blood, three parts. Animal charcoal, two parts. Cinnabar, thirty parts. Mix, and triturate well. Has been used in the same description of cases. Known as Cosme's arsenical powder. Ph. Germ. R. White arsenic, one part. Kino, eight parts. Cinnabar, sixteen parts. Mix, and triturate well. Ratter. Employed in the French hospitals as a caustic to cancerous sores. R. White arsenic, one part. Cinnabar, five parts. Burnt sponge, two parts. Mix well. - Paris Codex. Used as an escharotic ; about three times stronger than the preceding, and half the strength of Cosme's powder. Arsenical Ointment. R. White arsenic, one drachm. Lard, Spermaceti cerate, each, six drachms. Melt the cerate and lard by a gentle heat, and add the arsenic ; triturate well in a glass mortar till perfectly united. Soubeiran. R. Cosme's arsenical powder, one part. Hellmund's narcotico- balsamic ointment, eight parts. Mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. Arsenical Cerate. R. Powdered white arsenic, one scruple. Simple cerate, one ounce. Mix the arsenic with the cerate softened by heat, and triturate well. Solution of Arsenic. R. White arsenic, one scruple. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. ACIDUM BENZOICUM. — ACIDUM BORACICUM. 89 Dissolve. This and the foregoing oint- ments have been employed as applications to cancerous sores, but are always danger- ous from 'the posionous symptoms induced by the absorption of the arsenic. Arsenical Pills. R. White arsenic, two grains. Powdered opium, three grains. White soap, eight grains. Powdered liquorice root, q. s. Mix well and divide into twenty pills. Each of these pills contains y^th of a grain of arsenic. They have been given in doses of one or two three times a day, according to circumstances, in diseases of an intermit- tent character. Ellis. Arsenic and Pepper Pills. R. White arsenic, one grain. Black pepper, twelve grains. Gum Arabic, two grains. Distilled water, q. s. Triturate the arsenic and pepper for a long time, add the gum and water, and rub well together. Make twelve pills ; each of which will contain y^th of a grain of arsenic. Guibourt. R. White arsenic, fifty-five grains. Powdered black pepper, nine drachms. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make eight hundred pills. One daily in chronic psoriasis. Cazenave and Schedel. Pills of Arsenic and Opium. R. Arsenious acid, two grains. Powdered opium, eight grains. Soap, one scruple. Beat together and divide into twenty-four pills. One to be taken three times a day. Have been found useful in intermittent fevers, periodical headaches, neuralgia, and lepra. A. T. Thomson. ACIDUM BENZOICUM. Benzoic Acid. R. Benzoin, a pound. Put it into a flat-bottomed iron dish on a sand-bath, gradually increase the heat, pass the vapors through a sheet of filtering paper into a receiver of thick well-sized paper, and remove from the latter the benzoic acid from time to time, as long as it sub- limes without much empyreuma. U. S. Ph. Benzoic acid is in the form of white, feathery hexagonal crystals, when chemi- cally pure having no odor, but usually with an agreeable smell from the presence of oil. The taste is acid and acrid. It is converted into hippuric acid, and voided by the urine when taken by man, and has been recom- mended in the uric acid diathesis and gout, but does not appear to be of any benefit. It has, however, been serviceable in catarrh of the bladder, and where there is a secretion of granular mucus with phosphates. It is also beneficial as a stimulating expectorant. Dose, ten to fifteen grains. Mixture of Benzoic Acid and Copaiba. R. Benzoic acid, one drachm. Copaiba, half fl. ounce. White of egg, q. s. Camphor water, seven fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, two tablespoonfuls three times a day. Eecommended in chronic dysuria and vesical irritation. Walker. Powder of Benzoic Acid and Ipecacuanha. R. Benzoic acid, two scruples. Ipecacuanha, six grains. Golden sulphur of antimony, three grains. White sugar, one drachm. Mix and triturate well. Divide into six powders. Dose, one, four times a day, in barley water. Said to be useful in asthenic pneumonia. Phoebus. Mixture of Benzoic Acid. R. Benzoic acid, Sulphur, each, one scruple. Ipecacuanha, six grains. Honey, six ounces. Syrup of seneka, Syrup of squills, each, one ounce. Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, three or four times a day, in the chronic catarrh of elderly persons. St. Marie. ACIDUM BORACICUM. Boracic Acid. R. Powdered borax, forty parts. Boiling water, one hundred parts. Dissolve and add Muriatic acid, twentj^-five parts. Collect the acid, which crystallizes on cool- 90 ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. ing, on a filter, drain, wash with cold water, and dry at 234° F. If not pure, dissolve and recrystallize. Wackenroder. If sulphuric acid be used it is almost im- possible to free the horacic acid from a trace of it. Dose, ten to sixty grains. Mixture of Boracic Acid. R. Boracic acid, ten grains. Oil of sweet almonds, Syrup of lemons, each, one fl. drachm. Mix. Advised in cardialgia ; to be re- peated until a cessation of the pain. Pierquin. B. each, two drachms. Collutory -with Boracic Acid Cloves, Galangal, Ginger, Peruvian bark, Gum lac, one and a half drachms. Benzoin, Storax, each, . half a drachm. Alcohol, six fl. drachms. Acetic acid, one and a half fl. ounce. Yinegar, five fl. ounces. Macerate, press, and filter, then add Boracic acid, half a drachm. This has been recommended as a mouth wash in a scorbutic condition of the gums. When used it is to be diluted with water. Phoebus. ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. Carbolic Acid. Syn. Phenic acid ; phenylic acid ; phenylic alcohol ; phenol. It is obtained by fractional distillation of coal tar, between the temperatures of 300° and 400 , and subsequent purification. It occurs in colorless or white acicnlar crys- tals, which fuse at a temperature of about 100 ' to a colorless liquid, having an odor and taste resembling creasote, and boiling near 370 . It dissolves freely in alcohol, ether, glycerin, and the essential oils, and requires about L'O parts of water for solution ; its so- lution docs not affect litmus paper, and co- agulates collodion. Its compounds with alkalies are readily decomposed by the acids, including carbonic acid. When 9 if it are dissolved in 5 parts of alco- hol, and mixed with 60 parts Of water and one pari of subitum 01 sesquieldoride of iron, sp. <_o\ 1.34, the mixture assumes per- manently a beautiful bine color. ( Flilckiger.) In its pure slate it acts as an eseliarotic, ; when diluted, its properties are rubefacient, anaesthetic, and antiseptic. Taken inter- nally it is carminative and sedative, re- sembling creasote in its power of allaying gastric irritability. It is best administered largely diluted or in mucilaginous liquids, with some aromatic to correct and cover its odor. Dose, one-half to three grains, twice or three times daily. Glycerite of Carbolic Acid. R. Carbolic acid, two tro % younces. Glycerin, half a pint. Rub these together in a mortar until the acid is dissolved. U. S. Ph. Used in herpes and similar skin diseases. Glycerin of carbolic acid, Brit. Ph., is nearly identical with the above. Carbolic Acid "Water. R. Glycerite of carbolic acid, ten fl. drachms. Distilled water, sufficient to make one pint. Mix. U. S. Ph. Carbolized Vinegar. R. Common vinegar, four parts. Carbolic acid, one part. Dissolve. Quesneville. Used as a disinfectant and antiseptic in place of aromatic vinegar. Disinfectant Carbolic Acid Powder. R. Plaster Paris, one thousand parts. Carbolic acid, one part. Mix thoroughly. Bouchardat. Carbolized Ether. R. Ether, one hundred parts. Carbolic acid, one part. Dissolve. Ltmaire. Used for insufflation in catarrh of the Eustachian tube. Inhalations of Carbolic Acid. R. Carbolic acid, one drachm. Water, six fl. ounces. Mix. In croup. J. L. Smith R. Carbolic acid, fifteen to twenty drops. Tincture of conium, one to two fl. ounces. Water, two pints. Mix. In bronchitis. StilU. ACIDUM OAKBOLICUM. — ACIDUM CAEBONICUM, 91 Carbolic Acid Mixture. R. Carbolic acid, half a drachm. Acetic acid, Tincture of opium, Chloric ether, each, one fl. drachm. Water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every four hours, until the fever has subsided, in zymotic diseases. A. Keith. R. Carbolic acid, two grains and a half. Distilled water, three fl. ounces. Orange-flower water, half a fl. ounce. Syrup of orange peel, a fl. ounce. Mix. To be taken in three doses in two hours, in cholera. Dussau. Mix. As a rubefacient, in cholera. Dussau. Carbolic Acid Ointment. R. Carbolic acid, sixty grains. Ointment, four hundred and twenty grains. Mix thoroughly. U. S. Ph. Carbolic Acid Gargle. R. Carbolic acid, twenty grains. Acetic acid, half a drachm. Honey, Tincture of myrrh, of each, two drachms. Water, sufficient for six fl. ounces. Mix. Used in diphtheria. Hartshome. Mouth "Wash of Carbolic Acid. R. Carbolic acid, eight grains. Water, four fl. ounces. Dissolve. As a mouth wash and gargle in sore throat. Kempster. Lotion of Carbolic Acid. R. Carbolic acid, one to two drachms. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. Water, two pints. Mix. In cancerous ulcerations, and by substituting lime-water for the water, as an application in burns. Barclay. R. Carbolic acid, fourteen grains. Acetic acid, one ounce. Water, three ounces. Mix. In itch and other parasitic diseases. Bazin. Carbolic Acid Liniment. R. Carbolic acid, one part. Olive oil, six parts. Mix. For burns, to relieve pain and pro- mote the healing process without suppura- tion. Pirrie. R. Carbolic acid, one drachm. Alcohol, Water, each, six ounces. Suppositories of Carbolic Acid. R. Carbolic acid, twelve grains. Oil of Theobroma, 348 grains. Dissolve the carbolic acid in a few drops of water, and mix the solution first with sixty grains of the oil of theobroma, and after- wards with the remainder, which has been previously melted and allowed to cool to 95° ; then pour into suitable moulds and make twelve suppositories. U. S. Ph. ACIDUM CARBOLICUM IMPURUM. Impure Carbolic Acid. It is a colorless liquid becoming reddish- brown on exposure, and having the odor and taste of the pure acid, modified by empyreu- matic constituents of tar, which should not exceed 30 per cent, by measure of the im- pure acid, the impurities being nearly insolu- ble in water. It is used only as an external remedy and for disinfecting purposes. Carbolic Acid Clay. B. Clay in powder, eighty parts. Impure carbolic acid, twenty parts. Mix thoroughly. Useful for destroying parasitic insects upon plants, and for dis- infecting purposes. C. 0. Curtman. ACIDUM CARBONICUM. Carbonic Acid. This stimulating gas is readily absorbed by water, and advantage has been taken of the fact by retaining it in a liquid form under pressure. The mineral or soda water of the shops is water saturated with carbonic acid Carbonic Acid Water. By means of a forcing-pump, throw into a suitable receiver, nearly filled with water, a quantity of carbonic acid equal to five times the bulk of the water. U. S. Ph. Carbonic acid is readily obtained from marble by means of dilute sulphuric acid. This water has a sharp, pungent, and agreeahle taste. It is much used as a com- mon drink in doses of half a pint. 92 ACIDUM CHEOMICUM.- ACIDUM GALLICUM ACIDUM CHROMICUM. Chromic Acid. It is obtained by saturating water at tbe ordinary temperature with bichromate of potassium, and pouring two pints of this solution slowly and with constant stirring into three pints of concentrated sulphuric acid. After one or two days the crystals are collected and dried upon porous tiles under a bell-glass, to protect them from dust. Warrington. It occurs in deep-red needles, which are deliquescent, readily soluble in water, and oxidize organic matters rapidly. It is em- ployed as a powerful and convenient escha- rotic in cancerous ulcerations, and for re- moving warts and other morbid growths. It may be applied in substance to the moist- ened part, or in solution. It is never used internally. Solution of Chromic Acid. R. Chromic acid, one hundred grains. Distilled water, one ounce. Dissolve. Marshall. ACIDUM CITRICUM. Citric Acid. This exists naturally in the juices of many fruits ; to obtain it pure, boiling lemon or lime-juice is to be saturated with cbalk, when carbonic acid is given off, and an insoluble citrate is formed ; this is to be washed and decomposed by boiling with dilute sulphuric acid ; insoluble sulphate of calcium precipi- tates, and the citric acid remains in solu- tion and crystallizes on evaporation. To purify, dissolve in water and recrystallize. U. S. Bis. Dose, five to twenty grains. Artificial Lemon Juice. R. Citric acid, one ounce. Distilled water, fourteen fl. ounces. Oil of lemons, five drops. Mix. Beasley. Lozenges of Citric Acid. B. Citric acid, three drachms. White sugar, one pound. Oil of lemons, sixteen drops. Triturate well, and add Mucilage of tragacanth, q. s. Make lozenges of twelve grains each. C otter eau. R. Citric acid, two drachms. Oil of 1-iiions, Syrup, four minims, two pints. Rub the citric acid and oil of lemons with an ounce of the syrup, then add rest of syrup, and dissolve by a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. R. Citric acid, five drachms. Water, ten fl. drachms. Simple syrup, sixty troy ounces. Spirit of fresh lemon- peel, seven and a half drachms. Dissolve the acid in the water, mix with the syrup at a boiling heat, and, when cold, add the spirit. Paris Codex. Dry Lemonade. R. Citric acid, two and a half drs. White sugar, four ounces. Oil of lemons, one drop. Mix well. A spoonful to a tumbler of water. Ph. Germ. Citrated Effervescing Powders. R. Citric acid, nine drachms- Divide into eighteen powders. R. Bicarbonate of sodium, eleven drs. or, Bicarbonate of potas- sium, thirteen drs. Divide into eighteen powders. Dub. Ph. An acid and an alkaline powder are dis- solved in separate portions of water, the two solutions are mixed and drank in a state of effervescence. An excellent refrigerant. ACIDUM GALLICUM. Gallic Acid. It is not certain that this acid exists as such in nature, or whether it arises from the decomposition of tannic acid. It is usually prepared from galls. Many processes have been devised. R. Decoction of galls, at will. Expose to action of air in a loosely covered vessel for some months ; it will grow mouldy, and become covered with a glutinous pelli- cle, and gallic acid will be deposited on the sides of the vessel and on the under surface of the pellicle ; collect, dissolve, and recrys- tallize. Scheele. This is analogous to the process officinal in the U. S. Ph. R. Decoction of galls, at will. Sulphuric acid, sufficient to precipitate. Wash the precipitate with ;iih1 dissolve by aid of heat in diluted sul- phuric acid, boil for a few minutes, let cool, and collect the crystals. Liebig. Gallic acid is a powerful astringent, and has been found useful in hemorrhages and ACIDUM HYDEOCYASTICUM DILTJTUM. 93 flaxes, as well as in checking night sweats in phthisis. Dose, five to ten grains. Glycerite of Gallic Acid. R. Gallic acid, two troyounces. Gl} T cerin, half a pint. Dissolve by the aid of heat, U. S. Ph. Glycerin of gallic acid, Brit. Ph., is nearly identical with this. Mixture of Gallic and Sulphuric Acids. R. Gallic acid, thirty grains. Dilute sulphuric acid, one fl. drm. Sedative solution of opium, thirt}^ minims. Compound infusion of rose, six fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, two tablespoonfuls every, three or four hours, in haemoptysis. Earle. R. Gallic acid, one to two drachms. Dilute sulphuric acid, half a fl. drm. Tincture of hops } one fl. drachm. Infusion of hops, six fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful three times daily, in Bright's disease. Aitken. Aromatic Syrup of Gallic Acid. R. Gallic acid, two and a half drs. Syrup of cinnamon, four fl. oz. Dissolve. Dose, a dessertspoonful every two, three, or four hours, in hemorrhages, diabetes, etc. Hartshorne. Compound Mixture of Gallic Acid. R. Gallic acid, twelve grains. Compound tincture of cinnamon, one and a half fl. drachms. Tincture of opium, eight minims. Caraway water, sufficient for two fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, two teaspoonfuls for a child two years old, in chronic diarrhoea and gas- tric irritation. Hillier. R. Pills of Gallic Acid. Gallic acid, q. s. Extract of gentian, sufficient to form pills of two to five grains each. One to be given every three or four hours. Useful in menorrhagia, haematuria, etc. Dunglison. R. Gallic acid, forty grains. Extract of Indian hemp, five grs. Confection of rose, ten grains. Make into ten pills. Dose, one at bedtime, for night sweats of consumptives. Tanner. Injection of Gallic Acid. R. Gallic acid, one scruple to one drachm. Water, two pints. Mix. Found beneficial in leucorrhcea. Dunglison. ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM DILUTUM. R. Hydrocyanic Acid. Ferrocyanicle of potassium, two ounces. Sulphuric acid, one ounce and a half. Distilled water, sufficient. Mix the acid with four fl. ounces of the water, and pour the mixture, when cool, into a glass retort. To this add the ferrocyanide, pre- viously dissolved in ten fl. ounces of the water. Pour eight fl. ounces of distilled water into a cooled receiver, and having at- tached the retort, distil on a sand-bath, with a moderate heat, sixfl. ounces. Lastly, add to the product, five fl. ounces of distilled water, or as much as will render the acid of such strength that 100 grains will be accu- rately saturated by 12.7 grains of nitrate of silver. U. S. Ph. Extemporaneous Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Cyanide of silver, fifty grains and a half. Muriatic acid, forty-one grains. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Mix the acid with the water, add the cy- anide, and shake in a well-stopped bottle. Let settle, decant, and keep for use. U. S. Ph. This acid should be kept in closely-stopped bottles, protected from the light. It is a transparent, volatile liquid, of a cooling and then somewhat irritating taste, and a pecu- liar smell. It is the most active poison known, and must be used with extreme caution. It is used as an anodyne and anti- spasmodic, in many diseases. The dose is from one to two drops mixed with gum- water or syrup, always beginning with the smallest quantity and gradually increasing. Mixture of Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid, one fl. drachm. Distilled water, one pint. Sugar, one ounce and a half. Mix. A dessertspoonful twice a day, gradu- ally increasing the dose. Magendie. 94 ACIDUM IIYDRIODICUM.-IIYDEOSULPHUEICUM, R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid, sixteen drops. Syrnp of wild cherry, Camphor water, of each, one fl. oz. Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful every two or three hours, in violent, troublesome cough. Hartshorne. R. Powdered gum Arabic, half an oz. Water, seven fl. ounces and a half. Dissolve, and add Syrup of tolu, half fl. ounce. Diluted hydrocyanic acid, twelve drops. Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours iu the cough of phthisis. S. G. Morton. Syrup of Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Medicinal hydro- C3 T anic acid, one part. Clarified syrup, one hundred and ninet} r -nine parts. Mix. This should be made only when needed, as it readily alters. Paris Codex. Julep of Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid, fifteen drops. Hoffman's anodyne, two fl. ounces. Syrup of marsh mallow, three fl. ounces. Mix. A dessertspoonful every two hours. Pierquin. R. Medicinal hydroc} r anic acid, two to four drops. Syrup of peppermint, one fl. ounce. Infusion of linden, four fl. ounces. Mix. A dessertspoonful every hour. Foy. Inhalation of Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Diluted hydrocyanic acid, ten to fifteen minims. Cold water, one fl. drachm. Mix in a suitable apparatus, and let the vapor that arises be inhaled. Brit. Ph. Injection of Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid, one part. Distilled water, four parts. In gonorrhoea. Foy, Glycerite of Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid, ten to forty minims. Glycerin, one fl. ounce. Mix. Used as a lotion in impetigo, eczema, urticaria, etc. Waring. Lotion of Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Diluted hydrocyanic acid, half fl. ounce. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, ten fl. ounces and a half. Mix. As lotion, in impetigo. A. T. Tliomson. R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid, two fl. drachms. Alcohol, fourteen fl. drachms. Emulsion of bitter almonds (made with thirty kernels), six fl. ounces. Mix. As an antipruritic in eczema. Erasmus Wilson. R. Medicinal hydrocj^anic acid, two fl. drachms. Lettuce water, two pints. Mix. In hepatic affections. Magendie. R. Diluted hydrocyanic acid, half fl. drachm. Bicarbonate of sodium, two drachms. Milk, eight fl. ounces. Mix. In milky scall. A. T. Tliomson. ACIDUM HYDRIODICUM. Hydriodic Acid. R. Tartaric acid, two hundred and sixty-four grains. Iodide of potassium, three hun- dred and thirty grains. Dissolve each in one fl. ounce and a half of distilled water. Mix the solutions, shake and let settle, filter, and add distilled water to make up measure of six and a quarter fl. ounces. Buchanan. Has the same properties as iodine, of which each fl. drachm contains five grains ; dose, at first a few drops, gradually increased to hall a fl. ounce three times a day. ACIDUM IIYDROSULPHU- RICUM. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. R. Sulphuret of iron, Sulphuric acid, equal parts. Pulverize the sulphuret, and gradually pour on it the acid diluted with three times its ACIDUM LAOTICUM. 95 weight of water, and collect the gas ; or it may be passed through water to saturation. Van Mons. This gas is an active poison, but has been administered in colica pictonum and mercu- rial affections. It is, however, more em- ployed externally in cutaneous diseases. Hydrosulphuretted Bath. R. Sulphuret of potassium, four ounces. Water, one pint. Dissolve, and add Muriatic acid, two drachms. Pour the whole into the bath. Advised in chronic diseases of the skin, rheumatism, and certain cases of paralysis. Cadet de Gassicourt. Artificial Sulphuretted Water. R. Carbonate of sodium, twelve grains. Liquid hydrosulphurie acid, two pints. "Water, six pints. To be kept in well-closed bottles. Has been recommended in colica pictonum. Foy. Hydrosulphuretted Lotion. R. Sulphuret of potassium, twenty-four parts. Water, two hundred and fifty parts. Dissolve, and add Sulphuric acid, one part. Used as a wash in chronic diseases of the skin. Dwpuytren. ACIDUM LACTICUM. Lactic Acid. R. Sugar, six pounds. Tartaric acid, half an ounce. Boiling water, twenty-six pounds. Mix, set aside for a few days, then add Old stinking cheese, eight ounces, well diffused in Curdled acid skimmed milk, eight pounds. Powdered chalk, three pounds. Place in a warm situation, so as to keep the mixture at a temperature of 86° to 95°. Stir often ; in eight or ten days it will solidify into a stiff paste of lactate of calcium ; now add twenty pounds of boiling water, and half an ounce of caustic lime, boil for half an hour, and filter through linen. Evaporate the liquid to the consistence of syrup, and set aside for four days ; remove the lactate of calcium, express, agitate with one-tenth of cold water, and express, repeating this ope- ration two or three times. Now dissolve in twice its weight of boiling water, and for every pound of the lactate, add three and a half ounces of sulphuric acid diluted with an equal weight of water. Filter the hot liquid through a bag, and boil it with one pound and three-eighths of carbonate of zinc, for every pound of sulphuric acid, for a quarter of an hour. Filter whilst boiling hot, and let stand to crystallize ; remove these crystalline crusts of lactate of zinc, and wash them with cold water. Then dis- solve them in seven and a half parts of boil- ing water, and pass through the solution a current of sulphuretted hydrogen, till sul- phuret of zinc no longer separates. Filter, boil the liquid, to expel the excess of sul- phuretted hydrogen, and evaporate on a water-bath to the consistence of syrup. Bertsch. A solution of ten ounces of milk-sugar in nine pints of milk is exposed to the air in a warm place (90° to 100° F.), and the free acid neutralized every other day with bicar- bonate of sodium. When it ceases to be- come acid, the liquid is boiled, filtered, and carefully evaporated to the consistence of syrup. This is dissolved in alcohol, the so- dium precipitated by sulphuric acid, the fil- trate neutralized with chalk, and the clear liquid evaporated to crystallization. The lactate of calcium is either decomposed by the exact quantity of oxalic acid, or it is converted into lactate of zinc, and this fur- ther treated as in the previous process. Boutron and Fremy. The officinal lactic acid is a nearly color- less syrupy liquid, of sp. gr. 1.212 ; which is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether in all proportions, and is not precipitated by ace- tate of lead, oxalate of ammonium, or, after neutralization with ammonia, by sulphuret- ted hydrogen. When gently heated, it yields no odor of acetic or butyric acid. Ninety grains of it should neutralize at least seventy- two grains of bicarbonate of potassium. U. S. Ph. Lactic acid has the sp. gr. 1.24, Ph. Germ. It has been recommended by Magendie in dyspepsia, by Bricheteau and Dureau in croup and diphtheria as a solvent of false mucous membranes, and is considered by some to be useful in a phosphatic diathesis. Dose, one to three drachms daily. Lozenges of Lactic Acid. R. Lactic acid, two drachms. Powdered white sugar, nine ozs. Gum tragacanth, Yanilla, q. s. fifteen grains. Mix, and form pastilles of half a drachm each, of which three to six may be taken during the day. They should be kept dry. Soubeiran. 9G ACIDUM MURIATICTTM Lemonade of Lactic Acid. R. Lactic acid, one to four drachms. Simple syrup, two ounces. Water, two pints. Mix. Dose, a cupful several times a day. Magendie. Inhalation of Lactic Acid. R. Lactic acid, twenty drops. Water, half an ounce. Mix. Applied in the form of spray, in croup. A. Weber. ACIDUM MURIATICTTM. Muriatic Acid. Prepared by distilling common salt in a glass retort with sulphuric acid and water. It has a density of 1.16, a suffocating odor, an acrid and sour taste. It is very volatile. It gives a curdy-white precipitate with ni- trate of silver. It is never given internally except in a diluted form. Pure muriatic acid of Ph. Germ, has the sp. gr. 1.124. Diluted Muriatic Acid. R. Muriatic acid, four troy ounces. Distilled water, sufficient to make one pint. Mix. Twenty drops in sweetened water. U. S. Ph. Sp.gr. 1.038, U.S.; 1.052, Brit; 1.060, Germ. Gaseous Muriatic Acid. R. Common salt, two parts. Sulphuric acid, three parts. Mix. The muriatic acid fumes that arise are disinfectant if the atmosphere is charged with ammoniacal exhalations, but arc much inferior to chlorine. Swediaur. Muriatic Acid Bath. R. Muriatic acid, ton fl. ounces. Water, fifty gallons. Mix. Found useful in some chronic dis- cuses of the skin. Soubeiran. B Muriatic Acid Gargle. Muriatic acid, two fl. drachms. Boney, two fl. ounces. Barley water, one pint. Mix. Useful in the angina of scarlet fever, and in ulceration of the mouth and throat. Batter, R Muriatic Acid Mixture. Diluted muriatic acid, one and a half fl. drachms. Spirit of chloroform, two fl. drachms. Tincture of colchicum, one fl. drachm. Infusion of cascarilla, sufficient for six fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, two tablespoonfuls every three hours, in gout. J. F. Duncan. Syrup of Muriatic Acid. R. Muriatic acid, three drachms. Simple syrup, six troyounces. Mix. Dose, one half to one teaspoonful. Mouchon. Muriatic Acid Lotion. R. Muriatic acid, one part. Water. sixteen parts. Mix. Advised as a wash for chilblains, and also found beneficial in lepra and other skin diseases. Foy. Muriatic Acid Pediluvium. R. Muriatic acid, two fl. ounces. Water, eight pints. Mix. Advised by Scott and others in chro- nic enlargements of the liver and spleen. Beral. Muriatic Acid Draught. R. Muriatic acid, ten to twenty drops. Barley water, eight ounces. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful three or four times a day. Has been advised in stone in the bladder. Ellis. R Muriatic Acid Injection. Muriatic acid, two drops. Water, four fl. ounces. Mix. For injection into the bladder, in phosphatic calculus. Balman. Muriatic Acid Liniment. R. Balsam Peru, one drachm. Spermaceti, White wax, Muriatic acid, each, two drachms. Olive oil, two fl. ounces. Water, six fl. ounces. Rub well together. To be applied twice a day. Ratier. ACIDUM XITEICUM. — NITRO-MUEI ATI CUM, 97 ACIDUM NITRICUM. Nitric Acid. Nitric acid of the sp. gr. 1.42. Crude nitric acid, Ph. Germ., has the sp. gr. 1.323 to 1.331; the pure acid is of 1.185, and fuming nitric acid of 1.520 to 1.525 sp. gr. R Diluted Nitric Acid. Nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.42), three troyounces. Distilled water, sufficient to make a pint. Mix. Dose, twenty to forty drops, in sweet- ened water, three times a day. U. S. Ph. The sp. gr. of diluted nitric acid is 1.068, U. S. Ph.; 1.086 to 1.089, Ph. Germ.; 1.101. Brit. Ph. R. Nitric acid, half fl. drachm. Water, one pint and a half. Syrup of cin- namon, one ii. ounce and a half. Mix. In syphilis, chronic hepatitis, etc. A spoonful every two or three hours. Augustin. R. Nitric acid, two fl. scruples. Opium, two grains. Water, two fl. ounces. Syrup of cinnamon, half fl. ounce. Mix. A spoonful every hour, in barley water. In dysentery, cholera, etc. Ammon. half fl. drachm. S Collutory of Nitric Acid. Nitric acid, one fl. scruple. Honey of roses, Syrup of mul- berries, each, half fl. ounce. Mix. To touch obstinate venereal ulcers in the mouth. Phoebus. R. Nitric acid, Gum Arabic, Sugar, each, Water, three drachms, eight fl. ounces. Fomentation of Nitric Acid. R. Nitric acid, one part. Distilled water, ninety-six parts. Mix. Used to destroy the fetid smell of foul ulcer3 ; also as a wash in itch. Soubeiran. Lotion of Nitric Acid, R. Nitric acid, half to one fl. drachm. Laudanum one fl. drachm. Rose water, six fl. ounces. Mix. To wash venereal ulcers. Phoebus. Mix. A small tablespoonful in water, as oc- casion may require. As a tonic, to arrest colliquative sweats, etc. Ellis. Ointment of Nitric Acid. R. Lard, fifty parts. Nitric, acid, three parts. Mix and stir at a moderate heat until blue litmus paper is scarcely reddened ; then pour into paper moulds. Used as an appli- cation to porrigo, psora, etc. Ph. Germ. R Nitric Acid Lemonade. R. Nitric acid, forty-eight grains. Simple syrup, five troyounces. Water, forty-five troyounces. Mix. Paris Codex. Nitric Acid Mixture. R. Nitric acid, two fl. drachms. Raspberry syrup, Sugar, Water, A wineglassful, with water, in fetid breath. 7 three fl. ounces. three ounces. two pints. as much Seltzer Cadet. Liniment of Nitric Acid. Nitric acid, two fl. ounces. Oil of turpentine, three fl. ounces. Theriac, three drachms. Honey, one ounce. Alcohol, six fl. ounces. Mix. As a rubefacient, has been used in cholera. Foy. Injection of Nitric Acid. R. Nitric acid, twenty drops. Water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful to be injected every hour, in gleet. Durlcee. ACIDUM NITRO-MURIA- TICUM. Nitro-Muriatic Acid. R. Nitric acid, three troyounces. Muriatic acid, five troyounces. Mix in a glass vessel, and when efferves- cence has ceased keep in a cool, dark place. U. S. Ph. Dose, three or four drops. 98 ACIDUM OXALICUM. — ACIDUM PHOSPHOEICUM, R. Muriatic acid, Nitric acid, three parts, one part. Mix. Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. Diluted Nitro -Muriatic Acid. B. Nitric acid, one and a half troyounces. Muriatic acid, two and a half troyounces. Distilled water, sufficient to make a pint. Mix the acids, shake occasionally during twenty-four hours, then add the water. U. S. Ph. B. Nitric acid, three fl. ounces. Muriatic acid, four fl. ounces. Distilled water, twenty-five fl. ozs. Mix the acids, and after twenty-four hours add the water. Sp. gr. 1.074. Brit. Ph. Nitro-Muriatic Acid Bath. B. Nitro-muriatic acid, six fl. ounces. Water, three gallons. Mix. Recommended by Scott as a foot- bath in chronic hepatitis. ACIDUM OXALICUM. Oxalic Acid. This acid exists in many plants in combi- nation with lime or potash, but is usually obtained hy the action of nitric acid on sugar or starch. It is in the form of colorless, transparent, prismatic crystals, having no odor, but a very acid taste. This acid is an active poison in large doses. It is not used in medicine in this country, but is employed in Trance. Lozenges of Oxalic Acid. B. Powdered oxalic acid, one drachm. "White sugar, eight ounces. Gum tragacanth, two scruples. Water of orange-peel, five fl. drs. Oil of lemons, eight drops. Mix, and form lozenges of ten grains each. Cottereau. ACIDUM piiosrnomcuM. Phosphoric Acid. Glacial Phosphoric Acid. It is prepared by decomposing calcined hones with sulphuric acid in excess, and purifying the concentrated liquid either by the addition of alcohol, or ammonia, the phosphate of ammonium to be decomposed by heat. It is in glass-like masses, transparent, colorless, deliquescent on exposure, and soluble in water and alcohol. The aqueous solution, supersaturated with ammonia, pro- duces on standing but a slight precipitate. Diluted Phosphoric Acid. R. Phosphorus, five drachms. Nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.42), five troyounces. Distilled water, sufficient. Mix the nitric acid with half a pint of water in a porcelain capsule of the capacity of two pints ; add the phosphorus, and in- vert over it a glass funnel, so that its rim may rest just above the surface of the liquid. Apply heat, taking care not to allow the reaction to become too violent. Should some phosphorus remain undissolved, add more nitric acid, diluted as above, until solution is effected. Then evaporate until all excess of nitric acid has been expelled, and add distilled water sufficient to make the acid measure twenty-five fluidounces. U. S. Ph. R. Glacial phosphoric acid, a troy- ounce. Nitric acid, forty grains. Distilled water. sufficient. Dissolve the glacial phosphoric acid in three fluidounces of water, add the nitric acid, and boil until a syrupy liquid is left, to which sufficient water is to be added to make it measure twelve and a half fluid- ounces. U. S. Ph. The sp. gr. of this acid is 1.056, U. S. Ph.; 1.08, Brit. Ph.; 1.120, Ph. Germ. This acid is stated to be useful in nervous disorders, in lithiasis with phosphatic de- posits, in morbid ossifications, in diabetes, to allay thirst, etc., and as a local applica- tion in caries. The dose of the dilute acid is from ten drops to a fluidrachm in gum- water. Pills of Phosphoric Acid. R. Diluted phosphoric acid, Assafoetida, each, three drachms. Powdered calamus, q. s. Make one hundred and eighty pills. Dose, five to ten, three times a day. Kecom- mended in caries. Phoebus. Fomentation of Phosphoric Acid. R. Diluted phosphoric acid, one oz. Decoction of chamomile, eight ozs. ACIDUM SUCCINICTJM. — ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. 99 Mix. Employed in caries, and as an injec- tion in fistulas. Augustin. Phosphoric Tincture of Myrrh. B. Tincture of myrrh, half a fl. ounce. ■Diluted phosphoric acid, thirty drops. Mix. Used in caries of the teeth or bones. Augustin. Phosphoric Acid Lemonade. B. Phosphoric acid, (sp. gr. 1.45), forty-eight grains. Simple syrup, five troyounces. Water, forty-five troyounces. Mix. Dose, about an ounce, to relieve thirst in diabetes, etc. Paris Codex. The diluted phosphoric acid, U. S. Ph., is one-eighth the strength of the phosphoric acid of the Paris Codex. ACIDUM SUCCINICUM. Succinic Acid. It is obtained from amber, by heating it in a retort until a brown, empyreumatic oil begins to come over. It occurs in yellowish crystals having the odor of oil of amber, freely soluble in alcobol and boiling water, less in ether, and slightly in oil of turpen- tine. Ph. Germ. It has been recommended as an antispas- modic and diaphoretic in cutaneous diseases, gout, convulsions, etc., but is most fre- quently employed in its combination with ammonia. Dose, five to twenty grains, in the form of powder, or dissolved in thirty times its weight of water. ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. Sulphuric Acid. Dilute Sulphuric Acid. B. Sulphuric acid, two troyounces. Water, sufficient to make a pint. Add the acid gradually to the water in a glass vessel, and mix them. JJ. S. Ph. Dose, ten to twenty drops. B. Sulphuric acid, one part. Distilled water, nine parts. Mix. Paris Codex. Its specific gravity is 1.082, U. S. Ph.; 1.094, Brit. Ph. ; 1.113 to 1.117, Ph. Germ. Elixir of Vitriol. B. Sulphuric acid, six troyounces. Ginger, bruised, one troyounce. Cinnamon, bruised, one troyounce and a half. Alcohol, sufficient. Gradually add the acid to a pint of alco- hol. Pack the mixed ginger and cinnamon firmly in a percolator, and pour alcohol upon them until a pint of tincture is obtained. Then mix the diluted acid and the tincture. Dose, ten to twenty drops in sweetened water. U. S. Ph. The formula of Brit. Ph. orders about one-half of the sulphuric acid and aromat- ics. B. Cinnamon, bruised, four parts. Cardamom, " Cloves, " Galangal, " Ginger, " each, one part. Alcohol, sp. gr. 892, fifty parts. Sulphuric acid, two parts. Digest for a week, and filter. Used like the preceding, both being simplified substi- tutes for Mynsicht's elixir. Ph. Germ. Sulphuric Acid and Alcohol. B. Sulphuric acid, one part. Alcohol, three parts. Add the acid gradually to the alcohol, and mix them. Haller's Elixir. Ph. Germ. Dose, ten to twenty drops in water. B. Sulphuric acid, four ounces. Acetic acid, Alcohol, each, two pounds. Mix. Vulnerary, antiseptic, and astrin- gent. Dose, internally, twenty or thirty drops, in an appropriate vehicle. Exter- nally, as a lotion to foul ulcers and contu- sions, and to arrest bleeding. Campana. B. Vinegar, six parts. Alcohol, 68 pr. ct., three parts. Diluted sulphuric acid, one part. Clarified honey, two parts. Mix. Theden's vulnerary. Ph. Germ. Sulphuric Acid and Nitric Ether. B. Sulphuric acid, Nitric ether, equal parts. Mix very gradually. Dose, five to ten drops in an ounce of water. Found bene- ficial in spasmodic attacks, sinking, and hemorrhages. Vogler. Sulphuric Acid Lemonade. B. Sulphuric acid, forty-eight grains. Simple syrup, five troyounces. Water, forty-five troyounces. 100 ACIDUM SULPHUROSUM. — ACIDUM TAmCUM, Mix. As a cooling drink in hemorrhages, and also found useful as a preventive of the effects of lead. Paris Codex. Sulphuric Acid Liniment. R. Sulphuric acid, two drachms. Olive oil, two and a half ounces. Oil of turpentine, one ounce. Mix. In gentle frictions to chilblains, where the skin is not broken. Foy. Sulphuric Acid Ointment. R. Olive oil, eight parts. Add gradually, constantly stirring. Sulphuric acid, five parts. After standing for twenty-four hours, wash well in tepid water, till it will not redden litmus-paper. Has been used in itch and paralysis, in frictions. Brugnatelli. ACIDUM SULPHUROSUM. Sulphurous Acid. R. Sulphuric acid, eight troy ounces. Charcoal in coarse powder, one troyounce. Distilled water, thirty-six fl. ounces. Mix the acid and charcoal in a matrass, apply heat until gas ceases to be evolved, and pass the sulphurous acid gas first through a washing bottle containing some water into the distilled water contained in a two-necked bottle, which is to be kept cool ; the unab- sorbed gas should be conducted into a solu- tion of carbonate of sodium. U. S. Ph. The specific gravity of this acid is about 1.035 U. 8. Ph., 1.04 Brit. Ph. It has a strong odor of burning sulphur, and should be pro- tected from contact with the atmosphere. It acts powerfully as a disinfectant and anti- septic, is employed externally in skin dis- eases of parasitic origin, and has been re- commended in typhoid fever and in diseases of the air-passages. Dose, twenty minims to a teaspoonful, largely diluted. Sulphurous Acid Mixture. R. Sulphurous acid, two to four drachms. Syrup of orange peel, half an ounce. Water, sufficient for six fl. ounces. Mix. Dose a tablespoon ful every four liours in typhoid fever. Where diarrhoea is present, two drachms of dilute sulphuric acid and twenty minims of tincture of op ium are added. 6r. Wilks. ACIDUM TANNICTJM. Tannic Acid. R. Powdered galls, Washed ether, of each, a sufficient quantity. Expose the powder to a damp atmosphere for 24 hours, then mix with sufficient ether to form a soft paste. After six hours ex- press the mixture enveloped in canvas, powerfully between tinned plates ; macerate the residue with a fresh portion of ether, and express as before. Mix the liquids, evaporate spontaneously to a syrupy con- sistence, spread upon glass or tinned plates, and dry quickly in a drying closet. U. S. Ph. Tannic acid is of a yellowish-white color, of a powerfully astringent taste, soluble in water, less so in alcohol or ether. It is a strong astringent, and has been successfully used in hemorrhage and other fluxes. The dose is from two to ten grains. Pills of Tannic Acid. R. Tannic acid, eight or twelve grains. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient to make eight pills. One to be given every two or three hours in gonorrhoea. Ellis. Pills of Tannic Acid and Opium. R. Tannic acid, half a drachm. Extract of opium, three-quarters of a grain. Conserve of roses, sufficient to make twenty pills. One every hour in uterine hemorrhage. Dumars. Troches of Tannic Acid. R. Tannic acid, one troyounce. Sugar, powdered, ten troyounces. Tragacanth, powdered, two drachms. Orange flower water, sufficient. Beat together into a uniform mass, and divide into four hundred and eighty loz- enges. U. 8. Ph. Each lozenge contains one grain, or, ac- cording to Brit. Ph., half a grain of tannin. Glycerite of Tannic Acid. R. Tannic acid, two troyounces. Glycerin, half a pint. Triturate them together, and dissolve by the aid of heat. U. S. Ph. Glycerin of tannic acid, Brit. Ph., is nearly identical with this. AOIDUM TAKTAEICUM, 101 Gargle of Tannic Acid. R. Tannic acid, one drachm. Honey of roses, two ounces. Rose water, two fl. ounces. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. As a gargle, to arrest mercurial salivation. Beral. Inhalation of Tannic Acid. R. Tannic acid, ten or twenty grains. Water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. Used by atomizer, in haemopty- sis. Da Costa. R. Tannic acid, three grains. Extract of hyoscyamus, two grains. Water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. In chronic bronchitis. Beigel. Injection of Tannic Acid. R. Tannic acid, half a drachm. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve. In gleet and leucorrhcea. B6ral. R. Tannic acid, half a drachm. Good claret wine, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve. Ricord. Syrup of Tannin. R. Tannic acid, one ounce. Water, eight ounces. Sugar, fifteen ounces. Dissolve with heat and strain. Dose, a tablespoonful in passive hemorrhages. Foy. Aromatic Syrup of Tannin. R. Tannic acid, sixty -four grains. Powdered cinnamon, one drachm. Powdered nutmeg, half a, drachm. Glycerin, six fl. drachms. Sugar, seven troyounces. Water, twenty-two fl. drachms. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain from the aromatic powders, by per- colation with diluted alcohol, one fl. ounce of tincture. Dissolve the tannic acid in the glycerin, add the water, boil and filter. Dissolve the sugar in the filtrate, and add the tincture. D. G. Potts. Mixture of Tannic Acid. R. Tannic acid, twelve grains. Syrup of rhatany, Syrup of gum, each, one fl. ounce. Camphor water, four fl. ounces. Mix. Six to twelve spoonfuls a day, in diarrhoea. Beral. Suppositories of Tannic Acid. R. Tannic acid, sixty grains. Oil of theobroma, three hundred grains. Mix the tannin well with sixty grains of the oil, add it to the remainder of the oil previously melted and cooled again to 95° ; then pour into moulds and make twelve suppositories. U. S. Ph. They contain five grains each, or, if made according to Brit. Ph., three grains of tannin. Ointment of Tannic Acid. R. Tannic acid, thirty grains. Lard, a troyounce. Rub the tannic acid well with the lard gradually added. U. S. Ph. ACIDUM TARTARICUM. Tartaric Acid. Is prepared from bi-tartrate of potassium, by saturating the excess of acid with chalk, and decomposing the insoluble tartrate of calcium by means of dilute sulphuric acid, evaporating and crystallizing. It is cooling and diuretic in doses of a drachm or more. Syrup of Tartaric Acid. R. Tartaric acid, Distilled water, Dissolve and mix with Cold simple syrup, two ounces, four ounces. ninety-four ounces. Paris Codex. Lozenges of Tartaric Acid. R. Powdered tartaric acid, three drachms. White sugar, one pound. Oil of lemons, sixteen drops. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Make into lozenges of twelve grains. Used to allay thirst. Cottereau. Lemonade of Tartaric Acid. R. Syrup of tartaric acid, one part. Water, nine parts. Mix. For an agreeable acidulous drink. Paris Codex. 102 ACIDUM VALEKIAXICUM. — ACOXITUM Effervescing Powders. R. Tartaric acid, five drachms. Divide into twelve powders. R. Bicarbonate of sodium, six drachms. Divide into twelve powders. U. S. Ph. An acid and alkaline powder are sepa- rately dissolved in water, and the mixed so- lutions are taken in a state of effervescence. R. Powdered bicarbonate of sodium, ten parts. Powdered tartaric acid, nine parts. Powdered white sugar, nineteen parts. Dry the articles thoroughly. Mix them, and keep the powder in a dry place. Ph. Germ. ACIDUM YALERIANICUM. Valerianic Acid. This acid may be obtained by. distilling valerian with water until the distillate ceases to have an acid reaction ; the liquid is neutralized with soda, evaporated nearly to crystallization, supersaturated with sul- phuric acid, and distilled. Or valerian may be boiled with a weak solution of carbonate of sodium, the ex- pressed liquid supersaturated with sulphuric acid, and distilled. The acid distillate is neutralized by soda and treated as before ; finally the oily acid is separated from the water. Paris Codex digests one hundred parts of cut valerian, five hundred water, six bichro- mate of potassium, and ten parts of sul- phuric acid for twenty-four hours, distils, and proceeds as above. Artificial Valerianic Acid. R. Bichromate of potassium, ten pounds. Water, twenty pounds. Dissolve with heat, allow to cool, and add a mix t ure of Sulphuric acid, ten pounds. Rectified fusel oil, two pounds. Distil sixteen pounds, add to the residue Sulphuric acid, six pounds. And again distil about four pounds. Neu- tralize the mixed distillates with carbonate of sodium, remove the oil (amyl-valerian- ate) concentrate the liquid, supersaturate With si. i | ill uric acid, distil, and separate llie acid from the water. Wittstein. Valerianic acid is a colorless oily liquid of a penetrating disagreeable odor, and a specific gravity of 0.935 U. S. Ph., 0.940 to 0.950 Ph. Germ., 0.955 Paris Codex. It is readily soluble in alcohol and ether, and in thirty parts of cold water, and it dissolves of the latter liquid about twenty per cent. Valerianic acid is used in medicine only in combination with bases. ACONITUM. Aconite. Monkshood. Many species of Aconitum are officinal in the various pharmacopoeias, but the only one recognized by the U. S. Ph. is the A. napellus, a native of Europe. Sext. Syst. Polyand. Trigyn. Nat. Syst. E-anunculacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 751. Griffith, Med. Bot. 90. The whole plant is possessed of highly deleterious properties, but the root is the most powerful. The leaves are also made use of. They have a somewhat nauseous odor, and a bitterish, acrid taste, followed by a peculiar tingling and burning of the lips. They owe their properties to the pre- sence of an alkaloid called Aconitia. Compound Powder of Aconite. R. Powdered aconite leaves, Precip. sulph. of antimon., each, one grain. Carbonate of magnesium, one scruple. Mix. As an anodyne and diaphoretic in gout and rheumatism. Vogler. Extract of Aconite. R. Recently dried aconite leaves in fine powder, twelve troy ounces. Alcohol, a pint. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by displacement, using first the alcohol, afterwards diluted alcohol, three pints of tincture, or enough to exhaust. Evaporate the first pint spontaneously to three fluidounces, and the remaining tinc- ture, by means of a water-bath at 160° F., to a syrupy consistence, add the three fluidounces and evaporate at or below 120° to the proper consistence. U. S. Ph. Parts Codex exhausts with 60 per ct. alcohol. The extract of aconite of Brit. Ph. is the inspissated juice, containing the ex- pressed chlorophyll, but free from the al- bumen. The inspissated juice of Paris Codex contains neither albumen nor chlo- rophyll. Dose, one-half to one grain. ACONITUM. 103 Extract of Aconite Root. R. Powdered aconite root, two parts. Alcohol, 68 pr. ct., four parts. Macerate for a week, express, and treat the residue again with three parts of alcohol of like strength. Filter the mixed tinctures and evaporate to the proper consistence. Ph. Germ. Dose, one-eighth to one-third of a grain. Pills of Extract of Aconite. R. Alcoholic extract of aconite, one grain. Powdered liquorice, twelve grains. Syrup, sufficient to form a consistent mass. Divide into six pills. Dose, one every three or four hours. Turnbull. Aconite plaster. R. Aconite root in powder, sixteen tro}< ounces. Alcohol, Resin plaster, each, sufficient. Exhaust the aconite root by percolation with alcohol, distil off the alcohol, evapo- rate to a soft extract and add sufficient resin plaster to make the mixture weigh sixteen troyounces. U. S. Ph. Used in neuralgia. Oleoinfusion of Aconite. R. Bruised fresh Aconite leaves, one part. Olive oil, two parts. Heat over a slow fire until the moisture has evaporated, strain, and filter. Paris Codex. Aconite Ointment. R. Alcoholic extract of aconite, one part. Lard, two parts. Recommended as a friction in neuralgia. Turnbull. Ointment of Aconite and Chloroform. R. Tincture of aconite root, Chloroform, each, two drachms. Hog's lard, one troyounce. Mix. Apply to the part and cover with Gray. cotton. Compound Wine of Aconite. R. Alcoholic extract of aconite, one drachm. Antimonial wine, one ounce. Make a solution. Dose, fifteen or twenty drops every three hours, gradually increas- ing till some effect is produced. Found beneficial in chronic rheumatism, toothache, neuralgia, etc. Richter. Tincture of Aconite Leaves. R. Aconite leaves, powered, four parts. Diluted alcohol, sufficient to obtain by displacement two pints. U. S. Ph. 1860. Dose, ten to twenty drops three times a day. The effects should be carefully watched. In rheumatism, neuralgia, etc. R. Aconite leaves, bruised, one part. Alcohol of 60 per ct. five parts. Macerate for five days and filter. Paris Codex. Tincture of Aconite Root. R. Powdered aconite root, twelve troyounces. Alcohol, sufficient to obtain by displacement two pints. Dose, five to eight drops. It is also em- ployed as an embrocation or as an addition to liniments in rheumatism, neuralgia, etc. The tincture of Brit. Ph. is nearly one- third, that of Ph. Germ, one-fourth the strength of the preceding. Liniment of Aconite Root. R. Powdered aconite root, eight troyounces. Glycerin, one fl. ounce. Alcohol, sufficient. Macerate the aconite with four fl. ounces of alcohol for twenty-four hours, then pack it in a conical percolator, and add alcohol gradually, until two pints of tincture have passed. Distil off a pint and a half, and evaporate the residue to seven fluidounces. To this add the glycerin, and mix them. U. S. Ph. For painful sprains, bruises, arthritic swellings, neuralgia, etc. R. Aconite root, powdered, twenty ounces. Camphor, one ounce. Rectified spirit. Moisten the aconite with some of the spirit and macerate for three days ; then perco- late slowly into a receiver containing the camphor until the product measures a pint (twenty fl. ounces). Brit. Ph. 104 ACONITIA JTHEE ACETICUS. Ammoniated Aconite Ointment. R. Extract of aconite, one drachm. Water of ammonia, ten drops. Lard, three drachms. Rub the extract and ammonia together until the excess of the latter has evapo- rated, then add the lard. Used for the same purposes as the aconite ointment, but more active and pungent. Turribull. Mixture of Aconite. R. Tincture of aconite leaves, one fl. drachm. Carbonate of sodium, one drachm and a half. Sulphate of magnesium, one ounce and a half. Water, six fl. ounces. Mix. In gastralgia. A tablespoonful, when the pain is urgent. Fleming. ACONITIA ACONITIA. R. Aconite root, in moderately fine powder, forty-eight troy- ounces. Diluted sulphuric acid, a fl. ounce and a half. Alcohol, ] Stronger water | of ammonia, )■ each, sufficient. Stronger ether, Distilled water, Digest the aconite with a gallon of the alcohol for twenty-four hours in a close vessel, transfer to a percolator and obtain twenty-four pints of tincture, distil until one pint is left, to which add a pint of water previously mixed wiih the acid, Remove the oil and resin, and evaporate to four fl. ounces; agitate this with six fl. ounces of ether t<> remove more oil and resin, add a Blight excess of ammonia, and shake the liquid with three different portions of ether of six fl. ounces each. Mix the ethereal liquids, evaporate spontaneously, and. rub tin residue to powder. (', S. Ph. Tin- processes of Brit. /V/.and Paris Codex are more complicated, but yield a purer product. Not u-ed internally, hut successfully em- ployed externally in neuralgia, gout, and rheumatism. Aconitia Ointment. R. Aconitia, eight grains. Alcohol, half a tluidrachm. Dissolve, and add, Prepared lard, one drachm. Mix thoroughly. Brit. Ph. Employed in neuralgia, "by rubbing over the painful parts. A small portion, not exceeding the size of a pea, is to be used at a time. The operation to be repeated three or four times a day. Aconitia Lotion. R. Aconitia, eight grains. Alcohol, two fl. ounces. Dissolve. Used by means of a friction- sponge over the affected part. Never to be employed where the skin is broken or abraded. Turnbull. ADIANTUM Maidenhair. Two species of this genus, A. pedatum and A. capillus veneris, have been much used in Europe as remedies in pectoral affections. They are both bitter and aromatic, but the former is the most active. It is a native of the United States. .Sex. Syst. Cryp. Fil. Nat. Syst. Polypo- diacese. Syrup of Maidenhair. R. Maidenhair, five ounces. Boiling water, fifty ounces. Infuse for six hours, strain, and add for every ten ounces of liquids Sugar, nineteen ounces. Dissolve in a water-bath. Dor vault. This syrup is known under the name of syrup ofcapillaire, and is much employed in France as a pectoral. Dose, a tablespoonful. .ETHER ACETICUS. Acetic Ether. R. Alcohol (sp. gr. .835), three thou- sand parts. Acetic acid (sp. gr. 1.063), two thousand parts. Sulphuric acid, six hundred parts. Mix the alcohol and acetic acid in a glass retort, add gradually the other acid, distil in a sand-bath four thousand parts, rectify this product witli a small quantity of car- bonate of potassium toobtain three thousand parts. Codex. Its sp. gr. is 0.5)2, Paris Codex; 0.900 to 0.904, /'//. derm. This ether is milder, more agreeable and J1THER HYDEOCYANICUS SULPHURICUS 105 diaphoretic, than the other ethers. It is used in low fevers, spasmodic vomiting, and cardialgia, in doses of ten drops to a drachm. Spirit of Acetic Ether. R. Acetic ether, Alcohol, each, equal parts. Mix. Dorvault. R. Acetic ether one part. Alcohol, three parts. Mix. This is employed as a substitute for Hoffmann's anodyne, in about the same doses. Giordano. Mixture of Acetic Ether. R. Acetic ether, Ethereal tincture of valerian, Tincture of opium, equal parts. Mix. Dose, from ten to thirty drops, in hysteria and hypochondriasis. Radius. .ETHER HYDROCYANICTJS. Hydrocyanic Ether. R. Cyanide of potassium, Sulpho-vinate of barium, equal parts. Mix and put in a glass retort, distil by a moderate heat. The product separates into two strata, the lighter of which is impure hydrocyanic ether ; this is to be separated and agitated with four or five times its bulk of water at 120° to 140° F., again agitated with a little water, decanted, and placed in contact with chloride of calcium for twenty- four hours, and then distilled. Sp. gr. 0.78. Magendie. This preparation is said to resemble hy- drocyanic acid in its therapeutical effects, but is less active. Its smell is, however, penetrating and offensive. The dose is one to three drops, in mucilage or emulsion, in obstinate or convulsive coughs. It is scarcely ever used. J3THER MURIATICUS. Muriatic Ether. R. Muriatic acid, Alcohol, equal parts. Distil in Wolff's apparatus, and preserve the product contained in the second re- ceiver, surrounded by snow and salt. Coltereau. It has much the same properties as the other ethers. Dose, thirty to forty drops. Spirit of Muriatic Ether. R. Muriatic ether, Alcohol, equal parts. Mix. Dose, half a teaspoonful. Cottereau. Mixture of Muriatic Ether. R. Spirit of muriatic ether, half a fl. drachm. Parsley water, Syrup of rhubarb, one fluidounce. Mix. A teaspoonful every hour for young children as a diuretic. Wendt. Spirit of Chlorated Ether. (Sweet Spirit of Salt. Chlorated Muriatic Ether.) R. Hydrochloric acid, six parts. Alcohol, twenty-four parts. Mix, and pour into a large retort containing Black oxide of manganese, in small pieces, sufficient to be not completely covered by the liquid. Distil twenty-five parts, neutralize the dis- tillate with lime-water, and obtain by dis- tillation twenty-one parts. Dose, half a teaspoonful. Ph. Germ. iETHER (U. S.)-ilTHER SULPHURICUS. Ether. Sulphuric Ether. It is an energetic diffusible stimulant, and is much employed as an excitant and anti- spasmodic in what are termed nervous dis- orders. It is also considered to be anthel- mintic. In vapor it has been used in small quantities as an inhalation in chronic irrita- tions of the lungs, and to induce uncon- sciousness to pain in surgical operations. The dose of the fluid is from halfafl. drachm to two drachms. Locally applied it pro- duces a sensation of cold and anaesthesia ; if the vapor be confined, it acts as a rubefa- cient. Ether is obtained by distilling a mixture of alcohol and sulphuric acid at a tempera- ture of between 266° and 280° ; the distillate is agitated with a solution of potassa, and then rectified until it attains the sp. gr. 0.750 (0.735, Brit. Ph.). Stronger Ether. Pure Ether. R. Ether, Water, each, three pints. Powdered chloride of calcium, Powdered lime, each, one ounce. 106 EITHER TEKEJJINTHINATUS Shake the ether and water thoroughly, separate the ether and agitate it well with the powders, decant after 24 hours and dis- til a pint and a half. U. S. Ph. Its specific gravity is 0.728 U. S. Ph. and Germ. Ph., 0.720 Brit. Ph., 0.725 Paris Codex. Ethereal Oil. (Oil of Wine.) R. Stronger alcohol, two pints. Sulphuric acid, fiftyy-five troy ounces. Mix. Distil at a temperature between 302° and 315°, till a black froth rises in the retort. Let the distillate, in a shallow cap- sule, evaporate spontaneously for 24 hours, transfer the residue to a wet filter, wash the oil with distilled water, then measure it and mix it with an equal volume of stronger ether. U. S. Ph. Its specific gravity is 0.91. Spirit of Ether. (Hoffmann's Anodyne of Germ. Ph. and Paris Codex.) R. Ether, one part. Alcohol, three parts. Mix. Ph. Germ. R. Ether, Stronger alcohol, each, equal parts. Mix. Paris Codex. R. Ether, ten fl. ounces. Alcohol, Mix. twenty fl. ounces. Brit. Ph. Hoffmann's Anodyne. R. Ether, half a pint. Alcohol, one pint. Ethereal oil, six fl. drachms. Mix. U.S. Ph. Dose, a teaspoonful in sweetened water. Lotion of Sulphuric Ether. R. Sulphuric ether, two fl. ounces. Vinegar, six 11. ounces. Rose water, four fl. ounces. DM illed water, two pints. Mix. As a lotion to painful inflammatory tumors. Pierquin. Syrup of Ether. R. Ether, Alcohol, each, one troyounce. Wat < t, two troyounces. Syrup, sixteen troyounces. Mix in a glass vessel, having a stopcock at the lower part; shake occasionally for a week, and draw off when clear into small bottles. Paris Codex. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. Ether Mixture. R. Syrup of orange flowers, Orange-flower water, each, one troyounce. Linden-flower water, three troyounces. Ether, thirty-two grains. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. Paris Codex. Mixture of Ether and Opium. R. Ether, thirty grains. Syrup, three hundred grains. Syrup of orange flowers, Orange-flower water, each, 450 grains. Water, six troyounces and a half. Mix. Paris Codex. Mixture of Sulphuric Ether and Camphor. R. Camphor mixture, seven fl. ounces. Sulphuric ether, Syrup of saffron, each, half fl. ounce. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. Mixture of Sulphuric Ether and Turpentine. R. Sulphuric ether, one fl. drachm. Oil of turpentine, two fl. drachms. Sugar, four drachms. Water, two fl. ounces. Mix. Two fl. drachms every quarter of an hour in poisoning by nux vomica. Orfila. ^ETIIER TEREBINTHINATUS. Terebinthinated Ether. R. Alcohol, two pounds. Spirit of turpentine, half a pound. Mix, and add gradually Nitric acid, two pounds. Distil off one-half at a gentle heat. Dose, from twenty to forty drops, in syrup or mucilage. Used internally and externally in cuses of biliary calculi, jaundice, en- dorsements of the liver, and rheumatism. Cadet. ALBUMINUM ALLIUM. 107 ALBUMINUM. Albumen. This name is applied to nitrogenated principles contained in animal and vegetable juices ; they are coagulated by heat, and become then insoluble in water. Vegetable albumen is not employed in medicine, the variety generally used being the white liquid separated from the yolk of eggs. Desiccated Albumen. R. The whites of eggs, at will. Spread in thin layers on linen or muslin, stretched over a frame and contained in an airy room, well protected from dust ; when dry put on a second layer and so on. until the dry albumen becomes detached in scales. Stan. Martin. Water of Albumen. R. The whites of four esfss. \\ ater, two pints. Beat first with a little water, then add the remainder, strain and add Orange-flower water, three drachms. Mix. A demulcent drink and as an anti- dote to metallic poisons, particularly corro- sive sublimate. Paris Codex. Iodated Albumen. R. Powdered albumen, one ounce. Water, ten ounces. Macerate for twenty-four hours ; then add to it gradually a mixture of Tincture of iodine, one ounce. Water, two ounces. Heat the mixture upon a water-bath, evapo- rate to dryness and reduce the residue to powder. Renault. It forms an inodorous yellowish powder, which swells with water like tragacanth. ALETRIS Star Grass. Aletris farinosa. Linn. Bigelow, Am. Med. Bot. iii. 50. Griffith, Med. Bot. 623. Sex. Syst. Hexandria monogynia. Xat. Syst. Hremodoraceae. Brown. A native plant, with an intensely bitter root, which is the officinal portion. The powder is tonic in doses of ten grains. Tincture of Aletris. R. Aletris root, bruised, three ounces. Diluted Alcohol, two pints. Make tincture by displacement. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce in colic, and in smaller doses in chronic rheumatism. ALLIUM. Garlic. Several species of Allium have been em- ployed in medicine, but the most important, and that recognized by the Pharmacopoeia, is J, sativum. Liun. Griffith, Med. Bjt. 653. The part used is the bulb, which is com- posed of several bulblets or cloves (spicce), surrounded by a dry, white, thin capsular membrane. These cloves have a peculiar odor, and an acrid and pungent taste. The properties depend on the presence of a vola- tile oil, and are lost on drying. Sex. Syst. Hex. monog. Nat. Syst. Liliacese. Garlic is a stimulating expectorant; diu- retic and diaphoretic when given internally, and acts as an irritant, or even vesicant, when applied externally. The dose in sub- stance is from half a drachm to a drachm, or more. Syrup of Garlic. R. Garlic, sliced and bruised, six troyounces. Diluted acetic acid, one pint. Sugar, twenty-four troyounces. Macerate the garlic in ten ounces of acid, in a glass vessel for four days, and express. Then add remainder of acid to dregs, and again express. Add sugar and form syrup. U. S. Ph. As an expectorant in chronic catarrhs, well suited for children. Dose, for a child, about a teaspoonful. Cataplasm of Garlic. Bruised cloves of garlic, mixed with com- mon bread and milk poultice, in different proportions. Used as a revulsive, but less active than the mustard cataplasm. Liniment of Garlic. R. Garlic, Lard, equal parts. To be well rubbed together. Has been re- commended as a revulsive in infantile ner- vous and convulsive disorders. Gassicourt. Capillary Lotion. R. Garlic, three or four cloves. Alcohol, two pints. Macerate for thirty-six hours, filter, and add of Burdock, eight ounces. The head to be sponged with this every evening, for some weeks. It is said to be efficient to promote the growth of hair. Phoebus. 108 ALOE ALOE. Aloes. Under this name are included the inspis- sated juices of several species of Aloe, and especially of A. vulgaris, A. socotrina, and A. spicata. Sex. Syst. Hexandria monogynia. Nat. Syst. Liliacere. Pereira, Mat. Med., ii. 113. Griffith, Med. Bot., 649. Three varieties of aloes are found in the shops, the Cape, Socotrine, and Barbadoes. The second, when genuine, is the most es- teemed, but the first is by far the most abundant, and, when good, answers every purpose for which the drug is used. U. S. Bis., art. Aloe. Purified Aloes. R. Socotrine aloes, twenty-four troyounces. Stronger alcohol, four fl. ounces. Melt the aloes by means of a water-bath, add the alcohol, mix and strain through a fine hair sieve, previously moistened with boiling water. Evaporate until it becomes brittle on cooling. U. S. Ph. Powder of Aloes R. Aloes, White sugar, Pulverize very finely. Recommended to be blown in the eye, to remove films and specks on the cornea. Radius. six grains, one drachm. Mix. For a single dose, to be repeated three times a day. Brera. Powder of Aloes and Canella. R. Socotrine aloes in fine powder, twelve troyounces. Canella powder, three troyounces. Mix. Dose, five to fifteen grains. A popu- lar emmenagogue, known as Hiera Picra. U. S. Ph. Compound Powder of Aloes. R. Aloes, an ounce and a half. Gruaiacum resin, one ounce. Compound powder of cinnamon, half an ounce. Powder the aloes and resin separately, and then mix them with the compound powder of cinnamon. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Used as a purgative and diaphoretic. Land. Ph. Emmenagogue Powder. R. Iron rust, six grains. Powdered aloes, two grains. Magnesia, thirty grains. Aloes Pills. R. Powdered Socotrine aloes, " soap, each, forty-eight grains. Form a mass with water, to be divided into twenty-four pills. Dose, one to three as a laxative, five or more as a purgative. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. directs confection of roses for one-half of the soap, and adds some vola- tile oil of nutmeg ; pills of Barbadoes aloes are made by the same formula, using oil of caraway in place of oil of nutmeg. Paris Codex directs two parts of Cape aloes to one of confection of roses, to be made into pills weighing 0.15 gramme Compound Pills of Aloes. R. Powdered aloes, half a drachm. " rhubarb, one drachm. Oil of cloves, four drops. Soap, eight grains. Syrup of rhubarb, sufficient. Rub well together, and form forty pills. In tardy menstruation, one at night or oftener if required, so as to open bowels but not to purge. Dewees. R. Powdered aloes, one ounce. Extract of gentian, half an ounce. Oil of caraway, forty minims. Molasses, sufficient. Beat together till incorporated. Lond. Ph. Dose, five to fifteen grains. A valuable purgative in habitual costiveness. Aloes and Assafcetida Pills. R. Powdered Socotrine ^ aloes, ! each,thirt^ Assafcetida, j two grains. Soap, in powder, j Beat with water to form a mass ; divide into twenty-four pills. Dose, two to five. Useful in costiveness with flatulency. U. S. Ph. R. Socotrine aloes, in powder, Assafcetida, Hard soap, in powder, Confection of roses, Beat together until thoroughly mixed. Dose, five to ten grains. Brit. Ph. each, one ounce. ALOE. 109 Aloes and Myrrh Pills. R. Purified aloes, in fine powder, forty-eight grains. Myrrh, in fine powder, twenty- four grains. Aromatic powder, twelve grains. Syrup, sufficient. Beat together, to form a mass ; divide into tweuty-lbur pills. U. S. Ph. Dose, from three to six. A well-known cathartic and emmenagogue, under the name of Rufus's pills. R. Socotrine aloes, two ounces. Myrrh, one ounce. Saffron, dried, half an ounce. Confection of rose, two ounces and a half. Reduce the first three articles to powder, and beat with the confection into a uni- form mass. Dose, five to ten grains. Brit. Ph. Aloes and Iron Pills. R. Powdered aloes, Exsiccated sulphate of iron, each, equal parts. Mix, and with alcohol form pills, each weighing 0.1 gramme. Known as black Italian pills. Ph. Germ. R. Barbadoes aloes, powdered, two ounces. Sulphate of iron, one ounce and a half. Comp. cinnamon powder, three ounces. Conserve of roses, four ounces. Pulverize the sulphate of iron, mix the whole ingredients, and beat into a uniform mass. Dose, five to ten grains. Brit. Ph. A useful emmenagogue in chlorosis and atonic amenorrhcea. Chapman's Aperient Pills. R. Aloes, sixteen grains. Powdered rhubarb, twenty-four grains. Mastic, twelve grains. Mix, and make twelve pills. Chapman. Chapman's Anti-Dyspeptic Pills. R. Aloes, half a drachm. Powdered ipecacuanha, ten grains. Mastic, thirty grains. Oil of fennel, eight drops. Mix, and make twenty pills. Chapman. Mitchell's Aperient Pills. R. Aloes, sixteen grains. Powdered rhubarb, thirty-two grains. Calomel, two grains. Tartar emetic, one grain. Mix, and make sixteen pills. J. K. Mitchell Two or three pills act as an aperient. Hooper's Pills. R. Aloes, four hundred parts. Crystallized sul- phate of iron, two hundred parts. Extract of black ] hellebore, I each, one hun- Myrrh, j drecl parts. Soap, J Powdered canella, Powdered ginger, each, fifty parts. Beat into a mass with water, and divide into pills of two and a half grains. Much used as a cathartic and an em- menagogue. Journ. Phil. Coll. Pharm., v. 25. Anderson's Pills. R. Aloes, seven hundred and eight3^-seven parts. Soap, one hundred and thirty-one parts. Colocynth, Gamboge, each, thirty-three parts. Oil of aniseed, sixteen parts. Reduce the aloes, colocynth, and gamboge to a very fine powder, add oil of aniseed and soap, and beat into a mass with water ; divide into three grain pills. A mild pur- gative. Journ. Phil. Coll. Pharm., v. 25. Pills of Aloes and Mastic. R. Socotrine aloes, forty-eight grains. Mastic, Red rose-leaves, each, twelve grains. Beat with water into a uniform mass, and di- vide into twenty-four pills. Known as Lady Webster's dinner pills, and used as a laxa- tive in costiveness dependent on impaired digestion. Dose, one to three. U. S. Ph. Morrison's Pills. No. 1. R. Aloes, Cream of tartar, equal parts. Mucilage, sufficient to form mass. 110 ALOE, No. 2. R. Aloes, three parts. Gamboge, two parts. Colocynth, one part. Cream of tartar, four parts. Powder finely, and add Simple syrup, sufficient to form mass. Dose, five to ten grains. These purge actively, especially No. 2. Cooley. Fuller's Pills. R. Aloes, half a drachm. Senna, Myrrh, each, one scruple. Assafetida, Galbanum, each, ten grains. Saffron, Mace, each, five grains. Sulphate of iron, two scruples. Simple s} T rup, sufficient to form mass. Dose, five to fifteen grains, used as an antispasmodic and aperient. Cooley. James's Analeptic Fills. R. Antimonial powder, Resin of guaiacum, Aloes and niyrrh pill, equal parts. Syrup, sufficient. Form a mass, and divide into four grain pills. A diaphoretic purgative. Cooley. Peters' s Pills. R. Aloes, Jalap, Scammony, Gamboge, Calomel, Beat into a mass with alcohol. A powerful purgative. Three pills, containing three grains each, constitute a full dose. Cooley. each, two drachms. one drachm. Speediman's Pills. R. Aloes, Myrrh, Rhubarb, each, one ounce. Extract of chamomile, half an ounce. Beat into a mass with syrup, and divide into lour grain pills. A good tonic and Btomachic purge. Burnett, Splenetic Pills. R. St rained aloes, (jJuin ammoniac, each, an ounce and a half. Myrrh, Bryonjr, each, two drachms. Beat into a mass, and divide into four grain pills. Dose, three to five. Extolled in amenorrhcea and hypochondriasis. Saunders. Duchesne's Fills. R. Aloes, Gum ammoniac, each, twenty-four grains. Myrrh, six grains. Mastic, Carbonate of potassium, each, two grains. Saffron, one grain. Simple syrup, sufficient to make a mass. Dose, from ten to twenty grains. Prescribed in engorgements of the abdominal viscera, supervening on inter- mittent fevers. Van Mons. Stahl's Aperient Pills. R. Powdered aloes, forty grains. Extract of colocynth, twenty grains. Powdered iron, ten grains. Syrup, sufficient to form mass. Divide into forty pills and roll in powdered cinnamon. Dose one or two at bedtime. Antichlorotic Pills. R. Aloes, Iron rust, each, half a drachm. Gum ammoniac, one drachm. Extract of dandelion, sufficient to form mass. Divide into pills of three grains each. Dose, three to six. morning and evening, in chlorosis and amenorrhcea. Radius. Bicker's Pills. R. Iron rust, two drachms. Sulphur, "> Myrrh, >■ each, one drachm. Aloes, ) Beef gall, sufficient to form mass. Divide into four grain pills. Six, morning and evening. Radius. Whytt's Pills. Chloride of iron, Aloes, Extract of hore- hound, Assafetida, one drachm and a half. each, half a drachm. ALOE 111 Form a mass. Divide into two grain pills. Dose, four to five, three times a day, in leucorrhoea and hysteria with constipation. Radius. Barthez's Pills. B. Aloes, half a .drachm Myrrh, one drachm Musk, twenty grains, Camphor, ten grains. Balsam Peru, sufficient to form mass. Dose, eight grains, three times a day. Advised in amenorrhoea and chlorosis. Pierquin. Pitschaft's Eccoprotic Pills. B. Strained aloes, Sulphate of quinia, each, one scruple. Mix, and divide into twenty pills. Dose, one at bedtime. Found useful in torpor of the large intestines. Radius. Prank's Pills. B. Aloes, Jalap, each, four parts. Rhubarb, one part. Syrup of wormwood, sufficient to form mass. Divide into three grain pills. Dose, one to four during the day. These are the Grains de SantS, so much employed as dinner pills in Europe. Foy. Aloes and Rhubarb Pills. B. Powdered aloes, Rhubarb, each, half a drachm. Soap, sufficient to form mass. Divide into twenty-five pills. Three or four occasionally in dyspepsia with costiveness. Ellis. Aperient Pills. B. Aloes, Rhubarb, each, one drachm. Ipecacuanha, six grains. Soap, one scruple. Form mass with water, and divide into sixty pills. Dose, one at bedtime, as an aperient ; two or three as a purgative. Ellis. Pills of Aloes and Blue Mass. B. Blue mass, one scruple. Powdered aloes, twenty-five grains. Incorporate, and divide into fifteen pills. Dose, one every two hours till they operate. Useful in constipation where there is a de- ficiency of bile. Ellis, Laxative Electuary. B. Aloes, eight grains. Cream of tartar, two drachms. Honey, sufficient to form electuary. For a single dose. Ad- vised iu amenorrhoea attributed to ab- dominal engorgement. Brera. Extract of Aloes. B. Powdered aloes, one part. Distilled water, four parts. Macerate for two days with occasional agitation, strain, evaporate to dryness and pulverize. • Ph. Germ. B. Socotrine aloes in fragments, one pound. Boiling distilled water, ten pounds. Macerate for twelve hours, decant, strain, and evaporate. An extract of Barbadoes aloes is prepared by the same process. Dose, two to six grains. Brit. Ph. Extract of Aloes with Sulphuric Acid. B. Extract of aloes, one troyounce. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Dissolve and add gradually Pure sulphuric acid, sixty grains. Evaporate in a procelain capsule to dry- ness. Ph. Germ. Pills of Extract of Aloes. B. Extract of aloes, thirty grains. Extract of mix vomica, six grains. Extract of hyoscyamus, twenty grains. Powdered ipecacuanha, one grain. Make twenty pills. Dose, one at night in habitual constipation. — Pilulce salutis. Van Buren. Anthelmintic Suppository. B. Aloes, half an ounce. Common salt, three drachms. Flour, two ounces. Honey, sufficient to form a firm paste, to be divided into twelve suppositories. Used in cases of ascarides. Foy. 112 ALOE. Compound Decoction of Aloes. R. Extract of Socotrine aloes, one hundred and twenty grains. Carbonate of potassium, sixty grains. Myrrh, Saffron, each, ninety grains. Extract of liquorice, one ounce. Compound tincture of cardamom, eight fl. ounces. Distilled water, sufficient. Rub the dry ingredients, except the saffron, together, boil gently for five minutes with a pint (imperial) of distilled water, add the saffron, cool, add the tincture, macerate for two hours, filter through flannel, and wash the strainer with distilled water o obtain thirty fl. ounces. Dose, half a fl. ounce to two fl. ounces. A mild cathartic, tonic, antacid, and emmenagogue. Brit. Ph. Clauder's Elixir. R. Carbonate of potassium, Chloride of ammonium, each, one ounce. Elder-flower water, a pint and a half. Make a solution, and add Strained aloes, Myrrh, each, one ounce. Saffron, two drachms. Digest for twenty- four hours, and filter. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm. Has been recommended in obstructions of the abdominal viscera, in amenorrhoea, consti- pation, scurvy, etc. Pideret. Enema of Aloes. R. A loos, forty grains. Carbonate of potassium, fifteen grains. Mucilage of starch, ten fl. ounces. Mix and rub together. Brit. Ph. Detersive Injection. R. Strained aloes, ten grains. Chloride of ammonium, four grains. Money of roses, one ounce. Fennel water, six ounces. Make solution, and filler. Stated to be useful ill chronic, discharges from the are- llira, to be injected three or four times a day. Soubeiran. Anthelmintic Clyster. K. Powdered aloe Barley water, one drachm, one pint. Mix. Yery effectual against ascarides in the rectum. Radius. Aloe tic Mixture. R. Strained aloes, Myrrh, each, one drachm. Cream of tartar, half an ounce. Myrrh water, six ounces. Make a solution, and filter. Dose, a table- spoonful night and morning, to provoke hemorrhoids. Foy. Alkaline Mixture of Aloes. R. Aloes, two ounces and a half. Bicarbonate of sodium, six ounces. Compound spirit of lavender, two fl. ounces. Water, four pints. Mix. Macerate for two weeks, and filter. Dose, from one fl. drachm to one fl. ounce, half an hour after meals, for persons of a costive habit. Mettauer. Wine of Aloes. R. Socotrine aloes, in powder, one troyounce. Cardamom, in powder, Ginger, in powder, each, sixty grains. Sherry wine, one pint. Macerate for seven days, occasionally agi- tating, then filter. U. S. Ph. This wine of Brit. Ph. is three-fifths the strength of the above. Purgative, in doses of half an ounce to two ounces ; stomachic and tonic, in doses of one to two drachms. Alkaline Wine of Aloes. R. Aloes, } Myrrh, v each, one ounce. Saffron, ) Carbonate of potas- sium, two ounces. Wine, two pints. Digest for ten days, and filter. Bitter, tonic, and stimulant. Recommended in dys- pepsia with pyrosis, in doses of an ounce. Swediaur. Balsamic Wine of Aloes. R. Aloes, Myrrh, Olibanum, Angelica, Balsam Bern, each, half an ounce. one ounce. ALOE, 113 two ounces, three ounces. Storax, Benzoin, Flowers of hyperi- cuin, four handfuls. Wine, four pints. Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. Dose half an ounce. Tincture of Aloes. R. Powdered Socotrine aloes, one troyounce. Liquorice, three troyounces. Alcohol, half a pint. Distilled water, one pint and a half. Macerate seven days, and filter. Dose, one drachm to an ounce. Purgative and sto- machic. U. S. Ph. The tincture of Brit. Ph. is rather less than two-thirds the strength of the preced- ing, but is made with proof spirit. R. Cape aloes, one part. Alcohol, 60 per ct. five parts. Macerate for eight days and filter. Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. Dose, ten drops to one drachm. Compound Tincture of Aloes. R nine parts. each, cut and bruised, one part. Aloes, Gentian, Rhubarb, Zedoary, Saffron, Agaric, Alcohol (sp. gr. .892), two hundred parts. Digest for a week and filter. Ph. Germ. Dose, half to one drachm. Much used in Europe under the name of elixir of life. Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh. R. Socotrine aloes, Myrrh, each, in powder, No. 50, three troyounces. Alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by displacement two pints. U. S. Ph. The pharmacopoeia for 1850 directed one troyounce of saffron in addition to above. R. Aloes, Myrrh, each, in coarse powder, two parts. Powdered saffron, one part. 8 Alcohol, twenty-four parts. Diluted sulphuric acid, two parts. Macerate for eight days and filter. Ph. Germ. Long celebrated under the name of elixir proprietatis Paracelsi. It is purgative, stomachic, and emmenagogue. The dose is half a drachm to a drachm. Well suited to cold, torpid habits. Ethereal Tincture of Aloes. R. Myrrh, one ounce and a half. Spirit of sulphuric ether, one pound. Digest for four days, and add Aloes, one ounce and a half. Saffron, one ounce. Again digest for four days, and filter. Edin. Ph. 1817. This tincture has been highly esteemed as stomachic, vermifuge, and emmenagogue, in doses of half a drachm to a drachm. Boerhaave's Elixir. R. Aloes, ^ Myrrh, v each, one ounce. Saffron, ) Tartrate of potassium, two ounces. Alcohol, fourteen ounces. Distilled water, eight ounces. Macerate for three davs, and filter. Han. Ph. This has been highly praised in visceral obstructions. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm. Stoughton's Elixir. R. Aloes, Cascarilla, each, one drachm. Rhubarb, four drachms. Wormwood, Germander, Gentian, Orange peel, Alcohol, two pints. Macerate for four days, and filter. Foy. Stimulant, tonic, and stomachic, in doses of twenty or thirty drops. each, six drachms. Spirit of Garus. R. Saffron, > each, Socotrine aloes, y one hundred Cloves, ) grains. Myrrh, forty grains Cinnamon, four hundred grains Nutmeg, two hundred grains. 114 ALTERA Alcohol (sp. gr. 0.864), sixteen pints. Macerate for four days, filter, add three pints of water, and distil sixteen pints. Paris Codex. This is used only for preparing the fol- lowing. Elixir of Garus. R. Spirit of garus, three pints, twenty grains. Yanilla, Saffron, ten grains. Macerate for two days and strain. Pre- pare an infusion of Maidenhair, four hundred grains. Boiling water, twenty fl. ounces. Express, strain, and add Sugar, forty troyounces. Make a syrup and mix it with the above spirit, and with Orange-flower water, eight ounces. Paris Codex. This preparation is an agreeable liquor, which is used in medicine mainly as a vehicle. R Suppositories of Aloes. Purified aloes in powder, No. 80, sixty grains. Oil of theobroma, three hundred grains. Make twelve suppositories. U. S. Ph. As a purgative and for seat-worms. Ointment of Aloes. R. Powdered aloes, two drachms. Lard, one ounce. Triturate well. Has been recommended as a friction to the abdomen as a vermifuge in children. Soubeiran. ALT II JE A. Marsh Mallow. Several species of Mallow are employed in medicine, bat that which is officinal is A. officinalis, a herbaceous perennial, with pale purplish flowers, a native of Europe, in moist situations. Sex. Syst. Monadelph. Polyand. Nat. Syst. Malvaeca-. Linn. Bp. PI. 966. Griffith, Med. Bot. 161. The parts used arc; the roots and leaves. These are inodorous, and have a vapid mu- cilaginous taste. They are much employed in Europe as demulcent and emollient, but their place is supplied in this country by other articles. Decoction of Marsh Mallow. R. Marsh mallow root, dried, four ounces. Raisins, stoned, two ounces. Boiling water, five pints. Boil down to three pints. Strain, and set aside until the dregs have subsided, and decant. Ed. Ph. A good demulcent drink. Syrup of Marsh Mallow. R. Marsh mallow root, fifty parts. Cold water, three hundred parts. Macerate for twelve hours, strain without expression, and add Syrup, fifteen hundred parts. Evaporate to the proper consistence, and strain. Codex. R. Marsh mallow root, one part. Wash with cold water and macerate for two hours in Cold water, twenty parts. Strain without expression, and in fifteen parts of the colature dissolve Sugar, twenty-four parts. A good demulcent. Much used in France and Germany. Ph. Germ. Pectoral Species.— Pectoral Tea. R. Marsh mallow root, eight parts. Liquorice root, three parts. Orris root, one part. Coltsfoot leaves, four parts. Mullein flowers, Star anise, each, two parts. Mix the articles, previously cut. Ph. Germ. Pectoral Tea with Fruit. R. Pectoral species, sixteen parts. St. John's bread, cut, six parts. Pearl barley, four parts. Figs, cut, three parts. Mix. Ph. Germ. The above are popular remedies for colds, etc., in Europe. Marsh Mallow Paste. The paste formerly made of one part each of powdered marsh mallow root and wheat flour, and two parts of sugar, is no ALUMINA. ALUMINII SULPHAS, 115 longer used ; in its place, but under the same name, the equally efficient gum paste is officinal. See pages 84 and 85. Marsh Mallow Lozenges. R. Marsh mallow root, ten parts. Water, forty parts. Boil, strain and evaporate the decoction to nine parts ; then add Tragacanth, one part. To form a mucilage ; incorporate with Sugar, one hundred parts. Form into lozenges of fifteen grains each. Paris Codex. Marsh Mallow Ointment. Ointments containing concentrated de- coctions of marsh mallow and other muci- laginous drugs, are inelegant preparations, and their use is discontinued. In their stead the following ointments are officinal under the above title, though not contain- ing any marsh mallow. R. Resin, one part. Yellow wax, two parts. Melt together and add Common turpentine, one part. Oleo-infusion of fenugreek, eight parts. Mix. Paris Codex. R. Powdered turmeric, one part. Lard, fifty parts. Digest for half an hour, and add Yellow wax, Resin, each, three parts. Melt together and strain. Ph. Germ. Powder of Marsh Mallow. R. Powdered mallow root, " liquorice root, each, three ounces. nitre, half an ounce. " camphor, one drachm. Mix, and divide into thirty powders ; one to be taken three times a day. Foy. ALUMINA Alumina. The hydrate of aluminium is found natu- rally in an impure state in the form of dif- ferent clays, boles, etc., and can be prepared in a pure state by the decomposition of alum. Hydrate of Aluminium. R. Alum, ten parts. Carbonate of sodium, nine parts. Distilled water. sufficient. Dissolve the salts separately each in eighty parts of hot water, mix the solutions, wash the precipitate well, express, dry, and powder. Ph. Germ. Used externally as an absorbent and as- tringent. Rust's Astringent. R. Armenian bole, Carbonate of magnesium, White sugar, each, two drachms. Oil of mace, two drops. Rhubarb, one drachm. Mix, and triturate well. Radius. Dose, a teaspoonful three times a day, in chronic gonorrhoea, vaginal and uterine catarrh, and slight menorrhagia. Electuary for the Teeth. R. "White bole, an ounce and a half. Gum lac, half an ounce. Cinnamon, a drachm and a. half. Syrup of pinks, sufficient to form soft paste. Triturate well together and keep in closed boxes. Used as a denti- frice, but is also beneficial in scorbutic gums. Swediaur. ALUMINII ACETAS. Acetate of Aluminium. R. Alum, a sufficient quantity. Dissolve in water, precipitate by means of aqua ammonise, filter, and dissolve the moist precipitate in acetic acid ; again filter, and evaporate. This has been recommended diluted with water in chronic diarrhoea, and mixed with syrup of poppies in slight cases of hemop- tysis. Dose, three to five grains. Van Mons. ALUMINII SULPHAS. Sulphate oe Aluminium. R. Alum, Carbonate of sodium, each, four troyounces. Sulphuric acid, six hundred and thirty grains. Water, sufficient. Dissolve the salts each in six fl. ounces of water, pour the alum into the soda solution, and digest until carbonic acid ceases to be 116 ALUMEN. given off. Collect the precipitate, wash it ' well, dissolve in the acid previously diluted with half a pint of water, filter and evapo- rate finally in a water-hath until a dry salt remains. U. S. Ph It is deliquescent, and has strongly astrin gent properties. Detergent Wash. R. Sulphate of aluminium, two drachms. Water, half a pint. Mix. As a wash to foul ulcers. PennypacJcer. M. Gartnal has found that a solution of this salt, made with about a pound to the quart of water, will preserve a body fresh for a long time, if injected into the blood- vessels ; where it is only wished to preserve the body for a month or six weeks, an enema of one quart, and an injection of about a quart into the oesophagus, are suf- ficient. Dunglison, N. R. ALUMEN. Alum. The U. 8. Ph. recognizes the sulphate of aluminium and ammonium, and also the sul- phate of aluminium and potassium. Most of the foreign pharmacopoeias employ the latter only. All commercial varieties of alum contain more or less sulphate of iron. Most of that used in this country is of domestic manufacture. Alum is employed both internally and externally as an astringent, in doses of ten grains to a scruple or more. Burnt Alum. R. Alum in coarse powder, four troyounces. Heat to not above 400° until the residue weighs two and a quarter troyounces; then rul) into powder. U. S. Ph. This gives a loss of water equal to nearly forty-four percent. Brit. Ph. continues the heat until the loss amounts to forty-seven per cent. Astringent, and a mild escharotic. It is much used to repress Hie growth of exuber- ant granulations or proud flesh. Dose, five to ten grains. Powder of Alum. R. Alum, one drachm. Gum Arabic, half a drachm. Triturate, and divide into four powders, one to be taken every three hours in atonic hemorrhage. R. Alum, a drachm and a half. Catechu, one drachm. Armenian bole, one ounce. Triturate well. To arrest hemorrhages. Dose, a teaspoonful. Van Mons. R. Alum, four ounces. Kino, one ounce. Triturate well. This is the Saccharine Alum of the continental writers. Dose, ten to twenty grains, in hemorrhages or diarrhoea. Ed. Ph. R. Alum, thirty grains. Powdered opium, three grains. Mix, and make six powders, one to be taken every four hours. A. T. Thomson. R. Alum, one drachm. Powdered opium, four grains. 44 cinnamon, one scruple. Mix and triturate, divide into four powders, one to be taken every four hours, in monor- rhagia or in diarrhoea. Radius. R. Alum, two drachms. Powdered opium, three grains. u kino, one scruple. Sugar of milk, one drachm. Mix, triturate, and divide into six powders. One to be taken every three hours, in fluxes. Phoebus. Radius. Alum Errhine. R. Alum, Armenian bole, each, one drachm. Kino, half a drachm. Red oxide of iron, two drachms. Mix, and triturate. As an errhine in epis- taxis. Radius. Boluses of Alum. R. Alum, Extract of Peruvian bark, Nutmeg, each, half a scruple. Simple syrup, sufficient to make a bolus. Prescribed in uterine and other hemorrhages, and repeated as may be required. Elks. R. Alum, five grains. Extract of rhatany, eighteen grains. Conserve of roses, half a drachm. Syrup of rhatany, sufficient to make ten boluses. Dose, one every three or four hours. Foy. ALUMEN. 117 Alum Pills. R. Alum, six grains. Extract of opium, one grain. Catechu, six grains. Mix, and form into six pills. One to be given every two to four hours. In passive hemorrhages and atonic mucous discharges. Ellis. R. Alum, two drachms. Kino, Honey of roses, each, one drachm. Make pills, of six grains each. Dose, one to six a day, in passive hemorrhages. Foy. R. Alum, Extract of Peruvian bark, Chloride of iron and ammonium, Aromatic powder, each, a drachm and a half. Oil of cinnamon, twelve drops. Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, four to six, morning and evening, in passive hemorrhages and mucous discharges. Augustin. Astringent Pills of Alum. R. Alum, Catechu, equal parts. Extract of gentian, sufficient to make pills of two grains each. Dose, four every three hours. Useful in diarrhoea, and especially in leucorrhcea. Radius. Pills of Alum and Benzoic Acid. R. Alum, one scruple. Benzoic acid, five grains. Gum Arabic, White sugar, each, ten grains. Mix, with sufficient water to form thirty-five pills, to be taken in two days. Have been thought useful in phthisis pulmonalis. Augustin. Electuaries of Alum. R. Alum. one drachm. Catechu, Extract of Peruvian bark, each, two drachms. Conserve of roses, six drachms. Simple syrup, sufficient to make an electuary. Dose, one drachm every four hours. In chronic diarrhoea, leucorrhcea, and passive hemorrhages. St. Marie. R. Alum. one drachm. Extract of logwood, half an ounce. Balsam Peru, six drops. Water of sage, sufficient. Make an electuary. Astringent and anti- septic. Recommended in sponginess of the gums. Phoebus. Alum Collyrium. R. Alum, twelve to twenty grains. Rose water, four fl. ounces. Dissolve. As an application in chronic ophthalmia. Ellis. Alum Curd. R. Powdered alum, half a drachm. White of egg^ one. Agitate well till a coagulum is formed. To be applied on a rag to inflamed eyes. To be removed when it becomes warm. Ellis. Pagliari's Haemostatic Mixture. R. Benzoin in tears, one hundred grains. Stronger alcohol, half a troyounce. Dissolve, and add Water, ten troy ounces. Alum, one troyounce. Boil until clear, cool, and filter. De Meyer. Used as a powerful haemostatic, and for the preservation of animal matters, by im- mersing and afterwards drying them. Odontalgic Solution of Alum. R. Finely powdered alum, two drachms. Spirit of nitric ether, seven fluidrachms. Dissolve. Stated to be an almost infallible cure for toothache. Blake. Solutions of Alum. R. Alum, one drachm. Sulphate of zinc, Borax, Rose water. half a drachm. four grains. six ounces. Dissolve. Used as an astringent in bruises, slight hemorrhages, and mucous discharges. Cadet de Gassicourt. R. Alum, half a drachm. Armenian bole, six drachms. Vinegar, Red wine, each, half an ounce. Mix the powdered bole in the solution of 118 ALUMEN. the alum in the vinegar, and add the wine. Used as a local application in epistaxis. Swediaur. Gargles of Alum. B. Alum, Nitrate of potassium, each, three ounces. Cream of tartar, four ounces. Acetic acid, four pounds. Dissolve, evaporate to dryness, and powder the residuum. Half an ounce, dissolved in eight ounces of water, forms a gargle which has been highly praised in inflammation of the fauces and tonsils. Wirtem. Ph. B. Alum, two drachms. Water, four fl. ounces. Dissolve. Said to be useful where the breath is offensive. Cavarra. B. Alum, one drachm. Wine, one pound. Tincture of bark, four fl. drachms. " myrrh, two fl. drachms. Honey of roses, two ounces. Laudanum, one fl. scruple. Mix. As a gargle in scurvy of the gums. Foy. B. Alum, one drachm. Infusion of red roses, Barley water, each, three fluidounces. Add to the solution Honey of roses, two fl. ounces. Ratier. B. Powdered oak-bark, one ounce. Boiling water, a pint and a half. Evaporate to one pint, filter, and add Alum, half a drachm. Brandy, two fl. ounces. Used as a gargle in inflammation of the mouth and throat. Augustin. Injections of Alum. B. Alum, one drachm. J lose water, two fl. ounces. Mix. Id chronic gonorrhoea. Foy. B. Alum, Sulphate of iron, each, twelve grains. Honey of roses, one ounce. Barley water, five fl. ounces. Mix. In chronic gonorrhoea. Radius. K. Stramonium leaves, half an ounce. Boiling water, two pints. Infuse for half an hour, strain, and add to infusion Alum, two drachms, to an ounce. In cancerous affections of uterus. Foy. Alum Injection. B. Infusion of flaxseed, fifteen fluidounces. two drachms, one ounce. Mix. As an injection in cauliflower ex- crescence of the uterus. Clarke. Alum, Tincture of kino, Julep of Alum. B. Alum, two drachms. Sulphuric acid, ten drops. Essence of citron, six drops. Syrup of lemon, two fl, ounces. Water, three fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every hour, in lead colic. Radius. Alum Liniment. B. Alum, half an ounce. Whites of eggs, four. Spirit of camphor, two ounces. Mix. As an application to bed sores. Augustin. Lotions of Alum. B. Alum, Sulphate of zinc, each, two drachms. Plantain water, two pints. Mix. As a wash to wounds and bleeding ulcers. Cadet de Gassicourt. B. Alum, three drachms. Chloride of ammonium, one drachm. Liquid hydrosulphuric acid, one scruple. Rose water, half a pint. Mix. As a wash, in obstinate cutaneous affections. Alibert. Alum "Whey. B. Boiling milk, one pint. Powdered alum, a drachm and a half. Mix, separate the curd, and add to the whey White sugar, one ounce. Dissolve. In passive hemorrhages. A wineglassful occasionally, to be taken cold. Foy. AMMONUCTTM. 119 Aromatic Alum Whey. R. Powdered alum, one drachm. Sugar of milk, half a drachm. Powdered cinnamon, fifteen grains. Cow's milk, a pint and a half. Boil and strain after coagulation. To be taken in cupful doses, cold, in hemorrhages. Niemann. Alum Draughts. R. Alum, one to two drachms. Syrup of gum, two ounces. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, a wineglassful every six hours, in lead colic and uterine hemorrhages. Guibourt. R. Alum, two drachms. Wine, four fl. ounces. Gum tragacanth, Catechu, each, a drachm. Water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. One or two spoonfuls every hour in lead colic. Radius. each, one pound. each, two drachms. Anglo-Saxon Ointment R. Red lead, Olive oil, White wax, Powdered amber, Burnt alum, Camphor, Heat the oil until it becomes of a reddish- brown color, add the red lead and continue the heat ; when the mass has the consist- ence of a plaster, add the amber, and finally, when it cools, the alum and camphor. Highly spoken of as a dressing to foul ulcers. Niemann. Ointment for Chilblains. R. Sweet almonds, blanched, half a pound. Honey, six ounces. Camphor, 1 Flour of mustard, I each, Burnt alum, ( two ounces. Olibanum, Yolks of eggs, three. Triturate well. This paste is to be thinned in a little water, and rubbed on the inflamed parts night and morning, and then washed off in tepid water, and afterward the parts well dried with a linen cloth. Swediaur. Rust's Ointment. R. Alum, a drachm and a half. Camphor, Opium, each, a scruple to half a drachm. Balsam Peru, one drachm. Lead ointment, half an ounce. Triturate well together. Found useful as an application to frosted limbs. Phoebus. Pile Ointment. R. Powdered alum, four scruples. Simple cerate, five ounces and a half. Mix, and triturate well. As an applica- tion to painful hemorrhoids. Taddei. AMMONIACUM. Ammoniac. This gum-resin is found in the shops, either in whitish or yellowish tears, or in yellowish or brownish masses. It has an unpleasant odor, and a nauseous and some- what bitter taste. It is the product of Do- rema ammoniacum, Don. Pereira, Mat. Med. ii. 489. Griffith, Med. Bot. 325, 331. Its effects on the system are somewhat like those of assafetida, and appear to be most marked on the bronchial mucous mem- brane. It also is considered to be emmena- gogue. The dose is from six to twelve grains. It is employed externally as a resolvent. Purified Ammoniac. R. Ammoniac, in small pieces, three parts. Water, two parts. Digest in a tared capsule until the gum- resin is completely divided, add sufficient stronger alcohol to form with the water of the emulsion a menstruum of sixty per ct. alcoholic strength ; boil for a minute, strain with expression through a moderately coarse muslin, and evaporate by means of a water-bath to the proper consistence. Paris Codex. Ammoniac Pills. R. Ammoniac, one drachm. Syrup of gum. sufficient to make thirty-six pills. Soubeiran. R. Ammoniac, Myrrh, each, two drachms. Extract of horehound, one drachm. " liquorice, three drachms. 120 AMMOKIACUM, Mix. Make two grain pills. Dose, four to ten every three hours. Augustin. R. Ammoniac, one ounce. Sagapenum, two ounces. Elixir proprietatis, sufficient to make four grain pills. As a remedy in obstructed menstruation. Bories. R. Ammoniac, two drachms. Soap, one drachm. Oil of juniper, twenty drops. Mix, and form pills of two grains. Augustin. Klein's Pills. R. Ammoniac, Extract of centaury, each, half an ounce. Soap, one ounce. Oil of amber, ten drops. Triturate, and make pills x>i two grains. Spielman. Pills of Ammoniac and Rhubarb. R. Ammoniac,) Soap, v each, two drachms. Rhubarb, ) Triturate, and make with water three grain pills. Dose, two pills, three to four times a day. Tissot. Compound Ammoniac Pill. R. Ammoniac, one drachm. Blue pill, fifteen grains. Powdered squill, six grains. Simple syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make sixteen pills. One, three times a day, in asthmatic cough with hepa- tic derangement. Ainslie. De Haen's Pills. R. Ammoniac, Pil. aloes and myrrh, each, one drachm. Sonp, Extract of conium, each, a drachm and a half. Triturate, and form into three grain pills. Dose, four a day, in chlorosis and amenor- rhea. St. Marie. Ammoniac Mixture. R. Ammoniac, two drachms. Water, half a pint. Bub the ammoniac with the water gradu- ally added, until they are thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. The dose is from one to two tablespoon- fuls. Compound Ammoniac Mixture. R. Ammoniac, one drachm. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Make a mixture, and add Oxymel of squills, two fl. ounces. Paregoric elixir, half a fl. ounce. Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, as a stimulating expectorant. Ellis. R. Ammoniac mixture, five fl. ounces. Oxymel of squills, half a fl. ounce. Antimonial wine, twenty-six minims. Distilled vinegar, three fl. drachms. Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally in cough, or humoral asthma. Ainslie. R. Ammoniac, Assafetida, Soap, Powdered valerian, Flowers of arnica, Tartar emetic, eighteen grains. Mix, and make two grain pills. In doses of four or five, three times a day. In amau- rosis, arising from abdominal affections. Richter. each, two drachms. Ammoniac and Nitric Acid Mixture. R. Ammoniac, two and a half scruples. Diluted nitric acid, two fl. drachms. Water, eight fl. ounces. Add the acid to the water, then gradually rub the gum with the acid compound, in a composition mortar. A tablespoonful, two or three times a day It is highly beneficial in chronic catarrh, especially in that of elderly persons. Ellis. Mixtures of Ammoniac. R. Ammoniac mixture, three fl. ounces. Tincture of castor, half a fl. drachm. Syrup of tolu, half a fl. ounce. Laudanum, twenty to thirty drops. Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce. Mix. A dessertspoonful every three or four hours in troublesome cough. Meigs. R. Ammoniac, Gum Arabic, each, half an ounce. Infusion of hyssop, six fl. ounces. AMMONIUM. 121 Syrup of capillaire (maidenhair), two fl. ounces. Eub the ammoniac and glim with the infu- sion until a solution is formed. In tablespoonful doses, occasionally, in catarrhs. Radius. R. Ammoniac mixture, Wine of ammoniac. four fl. ounces. Paregoric elixir, each, half a fl. ounce. Syrup of tolu, one fl. ounce. Mix. In teaspoonful doses, occasionally, as an expectorant. Ammoniac Plaster. R. Ammoniac, five troy ounces. Diluted acetic acid, half a pint. Dissolve the ammoniac in the acid, and strain ; evaporate in a water-bath to a pro- per consistence. U. S. Ph. Useful as an application to indolent and scrofulous tumors to promote suppuration. R . Yellow wax, Resin, each, four parts. Melt together, strain, and add Purified ammoniac, eight parts, previously dissolved in Common turpentine, four parts. Mix. Paris Codex. The ammoniac plaster of the German Pharmacopoeia is identical with this, except that two parts of the ammoniac are replaced by two parts of galbanum. Plaster of Ammoniac with Mercury. R. Ammoniac, twelve troy ounces. Mercury, three troy ounces. Olive oil, sixty grains. Sulphur, eight grains. To the heated oil add the sulphur gradu- ally, stirring constantly, then rub the mer- cury with the compound, until the globules disappear. Boil the ammoniac with suffi- cient water to cover it, until they are thoroughly mixed, strain through a hair sieve, evaporate by means of a water-bath until it would harden on cooling, and while still hot, incorporate it thoroughly with the mixture containing the mercury. U. S. Ph. More active than the simple ammoniac plaster. Used as a discutient to tumid glands and other indolent swellings, espe- cially syphilitic. Sometimes salivates. Ammoniac Plaster with Hemlock. R. Strained ammoniac, three ounces. Extract of hemlock, two drachms. *Melt, and add Solution of subacetate of lead, one drachm. Stir till cold. Ph. Chem. AMMONIUM. Ammonium. Under ordinary circumstances, ammonia exists as a gas, which is readily taken up by water or alcohol. "Water absorbs nearly 800 times its volume of the gas at 32° F., and this solution, possessing the properties of the gas, is usually employed. "Water of Ammonia. R. Chloride of ammonium, Lime, each, twelve troyounces. Distilled water, one pint. Water, six pints. Pour a pint of water upon the lime in a proper vessel, and after it has slaked, stir to a smooth paste, add the remaining water, stir, decant from the gritty sediment into a two-gallon glass retort and add the chloride of ammonium. Place the retort on a sand- bath, and adapt to it a washing bottle con- nected by means of a glass tube with a quart bottle containing the distilled water and cooled by ice-cold water. Apply heat, and continue as long as ammonia comes over. Remove the fluid in the bottle, and add so much water as will raise it to the sp. gr. 0.960, and keep in small well-closed bot- tles. The aqua amnion, fort, of the Pharma- copoeia has a sp. gr. of 0.900 and the above aqua ammonia} that of 0.960 ; two fl. ounces of the former with three of water will form the latter. U. S. Ph. The strong solution of ammonia of Brit. Ph. has the sp. gr. 0.891. Liniment of Ammonia. R. Water of ammonia, one fl. ounce. Olive oil, two troyounces. Mix. Used as a rubefacient and counter- irritant. U. S. Ph. R. Water of ammonia, one fl. ounce. Olive oil. Mix. three fl. ounces. Brit. Ph. Compound Liniment of Ammonia. R. Stronger water of ammonia, five fl. ounces. Tincture of camphor, two fl. ounces. Spirit of rosemary, one fl. ounce. 122 AMMONIUM. Mix well. More powerful than the simple liniments. Edin. Ph. Granville's Lotion. (Milder.) R. Water of ammonia (.882), four fl. drachms. Spirit of rosemary, three fl. drachms. Spirit of camphor (^j to Oj), one fl. drachm. Mix. (Stronger.) R. Water of ammonia (.882), five fl. drachms. Spirit of rosemary, two fl. drachms. Spirit of camphor, one fl. drachm. Mix. As a counter-irritant. Gray. Compound Tincture of Ammonia. R. Mastic, two drachms. Alcohol, nine fl. drachms. Oil of lavender, fourteen minims. Stronger water of ammonia, one pint. Dissolve the mastic in the alcohol, and filter ; add the other ingredients, and agi- tate them well. Well known under the name of eau de luce as a remedy in bites of venomous rep- tiles. It is a good antispasmodic, in doses of from ten to forty drops ; and also forms a stimulating embrocation. Lond. Ph. 1836. Gargle of Ammonia. R. Water of ammonia (.960), halffl. ounce. To be added to a strained decoction of Mallows, Dry figs, each, six drachms. Cow's milk, sixteen ounces. Employed as a resolvent in certain cases of angina. Pringle. Injection of Ammonia. R. Water of ammonia, one scruple. Cow's milk, one ounce. Mix. As an emmenagogne this injection is to be used three times a day. [tinduces a mucous How, often followed by the ap- pearance of the catamenia. It must be need with greal caution, and made Less stimulating at first. Lavayna. Mixture of Ammonia. R. Water of ammonia, Carbonate of potassium, each, two drachms. Cinnamon water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A spoonful every two or three hours, in cardialgia and acidity of the stomach. Jourdan. R. Comp. tinct. of ammonia (Lond.), two fl. drachms and a half. Camphor water, seven fl. ounces. Tincture of castor, one fl. drachm. Simple syrup, three fl. drachms. Mix. Two spoonfuls in an hysteric attack. Ainslie. Mixture of Ammonia and Ether. R. Water of ammonia, Sulphuric ether, each, two fl. drachms. Peppermint water, four fl. ounces. Syrup of cinnamon, one fl. ounce. Mix. A spoonful every hour. Said to be very useful in bites of venomous snakes. Radius. Ammoniacal Sinapism. R. Flour of mustard, one ounce and a half. Rye flour, half an ounce. Water of ammonia, sufficient to form a cataplasm. This is more active than the simple mustard poultice. Phoebus. Gondret's Ammoniacal Ointment. R. Suet, Hog's lard, each, one part. Stronger water of ammonia, two parts. Melt the fats and incorporate the ammonia. Soubeiran. R. Hog's lard, seven drachms. Oil of almonds, one drachm and a half. Stronger water of ammonia, five drachms. Melt Hie lard, mix it with the oil, pour into a wide-mouthed bottle with a glass stopper, add the ammonia, and agitate well. Keep in a cool place. Rubbed on the skin it causes rubefac- tion, and if covered with a compress, speedily vesicates. A useful rubefacient and counter-irritant. Gondret. AMMONIUM. 123 Lotion of Ammonia. R. Water of ammonia, Spirit of tlrpne, Spirit of camphor, equal parts. Mix. As a lotion to the forehead, or ap- plied to the temples, in compresses, in sick headache. Swediaur. Fetid Spirit of Ammonia. R. Assafetida, in small pieces, one ounce and a half. Macerate for twenty-four hours in fifteen fl. ounces of rectified spirit, then distil off the spirit, and mix the product with Strong solution of ammonia, two fl. ounces. Add alcohol to make twenty fl. ounces. Brit. Ph. Employed as a stimulant and antispas- modic in doses of half a drachm to one drachm. Steer's Opodeldoc. R. Alcohol, eight pints. Soap, twenty ounces. Water of ammonia, four fl. ounces. Camphor, eight ounces. Oil of rosemary, " monarda, each, one fl. ounce. Dissolve the soap in the alcohol with a gentle heat, add the other articles, suffer the impurities to subside, and pour into phials whilst warm. Phil. Coll. Pharm. Liquid Opodeldoc. R. Dry Spanish soap, sixty parts. Camphor, fifteen parts. Alcohol, five hundred parts. Oil of thyme, four parts. " rosemary, three parts. Solution of ammonia, thirty parts. Mix, dissolve, and filter. Giseke. R. Plaster of Ammonia. Stronger water of ammonia, one ounce. Camphor, two ounces. Opium, fifteen grains. Ammoniac, Saffron, Gum plaster, Galbanum plaster, Mix well. For corns. A thick layer of this plaster is to be spread on a piece of each, half an ounce. linen or kid-skin, of the exact size of the corn, as it will blister the sound skin. La Foret. Sulphuretted Ammoniacal Liniment. R. Water of ammonia, one ounce. Camphor, half a drachm. Sulphuret of potassium, four drachms. Olive oil. six ounces. Mix. Eecommended as an application in tinea capitis. Bories. Terebinthinate Ammoniacal Liniment. each, two fl. ounces. R. Oil of chamomile, " henbane, Essence of turpentine, Water of ammonia, Tincture of capsicum, each, one ounce. Camphor, half an ounce. Mix well. A very stimulating liniment, found beneficial in asthenic gout and chro- nic rheumatism. Amnion. Spirit of Ammonia. R. Alcohol, twenty fl. ounces. Chloride of ammonium, Lime, each, twelve troyounces. Water, six pints. Prepare as directed for water of ammonia. U. S. Ph. Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. R. Carbonate of ammonium, one troyounce. Water of ammonia, three fl. ounces. Oil of lemon, two fl. drachms and a half. Oil of nutmeg, forty minims. " lavender, fifteen minims. Alcohol, a pint and a half. Water, sufficient. Dissolve the carbonate in the water of am- monia, previously mixed with four fl. ounces of water. Dissolve the oils in the alcohol, mix the two solutions, and add water suffi- cient to make two pints. XI. S. Ph. The corresponding spirit of Brit. Ph. is nearly one-fourth stronger in ammonia than the preceding. 124: AMMONII ACETAS. Mixture of Ammoniated Alcohol. R. Ammoniated alcohol (spirit of ammonia), half a fl. ounce. Oil of amber, one drop. " mace, two drops. " aniseed, ") t ,-, t ' [ each, three doves > \ drops. " cinnamon, ) c Mix. Dose, ten to thirty drops in sweet- ened gum-water, in anorexia and flatus. This is similar to the aromatic ammoni- ated alcohol of U. S. Ph. 1830. Amnion. Anisated Ammoniated Alcohol. R. Alcohol, twenty-four parts. Oil of aniseed, one part. Dissolve, and gradually add, constantly Water of ammonia, Keep in well-closed bottles. five parts. Ph. Germ. Lotion in Hiccough. R. Anisated ammoniated alcohol, one fl. drachm. Spirit of lavender, two fl. ounces. Recommended by Siebold to be rubbed on the thorax and abdomen of infants to check hiccough. Radius. Elixir of Liquorice. (Pectoral Elixir.) R. Purified extract of liquorice, two parts. Fennel-water, six parts. Anisated ammoniated alcohol, two parts. Dissolve. Dose, ten minims to a teaspoon- ful, diluted, as a stimulating expectorant. Ph. Germ. Mixture of Anisated Ammoniated Alcohol. R. Extract of liquorice, one drachm. Barley-water, three fl. ounces and a half. Anisated ammoniated alcohol, half a fl. drachm. Simple syrup, half a fl. ounce. Mix. A teaspoonfdl occasionally in chro- itarrh. aufeland. R. Anisated ammoniated alcohol, one fl. drachm. Syrup of mallows, one fl. ounce. Extract of henbane, one scruple. Mix well. A dessertspoonful three times a day, in chronic bronchitis or in the second stages of whooping-cough. Radius. Vicat's Anodyne Mixture. R. Ammoniated alcohol, half a fl. ounce. Diluted alcohol, one fl. ounce. Opium, two scruples. Camphor, one scruple. Digest for three days, often stirring, and filter. Used on cotton to fill the cavity of carious teeth, and as a lotion to the temples in headache. Spielmann. AMMONII ACETAS. Acetate of Ammonium. Solution of Acetate of Ammonium. R. Diluted acetic acid, two pints. Carbonate of ammonium, a sufficient quantity. Add the carbonate gradually to the acid, until the latter is neutralized, and filter. U. S. Ph. The corresponding preparation of Brit. Ph. is about one-third, of Paris Codex twice, and of Ph. Germ, about three times stronger than the above. The solution of U. S. Ph. may also be prepared by dissolving six hundred and forty grains of carbonate of ammonium in sufficient water to make one pint, and add- ing it to a mixture of four fl. ounces of officinal acetic acid and twelve fl. ounces of water. A valuable diaphoretic in febrile and inflammatory diseases, when aided by warmth ; otherwise it acts as a diuretic. Dose, half a fl. ounce to a fl. ounce every three or four hours. It is also a good re- frigerant lotion. It is known as the spirit of Mindererus. Cataplasm with Acetate of Ammonium. R. Extract of hemlock, one ounce. " henbane, half an ounce. Powder of belladonna, one drachm. s Solution of acetate of ammonium, sufficient to form a cataplasm. Has been found use- ful in ulcerated cancerous sores. Radius. Collyrium of Acetate of Ammonium. U. Solution of acetate of ammonium, Kosc water, equal parts. In chronic ophthalmia. Saunders. AMMONII ARSENIAS. AMMONII BROMIDUM. 125 Gargle of Acetate of Ammonium. R. Solution of acetate of ammonium, Honey of roses, each, one fl. ounce. Elder-water, eight fl. ouuces. Mix. Recommended by Wendt in scarla- tina anoiuosa with ulcerations. Phoebus. Mixture of Acetate of Ammonium. R. Solution of acetate of ammonium, two fl. ounces. Cinnamon-water, one fl. ounce. Antimonial wine, one fl. drachm. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every two or three hours. Ellis. R. Camphor mixture, Solution of acetate of ammo- nium, each, half a fl. ounce. Antimonial wine, Laudanum, each, twenty drops. Mix. To be taken at bedtime, or oftener, in which latter case the. laudanum to be diminished. Ellis. R. Liquid acetate of ammonium, half fl. ounce. Camphor mixture, seven fl. drachms. Antimonial wine, fifteen drops. Syrup of saffron, half a fl. drachm. Mix. To be taken three times a day. Burke AMMONII ARSENIAS. Arseniate of Ammonium. R. Arsenic acid, Stronger water of ammonia. one ounce. sufficient to saturate the acid. To be left to evapo- rate and crystallize spontaneously. Dose, J^th to J^th of a grain. Cottereau. Solution of Arseniate of Ammonium. R. Arseniate of ammonium, eight grains. Water, eight ounces. Angelica-water, four drachms. Mix. Has been recommended, in doses of twenty to thirty drops, in obstinate cuta- neous affections. Soubeiran. AMMONII BENZOAS. Benzoate of Ammonium. R. Benzoic acid, two troy ounces. Water of ammonia, three fl. ounces and a half. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Dissolve the acid in the mixed liquids, evaporate with a gentle heat, maintain an alkaline reaction by adding ammonia, if necessary, and crystallize. U. S. Ph. Used as a diuretic and stimulant to the mucous membrane of the urinary passages and preferred to benzoic acid on account of its solubility. Dose, ten to twenty grains. AMMONII BICARBONAS. Bicarbonate of Ammonium. R. Sesquicarbonate of ammo- nium, at will. Pulverize, spread out on paper, and expose to the air for twenty-four hours. Then in- close in well-stopped bottles. Bub. Ph. This is a white powder of less disagree- able taste than the common carbonate. It is used for the same purposes. Dose, five to fifteen grains. AMMONII BROMIDUM. Bromide of Ammonium. R. Bromine, two troy ounces. Iron wire, cut, one troyounce. Water of ammonia, four fl. ounces and a half. Distilled water, sufficient. Add the iron and then the bromine to half a pint of distilled water, and agitate until the liquid has assumed a greenish color. To this bromide of iron add the water of ammonia, previously diluted with half a pint of distilled water, agitate the mixture, and heat it in a water-bath for half an hour. Filter, wash the precipitate with distilled water, and evaporate the filtrate in a por- celain capsule until a pellicle forms, then stir constantly at a moderate heat until the salt becomes dry and granular. U. S. Ph. The salt becomes yellow on exposure ; it is readily soluble in water and sparingly so in alcohol. It acts as an absorbent in gland- ular enlargements, and in large doses as an anodyne and hypnotic, increasing the secre- tions. R. Bromide of potas- sium, four troyounces. Sulphate of ammo- nium, three troyounces. Dissolve the bromide in six, and the sul- phate in four and a half fl. ounces of boil- ing water, mix, cool, and add one fl. ounce 126 AMMONII CAEBONAS and a half of alcohol ; after twenty-four hours decant and evaporate to crystalliza- tion. This will keep better than that made by the officinal process. Ch. Rice. AMMOXII CARBONAS. Carbonate of Ammonium. R. Chloride of ammonium, one pound. Dried chalk, one pound and a half. Pulverize them separately, then mix them thoroughly, and sublime into a cooled re- ceiver. U. S. Ph. 1850. Aromatic Carbonate of Ammonium. R. Carbonate of ammo- nium, one pound. Oil of lavender, three ounces. " verbena, half an ounce. Grind together and sublime with a gentle heat. R. Carbonate of ammonium, half an ounce. Oil of peppermint, " cajeput, each, twelve drops. Mix, and keep in a closed bottle. Phoebus. R. Powdered carbonate of ammonium, one ounce. Stronger solution of ammonia, half a fl. ounce. Oil of rosemaiy, u bergamot, each, ten drops. Mix, and while moist, put in a wide-mouthed bottle, which is to be well closed. All these are used as smelling salts in faiutuess, etc. Potion of Carbonate of Ammonium. R. Carbonate of ammonium, ten grains. Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce. Tincture of allspice, half a fluidrachm. Syrup of saffron, half a fl. ounce. Mix. To be taken before going to bed. Phoebus. Pills of Carbonate of Ammonium. R. Carbonate of ammonium, ] each, Powdered capsicum, one " cloves, [ scru- " mace, ple. Oil of caraway, five drops. Kxtnict of gentian, twelve grains. Simple syrup, su flicient to form twenty pills. One every two hours in gout in the stomach. Parrish. Mixture of Carbonate of Ammonium. R. Carbonate of am- monium, l 5 Powdered white sugar, Powdered gum Arabic, each, one drachm and a half. Compound spirit of lavender, two fl. drachms. Mint water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every two or three hours. If required, forty to fifty drops of laudanum may be added to the mixture. Ellis. Useful in low states of the system. Solution of Carbonate of Ammonium. R. Carbonate of ammonium, one part. Distilled water, five parts. Dissolve. Dose, twenty to sixty grains. Ph. Germ. Draught with Carbonate of Ammonium. R. Oil of valerian, three drops. Carbonate of ammonium, ten grains. Cinnamon water, two fl. ounces. Mix. To be taken every four hours, in de- pression of the spirits and nervous head- ache. Ellis. Mixture of Carbonate of Ammonium and Ginger. R. Powdered ginger, fifteen grains. Carbonate of ammonium, eight grains. Spirit of cinnamon, two fluidrachms. Water, one and a half fl. ounces. Mix. To be taken in gout or cramp in the stomach. Ellis. Drops of Carbonate of Ammonium. R. Carbonate of ammonium, twenty parts. Oil of lavender, one part. Alcohol, four parts. Distil. Dose, thirty or forty drops in ner- vous headache. Cottereau. AMMOSTII CHLOEIDTJM. 127 Plaster of Carbonate of Ammonium. R. Carbonate of ammonium, Opimn, each, fifteen grains. Camphor, half a drachm. Oil of cajeput, twenty drops. Galbanum plaster, half an ounce. Mix. Said to be useful as an application to the pit of the stomach to arrest vomit- ing in sea-sickness. Phoebus. Camphorated Ammoniacal Liniment. R. Liquid carbonate of ammonium, four parts. Oil of olives, sixteen parts. Spirit of camphor, three parts. Mix. As a revulsive embrocation. Swediaur. Ammoniacal Ointment. R. Carbonate of ammo- nium, one drachm. Rose ointment, one ounce. Oil of jasmine, four drops. Mix. Recommended as a friction, three or four times a day, in engorgements of the mammae, and used by Foy in frictions to the throat in croup. Augustin. Pyro-oleous Carbonate ofAmmonium. R. Carbonate of ammo- nium, thirty-two parts. Dip pel's animal oil, one part. Rub together into a uniform powder. Ph. Germ. In typhus, paralysis, etc. Dose, two to five grains. Solution of Pyro-oleous Carbonate of Ammonium. R. Pyro-oleous carbonate of ammonium, one part. Distilled water, five parts. Dissolve and filter. Ph. Germ. Dose, ten to thirty grains. AMMONII CHLORIDUM. Sal Ammoniac. Purified Chloride of Ammonium. R. Chloride of ammonium, in small pieces, twenty troyounces. Water of ammonia, five fl. drachms. Water two pints. Dissolve the chloride in the water in a por- celain dish with the aid of heat, add the ammonia, filter after some time, evaporate and granulate. U. S. Ph. Stimulating and resolvent. Dose, five to thirty grains. Powder of Sal Ammoniac. R. Sal ammoniac, two drachms. Camphor, six grains. Powdered arnica, half a drachm. White sugar, six drachms. Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, three or four times a day. Said to be efficacious as an enirnenagogue. and also in smaller doses in chronic catarrh. Radius. Bolus of Sal Ammoniac. R. Sal ammoniac, Extract of liquorice, each, one scruple. Extract of taraxacum, sufficient to form a bolus. One to be taken every three or four hours, in scirrhus of the pros- tate, bladder, and rectum. Radius. Lotions of Sal Ammoniac. R. Sal ammoniac, two scruples. Vinegar, one fl. ounce. Water, one pint. Mix. Augustin. R. Sal ammoniac, one ounce. Yinegar, Alcohol, each, four fl. ounces. Mix. In strains, bruises, and external in- flammation. Foy. R. Chloride of ammonium, one drm. Alum, three drachms. Sulphuret of potassium, one scruple. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve. In acne simplex. Waring. Fomentations of Sal Ammoniac. R. Powdered bistort, " pomegranate root, each, two ounces. Red wine, one pound. Heat, digest for an hour, strain, and add Sal ammoniac, two drachms. Useful as a fomentation, in strains and bruises. Foy. R. Sal ammoniac, one ounce. Spirit of rosemary, one pound. Mix. Said to be useful in engorgement of the mammse. The breast to be covered with cloths dipped in the fluid. Foy. 128 AMMONII CITEAS. — AMMONII IODIDUM, Collyrium of Sal Ammoniac. R. Chloride of anmioniuni, forty grains. Acetate of copper, four grains. Lime water, four fl. ounces. Mix. In white opacity of the cornea. Scarpa. Liniment with Sal Ammoniac. R. Sal ammoniac, one ounce. Camphor, half an ounce. White soap, six drachms. Alcohol, two pounds. Digest, and filter. Useful as an applica- tion to contusions. ' Niemann. Collutorium of Sal Ammoniac. R. Pellitory, two drachms. Lavender water, Vinegar, each, two fl. ounces. Opium, two grains. Sal ammoniac, one drachm. Macerate for a few days, and filter. Cadet de Gassicourt. Draught of Sal Ammoniac. R. Sal ammoniac, five grains. Camphor, three grains. Gum Arabic, one drachm. Parsley water, four fl. ounces. Mix. To be taken every two hours in pa- ralytic retention of urine. Radius, Cataplasm with Sal Ammoniac. R. Sal ammoniac, Henbane, each, half an ounce. Linseed meal, an ounce and a half. Boiling water, sufficient to make a cataplasm. Advised in an en- gorgement of milk in the breasts. Radius. Wash of Sal Ammoniac. R. Bran, an ounce and a half. Mallow leaves, six drachms. Water, sufficient to make sixteen ounces of solution. Boil, strain, and add to decoction Sal ammoniac, two drachms. Tincture of benzoin, half a fl. ounce. Radi 'is. Emulsion of Sal Ammoniac. R. Sweet alnrbnds, one ounce. Orange-flower water, two fl. ounces. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. Sal ammoniac, one drachm. Tincture of benzoin, two fl. drachms. Kub down the almonds, previously blanched, with the rose water, and add the other arti- cles. Dose, a tablespoonful. Phoebus. Mixture of Sal Ammoniac. R. Chloride of ammonium, Extract of liquorice, each, two drachms. Linden flower water, six fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, in catarrh. Richter. AMMONII CITRAS. Citrate op Ammonium. R. Fresh lemon juice, one fl. ounce. Carbonate of ammo- nium, sufficient to saturate. White sugar, one drachm. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A pleasant saline diaphoretic in febrile disorders, resembling the solution of the acetate of ammonium in its effects. Dose, a tablespoonful, as may be required. Ellis. Solution of Citrate of Ammonium. R. Citric acid, three ounces. Water, twenty ounces. Stronger solution of ammonia, sufficient. Dissolve the acid in the water, and add ammonia until neutral to test paper. Dose, two to six fl. drachms. Brit. Ph. AMMONII IODIDUM. Iodide of Ammonium. R. Iodide of potassium, three troyounces. Sulphate of ammonium, one troyounce. Boiling distilled water, two fl. ounces. Powder the salts separately, mix them, dissolve in the water, and cool ; add a rl. AMMONII NITKAS. — AMMONII STTCCINAS 129 ounce of alcohol and cool to about 40°, fil- ter through moist cotton and wash the salt with a fl. ounce of a mixture containing two parts of water and one part of alcohol, then evaporate the solution rapidly to dryness and granulate. U. S. Ph. Tonic and antisyphilitic. Dose, one to five grains. Glycerite of Iodide of Ammonium. R. Iodide of ammonium, thirty graius. Glycerin, half a fl. ounce. Dissolve. In enlarged tonsils. Richardson. Liniment of Iodide of Ammonium. R. Iodide of ammonium, five grains. Olive oil, one fl. ounce. Mix. In nocturnal syphilitic pains. Gamberini. Ointment of Iodide of Ammonium. R. Iodide of ammonium, one scruple. Lard, one ounce. Mix. Beasley. R. Iodide of ammonium, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. Mix. Gibert. As an application to scrofulous tumors and cutaneous affections. AMMONII NITRAS. Nitrate of Ammonium. R. Diluted nitric acid, at will. Carbonate of ammo- nium, sufficient to saturate. Evaporate by a gentle heat, till a pellicle forms ; set aside to crystallize. Pereira. Soluble in two parts of cold water. In doses of one or two scruples, it reduces the frequency of the pulse and heat of the skin, and also acts as a diuretic. Mixture of Nitrate of Ammonium. R. Carbonate of ammo- nium, one scruple. Nitric acid, sufficient to saturate ; add Sja-up of mallows, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. Dose, a dessertspoonful, every two hours. Radius. 9 AMMONII PHOSPHAS. Phosphate op Ammonium. R. Diluted phosphoric acid, at will. Strong water of ammo- nia, sufficient. Add the ammonia until the solution is slightly alkaline, evaporate and crystallize, maintaining the alkaline reaction of the liquid. Diuretic and discutient. Recommended by Dr. Buckler, of Baltimore, in gout and rheumatism, as a solvent of uric acid cal- culus, and in diseases dependent on a lithic acid diathesis. Dose, five to twenty grains three times a day. Solution of Phosphate of Ammonium. R. Phosphate of ammonium, half an ounce. Water, six fl. ounces. Dissolve. Dose, a tablespoonful three times a day. C. Ellis. Effervescing Draught of Phosphate of Ammonium. R. Phosphate of ammonium, Carbonate of ammo- nium, each, ten grains. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, half a fl. drachm. "Water, one fl. ounce. Mix. To be taken thrice daily, with the juice of a lemon, in diabetes. Basham. AMMONII SUCCINAS. Succinate op Ammonium. R. Succinic acid, Water, one part, four parts. Put in a capsule, and add sufficient water of ammonia, till perfectly saturated, with a slight excess of alkali ; filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Guibourt. Solution of Succinate of Ammonium. R. Succinic acid, in powder, one part. Distilled water, eight parts. Pyro-oleous carbonate of ammonium, one part or sufficient. Dissolve the acid in the water, neutralize with the carbonate, and filter. Ph. Germ. Antispasmodic and sudorific. Dose, twenty to sixty drops. 130 AMMOXII SULPHAS. — SULPHTJKETIXM, Spirit of Succinate of Ammonium. R. Spirit of hartshorn, two fl. ounces. Sal ammoniac, four ounces. Carbonate of potas- sium, twelve ounces. Powdered amber, six ounces. Oil of lemons, two fl. drachms. Mix the sal ammoniac, oil, and amber, add the carbonate of potassium to three pints of alcohol, mixed with a pint of water, and distil on a sand-bath. Dose, thirty to fifty drops, as an antispasmodic. Niemann. Mixture of Succinate of Ammonium. R. Liquid succinate of ammonium, Elixir of liquorice, each, two parts. Wine of opium, Antimonial wine, each, one part. Mix. Useful in hooping-cough, in doses of ten to forty drops, every two hours. Augustin. Succinate of ammo- nium, fifteen grains. Mix. As a friction in chronic rheumatism, especially sciatica. Cadet. Succinate of Ammonium and Ether. R. Liquid succinate of ammonium, Sulphuric ether, equal parts. Mix. Much praised in gout and rheuma- tism. Dose, twenty to forty drops in sugar and water, two or three times a day. St. Marie. Mixture of Succinate of Ammonium. R. Liquid succinate of ammonium, five fl. drachms. Tincture of castor, Anisated amnion. alcohol, each, three fl. drachms. Tincture of mace, two fl. drachms. " nutmeg, one fl. drachm. Mix. Fifteen to twenty-five drops, three or four times a day, in hysteria. Augustin. Liniment of Succinate of Ammonium. R. Liquid succinate of ammonium, one fl. ounce. Camphorated oil, two fl. ounces. Mix. As a liniment to the neck in angina. St. Marie. R. Camphor, two scruples. Oil of turpentine, two drachms. Dissolve, and add Soft soap, one ounce. Ointment of bil- berries, two drachms. AMMONII SULPHAS. Sulphate of Ammonium. R. Diluted sulphuric acid, at will. Carbonate of ammonium, sufficient to saturate ; filter, and crystallize. Soubeiran. Laxative and stimulant. Dose, from a scruple to half a drachm. AMMONII SULPHURETUM. Sulphide op Ammonium. R. Water of ammonia, four fl. ounces. Pass hydrosulphuric acid (obtained from the sulphuret of iron, and sulphuric acid diluted with four times its weight of water) through the water of ammonia in a suitable apparatus, to perfect saturation. To be kept in a well-stopped bottle. Sp. gr. 0.999. Dub. Ph. A powerful sedative, lessening the action' of the circulatory system to a great degree, and causing nausea, vomiting, vertigo, etc. Used in diabetes to check the morbid ap- petite, by Cruikshank, Rollo, and others. Dose, five or six drops, in a tumblerful of water, three or four times a day, gradually increasing the dose until some vertigo is induced. Sulphuretted Sulphide of Ammonium. R. Quicklime, Sulphur, each, three parts. Triturate together, adding water sufficient to form a paste, and incorporate Sulphate of ammo- nium, seven parts dissolved in water. Let stand, decant, wash the residuum, rubbing it with a small por- tion of water, unite the solutions, and filter. Van Mons. Known as Boyle's fuming liquor, and recommended in venereal complaints, in phthisis, rheumatism, and gout, in doses of three to four drops in water, augmenting the dose until vertigo ensues. "Wilkinson's Liniment. R. Boyle's fuming liquor, ten grains. Chalk, one scruple. AMMONII TALEEIAHAS. — AMYGDALA. 131 each, half an ounce. Flowers of sulphur, Lard, Tar, Mix well. Advised in chronic diseases of the skin. To be rubbed on a moderate ex- tent of surface at a time. Phoebus. Sulphuretted Syrup. R. Boj T le's fuming liquor, three drachms. Sulphuret of antimony and sodium, one drachm. Simple syrup, an ounce and a half. Mix. Has been prescribed in croup, in the dose of a teaspoonful every hour. Swediaur. AMMONII YALERIArTAS. Valerianate op Ammonium. From a mixture of chloride of ammonium in coarse powder, and an equal weight of recently slaked lime, obtain gaseous am- monia; pass this first through a bottle filled with pieces of lime and afterwards into officinal valerianic acid, contained in a tall narrow glass vessel, until the acid is neu- tralized. Let crystallize, drain, and dry the crystals on bibulous paper. U. S. Ph. Used in neuralgia, hysteria, epilepsy and similar affections. Dose, two to eight grains, dissolved in water and flavored with an aromatic and syrup. Elixir of Valerianate of Ammonium. R. Valerianic acid, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, twenty-four fl. ounces. Carbonate of ammo- nium, sufficient. Alcohol, Simple syrup, each, twelve fl. ounces. Peach water, eight fl. ounces. Saturated tincture of fresh orange peel, one fl. ounce. Oil of bitter almonds, five minims. Oil of sweet orange, twenty minims. Mix the acid and water and neutralize with the carbonate ; dissolve the oils in the alcohol, mix the solutions, add the other ingredients, aud color with caramel. Maryland Coll. Ph. A tablespoonful contains five grains of the salt. AMYGDALA. Almonds. AMYGDALA AMARA. Bitter Almonds. AMYGDALA DULCIS. Sweet Almonds. The almond-tree, Amygdalus communis, is about the size and much resembles the peach-tree in appearance. It is a native of Persia and Syria, and is extensively culti- vated in the southern parts of Europe. There are several varieties, the most im- portant of which are the sweet and the bitter : the former having a sweet, bland kernel ; and the latter, one that has the bitter taste of the peach kernel. Sex. Syst. Icosaud. monog. Nat. Syst. Amygdalacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 677. Griffith, Med. Bot. 284. Sweet almonds act as a demulcent; but the bitter have some of the properties of hydrocyanic acid. Butter of Almonds. R. Blanched almonds, ten drachms. White sugar, twelve drachms. Orange-flower water, two drachms. Triturate till reduced to a homogeneous paste. Guibourt. A spoonful, stirred in a tumbler of water, forms an extemporaneous syrup of orgeat, which latter preparation is difficult to pre- Almond Paste. R. Blanched almonds, eight ounces. Oil of almonds, Lemon juice, each, a sufficient quantity. Diluted alcohol, five ounces. Form a paste. Taddei. R. Blanched almonds. Bice flour, each, eight ounces. Bean flour, sixteen ounces. Myrrh, two ounces. Camphor, one ounce and a half. White soap, twenty ounces. Form a paste. Spt'elmann. Used as a cosmetic. Almond Powder. R. Blanched almonds, two pounds. Bice flour, Orris root, each, four ounces. Benzoin, Carbonate of potassium, Spermaceti, each, one ounce. Oil of rhodium. 132 AMYGDALA. Oil of lavender, " cloves, each, thirty drops. Form a powder. Used as a cosmetic. Compound Almond Powder. R. Sweet almonds, eight ounces. Powdered gum Arabic, one ounce. sugar, four ounces. Blanch the almonds and wipe them dry; then rub them lightly in a mortar to a smooth consistence. Mix the gum and sugar, and adding them to the pulp gradually rub the whole to a coarse powder. Brit. Ph. This is the almond confection of the older pharmacopoeias. One drachm triturated with an ounce of distilled water forms an excellent emulsion, which is nutritive and emollient. Compound Almond Lotion. R. Sweet almonds, one ounce. Bitter " four drachms. Form an emulsion with Cherry brandy, ten fl. ounces. Add Corrosive sublimate, six grains. Tincture of benzoin, six drachms. Lemon juice, four drachms. Mix. As a lotion for pustular eruptions on the face. The mixture should be shaken before it is used. Siemerling. Syrup of Orgeat. R. Sweet almonds, twelve troy- ounces. Bitter " four troyounces. Sugar, seventy-two troyounces. Water, sufficient. Orange-flower water, four fl. ounces. Blanch the almonds, pound thoroughly in a marble mortar (alter having soaked them in cold water), mix gradually with one pint and a half of water, and strain with ex- pression. Repeat the process with the same quantity of water, and make up the strained liquor to three pints, in which dissolve the sugar with a gentle heat. When cold, add the orange-flower water and mix. Ambrose Smith. The almond syrup of Paris Co dex and Ph. Germ, are nearly identical with this. The U. S. Ph. directs an almond syrup which only differs from the above in not containing any orange-flower water. All of the " Byrups are demulcent and nutritive. But they are, chiefly used as flavoring in- gredients in COUgh mixtures. No. 2. Artificial Milk. R. Blanched almonds, Make an emulsion with Boiling water, four fl. ounces. Cow's milk, six fl. ounces. White sugar, one drachm. Strain. As a substitute for breast-milk for infants. Eosenstein. Anodyne Milk. R. Blanched almonds, four ounces. Melon seed, Squash seed, each, one ounce. Lettuce seed, Poppy seed, each, one drachm. Triturate well, adding gradually Barley water, sufficient. Strain and express ; to be taken in glassful doses, to which are to be added two drachms of sugar. Pierquin. Milk of Roses. R. Almonds, Rose water, Alcohol, Soap, Attar of roses, one ounce. five fl. ounces. one fl. ounce. half a drachm. two drops. Blanch the almonds, dry them well with a cloth, beat them to a paste, add the soap, triturate well, then add the rose water and alcohol, rub well together, and strain through fine linen. This keeps well. Bateman. R. Blanched almonds, eight ounces. Rose water, three pints. Windsor soap, White wax, Oil of almonds, each, half an ounce. Rectified spirit, twelve ounces. Oil of bergamot, half an ounce. " lavender, one drachm. Attar of roses, half a drachm. Beat the almonds with the rose water, so as to form an emulsion ; melt the soap, wax, and almond oil together by a gentle heat, and rub the mixture with the emul- sion ; strain ; dissolve the essential oils in the spirit, and mix with the strained emul- sion. Redwood. Goulard's Lotion. R. Emulsion of bitter almonds, two hundred parts. Corrosive sublimate, Sal ammoniac, each, one part. Foy. AMYGDALA 133 Almond Cream. R. Marrow pomatum, Almond oil, each, two ounces. Melt by a gentle heat, and add Oil of jasmine, two drachms, stirring till cold. As an application to the hair. Bateman. Oil of Almonds. The kernels of almonds are to be rubbed and shaken in a bag to remove the reddish dust that adheres to them, then ground in a mill or pounded in a stone mortar. The marc is to be subjected to pressure in a linen bag, and the oil filtered. Cold Cream. R. Rose water, two fl. ounces. Oil of almonds, three troy ounces and a half. Spermaceti, one troy ounce. White wax, two drachms. Melt together the oil, spermaceti, and wax, by means of a water-bath, add the rose water, and stir constantly until the mixture is cold. U. S. Ph. Almond Emulsion. R. Compound almond powder, one ounce. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. Rub together, and strain. Brit. Ph. R. Sweet almonds, half a troy ounce. Gum Arabic, half a drachm. Sugar, two drachms. Water, half a pint. Blanch the almonds, beat them with the gum and sugar till thoroughly mixed ; then rub the mixture with the water gradually added, and strain. U. S. Ph. R. Blanched sweet almonds, Sugar, each, one part. Water, twenty parts. Rub together and strain. Parts Codex. A good demulcent, in irritation or in- flammation of mucous membranes, and may be freely used. Aromatic almond emulsion contains in one pint half a fl. ounce of orange-flower water in the place of the same quantity of water, and by adding to each fl. ounce half a grain of nitrate of potassium the nitrated almond emulsion of French pharmacy is obtained. Compound Almond Emulsion. R. Sweet almonds, four parts. Hyoscyamus seed, one part. Dilute bitter almond water, sixty-four parts. Make an emulsion, and add Powdered sugar, six parts. Magnesia, one part. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. Ph. Germ. "White Linctus. R. Blanched sweet almonds, one ounce. Blanched bitter almonds, thirty grains. White sugar, one ounce. Powdered tragacanth, eight grains. Orange-flower water, two drachms and a half. Water, four ounces. Beat the almonds with a little water and most of the sugar until a homogeneous paste is obtained, add gradually the re- mainder of the water, and strain. Triturate the tragacanth with the remainder of the sugar, then add gradually the emulsion, with long-continued trituration, and finally the orange-flower water. The result is about five ounces. Dose, a tablespoonful. Paris Codex. Green Linctus. R. Pistachio nuts (Pistacia Vera) No. 14. Syrup of violets, one ounce. Oil of almonds, half an ounce. Gum tragacanth, sixteen grains. Tincture of saffron, twenty drops. Orange-flower water, two drachms. Water, four ounces. Make an emulsion. Soubeiran. Employed as a demulcent cough mixture. Dose, a tablespoonful. Emollient Clyster. R. Oil of almonds, Brown sugar, each, one ounce. Barley water, half a pint. Mix. Saunders. Bitter Almond Water. R. Oil of bitter almonds, Carbonate of magnesium, Water, sixteen minims. one drachm, two pints. 134 AMYGDALA "Rub the oil with the carbonate, then with the water gradually added, and filter through paper. U. S. Ph. The full dose is a tablespoonful. Concentrated Bitter Almond "Water. R. Bitter almonds, twelve parts. Pound them, express the oil, avoiding heat, and macerate with Water, eighty parts, add Alcohol, two parts, and distil ten parts, or enough so that the distillate contains in one thousand parts one part of hydrocyanic acid, this quantity yielding, with nitrate of silver, five parts of dry cyanide of silver. Ph. Germ. Diluted Bitter Almond "Water. R. Concentrated bitter almond water, one part. Distilled water, nineteen parts. Mix. Also known as Cherry Water. Ph. Germ. Diuretic "Water. R. Bitter almonds, four ounces. Dried elder flowers, six ounces. Peach kernels, four ounces. Cherry kernels, two ounces. Wine, eight pints. Digest for two days and distil one-half. Palat. Ph. Said to act as a diuretic in doses of half an ounce, but requires to be used with much caution. Oil of Bitter Almonds. R. Bitter almonds, twenty pounds. Water, a sufficient quantity. Pound the almonds, express the oil, let the cake macerate in water for twenty-four hours, distil as long as the product is odor- ous, separate the oil, redistil the water, and again separate the oil. Cottereau. Very poisonous, especially when fresh ; principally employed as a flavoring ingre- dient, but should always be used with great caution. Dose, half a drop. Lockstadt's Pills. R. Sulphate of quinia, three grains. Aromatic powder, ten grains. Oil of bitter almonds, one drop. Extract of gentian, sufficient. Make ten pills. The whole to be taken at a dose, before an expected paroxysm of in- termittent fever. Phoebus. each, half an ounce. Mixtures of Oil of Almonds. R. Oil of almonds,*) Simple syrup, V- equal parts. Water, * ) Make an emulsion. Ratier. R. Oil of almonds, two parts. Gum Arabic, one part. Water, seventeen parts. Make an emulsion. Ph. Germ. R. Oil of almonds, Gum Arabic, Orange-flower water, Syrup of mallows, one «unce. Water, three ounces. Make an emulsion. Paris Codex. R. Oil of almonds, one ounce. Yolk of egg^ one. Syrup of mallows, one ounce. Orange-flower water, two drachms. Water, two ounces. Make an emulsion. Guibourt. R. Oil of almonds, Syrup of orgeat, each, seven drachms. Gum Arabic, two drachms. Bitter almond water, half an ounce. Make an emulsion. Dose, a teaspoonful. Radius. R. Oil of sweet almonds, Syrup of tolu, each, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. sufficient. Solution carbonate potassium, Make emulsion. A tablespoonful two or three times a day in catarrh. Ainslie. Cosmetic Liniment. R. Oil of almonds, one ounce. Balsam of Mecca, one drachm. Carb. of potassium, half a drachm. Rose water, four fl. ounces. Rub the balsam with the oil, add the carbonate, triturate for ten minutes, and gradually introduce the rose water. Macassar Oil. R. Oil of almonds, at will. Alkanet root, sufficient to color. Oil of cinnamon, sufficient to scent. St eph. and Church. AMYLUM. — ANEMONE. 135 Bandoline. R. Oil of almonds, one ounce. White wax, one drachm. Tincture of mastic, three drachms. Oil of bergamot, one drachm. Melt the oil and wax together by a mode- rate heat, then add the tincture of mastic and oil of bergamot, and strain. To fix and retain the hair in form. Redwood, AMYLUM Starch. Mucilage of Starch. R. Starch, two drachms. Water, ten fl. ounces. Triturate the starch with the water gradu- ally added, then boil for a few minutes. Brit Ph. Mainly employed as a demulcent injec- tion in irritation of the rectum, etc., and forms a good vehicle for laudanum and other active remedies when given in enemata. one ounce. each, two ounces. Compound Powder of Starch. R. Liquorice root, Starch, Gum Arabic, " tragacanth, V Quince seed, Pop^yy seed, Blanched almonds, four ounces. Sugar candy, twelve ounces. Triturate well. Van Mons. Has been advised in spitting of blood, catarrh, and diarrhoea, in doses of half a drachm to a drachm. Starch Lozenges. R. Starch, Orris root, each, half an ounce. Extract of liquorice, one ounce. Saffron, half an ounce. White sugar, one pound. Mix, and form into lozenges. Pideret. R. Starch, one ounce. Gum Arabic, two ounces. White sugar, one pound. Benzoic acid, half a drachm. Rose water, sufficient to form a paste. To be divided into loz- enges. Swediaur. These lozenges are somewhat stimulat- ing, and are best suited to chronic catarrhs. Starch Jelly. R. Starch, six ounces. Water, six pounds. Boil till reduced to three pounds, and add Wine, four ounces. Lemon juice, one ounce. Simple syrup, two ounces. Mix well, and permit to cool. Swediaur. A nourishing diet for convalescents. Mixture of Starch and Suet. R. Cow's milk, six pounds. Mutton suet, two ounces. Boil by a gentle heat, constantly stirring, and add Starch, a spoonful. Boil a short time, and add White sugar, a sufficiency. Recommended in wineglassfuls. in dysen- tery. Pringle. Clyster of Starch. R. Starch, half an ounce. Water, a pint. Mix the starch with three ounces of cold water, then add the remainder of the water boiling hot. Paris Codex. AMYLI IODIDUM. Iodide of Starch. R. Iodine, twenty-four grains. Triturate with a little water, and add gra- dually Powdered starch, one ounce. Continue the trituration till the mixture as- sumes a deep and uniform color. Buchanan. Dose, half a drachm, to be gradually in- creased to four drachms. Given in cases requiring the use of iodine. ANEMONE. Anemone. A genus of perennial herbs with radical leaves. They are all acrid and stimulating. The species most generally employed are the A. pratensis and A. Pulsatilla, both natives of Europe ; A. Ludoviciana of this country appears to have the same properties, and has been employed by Dr. W. H. Miller in place of the A. pratensis which was at one time in much repute in amaurosis and chronic dis- eases of the skin. Sex. JSyst. Polyand. polygyn. J¥at. Syst. Ranunculacese. Lindley, Med. Flor. 2. Griffith, Med. Bot. 80. 136 ANETHUM.- ANGELICA Extract of Anemone. R. Fresh anemone, twenty parts. Pound in a mortar with a little water, ex- press the juice, evaporate in a water-bath to two parts, add two parts of alcohol, fil- ter after twenty-four hours, and evaporate to the proper consistence. Ph. Germ. The dose is from one grain to four, gra- dually increasing. It has been advised in doses of half a grain to a grain, in combi- nation with sugar of milk, in hooping- cough. Anemone Pills. R. Powder of anemone, one drachm. Extract of anemone, sufficient. Make sixty pills. Dose, one to five, three times a day, gradually increasing! Said to have proved useful in amaurosis. Collyrium of Anemone. R. Anemone, three drachms. Water, sufficient to make six ounces of infusion ; add Corrosive sublimate, one grain. To be dropped in the eye, in opacity of the cornea and incipient cataract. Radius. "Water of Anemone. R. Fresh anemone, four parts. Water, sufficient to prevent empyreuma. Distil six parts. Van Mons. This is the best preparation, as it con- tains the active principle, but will not keep long. It is somewhat caustic, and has been recommended to remove freckles on the skin. ANETHUM. Dill. This is the fruit of Anethum graveolens, an herbaceous plant cultivated in Europe. It is flat, of an oval shape, and has a pale membranous margin, an aromatic odor, and a warm bitterish taste. 8ex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Api- aceaj. Dill is an aromatic stimulant and carmi- native, and is given in doses often to thirty grains ; the volatile oil, which is obtained by- distillation with water, is used in doses of one to five drops. Dill Water. R. Dill fruit, bruised, one pound. Water, twenty pounds. Distil ten pounds. Brit. Ph. Used mainly as a vehicle. ANGELICA. Angelica. The only species of this genus that was formerly officinal in our Pharmacopoeia is A. atro-purpurea. This possesses much the same properties as the Garden Angelica, and is popularly used in flatulent colic and car- dialgia. In Europe, the A. officinalis is generally used ; and, as both species appear to possess the same properties, they may be indifferently employed. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Apiacese. Torrey and Gray, Flor. 1, 64. Griffith, Med. Bot. 322. Compound Spirit of Angelica Fruit. R. Anise, Angelica fruit, each, half a pound. Proof spirit, one gallon. Water sufficient to prevent empyreuma. Macerate for twenty-four hours, and distil a gallon. A stimulant, used as a stomachic and carminative. Dose, half a drachm to four drachms. Dublin Ph. 1826. Tincture of Angelica. R. Angelica root, one part. Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.89, five parts. Macerate for a week, and filter. Danish Ph. Employed as a carminative and alexi- pharmic, in doses of one fl. drachm. Compound Spirit of Angelica. R. Angelica root, sixteen parts. Valerian, Juniper berries, each, four parts. Alcohol, seventy-five parts. Water, one hundred and twenty-five parts. Maoerate for twenty-four hours, distil one hundred parts, and add Camphor, two parts. Dissolve. Ph. Germ. Water of Angelica. R. Angelica root, one part. Water, six parts. Distil three parts. Cottereau. Errhine Mixture. R. Water of angelica, " orange flowers, u roses, equal parts. ANGUSTXJEA. ANIST7M. 137 Mix. Pierquin. This has been recommended to destroy the fetid smell in ozcena. Conserve of Angelica. R. Fresh root of angelica, one part. Water, eight parts. Macerate for a few days, boil, clarify the decoction, and add Sugar, one part and a half. Cook the root in the syrup, and preserve in this state, or dry. Giordano. Essence of Angelica. R. Angelica root, one part. Diluted alcohol, eight parts. Water, sixteen parts. Distil off six parts. Stomachic and car- minative. Van Mons. ANGUSTURA. Angustura Bark. Cusparia Bark. This is recognized by the U. S. Pharma- copoeia as the product of Galipea officinalis, but is also obtained from one or more other species, all natives of South America. It is compact, in flat or rolled, but seldom quilled pieces, of a light gray color externally, and of a yellowish-fawn within. It is very fra- gile, with a resinous fracture. The odor is faint but disagreeable ; the taste is bitter and somewhat aromatic, leaving a sensation of pungency. Its powder is pale yellow. Sex. Syst. Heptand. monog. Nat. Syst. Rutacese. Hancock, Trans. Med. Soc. 1849. Griffith, Med. Bot. 192. It is a stimulating tonic, in large doses acting on the stomach and bowels. It is more used in chronic diarrhoea, and a debili- tated condition of the stomach and bowels, than as a febrifuge. Dose, ten to thirty grains. Infusion of Angustura. R. Bruised angustura bark, half a troyounce. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. It may also be obtained by percolating the bark with water. U. S. Ph. The infusion of the Brit. Ph. is about one-fifth weaker. The dose is two fl. ounces, every two to four hours. Tincture of Angustura. R. Powdered angustura bark, four and a half ounces. Proof spirit, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, then filter. Ed. Ph. This contains the active principles of the bark, and may be given in the dose of one or two fl. drachms. Electuary of Angustura. R. Powdered angustura, half an ounce. Powdered canella, half a drachm. Honey, a sufficient quantity. Make an electuary. . Foy. This has been employed with benefit in chronic diarrhoea and dysentery, in doses of about a drachm. R Mixture of Angustura. Infusion of angustura, six fl. ounces. Cinnamon water, half fl. ounce. Laudanum, twenty drops. Mix. Three spoonfuls a day. Radius. ANISUM. Anise. This is the fruit of Pimpinella anisum, a perennial plant, cultivated largely in some parts of Europe, and often met with in gar- dens in this country. The fruit is of a gray- ish-green color, of an ovate, compressed form, with five pale, narrow ridges. It is aromatic, and has a pleasant, sweetish taste. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apia- Linn. Sp. PI. 378. Griffith, Med. Bot. 319. Anise is an aromatic stimulant, and is used in various forms, in colic and dyspepsia, and to prevent the griping of some purgatives. The oil is officinal, but is almost entirely superseded by that of Illicium anisatum, which is nearly identical. Spirit of Anise. R. Oil of anise, one fl. ounce. Stronger alcohol, fifteen fl. ounces. Dissolve. U. S. Ph. Dose, twenty to forty drops, on sugar. R. Anise, bruised, one part. Alcohol of 56 per ct., eight parts. Macerate for two days, add sufficient water, and distil eight parts. Paris Codex, 138 AXISTJM STELLATUM. AKTHEMIS Essence of Anise. R. Oil of anise, one fl. ounce. Rectified spirit, four fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, ten to twenty minims. Brit. Ph. Anise Water. R. Oil of anise, half a fl. drachm. Carbonate of magnesium, one drachm. Distilled water, two pints. Kub the oil with the carbonate, then with the water, gradually added, and filter. It may also be prepared by distilling eight pints from a mixture of ten troy- ounces of powdered anise and sixteen pints of water! U. S. Ph. Dose, a tablespoonful. • Anise Lozenges. R. White sugar, Anise water, each, two ounces. Evaporate to the consistence of honey, and add a mixture of White sugar, four ounces. Oil of anise, half a drachm. Pour on a cold marble slab. Cottereau. Used as a carminative and anti-dys- peptic. Mixture of Anise. R. Powdered anise, " fennel, Extract of liquorice, each, one ounce. Syrup of mallows, twelve ounces. Mix. Hanover Pharm. Said to be an excellent carminative, espe- cially for children, in doses of about a tea- spoonful. R Tincture of Anise. Spirit of anise, sixteen ounces. Elixir proprietatis, one ounce. Aromatic confection, half an ounce. Pink flowers, one drachm. Filter, after sufficient maceration. Wirterriberg Ph. Stomachic, carminative, and pectoral. Dose, one to I wo drachms. R. Oil of Anise Mixture. Oil of anise, twelve minims. Sugar, one drachm. Tincture of ginger, two fl. drachms. Peppermint water, six fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, two or three spoonfuls, as a carminative. Ainslie. ANISUM STELLATUM. Star Anise. Under this name the fruit of Illicium an- isatum is recognized by several European pharmacopoeias. This evergreen tree is in- digenous to Japan and China. Sex. Syst. Polyand. polygyn. Nat. Syst. Magnoliacese. The fruit consists of about eight capsules, which are united at their base, forming the figure of a star. Each capsule is usually ruptured at its upper margin, showing the fiat, ovate, shining seed. The capsules con- tain a considerable portion of volatile oil, which is chemically and medicinally identi- cal with that of true anise, but is rather less agreeable in flavor. ANTHEM IS Chamomile. Several species of Anthemis are employed in medicine, but the most important and the only one recognized in the TJ. S. Pharm., is A. nobilis. This is an herbaceous peren- nial, a native of Europe, where it is also extensively cultivated, and is also to be found in gardens in this country. The part used is the flowers ; these, as found in the shops, are large, roundish, of a yellowish- white color, a peculiar, somewhat balsamic odor, and a warm, bitter, aromatic taste. Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. As- teraeese. Linn. Sp. PI. 1260. Griffith, Med. Bot. 401. Chamomile is an aromatic bitter tonic, in small doses, but emetic in large ones ; the usual mode of administration is in infusion. Infusion of Chamomile. R. Chamomile, half a troyounce. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for ten minutes in a covered ves- sel, and strain. TJ. S. Ph. The infusion of Brit. Ph. is about one- fifth weaker. When cold, it is tonic in doses of one or. two fl. ounces, several times a day. As an aid to the operation of emetics, it should be given in a tepid state, and largely. Extract of Chamomile. R. Chamomile, one pound. Water, ten pounds. AKTIMONIUM. AN TIM ONI I CHLOKIDUM. 139 Boil down to one-half, press, filter whilst hot, and evaporate in the water-bath to proper consistence, adding at the end of the process fifteen minims of oil of chamo- mile. Brit. Ph. A mild, bitter tonic, in doses of ten to twenty grains. Mixture of Chamomile. B. Infusion of chamomile, four fl. ounces. Syrup of orange-flowers, one fl. ounce. Ethereal tincture of valerian, one fl. drachm. Mix. Foy. This has proved useful in hysteria and other nervous diseases, especially where the stomach is disordered. Dose, a dessert- spoonful. B. Extract of chamomile, Gum Arabic, each, two drachms. Chamomile water, five fl. ounces. Tamarind pulp, Syrup of chamomile, each, one ounce. Mix. Phoebus. Said to be useful in diarrhoea, in table- spoonful doses. Syrup of Chamomile. B. Chamomile, four ounces. Boiling water, forty ounces. Infuse for six hours, express, strain, and decant. Dissolve in every ten ounces of the colature nineteen ounces of sugar. Paris Codex. R. Coarsely powdered chamomile, one ounce. Cold water, sufficient. Coarsely powdered sugar, twenty ounces. Obtain twelve fl. ounces of infusion by displacement of the chamomile and water. Eemove the residue, and substitute the sugar in its place ; on this pour the infu- sion till entirely dissolved. Dose, a table- spoonful. E. Parrish. Terebinthinated Oil of Chamomile. B. Chamomile, one hundred and twenty parts. Oil of turpentine, one part. Beat the chamomile into a pulpy mass with sufficient water, add the oil of turpentine, and distil until oil ceases to come over. Separate this from the water, and filter. Used in liniments for rheumatic affec- tions. Corput. Oleo-infusion of Chamomile. B. Bruised chamomile, one part. Olive oil, ten parts. Digest for two hours in a covered vessel, express and filter. Paris Codex. Compound Chamomile Fills. B. Assafetida, one scruple and a half. Extract of chamomile, one drachm. Powdered rhubarb, one scruple. Make mass, and divide into thirty pills. Three, twice a day in flatulent dyspepsia. Ainslie. ANTIMONIUM. Antimony. A metal of a silvery blue color, very brill- iant, of a lamellar texture, brittle, and easily pulveiized. Metallic antimony, or Regulus of antimony, is not officinal in our Pharma- copoeia, but is the basis of a great number of very important preparations. ANTIMONII CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Antimony. B. Sulphuret of antimony, one part. Muriatic acid, three parts. Dissolve by aid of a gentle heat, let stand, decant, evaporate, and then distil almost to dryness. Paris Codex. Solution of Chloride of Antimony. B. Black sulphuret of antimony, one pound. Muriatic acid, four pints. Add, apply a gentle and increasing heat, and finally boil for fifteen minutes. Strain and boil down to two pints (imper.). Sp. gr. 1.47. Brit. Ph. The specific gravity directed by Ph. Germ, is 1.34 to 1.36. The butter of antimony is used as a caustic, to destroy fungous flesh and to cau- terize poisoned wounds. Ointment of Chloride of Antimony. B. Liquid chloride of antimony, Corrosive sublimate, each, one drachm. 140 AXTIMONII SULPHUEETUM, Powdered savine, Laid, two drachms, six drachms. Mix. To destroy venereal excrescences. Radius. ANTIMONII OXIDUM. Oxide op Antimony. R. Solution of chloride of antimony, sixteen fl. ounces. Carbonate of sodium, six ounces. Water, twenty pounds. Pour the antimonial solution into the water, mix, let settle, decant, and wash twice, each time with ten pounds of distilled water, and decant ; then add the carbonate previously- dissolved in two and a half pounds of water, stir frequently for half an hour, collect on a calico filter, and wash thoroughly with boiling distilled water. Dose, one to four grains. Brit. Ph. The process of U. S. Ph. is similar. Antimonial Powder. R. Oxide of antimony, one ounce. Phosphate of calcium, two ounces. Mix thoroughly. Dose, three to ten grains. Brit. Ph. This is a substitute for James's antimo- nial powder. James's Powder. R. Tartar emetic, one scruple. Prepared burnt hartshorn, Oxide of antimony, each, five scruples. Mix, and divide into twenty-one grain pow- ders. Said to be the formula by which the original powder was prepared by Dr. James. (Vid. Phil. Journ. Pharm., vi. 282.) Pills of Antimonial powder and Calomel. R. Antimonial powder, ten grains. Powdered opium, Calomel, each, two grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make four pills. Two to be taken at bedtime in acute rheumatism. Ellis. ANTIMONII SULPIIURETUM. Si LPHUBET of Antimony. BLAOE Antimony. The BUlphuret Or crude antimony is now seldom used as a medical agent, but is the basis of almost all the preparations of that metal. Some forms of exhibition are, how- ever, still in favor on the continent of Europe. Sulphurated Antimony. R. Sulphuret of antimony, six troy- ounces. Solution of potassa, four pints. Distilled water, Diluted sulphuric acid, each, a sufficient quantity. Mix the sulphuret with the solution of po- tassa and twelve pints of the water, boil by a gentle heat for two hours, frequently stir- ring, and adding more water, to keep up the original quantity. Strain, while hot ; and gradually add the sulphuric acid as a precipitate is produced ; wash well with hot water, dry, and powder. U. S. Ph. In the process of Brit. Ph. soda is sub- stituted for potassa. Dose, one to five grains. Pills of Sulphuret of Antimony. R. Sulphuret of antimony, one ounce. Guaiacum, two drachms. Extract of fumitory, sufficient. Mix, and make pills of two grains each. Radius. Formerly much employed in Germany, as an alterative in diseases of the skin and rheumatic affections. R. Sulphuret of antimony, half a drachm. Extract of opium, five to eight grains. u guaiacum, two drachms. Make fifty pills. Foy. Advised in gouty affections ; nine pills being given three times a day. Lozenges of Sulphuret of Antimony. R. White sugar, one hundred and ninety-two parts. Sulphuret of antimony, eight parts. Mucilage of gum A rabic, one part. Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains, each containing half a grain of the sulphu- ret. D&ral. Much employed in Europe, as an altera- tive in diseases of the skin, in rheumatism, gout, etc. ANTIMONII STJLPHUEETUM 141 Ointment of Sulphuret of Antimony. R. White wax, four ounces. Olive oil, twelve ounces. Melt together, and add Powdered charcoal, two ounces. Precipitated sulphur, Sulphuret of anti- mony, each, one ounce. Stir well until cold. Radius. Used as an application in tinea capitis. Oxysulphuret of Antimony. R. Carbonate of sodium, twenty-three troy- ounces. Water, sixteen pints. Sulphuret of antimony, one troyounce. Boil the antimony for an hour in the solu- tion of soda, filter the hot liquor into a warm earthen vessel, cool very slowly, wash the precipitate with cold water, dry at a moderate temperature, and keep in well- closed bottles/ U. S. Ph. This is likewise the process of the Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. Dose, one to three grains. Kermesine Powder, R. Kermes mineral, two grains. Sugar of milk, Gum Arabic, each, one drachm. Divide into six powders. Radius. Given as a diaphoretic and expectorant, in the dose of one every four hours. Compound Kermesine Powder. R. Kermes mineral, half a drachm. Ipecacuanha, one grain. Prepared chalk, Gum Arabic, each, twelve grains. Mix, and divide into three powders ; one to be taken three times a day, in a spoonful of tea. _ St. Marie. This formula has been much praised in hooping-cough; the proportions are in- tended for a child of about twelve years of Lozenges of Kermes Mineral. R. Kermes mineral, Powdered squill, each, Extract of opium, Ipecacuanha, sixty grains. one drachm. two drachms. White sugar, three ounces. Mucilage of tragacanth, a sufficient quantity. Mix, and make four hundred lozenges. Foy. These are expectorant and calming in catarrh. One is to be taken every two hours. R. Kermes mineral, one drachm. Powdered gum Arabic, eight ounces. Extract of opium, twelve grains. " liquorice, two ounces. Sugar, thirty-two ounces. Oil of aniseed, six drops. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Mix, and form ten grain lozenges. Known as Tronchin's lozenges. Used in catarrh. Van Mons. R. Benzoic acid, two drachms. Sugar, thirty-two ounces. Powdered orris root, four drs. " gum Arabic, two ounces. " starch, four ounces. Water, four fl. ounces. Mix, and make fifteen grain lozenges. k Vandamme. Emulsion with Kermes Mineral. R. Kermes mineral, ten grains. Oxymel of squill, one ounce. Emulsion of gum Arabic, four ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally. Radius. Mixture with Kermes Mineral. R. Kermes mineral, two grains. Gum Arabic, one drachm. Syrup, four fl. ounces. " of grapes, one fl. ounce. Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally in ca- tarrh, when expectoration is difficult. Pierquin. Golden Sulphuret of Antimony. R. Mother water of kermes mineral, at will. Add gradually, Acetic acid, till a precipitate is no longer formed. Wash this well in cold water, and dry by a gentle heat. Dose, one to ten grains. Paris Codex. 142 ANTIMONII ET POTASSII TAETBAS. Powder of Golden Sulphuret of Antimony. B. Golden sulph. of antimony, Camphor, each, a grain and a half to two grains. Nitrate of potassium, half a drachm to one drachm. Gum Arabic, White sugar, each, one drachm. Triturate well, and divide into six powders. Radius. The dose is one, every two hours, in peri- pneumonia, after a reduction of the primary symptoms. B. Golden sulph. of anti- mony, eight grains. Opium, two grains. Powdered Peruvian bark, " chamomile, each, four scruples. Mix, and divide into eight powders ; to be taken during the apyrexia of intermittent fever. Radius. Mixture of Sulphuret of Antimony. B. Golden sulph. of anti- mony, six grains. Extract of lettuce, one scruple. Syrup of seneka, two fl. ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours. Phoebus. Sulphuret of Antimony and Lime. B. Golden sulph. of anti- mony, one part. Quicklime, three parts. Triturate together, and add Boiling water, twenty-four parts. Pry with :i gentle heat, constantly stirring, and keep in a well-closed bottle. Batav. Ph. Kmotic and resolvent. Much praised in gout, rheumatism, scrofula, etc. Dose, one to six grains. Pills of Sulphuret of Antimony and Lime. B. Sulphuret of antimony and lime, half a drachm. Mucilage of tragacanth, one drachm. Mix, and make sixty pills; five, thrice a day. Augustin. Plaster of Sulphuret of Antimony and Lime. B. Yellow wax, one drachm and a half. Melt, and mix Pitch, one ounce ; and incorporate in the cooling mixture Sulphuret of antimony and lime, five scruples. As a plaster in sciatica, chronic headache, etc. It sometimes occasions pustules. Radius. ANTIMONII SULPHAS. Sulphate of Antimony. B. Antimony, two parts. Sulphuric acid, three parts. Heat in an earthen vessel, stirring from time to time, leave the mixture on the fire till it has assumed a grayish-white color, wash carefully, to remove the excess of acid, and dry the powder. Van Mons. ANTIMONII ET POTASSII TARTRAS. Tartar Emetic — Tartarated Antimony. B. Oxide of antimony, two troy- ounces. Cream of tartar in powder, two troyounces and a half. Distilled water, eighteen fl. ounces. Boil for an hour, filter while hot, and crys- tallize. U. 8. Ph. Dose, as a diaphoretic, one-twelfth to one- sixth of a grain ; as an emetic, one to three grains. Powder of Tartar Emetic. B. Tartar emetic, one grain. Sugar, thirty grains. Mix, and divide into ten powders. One every three or four hours as a diaphoretic in fevers, after bleeding. A. T. Thomson. Compound Powder of Tartar Emetic B. Tartar emetic, halfadraohm Sulphate of potassium, one ounce. Powdered liquorice, one ounce and a half. Mix well. Two scruples contain one grain of tartar emetic. ANTIMONII ET POTASSII TAKTRAS 143 R. Tartar emetic, Kermes mineral one gram. , two grains. Powdered orris root, one scruple. " gum Arabic, " sugar, each, one drachm. Mix. and divide into twenty-four powders. One every hour, as an expectorant. Cadet. Powder of Tartar Emetic and Quinia. R. Tartar emetic, three grains. Sulphate of quinia, ten grains. Mix. and divide into six powders. One, every two hours, in apyrexia of obstinate intermittents. Both vomits and purges. Gola. Powder of Tartar Emetic and Phos- phate of Calcium. R. Tartar emetic, one grain. Posphate of calcium, thirty-two grains. Mix. To be divided into four powders ; one to be taken in the evening, in chronic dysury produced by checked perspiration. Swediaur. Powder of Tartar Emetic and Ipecacuanha. R. Tartar emetic, two grains. Ipecacuanha, two scruples. Starch, half a drachm. Mix, and divide into three powders ; one every quarter of an hour, till vomiting is induced. Radius. Bolus of Tartar Emetic. R. Tartar emetic, six grains. Powdered Peruvian bark, six drachms. Extract of juniper, sufficient. Mix, and make sixty boluses. To be taken in twenty-four hours in quartan intermit- tents. Laennec. Pills of Tartar Emetic and Camphor. R. Tartar emetic, two grains. Powdered opium, six grains. camphor, thirty-six grains. Alcohol, three drops. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Powder the camphor with the alcohol, add th-3 other powders, mix and incorporate with the conserve, and divide into twelve pills. One every fourth hour as a diapho- retic. Ellis. Pills of Tartar Emetic and Opium. R. Tartar emetic, Opium, each, one grain and a half. Powdered tragacanth, Conserve of roses, each, sufficient. Mix, and make twenty-five pills. Two night and morning, in chronic pulmonary catarrh. Parrish. twelve grains, ten grains. R. Tartar emetic Opium, Crumb of bread, Gum Arabic, each, sufficient. Mix, and make pills of half a grain. Dose, one increased to two in chronic rheumatism. Broussais. Pills of Tartar Emetic and Guaiacum. R. Tartar emetic, one grain. Powdered guaiacum, half a drachm. Pill of aloes and nryrrh, half a drachm. Molasses, Mix, and make sixteen pills. sufficient. Beasley. Solution of Tartar Emetic. R. Tartar emetic, four grains. Sugar, one drachm. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Dissolve. A tablespoonful every ten or fifteen minutes till it operates. Ellis. Solution of Tartar Emetic and Squill. R. Tartar emetic, two grains. Ox} mel of squill, half an ounce. Water, two fl. ounces and a half. Mix. One-half to be taken, and if it does not vomit in fifteen minutes, the remainder. Augustin. Emulsion of Tartar Emetic. R. Tartar emetic, five grains. Camphor, half a drachm. Blanched almonds, Syrup, each, one ounce. Water, ten fl. ounces. Make an emulsion with the almonds and water, mix the camphor rubbed with a few drops of alcohol, and add the tartar emetic ; when dissolved, add the syrup ; emetic and expectorant, according to the dose. Van Mons. 144 ANTIMONII ET POTASSII TAETEAS Clyster of Tartar Emetic. B. Tartar emetic, one to two scruples. Tepid solution of gum Arabic, one pint. To overcome obstinate constipation. To be used with much caution. Chapman. B. Tartar emetic, three to eight grains. Infusion of arnica, twelve fl. ounces. Dissolve. In apoplexy and cerebral affec- Foy. tions. Lotion of Tartar Emetic. B. Tartar emetic, one scruple. Water, one pint. Dissolve. In cutaneous affections. Pierquin. Lotion of Tartar Emetic and Corrosive Sublimate. B. Tartar emetic, one drachm. Corrosive sublimate, five grains. Compound spirit of lavender, one fl. drachm. Water, one fl. ounce. Mix. Wet the finger with the solution, and rub on the part for five or ten minutes ; it will cause a pustular eruption in a few hours. Hannay. Lotion of Tartar Emetic and Camphor. B. Tartar emetic, one drachm. Boiling water, one pint. Tincture of camphor, half a fl. ounce. Mix. As a counter-irritant on the chest, in pulmonary complaints. Augustin. Ointment of Tartar Emetic. B. Tartar emetic, two drachms. Sugar, one drachm. Cinnabar, five grains. Spermaceti ointment, nine drachms. Mix. Jenner. B. Tartar emetic, one hundred grains. Lard, four hundred grains. Mix. U.S. Ph. The same proportions are directed by Ilrii. I'll, and Ph. derm. The Paris Codex directs one part of tartar emetic to three parts of oini ment of benzoin. The ointment occasions a pustular erup- tion upon the skin. Compound Tartar Emetic Ointment. B. Tartar emetic, half a drachm. Sal ammoniac, one drachm. Camphor, twenty-five grains. Musk, ten grains. Lard, one ounce. Mix. As a counter-irritant in chronic dis- eases, of the liver. Fabre. Plaster with Tartar Emetic. B. Tartar emetic, in fine powder, one troyounce. Burgundy pitch, four troyounces. Melt the pitch, strain, add the powder and stir well while cooling. U. S. Ph. Or it may be made by sprinkling tartar emetic on a pitch or adhesive plaster. Ellis. It takes some time to produce its effect, and the eruption that ensues is very irri- tating and painful. B. Resin plaster, one ounce. Resin, four drachms. "Venice turpentine, three drachms. Melt together by a gentle heat, and when nearly cold add Powdered tartar emetic. one drachm. To be applied to the nape of the neck in scarlatina in children, also in rheumatism. Niemann. Ammoniacal Liniment -with Tartar Emetic. B. Ammoniacal liniment, one fl. ounce. Tartar emetic, one drachm. Mix. To indolent tumors, etc. Ellis. Antimonial Wine. B. Tartar emetic, thirty-two grains. Boiling distilled water, one fl. ounce. Sherry wine, sufficient. Dissolve the salt in the water and add wine sufficient to make one pint. U. S. Ph. Antimonial wine of Brit. Ph. and Ph. Germ, is of the same strength. Paris Codex directs one part of tartar emetic to three hundred parts of Malaga wine. Dose, as an emetic for children, from thirty drops to a fl. drachm, every fifteen minutes, till it operates. Collyrium with Antimonial Wine. B. Antimonial wine, half fl. ounce. Rose water, four fl. ounces. APOCTNUM. — ARAL I A. 145 Mix. niia. Balsam of Fioraventi, two drops. Recommended in chronic ophthal- Spielmann. Mixture of Antimonial "Wine and Ammoniac. R. Ammoniac, one scruple. Ox}-mel of squill, half fl. ounce. Antimonial wine, one fl. drachm. Syrup of liquorice, one fl. ounce and a half. Mix. A spoonful every two hours, as an expectorant. Phoebus. Mixture of Antimonial "Wine and Laudanum. R. Antimonial wine, three fl. drachms. Laudanum, one fl. drachm. Mix. Fifteen drops, every half hour or hour in rheumatic diarrhoea. Monro. Mixture of Antimonial Wine and Bittersweet. R. Antimonial wine, half fl. drachm. Syrup of marsh mallow, three fl. drachms. Fennel water, one fl. ounce and a half. Extract of bitter- sweet, fifteen grains. Cream of tartar, forty-five grains. Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in hoop- ing-cough in young children. Phoebus. R. Syrup of Antimonial Wine. Antimonial wine,"} Sal ammoniac, each. two drachms. Ammoniac, ) Oxymel of squill, one ounce. Syrup of mallow, half a pound. Mix. In pectoral affections, to facilitate expectoration and to keep the bowels open. A spoonful every hour. Cadet. APOCYNUM. DOGSBANE. Two species of this genus are officinal in the U. S. Ph. — A. androscemifolium and A. cannabinnm, possessed of much the same properties ; these are emetic, cathartic, and sometimes diuretic. The latter is rather the more powerful. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apocynaceae. 10 A. ANDEOSilMIFOLIUM. DOGSBANE. Bigelow, Med. Bot. ii. 148. Griffith, Med. Bot. 449. A native of most parts of the TJ. S. Emetic and diaphoretic. Dose, 40 grains as an emetic ; where it is wished to act on the skin, five to ten grains combined with a grain of opium. A. CANNABINUM. Indian Hemp. Griscom, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. xii. 55. Griffith, Med. Bot. 450. Found in many parts of the United States. Emetic, in doses of fifteen to thirty grains. R Decoction of Indian Hemp. Root of Indian hemp, half an ounce. Water, a pint and a half. Boil to a pint. Griscom. This has been found useful in dropsy, in doses of one or two fl. ounces, two or three times a day, acting as a hydragogue purga- tive. Extract of Indian Hemp. R. Powdered root of Indian hemp, one pound. Water, one gallon. Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down to one quart, strain, and evaporate to a proper consistence. Dose, three to five. grains. Acts like the decoction, but is not as efficient. A R A L I A. Most of the species of this genus are medi- cinal, but two only are officinal. Sex. Syst. Pentand. pentag. Nat. Syst. Araliacese. A. NUDICAULIS False Sarsaparilla. Torrey and Gray, PI. i. 646. Griffith, Med. Bot. 344. A mild, stimulating diaphoretic, the root has been employed as a substitute for sarsa- parilla ; best, given in infusion. 146 AEGENTUM. — AEGENTI NITEAS. A. SPIN OS A. Angelica Tree. Torrey and Gray, PI. i. 647. Griffith, Med. Bot. 345. The hark is a stimulating diaphoretic ; a decoction has heen found useful in rheuma- tic, syphilitic, and cutaneous affections ; as has also a tincture. ARGENTTTM. Silver. A solid, white, "brilliant, very ductile metal. It is wholly soluble in nitric acid. The only officinal preparations in our phar- macopoeia are the nitrate, oxide, and cy- anide ; but several others are employed in Europe. ARGENTI CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Silver. B. Solution of nitrate of silver, at will. Add gradually a solution of common salt, wash well the resulting precipitate, and dry hy a gentle heat in the shade. Powder of Chloride of Silver. R. Chloride of silver, one grain. Powdered orris root, two grains. Triturate well, and divide into ten parts. Used in syphilis, in friction on the tongue. Serve. Ammoniated Chloride of Silver. R. Liquid ammonia, at will. Saturate, by the aid of heat, with recently precipitated and well-washed chloride of silver. Filter whilst hot, and crystallize Sulphuric acid, Distilled water, Pills of Ammoniated Chloride of Silver. R. Ammoniated chloride of silver, one grain. Powdered orris root, two grains. Conserve of linden flowers, Mix, and make fourteen pills. sufficient. Serve. A R GBNTI CYANIDUM. Cyanide or Cyanuret of Silver. R. Nil rule of silver, Ferrocyanide of potassium, each, two troy ounces. one troyounce and a half. sufficient. Dissolve the nitrate in a pint of water, and put the solution in a glass receiver. Dis- solve the ferrocyanide in ten fi. ounces of water, and pour the solution into a retort adapted to the receiver. To the solution in the retort add the sulphuric acid diluted with four fi. ounces of water, and distil until the liquid that passes produces no longer a precipitate in the receiver. Then wash and dry the precipitate. U. S. Ph. Used in syphilis, in doses of one-twelfth to one-tenth of a grain. Ointment of Cyanide of Silver. R. Cyanide of silver, ten grains. Lard, one ounce. Mix. Sevve. Employed as an application to ulcera- tions of the cornea, irritable ulcers, etc. ARGENTI IODIDUM. Iodide of Silver. Solution of nitrate of silver, at will. Add gradually a Solution of iodide of potassium. "Wash the precipitate, and dry hy a gentle heat. Patterson. Dose, one or two grains. Ointment of Iodide of Silver. R. Iodide of silver, ten grains. Lard, one ounce. Mix. Sevre. Used in the same cases as the ointment of the cyanide. ARGENTI NITRAS, Nitrate of Silver. R Silver, in small pieces, one troyounce. Nitric acid, two and a half troy ounces. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Mix the acid with the water, and dissolve the silver in the mixture, on a sand-hath, keeping an inverted funnel over the porce- lain capsule, containing the mixture ; then gradually increase the heat, so as to dry the sail. Melt this and continue tlie heat until free nitric acid is entirely dissipated. Then dissolve in six H. ounces of distilled water, ARGENTI NITEAS, 147 let subside and decant. Wash the residue with a rluidounce of water, evaporate the clear decanted liquids, crystallize and dry. U. S. Ph. Fused Nitrate of Silver. R. Nitrate of silver, at will. Melt in a porcelain capsule and continue the heat until frothing ceases, then pour into silver moulds. U. S. Ph. Used as a tonic and antispasmodic, in doses of a fourth of a grain, gradually in- creased. Pills of Nitrate of Silver. R. Crystallized nitrate of silver, one grain. Crumb of bread, one drachm. Make sixteen pills. Guibourt. Each pill contains a sixteenth of a grain of the nitrate. R. Nitrate of silver, ten grains. Opium, four grains. Extract of gentian, " liquorice, each, a drachm and a half. Make pills of a grain each. These each contain a twentieth of the nitrate. Brera. R. Nitrate of silver, Crumb of bread. two grains, sufficient, pills. One Mix well, and divide into to be taken every six hours Advised in chronic epilepsy and other spasmodic disorders. To prevent the blue tinge of the skin, so often produced by a continued use of this salt of silver, eight drops of diluted nitric acid in a fl. ounce of water, should be taken after each pill. A. T. Thomson. Mackensie's Solution. R. Nitrate of silver, one scruple. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. Mackensie. Used to wash the throat and fauces, in affections of those parts. Nitrate of Silver Collyrium. R. Nitrate of silver, ten grains. Laudanum, half a fl. drachm. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Mix. Foy. Employed as a wash in purulent ophthal- Anti-Epileptic Mixture. R. Nitrate of silver, twelve grains. Laudanum, twenty drops. Mucilage of gum Arabic, one ounce. Mix. Radius. Given in epilepsy, in doses of twenty- drops, twice a day. Hair Dye. R. Silver, Steel filings, Nitric acid, Rain water, two drachms, half an ounce, one ounce, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve, and strain. To be applied by means of a fine brush. Bateman. Indelible Ink. R. Carbonate of sodium, half an oz. Distilled water, four ounces. Mix, and make mordant. five scruples. two drachms. one scruple. one fl. ounce. Gray. R. Nitrate of silver, Gum Arabic, Sap green, Distilled water, Mix, and make ink. Indelible Ink without Mordant. R. Nitrate of silver, one ounce. Crystallized carbonate of sodium, one ounce and a half. Tartaric acid, eight scruples. Strong solution of ammonia, two fl. ounces. Archil, half fl. ounce. White sugar, six drachms. Powdered gum Arabic, ten drachms. Distilled water, sufficient. Dissolve the nitrate and carbonate in sepa- rate portions of the water, mix the solu- tions, collect and wash the precipitate on a filter, rub it whilst still moist in a porcelain mortar with the tartaric acid, till effer- vescence has ceased, add the ammonia to dissolve the tartrate of silver, then mix the archil, sugar, and gum, adding as much water as will make six fl. ounces. Redwood. Ointment of Nitrate of Silver. R. Nitrate of silver, two grains. Lard, two drachms. Mix well. As an application in acute ophthalmia. Velpeau. 148 AEGENTI OXIDUM. — AMOEACIA B. Nitrate of silver, four parts. Lard, thirty parts. Or, eight parts of the salt to the same pro- portion of lard, or twelve parts to thirty. Used as an application to white-swelling. Jobert. R. Nitrate of silver, one part. Lard, seven and a half parts. Mix, to smear bougies, in cure of gonor- rhoea. Macdonald. Compound Ointment of Nitrate of Silver. R. Nitrate of silver, ten to twenty grains. Oxide of zinc ointment, half an ounce. Balsam of Peru, one drachm. Triturate thoroughly together. To heal venereal ulcers, and to promote cicatriza- tion. Fricke. R. Nitrate of silver, three grains. Solution of subacetate of lead, five drops. Lard, one drachm. Mix well. In chronic, ophthalmia. Guthrie. ARGENTI OXIDUM. Oxide of Silver. R. Nitrate of silver, four troy ounces. Water, half a pint. Solution of potassa, one pint and a half. Dissolve the nitrate in the water, and add the potassa as long as precipitation occurs. Wash and dry the precipitate, and keep it in opaque, well-stopped bottles. IT. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. prepares this with lime-water instead of potassa. Used as a substitute for the nitrate, in doses of about half a grain twice a day, in diseases of the stomach, of undue secretion, etc. Pills of Oxide of Silver. \i. Oxide of silver, six grains. Powdered liquorice, twelve grains, Syrup, sufficient. Make twelve pills. Dose, one piil three times daily, in pyrosis. Ointment of Oxide of Silver. R. Oxide of silver, twenty grains. Lard, one ounce. Hub well together. Serre. Used as an application to irritable ulcers, etc. ARMORACIA. Horseradish. This is a species of Cochlearia, the C. ar- moracia. A native of many parts of Europe, and much cultivated both there and in this country, for the sake of its roots, so well known as a condiment. The root is the part used in medicine. It has a pungent odor, and a warm, acrid taste. Sex. Syst. Tetrad, silic. Nat. Syst. Brassi- cacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 904. Griffith, Med. Bot. 131. As a remedial agent, it is an active stimu- lant, and when applied to the skin acts as a rubefacient. Infusion of Horseradish. R. Fresh horseradish, sliced, Mustard seed, bruised, each, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph., 1850. It is sometimes used in paralytic, scor- butic, and dropsical affections, attended with debility. The dose is two fl. ounces, three or four times a day. Compound Syrup of Horseradish. R. Scraped horseradish, Bitter orange-peel, cut and bruised, each, twenty ounces. Bruised nutmeg, half an ounce. Proof spirit, one gallon (imp.). Water, two pints. Mix, and distil a gallon by a gentle heat. Brit. Ph. Employed as a diuretic, in dropsy with debility. Dose, one to four fl. drachms. Compound Tincture of Horseradish. R. Bruised horseradish, twenty parts. Black mustard, ten parts. Chloride of ammonium, five parts. Alcohol, GO per ct. Compound spirit of scurvy grass, each, forty parts. Macerate for ten days, express, and filler. Paris Codex. ARNICA, 149 Compound Wine of Horseradish. one ounce. each, half an ounce. R. Fresh horseradish, " water cress, " scurvy grass, " bogbean leaves White mustard, Chloride of ammonium, two drachms. White wine, thirty-three ounces. Spirit of scurvy grass, half an ounce. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. Paris Codex. More frequently used in France than the former. Dose, an ounce or more, in scrofu- lous and scorbutic affections. Mixture of Horseradish. R. Infusion of horseradish, four fl. ounces. Syrup of cinchona, one fl. ounce. Extract of fumitory, one drachm. Mix. Foy. In spoonful doses, as an antiscorbutic. Compound Horseradish Cataplasm. R. Bruised horseradish, six drachms. " mustard seed, one ounce. Flaxseed meal, two ounces and a half. Yinegar, sufficient. Mix, and make cataplasm, to be applied to the feet as revulsive in diseases of the head. Ainslie. Compound Infusion of Horseradish. R. Horseradish, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for an hour in a close vessel ; on cooling-, add Simple syrup, one ounce and a half. A wineglassful several times a day, in dropsy, especially when arising from a granular affection of the kidneys. ARNICA. Wolfsbane. Several species of this genus are medicinal, but one only is officinal, A. montana, a native of Europe ; but it is likely that the A. nudi- caulis of this country is possessed of the same powers. Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Aste- raceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 1245. Griffith, Med. Bot. 407. Arnica is a stimulant, acting with much energy on the cerebro-spinal system, and is also an active irritant of the stomach and bowels. In Germany, where it is much em- ployed, it is given to fulfil a variety of indi- cations. Compound Powder of Arnica. R. Powdered arnica root, } , " " Berpentaria, t drachms . " sugar, each, ) Oil of peppermint, ten drops. Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. Augustin. Dose, a powder, every two hours, in the diarrhoea complicating typhoid fevers. Extract of Arnica. R. Flowers of arnica, one part. Alcohol of 60 per cent., six parts. Exhaust by percolation, distil off the alco- hol, and evaporate the residue to a proper consistence. Paris Codex. The process of U. S. Ph. is nearly identi- cal with this. Dose, ten grains to a scruple, in chronic rheumatism and paralysis. Infusion of Arnica. R. Flowers of arnica, one ounce. Boilinp* water, one pint. Infuse for half an hour, and strain. Used in the same cases as the last. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. Cottereau. Compound Infusion of Arnica. R. Flowers of arnica, one drachm. " chamomile, half an ounce. Peppermint, two drachms. Boiling water, nine fl. ounces. Mix, macerate, and strain. Copenh. Ph. Dose, one ounce. Fomentation of Arnica. R. Flowers of arnica, half an ounce. Boiling vinegar, sufficient to obtain six ounces ; add Carbonate of ammonium, two drachms. Radius. Used as a warm fomentation in oedema of the scrotum. 150 ARSENICUM ARSENICI IODIDUM. Arnica Plaster. R. Extract of arnica, three troy - onnces. Resin plaster, six troyounces. Melt the plaster, add the extract, and mix. U. S. Ph. Decoction of Arnica. R. Flowers of arnica, one ounce. Water, three pints. Boil till reduced to two pints, strain, and add Syrup of ginger, two ounces. Swediaur. Dose, one to two ounces, every two hours, in aphonia, paralysis, rheumatism, etc. Fomentation of Arnica and Rue. R. Flowers of arnica, two ounces. Rue, one ounce. Boiling water, sufficient to obtain twelve ounces when strained, after one hour of maceration. Radius. Used as a fomentation in contusions. Tincture of Arnica. R. Arnica flowers, bruised, six troyounces. Alcohol, a pint and a half. Water, half a pint. Displace with the mixed liquids, finally using diluted alcohol until two pints are obtained. U. S. Ph. This is very nearly the strength directed by Paris Codex ; the tincture of Ph. Germ, is one-half this strength. Dose, thirty drops, several times a day. R. Arnica root, one ounce. Rectified spirit, sufficient. Obtain by maceration and displacement twenty fl. ounces. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Brit. Ph. These tinctures are much employed ex- ternally in contusions, rheumatic pains, etc. ARSENICUM Arsenic. Metallic arsenic is not, employed in medi- cine ; bu1 several of its combinations are of much importance. ARSENICI CHLORIDUM. Solution of Chloride of Arsenic-. R. Arsenious acid in powder, eighty grains. Muriatic acid, two fl. drachms. Water, sufficient. Boil the arsenic in the muriatic acid, diluted with four ounces of water, until dissolved ; then add sufficient water to make twenty fl. ounces. U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. This is much used in Great Britain in lepra and cholera, in doses of two to eight minims, thrice daily. Each fl. ounce represents four grains of arsenious acid. ARSENICI IODIDUM. Iodide of Arsenic R. Finely-powdered metallic arsenic, one drachm. Iodine, five drachms. Triturate together, and introduce into a small flask or test-tube loosely stopped ; place this on a sand-bath, and apply gentle heat till liquefaction is produced. The ves- sel should be nearly full, to prevent the formation of much iodine vapor, and to en- able the operator to bring the fixed mass in contact with every part of it, so as to in- clude any iodine that mnj have been sub- limed. If no iodine odor is perceptible, and the contents assume a reddish-yellow color, and crystallize on the sides of the vessel, the operation is complete. W. Procter. This corresponds with the officinal form- ula. Dose, one-tenth of a grain, gradually in- creased to a quarter, three times a day. Given in cancer, and obstinate cutaneous affections. R Iodide of Arsenic Pills. Iodide of arsenic, one grain. Extract of conium, twenty grains. Mix, and make ton pills. Thomson. Used in lepra, and obstinate eruptions. Iodide of Arsenic Ointment. R. Iodide of arsenic, three grains. Lard, one ounce. Triturate well. Biett. Employed in cases of lepra, and other cutaneous affections ; but requires much caution. ARTEMISIA, 151 LIQUOR ARSENICI ET HY- DRARGYRI IODIDI. Solution of Iodide of Arsenic and Mercury. Donovan's Solution. R. Iodide of arsenic, Red iodide of mercury, each, thirty-five grains. Distilled water. half a pint. Rub the iodides with half a fl. ounce of water, and. when they are dissolved, add rest of water, and filter. U. S. Ph. Each fl. drachm contains one-eighth of a grain of arsenic, and one-fourth of a grain of deutoxide of mercury. This preparation is said to be useful in obstinate cutaneous diseases, as lepra, lupus, etc. The dose is from five minims to half a fl. drachm two or three times a day. Draught of Solution of Iodide of Mercury and Arsenic. R. Solution iodide of mercury and arsenic, two fl. drachms. Distilled water, three fl. ounces and a half. Syrup of ginger, half fl. ounce. Mix, and divide into four draughts. One to be taken night and morning. Not to be given in a metallic spoon. Donovan. ARSEXICI TERSULPHU- RETUM. Orpiment. Depilatory of Orpiment. R. Orpiment, one ounce. Quicklime, one pound. Starch, ten ounces. Water, sufficient to form a soft paste. Foy. _ This is spread on the part where it is de- sired to remove the hair, and washed off when it begins to dry. It is the rusma of the Turks. Delcroix's Depilatory. (Poudre Subtile.) R. Orpiment, four parts. Quicklime thirty parts. Powdered gum, sixty parts. Used like the preceding to remove super- fluous hair. Powder of Orpiment. R. Orpiment, one ounce. Quicklime, twelve ounces. Jasmine powder, ten ounces. Powder of palm soap, four ounces. Mix well. Morfit. This, when applied as a depilatory, is mixed with a little water. Both these, although efficient for the purposes designed, are dangerous, and should never be used, except with extreme caution. Lotion of Orpiment. R. Orpiment, Verdigris, Aloes, Myrrh, Rose water, White wine, Mix. two drachms. each, half a drachm. three fl. ounces, six fl. ounces. Van Mons. Used as an application to fungous ulcers. ARTEMISIA. A genus of bitter herbs, several of which are used as medicinal agents to fulfil various indications ; some as tonics (A. absinthium), some as moxas (A. moxa), and some as an- thelmintics. (-6'ee also Absinthium and Santonica.) 6'ex. Syst. Syn. pol. super. Nat. Syst. Aste- racese. 1. A. ABROTANUM. Southernwood. A native of the south of Europe and the Levant, and generally cultivated in gardens. Its odor is aromatic and peculiar, and its taste bitter. It is used as a tonic, antispas- modic, and vermifuge. Linn. Sp. PI. 1185. Grifiith, Med. Bot. 406. Infusion of Southernwood. R-. Southernwood, six drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Digest for two hours, and strain. Given in hysteria and in dysmenorrhcea. Dose, one fl. ounce. Taddei. Clyster of Southernwood. R. Southernwood, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Digest for half an hour, and, to six or eight fl. ounces of strained infusion, add 152 ARUM. — ASCLEPIAS, one ounce. Olive oil, Said to be effectual in cases of worms, and especially ascarides. Radius. 2. A. VULGARIS. MUGWORT. It is a native of Europe and naturalized in a few localities in this country. The herb has a peculiar odor and a bitterish taste. The root is considered the most active part, when collected late in autumn, and is given in epilepsy and similar diseases, in doses of twenty to sixty grains, in the form of powder, infusion, or alcoholic extract. ARUM. Indian Turnip. Several species of Arum are used in medi- cine, but the only one officinal in the U. S. Ph. is A. triphyllvm; a native plant, with large perennial cormus ; this is white, fleshy, and extremely acrid in a fresh state, but becomes edible and bland when dried, and kept for any time ; and the fecula ob- tained from it resembles arrowroot in ap- pearance. Sext. Syst. Mon. polyand. Nat. Syst. Ara- cese. Blgelow, Am. Med. Bot. 1, 52. Griffith, Med. Bot. 616. The powder of the recently-dried root may be given in doses of ten grains, in an emul- sion of gum Arabic, sugar, and water, several times a day. It has been found useful in chronic catarrh, chronic bron- chitis, rheumatism, etc. ASARUM. Two species of this genus are recognized, one by the U. S. Ph., the other by the Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. Sext. Syst. Dodecand. monog. Nat. Syst. Aristolochiaceai. 1. ASARUM EUROPiEUM. ASARABACCA. A native of Europe, of which the leaves and rhizome are used. The first have a feeble aromatic odor when rubbed, and a somewhat Bpicy taste ; the latter has a strong, penetrating odor, and an acrid, bit- ter, and nauseous taste ; this is sometimes used abroad as a stimulant, emetic, and an- thelmintic ; the leaves, as the basis of various e.rrliinc powders. Linn. Bp. PL 6:33. Griffith, Med. Bot. 527. Compound Powder of Asarabacca. R. Dried leaves of asarabacca, Lavender flowers, one ounce, one drachm. Rub together to a fine powder. Dublin Ph. 1826. R. Powdered asarabacca, ^ each, " wood betony, v equal " marjoram, ) parts. Paris Codex. Has been found useful as an errhine, in some cases of headache, toothache, etc. Five or six grains to be snuffed up the nostrils at night. 2. ASARUM CANADENSE. Wild Ginger. Bigelow, Med. Bot. 1, 150. Barton, Yeg. Mat. Med. p. 85. This species is common to most parts of the United States. The leaves are said by Drs. Barton and Bigelow not to be emetic, bnt other authorities state that a teaspoonful of this powder never fails to act on the stomach. Like those of the asarabacca, they are emi- nently errhine. The rhizome is an aromatic stimulant, with active diaphoretic proper- ties, and may be used as a substitute for serpentaria. B Infusion of Wild Ginger. Root of wild ginger, half an ounce Boiling water, one pint. Digest for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain. In all cases where Virginia snake- root is indicated. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. ASCLEPIAS Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Ascle- piadacese. Many species of this large genus are em- ployed in medicine, and it is probable that the whole of them are endowed with active properties. 1. A. TUBEROSA. Pleurisy Root. A native of most parts of the United States. The root is large and irregularly tuberous ; the taste of it is bitter, nauseous, and somewhat acrid. It is an active dia- phoretic, and, in large doses, purgative. It has attained much popular reputation in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory organs, and more especially of pleurisy. The dose of the powder is from a scruple to a drachm, several times a day. An infu- sion or decoction is preferable to the powder. ASPARAGUS. — ASSAFtETIDA. 153 Infusion of Pleurisy Root. R. Bruised pleurisy root, one ounce. Boiling water, two pints. Digest for two hours. Dose, three or four fl. ounces, warm, to be given every two or three hours, until it operates. Chapman. 2. A. INCARNATA. Swamp Silk Weed. A native of many parts of the United States, usually growing in wet places. The root is the officinal portion. It is emetic and cathartic in full doses of half a drachm to a drachm, and expectorant and alterative in small ones. 8. A. S Y R I A C A. Silk Weed. This plant, the A. cornuti of modern bot- anists, is very common in the TJ. S. The root appears to have much the same pro- perties as the last, and also some anodyne powers. ASPARAGUS. Asparagus. Several species of Asparagus have been used in medicine, but the only one that is now employed is the A. officinalis. This is a native of Europe, and is generally culti- vated there and in this country. Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. JSfat. Syst. Liliacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 448. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med., ii. 252. Griffith, Med. Bot. 654. The parts used are the roots and young shoots (turiones). These are diuretic, ape- rient, and deobstruent, and have been thought to exercise a sedative influence on the heart. Dr. Wood states ( U. S. Bis.) that the berries are more efficient than the shoots. R Extract of Asparagus Shoots. Clarified j uice of asparagus, sufficient. Evaporate by a mild heat to a proper con- sistence. Soubeiran. Extract of Asparagus Roots. B. Roots of asparagus, sufficient. Bruise them, add sufficient water to cover them, express, strain, and evaporate by a mild heat. Paris Codex. These extracts are given in doses of a scruple to a drachm, as diuretics. Syrup of Asparagus Shoots. R. Juice of asparagus shoots, one pint. White sugar, two pounds. Dissolve by means of a water-bath, and strain. Cottereau. Advised in pulmonary catarrh, and too great action of the heart, in doses of one to four ounces during the day. Decoction of Asparagus Roots. R. Asparagus roots, one ounce. Water, two pints. Boil and strain. Radius. To be taken by cupfuls in dropsies. Diuretic Mixture. R. Asparagus roots, one ounce. W^ater, one pint. Boil for an hour, strain, and add Acetate of potassium, twenty grains. Honey of squills, half an ounce. Foy. Used as the last, and in the same diseases. ASSAFCETIDA. ASSAFETIDA.. A gum resin or inspissated juice from an umbelliferous plant, a native of Persia, usually thought to be Ferula assafa>tida, but now shown by Dr. Falconer to be a l\arthex, which, though similar to Ferula, is distinct from it. (Royle, Mat. Med. 407.) Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiacese. Royle, Mat. Med. 407. Griffith, Med. Bot. 326. Assafetida, as found in the shops, is in masses of a whitish, reddish, or violet hue, composed of adhering tears. Odor, fetid and alliaceous ; taste, bitter and somewhat acrid ; it forms an emulsion with water. Is stimulant and antispasmodic, and also emmenagogue and anthelmintic. It is used in spasmodic and convulsive diseases, as hysteria, chorea, hooping-cough, flatulent colic, etc. Dose, ten grains. R Purified Assafetida. Assafetida in small pieces, three parts. Water, two parts. Digest in a tared capsule until the gum- resin is completely divided,' add sufficient stronger alcohol to form with the water of the emulsion a menstruum of sixty per cent, alcoholic strength ; boil for a minute, 154 ASSAFCETIDA strain with expression through moderately coarse muslin, and evaporate by means of a water-bath to the proper consistence. Paris Codex. Mr. J. B. Moore has proposed to purify assafetida by triturating it into a paste, adding gradually sufficient alcohol, strain- ing from the coarse particles, and evapo- rating spontaneously. Assafetida Fills. R. Assafetida, seventy-two grains. Soap, tw r enty-four grains. Beat with water into a mass, and divide into twenty-four pills ; each of which con- tains three grains of the gum-resin. U. S. Ph. R. Assafetida, one drachm and a half. Powdered orris root, Mucilage of gum Arabic, each, sufficient. Beat together, and divide into thirty pills. One to be given occasionally in the hooping- cough of children. Kapp. R. Assafetida, a drachm and a half. Powdered ginger, half a drachm. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty pills. Three to be taken every three hours. Have been ad- vised in palsy. A. T. Tomson. Pills of Assafetida and Lactucarium. R. Assafetida, three drachms. Lactucarium, two scruples and a half. Mix, and divide into eighty pills. Two or three every hour in hooping-cough of adults. Radius. Pills of Assafetida and Iron. B. Assafetida ) each, half Sulphate of iron, I J Extract of chamomile, ) Mix well, and divide into one hundred and eighty pills. Two or more, three or four times a day, in hypochondria and hysteria. Syfret. R. Black oxide of iron, hnlf a drachm Assafetida, a drachm and a half. Oil of tansy, ten drops. Extract pf wormwood, sufficient. Mix, and divide into ninety pills. Six to be taken three times a day. Said to be useful against luiiibrici and ascarides. Phoebus, Pills of Assafetida and Musk. R. Assafetida, two drachms. Musk, Camphor, each, one drachm. Ambergris, half a drachm. Beat well together, and divide into one hundred pills. Two to be taken three times a day. Said to have proved useful in angina pectoris, hysteria, etc. St. Marie. Pills of Assafetida and Opium. R. Assafetida, half an ounce. Powdered opium, " ipecacuanha, each, four grains. Oil of peppermint, eight drops. Alcohol, sufficient. Beat well together, and divide into one hundred and twenty pills. Ten to be taken three times a day in chronic ischuria, consecutive on gonorrhoea Radius. Assafetida Mixture. R. Assafetida, two drachms. Water, half a pint. Kub together, adding the water by degrees, till well mixed. U. S. Ph. R. Assafetida, one drachm. Sugar, six drachms. Rose water, five fl. ounces. Make an emulsion, and add Hoffmann's anodyne, thirty drops. Taken in spoonful doses, in spasmodic asthma and hysteria. Bories. Enema of Assafetida. R. Assafetida, thirty grains. Distilled water. four fl. ounces. Make an emulsion and strain. Brit. Ph. Used in flatulent colic and against as- carides. Assafetida Mixture. R. Assafetida, half a drachm. Solution of acetate of ammonium, half a fl. ounce. Pennyroyal water, three fl. ounces. Mix. One to two spoonfuls in hooping- cough. Miller. R. Assafetida mixture, five and a half fl. ounces. Compound apt. of lavender, half fl. ounce. ASSAFCETIDA, 155 Aromatic spt. of ammonia, two fl. drachms. Mix. Three spoonfuls a day in hysteria. Ainslie. R. Assafetida mixture, two fl. ounces. Opium, two grains. Infusion of chamomile, four fl. ounces. Mix. As an injection in convulsive attacks. R. Assafetida, half a drachm. Yolk of egg, one. Rub together, and gradually add Water, eight fl. ounces. Strain. To form two injections. Said to be useful in the hooping-cough of children. Soubeiran. Compound Assafetida Mixture. R. Assafetida, one drachm. Peppermint water, three fl. ounces. Make a solution, and add Ammoniated tincture of valerian, Tincture of castor. two fl. drachms, three fl. drachms. Sulphuric ether, one fl. drachm. Mix. Useful in hysteria, in doses of a table- spoonful, largely diluted, every second hour. Ellis. Mixture of Assafetida and Oxymel of Squill. R. Assafetida, one scruple. Powdered digitalis, six grains. Oxymel of squill, two fl. ounces. Linden-flower water, four fl. ounces. Rub well together. Said to be found use- ful in the dry cough consequent on deranged menstruation. Pierquin. Dose, a tablespoonful. Mixture of Assafetida and Tolu. R. Assafetida, one drachm. Water, four fl. ounces. Make an emulsion, and add Tincture of tolu, half a fl. ounce. " opium, forty to fifty drops. Mix well. A teaspoon ful every two hours, in hooping-cough, and a dessertspoonful or more to an adult. Ellis. Syrup of Assafetida. R. Assafetida, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Sugar, two pounds. Rub the assafetida with a part of the boil- ing water till a uniform paste is made. Then gradually add the rest of the water, strain, and add the sugar, applying a gentle heat to dissolve it. Dose, a tablespoonful, which contains seven grains and a half. Richard Peltz. Tincture of Assafetida. R. Assafetida, four troyounces. Alcohol, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. The tincture of Brit. Ph. is nearly iden- tical ; Paris Codex and Ph. Germ, direct one part of assafetida to five parts of al- cohol. Dose, a teaspoonful. Compound Water of Assafetida. (Fetid Anti-hysteric Water.) R. Assafetida, twelve parts. Galbanum, eight parts. Myrrh, six parts. Valerian, sixteen parts. Zecloary, sixteen parts. Angelica, four parts. Peppermint, twelve parts. Wild thyme, eight parts. Roman chamomile, eight parts. Castor, one part. Cut and bruise and macerate for twenty- four hours, with Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.892, one hundred and fifty parts. Then add Water, three hundred parts. Distil three hundred parts. Ph. Germ. Dose, a tablespoonful in hysteria. Ethereal Tincture of Assafetida. R. Assafetida, one part. Spirit of ether, five parts. Macerate for ten days and filter, keeping the funnel covered. Paris Codex. Has all the properties of the gum resin, but is more stimulating. Dose, a fl. drachm. Alkaline Tincture of Assafetida. R. Assafetida, Carbonate of potas- sium, each, two ounces. Diluted alcohol, one pint. Macerate for three days, by a mild heat, 156 ATROPIA. and filter. Anti-hysteric, etc. Useful in nervous disorders. Dose, about twenty- drops. Wirtemberg Disp. Ammoniated Spirit of Assafetida. R. Ammoniated alcohol, sixteen ounces. Assafetida, one ounce. Macerate for twenty-four hours, in a closed vessel, and then distil sixteen ounces. Van Mons. Stimulant and anti-hysteric. Dose, five to sixty drops. Tincture of Assafetida and Castor. R. Tincture of assafetida, " castor, each, one fl. ounce. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, one fl. drachm. Mix. In hysteria, etc. Dose, about a tea- spoonful. Ellis. Tincture of Assafetida and Soot. R. Assafetida, one drachm. Wood soot, two drachms. Alcohol, three fl. ounces. Digest for six days, and filter. Guibourt. Highly praised in hysteria, flatulence, and convulsions caused by dentition. Dose, ten to thirty drops in an appropriate vehicle. Assafetida Plaster. R. Assafetid" Lead plaster, each, twelve troy- ounces. Galbanum, Yellow wax, each, six troyounces. Alcohol, three pints. Dissolve the assafetida and galbanum in the alcohol, by means of a water-bath ; strain while hot, and evaporate to consist- ence of honey, add lead plaster and wax melted together; stir well, and evaporate to due consistence. U. S. Ph. R. Yellow wax, Burgundy pitch, each, two parts. Melt, strain, and when nearly cool, add Powdered assafetida, three parts. " ammoniac, one part, previously dissolved in Common turpentine, two parts. Mix well. I'h. Germ. A good application to the stomach in hysteria witn flatulence, and to the chest in hooping-cough. Dewees's Carminative. R. Carbonate of mag- nesium, half a drachm. Tincture of assafetida, sixty drops. " opium, twenty drops. Sugar, one drachm. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Mix well. Dewees. Yery useful in the flatulent colic, diar- rhoea, etc., of infants. Dose, twenty-five drops to a child of two to four weeks old, increasing the dose for those of a more ad- vanced age. Suppositories of Assafetida. R. Tincture of assafetida, one fl. ounce. Oil of theobroma, 320 grains. Evaporate the tincture in a moderately warm place spontaneously until reduced to a syrupy consistence, mix this with a drachm of the oil, and afterwards with the remaining oil, previously melted and cooled again to 95°. Make twelve suppositories. U. S. Ph. ATROPIA. Atropia. R. Powdered belladonna root, forty-eight troyounces. Chloroform, four troyounces and a half. Alcohol, sufficient. Exhaust the powder by percolation with alcohol, distil to four pints, acidulate with sulphuric acid, evaporate to half a pint, add an equal bulk of water, and filter. Agitate with one-third of the chloroform and a slight excess of solution of potassa ; separate the heavier solution and treat the watery liquid in same manner with the re- mainder of the chloroform in two portions, lastly evaporate the mixed chloroformic sohitions spontaneously. U. S. Ph. The process of Brit. Ph. is similar, but the atropia is purified yet by animal char- coal. Sulphate of Atropia. R. Atropia, sixty grains. Strong ether, four and a half fl. ounces. Sulphuric acid, six grains. Stronger alcohol, one fl. drachm. Dissolve atropia in ether; mix acid and alcohol, and drop into first solution until neutralized. When the sulphate has been deposited, decant and dry. U. S. Ph. AUEANTIUM. — ATIEANTII CORTEX, 157 R. Atropia, two drachms. Distilled water, four fl. drachms. Diluted sulphuric acid, sufficient. Mix atropia and water, neutralize with the acid, and evaporate to dryness by a heat not exceeding 100°. Brit. Ph. Solution of Atropia. R. Atropia, four grains. Alcohol, one fl. drachm. Distilled water, seven fl. drachms. Dissolve the atropia in the alcohol and add this gradually to the water. Brit. Ph. Employed like the next. Solution of Sulphate of Atropia. R. Sulphate of atropia, four grains. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. Brit. Ph. For hypodermic injection, and as an ap- plication to the eyes for dilating the pupil. One or two drops will generally dilate the pupil, if dropped between the lids. Two minims contain ^, three minims, -fa grain of sulphate of atropia. Syrup of Atropia. R. Atropia, one part. Syrup, ten thousand parts. Dissolve the atropia in one hundred parts of water acidulated with one part of muri- atic acid, then mix with the syrup. Bouchardat. Tincture of Atropia. R. Atropia, fifteen grains. Alcohol (85 per cent.), ten fl. drachms. Mix. Dose, one to three drops. Bouchardat. Ointment of Atropia. R. Atropia, eight grains. Rectified spirit, half a fl. drachm. Prepared lard, one ounce. Dissolve the atropia in the spirit, and mix thoroughly with the lard. Brit. Ph. AURANTIUM. Orange. Citrus vulgaris, the bitter, and C. auran- tium, the sweet orange, are natives of Asia, but now cultivated in all warm Himates ; the two species are considered merely as varieties by some botanists. Sex. Syst. Polydelph. icosand. Nat. Syst. Aurantiacese. Liud. Fl. Med. 163. Griffith, Med. Bot. 165. Almost every part is employed in medi- cine, but only the rind of the fruit and the flowers are officinal in the U. S. Ph. AURAiYTII CORTEX. Orange-Peel. Powder of Orange-Peel and Rhubarb. R. Powdered orange-peel, u rhubarb, Bitartrate of potassium, each, one ounce. Mix well. Dose, one or two teaspoonfuls a day. In dyspepsia, with a costive con- dition of the bowels. Radius. R Confection of Orange-Peel. Fresh sweet orange-peel, grated, one pound. White sugar, three pounds. Beat together, till thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. As a vehicle or adjunct to powders. R Electuary of Orange-Peel. Orange-peel, half an ounce. Willow bark, two drachms. Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. Make an electuary. To be taken in divided doses, during the apyrexia of intermittent fever. Phoebus. Orange Wine. This is a wine made in Britain by the fermentation of a saccharine solution, to which the fresh peel of the bitter orange has been added. Brit. Ph. Tincture of Orange-Peel. R. Bitter orange-peel, in powder, No. 50, four troyounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by displacement two pints. The tincture of Brit. Ph. is nearly one* fourth weaker; Paris Codex and Ph. Germ, direct one part of the peel to five parts of 60 per cent, alcohol. Used principally as an addition to in- fusions, decoctions, etc. 158 AURANTII FOLIA, Spirit of Orange-Peel. R. Fresh orange-peel, five parts. Alcohol (80 per cent), thirty parts. Macerate for two days, add some water, and distil thirty parts. Paris Codex. Used for the same purposes as the last. Elixir of Orange-Peel. R. Orange-peel, one ounce. Cascarilla, half an ounce. Water of citron-peel, " wormwood, Alcohol, each, half a pint. Digest for four days, and filter. Moscati. Dose, from four to six fl. drachms, as a carminative and stomachic. Infusion of Orange-Peel. R. Bitter orange-peel, cut, half an ounce. Boiling distilled water, ten ounces. Macerate for fifteen minutes, and strain. Brit. Ph. Compound Infusion of Orange-Peel. R. Bitter orange-peel, cut, half an ounce. Fresh lemon-peel cut, two drachms. Bruised cloves, one drachm. Boiling distilled water, twenty ounces. Macerate for a quarter of an hour, and strain. Brit. Ph. This preparation is used as a stomachic, in the dose of one or two fl. ounces. Compound Tincture of Orange Berries. (Bitter Tincture.) R. Orange berries,! Centaury, I each, two parts. Gentian, ) Zedoary, one part. Alcohol (0.892), thirty-five parts. Digest for eight days, express, and filter. Dose, one to lour fl. drachms. Ph. Germ. Extract of Orange-Peel. R. Bitter orange-peel, one part. Exhaust by digesting for three days, first with four parts, afterwards with two parts of diluted alcohol; mix the expressed liquids, filter, and evaporate to the proper consistence. Ph. Germ. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Syrup of Orange-Peel. R. Sweet orange-peel, recently dried, and in fine powder, two troyounces. Obtain by slow percolation with alcohol six fl. ounces of tincture, evaporate it at a temperature not over 120°, to two fl. ounces, add Carbonate of mag- nesium, half a troyounce. Sugar, one troyounce. Rub them together, add gradually half a pint of water, filter, and having added enough water to make the filtrate measure a pint, dissolve in it, with the aid of a gentle heat, Sugar, twenty-seven troyounces. Strain. U. S. Ph. R. Bitter orange-peel, cut; two parts. Good white wine, fourteen parts. Macerate for two days, express, filter, and to eleven parts of the filtrate add White sugar, eighteen parts. Dissolve. Ph. Germ. The syrup of Brit. Ph. is a mixture of one fl. ounce of the tincture with seven fl. ounces of simple syrup. Paris Codex di- rects as menstruum, water mixed with one- tenth of 60 per cent, alcohol. Simple Elixir. R. Fresh orange-peel, two drachms. Star anise, half a drachm. Cardamom, one scruple. Simple syrup, six fl. ounces. Caramel, ten grains. Reduce orange-peel to a pulp, add aro- matics in fine powder, displace with diluted alcohol to obtain six fl. ounces, add remain- ing ingredients, and then enough water to make one pint. An agreeable vehicle. 0. Eberbach. AURANTII FOLIA Orange Leaves. Electuary of Orange Leaves. R. Orange leaves, Valerian, each, half a drachm. Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. AtTKANTII FLORES. AITRUM. 159 Make an electuary. Radius. A teaspoonful occasionally as an anti- spasmodic. Jelly of Orange Leaves. R. Orange leaves, an ounce and a half. Boiling water, Digest for twenty-four add two pints, hours, strain, and Powdered salep, two drachms. Boil to a jelly, and add Wine, Syrup of orange flowers, each. one fl. ounce. In teaspoonful doses, in marasmus. Radius. AURANTII FLORES Orange Flowers. Confection of Orange Flowers. R. Orange flowers, one part. Syrup, three parts. Evaporate to proper consistence. Taddei. Pastilles of Orange Flowers. R. Sugar, Orange-flower water, each, Dissolve and evaporate to consistence of honey ; add a mixture of Sugar, four ounces. Oil of orange flowers, half a drachm. Make pastilles. Cotter eau. two ounces. Orange-Flower Water. R. Fresh orange flowers, ten parts. Water, sufficient. By means of steam, distil off twenty parts, and separate the oil. Paris Codex. R. Fresh orange flowers, forty-eight troyounces. Water, sixteen pints. Mix, and by means of steam, distil eight pints. U. S. Ph. The oil which floats upon the distillate is the oil of neroli or oil of orange flowers. R Syrup of Orange Flowers. Orange-flower water, twenty fl. ounces. Sugar, thirty-six troyounces. Dissolve in a close vessel, with the aid of a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. AURANTII FRUCTUS. Orange Berries. Both the unripe and ripe fruit are used. Syrup of Oranges. R. Clarified orange juice, four parts. Sugar, seven parts. Dissolve. Paris Codex. Compound Orange Elixir. R. Orange berries, bruised, six parts. Cinnamon, bruised, two parts. Carbonate of potassium, one part. Sherry wine, fifty parts. Macerate for eight days, express, filter, and add Extract of gentian, " wormwood, " bogbean, " cascarilla, Dissolve, let settle, and filter. This is the Elixir viscerate Hoffmanni, much used in Europe in dyspepsia in doses of twenty to sixty minims. each, one part. Ph. Germ. ATJRUM. Gold. Gold is used as a remedial agent in its pure state, bat only in an infinitely divided form, in which it is stated that it acts on the system, and to be equally efficacious as its salts, but its action is much milder. It has been prescribed in various forms of syphilitic diseases, in doses of a quarter of a grain to a grain, three or four times a day. one part. Powder of Gold. R. Gold leaf, Sulphate of potassium, eight to ten parts. Triturate thoroughly, wash out the sulphate of potassium, and sift through fine gauze. Paris Codex. To be applied in friction on the gums and tongue. R. Dilute solution of nitro- muriate of gold, at will. Solution sulphate of iron, sufficient to precipitate ; collect this, and dry. Tromsdorff. 160 AURI ET SODII CHLORIDUM, R. Pulverized gold, six grains. Starch, sixty-six grains. Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One to be given four times a day. Riecke. R. Pulverized gold, Lycopodium, each, two grains. Mix. To be rubbed, during tlie day, on the tongue. Riecke. Syrup of Gold. R. Pulverized gold, twenty-four grains. Syrup, one ounce. Mix. As an application to chancres on the fauces. Bories. Ointment of Gold. R. Pulverized gold, one drachm. Lard, half an ounce. Triturate well. A3 a dressing to venereal ulcers, and also to a surface having the cuticle removed ; when the surface becomes dry, substitute the ointment of chloride of gold. Legrand. AURI CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Gold. R. Leaf gold, Nitric acid, sp. gr. 1.32, each, one part. Muriatic acid, sp. gr. 1.11, three parts. Dissolve by aid of a sand-bath, and evapo- rate till vapors of chlorine are given off, and set aside to crystallize. Dose, one-twentieth to one-sixteenth of a grain. Paris Codex. R. Pure gold, one part. Nitro-muriatic acid (made with three parts muriatic acid, one part nitric acid, and one of water), two parts. Put the gold in a porcelain capsule, and add tin; acid ; cover with a plate of glass, and place on ;i salt-water bath. Continue heat till nitrous fumes are no longer evolved. Raise the glass l>y means of a fold of paper, and continue heat, till, on introducing a glass rod, the adhering chloride of gold be- comes solid on cooling, liemove from fire, and let crystallize. Leval. Powder of Chloride of Gold. R. Chloride of gold, oik; part. Powdered orris root, two parts. Mix. In frictions on the gums, in the dose of a fifteenth to a tenth of a grain. Foy. Bolus of Chloride of Gold. R. Chloride of gold, half a grain. Extract of aconite, twelve grains. Mix, and make six boluses. One to be taken three times a day. Brera. Pills of Chloride of Gold. R. Chloride of gold, ten grains. Powdered liquorice, three drachms. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make one hundred and fifty pills. One, thrice a day. Ellis. Tincture of Chloride of Gold. R Leaf gold, Nitro-muriatic acid, Dissolve, and add Oil of rosemary, Alcohol, Mix. Dose, ten drops. one drachm, one ounce. two ounces. eight ounces. Spielmann. Caustic of Chloride of Gold. R. Chloride of gold, one ounce. Nitro-muriatic acid, one fl. ounce. Mix. Used as a caustic to the surface of cancerous ulcers, applied by means of a dossil of lint. Recamier. Collyrium of Chloride of Gold. R. Chloride of gold, two grains. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Dissolve. As a collyrium in ophthalmia. Jahn. Ointment of Chloride of Gold. R. Chloride of gold, eight grains. Lard, half an ounce. Mix. To relieve rheumatic pains. Legrand. AURI ET SODII CHLORIDUM. Chloride op Gold and Sodium. R. Leaf gold, Nitric acid, sp. gr. 1 each, Muriatic acid, sp. gr Chloride of sodium, Prepare the chloride of gold given above, dissolve it in add tin; chloride of sodium, pellicle, and let crystallize. .32, ten parts. .1.11, thirty parts, three parts. by the formula distilled water, evaporate to a Paris Codex. AUEI CYANIDUM 161 The Germ. Ph. proceeds nearly the same, but directs for sixty-five parts of metallic gold one hundred parts of chloride of sodium, so that the product contains half its weight of chloride of gold. Powder of Chloride of Gold and Sodium. R. Chloride of gold and ' sodium, one part. Lycopodium, two parts. Mix. Cadet. R. Chloride of gold and sodium, one part. Sugar of milk, sixteen parts. Mix. Radius. R. Chloride of gold and sodium, three parts. Powdered orris root, nine parts. Mix. Three grains contain about three- fourths of a grain of the chloride, and are used for thirty frictions, for the weakest doses, and three for the strongest. Legrand. Pills of Chloride of Gold and Sodium. R. Chloride of gold and sodium, ten grains. Potato starch, four grains. Gum Arabic, Distilled water, each, one drachm. Mix, and make one hundred and twenty pills. Each contains one-twelfth of a grain of chloride. Soubeiran. R. Chloride of gold and sodium, four grains. Extract of bitter- sweet, one drachm. Extract of aconite, ten grains. Powdered marsh mallow, Distilled water, each, sufficient. Mix, and make eighty pills. Dose, three thrice a day, in dropsy, incontinence of urine, amaurosis, etc. Groetzner. R. Chloride of gold and sodium, one grain. Extract of mezereon, one drachm. Mix, and make sixty pills. Lozenges of Chloride of Gold and Sodium. R. Chloride of gold and sodium, five grains Powdered sugar, one ounce Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. I ^ive Rub the chloride in a glass mortar with the sugar, add the mucilage, and make sixty lozenges. Soubeiran. Solution of Chloride of Gold and Sodium. R. Chloride of gold and sodium, two grains. Distilled water, one ounce. Dissolve. Ten drops, every two hours, in dropsy and incontinence of urine. Radius. R Syrup of Chloride of Gold and Sodium. Chloride of gold and sodium, one grain. Syrup, six ounces. Dissolve. Dose, from half an ounce to an ounce. Bories. Compound Syrup of Chloride of Gold and Sodium. R. Peruvian bark, Gentian, each, three ounces. Mezereon, one ounce and a half. Foxglove, two drachms and a half. Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to one pint, and pour the boiling decoction on Bitter orange peel, one ounce. Cloves, half an ounce. After a sufficient infusion, strain, and add Chloride of gold and sodium, four grains. A spoonful, night and morning. Bories. Ointment of Chloride of Gold and Sodium. R. Chloride of gold and sodium, one scruple. Lard, one ounce. Mix well. Foy. R. Chloride of gold and sodium, three to four grains. Lard, Mix thoroughly. half an ounce. Groetzner. ATJRI CYANIDUM. Cyanide of Gold. R. Leaf gold, one part. Nitro-muriatic acid, six parts. Dissolve, and evaporate to dryness. Dis- 162 AUEI IODIDUM.- AUEUM AMMONIATUM, Distilled water, eight parts. Reduce on a water-bath to one-fourth, and add very gradually Cyanide of potassium, half a part. Distilled water, twenty-four parts. Agitate, let rest, and separate the cyanide of gold. Soubeiran. R. Fresh precipitated oxide of gold (washed, but not dried), at will. Diluted hydrocyanic acid, sufficient. Boil till solution assumes a beautiful yellow tint, evaporate to dryness on a water-bath. Desfosses. Dose, from eighteenth to tenth of a grain. Powder of Cyanide of Gold. R. Cyanide of gold, one grain. Lycopodinm, fifteen grains. Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. One every day, as friction on the gums and tongue. Radius. Pills of Cyanide of Gold. R. Cyanide of gold, one grain. Powdered liquorice, thirty-one grains. Mucilage, sufficient. Mix, and make sixteen pills. Radius. R. Cyanide of gold, one grain. Extract of mezereon, three grains. Powdered marsh mallow, sufficient to make fifteen pills. Dose, one pill twice a day. Lozenges of Cyanide of Gold. R. Cyanide of gold, one grain. Chocolate, sufficient to make sixteen lozenges. Soubeiran. Solution of Cyanide of Gold. R. Cyanide of gold, three grains. Diluted alcohol, eight fl. ounces. A teaspoonful, twice a day. gradually in- creasing the dose. Christien. AURI IODIDUM. Iodide of Gold. R. Solution of chloride of gold, at will. Solution of iodide of potassium, sufficient to precipitate ; wash the precipitate with alcohol, and dry it. Old Paris Codex. R. Solution chloride of gold, at will. " iodide of am- monium, sufficient to precipitate. Wash with alcohol, and dry. Miellet. Used like the other preparations, and in the same doses. one part, forty parts. AURI OXIDUM Oxide of Gold. R. Chloride of gold, Distilled water, Dissolve, and add Fresh calcined magnesia, four parts. Boil ; wash the precipitate with distilled water, then with nitric acid diluted with twenty parts of water, and again with water. Dry in the shade. Dorvault. Dose, from a tenth to three- fourths of a grain. Powder of Oxide of Gold. R. Oxide of gold, two drachms. Sulphuret of antimony, half an ounce. Oil of cinnamon, eight drops. Triturate together. Spielmann. R. Oxide of gold, four scruples. Prepared hartshorn, one ounce. Triturate together. Used in malignant fevers and smallpox. Spielmann. Pills of Oxide of Gold. R. Oxide of gold, five grains. Extract of mezereon, two drachms. Mix, and make sixty pills. Magendie- AURUM AMMONIATUM. Ammoniated Gold. R. Gold leaf, two drachms. Nitro-muriatic acid, one ounce. Dissolve, and add Water of ammonia, sufficient to precipitate. Wash and dry, with great caution. Niemann. This is what is termed fulminating gold, and explodes at 400° V. It has been used in fevers, etc., as a diaphoretic, but has pro- duced unpleasant consequences. Pills of Ammoniated Gold. R. Ammoniated gold,"^ each, Calomel, V half a Extract of squill, \ drachm. AUEUM 8TAXXO-PAEATUM.-AVENA SATIVA. 163 Powdered rhubarb, two drachms. Conserve of juniper, sufficient. Mix, and make pills of two grains. Plenck. AURUM STANNO-PARATUM. Purple of Cassius. R. Chloride of gold, one part. Distilled water, two hundred parts. Add to this solution, very gradually, Pure tin, one part. Nitro-muriatic acid, three parts. Dissolve without heat, and add Distilled water, one hundred parts, as long as any precipitate falls. Wash this and dry by a gentle heat. Paris Codex, 1839. This is used like the other preparations of gold. AYEXA SATIYA. Oat. The common oat, although generally cul- tivated from a very early age, is not known in a wild state. Sex. Syst. Triand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Gra- minacea?. Linn. Sp. PI. 61. Griffith, Med. Bot. 662. Though for the most part used as food for horses, it contains much nutritive matter, and forms an important article of diet in some parts of Europe. It is also employed in medicine as a bland, nutritious, and some- what laxative nutriment in inflammatory diseases. When the grains are merely freed from their husk and coarsely broken, they are called groats. Groat Gruel. R. Groats, three ounces. Wash well in cold water, and then put into Fresh water, four pints. Boil slowly to one-half, and strain through a fine sieve. A. T. Thomson. R. Groats, five drachms. Liquorice root, three drachms. Boil the groats in sufficient water to have one quart of decoction, add the liquorice, and after a sufficient infusion, strain. Cottereau. Oatmeal Gruel. R. Oatmeal, two ounces. Water, one pint and a half. Eub the meal in a basin, with the back of a spoon, in some of the water, pouring off the fluid after the grosser particles have subsided, but whilst the milkiness remains ; repeat this with fresh water. Stir well, and unite the washings, and boil until a soft, thick mucilage is formed. A. T. Thomson. Both these preparations may be flavored according to circumstances. Compound Decoction of Oatmeal. R. Groats, six ounces. Red saunders, chipped, one ounce. Chicory root, one ounce and a half. Water, twelve pints. Boil down one-third, and add to the strained decoction Nitre, half an ounce. Sugar, two ounces. Dissolve. Advised in gout, nephritis, etc., to be taken hot or tepid, morning and even- ing, for some weeks, in doses of six or eight fl. ounces. Wirt. Ph. Flummery of Oatmeal. R. Oatmeal or groats, a quart. Kub for a considerable time with two quarts of hot water, and let the mixture stand till it becomes sour, then add another quart of hot water, and strain through a hair sieve. Let stand till a white sediment is deposited, decant the fluid, and wash the sediment with cold water. This is now to be boiled with fresh water, till it forms a mucilage, stirring the whole time. It is a very light and somewhat nutritious food, during early convalescence. A. T. Thomson. Powder for a Cataplasm. R. Linseed meal, one part. Oatmeal, two parts. Dub. Ph. 1826. R. Powder for a cataplasm, at will. Boiling water, sufficient. Mix for a poultice. Dub. Ph. 1826. Oatmeal Poultice. R. Oatmeal, sufficient. Stir gradually into water kept boiling, until it is sufficiently consistent. A. T. Thomson. 164 AZEDABACH. — BALSAMTJM PERU VIANTJM, AZEDARACH. AZEDARACH — (PRIDE OP CHINA.) The Melia Jzedarach is a tree, a native of many parts of Asia, and naturalized in the warmer parts of Europe and the United States. Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Me- Linn. Sp. PI. 550. Griffith, Med. Bot. 179. The parts used are the bark of the root, the berries, and the leaves. The former only is officinal in the U. S. Pharm. It is cathartic and emetic ; in large doses some- what narcotic ; it is also an efficient anthel- mintic. R Decoction of Azedarach. Azedarach, four ounces. Water, two pints. Boil to a pint, and strain. Wood. Dose, one fl. ounce, every two or three hours, for a child. Ointment of Azedarach Berries. R. Pulp of berries, Lard, each, one ounce. Eub well together. Said to be useful as an application in tinea capitis. B, BALLOTA LANATA. Hairy Horehound. Several species of Ballota have at differ- ent times been used in medicine, but this is the only one that appears to possess active properties. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gym. Nat. Syst. Lamiacese. The whole plant is used, with the excep- tion of the root, and is stated to be an excel- lent diuretic, and useful in dropsical cases. Decoction of Hairy Horehound. R. Hairy horehound, one ounce and a half. Boiling water, two pints. Boil down to one pint. Dose, a cupful twice a day, gradually increasing the quan- tity. Rehmann. BALSAMUM PERUVIANTTM. Balsam op Peru. This balsam is the product of Myrospermum Penriferum, or of Myroxylon Pereirce, a large tree indigenous to South America, where it is called quinquino. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Sijst. Fa- bacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 233. Griffith, Med. Bot. 248. The balsam is a thick, viscid fluid, of a dark, reddish-brown color, an agreeable, fragrant odor, and a warm, bitterish taste, occasioning a pungent sensation in the throat. It is stimulating, tonic, and ex- pectorant, and has been much used in pec- toral complaints, etc., and also externally ns n,n application to Indolent ulcers. The dose is about half a ti. drachm. Pills of Balsam of Peru. R. Balsam of Peru, one drachm. Extract of bitter polygala, two drachms. Marsh mallow, sufficient to make one hundred and twenty pills. Ten, four times a day, in chronic mucous discharges. Schubert. Acoustic Balsam. R. Balsam of Peru, half a drachm. Narcotic oil, Onion juice, each, one ounce. Mix. A dossil of cotton saturated with this oil is to be introduced into the deaf ear, provided there is no inflammation or violent pain. R. Beef gall, three fl. drachms. Balsam of Peru, one fl. drachm. Mix. To be occasionally dropped into the ear to correct a fetid discharge, syringing it also, daily, with a weak solution of soap and water. Hugh Smith. Liniment for Chilblains. R. Balsam of Peru, half a drachm. Muriatic ether, Laudanum, each, two drachms. Mix. As a friction. Henschel. R Mamillary Lotion. Balsam of Peru, one drachm. Yolk of egg, one. Spirit of wild thyme, three ounces. Mix. The sore nipple is to be bathed with this, and then sprinkled with a powder, composed of one drachm of Peruvian bark, and two drachms of gum Arabic. Jverg. BALSAMUM TOLUTAJTUM 165 Balsam of Peru Mixture. R. Balsam of Peru, two drachms. Yolk of egg, one. Extract of cinchona, two drachms. Honey of roses, three ounces. Mix. Two dessertspoonfuls, four times a day, in chronic mucous discharges. St. Marie. R. Balsam of Peru, half a drachm. Mucilage of gam Arabic, sufficient. Cinnamon water, Water, each, half a fl. ounce. Mix. To be taken three or four times a day, as an expectorant in chronic catarrh. Ellis. Tincture of Balsam of Peru. R. Balsam of Peru, one part. Alcohol, five parts. Macerate for ten days, and filter. Paris Codex. Principally used as an external applica- tion to ulcers, etc. Syrup of Balsam of Peru. R. Balsam of Peru, one part. Water, eleven parts. Digest for several hours, frequently shak- ing; cool, decant, filter, and to ten parts of the nitrate add Sugar, eighteen parts. Make a syrup. Dose, one to four fl. drachms. Ph. Germ. Balsam of Peru Collutory. R. Tincture of balsam of Peru, one part. Tincture of guaiacum, four parts. Mix. A teaspoonful to a glass of water, to rinse the mouth. Taddei. each, one part. Oleo-balsamic Mixture. R. Oil of lavender, cloves, cinnamon, thyme, lemon, mace, orange flowers, Balsam of Peru, three parts. Alcohol two hundred and forty parts. Macerate for a week, shaking frequently, and filter. Ph. Germ. Known as Hoffmann's Balsam of Life. Dose, ten to thirty drops on sugar or in wine. Locatelli's Balsam. R. Olive oil, six ounces. Yellow wax, four ounces. Wine, five fl. ounces. Melt together by a gentle heat, till all moisture is evaporated, and add Yenice turpentine, six ounces. Balsam of Peru, two drachms. Red saunclers, half an ounce. Mix. Formerly used in phthisis, but now employed only as an external application. This is the original formula. Spielmann. Ointment of Balsam of Peru. R. Balsam of Peru, Spermaceti ointment, equal parts. Mix. As a dressing to painful ulcers. Radius. Compound Ointment of Balsam of Peru. R. Lard, two ounces. White wax, four drachms. Melt in a water-bath, and add Balsam of Peru, two drachms. Oil of lavender, twelve minims. As an application to promote the growth of the hair. Copland. Plaster of Balsam of Peru. R. Powdered carbonate of lead, sixteen parts. Powdered litharge, eight parts. Rose oil, forty-eight parts. White wax, thirty-two parts. Melt together, and, at close of operation, add Balsam of Peru, two parts. As an application to indolent ulcers. Foy. BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. Balsam op Toltj. This is the balsamic exudation of Myro- spermum (Myroxylon) toluiferum, a large tree (of which little is known) growing in seve- ral parts of South America. Sex. Srjst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fa- T\o poop De Candolle, Prod. ii. 95. Griffith, Med. Bot. 250. 166 BALSAMTJM TOLTJT ANUM. As first obtained, the balsam is soft and tenacious, but it gradually becomes hard and brittle ; then it is transparent, shining, of a yellowish, or reddish-brown color, of a fragrant odor, and a sweetish, warm taste. It is a stimulating expectorant. The dose is from ten to thirty grains. Lozenges of Tolu. R. Balsam of Tolu, one ounce. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. Dissolve and add Water, two fl. ounces. Heat in a water-bath, and filter ; add Tragacanth, five scruples. Sugar, twenty ounces. Beat into a paste, and make lozenges of fifteen grains. Paris Codex. Tincture of Tolu. R. Balsam of Tolu, three troyounces. Alcohol, two pints. Macerate till dissolved, then filter. TJ. S. Ph. Tincture of Tolu of Brit. Ph. contains one-fourth more Tolu than the preceding ; that of Paris Codex is twice this strength. A highly stimulating expectorant. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Compound Tincture of Tolu. R. Balsam of Tolu, two ounces. Balsam of Peru, one ounce. Benzoic acid, Saffron, each, half an ounce. Alcohol, twenty-four fl. ounces. Digest for three days, and filter. Sptelmann. Tincture of Tolu with Foxglove. R. Tincture of Tola, one fl. ounce and a half. Elixir of vitriol, half a fl. drachm. Tincture of fox- glove, one fl. drachm. Antimonial wine, two fl. drachms. Clarified honey, one fl. ounce and a half. Powdered liquorice, half a drachm. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Mix. A tablesnponful, according to cir- cumstances. Ellis. Emulsion of Tolu. K. Balsam of Tolu, three drachms. .Mecca, eight drops. Barley water, eighteen fl. ounces. Sugar, six drachms. Make an emulsion. A spoonful occasion- ally, in chronic catarrh, etc. Spielmann. Syrup of Tolu. R. Tincture of Tolu, two fl. ounces. Carbonate of magnesium, two drachms. Water, one pint. Sugar, twenty-six troyounces. Rub the tincture with the carbonate and two troyounces of the sugar, then with the water gradually added, and filter ; add the remainder of the sugar, dissolve with a gentle heat, and strain. TJ. S. Ph. R. Tincture of Tolu, one and a half fl. ounces. Sugar, (troy) two and a half pounds. Water, one pint. Mix the tincture with one pound of sugar, in a shallow dish, and allow the alcohol to evaporate spontaneously. Then add the remainder of the sugar, and dissolve it in twelve fl. ounces of the water. Beat up the white of an egg with the remaining four ounces of water, add it to the syrup, boil for a minute or two, and strain through flannel. /. Laidley. R. Balsam of Tolu, one ounce and a quarter. Boiling water, sufficient. Sugar, thirty-two ounces. Boil the balsam in water for half an hour, occasionally stirring ; when cold filter to obtain one pint, add the sugar, and form syrup. Brit. Ph. Mixture of Tolu and Morphia. R. Oxymel of squill, one ounce and a half. Syrup of Tolu, half an ounce. Acetate of morphia, half to one grain. Mix. A teaspoonful, as occasion may re- quire, in catarrh. Ellis. Sweet almonds, half an ounce. Mixture of Tolu and Belladonna. R. Syrup of Tolu, three fl. ounces and a half. " sencka, half a fl. ounce. Extract of belladonna, eight to twelve grains. Wine of ipecacuanha, one fl. drachm. BAPTISIA TINCTOKIA. BARII CAEBONAS 167 Mix. A teaspoonful three or four times a day, in cough. Ellis. Mixture of Tolu and Almond Emulsion. R. Almond emulsion, fifteen parts. S} T rup of Tolu, one part. Mix. In cough. Beral. Mixture of Tolu and Copaiba. R. Balsam of Tolu, Copaiba, Powdered gum Arabic, each, Elixir of vitriol, Distilled water, Mix. A tablespoonful chronic hooping-cough. half an ounce, twenty drops, six fl. ounces. occasionally, in Ellis. Tolu Mixture. R Tincture of Tolu, one ounce. Laudanum, two drachms. Tincture of foxglove, one drachm. Mix. In the chronic cough of haemoptysis. Forty to fifty drops, every three or four hours. Dewees. Mixture of Tolu and Opium. R. Balsam of Tolu, one drachm. Powdered gum Arabic, one drachm and a half. Water, four fl. ounces. Syrup of opium, half a fl. ounce. Make an emulsion. Niemann. Inhalation of Tolu. R Balsam of Tolu, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Mix. The vapor to be inhaled. Ellis. BAPTISIA TINCTORIA. Wild Indigo. A native plant, found in most parts of the country ; becoming black wben dried. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fabaceae. Torrey and Gray, Flor. i. 386. Griffith, Med. Bot. 231. Tbe root, which is the part used, is emetic and purgative when fresh. Has been con- sidered a valuable antiseptic and febrifuge, and has been given with advantage in ty- phus fever, scarlatina, etc., and also used as a wash to foul ulcers, aphthae, etc. Most employed in decoction. Decoction of "Wild Indigo. R. Root of wild indigo, one ounce. Boiling water, a pint and a half. Boil down to a pint. Dose, half a fl. ounce every four to eight hours. Comstock. R Ointment of Wild Indigo . Contused root of wild indigo, two ounces. Lard, six ounces. Simmer together for an hour and strain. Has been found beneficial as an applica- tion to burns and ulcers. BARIUM. BARII ACETAS. Acetate of Barium. R. Carbonate of barium, at will. Acetic acid, sufficient to saturate ; filter, evaporate, and crystal- lize. Van Mons. Solution of Acetate of Barium. R. Acetate of barium, one part. Distilled water, nine parts. Dissolve, and filter. In same cases and doses as the solution of baryta. Hamb. Ph. BARII CARBONAS. Carbonate of Barium. R. Native sulphate of barium (heavy spar), four parts. Fused chloride of calcium, two parts. Charcoal, one part. Reduce separately to a fine powder, mix intimately and heat to redness, as long as the blue flame of carbonic oxide is observed. Boil with water, filter, and crystallize. Re- dissolve the crystals in distilled water, pre- cipitate with solution of pure carbonate of sodium, wash, and dry. Duflos. May be used in doses of one-eighth to a quarter of a grain ; but is chiefly employed for preparing the soluble salts of barium. 168 BAKU CHLORIDUM. BABII IODIDUM. BARII CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Barium. R. Carbonate of barium, Muriatic acid, each, four troyounces. Water, one pint. Mix the acid with the water, and gradually add the baryta ; towards the close of effer- vescence, apply a gentle heat, and, when action has ceased, filter, and evaporate for crystals to form. U. S. Ph. Powders of Chloride of Barium. R. Chloride of barium, two drachms. Calomel, ten grains. Sulphuret of antimony, six grains. Mix, and divide into forty-eight powders. Dose, two a day in syrup, in cutaneous affections. Swediaur. Pills of Chloride of Barium. R. Chloride of barium, Extract of liquorice, each, half a drachm. Powdered liquorice root, Water, each, sufficient. Mix, and divide into one hundred and twenty pills. Phoebus. Dose, four to eight, three or four times a day. R. Chloride of barium, one drachm. Resin of guaiacura, half an ounce. Conserve of fumitory, sufficient. Mix, and make one hundred and eighty- eight pills. One to be taken morning and evening, increased to two, against tape- worm. Pierquin. Solution of Chloride of Barium. R. Chloride of barium, one troy- ounce. Distilled water, three fl. ounces. Dissolve, and filter. U. S. Ph. Has been used in small doses in cancer and scrofula. Dose, five drops, two or three times a day, cautiously increasing. Collyrium of Chloride of Barium. K. Chloride of barium, ten grains, one ounce. Distilled water, Dissolve, filter, and add Mucilage of quince seeds, two drachms. Wine of opium, half a drachm. Radius. The eyelids are to be washed several times a day with this, in scrofulous ophthal- mia. Mixture of Chloride of Barium. R. Chloride of barium, " iron, each, half a drachm. Distilled water, one ounce. Dissolve. Augustin. Dose, twenty to sixty drops. R. Chloride of barium, Extract of cicuta, each, half a drachm. Distilled water, half an ounce. Antimonial wine, one drachm and a half. Phoebus. Dose, fifteen to twenty drops every three hours, in chronic orchitis. R. Chloride of barium, one drachm. Balm water, seven fl. drachms. Antimonial wine, one fl. drachm. Dose, twenty to thirty drops four times a day. Hufeland. R. Chloride of barium, four grains. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. Extract of hemlock, four grains. Common emulsion, one pound. Syrup, one ounce. Mix. To be taken during the day, in scrofula, and scrofulous phthisis. Brera. BARII IODIDUM. Iodide of Barium. R. Iodine, Iron filings, Water, one hundred parts. thirty parts. sufficient. Prepare an iodide of iron, add baryta dis- solved in twenty parts of water, as long as a precipitate is formed, heat a moment, fil- ter, evaporate, and crystallize. Magendie. Has been used with success in scrofula. Dose, one-eighth of a grain, three times a day, cautiously increasing. Powder of Iodide of Barium. R. Iodide of barium, one grain. Powdered cinnamon, Sugar, each, four scruples. Mix well, and divide into eight powders. One to be given two or three times a day in scrofula. Radius. BAKU SULPHUEETUM. — BEC C ABU^G A 169 Ointment of Iodide of Barium. R. Iodide of barium, four grains. Lard, one ounce. Mix. As a friction in scrofulous swellines. Biett. BARII SULPHURETUM. SULPHURET OF BARIUM. R. Sulphate of barium, eleven parts. Charcoal, one part. Oil of turpentine, sufficient. Triturate the sulphate with the coal, mois- ten the mixture with the turpentine, aud heat the whole in a crucible to redness ; let cool, and preserve. Van Mons. BARYTA. Barytes. R. Xitrate of barium, sufficient. Expose in a platina crucible to a red heat. When the mass has become solid and po- rous, raise to a white heat, remove from fire, and cool. Van Mqhs. Solution of Barytes. R. Baryta, one part. Distilled water, twenty parts. Dissolve. Van Mons. Has been recommended in scrofula, in doses of four to five drops, in some appro- priate vehicle. Barytic Liniment. R. Solution of baryta, one part. Olive oil, six parts. Rub together. Soubeiran. Advised as an external application in lepra, and other obstinate cutaneous dis- eases. BEBERIA. Bebeerina. This is an alkaloid obtained from bebeeru bark, the bark of the greenheart tree, grow- ing in British Guiana. It belongs to the genus Xectandra, and has been named N. Rodioci. The bark is in flat pieces, smooth, grayish, hard, heavy, and brittle, with but little odor, though of a very bitter taste. Bebeeriua is extracted from this bark in the form of a sulphate, by a process similar to that used to obtain sulphate of quinia. In this form it contains both bebeerina and si- perina, and is in thin, somewhat glittering scales of a dark brownish color, forming a yellow powder, soluble in cold water, but often forming a turbid solution, which is ren- dered clear by a few drops of diluted sul- phuric acid. Pure bebeerina can be obtained from this solution as follows : — Decompose by ammonia, wash the preci- pitate, and whilst moist, triturate with moist hydrated oxide of lead; dry on a water-bath, exhaust with alcohol, and distil off the spirit, treat the residue with ether; on the evapo- ration of the ether, bebeerina will be left of a bright canary-yellow color, but in powder appears nearly white. Dose of the sulphate is one to three grains as a tonic, and five grains to a scruple as a febrifuge. It is not equal to quinia as an antiperiodic, but is a good substitute for that article. Bebeeru bark is rarely if ever used in me- dicine in this country, but may be employed similar to cinchona, and in larger doses. Pills of Sulphate of Bebeerina. R. Sulphate of bebeerina, two drachms. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and form twenty-four pills — one to three, thrice a day in intermittent levers. Christison. Solution of Sulphate of Bebeerina. R. Sulphate of bebeerina, half a drachm. Diluted sulphuric acid, twenty -five minims. Syrup, Tincture of orange-peel, each, one fl. ounce. Water, four 11. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful three times a day. Christison. BECCABUNGA. Brooklime. Two species of Veronica of similar proper- ties are included under this name, the V. beccabunga and V. anagallis; they are both semi-aquatic plants, indigenous to Europe and to this country. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Scroph- ulariacese. Griffith, Med. Bot. 517. These plants are employed usually in a fresh state, and considered to be antiscorbu- tic and alterative. They are usually given in infusion made with one or two handfuls of the herb to a pint of boiling water. They have also been employed in conserve, syrup, etc. "Water of Brooklime. R. Brooklime, Water, each, two parts. 170 BEL A. BELLADONNA Distil off one part. Dose, one to four ounces. Cotter eau. Decoction of Brooklime. B. Fresh brooklime, three ounces. Water, one pint. Boil for fifteen minutes and strain. Copland. Syrup of Brooklime. R. Clarified juice of brooklime, one part. Sugar, two parts. Dissolve, by means of a water-bath. Taddei. BELA. Bael. Bengal Quince. The fruit of jEgle Marmelos, a large tree of Coromandel and Malabar. Sex. Syst. Polyan. Monogyn. Nat. Syst. Aurantiacese. It is globular, of the size of an orange, with a hard, almost woody rind. It is usually met with in slices or fragments, con- sisting of the rind with some dried pulp and seeds adhering to it ; it. has a slight balsamic odor, and a bitterish astringent taste ; the pulp is mucilaginous. It is used as a tonic and astringent, mostly in the form of fluid extract. Fluid Extract of Bael. R. Bael fruit, sixteen ounces. Distilled water, twelve pints (imp.) Rectified spirit, two fl. ounces. Macerate the bael for twelve hours in one- third of the water ; pour off the clear liquor ; repeat the maceration a second and third time for one hour in the remaining water; press the marc, and filter the mixed liquids through flannel. Evaporate to fourteen fl. ounces, and when cold add the spirit. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Brit. Ph. BELLADONNA. Belladonna. Tliis is the Atropa belladonna, an herbace- ous plant, native of Europe, and cultivated in Home places in the United States. Sex. syst.. Pentad, monog. Nat. Syst. So- lanacesB. Linn. Sp. PI. 260. Griffith, Med. Bot.486. The root ;iik1 leaves are officinal, some pharmacopoeias allowing the young branches to !"• collected with the leaves. The entire plant is powerfully narcotic, owing to the presence of the alkaloid Atropia. (See page 156). It has been used in a variety of dis- eases as an anodyne, antispasmodic, and discutient. The dose of the powdered leaves is one to two grains, daily or twice a day, gradually increasing. But it is more usually given in the form of an extract. Powder of Belladonna. R. Powdered belladonna root, three grains. Powdered ipecacuanha^ two grains. Oxide of zinc, six grains. Sugar, one drachm. Rub together, and divide into six powders. One every two hours in epilepsy. Radius. R. Powdered belladonna root, two grains. Powdered ipecacuanha, one grain. Washed sulphur, thirty-two grains. Sugar of milk, two drachms. Rub well together, divide into twenty powders. One every three hours in hoop- ing-cough. Phoebus. R- Powdered belladonna, one grain. " nitrate of potassium, tw r enty-one grains. " sugar, nine grains. Make a powder, to be taken at bedtime. In chronic rheumatism, extensive ulcera- tions, mania, and epilepsy. A . T. Thomson. R. Powdered root of belladonna, u ipecacuanha, each, six grains. " liquorice root, " sugar, each, half a drachm. Precipitated sulphur, two scruples. Oil of anise, " amber, each, three minims. Mix, and make five to twenty powders. A. T. Thomson. R. Powdered leaves of belladonna, one to three grains. Musk, Camphor, each, five grains. Sugar, thirty grains. Triturate well together, and divide into eight powders. A. T. Thomson. Powder of Belladonna and Rhubarb. K. Powdered belladonna loaves, ten grains. Powdered rhubarb, two scruples. BELLADONNA 171 Mix. and divide into ten powders. One powder, two or three times a day, in ob- structions of the liver and spleen. Radius. Opiated Belladonna Leaves. R. Belladonna leaves, Water, each, two ounces. Extract of opium, one drachm. Dissolve the opium in the water, wash the leaves with the solution, and dry them by a gentle heat. Guibourt. Said to be very useful in phthisis, the patient to smoke a pinch every morning in a common pipe. one Fumigation of Belladonna. R. Powdered belladonna, drachm. Boiling infusion of sage, one quart. The steam to be inhaled. Said to be useful in hooping-cough and phthisis. Soubeiran. Extract of Belladonna. R. Belladonna leaves, one pound. Bruise in a stone mortar, with the addition of a little water ; express the juice, heat to boiling point, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. Paris Codex operates in same manner, but cools and strains concentrated juice previous to final inspissation. Brit. Ph. separates first the chlorophyll, afterwards the albumen, and when of a syrupy con- sistence, adds again the chlorophyll. Germ. Ph. separates chlorophyll and albumen by heat, concentrates the liquid, and removes mucilaginous constituents by alcohol. Dose, half to one grain night and morn- ing, to be gradually increased. Alcoholic Extract of Belladonna. R. Belladonna leaves, in fine powder, twenty-four troyounces. Alcohol, four pints. Water, two pints. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Moisten the leaves with a pint of the mixed alcohol and water, pack in a displacement apparatus, and add gradually the remainder of mixture. Continue percolation with di- luted alcohol until six pints of tincture have passed. Distil off alcohol, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. Dose, quarter to half a grain, to be grad- uallv increased. Compound Belladonna Pills. R. Extract of belladonna,} each, Blue pill, >- twelve Powdered ipecacuanha, ) grains. Mix and make twelve pills. One to be taken morning and evening, in cancerous affections. Ainslie. Pills of Belladonna and Camphor. R. Camphor, three drachms. Assafetida, three drachms. Extract of belladonna, one drachm. Extract of opium, fifteen grains. Syrup of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix, and make one hundred and twenty pills. Give one pill the first day, two the second, and so on till six are given daily, in hysteria. Debreyne. Solution of Extract of Belladonna. R. Extract of belladonna, three grains. Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce. Make a solution. Dose for a child under one year, two or three drops twice or thrice a day, and an additional drop for each ad- ditional year. Ellis. Said to have proved efficacious as a pre- ventive of scarlatina. Infusion of Belladonna. R. Belladonna leaves, four grains. Boiling water, two fl. ounces. Infuse. Take one-half as a dose. Paris. R. Belladonna leaves, half a drachm. Water, seven fl. ounces. Infuse, strain, and add Compound tincture of cardamom, one fl. ounce. Dose, a tablespoonful. Saunders. Syrup of Belladonna. R. Extract of belladonna, forty-eight grains. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. Dissolve and filter, then add Syrup, three pounds. Boil, and strain. Cottereau. Said to be useful in hooping-cough in doses of one to three drachms. Gillet's Syrup of Belladonna. R. Dried belladonna leaves, one ounce. 172 BELLADONNA Digitalis, Common nightshade, each, one drachm. Water, ten fl. ounces. Digest for two days, and filter, then add Syrup, two pounds. Cadet. Advised in hooping-cough, in the dose of a teaspoonful every hour or two. Tincture of Belladonna. R. Belladonna leaves, four troyounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by percolation two pints. U. S. Ph. Tincture of belladonna of Brit. Ph. is two-fifths the strength, and that of Paris Codex nearly one-fourth stronger than the above. R. Fresh belladonna leaves with the flowering branches, five parts. Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.892, six parts. Bruise the belladonna in a stone mortar ; macerate with the spirit for eight days, express, and filter. Ph. Germ. The dose is from fifteen to thirty drops. Ethereal Tincture of Belladonna. R. Belladonna leaves, dried, one part. Sulphuric ether, eight parts. Macerate for eight days, and filter. Guibourt. Fluid Extract of Belladonna Root. R. Belladonna root, powdered, No. 50, sixteen troyounces. Moisten with one-fourth of a mixture com- posed of twelve fl. ounces of alcohol, three of glycerin, and one of water, pack well into a percolator, add the remainder of the mixture, and macerate for four days. Dis- place with diluted alcohol twenty-four fl. ounces ; reserve the first fourteen fl. ounces, add to the remaining tincture one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate to two fl. ounces, and mix with the reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Belladonna Mixture. R. Extract of belladonna, eight to twelve grains. Wine of ipecacuanha, one fl. drachm. Syrup of seneka, half fl. ounce. *" tolu, three and a half fl. ounces. Mix. Advised in catarrh, in the dose of a teaspoonful, three or four times a day, using also gum-water acidulated with lemon-juice. Ellis. R. Extract of belladonna, fifteen grains. Fennel water, five fl. ounces. Alcohol, one fl. drachm. Dissolve. Dose, a drop for every year of the age of a child, not to exceed fifteen ; as a preventive of scarlatina. Maisier. Liniment of Belladonna. R. Powdered belladonna root, twenty ounces. Camphor, one ounce. Rectified spirit, sufficient. Macerate the powder with a portion of the spirit for three days ; then displace slowly into a receiver containing the camphor, until the product measures a pint (twenty fl. ounces). Brit. Ph. R. Extract of belladonna, two scruples. Sulphuric ether, one fl. drachm. Cherry-laurel water, two fl. ounces. Mix. As a friction to the abdomen in colica pictonum. Phoebus. Oleo-infusion of Belladonna. R. Bruised fresh belladonna leaves, one part. Olive oil, two parts. Heat by means of a slow fire, until the moisture has evaporated, express, and filter. As an addition to liniments. Paris Codex. Suppositories of Belladonna. R. Alcoholic extract of belladonna, six grains. Cacao butter, three hundred and fifty-four grains. Rub extract into a smooth paste with a little water, afterwards with sixty grains of cacao butter, mix thoroughly with remain- der of cacao butter previously melted and cooled to 95°, and make twelve supposi- tories. U. S. Ph. Clyster of Belladonna. R. Belladonna leaves, twelve to twenty grains. Fowdered jalap, one scruple. Boiling water, half a pint. Infuse, and strain. Pitschaft. Tli is has been recommended in strangu- lated hernia, to overcome spasm. BENZOINUM. 173 Plaster of Belladonna. B. Powdered belladonna root, sixteen troyounces. Alcohol, Resin plaster, each, sufficient. Exhaust the powder with the alcohol, dis- til and evaporate the tincture, and add to the extract sufficient resin plaster previ- ously melted, to make the weight of the mixture sixteen troyounces. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. exhausts three ounces of ex- tract with alcohol, evaporates, and mixes with same quantity of resin plaster. B. Purified elemi, two parts. Wax, one part. Alcoholic extract of belladonna, nine parts. Melt and mix. Paris Codex. B. Yellow wax, four parts. Common turpentine, Olive oil, each, one part. Melt together, and when nearly cold, add Powdered belladonna leaves, two parts. Mix. Ph. Germ. An efficacious application in neuralgic and rheumatic pains. Cerate of Belladonna. B. Extract of belladonna, one part. Galien's cerate, nine parts. Mix thoroughly. Paris Codex. Ointment of Belladonna. B. Extract of belladonna, one drachm. Water, thirty minims. Lard, seven drachms. Mix. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. directs eighty grains of extract to one ounce avoir, of lard ; Germ. Ph. one drachm of extract to nine drachms of wax ointment. BENZOINUM. Benzoin Is the solid balsam or balsamic resin of the Styrax Benzoin, a tree of some size, native of several of the East Indian Islands. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Styracacese. Dryander, Pb. Trans, lxxvii. 308. Griffith, Med. Bot. 439. There are several varieties of benzoin, but tbe best is in whitish tears, united by a red- dish- brown connecting medium. It has an aromatic, agreeable odor, and a somewhat acrid taste. It is stimulant and expecto- rant, and is much used in chronic catarrhs. Inhalation of the fumes has been recom- mended in hoarseness and aphonia. Benzoinated Lard or Ointment. B. Benzoin in coarse powder, one ounce. Lard, forty-four ounces. Heat them together in a water-bath for two hours, strain without pressure, and stir while cooling. Brit. Ph. B. Tincture of benzoin, two fluidounces. Lard, sixteen troyounces. Apply the heat of a water-bath, constantly stirring, until the alcohol has evaporated, then stir while cooling. U. S. Ph. •- Employed for ointments to prevent them from becoming rancid when long kept. Fumigating Powder. B. Powdered olibanum, two pounds. " benzoin, " storax, each, half a pound. " dried roses, " lavender flowers, each. six ounces. Mix. A small quantity to be thrown on hot coals, to raise a smoke ; to be inhaled in hooping-cough, etc. Dohrn. Fumigating Pastilles. B. Benzoin, ten parts. Charcoal, twenty-four parts. Nitrate of potassium, one part. Sassafras, two parts. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient to make pastilles, which are to be conical. Beral. R. Benzoin, sixteen parts. Sandal wood, four parts. Laudanum, one part. Balsam of tolu, four parts. Charcoal, forty-eight parts. Nitrate of potassium, two parts. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Make conical pastilles. Foy. Powder of Benzoin. B. Powdered benzoin, " sugar candy, equal parts. 174 BERBERIS Mix. Said to be useful "with camphor water in asthma and chronic catarrh. Pierquin. Oil of Benzoin. R. Benzoin, at will. Water, a small quantity. Distil on a sand-bath, and separate the oil that passes over. Advised as a friction in neuralgic and rheumatic pains. Swediaur. Cosmetic Wash of Benzoin. R. Tincture of benzoin, three fl. drachms. Liquid carbonate of potassium, two fl. drachms. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. As a lotion in acne. Augustin. Cosmetic Emulsion of Benzoin. R. Almond paste, two drachms. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. Make an emulsion, and add Tincture of benzoin, three fl. drachms. Schubarth. Milk of Roses. R. Tincture of benzoin, one fl. drachm. Rose water, one pint. Mix. Taddei. R. Tincture of benzoin, one fl. drachm. " tolu, twenty drops. Rose water, one pint. Mix. Giannini. Both these are used as cosmetic washes. Lotion for Burns. R. Benzoin, six drachms. Storax, four drachms. Balsam tolu, two drachms. Aloes, one drachm. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Make a tincture, to be used as a lotion for burns and scalds, before vesication has taken place. Tincture of Benzoin. R. Benzoin, six troyonnces. A lcohol, two pints. Macerate for seven days, and filler. U. S. Ph. I ied as a stomachic, carminative, etc., in of ten to twenty drops; externally, diluted, as ;i cosmetic. Compound Tincture of Benzoin. R. Benzoin, three troy ounces. Storax, . two troyounces. Balsam tolu, one troy ounce. Socotrine aloes, half a troyounce. Alcohol, two pints. Macerate for seven days, and filter. U. S. Ph. The formula of Brit. Ph. closely re- sembles the above. A stimulating expectorant, and also used as an application to indolent ulcers. Dose, twenty to sixty drops. Turlington's Balsam. R. Benzoin, twelve ounces. Liquid storax, four ounces. Balsam of Peru, two ounces. Myrrh, Aloes, each, one ounce. Balsam of tolu, Extract of liquorice, each, four ounces. Angelica root, half an ounce. Alcohol, eight pints. Digest for ten days, and strain. Used as a vulnerary. Phil. Coll. Ph. BERBERIS. Barberry. One species of this genus, B. vulgaris, has been employed in medicine. It is a native of Europe, but is naturalized in some parts of the United States. Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ber- beridacese. Torrey and Gray, Fl. i. 49. Griffith, Med. Bot. 112. The parts used are principally the benies, which are acidulous, and form a substitute for tamarinds, in the preparation of cooling drinks. The bark of the root is bitter and astringent, and is useful in the treatment of aphthous sore mouth, and was at one time much esteemed in the treatment of jaundice. A bitter, crystallizable alkaloid, called berberina, has been obtained from the root. This is tonic in doses of two or three grains. The same alkaloid is found in many other plants, and is now principally obtained from hydrastis. Lemonade of Barberries. R. Juice of berries, one part. Sweetened water, fifteen parts. Mix. As a refreshing drink in fevers. Btral. BISMUTHUM. — BISMUTHI SUBNITEAS 175 Infusion of Barberry. R. Barberry bark, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours. Used in jaundice. Dose, one fl. ounce. Copland. BISMUTHUM. Bismuth. The Brit. Ph. directs the metal to he puri- fied by fusing it with one-fifth of its weight of saltpetre. BISMUTHI ET AMMONII CITRAS. Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium. Solution of Ammonio-citrate of Bismuth. R. Powdered bismuth, four hundred and thirty grains. Nitric acid, two fl. ounces. Citric acid, two ounces. Solution of ammonia, Distilled water, each, sufficient. Mix the nitric acid with an ounce of the water, add the bismuth gradually, and when effervescence has ceased, heat for ten min- utes nearly to ebullition. Decant and evaporate the solution to two fl. ounces, add the citric acid previously dissolved in four ounces of the water, and afterwards solu- tion of ammonia in small quantities, until the precipitate formed is redissolved and the solution is neutral or slightly alkaline to test paper; then dilute with distilled water to the volume of one pint (twenty fl. ounces). One fl. drachm contains three grains of oxide of bismuth. Dose, half to one fl. drachm. Brit. Ph. BISMUTHI SUBCARBONAS. SUBCARBONATE OF BlSMUTH. R. Bismuth, in pieces, two troy- ounces. Dissolve in a mixture of four and a half troyounces of nitric acid and four fl. ounces of water, dilute the solution with ten fl. ounces of distilled water, and, after twenty- four hours, filter. Dilute the filtrate with four pints of distilled water, and add five fl. ounces of ammonia water diluted with an equal bulk of water. Collect the precipi- tate, wash, drain, and dissolve it in four troyounces of nitric acid. Add the clear liquid to a solution of ten troyounces of car- bonate of sodium in twelve fl. ounces of distilled water, drain, wash, and dry the precipitate. U. S. Ph. It is tasteless, and readily soluble in acids with effervescence. Used as a tonic in gas- tric and intestinal affections. Dose, ten to sixty grains daily in divided doses. Pills of Subcarbonate of Bismuth. R. Subcarbonate of bismuth, two scruples. Confection of roses, sufficient. Mix and make twenty pills. One after each meal, in dyspepsia and sick headache. Hammond. BISMUTHI SUBNITRAS. SUBNITRATE OF BlSMUTH. R. Bismuth, in pieces, two troyounces. Nitric acid, Carbonate of sodium, each, ten troyounces. Water of ammonia, six fl. ounces. Distilled water, sufficient. Proceed by the process for subcarbonate of bismuth, omitting the firs"t precipitation by water and ammonia. Dissolve the washed carbonate in five and a half troyounces of nitric acid, add four fl. ounces of water, and after twenty-four hours, filter. Dilute the filtrate with four pints of distilled water, slowly add the water of ammonia with con- stant stirring ; collect, wash, and dry the precipitate. U. S. Ph. Used as a tonic and antispasmodic, espe- cially in certain painful affections of the stomach. Dose, five grains, twice or thrice a day, gradually increasing the quantity. Compound Bismuth Powder. R. Subnitrate of bismuth, twelve grains. Powdered ipecacuanha, two grains. Carbonate of magnesium, two drachms. Mix, and form twelve powders. One, two or three times a day, in gastrodynia. Clarus. R. Subnitrate of bismuth, eight grains. Opium, one grain. Sugar, two drachms. Mix, and form four powders. Ammon. Much praised by the author in cholera ; one powder to be taken every two hours. 176 BISMUTHI VALERIANAS, Powders of Subnitrate of Bismuth. R. Subnitrate of bismuth, three to six grains. Sugar, ten grains. Make six powders. Place one powder on the tongue of a child (one year old), three or four times daily. Used in the diarrhoea of children. Trousseau. Pills of Subnitrate of Bismuth. R. Subnitrate of bismuth, one drm. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix," and make thirty pills. One to be given every two hours, in dyspepsia. Ellis. Troches of Subnitrate of Bismuth. R. Subnitrate of bismuth, one part. Sugar, nine parts. Mix. form a mass with mucilage of traga- canth, and divide into troches of fifteen grains each. Paris Codex. Compound Troches of Subnitrate of Bismuth. R. Subnitrate of bismuth, fourteen hundred and forty grs. Carbonate of magnesium, four ounces avoir. Precipitated carbonate of calcium, six ounces avoir. Refined sugar, twenty-nine ounces avoir. Gum Arabic, in powder, one ounce avoir. Mucilage of gum Arabic, two fl. ounces. sufficient. Mix the dry ingredients, add the mucilage, form a mass with rose water, and divide into seven hundred and twenty lozenges. Dose, one to six. These are the bismuth lozenges of the Brit. Ph. Rose water. Lotion of Subnitrate of Bismuth. R. Subnitrate of bismuth, twenty grains. Glycerin, one fl. ounce. Rose water, six fl. ounces. Mix. In erythematous conditions of the tongue. ■ Symonds. Glycerite of Bismuth. U. Subnitrate of bismuth, Glycerin, each, equal parts Mix. Applied to the inflamed surface in chronic granular conjunctivitis and in ble- pharitis. Follin. R. Subnitrate of bismuth, one drachm. Glycerin, three drachms. Mix. Applied to fissures of the anus and to chapped nipples, etc. Trousseau. Subnitrate of Bismuth Ointment. R. Subnitrate of bismuth, one part. Lard, three parts. Rub well together. Said to be useful in psora, and other cutaneous eruptions. Ker Ointment of Tannin and Bismuth. R. Yellow wax, strained, one tro3'Ounce. Linseed oil, three troyounces. Melt together, stir, and add Tannic acid, one drachm. Subnitrate of bismuth, twenty grains. Mix thoroughly. Recommended as an ap- plication to burns. Binkerd. BISMUTHI TAN ^ T AS. Tannate of Bismuth. R. Crystallized nitrate of bismuth, eleven drachms. Dissolve in water with the aid of a little nitric acid, and pour the solution gradually into an excess of caustic soda solution, wash the precipitate well, and triturate it with Tannic acid, five drachms. "Wash the product upon a strainer with wa- ter and dry it with a gentle heat. Dorvault. A yellowish insoluble and tasteless pow- der ; given in diarrhoea in doses of ten to thirty grains ; it is readily suspended in mucilage or syrup. BISMUTHI VALERIANAS. Valerianate of Bismuth. R. Subnitrate of bismuth, thirty-two parts. Form a thin pulp with sufficient distilled water, and add solution of Carbonate of sodium, twelve parts. Distilled water, thirty parts. Valerianic acid, nine parts. BISTOETA.— 'BKATEEA ANTHELMINTIC A. 177 Agitate the mixture at a moderate heat, for an hour, cool, collect the precipitate upon a filter, wash with cold water, arid dry. Ph. Germ. A white insoluble powder, having the odor of valerianic acid. Dose, one to five grains. BISTORTA. Bistort. This is the root of the Polygonum Bistorta, a native of Europe, and also found in the northern parts of this country, growing in wet situations. (Sfex. Syst. Octand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Poly- gonacere. Linn. Sp. PI. 516. Lindley, Fl. Med. 361. The part employed is the root ; this is bitter and austere, especially in a fresh state. It is a powerful astringent, but is seldom used in this country. The dose of the pow- der is twenty or thirty grains, three or four times a day. Infusion of Bistort. R. Bistort, one ounce. Boiling water, two pints. Infuse for two hours, and strain. Recom- mended in passive hemorrhages. Radius. Astringent Clyster. R. Bistort, one ounce. Poppy heads, two drachms. Water, one pint. Infuse, and strain. As an injection, in diarrhoea and chronic dysentery. Guibourt. Extract of Bistort. R. Powdered bistort, one pound. Water, sufficient. Exhaust by the process of displacement, and evaporate the filtered fluid. Pharm. Rosp. Mil. R Mixture of Bistort. Powdered bistort, two drachms. Syrup of quince, one ounce. Rub together, and add Tincture of catechu, two fl. drachms. Water, four fl. ounces. A spoonful every hour, shaking the bottle each time, in passive hemorrhages, and atonic mucous discharges. Foy. BOLETUS LARICIS. White Agaric. A parasitic fungus growing on the trunk of the larch, in many parts of Europe. It is destitute of smell, but the taste, at first vapid and farinaceous, becomes bitter, acrid, and nauseous. -Formerly much used as a purgative, in doses of half a drachm to a drachm. It has lately been thought to be very efficacious in arresting the colliquative sweats in phthisis. Powder of Agaric. R. Powdered agaric, twelve grains. White sugar, two drachms. Mix well, and divide into six powders. One to be given at night, against colliquative sweats. Radius. Powder of Agaric and Opium. R. Powdered agaric, eighteen grains. " opium, three grains. u gum Arabic, two drachms. Mix, and divide into nine powders. One to be given at night, against colliquative sweats. Radius. Pills of Agaric and Opium. R. Powdered agaric, fifteen grains. Extract of opium, two grains and a half. Mix, and form six pills. One or two at bedtime, in same cases as above noticed. Rayer. BBAYERA ANTHELMINTICA. Cusso. Kousso. Kousso is the flowering tops, intermixed with some unripe fruit, of the Brayera An- thelmintica, an Abyssinian tree about twenty feet high. Sex. Syst. Icosand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Ro- sacese. Grifiith, Med. Bot. 272. The flowers are small, pale-greenish, or brownish-red, on hairy pedicels ; taste fee- bly acrid, and unpleasant ; the odor evolved by boiling is very fragrant. They are ex- clusively used for expelling the tapeworm. Dose, two to four drachms in the form of powder or infusion. Infusion of Kousso. R. Flowers of kousso, half an ounce. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. Macerate for fifteen minutes, without strain- ing. Brit. Ph. 178 BE O MINIUM. — BRUCIA, A little lemon-juice to be swallowed, and the infusion being stirred up, the whole is taken, liquid and powder, at two or three draughts, at short intervals, being washed down with cold water and lemon-juice. To promote the operation, tea may be taken. In three or four hours, if the remedy has not operated, a dose of castor oil, or a saline purgative, should be administered. Jon. Pereira. BROMINIUM. Bromine. This elementary substance has much an- alogy to iodine in its chemical characters, and resembles it somewhat in its action on the system. It is a dark red, volatile liquid, having a very caustic taste and a disagree- able odor, and being sparingly soluble in water. It has been employed in broncho- cele, scrofula, chronic cutaneous diseases, and hypertrophy of the heart. Solution of Bromine. R. Bromine, one part. Distilled water, forty parts. Mix. Dose, six drops several times a day, gradually increasing the dose. Pourch6. Alcoholic Solution of Bromine. R. Bromine, ten drops. Alcohol, one ounce. Mix. As an external application. The strength to be increased five drops to the ounce, daily. Fournet. Lotion of Bromine. R. Bromine, twenty to thirty drops. Water, one pint. Mix. For scrofulous ulcers.- Glover. H. Bromine, eight drachms. Bromide of potas- sium, three drachms. W ater, sufficient to make four fl. ounces. Dissolve. Asa local application in hospital gangrene, erysipelas, and sloughing sons. Goldsmith. Bromine Ointment. R. Bromine, ten grains. Bromide of potas- sium, twenty grains. Lard, Mix. one ounce. Magendie. BRUCIA. Brucine. R. Powdered false Angustura bark, at will. Treat it three times with water, acidulated with muriatic acid, mix the liquids, evapo- rate, add milk of lime, wash the precipitate, dry, and treat it with alcohol ; evaporate this, and combine the residue with sulphuric acid, dissolve the salt in water, treat with animal charcoal, crystallize, redissolve in water, and precipitate by means of am- monia. Cottereau. A highly poisonous alkaloid, obtained from the bark of the strychnos mix vomica, or false Angustura bark. It is white, very bitter, and readily soluble in alcohol, but with difficulty in water. Acts on the sys- tem like strychnia, but with less energy, and has been given in same class of dis- eases. Dose, one-quarter to half a grain. Pills of Brucia. R. Brucia, twelve grains. Conserve of roses, half a drachm. Mix, and divide into twenty-four pills. One to be given morning and evening, gradu- ally increasing the dose. Foy. Solution of Brucia. R. Brucia, six grains. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Sugar, two drachms. Mix. A tablespoonful, morning and even- ing. Magendie. Tincture of Brucia. R. Brucia, eighteen grains. Alcohol (0.847), one fl. ounce. Dissolve. Six to twenty-four drops in some demulcent drink. Soubeiran. BRUCIA ACETAS, MURIAS, ET SULPHAS. Acetate, Muriate, and Sulphate op Brucia. These are all made by the same process, using for each the appropriate acids. R. Brucia, at will. Acetic acid, sufficient. Put the brucia in a porcelain capsule on a water-bath ; pour a small quantity of water on it, and then add the acid very gradually, constantly stirring till perfect saturation takes place ; filter, evaporate to one-half, and then crystallize. Cottereau. Used for the same purposes as the pure alkaloid, and in like doses. BEY ONI A. — BUOHIT 179 BRYONIA. Bryony. The roots of two species of bryony are used in medicine, the B. alba, and B. dioica, the first in England, the latter in other parts of Europe ; but are identical in their sensible properties and action on the sys- tem. Sex. Syst. Moncec. syngen. Nat. Syst. Cu- c* 11 t* V)i t"n.' c* P3P Linn. Sp. PI. 621. Griffith, Med. Bot. 311. The part used is the root ; this is acrid and purgative, causing copious, watery stools, in doses of ten grains to two scruples. It has also some reputation as a cataplasm. Cataplasm of Bryony. R. Juice of bryony root, Crumb of bread, each, sufficient to form a cataplasm. Used as an applica- tion to engorged glands of the neck. Barthez. Compound Cataplasm of Bryony. R. Rasped bryony root, three ounces. Elder flowers, one ounce. Ammoniac, half an ounce. Chloride of ammonium, two drms. Conium leaves, two ounces. Yinegar, sufficient. Mix, and heat. An application to scrofu- lous tumors. Plenck. Wine of Bryony. R. Bryony root, one ounce. White wine, one pint. Boil gently, and filter. To be taken in wineglassfuls, in dropsies. Huf eland. BUCHXJ. Buchu. Buchu consists of the leaves of several species of Diosma, or more properly Baros- ma, especially of B. betulina, crenata, crenul- ata, and serratifolia. They are small shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Rutacea^. Linn. Sp. PI. (Diosma) 287. Griffith, Med. Bot. 191. These leaves have a strong, somewhat aromatic odor, and a bitterish, aromatic taste. They are gently stimulant and diu- retic, and are much used in diseases of the urinary organs, and also in some other com- plaints. The dose, in substance, is from twenty to thirty grains. Infusion of Buchu. R. Buchu leaves, one troyounce. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. The infusion of Brit. Ph. is made from one ounce of leaves with twenty ounces of boiling water. The dose is from one to two fluidounces. Compound Infusion of Buchu. R. Buchu leaves, Uva ursi, each, half an ounce. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. Digest for half an hour, strain, and add Syrup of seneka, half a fl. ounce. One or two spoonfuls every two hours, in atony of the bladder, and mucous discharges. Radius. Tincture of Buchu. R. Buchu leaves, five ounces. Proof spirit, two pints (imp.). Macerate and displace. Brit. Ph. Dose, from one to four fl. drachms. Extract of Buchu. R. Buchu, in coarse powder, one pound. Ether, four fl. ounces. Alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. Displace without maceration, add diluted alcohol until a pint of ethero-alcoholic tincture is obtained ; suffer this to evapo- rate spotaneously ; treat the residue in the displacer, with diluted alcohol, till two pints are obtained ; evaporate to a syrup ; add the product of the first tincture, and with a gentle heat concentrate to the proper consistence. W. Procter. Fluid Extract of Buchu. R. Buchu, in powder, No. 50, sixteen troy ounces. Alcohol, sixteen fl. ounces. Moisten the powder with six fl. ounces of the alcohol, pack firmly in a percolator, add the remaining ten fl. ounces, and macerate for four days ; then, with alcohol, displace twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, evaporate the remaining tincture to two fl. ounces, and mix with the reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Dose, twenty to thirty minims. 180 BUXUS. — CACAO BUXUS. Box. The box is a shrub or small tree, native of the south of Europe, but now generally- cultivated in this country. Sex. Syst. Moncec. triand. Nat. Syst. Eu- phorbiaceae. The parts used are the wood and leaves. The first is sudorific and possesses somewhat the properties of guaiacum ; the latter are purgative, but neither are now used. The following preparation, however, has ob- tained some celebrity in the cure of gonor- rhoea and in epilepsy. Oil of Box. R. Rasped box-wood, sufficient. Distil, separate the oil, and rectify it. Dose, four to five drops, three times a day. Wirtemberg Ph. c. CACAO. Cacao. Chocolate Nuts. These are the seeds of Theobroma Cacao, a small tree, indigenous to South America. They are also produced from some other sources. Sex. Syst. Polyadelph. pentand. Nat. Syst. Byttneriacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 1100. Lindley, Flor. Med. 138. The nuts are of an almond shape, and con- sist of a brownish, sweetish, somewhat ole- aginous substance, covered by a leathery- like shell. They are principally used as an article of food, but are also employed in medicine. Compound Cacao Powders. Palamoud. R. Roasted cacao, half a pound. Rice flour, Potato starch, each, two pounds. Red saunders, powdered, one ounce. Mix. A drachm to an ounce, boiled in water, as a restorative diet. Soubeiran. Racahout des Arabes. R. Roasted cacao, two ounces Potato starch, Powdered salep, Sugar, Vanilla, Mix. Two or three spoonfuls boiled with eight fl. ounces of water, form a nutritious diet for the convalescent. Foy. five ounces. one ounce. eight ounces. sufficient. Wakaka des Indes. R. Roasted cacao, two ounces. Sugar, five ounces and a half. Powdered cinnamon, two drachms. " vanilla, thirty-six grs. Anibergris, three grains. Musk, one grain and a half. Mix. Half a drachm, boiled with milk or water. More stimulating than the last. Guibourt. R Simple Chocolate. Caracas cacao, Para cacao, each, three hundred parts. Powdered sugar, five hundred parts. " cinnamon, three parts. Remove the shells and clean the cacao care- fully ; pound the seeds in a hot mortar until reduced to a paste, and gradually mix the sugar and cinnamon with it. Pour the mass upon a hot slab, and work it with a roller or mallet into a uniform paste, which is transferred into moulds and cooled. Paris Codex. Compound Cacao Paste Chocolate. Vanilla Chocolate. R. Cacao paste, six pounds. Sugar, ten pounds. Vanilla, eleven drachms. Triturate thoroughly together, and form cakes. Cottereau. R Aromatic Chocolate. Cacao, Sugar, each, sixteen ounces. Powdered cinnamon, half an ounce. Cloves, two drachms. Cardamom, Vanilla, each, one drachm. Triturate together, and form cakes. Weiglebt. CADMIUM. CADMII SULPHAS, 181 Salep Chocolate. R. Simple chocolate, one hundred parts. Powdered salep, three parts. Triturate together, with the aid of heat, and form into cakes. Paris Codex. "White Chocolate. R. Sugar, six pounds. Rice flour, one pound, twelve ounces. Potato starch, eight ounces. Gum Arabic, four ounces. Tincture of vanilla, half fl. ounce. Butter of cacao, eight ounces. Boiling water, sufficient. Triturate well, into a stiff paste. Cottereau. These afford a good article of diet, for convalescents and debilitated persons, when boiled with water or milk. The last is the least stimulating. Chocolate Cream. R. Boiling milk, sixteen parts. Sugar, Yolk of egg, each, Ground cacao, Mix, and boil srently. two parts, one part. Beral. Butter or Oil of Cacao. R. Cacao, roasted, at will. Reduce to a paste in a warm iron mortar, triturate on a stone slab, add a fifth part boiliDg water, place in a bag, and express between two heated metal plates ; melt the product, and, on cooling, separate the water. Used for making suppositories. Guibourt. Butter of Cacao Mixture. R. Butter of cacao, three ounces. Oil of almonds, one ounce and six drachms. Syrup of red poppies, one ounce. Orange-flower water, four drachms. Mix. As a soothing demulcent in catarrh. In spoonful doses. ' Cadet. Butter of Cacao Ointment. R. Butter of cacao. Oil of almonds, Melt oyer a water-bath. equal parts. Guibourt. CADMIUM. Cadmium. A soft, crystallizable, ductile, volatilizable metal, not used in medicine in its metallic state, but affording the following remedial salts. In its general effects, cadmium resembles the corresponding zinc salts, but is regarded to be about ten times more powerful. CADMII IODIDUM. Iodide of Cadmium. It is formed by the direct combination of iodine with, the metal in the presence of water, and forms crystalline scales, having a pearly white lustre. It is used externally in place of iodide of lead, the yellow color of which is sometimes objectionable. Ointment of Iodide of Cadmium. R. Iodide of cadmium, sixty-two grains. Simple ointment, one ounce. Mix thoroughly. Brit. Ph. CADMII SULPHAS. Sulphate of Cadmium. R. Cadmium, eight drachms. Nitric acid, Distilled water, each, sixteen drachms. Dissolve with the aid of heat, filter, and precipitate with an aqueous solution of Carbonate of sodium, twenty-four drachms. "Wash the precipitate, and dissolve in Sulphuric acid, seven drachms. Water, thirty drachms. Evaporate to one-third and crystallize. U. S. Ph. Used in solution and ointment, as an ap- plication in chronic ophthalmia. Solution of Sulphate of Cadmium. R. Sulphate of cadmium, two grains. Laudanum, twenty drops. Rose water, four fl. ounces. Mix. As a wash in chronic ophthalmia. Guibourt. R. Sulphate of cadmium, eight grains. Water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. Used as a wash in otorrhcea. LincTce. 182 CAHISTCA. — CALAMUS Ointment of Sulphate of Cadium. J Melt the wax and lard, and as they thicken, R. Sulphate of cadmium, one or sti ^ m the calamine +w^ n-vQina Tnis cerate is much used for excoriations, T , it, ulcerations, etc. Lard, one drachm. Mix. As an application in spots on the cornea. Radius. CAHINCA. Cahinca. This is the root of Chiococca anguifuga, a shrub growing in Brazil. Its effects are those of a diuretic, and it has chiefly been employed in dropsical diseases. Dose, twenty to forty grains. Extract of Cahinca. R. Powdered cahinca, one part. Diluted alcohol, seven parts. Macerate twelve hours, then introduce into a displacer, exhaust, and evaporate to con- sistence of an extract. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Decoction of Cahinca. R. Bruised cahinca, two drachms. Water, one pint and a half. Boil to one-half, and strain. Dose, a tablespoonful. Von Langsdorff. CALAMINA. Calamine. This is a native impure carbonate of zinc, found in large quantities in England and Germany. The pure carbonate will be de- scribed under the head of Zinc; it is now almost exclusively employed in place of calamine. Prepared Calamine. R. Calamine, at will. Heat to redness and pulverize; then reduce to a very fine powder, as directed for pre- pared chalk. U. 8. Ph. 1850. Used externally, as a mild astringent and absorbent, to excoriations and ulcera- tions, and also as an ingredient of cerates, etc. Calamine Cerate. (Turner's Cerate.) R. Prepared calamine, Yellow wax, each, three ounces. Lard, one pound. CALAMUS. Calamus. This is the rhizome of Acorus Calamus, an indigenous plant found in most parts of the United States, in wet situations. It also grows in Europe and Asia. Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ototi 1"i s\ ppip Linn. Sp.Pl. 462. Griffith, Med. Bot. 620. The part employed is the root ; this has a fragrant odor, and a warm, bitterish, aro- matic taste. It is a stimulant tonic, and aromatic. The dose, in substance, is from a scruple to a drachm. Electuary of Calamus. R. Powdered calamus, two drachms and a half. Powdered valerian, one drachm and a half. Syrup of orange peel, two ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours. Shubarth. Infusion of Calamus. R. Calamus, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for a quarter of an hour, and strain. Dose, a wineglassful or more. Compound Infusion of Calamus. R. Calamus, ten drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse and strain, then add Peppermint water, two fl. ounces. Muriatic ether, one drachm and a half. Syrup, one ounce. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful, in disordered digestion. Augustin. Tincture of Calamus. R. Calamus, bruised, one part. Alcohol (0.892) five parts. Macerate for eight days,, and filter. Ph. Germ. CALCIUM. OALCII CAEBONAS. 183 Compound Tincture of Calamus. R. Contused calamus, ^ " ginger, ! each, " coriander, ( one ounce. Black pepper, J Alcohol, two pints and a half. Macerate for four days, and filter. Dose, forty to fifty drops as a stomachic and car- minative. Niemann. R. Contused calamus, M gentian, each, three ounces. (£ geum, two ounces and a half. ({ angelica, one ounce and a half. t( ginger, half an ounce. U fennel, two ounces. Alcohol, twelve pints. Macerate for six days, and filter. A tea- spoonful in wine. Tromsdorff. Fluid Extract of Calamus. R. Powdered calamus, sixteen troyounces. Stronger alcohol, sufficient. Pack the powder, moistened with four fl. ounces of the alcohol, in a percolator, add twelve fl. ounces of alcohol, and macerate for four days ; then displace twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, evapo- rate the remainder to two fl. ounces and mix with reserved portion. Extract of Calamus. Exhaust calamus with diluted alcohol and evaporate to the proper consistence. Ph. Germ. Dose, five to ten grains. CALCIUM. Calcium. CALCII BROMIDUM. Bromide of Calcium. It is prepared by neutralizing hydrobromic acid with pure carbonate of calcium, filter- ing, and evaporating. Recommended in in- somnia, delirium tremens, and other ner- vous disorders. Dose, ten to thirty grains, in solution. R Mixture of Bromide and Lactophos- phate of Calcium. Bromide of calcium, one troyounce. Syrup of lactophosphate of calcium, four fl. ounces. Dissolve. Dose, a teaspoonful three times a day, in a little water. W. A. Hammond. CALCII CARBONAS Carbonate op Calcium. Precipitated Carbonate of Calcium. R. Solution of chloride of calcium, five pints and a half. Carbonate of sodium, seventy-two troyounces dissolved in six pints of distilled water. Mix while hot. Wash the precipitate three times, and dry. U. S. Ph. at will. Prepared Chalk. R. Chalk, Add a little water, and rub to fine powder. Throw into a vessel of water, and stir ; pour off liquid while yet turbid, into an- other vessel, and permit chalk to subside ; pour off water, and dry the precipitate. Prepared Oyster Shell. R. Oyster shell, at will. Free it from extraneous matter, wash with boiling water, reduce to powder, and pro- ceed as with chalk. U. S. Ph. As an antacid in bowel affections. In doses of from ten to forty or more grains, often repeated. Aromatic Powder of Chalk. R. Prepared chalk, eleven ounces. Powdered sugar, cardamom, cloves, twenty-five ounces. one ounce. one ounce and a half. " nutmeg, " saffron, each, three ounces. " cinnamon, four ounces, Mix well- and pass through a fine sieve. Brit. Ph. Stimulant, astringent, and antacid ; use- ful in diarrhoea, with acidity, but without inflammation. Dose, ten to sixty grains. 184 CALCII CHLOEIDUM, Compound Powder of Chalk with Opium. R. Aromatic powder of chalk, nine ounces and three-quarters. Powdered opium, a quarter ounce. Mix well. Brit. Ph. In diarrhoea of adults, in doses of ten to forty grains, after each evacuation. Dentifrice Powder with Carbonate of Calcium. R . Powdered cuttlefish bone, } ■, Peruvian bark, t ^ " myrrh, ) F Mix. Pierquin. R. Prepared chalk, } each, C arbonate of magnesium , v 100 Powdered cinchona, ) parts. Essence of mint, one part. Mix. Paris Codex. Lozenges of Chalk. R. Prepared chalk, four troy ounces. Gum Arabic, powdered, one troyounce. Nutmeg, powdered, one drachm. Sugar, u six troy ounces. Rub together till mixed ; mix with sufficient water to form mass ; divide into four hun- dred and eighty lozenges. U. S. Ph. As a mild antacid astringent, in diarrhoea. Dentifrice Electuary. R. Powdered red coral, four ounces. " cuttlefish bone, cinnamon, cochineal, " alum, Oil of cloves, Honey, Mix. one ounce. one ounce. half an ounce. half a drachm. six drops. ten ounces. Taddei. Chalk Mixture. R. Prepared chalk, half an ounce. Glycerin, half a fl. ounce. Powdered gum Arabic, two drachms. Cinnamon water, Water, each, four fl. ounces. Rub them together until thoroughly mixed. U.S. Ph. A tablespoonful, as may be required. R. Prepared chalk, one drachm and a half. White sugar, Gum Arabic, each, Oil of cinnamon, Tincture of opium, one drachm. two drops. forty to fifty . drops. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful, every two hours, in diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. Compound Chalk Mixture. R. Chalk mixture, five fl. ounces. Aromatic confection, one drachm. Solution carbonate ammonium, one fl. drachm. Laudanum, twenty minims. Mix. A tablespoonful, occasionally, in diarrhoea. Ainslie. CALCII CHLORIDUM. Chloride op Calcium. R. Chalk, five ounces. Muriatic acid, Water, each, ten fl. ounces. Mix the acid and water, and gradually add the chalk. When all action ceases, filter, and evaporate to dryness. Fuse, and pour out on a stone slab ; when cool, break in fragments, and preserve in well-stopped bottles. Lond. Ph. 1836. Cataplasm of Chloride of Calcium. R. Chloride of calcium, " soda, each, half an ounce. Water, half a pint. Linseed meal, sufficient. Make a cataplasm. In scrofulous and white swellings. Swediaur. Solution of Chloride of Calcium. R. Marble, in small pieces, six tro3 r ounces. Muriatic acid, twelve troyounces. Distilled water, half a pint. Mix the liquids, add the marble gradually, apply a gentle heat, decant, and evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in one and a half times its weight of distilled water, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dofee, thirty drops two or three times a day, gradually increased ; to be given in milk, or some demulcent Used in scrofula, goitre, tabes mesenterica, etc. CALCII HTPOPHOSPHIS. — CALCII OXIDUM. 185 Mixture of Chloride of Calcium. R. Chloride of calcium, one drachm. Extract of henbane, ten grains. Syrup of liquorice, one ounce. Water, six ounces. Mix. fula. R. Chloride of calcium, one drachm. Almond mixture, seven fl. ounces. Syrup of gum Arabic, one fl. ounce. A spoonful four times a day in scro- Phoebus. Mix. A teaspoonful every three hours. Graft. Pills of Chloride of Calcium. R. Chloride of calcium, one drachm. Extract of opium, nine grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix. and make fifty-four pills. One every two or three hours, iu gonorrhoea, gradu- ally increasing the dose, until eight, ten, or twelve are taken every hour. Grdfe. CALCII HTPOPHOSPHIS. Hypophosphite op Calcium. It is prepared by boiling one part of phos- phorus and four parts of burned lime in about fifty parts of water until combination has been effected, then filtering from the excess of lime, evaporating and purifying by recrystallization. Thehypophosphites of potassium, sodium, and ammonium are obtained by decom- posing the solution of the former with a so- lution of the alkaline carbonate. Hypophosphite of iron is obtained from any of the alkaline hypophosphites by pre- cipitating with solution of tersulphate of iron. Hypophosphorous acid is made by accu- rately precipitating hypophosphite of cal- cium with oxalic acid. These preparations are used as nervine tonics in phthisis, nervous debility, etc., in doses of two to fifteen grains. R Syrup of Hypophosphites. Hypophosphite of calcium, two hundred and fifty-six grs. Hypophosphite of sodium, one hundred and ninetj^-two grs. Hypophosphite of potassium, one hundred and twenty-eight grains. Hypophosphite of iron, ninety-six grains. Hypophosphorous acid, sufficient. Sugar, twelve troyounces. Fluid extract of vanilla, half an ounce. Water, sufficient. Dissolve the iron salt in hypophosphorous acid, the other salts in six fl. ounces of water, mix and add water to make nine fl. ounces ; in this dissolve the sugar and add the vanilla. Each fl. drachm contains about five grains of the hypophosphites. Procter. R Solution of Hypophosphites. Hypophosphite of calcium, Hypophosphite of potassium, each, four grains. Hypophosphite of sodium, six grains. Glycerin, two fl. drachms. Water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. Dose, forty drops thrice daily in water, in remittent fevers of childhood. Purdon. CALCII IODIDUM. Iodide of Calcium. R. Iodide of iron, at will. Precipitate with an excess of slaked lime, evaporate to dryness, dissolve in distilled water, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Magendie. Pills of Iodide of Calcium. R. Iodide of calcium, ten grains. Extract of savine, twelve grains. Mix, and divide into four pills. One every four hours. In amenorrhoea, with scrofula. Brer a. R. Iodide of calcium, ten grains. Extract of aconite, six grains. Mix, and divide into six pills. One every four hours. In chronic bronchitis and tu- bercular phthisis. Brera. CALCII OXIDUM. Calx. Lime. R. Chalk, one pound. Break into small pieces, and calcine in a strong fire for an hour. Lond. Ph. 1836. Lime Water. R. Lime, four troyounces Distilled water, one gallon. 186 CALCII OXIDUM. Slake the lime with a little of tbe water, add the remainder, stir well, and let stand for three hours. Keep in well-stopped bot- tles. U. S. Ph. Compound Lime Water. R. Rasped guaiacuin wood, half a pound. Contused liquorice root, one ounce. Contused sassafras bark, half an ounce. Contused coriander seeds, three drachms. Lime water (wine meas.), six pints. Macerate for two days in a closed vessel, and filter. Dub. Ph. 1826. Saccharated Solution of Lime. R. Slaked lime, one ounce. Refined sugar, two ounces. Distilled water, twenty ounces. Triturate lime and sugar together, transfer to a bottle containing the water, shake oc- casionally for a few hours, then separate the clear solution with a siphon. Its sp. gr. is 1.052. Dose, fifteen to sixty minims. Brit. Ph. Lime Water and Carbonate of Potassium. R. Carbonate of potassium, two drachms. Lime water, two pints. Dissolve. As an antilithic a wineglassful every two hours, in same quantity of new milk. Ellis. Lime Water and Milk. R. Lime water, New milk, equal parts. Mix. As an antacid, and to remove sick- ness of the stomach. Dose, one to two ta- blespoon fuls. Ellis. Antacid Mixture. R. Lime water, four fl. ounces. Solution of potass:i, Syrup of orange-peel, each, one fl. ounce. Mix. Dose, a spoonful in a cup of water. Found useful in dyspepsia and heartburn. Cuulcy. Liniment of Lime. R. Linseed oil, three fl. ounces. Lime water, six fl. ounces. Make a liniment. As an application to burns and scalds. Ellis. R. Lime water, Linseed oil, equal measures. Mix. Used like the preceding, under the name of Carron oil. U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. Liniment of Lime Water and Alcohol. R. Alcohol, two fl. ounces. Lime water, half a pint. Mix. In same cases as the last. Ellis. Liniment of Lime Water and Opium. R. Lime water,") Linseed oil, v equal parts. Laudanum, ) Mix. In the same cases, and as an embro- cation to allay pain. Augustin. Liniment for Sore Breasts. R. Lime water, Almond oil, each, three drachms. Extract of opium, one grain. Mix. The breasts are to be covered with lint dipped in this mixture. Niemann. Liniment of Lime and Sulphur. R. Lime, Sulphur, each, two ounces. Olive oil, sufficient. Mix. As a friction in scabies. Giannini. Lime Ointment. R. Lime, one ounce. Linseed oil, three ounces. Mucilage of quince seeds, two ounces. Mix well. In burns and scalds. Radius. R. Slaked lime, one drachm. Carbonate of sodium, two drachms. Extract of opium, ten grains. Lard, two ounces. Rub well together. In obstinate cutaneous affections. Biett. R. Slaked lime, Laudanum, each, half a drachm. Cucumber ointment, four drachms. Hub well together. As an application to hemorrhoidal tumors. Guibourt. CALCII PHOSPHAS. — CALCII SULPHUEETUM. 187 R Lime, Sulphur, each, Chloride of sodium, Lard, Olive oil, two ounces. one ounce. one pound. two pounds. Mix well. As a friction in itch. Ferrara Ph. CALCII PHOSPHAS. Phosphate op Calcium. R. Bone, calcined to whiteness, in powder, four troyounces. Muriatic acid, eight troj^ounces. Water, sufficient. Dissolve the bone in the acid and a pint of water, dilute with another pint of water, precipitate with excess of ammonia, add to the magma twice its bulk of boiling w r ater, collect upon a strainer, wash well, and dry at a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to thirty grains. R. Marble, twenty parts. Muriatic acid, Distilled water, each, fifty parts. Digest for several hours, decant and add Chlorinated lime, one part previously diffused in water. Digest for several hours, add water of ammonia until in slight excess, filter and precipitate by a solution of Phosphate of sodium, fifty parts, In Distilled water, three hundred parts. Collect, wash, and dry the precipitate. Ph. Germ. Burnt Hartshorn. R. Burn pieces of hartshorn in an open vessel till quite white, and pre- pare them as directed for chalk. Lond. Ph. 1836. Has been thought efficacious in mollifies ossium and rachitis, but probably inert. Dose, twenty grains, or more. Syrup of Phosphate of Calcium. R. Phosphate of calcium, one hundred and twenty-eight grains. Glacial phosphoric acid, half an ounce. Sugar, seven and a half ounces. Water, four fl. ounces. Essence of lemon, twelve drops. Mix the phosphate with the water, and heat in a sand-bath, gradually adding the phosphoric acid. Add water enough to compensate for the evaporation, then dis- solve the sugar, and when cold add the essence of lemon. Each teaspoonful con- tains two grains of phosphate and four grains of phosphoric acid. A. B. Durand. Syrup of Lactophosphate of Calcium. R. Chloride of calcium, one troy ounce. Phosphate of sodium, four troyounces. Concentrated lactic acid, one troy ounce. Dissolve the salts separately in water, mix the solutions, wash the precipitate well, dissolve in the acid, and mix with sufficient syrup to make two pints and a half. E. Chiles. Dentifrice Powder of Phosphate of Calcium. R. Phosphate of calcium, eighteen parts. White bole, Gum lac, each twelve parts. Cinnamon, one part. JVtyrrh, two parts. Powder well, and mix. Van Mons. Dentifrice Electuary of Phosphate of Calcium. R. Powdered phosphate of calcium, two ounces and a half. " gum lac, one ounce. " cinnamon, one drachm and a half. " cloves, one scruple. Syrup of lemon, sufficient. Make a soft electuary. Van Mons. CALCII SULPHURETUM. SULPHURET OF CALCIUM. R. Quicklime, seven parts. Sulphur, four parts. Pulverize, and heat for two hours in a cov- ered crucible. Guibourt. R. Quicklime, three parts. Sulphur, one part. Water, five parts. Mix, and boil gently ; evaporate to dryness, stirring. Keep in tight bottles. Codex. Stimulant and diaphoretic. Dose, five to ten grains. 188 CALX CHLORINATA Compound Pills of Sulphuret of Calcium. R. Sulphuret of calcium, one drachm. Powdered cinnamon, Extract of aconite, each, fifteen grains. " mallows, sufficient. Mix, and make sixty pills. Dose, four, three or four times a day, in gout and chronic rheumatism. Phoebus. Liniment of Sulphuret of Calcium. R. Sulphuret of calcium, one ounce. Oil of juniper, two drachms. Dippel's animal oil, ten drops. Mix well. As an embrocation in gout. Augustin. CALX CHLORINATA. Chlorinated Lime. It is obtained by passing chlorine gas over slaked lime, until it is saturated. It is de- siccant and disinfectant, and is also used to ill-conditioned ulcers, burns, chilblains, to some cutaneous affections, etc. Preservative Liquid. R. Water, sixteen parts. Chlorinated lime, four parts. Alum, two parts. Nitre, one part. Mix. Said to be very efficient for the pre- servation of anatomical preparations. Reboulet. Lozenges of Chlorinated Lime. R. Chlorinated lime, two drachms. Sugar, eight ounces. Starch, one ounce. Tragaoanth, one drachm. Cochineal, three grains. Rub well together, and make lozenges of three grains each. One to be taken three or four times a day, in cases of bad breath. Dcschamps. Solution of Chlorinated Lime. R. Chlorinated lime, one pound. Distilled water, ten pounds. Triturate together and afterwards Bhake frequently for three hours; strain through muslin. Brit. Ph. Cullutory of Chlorinated Lime. R. Chlorinated lime, fifteen to thirty grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, one fl. ounce. Syrup of orange peel, half fl. ounce. Mix. To be applied by means of a piece of sponge or camel's-hair brush, to ulcers in the mouth. Angelot. R. Chlorinated lime, three drachms. Distilled water, Alcohol, each, two fl. ounces. Oil of roses, four drops. Dissolve, and filter. A teaspoonful in a glass of water, to correct fetid breath. Chevallier. Chlorinated Lime Dentifrice. R. Chloride of lime, four grains. Powdered red coral, two drachms. A toothbrush, slightly wetted, to be dipped in this powder, and rubbed on the teeth. Magendie. Compound Injection of Chlorinated Lime. R. Chloride of lime, two drachms. Decoction of rhatany, thirteen fl. ounces. Dissolve, and filter. As an injection in ozena, three or four times a day. Detmold. Ointment of Chlorinated Lime. R. Chlorinated lime, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. Hub together. In scrofulous swellings. Cima. R. Chlorinated lime, half a drachm. Lard, one ounce. Rub together. In goitre. Werneck. R. Chlorinated lime, Borate of sodium, each, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. Rub together thoroughly. In chilblains. Trusen. R. Chlorinated lime, one drachm. Powdered digitalis, two drachms. Vinegar, two scruples. Lard, one ounce. Rub together. In indolent glandular tu- mors. Phoebus. CALENDULA. — CALOTEOPIS, 189 Liniment of Chlorinated Lime. R. Chlorinated lime, half a drachm. Hub in a glass mortar, adding gradually, Rose water, one fl. ounce, and when quite clear, Oil of almonds, one fl. ounce. As an application in tinea capitis. Trusen. CALENDULA. Marigold. This is the officinal name of Calendula officinalis, a plant indigenous to Europe, and often cultivated in gardens in this country as a pot herb. Sex. Syst. Syngen. necess. Nat. Syst. Linn. Sp. PI. 1304. Lindley, Flor. Med. 466. The parts used are the herb, flowers, and fruit. Their smell is peculiar, and somewhat aromatic ; the taste is feebly bitter, and a little acrid. It was formerly much used, but had fallen into disuse, when, of late years, it has again been brought forward as a remedy in cancerous affections. Extract of Marigold. R. Marigold, one part. Tepid water, four parts. Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil for a quarter of an hour, express, boil residue with four parts of water, express, mix two decoctions, and evaporate to proper con- sistence. Guibourt. Pills of the Extract of Marigold. R. Extract of marigold, ") , , " cicuta (each, two Subcarbonate of 'iron, \ d ™ chms - Powdered marigold, one drachm and a half. Mix well, and divide into pills of two grains each. Five or six are to be taken three times a day in scirrhous and cancerous affections. Rust. Lotion of Extract of Marigold. R. Extract of marigold, " cicuta, each, three drachms. Cherry-laurel water, two ounces. Tincture of opium, half an ounce. Mix. As a lotion to cancerous ulcerations. Rust. Infusion of Marigold. R. Marigold flowers, three drachms. Boiling water, sufficient to obtain five ounces; infuse, and add to the strained liquid Syrup of orange-peel, half an ounce. Dose, two spoonfuls, three times a day. Radius. Liniment of Marigold. R. Marigold flowers, three drachms. Water, five fl. ounces. Boil to three ounces, strain, and add Extract of marigold, one drachm. Tar, two ounces. Pyroligneous acid, half an ounce. Gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix. As an application to cancerous ulcers. Radius. CALOTROPIS. MUDAR. The Calotropis gigantea is a native of the East Indies, and is now naturalized in several of the West India Islands. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Asclepiadacese. Brown, Tr. Wern. Soc. 1, 29. Griffith, Med. Bot. 456. The part used is the bark of the root ; this is of a whitish color, inodorous, but with a bitter, nauseous taste. It is purga- tive, alterative, and diaphoretic, and has been highly spoken of in the treatment of elephantiasis and lepra. Dose, three grains to thirty ; in the latter dose it is emetic and purgative. Infusion of Mudar. R. Mudar, three drachms. Boiling water, eight ounces. Infuse, and strain. As an alterative, one to two fl. drachms ; as an emetic, two fl. ounces. Cassanova. Pills of Mudar. R. Powdered mudar, one drachm. Honey, sufficient. Beat into mass, and divide into pills of four grains. Two or three to be taken daily as an alterative in lepra, etc. Cassanova. Oil of Mudar. R. Powdered mudar, one drachm. Olive oil. seven ounces. 190 CALUMBA, Infuse for half an hour over a water-bath, and strain. As an application to leprous sores. Cassanova. CALUMBA, COLUMBO. Col umbo is the root of Jateorrhiza palmata and calumba (Cocculus palmatus), a climb- ing plant, a native of Mozambique. Sex. Syst. Dioec. bexand. Nat. Syst. Me- nispermacese. Hooker, Bot. Mag. 2970-71. Griffith, Med. Bot. 103. As found in the shops, the root is in round slices, externally of a brown, wrinkled ap- pearance, internally yellow. It is some- what aromatic, and has a very bitter taste. It is an excellent bitter tonic, with no as- tringency. It is useful in diseases where the pure bitters are required, and generally agrees with the stomach. Dose, in powder, is from ten to thirty grains. B Powder of Columbo and Iron Powdered columbo, Subcarbonate of iron, Powdered rhubarb, " ginger, Mix, and make twelve powders ; one to be taken every four hours. A. T. Thomson. each, one drachm. Powder of Columbo and Magnesia. B. Powdered columbo, ten grains. Magnesia, two scruples. Mix for a dose. In cardialgia. Brugnatelli. Powder of Columbo and Tartrate of Iron. B. Tartrate of iron and potassium, two scruples. Powdered columbo, half a drachm. Mix, and divide into four powders. One every three or four hours, in syrup. Ellis. Compound Pills of Columbo. B. Powdered columbo, four scruples. Opium, four grains. Oil of peppermint, ten drops. Syrup of pinks, sufficient. P>eat into mass, and form thirty pills. Two, three times a day, in spasmodic vom- iting. St. Marie. B. Powdered columbo, one drachm, rhubarb, two scruples. Extract of chamomile, two drachms. . Oil of caraway, five drops. Syrup of saffron, sufficient. Form mass, and divide into pills of four grains. Four to be taken a day, in mania with amenorrhoea. Augustin. Infusion of Columbo. B. Colombo in powder, No. 40, half a troyounce. Water, sufficient. Moisten powder with two fl. drachms of water, pack, and percolate one pint. Heat infusion to the boiling point and strain when cold. Or macerate columbo in a pint of boiling water for two hours, and strain. U. S. Ph. B. Columbo, cut small, half an ounce (avoir.). Cold distilled water, ten fl. ounces. Macerate for an hour, and strain. Brit. Ph. Infusion of Columbo and Ginger. B. Bruised columbo one ounce. " ginger, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse, and strain. A wineglassful cold, every two hours, in chronic diarrhoea. Ellis. Infusion of Columbo, Rhubarb, etc. E. Bruised caraway, } each " columbo, y ' " . rhubarb, ) ° Boiling water, sufficient for three and a half fl. ounces. Digest for two hours, strain, and add Tincture of rhu- barb. one fl. drachm. Syrup of ginger, two fl. drachms. Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful to a tablespoon- ful, in diarrhoea. Ellis. Mixture of Columbo. B. Columbo, half a drachm. Boil in Water, three to five fl. ounces. Strain, and add Carbonate of potassium, ten grains. Lemon juice, three fl. drachms. Tincture of opium, twelve drops. Mix. A tea- to a tablespoonful, every hour, as an anti-emetic. Ellis. CAMPHORA, 191 Compound Decoction of Columbo. R. Columbo, Quassia, each, two drachms. Orange-peel, one drachm. Rhubarb, one scruple. Carbonate of potassium, half a drachm. Water, twenty fl. ounces. Boil down to a pint, strain, and add Tincture of lavender, half fl. ounce. Coxe. Fluid Extract of Columbo. R. Columbo in powder, No. 60, sixteen troyounces. Gtycerin, two fl. ounces. Alcohol, fourteen fl. ounces. Moisten powder with four fl. ounces of the mixed liquids, pack in a percolator, add the remaining mixture, and macerate for four days ; then with a mixture of two parts of alcohol and one of water displace twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, evaporate the remainder to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. Dose, ten to thirty minims. U. S. Ph. R. Columbo, bruised, one part. Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.914, five parts. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. Paris Codex. Dose, half to two fl. drachms. Concentrated Tincture of Columbo, R. Columbo in powder, No. 60, sixteen troyounces. Alcohol, sufficient- Obtain, by slow displacement, two pints. Dose, half a teaspoonful. Maryland Coll. Ph. Extract of Columbo. R. Columbo cut small, one pound (avoir.). Distilled water, four pints (imper.). Macerate with half the water for twelve hours, strain and press ; macerate as before with other half, strain and press, filter the liquors, and evaporate by means of a water bath to proper consistence. Dose, two to ten grains. Brit. Ph. R. Bruised columbo, one part. Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.914, eight parts. Macerate with six parts of alcohol for ten days and express ; macerate residue with two parts of alcohol for three days ; distil strained liquors, and evaporate to proper consistence. Paris Codex. The extract of Ph. Germ, is made with diluted alcohol. Tincture of Columbo. R. Columbo, bruised, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by percolation two pints of tinc- ture. U. 8. Ph. The tincture of Brit. Ph. is about the same strength, made by maceration with proof spirit sp. gr. 0.920. Dose, one to four fl. drachms. Mixture of Columbo and Cascarilla. R. Powdered columbo, half an ounce. Water, ten fl. ounces. Boil to six ounces, add, towards close, Cascarilla, two drachms. Strain, and add Tincture of orange- peel, two drachms. Syrup of cinnamon, one ounce. A spoonful every hour, in chronic diarrhoea. Berends. Mixture of Columbo and Salep. R. Extract of columbo, one drachm. Decoction of salep, three ounces. Fennel sugar, two scruples. Mix. Two spoonfuls a day, in the diarrhoea of children. Wendt. CAMPHOKA. Camphor. A peculiar white, crystallizable, semi- transparent, volatile product of several plants ; but that used in medicine is ob- tained from the Camphora officinarum, an evergreen tree, of considerable size, indige- nous to China and other Asiatic countries. The volatile oil is likewise employed. Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. Nees. Laurin. 88. Griffith, Med. Bot, 553. Camphor has narcotic, diaphoretic, seda- tive properties, and is employed in a variety of diseases, and used externally, as an ano- dyne. The dose is from three to ten grains. Camphor can be powdered by trituration with a few drops of alcohol. Camphor Powder. R. Camphor nine grains. Sugar, one drachm. Mix, and divide into nine powders. Augustin. 192 CAMPHOEA, Compound Camphor Powder. B. Powdered camphor, Myrrh, each, two drachms. Peruvian bark, Chamomile, each, half an ounce. Charcoal, one ounce. Mix. Dose, two scruples, or more, in gan- grene. Rust. B. Powdered camphor, Benzoic acid, each, six grains. Sugar, one drachm. Mix, and divide into four powders. As an antispasmodic and sedative. Saunders. B. Powdered gum Arabic, one ounce. " orange-peel, u sugar, each, two drachms. " camphor, ten grains. " opium, five grains. Mix. A teaspoonful every hour. Amnion. Said to have been useful in cholera. Camphor Pill B. Powdered camphor, " Sugar, Starch, Crumb of bread, Mix, and make twenty pills s. each, one scruple. Augustin. Compound Camphor Pills. B. Powdered camphor, twenty-four grains. " musk, eight grains. opium, two grains. Syrup, sufficient. Beat into a mass, and divide into twelve pills. In hospital gangiene. Dwpuytren. Pills of Camphor and Lactucarium. B. Camphor, Lactucarium, each, fifty grains. Mix, and make twenty pills. Four to six daily, as an aphrodisiac. Ricord. Pills of Camphor and Musk. B. Camphor, one scruple. Musk, ten grains. Ammoniac, two scruples. Opium, four grains. Mix, and divide into four grain pills. Dose, four or live in a day, in nervous dis- orders. Richard. Camphor Water. B. Camphor, two drachms. Alcohol, forty minims. Carbonate of magnesium, four drachms. Distilled water, two pints. Bub the camphor with the alcohol, then with the magnesia, and afterwards with the water gradually added, and filter. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. directs to secure half an ounce of camphor inclosed in a muslin bag, at the bottom of a bottle containing ten pounds of water, and to pour off the solu- tion as required. Dose, one or two tablespoonfuls, to be repeated as occasion may require. Camphor Water and Laudanum. B. Camphor water, four fl. ounces. Compound spirit of lavender, two fl. drachms. Tincture of opium, forty to fifty drops. Mix, A tablespoonful, every two hours, in diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. Camphor Water and Nitric Acid. (Hope's Mixture.) B. Camphor water, four fl. ounces. Nitric acid, four drops. Tincture of opium, forty to fifty drops. Mix. In the same dose, and in the same complaints, as the last. Ellis. B. Nitrous acid, one fl. drachm. Laudanum, forty drops. Camphor water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, one or two fl. ounces every three hours, in dysentery. Hope. Camphor Water and Hoffmann's Anodyne. B. Camphor water, ten fl. drachms. Laudanum, forty drops. Spirit of sulphuric ether, one fl. drachm. Syrup of poppies, one fl. drachm. Mix. To prevent a paroxysm of inter- mittent fever. To be given just before its accession. Gregory. B. Camphor water, four fl. ounces. llolfmann's anodyne, two fl. drachms. CAMPHOEA. 193 Mix. A dessertspoonful, every hour or two, in some demulcent drink. In nervous affec- tions and sleeplessness in fevers. Ellis. Infusion of Camphor. R. Camphor, one ounce. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. Pour the water on the camphor, let stand till cold, and keep in well-stopped bottle. Dose, a tablespoonful, every hour or two, in nervous pervigilium and nervous irrita- bility. Ellis. Wine of Camphor. R. Powdered gum Arabic, " camphor, each, one part. Good white wine, forty-eight parts. Triturate well together. Ph. Germ. A turbid mixture. Dose, a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. Camphor Mixture. R. Powdered camphor, one drachm. " gum Arabic, " white sugar, each, one drachm and a half. Tincture of opium, forty drops. Mint water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, in low conditions of the system. Ellis. R. Camphor water, three fl. ounces. Compound spirit of lavender, one fl. ounce. Sugar, one drachm. Mix. Give a tablespoonful every two hours, in diarrhoea and cholera morbus, adding ten drops of laudanum, when there is much pain. This is the celebrated mixture of Dr. Jos. Parrish. R. Powdered camphor, one scruple. " gum Arabic, one drachm. " sugar, sufficient. Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce. Mix. To relieve the pain in dysmenorrhoea. One-half to be given as soon as pain is felt ; if not relieved in an hour or two, the re- mainder to be taken. Dewees. R. Powdered camphor, half a drachm. " gum Arabic, two drachms. sugar, three drachms. Vinegar, half an ounce. Water, six ounces. Mix. As a stimulant. Phoebus. 13 Emulsion of Camphor. R. Camphor, Olive oil, each, one drachm. Powdered gum Arabic, half an ounce. Water, four fl. ounces. Triturate the camphor and oil together, until uniformly mixed ; add the gum, and then the water gradually, triturating till the emulsion is formed. W. Procter. Camphor and Milk. R. Camphor, one drachm. Boiling milk, four fl. ounces. Dissolve. To be used as a stimulant. Ellis. Camphor with Myrrh. R. Powdered camphor, one drachm. " myrrh, half a drachm. " sugar, two drachms. Water, six fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. Ellis. Spirit of Camphor. R. Camphor, four ounces. Alcohol two pints. Dissolve. U. S. Ph. Most other pharmacopoeias direct one part of camphor to nine parts of alcohol. Chiefly used as an anodyne embrocation. Dose, ten to twenty drops. Tincture of Camphor and Saffron. R. Camphor, one ounce. Saffron, one scruple* Alcohol, one pint. Macerate for a day, and filter. Guibourt. As a lotion, or fomentation. Ethereal Tincture of Camphor. R. Camphor, one ounce. Sulphuric ether, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve. Swediaur. Dose, twenty to thirty drops, in wine, as a stimulant and antispasmodic. Mixture of Tincture of Camphor. R. Tincture of camphor, Goulard's extract, equal parts. Mix. As a lotion, several times a day, to parts disposed to ulcerate by constant de- cubitus. Tott. 194 CAMPHORA, Mixture of Camphor and Chloroform. R. Camphor, one drachm. Chloroform, half a fl. drachm. Mix, and add Yolk of egg, one. Triturate, and add gradually Water, As a stimulant. fl. half ounce. six fl. ounces. Dose, two fl. drachms to Keating. Mixture of Camphor and Ether. R. Camphor, one scruple. Sulphuric ether, two drachms. Dissolve, and add Laudanum, twenty drops. Cinnamon water, six ounces. Mix. A spoonful every three or four hours as a stimulant. Augustin. Lotion of Camphor. R. Spirit of camphor, one part. Sea salt, six parts. Water, one hundred parts. Officinal ammonia water, twelve parts. This is RaspaiVs Sedative Water, No. 1. Paris Codex. In No. 2 the ammonia water is increased to sixteen, and in No. 3 to twenty parts. In cerebral congestions, rheumatic affec- tions, etc. Camphor Liniment. (Camphorated Oil.) R. Camphor, three troyounces. Olive oil, twelve troyounces. Dissolve the camphor in the oil. U. S. Ph. Paris Codex and Ph. Germ, direct one part of camphor to nine parts of the oil. As an anodyne embrocation. Compound Camphor Liniment. R. Camphor, two ounces and a half. Stronger solution of ammonia, five fl. ounces. Oil of lavender, one fl. drachm. Alcohol, fifteen fl. ounces. Dissolve; camphor and oil in alcohol, add ammonia gradually, shaking until clear. Brit. Ph. A rubefacient and anodyne embrocation. R. Camphor, one drachm. Oil of chamomile, Wine of opium, each, two drachms. Oil of hyoscyamus, one ounce. Mix. Augustin. Liniment of Camphor and Vinegar. R. Tincture of camphor, three fl. ounces. Acetic acid, one fl. drachm. Mix. As a lotion or embrocation. Ellis. Ethereal Camphor Liniment. R. Soft soap, Alcohol, each, Dissolve and add Camphor, dissolved in Sulphuric ether, As an embrocation. one ounce, half an ounce one fl. ounce. Saunders. "Ward's Essence for Headache. R. Camphor, two ounces. Rectified spirit, fourteen ounces. Water of ammonia, two ounces. Oil of lavender, half an ounce. Mix. As an application to the forehead, etc., in headache. Redwood. Camphor Water Mixture. R. Camphor water, Solution of acetate of ammonium, each, half a fl. oz. Antimonial wine, Tincture of opium, each, twenty drops. Mix. To be taken at bedtime, as a stimu, latin g diaphoretic. Ellis, Camphor Clyster. R. Camphor, one drachm, Olive oil, two ounces. Mix. An excellent enema in cases of asca- rides, to be used for three or four successive nights. Ellis. R. Common clyster, two pints. Camphor, * two drachms. Yolk of egg, one. Mix. A fourth part to be injected at a time. To be employed as occasion may require in low fevers. Chaussier. Camphorated Tooth Powder. R. Prepared chalk, fifteen ounces. Powdered camphor, one ounce. M ix, and pass through a fine sieve. Cooley. CAMPHOEA MONOBEOMATA, 195 Camphor Ointment. > R. White wax, one ounce. Lard, nine ounces. Melt together, and add Powdered camphor, three ounces. Mix. Paris Codex. Compound Camphor Ointment R. Lard, Suet, Oil of bayberries Wax, Melt together, and add Camphor, Said to be efficacious as an application to chilblains. Radius. each, half an ounce, one drachm. R. Fresh butter, Spermaceti, White wax. three drachms. two drachms. three ounces. Melt together, and add Powdered camphor, Oxide of zinc, each, three grains. To be applied in chronic inflammation of the eyelids, to the affected parts, at night. Mat emit e. R. Camphor, one drachm. Basilicon ointment, one ounce. Soap, jhalf an ounce. Powdered mustard, one scruple. Mix. As an external application in lum- bago. Ferriar. Camphor Collyrium. R. Camphor water, six fl. ounces. Solution acetate of ammonium, two fl. ounces. Mix. A mild astringent and stimulant in inflammation of the eyes. '. Ellis. Liniment of Camphor and Turpentine. R. Oil of turpentine, fifteen parts. Camphor, one part. As a stimulating embrocation. Beral. Mix. Nitrate of Camphor. R. Nitric acid, at will. Camphor, sufficient to saturate. Decant. Ten drops every two hours, on sugar, or in syrup, in chronic pleurisy. Also used as a friction in rheu- matism and palsy. Van Mons. Camphorated Cough Mixture. R. Camphor, half a scruple. Mucilage of gum Arabic, three ounces. Syrup of mallows, one ounce and a half. Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. Saunders. CAMPHORA MONOBROMATA. Monobromated Camphor. R. Camphor, thirteen troy ounces. Bromine, twelve troyounces. Put the camphor into a quart retort, fill- ing first its neck with some of the broken camphor ; place the retort with its beak suf- ficiently elevated to return any liquid which may condense there back into the retort ; lengthen the beak by connecting it with a glass tube two feet in length, bent down at its farther end, and by means of India-rubber and glass tubing made to dip into water, either pure or containing an alkali or a car- bonate to combine with the hydrobromic acid which is evolved during the operation. Add the bromine in four or five portions, using towards the last not over two ounces at a time ; after each addition of bromine apply heat, just sufficient to start the re- action, remove the .heat at once, let the re- action proceed spontaneously, and after- wards allow the retort to cool before more bromine is added. After all the bromine has been used, insert a thermometer, heat the retort very gradually to about 270°, let it cool to 130°, add gradually twelve ounces Of petroleum benzin, and pour the solution into a beaker-glass containing some warm water and pieces of marble ; stir occasion- ally while cooling, and after twelve hours collect the crystals upon a funnel, wash them, and afterwards recrystallize from benzin once or twice until the crystals are not colored brown on exposure to light and air. More crystals may be obtained from the mother liquors by evaporating the sol- vent, heating the residue gradually at 500°, and recrystallizing the black mass repeatedly from petroleum benzin. Maisch. It has a camphoraceous odor and taste, is volatile, insoluble in water, and freely soluble in alcohol and ether. It is a sedative to the nervous system, and given in hourly doses of two grains or more, until from twenty to sixty grains have been taken in twenty-four hours. Deneffe. Dose, in infantile convulsions, one grain ; in hysteria and nervous headache, three or four grains; two or three doses usually afford relief. It is best given in the form of pill with conserve of roses, or suspended in mucilage and syrup. Hammond. 196 CANELLA. — CANNABIS. CANELLA. Canella. This is the bark of the Canella alba, a large tree, native of Jamaica aud other West India islands. Sex. Syst. Dodecand. monog. Nat. Syst. Meliaceae. Swartz, Trans. Linn. Soc. 1. 96. Griffith, Med. Bot. 181. The part used is the bai'k, which is of a pale orange-yellow color, with an aromatic odor, and a warm, bitterish, pungent taste. It is principally used as an adjuvant to other remedies. The dose, as a stimulant, is from ten grains to a scruple. Powder of Canella and Aloes. R. Aloes, one pound. Canella, three ounces. Rub into a fine powder, and mix. This is much used in amenorrhcea. Dose, ten to twenty grains. U. S. Ph. R. Powdered aloes, one drachm and a half. " canella, eighteen grains. " serpentaria, twelve grs. Mix, and divide into six powders. Give one powder, every three hours, in syrup. This and the preceding are generally termed hiera picra. Ellis. Tincture of Hiera Picra. R. Powder of aloes and canella, one ounce and a half. Brandy, one pint. Macerate ten days. A popular and most efficient remedy in amenorrhcea. Dose, a teaspoonful. Ellis. CANNABIS. Hemp. The Cannabis saliva is an annual plant, a native of Asia, but generally cultivated in Europe and the United States. The Bast [ndian plant is more powerful in its action on the system than that growing in more temperate climates, and is the kind most generally used inmedicine. It is designated in the U. 8. I'll, as Cannabis Indica, and the flowering tops of the same plant cultivated in this country are recognized under the name of Carmabia Americana. Bex. Syst. Dicec. pentand. Nat. Syst. Can- nabinacese. Linn. Sp. I>1. I4r,7. Griffith, Med. Bot. 572. The parts used are the seeds, the leaves, will) the flowering tops and portions of the stems ; i ho Latter are covered with a resinous exudation, which is narcotic and intoxi- cating. They have; been recommended in a variety of diseases of a formidable cha- racter. Extract of Indian Hemp. R. Dried Indian hemp, twelve troyounces. Exhaust by percolation with alcohol, distil, and evaporate to the proper consistence. U. S. Ph. The extract of American hemp is pre- pared in the same manner. The other phar- macopoeias direct maceration or digestion of the hemp tops in alcohol. Has been given with success in tetanus, hydrophobia, cholera, etc. Dose, one to ten grains. To be increased as occasion may require. Purified Extract of Hemp. R. Commercial extract of hemp, one ounce. Alcohol, four fl. ounces. Dissolve, let the dregs subside, decant and evaporate the clear solution on a water- bath, to the consistence of an extract. Dose, half a grain. U. S. Ph. I860. Tincture of Hemp. R. Extract of hemp, one ounce. Rectified spirit, (imp.) a pint. Dose, five to twenty minims, in neuralgia, etc. Brit. Ph. U. S. Ph. directs to dissolve six drachms of the extract in one pint of alcohol ; Ph. Germ, dissolves one part of extract in nineteen parts of alcohol. R. Indian hemp, Alcohol, one part, sufficient. Obtain by percolation five parts of tincture. Paris Codex. In tetanus, one drachm every half hour, till some effect is produced. In cholera, ten drops every half hour; in other dis- eases, every two hours. O'Shaughnessy. Emulsion of Hemp-seed. R. Hemp-seed, bruised, six drachms. Gum Arabic, one drachm. Parsley water, five fl. ounces. Rub together so as to form emulsion, strain, and add Syrup of balsam of Peru, one ounce. A spoonful every hour in gonorrhoea. Radius. Resin of Hemp. R. Dried hemp-tops, bruised, at will. Macerate several times in warm water, and then in a solution of carbonate of sodium : CANTHAKIS 197 afterwards, wasTi well with water, pressing after each operation. Dry, and digest in rectified spirit, to which milk of lime, con- taining an ounce of lime to each pound of hemp-tops, has been added. Filter, add a slight excess of sulphuric acid ; again filter, distil off most of the spirit, add to the resi- due three or four times its bulk of water, evaporate the rest of the spirit, decant the water, wash and dry. Dose, two-thirds of a grain. Smith. CANTHARIS. Spanish Fly. The Cantharis vesicatoria is an insect in- habiting those parts of Europe in which the vine grows naturally. It has a fetid odor and an acrid taste. The body is oblong, of a golden-green color. Spanish flies are stimulant, diuretic, rubefacient, and vesi- cant. They are used internally in dropsies, and in various disorders of the urinary organs ; externally, to irritate or vesicate. Several species are natives of the United States, which are not inferior in their pow- ers to the foreign insect. Cantharidin, their active principle, is soluble in ether, chloro- form, the oils, and boiling alcohol. Dose of the flies, one to two grains. Powder of Cantharides and Savine. R. Powdered cantharides, two grains. " savine, one drachm. Mix, and divide into four powders. One to be taken at night as an emmenagogue, watching its effects closely. Ellis. Powder of Cantharides and Camphor. R. Powdered cantharides, four grains. u camphor, eight grains. Sugar of milk, three drachms. Mix, and divide into eight powders, one to be given twice a day as a diuretic. Augustin. Pills of Cantharides and Camphor. R. Powdered cantharides, eighteen grains. " opium, " camphor, each, thirty- six grains. Mix, and form into thirty-six pills. One to be taken at bedtime, in cases of impotency from general debility. Ellis. Pills of Cantharides and Iron. R. Powdered cantharides, one scruple. Subcarbonate of iron, two scruples. Extract of liquorice, one drachm. Form a mass, and divide into pills of one grain each. Dose, three or four, three times a day, gradually augmenting the dose. As a diuretic. Meissner. Pills of Cantharides and Capsicum. R. Powdered cantharides, five grains. " capsicum, eight grains. " camphor, one scruple. " guaiacum, one drachm. Tincture of colocynth, sufficient. Form mass, and divide into eighty pills. Dose, one, gradually increasing to four or five, twice a day, in paraplegia. Sundelin. Infusion of Cantharides. R. Cantharides, one scruple. Boiling water, sufficient to obtain three ounces of infusion, after di- gesting for half an hour, and straining. Soubeiran. Acetic Infusion of Cantharides. R. Powdered cantharides, two ounces and a half. Acetic acid, two pints. Digest for fourteen days and filter. Ee- commended for blistering of the scalp with- out removing the hair. Mettauer. Emulsion of Cantharides. R. Cantharides, one scruple. Sweet almonds, six drachms. Sugar, one ounce. Beat together, and gradually rub up with Lime water, ten ounces. Strain. A spoonful every two or three hours in neuralgia, and in catarrh of the bladder. Berends. Hufeland's formula, recommended in hooping-cough, substitutes hot water for the lime water. Emulsion of Oil of Cantharides. R. Oleo-infusion of cantharides, one drachm and a half. Yolk of egg, one. Gum Arabic, two drachms. 198 CANTHARIS Hone}", one tro} 7 ounce. Juniper water, three tro} T ounces. Make an emulsion. A spoonful, in dropsy, mania, etc. It is one of the most conveni- ent preparations for the internal adminis- tration of cantharides. Guibourt. Vinegar of Cantharides. R. Powdered cantharides, two ounces. Glacial acetic acid, two fl. ounces. Acetic acid, sufficient. Add the glacial acetic acid to thirteen fl. ounces of acetic acid, and digest the can- tharides in the mixture for two hours, at a temperature of 200°. When cool transfer to a percolator and percolate with 5 fl. ounces of acetic acid. Express residue, filter, add filtrate to percolate and enough acetic acid to obtain twenty fl. ounces. Brit. Ph. As an epispastic, or as a rubefacient lotion. Tincture of Cantharides. R. Cantharides, bruised, one ounce. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by displacement two pints of tinc- ture, U. S. Ph. A very convenient mode of administer- ing cantharides. Dose, from ten to twenty drops. Also useful as a rubefacient. The tincture of the Brit. Ph. is less than half this strength. R. Powdered cantharides, one part. Alcohol, ten parts. Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. More than three times stronger than tincture of U. S. Ph. It is better adapted for liniments, hair washes, etc. Camphorated Tincture of Cantharides. R. Tincture of cantharides, half an ounce. Camphor, three drachms. A Icohol. Mix. As a rubefacient. two ounces. Pierc[uin. Compound Tincture of Cantharides. R. Cantharides, Mustard, Black pepper, ( lamphor, Garlic, Vinegar, Alcohol, one drachm. each, half an ounce. one bulb. six ounces. twelve ounces. Macerate for some days, express, and filter. Said to be very effectual as a rubefacient lotion in rheumatism, etc. Foy. R. Tincture of cantharides, Extract of rosemary, each, one drachm. Solution of carbon- ate of potassium, one drachm and a half. Water, four fl. ounces. Mix. As a lotion to promote the growth of hair, where it has been lost from an eruption, or from fever. Sachse. Tincture of Cantharides and Guaiacum. R. Powdered cantharides, one drachm. minioniim foilry-five grains, one drachm and a half. " shell-lac, half a drachm. Alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. Digest, and strain. Dose, from thirty to fifty drops, night and morning, in some de- mulcent. In gleet. Ellis. guaiacum, Contused rhubarb. Ethereal Tincture of Cantharides. R. Powdered cantharides, one part. Acetic ether, ten parts. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. Paris Codex. As a rubefacient and vesicant lotion ; it is very energetic. R. Powdered cantharides, three ounces. Spirit of nitrous ether, two pints and a half. Digest for eight days, and filter. Used for the same purposes as the last. Mettauer. Blistering Liquid. R. Powdered cantharides, eight ounces. Acetic acid, four fluidounces. Kther, sufficient. Mix cantharides and acid, pack in a perco- lator, macerate for twenty-four hours, and displace slowly with ether until twenty fluidounces are obtained. Brit. Ph. Cantharidal Ether. R. Powdered cantharides, one part. Sulphuric ether, two parts. CA3STTHARIS 199 Digest for three days, and express. The product is a green oil containing cantha- ridin, resin, and coloring matters. If the undiluted oil be brushed a few times over a part, it causes vesication. Oettinger. Camphorated Ethereal Tincture of Cantharides. R. Powdered cantharides, one part. Nitrate of camphor, three parts. Alcohol, fifty-six parts. Digest and express, and filter at the end of a few days. Advised in dropsy in dose of ten to twenty drops, in white wine. Van Mons. Extract of Cantharides. R. Powdered cantharides, one part. Alcohol of 60 per cent., six parts. Moisten the cantharides with alcohol, pack into a percolator, macerate for twelve hours, and pour on remainder of alcohol. Continue the displacement with water until the percolate commences to render the tinc- ture turbid. Distil and evaporate to pro- per consistence. Paris Codex. Ethereal Extract of Cantharides. R. Powered cantharides, at will. Sulphuric ether, sufficient. Treat the powder with the ether in a dis- placement funnel, properly arranged, until exhausted, and distil off the ether. Flies yield 8 per cent, of this extract. It is em- ployed for increasing the activity of blister- ing plasters, and for admixture with wax to make blistering tissue-paper. Soubeiran. Oleo-infusion of Cantharides. R. Cantharides, in coarse powder, one part. Olive oil, ten parts. Digest for six hours on a water-bath, ex- press, and filter. Paris Codex. An active rubefacient and vesicant. R. Cantharides, one part, eight parts. Digest for fifteen days, express, and filter. More active than "the preceding. Be'ral. R. Powdered cantharides, one part. Chloroform, Castor oil, each, one and a half parts. Mix, let stand in a close vessel for some hours, and then pass through a displace- ment apparatus. This oil vesicates promptly, when ap- plied to a part, and covered with oiled silk. E. Dupuy. Oil of rosemary. Liniment of Cantharides. R. Powdered cantharides, one ounce. Oil of turpentine, half a pint. Digest for three hours over a water-bath, and strain. U. S. Ph. An active stimulant when applied to the skin ; used with success in the low stages of typhus fevers. Requires caution in its Liniment of Cantharides and Camphor. R. Camphor, three drachms. Dissolve in Liniment of cantharides, half fl. ounce. Add Strong mercurial ointment, Simple ointment, each, one ounce. Mix, and form liniment. In low stages of fever, where the object is to arouse the sys- tem, and to affect it with mercury, also as an application to tumors. Ellis. Decoction of Cantharides in Turpentine. R. Cantharides in powder, four ounces. Oil of turpentine, twelve ounces. Mix in a flask, place this in a salt-bath, and heat for four hours; then dissolve with oil of turpentine until twelve fl. ounces are obtained. Similar to the officinal liniment, but much more powerful. Hartshorne. Liniment of Cantharides and Soap. R. Tincture of cantharides, half an ounce. Liquid ammonia, an ounce and a half. Turpentine soap, two ounces. Spirit of turpentine, one ounce. " camphor, eight ounces. Mix. A powerful rubefacient. Niemann. Cerate of Cantharides. R. Powdered cantharides, twelve tro} T ounces. Yellow wax, Resin, each, seven troy ounces. Lard, ten troyounces. Melt the wax, resin, and lard, strain, add the flies, and keep the mixture fluid for half an hour over a water-bath ; remove from the fire and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. The blistering plasters of Brit. Ph. and Paris Codex contain the same proportion of cantharides. 200 CANTHAEIS. Cerate of Extract of Cantharides. R. Powdered cantha- rides, five tro} r ounces. Stronger alcohol, sufficient. Resin, three troyounces. Yellow wax, six troyounces. Lard, seven troyounces. Exhaust the cantharides in a percolator with the alcohol, distil the tincture, and evaporate until a soft extract is obtained ; add this to the melted resin, wax, and lard, keep the mixture at 212° F. for fifteen minutes, strain, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. An efficient and elegant cerate to replace the old-fashioned blistering plaster. Cantharides Ointment. B. Cantharides cerate, two drachms. Resin cerate, six drachms. Mix thoroughly. U. S. Ph. As a stimulating dressing to blisters. R. Catharides, one part. Olive oil, four parts. Digest for twelve hours, express, filter, and add Yellow wax, two parts. Melt together and cool. Ph. Germ. The ointment of Brit. Ph. is almost identical with this. Compound Ointment of Cantharides. R. Yellow wax, three parts. Resin, six parts. Common turpentine, twelve parts. Lard, fifty parts. Melt together and add very fine powders of Cantharides, ten parts. Euphorbium, two parts. Mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. Ointment of Extract of Cantharides. R. Alcoholic extract of cantharides, eight grains. Oil of roses, one drop. Beef marrow, two ounces. Oil of lemon, forty minims. Melt the marrow, add the extract, and stir in the essential oils. To promote the growth of the hair. M. Cap. Cantharides Plaster. R. Powdered cantharides, two parts. Common olive oil, one part. Digest, for two hours in a w;i(cr bath, add Yellow wax, four parts. Common turpentine, one part. Previously melted, and mix. Ph. Germ. Firmer and more adhesive than the cerate. Pitch Plaster -with Cantharides. R. Burgundy pitch, forty-eight troyounces. Cerate of cantharides, four troyounces. Heat the cerate to 212° for fifteen minutes, strain, and melt together with the pitch. U. S. Ph. R. Cantharides, in coarse powder, Expressed oil of nutmeg, Yellow wax, Resin, each, four ounces. Soap plaster, fifty-two ounces. Resin plaster, thirty-two ounces. Boiling water, twenty ounces. Infuse the cantharides in the water for six hours, express strongly, evaporate to one- third, add the other ingredients, melt, and stir well until cool. Brit. Ph. Warming Plaster. Used as a counter- irritant. Perpetual Cantharides Plaster. R. Resin, Yellow wax, each, fifty parts. Common turpentine, thirty-seven parts. Burgundy pitch, twenty-five parts. Suet, twenty parts. Melt together with a moderate heat, and add very fine powders of Cantharides, eighteen parts. Euphorbium, six parts. Irritant and slow vesicant. Ph. Germ. Camphorated Cantharides Plaster. R. Plaster of melilot, two ounces. Melt and add Powdered cantharides, six drachms. Camphor, half a drachm. As a vesicant. Spielmann. Odontalgic Plaster with Cantharides. R. Pitch, Resin, each, one ounce. Melt together, and add Storax, Cantharides, each, two ounces. CANTHARIS 201 As an irritant plaster to the cheek in cases of toothache. Van Mons. Issue Ointment. R. Powdered Spanish flies, half an ounce. Rose water, two fl. ounces. Boil and add % Tartar emetic, fifteen grains. Evaporate to one-half, strain, and add Olive oil, three ounces. White wax, one ounce and a half. Spermaceti, one ounce. Boil till all moisture is evaporated. Used as a stimulating application to issues. PhysicJc. Cantharides Pomatum. R. Powdered Spanish flies, one drachm. Alcohol, one ounce. Macerate and filter. Ten parts of this tincture are to be well incorporated with ninety parts of lard. Said to be very effectual in preventing the hair from falli off. Dupuytren. Cantharides (Blistering) Paper. R. White wax, four troyounces. Spermaceti, one troyounce and a half. Olive oil, two troyounces. Canada turpentine, Powdered cantharides, each, half a troyounce. Water, five fl. ounces. Boil gently in a tinned vessel for two hours, constantly stirring, filter through a woollen strainer without expression, keep the mix- ture liquid by means of a shallow water- bath, and coat strips of paper upon one side only with the melted plaster by passing them over the surface of the liquid. U. S. Ph. The formula of Brit. Ph. differs mainly in using twice the above weight of can- tharides, and in digesting the substances, except the Canada turpentine, which is to be added to the strained plaster. Blistering Cloth. R. Aqueous extract of cantharides, four parts. Gelatin in solution, one part. Mix and brush over a piece of waxed cloth spread in a frame. When the first layer dries, add a second and a third, always passing the brush in the same direction. Paris Pharm. Society. Stimulating Liniment. R. Tincture of cantharides, one fl. drachm. Soap liniment, six fl. drachms. Mix. In indolent chilblains. Wardrop. Aromatic Cantharides Liniment. R. Tincture of cantharides, Oil of thyme, Solution of ammonia, ) ^ Mix. A powerful rubefacient. Augustin. ^ equal R Blistering Court Plaster. Cantharides, one drachm and a half. Acetic ether, two ounces. Infuse for eight days, decant, and add Resin, two drachms. Spread on court plaster. As a mild vesi- cant. Cadet. Sparadrap of Cantharides. R. Purified elemi, " resin, each, five ounces. Yellow wax, nineteen ounces. Basilicon cerate, eleven ounces. Olive oil, two ounces. Melt together and incorporate Cantharides in fine powder, twenty-one ounces. Spread the mixture while warm, upon oiled linen. Paris Codex. Taffeta Cantharidalis. R, Cantharidal ether, Sulphuric ether, each, one ounce. Purified turpentine, Colophony, each, two drachms. Mix. A piece of taffeta is stretched on a frame, and twice painted over with a brush dipped in the solution ; the process is re- peated the next day, and again the third day, always passing the brush in the same direction. After a few days the taffeta is covered with a solution of isinglass. Oettinger. Cantharidal Collodion. R. Cantharides, in fine powder, eight troj^ounces. Pyroxylon, one hundred grains. 202 CAPSICUM, Canada turpentine, three hundred and twenty grains. Castor oil, one hundred and sixty grains. Stronger ether, a pint and a half. Stronger alcohol, sufficient. Press the cantharides firmly into a perco- lator, gradually pour on the ether, and re- serve the first fifteen fluidounces of the ethereal tincture. Continue the percolation with stronger alcohol until half a pint of tincture is obtained ; evaporate this spon- taneously to one fl. ounce, mix with the re- served portion, and dissolve in the mixture the pvroxylon, turpentine, and oil. ™ * l U.S. Ph. Hairwash. R. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, one ounce. Tincture of cantharides, one or two drachms. Gl}'cerin, half an ounce. Rosemary water, eleven ounces. Mix. An active stimulant for the scalp. Startin. Shampoo Liquid. R. Hum, three quarts. Alcohol, one pint. Water, one pint. Tincture of cantharides. half an ounce. Carbonate of ammonium, half an ounce. Carbonate of potassium, one oz. Dissolve the carbonates in the water, and add the solution to the other ingredients mixed together, and shake up well. To re ve dandruff from the hair, by moisten- ing it with the mixture, rubbing, so as to form a lather, and then washing with cold water. Morfit. CAPSICUM. Cayenne Pepper. Several Bpedes of capsicum are used under the above officinal name, ;is C. annuum, C. faMigiatum, etc.. C. annuum is a native of Asia, i>ui now generally cultivated in Eu- rojie and A m erica, Hex. 8yst, Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. So- lanacefB. Linn. Bp. PI. 270. Griffith, Med. Bot. 497. Capsicum has a pungent smell, and a hot, bitterish, acrid taste, li is an active stimu- lant, and rubefacient. Dose, five to ten grains in powder or pill. Cayenne Pepper Pills. R. Powdered Cayenne pepper, one drachm. Crumb of bread, Distilled water, each, sufficient. Kub into mass and form twelve pills. One, three or four times a day. In debility of the stomach, especially from intemperance. Ellis. R. Powdered Cayenne pepper, one scruple. Extract of gentian, one drachm. Powdered gentian, sufficient. Form mass, and divide into sixty pills. In chronic dyspepsia. Radius. Cayenne Pepper Lozenges. R. Cayenne pepper, three drachms. Ginger, Horseradish, each, two drachms. Sugar, one ounce. Conserve of roses, one drachm. Mix, and make thirty lozenges. One to be chewed occasionally in catarrhal deafness. Fosbroke. Cayenne Pepper Syrup. R. Simple syrup, two pints. Tincture of Cayenne pepper, one fl. ounce. Pour the tincture on the heated syrup, and evaporate it from the surface of the latter, until the vapor ceases to ignite on the ap- proach of flame. Then mix immediately. A. Smith. Infusion of Cayenne Pepper. R. Cayenne pepper, half atroyounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for two hours, and strain. Dose, half a fl. ounce. U. S. Ph. Cayenne Pepper Gargle. R. Tincture of Cayenne pepper, half fl. on nee. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. R. Powdered Cayenne pepper, two tablespoonfuls. Common salt, a teaspoonful. Boiling vinegar, " water, each, half a pint. Tnfuse for an hour, and strain. In bad cases of scarlatina. Stephens. CAEBO ANIMALIS 203 R. Powdered Cayenne pepper, half an ounce. Magnesia, one drachm. Boiling water, ■ " vinegar, each, eight ounces. Infuse, and strain. Used in same cases, and in same manner, as above. Headley. Tincture of Cayenne Pepper. R. Cayenne pepper, one ounce. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by displacement two pints of tinc- ture. U. S. Ph. As a stimulant in low states of fever with gastric insensibility. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Also used in a diluted state as gargle. Tincture of Brit. Ph. is about same strength. R. Powdered capsicum, one part. Alcohol, ten parts. Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Ph. Gei-m. Nearly three times stronger than pre- ceding. Concentrated Tincture of Cayenne Pepper. R. Ca}*enne pepper, four ounces. Rectified spirit, twelve fl. ounces. Macerate for seven days, and strain. Used as an embrocation for toothache and chil- blains. A. TurnbuU. Tincture of Cayenne Pepper and Cantharides. R. Cayenne pepper, one drachm. Cantharides, ten drachms. Alcohol, one pint. Digest for two days, and filter. Dose, ten drops. Coxe. Vinegar of Cayenne Pepper. R. Cayenne pepper, one part. Vinegar, six parts. Digest for some days, and filter. In doses of half a drachm to a drachm, in passive dropsies. BSral. Oleo-resin of Capsicum. R. Powdered capsicum, twelve troyounces. Ether, sufficient. Pack capsicum firmly into a suitable per- colator, obtain by slow displacement twenty- 1 four fl. ounces of tincture, distil off most of ether, evaporate remainder spontaneously, and remove solid fat by straining. U. S. Ph. Dose, one-half to one grain. Extract of Cayenne Pepper. R. Powdered Cayenne pepper, eight ounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Exhaust powder by displacement with di- luted alcohol, and evaporate the tincture in a water-bath to the consistence of an extract. About two ounces of extract are obtained. Dose, one or two grains made into pills. W. C. Bakes. Cerate of Cayenne Pepper. R. Extract of Cayenne pepper, one drachm. Simple cerate, one ounce. Rub together. This acts as a rubefacient in twenty or thirty minutes. W. C. Bakes. Cayenne Pepper Cataplasm. R. Powdered Cayenne pepper, one ounce. Ground mustard, Common soap, each, three ounces. Alcohol, sufficient. Mix. An active rubefacient. Ammon. Lotion of Cayenne Pepper. R. Tincture of Cayenne pepper, Spirit of campho r, each, four fl. ounces. Solution of ammonia, two fl. ounces. Mix. A very powerful rubefacient. Ammon. CARBO ANIMALIS. Animal Charcoal. This article is prepared by charring ani- mal substances, usually bones. It requires purification for internal use. Purified Animal Charcoal. R. Animal charcoal, Muriatic acid, each, twelve tro3 r onnces. Water, twelve fl. ounces. Mix the acid and water, and pour or coal ; digest for two days, occaa 204 CAEBO LIGNI stirring. Decant, and wash the charcoal frequently with water, and dry it. U. S. Ph. R. Lean of beef or mutton, two parts. Broken bones, one part. Char by a moderate fire in a coffee-roaster, let cool and pulverize. Weise. Has been given with advantage in scrof- ulous diseases, chronic glandular swellings, etc., in doses of ten to twenty grains. Powder of Animal Charcoal. R. Animal charcoal, four grains. Sugar, one drachm. Mix. To be taken morning and evening, in scrofula. Weise. R. Animal charcoal, six grains. Burnt sponge, twelve grains. Powdered liquorice root, half a drachm. Mix, and form six powders. One to be taken morning and night, in scirrhous goitre. Riecke. four grains. R. Animal charcoal, Powdered liquorice root, four scruples. Mix, and divide into eight powders, one to be taken morning and evening, dry ; a little water drank afterwards. After the eight powders are taken, increase the dose, by half a grain at a time, to four grains. In scirrhous tumors of the breast. A spare diet to be observed. Weise. R. Animal charcoal, one scruple. Subcarbonate of iron, Sugar, each, two scruples. Mix, and divide into ten powders. One three or lour limes a day in incipient hyper- trophy of the womb or ovaries. Clarus. Troches of Animal Charcoal. R. Animal charcoal, one part. 8ugar f eight parts. Mix, and wiili mucilage of tragacanth form which divide into lozenges of ten each. Radius. Ointment of Animal Charcoal. li. Animal charcoal, one part. Lard, two parts. Bub together. Giordano. R. Animal charcoal half an ounce. Ointment of mallows, six drachms. Mix. As a friction to glandular engorge- i ion1 . Radius, CARBO LIGNI. Charcoal Is employed in medicine as an antiseptic and absorbent, and has been found useful in dyspepsia, etc. It also enters into the composition of poultices, etc. Charcoal Dentifrice Powder. R. Powdered charcoal, four troyounces. u cinchona, two troyounces. Oil of mint, ten grains. Mix. Paris Codex. R. Powdered charcoal, four parts. " Peruvian bark, two parts. " myrrh, one part. Mix. Ph. Slesv. R. Powdered charcoal, three drachms. " Peruvian bark, two drachms. " calamus, one drachm. " myrrh, half a drachm. Oil of cloves, three drops. Mix. Sartori. R. Powdered charcoal, " red saunders, " orange-peel, " Peruvian bark, " cremor tartar, Oil of bergamot, twenty drops. Mix. Schubarth. each, one drm. Compound Charcoal Powder. R. Charcoal, four drachms. Magnesia, three drachms. Rochelle salt, two troyounces. Powder separately, and mix. Antacid and laxative. Maryl. Coll. Ph. If carbonate of magnesium is preferred to magnesia, four drachms of the former should be used. Powder of Charcoal and Quassia. R. Powdered charcoal, six drachms. u quassia, Magnesia, each, one drachm. Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, two or three times a day, in pyrosis. Ileim. CAEBO MINEEALIS. 205 Charcoal Lozenges. R. Powdered charcoal, " sugar, each, one ounce. " vanilla, one drachm. " chocolate, three ounces. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Beat together, and form lozenges of eighteen grains. For fetid breath. Chevallier. R. Powdered charcoal, one part. Sugar, three parts. Mix, and with mucilage of tragacanth form lozenges of fifteen grains each. Paris Codex. Charcoal Electuary. R. Powdered charcoal, Carbonate of sodium, each, one drachm. Electuary of senna, two ounces. Mix. Two or three teaspoonfuls a day in obstinate constipation. Radius. Charcoal Tooth Paste. R. Powdered charcoal, ~) each, " orris root, > one " Peruvian bark, ) scruple. Tincture of myrrh, half a drachm. Clarified honey, sufficient. Mix. Used as a dentifrice. L. W. Sachs. Ointment of Charcoal. R. Powdered charcoal, Storax ointment, each, one ounce. Camphor, Myrrh, each, two drachms. Spirit of turpentine, sufficient. Eub well together. As a dressing to fetid ulcers. Bust. Charcoal Cataplasm. R. Freshly prepared charcoal, sufficient. Mix with Simple cataplasm in a tepid state. Dub. Ph. As an application to foul and gangrenous ulcers. R. Powdered charcoal, half an ounce. Cataplasm of chamomile, five pounds. Mix. As above. Brera. Charcoal Suppository. R. Cork charcoal, Wax, each, one part. Fresh butter, two parts. Mix. As a suppository in hemorrhoids. Cadet. CARBO MINERALIS Mineral Coal. Anthracokali. R. Carbonate of potassium, six oz. Lime, three and a half ounces. Water, four pints. Proceed as in making liquor potassa, and concentrate the clear solution, by boiling in an iron pot, till an oily-looking liquid remains, then stir in five ounces of finely- powdered mineral coal ; remove from the fire, and continue stirring till the whole is reduced to an uniform powder, which is to be immediately put in small, well-stopped bottles. Poly a. Much recommended in cutaneous diseases, scrofula, chronic rheumatism, etc. Dose, two grains, twice or thrice a day. Powder of Anthracokali. R. Anthracokali, two grains. Powdered liquorice, five grains. Mix. Two to four times a day. Polya. Compound Powder of Anthracokali. R. Anthracokali, two grains. Washed sulphur, three to five grains. Powdered liquorice, two to three grains. Mix. In psora, etc. Polya. R. Anthracokali, two grains. Calomel, one-sixth of a grain. Powdered liquorice, three grains. Mix. In syphilitic eruptions. Polya. R. Anthracokali, Golden sulphuret of antimony, each, half a grain. Powdered liquorice, three grains. Mix. Polya. Sulphuretted Anthracokali. R. Prepared like the simple anthra- cokali, adding four drachms of sulphur to the coal, and dis- solving, etc., as above. The dose and uses are the same. Polya. 206 CARBONIS IODIDUM.— CAKOTA CARBONIS IODIDUM. Iodide of Carbon. R. Tincture of iodine, two fl. ounces. Solution of potassa, sufficient. Add the solution of potassa to the tincture till the latter loses its color, then add Distilled water sufficient to precipitate the iodide, separate, and dry by a gentle heat. Ointment of Iodide cf Carbon. R. Iodide of carbon, half a drachm. Simple ointment, six drachms. Rub together. As an application to en- larged glands, and obstinate cutaneous affections. Litchfield. CARDAMINE. Cuckoo Flower. This is the Cardamine pratensis, a small herbaceous plant, a native of Europe, and also found in the more northern parts of America. Sex. Syst. Tetrad, siliquos. Nat. Syst. Brassicacese. Linn. Sp. PL 915. Baker, Med. Trans. 1 442. The part employed is the flowers, which are said to be diuretic and antispasmodic. It is not used in this country, and appears to be little deserving of notice. CARDAMOMUM. Cardamom. Under the name of Cardamom a variety of aromatic capsules have been used in medicine, all possessing the same properties and somewhat the same appearance. That recognized by the pharmacopoeias is the pro- duct of the Elettaria Cardamomum, a native Of Malabar. 8ex. Syst. Monand. monog. Nat. Syst. Zin- giberaceaB. Maton, Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 254. Griffith, Med. Bot. 633. The part used is the seeds; these are angular, somewhat rough, of a reddish or brownish color, with an agreeable fragrant odor, and :i warm, aromatic taste. They are seldom used alone, being chiefly em- ployed in compound preparations. Aromatic Powder. H. Ginger, Cinnamon, each, two troyounces. Cardamom, deprived of the capsules, Nutmeg, grated, each, one ounce. Kub the ingredients in the form of powder, until thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. Stimulant and carminative. Dose,, ten to thirty grains, in dyspepsia with flatu- lence. See also Compound Powder of Cin- R Aromatic Confection. Aromatic powder, four troyounces. Clarified honey, sufficient. Rub together, and beat into a mass. U. S. Ph. Used as a stimulant to the stomach, in doses of ten to sixty grains. Tincture of Cardamom. R. Cardamom, bruised, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by percolation, two pints. U. S. Ph. A pleasant, aromatic stimulant. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Compound Tincture of Cardamom. R. Powdered cardamom, six drachms. " caraway, two drachms. " cochineal, one drachm. " cinnamon, five drachms. Honey, two troyounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Percolate the mixed powders with the di- luted alcohol to obtain thirty-eight fl. ounces of tincture, and add the honey. U. S. Ph. The tincture of Brit. Ph. is very similar, raisins being employed in place of the honey. An agreeable aromatic and carminative, in the dose of one or two fl. drachms. Ethereal Extract of Cardamom. R. Cardamom, in powder, at will. Sulphuric ether, sufficient. Treat, till twice the weight of the seed is obtained. Evaporate spontaneously until deprived of ether. This extract is fluid, and consists of volatile and fixed oil. It may be used for aromatizing powders, or as an addition to pills. W. Procter. CAROTA. Carrot. The seeds and root of the common carrot, Da iicus carota, a native of Europe, but now extensively naturalized in the United States, and generally cultivated as an esculent in both countries. CAETHAMUS. — CAEUM. 207 Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiaceae. Liun. Sp. PI. 348. Griffith, Med. Bot. 337. The parts used are the fruit and root ; the former alone is recognized in the U. S. Ph.; they are aromatic, and have a pungent, bitterish taste ; the root of the wild carrot has a strong smell, and an acrid, disagreea- ble taste ; both these are similar in their re- medial effects, being aromatic and diuretic. The root of the cultivated variety is milder, and is not used internally, but has much reputation as an external application to foul ulcers, etc. R. Infusion of Carrot Fruit. Carrot fruit, half an ounce — one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse. To be taken during- the day as a diuretic, in dropsy and nephritic com- plaints. Cataplasm of Carrot Root. R. Root of garden carrot, at will. Scrape down to a pulp. As an application to foul and cancerous ulcers. Wood. R. Root of garden carrot, at will. Boil till soft, and mash. Bub. Ph. 1850. This acts merely as an emollient, and is not possessed of any virtues beyond those of the common poultice. Extract of Carrot Root. R. Clarified juice of carrot root, at will. Evaporate on a water-bath to the consist- ence of honey. Swediaur. As an application to ulcerated cancers. Carrot Ointment. R. Carrot root, grated, one pound, twenty ounces. Lard. Yellow wax, two ounces. Heat them together till the water of vege- tation is driven off, and the fat has acquired a yellow color ; then strain for use. W. Procter. CARTHAMUS. Safflower. This is the florets of Carthamus tinctorius, a native of the Levant and Egypt, but culti- vated in some parts of Europe and in the United States. Sex. Syst. Syngen. aequal. Nat. Syst. As- teraeeae. Linn. Sp. PI. 1162. Griffith, Med. Bot. 410. The fruit was formerly much used in medicine, but is at present seldom resorted to. The florets are somewhat stimulant, and, in warm infusion, diaphoretic, and are used as a substitute for saffron. Infusion of Safflower. R. Safflower, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse, and strain. Used in domestic practice in the exanthe- mata, to bring out the eruption. C ARUM. Caraway. Caraway fruit is the product of Carum carui, an umbelliferous plant, a native of Europe, and cultivated both there and in this country. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Api- aceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 378. Griffith, Med. Bot. 318. The fruit, the only part used, is of a brownish color, with a fragrant but pecu- liar odor, and an aromatic, warm taste. It is a pleasant aromatic and carminative. Dose, in powder, from a scruple to a drachm. Caraway Water. R. Caraway, bruised, one pound. Water, twenty pounds. Mix. Distil ten pounds. Brit. Ph. Infusion of Caraway. R. Caraway, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse and strain. Wood. In flatulent colic of infants. Spirit of Caraway. R. Bruised caraway, Proof spirit, Water, Mix, and distil one gallon. twenty-two ounces. one gallon. two pints. Lond. Ph. 1836. R. Oil of caraway, Proof spirit, Dissolve. As a carminative, two fl. drachms. two fl. drachms, one gallon. Lond. Ph. 1851. In doses of one to 208 CARYOPHYLLUS. Oil of Caraway. R. Caraway, bruised, at will. Water, sufficient. Macerate for some time, distil, and sepa- rate the oil. Van Mons. Essence of Caraway. R. Oil of carawajr, one fl. ounce. Rectified spirit, nine fl. ounces. Mix with agitation. Dub. Ph. 1850. Dose, about twenty drops. Embrocation of Caraway. R. Oil of caraway, " peppermint, each, one scruple. " olives, one ounce. Wine of opium, half a fl. drachm. Mix. As an embrocation on the abdomen of iii f ants in colic. Radius. CARYOPHYLLUS. Cloves. Cloves are the unexpanded flowers of Ca- ryophyllus aromalicus, a small tree, a native of the Molucca Islands, and also cultivated in many other parts of the East Indies. ib'exl. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Myrtacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 735. Griffith, Med. Bot. 298. Cloves are somewhat nail-shaped, of a brown color, with a strong fragrant smell, and a permanent, pungent, aromatic taste. They are highly stimulating, and are given as a carminative and excitant of the gastric functions, in the dose of five to ten grains, lmt are more used as an adjunct to various officinal compounds. Infusion of Cloves. R. Bruised cloves, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U.S. Ph. The infusion of Brit. Pit. represents in each ounce eleven grains of cloves. I'" e, from one to two il. ounces. Clove Water. R. Bruised cloves, one part. Water, eight parts. I lor twelve hours, and distil twelve pari - A ■ B Btimulanl and carminative. Cutlereau. Spirit of Cloves. R. Bruised cloves, one part. Alcohol, eight parts. Macerate for some days, and distil eight parts. Guibourt. Tincture of Cloves. R. Bruised cloves, one part. Alcohol, five parts. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. Paris Codex. "Wine of Cloves. R. Bruised cloves, " mace, each, one drachm. Red wine, one pint. Boil, and strain. As a fomentation. Saunders. Oil of Cloves. R. Bruised cloves, at will. Water, sufficient. Macerate for some time, distil, return the product, and redistil several times, separate the oil, which sinks to the bottom. Van Mons. Dose, two to six drops. Aromatic Balsam of Cloves. R. Oil of cloves, " nutmeg, each, one scruple. Spirit of juniper berries, two ounces. Mix. As a stimulating friction. Bories. Odontalgic Mixture. R. Oil of cloves, twelve drops. Tincture of pimpinella, Sulphuric ether, each, two drachms. Aromatic tincture, one drachm. Mix. To be applied to the carious tooth. Augustin. Clove Plaster. R. Yellow wax, twenty-two parts. Suet, twenty-four parts. Melt, and add Powdered olibanum, sixteen parts. " cloves, eight parts. Oil of nutmeg, six parts. " peppermint, one part. Mix. Van Mons. As an application to the stomach, or over a pained part. CASCAEILLA, 209 Clove Cataplasm. B. Rye flour, six or eight spoonfuls. Red wine, sufficient, to make a cataplasm ; add • Powdered cloves, Grated nutmeg, each, a teaspoonful. Mix well. As an application to the stomach, to check nausea or pain. Radius. Macerate for one hour in a covered vessel, and strain. Brit. Ph. B. Powdered cascarilla, one troyounce. Water, sufficient Obtain by displacement one pint. Or it may be prepared by maceration in boiling water. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Clove Bag. R. Powdered cloves, two drachms. " marjoram, half an ounce. " rosemary, one ounce. Mix, and quilt between folds of linen, dip in Cologne water, and apply to the pit of the stomach, to check nausea. Phoebus. CASCARILLA. Cascarilla. This is the bark of Croton eleutheria, a shrub found in several of the West India islands, and also, perhaps, derived from other species. Sex. Syst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Euphorbiacese. Bennett, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Griffith, Med. Bot. 596. In rolled fragments, whitish externally, and of a chocolate color within, of an aro- matic odor, and a spicy, bitter taste. It is an aromatic tonic, and is useful in debili- tated conditions of the stomach and bowels. Dose, in powder, from a scruple to half a drachm. Compound Cascarilla Powder, B. Powdered cascarilla, ten grains. " opium, " ipecacuanha, each, one grain. Mix. To be taken every five hours in ob- stinate diarrhoea. Radius. B. Powdered cascarilla, one drachm. " hartshorn, cuttlefish bone, each, four drachms. amber, two drachms. Mix. One drachm to be taken in a glass of sugar and water, at bedtime, against nocturnal pollutions. Pierquin. Infusion of Cascarilla. B. Bruised cascarilla. one ounce. Boiling water, ten ounces. 14 Alkaline Infusion of Cascarilla. B. Bruised cascarilla, three ounces. Carbonate of potassium, two drachms. Boiling water, sixteen fl. ounces. Macerate for two hours, and filter. Dose, a spoonful, two or three times a day, as an antacid and tonic. Palat. Ph. Extract of Cascarilla. B. Bruised cascarilla, one part. Water, six parts. Treat the cascarilla first with two-thirds, then with the remainder of the water, and evaporate. Dose, from ten grains to half a drachm. Ph. Germ. Mixture of Extract of Cascarilla. B. Extract of cascarilla, one drachm. White sugar, six drachms. Oil of chamomile, twenty drops. Tragacanth, half a drachm. Wine of opium, twentj^-five drops. Cinnamon water, two fl. ounces. Peppermint water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A spoonful every hour in dysentery. Augustin. Tincture of Cascarilla. B. Bruised cascarilla, two ounces and a half. Proof spirit, sufficient. Obtain by maceration, displacement, and expression one pint (twenty fl. ounces) of tincture. Dose, half to two fl. drachms. Brit. Ph. Ph. Germ, directs to macerate one part of cascarilla in five parts of alcohol (0.892). Concentrated Tincture of Cascarilla. B. Cascarilla in powder, No. 60, sixteen troj- ounces. Alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by slow displacement two pints. Dose, half to one fl. drachm. Maryland Coll. Ph. 210 CASSIA FISTULA. — CASTANEA. Compound Wine of Cascarilla. R. Powdered cascarilla, one ounce and a half. Contused orange-peel, one ounce. u cinnamon, two drachms. "White wine, twenty-seven fl. ounces. Digest for twenty-four hours, and filter. As a stomachic and tonic, in doses of two ounces, four times a day. Phoebus. CASSIA FISTULA. Purging Cassia. This is the fruit or pod of the Cassia fis- tula, a large tree, a native of Egypt, and many parts of Asia, and cultivated in most tropical regions. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fabaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 540. Griffith, Med. Bot. 253. The pods are a foot or more in length, cylindrical, of a dark brown color, with two longitudinal furrows on one side, and one on the other. They are internally divided into numerous cells, each containing one seed enveloped in a soft pulp. This latter, which is the part used, has a faint nauseous smell, and a sweet, mucilaginous taste. It is laxative in doses of one or two drachms, and purgative in those of one or two ounces. Pulp of Purging Cassia. R. Purging cassia, bruised, sufficient. Pour boiling water on it to soften the pulp, Btrain, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 1840. Dose, one drachm. Confection of Cassia. R. Cassia pulp, half a pound. M.'iiina, two ounces. Tamarind pulp, one ounce. Syrup of roses, eight fl. ounces. Mix well, and evaporate to proper consist- ence. Land. Ph. 1836. Slightly laxative. R. Mixture of Cassia Pulp. Pulp of cassia, one ounce. I illusion of rhubarb, a drachm and a half. Syrup of roses, Manna, each, one ounce. Mix well. A mill laxative. Pterquin. CASSIA MARILANDIA. American Senna. This species is an indigenous perennial plant, with showy, bright yellow flowers, growing in moist places and. on the banks of streams. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fa- Linn. Sp. PL 541. Griffith, Med. Bot. 260. The leaves, which are the officinal portion, are usually exposed for sale in small pack- ages, like the other herbs put up by the Shakers. They have a faint, unpleasant odor, and a nauseous taste like senna, of which they possess all the qualities, but are not quite as active. R Infusion of American Senna. American senna, one ounce and a half. Coriander seed, bruised, one drachm. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate in a covered vessel one hour, and strain. Martin. Dose, a wineglassful. CASTANEA. Chestnut Leaves. Castanea vesca is a large tree growing in many parts of the United States. Sex. Syst. Moncecia Polyan. Nat. Syst. Cupuliferae. The leaves are officinal ; they are four t© eight inches long, oblong-lanceolate, acumi- nate, sinuate-serrate, smooth and green on both sides, without odor, but of an astrin- gent taste. They should be collected in August or September. Given freely in the form of decoction or fluid extract, they have been found serviceable in hooping-cough, without producing constipation. Decoction of Chestnut Leaves. R. Chestnut leaves, half a troyounce. Water, sufficient. Boil and strain to obtain one pint. To be taken ad libitum. Unzicker. Fluid Extract of Chestnut Leaves. R. Chestnut leaves, cut, sixteen troyounces. Glycerin, four fl. ounces. Sugar, six troyounces. Boiling water, sufficient. Digest the leaves with water for twenty- four hours, express, and strain ; repeat twice with sufficient water to cover the leaves, CASTANEA PUMILA. — CASTORBUM. 211 mix the clear infusions, add the glycerin and sugar, and evaporate to one pint. Maisch. Dose, half to one teaspoonful or more, every two or three hours, according to the age of the patient and the severity of the paroxysms. A. S. Gerhard. CASTANEA PUMILA. Chinquapin. A shrub or small tree, growing chiefly in the southern part of this country. The bark has been used as a tonic and anti- periodic, in the form of infusion, made from one ounce of the bark to a pint of water, and given in doses of a fluidounce or two. C ASTORETTM. Castor. Castor is a peculiar substance obtained from membranous follicles in the common beaver or Castor fiber, situated between the organs of generation and the anus. It is in the form of solid, unctuous masses, con- tained in small, wrinkled, brownish sacs. It has a strong, unpleasant smell, and a bitter, acrid taste. It is stimulant and anti- spasmodic, and has been much praised in the neuroses. In this country it is not much used. Dose, from ten to twenty grains. Compound Powder of Castor. R. Castor, twelve grains. Powdered cascarilla, one scruple. Magnesia, one scruple and a half. Mix, and divide into three powders. Saunders. R. Castor, ~\ Powdered valerian, I e J cb ' . Sugar, ) ten grains. Mix, and divide into three doses. Phcebus. As antispasmodics. each, half an ounce. Bolus of Castor. R. Assafetida, Yalerian, Castor, Amber, Camphor, one scruple. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and form boluses of ten grains each. Said to be efficacious in hysteria, neuralgia, and vertigo. Foy. Castor Pills. R. Assafetida, one drachm. Galbanum, Myrrh, each, half a drachm. Castor, fifteen grains. Tincture of valerian, sufficient. Beat together, and divide into seventy-two pills. Dose, three to eight, three times a day, in hysteria. Phoebus. Pills of Castor and Succinic Acid. R. Castor, one drachm. Succinic acid, half a drachm. Extract of gentian, sufficient. Beat together, and form twenty-four pills. Three, morning and night, in hysteria. Ellis. Tincture of Castor. R. Bruised castor, two troy ounces. Alcohol, two pints. Digest for seven days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, from thirty drops to two fl. drachms. Tincture of Brit. Ph. is about one-fourth weaker. Paris Codex and Ph. Germ, use proportions of one to ten ; the latter re- cognizes two tinctures made with Canadian and with Siberian castor. Ethereal Tincture of Castor. R. Powdered castor, one part. Spirit of ether, ten parts. Macerate for ten days and filter. Paris Codex. R. Bruised castor, " saffron, Spirit of sulphuric ether, twelve ounces. Digest for twenty-four hours, and filter. As an antispasmodic. In doses of thirty drops. Spielmann. two ounces, one ounce. Ammoniated Tincture of Castor. R. Bruised castor, two ounces and a half. Contused assafetida, ten drachms. Spirit of ammonia, two pints. Digest for seven days, in a closed vessel, express, strain, and filter. Ed. Ph. 1841. A powerful stimulant, and antispasmodic, in cases of spasm of the stomach, hysteria, etc. Dose, thirty drops to two fl. drachms. 212 CAT ALP A. — CATECHU R Compound Tincture of Castor. Assafeticla, two drachms. Opium, half a drachm. Oil of amber, one drachm. Castor, half an ounce. Alcohol, four ounces. Digest for four days, express, and filter. Dose, thirty to forty drops in wine, in hys- teria. Ferrara Ph. Compound Plaster of Castor. R. Wax plaster, sixteen ounces. Soap, four ounces. Melt together, and add, on cooling, Camphor, one ounce. Castor, half an ounce. Incorporate well. Highly praised in head- ache, rheumatism, etc. Giordano. Compound Spirit of Castor. R. Castor, half an ounce. Assafetida, two drachms. Oil of amber, one drachm. savme, Alcohol, rue, each, half a drachm. ten ounces. Digest, distil, and add Empyreumat. carb. of ammonium, two ounces. Camphor, one drachm. Distil again. Dose, twenty to forty drops. Cottereau. CATALPA. Catalpa. The Catalpa cordifolia is a beautiful native tree, principally found in the southern and southwestern States. Sex. 8yet. Diand, monog. Nat. Syst. Big- DoniacesB. Elliot, lint, i. 24. Lindley, Flor. Med. 499. The bark is said to he vermifuge, but the part used in medicine is principally the pods. These have been found efficacious in asthma. Decoction of Catalpa Pods. I£. Catalpa pods, half an ounce. Water, sufficient to obtain eight ounces of decoction ; add Oxyincl of squill, half an ounce. K. Catalpa pods, half an ounce. Seneka, two drachms. Water, sufficient to obtain eight ounces of decoction; add Oxymel of squill, one ounce. In spoonful doses, in chronic, nervous asthma. Brera. B. Catalpa pods, Water, three or four, twelve fl. ounces. Boil down to six ounces, to be given in two doses, morning and night. Antomachi. C ATARIA. Catnep. This is the leaves or whole herb of Nepeta cataria, a perennial herbaceous plant, a native of Europe, and naturalized in the United States. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. Larniaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 797. Griffith, Med. Bot. 512. It has a peculiar, somewhat unpleasant odor, and a bitterish, aromatic taste. It is stimulant, carminative, etc., and is used in the flatulent colic of iufants, and as an em- menagogue, etc. Infusion of Catnep. R. Catnep, two drachms. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel. Dose, a tea- spoonful occasionally, whilst hot, for an in- fant in flatulent colic ; to be taken freely, as a diaphoretic, or emmenagogue. CATECHU. Catechu. Catechu is an extract procured from the wood of Acacia catechu, and also from other trees. The Acacia catechu is a native of the East Indies, and is now cultivated in some of the West India islands. Sex. Syst. Polygam. moncec. Nat. Syst. Fabacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 409. Griffith, Med. Bot. 268. Catechu comes in masses of various forms, of a rusty-brown color externally, but paler within. It is inodorous, but has a hitter and astringent taste, followed by a sensa- tion of sweetness. It, principally consists of tannin and extractive. It is a tonic and astringent, and is used in cases where as- tringents are required. The dose is from ten grains to half a drachm, repeated as required. CATECHU PALLIDUM. Pale Catechu. — Gambtr. This, which is the only variety recognized by the British Pharmacopoeia, is the product of Uncaria Gambir, a high-climbing shrub of the West India Islands. CATECHU. 213 Syst. Cinchonaceae. Roxb. Flor. Ind. It comes in cubes, about au inch in dia- meter, externally brown, internally yellow- ish or reddish-gray. In odor, taste, and pro- perties, it closely resembles catechu. Compound Powder of Catechu. R. Powdered catechu, fifteen grains. " salts, two grains. Mix, and make powder ; to be taken after each liquid stool, in diarrhoea from a weakened condition of the bowels. A. T. TJwmson. R four ounces. two ounces. Pale catechu, Kino, Rhatany root, each, Cinnamon, Nutmeg, each, one ounce. Mix the substances in powder and pass through a five sieve. An aromatic astringent. Dose, fifteen to forty grains. Brit. Ph. R Powdered catechu, " cascarilla, " gum Arabic, Aromatic powder, Mix. Dose, a scruple every two hours, in chronic diarrhoea. Augustin. equal parts. Bolus of Catechu. R. Powdered catechu, twenty-four grs. Extract of opium, two grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and form two boluses, one to be taken morning and evening, in chronic diarrhoea. Foy. Pills of Alum and Catechu. R. Alum, six grains. Extract of opium, Catechu, each, one grain. Mix, and divide into six pills, one to be given every two to four hours. In passive hemorrhage and atonic mucous discharges. Ellis. Compound Catechu Bolus. R. Powdered catechu, one scruple. Confection of opium, twelve grains. Aromatic confection, sufficient. Make a bolus, to be taken twice a day, in inordinate flow of the menses. Babington. R. Powdered catechu, twelve parts. " alum, six parts. " opium, two parts. Syrup of red roses, sufficient. Form a mass, and divide into pills of six grains each. One or two a day, in the de- cline of gonorrhoea. Foy. Pills of Catechu and Liquorice. R. Catechu, half a drachm. Gum Arabic, Extract of liquorice, each, two drachms. Mastich, one drachm. Syrup of mallows, sufficient. Form mass, and divide into pills of three grains each. Four, three times a day, in chronic catarrh. Van Mons. Lozenges of Catechu. R. Catechu, one part. Sugar, five parts. Mix, and with mucilage of tragacanth form lozenges of eight grains each. Paris Codex. R. Pale catechu, seven hundred and twenty grains. Refined sugar, twenty-five ounces. Gum acacia, one ounce. Mucilage of gum acacia, two fl. ounces. Mix the solid ingredients in powder, add the mucilage, and then sufficient water to form a mass, which is to be divided into seven hundred and twenty lozenges. Dose, one to six. Brit. Ph. Electuary of Catechu. R. Catechu, Kino, each, four ounces. Cinnamon, Nutmeg, each, one ounce. Opium, diffused in a little sherry wine, one drachm and a half. Syrup of red roses, reduced to the consistence of honey, one pint and a half. Pulverize the solids, mix the opium and syrup, add the powders, and beat into a mass. _ Ed. Ph. 1841. In diarrhoea and chronic dysentery, in doses of half a drachm to a drachm. R. Catechu, Balsam of tolu, each, one drachm. Peruvian bark, one ounce. Syrup of red roses, sufficient. Beat together. One drachm morning and evening, in leucorrhcea and gonorrhoea. Brera. 214 CEANOTHUS. Compound Infusion of Catechu. R. Catechu, half a troyounce. Cinnamon, powdered, one drachm. Boiling water, one pint. Digest for an hour, and strain. U. S. Ph. Infusion of Catechu, Brit. Ph., is of nearly two-thirds this strength. Infusion of Catechu. R. Powdered catechu, one part. Boiling water, one hundred parts. Macerate and strain. Dorvault. Dose from one to three fl. drachms, three or four times a day. Tincture of Catechu. R. Powdered catechu, three troy- ounces. " cinnamon, two troy- ounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Mix powders, and by displacement obtain two pints of tincture. U. S. Ph. R. Pale catechu, two ounces and a half (avoir.). Cinnamon, bruised, one ounce (avoir.). Proof spirit, one pint (irnper.). Macerate for a w r eek, press, filter, and add proof spirit to make one pint. Brit. Ph. R. Bruised catechu, one part. Alcohol of GO per cent, five parts. Macerate for eight days,- and filter. Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. A pleasant astringent. Dose, thirty drops to three fl. drachms. Catechu Collutory. R. Catechu, M \ nli, each, eight parts. Balsam <>f Peru, one part. Spirit of cochlearia, Alcohol, each, twenty-four parts. Mix and digest for four days, and filter. A- b mouth-wash, in a spongy condition of the gums. Saunders. Mixture of Catechu and Logwood. R. Extract of logwood, throe drachms. Tincture of catechu, two fl. drachms. Water, seven fl. ounces. Mix. Two tablespoonfuls, every three or four hours, in chronic stages of diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. Anti-Emetic Mixture. R. Catechu, one drachm. Columbo, thirty grains. Canella, twenty grains. Boiling water, four fl. ounces. Mix, and digest 'for eight hours, strain, and add Syrup of red roses, one fl. ounce. In spoonful doses. Pierquin. Injection of Catechu. R. Catechu, Myrrh, each, one drachm. Dissolve in Lime water, four fl. ounces, and strain. As an injection, in chronic leucorrhcea and gonorrhoea. R Aromatic Pastilles of Catechu. (Cachou Aromatise.) Extract of liquorice, Water, each, three ounces and a half. Dissolve on a water-bath, and add Powdered catechu, four hundred and sixty-two grains. " gum Arabic, two hun- dred and thirty-one grains. Evaporate to the consistence of an extract, and incorporate Powdered mastich, " cascarilla, " charcoal, " orris root. each, thirty grains. Reduce to proper consistence, remove from fire, and add Oil of peppermint, thirty drops. Tincture of ambergris, " musk, each, ten drops. Mix, and form into one grain pills. Used to aromatize the breath. Gray. CEANOTHUS. New Jersey Tea. Severn! species of Ceanothus have medi- cal properties, but the only one in use in lliis country is the C. American vs, a suffru- ticose plant, found in most parts of the United States. CENTAUKEA BENEDICTA. — CENTAUEIUM. 215 Sex. Syst. Pentand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Khamuacere. Linn. Sp. PI. 284. Griffith, Med. Bot. 218. The leaves and root are bitter and astrin- gent, but the root is the most active. They have been used in a variety of cases, to which astringents are applicable. Decoction of New Jersey Tea. R. Xew Jersey tea root, two drachms. Water, one pint. Boil for a quarter of an hour, and strain. Said by Ferrein to be efficacious in gonor- rhoea and syphilis; and by Dr. Hubbard, in dysentery ; and also as a gargle in aph- thous sore mouth, and in ulcerations of the fauces. CEXTAUREA BEXEDICTA. Blessed Thistle. An annual plant, native of the south of Europe, and become naturalized in some parts of the United States. Sex. Syst. Syngen. frust. Nat. Syst. Astera cese. Linn. Sp. PI. 1296. Griffith, Med. Bot. (Onions) 409. The whole herb is used ; it has a faint nauseous odor, and a very bitter taste. It is used as a tonic, diaphoretic, or emetic. Dose of powder, as tonic, a scruple to a drachm. Infusion of Blessed Thistle. R. Blessed thistle, two drachms and a half. Boiling water, one quart. Infuse for half an hour, and strain. As a diaphoretic. Paris Codex. R. Blessed thistle, half an ounce. Cold water, one pint. Infuse, and strain. As a tonic, in the dose of two fl. ounces. Wood. Wine of Blessed Thistle. R. Blessed thistle, one ounce and a half. Columbo, three drachms. Cinnamon, two drachms. Wine, two pints. Macerate for twenty-four hours, and strain. Dose, one to four spoonfuls in the morning, Wirtemberg Ph. CENTAURIUM. Centaury. The herbs or flowering heads of Erytliraia centaurium, a small annual plant, indigenous to many parts of Europe. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Gentianacea?. Linn. (Chironia) Sp. PI. 332. Griffith, Med. Bot. 459. This plant is very bitter, and is analogous in its properties to gentian. In this country, its use has been superseded by the American centaury or sabbatia. Dose of the powder, from thirty grains to a drachm. R Portland Powder. C entaury, Germander, Gentian, Round aristolochia, Ground pine, Powder, and mix. Once highly celebrated in the cure of gout. Dose, one drachm. equal parts. Bitter Species. R. Germander, ^ Centaury, i- equal parts. Blessed thistle, ) Used in form of infusion. Paris Codex. Extract of Centaury. R. Centaury, one part. Hot water, eight parts. Macerate in one-half the water, express, and strain ; repeat the process with the re- mainder of the water, unite the liquids, and evaporate. Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. as a stomachic. Pills of Extract of Centaury. R. Extract of centaury, one drachm. Myrrh, two drachms. Balsam of Peru, one scruple. Mix, and form into pills of three grains. Four, three times a day, as a tonic and stomachic. St. Marie. Compound Wine of Centaury. R. Centaury, ^ Apocynum, > each, one ounce. Madder, ) White wine, Water, each, a pint and a half. Boil down to two-thirds, and add to the strained liquid Syrup of orange peel, two ounces. A cupful morning and evening, in jaun- dice. BtmL 216 CERA. CERII OXALAS. Mixture of Extract of Centaury. B. Extract of centaury, one drachm. Bitter almonds, two drachms. Chamomile water, two ounces. Rub well together, and strain. As a febri- fuge. Foy. CERA. Wax. Cera Flara, or yellow wax, is a concrete substance, deposited by the honey bee, Apis mellifica. Cera Alba, or white wax, is prepared from the yellow, by melting it, pouring into thin layers, watting and turning frequently, and exposing to the air and light on frames. Many plants yield a concrete principle called vegetable wax, which corresponds in many particulars with that of the bee. "Wax is much employed in pharmacy in the formation of cerates and plasters. It has also been used as a medicine, in the dose of a teaspoonful. Waxed Cloth. B. White wax, eight parts. Olive oil, four parts. Turpentine, one part. Melt together, and spread upon linen or muslin stretched in a frame. Used for making blistering cloth, and vesicating taffetas. "Wax Plaster. B. Yellow wax, Suet, each, three pounds. Resin, one pound. Melt with a moderate heat, and stir till cold. Used to promote discharges from blistered surfaces. Land. Ph. 1836. Rose Lip Salve. B. Oil of almonds, ninety parts. Alkanet root, four parts. Digest until sufficiently colored and add White wax, sixty parts. Spermaceti, ten parts. Melt together, and flavor with Oil of Bergamot, Oil of lemon, each, one part. rh. Germ. 1.1. While wax, Oil of almonds, Melt and add one ounce, two ounces. Carmine, Otto of roses, each, five grains. Paris Codex. Simple Cerate. B. Lard, eight troyounces. White wax, four ounces. Melt together, and stir constantly till cool. U. S. Ph. B. White wax, one part. Oil of almonds, three parts. Melt together, and stir till cold. Paris Codex. B. Olive oil, five parts. Yellow wax, two parts. Melt together, and stir till cold. Ph. Germ. Galien's Cerate. B. White wax, one part. Oil of almonds, three parts. Rose water, three parts. Heat the wax, oil, and one-half of the water until the wax has melted, pour into a warm marble mortar, and stir continually until the mixture has nearly cooled ; thea add the remainder of the water gradually, tri- turating, and beating until the whole is thoroughly mixed. Paris Codex. Simple Ointment. B. Lard, eight troyounces. Yellow wax, two troyounces. Melt the wax, add the lard gradually, and stir while cooling. U. S. Ph. B. White wax, Prepared lard, Almond oil, Melt and mix. two ounces. three ounces. three fl. ounces. Brit. Ph. CERIUM. Cerium. CERII OXALAS. Oxalate op Cerium. It is obtained by precipitating a solution of nitrate or of chloride of cerium by a solution of oxalate of ammonium. A white powder, insoluble in water, alco- hol, and ether, and almost tasteless. It is regarded as ;i sedative and tonic, and has beep used in vomiting from various causes, particularly in the vomiting of pregnancy and uterine irritation. Dose, gr. j. to iii., thrice daily, in the form of powder or pill. Simpson. CETACEITM. 217 Pills of Oxalate of Cerium. R. Oxalate of cerium, Extract of hops, each, twenty-four grains. Mix and form twelve pills. Waring- Curran. CETACEUM. Spermaceti. A peculiar concrete substance, obtained from the head of Physeter macrocephalus, or spermaceti whale. It is white, semi-trans- parent, friable, soft, somewhat oily to the touch, insipid, but with a faint odor. It has been used as a demulcent, and also enters into the composition of several oint- ments and cerates. Compound Powder of Spermaceti. R. Spermaceti, two drachms. Nitrate of potassium, one drachm. Orris root, Sugar, each, one ounce. Powder well, and mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a day, in catarrh. Radius. Saccharated Spermaceti. R. Spermaceti, one part. White sugar, three parts. Rub into a very fine powder. Ph. Germ. Spermaceti Mixture. R. Spermaceti, two drachms. Sugar, three drachms. Paregoric elixir, half fl. ounce. Water, eight fl. ounces. Rub spermaceti and sugar together with the yolk of an egg ; add the water and pare- goric gradually. A tablespoonful, several times a day. In catarrh. Ellis. half an ounce, two drachms, half an ounce. R. Spermaceti, Gum Arabic, Syrup, Water of bitter almonds, one drachm. Water, two ounces and a half. Rub together, and strain. A dessertspoon- ful every two hours. In catarrh. Phoebus. R. Spermaceti, Olive oil, Powdered gum Arabic, two drachms. one drachm. half an ounce. Water, four fl. ounces. Triturate the spermaceti with the oil, until reduced to a paste, then add the gum, and lastly the water, gradually. W. Procter. R. Spermaceti, two drachms. Yolk of egg, one. Powdered gum Arabic, two drachms. Paregoric elixir, six fl. drachms. Antimonial wine, four fl. drachms. W T hite sugar, three drachms. Water, six fl. ounces. Mix. Rub the spermaceti with the yolk of egg, then add the other ingredients sepa- rately ; when well incorporated, introduce the water gradually. A tablespoonful every two or three hours to an adult. Useful in catarrh, especially of measles. Dewees. Spermaceti Ointment. R. Spermaceti, five ounces. White wax, two ounces. Almond oil, twenty fl. ounces. Melt together with a gentle heat, and stir constantly until cool. Brit. Ph. Mild dressing for open surfaces. Ointment of Spermaceti and Rose Water. R. Rose water, one fl. ounce. Oil of almonds, two fl. ounces. Spermaceti, half an ounce. White wax, one drachm. Melt together, by a water-bath, the oil, spermaceti and wax ; add rose water, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. A pleasant and cooling application to irritable surfaces, well known as cold cream. Cold Cream without Spermaceti. R. White wax, one ounce. Oil of almonds, four fl. ounces. Rose water, two fl. ounces. Borax, half a drachm. Oil of roses, five minims. Dissolve the wax in the oil of almonds, by a gentle heat, also dissolve the borax in the rose water, and add the solution to the heated mixture, stirring till cold, then add the oil of roses. Turribull. Spermaceti Cerate. R. Spermaceti, one tro3 r ounce. White wax, three troyounces. Olive oil, five troyounces. 218 CETEAEIA. Melt wax and spermaceti together, then add the oil previously heated, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. R. Spermaceti, White wax, each, Oil of almonds. two parts, three parts. Melt together as above. Ph. Germ. An excellent dressing for blisters, wounds, etc. Spermaceti Lip Salve. R. Spermaceti, White wax, each, half an ounce. Melt, and add • Oil of almonds, one ounce. " lavender, twenty drops. " bergamot, ten drops. " cloves, two drops. Rub well together. Niemann. R. Spermaceti, one ounce and a half. White wax, nine drachms. Oil of almonds, twelve ounces. Alkanet root, two ounces. Otto of roses, one drachm. Digest the first four ingredients in the heat of a water-bath for four hours, strain, and add the otto of roses. Gray. Spermaceti Liniment. R. Spermaceti, White wax, each, half a drachm. Oil of almonds, one ounce. White lead, Litharge, each, twenty grains. Gum lac, sufficient. Mix. As a cosmetic, but the presence of the lead requires it to be used with caution. Pierquin. Sultana Ointment. R. Spermaceti, eight parts. Butter of cacao, sixteen parts. Oil of almonds, thirty-two parts. Balsam of Peru, one part. Melt together, and add Orange-flower water, one part. Stir constantly till cold. Niemann. R. Spermaceti, While wax, each, Oil of almonds, Melt together, ;nilve. one part. , nine parts. Paris Codex. R. Chloroform, Camphor liniment, each, two fl. ounces. Dissolve. Brit. Ph. Chloroform and Aconite Liniment. (Compound Chloroform Liniment.) R. Chloroform, Tincture of aconite root, each, two fl. ounces. Soap liniment, twelve fl. ounces. Mix. . Maryland Coll. Ph. Chloroform Ointment. R. White wax, one drachm. Lard, nine drachms. Melt together, pour into wide-mouth vial, and add Chloroform, two drachms. Cork the vial, and agitate until cold. Paris Codex. K. Spermaceti ointment, four drachms. Olive oil, one drachm. Oxide of zinc, half a drachm. Chloroform, two fl. drachms. Mix. Applied in irritable ulcer of rectum. Curling. CHONDRUS. Irish Moss. — Carrageen. The fronds of Chondrus crispus, a sea- weed growing on rocks and stones in the seas of northern Europe, especially on the southern and western coasts of Ireland. Sex. Syst. Cryptog. fuci. Nal. Syst. Cera- raiaceae. Greville, Alg. Brit, 129. Dunglison, New Rem. 6th ed. p. 210. It is of a yellowish or purplish color, translucent, nearly tasteless, and scentless. It is nutritive and demulcent, and affords a useful article of diet to convalescents. It has also been recommended in scrofula, and bowel and pectoral affections. Before using, it should be soaked in cold water to remove any salt or other impurities. Decoction of Carrageen. R. Carrageen, sliced, half an ounce. Water, three pints. Boil for a quarter of an hour, express, and strain. B6ral. R. Carrageen, sliced, half a drachm. New milk, nine fl. ounces. Boil to five fl. ounces, strain, and add CIOHOEICM. CIMICIFITGA. 225 Sugar, half an ounce to an ounce. Bitter almond water, one scruple. To be taken during the day. Grdfe. R. Carrageen, four scruples. New milk, twenty-four fl. ounces. Boil for ten minutes, express, and add Orange-flower water, one ounce and a half. Dry Carrageen Jelly. Saccharated Carrageen Powder. R. Carrageen, ten ounces. Sugar, forty ounces. Wash the carrageen with cold water, then boil with sufficient water for an hour, ex- press, allow to settle, and decant ; add the sugar, evaporate with continued agitation, dry in thin layers, and powder. Paris Codex. Carrageen Jelly. R. Carrageen, two drachms. New milk, one pint. Boil to consistence of jelly, strain, and add Sugar, one ounce. Bitter almonds, two. Radius. R. Saccharated carrageen powder, four ounces. Sugar, two ounces. Water, ten ounces. Rub together, boil, remove the scum, and add Orange-flower water, half an ounce. It should weigh twelve ounces and a half. Paris Codex. R. Carrageen, washed, one ounce. Water, forty ounces. Boil for half an hour, express, strain, and add White sugar, two ounces. Evaporate, stirring continually, to ten ounces. Ph. Germ. Carrageen Troches. R. Saccharated carrageen powder, five troyounces. Powdered tragacanth, one scruple. Mix. Flavor to suit, and with water form lozenges of thirty grains each. Mouchon. Carrageen Mixture. R. Carrageen, half a drachm. Water, sufficient 15 to obtain six ounces of mucilage and add strain, Phosphate of sodium, one drachm and a half. Syrup of opium, three drachms. A spoonful, every two hours, in hemoptysis. Clarus. CICHORIUM Succory. The Cichorium intybus is a perennial her- baceous plant, indigenous to Europe, but naturalized in many places in this country. Sex. Syst. Syngen. sequal. Nat. Syst. As- teracese. The whole plant is bitter, the root the most so. It is tonic, aperient, and deob- struent. The dried and torrefied root is used in Europe to mix with, or as a substi- tute for coffee. Extract of Succory. R. Juice of succcory, at will. Evaporate to one-third, cool, filter, and evaporate to proper consistence. Paris Codex. Dose, from ten grains to half a drachm. Infusion of Succory. R. Dried succory, half an ounce. Boiling water, two pints. Infuse, and strain, and add Syrup of maidenhair, one drachm. Cottereau. Compound Syrup of Succory. R. Juice of succory, " dandelion, " fumitory, each, six ounces. Sugar, one pound. Boil to proper consistence, and strain. Dose, one to two ounces. As a diuretic. St. Marie. CIMICIFUGA. Black Snakeroot. This is the root of Cimicifuga racemosa, a native, found in many parts of the United States, in shady places. Sex. Syst. Polyand. di-pent. Nat. Syst. Ra- nunculaceas. Torrey and Gray, Fl. 1. 36. Grifiith, Med. Bot. 92. The rhizome is thick, contorted, dark 22G CINCHONA. brown, with numerous radicles. The odor is peculiar and unpleasant, and the taste bit- ter and somewhat astringent. It is acro- narcotic, and is used in rheumatism, dropsy, pectoral affections, chorea, etc. The dose of the powder is a drachm, several times a day. Decoction of Black Snakeroot. R. Black snakeroot (contused), one ounce. Water, one pint. Boil for a short time, and. strain. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Wood. Tincture of Black Snakeroot. R. Bruised black snakeroot, four ounces. Alcohol, one pint. Digest for fourteen days, and filter. Dose, twenty drops or more, three or four times a day. Carson. Used in rheumatic cases. Fluid Extract of Black Snakeroot. R. Black snakeroot, in powder, No. 80, sixteen troyounces. Stronger alcohol, sufficient. Moisten powder with four fl. ounces of the alcohol, pack in a percolator, add twelve fl. ounces of stronger alcohol, and macerate for four days. Then displace twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, eva- porate the remainder to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to thirty minims. CINCHONA. Peruvian Bark. This is the bark of several species of Cin- chona, all natives of South America. There are numerous varieties of this article used in medicine, but the, state of our knowledge (mi the subject does not permit a reference of them to a particular species of the tree, except in a few eases. At the revision of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, in 1870, the yellow bark was referred to C. Oalisaya, the pale bark to C Condaminea, and C. Micrantha, and the red bark to Cinchona succirubra. (Bee Griffith, Med. Bot. 368.) Peruvian bark owes its properties to the presence of several alkaloids, oalled quinla, cinchonia, etc. it is a bitter tonic and antiperiodic, and is usr• ^ . " camphor, ) pans ' Mix. As an application to gangrenous ulcers. Cadet. Powder of Peruvian Bark and Cascarilla. R. Powdered Peruvian bark, two drachms. " cascarilla, twelve grains. Mix. In apyrexia of intermittents. Foy. CINCHONA, 227 Powder of Peruvian Bark and Camphor. B. Powdered Peruvian bark, half an ounce. " camphor, one scruple. gurn Arabic, two drachms. Mix. As an application to atonic ulcers. Ph. Gen. Peruvian Bark Dentifrice Powders. B. Powdered Peruvian bark, one ounce and a half. " red saunders, half an ounce. Oil of bergamot, Oil of cloves, each, twelve drops. Mix. Huf eland. B. Powdered Peruvian •bark, three ounces. " cremor tartar, "^ each, " sage leaves, > half an " myrrh, ) ounce. " catechu, six drachms. Oil of cloves, sixteen drops. Mix. Hesse Ph. B. Powdered Peruvian bark, one oz. " orris root, } each, " sage leaves, v half an " myrrh, ) ounce. Mix. Fulda Disp. B. Powdered Peruvian bark, two ounces. " chloride of ammonium, half an ounce. " orris root, one ounce. " catechu, " myrrh, each, six drachms. Oil of cloves, twelve drops. Mix. Pideret. Powder of Peruvian Bark and Valerian. B. Powdered Peruvian bark, two drachms. u valerian, one drachm. Mix. Divide into four powders. In ner- vous disorders. Ratier. Powder of Peruvian Bark and Isinglass. B. Powdered Peruvian bark, one ounce. Isinglass, one drachm and a half. Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. Dose, at first, from three to six a day, in passive menorrhagia, leucorrhcea, chronic diarrhoea, etc. Brera. Peruvian Bark Mixture. B. Powdered cinchona, half an ounce. Confection of opium, one drachm. Lemon juice, two fl. drachms. Port wine, four fl. ounces. Mix. A wineglassful every two hours, in the apyrexia of intermittent fever. Meigs. B. Powdered cinchona, six drachms. Confection of opium, three drachms. Cremor tartar, two drachms. Water, six fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every hour. Dewees. B. Powdered Peruvian bark, two drachms. Wine of opium, sixty drops. Nitrate of potassium, five grains. Infusion of gentian, six fl. ounces. Mix. An ounce every two hours. Pierquin. R. Powdered Peruvian bark. two drachms. Compound tincture of bark, one fl. ounce. Decoction of red bark, three fl. ounces. Syrup, half fl. ounce. Mix. A tablespoonful every one or two hours in the apyrexia. Ellis. Extract of Pale Cinchona. B. Bruised pale bark, one part. Alcohol, sp. gr. .893, four parts. Digest for twenty-four hours, express, strain, and repeat operation with two parts of al- cohol of same strength. Distil the mixed tinctures and evaporate to proper consist- ence. Ph. Germ. The vinous extract of Peruvian bark of some old pharmacopoeias was made with white wine in the same manner. Cold Prepared Aqueous Extract of Cinchona. B. Bruised pale bark, two parts. Distilled w T ater, twelve parts. Macerate for two days, express, strain, and repeat operation with six parts of distilled water. Evaporate the clear mixed liquids to one and a half parts, cool, filter, and evaporate to proper consistence. Ph. Germ. 228 CINCHONA, Extract of Yellow Cinchona. B. Yellow bark in fine powder, twelve troyounces. Alcohol, three pints. Water, sufficient. Macerate the bark in twenty fl. ounces of alcohol for four days, and obtain tincture by displacement. When the liquid measures three pints, set aside and obtain six pints of infusion. Distil off alcohol from tinc- ture, and evaporate infusion to the consist- ence of thin honey ; m x, and evaporate to proper consistence. The extract of red bark is prepared in the same way. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to thirty grains. Precipitated Extract of Cinchona. B. Bruised yellow bark, two pounds. Distilled water, one gallon. Muriatic acid, half a fl. ounce. Boil and strain. Then boil the residue twice in an equal quantity of acidulated water. Mix the decoctions, filter, and add lime, while precipitation occurs. Wash the precipitate, exhaust it with hot alcohol, and evaporate by a water-bath, to a pilular consistence. Dose, two to five grains. C. Ellis. Compound Bolus of Extract of Peruvian Bark. B Extract of Peruvian bark, twenty grains. Nitrate of potassium, thirty grs. Confection of orange- peel, sufficient. Mix, and form five boluses. Pierquin. Compound Pills of Extract of Peruvian Bark. B. Extract of Peruvian bark, one drachm. Extract of opium, one grain. Camphor, twelve grains. Powdered Peruvun bark, sufficient. Beat into a mass, and form twelve pills. One to be taken three or four times a day. Ellis. B. Extract of Peruvian bark, " " rhubarb, I equal u gentian, | parts. " blessed thistle, Beal Into a mass, and form pills of four grains. Dose, one or two, three limes a day. St. Marie. B. Extract of Peruvian bark, " gentian, each, one drachm. Sulphate of iron, half a drachm. Powdered myrrh, one drachm. Oil of caraway, ten drops. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. Beat well together, and divide into forty pills. Three to be taken three times a day. In the apyrexia of intermittents. Thomson. B. Extract of Peruvian bark, two drachms. Powdered alum, one drachm. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and divide into thirty-six pills. Four to be taken every four or six hours. In passive hemorrhages. A. T. Thomson. Decoction of Yellow Cinchona. B. Yellow cinchona, bruised, one ounce. Water, one pint. Boil for fifteen minutes, strain, and add sufficient water to make a pint. Dose, two fl. ounces. U. S. Ph. The decoction of red bark is prepared in the same manner ; that of Brit. Ph. is of nearly the same strength. B. Red cinchona, bruised, one ounce. Water, one pint. Boil for ten minutes, and, while hot, add Virginia snakeroot, half an ounce. Orange-pee], two drachms. Infuse for half an hour, near the fire, in a covered vessel. Dose, a wineglassful every hour. Ellis. Decoction of Cinchona Mixture. B. Decoction of cinchona, six ounces. Tincture of cinchona, one ounce. Diluted sulphuric acid, one drachm. Syrup of orange-peel, half an ounce. Mix. A tablespoonful every hour or two. Foy. B. Decoction of cinchona, eight ounces. Infusion of arnica flowers, six ounces. Camphor, two scruples. Syrup of toln, one ounce. Mucilage of gum, four ounces. Mix. To be taken in divided doses, during the day. JSrugnatelli. CINCHONA 229 Decoction of Peruvian Bark and Cascarilla. B. Peruvian bark, one ounce. Cascarilla, two drachms. Water, twelve fl. ounces. Boil to eight ounces, express, and strain, and add, when cold, Sulphuric ether, two drachms. Mix. Copenhagen Ph. Decoction of Cinchona and Rhatany. B. Peruvian bark, Rhatany, each, half an ounce. Water, sufficient to obtain nine ounces of decoction ; strain, and add Vinous extract of cinchona, four scruples. Compound tincture of cinchona, one fl. drachm. Citron water, one fl. ounce. Mix. In chronic diarrhoea. Brera. Compound Decoction of Cinchona. B. Bruised cinchona, one ounce. Yirginia snakeroot, half an ounce. Orange-peel, two drachms. Powdered cloves, one drachm. Carbonate of potassium, one drachm. Mix. Put the mixture into a proper ves- sel, with three half pints of water, boil down gently to one pint ; let settle, decant. Dose, a wineglassful every hour, for eight hours, in the apyrexia. Dewees. Infusion of Yellow Cinchona. B. Yellow cinchona, in powder, No. 50, one troy ounce. Aromatic sulphuric acid, one fl. drachm. Water, sufficient. Mix the acid with a pint of water ; moisten the powder with half a fl. ounce of the mix- ture, pack firmly in a glass funnel and dis- place a pint, using the mixture, and after- wards water. JJ. S. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. The infusion of red bark is prepared in the same manner. B. Bruised yellow cinchona, half an ounce (avoir.). Boiling distilled water, ten fl. ounces. Infuse for two hours and strain. Brit. Ph. This represents twenty-two grains of cin- chona in the fl. ounce, eight grains less than the preceding. Infusion of Cinchona and Serpentarla. B. Bruised cinchona, ten drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for four hours, then boil for half an hour, then add Yirginia snakeroot, two drachms. Infuse for two hours, and strain. Saunders. Infusion of Cinchona and Magnesia. B. Powdered cinchona, one ounce. Magnesia, one drachm. Boiling water, twelve fl. ounces. Infuse for twelve hours, express, and strain. Said to be more astringent than other in- fusions. Van Mons. Compound Infusion of Cinchona. B. Cinchona, Juniper berries, each, one drachm. Orange-peel, Cinnamon, each, two drachms. Canella, half a drachm. Ipecacuanha, fifteen grains. Boiling water, seven fl. ounces. Infuse and strain, then add Extract of juniper berries, one drachm and a half. In spoonful doses, in atonic dropsies. Bories. Infusion of Cinchona with Can- tharides. B. Infusion of cinchona, six fl. ounces. Tincture of cantharides, " opium, each, half a fl. ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful or more, thrice daily, in chronic hooping-cough. Graves. Fluid Extract of Cinchona. B. Yellow cinchona in powder, No. 80, sixteen troyounces. Glycerin, four fl. ounces. Alcohol, Water, each, sufficient. Prepare a mixture of half a pint of alcohol, three fl. ounces of glycerin, and five fl. 230 CINCHONA, ounces of water ; with five fl. ounces of it moisten the cinchona, pack into a glass percolator, add the remainder of the mix- ture and macerate for four days. Then percolate with diluted alcohol to obtain two pints of tincture, reserve the first four- teen fl. ounces, add to the remainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. Dose, ten to thirty minims. JJ. S. Ph. R. Yellow cinchona in coarse powder, one pound (avoir.). Distilled water, sufficient. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. Macerate the cinchona with two pints of water for twenty-four hours, then displace, adding more water until twelve pints of infusion are obtained ; evaporate this below 160° to a pint, filter, evaporate again to three fl. ounces, and when cool, stir in the alcohol. Specific gravity about 1.100. Dose, ten to thirty minims. Brit. Ph. Electuary of Cinchona. R. Powdered cinchona, one ounce. Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. A teaspoonful every hour. Radius. Powdered cloves or other aromatics may be added. Astringent Electuary of Cinchona. R. Powdered cinchona, " orange-peel, each, . six drachms. " crabs' eyes, two drachms. Confection of red roses, " rose hips, each, six drachms. Syrup of catechu, sufficient. Mix. Dose, one drachm, two or three times a day, in chronic diarrhoea. Saunders. Electuary of Cinchona and Catechu. R. Powdered cinchona, one ounce. catechu, Balsam of tolu, each, one drnchm. Syrup of comfrey, sufficient. Divide into ten doses, one to be taken twice 0T three times a day, in some appro- priate vehicle. Much praised in hemopty- sis. Pierquin. Electuary of Cinchona and Tin. R. Powdered cinchona, one ounce. " tin, " valerian, each, half an ounce. Syrup, sufficient. Mix. Dose, a drachm, morning and even- ing, in epilepsy. Cadet. Electuary of Cinchona and Rhubarb. R. Powdered yellow cinchona, ten drachms. " rhubarb, four drachms. Chloride of ammonium, two scruples. Syrup, sufficient. Mix. For twenty doses. DorvaulL Electuary of Cinchona and Iron. R. Powdered cinchona, six drachms. Yallet's mass, Confection of opium, each, two drachms. Syrup of cinnamon, sufficient. Mix. Dose, a drachm, morning and even- ing, in ascites, after the evacuation of the fluid. Cadet. Tincture of Cinchona. R. Yellow cinchona, in powder, No. 50, six troy ounces. Alcohol, Water, each, sufficient. Mix three measures of alcohol with one of water, moisten the cinchona with two fluid- ounces, and displace two pints of tincture. U. S. Ph. The tincture of Brit. Ph. is almost of same strength, but made with a weaker alcohol of 0.920 specific gravity ; that of Ph. Germ, is also nearly of same strength, but made with pale bark. The tinctures of gray, red, and yellow cinchona of the Paris Codex correspond with that of U. S. Ph. Generally employed as an adjuvant to other preparations of bark, in the dose of one to four fluidrachms. Compound Tincture of Peruvian Bark. (Huxham's Tincture.) R. Red cinchona, in powder, No. 50, four troyounces. Bitter orange-peel, in powder, No. 50, three troyounces. CINCnOXA. 231 Virginia snakeroot, in powder, No. 50, six drachms. sufficient. Alcohol, Water, each, Moisten the mixed powders with four fl. ounces of a mixture of three measures of alcohol to one of water, and displace two pints and a half of tincture. U. S. Ph. R. Pale cinchona, in moderately fine powder, two ounces (avoir.) Bitter orange-peel, cut and bruised, oue ounce " Serpentaria, bruised, half an ounce u Saffron, sixty grains. Cochineal, in powder, thirty grains. Proof spirit, sp. gr. 0.920, one pint (Imper.) Macerate the dry materials for forty-eight hours in fifteen fluidounces of the spirit, transfer to a percolator, add remaining five fl. ounces of spirit, and when fluid ceases to pass, express the contents of the percolator, filter the product, mix the liquids, and add enough proof spirit to make one pint im- perial. Brit. Ph. R. Pale cinchona, bruised, six parts. Bitter orange-peel, bruised, Gentian, bruised, each, two parts. Cinnamon, bruised, one part. Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.892, fifty parts. Digest for eight days, express, and filter. Ph. Germ. An excellent stomachic and useful ad- junct to other preparations of bark. The last formula is Whytt's tonic elixir. Dose, a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. Tincture of Peruvian Bark and Valerian. R. Tincture of Peruvian bark, valerian, each, one fl. ounce. " cardamom, two fl. drachms. Mint water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours, as a tonic in nervous temperaments. Ellis. Ammoniated Tincture of Cinchona. R. Powdered cinchona, one ounce. Ammoniated alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Macerate for eight days in a covered vessel, express, and filter. Swediaur. Tincture of Bark and Cantharides. R. Tincture of bark, three ounces. Paregoric elixir, half an ounce. Tincture of Spanish flies, one drachm. Mix. Used, it is stated, with great suc- cess, in hooping-cough. To be given in small doses, until a slight strangury is caused. Sutcliffe. Cataplasm of Peruvian Bark. R. Cataplasm of linseed meal, one pound. Powdered Peruvian bark, four ounces. Mix. Foy. R. Powdered Peruvian bark, M charcoal, each, one ounce. M camphor, one drachm and a half. Oil of turpentine, sufficient. Mix. Phoebus. These cataplasms are employed as appli- cations to gangrenous ulcers, etc. Cerate of Peruvian Bark. R. Simple cerate, eight ounces. Camphor, one drachm and a half. Rub together, and gradually incorporate . Decoction of Peruvian bark, one ounce. An application to ill-conditioned ulcers. Van Mons. Peruvian Bark Pomatum. R. Extract of Peruvian bark, half a drachm. Oil of roses, two drops. " bergamot, eight drops. Beef marrow, half an ounce. Incorporate well. As an application to promote the growth of the hair. Phoebus. Clyster of Peruvian Bark. R. Decoction of Peruvian bark, four ounces. Yolk of egg, one. Powdered Peruvian bark, three drachms. Tincture of opium, twelve drops. Mix. Radius. 232 CINCHONA R. Extract of Peruvian bark, half a drachm. Warm water, four fl. ounces. Dissolve, and add Olive oil, half a fl. ounce. Tincture of opium, ten drops. Mix. To be administered every four hours, in the apyrexia of intermittents. Ellis. Gargle of Peruvian Bark. R. Tincture of Peruvian bark, Syrup of mulberries, each. four fl. drachms. Spirit of horseradish, one fl. drachm. Infusion of sage, six fl. ounces. Mix. In obstinate sore throat, when active inflammation has subsided. Cadet. Lotion of Peruvian Bark. R. Extract of Peruvian bark, Sulphuric ether, each, one drachm. Alcohol, seven drachms. Mix. As a friction, three times a day, in weakness of the back. Augustin. Peruvian Bark Beer. R. Bruised Peruvian bark, one and a half ounces. Cinnamon, two drachms. Grated nutmeg, seven drachms. Yeast, two ounces. Sugar, twenty-five ounces. Water, one hundred fl. ounces. Mix, and expose to a warm temperature. After fermentation, decant and strain. Three or four glasses to be taken during the apyrexia of intermittents. Ferrara Ph. Syrup of Cinchona. R. Powdered yellow cinchona, four troyounces. Alcohol of 30 per ct., 8 1 1 gat, each, forty tntyounccs. Water, suflicient. Displace the cinchona first with the alcohol, then with water to obtain forty troyounces of tincture; distil off alcohol, cool, filter, and with the sugar make syrup weighing sixty-one troyonncee. Paris Codex. Vinous Syrup of Cinchona. R. Extract of yellow cinchona, half a troyounce. Malaga wine, twenty-one troyounces and a half. Sugar, twenty-eight troyounces. Dissolve the extract in the wine, afterwards the sugar, and strain. Dose, a tablespoon- ful. Paris Codex. The vinous syrup of pale cinchona is made in the same manner, using a troyounce of extract. Syrup of Cinchona and Iron. R. Vinous syrup of pale cinchona, one hundred parts. Ammonio-citrate of iron, one part. Distilled water, two parts. Dissolve the salt in the water, and mix with syrup. Paris Codex. Wine of Cinchona. R. Yellow cinchona, bruised, three parts. Alcohol of 60 per ct., six parts. Macerate for twenty-four hours, and add Red wine, one hundred parts. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. Paris Codex. Ph. Germ, directs five parts of Calisaya to one hundred of red wine. Dose, one to two fluidounces. Compound Wine of Cinchona. R. Bruised yellow cinchona, ten parts. " bitter orange-peel, " chamomile, each, one part. Alcohol, of 80 per ct., ten parts. Good white wine, ninety parts. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. Dose, a tablespoonful. Paris Codex. Wine of Cinchona and Iron. R. Pyrophosphate of iron, ten parts. Extract of pale cinchona, five parts. White wine, one thousand parts. Dissolve and filter. Dose, a tablespoonful or two. Robiquet. Aromatic Fluid Extract of Cinchona. R. Yellow cinchona, sixteen troyounces. Calamus, ^ each, two Cardamom, y hundred and fifty- Ginger, ) six grains. CINCHONIA. 233 Sugar, nine troyounces and five drachms. Displace the cinchona in fine powder with diluted alcohol until four pints of tincture have been obtained ; reserve the first pint, distil and evaporate the remainder to six fluidounces, dissolve in it the sugar, add the reserved portion and strain while hot. Make up to two pints with tincture obtained by percolating the finely powdered aro- inatics with alcohol. Each teaspoonful represents thirty grains of Calisaya bark and one grain of each of the aromatics. Squibb. Elixir of Calisaya. R. Yellow cinchona, one troy ounce. Orange-peel, four drachms. Coriander, two drachms. Cochineal, one drachm. Displace the finely powdered articles with a mixture of twelve measures of deodorized alcohol and ten of water until twenty-two fluidounces are obtained, add twenty grains of tartaric acid and five fluidounces each of glycerin and syrup, and after standing a day, filter. Newark Ph. Assoc. Each fluidounce represents fifteen grains of Calisaya bark. CINCEONIA. ClNCHONIA. An alkaloid existing in Peruvian bark ; most abundant in the pale kinds. It is obtained from the mother waters, from which sulphate of quinia has been crystallized, by rendering them alkaline with soda, washing the precipitate with small quantities of cold alcohol to remove other alkaloids, dissolving residue in diluted sulphuric acid, decolorizing solution with animal charcoal, and crystallizing. By re- dissolving the crystals in acidulated water, precipitating with ammonia, washing with water and crystallizing from hot alcohol, cinchonia is obtained in white translucent crystals, which are almost insoluble in water, ammonia water, and ether, and have a bitter taste. Tartrate of cinchonia is obtained by pre- cipitating solution of sulphate of cinchonia with tartrate of potassium ; picrate and tan- nate of cinchonia are deposited on adding picric or tannic acid to solution of sulphate of cinchonia ; sulphate, muriate, nitrate, phosphate, and kinate of cinchonia are pre- pared by saturating the warm diluted acid with the alkaloid, and crystallizing. Pills of Cinchonia. R. Cinchonia, one scruple. Confection of roses, sufficient. Mix, and form twenty-four pills. Dose, two to p.icrht,. On Apt. to eight. Cadet. Fills of Sulphate of Cinchonia. R. Sulphate of cinchonia, half a drachm. Confection of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty pills. Dose, one to eight. Cadet. Bolus of Cinchonia. R. Sulphate of cinchonia, three grains. Crumb of bread, } Hone}r, v each, sufficient. Liquorice, ) Mix, and form a bolus. One every two hours. Brera. Syrup of Cinchonia. R. Sulphate of cinchonia, forty-eight grains. Syrup, one pint. Mix. A tablespoonful is a dose. Cadet. R. Sulphate of cinchonia, twentj^-four grains. Orange-flower water, two fl. drachms. Syrup, twelve fl. ounces. Mix. As above. Giordano. Wine of Cinchonia. R. Sulphate of cinchonia, twenty-four grains. Madeira wine, two pints. Make solution, and filter. Dose, one to four ounces. Cottereau. Tincture of Cinchonia. R. Sulphate of cinchonia, twelve grains. Alcohol, one ounce. Dissolve. Dose, a teaspoonful. Foy. Mixture of Sulphate of Cinchonia. R. Sulphate of cinchonia, three grains. Peppermint water, three ounces. Syrup of capillaire, one ounce. Mix. To be taken in four doses, during the day. Cadet, 234 CINNAMOMUM. CINNAMOMUM. Cinnamon. This is the bark of Cinnamomum Zeylani- cum, and C. aromaticum, and also, perhaps, of other species ; all natives of various parts of the tropical regions of Asia. That most commonly used in this country is what is termed cassia,in commerce, and is imported from China. Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lauraceas. Nees, Laurinese. 52. Griffith, Med. Bot. 555. Chinese cinnamon is in tubular pieces, of a light brownish-red color, of an aromatic, warm, agreeahle taste, and of a fragrant, peculiar smell. Ceylon cinnamon occurs in quills consisting of six or more strips of thin bark convoluted around each other ; it is much lighter in color, and more agreeable in odor and Taste ; it is the only kind recog- nized by Brit. Ph. Both kinds are warm cordial stimulants, and astringents. Dose, in powder, ten grains to a scruple. Compound Powder of Cinnamon. R. Powdered cinnamon, " cardamom seeds, " ginger, each, one ounce. Mix thoroughly. Brit. Ph. R. Powdered cinnamon, five parts. u cardamom fruit, three parts. " ginger, two parts. Mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. Stimulant, and carminative. Dose, ten to thirty grains, in debility of the stomach, with flatulence. See also Aromatic Pow- der, page 206. R. Powdered cinnamon, twenty grains, cloves, twelve grains. vanilla. six grams. six drachms. half an ounce. Pvice flour, Sugar, Mix. Dose, six grains to a scruple. Spiclmann. Cinnamon Lozenges. U. Powdered sugar, Cinnamon water, each, six ounces. Boil to syrup, and add Powdered sugar, one pound. Oil of cinnamon, one drachm and a half. Mix, make lozenges, and dry. Tdddei. Compound Electuary of Cinnamon. R. Confection of orange-peel, three ounces. " nutmeg, one ounce and a half. " ginger, six drachms. Powdered cinnamon, half an ounce. Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. Mix. Swediaur. Infusion of Cinnamon. R. Bruised cinnamon, half an ounce. Boiling water, two pints. Infuse. In dyspepsia and nervous colics. Radius. Compound Vinegar of Cinnamon. R. Cinnamon,) Cloves, >- each, one drachm. Nutmeg, ) Peppermint, half an ounce. Lavender, Rosemary, each, one ounce. Yinegar, eight fl. ounces. Diluted alcohol, twenty fl. ounces. Mix, and distil twenty-eight ounces. Used as an aromatic. Van Wine of Cinnamon. R. Powdered cinnamon, one troy- ounce Malaga wine, a pint. Macerate for a week, and filter. Btral. Compound "Wine of Cinnamon. R. Powdered cinnamon, "1 Cloves, Mace, Cardamom, White wine, Digest, filter, and add Suiiar, each, half a drachm. two pints. ten ounces. As a cordial stomachic and stimulant. Augustin. Tincture of Cinnamon. R. Cinnamon in powder, No. (10, three ounces. Alcohol, Water, each, sufficient. Displace with a mixture of two measures of alcohol to one of water, until two pints have been obtained. U. S. Ph. CINXAMOMUM. 235 Dose, one to four fl. drachms. A fluidounce represents forty-five grains, that of Brit. Ph. about fifty-tour, and that of Ph. Germ, and Paris Codex about ninety grains of cinnamon. Compound Tincture of Cinnamon. R. Bruised cinnamon, one ounce. " cardamom, half an ounce. B ginger, three drachms. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 1840. A warm, aromatic tincture, useful in flatulence, gastrodynia, etc. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. R. Cinnamon, four parts. Cardamom, Cloves, Galagal, Ginger, Alcohol (0.892), fifty parts. Digest for eight days, express, and filter. This is the aromatic tincture of Ph. Germ. each, one part. Tincture of Cinnamon Gargle. R. Tincture of cinnamon, one part. Syrup of currants, two parts. Peppermint water, sixteen parts. Mix. In malignant sore throat. Foy. Ethereal Tincture of Cinnamon. R. Bruised cinnamon, three drachms. " cardamom, half an ounce. u angelica, one drachm and a half. u long pepper, one drachm. Sulphuric ether, five fl. ounces. Diluted alcohol, ten fl. ounces. Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Stomachic and carminative. Dose, thirty to fifty drops. Niemann. Spirit of Cinnamon. Essence of Cinnamon. R. Oil of cinnamon, one fl. ounce. Stronger alcohol, fifteen fl. ounces. Dissolve. Dose, twenty to thirty minims. U. S. Ph. R. Powdered cinnamon, one part. Alcohol of 80 per ct., eight parts. Macerate for four days, add some water, and distil iu water-bath eight parts. Paris Codex. Dose, a teaspoonful. The compound spirit of cinnamon of Paris Codex contains twenty-two aroma- tics. Cinnamon Water. R. Oil of cinnamon, half fl. drachm. Carbonate of magnesium, one drachm. Distilled water, two pints. Eub the oil with the magnesia, and both with the water, and filter. U. S. Ph. R. Cinnamon in powder, No. 20, nine troy ounces. Water, eight pints. Macerate, and distil four pints. U. S. Ph. Cinnamon water of Brit. Ph. is of same strength. Paris Codex distils from one part of cinnamon four parts, and Ph. Germ. ten parts of water. Mostly employed as a vehicle or adjuvant to other medicines ; the distilled cinnamon water is most pleasant. Spirituous (Vinous) Cinnamon Water. R. Bruised cinnamon, one part. Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.892, one part. Water, ten parts. Macerate, and distil five parts. Ph. Germ. More stimulating than the former. Syrup of Cinnamon. R. Cinnamon, bruised, two parts. Spirituous cinnamon water, twelve parts. Hose water, two parts. Macerate for two days, and in eleven parts of the filtrate dissolve Sugar, eighteen parts. Ph. Germ. Oil of Cinnamon. R. Bruised cinnamon, five parts. Water, twenty parts. Macerate for two days, and add Sea salt, one part. Distil five parts, separate the oil, return the distilled water, and distil again ; repeat this operation as long as any oil is obtain d. Paris Codex. Cinnamon Spice Plaster. R. Olibanum, three ounces. Yellow wax, half an ounce. Powdered cinnamon, six drachms. 236 COCCULUS. — COCHLEARIA Oil of pimento, " lemons, each, two drachms. Melt the wax and olibanum, and add the cinnamon, rubbed with the oils. Coxe. COCCULUS. Cocculus Indicus. This is the fruit of Anamirta cocculus, a woody vine, native of the East Indies. Hex. Syst. Dicec. dodecand. Nat. Syst. Menispermacese. Wight and Arnott, 1, 446. Griffith, Med. Bot. 105. The berries are about the size of a pea, roundish kidney shaped, with a thin, dry, blackish, external coat, inclosing another of a lighter color, containing an oily, bitter, white kernel. They are inodorous, but of a permanent, bitter taste. They are acro-nar- cotic, and owe their properties to the pre- sence of a peculiar principle, called picro- toxin. They are seldom used in medicine. Ointment of Cocculus Indicus. R. Cocculus indicus, at will. Separate the kernels, beat them in a mor- tar ; first alone, then with a little lard ; finally, add lard equal to five times the weight of kernels. Ed. Ph. Used for the destruction of vermin, and in the treatment of ringworms and scabies of the scalp. R Ointment of Picrotoxin. Picrotoxin, six grains. Lard, one ounce. Mil well. In tinea. Radius. COCCUS. Cochineal. Cochineal is a small, hemipterous insect, inhabiting Mexico and some parts of South America, living principally on different Bpecies of cactus, and especially the Opuntia cochinillifera. It is in grains of a reddish- black color, often covered with a white powder. It lias a feeble odor, and a bit- terish, Bomewhat acidulous taste. The powder is of a reddish-purple color, tinging fluids of a deep n-. Linn. Sp. PI. 337. Griffith, Med. Bot. 315. It is thought to be diuretic, and was also esteemed aphrodisiac. The part used is the root, which has a sweet, agreeable taste, and an aromatic odor. Oil of Erigeron. Ii. Fresh Canada erigeron, .it will. Water, sufficient. 2. ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM. Button Snakeroot. A native species, growing in wet places, from Virginia to Florida. Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2, p. 336. Torrey&Gray, Fl. 1, 004. EUCALYPTUS. EUPATOEIUM. 275 The root is bitter, aromatic, and pungent. It is diaphoretic and expectorant, and is useful in the same cases to which senega is appropriate. Used to some extent in South Carolina. EUCALYPTUS. This is an interesting genus of Australian trees, of the natural order Myrtacece. Many yield volatile oils, astringent extracts, or resins, and will probably be employed medi- cinally in the future. At present two species have attracted attention, one, E. resiriifera, yielding the so-called Botany Bay kino. EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. Blue Gum Tree. — Fever Tree. Indigenous to Victoria and Tasmania, and cultivated in America and Southern Europe as an ornamental and shade tree. The leaves and the volatile oil obtained from them, have been used; the former are thick, leathery, several inches in length, of an agreeable odor, and an aromatic styptic taste. The volatile oil resembles oil of caj- eput. Dose of the leaves, one to four drachms ; of the oil, one or two drops. Infusion of Eucalyptus. R. Eucalyptus leaves, cut, two drachms. Boiling water, Infuse and strain, evening. Take four ounces. morning and Chernovis. Tincture of Eucalyptus. R. Eucalyptus leaves, cut, one part. Alcohol, 80 per ct., five parts. Digest for five days, and filter. Dose, a tea- to a dessertspoonful. Dorvault. R. Syrup of Eucalyptus. Distilled water of eucalyptus, fifty parts. ninet}^-five parts. As an agreeable vehicle and Dorvault. Sugar. Dissolve. corrective. Extract of Eucalyptus. R. Eucalyptus leaves, cut, at will. Distil the volatile oil with water ; exhaust the residue in the still with water, prepare an extract, exhaust this with alcohol, evapo- rate to the consistence of an extract, and while cooling, stir in the volatile oil. Dose, two to eight grains. EUONYMUS. Spindle Tree. Two indigenous species have been used in medicine, E. Americanus, or strawberry tree, and E. atropurpureus, or wahoo. The latter is a tall shrub with elliptic ovate leaves, dark purple flowers, and copious crimson fruit, drooping on long peduncles. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monogyn. Nat. Syst. Celastraceae. The bark is the officinal part ; it is of a grayish color, with black streaks externally, is without odor, and has a bitter taste, which is due to a neutral principle called euony- min. It acts as a cathartic, and is regarded to possess alterative properties. Dose, a scruple to a drachm, given in the form of infusion. EUPATORIUM. BONESET. This, the E. perfoliatum, is a native plant, found in abundance in most parts of the United States, in moist situations. Several other native species are almost identical in their properties, as E. teucrifolium, E. aro- rnaticum, etc. Sex. Syst. Syngen. sequal. Nat. Syst. As- teracese. The parts used are the leaves and tops. These have a faint odor, and a peculiar, bitter taste. It is tonic and diaphoretic, and, in large doses, emetic and laxative. Dose, in substance, as a tonic, twenty to thirty grains. Infusion of Boneset. R. Boneset, Boiling water, Infuse for two hours, and strain. As a diaphoretic, one ounce. one pint. a covered vessel, U. S. Ph. to be taken freely, warm ; as a tonic, a fl. ounce, cold. Decoction of Boneset. R. Boneset, one ounce. Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to a pint. Dose, a wineglassful, or more, as an emetic and cathartic. Compound Infusion of Boneset. R. Boneset, Sage, each, half an ounce. Cascarilla, one drachm. Boiling water, one pint and a half. Infuse till cold, and strain. A wineglass- ful every three or four hours. In hectic fever. Ellis, 276 EUPHORBIA EUPHORBIA. Spurge. EUPHORBIUM. 1. EUPHORBIA COROLLATA. Bowman's Root. A native plant, with numerous white flowers, found in many parts of the United States, in dry, sandy soils. Sex. Syst. Dodecand. trigyn. Nat, Syst. Eupborbiacese. Liun. Sp. PI. 258. Griffith, Med. Bot. 592. The root, which is the part used, is large, white internally, inodorous, and almost tasteless. It is a safe and certain emetic, in doses of fifteen or twenty grains, and dia- phoretic in that of three or four grains. 2. EUPHORBIA IPECAC- UANHA. Wild Ipecacuanha. This is also a native plant, with numerous procumbent stems, and variously-shaped Linn. Sp. PI. 653. Griffith, Med. Bot. 592. Tbe root, the part used, is large, white, almost inodorous, and has a somewhat sweet taste. It is an energetic emetic, but, like the last species, apt to act on the bowels. Dose, ten to fifteen grains. Compound Powder of Wild Ipecac- uanha. R. Powdered wild ipecacuanha, " opium, each, six grains. Sulphate of potassium, forty-eight grains. Triturate well, and divide into six powders. As a substitute for Dover's powder, to which it is equal, if not superior. W. P. C. Barton. 3. EUPHORBIA HYPERICI- FOLIA. Black Purslane. A small, procumbent, native plant, with leaves often marked with a purple spot. Linn. Sp. PI, 652. Griffith, Med. Bot. 593. The whole plant is used, and is said to be astringent and narcotic. It is inodorous, bni h;is a sweetish, somewhat austere taste. It has been recommended in diarrhoea, fluor albus, etc. Infusion of Black Purslane. J£. Dried black purslane, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for half an hour, and strain. Dose, in dysentery and diarrhoea, a tablespoonful every hour, till the morbid symptoms yield, then less frequently; in menorrhagia and leucorrhcea, a wineglassful, three times a day. Zollickoffer. 4. EUPHORBIA LATHYRIS. Mole Plant. A tall species, native of Europe, but often cultivated in this country. Linn. Sp. PI. 655. Liudley, Flor. Med. 194. The seeds, which are the officinal portion, yield to ether, a purgative oil, which is taste- less, and almost inodorous. It acts on the bowels, in doses of from four to twelve drops, but is apt to cause nausea and vomiting. Mixture of Oil of Euphorbia. B. Oil of euphorbia, eight drops. Powdered gum Arabic, one drachm. Sugar, two ounces. Distilled water, three fl. ounces. Mix. As a purgative draught. Pichonnier. EUPHORBIUM. EUPHORBIUM Is the concrete gum-resinous exudation of Euphorbia resinifera, and perhaps ob- tained from several succulent species, prin- cipally natives of Africa. It is in the form of tears, or small, irregular masses, of a yel- lowish or reddish color. The taste is at first slight, but soon becomes acrid and burn- ing ; the odor is very faint. It is a violent emetic and purgative, and is not used inter- nally ; as an external application it is em- ployed in Europe, and also as a sternuta- tory. Sternutatory of Euphorbium. R. Powdered euphorbium, one drachm. " white hellebore, four scruples. Mix. Very violent in its action. Pierquin. B Tincture of Euphorbium. Euphorbium, bruised, one part. Alcohol, five parts. Digest for eight days. As a rubefacient. Ph. Germ. EUPHRASIA. FERRI RAMENTA. 277 Oil of Euphorbium. R. Euphorbium, one part. Olive oil, ten parts. Digest for ten days, and filter. As a fric- tion in paralysis. Van Mons. Plaster of Euphorbium. B. Burgundy pitch, sixteen parts. Turpentine, three parts. Melt together, and add Powdered euphorbium, four parts. Stir till cold. Stimulating and rubefacient. This is a simplified formula for the prep- aration formerly known as capuchin oint- ment. Hager. EUPHRASIA. Eyebright. The Euphrasia officinalis is a small, annual plant, a native of Europe and the northern parts of Asia and America. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. Scroph ulariacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 841. Lindley, Flor. Med. 506. The whole plant is used. It is slightly hitter and aromatic, and, at one time, was much used in diseases of the eyes. Dr. Kranichfeld says it is peculiarly beneficial in catarrhal ophthalmia, and also in cough and other catarrhal affections. F. EEL BOYINUM. Ox Gall. — Ox Bile. A greenish-yellow viscous liquid, obtained from the gall-bladder of the ox. It has a peculiar odor, and a disagreeable bitter taste. Pel Bovinum Purificatum. R. Eresh ox bile, one pint. Alcohol, two pints Mix well, and, after twelve hours, decant the clear solution and evaporate it by a water-bath, to a pilular consistence. Dose, five to ten grains. Brit. Ph. Ph. Germ, treats the alcoholic solution with animal charcoal, and evaporates to dryness. Used in some forms of dyspepsia, func- tional diseases of the liver, etc. ; usually combined with other medicines. FERMENTUM CEREVISL^E. Beer Yeast. It is a viscid, thick, frothy liquid, exhibit- ing under the microscope numerous round or oval confervoid cells. It is stimulant and antiseptic, in doses of one to two tablespoon- fuls, but is chiefly used externally. B. Mixture of Yeast. Beer yeast, ten fl. ounces. Camphor, thirty grains. Spirit of nitrous ether, half a fl. ounce. Mix. Dose, a fluidounce every hour or two. Kecommended in typhus and typhoid fevers. Lamprey. Yeast Poultice. R. Beer yeast, six fl. ounces. Wheaten flour, fourteen ounces. Water at 100°, six fl. ounces. Mix the yeast and the water, stir in the flour, and place the mass near the fire till it rises. Brit. Ph. Used in fetid and gangrenous ulcers. FERRUM. Iron. A solid, hard, malleable, ductile metal, of a silvery-white color and fibrous texture, attracted by the magnet, of a slight styptic taste, and a faint but peculiar odor when rubbed. Oxidizable in the air, and when heated to whiteness, burning with great brilliancy. It is employed medicinally in a great number of forms, in the metallic state, as oxides and salts. All these are power- fully tonic and astringent. FERRI FILUM Iron Wire. EERRI RAMENTA. Iron Filings. These should always be perfectly pure, when used internally, and in a state of mi- nute division. 78 PEERI EAMEXTA Perri Purvis. Prepared Metallic Iron. R. Iron filings, at will. Pound in an iron mortar, with great force, sift through a fine sieve, and porphyrize until all metallic brilliancy has disappeared, and again sift. Keep in a perfectly dry place. Paris Codex. Dose, from five to twenty grains. The following is preferable for medicinal use, it being much purer. Reduced Iron. R. Place pure precipitated carbonate of iron on a tray of sheet-iron, in a tube of wrought iron ; pass a stream of pure hydrogen through it, heat to a dull red, and maintain this for some hours, as long as the escaping hydrogen is accompanied by water. Then remove from the fire and keep up a small current of gas till cool. Should any portion of the product be black instead of iron-gray, separate it for use in a subsequent opera- tion ; reduce the gray portion to powder. U. S. Ph. Dose, two to five grains every three hours. Powder of Metallic Iron. R. Prepared metallic iron, ten grains. Sugar, one drachm. Mix. To be given four times a day, in chlorosis and amenorrhcea. Brera. Compound Powder of Metallic Iron. R. Prepared metallic iron, Powdered guaiacum, each, half a drachm. Prepared oyster shell, half an ounce. Sugar, three drachms. Mix. Divide into ten powders ; one, twice a day, in scrofula. Gvdis. R. Prepared metallic iron, Powdered cinnamon, each, half a drachm. Sugar, three drachms. Mix, Mid divide into twelve powders. One every three hours as a tonic. Guibourt. R. Prepared metallic iron, one grain. Carbonate of magnesium, five grains. Powdered cinnamon, two grains. " sugar, one scruple. Mix. One-half in the morning, the other in the evening, in rachitis. Huf eland. R. Prepared metallic iron,) each, Powdered anise, v two • Castor, ) drachms. Powdered cinnamon, " nutmeg, each, one drachm. Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. One, morning and evening, in chlorosis. St. Marie. Bolus of Prepared Iron. R. Prepared metallic iron, Powdered myrrh, each, ten grains. Aromatic powder, two grains. Powder of rosemary, half a drachm. Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. Make a bolus. To be taken morning and evening, in amenorrhcea. Augustin. Pills of Prepared Iron. R. Prepared metallic iron, two ounces. Extract of wormwood, sufficient. Mix, and make six-grain pills. Three or four, morning and evening, in chlorosis, dyspepsia, etc. Soubeiran. R. Prepared metallic iron, one drachm. Powdered black hellebore, one scruple. Extract of gentian, two drachms. Syrup of saffron, sufficient. Mix, and form sixty pills. Two, three times a day, as an emmenagogue. St. Marie. R. Prepared metallic iron, half an ounce. Powdered Colombo, four scruples. " rhubarb, " cinnamon, each, two scruples. Extract of quassia, sufficient. Mix, and form pills of three grains each. Three to four a day, as a tonic in debility. John. FERRI ACETAS. — FEEEUM AMMONI ATUM. 279 Lozenges of Reduced Iron. R. Reduced iron, seven hundred and twenty grains. Powdered sugar, twenty-five ounces. " gum acacia, one ounce. Mucilage of gum acacia, two fl. ounces. Mix the powders, add the mucilage, and with water form a mass, which divide into 720 lozenges. Dose, one to six. Brit. Ph. one Wine of Iron. R. Iron wire (about No. 35), ounce. Sherry wine, twenty fl. ounces. Macerate for thirty days in a closed vessel, the iron being not quite wholly immersed, the vessel frequently shaken, and the stop- per removed; then filter. Dose, one to four fl. drachms. Brit. Ph. Aromatic Mixture of Iron. R. Pale cinchona, in powder, one ounce. Calumba, in coarse powder, half an ounce. Cloves, bruised, a quarter of an ounce. Fine iron wire, half an ounce. Compound tincture of cardamom, three fl. ounces. Tincture of orange-peel, half a fl. ounce. Peppermint water, sufficient. Macerate the solid substances with twelve fl. ounces of peppermint water for three days, agitating occasionally ; then filter, adding as much peppermint water to the filter, to obtain twelve fl. ounces, and mix with the tinctures. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Brit. Ph. PERRI ACETAS. Acetate of Iron. R. Hydrated oxide of iron, Recently precipitated by ammonia and well washed with cold water, is digested with sufficient acetic acid for six hours at a temperature below 140°, then set aside for twelve hours, and the clear liquid decanted (not filtered) and evaporated between 140° and 188°. Swiss Ph. It has a brown-red color, is freely soluble in water and alcohol, and contains about half its weight of oxide of iron. Solution of Acetate of Iron. R. Solution of tersulphate of iron, ten parts. Distilled water, thirty parts. Mix, and precipitate with an excess of am- monia water previously diluted with twenty times its weight of distilled water. Wash the precipitate well, and express it in a strainer until it weighs five parts. Mix this in a bottle with Acetic acid, sp. gr. 1.040, six parts. Agitate occasionally in a cool place during two days, and filter. The solution should weigh ten parts, has a specific gravity of 1.134 to 1.138, and contains 8 per cent, of iron. Ph. Germ. Tincture of Acetate of Iron. R. Acetate of potassium, two ounces. Solution of persulphate of iron, two and a half fl. ounces. Rectified spirit, sufficient. Dissolve the acetate in ten fl. ounces, and the iron solution in eight fl. ounces of alco- hol. Mix and agitate repeatedly during an hour. Then filter and pass sufficient alcohol through the precipitate upon the filter to make the tincture measure one pint imperial. Dose, five to thirty minims. Brit. Ph. R. Liquid acetate of iron, one part. Alcohol, 56 pr. ct., seven parts. Digest for two days, and filter. Dose, ten to fifty drops. Guibourt. Ethereal Tincture of Acetate of Iron. R. Liquid acetate of iron, nine parts. Acetic ether, one part. Alcohol, two parts. Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty drops. Ph. Germ. Acetate of Iron and Aluminum. R. Sulphate of iron, two parts. Alum, one part. Boiling water, ten parts. Filter the solution, and gradually add solu- tion of acetate of lead till precipitation ceases ; let rest, and filter ; evaporate to consistence of a jelly. As a marking ink ; it resists alkalies, but not acids. Guibourt. FERRUM AMMONIATUM. Ammoniated Iron. R. Chloride of ammonium, sixteen parts. 280 FEEEI AESENIAS. FEEEI BROMIDUM Distilled water, thirty-two parts. Liquid perchloride of iron, three parts. Dissolve, mix, evaporate to dryness, and powder. Ph. Germ. Said to be useful in amenorrhoea, scrofula, epilepsy, etc. Dose, four to twelve grains, several times a day. Compound Powder of Ammoniated Iron. R. Ammoniated iron, five grains. Ammoniac, three grains. Powdered seneka, five grains. " liquorice, one drachm. Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, every three hours, in gonorrhoea. Foy. Bolus of Ammoniated Iron. R. Ammoniated iron, five grains. Aromatic powder, twelve grains. Mucilage, sufficient. Mix, and make bolus. One to be taken twice a day, in chlorosis and scrofula. Ainslie. Fills of Ammoniated Iron. R. Ammoniated iron, Galbanum, each, one drachm. Assafetida, two drachms. Castor, one scruple. Tincture of valerian, sufficient. Beat into mass, and form pills of three grains. Two, morning and evening, in atonic nervous disorders. Radius. each, half a drachm. R. Ammoniated iron, Aromatic powder, Ext. of Peruvian bark, Alum, Oil of cinnamon, twelve drops. Beat into mass, and form pills . of two grains. Five to ten, morning and evening, in asthenic menorrhagia. Forney. Mixture of Ammoniated Iron. R. Powdered galanga, " rhubarb, each, half a drachm. Boiling water, sufficient to obtain three ounces of strained solution ; add Ammoniated iron, six grains. Peppermint sugar, four drachms. Mix. A dessertspoonful, every three hours, in indigestion and chronic diarrhoea of children. Wendt, FERRI ARSENIAS. Arseniate op Iron. R. Sulphate of iron, nine ounces. Arseniate of sodium, dried at 300°, four ounces. Acetate of sodium, three ounces. Dissolve the two sodium salts in two pints, and the iron salt in three pints of water ; mix the solutions, wash the precipitate well, squeeze out the water, and dry it at 100 J . Brit. Ph. A greenish, tasteless powder, soluble in the stronger acids. Dose, one-sixteenth to half a grain. Pills of Arseniate of Iron. R. Arseniate of iron, three grains. Extract of hops, two drachms. Powdered marshmallow, thirty grains. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make into forty-eight pills. Dose, one or two daily, in scrofulous, herpetic, and cancerous affections. Biett. Ointment of Arseniate of Iron. R. Arseniate of iron, half a drachm. Phosphate of iron, two drachms. Spermaceti cerate, six drachms. Triturate together. As an application to cancerous ulcers. To be used with great caution. Carmichael. FERRI BROMIDUM. Bromide of Iron. R. Bromine, one part. Distilled water, twenty parts. Iron filings, sufficient. Digest together ; when the solution becomes greenish, filter, and evaporate to dryness. Magendie. Dose, one to three grains in pills. Syrup of Bromide of Iron. R. Bromine, nine drachms. Iron (card teeth), four drachms and a half. Sugar, ten troyounccs. Water, sufficient. Mix the iron and bromine with five fluid- ounces of water, digest ; when the color has changed to green, filter into a bottle con- taining the sugar, and wash the filter with water to make with the sugar one pint of syrup. Dose, ten to twenty minims. W. S. Thompson. FEKEI CAEBOKAS 281 Pills of Bromide of Iron. R. Bromide of iron, twelve grains. Conserve of roses, eighteen grains. Gum Arabic, twelve grains. Mix, and form twenty pills. Two, in the morning and evening, as a tonic aud altera- tive. Maqendie. R. Bromide of iron, one drachm. Extract of liquorice, sufficient. Mix, and make sixty pills. One or two, in the morning and evening, in scrofula, etc. Radius. Ointment of Bromide of Iron. R. Bromide of iron, Bromine, Lard, one drachm, twelve grains, one ounce. Mix. In frictions on the inside of the thighs, in amenorrhea a. Cadet. R. Bromide of iron, one part. Glycerin, one part. Lard, fourteen parts. Mix thoroughly. As an application to scrofulous swellings. Draper. FERRI CARBONAS. Carbonate of Iron. From the avidity with which protocar- bonate of iron absorbs oxygen from the air and loses its carbonic acid, it is a very un- stable preparation ; and therefore what is usually prescribed under this name is merely a subcarbonate, or sesquioxide. By com- bination with saccharine matter, it, how- ever, is protected from the oxidizing pro- cess, to a very great extent. Saccharated Carbonate of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron, five parts. Bicarbonate of sodium, four parts. Powdered sugar, eight parts. Water, sufficient. Dissolve the iron salt in twenty, and the sodium salt in fifty parts of water, add the former solution slowly to the latter con- tained in a bottle, wash the precipitate by decantation, squeeze out the water, mix with the sugar, and dry it in a porcelain capsule upon a water-bath. ■ Ph. Germ. Brit. Ph. precipiates two ounces of sul- phate of iron, with one and a quarter ounce of carbonate of ammonium, and mixes the precipitate with one ounce of sugar. It contains over forty per cent, carbonate of iron, and is twice the strength of the former. Dose, from five to twenty grains. Effervescent Ferruginous Powder. R. Bicarbonate of sodium, sixty parts. Sulphate of iron, three parts. Tartaric acid, ' eighty parts. Sugar, two hundred and sixty parts. Mix together, the tartaric acid being in rather coarse powder. Paris Codex. Twenty grammes yield with one litre of water a suitable effervescing solution. Pills of Carbonate of Iron. (Vallet's Mass.) R. Sulphate of iron, eight troyounces. Carbonate of sodium, nine troyounces. Clarified honey, three troyounces. Sugar, two troyounces. Syrup, sufficient. Boiling water, two pints. Dissolve the sulphate and carbonate, each in a pint of water, adding to each solution one fl. ounce of syrup ; mix the two solutions in a bottle just large enough to hold the mixture, close accurately with a stopper, and set by to let the carbonate of iron sub- side ; decant, wash precipitate with water sweetened with syrup, in the proportion of a fl. ounce to the pint, until the washings cease to be saline ; express, in flannel, as much of the water as possible, and mix with the honey. Heat over a water-bath, to proper consistence. This is known as Vallet's carbonate of iron. Dose, from ten to thirty grains, in the course of the day, where iron is indicated. U. S. Ph. R. Saccharated carbonate of iron, one ounce. Confection of roses, a quarter ounce. Beat together. Brit. Ph. Subcarbonate of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron, eight toxtyounces. Carbonate of sodium, nine troyounces. Boiling water, eight pints. Dissolve the sulphate and carbonate, each in four pints of the water, mix the solu- tions, stir, set by for powder to subside, decant, wash the precipitate with hot water, wrap in bibulous paper, and dry with gentle heat. U. S. Ph. Dose, five to thirty grains, or even more, several times a day. 282 FERRI CARBONAS. Powder of Subcarbonate of Iron. R. Subcarbonate of iron, one drachm. Divide into six powders. One every six hours, in syrup. In chorea, neuralgia, etc. Ellis. Mixture of Subcarbonate of Iron. R. Powdered myrrh, one drachm. Sulphate of iron, one scruple. Carbonate of potassium, one drachm. Sugar, two drachms. Water, six fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, according- to circumstances. Ellis. one drachm. Compound Iron Mixture. R. Myrrh, Sugar, each, Carbonate of potassium, twenty-five grains. Rose-water, seven fl. ounces and a half. Powdered sulphate of iron, one scruple. Spirit of lavender, half a fl. ounce. Rub the myrrh, sugar, and carbonate with the rose-water, gradually added, then with the spirit of lavender, and lastly, with the iron ; pour immediately into a well-stopped bottle, and keep closed. U. S. Ph. These are well known under the name of Griffith's anti-hectic mixture. A modified formula by Bond directs to flavor with oils of partridgeberry and of nutmeg instead of rose-water and lavender. Brit. Ph. di- rects rose-water and spirit of nutmeg as flavors. Dose, one or two fl. ounces, two or three times a day, in chlorosis, debility of the gastric organs, etc. Artificial Chalybeate "Water. R. Water, fifty pints. Carbonate of calcium, five drachms. " magnesium, ten drachms. Black oxide of iron, two drachms. Sulphate of magnesium, six drachms. Common salt. one drachm. Mix, and condense a thousand cubic inches of carbonic acid in the solution. Swediaur. Lozenges of Subcarbonate of Iron. R. Subcarbonate of iron, five troyounces. Vanilla, thirty grains. Powdered sugar, fifteen troyounces. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Kub the vanilla with a part of the sugar into a uniform powder, mix with the other powders, and with the mucilage form a mass to be divided into four hundred and eighty troches. U. S. Ph. Compound Pills of Subcarbonate of Iron. R. Powdered foxglove, half a drachm. " yew leaves, Carbonate of iron, each, one drachm. Ergot, two drachms. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make two hundred and fifty pills. Two to eight a day, with an infusion of savine, in chlorosis and amenorrhcea. Neumann. R. Powdered myrrh, thirty-six grains. Carbonate of sodium, Sulphate of iron, each, eighteen grains. Syrup, sufficient. Rub the myrrh with the carbonate of so- dium, then with the sulphate of iron, and beat with syrup into a mass, and divide into twenty-four pills. U. S. Ph. Officinal in some pharmacopoeias as Griffith's pills. Dose, two to six pills, three times a day. R. Sulphate of iron, Carbonate of potassium, each, two drachms. Powdered tragacanth, thirty grains. Syrup, five drops. Rub the salts together, add the tragacanth and syrup, and form sixty pills. These are known as Maud's pills. Dose, one or two, gradually increased. R. Sulphate of iron, Myrrh, each, two scruples. Carbonate of potassium, Soap, each, half a drachm. Beat together, and form forty pills. Dose, two, three times a day, as an emmenagogue. Ellis. FEEKI CAEBUEETUM. — PEEEI CHLOETDUM. 283 R. Subcarbonate of iron, Extract of coniuru, each, one drachm. Mix, and divide into twenty-four pills. Two to be taken twice a day. Given in fluor albus and scrofula. A. T. Thomson. Iron "Wine. R. Carbonate of iron, one ounce and a half. Contused orange-peel, " gentian, each, Port wine, half an ounce, two pints. Mix, and digest at a moderate heat for three days, repeatedly agitating. Chapman. R Iron Plaster. Subcarbonate of iron, three troy ounces. Lead plaster, twenty-four troyounces. Burgundy pitch, six troyounces. Add the subcarbonate to the other ingre- dients previously melted together, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. As a strengthening plaster, in pains, and want of power in the muscles. FERRI CARBURETUM. Carburet op Iron. This article, well known as Plumbago, or Black Lead, had been highly recommended in cutaneous affections, and was recognized as officinal by many of the pharmacopoeias of continental Europe, but has fallen into disuse. Prepared Carburet of Iron. R. Pulverized carburet of iron, one pound. Boil in water for an hour, decant, and di- gest in eight ounces of water, mixed with two ounces of nitric and muriatic acids ; digest for twenty-four hours, decant, and wash well with water, and dry. Dose, from five to fifteen grains, two or three times a day. Pruss. Ph. 1829. Pills of Carburet of Iron. R. Powdered carburet of iron, Extract of bittersweet, each, one drachm. Calomel, twelve grains. Golden sulphuret of antimony, Extract of liquorice, Mix, and form sixty pills. Dose, five, three times a day. Niemann. six grains, sufficient. Mixture of Carburet of Iron. R. Powdered carburet of iron, Sulphur, each, one drachm. Triturate together, and add Barley water, one pint. To be taken in four doses. In psora, etc. Brera. Ointment of Carburet of Iron. R. Powdered carburet of iron, half an ounce. Flowers of zinc, ' one drachm. Lard, Triturate together, herpetic affections. one ounce. As an application in Brera. FERRI CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Iron. R. Iron wire, two troyounces. Muriatic acid, eight troyounces. Digest in a flask until effervescence has ceased, filter, add four troyounces of muri- atic acid, heat to near the boiling point, and add a troyounce or sufficient nitric acid until red fumes are no longer evolved and a drop of the liquid ceases to yield a blue precipi- tate with ferridcyanide of potassium. Evap- orate by a gentle heat until reduced to eight and three-quarter troyounces ; set aside until a solid crystalline mass is formed, and keep this in a glass-stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. Chloride of Iron and Acetate of Lead. R. Liquid chloride of iron, four ounces. Evaporate to one-half, and add Acetate of lead, four ounces. Dry, and pulverize. Four to twelve grains in hemorrhages. Cadet de Gassicourt. Solution of Chloride of Iron. R. Iron wire, three troyounces. Muriatic acid, eleven troyounces. Saturate the acid with the iron in a glass flask, heat to boiling, filter the liquid, rinse the flask with a little boiling distilled water and pour it upon the filter. To the filtrate, put into a four-pint capsule, add six and a 284 FEERI CHLOEIDUM, half troyounces of muriatic acid, heat nearly to the boiling point, add a troyounce and a half of nitric acid or sufficient until it ceases to evolve red fumes. When cool add to the liquid enough water to make it measure a pint. U. 8. Ph. Its specific gravity is 1.355. Employed as a hemostatic, but chiefly for making the tincture. The corresponding preparation of Ph. Germ, has a specific gravity of 1.48, and contains 43.5 per cent, of anhydrous sesquichloride of iron. Paris Codex oxi- dizes the solution of protochloride of iron with gaseous chlorine ; the finished prepa- ration has the specific gravity 1.26. Brit. Ph. operates with nitric acid ; its stronger solution of 'per chloride of iron has the specific gravity 1.338 ; by diluting this with three measures of distilled water, the solution of per chloride of iron is obtained. The preparations of the last three pharma- copoeias contain no excess of muriatic acid. Tincture of Chloride of Iron. R. Solution of chloride of iron, half a pint. Alcohol, a pint and a half. Mix. Dose, ten to thirty drops, gradually increased, two or three times a day. U.S. Ph. The tincture of perchloride of iron, Brit. Ph., is made in the same proportions as the preceding, from the stronger solution of the perchloride. Syrup of Chloride of Iron. R. Liquid chloride of iron, one part. Syrup, sixty-seven parts. Mix. Dose, one to four drachms. Paris Codex. Chloride of Iron Mixture. R. Saffron, half a drachm. Water, four fl. ounces. Infuse for an hour, strain, and add Chloride of iron, half a drachm. Syrup of valerian, two ounces. Mix. Dose, a tablespoon ful several times a day, in hemorrhage or chlorosis. Cadet de Gassicourt. R. Mallow root, two drachms. Water, sufficient to obtain two ounces of decoction ; strain, and add (linn Arabic, two drachms. Chloride of iron, half a SCFUple. Syrup of mallow, six drachms. Mix. Two teaspoonfuls, every hour or two, in softening of the stomach. Radius. R. Tincture of chloride of iron, Compound tincture of aloes, each, half a fl. ounce. Tincture of castor, two fl. drachms. Mix. Ten to thirty drops, three times a day, in infusion of chamomile, as an em- menagogue. Ellis. Ethereal, or BestuchefFs Tincture of Chloride of Iron. R. Solution of sesqui- chloride of iron, one part. Spirit of ether, fourteen parts. Mix, expose to the sunlight until the liquid becomes colorless, and afterwards in a shady place to the air until it has again assumed a yellowish color. Ph. Germ, Much used in Europe. Dose, ten to thirty drops. Protochloride of Iron. R. Muriatic acid, five hundred and twenty parts. Iron filings, one hundred and ten parts. Digest until the acid is saturated, filter,, and evaporate rapidly until a pellicle forms ; add one part of muriatic acid, agitate well, so that a crystalline powder is obtained on cooling. Ph. Germ. Liquid Protochloride of Iron. R. Muriatic acid, five hundred and twenty parts. It is saturated with iron as before, to the filtrate is added one part of muriatic acid and sufficient distilled water to make the whole weight one thousand parts. Ph. Germ. Contains ten per cent, of iron ; used for ferruginous baths ; must be kept in small well-stopped bottles. Tincture of Protochloride of Iron. R. Protochloride of iron, recently prepared, twenty-five parts. Alcohol, sp. gr. .892, two hundred and twenty-five parts. Muriatic acid, one part. Dissolve, mix, and keep in small well- stopped bottles. Dose, ten to thirty drops. Ph. Germ. FERRI CITRAS. — FEREI ET AMMOXII CITEAS. 285 FE RRI CITRAS. Citrate of Iron. R. Solution of citrate of iron, at will. Evaporate at 140° to the consistence of a syrup, spread on plates of glass and dry. U. S. Ph. Garnet-red scales, less freely soluble than the citrate of iron and ammonium. Dose, five to eight grains. Solution of Citrate of Iron. R. Citric acid, in coarse powder, five troyouuces and six drachms. Solution of tersulphate of iron, a pint. Water of ammonia, twenty fl. ounces. Distilled water, sufficient. Dilute the iron solution and ammonia water each with two pints of water, mix, collect the precipitate on a strainer and wash with water; drain, put one-half into a porcelain capsule, on a water-bath of 140°, add the citiic acid, and stir until nearly dissolved. Then add enough of the remaining precipi- tate to saturate the acid, filter, and evapo- rate below 140° to one pint. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to twenty minims. Tincture of Citrate of Iron. R. Liquid citrate of iron, two ounces. Diluted alcohol, thirteen fi. ounces. Spirit of citron, one fl. ounce. Mix. Dose, ten to fifty drops. Beral. Syrup of Citrate of Iron. R. Citrate of iron, one ounce. Syrup, five fl. ounces. Dissolve. Dose, thirty drops to a teaspoon- ful. E. Parrish. R. Ammonio-citrate of iron, Cinnamon water, each, one part. Simple syrup, thirty-eight parts. Dissolve the citrate in the water and add to the syrup. Paris Codex. Dose, one to four fl. drachms. Wine of Citrate of Iron. R. Liquid citrate of iron, eight scruples. Rhenish wine, sixteen ounces. Digest for two or three days, and filter. Btral. Aromatic Wine of Citrate of Iron. R. Iron filings, one ounce. Lemon juice, three fl. ounces. Contused gentian, halfanounee. cinnamon, two drachms. Rhenish wine, sixteen ounces. Digest for twenty-four hours, and decant. The dose is a drachm to half a fl. ounce, two or three times a day. Hamburg Codex. R. Iron filings, four ounces. Bitter oranges, four. Beat them together, and at the end of two days, add to the mixture Madeira wine, ten fl. ounces. Spirit of orange- peel, two fl. ounces. Digest, and then express and filter. Dose, half a drachm to two drachms. Batav. Ph. Said to be one of the best compounds of iron. FERRI ET AMMOXII CITRAS. Ammonio-Citrate of Iron. R. Solution of citrate of iron, a pint. Water of ammonia, six fl. ounces. Mix, evaporate at 140° to consistence of syrup, and spread on glass to dry. U. S. Ph. It resembles the citrate of iron in appear- ance and properties, but is more soluble. Dose, five to ten grains. Wine of Citrate of Iron. R. Citrate of iron and ammonium, one hundred and sixty grains. Orange wine, one pint (imper.). Dissolve and filter. Dose, one to four fl. drachms. Brit. Ph. Sweet Wine of Iron. R. Bitter orange-peel, four drachms. Calisaya bark, one troyounce. Ammonio-citrate of iron, two troyounces. Citric acid, four drachms. Sherry wine, four pints. Deodorized alcohol, Syrup of orange-peel. I each, Saturated tincture of j one pint. sweet orange-peel, J Water, two pints. Macerate for a week and filter. Dose, a teaspoonful. Maryland Coll. Ph. Wine of Beef and Iron. R. Ammonio-citrate of iron, two hundred and fifty-six grains. Liebig's extract of beef, three hundred and eighty-four grains. 286 FEKRI ET POTASSII TARTRA8. Tincture of fresh orange-peel, one fl. ounce. Syrup, three fl. ounees. Sherry wine, twelve fl. ounces. Dissolve and mix. Maryland Coll. Ph. Nutritive wine is the above, omitting the iron. Newark Ph. Assoc. FERRI ET AMMONII SULPHAS. Sulphate of Iron and Ammonium. Ammonio-Ferric Alum. R. Solution of tersulphate of iron, two pints. Sulphate of ammonium, four troy ounces and a half. Heat the iron solution to boiling, dissolve in it the sulphate, and crystallize. Wash the crystals rapidly with very cold water, and dry. U. S. Ph. R. Solution of sesquisulphate of iron, three hundred parts. Sulphate of ammo- nium, twenty-eight parts. Distilled water, one hundred parts. Mix, dissolve by aid of heat, and evaporate to crystallize. Ph. Germ. Dose, three to six grains, in leucorrhcea. FERRI ET AMMONII T ARTRAS. Tartrate of Iron and Ammonium. R. Tartaric acid, twelve troyounces. Solution of tersulphate of iron, two pints and a half. Carbonate of ammonium, Distilled water, each, sufficient. Dissolve six troyounces of the tartaric acid in two pints of water and neutralize with the ammonium carbonate j then add the remainder of the acid previously dis- solved in half a pint of water. Prepare from the iron solution the hydrated oxide, and add it gradually to the solution of bitartrate uf ammonium until this is saturated. Fil- ter, evaporate below 140 ' to a syrupy con- sistence, and spread upon glass to dry. U.S. Ph. Garnet-red scales, slowly soluble in cold w.iter. Dose, live to ten grains. Solution of Ammonio-Tartrate of Iron. . Ammonio-tartrate of iron, half a drachm. Distilled water, seven fl. drachms. Rectified spirit, one fl. drachm. Aikin. FERRI ET MAGNESII CITRAS. Citrate of Iron and Magnesium. R. Hydrated oxide of iron, two parts. Citric acid (in solution), three parts. Mix, dissolve, saturate the liquor with carbonate of magnesium, and evaporate to dryness. This salt is soluble. The dose is from two to five grains. Van der Corput. Syrup of Citrate of Iron and Magne- sium. B. Citrate of iron and mag- nesium, eight parts. Orange-flower water, fifteen parts. Simple syrup, one hundred and eighty parts. Mix. Van der Corput. a pint. EERRI ET POTASSII T ARTRAS. Tartrate of Iron and Potassium. R. Solution of tersulphate of iron, Bitartrate of potas- sium, seven tro3^ounces. Distilled water, four pints. From the iron solution, prepare the hy- drated oxide, and add it gradually to the cream of tartar and water, previously heated to 140°, until it ceases to he dissolved. Then filter and evaporate helow 140° to the con- sistence of syrup, and spread on glass to dry. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. directs as ahove, and orders the glass plates to he kept at 120°. Dose, from ten grains to half a drachm, in solution, or with an aromatic or bitter, in bolus. Powder of Tartrate of Iron and Colombo. H. Tartrate of iron and potassium, two scruples. Powdered Colombo, half a drachm. PEEEI ET QUININE CITRAS. 287 Mix, and divide into four powders. One, every three or four hours, in syrup. As a tonic. Ellis. Effervescent Powder of Tartrate of Iron. R. Carbonate of magnesium, two drachms. Carbonate of potassium, half an ounce. Tartrate of iron, two scruples. Teaspoonful in water in divided doses, during the day ; to be taken whilst effer- vescing. Radius. Solution of Tartrate of Iron and Potassium. R. Tartrate of iron and potassium, one ounce. Cinnamon water, one pint. Dissolve; as a lotion or fomentation for bruises. Internally, in leucorrhcea, chlo- rosis, etc. Swediaur. Compound "Wine of Tartrate of Iron. R. Subcarbonate of iron, one ounce and a half. Powdered gentian, " orange-peel, each, half an ounce. Red wine, two pints. Macerate for three days, and give a wine- glassful two or three times a day. In dys- pepsia, etc. Ellis. R. Subcarbonate of iron, two ounces. Powdered cinnamon, one ounce. Rhenish wine, two pints. Macerate for some days, and filter. Van Mons. "Wine of Tartrate of Iron. R. Subcarbonate of iron, one part. Rhenish wine, twenty-four parts. Macerate for some days, and filter. Dose, one or two ounces. Soubeiran. Syrup of Tartrate of Iron. R. Tartrate of iron and potassium, Cinnamon water, each, one part. Simple syrup, thirty-eight parts. Dissolve the tartrate in the water, and mix with the syrup. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Paris Codex. Compound Tincture of Tartrate of Iron. R. Tartrate of iron wine, Tincture of calamus, each, ! four Hoffmann's balsamic [ flui- elixir, J drachms. Mix. Dose, seventy drops, morning and evening, in wine. Said to be an excellent remedy in ascarides. Dorfmueller. EERRI ET QUINIA CITRAS. Citrate of Iron and Quinia. R. Solution of citrate of iron, ten fl. ounces. Sulphate of quinia, a troyounce. Dissolve the quinia in six fl. ounces of distilled water, with the aid of diluted sul- phuric acid, and cautiously add ammonia water with constant stirring until in slight excess. Wash the precipitate on a filter and dissolve it in the iron solution, main- taining it at 120°. Then evaporate at 140° to the consistence of syrup, spread on glass, and dry. U. S. Ph. Reddish-brown or yellowish-brown scales, which are slowly soluble in w r ater. Brit. Ph. directs to prepare hydrated oxide of iron from four and a half fl. ounces of so- lution of persulphate of iron (made from, three ounces of sulphate of iron), and the quinia from one ounce of sulphate of quinia. Three ounces of citric acid are dissolved iu five ounces of water, and in this solution the hydrated oxide of iron is dissolved, after- wards the quinia. After the solution has cooled, twelve fluidrachras of ammonia water are added in small quantities, with the precaution to dissolve the quinia, which separates, by stirring, before the next addi- tion of ammonia is made. The solution is then filtered, evaporated, and dried as above. Greenish golden-yellow scales, somewhat deliquescent and. entirely soluble in cold water. Fifty grains yield with ammonia a white precipitate weighing, after drying, eight grains. Dose, five to ten grains. The preparation of Brit. Ph. may be given in solution ; that of U. S. Ph. is best exhibited in the form of powder and pills. Wine of Citrate of Iron and Quinia. (Bitter Wine of Iron.) R. Citrate of iron and quinia, two hundred and fifty-six grs. Sugar, four troyounces. Distilled water, one fl; ounce. Sherry wine, eleven fl. ounces. Tincture of fresh orange- peel, two fl. ounces. 288 FEHRI &ALLAS Dissolve, mix, and filter. Dose, one to four fluidrachms. Maryland Coll. Ph. FERRI ET STRYCHNIA C I T R A S. Citrate of Iron and Strychnia. R. Citrate of iron and ammonium, five hundred grains. Strychnia, Citric acid, each, five grains. Distilled water, nine fl. drachms. Dissolve the iron salt in a fluidounce, and the strychnia and citric acid in a fluidrachm of water. Mix the solutions, evapoi-ate at 140° to the consistence of syrup, and spread on glass to dry. U. S. Ph. Garnet-red scales, soluble in cold water. Dose, two to six grains FERRI FERROCYANIDUM. Pure Prussian Blue. R. Ferrocyanide of potas- sium, nine troyounces. Solution of tersulphate of iron, a pint. Water, three pints. Dissolve the ferrocyanide in two pints of the water, and add the solution by degrees to the solution of tersulphate, previously diluted with a pint of water, stirring each time. Filter, wash the precipitate with boiling water, until the washings are taste- less. Dry, and powder. U. 8. Ph. Tonic, febrifuge, and alterative. Dose, three to five grains, several times a day, gradually increased till some effect is pro- duced. Powder of Prussian Blue. R. Prussian blue, twelve grains. Sugar, one drachm. Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, every two hours. In epilepsy. Radius. Compound Powder of Prussian Blue. R. Prussian blue, twelve grains. White pepper, Mustard, each, half an ounce. Mix. and divide into twelve powders. One, every quarter of an hour, in the apyroxia of intermittentB. ^ ( >u- R. Prussian blue, Powdered guaiacum, each, half to one drachm. Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One three times a day, in intermittents. Ellis. Pills of Prussian Blue. R. Prussian blue, eighteen to thirty-six grains. Ammoniac, ~\ each, Extract of dandelion, V- one Rhubarb, drachm. Mix, and make fifty-four pills. Four to six, twice a day. In diseases of the gan- glionic system. Radius. Mixture of Prussian Blue. R. Prussian blue, one ounce. Parsley water, six ounces. Cherry-laurel water, two drachms. Mix. A teaspoonful three times a day. In stone and gravel. Radius. Ointment of Prussian Blue, R. Cod-liver oil, one ounce. Prussian blue, twenty-four grains. Cyanide of mercury, eight grains. Oil of cherry-laurel, four drops. Mix. As an application in strumous oph- thalmia. Canon de Villards. Blue Ink. R. Pure Prussian blue, six parts. Oxalic acid, one part. Triturate with a little water, to a perfectly smooth paste ; then dilute with water to a proper consistence. A little gum may be added to prevent the fluid from spreading. Mohr. FERRI GALLAS. Gallate of Iron. This is not used in medicine, but, with the tannate of iron, it forms the basis of writing ink. Writing Ink. R. Aleppo galls, bruised, twelve pounds. Water, six gallons. Boil in a copper vessel for an hour, adding water, to supply loss by evaporation, and strain ; boil residue with four gallons of water, for half an hour, and again boil with two gallons of water; mix decoctions, and add FERRI IODIDUM, 289 Sulphate of iron, four pounds. Contused gum Arabic, three pounds and a half. Agitate, permit to settle, strain through fine hair sieve, and keep in close vessels. Lewis. R. Powdered galls, eight pounds. Rasped logwood, four pounds. Gum Arabic, three pounds. Sulphate of iron, four pounds. " copper, Sugar candy, each, one pound. Ammoniac, two ounces. Water, sixteen pints. Alcohol, half a pint. Macerate for forty-eight hours, with a gentle heat, let rest for ten days, and decant into bottles. Not suitable for steel pens. Hunt. R. Powdered galls, fifty parts. Water, eight hundred parts. Digest for twenty-four hours, strain, and add Sulphate of iron, Gum Arabic, each, twenty-five parts. When clear, add a solution of Chloride of ammonium, eight parts. Gum Arabic, two parts. Boiling water, sixteen parts. Oil of lavender, one part. Said to be indelible. Guibourt. R. Bruised galls, forty ounces. Gum Arabic, ten ounces. Sulphate of iron, nine ounces. Soft water, forty-five fl. ounces. Macerate for three weeks, often stirring. A very permanent ink. English Exchequer. FEERI IODIDUM. Iodide of Iron. R. Iodine, three ounces. Iron filings, one ounce and a half. Distilled water, fifteen fl. ounces. Mix the iodine, iron, and twelve ounces of the water in a flask ; heat gently for ten minutes, then boil until froth becomes white; filter rapidly through wetted calico into a polished iron dish, wash filter with remain- der of the water, boil down until it will solidify on cooling, pour on a porcelain slab, and when solid break into fragments and keep in a well-stoppered bottle. Brit. Ph. 19 Tonic, alterative, diuretic, and emmena- gogue. Dose, three grains, gradually in- creased to eight, or more. The solution is partly decomposed on evaporation, and the dry salt on keeping. The following formula for preparing extem- poraneously a solution of this salt of definite strength, is given by Ph. Germ. R. Powdered iron, three parts. Distilled water, eighteen parts. Iodine, eight parts. Digest in a flask until the solution becomes light green, filter, and wash the filter with water. Eight parts of iodine correspond to ten parts iodide of iron. When prescribed in mixtures, a solution of the salt is prepared by this formula ; for pills, the freshly prepared solution is evap- orated as far as necessary. Saccharated Iodide of Iron. R. Powdered iron, three parts. Distilled water, ten parts. Iodine, eight parts. Mix, digest until the color is light green, and filter into a capsule containing Powdered milk sugar, forty parts. Evaporate with constant stirring rapidly to dryness, and powder. Greenish-white powder, containing 20 per cent, of iodide of iron. Ph. Germ. This keeps better than without the addi- tion of milk sugar. Dose, ten to thirty grains. Lozenges of Iodide of Iron. R. Iodide of iron, thirty grains. Saffron, half a drachm. Mucilage of tragacanth, Water of cinnamon, each, sufficient. Mix, and make two hundred and forty lozenges. Fifteen to twenty a day, gradu- ally augmenting, in amenorrhoea and leu- corrhoea. Pierquin. Pill of Iodide of Iron. R. Fine iron wire, forty grains. Iodine, eighty grains. Sugar, in powder, seventy grains. Liquorice root, in powder, one hundred and forty grains. Distilled water, fifty minims. Agitate the iron, iodine, and water in a strong vial until froth is white ; pour the 290 FERRI IODIDUM. liquid upon the sugar in a mortar, triturate briskly, and incorporate the liquorice root. Brit. Ph. Dose, three to eight grains. Pills of Iodide of Iron. R. Iodine, three hundred grains. Fine iron wire, one hundred and twenty grains. Sugar, in powder, No. 60, Liquorice root, in powder, No. 60, each, one hundred and ninety-two grains. Liquorice, in powder, No. 60, Gum Arabic, in powder, No. 60, each, forty-eight grains. Reduced iron, ninety-six grains. Water, a fluidounce and a half. Mix the iodine, iron, and ten fl. drachms of water in a flask, and agitate until solution is light pea-green, filter into a capsule con- taining the reduced iron, and wash the filter with the remaining water. Evaporate solu- tion until pellicle forms, add the remaining powders previously mixed, evaporate again to a pilular consistence, and divide into three hundred and eighty-four pills. Dissolve sixty grains of tolu in a fluidrachm of ether, shake the pills with the solution until they are uniformly coated, dry them, and keep them in a well-stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to three or more. Blancard's pills of Paris Codex are prepared in a similar manner, but contain one-fifth less of iodide of iron. R. Iodide of iron, one drachm. Bromide of sodium, half a drachm. Extract of liquorice, sufficient. Mix, and form pills of two grains. One to three, morning and evening, in scrofula, etc. Wernick. Solution of Iodide of Iron. R. Iodide of iron, one drachm. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Mix. Six to ten drops three times a day, in some cold water.. Ellis. R. Iodide of iron, twenty-four grains. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. A teaspoonful is a dose; this contains three grains. Ellis. Syrup of Iodide of Iron. R. Iodine, Iron wire, cut, Distilled water, Syrup, two troyounces. three hundred grains. three fl. ounces. sufficient. Mix iodine, iron, and water in a flask, and shake occasionally until solution is green. Introduce a pint of syrup into a graduated bottle, heat it by a water-bath to 212°, and through a small funnel filter the solution into the syrup. Then shake thoroughly ; when cool add sufficient syrup to make the whole measure twenty fluidounces, mix well, and keep the syrup in small vials, well stopped. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to twenty minims. R. Fine iron wire, Iodine, Refined sugar, one ounce, two ounces, twenty-eight ounces. Distilled water, thirteen fl. ounces. Prepare a syrup by dissolving the sugar in ten ounces of the water with the aid of heat. Digest the iodine and iron in a flask with the remaining water, till the froth be- comes white ; filter the liquid while hot into the syrup, and mix. The product should weigh forty-three ounces, and should have the specific gravity of 1.385. Dose, half to one fl. drachm. Brit. Ph. This is about two-thirds the strength of the former. The syrup of Ph. Germ, con- tains four per cent, of its weight of iodine ; that of Paris Codex only one-half per cent, of iodide of iron. Wine of Iodide of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron, eight parts. Iodide of potas- v sium, ten and a half parts. White wine, three hundred and twenty parts. Pulverize the two salts, adding a few drops of wine, triturate for a few moments, add the rest of the wine, and filter. To be kept in glass-stopped bottles. Thirty-two parts contain one of the iodide. Callond. R. Iodide of iron, half an ounce. Claret wine, one pint. Dissolve. A dessertspoonful, morning and evening. Soubeiran. Tincture of Iodide of Iron. R. Iodide of iron, one drachm. Alcohol, Distilled water, each, one fl. ounce. Mix. Thirty drops to a fl. drachm, twice a day. Foy. R. Sulphate of iron, eight parts. Iodide of potas- sium, ten and a half parts. PEEEI LACTAS. 291 Alcohol (.842), one hundred and sixty parts. Triturate the salts, separately, and then together; add alcohol,' and filter. To be kept in glass-stopped bottles. Sixteen parts contain one of iodide of iron. Callond. Mixture of Iodide of Iron. R. Iodide of iron, sixteen grains. Compound tincture of gentian, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. Mix. Two tablespoonfuls, two or three times a day. Ashwell. Injection of Iodide of Iron. R. Iodide of iron, half an ounce. Distilled water, one pint. Dissolve. As an injection, or lotion, in amenorrhcea, leucorrhcea, etc. Soubeiran. R. Iodide of iron, three grains. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Dissolve. In gonorrhoea; strength to be increased if required. Ricord. Syrup of Iodide and Chloride of Iron. R. Iodine, three hundred and eighty-four grains. Muriatic acid (1.16), four ounces and a half. Powdered sugar, twelve ounces. Iron filings, Distilled water, each, sufficient. Mix the acid with an ounce and a half of clean iron-filings ; allow to stand ; agitate occasionally ; when neutralized, filter. Mix the iodine with three ounces of water in a flask, add half the weight of iron filings, agitate till all the iodine is combined, and filter. Mix the solutions, add the sugar and as much water as will make a pint. W. Procter. Syrup of Iodide and Chloride of Iron Mixture. R. Syrup of iodide and chloride of iron, two drachms. Syrup of orange- peel, four drachms. Infusion of cascarilla, four fl. ounces. Mix. One-fourth to be taken twice a day. Battley. Bath of Iodide of Iron. R. Iodide of iron, two ounces. Water, two hundred pints. In leucorrhcea, amenorrhcea, chlorosis, etc. The quantity of iodide may be increased gradually to double, for adults. Pierquin. Ointment of Iodide of Iron. R. Iodide of iron, one drachm and a half. Lard, one ounce. Triturate together. A piece as large as a hazelnut to be rubbed on the inside of the thigh, morning and evening, in leucorrhcea and amenorrhcea ; also beneficial in gland- ular swellings. Pierquin. FERRI LACTAS. Lactate op Iron. R. Lactic acid, Iron filings, one fl. ounce. half a troyounce. Distilled water, sufficient. Mix the acid with a pint of the water in an iron vessel, add the iron, and digest on a water-bath until action ceases, preserving the measure by the addition of water ; filter while hot into a porcelain capsule, and crys- tallize ; wash the crystals with a little al- cohol, and dry. By evaporating the mother liquor in an iron vessel to one-half and fil- tering while hot, more crystals may be ob- tained. U. S. Ph. R. Lactate of calcium, one hundred parts. Boiling water, five hundred parts. Dissolve. Pure sulphate of iron, sixty-eight parts. Distilled water, five hundred parts. Dissolve. Mix the two solutions ; filter, add an excess of lactic acid, heat in a water-bath, stirring constantly ; filter, to separate the sulphate of. calcium ; evaporate rapidly either in an iron vessel or a porcelain one, with the addi- tion of some iron filings ; filter and crystal- lize; wash the crystals with alcohol, and dry. Lepage. Used in same cases as other preparations of iron. Dose, one or two grains, frequently repeated. Lozenges of Lactate of Iron. R. Lactate of iron, one drachm. Sugar, one ounce and a half. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. Cap. 292 FEEEI MALAS. FEKKI NITRAS, Pills of Lactate of Iron. R. Lactate of iron, Powdered mallow, equal parts. Clarified honey, sufficient. Make pills of two grains each. Cap. Syrup of Lactate of Iron. R. Lactate of iron, one drachm. "White sugar, twelve ounces and a half. Boiling distilled water, six fl. ounces and a half. Triturate the lactate with half an ounce of the sugar, dissolve quickly in the boil- ing water, pour the solution into a matrass, place on a sand-bath, add the rest of the sugar gradually ; when dissolved, filter ; and when cold, pour into well-stopped bottles. Dose, from two to four fl. drachms. Cap. FERRI MALAS Malate of Iron. Extract of Malate of Iron. R. Sour apples, fifty parts. Powdered iron, one part. Reduce the apples to a pulp, express the juice, let subside, decant, and digest with the iron until action ceases. When cold, add enough water to make the weight forty- eight parts, filter, and evaporate to the con- sistence of an extract. Ph. Germ. It contains seven to eight per cent, of iron, and is much prescribed in Germany under the name of Extractum ferri poma- tum. Dose, five to ten grains and more. Solution of Malate of Iron. R. Malate of iron, one ounce. Water, twelve fl. ounces. Dissolve and filter. As an astringent, in doses of a fl. drachm. Spielmann. Tincture of Malate of Iron. R. Extract of malate of iron, one part. Yinousoinnamon water, nine parts. Dissolve and filter. Dose, half to one tea- spoonful. Ph. Germ. Mixture of Malate of Iron. R. Extract of Peruvian bark, " gentian, each, one drachm. Peppermint water, Chamomile water, each, one fl. ' ounce. Malate of iron, half a drachm. To be taken in divided doses, in dyspepsia, Augustin. etc. Bitter Infusion of Iron. R. Iron filings, three ounces. Bruised ginger, " gentian, each, one ounce. " orange-peel, half an ounce. Infuse in a pint of strong old cider for a month, frequently agitating, and filter. Dose, half a drachm to one drachm, thrice daily, as a tonic. FERRI NITRAS. Nitrate of Iron. R. Red oxide of iron, four drachms. Nitric acid, six fl. drachms. Dissolve, and add Water, one fl. ounce. Filter. Dose, six to twelve drops, in a con- venient vehicle. In dyspepsia, and calcu- lous complaints. Swediaur. Syrup of Protonitrate of Iron. R. Iron wire (card teeth), two ounces. Nitric acid, sp. gr. 1.42, three fl. ounces. Water, thirteen fl. ounces. Powdered sugar, two pounds. Put the iron in a wide-mouthed bottle, kept cool by standing in cold water, and pour upon it three fl. ounces of water. Mix the acid with ten fl. ounces of water, and add it gradually to the iron, agitating fre- quently, until the acid is saturated. Filter the solution into a bottle containing the sugar, and marked to contain thirty fl. ounces, adding water enough to measure that quantity. Dissolve the sugar, strain, pour into suitable vials, and seal them. W. Procter, Jr. Solution of Nitrate (Pernitrate) of Iron. R. Iron wire, cut, two troj'ounces and a half. Nitric acid, five troyoivnces. Distilled water, sufficient. Mix the iron with twelve fl. ounces of the water, in a wide-mouthed bottle, and add to it gradually and with agitation, three troy- FEERI OIALAS. — PEEEI OIIDUM, 293 ounces of the acid, previously diluted with six fl. ounces of the water, preventing the occurrence of red fumes by placing the bottle in cold water. Then agitate well until the liquid, when filtered, is of a pale green color. Filter into a capacious por- celain capsule, heat to 130° and add the remainder of the acid. When effervescence has ceased, continue the heat until no more gas escapes, and add distilled water to make the liquid measure thirty-six fl. ounces. The specific gravity is betweec 1.060 and 1.070, and a fl. ounce yields eight to ten grains anhydrous oxide of iron. U. S. Ph. R. Fine iron wire, free from rust, one ounce. Nitric acid, four fl. ounces and a half. Distilled water, sufficient. Dilute the acid with sixteen ounces of the water, add the iron and leave in contact until dissolved, moderating the action, if too violent, by the addition of a little dis- tilled water ; filter and add distilled water to make the liquid measure thirty fl. ounces. Its specific gravity is 1.107, and a fl. drachm yields 2.6 grains anhydrous oxide of iron. Brit. Ph. Dose, ten to forty minims. The result of both processes is greatly influenced by slight variations in the temperature. FERRI OXALAS. Oxalate op Iron. R. Sulphate of iron, two trounces. Oxalic acid, four hundred and thirty-six grains. Distilled water, sufficient. Dissolve the sulphate in thirty fl. ounces, and the acid in fifteen fl. ounces of the water ; filter, and mix the solutions ; decant the clear liquid, wash the precipitate with water until the washings cease to redden litmus, and dry it with a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. Tonic, with little ornoastringency. Dose, one to three grains. FERRI OXIDUM. Peroxide (Sesqtjioxide) of Iron. Moist Oxide (Peroxide) of Iron. R. Solution of tersulphate of iron, one pint. Water of ammonia, twenty fl. ounces. Water sufficient. To the ammonia water, mixed with two pints of water, add, with constant stirring, the iron solution, previously mixed with two pints of water. Then pour the whole on a wet muslin strainer, and wash the pre- cipitate with water until the washings pass nearly tasteless. Brit. Ph. directs to preserve this moist precipitate in a stoppered bottle. U. S. Ph. orders the above quantity to be diluted with water to measure a pint and a half, and then to preserve it in the same manner. If the above is to be made in haste as an antidote, the washing may be performed more quickly, though less perfectly, by pressing the strainer forcibly with the hands until no more liquid passes, and then mixing the precipitate with the required water. U. S. Ph. R. Solution of tersulphate of iron, sixty parts. Calcined magnesia, seven parts. Mix the solution with one hundred and twenty parts of water, triturate the mag- nesia with the same quantity of water, mix and shake well. This is to be prepared only when needed for use, and constitutes the antidote to ar- senic of Ph. Germ. Dry Hydrated Oxide of Iron. R. Moist peroxide of iron, at will. Dry at a temperature not exceeding 212°. Brit. Ph. Ph. Germ, directs a gentle heat for dry- ing. Used like the subcarbonate of iron of U. S. Ph. Soluble Saccharated Oxide of Iron. R. Solution of sesquichloride of iron, Simple syrup, each, twenty parts. Solution of soda, forty parts. Distilled water, three hundred parts. Powdered sugar, sufficient. Mix the iron solution and syrup, add grad- ually the soda solution with constant stir- ring, and set aside for twenty-four hours. To the clear liquid add the water boiling hot, stir well, and set aside to subside. Decant the supernatant liquid, add again distilled water, collect the precipitate upon a filter, wash it with water as long as the washings pass colorless and have a strong alkaline reaction, drain and mix in a por- celain capsule with ninety parts of sugar. Dry the mixture, with constant agitation, by means of a water-bath, and add suffi- 294 FERRI OXIDUM MAGNETICUM, cient sugar to make the whole weigh one hundred parts. It contains three per cent, of iron, and is entirely soluble in five parts of water. Ph. Germ. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Syrup of Oxide of Iron. The mixture of sugar and oxide, as ob- tained by the preceding formula, instead of being evaporated is digested in a water- bath for two hours, adding from time to time the water which may have evaporated. When cool sufficient simple syrup is added to make the whole weigh three hundred parts. One hundred parts represent one part of iron. Ph. Germ. Red Oxide of Iron. Colcothar. R. Sulphate of iron, any quantity. Heat till water of crystallization is ex- pelled ; then roast by a powerful heat till all acid is driven off; powder, wash till all traces of acid disappear ; dry. Paris Codex. Astringent and tonic, and has been ad- vised in neuralgia, etc., in doses of five to fifteen grains, but is inferior to the subcar- bonate and hydrated oxide; it is now mainly employed in the arts for polishing metals, etc. Oxide of Iron Plaster. R. Hydrated peroxide of iron, in fine powder, one ounce. Burgundy pitch, two ounces. Lead plaster, eight ounces. Melt the pitch and plaster, and add the iron, stirring constantly. Brit. Ph. As a strengthening plaster, in muscular relaxation and weakness, known in Great Britain under the name of Chalybeate Plaster. R. Lead plaster, ~\ each, Compound lead plaster, > ten Yellow wax, ) parts. Olive oil, four parts. Melt together ; triturate Colcothar, ten parts, with lour pints of olive oil, and mix the whole together, stirring constantly until eool. Tins is Canet's Plaster of the Paris Codex. The Iron Plaster of the U. S. Ph. is made with Bubcarbonate of iron. FERRI OXIDUM MAG- NETICUM. Magnetic or Black Oxide of Iron. R. Solution of persulphate of iron, five fl. ounces and a half. Sulphate of iron, two ounces. Solution of soda, four pints. Distilled water, sufficient. Dissolve the sulphate in two pints of the water, add the solution of persulphate, and then mix with the solution of soda. Boil, set aside for two hours, stirring occasionally, transfer upon a calico filter, drain, wash thoroughly with distilled water, and dry the precipitate at or helow 120°. Brit. Ph. Dose, five to ten grains. R. Powdered iron filings, any quantity. Moisten with sufficient water, expose to the air, and replace from time to time the evap- orated water. After four or five days, powder the mass, throw it upon a hair sieve, and wash with water to separate the oxide. Set the washings aside, decant the sediment from the heavier metallic iron, collect upon a filter, and dry. Paris Codex. These do not give identical products, but they are sufficiently alike to be used for the same purposes. Powder of Black Oxide of Iron R. Black oxide of iron, three parts. Aromatic powder, six parts. Sugar, eight parts. Mix. Dose, thirty to forty grains, twice a day, in leucorrhoea and rachitis. Swediaur. R. Black oxide of iron, Colombo, each, one drachm. Rind of bitter orange, half an ounce. Cinnamon, one scruple. Mix, and divide into nine powders. Three to be given a day, in chlorosis and amen- orrhcea. Brera. Pills of Black Oxide of Iron. R. Black oxide of iron, eight grains. Powdered saffron, " valerian, each, sixteen grains. Syrup of wormwood, sufficient. Mix, and form eight pills; four to eight a day, in amenorrhea. Foy. R. Black oxide of iron, Powdered canella, each, one drachm. FERRI PEESULPHA8. — FEEEI PHOSPHAS 295 Extract of ox bile, " centaury, each, three drachms. Mix, and form pills of four grains. Four to six a day, in engorgements of the ab- dominal viscera. Pierquin. Electuary of Black Oxide of Iron. R. Black oxide of iron, half an ounce. Carbonate of potassium, two scruples. Prepared chalk, Ginger, each, two drachms. Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. Mix well. Dose, half a drachm, two or three times a day, in chlorosis and leucor- rhcea. Swediaur. R. Black oxide of iron, Soap, each, one drachm. Extract of hemlock, twelve grains. " squill, one scruple. Oxj'mel, sufficient. Mix well. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, in dropsy, with engorgement of the abdominal viscera. Brera. FERRI PERSULPHAS Ferric Sulphate. Solution of Tersulphate of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron, in coarse powder, twelve troyounces. Sulphuric acid, two troyounces and sixty grains. Nitric acid, one troyounce and six drachms. Water, sufficient. Mix the acids with half a pint of water, heat in a capacious porcelain capsule to boiling,- and add the iron salt, one-fourth at a time, stirring after each addition until effervescence ceases ; continue the heat until solution is reddish-brown and free from nitrous odor; when cool, add water to make the liquid measure twenty-four fl. ounces. Its specific gravity is 1.320, and a fl. ounce yields sixty-nine grains of oxide of iron. U. S. Ph. Liquid ferric sulphate, Ph., Germ., is nearly identical with the above ; it has the specific gravity 1.317 to 1.319, and contains eighty per cent, of iron. Solution of per- sulphate of iron, Brit. Ph., has the spe- cific gravity 1.441, and one fl. drachm yields 11.44 grains of oxide ; eight ounces of sulphate of iron yield eleven fl. ounces of this solution. The above is mostly used as the source of ferric oxide in making other preparations of iron. Solution of Subsulphate of Iron. (Monsel's Solution.) R. Sulphate of iron, in coarse powder, twelve troyounces. Sulphuric acid. one troyounce and thirty grains. Nitric acid, one troyounce and five drachms. Distilled water, sufficient. Proceed as in the process for the previous solution ; when nitrous vapors are no longer perceptible, and the liquid is nearly cold, add distilled water to make it measure twelve fl. ounces. U. S. Ph. A powerful styptic, used for arresting FERRI PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron, five troyounces. Phosphate of sodium, six troyounces. Water, eight pints. Dissolve the sulphate and phosphate, each, in four pints of the water ; mix the solu- tions, and let settle ; decant, wash the pre- cipitate with hot water, and dry with a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. The process of Ph. Germ,, is essentially the same, except that the salts are dissolved in about half the above quantities of water. Used with advantagein amen orrhcea, and certain cases of dyspepsia. Dose, five to ten grains. R. Sulphate of iron, three ounces. Phosphate of sodium, two and a half ounces. Acetate of sodium, one ounce. Boiling distilled water, four pints. Dissolve the iron salt, in one half, and the sodium salts in the other half of the water, mix the solutions, transfer to a calico filter, wash the precipitate well with hot distilled water, and dry it at 120°. Brit. Ph. Pills of Phosphate of Iron. R. Phosphate of iron, forty grains. Potassa (or soda), three grains. Extract of aloes, four grains Powdered liquorice root, twenty grains. Albumen of egg, sufficient. 296 FERRI PYROPHOSPHAS Mix, and form twelve pills. Dose, one every two to four hours. Carmichael. Ointment of Phosphate of Iron. R. Phosphate of iron, two drachms. Lard, one ounce. Mix. Recommended with the former, in cancer. Carmichael. Syrup of Phosphate of Iron. R. Granular sulphate of iron, two hundred and twenty-four grains. Phosphate of sodium, two hundred grains. Acetate of sodium, seventy-four grains. Diluted phosphoric acid, five fl. ounces and a half. Refined sugar, eight ounces. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve the iron salt in one half, and the sodium salts in the other half of the water ; mix, wash the precipitate well, press strongly between bibulous paper, and dis- solve in the acid. Filter, add the sugar, and dissolve without heat ; it should meas- ure twelve fl. ounces, and contains one grain of phosphate of iron in each fl. drachm. Brit. Ph. Compound Syrup of Phosphates. (Chemical Food.) R. Sulphate of iron, ten drachms. Phosphate of sodium, M calcium, each, twelve drachms. Glacial phosphoric acid, twenty drachms. Carbonate of sodium, forty grains. Carbonate of potassium, one drachm. Powdered cochineal, two drachms. Sugar, thirty-two troyounces. Orange-flow r er water, one fl. ounce. Muriatic acid, S , Water of ammonia, V- c l r . Water, \ s,lfflcl Dissolve the iron salt in two, and the so- dium phosphate in four fl. ounces of boiling water, mix. and wash the precipitate. Dis- solve the calcium salt in four fl. ounces of water with sufficient muriatic acid, precipi- tate by ammonia and wash well. Dissolve the two freshly precipitated phosphates in the phosphoric acid, previously dissolved in four 11. ounces of water, add the carbonates, and thou sufficient muriatic acid to dissolve sufficient. any precipitate that may occur ; add water to make the solution measure twenty-two fl. ounces, dissolve in it the sugar by the aid of heat, adding towards the last the cochineal, strain, and when cool, add the orange-flower water. Dose, a teaspoonful, containing about two grains of phosphate of calcium and one grain of phosphate of iron. E. Parrish. FERRI PYROPHOSPHAS. Pyrophosphate of Iron. R. Phosphate of sodium, seven troyounces and a half. Solution of tersulphate of iron, seven fl. ounces. Citric acid, two troyounces. Water of ammonia, five fl. ounces. Water, sufficient. Exsiccate the phosphate, then heat it to in- cipient redness ; afterwards dissolve in three pints of water, cool the solution to 50°, and add sufficient of the iron solution to pre- cipitate. Drain and wash the precipitate thoroughly upon a muslin strainer, and transfer it to a weighed porcelain capsule. Saturate and dissolve the citric acid with sufficient ammonia water, add the solution to the precipitate, stir until dissolved, and evaporate to sixteen troyounces. Spread, upon glass, dry, and preserve in well-stopped bottles. It contains forty-eight per cent, of anhy- drous pyrophosphate of iron. U. 8. Ph. Pyrophosphate of Iron and Sodium. R. Pyrophosphate of sodium, two hundred parts. Solution of sesquichloride of iron, eighty-one parts. Distilled water, six hundred and twenty parts. Alcohol, one thousand parts. Dissolve the pyrophosphate in four hundred parts of hot water, and add to it gradually the iron solution previously diluted with the remainder of the water, as long as the precipitate is redissolved; filter, add the alcohol, collect the precipitate, wash it with some alcohol, press between bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle heat. Ph. Germ. Syrup of Pyrophosphate of Iron. R. Pyrophosphate of iron, one part. Distilled water, two parts. Simple syrup, ninety-seven parts. Dissolve the iron salt in the water, and add to the syrup. Paris Codex. FEKEI SULPHAS. 297 FERRI SULPHAS. Sulphate of Iron. R. Iron wire, in small pieces, twelve troyounces. Sulphuric acid, eighteen troyounces Water, eight pints. Mix the acid and water, and add the iron ; heat till effervescence ceases. Pour off the solution, add half a drachm of sulphuric acid, filter, the end of the funnel touching the bottom of the receiving vessel. Evap- orate in a matrass, set aside to crystallize in a covered vessel, drain crystals in a funnel, dry, and keep in well-closed bottles. U. S. Ph. Astringent and tonic. Dose, from one to five grains. Granulated Sulphate of Iron. R. Iron wire, four ounces. Sulphuric acid, four fl. ounces. Distilled water, thirty fl. ounces. Digest until effervescence nearly ceases, boil for ten minutes, filter into a jar con- taining eight fl. ounces of alcohol, and stir. When cool, drain the crystals and dry them on porous tiles. Brit. Ph. Dried Sulphate of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron, twelve tro3 T ounces. Expose, in an unglazed earthen vessel, to a moderate heat until it has effloresced ; raise and maintain the heat at 300° until the salt ceases to lose weight, then powder and preserve. U. S. Ph. Ph. Germ, restricts the heat to 212° ; Brit. Ph. allows the heat finally to be raised to 400°. Three grains are equal to five of the undried. Powder of Sulphate of Iron. R. Powdered sulphate of iron, four grains. Powdered ginger, ten to sixteen grains. Mix. To be taken twice a day, in amenor- rhcea, chlorosis, etc. Saunders. R. Powdered sulphate of iron, half an ounce. Powdered tansy, three ounces. Mix. Dose, a drachm. As a vermifuge. Dan. Ph. Pills of Sulphate of Iron. R. Dried sulphate of iron, two parts. Extract of dandelion, five parts. Conserve of red roses, two parts. Powdered liquorice root, three parts. Beat together, and form into five grain pills. Ed. Ph. R. Sulphate of iron, two drachms. Extract of wormwood, half an ounce. Syrup of saffron, sufficient. Beat into mass, and divide into one hun- dred and fifty pills. Four to five, three times a day. In chlorosis, leucorrhcea, etc. Werthof. each. one drachm and a half. R. Sulphate of iron, Kino, Gentian, Extract of gentian, Turpentine, three drachms. Powdered mallow root, sufficient. Beat into mass, and make two hundred and seventy pills. Ten, four times a day, in secondary gonorrhoea. Watch. Blaud's Anti-Chlorotic Pills. R. Sulphate of iron, in fine powder, one ounce. Carbonate of potassium, in dry powder, one ounce. Mucilage of tragacanth, Powdered liquorice root, each, sufficient. To make ninety-nine pills. Triturate well, and divide into pills. To be taken, one in the morning and evening, for the first three days, a third pill at noon for the next three days, and so increased to nine a day. Blaud. Paris Codex directs thirty grains each of dried sulphate of iron and carbonate of potassium to be made into one hundred and twenty pills. Pills of Iron and Rhubarb. R. Dried sulphate of iron, four parts. Extract of rhubarb, ten parts. Conserve of red roses, five parts. Beat into mass, and form five grain pills. Tonic and laxative, in dose of two or three. Compound Sulphate of Iron Pills. R. Sulphate of iron, one scruple. Powdered senna, half a scruple. 298 FERKI SULPHUEETUM FEREI TANIAS. Powdered jalap, " cream of tartar, each, half a scruple. " ginger, twelve grains. Syrup, sufficient. Form mass, and divide into twenty-five pills. Ellis. These are known as Hooper's Pills, as are also the following : — R. Barbadoes aloes, eight ounces. Sulphate of iron, four ounces. Extract of black ] hellebore, | each, Myrrh, V two ounces. Soap, Powdered canella, " ginger, each, one ounce. Water, sufficient. Beat into mass, and divide into two and a half grain pills. Phil. Coll. Ph. As a laxative and emmenagogue. R. Dried sulphate of iron, one scruple. Powdered aloes, two scruples. " cloves, five grains. Venice turpentine, sufficient. Form mass, and divide into twenty pills. One, three times a day, as an emmena- gogue. Ellis. Solution of Sulphate of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron, Alum, each, six ounces. Water, forty-eight ounces. Dissolve, filter, and add Sulphuric acid, four ounces. In hemorrhages, in doses of ten or twelve drops, in water. Spielmann. Sulphate of Iron Injection. R. Sulphate of iron, half to one drachm. Snge water, four ounces. Mucilage gum Arabic, half a drachm. Mix. As an injection, in nasal and uterine hemorrhages. * Berends. Mixture of Sulphate of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron, one scruple. Sulphuric acid, four to six drops. White sugar, oik; drachm. Water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A teaspoonfnl, with water, every tWO to four hours, as a tonic. Ellis. R. Sulphate of iron, four grains. Elixir of vitriol, twenty drops. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful, in a wineglass of water, three times a day. Ellis. R. Powdered myrrh, one drachm. " gum Arabic, two drachms. Syrup, one fl. ounce. Infusion of chamomile, six fl. ounces. Mix well, and add Powdered sulphate of iron, Cinnamon water. fifteen grains, one fl. ounce. Mix. Two spoonfuls every three hours, as an emmenagogue. Frank. Syrup of Sulphate of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron, two drachms. Water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve, filter, and add Syrup of gum Arabic, seventeen fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful twice a day, in chlorosis, leucorrhcea, etc. Soubeiran. FERRI SULPHURETUM. Sulphuret of Iron. Heat an iron rod to a white heat, apply to it a roll of sulphur, receiving the sulphuret of iron in water ; separate it from the sul- phur, dry, and keep in a well-stopped bot- tle. Used to make hydrosulphuric acid, by the addition of diluted sulphuric acid. FERRI TANNAS. Tannate of Iron. R. Tannic acid, ninety parts. Roiling water, sufficient to dissolve ; add gradually Subcarbonate of iron, four hun- dred and forty parts. Agitate till effervescence ceases. Evapo- rate at 176°, in a porcelain vessel, until it becomes thick, then dry on a plate, in a stove, at 95°. Benedetti. Found useful in chlorosis, in doses of two or three grains, thrice a day, increasing the dose as required. FERRI VALEEIANAS. FILIX MAS. 299 FERRI YALERIANAS. Valerianate op Iron. R. Clean iron filings, at will. Put in a wedgewood mortar, add gradually an equal weight of valerianic acid, stirring continually. In an hour, add distilled water, pour the whole into a flask, warm gently, and filter. The surface, exposed to the air, becomes covered with a crystalline layer of valerianate of iron. Collect this on a filter, repeat this as long as crystals are formed. Dose, one to two grains. Euspini. R. Solution of tersulphate of iron, eight fl. ounces. Yalerianate of sodium, five troyounces. Distilled water, sufficient. Dissolve the valerianate inhalf a pint of the water, and add to the iron solution. Wash the precipitate upon a filter, and dry upon porous tiles. U. S. Ph. It should be kept in a well-stopped bottle. FICUS. Figs. Figs are the fruit of Ficus carica, a small tree, a native of Asia, and now cultivated in all warm climates. There are numerous varieties. Sex. Syst. Polygam. dicec. Nat. Syst. Mo- racese. Linn. Sp. PI. 1513. Griffith, Med. Bot. 576. They come to this country in a dry state, from the ports of the Levant. They are nutritious, laxative, and demulcent, and are used in medicine in demulcent decoctions, and sometimes externally, as a suppurative poultice. Decoction of Figs. R. Figs, one ounce. Water, one pint. Boil, and strain. Demulcent and pectoral. Cadet. Gargle of Figs. R. Figs, Mallow root, each, one ounce. Milk, two pints. Boil away one-fourth. As an emollient gargle in sore throat. Radius. Liquorice root, half an ounce. Infuse, and strain. Foy. This is identical with the compound de- coction of barley of the Lond. Ph., and like it, is nutritive, demulcent, and laxa- tive. Compound Decoction of Figs. R. Figs, Raisins, each, two ounces. Barley water, two pints. Boil for a quarter of an hour, and add Coffee of Figs. R. Figs, roasted like coffee, two drachms. Water, one pint. Boil gently, and strain. Radius. This is said to be an excellent substitute for coffee, and to form an excellent diet in diseases of the chest. Paste of Figs. R. Figs, at will. Reduce to a pulp, express through a hair- sieve, mix with four times the weight of sugar, concentrate by a gentle heat, and cut into lozenges. Soubeiran. FILIX MAvS. Male Fern. The Male Fern is the rhizome of Nephro- dium (Aspidium) filix mas, a native of the temperate regions of the whole world, in shady, rather damp situations. Sex. Syst. Crypt, nl. Nat. Syst. Polypo- diacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 1551. (Polypodium.) Griffith, Med. Bot. 670. The rhizome is covered with portions of the brown stipes, is green internally, and has a feeble, but peculiar odor, and a sweet, bitter, astringent taste. It should always be used as fresh as possible, only such part should be employed as has retained its green color ; and the stipes being inert, should then be removed. It is tonic and anthel- mintic, but is not much used in this country. The dose, in substance, is from one to three drachms, twice a day. Powder of Male Fern. R. Male fern, one ounce. Gamboge, Calomel, each, fourteen grains. Scammony, eighteen grains. Mix, and divide into three powders. In tapeworm. Cadet. Bolus of Male Fern. R. Male fern, half an ounce. Rhubarb, two drachms. Levant wormseed, half an ounce. Calomel, one drachm. Syrup of wormwood, sufficient. Mix, and form twelve boluses, Spielmann. 300 FCENICULUM. Oleoresin of Male Pern. B. Male fern, in powder, No. 60, twelve tro}'ounces. Ether, sufficient. Obtain by slow percolation twenty-four fl. ounces of tincture ; distil off the greater part of the ether, and allow the remaining ether to evaporate spontaneously ; keep the oleoresin in a well-stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. Dose, fifteen to thirty grains twice a day. This preparation is called extract by Ph. Germ., liquid extract by Brit. Ph., and oil of male fern by Paris Codex. Pills of Extract of Male Pern. B. Oleoresin of male fern, one scruple. Powder of male fern, twelve grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make twelve to sixteen pills. To be taken in the evening, at short intervals. Peschier. B. Oleoresin of male fern, twenty-four drops. Powdered mallow root, three scruples. Fresh lard, two scruples. Mix, and divide into twenty-four pills. One-half to be taken in the evening, and the remainder next morning, and, an hour afterwards, a dose of castor oil. Jourdan. B Electuary of Male Fern. Oleoresin of male fern, half a drachm. Honey of roses, one ounce. Mix. Half in the evening, the remainder the next morning. Radius. Jelly with Male Fern. B. Male fern, Corsica moss, each, six drachms. Isinglass, one drachm. Water, eight ounces. Boil to llirco ounces, and strain; add Oleoresin of male fern, one scruple. Syrup of mulberries, one ounce. To be taken in divided doses, during the day. Phwbus. Mixture of Male Fern. B. Male fern, half an ounce. Elecampane, two drachms. Wormwood, a handful. Santonica, one drachm. Water, sufficient to obtain a quart of decoction ; add Vermifuge syrup, one ounce. Mix. Bories. B. Powdered male fern, four drachms. Balm water, three ounces. Syrup of gum, one ounce. Mix. To be taken in the evening, and next morning an ounce of castor oil. Radius. FGENICULUM. Fennel. There are several varieties, or species of Fennel, closely resembling each other, and having the same properties ; that recognized as officinal by the U. S. Ph. is the F. dalce, a native of Europe, and often cultivated in the gardens in this country. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apia- Linn. Sp. PI. 377. Griffith, Med. Bot. 321. The part used is the fruit, which is fra- grant, with a sweetish, warm, pleasant, aromatic taste. It is employed as a car- minative, and as corrective of other and more unpleasant remedies. The dose of the powder is from a scruple to half a drachm. Compound Powder of Fennel. B. Powdered fennel, each, u anise, one u lettuce, [ ounce u white poppy, and a u benne, half. u sugar, six ounces. Mix. Dose, a drachm two or three times a day. Said to increase the secretion of milk in nursing women. Niemann. Infusion of Fennel. B. Fennel, one drachm. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for an hour, and strain. Given in teaspoonful doses to infants, in windy colic, or used as an enema, for the same purpose. Taddei. Fennel Water. B. Oil of fennel, half a fl. drachm. Carbonate of magnesium, one drachm. Distilled water, two pints. F BASER A. — FTJLIGO 301 Eub the oil with the carbonate, gradually add the water, constantly rubbing, and filter. U. S. Ph. Distilled fennel water is made by distil- ling, from one part of the bruised fruit and sufficient water, four parts (Paris Codex), ten parts (Brit. Ph.), fourteen parts ( O. S. Ph.), thirty parts (Ph. Germ.). Oil of Fennel. R. Bruised fennel, Water, Mix, and distil. Dose, five to fifteen drops. at will, sufficient. Guibourt. R Essence of Fennel. Oil of fennel, one fl. ounce. Alcohol, nine fl: ounces. Mix. Dose, twenty or thirty drops. Dub. Ph. Fennel Ointment. R. Oil of fennel, Lard, Triturate together, the hair. thirty drops. four ounces. Said to destroy lice in Niemann. FRASERA. American Colombo. The Frasera Walteri is one of the tallest and most elegant of our native herbaceous plants, sometimes attaining a height of ten feet, with a pyramid of yellowish- white flowers, of three or four feet in length. Sex. Sysl. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Gentianaceae. Walter, Fl. Carol. 87. Griffith, Med. Bot. 462. The root, which is the officinal portion, is large and succulent, and is usually dried in circular sections, like Colombo. It has no odor in a dried state, but possesses a sweetish-bitter taste, which according to G. W. Kennedy is due to gentiopicrin. It is a mild bitter tonic, suited to all cases to which the simple bitters are applicable. The dose, in powder, is from thirty grains to a drachm. Infusion of American Colombo. R. American Colombo, bruised, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for an hour, and strain. Wood. Dose, one to two fl. ounces several times a day. Tincture of American Colombo. R. Contused American Colombo, Diluted alcohol, Macerate for fourteen days. Dose, one to three drachms. one ounce. one pint. and filter. Dunglison. FULIGO Soot. The soot of wood is of a black color, has a peculiar smell, and a bitter, disagreeable, empyreumatic taste. It owes its properties to the presence of pyrogenous oil or resin, and creasote ; but also contains various salts, united to acetic acid. It was formerly officinal, but gradually was relinquished in regular practice ; but, of late years, has again attracted attention, and has been em- ployed with success in a variety of diseases. Pills of Soot. R. Extract of soot, half a drachm. Comp. galbanum pill, one scruple. Oil of valerian, ten minims. Mix well, and form twelve pills; two, thrice a day, in hysteria. Neligan. R. Soot, one drachm and a half. Carbonate of ammonium, half a drachm. Tar, sufficient. Mix, and make five grain pills. Ferriar. Decoction of Soot. R. Soot, two handfuls. Water, two pints. Boil for half an hour, and strain. As a lotion, in herpetic, psoric, and venereal ulcers. Soubeiran. R Tincture of Soot. Soot, one part. Diluted alcohol, eight parts. Macerate for eight days, and filter. Dose, from thirty to sixty drops, as, an antispas- modic in hysteria, etc. Guibourt. R. Mixture of Soot. Soot, half an ounce. Carbonate of potassium, one ounce and a half. Carbonate of ammonium, two drachms. Elder-flower water, nine fl. ounces. 302 FULIGOKALI, Digest for some time by a gentle heat, and filter. Dose, thirty to sixty drops, several times a day. In dyspepsia, suppressed cu- taneous affections, etc. Dunglison. R. Hickory ashes, one quart. Soot, six ounces. Boiling water, one gallon. Mix, and digest for twenty-four hours, fre- quently stirring, and decant. A teacup- ful, three times a day, used in dyspepsia. Ellis. R Soot Mouth- Wash. Extract of soot, one part. Yinegar, twelve parts. Mix. A few drops, in a glass of tepid water, in aphthous sore mouth. Soubeiran. Oil of Soot. R. Soot, four ounces. Olive oil, twelve ounces. Boil, and strain. As an application to ulcers in the mouth, or on the genitals. Radius. R Soot Ointment. one part, four parts. Triturate together. As an application in tinea, scrofulous sores, etc. Soubeiran. Soot, Lard, Compound Soot Ointment. R. Soot, Lard, each, half an ounce. Extract of belladonna, one drachm. Triturate together. As an application to cancerous sores. Radius. R. Soot, an ounce and a half. Lard, four ounces. Sulphate of zinc, six drachms. Triturate together. In cases of tinea. Dories. Cataplasm of Soot. R. Soot, Whites of eggs, two ounces, six. Mix. As an application to tinea, herpes, and scrofulous ulcers. St. Marie. Injection of Soot. R. Decoction of soot, one pint. Alum, half an ounce. Water, six ounces. Mix. Advised as an injection, in leucor- rhcea. Soubeiran. FULIGOKALI FULIGOKALI. R Potassa, twenty parts. Shining soot, one hundred parts. Water, sufficient. Boil for an hour, cool, dilute with water, filter, evaporate to dryness, and keep in well-closed bottles. Deschamps. Used, both internally and externally, in chronic cutaneous disorders. Dose, two to three grains, several times a day. Sulphuretted Fuligokali. R. Fuligokali, sixty parts. Potassa, fourteen parts. Sulphur, five parts. Dissolve the sulphur and potassa, add the fuligokali, and evaporate to dryness. Pills of Sulphuretted Fuligokali. R. Sulphuretted fuligokali, five drachms. Starch, two drachms and a half. Tragacanth, eight grains. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make one hundred pills, and cover them with two or three coats of tragacanth. Deschamps. Ointment of Fuligokali. R. Fuligokali, sixteen to thirty grains. Lard, one ounce. Triturate together. Used as a detersive, resolvent, and somewhat stimulant applica- tion, in obstinate cutaneous affections. Gibert. GALBA^UM 303 G. GALBANUM. Galbanum. This is the gum resin of an unknown plant, but generally admitted to belong to the Apiacepe. According to Don and others, the Asiatic galbanum is the product of Galbanum officinale, a native of Persia. Boissier refers it to Ferula erubescens. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. xvi. 603. Griffith, Med. Bot. 333. Galbanum is in whitish or yellowish tears, or in brownish-yellow or brownish masses, formed of these tears agglutinated, and con- taining various impurities. The odor is peculiar, and somewhat balsamic; the taste is hot, bitter, and acrid. It is stimulant, expectorant, and antispasmodic, in doses of ten to twenty grains ; and also used exter- nally to indolent swellings, etc. Purified Galbanum. R. Galbanum, in small pieces, three parts. "Water, two parts. Digest in a tared capsule until the gum resin is completely divided, add sufficient stronger alcohol to form with the water of the emulsion a menstruum of sixty percent, alcoholic strength ; boil for a minute, strain with expression through moderately coarse muslin, and evaporate by means of a water- bath, to the proper consistence. Paris Codex. Compound Galbanum Pills. R. Galbanum, Myrrh, each, thirty-six grains. Assafetida, twelve grains. Syrup, sufficient. Beat into mass, and divide into twenty-four pills. U. S. Ph. Dose, two to four, in chlorosis and hys- teria. R. Assafetida, ~) Galbanum, v each, two ounces. Myrrh, ) Molasses, one ounce. Heat by a water-bath and stir until the mass assumes a uniform consistence. It is called Compound Fill of Assafetida by Brit. Ph. Dose, five to ten grains. R. Galbanum, two drachms. Oil of savine, four to twelve drops. Malate of iron, one drachm and a half. Powdered valerian, sufficient. Beat into mass, and divide into one hun- dred and twenty pills. Two three times a day, in amenorrhcea, chlorosis, etc. Phoebus. Galbanum Mixture. R. Galbanum, Yinegar of squill, two drachms. Fennel water, each, two fl. ounces. Spirit of Mindererus, two fl. drachms. Spirit of nitrous ether, one fl. drachm. Syrup of mallows, half fl. ounce. Mix. Three or four spoonfuls a day, in humid asthma. John. Tincture of Galbanum. R. Galbanum, in small pieces, two ounces. Proof spirit, two pints. Digest for seven days, and filter. Dub. Ph. 1826. Antispasmodic, etc. In doses of one to three fl. drachms. Compound Tincture of Galbanum. R. Tincture of galbanum, " wormwood, Spirit of rosemary, Mix. Dose, forty to fifty drops. Augustin. equal parts. Galbanum Plaster. R. Lead plaster, eight ounces. Galbanum, ^ Ammoniacum, v each, one ounce. Yellow wax, ) Melt the galbanum and ammoniac, and strain : then add the plaster and wax, pre- viously melted, and mix. Brit. Ph. R. Turpentine, five parts. Yellow wax, eight parts. Melt together, and add Galbanum, softened \>y vinegar, Mix. twelve parts. Span. Ph. 304 GALIUM VERUM. — GALLA. Compound Galbanum Plaster. R. Galbanum, eight troyounces. Turpentine, one troyounce. Burgundy pitch, three troyounces. Lead plaster, thirty-six troyounces. Melt the galbanum and turpentine toge- ther, strain, add the pitch, and then the lead plaster, melted ; mix well. U. S. Ph. This resembles the compound diachylon plaster of Ph. Germ., and the gummy diachylon plaster of Paris Codex. A good application to chronic scrofulous enlargements of the glands and joints. R. Galbanum and saffron plaster, eight parts. Camphor, } each, Petroleum, V- one Carbonate of ammonium, ) part. Melt together. In chronic rheumatism. Augustin. Galbanum Plaster with Saffron. R. Lead plaster, twenty-four parts. Yellow wax, eight parts. Melt, and when nearly cold, add Purified galbanum, twenty-four parts, previously dissolved by the aid of a water- bath in Common turpentine, six parts. Then add Powdered saffron, one part, previously beaten, with some alcohol, into a pulpy mass. Mix well, and form into rolls. Ph. Germ. R. Yellow wax, } Resin, v each, six parts. Burgundy pitch, ) Melt together, and add, diffused in Common turpentine, three parts. Powdered ammoniac, M galbanum, each, tw r o parts. Afterwards add the mixture of Powdered mastic, ) , , ,, u f each, two " myrrh, > h- " olibanum, ) saffron, one part. Mix thoroughly. This is the ernplastrum oxycroceum, much employed in Europe. Ph. Germ. GALIUM VERUM. Yellow Ladies-Bedstraw. A perennial, herbaceous plant, native of Europe, which is stated to have the power of coagulating milk, and also used to dye yellow. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ru- biaceaj. Linn. Sp. PI. 155. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. i. 202. The whole plant is used ; it has an agreea- ble odor, and an astringent, acidulous, some- what acrid taste. It was at one time much used in epilepsy and hysteria, and also as an application in cutaneous affections. Infusion of Yellow Ladies-Bedstraw. R. Flowers of yellow ladies- bedstraw, two drachms. Boiling water, two pints. Digest for an hour, and strain, 'f o be taken in a tepid state, in wineglassful doses, as a sedative and antispasmodic, in cere- bral affections. Chaussier. "Wine of Yellow Ladies-Bedstraw. R. Expressed juice of yellow ladies-bedstraw, six fl. ounces. White wine, one to two fl. ounces. Mix. To be taken in epilepsy, as soon as indications of an attack manifest them- selves. Bories. GALLA. Galls. Galls are morbid excrescences on Quercns infecloria, caused by the puncture of a hy- menopterous insect, the DiploUpis gallce tinc- torial. They come from the Levant ports, and present several varieties, the best of which are dark colored. They are round, hard, solid, brittle, inodorous, and have a bitter, very astringent taste. They contain tannic and gallic acids. They are power- fully astringent. They are more used as external applications than as internal reme- dies. Dose, ten to thirty grains, several times a day. Compound Powder of Galls. R. Powdered galls, " kino, each, Powdered alum, Mix. As a styptic. half an ounce, two drachms, Radius. GALLA 305 Decoction of Galls. R. Galls, half an ounce. Water, one pint and a half. Boil to a pint, and strain. R. Bruised galls, two ounces and a half. Water, two pints. Boil to a pint, and strain. Lond. Ph. Infusion of Galls. R. Powdered galls, one to two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Digest for an hour, and strain. Used for injections, fomentations, gargles, etc. Taddei. Compound Infusion of Galls. R. Infusion of galls, four fl. ounces. Prepared chalk, half an ounce. Tincture of opium, half fl. drachm. Powdered gum Arabic, one drachm. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours. In diarrhoea. Ellis. Gargle of Galls. R. Infusion of galls, seven fl. ounces. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. Mix. As a gargle in relaxation of uvula and soft palate. Ellis. Lotion of Galls. R. Claret wine, one pint. Common salt, one drachm. Sulphate of iron, two drachms. Boil for a few minutes, and add Oxide of copper, one drachm. Boil for two minutes. Add Powdered galls, two drachms. This is used to color the hair ; it is to be washed with this fluid, dried with a warm cloth, and then washed with common water. Laforest. Aromatic Syrup of Galls. R. Bruised galls, four drachms. Brandy, eight fl. ounces. Powdered cinnamon, " mace, each, two drachms. Digest for two hours, and then burn off the brandy, holding some lumps of sugar in the 20 flame ; strain ; decant. Dose, a table- spoonful every two hours. In obstinate chronic diarrhoea. Parrish. R. Powdered galls, half a troyounce. " cinnamon, " nutmeg, each, two drachms. Glycerin, six drachms. Syrup, six fl. ounces. Brandy, sufficient. Obtain from the mixed powders, with brandy, six fl. ounces of tincture, add the glycerin, evaporate at 125° to three fl. ounces, filter, and mix with the syrup. D. G. Potts. Tincture of Galls. R. Galls, in powder, No. 50, four troyounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by percolation two pints. U. S. Ph. The tincture of Brit. Ph. is of about the same strength. R. Bruised galls, one part. Alcohol, sp. gr. 892, five parts. Macerate for a week, express, and filter. Ph. Germ. A powerful astringent, in doses of one to three fl. drachms. R. Bruised galls, one pound. Water, two pints. Macerate twenty-four hours, and add Alcohol, two pints. Eau de Cologne, six fl. ounces. Filter. As an injection, diluted with water, in leucorrhoea and gonorrhoea. Gibert. Extract of Galls. R. Galls, in coarse powder, at will. Macerate in sufficient water to cover them for twenty-four hours ; then introduce the moist mass into a displacer, and act on it with water, until the galls are nearly ex- hausted ; evaporate the infusion to dryness, on a water-bath. Ointment of Extract of Galls. R. Extract of galls, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. Triturate the extract with a little water, until it is reduced to a uniform syrupy con- sistence, then add the lard, and mix tho- roughly. D. S. Jones. 306 GAMBOGIA Ointment of Galls. R. Galls, in very fine powder, sixty grains. Lard, four hundred and twenty grains. Mix thoroughly. As an application to piles, prolapsus ani, and to indolent ulcers. U. S. Ph. R. Galls, in fine powder, eighty grains. Benzoinated lard, one ounce. Mix thoroughly. Brit. Ph. Compound Ointment of Galls. R. Ointment of galls, one ounce. Powdered opium, thirty-two grains. Mix thoroughly. This is the ointment of galls and opium of Brit. Ph. As an application to irritable piles, etc. R. Powdered galls, Tincture of opium, each, two parts. Camphor, one part. Lard, eight parts. Triturate well together. As an application to painful piles. Foy. R. Finely powdered galls, one scruple. Simple cerate, one ounce. Essence of lemon, twenty drops. Lead water, Laudanum, each, forty drops. Rub well together. As an application to hemorrhoids, after subsidence of inflamma- tion. Dewees. GAMBOGIA. Gamboge. This is the gum resin of Garcinia morella, var. pedicellata (Garcinia gvtta, Wi^ht), a tree growing in Siam and other portions of the East Indies. Sex. 8yst. Polyand. monog. Nat. 8yst. Clu- siacesB. Graham, Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 199. Griffith, Med. Bot 152. Gamboge, also called cambago and gntti, is a gum resin, of a yellow-orange color, Opaque, brittle, almost inodorous, of an in- sipid taste at first, but soon becoming acrid. 1 1 is a powerful hydragogue and drastic pur- gative, but apt 1o produce nausea and vomit- ing. Dose, from one to six grains, in pill, emulsion, or alkaline solution. Compound Powder of Gamboge. R. Bitartrate of potassium, two drachms. Powdered jalap, one drachm. " gamboge, six grains. Mix, and divide into six powders. One to be given every two or three hours, in syrup, as a hydragogue purgative. Ellis. R. Powdered gamboge, two grains. " sulphate of iron, six grains. " sugar, one scruple. Oil of peppermint, three drops. Mix. To be taken twice a day, against tapeworm. Vogt. R eacji, one ounce. Compound Pills of Gamboge Powdered gamboge, " Barbadoes aloes, Compound powder of cinnamon, Hard soap, in powder, two ounces. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and beat into a uniform mass. Dose, five to ten grains. Brit. Ph. R. Powdered gamboge, ten grains. " guaiacum, Blanched almonds, each, one drachm. Syrup, sufficient. Beat together, and form twenty-eight pills. Two to four, as a gentle purgative. Saunders. Alkaline Solution of Gamboge. R. Powdered gamboge, one drachm. Carbonate of potassium, three drachms. Water, six fl. drachms. Dissolve. Dose, fifteen drops every three hours, as a hydragogue in dropsies. Van Mons. Gamboge Mixture. R. Powdered gamboge, four grains. Spirit of nitrous ether, one fl. drachm. Tincture of senna, two fl. drachms. Mint water, Syrup of buckthorn, each, half a fl. ounce. Mix. Asa hydragogue purgative, in dropsy, especially in hydrothorax. Ferriar. GAUL THE HI A. — GELSEMIUM. 307 R. Gamboge, two scruples. Tartrate of potassium, one ounce. White sugar, two drachms. Water, six ounces. Make a solution. As a purgative in ascites. A tablespoonful, every two or three hours, until it operates. Dewees. Gamboge and Elaterin Mixture. R. Gamboge, four grains. Elaterin, half a grain. Sweet spirit of nitre, one ounce. Water, four ounces. Mix. As a hydragogue purgative, in as- cites. A tablespoonful, to be taken every two or three hours, until free purgation is induced. Dewees. Alkaline Tincture of Gamboge. R. Gamboge, one part. Carbonate of potassium, two parts. Diluted alcohol, twenty-four parts. Digest for some days, and filter. Scherf. Ammoniacal Tincture of Gamboge. R. Gamboge, thirty-six grains. Spirit of ammonia, four fl. ounces. Digest for eight days, and filter. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Swediaur. GAULTHERIA. Partridge Berry. The leaves of Gaultheria procumbens, a small, indigenous, evergreen plant, found in most parts of the United States, in dry, sandy situations. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ericaceae. Kalm, Amcen. Acad. iii. 14. Griffith, Med. Bot. 424. These leaves have a peculiar aromatic taste and odor, with a little astringency. They are stimulant, and somewhat tonic and astringent ; and are much used in the form of tea, in howel diseases, and as an emmenagogue. Oil of Partridge Berry. R. Leaves of partridge berry, at will. "Water, sufficient. Distil, and collect the oil that passes. U. S. Ph. Principally used to flavor mixtures, etc. In large doses, is poisonous. Dissolved in diluted alcohol, is in common use as a car- minative and stimulant. Partridge-Berry "Water. R. Oil of partridge berry, sixteen drops. Carbonate of magnesium, one drachm. Water, one pint. Triturate the oil, magnesia, and a little of the water together, then add the rest of the water, and filter. GELSEMIUM. Yellow Jasmine. G. sempervirens is indigenous in the south- ern portion of this country ; it is a high climbing shrub with opposite and entire ovate-lanceolate shining leaves, and showy, yellow, fragrant flowers. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monogyn. Nat. Syst. Loganiaceje. The root is the officinal part ; it comes in pieces varying in length and thickness, and consisting of a hard, woody central portion covered with a brownish-gray bark ; the latter has a persistent aromatic odor, and a balsamic and bitter taste. It contains an alkaloid, gelseminia, which is probably the active ]irinciple, and a peculiar crystalliz- able acid called gelseminic acid. It is a nervous and arterial sedative, poisonous in overdoses, and has been recommended in pneumonia, pleurisy, neuralgia, intermit- tent and yellow fever. Dose, three to ten grains, usually in the form of tincture or fluid extract. Tincture of Yellow Jasmine. R. Powdered yellow jasmine root, four troyounces. Diluted alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. Macerate for two weeks, and filter. Dose, twenty to forty drops. Maryland Coll. Ph. Fluid Extract of Yellow Jasmine. R. Yellow jasmine, in powder, N-o. 80, sixteen troyounces. Alcohol, sufficient. Moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of alcohol, pack in a percolator, add twelve fl. ounces of alcohol, and macerate for four days; then with alcohol displace twenty- four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, evaporate the remaining tincture to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Dose, three to five minims, gradually in- creased. 308 GENTIANA. GENTIANA. Gentian. The roots of several species of gentian are used in medicine ; but that which is most generally recognized as officinal is Gentiana lutea, a tall, perennial plant, native of the mountains of Europe. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Gen- Linn. Sp. PI. 329. Griffith, Med. Bot. 460. The root is of a grayish-brown color ex- ternally, and yellowish within ; it has a slightly sweetish, but extremely bitter taste, residing in a principle called gentiopicrin, and a faint but peculiar odor. It is a pure and simple bitter tonic, with no astringency. The dose of the powder is from ten to forty grains, but is seldom given in this form. The principle formerly called gentianin is crystallizable gentisic acid, having a yellow color. The root of G. Catesbcei, of this country, is sometimes used like the preceding. Compound Powder of Gentian. R. Powdered gentian, ) each, " cascarilla, v one " orange-peel, ) drachm. Peppermint sugar, three drachms. Mix. Dose, thirty grains, several times a day, as a stomachic. Augustin. Extract of Gentian. R. Gentian, in powder, No. 40, twelve troyounces. Water, sufficient. Exhaust the powder by means of displace- ment. Boil the liquid to three-fourths of its bulk, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. and Paris Codex. The process of Ph. Germ, is similar, maceration and expression being directed in place of percolation. B. Gentian, sliced, one pound. Boiling distilled water, ten pounds. Infuse for two hours, boil for fifteen min- utes, pour off", press, and strain ; then evap- orate to the proper consistence. Brit. Ph. Dose, ten to thirty grains, as a tonic; also as a basis for various metallic pills. Compound Gentian Pills. B. Powdered aloes, one drachm. Extract of gentian, half a drachm. Oil of caraway, ten drops. Syrup, sufficient. Beat into mass, and form pills of four grains. Two or three for a dose, as a purgative, Ellis. Extract of gentian. Powdered rhubarb, Soap, Water, equal parts. sufficient. Beat into mass, and form four grain pills. Tonic and laxative. Fulda Dis. Fluid Extract of Gentian. R. Gentian, in powder, No. 40, sixteen troyounces. Glycerin, three fl. ounces. Water, five fl. ounces. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of the mixture, pack into a percolator, add the remaining liquid, and macerate for four days ; then, with diluted alcohol, percolate twenty-four fl. ounces, re- serving the first fourteen ; add to the re- mainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate to two fl. ounces, and mix with the reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Infusion of Gentian. R. Contused gentian, one drachm. Cold water, twenty-five ounces. Infuse for four hours, and strain. Paris Codex. Compound Infusion of Gentian. R. Gentian, in powder, No. 40, half a troyounce. Bitter orange-peel, in powder, No. 40, Coriander, in powder, No. 40, each, sixty grains. Alcohol, two fl. ounces. Water, fourteen fl. ounces. Moisten the powders with three fl. drachms of the mixed liquids, pack firmly into a percolator, add the remaining mixture, and finally water to obtain one pint. U. S. Ph. Dose, a fl. ounce, as a tonic. A preparation scarcely differing from the foregoing is now called Gentian Mixture by the Brit. Ph. R. Gentian, sliced, Bitter orange-peel, cut, each, sixty grains. Fresh lemon-peel, cut, a quarter ounce. Boiling distilled water, ten fl. ounces. Infuse for an hour, and strain. Brit. Ph. Weaker than the preceding. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. GEKTIANA 309 R. Bruised gentian, " calamus, each, one ounce. Centaury, six drachms. Rosemary, two drachms. Boiling water, four pints. Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. Used as an emmenagogue, in doses of three ounces, twice a day. Spielmann. Infusion of Gentian with Rhubarb. R. Bruised gentian, one drachm. " rhubarb, two drachms. Boiling water, twelve fl. ounces. Macerate for an hour, strain, and add Carbonate of ammonium, two scruples. Dose, one to two fl. ounces, in dyspepsia, chronic rheumatism, etc. Steph. and Church. Mixture of Gentian. R. Carbonate of magnesium, one drachm. Infusion of gentian, six fl. ounces. Mix. A wineglassful three times a day, as an antilithic, where uric acid abounds. Brande. See also Compound infusion of gentian. R. Extract of gentian, two drachms. Carbonate of potassium, two scruples. Mint water, five fl. ounces. Tincture of orange-peel, five fl. drachms. Sugar, one ounce. Mix. A spoonful three times a day, as a stomachic and carminative. Berends. Concentrated Infusion of Gentian. R. Gentian, in powder, Orange-peel, " Coriander, " two troy- ounces. each, half a troj^ounce. sufficient. Diluted alcohol, Make a pint of tincture by percolation. For compound infusion of gentian add four fl. ounces of this tincture to twelve fl. ounces of water. Thus made, it contains the proper proportion of alcohol, and is of officinal strength in gentian, orange-peel, and coriander. Shinn. Wine of Gentian. R. Gentian, bruised, three parts. Alcohol, of 60 pr. ct., six parts. Macerate for twenty-four hours, and add French red wine, one hundred parts. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. Paris Codex. R to Ferrate d Elixir of Gentian. Pyrophosphate of iron, two hundred and fifty-six grains. Water, two fl. ounces. Curacoa cordial, six fl. ounces. Fluid extract of gentian, two fl. ounces. Sherry wine, sufficient make one pint. Dose, one to two tea- spoonfuls. W. B. Thompson. Compound Wine of Gentian. R. Gentian, coarsely powdered, half an ounce. Yellow bark, coarsely powdered, one ounce. Orange-peel, two drachms. Canella, in coarse powder, one drachm. Proof spirit, four fl. ounces and a half. Sherry wine, thirty-six fl. ounces. Digest the root and barks in the spirit for twenty-four hours; add wine, digest for seven days, express, strain, and filter. Ed. Ph. A stomachic bitter, in doses of four to eight fl. drachms. Syrup of Gentian. R. Bruised gentian, one part. Boiling water, sufficient. Macerate for six hours, express, strain, and obtain ten parts of infusion ; add Sugar, nineteen parts. Dissolve. Dose, a teaspoonful to a table- spoonful. Paris Codex. Syrup of Extract of Gentian. R. Aqueous extract of gentian, two drachms. Water, eight fl. ounces. Sugar, sixteen ounces (avoir.). Dissolve the extract in the water, add the sugar, and form a syrup with a gentle heat, and strain. W. Procter, 310 GERANIUM. Tincture of Gentian. R. Gentian, one part. Alcohol, of 60 pr. ct., five parts. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. Acidulated Tincture of Gentian. R. Compound tincture of gentian, four fl. ounces. Elixir of vitriol, half fl. drachm. Mix. A teaspoonful, in sugar and water, three or four times a day. Ellis. Compound Tincture of Gentian. R. Gentian, in powder, No. 50, two troyounces. Orange-peel, in powder, No. 50, one troy ounce. Cardamom, in powder, No. 50, half a frrxtyounce. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by displacement two pints. The corresponding tincture of Brit. Ph. is about one-seventh stronger. An excellent bitter tonic, in dose of one to two fl. drachms. Ammoniacal Tincture of Gentian. R. Bruised gentian, one ounce. Carbonate of ammonium, two drachms. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate the root in the alcohol for eight days, filter, and add the ammonia. Dose, one to four fl. drachms, in scrofula. Taddei. Alkaline Tincture of Gentian. R. Bruised gentian, ten parts. Carbonate of sodium, three parts. Alcohol, of CO per ct., three hundred parts. Macerate for ten days, and filter. Used in same cases, and same doses, as the former. This is the Compound tincture of gen- tian of Paris Codex. Mixture of Tincture of Gentian. R. Tincture of gentian, one fl. ounce and a half. Tincture of rhubarb, " cinnamon, each, half fl. ounce. " opium, ten drops. Mix. A dessertspoonful every hour, in diarrhoea. Foy. R. Extract of gentian, " cascarilla, each, two drachms. Peppermint water, four fl. ounces. Mix. In spoonful doses, as a tonic and stomachic. St. Marie. Gentian and Sulphuric Acid Mixture. R. Compound infusion of gentian, five fl. ounces. Compound tincture of gentian, Diluted sulphuric acid, one fl. ounce. one fl. drachm. Mix. A tablespoonful, three times a day, in dyspepsia. Brande. GERANIUM. Cranesbill. This is the rhizome of Geranium macula- turn, a native, perennial plant, found, in most parts of the country, in woods and shady places. Sex. Syst. Monadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Geraniaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 955. Griffith, Med. Bot. 209. The root is in small rough pieces, of a dark-brown color externally, and flesh- colored within. It is inodorous ; the taste is astringent, but not bitter. The dose is from ten to thirty grains, as an astringent, in all cases in which kino or rhatany is found useful. Decoction of Geranium. R. Geranium, one ounce. Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to a pint. Dose, from one to two fl. ounces. Wood. Aromatic Syrup of Geranium. R. Powdered geranium, three troyounces. " cinnamon, sixty grains. u cloves, " nutmeg, each, thirty grains. Sugar, eight troyounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain from the mixed aromatics by per- colation half a fl. ounce, and from the ge- ranium one pint of tincture ; evaporate the latter to four fl. ounces, filter, dissolve in it the sugar, strain, and add the aromatic tincture. Dose, a teaspoonful. D. G. Potts. GEOFFROYA INEEMIS. G-EUM. 311 Fluid Extract of Geranium. R. Geranium, in powder, No. 50, sixteen troyounces. Glycerin, three fluid ounces. Water, five fluidounces. Alcohol, eight fluidounces. Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of the mixture, pack into a percolator, add the remaining liquid, and macerate for four days. Then with diluted alcohol displace twenty-four fluidounces, reserving the first fourteen, add to the re- mainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to thirty minims. Extract of Geranium. R. Bruised geranium root, one pound. Water, one gallon. Boil down to one-half, strain, and evapo- rate to due consistence. This extract is very similar to that of Rhatany, and may be given in the same cases and in the same GEOFFROYA INERMIS. Cabbage-Tree Bark. The Cabbage-Tree is a native of the West India Islands ; it is a large tree, having a smooth, gray bark. Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Fabacese. Linn. Sp. PL 1043. Griffith, Med. Bot. 247. (Andira.) The bark is in long, fibrous pieces, of a brownish-ash-color externally, and yellow- ish within ; it has a resinous fracture, an unpleasant odor, and a sweetish, mucilagi- nous, bitterish taste. It is a powerful vermi- fuge, in doses of a scruple to half a drachm. The best form of administration is in syrup. Decoction of Cabbage-Tree Bark, R. Cabbage-tree bark, one ounce. Water, two pints. Boil down to one pint, and strain. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Ellis. Extract of Cabbage-Tree Bark. R. Cabbage-tree bark, one part. Water, eight parts. Boil for a quarter of an hour, strain ; add four parts of water, boil, and strain ; evapo- rate the united decoctions to a proper con- sistence. Dose, three grains. Belg. Ph. Mixture of Cabbage-Tree Bark. R. Cabbage-tree bark, half an ounce. Water, six ounces. Boil for half an hour, strain, and add Tincture of cabbage-tree bark, one ounce. Syrup of orange, peel, half an ounce. A tablespoonful, morning and evening. Niemann. GEUM. AVENS. 1. GEUM BIYALE. Water Avens. This plant is a native of Europe and the United States, in wet, boggy situations. Sex. Syst. Icosand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Rosa- cese. Linn. Sp. PI. 717. English Bot. 1, 106. Root reddish or purplish, hard and brittle, inodorous, of an astringent, bitterish taste. It is tonic and astringent, and has been used advantageously in passive hemor- rhages, leucorrhcea, etc. The dose, in powder, is from a scruple to a drachm, three times a day. R Decoction of Water Avens. Water avens root, one ounce. Water, oue pint and a half. Boil down to a pint, and strain. To be given in doses of one or two fl. ounces. 2. GEUM YIRGINIANUM. White Avens. Also a native of the United States, grow- ing in woods and along streams. Elowers small and white. Linn. Sp. PI. 719. Griffith, Med. Bot. 279. The root is of a brown color, somewhat aromatic, and of a bitterish, astringent taste. It has the same properties as the G. Rivale, and is given in the same cases and doses. 3. GEUM URBANUM. Avens. A native of Europe, growing in woods and waste places. The flowers are small, and of a yellow color. Linn. Sp. PI. 716. Eng. Bot. i. 1400. The root called clove root in Europe, con- 312 GILLEXIA. GLYCERIC A. sists of a short caudex with many long fibres. "When fresh, it has somewhat the odor of cloves, but when dry, is almost in- odorous. The taste is bitter and astringent. Like the other species, it is tonic and as- tringent. Compound Powder of Avens. R. Powdered avens root, " gum Arabic, each, three drachms. kino, cinnamon, each. one drachm, half an ounce. sugar, Mix. A teaspoonful every two or three hours, in diarrhoea. Vogel. Mixture of Avens. R. Bruised avens, one ounce. Water, twelve fl. ounces. Boil to eight ounces, and to the strained cold decoction, add Extract of avens, two drachms. Sulphuric ether, one drachm. Mix. Two spoonfuls every two hours. As a febrifuge. Radius. GILLENIA. Indian Physic. This is the root of Gillenia trifoliata and G. stipulacea, native herbaceous plants, found in most parts of the country, in shady and rather marshy situations. Sex. Syst. Icosand. pentag. Nat. Syst. Bosa- ceae. Mcench, Sp. PI. 286. Grifiith, Med. Bot. 282. The roots are about as thick as a quill, wrinkled longitudinally, and irregularly un- dulated ; a light brown color, and consisting of a thick cortical portion, and slender lig- neous centre. The bark is of a disagreeable, bitter taste. It is a mild and certain emetic, and forms a good substitute for ipecacuanha. The dose is from twenty to thirty grains, to be repeated in half an hour if it does not produce the desired effect. GLYCERINA. Glycerin. R. Lend plaster, recently prepared, and fluid, Boiling water, each, one gallon. Mix, stir briskly for fifteen minutes, cool, and pour off the supernatant liquid. Eva- porate this to the sp. gr. 1.15, and pass a current of sulphuretted hydrogen slowly through it while a black precipitate is thrown down. Filter, boil, and evaporate until the liquid ceases to lose weight. U. S. Ph. 1850. In a pure state it is a nearly colorless, vis- cid fluid, and is uncrystallizable. Sp. gr. 1.25. Glycerin is now made by decomposing fats and distilling by steam under high pressure. It has been used with success in lotions, poultices, baths, etc., to render them emol- lient and soothing; in diseases of the skin, as pityriasis, impetigo, chapped hands, nip- ples, face, etc. Lotion of Glycerin. R. Glycerin, one fl. drachm. Borax, ten grains. Rose water, seven fl. drachms. Mix. Used as a lotion in lichen, three times a day ; also in chapped hands. Clymer. Glycerin Ointment. R. Spermaceti, half an ounce. White wax, one drachm. Oil of almonds, two fl. ounces. Glycerin, one fl. ounce. Melt the wax and spermaceti with the oil of almonds at a moderate heat, add the glycerin, and rub until well mixed and cold. Used to protect and soothe inflamed sur- faces. J. H. Ecky. R. White wax, Spermaceti, each, one ounce and a half. five ounces. one fl. ounce. Lard, Glycerin, Melt the wax and spermaceti, add the lard and stir till the mixture thickens, then add the glycerin and mix thoroughly. Used as a substitute for spermaceti cerate. J. Laidley. Glycerin of Starch. R. Starch, one ounce. Glycerin, eight fl. ounces. Rub together in a porcelain dish, heat gradually to 240°, constantly stirring until a translucent jelly is formed. Brit. Ph. R. Powdered starch, one part. Gl3 r cerin, fifteen parts. Mis and boat gradually until a gelatinous mass results. Paris Codex. R. Starch, two parts. Distilled water, one part. Triturate together, and add Glycerin, ten parts. GLTCTEEniZA. 313 Heat by a water-bath until a diaphanous mass results. Ph. Germ. This has also been called plasma and glycamyl ; by the Codex, glycerate of starch; and by the Ph. Germ., glycerin ointment. Glycerin Paste. R. Gum Arabic, one ounce. Boiling water, two fl. ounces. Glycerin, two fl. drachms. Dissolve the gum in the water, add the glvcerin, and strain if necessary. P. B. Goddard. Refined Liquorice. R. Commercial liquorice, at will. Pack in a suitable vessel alternately with | layers of washed straw, cover with cold water, macerate for thirty-six hours, draw off the clear liquid, repeat the maceration until exhausted, and evaporate to the con- sistence of an extract. This is the purified liquorice juice of Ph. Germ. Preferable for mixtures, on account of its complete solubility in water, to the powdered liquorice. GLYCYRKHIZA. Liquorice Root. Several species of this genus have sweet and demulcent roots, but the only officinal species of the U. S. Ph. is the G. glabra, a native of the south of Europe, and of some parts of Asia and Africa, and also success- fully cultivated in more northern regions. Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Fabacea?. Linn. Sp. PI. 1046. Griffith, Med. Bot. 236. The root is in long pieces of various thick- nesses, of a grayish-brown color externally, and yellowish within ; it is inodorous, and. of a sweet, mucilaginous taste, with a slight degree of acridity. The root of G. echinata, which is recognized by several European pharmacopoeias, is known in commerce as Prussian liquorice root, thicker than the former, lighter, .and sweeter, and comes usually deprived of the bark. It is an ex- cellent demulcent, and is much used in af- fections of the mucous membranes, and as an addition to the more irritating or nau- seous remedies, to abate their acrimony or conceal their taste. Extract of Liquorice. R. Liquorice root, in coarse powder, one pound. Distilled water, five pounds. Macerate the root with one-half the water for twelve hours, then with the other half for six hours, express, strain, heat to 212°, strain, and evaporate by a water-bath to a pillular consistence. Brit. Ph. Ph. Germ, proceeds nearly in like man- ner. Paris Codex exhausts with cold water by percolation, and otherwise proceeds as above. Other pharmacopoeias recognize the commercial extract, which is made on the large scale by boiling the root with water, straining, and evaporating. Liquorice Paste. R. Extract of liquorice, one part. Gum Arabic, two parts. Sugar, one part. Water, six parts. Dissolve the extract in the water, after- wards the gum and sugar ; evaporate to the consistence of a pill mass ; roll this into thin sheets upon an oiled slab, cut into small pieces, and dry. Paris Codex. This is the black liquorice paste ; in a similar manner is prepared the broivn liquorice -paste from the following ingre- dients : — R. Extract of liquorice, one part. Water, twenty-five parts. Gum Arabic, fifteen parts. Sugar, ten parts. Extract of opium, one hundredth part. In liquorice paste, Ph. Germ., the opium is omitted. Lozenges of Liquorice. R. Extract of liquorice, Gum Arabic, each, six ounces. Sugar, one pound. Dissolve in sufficiency of boiling water, evaporate on water-bath, to proper consis- tence for lozenges. . Ed. Ph. Lozenges of Liquorice and Opium. R. Powdered extract of opium, twentj^-four grains. Powdered liquorice, two troyounces. " gum Arabic, one troyounce. " sugar, three troyounces. Oil of anise, fifteen minims. Mix the powders well, add the oil of anise, form mass with water, and divide into four hundred and eighty troches. U. S. Ph, 314 GOSSYPIUM, Each lozenge contains one-twentieth of a grain of extract of opium. R. Powdered liquorice, } each, " gum Arabic, > two u sugar, ) drachms. w opium, six grains. Oil of anise, four drops. Mix, and with sufficient water form mass, and divide into sixty lozenges. These are known as Dr. Wistar's cough lozenges. Ellis. Both the above are demulcent and ano- dyne, and are well suited to allay cough, where opium is permissible. Compound Liquorice Powder. R. Liquorice root, Senna, each, two parts. Fennel, Purified sulphur, each, one part. Sugar, six parts. Mix the powders thoroughly. Ph. Germ. A mild aperient and demulcent. Fluid Extract of Liquorice Root. R. Liquorice root, in powder, No. 60, sixteen troyounces. Glycerin, three fl. ounces. Water, five fl. ounces. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of the mixture, pack into a percolator, add the remaining mixture, and macerate for four days. Then displace with diluted alcohol twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, add to the re- mainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. • U. S. Ph. Mixture of Liquorice. R. Powdered liquorice, one drachm. Chamomile water, one fl. ounce. Syrup of mallow, four fl. ounces. Mix. In spoonful doses, to allay cough. Foy. Compound Mixture of Liquorice. R. Powdered liquorice, ~\ each, " gum Arabic, v half an Sugar, ) ounce. Paregoric, two fl. ounces. Antimonial wine, one fl. ounce. Spirit, of nitrous ether, half a fl. ounce. "Water, twelve fl. ounces. Eub the liquorice, gum, and sugar with the water gradually poured on them ; then add the other ingredients and mix. U. S. Ph. R. Powdered liquorice, " gum Arabic, each, two drachms. Boiling water, four fl. ounces. Mix, and dissolve, then add Spirit of nitrous ether, Antimonial wine, each, one fl. drachm. Tincture of opium, forty to fifty drops. A tablespoonful occasionally, in catarrh. Ellis. These mixtures are well known under the name of Brown mixture. Syrup of Liquorice Root. R. Cut Russian liquorice root, four parts. Water, eighteen parts. Macerate over night, express, boil, strain, and evaporate to obtain after filtration seven parts. Add Refined sugar, Clarified honey, each, twelve parts. Dissolve. A pleasant addition to expecto- rant and demulcent mixtures. Ph. Germ. Compound Syrup of Liquorice. R. Liquorice root, two ounces. Maidenhair, one ounce. Hyssop, half an ounce. Water, two pints. Infuse for twenty-four hours, boil to one- half, and add to strained decoction, Honey, eight ounces. Sugar, sixteen ounces. Rose water, four fl. ounces. Make a syrup. As a cough mixture in spoonful doses. Spielmann. GOSSYPIUM. Cotton Is the down or hair attached to the seeds of Qo88ypium herbaceum, and other species of the genus. It consists of fine, white fila- ments, having neither odor nor taste, and is insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, the oils, etc., but is soluble in strong alkaline solu- tions. Sex. 8yst. Monadelph. polyand. Nat. Syst. Malvaceai. GOSSYPII EADICIS CORTEX 315 Linn. Sp. PI. 845. Griffith, Med. Bot. 162. It is principally used for the fabrication of cloth, hut is also employed in medicine, as an application to recent burns and scalds, to erysipelas, and to parts affected with rheumatism. It should be applied in the form of thin sheets. The seeds furnish much oil. Pyroxylon. (Soluble Gun Cotton.) R. Cotton freed from im- purities, half a tro} T ounce. Nitric acid, three troyounces and a half. Sulphuric acid, four troyounces; Mix the acids gradually, reduce the tem- perature to 90°, add the cotton, imbue it thoroughly with the acid, and macerate for fifteen hours ; then wash it thoroughly, first with much cold water, afterwards with hot water, drain and dry. If acids of the officinal strength cannot be obtained, use for the cotton Nitric acid, sp.gr. 1.382 to 1.390, four troyounces. Sulphuric acid, sp. gr. 1.833, ten troyounces, and proceed as above. U. S. Ph, and Ph. Germ. R. Cotton, one ounce. Sulphuric acid, Nitric acid, each, five fl. ounces. Mix the acids in a mortar, immerse the cotton, stir it well for three minutes, wash and dry as directed above. Brit. Ph. R. Cotton, one part. Nitric acid, ten parts. Sulphuric acid, twenty parts. Mix the acids, cool to 86°, immerse the cotton, macerate for one or two days at a temperature below 95°, wash, and dry. Paris Codex. Collodion. R. Pyroxylon, two hundred grains. Stronger ether, twelve fl. ounces and a half. Stronger alcohol, three fl. ounces and a half. Dissolve the gun cotton in the mixed liquids. JJ. S. Ph. R. Pyroxylon, one ounce. Ether, thirty-six fl. ounces. Alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. Dissolve. Brit. Ph. Flexible Collodion. R. Collodion, a pint. Canada turpentine, three hundred and twenty grains. Castor oil, one hundred and sixty grains. Mix. U. S. Ph. R. Collodion, six fl. ounces. Canada balsam, one hundred and twenty grains. Castor oil. Mix. one fl. drachm. Brit. Ph. R. Gun cotton, Castor oil, each, Stronger alcohol, seven parts, twenty-two parts. " ether, sixt3 T -four parts. Dissolve and mix. Paris Codex. These preparations are much used in dressing wounds, the film left after the evaporation of the liquid uniting the edges of the wound and preserving it from con- tact with the air. The former preparation leaves a strongly contractile film, which is liable to crack. GOSSYPII RADICIS CORTEX. Bark of Cotton Root. Obtained from Gossypium herbaceum. The root is considered to be an active emmena- gogue, which property resides in the bark. Decoction of Cotton Root. R. Cotton root, four ounces. one quart. Water, Boil down to a pint. Said to be as effectual as ergot in promoting uterine contraction. Dose, a wineglassful every twenty or thirty minutes. Bouchelle. Fluid Extract of Cotton Root Bark. R. Cotton-root bark, in powder No. 80, sixteen troyounces. Glycerin, three fl. ounces. Water, five fl. ounces. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with five fl. ounces of the mixture, pack into a percolator, add the remaining liquid, and macerate four days. Then, with diluted alcohol displace twenty-four fl. ounces, re- serving the first fourteen, add to the re- mainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to thirty minims. 316 GEANATUM. — GRATIOLA. GRANATUM. Pomegranate. The Punica c/ranatvm, a small tree, a na- tive of, and cultivated in warm climates, and much esteemed for its subacid fruit, af- fords two articles employed medicinally, the rind of the fruit, and the bark of the root. Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Myr- Linn. Sp. PI. 676. Griffith, Med. Bot. 294. The rind, as found in the shops, is in frag- ments of a dry, hai'd, brittle consistence ; of a yellowish or reddish-brown color, inodor- ous, and of an astringent, somewhat bitter taste. The bark of the root is in small pieces, of an ash-gray or yellowish color, externally, yellow within ; brittle, with scarcely any odor, and an astringent, but not bitter taste. The rind is a good astrin- gent, in doses of ten to thirty grains ; and the bark of the root, an efficient vermifuge, especially in a fresh, or recently-dried state. Decoction of Pomegranate Rind. R. Pomegranate rind, two ounces. Distilled water, a pint and a half. Boil to a pint, and strain. Lond. Ph. Dose, one fl. ounce. As an astringent. Gargle of Pomegranate Rind. R. Pomegranate rind, half an ounce. Red roses, Boiling water, Infuse, strain, and add Clarified honey, Alum, two drachms, six fl. ounces. one fl. ounce, two drachms. Used as a gargle, in inflammation of the fauces and throat. Ellis. Injection of Pomegranate Rind. R. Pomegranate rind, one part. Water, thirty-two parts. Boil away one-half. B6ral. Decoction of Pomegranate Root. R. Bark of pomegranate root, two ounces. Water, two pints. Boil to a pint, and strain. Dose, one to two fluidounces. As a vermifuge, in cases of taenia. Brit. Ph. Extract of Pomegranate Root. R. Bark of pomegranate root, at will. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Macerate fora week, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate the residue to proper con- sistence. ISoubciran. Electuary of Extract of Pomegranate Root. R. Extract of pomegranate root, six drachms. Gum tragacanth, sufficient. Lemon juice, two fl. ounces. Linden water, three fl. ounces. Mix. One-half to be taken, and half an hour afterwards the remainder. Radius. Mixture of Extract of Pomegranate Root. R. Extract of pomegranate root, six drachms. / each, f two fl. ounces. Lemon juice, Mint water, Linden water, Mix. One-fourth to be taken every quarter of an hour. Radius. Bolus of Pomegranate Root. R. Powdered bark of pome- granate root, one drachm. Powdered red Peruvian bark, two drachms. Copaiba, sufficient. Mix, and form twelve boluses. One, morn- ing and evening, in chronic mucous dis- charges. Radius. R. Powdered bark of pome- granate root, one drachm. Assafeticla, half a drachm. Croton oil, four drops. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make fifteen boluses. Five a day, in the treatment of taenia. Foy. GRATIOLA. Hedge Hyssop. Most, of the species of this genus have ac- tive properties, but only one of them has been employed in medicine ; theCr. officinalis of Europe. A native species, the G. aurea, is possessed of identical properties, which, in both cases, depend on the presence of yratiolin. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Scroph- ulariacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 24. Griffith, Med. Bot, 518. The whole plant is used; it is almost in- odorous, but lias a bitter, nauseous taste. It, is a drastic cathartic and emetic, with some diuretic properties. It has been stated that it forms I he basis of the Kan medicinale Hu880n. The dose of the powder is from ten to twenty grains. GUAIACUM. 317 Extract of Hedge Hyssop. R. Fresh hedge hyssop, twenty parts. Bruise in a stone mortar, adding some water, express, evaporate to two parts, mix with equal weight of alcohol, filter, and evapo- rate. Dose, one to ten grains. Ph. Germ. Compound Powder of Hedge Hyssop. R. Powdered hedge hyssop, two scruples. Calomel, five grains. Assafetida, half a drachm. Oil of peppermint, three drops. Mix, and divide into two powders. One to be taken every three hours, in taenia. Augustin. Wine of Hedge Hyssop. R. Dried herb of hedge hyssop, one ounce. Contused root of hedge hyssop, half an ounce. White wine, sixteen fl. ounces. Macerate for eight days, with a gentle heat, and strain. A tablespoonful at bedtime, drinking after it half a pint of beef-tea. If necessary, repeat next evening. Perkins. Said to be the original recipe for the Eau mtdicinale. GUAIACUM. GUAIACUM. The Guaiacum officinale, a large tree, a na- tive of the West Indies and some parts of South America, affords two medicinal pro- ducts ; the wood and resin. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Zy- gophyllacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 546. Griffith, Med. Bot. 203. The wood {lignum vitce) is very hard, of a greenish-brown color, of a bitterish, some- what acrid taste, and of a faint smell, except when heated. The resin is of a greenish, or dark-olive color, of a feeble odor, and of an acrid taste. They both are stimulant and alterative, and have been much used in chronic rheumatism, gout, obstinate cuta- neous affections, amenorrhcea, etc. The dose of the resin is from ten to thirty grains. Wood Species.— Wood Tea. R. Rasped guaiacum, four parts. Root of Ononis spinosa, Burdock, each, two parts. Liquorice root, Sassafras root, each, one part. Cut them separately, then mix. Ph. Germ. Used as an alterative. Compound Decoction of Guaiacum Wood. R. Guaiacum shavings, three ounces. Raisins, two ounces. Sassafras root, rasped, Liquorice root, bruised, each, one ounce. Water, eight pints. Boil the guaiacum and raisins in the water, down to five pints, adding the other ingre- dients, towards the close of the operation. Strain. Ed. Ph. This is the old decoction of the woods. From one to two pints may be taken, during the day, in divided doses, as an al- terative in chronic rheumatism and cuta- neous dieases. R. Rasped guaiacum wood, two drachms. Water, sufficient to obtain one pint of strained decoction. After an hour's boiling, add Wine of colchicum seed, two drachms. A wineglassful every two hours, in chronic pains of the joints. Radius. Extract of Guaiacum Wood. R. Powdered guaiacum wood, at will. Exhaust with boiling water, by means of a displacement apparatus, and evaporate. Van Mons. Oil of Guaiacum Wood. R. Guaiacum wood, at will. Distil on a sand-bath, separate the oil, and rectify it. Dose, four to five drops, in gonorrhoea ; also as a friction in rheuma- tism. Taddei. Compound Oil of Guaiacum. R. Oil of guaiacum, three ounces. Balsam of Peru, one ounce. Ammoniated alcohol, half an ounce. Mix. In caries of the teeth, and as a dressing to malignant ulcers. Swediaur. Compound Powder of Guaiacum. R. Powdered resin of guaiacum, two drachms. Cream of tartar, half an ounce. Sugar, six drachms. 318 GMJAIACTJM Mix. Three teaspoonfuls a day, in gout. Phoebus. B. Powdered resin of guaiacum, " nitrate of potassium, each, one drachm. Powdered ipecacuanha, three grains. " opium, two grains. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every three hours, as a stimulating diapho- retic in acute rheumatism, after reduction of inflammation. Ellis. Pills of Guaiacum and Turpentine. B. Powdered resin of guaiacum, one drachm. Venice turpentine, sufficient. Mix, and make fifteen pills. One, three times a day, in gleet and leucorrhoea. Ellis. Pills of Guaiacum, Aloes, etc. B. Powdered guaiacum resin, one drachm. Powdered aloes, thirty-six grains. " rhubarb, two drachms. Canada balsam, sufficient. Form mass, and divide into forty-eight pills. One, every three hours, as a stimu- lating cathartic. Ellis. Pills of Guaiacum, Antimony, etc. B. Powdered resin of guaiacum, Golden sulphuret of antimony, each, half a drachm. Calomel, ten grains. Extract of dandelion, sufficient. Form mass, and divide into three-grain pills. Three to four, three times a day, in painful affections of the joints. Hildebrand. Pills of Guaiacum, Sulphur, etc. B. Powdered resin of guaiacum, half an ounce. Washed sulphur, one ounce. Crude antimony, one drachm and a half. Ext ract of blessed thistle, sufficient. Form mass, and make pills of two grains. Ten, three times a day, in gout, rheuma- tism, aad obstinate cutaneous affections. Quarin. Mixture with Guaiacum, etc. B. Powdered resin of guaiacum, two drachms. Powdered nitrate of potassium, one drachm and a half. Powdered gum Arabic, one drachm. Powdered tartar emetic, one grain. liquorice, one scruple. Distilled or mint water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful, three or four times a day, in rheumatism, etc. Ellis. Guaiacum Mixture. B. Resin of guaiacum, Sugar, each, half an ounce. Powdered gum Arabic, two drachms. Cinnamon water, one pint. Rub the resin with the sugar and gum Arabic, and gradually add the cinnamon water while rubbing. Brit. Ph. One to three tablespoonfuls, two or three times a day. Mixture of Guaiacum and Bitter- sweet. B. Powdered resin of guaiacum, two drachms. Powdered gum Arabic, three drachms. Extract of bittersweet, three drachms. Syrup of mallow, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours, in chronic rheumatism. Berends. Tincture of Guaiacum. Guaiacum resin, in powder, No. 40, six troyounces. Alcohol, sufficient. Mix guaiacum with an equal bulk of sand, pack in a percolator, cover with a layer of sand, and obtain by displacement two pints. U. S. Ph. B. Resin of guaiacum, bruised, one part. Alcohol, five parts. Digest for eight days, and filter. Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. Dose, one to three fl. drachms, three or four times a day, in gout and chronic rheu- matism ; to be given in milk or mucilage. OUTTA-PEEOHA 319 Dewees's Tincture. R. Powdered resin of guaiacum, four ounces. Carbonate of sodium or potassium, one drachm and a half. Powdered pimento, one ounce. Diluted alcohol, one pint. Digest for a few days. Add volatile spirit of ammonia, if required, in proportion of one or two drachms to each four ounces of tincture. Highly praised in idiopathic amenorrhcea, in doses of a teaspoonful, three times a day, in milk or wine. Dewees. Tincture of Guaiacum and Corrosive Sublimate. R. Resin of guaiacum, Canada balsam, each, one troyounce. Corrosive sublimate, twenty grains. Oil of sassafras, two drachms. Alcohol, half a pint. Digest for several days, and filter. Dose, ten to twenty minims. Known as tincture anticrid. Maryland Coll. Ph. Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiacum. R. Powdered resin of guaiacum, six troyounces. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, two pints. Macerate for seven days, and filter. U. S. Ph. The tincture of Brit. Ph. is nearly iden- tical with this. R. Powdered resin of guaiacum, three parts. Alcohol, ten parts. Water of ammonia, five parts. Macerate for a week, and filter. Ph. Germ. Dose, one to two fl. drachms, two or three times a day, in chronic rheumatism. Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiacum and Copaiba. R. Ammoniated tincture of guaiacum, one fl. ounce. Copaiba, half fl. ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful two or three times a day, in amenorrhcea with general debility. Ellis. Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiacum and Paregoric. R. Ammoniated tincture of guaiacum, one fl. ounce. Camphorated tincture of opium, one fl. ounce. Mix. Two teaspoonfuls every two hours, in misplaced and retrocedent gout. Ellis. Odontalgic Mixture of Guaiacum. R . Tincture of guaiacum, six fl. drachms. Oil of valerian, one fl. ounce. Syrup of scurvy grass, Compound tincture of benzoin, each, two fl. drachms. Tincture of opium, one fl. drachm. Mix. A teaspoonful mixed with hot water, to be held in the mouth, in toothache. Carus. Mixture of Tincture of Guaiacum and Henbane. R. Tincture of guaiacum, two fl. drachms. " henbane, one fl. drachm. Mix. Twenty to thirty drops, morning and evening, in spasm of the stomach and neuralgia. Radius. GUTTA-PERCHA. Gutta-percha. It is the hardened milk juice of Isonandr a gutta, a ^magnificent tree of the Malayan archipela'go, and belonging to the order of Sapotacece. Gutta-percha is somewhat re- lated to caoutchouc and contains several resins, an acid, and casein ; it is hard at the ordinary temperature, but softens and be- comes plastic and somewhat elastic when heated ; its best solvents are chloroform and oil of turpentine. It is mostly employed in surgery, in the formation of splints, and for bougies and pessaries. Solution of Gutta-percha. R. Gutta-percha in thin slices, one troyounce and a half. Chloroform, seventeen troyounces. Carbonate of lead, in powder, two troyounces. 320 HJEMATOXYLOK. Dissolve the gutta-percha, by agitation, in twelve troyounces of chloroform, add the carbonate previously mixed with the re- maining chloroform, agitate occasionally for half an hour, set aside for ten days, and decant the limpid, colorless or straw- colored solution. U. S. Ph. It leaves, on evaporation, a tenacious film, and is used for similar purposes as collodion. H. H^EMATOXYLON. Logwood. This is the heart wood of Hcematoxylon campeclrianum, a middle-sized tree, a native of Campeachy, and naturalized in several of the West India Islands. It is principally used for dyeing purposes, but is also em- ployed in medicine. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Faba- ceae. Linn. Sp. PL 549. Griffith, Med. Bot. 252. It comes in logs of a dark-yellowish color externally, and deep red internally; for med- ical use, it is chipped or rasped. It has a feeble but peculiar odor, and a sweetish, somewhat astringent taste. It is used as a mild astringent in chronic diseases and re- laxed conditions of the bowels. a Infusion of Logwood. Rasped logwood, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for two hours, and strain. A table- spoonful every two or three hours, in cholera and diarrhoea of children. Ellis. Decoction of Logwood. R. Rasped logwood, one troyounce. Water, two pints. Boil down to a pint, and strain. IT. S. Ph. R. Logwood in chips, one ounce. Cinnamon in coarse powder, sixty grains. Distilled Water, one pint (imper.). Boil for ten minutes, adding cinnamon to- wards the end, Strain, and add water upon strainer to obtain one pint. Brit. Ph. A good astringent in diarrhoea, especially in children. Dose for an adult, two II. ounces ; for a child about two years of age, two or three II. drachms, several times a day. Extract of Logwood. R. Rasped logwood, one pound. Water, one gallon. Boil to four pints, strain while hot, then evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. Dose, from ten to thirty grains. Electuary of Extract of Logwood. R. Extract of logwood, " liquorice, each, two drachms. " Peruvian bark, three drachms. " cascarilla, one drachm. Mucilage of quince-seed, sufficient. Mix. A teaspoonful three times a day, in chronic diarrhoea, etc. Radius. Mixture of Extract of Logwood. R. Extract of logwood, three drachms. Boiling water, seven fl. ounces. Dissolve, strain, and add Tincture of cinnamon, six fl. drachms. " catechu, two fl. drachms. Mix. Dose, one fl. ounce every six hours. Beasley. R. Extract of logwood, Tincture of catechu, three drachms. two fl. drachms. Water, seven fl. ounces. Mix. Two spoonfuls every three or four hours. In diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. R. Extract of logwood, three drachms. Spirit of cinnamon, one fl. ounce and a half. Water, seven fl. ounces. Tincture of kino, two fl. drachms. Mix. In the same doses, and in the same | diseases, as the last. Swediaur. HAMAMELIS. — HELLEBOEUS 321 HAMAMELIS. Witch Hazel. The Hamamelis Virginica is a large native shrub, found along streams in most parts of the country, presenting several varieties. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Haniameliacese. Pursh, Fl. Am. i. 116. Griffith, Med. Bot. 350. The parts used are the bark and leaves. These are bitter and astringent, leaving a sensation of sweetness. They are con- sidered sedative, astringent, and tonic, and useful in bowel affections and hemorrhages, and externally as an application to tumors, painful hemorrhoids, etc. They are used in infusion, decoction, or poultice. HE DEO MA. Pennyroyal. Hedeoma pulegioides is a small, annual, aromatic plant, abundant in most parts of the United States, growing in dry, sterile situations. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lami- aceae. Persoon, Synop. ii. 131. Griffith, Med. Bot. 508. The whole plant is used. It has a warm, pungent taste, and a powerful aromatic odor. It is a stimulating aromatic, used to obviate nausea, and relieve flatulence, and also, in domestic practice, as an emmena- gogue. B Infusion of Pennyroyal. Pennyroyal, two drachms. Boiling water, sufficient to afford six ounces of strained infusion. To be taken freely, in a warm state, at bed- time, the feet having been previously bathed in hot water, in amenorrhoea. Oil of Pennyroyal. R. Pennyroyal, at will. Water, sufficient Distil, and collect the oil. Dose, two to ten drops, in flatulent colic and nausea. HELENIUM. Sneezewort. Sneezewort, or Helenium autumnale, is an indigenous plant, found in wet situations, in most parts of the United States, flower- ing in the autumn. Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Aste- race?e. Torrey & Gray, Fl. ii. 384. Griffith, Med. Bot. 398. 21 This plant is almost inodorous, but has a bitter, somewhat pungent, acrid taste. It is tonic, diaphoretic, and powerfully errhine ; this latter property is most developed in the flowers, and especially the central florets ; these, when powdered, may be used in those cases to which errhines are applicable. It is said that the plant is poisonous to horses. HELIANTHEMUM. Frostweed. The Helianthemum Canadense is a native perennial plant, growing in many parts of the United States, in dry, sandy soils. Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Cis- Mich. Fl. i. 308. Darlington, Fl. Cest. 313. It has little or no odor, but an astringent, somewhat aromatic, bitterish taste. It is tonic and astringent, and has proved bene- ficial in scrofula. HELLEBORTTS. Black Hellebore. Several species of Helleborus are possessed of almost identical medical properties, but the only one used in this country is H. niger, so called on account of the color of its roots. It is a native of mountain woods, in many parts of Europe, and is cultivated as an ornamental flowering plant. H. viridis has similar properties and is preferred by Euro- pean authorities. Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Ba- nunculacese. Linn. Sp. PL 783. Griffith, Med. Bot. 85. The parts used are the rhizome with the small fibres or roots, which are about as thick as straw, black, and have a somewhat nauseous odor and a bitter, unpleasant, acrid taste. Black hellebore is a drastic hydra- gogue purgative ; having, also, considerable emmenagogue powers. The dose in powder is from ten to twenty grains, as a purge ; two or three grains as an alterative. Compound Black Hellebore Pills. R. Powdered black hellebore, fifteen grains. Calomel, five grains. Powdered ipecacuanha, three grains. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. Mix, and make four pills. Two to be taken every four hours, in dropsy, till full purga- tion is caused. Ainslie. Extract of Black Hellebore. Black hellebore, in powder, No. 60, twelve troyounces. Alcohol, a pint. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 322 HEMIDESMUS. Displace first with alcohol, then with diluted alcohol, until three pints of tincture have been obtained. Evaporate the first pint spontaneously to three fl. ounces, and the remainder at or below 160° to a syrupy consistence ; mix the two portions and evaporate at 120° to the proper consistence. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to fifteen grains, as a drastic purge. Vino-Alcoholic Extract of Black Hellebore. R. Powdered black hellebore, two pounds. Carbonate of potassium, half a pound. Diluted alcohol, eight pints. Macerate for twelve hours, express, and pour on the residuum, White wine, eight pints. Digest for twenty-four hours, express, mix the two tinctures, and evaporate. Cottereau. Dose, ten to fifteen grains. Compound Pills of Extract of Black Hellebore. R. Vino-alcoholic extract of black hellebore, Extract of myrrh, each, two ounces. Powder of blessed thistle, one ounce. Beat together, and form pills of one grain. Ten to twenty a day, in amenorrhcea, dropsy, etc. Radius. These pills are much used in Europe, under the name of Backer's pills. R. Extract of black hellebore, Assafetida, Ammoniac, Soap, Rhubarb, sufficient. Beat into mass, and form pills of two grains. Dose, tea to twelve, morning and evening, as a purgative and cmmenagoguc. Augustin. each, two drachms. Tincture of Black Hellebore. R. Black helleborej in powder, No. 50, four troyounces. Diluted alcohol. sufficient. Obtain by displacement two pints. U. S. Ph. Used as an emmenagogue, in doses of thirty drops to a fl. drachm, night and morning, watching its action. Mixture with Tincture of Black Hellebore. R. Tincture of black hellebore, half a fl. ounce. Tincture of myrrh, one fl. ounce. " Spanish flies, two fl. drachms. Mix. Thirty drops, three times a day, in sugar and water, as an emmenagogue. Compound "Wine of Black Hellebore. R. Bruised black hellebore, one ounce. u wormwood, a handful. White wine, four pints. Macerate for three days, express, and filter. Two to three spoonfuls in the morning, fast- ing. In dropsy. Brunner. Ointment of Black Hellebore. R. Powdered black hellebore, one to two drachms. Lard, one ounce. Mix. As an application to obstinate her- petic eruptions. Soubeiran. HEMIDESMUS. Indian Sarsaparilla. The H. indicus is a native of many parts of India. It is a climbing plant, and has been long used in the East as an efficient medicinal agent ; but was almost unknown in Europe, or this country, until about 1819. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. As- clepiadacese. Brown, Hort. Kev. ii. 75. Griffith, Med. Bot. 453. The root, which is the part used, is long, tortuous, rugose, with longitudinal furrows ; it is brownish externally, and has a peculiar and somewhat aromatic odor, and a bitter- ish taste. It has the properties of sarsapa- rilla ; and like it, is given in infusion, decoc- tion, etc. These are made in the same manner as those of sarsaparilla, and given in the same doses, and in similar diseases. Syrup of Hemidesmus. R. Indian sarsaparilla, four ounces. Boiling water, one pint. Sugar, twenty-eight ounces. Infuse the root in the water for four hours, strain, decant, and dissolve the sugar. The HEPATIC A. HIPP O CAST ANUM. 323 product should weigh forty-two ounces, and have the sp. gr. 1.335. Dose, one fl. drachm. Brit. Ph. Mixture of Hemidesmus. R. Indian sarsaparilla, ten drachms. Extract of liquorice, ten grains. Distilled water. ten fl. ounces. Digest for twelve hours, strain, heat to 180°, and again strain. One-third, three times a day. Beasley. R. Syrup of hemidesmus, five ounces. Solution of potassa, half to one fl. drachm. Orange-flower water, one fl. ounce. Mix. One fl. ounce, thrice a day, in barley- water. For gonorrhoea. Bellinarye. Infusion of Hemidesmus. two ounces, one pint. Infuse in a close vessel for twelve hours. Dose, a wineglassful. AsKburner. R. Indian sarsaparilla, Lime water. Decoction of Hemidesmus. R. Indian sarsaparilla, two ounces. Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to one pint. To be taken during the day, in wineglassful doses. Pereira. HEPATICA. Liverwort. The H. triloba is a small native plant, found in most parts of the United States, and also in the northern regions of Europe and Asia, having three-lobed leaves, and presenting two marked varieties : one with the lobes of the leaves rounded, the other with them acute. Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Ra- nunculacese. Torrey & Gray, Fl. i. 14. Griffith, Med. Bot. 81. The whole herb is used. It is inodorous, and has a mucilaginous, slightly astringent and bitterish taste. It is a very mild, de- mulcent tonic and astringent, and was much employed at one time as a deobstruent in herpetic affections, and also as a remedy in diseases of the lungs. Its powers, however, are very slight. It is given in infusion ; to be taken freely. HERACLEUM. Masterwort. This is the root of Heracleum lanatum, a very large, perennial plant, found in many parts of the United States, in waste places. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Api- acese. Torrey & Gray, Fl. i. 632. Griffith, Med. Bot. 335. The part used is the root ; this resembles the parsnip in appearance, but has a rank, unpleasant odor, and a pungent, acrid taste. It is said to be diuretic, expectorant, and antispasmodic, and has proved useful in epi- lepsy, attended with a disordered condition of the digestive organs, in doses of two or three drachms daily. It is also used in strong decoction, in dyspepsia with flatu- lence and cardialgia. HEUCHERA Alum Root. Most of the species of Heuchera are pos- sessed of identical properties, but the only one recognized by the U. S. Pharmacopoeia is H. Americana. This is an indigenous plant, growing in shady, rocky situations, in most parts of the country. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Saxi- fragaeere. Torrey & Gray, Fl. i. 578. Griffith, Med. Bot. 313. The root is rugose, irregular, reddish, almost inodorous, and of a strong, styptic taste. It is a powerful astringent, and may be employed in such cases as require medi- cines of this class. HIPPOCASTANUM. Horse Chestnut. The horse chestnut, or JEsculus hippo- castanum, is a beautiful and lofty tree, a native of the central parts of Asia, but ex- tensively cultivated in Europe, and the United States. Sex. Syst. Heptand. monog. Nat. Syst. Sapindacese. • Linn. Sp. PI. 488. Griffith, Med. Bot. 213. The part used is the bark ; this is light, brittle, of a brownish-red externally, of a yellow-brown within. It has a somewhat aromatic odor, and an astringent, bitter taste. It is a somewhat active astringent, and has been much praised in intermittent fevers. The dose of the powder is two to four scruples, every three hours, till an ounce and a half is taken. Compound Powder of Horse Chestnut. R. Powdered horse chestnut bark, " willow bark, each, half an ounce. 324 HOEDEUM. Powdered gentian " calamus " cloves in, -) each, two Mix. drachms. Hufeland. Decoction of Horse Chestnut Bark. R. Horse chestnut bark, one ounce and a half. Water, thirty u. ounces. Boil down to ten ounces, adding towards close of operation, Liquorice root, one drachm. Strain. A cupful every two hours. Niemann. Compound Decoction of Horse Chestnut. R. Horse chestnut bark, Willow bark, each, half an ounce. Calamus, Root of water avens, each, two drachms. Water, sixteen fl. ounces. Boil down to one-half. Spielmann. R. Horse chestnut bark, one ounce and a half. Water, eighteen fl. ounces. Boil down to one-half, strain, and add Ether, one to two drachms. Syrup of orange-peel, one ounce. Mix. To be used during the apyrexia. Phoebus. Extract of Horse Chestnut. R. Horse chestnut bark, at will. Water, sufficient. Exhaust the bark in a displacement appa- ratus, and evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, five to fifteen grains. Van Mons. HORDEUM. Barley. There are several species of HorcJeum, but Chose usually cultivated in this country are //. vulgare and II. distichon, the latter of which is recognized as officinal. The native country of these is unknown, but they have been cultivated from the earliest ages. Sex. Sfytt. Triand. digyn. Nat. tiyst. Gra- minacesB. Linn. Bp. PI. 125. Griffith, Med. Bot. 664. The seeds are used in various forms; in thatof meal, malt, pearl barley, etc. They arc one of the mildest and least irritating of the cerealia,and are much used in decoc- tion, etc., as a nutritive and demulcent drink. Prepared Barley Meal. R. Barley meal, at will. Tie it in a linen or cotton cloth, and boil it for twelve hours, then let it cool, remove the outer crust, and pulverize the centre. A useful diet, boiled with milk, in bowel diseases. Hanover Ph. R. Barley meal, twelve ounces. Sugar, four ounces. Powdered cinnamon, half a drachm. Mix, and place in a proper vessel, covering with wheat dough, put in an oven and bake, remove, cool, and pulverize. Half an ounce to two ounces, cooked with water or milk, form an excellent diet, in debilitated conditions of the system. Taddei. Barley Sugar. R. Decoction of barley, a pint and a half. Sugar, two pounds. Boil to proper consistence, and form loz- enges or rolls. As a demulcent in catarrh. Giordano. Decoction of Barley. R. Pearl barley, two ounces. Water, sufficient. "Wash the barley in cold water, drain, pour on it half a pint of the water, boil for a short time, drain off this water, add four pints of boiling water, boil down to two pints, and strain. U. S. Ph. The process of Brit. Ph. is nearly the same. As a nutritive and demulcent drink in febrile and inflammatory diseases. Compound Decoction of Barley. R. Decoction of barley, two pints. Sliced figs, two ounces and a half. Bruised liquorice root, five drachms. Stoned raisins, two ounces and a half. Water, one pint. Mix, and boil down to two pints, and strain. Lond. Ph. A demulcent, nutritive, and somewhat laxative drink. HUMULUS. 325 Barley Water with Nitrate of Potassium. R. Decoction of barley, one pint. Nitrate of potassium, two drachms. Lemon juice, one fl. ounce. Mix. To be used warm as a diaphoretic drink. Ellis. HUMULUS. Hops. By this is meant the strobiles of the Hu- mulus lupulus, a climbing vine, a native of Europe, and probably of this country. It is extensively cultivated for its aments or strobiles, which are largely employed in the preparation of malt liquors, and also in medicine. Sex. Syst. Dicec. pentand. Nat. Syst. Can- nabinacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 1457. Griffith, Med. Bot. 574. Hops consist of thin, somewhat translu- cent, leaf-like scales, of a greenish-yellow color, having, near their base, two small, round, dark seeds. Their odor is strong and peculiar, somewhat narcotic, and fragrant ; their taste is bitter, aromatic, and some- what astringent. These properties depend on a peculiar secretion, called Lupuline. Hops are tonic, and slightly narcotic, and are used in various conditions of the system. The dose, in substance, is from half a drachm to a drachm, but it is seldom ad- ministered in this form. Infusion of Hops. R. Hops, half a troy ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. uses half an ounce of hops to ten ounces of water. Dose, one or two fl. ounces, in dyspepsia, nervous tremors, etc. Extract of Hops. R. Hops, one pound. Alcohol, thirty fl. ounces. Distilled water, ten pounds. Macerate the hops in the spirit for a week, press out, filter and distil, leaving a soft extract. Boil the residual hop with the water for an hour, press, strain, and evapo- rate to a soft extract. Mix the two ex- tracts and evaporate at or below 140° to the proper consistence. Dose, five to fif- teen grains. Brit. Ph. Hop Mixture. R. Extract of hops, two drachms. Water of hops, seven fl. ounces. Tincture of hops, half fl. ounce. Syrup of orange-peel, one fl. ounce. Mix. A tablespoonful every hour, as a tonic and stomachic. Niemann. Tincture of Hops. R. Hops, in powder, No. 40, five troy ounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by displacement two pints, ' U.S. Ph. The tincture of Brit. Ph. is nearly of the same strength. Dose, from one to three fl. drachms, as a tonic, and narcotic, especially in the wake- fulness and tremors of drunkards. Alkaline Tincture of Hops. R. Hops, Centaury, each, one ounce. Peel of bitter orange, two drachms. Carbonate of potassium, one scruple. Diluted alcohol, eighteen fl. ounces. Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. Fluid Extract of Hops. R. Hops in powder, sixteen tnryounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Exhaust by maceration and displacement, reserve the first fourteen fluidounces, evaporate the remainder to two fluidounces, and mix with reserved portion. Dose, twenty to sixty minims. W. Procter. Elixir of Hops. R. Fluid extract of hops, Rose water, each, one pint. Alcohol, twenty fl. ounces. Syrup, five fl. ounces. Sugar, eighteen troyounces. Tincture of recent orange-peel, Essence of celery, each, one ounce. Oil of anise, four drops. Oil of cinnamon, six drops. Dissolve and mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. Maryland Coll. Ph. 326 HYDRARGYRUM. Cataplasm of Hops. R. Hops, one pound. Flaxseed meal, two ounces. Beer, sufficient. Mix. As an application to bruises and in- dolent tumors. Radius. Ointment of Hops. R. Hops, two ounces. Lard, ten ounces. Digest for some hours, by a gentle heat, express, and straiu ; recommended to re- lieve the pain of cancerous sores. Swediaur. HYDRARGYRUM. Mercury. Mercury is a brilliant, silver-white fluid metal, having neither taste nor smell. It becomes solid at —39° F., and boils at 665°. Mercury, in masses, does not appear to act on the system, but in a state of great divi- sion it produces marked and peculiar effects. It acts as an alterative, deobstruent, siala- gogue, etc. It has been employed in almost all diseases, in some of its preparations, each of which has some peculiarity of action. Purified Mercury. R. Mercury, one hundred parts. Nitric acid, Distilled water, each, five parts. Digest in a glass vessel for three days, re- move the acid liquor, wash mercury with water, and dry. Ph. Germ. Muriatic acid has been recommended for the same purpose. Mercury with Antimony. R. Mercury, four parts. Crude antimony, three parts. Sulphur, two parts. Triturate together till the mercury disap- pears. As a diaphoretic and alterative. J to&e, one to four grains. Giardano. R. Mercury, one ounce. Washed flowers of sulphur, one ounce. Powdered sulphuret of antimony, three ounces. Uiil. them in B warm stone mortar, with a little water or sulphuret of ammonium, until the globules of mercury disappear. Codex ffamb. 1845. This preparation is much used in France and Germany, under the name of antimo- nial ethiops. Compound Mercurial Powder. R. Powdered resin of guaiacum, one drachm. Mercury with antimony, Magnesia, each, one scruple. Mix. To be taken in two days, in divided doses, in chronic exanthematous affections. Hufeland. R. Mercury with anti- mony, twenty-four grains. Carbonate of sodium, eighteen grains. Powdered sassafras, Sugar, each, one drachm. Mix, and divide into six powders. One to be taken daily, in chronic diseases of the skin. Sundelin. Pills of Mercury and Antimony. R. Mercury, one drachm. Crude antimony, four scruples. Flowers of sulphur, two scruples. Extract of opium, one scruple. Triturate till mercury disappears, with Syrup of mallow, sufficient. Divide into one hundred and fifty pills. Dose, five or six a day. Highly spoken of by Huxham, in venereal pains, scrofula, etc. Baldinger. R. Mercury with antimony, one drachm. Extract of hemlock, two drachms. Soap, half an ounce. Galbanum, Extract of ox gall, each, half a drachm. Beat into mass, and form pills of two grains. Dose, eight to ten, three times a day, in scirrhus of the pylorus. Radius. Mercury with Chalk. U. Mercury, three tnryounces. Prepared chalk, five troj'ounces. Rub together till all the globules disappear. U.S. Ph. Brit. Ph. uses one ounce of mercury to two ounces of prepared chalk. A mild preparation, well suited as an alterative in complaints of children. Dose, five grains to half a drachm, twice a day, for adults ; two or three grains for a child. HTDBAEGYETJM. 327 Mercury and Chalk. R. Mercury, three ounces. Resin, six drachms. Prepared chalk, five ounces. Alcohol, sufficient. Make a paste with the resin and a small quantity of the alcohol ; then add the mer- cury, which may be extinguished in a short time ; add the chalk and alcohol gradually, so as to keep up the pasty consistence ; then add sufficient alcohol to dissolve out the resin, and wash the powder on a filter, and dry. Dr. Stewart, modified by P. Lehman. Mercury and Chalk "with Ipecacuanha. R. Mercury with chalk, one scruple. Powdered ipecacuanha, ten grains. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, night and morning, in syrup. In dyspep- sia with biliary derangement. Paris. Mercury and Chalk Liniment. R. Mercury, Prepared chalk, each, half an ounce. Triturate till globules disappear, and add Honey of roses, two ounces. Mix well. As a dressing to venereal ulcers. Bories. Mercury and Gum. R. Mercury, one part. Gum Arabic, two parts. Make a mucilage with a quarter of the gum, rub the mercury with it till extin- guished, add the remainder of the gum with as much water as is required, mix well, dry by a gentle heat, and pulverize. Paris Codex. Pills of Mercury and Gum with Hemlock. R. Mercury, one part. Gum Arabic, two parts. Syrup of violets, four parts. Triturate till the mercury is extinguished, and add Extract of hemlock, one part. Powdered liquorice, sufficient. Mix well, and form pills of two grains. Two to four twice a day, as an alterative. Plenck. Mercurial Mucilage of Gum Arabic. R. Mercury, one part. Gum Arabic, two parts. Water, sufficient. Triturate till the mercury is extinguished. This is a good preparation of mercury ; it is given in the dose of two teaspoonfuls, in syrup or mucilage, morning and night, as an alterative or anthelmintic. Beral. Mercurial Gargle. R. Mercury, half a drachm. Gum Arabic, three drachms. Syrup of poppies, half an ounce. Calomel, six grains. Triturate till mercury is extinguished, and add Decoction of clematis (Virgin's bower), twenty-six fl. ounces. Honey of roses, one ounce. Essence of myrrh, one drachm. Mix. As a gargle in syphilitic angina, and ozaena. Plenck. Mercurial Lotion. R. Mercury, one drachm. Gum Arabic, four drachms. Syrup of poppies, sufficient. Eub together till globules disappear, and add gradually, constantly rubbing, Boiling milk, eight fl. ounces. As a lotion in gonorrhceal ophthalmia, ulcers on the penis, and also as a gargle in venereal sore throat. Plenck. Mercury "with Magnesia. R. Purified mercury, Manna, each, two parts. Carbonate of magnesium, one part. Rub the mercury with the manna, adding a little water, till globules disappear ; add one-eighth part of the magnesia, still rub- bing, and when mixed, sixteen parts of hot water, and agitate; let sediment subside; then decant, and repeat washing till all the manna is removed ; mix the residue with remainder of magnesia, and dry. Dub. Ph. 1826. A mild mercurial, well suited as an al- terative in children, especially when there is constipation. Dose, three to four grains. 328 HYDRARGYRUM Blue Pills. R. Mercury, three hundred and eighty-four grains. Confection of roses, five hundred and seventy-six grains. Powdered liquorice root, one hundred and ninety-two grains. Rub the mercury with the confection till all the globules disappear, add the liquor- ice root, and beat into mass. Divide into three hundred and eighty-four pills. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. uses the same proportions, but does not divide into pills. One of the mildest and best of the mer- curial preparations. From five to fifteen grains as a purgative ; one pill every night, or every other night, as an alterative ; one pill two or three times a day, as a laxa- tive. Each pill contains one grain of mercury. Blue Pill with Jalap. t> i i • i f each, fifteen Powdered jalap, >■ ' " aloes, \ S rams - Mix, and form twelve pills; three at night, as a purgative. Ellis. Blue Pill with Rhubarb. R. Blue pill, nine grains. Powdered rhubarb, Bicarbonate of sodium, each, twelve grains. Aromatic syrup of rhubarb, sufficient. Beat into mass, and form twelve pills. One, twice or thrice a day, as an alterative, in hepatic derangement. Hartshorne. R. Blue pill, eighteen grains. Powdered rhubarb, twelve grains. Bicarbonate of sodium, Soap, each, six grains. Socotrine aloes, four grains. Nutmeg, three grains. Mix, and make twelve pills. J. Wright's pills. Maryland Coll'. Ph. Blue Pill with Colocynth. R. Blue pill, Compound extract of colocynth, each, five grains. Oil of caraway, two drops. Mix, and make two pills. A very active purgative. Ellis. R. Compound extract ] of coloc}mth, | each, Socotrine aloes, J> twenty Blue pill, grains. Soap, Scammony, ten grains. Mix, and form twenty pills. Known as Wallace's pills. Maryland Coll. Ph. Triplex Pills. R. Socotrine aloes,') , Scammony, ' f each one Blue pill, ) troyounce. Croton oil, twenty minims. Oil of caraway, ninety minims. Elixir proprietatis, sufficient. Make four hundred pills. Dose, as a laxa- tive, one at bedtime. J. W. Francis. Blue Pill and Quinia. R. Blue pill, } each, Sulphate of quinia, y twelve Powdered aloes. grains. Aromatic syrup of rhubarb, sufficient. Beat into mass, and form twelve pills. One, twice to four times a day, as a tonic altera- tive, in deranged conditions of the liver consequent to fevers. Ellis. Compound Mercurial Pills. R. Blue pill, five grains. Powdered ipecacuanha, two grains. Camphor, one grain and a half. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. Mix, and make two pills. One, morning and evening, in hepatitis, till mouth is affected. Ainslie. R. Blue pill, four grains. Compound powder of squill, six grains. Powdered ipecacuanha, two grains. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. Mix, and make three pills. To be taken in a day ; in hepatic obstruction, threatening dropsy. Ainslie. R. Blue pill, Antimonial powder, each, two and a half grains. Opium, half a grain. S3 T rup of ginger, sufficient. Make a pill. To be taken at bedtime; in venereal blotches, attended with diarrhoea. Ainslie. HYDRARGYRUM. 329 Abernethy's Pills. R. Blue pill, ten grains. Powdered jalap, twenty grains. Syrup of buckthorn, sufficient. Mix well, and divide into six pills. Two at night, with a wineglassful of infusion of senna, in the morning. Cooley. Belloste's Pills. R. Mercury, ^ Honey, v each, ninety grains. Aloes, ) Rhubarb, forty-five grains. Scammony, thiily grains. Black pepper, fifteen grains. Rub the mercury with the honey and a little aloes until the globules have disap- peared; then mix with the remaining pow- ders, and form one hundred and twenty pills. Paris Codex. These are the purgative mercurial pills frequently employed in France in syphilitic and herpetic diseases. Mercurial Mixture. R. Mercury, six drachms. Syrup of poppies, one ounce. Triturate till globules disappear, and add Orange-flower water, two fl. ounces. Rose water, one fl. ounce. Mix well. Dose, a spoonful, morning and night, in gastrodynia and spasmodic vomit- ing. Cadet de Gassicourt. Mercurial Ointment. R. Mercury, twent} r -four troyounces. Lard, Suet, each, twelve troyouoces. Rub the mercury with a troyounce of the suet and a little of the lard, till the glob- ules disappear ; add the remainder of the lard, and of the suet softened with a gentle heat, mixing well. U. 8. Ph. The proportions of Brit. Ph. are sixteen ounces each of mercury and prepared lard, to one ounce of suet. R. Mercury, fifty parts. White wax, four parts. Benzoinated lard, forty-six parts. Melt the wax and lard, and with a portion of it triturate the mercury, in a warm mor- tar, until the globules disappear; then add the remainder, and mix. Paris Codex. This is the strong mercurial ointment. It can be weakened by the addition of lard, as may be wished. Used as an inunction to mercurialize the system, by rubbing about a drachm on the inside of the thighs, twice a day. R. Mercury, twenty-four ounces. Lard, rendered rancid by exposure in a damp, divided state, four ounces. Lard, nineteen ounces. Suet, one ounce. Triturate the mercury and rancid lard, until the globules disappear ; then add the lard and suet, and triturate until the texture of the mass is uniform. W. Procter. R. Mercury, six parts. Old mercurial ointment, one part. Triturate until all globules disappear ; add Suet, four parts, Lard, eight parts, previously melted together, and mix. Ph. Germ. Camphorated Mercurial Ointment. R. Mercurial ointment, one ounce. Camphor, one drachm. Mix. Used like the former; also to dis- perse indolent swellings. Compound Ointment of Mercury. R. Mercurial ointment, six ounces. Yellow wax, Olive oil, each, three ounces. Powdered camphor, one ounce and a half. Melt the wax, add the oil, and when nearly cold, the camphor and ointment, and mix thoroughly. Brit. Ph. R. Mercurial ointment, one ounce. Oil of turpentine, Camphor, each, two drachms. Simple cerate, one ounce. Mix well. Used as a rubefacient applica- tion over the region of the liver, when blis- ters cannot be used. Ellis. R. Mercurial ointment, two ounces. Lard, twelve ounces. Powdered stavesacre, three ounces. Melt the lard, and add the other ingre- dients, mixing well. As an application to destroy lice. Giordano. R. Mild mercurial ointment, eight parts. Soft soap, two parts. Camphor, one part. 330 HYDRARGYRUM. Rub well together. Recommended in peri- ostitis and engorgement of the testicles. Swediaur. Ointment of Mercury and Belladonna. R. Strong mercurial ointment, thirty parts. Extract of belladonna, four parts. " opium, one part. Balsam of Peru, sufficient. Mix well. As an application to painful hemorrhoidal tumors. Mignot. Ointment of Mercury and Turpentine. R. Turpentine ointment, Mercurial ointment, each, equal parts. Mix. Digestif mercuriel of the French. Paris Codex. As an application to venereal ulcers. Mercurial Cataplasm. R. Mercurial ointment, half an ounce. Camphor, two drachms. Boiling milk, three ounces. Crumb of bread, sufficient. Mix, and form cataplasm. Radius. Mercurial Cerate. R. Mercurial ointment, Simple cerate, equal parts. Mix well. As a dressing to venereal ulcers. Guibourt. Compound Mercurial Cerate. R. Mercurial ointment, Soap cerate, each, four ounces. Camphor, one ounce. Rub well together. Lond. Ph. As an application to disperse indolent swellings. Mercurial Liniment. R. Mercurial ointment, one ounce. Water of ammonia, Liniment of camphor, each, one fl. ounce. Liquefy the ointment in the liniment with B gentle heat, add the ammonia gradually, and mix with agitation. Brit. Ph. As a stimulating liniment, in chronic swelling's, glandular tumors, etc. Opiated Mercurial Liniment. R. Mercurial ointment, four parts. Oil of sweet almonds, forty-eight parts. Tincture of opium, three parts. Mix well. Advised in inflamed ulcers of the glans penis, to be applied two or three times a day. St. Marie. Mercurial Suppositories. R. Mercurial ointment, sixty grains. Benzoinated lard, White wax, each, twenty grains. Oil of theobroma, eighty grains. Melt, with a gentle heat, the lard, wax, and oil, add the ointment, stir well together, and make twelve suppositories. Brit. Ph. Mercurial and Belladonna Plaster. R. Mercurial ointment, one ounce. Ammoniac, six drachms. Extract of belladonna, four drachms. Hydrocyanic acid, thirty drops. Make mass with ammoniac and extract, with a little water ; mix mercurial ointment and acid, and rub the whole together. Use- ful as an application to scirrhous and scrof- ulous tumors. Med. Chirurg. Ph. Mercurial Plaster. R. Mercury, six troy ounces. Olive oil, Resin, each, two troyounces. Lead plaster, twelve troyounces. Melt the oil and resin together, and, when cool, rub the mercury with them till the globules disappear ; gradually add the lead plaster previously melted, and mix well. U. S. Ph. R. Mercury, three ounces. Olive oil, one fl. drachm. Sublimed sulphur, eight grains. Lead plaster, six ounces. Heat the oil and sulphur until they unite, add the mercury, triturate until extin- guished, and mix with the piaster previ- ously melted. Brit. Ph. R. Mercury, eight parts. Common turpentine, four parts. Triturate until the globules disappear; add Lead plaster, twenty -four parts. Yellow wax, six parts. HYDRARGYRI BROMIDUM. 331 previously melted together, and mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. Used as an application to buboes, vene- real nodes, etc. HYDRARGYRI ACETAS. Acetate of Mercury. Acetate of Protoxide of Mercury. R. Protonitrate of mercury, one part, Distilled water, six parts. Dissolve the salt in water, acidified with a little nitric acid, add a solution of acetate of sodium or potassium, filter, wash, and dry the precipitate. Beral. Pills of Acetate of Mercury. R. Red oxide of mercury, one pound. Distilled vinegar, eight pints. Dissolve, and triturate a pint of this solu- tion with Flake manna, two pounds, rubbing the mixture for a long time ; dry before the fire, often stirring ; when of a proper consistence form pills of a grain and a half. Gtdbourt. These pills are highly esteemed under the name of Keysefs anti-venereal pills. They contain, at first, the acetate of the deutoxide, but this gradually changes to the acetate of the protoxide, then to an oxide ; therefore, the following have been substituted. R. Acetate of mercury, } each, Flake manna, V- one Powdered gum Arabic, ) scruple. Rose water, sufficient. Beat into mass, and form twenty pills. As a sialagogue, three to be taken at night, or one three times a day. Ellis. Pills of Acetate of Mercury and Opium. R. Acetate of mercury,} each, Opium, \. thirty Camphor, ) grains. Syrup of poppies, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty pills. Carmichael. Solution of Acetate of Mercury. R. Acetate of mercury, ten or twelve grains. Rose water, five fl. ounces. Dissolve. As a lotion in obstinate cuta- neous affections, , Niemann. Liniment of Acetate of Mercury. R. Acetate of mercury, one part. Olive oil, two parts. Lard, six parts. Rub the salt with a little of the lard, and add gradually the remainder, and then the oil, constantly rubbing. Used as an appli- cation in herpes. Van Mons. HYDRARGYRUM AMMO- NIATUM. "White Precipitate. R. Corrosive sublimate, six troyounces. Distilled water, one gallon. Solution of ammonia, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in the water with the aid of heat, and when cold add the solution of ammonia, frequently stirring. Wash the precipitate thoroughly, and dry it. U. S. Ph. This is seldom, if ever, used, except as an external remedy. Ointment of White Precipitate. R. White precipitate, forty grains. Simple ointment, one troy ounce. Soften the ointment over a gentle fire, and mix the white precipitate. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. uses one part of white pre- cipitate to seven of simple ointment. Ph. Germ, one part to nine parts of lard. As an application to cutaneous eruptions. HYDRARGYRI BORAS. Borate of Mercury. R. Calomel, twenty-two parts. Borate of sodium, twenty-six parts. Triturate together ; in a quarter of an hour add a little water, then gradually, more, constantly rubbing, permit to settle, decant, wash the precipitate till the washings are insipid, and dry. Van Mons. The borate of mercury is said to resemble calomel in its action. Dose, two grains a day, gradually augmenting. HYDRARGYRI BROMIDUM. Bromide of Mercury. There are two bromides of mercury : one the protobromide, answering to calomel ; the other the bibromide, like corrosive sub- limate, an irritant poison. 332 HTDEAEGTEI CHLOEIDUM CORROSI VUM, Protobromide of Mercury. R. Solution of bromide of potassium, at will. Add a weak solution of protonitrate of mercury as long as it causes a precipitate ; wash this, and dry by a gentle heat. Dose, one grain a day, gradually increased, as an alterative ; four or five grains as a purga- tive. Magendie. Bi-bromide of Mercury. R. Bromine, Mercury, each, equal parts. Mix, and sublime. Dose, one-twentieth of a grain, gradually increased to a fourth. In syphilis. Magendie. Ethereal Solution of Bi-bromide of Mercury. R. Bi-bromide of mercury, one grain. Ether, one fl. drachm. Dissolve. Dose, ten to twenty drops, in barley-water. In syphilis and lepra. WernecJc. HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM. Corrosive Sublimate. Corrosive sublimate is a very energetic and poisonous preparation, requiring much care in its exhibition. It will produce the usual effects of the other mercurials, but is less apt to salivate. It is much used in secondary syphilis, and as an alterative, and also as an external application, as a stimu- lant, and escharotic. The best antidote, when poisonous doses have been taken, is albumen, followed by an emetic. Solution of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Corrosive sublimate, Chloride of ammonium, each, ten grains. Distilled water, one pint (imper.). Dissolve. Brit. Ph. A fl. ounce contains half a grain of the mercurial salt. The dose is from one to two fl. drachms, in some mucilaginous drink. Alcoholic Solution of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Corrosive sublimate, one part. Alcohol, one hundred parts. Water, nine hundred parts. Dissolve. A tablespoonful night and morn- ing, in a glass of water, in milk, or in de- coction of sarsaparilla. Paris Codex. This is Van Swieten's mercurial solu- tion. Powder of Corrosive Sublimate and Copper. R. Corrosive sublimate, Sulphate of copper, each, ten grains. Nitrate of silver, six grains. Mix. Applied to venereal excrescences, previously moistened with water. Kruzer. Powder of Corrosive Sublimate and Zinc. R. Corrosive sublimate, Sulphate of zinc, equal parts. Mix. In onychia maligna, sprinkled on the sore, and covered with lint soaked in tincture of myrrh. Perkins. Pills of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Corrosive sublimate, five grains. Distilled water, thirty to forty drops. Confection of roses, one scruple. Powdered liquorice, sufficient. Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in the water, and add the other articles, and rub well together. Make forty pills. One, three to four times a day, in syphilis. Ellis. Compound Pills of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Corrosive sublimate, three grains. Extract of guaiacum, twelve grains. " opium, six grains. Beat together, and make twenty pills. One, morning and evening. Each contains nearly one-sixth of a grain of the mercurial salt. They require much caution in their use. In syphilis. Dupuytren's pills. Paris Codex. R. Corrosive sublimate, six grains. Dissolve in Distilled water, sufficient, and add Extract of hemlock, one drachm. Powdered hemlock, sufficient. Beat into mass, and make forty-eight pills, to be given like the above. Each pill con- tains an eighth of a grain of corrosive sublimate. Ellis. HYDRAEGYKI CHLOEIDUM COEEOSIVUM 333 Corrosive Sublimate Mixture. R. Corrosive sublimate, four grains. Chloride of ammonium, eight grains. Diluted alcohol, two fl. ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful twice a day, in barley- water, in syphilis. Ainslie. R. Corrosive sublimate, eight grains. Muriatic acid, twenty-four drops. Comp. tincture of cardamom, eight fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, two drachms morning and evening, in a wineglassful of sugar and water. In syphilis. Guibourt. R. Corrosive sublimate, two grains. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Spirit of cinnamon, Syrup, each, one fl. ounce. Mix. One or two spoonfuls twice or thrice a day, in venereal cases. Ellis. Lotion of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Corrosive sublimate, three to six grains. Distilled water, sufficient. Dissolve, and add Extract of hemlock, " chamomile, each, two drachms. Tincture of opium, one fl. drachm. Honey of roses, one ounce. Mix. As an application to venereal ulcers in the throat, and on the labia pudendi. Rust. R. Corrosive sublimate, one drachm. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Dissolve, and add Chloride of ammonium, two drachms. Nitrate of potassium, half an ounce. Dissolve. As a wash in itch. Good. Cosmetic Lotion with Corrosive Sublimate. R. Blanched sweet almonds, one ounce. " bitter almonds, four drachms. Cherry-laurel water, ten fl. ounces. Make an emulsion, and add Corrosive sublimate, Tincture of benzoin, six grains, six fl. drachms. Lemon juice, four fl. drachms. Mix. As a wash for eruptions on the face, to be used morning and evening, previously to be shaken. It must be used with caution. Cadet de Gassicourt. Lotion of Corrosive Sublimate and Copper. R. Corrosive sublimate, two grains. Acetate of copper, six grains. Distilled water, two pints. Dissolve. As a wash in obstinate porrigo Augustin. Lotion of Corrosive Sublimate and Camphor. R. Corrosive sublimate, half a drachm. Camphor, one drachm. Diluted alcohol, one ounce. Dissolve. As an application to destroy condylomata. Phoebus. White's Caustic Lotion. R. Corrosive sublimate, five grains. Nitrate of silver, ten grains. Acetate of lead, Sulphate of zinc, each, ninety grains. Water, six fl. ounces. Mix. Maryland Coll. Ph. Bateman's Mercurial Lotion. R. Corrosive sublimate, two grains. Compound spirit of lavender, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Dissolve. As a lotion in obstinate cuta- neous eruptions. Bateman. Antacrid Tincture. R. Powdered resin of guaiacum, Canada balsam, each, one ounce. Corrosive sublimate, one scruple. Oil of sassafras, two fl. drachms. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve the mercurial salt in one-half of the alcohol, and then add the remainder, and the other ingredients ; after a due di- gestion, filter. Ten to twenty drops morn- ing and evening, in wine or water, in syphi- lis. Ellis. 334 HYDEARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE. Collyrium of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Corrosive sublimate, two grains. Opium, ten grains. Rose water, four fl. ounces. Dissolve, and add Mucilage of quince-seed, half an ounce. Mix. Van Mons. Injection cf Corrosive Sublimate. R. Corrosive sublimate, three grains. Water of rosemary, Distilled water, each, three fl. ounces. Dissolve. As an injection in fistula lachry- malis. Beer. R. Corrosive sublimate, one drachm. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. Add from five to twenty drops to a solution of Sulphate of zinc, five to ten grs., in Water, four fl. ounces. A drachm to be injected into the urethra three times a day, in gonorrhoea. Whately. Cosmetic "Wash. R. Blanched bitter almonds, six ounces. Beef-tea, sixty-four ounces. Make an emulsion, and add Corrosive sublimate, half an ounce. Lemon juice, ten ounces. Solution of carbonate of potassium, half an ounce. Incorporate gradually White of eggs, six ounces. Strain, and add Camphor, rubbed with muci- lage gum Arabic, half a drachm. Mix well. It is said to be an effectual wash for eruptions on the face, but must be used with extreme caution, and very sel- dom. Van Mons. IIYDRARGYRI CHLO- RIDUM MITE. Calomel. Calomel la prepared by Beveral modes, on the la pge scale, ;i nd is seldom or never made by the apothecary. The several processes will be found, with judicious observations on each, in the U. S. Dispensatory. It is used in almost every disease, either as a purgative, alterative, anthelmintic, etc. As a purgative it is peculiar, in not producing effects in proportion to the dose. Powder of Calomel and Antimony. R. Calomel, Golden sulphuret of antimony, equal parts. Triturate together. This powder has been much celebrated under the name of Plum- mer's Alterative, as a deobstruent and al- terative. The dose is from five to ten grains a day, in divided doses. It should be used recently prepared, as in a short time it changes to sulphuret of mercury, and oxide of antimony. Guibourt. Powder of Calomel and Jalap. R. Calomel, five grains. Powdered jalap, ten grains. Mix. As a purgative, to be mixed with syrup or molasses. Ellis. R. Calomel, three grains. Powdered jalap, Sugar, each, ten grains. Mix. Make a powder to be taken at night, or early in the morning, in bilious fevers, and obstructed bowels. A. T. Thomson. Powder of Calomel, Antimony, and Henbane. one grain. R. Calomel, Golden sulphuret of antimony, three grains. Powdered extract of henbane, one grain. Powdered sugar, half a drachm. Mix. To be taken night and morning, in spasmodic diseases ; it is said to have proved very useful in nyctalopia. Phoebus. Powder of Calomel, Jalap, and Rhubarb. each, R. Calomel, Powdered jalap, « rhubarb, ( five S rams - Oil of cinnamon, one drop. Mix. As a purgative, to be given in syrup or molasses. Ellis. Powder of Calomel and Foxglove. R. Calomel, three grains. Powdered foxglove, four grains. Sugar, one drachm. HTBEARGTEI CHLORIDTTM MITE. 335 Mix, and divide into twelve powders. Two a day, in chronic h} 7 drocephalus. Berends. Powder of Calomel, Nitrate of Potassium, etc. R Calomel, six grains. Nitrate of potassium, one drachm. Tartar emetic, half a grain. Mix, and divide into six powders. One every two hours, as a diaphoretic in febrile affections. Ellis. Powder of Calomel and Opium. R. Calomel, sixteen grains. Powdered opium, four grains. u ipecacuanha, eight grains. Mix, and divide into eight powders. One to be taken every hour or two. In dysen- tery. Chapman. Powder of Calomel and Gamboge. R. Calomel, Powdered gamboge, five grains. three to six grains. Ellis. Mix. As an anthelmintic. R. Calomel, Powdered gamboge, " jalap, " rhubarb, " cinnamon, Mix. Dose, five to twenty grains. A. T. Thomson. each, two drachms. Anthelmintic Purgative. R. Calomel, three grains. Compound powder of scammony, twelve grains. Mix. To be taken at once, in cases of lumbrici. A. T. Thomson. Powder of Calomel and Pink Root. R. Calomel, four grains. Powdered pink root, ten grains. Mix. To be taken two mornings in suc- cession ; also on afternoon of second day, followed by a mild purgative ; as an an- thelmintic for children over four years of age. Ellis. Dry Collyrium of Calomel. R. Calomel, Powdered sugar, each, half a drachm. Mix. To be blown into the eye, in ulcers of the cornea. This is Velpeau's colly- rium of the Paris Codex. Powdered opium was added to it by Radius. Calomel Pills. R. Calomel, half an ounce. Powdered gum Arabic, one drm. Syrup, sufficient. Mix the calomel and gum, then beat with syrup into mass, and divide into two hun- dred and forty pills. U. S. Ph. 1850. A very convenient form to give calomel, whether as purgative, alterative, etc. ; each pill contains one grain of calomel. Pills of Calomel, Quinia, etc. R. Calomel, six grains. Powdered opium, three grains. Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. Syrup, sufficient. Beat into mass, and form itvelve pills. One, night and morning, as an alterative in conditions following bilious fever. Ellis. Pills of Calomel and Acetate of Lead. R. Acetate of lead, half a drachm. Calomel, five grains. Confection of roses, sufficient. Form mass, and divide into ten pills. One to be given every two to four hours, in hematemesis, etc. Ellis. Fills of Calomel and Dandelion. R. Calomel, four grains. Extract of dandelion, eighteen grs. Mix. To be taken in a day, in divided doses, in abdominal obstructions. Brera. Pills of Calomel, Squill, etc. R. Plummer's powder, twelve grains. Ammoniac, two grains. Extract of dandelion, three grains. Powdered squill, half a drachm. Beat together, and form pills of three grains. Dose, five, three or four times a day, in engorgements of the abdominal viscera, with anasarca supervening on in- termittent fever. St. Marie. Pills of Calomel and Iron. R. Calomel, Golden sulphuret of antimony, Sulphate of iron, Myrrh, Syrup, each, one drachm. sufficient. 336 HTDKAEGYEI CHLORIDUM MITE. Beat into mass, and form pills of three grains. Dose, four, morning and evening, in the same cases as above. Swediaur. Fills of Calomel and Catechu. R. Powdered catechu, Copaiba, each, three drachms. Calomel, one scruple. Syrup of comfrey, sufficient. Beat into mass, and make one hundred and fifty pills. Four, thrice a day, in leucor- rhoea or gonorrhoea. St. Marie. Compound Calomel Pills. R. Sulphurated antimony, Calomel, each, twelve grains. Guaiacum resin, Molasses, each, twenty -four grains. Mix well, and make twenty-four pills. The compound pills of antimony of U.S. Ph. R. Calomel, Sulphurated antimony, each. one ounce. Powdered guaiacum resin, two ounces. Castor oil, one fl. ounce. Rub the calomel with the antimony, and then with the other ingredients till well incorporated. Brit. Ph. These pills are known as Plummet skills, and have been much employed in chronic rheumatism and obstinate cutaneous affec- tions, especially when there is a syphilitic taint. The dose is from three to six grains, twice a day. R. Calomel, two scruples. Precipitated sulphuret of antimony, one drachm. Guaiacum, two drachms. Copaiba, sufficient. Mix, and make sixty pills. Three at night, in venereal herpes, till mouth is affected ; also using frequent tepid baths. Ainslie. Pills of Calomel and Colocynth. R. Compound extract of colocynth, forty -eight grains. Calomel, one scruple. Mix. and divide into twenty pills. Two or three will act as a cathartic. Ellis. R. Compound extract of colocynth, eight grains. Calomel, one grain. Extract of lryoscyamus, Acetic extract of colchi- cum, Ipecacuanha, Mix, and make eight pills. Known as Clapp's pills. Maryland Coll. Ph. each, four grains. Pills of Calomel and Antimony. R. Calomel, ten grains. Golden sulphuret of antimony, one scruple. Extract of pot marigold, " hemlock, each, two drachms. Mix, and beat into mass, and form pills of two grains. Dose, five, thrice a day, in chronic indurations. Must. R. Calomel, six grains. Kermes mineral, twelve grains. Syrup of elder, sufficient to make six pills. One every two hours in the decline of peripneumonia, and in the cough of children arising from worms. Brera. Pills of Calomel and Guaiacum. R. Calomel, Resin of guaiacum, each, two drachms. Powdered mallow, four ounces. Syrup, sufficient. Form mass, and make pills of four grains. Dose, four or five a day, in syphilis. Alibert. Fills of Calomel, Jalap, etc. R. Calomel, Resin of jalap, Compound extract } equal parts, of rhubarb, Soap, Form mass, and make pills of one grain. Dose, ten to twelve grains, as a purgative and anthelmintic. Paris Codex. R White's Gout Pills Calomel, Acetic extract of colchicum, Socotrine aloes, Ipecacuanha, Mix and form sixty pills. Maryland Coll. Ph each, sixty grains. HTDEAEGYKI CTANIDUM, 337 Pills of Calomel and Opium. Calomel, two grains. Opium, half a grain. Mix. Thrice a day, in neuralgia of the face. Leslie. each, two drachms. Electuary with Calomel, etc. R. Calomel, ten grains Powdered rhubarb, " santonica, " valerian, Conserve of worm- wood, one ounce and a half. Oxymel of squill, sufficient. Mix. A drachm to half an ounce, in epi- lepsy complicated with worms. Swediaur. Calomel Ointment. R. Calomel, eighty grains. Prepared lard, one ounce. Mix. Brit. Ph. R. Calomel, one drachm. Rose ointment, three drachms. Mix. As an application in herpes. Dupuytren. R. Calomel, one drachm. Sublimed sulphur, two drachms. Lard, one ounce. Mix well. In obstinate cutaneous affec- tions. Fouquier. Ointment of Calomel and Squill. R. Calomel, Powdered squill, each, half a drachm. Lard, two drachms. Oil of roses, four drops. Mix. In chronic swellings of the joints. Dupuytren. Ointment of Calomel and Acetate of Copper. R. Calomel, Acetate of copper, each, one scruple Lard, eleven drachms. Mix well. As an application in porrigo. Cadet de Gassicourt. Ointment of Calomel, Alum, etc. R. Calomel, two drachms. Burnt alum, Litharge, each, half an ounce. 22 Oil of turpentine, two fl. drachms. Simple ointment, one ounce and a half. Mix well. As an application to tinea capitis, to be applied at night, and washed off in the morninj Ellis. Calomel and Camphor Ointment. R. Calomel, half a drachm. Camphor, twelve grains. Lard, one ounce. Mix. As an application in lichen. Biett. HYDRARGYI ET QUININE CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Mercury and Quinia. R. Bichloride of mercury, one part. Muriate of quinia, three parts. Dissolve separately in the smallest quantity of water, and mix the solutions. Collect the precipitate, and dry by a gentle heat. McDermott. Pills of Chloride of Mercury and Quinia. R. Chloride of mercury and quinia, fifteen grains. Opium, six grains. Crumb of bread, sufficient. Mix well, and make thirty pills. One, thrice a day, to produce salivation. Hamilton. HYDRARGYRI CYANIDUM. Cyanide op Mercury. R. Ferrocyanide of iron, five tnyyounces. Sulphuric acid, four troy ounces and two drachms. Red oxide of mercury, Water, each, sufficient. Dissolve the ferrocyanide in twenty fl. ounces of water, dilute the acid with ten fl. ounces of water, mix in a retort, and distil nearly to dryness into a receiver containing ten fl. ounces of water and three troyounces of red oxide. Reserve two fl. ounces of the distillate, agitate the. remainder with suffi- cient red oxide to destroy the odor of hydro- cyanic acid, filter, add the reserved liquid, and in a dark place, evaporate, crystallize, and dry ; keep the crystals protected from the light. U. S. Ph. It is given in doses of a sixteenth to an eighth of a grain, in syphilis, chronic in- flammation of the thoracic and abdominal 338 HYDEARGTEI IODIDUM RITBRUM, organs, etc., and also is employed exter- nally in porrigo, and other cutaneous affec- tions. Solution of Cyanide of Mercury. R. C3 T anide of mercuiy, four grains. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm. Chaussier. Compound Pills of Cyanide of Mercury. B. Cyanide of mercury, six grains. Opium, twelve grains. Crumb of bread, one drachm. Honey, sufficient. Mix, and make ninety-six pills. One, morning and evening. Guibourt. B. Cyanide of mercury, eighteen grains. Chloride of ammonium, Extract of aconite, each, three drachms. Extract of box, one ounce and a half. Oil of anise, one scruple. Beat together, and make four hundred pills. Two, morning and evening. Cadet. Compound Tincture of Cyanide of Mercury. B. Cyanide of mercury, eighteen grains. Water, fourteen fl. ounces. Alcohol, ten fl. ounces. Chloride of ammonium, Extract of aconite, each, three drachms. Extract of box, one ounce and a half. Oil of sassafras, twenty-four drops. Dissolve the cyanide in the water, add the ammonia, extract, and alcohol, let stand for some hours, filter, and add essential oil. Gargle of Cyanide of Mercury. R. Cyanide of mercury, ten grains. Barley water, one pint. Honey of roses, one ounce. Mix. As a gargle. Brera. B. Sareaparilla, Water, half an ounce, sixteen fl. ounces. Boil, and add towards close of operation Fresh hemlock, two drachms. Strain, and add to eight ounces of filtered liquid, Cyanide of mercury, two grains. As a gargle. Muller. Ointment of Cyanide of Mercury. B. Cyanide of mercury, twelve grains. Lard, one ounce. Rub well together. As an application to venereal ulcers. Foy. B. Cyanide of mercury, sixteen grains. Lard, one ounce. Oil of lemon, fifteen drops. Rub together. As an application to moist tetter. Biett. HYDRARGYRT IODIDUM RUBRUM. Red Iodide op Mercury. R. Corrosive sublimate, one troj'ounce. Iodide of potassium, ten drachms. Distilled water, sufficient. Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in a pint and a half, and the iodide in half a pint, of the water, and mix the solutions. Filter, and wash the collected precipitate with dis- tilled water. Dry by a gentle heat, and keep in a well-stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. directs to use the water boiling hot and obtains the red iodide as a crystal- line powder. Much more active than the green iodide. Used in the same cases, in doses of a six- teenth, gradually increased to the fourth of a grain. Pills of Red Iodide of Mercury. B. Red iodide of mercury, one grain. Extract of juniper, twelve grains. Powdered liquorice, sufficient. Mix, and make eight pills. One, morning and evening. Guibourt. B. Red iodide of mercury, five grains. Syrup, sufficient. Rub well together, and then with Crumb of bread, Sugar, each, sufficient to make sixty pills. Two, morning and evening, gradually increasing. Radius. HTDEAEGYEI IODIDUM VIRIDE 339 Wash of Red Iodide of Mercury. R. Red iodide of mercury, twelve grains. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Mix. As a lotion to scrofulous ulcers. Radius. Tincture of Red Iodide of Mercury. R. Red iodide of mercury, twenty grains. Alcohol (.837), one fl. ounce and a half. Dissolve. Dose, five to ten drops, in dis- tilled water. Foy. Ethereal Tincture of Red Iodide of Mercury. R. Red iodide of mercury, twenty grains. Ether, one ounce and a half. Dissolve. Rather more powerful than the last, and therefore to be given in smaller doses. Magendier. Ointment of Red Iodide of Mercury. R. Red iodide of mercury, sixteen grains. Ointment, one troyounce. Rub well together. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. uses one ounce avoirdupois of simple ointment. It is more active than the ointment of the iodide, and is used as a dressing to ob- stinate venereal ulcers. R. Red iodide of mercury, fifteen grains. Lard, one ounce. Essence of bergamot, twenty drops. Mix well. As an application to chronic cutaneous affections. Foy. HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM VIRIDE. Green Iodide of Mercury. R. Mercury, Iodine, Alcohol, one ounce. five drachms. sufficient. Bub the mercury and iodine together, adding sufficient alcohol to form a soft paste, and continue rubbing till globules disappear. Dry the iodide in the dark, with a gentle heat, and keep from light, in a well-stopped bottle. Brit. Ph. U. S. Ph. and Ph. Germ, proceed as above, but direct the product, before drying, to be thoroughly washed with alcohol to remove any red iodide which may have been formed. The product has a greenish-yellow color, and is named yellow iodide of mercury by Ph. Germ. Yvon has recently prepared it in yel- low crystals by sublimation below 482° F. The dose is about a grain a day, gradually increased to three or four. Used in scrof- ula, and scrofulous syphilis. Powder of Iodide of Mercury. R. Iodide of mercury, one to eight grains. Magnesia, one drachm. Mix. Divide into twelve powders. One, three times a day. Radius. Pills of Iodide of Mercury. R. Iodide of mercury, five grains. Confection of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty pills. One, three times a day. Ellis. R. Iodide of mercury, one drachm. Confection of dog- rose, three drachms. Powdered ginger, one drachm. Beat together. Dose, five to ten grains. Lond. Ph. R. Iodide of mercury, one grain. Extract of juniper, twelve grains. Powdered liquorice, sufficient. Mix, and make eight pills. Two, morning and evening, gradually increasing to double the number. Magendie. Compound Pills of Iodide of Mercury. R. Iodide of mercury, six grains. Extract of opium, four grains. Lactucarium, twenty-four grains. Extract of guaiacum, forty-eight grains. Beat together, and form forty-eight pills. In syphilis of children ; one pill to a child six months old, and two to four at more advanced ages. Ricord. R. Iodide of mercury, half a drachm. Extract of guaiacum, one drachm. " lettuce, two scruples. " sarsaparilla, sufficient. Mix, and make seventy-two pills. One, and then two daily. Biett. R. Iodide of mercury seventy-five grains. Extract of opium, thirty grains. 340 HYDEAEGYEI NITEAS. Confection of roses, two drachms and a half. Powdered liquorice root, sufficient. Mix, and make one hundred pills. Known as Record's pills of opium and iodide of mercury. Paris Codex. R. Iodide of mercury, two scruples. Q n t ' , n . t each, half Sulphate of iron A ; drachm< Myrrh, ) Oil of savine, twenty drops. Mix, and make twenty-four pills. One, thrice a day, in amenorrhcea. Barbour. Ointment of Iodide of Mercury. R. Iodide of mercury, one scruple. Lard, one ounce and a half. Eub well together. In scrofulous swellings, indolent glandular tumors, etc. Soubeiran. R. Iodide of mercury, one ounce. White wax, two ounces. Lard, six ounces. Melt the wax and lard and stir in the iodide. Lond. Ph. As a dressing to scrofulous ulcers, etc. R. Iodide of mercury, six grains. Acetate of morphia, eight grains. Lard, one ounce. Rub well together. As an application to obstinate glandular swellings. Pelletan. R. Iodide of mercury, one drachm. Soap, half a drachm. Rose water, two drachms. Rose ointment, six drachms. Mix. Riecke. HYDRARGYRI NITRAS. Nitrate of Mercury. Nitrate of the Protoxide of Mercury. R. Mercury, four parts. Nitric acid, three parts. Water, one part. Leave in contact for twenty-four hours ; wash the crystals with nitric acid, and dry them. Paris Codex. Pills of Protonitrate of Mercury. R. Protonitrate of mercury, ten grains. Extract of liquorice, forty grains. Bea1 into mass with a little water, and form sixty pills. Foy. Ointment of Nitrate of Mercury. R. Mercury, one troyounce and a half. Nitric acid, three troyounces and a half. Lard, sixteen troyounces and a half. Dissolve the mercury in the acid, heat the lard in an earthen vessel to 200°, remove from the fire, add the solution, stir with a wooden spatula until effervescence ceases and until the ointment stiffens. U. S. Ph. R. Mercury, four ounces. Nitric acid, twelve fl. ounces. Prepared lard, fifteen ounces. Olive oil, thirty-two fl. ounces. Operate as directed for the preceding. It is directed to use the melted fats hot, with- out indicating the precise temperature. Brit. Ph. This ointment is sometimes made with fresh butter, when it is of a firm consistence. A stimulant and alterative application, used in most cases diluted with lard. Em- ployed in various skin diseases, etc. It is known under the name of Citrine ointment. four parts. half a part. sufficient. Ointment of Nitrate of Mercury and Lead. R. Mercury, Lead, Dissolve separately in Nitric acid, Then mix Oil of almonds, twenty-fotir parts, Lard, forty-eight parts, first with the mercurial, and then with the saturnine solution ; rub well together. Van Mons. Advised by Armstrong in porrigo favosa. Liniment of Nitrate of Mercury. R. Ointment of nitrate of mercury, two ounces and a half. Simple cerate, seven ounces and a half. Olive oil, five fl. ounces and a half. Mix well Beasley. R. Ointment of nitrate of mercury, Almond oil, equal parts. Triturate together till perfectly mixed. Sir II Ilalford. Solution of Nitrate of Mercury. R. Mercury, three troyounces. Nitric acid, five troyounces. Distilled water, six fl. drachms. HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM NIGRUM. 341 Dissolve and evaporate to seven troyounces and a half. Or R. Red oxide of mercury, three troyounces and two drachms. Nitric acid, three troyounces and five drachms. Distilled water, six fl. drachms. Dissolve and evaporate to seven troyounces and a half. U. S. Ph. R. Mercury, four parts. Nitric acid, six parts. Water, two parts. Dissolve, and evaporate to nine parts. Parts Codex. A powerful caustic and escharotic, used in obstinate skin diseases. The part to which it is applied becomes white, and in a few days a yellow scab falls off. Solution of Protonitrate of Mercury. R. Protonitrate of mercury, twenty parts. Nitric acid, three parts. Triturate in a mortar, avoiding heat, and dissolve in sufficient water to make the weight two hundred parts. Prepare when needed for dispensing. Ph. Germ. Dose, one to two drops, and externally in syphilitic ulcers. HYDRARGYRI OLEAS. Oleate op Mercury. This preparation has been introduced by Prof. J. Marshall, and is recommended as far preferable to mercurial ointment ; it should merely be applied with a brush or lightly spread over the part with one finger. Com- bined with morphia, it has proved of service in chronic rheumatism and gout. The fol- lowing combination is generally employed. Oleate of Mercury and Morphia. R. Pure oleic acid, seven thousand grains. Oxide of mercury, seven hundred grains. Morphia, one hundred and forty grains. Digest at or below 150° in a closed vessel out of contact with the atmosphere, until dissolved. Am. Journ. Ph. 1873, p. 97. Commercial oleic acid always reduces a portion of the oxide of mercury ; the pre- cipitated mercury should be collected, and the weight of oxide of mercury which it represents should be deducted from the weight used, when the proportion dissolved is readily calculated. Ch. Rice, in Am. Journ. Ph. 1873, p. 1. Mr. L. Dohme has suggested to prepare this compound by precipitating a solution of nitrate of mercury by one of oleate of potassium ; the precipitate is dissolved in oleic acid, or in a mixture of alcohol and oleic acid, when it remains permanently fluid. HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM NIGRUM. Black Oxide of Mercury. R. Calomel, four ounces, one pint. Dissolve the potassa in the water, let settle and decant ; add the calomel, stirring well till the black oxide is formed, decant, wash the oxide with distilled water, and dry with a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. 1840. Alterative, purgative, and sialagogue. Dose, one-quarter of a grain to two grains. Potassa, each, Water, Black Wash. R. Calomel, thirty grains. Lime water, ten fl. ounces. Mix. Brit. Ph. R. Calomel, one drachm. Lime water, six troyounces. Mix well. As a lotion to venereal and phagadenic ulcers. Ph. Germ. R. Calomel, half a drachm. Powdered opium, two drachms. Lime water, two fl. ounces. Mix. As a dressing for chancres. Rust. Pills of Black Oxide of Mercury. R. Black oxide of mercury, one drachm. Confection of roses, three drachms. Powdered chamomile, half a drachm. Mix. As a substitute for blue pill. Tyson. Ointment of Black Oxide of Mercury. R. Black oxide of mercury, one part. Lard, sixteen parts. Subject to a temperature of 300° to 320° for an hour, stirring continually, remove, and stir till cold. As a substitute for mer- curial ointment. Donovan. 342 HTDKAEGTEI OXIDUM RITBRUM. HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM RUBRUM (ET F L A Y U M). Red (and Yellow) Oxide of Mercury. Red Precipitate. R. Mercury, thirty -six troy ounces. Nitric acid, twenty-four troyounces. Water, two pints. Dissolve the mercury with a gentle heat, in the acid and water, and evaporate to dryness. Rub to powder, and heat in a shallow vessel, as long as red vapors arise. U. S. Ph. R. Mercury, Nitric acid, eight ounces, four fl. ounces and a half. Water, two fl. ounces. Dissolve half the mercury in the nitric acid and water, and evaporate to dryness. Tri- turate the salt with the remaining mercury until uniformly blended together, and heat in a porcelain dish until vapors cease to be evolved. Brit. Ph. Yellow Oxide of Mercury. R. Corrosive sublimate, four troyounces. Solution of potassa, seventeen troyounces. Distilled water, sufficient. Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in five pints of the water, and add the solution of potassa. Let settle, decant, wash the pre- cipitate with distilled water, dry with a gentle heat in a dark place, and preserve it protected from the light. U. S. Ph. Ph. Germ, directs solution of soda, in- stead of potassa, to be used for precipi- tating. The red and yellow oxides of mercury are seldom used internally in this country, as they are harsh and uncertain in their operation, but are much employed externally as stimulants and escharotics. Pills of Red Oxide of Mercury. Bs. Red Oxide of mercury, Powdered opium, each, one grain. Oil of cloves, two drops. Mix. and make three pills. One, every night for a week, in venereal complaints. Ellis. R. Red oxide of mercury, three grains. Acetate of morphia, one grain. Powdered mallow root, Water, each, sufficient. Mix, and form twenty pills. One, morning and evening. Radius. Powder of Red Oxide of Mercury. R. Red oxide of mercury, Burnt alum, each, half a drachm. Powdered savine, two drachms. As an application to condyloma, whitlow, etc. Phoebus. Yellow "Wash. R. Corrosive sublimate, eighteen grains. Lime water, Mix. Yellow wash of Ph. identical with this. ten fl. ounces. Brit. Ph. Germ, is nearly R. Corrosive sublimate, one scruple. Carbonate of potassium, one drachm. Rub together, and add gradually Distilled water, one pint. Mix. Span. Ph. Employed as lotions to venereal and phagadenic ulcers ; must be shaken up when used. Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury. R. Red oxide of mercury, in very fine powder, one drachm. Simple ointment, seven drachms. Rub the oxide with the ointment gradually added, and mix well. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. directs the same strength, but uses an ointment made of one part of yellow wax and three parts of almond oil. Paris Codex directs one part of the oxide to fifteen parts of rose ointment. Ph. Germ. directs one part of the oxide to nine parts of lard ; and under the name of ophthalmic ointment, a weaker ointment which is ex- actly one-seventh the strength directed by U. S. Ph. An efficacious, stimulating application to foul and indolent ulcers, psorophthalmia, etc. Where it is too stimulating, dilute with lard. R. Red oxide of mercury, one drachm. Venice turpentine, one ounce. HTDEAEGYEI PHOSPHAS 343 Mix. As an application to indolent ulcers, and also used in itch. Ellis. Ointment of Yellow Oxide of Mercury. R. Yellow oxide of mercury, one drachm. Simple ointment, seven drachms. Mix thoroughly. U. S. Ph. Mainly used in affections of the eye, in which cases it is preferred to the preceding owing to the minute division of the oxide of mercury. Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury and Sulphur. R. Red oxide of mercury, Mercury, each, one part. Precipitated sulphur, sixteen parts. Triturate till globules disappear, and add Lard, thirty-two parts. Rub well together. As a friction in the cure of itch. Swediaur. Brown Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury. R. Red oxide of mercury, one part. Basilicon ointment, fifteen parts. Rub well together. Larrey's brown oint- ment Used in the treatment of indolent venereal ulcers. Paris Codex. Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury, and Tin. R. Red oxide of mercury, two drachms. Amalgam of equal parts of mercury and tin, four drachms. Rose ointment, one ounce. Rub well together, and add Oil of peppermint, twenty drops. Highly spoken of in hemorrhoidal tumors. Cadet de Gassicourt. Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury and Cinnabar. R. Red oxide of mercury, one ounce. Cinnabar, one drachm. Lard, one pound. Rub well together. Employed in chronic inflammations of the eyelids. Giordano. Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury and Zinc. R. Red oxide of mercury, fifteen parts. Oxide of zinc, six parts. Yellow wax, twenty-four parts. Lard, one hundred and fort} 7 parts. Camphor, five parts. Olive oil, ten parts. Melt wax, add the lard, triturate with the oxide, and add the camphor dissolved in the oil. Ph. Germ. Well known as St. Yves ophthalmic ointment. R. Red oxide of mercury, one part. Sulphate of zinc, two parts. Lard, ninetj'-six parts. Rub well together. In scrofulous ophthal- mia, as an application to the edges of the eyelids. Dupuytren. Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury and Lead. three drachms, one grain. R. Fresh butter, Camphor, Red precipitate, Acetate of lead, each, ten grains. Mix thoroughly. Eegenl's ophthalmic ointment. Paris Codex. R. Red oxide of mercury, "] , Oxide of zinc, I eacn ' Burnt alum, f , ° ne Acetate of lead, J aracnm - Corrosive sublimate, fifteen grains. Rose ointment, one ounce. Rub well together. Celebrated as De- saultfs ophthalmic ointment, in the treat- ment of herpetic affections, etc. Paris Codex. HYDRARGYRI PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Mercury. R Solution of nitrate of mercury, at will. Add to it a solution of phosphate of sodium, as long as any precipitate is formed; decant, wash the precipitate well, and dry it. Van Mons. This has been highly praised in secondary syphilis. The dose is half a grain to a grain, combined with sugar or some aro- matic powder. 344 HYDRAKGYEI SULPHURETUM KIGEUM. Pills of Phosphate of Mercury. R. Phosphate of mercury, Tartar emetic, Opium, Conserve of roses, Mix, and make nine pills. One in the evening, at bedtime. Radius. nine grains. one grain. six grains. sufficient. HYDRARGYRI SULPHAS. Persulphate of Mercury. B. Mercury, twenty ounces. Sulphuric acid, twelve fl. ounces. Expose them to heat in a porcelain vessel, and increase the heat until the mass be- comes white and perfectly dry. Brit. Ph. Not used as a remedy, but serves to form corrosive sublimate, calomel, and turpeth mineral. Yellow Sulphate of Mercury. Turpeth Mineral. R. Persulphate of mercury, one part. Warm water, twenty parts. Rub together in an earthenware mortar, and pour off the supernatant liquid ; wash the yellow powder with warm distilled water, as long as the washings are pre- cipitated by caustic potassa. Dry. Dub. Ph. 1826. R. Mercury, four troyounces. Sulphuric acid, six troyounces. Mix them in a glass vessel, and boil on a sand-bath till a dry white mass remains. Rub this into powder, and throw it into boiling water. Pour off the supernatant liquor, wash the yellow precipitate repeat- edly in hot water, and dry it. U. S. Ph. Turpeth mineral is alterative, errhine, and emetic. The dose, as an alterative, is from a quarter to half a grain ; as an er- rhine, one grain mixed with five grains of some bland powder ; as an emetic, two to five grains. Compound Powder of Sulphate of Mercury. H. Sulphate of mercury, one grain. Powdered asarabacca, one drachm and a half. Mix, and divide into eight powders. One to be Qsed as an errhine, twice a day. in gutta screna, ozicna, etc. Ellis. Ointment of Sulphate of Mercury. R. Sulphate of mercury, one part. Lard, eight parts. Rub well together. As an application to herpes, porrigo, etc. Soubeiran. R. Sulphate of mercury, two drachms. Chloride of lime, three drachms. Oil of almonds, six drachms. Lard, two ounces. Melt together the oil and lard, and mix the two powders. More stimulating than the last. Used in obstinate cutaneous affec- tions. Chevallier. HYDRARGYRI SULPHUR- ETUM NIGRUM. Black Sulphuret of Mercury. Ethiops Mineral. R. Mercury, Sulphur, each, one pound. Rub together till all globules disappear. Ph. Germ. Employed as an alterative iu cutaneous affections and glandular swellings. Dose, from five to thirty grains, or even more, several times a day. Powder of Black Sulphuret of Mercury. R. Black sulphuret of mercury, four drachms. Prepared chalk, two ounces. Powdered amber, one ounce. Mix well, and divide into sixty-four pow- ders. One, and afterwards two a day, in a glass of sugar and water. In scrofulous affections. St. Marie. R. Black sulphuret of mercmy, Prepared oyster shell, each, one drachm. Powdered orange-peel, half a drachm. Mix, and make ten powders. Three a day, as an anthelmintic. Phoebus. Pills of Black Sulphuret of Mercury. R. Black sulphuret of mercury, Extract of bittersweet, each, two drachms. Powdered mallow, sufficient. Mix, and form one hundred and twenty pills. Four to five, three times a day. In obstinate cutaneous affections. Radius. HTDBAEGTEI TAETEAS. 345 R. Black sulphuret of mercury, one scruple. Extract of dandelion, three drachms. Ammoniac, two drachms. Powdered squill, half a drachm. Syrup, sufficient. Beat together, and make pills of three grains. Dose, five, thrice a day. In ascites with engorgement of the abdominal viscera. St. Marie. R. Black sulphuret of mercury, half an ounce. Guaiacum, Soap, each, two drachms. Golden sulphuret of antimon}', two scruples. Extract of horehound, sufficient. Beat together, and form pills of two grains. Ten. morning and evening. In chronic rheumatism. Baldinger. HYDRARGYRI SULPHUR- ETUM RUBRUM. Red Sulphuret of Mercury. Cinnabar. R. Mercury, forty ounces. Sulphur, eight ounces. Melt the sulphur, and mix the mercury with it over the fire. When mass begins to swell remove from fire, and cover the ves- sel, to prevent combustion; when cool, powder and sublime. U. S. Ph. At one time, cinnaba/ was much used as an alterative and anthelmintic, but it is now seldom employed except for fumigation. Dose, five to ten grains. Powder of Red Sulphuret of Mercury. R. Red sulphuret of mercury, half an ounce. Powdered sugar candy, three ounces. Oil of cinnamon, half a drachm. Rub well together. At one time cele- brated as cordial, stomachic, and analeptic, in doses of a scruple. Swediaur. Pills of Red Sulphuret of Mercury. R. Red sulphuret of mercury, Powdered Yirginia snakeroot, each, half a drachm. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and form twelve pills. Two to be taken thrice a day ; alterative and diapho- retic ; useful in obstinate cutaneous affec- tions. Ellis. R. Red sulphuret of mercury, Extract of wormwood. " hemlock, each, one drachm. Beat together, and form pills of two grains. Dose, seven, morning and evening, in vene- real glandular swellings. Augustin. R Fumigating Powder. Red sulphuret of mercury, four drachms. Olibanum, two drachms. Mix. To be thrown on a red hot iron, and the diseased parts exposed to the fumes. In herpes and venereal pustules. Fay. Cerate of Red Sulphuret of Mercury. R. Powdered red sulphuret of mercury, Yellow resin, Yellow wax, Lard, each, Melt the resin, wax, add the sulphuret. conditioned ulcers. fifteen grains, half an ounce. half a pound. and lard together, and As a dressing to ill- Siuediaur. Ointment of Red Sulphuret of Mercury. R. Red sulphuret of mer- cury, one drachm and a half. Chloride of ammonium, half a drachm. Lard, two ounces. Rose water, one fl. drachm. Rub well together. Advised in pityriasis, to diminish the itching. Radius. R. Red sulphuret of mercury, one drachm. Camphor, one scruple. Simple cerate, one ounce. Rub well together. Used in the treatment of herpes. To be applied at least twice a day. Alibert. HYDRARGYRI TARTRAS. Tartrate of Mercury. R . Black oxide of mercury, at will. Tartaric acid, sufficient. Boil together, in a due proportion of water, until the oxide is dissolved : filter, and 316 HYDRASTIS HYOSCYAMUS. evaporate to the point of crystallization ; wash the crystals. Swediaur. Dose, one to two grains, twice a day. Tartrate of Mercury and Potassium. R. Boiling saturated solution of nitrate of mercury, at will. Add, drop by drop, a boiling saturated so- lution of bitartrate of potassium as long as a precipitate is formed ; decant, wash the precipitate well with cold water, dissolve in boiling water, and set aside to crystal- lize. Van Mons. Dose, one to three grains. Once very celebrated as Pressavin's vegeto-mercurial liquor. HYDRASTIS. Yellow Root. This is the rhizome and root of Hydrastis Canadensis, a native plant, more common in the western than in the eastern States. The flowers are yellow and fugacious, and are succeeded by red fruit, resembling raspber- ries, but not eatable. Sex. Syst. Polyand. polygyn. Nat. Syst. Bauunculacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 784. Griffith, Med. Bot. 82. The root is contorted, rugose, and of a bright yellow color. It has a strong, some- what narcotic odor, and a bitter taste. It is a powerful tonic bitter, and is also used in decoction as a wash in chronic ophthal- mia. It is given in powder, decoction, or in the form of fluid extract. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Fluid Extract of Hydrastis. R. Hydrastis, in powder, No. 80, sixteen troyounces. Gtycerin, two fluidounces. Alcohol, fourteen fl. ounces. Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of the mixture, pack in a percolator, add the remaining mixture, and macerate for four days ; then, with a mix- ture of two parts of alcohol and one of water, percolate twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, evaporate the remainder to two fluidounces, and mix with the reserved portion. U. S. Ph. HYOSCYAMUS. Henbane. Several species of Hyoscyamus are medi- cinal, but the only one that is officinalis the //. /".'/''•, a native of Europe, and now naturalized In some parts of the United States, it has a lurid appearance, and a rank, unpleasant odor. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Solanacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 257. Griffith, Med. Bot. 484. All parts of the plant are active, but the leaves are generally employed, though the seeds also are officinal. The dried leaves have but little taste or smell. The seeds are small, roundish, somewhat reniform, of a grayish color ; of an unpleasant smell, and an oily, somewhat bitter taste. They both owe their properties to an alkaloid, called hyoscyamia. They are anodyne and hypno- tic, and are used to relieve pain, to procure sleep, and to quiet an excited nervous sys- tem. The dose of the powdered leaves is from five to ten grains ; of the seeds rather less. The latter are used in the compound emulsion of almonds (see page 133). Aqueous Extract of Hyoscyamus. R. Hyoscyamus leaves, one pound. Bruise them in a stone mortar, adding a little water ; express, heat the juice to boiling point, strain, and evaporate. U.S. Ph. Paris Codex operates in same manner, but cools and strains the concentrated juice just previous to the final evaporation. Brit. Ph. separates first the chlorophyll, afterwards the albumen ; the chlorophyll is again incorporated with the concentrated juice. Ph. Germ, removes chlorophyll and albumen by heat, and the mucilaginous constituents from the concentrated juice by alcohol. Dose, two grains, twice a day, to be gradually increased till the system is affected. Alcoholic Extract of Hyoscyamus. R. H}^oscyamus leaves, in powder, No. 50, sixteen troyounces. Alcohol, four pints. Water, two pints. Mix the liquids, moisten powder with a pint of the mixture, pack firmly in a coni- cal percolator, and displace six pints of tincture, using first remainder of mixture, afterwards diluted alcohol. Evaporate the percolate by a water-bath to proper con- sistence.' U. S. Ph. Dose, as for the last, and in the same manner. Fluid Extract of Henbane. R. Hyoscyamus leaves, in powder, No. 50, sixteen troyounces. Alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. Glycerin, three fl. ounces. Water, one fl. ounce. HYOSCYAMUS. 347 Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with half a pint of the mixture, pack firmly into a percolator, add the remaining liquid, and macerate for four days ; then with diluted alcohol, displace twenty-four fl. ounces, re- serving the first fourteen, add to the re- mainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Dose, a teaspoonful. Compound Powder of Henbane. R. Powdered extract of henbane, Oxide of zinc, each, ten grains. Magnesia, half a drachm. Sugar of milk, two drachms and a half. Mix, and divide into ten powders, One every three hours, as a sedative, in nervous attacks. Vogler. I each, one ounce. Compound Pills of Henbane. R. Extract of henbane, " opium, " belladonna, " hemlock, Beat together, and form pills of one grain. Said to be useful in neuralgia of the face, in doses of one to six a day. Pierquin. R. Extract of henbane, half a drachm. " opium, two grains. Powdered foxglove, " ipecacuanha, each, five grains. Beat together, and make thirty pills. One every three hours, in hooping-cough. Phoebus. R. Extract of henbane,) each, two " valerian, >- drachms Oxide of zinc, ) and a half. Beat together, and form two hundred pills. Paris Codex. In hysteria, neuralgia, etc., in doses of one to ten. Known as Meglin's pills. R. Extract of henbane, two scruples. Powdered myrrh, one drachm and a half. " squill, half a drachm. Distilled water, sufficient. Beat together, and make thirty pills. Two, night and morning, in catarrh and phthisis, with debility of the pulmonary organs. Parts. Pills of Henbane and Opium. R. Extract of henbane, " hemlock, each, fifteen grains. Powdered opium, four grains. Beat into mass, and make ten pills. One at night, as an anodyne. Ellis. Pills of Henbane and Ipecacuanha. R. Extract of henbane, ten grains. Powdered ipecacuanha, five grains. Mix, and make ten pills. One, every hour or two, in irritability of the bowels, with flatulence. Ellis. Infusion of Henbane. R. Leaves of henbane, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse. As a lotion to painful ulcers. Ellis. Compound Infusion of Henbane. R. Henbane leaves, ) , Poppy heads, >- ' Mallow, f one ounce. Boiling water, four pints. Infuse for an hour, and strain. As a fo- mentation to painful tumors, etc. Radius. Mixture of Henbane. R. Oil of almonds, half an ounce. Powdered gum Arabic, two drachms. Oil of fennel, one drop. Extract of henbane, six grains. Sugar, half an ounce. Water, two fl. ounces. Rub well together. A spoonful every two hours, in catarrh. Foy. Mixture of Henbane and Antimony. R. Extract of henbane, ten grains. Antimonial wine, two fl. drachms. Dissolve. In hooping-cough, in doses of five to ten drops. . Augustin. Tincture of Hyoscyamus. R. Hyoscyamus leaves, in powder, No. 60, four troj^ounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by percolation two pints. y F U.S. Ph. The tincture of Brit. Ph. is nearly of the same strength. Dose, a fl. drachm. 348 ICHTHYOCOLLA Ethereal Tincture of Henbane. R. Henbane leaves, one part. Ether, six parts. Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Dose, ten to twelve drops, three or four times a day. Hesse Ph. Mixture of Henbane and Squill. R. Tincture of squill, ten drops. Nitric acid, five drops. Extract of henbane, three grains. Water, one fl. ounce and a half. Mix. In spasmodic asthma; to be re- peated every three or four hours. Bree. Anodyne Poultice. R. Poppy heads, one part. Henbane, two parts. Bruise, boil for a few seconds with twenty- four parts of water, express, and add Powdered emollient species, four parts. If laudanum is required, it should be poured upon the poultice without mixing- it with the mass. Paris Codex. Oleo-infusion of Hyoscyamus. R. Hyoscyamus, bruised, two parts. Alcohol, one part. Olive oil, twenty parts. Digest hyoscyamus and alcohol in a covered vessel for several hours, afterwards with the oil until the alcohol is evaporated, ex- press, and filter. Ph. Germ. Liniment of Henbane. R. Extract of henbane, half a drachm. White soap, Linseed oil, two drachms. six ounces. Mix. As an embrocation to glandular swellings. Dupuytren. Ointment of Hyoscyamus. R. Extract of henbane, one part. Simple ointment, nine parts. Rub together. As an application to pain- ful hemorrhoids. Ph. Germ. Compound Ointment of Henbane. R. Leaves of henbane, ] " stramonium, I each, a u bittersweet, [ handful. " elder, J Lard, two pounds. Heat together till all moisture is evapo- rated, and strain. As an application to frost-bites, chilblains, etc. Spielmann. R. Fresh poplar buds, four ounces. Lard, twelve ounces. Leaves of henbane, u poppy? each, " belladonna, y one " black night- ounce, shade, Heat together till all moisture is evapo- rated. As a soothing and anodyne oint- ment to painful local affections. Cottereau. This is much used in Europe, under the name of Unguentum populeum. Plaster of Hyoscyamus. R. Yellow wax, four parts. Turpentine, Olive oil, each, one part. Powdered hyoscyamus, two parts. Melt wax and turpentine and mix well with the oil and powder. Ph. Germ. ICIITnYOCOLLA. Isinglass. This is the swimming bladder of several kinds of fish. The best, however, is pro- cured from various species of sturgeon, in- habiting the more southern parts of Russia. It is a pure and nutritious gelatine, and is rather employed as food, and in the arts, than in medicine, in which it is only used as the basis of court-plaster. Court-Plaster. R. Isinglass, one ounce. Water, eight fl. ounces. Macerate for twenty-four hours, and add Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. When perfectly dissolved, brush over strained silk or sarsonet several times, al- ternating with a layer of tincture of Peru or benzoin. Cottereau. IGNATIA. 349 R. Isinglass, sixt} T grammes. Cover silk, one hundred and four centi- metres in length and forty-two centimetres in width, with a solution of one-half the isinglass in eleven times its quantity of water. When dry cover again with a similar solution of the remaining isinglass, to which one hundred and twenty grammes alcohol and three grammes of glycerin have been gradually added. When dry, coat the back with tincture of benzoin. Ph. Germ. R. Isinglass, nine drachms. Dissolve in water, and add hot filtered mix- ture of Alcohol (0.921), twelve fl. ounces. Tincture of benzoin, two fl. ounces. Apply this to strained silk, till six coats are given, permitting each to dry before applying another, then brush over twice with a mixture of Tincture of benzoin, six fl. ounces. Liquid turpentine, four ounces. Virey. R. Isinglass, one ounce. Water, two fl. ounces. Mix, and allow to stand till the isinglass is quite soft, then add Rectified spirit, three fl. ounces and a half, mixed with Water, one fl. ounce and a half. Expose to heat of water-bath till dissolved, and apply to oiled silk, nailed to a board, by means of a soft brush ; apply four coats. Liston. R. Fasten a piece of fine muslin, linen, or silk, to a flat board, and give it a thin coat of flour paste ; over this, when dry, two coats of colorless gelatine are to be applied. Said to be su- perior to the usual court-plaster. Deschamps. R. To one quart of jelly (obtained by boiling two beef's feet in suffi- cient water to cover them, and removing the fat from the sur- face), add one ox-gall ; boil, and strain through a coarse cloth. Then add, while warm, two fl. ounces of laudanum, and the same quantity of tincture of camphor. Stir well together, and apply the composition to silk stretched on frames, two or three times with a paint brush, and carefully dry. This is far less apt to irritate the skin than common court-plaster. Bullock. Diamond Cement. R. Isinglass, softened in water, and dissolved in the smallest quan- tity of diluted alcohol, Of the solution, two ounces. Ammoniac, ten grains, and whilst still liquid, add Solution of mastic, made with half a drachm, in three drachms of alcohol. Stir well together. Redwood. IGNATIA. Bean op St. Ignatius. The seed of Strychnos Ignatia (Ignatia amara), a shrub or small tree, which is a native of the Philippine Islands, and has been transplanted to Cochin China and other parts of the East Indies. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Loganiacese. The seeds are about an inch long, ovate, angular, and variously flattened, very hard, of a purplish-black or grayish color exter- nally, and dark gray or brownish and some- what diaphanous within. They are inodor- ous, and have a very bitter taste, which is due to the alkaloids brucia and strychnia, of the latter of which they contain a larger proportion (about twice as much) than is contained in mix vomica. They have the same properties and are employed for the same purposes as nux vomica, but require a smaller dose. Ignatia is given in the form of extract and tincture. Extract of Ignatia. R. Ignatia in powder, No. 60, twelve troyounces. Alcohol, sufficient. Moisten powder with four fl. ounces of al- cohol, press firmly into a cylindrical perco- lator, and obtain three pints of percolate. Distil to half a pint, and evaporate this to the proper consistence. IT. S. Ph. Dose, one-eighth to half a grain. Tincture of Ignatia. R. Ignatia, in coarse powder, four troyounces. 350 IXDIGO. — INULA. Moisten with two fl. ounces of water and heat in a corked bottle until the powder is swollen ; then add half a pint of alcohol and digest for three hours ; pack in a per- colator and slowly displace one pint. Or, R. Extract of Ignatia, half a troy- ounce. Alcohol, one pint. Dissolve. Dose, ten to fifteen drops. Procter. Alkaline Tincture of Ignatia. R. Rasped Ignatia, five hundred parts. Carbonate of potassium, five parts. Soot, one part. Alcohol, 60 per ct., one thousand parts. Digest for ten days, express, and filter. Gouttes ameres or Baum&s tincture. Dose, one to eight drops. Paris Codex. INDIGO. Indigo. A tinctorial material, obtained from several species of Indigofera. It is found in commerce in tbe form of small, solid, brittle masses, having scarcely any taste or odor, of a deep blue color, but assuming a coppery lustre when rubbed. It is princi- pally used in tbe arts, but has also been em- ployed as a remedial agent, in various spas- modic diseases. The dose is about a scruple, two or three times a day, rapidly increased to a drachm or more. Powder of Indigo. R. Powdered indigo, half an ounce. Aromatic powder, half a drachm. Mix. A teaspoonful, three times a day, in epilepsy. Radius. Electuary of Indigo. R. Powdered indigo, half an ounce. Aromatic powder, half a drachm. Syrup, one fl. ounce. Mix. To be taken in divided doses, during the day. Phaibus. Pills of Indigo. R. Powdered indigo, 8event} T -five grains. Assafetida, fifteen grains. Castor, seven grnins. Mix, and form twenty pills. One every hour. Podreca. Sulphate of Indigo. R. Indigo, Bengal, in powder, four ounces. Sulphuric acid, twenty-four ounces. Dissolve by maceration and agitation, and add water until the solution measures four pints. INULA. Elecampane. The root of Inula helenium, a large her- baceous plant, a native of Europe, and cultivated in gardens in this country, where it has also become naturalized in some places. 6'ex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. As- Linn.' Sp. PI. 881. Griffith, Med. Bot. 397. The root is thick, fleshy, and branched. As dried and found in the shops, it is in slices of a yellowish-gray color, with a peculiar and aromatic odor, and an un- pleasant, bitterish taste, with an after-sen- sation of pungency. It is tonic and ex- pectorant, and also acts in some cases as a diuretic and diaphoretic. The dose of the powder is from a scruple to a drachm. Decoction of Elecampane. R. Elecampane root, half an ounce. Water, one pint. Boil. Dose, a fl. ounce every hour or two. Wood. Compound Pills of Elecampane. R. Extract of elecampane, one drachm. Powdered foxglove, " ipecacuanha, each, ten grains. Opium, five grains. Beat into mass, and form pills of two grains. One every hour in chronic catarrh. Heim. Extract of Elecampane. R. Elecampane root, at will. Exhaust with diluted alcohol, and evapo- rate to the proper consistence. Dose, ten to thirty grains. Ph. Germ. Mixture of Elecampane. R. Extract of elecampane, two drachms. Antimonial wine, one fl. ounce. Syrup of orange flowers, half a fl. ounce. IODINIUM. 351 Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty drops, every three hours, in asthma and chronic catarrh. Jalin. Compound Oxymel of Elecampane. R. Elecampane root, one ounce. Orris root, half an ounce. Water, thirty-six fl. ounces. Boil down to two-thirds, strain, and add Honey, sixteen ounces. Ammoniac, one ounce. Yinegar, eight fl. ounces. Evaporate to the consistence of honey. A spoonful occasionally, in catarrh and humid Spielmann. asthma. IODINIUM Iodine. Iodine is an elementary non-metallic body, having many of the properties of chlorine. It exists in many marine vege- tables and animals, and also in some mine- ral bodies and salt springs ; but is princi- pally obtained from kelp, or the ashes of seaweeds. It is soft, friable, and opaque ; of a bluish-black color and metallic lustre, and has a strong and penetrating odor, and an acrid taste. It is employed as a stimu- lant or alterant in morbid actions of the absorbent and glandular systems, both ex- ternally and internally, and, in overdoses, acts as an irritant poison. The dose, in substance, is from the eighth of a grain to a grain. Pills of Iodine. R. Iodine, six grains. Extract of gentian, one drachm. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix, and form twenty-four pills. These are said to be useful in mercurial or scor- butic salivation. Radius. Tincture of Iodine. R. Iodine, one troj^ounce. Alcohol, one pint. Dissolve. U. S. Ph. Sixteen minims, or thirty-five drops, con- tain one grain of iodine. Dose, from ten to twenty drops, three times a day ; to be increased. R. Iodine, one part. Alcohol, ten parts. Dissolve. This is nearly a saturated tinc- ture. Ph. Germ. Saturated Tincture of Iodine. R. Iodine, two scruples. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. Compound spirit of lavender, two fl. drachms. Mix. Five to ten drops, twice a day, gradually increasing. In amenorrhcea, leucorrhcea, gonorrhoea, etc. Durand. Decolorized Tincture of Iodine. R. Iodine, } each, Hyposulphite of sodium, \ ten Distilled water, ) parts. Make a solution at a moderate heat ; add Spirit of ammonia, sixteen parts. Agitate for a few moments, and add Alcohol, seventy-five parts. Set in a cool place for three days, and fil- ter. Colorless, with a slight ammoniacal odor. Ph. Germ. Compound Tincture of Iodine. R. Iodine, half a troy ounce. Iodide of potassium, one troyounce. Alcohol, one pint. Dissolve. Dose, five to fifteen drops, as may be required. U. S. Ph. R. Iodine, half an ounce. Iodide of potassium, one quarter ounce. Alcohol (imp. meas.), one pint. Dissolve. Brit. Ph. This is the tincture of iodine of Brit. Ph., and is considerably weaker than the preceding. Dose, ten to twenty minims. Ethereal Tincture of Iodine. R. Iodine, two scruples. Sulphuric ether, one fl. ounce and a half. Dissolve, and filter. Magendie. R. Iodine, six grains. Sulphuric ether, two fl. drachms. Dissolve. Dose, ten drops, two or three times a day, much diluted. In diseases of the skin or glands. Ellis. R. Iodine, at will. Sulphuric ether, sufficient to make a saturated solution. This is very useful as a counter-irritant, and is applied by a camel-hair pencil. The part is then to be covered with a pledget of lint to check evaporation. R. Thomson. 352 IODINIUM Mixture of Iodine and Iodide of Potassium. B. Iodine, three grains. Iodide of potassium, six grains. Distilled water one fl. ounce. Dissolve. Dose, six to twenty drops, thrice a day, in a draught of cold water. In glan- dular diseases and affections of the mucous membranes. Morton. Compound Solution of Iodine. R. Iodine, six drachms. Iodide of potassium, a troyounce and a half. Distilled water, a pint. Dissolve. U. S. Ph. R. Iodine, twenty r grains. Iodide of jjotassium, thirty grains. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. Officinal under the name of So- lution of Iodine. Brit. Ph. 3. Bath with Iodine. For adults. 1. 2. R. Iodide of po- tassium, 231 grs. 308 grs. 3Y0 grs. Iodine, 123 u 154 " 184 " Water, twenty fl. ounces. Dissolve, and add to bath of sixty gallons. For children. R. Iodide of po- tassium, 77 grs. 92 grs. 107 grs. Iodine, 38 " 46 " 61 u Water, ten fl. ounces. Dissolve, and add to bath of sixty gallons. Used in scrofulous affections. Lugol. Solution of Iodine. For internal use. 1. 2. 3. R. Iodine, \ gr. f gr. 1 gr. Common salt, 12 grs. 12 grs. 12 grs. Distilled water, Oj. Oj. Oj. For external use. R. Iodine, 2 grs. 3 grs. 4 grs. Distilled water, Oj. Oj. Oj. As a lotion. Lugol. Inhalation of Iodine. R. Tincture of iodine {Brit. Ph.), one fl. drachm. Water, one fl. ounce. Mix ; apply a gentle heat, and let the va- pors be inhaled! Brit. Ph. R. Compound solution of iodine, ten to forty drops. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Mix. Used with an atomizer in chronic bronchitis. Solis Cohen. R. Iodine, Chloroform, Dissolve. Forty drops to be inhaled at night. Butcher. twenty grains, one fl. ounce. Liniment of Iodine. ' R. Iodine, one ounce and a quarter. Iodide of potassium, half an ounce. Camphor, one quarter ounce. Rectified spirit, ten fl. ounces. Dissolve. Brit. Ph. Lotion of Iodine. R. Tincture of iodine, half afl. ounce. Iodide of iron, twelve grains. Chloride of anti- mony, half an ounce. Mix. As an application to corns, by means of a camel's-hair pencil, after the corn has been pared. Henderson. R. Tincture of iodine, one fl. drachm. Black drop, two fl. drachms. Oil of almonds, Lime water, each, two fl. ounces. Mix carefully. As a lotion for chilblains. Cadet. R. Iodine, one or two grains. Alcohol, one fl. drachm. Water, one pint. Mix. To wash scrofulous ulcers. Foy. Collyrium of Iodine. R. Iodide of potas- sium, twenty-five grains. Iodine, one grain. Rose water, eight troyounces. Dissolve. In scrofulous affections of the eye. Magendie. Mixture of Iodine. R. Tincture of iodine, ninety drops. Decoction of Peruvian bark, ten fl. ounces. Mix. Two spoonfuls, three times a day. Radius. R. Tincture of iodine, ten drops. Water of soapwort, four fl. ounces. Syrup of orange- flowers, one fl. ounce. IODINIUM. 353 Mix. In spoonful doses. In the treatment of scrofulous ulcers. Foy. Syrup of Iodo-tannin. R. Iodine, one part. Tannin, six parts. Distilled water, one hundred parts. Dissolve and evaporate to twenty parts, filter, and. to every sixty parts of the solu- tion, add enough syrup to make one thou- sand parts. Demolon. Dose, a tablespoonful, in scrofulous affec- tions, leucorrhcea, etc. Guilliermond has published a similar formula, containing three-fifths the above amount of iodine, and substituting extract of rhatany in place of the tannin. Clyster of Iodine. R. Gum Arabic, four drachms. Water, six fl. ounces. Dissolve, and add Tincture of iodine, five drops. In amenorrhcea, dysmenorrhcea, etc. Cadet. Gargle of Iodine. R. Tincture of iodine, one to two fl. drachms. Tincture of opium, one fl. drachm. Water, six fl. ounces. Mix. As a gargle, in ulceration of the tonsils. Ross. Ointment of Iodine. R. Iodine, twenty grains. Iodide of potassium, four grains. Water, six minims. Lard, one tro3 T ounce. Eub the iodine and iodide with the water, and then with the lard, till thoroughly mixed. JJ. S. Ph. In goitre, scrofulous swellings, etc. R. Iodine, Iodide of potassium, each, thirty- two grains. Proof spirit, one fl. drachm. Prepared lard, two ounces. Proceed as above. Brit. Ph. R. Iodine, one scruple. Rose ointment, one ounce. Mix. To be applied to the tonsils, night and morning, by means of a brush. Not to be used till all inflammation is subdued. Cerchiari. 23 R. Iodine, Lard, Rub together carefully. one part. sixteen parts. Guibourt. Compound Ointment of Iodine. R. Iodine, fifteen grains. Iodide of potassium, thirty grs. Water, thirty minims. Lard, one troyounce. Eub the iodine and iodide of potassium with the water, and then with the lard, till thoroughly mixed. JJ. S. Ph. Used in same cases as the iodine oint- ment, but is more active. Iodine Ointment with Oil of Tobacco. R. Iodine, twelve grains. Iodide of potassium, four scruples. Oil of tobacco, Lard, fifty drops, two drachms. Mix. To relax rigid muscles. Dover. Iodine Ointment and Mercury. R. Mercurial ointment, sixteen parts. Iodine, three parts. Mix. In frictions, in ovarian dropsy. Radius. Liniment of Iodine. R. Liniment of opium, one fl. ounce. Tincture of iodine, one fl. drachm. Mix. Manson. Cataplasm of Iodine. R. Tincture of iodine, half fl. ounce, Flaxseed meal, one ounce. Oatmeal, three ounces. Distilled water, sufficient. Make a cataplasm. Used as an applica- tion to scrofulous tumors and goitre. JDunghson, N. Rem. Iodine Plaster. R. Iodine, one drachm. Iodide of potassium, one scruple. Water, half a fl. drachm. Triturate in a mortar, and add to Burgundj^ pitch, three ounces. Wax, Suet, each, half an ounce. Melt together, and triturate till well mixed. 354 IODOFORMUM. — IPECACUANHA IODOFORMUM. Iodoform. R. Water, one hundred parts. Alcohol, thirteen parts. Bicarbonate of sodium, Iodine, each, ten parts. Mix together in a flask and digest at a mod- erate heat in a water-bath until, after two or three hours, the liquid has lost its brown color ; add iodine in small quantities as long as the brown coloration, at first produced, disappears ; then cool, collect the crystals, wash c*nd dry them. Clary. By adding more carbonate of sodium, heating to 160°, and passing a rapid current of chlorine gas through the mother-liquor, an additional quantity of iodoform may be obtained. Filhol. It is in yellow scaly crystals, having a saffron-like odor, insoluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol, ether, fixed and volatile oils ; exposed to the air, it slowly volatilizes. It has tonic, stimulant, and alterative pro- perties, and produces in larger doses tetanic spasms and death ; locally it acts as an anaesthetic. Dose, one to three grains twice a day, best given in the form of pill. Suppositories of Iodoform. R. Iodoform, in powder, eighteen grains. Oil of theobroma, seven drachms. Triturate the iodoform with half a drachm of the oil, add to the remainder the oil pre- viously melted, and make six suppositories. In indurated piles and cancer of the rectum. Maitre. R. Iodoform, in powder, eighteen grains. Oil of theobroma, three drachms. Make six suppositories. In syphilitic ulcer- ations. Lallier. Ointment of Iodoform. R. Iodoform, thirty or forty grains. Simple ointment, one ounce. Mix thoroughly. In obstinate skin diseases, and in bubo, scrofulous glandular enlarge- ments, etc. Glover. Saponated Emulsion of Iodoform. R. Quillaia bark, one part. Stronger alcohol, sufficient. Prepare four parts of tincture and saturate 1his with iodoform ; dilute one part of this liquid with four parts of water, and agitate. A portion of the water may be substituted by glycerin. Recommended as a convenient form for external use, and in doses of two to eight grains daily, internally. Lebaeuf. • IPECACUANHA. Ipecacuanha. The root of Cephaelis ipecacuanha, a small herbaceous plant, a native of Brazil. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ku- biacese. Richard, Bull. Med. iv. 92. Griffith, Med. Bot, 357. This root is about the size of a large quill, of an irregular, twisted shape, apparently- formed of small, unequal rings, about a line in height, separated by narrow inter- stices ; when broken, it presents two distinct parts, a thin ligneous centre, and a thick cortical layer of a brownish color, and some- what resinous appearance, having an her- baceous, sub-acrid, somewhat bitter taste, and a nauseous odor. Externally it pre- sents some varieties of color, but is usually brown. It is emetic, and sometimes purga- tive in full doses, and diaphoretic and ex- pectorant in small, but repeated quantities. As an emetic, the dose is fifteen to twenty grains ; as a nauseant, two to four grains ; as an expectorant, one to two grains. Compound Powder of Ipecacuanha. (Dover's Powder.) R. Ipecacuanha, Opium, each, in powder, one drachm. Sulphate of potassium, one ounce. Triturate thoroughly. U. S. Ph. R. Ipecacuanha, Liquorice root, Extract of opium, in powder, Sulphate of potassium, Nitrate of potassium, each, four ounces. Triturate well. Paris Codex. This latter formula approaches nearest to the original formula of Dover, but is not superior to the first, now generally used. Dose, five to ten grains, as a diaphoretic. each, one ounce. Dover's Powder (Original). R. Opium, one ounce. Saltpetre, Vitriolated tartar, each, four ounces. Ipecacuhan, one ounce. Liquorice, one ounce. " Put the saltpetre and tartar into a red- hot mortar, stirring them with a spoon until they have done flaming. Then powder them very fine. After that slice in your opium ; grind these to a powder, and then mix the other powders with them." Dover. IPECACUANHA. 355 Powder of Ipecacuanha and Tartar Emetic. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, one scruple. Tartar emetic, one grain. Mix. As an emetic, or in divided doses, as a nauseant and sudorific. * Ellis. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Rhubarb. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, u rhubarb, each, one scruple. Mix. As an emeto-cathartic in full doses ; or tonic alterative, in doses of three or four grains. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Chloride of Ammonium. R. Powdered ipecac- uanha, a quarter grain. Chloride of ammonium, twelve grains. Extract of liquorice, Sugar of milk, each, six grains. Mix. To be taken every two hours, as an expectorant, on the decline of pneumonia. Kopp. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Antimony. R. Ipecacuanha, Golden sulphuret of antimony, each, one grain. Camphor, three grains. Gum Arabic, one scruple. Triturate well. To be taken every two hours, in deficient expectoration in pneu- monia. Phoebus. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Carbonate of Sodium. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, " opium, each, one grain. Carbonate of sodium, twelve grains. Mix, and rub well together. To be taken every eight hours, in spasmodic asthma, hooping-cough, etc. A. T. Thomson. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Nitre. R. Dover's powder, one drachm. Nitre, one ounce. Mix. To be taken in divided doses. Beasley. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, six grains. " nitrate of potassium, thirty- grains. " myrrh, twelve grains. Mix, and divide into four powders ; one to be taken every four hours. Found useful in asthma, and the earlier stages of phthisis. A. T. Thomson. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Calomel. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, six grains. " opium % three grains. Calomel, one grain and a half. Powdered nitre, half a drachm. Mix, and make six powders. One, every three or four hours, as a diaphoretic. Ellis. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Myrrh. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, six grains. " myrrh, twelve grains. " nitre, half a drachm. Mix, and make four powders. One every four hours, as a stimulating expectorant. Paris. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Tragacanth. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, five grains. Compound tragacanth powder, ten grains. Mix, make a powder, to be taken every four or six hours. Useful at the com- mencement of febrile diseases, after clear- ing the stomach and bowels. A. T. Thomson. Extract of Ipecacuanha. R. Coarsely-powdered ipecacuanha, one part. Proof spirit, six parts. Treat by displacement ; distil off the spirit, and evaporate, on water-bath, to proper consistence. Paris Codex. Bolus of Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, two grains. Conserve of opium, one scruple. Prepared chalk, Mix, and make eight boluses, and morning, in dysentery. sufficient. Two, night St. Marie. 356 IPECACUANHA. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, Aromatic powder, Syrup of cinnamon, Mix, and make two boluses, evening, in dyspepsia. two grains. ten grains. sufficient. One in the Cadet. Pills of Ipecacuanha and Opium. R. Dover's powder, three parts. Confection of roses, one part. Mix, and make pills of four grains each. Ed. Ph. Pills of Ipecacuanha and Squill. R. Dover's powder, . three drachms. Powdered squill, Ammoniac, each, one drachm. Molasses, sufficient. Mix, and form mass. Dose, five to ten grains, as a diaphoretic. Brit. Ph. Pills of Ipecacuanha and Foxglove. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, " foxglove, each, half a drachm. Powdered opium, five grains. Extract of elecampane, sufficient. Mix, and make sixty pills. One, every three hours, in spasmodic asthma. Heim. Pills of Ipecacuanha and Centaury. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, Extract of centaury, each, fifteen grains. Powdered rhubarb, half a drachm. Mix, and make thirty pills. One, night and morning, in dyspepsia. Radius. Lozenges of Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, " tragacanth, each, two drachms. Powdered arrowroot, two troyounces. " sugar, eight troyounces. Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. Mix the powders thoroughly, form into a mass with the syrup, and divide into four hundred and eighty troches. (I. S. Ph. Dose, one to three. A good expectorant in catarrh. Each contains a quarter of a grain of ipecacu- anha. The lozenges of Brit. Ph. contain the same amount of ipecac, but weigh abont seventeen grains each ; those of Ph. Germ. weigh one gramme, and contain one-thir- teenth of a grain of ipecacuanha. Lozenges of Ipecacuanha and Camphor. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, fifteen grains. " camphor, " sugar, each, one drachm. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Mix, and make sixty lozenges. Beasley. R. Powdered sugar, five hundred parts. Flake manna, one hundred and twenty-five parts. Powdered ipecacuanha, eighteen parts. Lactucarium, eight parts. Powdered squill, four parts. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Make into a uniform paste, and divide into lozenges of ten grains. Five or six a day, in catarrh, etc. Grunn. Confection of Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, twelve grains. Flowers of sulphur, one scruple. Powdered orris, one drachm. Syrup of mallow, Manna, each, two ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful, two or three times a day in hooping-cough. Bories. Decoction of Ipecacuanha. R. Bruised ipecacuanha, two drachms. Water, twelve ounces. One-third of the water is to be used at a time, so as to make three decoctions ; these are to be united, and should amount to six ounces. Celebrated in dysentery ; one- third to be taken at a dose. Soubeiran. Fluid Extract of Ipecacuanha. R. Ipecacuanha, in powder, No. GO, sixteen troyounces. Glycerin, eight fl. ounces. Stronger alcohol, one pint and a half. Water, twelve fi. ounces. Mix the alcohol and water, moisten powder with six fl. ounces of the mixture, pack firmly in a conical percolator, add remain- IPECACUANHA. 357 ing mixture and macerate for four days. Then with diluted alcohol obtain two pints of percolate, mix with glycerin and evap- orate, at or below 140°, to one pint. U. S. Ph. If evaporated at a higher heat, the fluid extract is more unsightly and may become gelatinous. The following modification of the officinal process is an improvement : mix the perco- late with two fl. ounces of glycerin, evap- orate at 140° to ten fl. ounces, cool, and filter, wash the filter with sufficient water to make the filtrate measure twelve fluid- ounces, and mix with four fluidounces of glycerin. Amer. Journ. Ph. 1873, Nov. Mixture of Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, half a drachm. Tartar emetic, one grain. Tincture of squill, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. Mix. Four tablespoonfuls ; then two every ten minutes, till vomiting is produced. Ellis. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, five grains. Syrup of poppies, one drachm. Spirit of cinnamon, two drachms. Chalk mixture, thirteen drachms. Mix. As a draught in dysentery. Hooper. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, two grains. Carbonate of sodium, ten grains. Syrup of poppies, one fl. ounce. Mint water, six fl. ounces. Mix. In spoonfuls to check spasmodic vomiting. St. Marie. R. Ipecacuanha, one drachm. Senna, two drachms. Boiling water, six fl. ounces. Infuse for twelve hours, strain, and add Oxymel of squill, Syrup of hyssop, each, one ounce. Mix. In spoonfuls, in hooping-cough. Guibourt. Buckler's Croup Mixture. R. Tartar emetic, two grains. Powdered ipecacuanha, forty grains. Syrup of squill, two fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful every ten min- utes until it operates. Maryland Coll. Ph. Syrup of Ipecacuanha. R. Fluid extract of ipecacuanha, two fl. ounces. Syrup, thirty fl. ounces. Mix. U. S. Ph. R. Ipecacuanha, in powder, No. 60, two troyounces. Acetic acid, sixty minims. Glycerin, eight fl. ounces. Sugar, in coarse powder, eighteen troyounces. Moisten powder with a little alcohol, pack firmly in a cylindrical percolator, add two fl. ounces of alcohol, then eight fl. ounces of a mixture composed of two parts of alco- hol to one of water, and displace, finally, with diluted alcohol twelve fl. ounces ; evaporate the first two fl. ounces of the percolate spontaneously to a syrupy con- sistence, and the remaining ten fl. ounces mixed with the acetic acid, carefully in a water-bath to two fl. ounces and a half. Mix the two portions, add ten fl. ounces of water, evaporate to twelve fl. ounces, cool, filter, and wash the filter with water to ob- tain twelve fl. ounces of liquid ; in this dis- solve the sugar cold or with a moderate heat, add the glycerin, and strain. J. B. Moore. A tablespoonful represents fifteen grains of ipecacuanha. Dose, as an emetic for children, one to two fl. drachms ; as an ex- pectorant, five to twenty minims. R. Bruised ipecacuanha, one part. Alcohol, sp. gr. 892, five parts. Distilled water, thirty-six parts. Digest for a day, express, filter, and add Sugar, sixty-six parts. Dissolve and strain. Ph. Germ. This is about one-fifth the strength of the preceding. R. Alcoholic extract of ipecacuanha, one part. Water, eight parts. Dissolve, filter, and mix with Syrup, ninety-nine parts. Boil to the consistency of syrup. Paris Codex. Compound Syrup of Ipecacuanha. R. Ipecacuanha, one drachm. Orris root, two drachms. Red Peruvian bark, half an ounce. Seneka, Iceland moss, each, two ounces. 358 IRIS FLOEEKTIM. Sugar, two pounds. Boiling water, two pints. Digest for two hours, strain, and evaporate to one pint ; then add the sugar, and make a syrup. In spoonful doses, as an expecto- rant. ' Courtois. R. Syrup of ipecacuanha, " poppies, each, two ounces. " orange-flowers, one ounce. Oxymel of squill, one ounce and a half. Mix. Two spoonfuls every hour, in hoop- ing-cough. Cadet. Tincture of Ipecacuanha. R. Bruised ipecacuanha, one part. Alcohol, sp. gr. .892, ten parts. Digest for a week, express, and filter. Ph. Germ. R. Bruised ipecacuanha, two ounces. Spirit of nitrous ether, two pints. Digest for eight days, and filter. Used as a diaphoretic in febrile affections. Mettauer. R Wine of Ipecacuanha. Fluid extract of ipecacuanha, two fl. ounces. Sherry wine, thirty fl. ounces. Mix, and filter. U. S. Ph. R. Ipecacuanha, bruised, one ounce. Sherry wine, one pint (imper.). Macerate for seven days, press, and filter. Brit. Ph. R. Ipecacuanha, bruised, one part. Sherry wine, ten parts. Macerate for a week, express, and filter. Ph. Germ. Emetic and diaphoretic. Dose, for an adult, as emetic, one fl. ounce ; for a child, one fl. drachm. Compound "Wine of Ipecacuanha. R. Ipecacuanha, four parts. Sugar, two parts. Diluted alcohol, twenty-four parts. Digest for eight days, and add Sherry wine, ninety-six parts. Star anise, one part. Sugar, four parts. Filter at the end of six days. Niemann. Wine of Ipecacuanha and Tartar Emetic. R. Wine of ipecacuanha, one fl. ounce. Tartar emetic, one grain. Mix. A teaspoonful, every ten or fifteen minutes, till vomiting is induced. Ellis. Alkaline Wine of Ipecacuanha. R. Wine of ipecacuanha, forty minims. Tincture of opium, eight drops. Carbonate of sodium, sixteen grains. Syrup, two fl. drachms. Water, fourteen fl. drachms. Mix. A teaspoonful, to children, in hoop- ing-cough. Pierson. Elixir of Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, Balsam of tolu, each, half an ounce. Flowers of benzoin, | ^ OP' um > t drachms. Saffron, ) Oil of anise, one drachm. Camphor, two scruples. Alcohol, two pints. Digest, express, and filter. Dose, one to two drachms, as a stimulating sudorific. Cadet. IRIS FLORENTINA. Florentine Iris. Orris. The Florentine iris is a native of the southern parts of Europe, and affords a root, or rhizome, known as orris root. Sex. Syst. Triand. monog. Nat. Syst. Iri- dacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 55. Griffith, Med. Bot. 625. The rhizome is horizontal, knotty, and fragrant ; in a recent state it is acrid, and somewhat bitter ; this acrimony disappears in a great measure on desiccation. It is seldom used in medicine, but forms an in- gredient in numerous tooth-powders, etc. Dentifrice with Orris Root. R. Cream of tartar, two ounces. Powdered orris root, one ounce. " myrrh, " kino, each, half an ounce. Mix well. Redwood. IEIS YEESICOLOK — JALAPA 359 R. Powdered Castile soap, " orris root, each, two ounces. " cuttlefish bone, " prepared chalk, each, three ounces. Oil of cloves, Essence of lemon, each, twenty drops. Mix. Redwood. IRIS VERSICOLOR. Blue Flag. This is a native of the United States, where it? grows in moist and swampy loca- tions. Sex. Syst. Triand. monog. Nat. Syst. Iri- daceae. The rhizome, which is the officinal por- tion, is horizontal, jointed, of a brown color externally, grayish within ; it has a feeble but nauseating odor, and an acrid, bitterish taste. It possesses cathartic and emetic properties. Dose, twenty to thirty grains, in the form of powder. JALAPA. Jalap. Jalap is the tuber of the Exogonium purga (Ipomcea jalapa), a, native of Mexico. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Con- volvulacese. Coxe, Am. Journ. Med. Sci., 1830. Griffith, Med. Bot. 474. The root, when dried, is in pieces of va- rious forms and sizes ; usually entire, but sometimes in slices. The epidermis is thin and brown ; within it is grayish, with brown, concentric rings. The powder is of a brownish-yellow, with a peculiar, un- pleasant odor, and a sweetish, sub-acrid, nauseous taste. It is an active purgative, in doses of ten to thirty grains. Powder of Jalap and Calomel. B. Powdered jalap, ten grains. Calomel, five grains. Mix. To he given in syrup or molasses. As a purgative. Ellis. R. Powdered jalap, twelve grains. Calomel, three grains. Sulphate of potassium, seven grains. Mix. Make a powder to be taken at night ; a useful purge in diminishing the action of the liver. A. T. Thomson. Powder of Jalap and Cream of Tartar. R. Powdered jalap, one drachm. Cream of tartar, six drachms. Mix, and divide into six powders. One every three hours, as a hydragogue purga- tive. Ellis. R. Jalap, two ounces. Cream of tartar, one ounce. Sugar, thirteen ounces. Oil of orange-peel, two drachms. Mix. Dose, one to two drachms. Cadet. R. Powdered jalap, one ounce. Cream of tartar, two ounces. Mix. U.S. Ph. Dose, thirty grains to a drachm. R. Powdered jalap, five ounces. Cream of tartar, nine ounces. Powdered ginger, one ounce. Mix. Half a drachm to one drachm, as a hydragogue purgative. Brit. Ph. The last two are called compound pow- der of jalap. Powder of Jalap and Ipecacuanha. R. Jalap, fifteen grains. Ipecacuanha, five grains. Oil of cinnamon, two drops. Mix. Paris. Powder of Jalap and Scammony. R. Jalap, one drachm. Scammony, one scruple. Ipecacuanha, ten drachms. Mix, and divide into powders of eight grains. In mucous discharges. Dumas. Extract of Jalap. R. Jalap, in powder, No. 50, sixteen troyounces. Alcohol, four pints. Water, sufficient. 360 JALAPA Moisten the jalap with three fl. ounces of alcohol and obtain by the process of dis- placement, first by alcohol, then by water, four pints of tincture and six pints of in- fusion. Distil off the alcohol from the tincture, and evaporate the infusion till both are of the consistence of thin honey, mix them, and evaporate to proper consist- ence. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. exhausts the jalap by macera- tion, first with alcohol, afterwards with water, and proceeds as before. Dose, from ten to twenty grains. Resin of Jalap. R. Jalap, in powder, No. 60, sixteen troy ounces. Alcohol, Water, each, sufficient. Moisten the jalap with four fl. ounces of alcohol, pack firmly in a cylindrical perco- lator, add twelve fl. ounces of alcohol, and macerate for four days ; then displace with alcohol until the percolating tincture ceases to produce turbidity with water. Reduce by distillation to six fl. ounces, and add it, constantly stirring, to seven pints of water. Decant the liquid when clear, wash the precipitate twice with water, by decanta- tiou, press out the water, and dry the resin by a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. The process of Brit. Ph. is essentially the same ; Ph. Germ, exhausts the jalap by maceration with alcohol. Dose, two to five grains. Alkaline Extract of Jalap. R. Powdered jalap, two pounds. Alcohol (.921), one gallon. Digest for some days, strain, and filter; evaporate slowly on the water-bath to a pilular consistence, adding gradually Carbonate of potassium, twelve drachms. Dose, three to nine grains. Durand. Jalap Soap. R. Resin of jalap, Soap, each, four parts. Alcohol, sp. gr. .892, eight parts. Dissolve and evaporate in a water-bath to nine parts. Dose, five to ten grains. Ph. Germ. Jalap Pills. R. Jalap soap, throe parts. Powdered jalap, one part. Mix, and make into pills, each weighing ten centigrammes (one grain and a half). Ph. Germ. Compound Pills of Jalap. R. Jalap, } Rhubarb, > each, one ounce. Aloes, ) Soap, two ounces. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. Mix, and form mass. Dose, twenty to thirty grains. Fay. Pills of Jalap and Calomel. R. Resin of jalap, ~) , Calomel, P 't ea ° h , ° ne Soap, \ drachm - Oil of orange-peel, six drops. Mix, and make sixty pills. Alibert. R. Jalap, Calomel, each, twelve parts. Extract of aloes, eight parts. Colocynth pulp, five parts. Resin of jalap, two parts. Mix, and divide each troyounce of the mass into three hundred pills. This is one of the many formulas for the German or Kaiser pills. Hager. Electuary of Jalap. R. Powdered jalap, Black sulphuret of mercury, each, two drachms. Scammony, one drachm. Resin of jalap, Squill, each, one drachm and a half. Syrup of buckthorn, sufficient. Mix. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, in dropsy or lead colic. Cadet. each, half an ounce. R. Powdered jalap, Cream of tartar, Nitre, Confection of senna, one ounce. Simple syrup, sufficient. Mix. A bolus the size of a hazel-nut, three or four times a day, in hemorrhoids. Ellis. Emulsion of Jalap. R. Resin of jalap, seven and a half grains. White sugar, one ounce. Yolk of egg, half a one. JUGLANS CINEREA. JUNIPEEUS, 361 Water, four fl. ounces. Orange-flower water, two fl. ounces. Triturate the resin with a portion of the sugar, then with the yolk, and finally with the other ingredients. Paris Codex. R. Resin of jalap, nine grains. Soap, three grains. Olive oil, one ounce and a half. Triturate well. Said to be useful in dys- entery. A tablespoonful, occasionally. Vogel. Mixture of Jalap. R. Infusion of senna, six fl. ounces. Extract of jalap, half a drachm. Tartrate of potassium, four drachms. Oleoresin of ginger, twenty minims. Mix. Beasley. Tincture of Jalap. R. Jalap, in powder, six troyounces. No. 60, Alcohol, Water, each, sufficient. Obtain by percolation two pints of tinc- ture, using a mixture of two measures of alcohol with one of water. U. S. Ph. The tincture of Brit. Ph. is of about the same strength, two and a half ounces of jalap and alcohol, sp. gr. .920, being used to obtain one imperial pint of tinc- ture. Seldom given alone, but added to ca- thartic mixtures, in portions of one to two fl. drachms. Tincture of Jalap Resin. R. Resin of jalap, one part. ten parts. Alcohol, Dissolve. Ph. Germ. Compound Tincture of Jalap. R. Jalap, eight ounces. Scammony, two ounces. Turpeth, one ounce. Brandy, twelve pints. Digest for twelve hours, on a water-bath, filter, and add Syrup of senna, four pounds. Mix. Giordano. Mixture of Tincture of Jalap. R. Tincture of jalap, two fl. drachms. Vinegar of squill, one fl. drachm. Mint water, one fl. ounce. Mix. To be taken three times a day. Ellis. JUGLANS CINEREA. Butternut. The Butternut, or White Walnut, is an indigenous tree, with numerous, nearly horizontal, branches, found in many places in the United States. Sex. /Syst. Monoec. polyand. Nat. Syst. Jug- landacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 1415. Griffith, Med. Bot. 589. The part used is the inner bark, especially of the root ; this is fibrous, has little odor, but a bitter, somewhat acrid taste. It is, at first, white, but gradually changes to a dark brown. It is a mild cathartic, and is well suited to cases of costiveness and bowel affections. It is usually given in extract. In Europe the leaves and the rind of the green fruit of J. regia are employed as altera- tives and A'ermifuges. Extract of Butternut. R. Butternut, in powder, No. 40, twelve tro3>-ounces. Water, sufficient. Mix the butternut with four fl. ounces of water, pack into a percolator, and exhaust. Boil the liquid to three-fourths of its bulk, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. Dose, from five to ten grains, as a laxa- tive ; from twenty to thirty, as a purga- tive. JUNIPERUS. Juniper. The common Juniper, J. communis, is an erect, evergreen shrub, sometimes attaining a large size, found in Europe and Northern Asia and America. The tops and the berries are officinal. Sex. Syst. Dicec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. "Pin e\ ppkp Linn. Sp. PI. 1470. Griffith, Med. Bot. 608. The berries are oblong globular, marked with three radiating furrows at top, and con- tain three seeds. They are of a purplish- black color, have a sweetish, somewhat terebintbinate taste, and a peculiar, aromatic odor. They are used as stimulating diuret- ics, especially as adjuvants to more active remedies. The tops have a balsamic odor, and a resinous, bitterish taste, with the same medicinal properties as the berries. 3G2 JUXIPERUS, Extract of Juniper. R. Bruised juniper berries, one part. Hot water, four parts. Macerate until cold, express gently, let subside, strain, and evaporate to the con- sistence of a thin extract. Dose, one to three drachms. Ph. Germ. Infusion of Juniper. R. Juniper berries, bruised, one troyounce. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for an hour, and strain. To be taken during the twenty-four hours. U. S. Ph. Compound Infusion of Juniper. (Cider Mixture.) R. Juniper berries, bruised,} each, Mustard seed, V- half an Ginger, ) ounce. Horseradish, bruised, Parsley root, bruised, each, one ounce. Cider, two pints. Infuse, and strain. A wineglassful, two or three times a day, in general dropsy. Parrish. R. Juniper berries, bruised, one ounce and a half. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse in a close vessel for two hours, strain, and add Cream of tartar, one ounce. Mix. A teacupful, several times a day, with forty drops of sweet spirit of nitre. In dropsy. Ellis. R. Juniper berries, bruised, two ounces and a half. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for two hours, and strain ; add Compound spirit of juniper, ten fl. drachms. Dose, two fl. ounces, three times a day. Beasley. R. Juniper berries, bruised, four ounces. Boiling water, twelve fl. ounces. Holland gin, four fl. ounces. Mix, and macerate for twelve hours ; then throw on a col Ion cloth, and express. Then let sufficient water be added to the dregs, and pressed out to make a pint. The ad- vantages of this preparation are greater strength and permanency. W. Procter, Jr. Electuary of Juniper. R. Extract of juniper, Clarified honey, each, one pound. Juniper berries, } , Cinnamon, y a , \„ r. ' t ( half an ounce. Orange-peel, ) Mix. Stomachic and diuretic. Dose, one to four drachms. Saxon Ph. Mixture •with Oil of Juniper. R. Oil of juniper, half a drachm. Spirit of nitrous ether, Tincture of foxglove, each. three drachms. Mix. Twenty to thirty drops every three hours. Hufeland. R. Oil of juniper, twenty -five drops. Sugar, Gum Arabic, each, two drachms. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or two, as a diuretic. Ellis. Spirit of Juniper. R. Oil of juniper, one fl. ounce. Stronger alcohol, three pints. Dissolve. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. directs alcohol of .920 sp. gr. and the proportions 1 : 49. R. Bruised juniper berries, one part. Alcohol, Water, each, three parts. Macerate for a day, and distil four parts. Ph. Germ. Compound Spirit of Juniper. R. Juniper berries, bruised, one pound. Caraway, bruised, Fennel, bruised, each, one ounce and a half. Diluted alcohol, one gallon. Water, two pints. Macerate in the alcohol for twenty-four hours, add the water, and, with a slow fire, distil one gallon. U. S. Ph. 1840. R. Oil of juniper, one fl. drachm and a half. " caraway, " fennel, each, ten minims. Alcohol, five pints. Water, three pints. Dissolve the oils in the alcohol, and mix with the water. U. S. Ph. JUNIPEEUS OXYCEDRUS KINO 363 Dose, two to four fl. drachms, as an addi- tion to diuretic mixtures, etc., in debilitated cases of dropsy. Liniment of Juniper. R. Oil of juniper, one ounce and a half. Oil of anise, six drops. Lard, two ounces. Mix well ; as an application in tinea ca- pitis. Sully. R. Spirit of juniper, two ounces. Oil of cloves, Concrete oil of nutmeg, each, half a drachm. Mix. As a friction in ecchymosis, and in- dolent tumors. Augustin. JUNIPERUS OXYCEDRUS. Cade Juniper. The cade juniper is a shrub growing in southern Europe and Asia. The wood, which is resinous and of an agreeable, some- what terebinthinate odor, is used for obtain- ing the empyreumatic oil, known as oil of cade, which is made principally in the south of France, and has a brownish-black color, and a disagreeable tar-like odor. Sex. Syst. Dioec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Pinaceae. Oil of cade is employed in medicine ex- ternally, for the cure of cutaneous diseases. Tincture of Oil of Cade and Soft Soap. R. Oil of cade, Soft soap, Alcohol, Oil of lavender, Dissolve. each, one ounce. one fl. drachm. Till. Fox. JUNIPERUS YIRGINIANA. Red Cedar. The tops of the red cedar are officinal. This is an evergreen tree, sometimes attain- ing a great size, with small, fleshy, closely imbricated leaves. It is found in all parts of the United States, but is most abundant and vigorous in the South. Sex,. Syst. Dicec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Linn. *Sp. PI. 1471. Griffith, Med. Bot. 609. The leaves or tops have a peculiar and somewhat aromatic odor, a bitterish and somewhat acrid taste. They have much the same properties as those of savine, but are not as active, though often used as a substitute for them. Cerate of Red Cedar. R. Powdered red cedar leaves, Resin cerate, Mix the powder with the cerate previously softened. Used as a substitute for savine cerate, but is much less effectual. Wood. one ounce. six ounces. K KINO. Kino. This is an extract obtained from several different plants, but that most used and esteemed is the product of Pterocarpus mar- supium, a large tree, indigenous to some parts of India. It is usually in small, angular fragments, of a dark, brownish-black color, opaque and shining; of a brittle and friable consistence, an astringent and slightly bitter taste ; ad- hering to the teeth when chewed, and tin- ging the saliva of a red color. It is a pow- erful astringent, and much used in the treat- ment of mucous discharges, etc., and as a local application in gonorrhoea, to indolent ulcers, relaxed uvula, etc. The dose in powder is from ten to thirty grains. Compound Powder of Kino. R. Powdered kino, fifteen parts. " opium, one part. " cinnamon, four parts. Brit. Ph. Mix thoroughly. Dose, five to twenty grains. As an anodyne astringent, in diarrhoea and hemorrhage of the bowels. R. Powdered kino, Sugar of milk, each, one scruple. Mix. To be taken every three or four hours, in cardialgia. Radius. 364 KEAMERIA Compound Pills of Kino. R. Powdered kino, one scruple. " opium, two grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix, aud make four pills. One, every four hours, iu diarrhoea, pyrosis, etc. Ellis. R. Powdered kino, two scruples. " camphor, thirty grains. Aromatic powder, one scruple. Oxide of zinc, ten grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix, and make twenty pills. Two, morn- ing and evening, in diabetes. Augustin. Electuary of Kino. R. Powdered kino, six drachms. " alum, " cinnamon, each, two drachms. Syrup, sufficient. Mix into an electuary. One drachm, two or three times a day, in diarrhoea, chronic dysentery, etc. Swediaur. Infusion of Kino. R. Kino, two drachms. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. Infuse, and strain when cool. Dose, a fl. ounce. Wood. Injection of Kino. R. Kino, one to two drachms. Alum, twenty to thirty grains. Boiling water, two pints. Infuse for an hour, and strain. As an in- jection in chronic urethritis. Swediaur. Syrup of Kino. R. Kino, Tepid water, Dissolve, and add Sugar, four pounds. Clarify, and evaporate to consistence of syrup. two ounces, three pints. Taddei. Tincture of Kino. R. Powdered kino, one part. Alcohol, five parts. Macerate for a week, and filter. Ph. Germ. R. Powdered kino, two ounces. Rectified spirit, one pint (imp.). Macerate for seven days, and filter. Brit. Ph. R. Powdered kino, six drachms. Mix the kino with an equal bulk of sand, introduce into a percolator, and with a mixture of two measures of alcohol with one of water, obtain eight fl. ounces of tinc- ture. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. drachms, generally as an adjuvant to astringent mixtures. KRAMERIA. Rhatany. The roots of several species of Krameria are possessed of analogous properties, but the only oue that is officinal is that of K. triandra, a small shrub found in Peru, in dry, sandy places. The stem is procumbent, and much branched, with sessile, hairy leaves, and dark red flowers. The root is long and branching. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Poly- galacese. Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Per. i. 93. Griffith, Med. Bot. 227. ' The dried root is of a dark, reddish-brown color, with no odor, but a bitter and astrin- gent taste. The small roots are the most powerful. It is somewhat tonic, and power- fully astringent. It is used for most pur- poses to which the vegetable astringents are applied. The dose in powder is from twenty to thirty grains. Compound Powder of Rhatany. R. Extract of rhatany, Catechu, each, ten grains. Alum, four grains. Powdered liquorice, ten grains. Mix. *To be taken three or four times a day, in diarrhoea, etc. Vogt. Dentifrice of Rhatany. R. Extract of rhatany, one to two drachms. Myrrh, one drachm. Powdered orris, six drachms. Oil of cinnamon, two drops. " myrrh, ten drops. Balsam of Peru, ten grains. Mix well. Phoebus. Extract of Rhatany. Prepared like extract of gentian, by percolation with cold water. U. S. Ph., Brit. Ph., Ph.Germ. Dose, ten to twenty grains. KEAMERIA. 365 Fluid Extract of Rhatany. R. Rhatany, in powder, No. 60, sixteen troyounces. Glycerin, three fl. ounces. Water, five fl. ounces. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of the mixed liquids, pack firmly in a glass percolator, add the remainder of the liquid, and macerate for four days. Then, with diluted alcohol, percolate twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, add to the remainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate to two fl. ounces, and mix with the reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Pills of Rhatany. R. Extract of rhatany, one scruple. Powdered kino, sufficient. Mix, and make eight pills. One, every hour or two, to check mucous discharges. Ellis. R. Extract of rhatany, one drachm. " rhubarb, two scruples. Ginger, one scruple. Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Reece. Electuary of Rhatany. R. Powdered rhatan3 r , one ounce. ginger, one drachm. Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. Mix. A teasnoonful every two or three hours. Ferrara Ph. Infusion of Rhatany. R. Krameria, in powder, one troyounce. No. 40, Water sufficient. Obtain by percolation one pint. U. S. Ph. R. Bruised rhatany, half an ounce. Boiling water, ten fl. ounces. Infuse for four hours, and strain. Brit. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Collutory of Rhatany. R. Extract of rhatanjr, half a drachm. Mucilage of quince seed, two drachms and a half. Sage water, one ounce end a half. Mix. As a mouth-wash in aphthae, etc. Radius. Clyster of Rhatany. R. Extract of rhatany, one scruple. Mucilage of quince seed, three drachms. Iufusion of sage, one fl. ounce and a half. Mix. To check diarrhoea, etc. Amman. Injection of Rhatany. R. Extract of rhatany, half an ounce. Tincture of catechu, " kino, each, one drachm and a half. To be added to a decoction of Rhatany, ten drachms, Water, three pints, reduced to two-thirds, and strained. As an injection in leucorrhcea, and prolapsus of the uterus. Cadet. Mixture of Rhatany. R. Extract of rhatany, one part. Water, twenty parts. Syrup of quinces, ten parts. Dissolve and mix. Paris Codex. R. Extract of rhatany, one drachm. Syrup of poppies, Rose water, each, two fl. ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in passive hemorrhage and chronic dysentery. Fouquieur. R. Extract of rhatany, one drachm. Chamomile water, Elixir of vitriol, Mix. As the last. six fl. ounces, half a drachm. Hildebrand. Syrup of Rhatany. R. Rhatany, in powder, No. 50, sixteen troyounces. Sugar, thirty troyounces. Water, sufficient. Mix the rhatany with half a pint of water, macerate for two hours, and obtain by per- colation four pints of infusion ; evaporate in a water-bath to seventeen fl. ounces, dis- solve the sugar, and strain. Or, R. Fluid extract of rhatany, twelve fl. ounces. Syrup, twenty-four fl. ounces. Mix. U.S. Ph. Forty parts of syrup contain one part of extract of rhatany. ' Paris Codex. 366 LAC. Tincture of Rhatany. R. Powdered rhatany, sixtroyounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by displacement two pints. The tinctures of Ph. Germ, and Paris Codex are nearly of same strength. two and a half ounces. Proof spirit, sp. gr. .920, sufficient. Obtain by maceration and percolation, one imperial pint. Brit. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. R. Powdered rhatany, Compound Ointment of Rhatany. R. Burgundy pitch, Venice turpentine, White wax, Extract of rhatany, Alum, eight parts, two parts. one part, two parts. one part. Melt the first three ingredients over a gentle fire, and add the rhatany and alum, in fine powder, and incorporate well. Useful where an astringent application is indicated. . LAC. Milk. The milk of several animals has been used medicinally, but that generally employed is from the cow. It is mostly employed in the form of whey, and of sugar of milk. Simple Whey. R. Milk, two hundred parts. Prepared rennet, one part. Heat together to 120° till a uniform curd is formed, and strain. A good diluent in febrile affections ; when boiled down to one- half ii is nutritive. Ph. Germ. Clarified Whey. R. Milk, one litre. Boil, and add sufficient tartaric acid, dis- solved in eight parts of water, to coagu- late ; strain with expression, mix the whey with one-half of the white of an egg, pre- viously beaten with a little cold water, heat again to boiling, strain, and pass through a moistened filter. Paris Codex. Vinegar Whey. R. Milk, one pint. Vinegar, half fl. ounce. Boil a few minutes, and separate the curd. Ellis. R Tamarind Whey. Boiling milk, one hundred parts. Tamarinds, four parts. Boil till coagulation is effected, and strain. Ph. Germ. Cream of Tartar Whey. R. Boiling milk, one hundred parts. Cream of tartar, one part. Boil until the curd separates, and strain. Ph. Germ. R Alum Whey. Boiling milk, one hundred parts. Alum, one part. Proceed as above. A glassful occasionally, in passive hemorrhages. Ph. Germ. R Aromatic Alum Whey. Powdered alum, one drachm. Sugar of milk, half a drachm. Powdered cinnamon, fifteen grains. Milk, two pints. Boil, and strain when coagulated. In passive uterine hemorrhages. To be taken during the day. Niemann. Mustard Whey. R. Bruised mustard seed, half an ounce. Milk, one pint. Boil till the milk is coagulated, and strain. A cupful, as a diuretic, in dropsical affec- tions. A. T. Thomson. Wine Whey. R. Boiling milk, half a pint. White wine, one to two fl. ounces. Sugar, sufficient. Boil for ten minutes, constantly stirring, LACCA. 3G7 then strain. A good mode of giving wine as a stimulant. Dose must depend on cir- cumstances. Ellis. Powder of Milk. R. Milk, two pints. Powdered carbonate of sodium, half a drachm. Water, one fl. ounce. Sugar, one pound. Dissolve the soda in the water, add the solution to the milk, gently heat, and stir. "When evaporated to one-third, add the sugar gradually, and stir. Remove from fire, pour into plates, and dry in an oven. When dry, powder, and keep in well- stopped bottles. One to two ounces, mixed with a quart of water, forms an agreeable driuk, and is a good substitute for milk. Legrip. Artificial Goats' Milk. R. Fresh suet, one ounce. Cut in small pieces, and tie in a muslin bag, and boil in two pints. two drachms. Milk, Sugar candy, A good diet in scrofulous emaciation, and in latter stages of phthisis. A. T. Thomson. Mixture of Milk and Suet. R. Sheep's suet, two ounces. Milk, one pint. Starch, half an ounce. Boil slowly for half an hour. As a drink, in dysentery and cholera infantum. Ellis. Milk and Soda Water. R. Milk, a teacupful. Heat nearly to boiling, and add Sugar, a teaspoonful. Put in a large tumbler, and add Soda water, sufficient. A good mode of taking milk when there is much acidity of stomach. A. T. Thomson. Syrup of Milk. R. Skimmed milk, twelve pounds. Evaporate to one-half, and add Sugar, nine pounds. Cherry-laurel water, three ounces. Guibourt. China Cement. R. Curd of milk, dried and powdered, ten ounces. Quicklime, powdered, one ounce. Camphor, two drachms. Mix, and keep in closely-stopped bottles. When used, a portion is to be mixed with a little water into a paste, to be applied quickly. Used to cement broken glass, china, etc. Cooley. LACCA. Lac Is a resinous substance obtained from several kinds of East Indian plants, but particularly from tbe Croton lacciferum. Many varieties are known in commerce, but tbe principal are seed, sbell, and stick lac, of whicb tbe purest is tbe sbell. This is in tbin fragments of various sbades of yellow, or reddish color ; brittle, inodorous, and insipid. It is somewhat astringent, and was formerly used in medicine, but is now mainly employed in tbe arts, for the manu- facture of varnishes, sealing wax, etc. White or Bleached Lac. R. Shell lac, at will. Boil in solution of potassa, pass chlorine gas through the solution, and malaxate in hot water. Redwood. Aqueous Solution of Lac. R. Shell lac, five ounces. Borax, one ounce. Water, one pint. Boil together, and strain. Used as a var- nish, or a vehicle for colors. Mixed with lampblack, it forms an ink that will resist the action of acids. Cooley. Cement of Shell Lac. R. Shell lac, at will. Alcohol, sufficient to make a solution of the consistence of molasses. Exceedingly tenacious. Cooley. Red Sealing "Wax. R. Shell lac, two pounds. Venice turpentine, one pound. Yermilion, or best dichromate of lead, one pound and a half. Melt the lac and turpentine together, and stir in the vermilion. Gray. The other colored waxes are made in the same manner, using the appropriate pig- ment. 368 LACTUCA CANADENSIS. — LACTUCA LACTUCA CANADENSIS. Wild Lettuce. L. canadensis or elongata is an indigenous, herbaceous perennial, from three to six feet high, with pale yellow flowers, growing in woods and fertile soils. Sex. Syst. Syngen. sequal. Nat. Syst. Asfprn ppsp Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 1525. Big. Seq. 241. The milk juice dried has the properties of the European lactucariuin, and may he given in the same doses ; see Proceed. Amer. Ph. Assoc. 1868, 405. LACTUCA. Lettuce. This well-known plant is commonly culti- vated for the table as a salad. It is erect and leafy, the leaves being ovate, semi- ampiexicaul, and entire or toothed ; the whole abounding in a bitter, milky juice. It is anodyne and sedative, but is seldom used in this country except in the form of the extract, or lactucariuin ; but is employed to fulfil many indications in Europe. Mixture of Lettuce and Dandelion. R. Fresh leaves of lettuce,"} each, " root of dandelion, >■ three " " chicory, ) ounces. Beat the whole into a pulp, adding, grad- ually, Peppermint water, three fl. ounces. Express, and filter. To be taken, during the day, in hypochondriasis with insomnia. Vogt. Extract of Lettuce. (Thridace.) R. Fresh bark of the stalks of lettuce, at will. Bruise, express the juice, clarify it, strain, and evaporate in a water-bath to a firm extract. Paris Codex. R. Flowering herb of lettuce, at will. Bruise, express the juice, heat gradually to 130° to separate chlorophyll; heat the strained liquor to 200°, and filter from co- agulated albumen; evaporate the filtrate on a water-bath to a syrupy consistence, add the chlorophyll, previously separated, and evaporate at 140° to a pilular consist- ence. Dose, five to fifteen grains. Brit. Ph. /'It. Germ, removes chlorophyll and al- bumen by heal and gummy principles by adding alcohol to the concentrated juice. Syrup of Thridace. R. Thridace, one part. Water, eight parts. Add to the filtered solution Syrup, forty-nine parts. Boil down to sp. gr. 1.26. Paris Codex. Lactucarium. R. Collect the milky juice that flows from incisions made in the stalks of lettuce, and allow it to harden. Dose, five to eight grains. Pills of Lactucarium. R. Lactucarium, twelve grains. Make six pills ; one every two hours, till sleep is procured. Ellis. R. Lactucarium, twelve grains. Conserve of elder berries, Extract of liquorice, each, sufficient. Mix, and make four pills. One, every three hours, in obstinate coughs, without expectoration. Brera. Mixture of Lactucarium. R. Lactucarium, thirty grains. Decoction of Iceland moss, two ounces. Mucilage, half an ounce. Syrup, one ounce. Mix. Two spoonfuls every two hours, in spasmodic cough, insomnia, hysteria, etc. Brera. Syrup of Lactucarium. R. Lactucarium, one troyounce. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Syrup, fourteen fl. ounces. Rub lactucarium with enough diluted alco- hol to a syrupy consistence ; put into a conical percolator, cover the surface with muslin, and obtain with diluted alcohol half a pint of tincture ; evaporate at or below 160° to two fl. ounces, mix with the heated syrup, and strain while hot. U. S. Ph. Dose, one or two teaspoonfuls. Alkaline Syrup of Lactucarium. R. Powdered lactucarium, sixty- four grains. Carbonate of potassium, thirty- two grains. LAPPA. 369 Sugar, four ounces. Water, sufficient. Grind the lactucarium with the carbonate of potassium, till well mixed; add enough water to moisten completely ; stand aside for twelve hours, and then slowly obtain two fl. ounces by percolation ; add the sugar, and dissolve with a gentle heat. Each fl. drachm contains two grains of lactucarium. T. S. Wiegand. Syrup of Lactucarium and Opium. R. Alcoholic extract of lactucarium, eighteen grains. Extract of opium, Citric acid, each, nine grains. Orange-flower water, one troy ounce. Sugar, fifty troyounces Water, sufficient. Exhaust the extract of lactucarium with hot water, cool, filter, dissolve the sugar, add the citric acid, clarify with white of egg, evaporate, and add the solution of ex- tract of opium in the orange-flower water. The boiling syrup should have the sp. gr. 1.26, and each tablespoouful should repre- sent one centigramme of extract of lactu- carium ; the finished syrup must therefore measure nearly thirty-nine fl. ounces. Parts Codex. Tincture of Lactucarium. R. Powdered lactucarium, four ounces. Proof spirit, two pints. Act by displacement or digestion. Ed. Ph. Dose thirty minims to two fl. drachms. Lozenges of Lactucarium. R. Powdered lactucarium, two drachms. " sugar, six ounces. " gum Arabic, " liquorice, each, five ounces. Tincture of tolu, half an ounce. Mix, and make lozenges of ten grains. Ed. Ph. As expectorant, in catarrhal affections. Powder of Extract of Lettuce. R. Extract of lettuce, two grains. Powdered foxglove, half a grain. " sugar, twelve grains. Mix. To be taken every three hours, in hydrothorax. Eufeland. I 24 Mixture of Extract of Lettuce. R. Extract of lettuce, two scruples. Tincture of foxglove, half an ounce. Cinnamon water, one drachm and a half. Mix. Thirty drops to one fl. drachm, every two hours. Radius. Aromatic Tincture of Lettuce. R. Leaves of lettuce, one ounce. Cinnamon, one drachm. Alcohol, Water, each, four fl. ounces. Mix. Macerate for a week, express, and filter. Fifteen to thirty drops, in dropsy. Niemann. "Water of Lettuce. R. Fresh lettuce, ten parts. Water, twenty parts. Distil off ten parts. Paris Codex. Dose, half a fl. ounce to two fl. ounces. Syrup of Lettuce. R. Water of lettuce, ten parts. Sugar, twenty parts. Make syrup. Paris Codex. Mixture of "Water of Lettuce. R. Water of lettuce, " linden, each, two fl. ounces. orange flowers, two fl. drachms. Syrup of poppies, one fl. ounce. Mix. A spoonful every two hours. Foy. LAPPA. Burdock. One species of this genus is officinal in our Pharmacopoeia, the Lappa minor (Arc- tium Lappa). Sex.Syst. Syngen. sequal. JWat.Syst. Aster- acese. Linn. Sp. PL 1143. Griffith, Med. Bot. 411. (Lappa.) This is a native of Europe, but generally naturalized in the United States. The parts used are the root and fruit. They are dia- phoretic and diuretic, especially the latter. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm. Infusion of Burdock. R. Burdock root, one ounce. Boiling water, two pints. 370 LAUEUS. — LAURO-CERASU8. Infuse for six hours, and strain. Cottereau. Used as a diaphoretic in rheumatic pains, etc. Decoction of Burdock. R. Burdock root, two ounces. Water, three pints. Boil down to two pints, and strain. Wood. Dose, a wineglassful. L ATJRTJS. Laurel. Bay Tree. The berries (Lauri baccoz) and leaves (Lauri folia) of the Laurus nobilis, or bay- tree, are used in medicine. This laurel is a small evergreen tree indigenous to the countries bordering on the Mediterranean. Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. Linn. Sp. PL 529. Griffith, Med. Bot. 550. The leaves are fragrant, and have an aro- matic, bitterish taste. The berries are small, oval, of a deep blue, when fresh, of a brown- ish-black, when dried, aromatic, and with an acrid, bitterish taste ; they contain a con- crete, greenish oil. Neither the leaves, nor berries, nor their products, are now much used in medicine ; they are stimulant and narcotic. Oil of Laurel. R. Fresh laurel berries, at will. Crush, warm the pulp for a few moments by a gentle heat, and subject to pressure. Guibourt. Used as a friction, in swelling and pain in the joints, colic, etc. Laurel Ointment. R. Suet, eight ounces. Melt, and add Laurel oil, one pound. Essence of turpentine, one ounce and a half. Port. Ph. R. Fresh laurel leaves, Laurel berries, each, one part. Lard, two parts. Digest until moisture has evaporated, let settle, decant, and stir while cooling. Paris Codex. Tli en; are a variety of formulas for this ointment, which is much used under the name of Nervine ointment, or balsam. LAURO-CERASTJS. Cherry-Laurel. This is the officinal appellation of the leaves of the Prunus lauro-cerasus, a small evergreen tree, a native of Asia Minor, but cultivated in the temperate parts of Europe, both for ornament and for medicinal pur- poses. Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Dru- pacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 678. Griffith, Med. Bot. 289. The leaves are ovate-oblong, smooth, and shining, with scarcely any smell when entire, but, when bruised, giving out a strong, bitter- almond odor ; they have an astringent, bitter taste, with a flavor like the peach kernel. They become scentless by desiccation. They possess properties analogous to those of hy- drocyanic acid, and some of the prepara- tions from them are used for similar pur- poses. From the plant not being cultivated in this country, these preparations are not in use. Cherry-Laurel Water. R. Fresh leaves of cherry- laurel, one pound. Water, two pints and a half. Chop the leaves, mix them with the water, and distil off one pint (imp.) ; agitate this well, and filter. Brit. Ph. A sedative narcotic, similar to diluted hydrocyanic acid, but of uncertain strength. Dose, thirty minims to a fl. drachm. R. Fresh cherry-laurel leaves, twelve parts. Cut, bruise, and macerate with Water, thirty-six parts. Alcohol, one part. Distil ten parts, or sufficient that one thou- sand grains of the distillate shall contain one grain of anhydrous hydrocyanic acid. Ph. Germ. Paris Codex directs one-half this strength. R. Essential oil of cherry- laurel, half a drachm. Diluted hydrocyanic acid, six drachms. Distilled water, twelve fl. ounces. Rub together, and filter. Hcenle. Infusion of Cherry-Laurel. R. Fresh leaves of cherry- laurel, four ounces. Cold water, two pints. Infuse, strain, and add Clarified honey, four ounces. Used as a lotion in cancer of the lips, and in malignant ulcers. Cadet. LAVANDULA 371 Ointment of Cherry-Laurel. R. Essential oil of cherry- laurel, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. Mix. As an application to alleviate pain of cancers. Soubeiran. Cherry-Laurel Water Lotion. R. Distilled cherry-laurel water, four ounces. Sulphuric ether, one ounce. Extract of belladonna, two drachms. Mix. Said to be very beneficial as a lotion in cases of neuralgia. Roux. Mixture of Cherry-Laurel Water. R. Cherry -laurel water, sixty drops. Peppermint water, two fl. ounces. Infusion of quassia, four fl. ounces. Mix. In dysentery, etc., in doses of a tablespoon ful, three times a day. Augustin. Cerate of Cherry-Laurel. R. Cherry -laurel water, twelve parts. Oil of almonds, sixteen parts. White wax, four parts. Melt the oil and wax together, and mix the cherry-laurel water, stirring well. As an application to burns. Roux. LAVANDULA. Lavender. Several species of Lavandula are used in medicine, but the only one recognized by the U. S. Ph. is the Lavandula vera. This is a small shrub, a native of the south of Europe, and commonly cultivated in our gardens ; it has opposite, sessile, narrow leaves, and spikes of small, blue flowers. Sex. Syst. Didyn. gymnos. Nat. Syst. La- miacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 800. Griffith, Med. Bot. 501. The part used is the flowers ; these have a strong, fragrant odor, and an aromatic, warm, bitterish taste. Lavender is an aro- matic stimulant, and much used in nervous debility, but is mostly employed as a per- fume. Compound Powder of Lavender. R. Lavender, Benzoin, i each, Cloves, [ one ounce. Sal ammoniac, Petals of red roses, four ounces. Pomegranate flowers,} each, Chamomile flowers, > two Pot marigold flowers, ) ounces. Peppermint flowers, six drachms. Myrrh, four drachms. Cologne water, two drachms. Solution of ammonia, eighteen drops. Oil of cinnamon, six drops. Mix well. To perfume rooms and drawers. Guibourt. Spirit of Lavender. R. Oil of lavender, a fl. ounce. Stronger alcohol, three pints. Dissolve. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. uses nearly the same propor- tions (1 : 49), but directs proof spirit, sp. gr. .920. R. Fresh lavender, one part. Alcohol, Water, each, three parts. Mix, and after twenty-four hours distil four parts. Ph. Germ. Lavender Water. R. Oil of lavender, one fl. ounce. Diluted alcohol, fifteen fl. ounces. Mix. Gray. R. Alcohol, five gallons. Oil of lavender, twenty ounces. " bergamot, five ounces. Essence of ambergris, half an ounce. Mix. Brande. R. Oil of lavender, four fl. ounces. Essence of musk, two fl. ounces. Oil of bergamot, ten fl. drachms and a half. Oil of cloves, five drachms. roses, one drachm. half a drachm. half a drachm. ten pints. two pints. Mix. Gray. These are used for perfumes. origanum, " rosemary, Alcohol, Water, R. Flowering tops of lavender, Water, Distil four pounds by steam. Paris Codex. two pounds, sufficient. 372 LEPTANDEA.-LIMON. Compound Spirit of Lavender. (Compound Tincture of Lavender.) R. Oil of lavender, one and a half fl. drachms. Oil of rosemary, ten minims. Bruised cinnamon, " nutmeg, each, one hundred and fifty grains. . Rasped red saunders, three hundred grains. Alcohol, sp. gr. .920, sufficient. Macerate the coarse powders for seven days in two imperial pints of the alcohol ; then express, strain, dissolve the oils, filter, and add alcohol to make two pints. Brit. Ph. R. Oil of lavender, a fl. ounce. Oil of rosemary, two fl. drachms. Cinnamon, in powder, No. 50, two troyounces. Cloves, in powder, No. 50, half a troy ounce. Nutmeg, in powder, No. 50, one troy ounce. Red saunders, in powder, No. 50, three hundred and sixty grains. Alcohol, six pints. Water, two pints. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Dissolve the oils in the alcohol and add the water. Mix the powders, displace with the alcoholic solution and afterwards with di- luted alcohol until eight pints have been obtained. U. S. Ph. As a stimulant and carminative, in doses of thirty drops to a fl. drachm. Ointment of Lavender. B. Oil of lavender,") " nutmeg, v equal parts. Butter of cacao, ) Mix. To increase the growth of hair. Ethereal Tincture of Lavender. B. Oil of lavender, one part. Ether, seven parts. Mix. Dose, five to ten drops. B6ral. Compound Essence of Lavender. B. Oil of lavender, forty -eight drops. " cloves, thirty-two drops. " orange-peel, sixteen drops. u bergamot, eight drops. Sweet spirit of nitre, eight drops. Oil of yellow sandal wood, ") each, " neroli, V two " roses, ) drops. u cinnamon, one drop. Diluted alcohol, one ounce. Dissolve, and add Honey water, eight ounces. Essence of ambergris and musk, one ounce. Mix. As a perfume. Redwood. LEPTANDRA. Culver's Root. — Culver's Physic. L. virginica (Veronica virginica, Lin.) is indigenous to this country, where it grows in low grounds on the borders of woods, etc. Sex. Syst. Diaud. monog. Nat. Syst. Scro- phulariacese. The part employed is the subterraneous portion, which is a woody rhizome, with numerous rootlets attached ; they are ex- ternally of a black color, internally whitish, inodorous, of a somewhat nauseous, bitter, and acrid taste. Leptandra is an active cathartic, and in larger doses emetic ; it ap- pears to likewise possess cholagogue prop- erties. The dose of the powder is twenty to thirty grains. Under the incorrect name of leptandrin, the impure resin is used in the dose of about two to four grains. LIMON. Lemon. The Lemon is the fruit of the Citrus limonum, a native of Asia, but now gene- rally cultivated in all warm climates. Sex. Syst. Polydelph. icosand. Nat. Syst. Aurantiacese. Risso, Ann. Mus. xx. 201. Griffith, Med. Bot. 168. The parts used in medicine are the juice and the outer rind ; the latter has a fragrant odor, and an aromatic, bitter taste ; the juice, as is well known, is very acid, with a peculiar, grateful, and refreshing taste. Spirit (Essence) of Lemon. R. Oil of lemon, two fl. ounces. Stronger alcohol, two pints. Lemon-peel, freshly grated, a troy ounce. Mix. Macerate for twenty-four hours, and filter; used for flavoring mixtures, and for pastry. U. S. Ph. R. Thin outer rinds of lemons, at will. Alcohol, sufficient. Put the rinds in a bottle, add sufiicient al- LIMON. 373 eohol to cover, and macerate two days. Filter. For pastry the flavor of this preparation is more delicate than if made from the oil usually found in the shops. Francis. Tincture of Lemon-Peel. R. Fresh lemon-peel, two ounces and a half. Proof spirit, one pint (imp.). Macerate for seven days, express, and filter. Brit. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Distilled Spirit of Lemon. R. Fresh lemon-peel, one part. Alcohol, 80 per cent., six parts. Macerate for two days, add sufficient water, and distil, by means of a water-bath, all the alcohol. Paris Codex. Lozenges of Oil of Lemon. R. Oil of lemon, one drachm. Sugar, twelve ounces. Lemon water, sufficient. Boil one-third of the sugar with the lemon water, to the consistence of honey, by a gentle heat, add the rest of the sugar and the oil, and form lozenges. Cottereau. Lozenges of Lemon Juice. R. Lemon juice, two ounces and a half. Sugar, sixteen ounces. Essence of lemon, one scruple. Mix, and form lozenges. Radius. Collutory of Lemon Juice. R. Lemon juice, Sugar, each, one part. Claret wine, sixteen parts. As a mouth-wash in scurvy. Brera. Lemonade. R. Lemon juice, four ounces Fresh lemon-peel, half an ounce. Sugar, four ounces. Boiling water, three pints. Mix, and let cool. Ellis. R. Lemons, three. Boiling water, two pints. Sugar, two ounces. Cut the lemons in slices, pour the water on them, and add the sugar at the end of an hour, and strain. Eatier. Compound Lemonade. R. Lemons, two. Peel them, remove the seeds, and beat them with Toasted bread, two ounces. Adding, gradually, Infusion of malt, one pint and a half. Strain, and add Syrup of mulberries, one ounce. Wine, six ounces. Cadet. Lemon-Peel Water. R. Pare the rind of one lemon, pre- viously rubbed with half an ounce of loaf sugar ; put both into a jar, and add a quart of boiling water ; when cold, de- cant, and add one tablespoonful of lemon juice. A T. Thomson. Lemon Syrup. R. Strained fresh lemon juice, Water, each, one pint. Sugar, in coarse powder, forty-eight troyounces. Mix, and dissolve with gentle heat. U. S. Ph. R. Fresh lemon-peel, Strained lemon juice, Refined sugar, two ounces. one pint imp. two and a quarter pounds. Heat the lemon juice to the boiling point, add the lemon-peel, when cool, filter and dissolve the sugar with a gentle heat. The product should weigh three pounds and a half. Brit. Ph. Paris Codex dissolves seventeen and a half parts of sugar in ten parts of clarified lemon juice. Syrup of Lemon-Peel. R. Fresh lemon-peel, three ounces. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for three days, and add Sugar, two pounds. The product weighs three pounds. Guibourt. 374 LIMON, Vinous Syrup of Lemon-Peel. R. Fresh lemon-peel, half a pound. Wine, a pint and a half. Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, and add Syrup, one pound and a half. Boil, strain, and add Oil of lemon, rubbed with sugar, fifteen drops. Sard. Ph. Odoriferous Spirit of Lemon R. Oil of lemon, " bergamot, " lavender. Acetic ether, Mix. Used as a perfume. each, one part. four parts. Sax. Ph. Cologne Water. B " " 0f l b em!r 0t 'l eaeh ' " cedra"; \ four ounces - :: zT 7, h^ " lavender, ) two ounces. Alcohol, thirty pounds. Eau de melisse, sixty ounces. Spirit of rosemary, forty ounces. Dissolve the oils in the alcohol, add the other articles, and, after eight days, distil four-fifths. Paris Codex. two pounds. eight ounces. six ounces. two ounces. R. Balm, Rosemary, Lemon-peel, Nutmeg, ") Cloves, ! , rt- ' Veach, Cinnamon, [ . ' Coriander, J Oil of bergamot, one ounce. Alcohol, six pounds. Water, eight pounds. Mix, and distil by a gentle fire. Niemann. R. Oil of neroli, " lemon, " bergamot, " orange, u rosemary, Cardamom, one drachm. Alcohol, one pint. Mix, and distil two-thirds. Said by Troms- dorff to be the formula used at Cologne. Niemann. each, twelve drops. R. Oil of bergamot, "] " lemon, ! each, u cedrat,, f four drachms. " neroli. J cinnamon, " rosemary, each, one drachm. Alcohol, three pounds. Spirit of rosemary, three ounces. Digest for a few days, and distil almost to dryness ; add to the product Balm water, nine ounces. Spirit of jasmine, " orris, each, four drachms. Giordano. R. Oil of bergamot, three ounces. " lemon, two ounces. " lavender, three drachms and a half. " neroli, two drachms and a half. " origanum, two drachms. " rosemary, one drachm. Essence of vanilla, two drachms. Musk, ten grains. Alcohol, thirteen pints. Rose w r ater, two pints. Orange-flow r er water, one pint. Mix, and after fourteen days, filter. Gray. R. Essence of bergamot, two ounces. " rosemary, " mint, each, one drachm. " lemon, two drachms. u neroli, ten grains. Balm water, two ounces and a half. Mix. Ferrara Ph. R. Oil of bergamot, u lemon, each, one drachm. " neroli, half a drachm. " cedrat, twenty drops. Honey water, one ounce. Alcohol, one pint. Mix. Gray. R. Oil of neroli, 1 u u orange, j each, lemon, V one drachm u marjoram, and a half. u rosemary, a Civet cinnamon, four drops. , three grains. LINTM 375 Ambergris, two grains. Alcohol, four pounds and a half. Macerate for a month, and filter. Swediaur. R. Oil of bergamot, three drachms. " lemon, two drachms. " lavender, twenty-five drops. " neroli, fifteen drops. " origanum, ten drops. Alcohol, two pints. Mix. Gray. Unparalleled Water. R. Oil of lemon, half an ounce. " bergamot, two drachms and a half. " cedrat, two drachms. seventy-two ounces. Alcohol, Hungary water, Mix. eio-ht ounces. Guibourt. LINUM. Flaxseed. Flaxseed is the product of Linum usitatis- simum, or common flax, now cultivated in most parts of the world, but whose native country is unknown. Sex. "Syst. Pentand. pentag. Nat. Syst. Linace?e. Linn. Sp. PI. 397. Griffith, Med. Bot. 206. Both the seeds aud the oil extracted from them are officinal. The first are small, oval, shining, and of a brown color. They are devoid of smell, and have a mucilaginous taste when unbroken, but an oily one when chewed. When steeped in water they afford a viscid, inodorous, and almost tasteless mucilage. The oil, which is obtained by expression, is laxative and emollient, but is principally used in the arts. The flaxseed meal of IT. S. Ph. consists of the ground seeds and contains the oil ; that of the Brit. Ph. is the so-called cake meal, or ground flaxseed from which the oil has been expressed. Compound Meal of Flaxseed. R. Flaxseed meal,") Barley meal, I equal parts. Rye meal, ) Mix. To make cataplasm. Cottereau. Emollient Cataplasm. BL Compound meal of flaxseed, four ounces. Water, sufficient. Boil to proper consistence. Paris Codex. Cataplasm of Flaxseed. R. Cake meal, four ounces. Olive oil, half a fl. ounce. Boiling water, ten fl. ounces. Mix the meal gradually with the water, and add the oil. Brit. Ph. Charcoal Poultice. R. Wood charcoal, in powder, half an ounce. Crumb of bread, two ounces. Cake meal, one ounce and a half. Boiling water, ten fl. ounces. Macerate the bread in the water near the fire, mix, stir in the meal and half the char- coal, and sprinkle the remainder of the charcoal on the surface of the poultice. Brit. Ph. Cataplasm of Flaxseed Meal and Bran. R. Flaxseed meal, Bran, equal parts. Boiling water, sufficient. Pour the water on the bran and meal, and stir constantly until the poultice has a pulpy consistence. Ellis. Compound Infusion of Flaxseed. R. Flaxseed, half a troyounce. Liquorice root, bruised, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. The infusion of Brit. Ph. is of about the same composition and strength. A pleasant demulcent drink, in inflam- matory affections of the lungs, bladder, etc. Mucilage of Flaxseed. R. Flaxseed, one part. Lukewarm water, five parts. Digest for six hours, express, and strain. Paris Codex. Flaxseed Mixture. R. Flaxseed, one drachm. Boiling water, six fl. ounces. Infuse, strain, and add Syrup of poppies,, half an ounce. Orange-flower water, two fl. drachms. Mix. St. Marie. 376 LIQUID AMBAE. LOBELIA Clyster of Flaxseed Oil. R. Flaxseed oil, two ounces. infusion, Mix. eight ounces. Swediaur. LIQUIDAMBAR. Sweet Gum. This is a large and beautiful tree, indige- nous to the United States. A balsam is ob- tained from it in the Southern States, by- making incisions into the bark. Sex. Syst. Monoec. polyan. Nat. Syst. Bal- samifluse. The parts employed in medicine are the bark and the balsam. The former has an astringent and somewhat aromatic taste ; the latter resembles balsam of Peru and storax in smell and taste, and is employed in some sections of the South for the same purposes and in the same doses as tolu, in the form of tincture and syrup made by the formulas for the corresponding tolu prepara- tions. R. Syrup of Sweet Gum Bark. Sweet gum bark, five tix^ounces. Suojar. twenty-four troyounces. Water, sufficient. Obtain from the powdered bark, by macera- tion and displacement, one pint of infusion, and dissolve in it the sugar by agitation. Dose, for an adult, a fl. ounce, in diarrhoea aud dysentery. C. W. Wright. LIRIODENDRON. Tulip Tree Bark. The tulip tree, or Liriodendron tulipifera, is one of the most magnificent of our native trees. It is found in most parts of the United States, and is popularly known as the poplar. Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Mag- noliaceaj. Linn. Sp. PI. 755. Griffith, Med. Bot. 98. The officinal portion is the bark ; this, when deprived of its epidermis, is of a yel- lowish-white color, having a faint odor, but a bitter, pungent, aromatic taste. It is a st i inulating tonic, and has been used as a febrifuge) as well as in dyspepsia, chronic rheumatism, etc. The dose in powder is from half a drachm to two drachms. Infusion of Tulip Tree Bark. R. Tulip tree bark, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. [nfuse, and strain. Dose, one to two II. ounces, as a stimulating tonic and diapho- retic. Wood. Tincture of Tulip Tree Bark. R. Tulip tree bark, bruised, Diluted alcohol, Macerate for a week, Dose, about a fl. drachm four ounces. one pint. express, and filter. Beasley. LITHIUM. Carbonate of Lithium. An amorphous or minutely crystalline powder, soluble in about one hundred parts of cold water, insoluble in alcohol, and of a slight alkaline taste. It possesses diuretic and lithontriptic properties. Dose, three to six grains. Effervescent Lithia Water. R. Carbonate of lithium, ten grains. Water, twenty ounces. Mix and impregnate with washed carbonic acid gas under a pressure of seven atmos- pheres. Dose, five to ten fl. ounces. Brit. Ph. Citrate of Lithium. R. Carbonate of lithium, one hundred grains. Citric acid, two hundred grains. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. Mix, heat until effervescence ceases, evap- orate by a steam-bath to a viscid consist- ence, dry at a temperature of about 240°, pulverize rapidly, and keep in a well- stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. uses ninety grains of citric acid to fifty grains of carbonate of lithium. Deliquescent in open air. Dose, five to ten grains. LOBELIA. Lobelia. — Indian Tobacco. Several species of Lobelia are medicinal, hut the only one recognized as officinal is the L. inflaia, a small annual plant found in most parts of the United States, having numerous small blue flowers, on leafy ra- cemes. The leaves are ovate, sessile, serrate, ami hairy. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lo- beliacere. Linn. Sp. PI. 1006. Griffith, Med. Bot. 418. The whole herb is officinal, but the root and seed vessels are the most active. When dried, it has a somewhat unpleasant odor, and an acrid, burning, nauseous taste, re- sembling that of tobacco. It is emetic, and, LUPULINA 377 in small closes, expectorant and sudorific. It also possesses narcotic properties. It is principally used in asthma ; it has also been used in other diseases of the respiratory organs, etc. Dose in substance, as an emetic, from five to twenty grains, as an expectorant, one to three grains. Infusion of Lobelia. R. Lobelia, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse. A fl. ounce every hall' hour, till vomiting ensues. Ellis. Tincture of Lobelia. R. Lobelia, in powder, No. 60, four troyounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by displacement two pirrts. The tincture of Brit. Ph. is of nearly the same strength ; that of Ph. Germ, is made of ten parts of alcohol (0.892) to one part of lobelia. Dose, as emetic, half fl. ounce ; as anti- spasmodic in asthma, one to two fl. drachms, every two or three hours ; and as an ex- pectorant, ten to forty drops. Ethereal Tincture of Lobelia. R. Lobelia, in coarse powder, five ounces. Spirit of ether, forty fl. ounces. Form tincture by maceration. Brit. Ph. Dose, the same as alcoholic tincture. R. Lobelia, one pound. Alcohol, four pints. Spirit of nitrous ether, four pints. " sulphuric ether, four ounces. Macerate for fourteen days in a dark place, and filter. Dose, five to twenty minims. Whitelaw. Mixture of Lobelia. R. Tincture of lobelia, one drachm. Decoction of mallow, six ounces. A spoonful, every two or three hours, as an expectorant. Radius. Acetic Extract of Lobelia. R. Lobelia seed, bruised, Diluted alcohol, Acetic acid. eight ounces. four pints. one fl. ounce. Macerate the seed in the diluted alcohol, to which the acid has been added, for forty- eight hours ; then displace until four pints of tincture are obtained, using diluted alco- hol to expel the last portion, and then evaporate to the consistence of an extract. W. Procter. Fluid Extract of Lobelia. R. Bruised lobelia tops, eight ounces. Acetic acid, one fl. ounce. Diluted alcohol, three pints. Alcohol, six fl. ounces. Macerate the lobelia in a pint and a half of the diluted alcohol, mixed with the acid, for twenty-four hours ; introduce into a per- colator, and obtain three pints of tincture ; evaporate this in a water-bath to ten fl. ounces, strain, add the alcohol, and filter. A fl. drachm is equal to half a fl. ounce of the tincture. W. Procter. Vinegar of Lobelia. R. Lobelia leaves, in powder, No. 40, four troyounces. Diluted acetic acid, sufficient. Moisten the powder with two fl. ounces and afterwards displace with diluted acetic acid until two pints of liquid have been obtained. U. S. Ph. Syrup of Lobelia. R. Vinegar of lobelia, six fl. ounces. Sugar, twelve ounces (av.). Dissolve the sugar in the vinegar, by aid of heat, remove the scum which rises, and strain. W. Procter. R. Fluid extract of lobelia, Simple syrup, Mix. two fl. ounces. ten fl. ounces. W. Procter. LDPULINA LlTPULIN Is the powder attached to the strobiles of Hamulus lupulus, and has all the properties of hops. It is a yellowish powder, mixed with portions of the scales of the hop stro- biles. It is tonic, and somewhat narcotic. It is obtained by rubbing, or threshing and sifting the strobiles, or by washing these several times in different portions of water, mixing the washings, and letting the lupulin deposit, when it is to be dried. The dose is from six to ten grains. 378 LYCOPODIUM. Powder of Lupulin. R. Lupulin, one part. Sugar, two parts. Mix. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Foy. Pills of Lupulin. R. Lupulin, at will. Rub into mass in a warm mortar, and divide into two grain pills. Magendie. two drachms. R. Lupulin, Gum tragacanth, Water, each, sufficient. Make mass, and divide into pills of two grains. R Extract of Lupulin. Lupulin, four ounces. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Mix in a percolator, and allow to stand for an hour. Displace until two pints of fil- tered liquor are obtained ; then set aside in a shallow dish for spontaneous evapora- tion. One drachm of lupulin yields two scruples of extract. Livermore. R. Tincture of Lupulin. Lupulin, four troyounces. Alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by displacement two pints. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. drachms, in sweetened water. Syrup of Lupulin. R. Tincture of lupulin, one part. Syrup, seven parts. Mix. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. Foy. Fluid Extract of Lupulin. R. Lupulin, sixteen troyounces. Stronger alcohol, . sufficient. Moisten lupulin with six fluidounces of the alcohol, pack tightly into a percolator, add ten fluidounces of stronger alcohol, and macerate for four days; then displace twenty-four fluidounces, reserving the first fourteen, evaporate the remainder to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. U.S. Ph. Dose, five to ten minims. Oleoresin ot Lupulin. R. Lupulin, twelve troyounces. Ether, sufficient. Obtain by slow percolation twenty fl. ounces, distil and evaporate the ether com- pletely. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to three grains. Emulsion with Lupulin. R. Tincture of lupulin, four scruples. Syrup of red poppies, " of orange flowers, each, one ounce. Emulsion of almonds, four ounces. Water, ten ounces. Mix. B6ral. Ointment of Lupulin. R. Lupulin, one part. Lard, three parts. Digest, on a water-bath, for five or six hours, and strain. To appease the pain of cancerous ulcers. Soubeiran. LYCOPODIUM. Lycopodium. — Clubmoss. Lycopodium clavatvm is a small moss-like plant indigenous to North America, Europe, and Northern Asia. Sex. Syst. Cryptogam, lycopod. Nat. Syst. Lycopodiaceae. The sporules of this and some allied species are used. It forms a fine mobile grayish-yellow powder, which is with diffi- culty moistened by water. It is now chiefly applied externally as an exsiccant to ex- coriated surfaces. Mixture of Lycopodium. R. Lycopodium, three drachms. Water, two fl. ounces. Syrup of marsh mallow, one fl. ounce. Mix by trituration. Dose, a dessertspoon- ful every hour or two. In strangury and dysuria, particularly of infants. Huf eland. Compound Powder of Lycopodium. R. Lycopodium, one ounce. Oxide of zinc, two to three scruples. Mix thoroughly. As a dusting powder in excoriation of infants. Berends. LYCOPUS VIBGINICUS MAGNESIA. 379 LYCOPUS YJRGINICUS. BUGLEWEED. This is an herbaceous plant indigenous to this country, with an obtusely quadran- gular often purplish stem, lanceolate serrate leaves, and whitish flowers. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnosperm. Nat. Syst. Lamiacese. Bugleweed possesses mild astringent pro- perties, and is believed to act somewhat as a narcotic ; it has been recommended in haemoptysis, and incipient consumption. It is given in doses of a scruple to a drachm in the form of infusion. M, MACIS. Mace. A laciniated and reticulated, smooth, thin, flexible membrane, of a saffron-yellow color, which is the arillus investing the shell of the nutmeg, which, in taste and odor, it much resembles. It is an active, aromatic stimulant, but is more used for culinary purposes than in medicine. The dose is from ten grains to a scruple. Tincture of Mace. B. Mace, one part. Alcohol, five parts. Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Ph. Germ. Dose, from thirty to forty drops, as a car- minative and stomachic. Volatile Oil of Mace. B. Mace, bruised, Water, Distil and separate the oil. at will, sufficient. Guibourt. Carminative Drops. B. Yolatile oil of mace, half a drachm. Nitrous ether, a drachm and a half. Mix. In flatulent colic, ten or twelve drops on sugar. Radius. MAGNESIUM. This metal is not used, but many of its compounds are largely employed. MAGNESIA. Magnesia. B. Carbonate of magnesium, any quantity. Put in an earthen vessel, and expose it to a red heat for two hours, or till the carbonic acid is wholly expelled. U. S. Ph. B. Heavy Magnesia. Heavy carbonate of magnesium, any quantity. Expose to a low red heat until free from carbonic acid. Brit. Ph. B. Mix solutions of one hundred and twenty-three parts of crystal- lized sulphate of magnesium, and one hundred and forty-four parts of crystallized carbonate of sodium ; evaporate to dryness and calcine till the carbonic acid is expelled. Dissolve out the sul- phate of sodium, wash, and dry. E. Phillips. Powder of Magnesia and Rhubarb. B. Powdered rhubarb, one scruple. Magnesia, ten grains. Oil of cinnamon, one drop. Mix. As a purgative, to be given in sugar and water. Ellis. Powder of Magnesia and Sulphur. B. Precipitated sulphur, Magnesia, each, half an ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a day, as an aperient. Ellis. Powder of Magnesia and Orange-Peel. B. Magnesia, four drachms. Powdered orange-peel, " fennel-seed, each, one drachm. Sugar, two drachms. Mix. Ten or twelve grains, three times a day, as a stimulant to the digestive organs. Foy. Troches of Magnesia. B. Magnesia, three troy ounces. Sugar, powdered, nine troy ounces. 380 MAGXESII CARBOKAS Kutmeg, powdered, one drachm. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Rub the first three ingredients together until thoroughly mixed, then form a mass with the mucilage, and divide into four hundred and eighty troches. U. S. Ph. The troches of Ph. Germ, are made with chocolate mass, and contain one grain and a half of magnesia. Magnesia Mixture. R. Magnesia, one drachm. Water of ammonia, one fl. drachm. Spirit of cinnamon, three fl. drms. Water, five and a half fl. ounces. Mix. Eecommended by Dr. James, in the cardialgia of pregnant women. Two or three teaspoonfuls to be taken as occasion may require. Sims. R. Magnesia, Water, Sugar, two drachms, ten drachms, twelve drachms and a half. Orange-flower water, five drachms. Triturate the magnesia with the water, and heat to boiling, stirring constantly, then add the sugar, and when dissolved, the orange-flower water, and strain through a fine sieve. To be taken at one dose. Paris Codex. R. Magnesia, thirty grains. Syrup of ginger, two drachms. Peppermint water, two fl. ounces and a half. Compound spirit of lavender, half fl. drachm. Spirit of caraway, half fl. ounce. Mix. A spoonful every hour, as an ant- acid. Poy. Magnesia and Gentian. R. Magnesia, one drachm. Infusion of gentian, six fl. ounces. Mix. A wineglaBsful, three times a day, in cases of uric-acid diathesis. Brande. Magnesia and Rhubarb Mixture. R. Magnesia, half a drachm. Powdered rhubarb, two grains. " sugar, one drachm. Essence of peppermint, six drops. Distilled water, oik; fl. ounce and a half. Mix. In bowel complaints of children. A teaspoonful, every two hours, till it ope- rates. Ellis. MAGNESII ACETAS. Acetate of Magnesium. R. Carbonate of magnesium, one hundred and twenty parts. Acetic acid, sufficient to saturate. Evaporate till the mixture weighs three hundred parts. It forms a syrupy fluid. One ounce of this solution mixed with three ounces of syrup of oranges constitutes the weaker solution, and one ounce and a half to three ounces of syrup forms the stronger solution. Renault. MAGNESII CARBONAS. Carbonate of Magnesium. Light Carbonate of Magnesium. R. Sulphate of magnesium, ten ounces. Carbonate of sodium, twelve ounces. Dissolve the salts separately, each in five pounds of water, mix cold, boil for fifteen minutes, wash thoroughly upon a calico fil- ter with boiling distilled water, and dry at or below 212°. Brit. Ph. Heavy Carbonate of Magnesium. R. Sulphate of magnesium, ten ounces. Carbonate of sodium, twelve ounces. Dissolve the salts separately, each in twenty ounces of boiling water, mix, and evaporate by a sand-bath to dryness ; di- gest the residue for half an hour w T ith forty ounces of water, transfer to a calico filter, wash well, and dry at or below 212°. Brit. Ph. Dose of the carbonates, ten to sixty grains. Solution of Carbonate of Magnesium. R. Sulphate of magnesium, two ounces. Carbonate of sodium, two ounces and a half. Dissolve the salts separately, each in ten ounces of water, mix boiling hot. and boil until carbonic acid ceases to be evolved. Wash the precipitate thoroughly, then mix with twenty ounces of distilled water, pass an excess of pure carbonic acid gas into the mixture; let remain in contact under pressure for twenty-four hours, filter, im- pregnate again with carbonic acid, and bottle. 11 contains about thirteen grains of carbonate of magnesium in a fl. ounce. Brit. Ph. MAGXESII CARBOXAS 381 R. Sulphate of magnesium, seven drachms. Bicarbonate of sodium, nine drachms. Water, twenty fl. ounces. Carbonic acid gas, six volumes. Dissolve the salts in the water, and pass the gas through the mixture. The result will be bicarbonate of magnesium and sul- phate of sodium in solution. Phoebus. Dinneford's Fluid Magnesia. R. Howard's magnesia, seventeen Distilled water, and a half grains, one fl. ounce. Introduce into a cylindrical tinned vessel a mixture in these proportions, and force into it carbonic acid for five hours and a half, during the whole of which time the cylinder is kept revolving. Pereira. Lozenges of Carbonate of Magnesium. R. Carbonate of magnesium, ten parts. Powdered sugar, forty parts. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Make into lozenges of fifteen grains each. Dose, five to ten. Paris Codex. Magnesia with Rhubarb. R. Carbonate of magnesium, twelve drachms. Powdered sugar, ten drachms. u rhubarb, three drachms. Oil of fennel, twenty drops. Mix to a uniform powder. Ph. Germ. Used like the compound rhubarb powder of the U. S. Ph. De-wees' s Carminative. R. Carbonate of magnesium, half a drachm. Tincture of assafetida, fort}' drops. " opium, twenty drops. Sugar, one drachm. Distilled water. one fl. ounce. Mix. In flatulent colic, diarrhoea, etc., of children. Dose, twenty drops and upwards, according to age. Deivees. Dalby's Carminative. R. Carbonate of magnesium. two scruples. Oil of peppermint, one drop, nutmeg, two drops. aniseed. three drops. Tincture of castor, thirty drops. u assafetida, fifteen drops. Spirit of pennyroyal, fifteen drops. Compound tincture of cardamom, thirty drops. Peppermint water, two fl. ounces. Mix. Paris. half an ounce. R. Carbonate of potassium, Carbonate of magnesium, twelve ounces. Laudanum, six fl. ounces. Oil of peppermint, | ^ " caraway, )- fl , « fennel, j A- scruples. Sugar, thirty-five ounces. Water, ten pints. Triturate the oils with the sugar and mag- nesia, then add the remainder. Phil Coll. Ph. Carbonate of Magnesium Mixture. R. Carbonate of magnesium, half a drachm. Sulphate of magnesium, three drachms. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, one fl. drachm. Tincture of rhubarb, half fl. ounce. " henbane, half fl. drachm. Mint water, four fl. ounces. Mix. As a carminative cathartic. A tablespoonful, two or three times a day. Meigs. Magnesia and Colchicum. R. Carbonate of magnesium, one drachm. Sugar, Gum Arabic, each, sufficient. Wine of colchicum root, forty drops. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Mix. In gout and rheumatism. A table- spoonful, every two hours, till it operates. Ellis. Mixture of Magnesia and Camphor. R. Magnesia, one drachm. Camphor, half a drachm. Sugar, Gum Arabic, each, two drachms. 382 MAGItfESII CITEAS. — MAGNESII PHOSPHAS Sulphuric ether, half fl. drachm. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Mix. In flatulency and irritable stomach. A tablespoonful, four or five times a day. Ellis. MAGNESII CITRAS Citrate op Magnesium. R. Citric acid, at will. Dissolve in water, and add Carbonate of magnesium, sufficient to saturate ; wash the powder, and dry by a gentle heat. Laxative, but not as active as the sulphate. Beasley. Soluble Citrate of Magnesium. R. Crystallized citric acid, one hundred grains. Calcined magnesia, thirty-five grains. Water, fifteen drops. Dissolve the acid with the water, then gradually add the magnesia ; or omit the water and melt the acid in a sand-bath in its own water of crystallization, and incor- porate the magnesia with it. The mixture soon hardens, and may be pulverized for use. This formula is modified from one given by Dorvault, of Paris. Parrish §• Smith. Granular Citrate of Magnesium. R. Carbonate of magnesium, twenty-five parts. Citric acid, seventy-five parts. Mix, with sufficient water, to a thick pulp, and dry at or below 85°. With fourteen parts of this dry mass, mix Bicarbonate of sodium, thirteen parts. Citric acid, six parts. Sugar, three parts. Moisten the mixture with sufficient alcohol, rub through a suitable sieve, and dry care- fully. Ph. Germ. Dose, a tablespoonful or more, in water, during effervescence. Solution of Citrate of Magnesium. R . Soluble citrate of one ounce. magnesium, Water, eight II. ounces. Dissolve, transfer to a suitable bottle, and add Syrup, one and a half fl. ounces. Bicarbonate of potassium, forty grains. Cork immediately and secure. Parrish fr Smith. R. Carbonate of magnesium, two hundred grains. Crystallized citric acid, four hundred grains. Bicarbonate of potassium, forty grains. Syrup of citric acid, two fl. ounces. Water, sufficient. Dissolve the acid in four fl. ounces of water, and add the carbonate of magnesium ; when dissolved, filter into a strong twelve-ounce bottle containing the syrup, add the bi- carbonate and enough water to nearly fill the bottle, cork, secure with twine, and shake occasionally until the crystals are dissolved. U. S. Ph. Dose, from a half to a whole bottle. Citrate of Magnesium Water. R. Carbonate of magnesium, five drachms and a quarter. Citric acid, five drachms and a half. Lemon syrup, two drachms and a half. Water, sufficient to fill a Seidlitz-water bottle. Dissolve the acid in one-sixth of the water, triturate the carbonate with the remainder, and add to it half the acid solution ; and, on the ceas- ing of the effervescence, pour it into the bottle with the syrup, add the acid solu- tion, and cork instantly. As a purgative draught. Bardet. MAGNESII PHOSPHAS. Phosphate op Magnesium. R. Magnesia, at will. Diluted phosphoric acid, sufficient to saturate ; filter, and evaporate to dryness. Niemann. Stated to be useful in rachitis, in doses of ten to twenty grains. MAGNESII SULPHAS 383 MAGNESII SULPHAS. Sulphate of Magnesium. (Epsom Salts.) Cheltenham Salts. B. Sulphate of magnesium, Chloride of sodium, each, four parts. Sulphate of sodium, three parts. To be well dried before being powdered and mixed. Dose, half an ounce, or more, in solution. Cooley. The compound saline powder of the Ed. Ph. differs from this, in the substitu- tion of sulphate of potassium for the sul- phate of sodium. Seidlitz Water. R. Sulphate of magnesium, two drachms. Chloride of magnesium, eighteen grains. Soda water, twenty fl. ounces. Dissolve. As a purgative. Foy. B. Sulphate of magnesium, two drachms to one ounce. Water, one pint. Dissolve, and charge the solution with three volumes of carbonic acid gas. Beasley. Purgative Emulsion. R. Sulphate of magnesium, two drachms. Flake manna, one ounce. Simple emulsion, four fl. ounces. Dissolve. A tablespoonful every two hours. Wendt. Sulphate of Magnesium and Tartar Emetic. B. Sulphate of magnesium, one ounce. Tartar emetic, one grain. Flake manna, one ounce. Lemon juice, half an ounce. Water, eight fl. ounces. Make a solution, and strain. A tablespoon- ful, every hour, till it operates. Dewees. Sulphate of Magnesium and Coffee. B. Sulphate of magnesium, one ounce. Powdered roasted coffee, two drachms and a half. Water, sixteen ounces. Boil in an earthen vessel, for two minutes ; remove from fire, and let infuse for some minutes ; then filter, or strain. This will destroy the bitter taste of the salt. Combes. Clyster with Sulphate of Magnesium B. Sulphate of magnesium, Olive oil, Mucilage of starch, one ounce. one fl. ounce. fifteen fl. ounces. Dissolve and mix. One-half to be injected, and if it does not produce the desired effect, the remainder to be administered. Brit. Ph. Sulphate of Magnesium and Sulphuric Acid. B. Sulphate of magne- sium, to saturate Water, Add to solution, Diluted sulphuric acid, sufficient seven fl. ounces. one fl. ounce. Dose, a tablespoonful, in a wineglassful of water, every hour, till it operates. Henry. Sulphate of Magnesium and Hochelle Salt. R. Sulphate of magnesium, Tartrate of potassium and sodium, equal parts. Dose, two to three drachms, in six ounces of water. Christison. Sulphate of Magnesium, Aloes, etc. B. Sulphate of magne- sium, six drachms. Carbonate of magne- sium, ninety grains. Wine of aloes, six fl. drachms. Tincture of hops, two fl. drachms. Dilute hydrocyanic acid, fifteen minims. Infusion of cascarilla, seven fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful, morning and even- ing, in dyspepsia accompanied with costive- ness. L. Parker. 384 MAGXESII SULPHUEETUM. — MALTUM Sulphate of Magnesium and Nitric Acid. R. Sulphate of magne- sium, half an ounce. Tincture of jalap, one fl. drachm. Nitric acid, two drops. Mint water, two fl. ounces. Mix. To be taken for a draught. Ellis. MAGNESII SULPHURETUM. Sulphuret op Magnesium. R. Pure magnesia, Sulphur, Fuse together. Dose, five to ten grains. Jourdain. five parts, four parts. Syrup of Sulphuret of Magnesium. R. Sulphuret of magne- sium, half an ounce. Fennel-water, six ounces. Dissolve, strain, and add Sugar, fifteen ounces. Said to be useful in chronic exanthemata, hooping-cough, etc. Dose, a spoonful occa- sionally. Radius. MAGNESII TARTRAS. Tartrate op Magnesium. B. Solution of tartaric acid, at will. Carbonate of magne- sium, sufficient to saturate. Evaporate the solution to dry- ness, in a water-bath. Used by Iiadernacher, in painful chronic maladies of the spleen. Dose, one scruple to one drachm. Pereira. R Aperient Effervescing Magnesia. Carbonate of magne- sium, one part. Sulphate of magnesium, ] Bi-carbonate of sodium, | each, Tartrate of sodium and V two potassium, parts. Tartaric acid, Drive off the water of crystallization by heat, reduce to powder, mix thoroughly, and inclose in dry, strong bottles, which are to he well corked, and sealed with wax. Dose, a teaspoonful, in half a tumbler of water, drunk in a state of effervescence. Durand. Bi-Tartrate of Magnesium. R. Tartaric acid, one hundred and twenty-five parts. Distilled water, two thousand parts. Dissolve, and add gradually Carbonate of magne- sium, one hundred and fifty- seven parts. Evaporate and crystallize. Ph. Hanov. MAGNOLIA The barks of several species of Magnolia are employed as stimulating tonics in the United States, those of M. glauca, M. acumi- nata, and M. tripetala being recognized by the pharmacopoeia. They are stimulating, bitter tonics, with some diaphoretic powers, and the decoction has been used with some success in intermittent fevers and rheuma- tism, as has also a tincture of the cones. Dose, in powder, half a drachm to a drachm. R Tincture of Magnolia. Recently-dried bark, or cones of magnolia, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, one pint. Macerate for a week, express, and filter. In chronic rheumatism. Beasley. MALTUM. Malt. Malt is barley germinated by warmth and moisture, and then subjected to such a de- gree of heat as to destroy the vital principle. It contains sugar, gum, and hordein, and is principally used in the manufacture of malt liquors. Infusion of Malt. R. Ground malt, one pint. Scalding water, three pints. Infuse for two hours, strain, and add sugar or lemon juice, if required. Ellis. Much prescribed by the late Dr. Parrish, as a drink in inflammatory fevers. R Extract of Malt. Ground malt, one part. Cold water, one part. Macerate for three hours, then add Water, four parts. Digest at 140° to 150° for one hour, heat to boiling, express, strain, and evaporate with constant stirring to a soft extract. Ph. Germ. MALVA. MANGAKESII IODIDUM. 385 Emollient Clyster. R. Ground malt, "> each, Powdered mallow root, y two Pearl bariey, ) drachms. Water, one quart. Boil down to a pint, and strain. Phoebus. MALTA. Common Mallow. Several species of Mallow are recognized as officinal in the European pharmacopoeias, and, although they are very similar in their properties, that most generally employed is the M. sylvesiris, the leaves and flowers being the officinal parts. Sex. Syst. Monadelph. polyand. Nat. Syst. Malvaceae. They are emollient and demulcent, but are seldom employed in this country. R. Species for Gargles. Mallow flowers, Elder flowers, Marsh mallow leaves Cut, and mix. } equal parts. Ph. Germ. R. Emollient Species. Mallow leaves, Marsh mallow leaves, Melilot, German chamomile, Flaxseed, I J Ph. equal parts. Germ. Cut and bruise ; mix. R. Leaves of mallow, " marsh mallow, " mullein, " parietaria, Cut and mix. Paris Codex. equal parts. Compound Decoction of Mallow. R. Dried mallow, one ounce. Dried chamomile, half an ounce. Water, one pint. Boil for a quarter of an hour, and strain. Employed for fomentations and enemata. Lond. Ph. 1836. MANG ANESIUM. Manganese. This metal is never employed in medicine, but several of its oxides and salts have ob- tained some celebrity. 25 MANGANESII CAHBONAS. Carbonate of Manganese. R. Peroxide of manganese, atjwill. "Wash in very dilute muriatic acid, dissolve in strong muriatic acid, and evaporate to dryness. Dissolve part in water, and pre- cipitate with carbonate of sodium, wash precipitate, and digest it with a solution of the rest of the salt. Filter, and precipitate by carbonate of sodium, wash, and dry. Beasley. Fills of Carbonate of Manganese and Iron. R. Crystallized sulphate of iron, seventy-five parts. Sulphate of manganese, twenty-five parts. Crystallized carbonate of sodium, one hundred and twenty parts. Honey, sixty parts. Water, sufficient. Mix well, and divide into pills of three grains. Burin Dubuisson. MANGANESII chloridum. Chloride op Manganese. R. Muriatic acid, Carbonate of manganese, at will. sufficient to saturate; evaporate, and crystallize. Pre- serve in closely-stopped bottles. A solution in water has been praised as a gargle in aph- thous sore throat. Jourdain. Pills of Chloride of Manganese. R. Chloride of manganese, two scruples. Gum Arabic, Extract of liquorice, each, one scruple. Mix, and form pills of two grains. Ad- vised in obstinate cutaneous affections, in doses of from five to ten. Augustin. MANGANESII IODIDUM Iodide op Manganese. Pills of Iodide of Manganese. R. Iodide of potassium, Sulphate of manganese, equal parts. Honey, sufficient. 386 MANGANESII PHOSPHAS Form mass, and divide into four-grain pills, which are to be kept in a well-stopped bottle. Dose, one pill, gradually increased to six pills, daily. Hannon. Syrup of Iodide of Manganese. R. Sulphate of manganese, sixteen drachms. Iodide of potassium, nineteen drachms. Sugar, Water, each, sufficient. Dissolve each of the salts in three fl. ounces of water containing two drachms of syrup ; mix, and after precipitation, filter the solution into a bottle containing twelve ounces of sugar ; add water to make a pint, and shake the bottle till the sugar is dissolved. Each fl. ounce contains one drachm of iodide of manganese. Dose, ten drops to half a fl. drachm. W. Procter, Jr. R. Iodide of potassium, three hundred and thirty grains. Tartaric acid, two hundred and sixty-four grains. Dissolve each in one and a half fl. ounces of water ; mix, filter, and saturate the re- maining hydriodic acid with carbonate of manganese. Then filter, and add sufficient syrup to make six fl. ounces. Each fl. ounce contains fifty grains of the iodide of manganese. Livermore. Syrup of Iodide of Iron and Manganese. R. Iodide of potassium, one thousand grains. Proto-sulphate of iron, six hundred and thirty grains. Proto-sulphate of manganese, two hundred and ten grains. Clean iron filings, one hundred grains. Powdered sugar, four thousand eight hundred grains. Distilled water, sufficient. Rub the sulphates and iodide separately to powder, mix with the iron filings, add naif a fl. ounce of water, and rub to an uniform paste; add the same quantity of water a second and a third time, at intervals of fifteen minutes, and rub. Place the sugar in a bottle, and drain the dense solution into it through a filler, adding water slowly to the magma, until the solution of the iodides is displaced, and the water measures twelve fl. ounces. Lastly, agitate the bottle till the sugar is dissolved. Each fl. ounce contains fifty grains of the iodides, in the proportion of three parts of iodide of iron to one of iodide of manganese. Dose, ten to twenty drops. W. Procter, Jr. MANGANESII OXIDUM. Black Oxide op Manganese. Powder of Oxide of Manganese. R. Oxide of manganese, two grains. Magnesia, one scruple. Mix. To be taken every three hours, in chlorosis. Brera. Bolus of Oxide of Manganese. R. Oxide of manganese, fourteen grains. Extract of savin, Aloes, each, ten grains. Mix,, and divide into six boluses; to be taken during the day, as an emmenagogue. Niemann. Ointment of Oxide of Manganese. R. Oxide of manganese, one part. Lard, two parts. Mix thoroughly. Giordano. Ointment of Oxide of Manganese and Sulphur. R. Oxide of manganese,) , Sulphur, l eacn ' Soap, \ ° ne0UnCe ' Lard, three drachms. Mix. Beasley. Both these ointments have been recom- mended in porrigo and other skin diseases. MANGANESII PHOSPHAS. Phosphate op Manganese. R. Sulphate of manganese, four ounces. Phosphate of sodium, five ounces. Water, sufficient. Dissolve the salts each in two pints of water, mix the solutions, wash the precipi- tate until the sulphate of sodium is removed, press in bibulous paper, and dry. W. Procter, Jr. MANGANESII SULPHAS. — MANNA. 387 MANGANESII SULPHAS. Sulphate op Manganese. R. Black oxide of manganese, ten parts. Pounded coal, one part. Ignite in a gas retort. Dissolve the pro- toxide thus formed in sulphuric acid, with the addition at the end of a little hydro- chloric acid ; then evaporate the sulphate to dryness, and heat again to redness in the gas retort. By this process the iron present is rendered insoluble, while the sulphate of manganese may be dissolved out and crys- tallized. Graham. R. Carbonate of manganese, at will. Diluted sulphuric acid, sufficient to saturate. Evaporate and crystallize. Dose, one to two drachms, in half a pint of water ; to be taken before breakfast, as a cholagogue cathartic. Beasley. MANNA. Manna. This is the exudation of several varieties of Fraxinus ornus, or Ornus Europma; a small tree found in the south of Europe. Sex. JSyst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Olea- ce• each, half an ounce. Storax, ) Yanilla, three drachms. Rose water, Orange-flower water, each, five ounces. Alcohol, forty-eight ounces. Distil by means of a water-bath. Some- times amber or musk is added. This is chiefly used for the toilet. Guibourt. MELILOTUS. Melilot. — Sweet Clover. This is the M. officinalis, an herbaceous plant, indigenous to Europe, and natural- ized to some extent in this country. Sex. Syst. Diadel. decaud. Nat. Syst. Le- guminos;i\ The leaves are tern ate, with obovate leaf- lets and subulate stipules; the corolla is small and yellow. On drying, the odor of coumarin is developed. It is now mainly employed externally as an emollient and stimulating application to ulcers. Plaster of Melilot. R. Yellow wax, four parts. Turpentine, Olive oil, each, one part. Melt, together, and when nearly cold add Powdered melilot. Mix well. two parts. Ph. Germ. MELISSA. Balm. Several species have been used in medi- cine, but the only one that is officinal in this country is M. officinalis, a small herba- ceous plant, which is a native of the south of Europe, and is very generally cultivated in our gardens. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. Lamiacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 827. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. iii. 365. The whole herb is used ; it has an agree- able odor, somewhat like that of lemons, and an aromatic, slightly bitter taste. Its medicinal properties are very slight, but it communicates an agreeable flavor to in- fusions. Infusion of Balm. (Balm Tea.) R. Balm, two to four drachms. Boiling water, six fl. ounces. Infuse for two hours, and strain. Used to favor or restore the eruption in the exan- themata, in doses of a wineglassful. Walther. Balm Water. R. Fresh balm, ten parts. Water, sufficient. Mix, and distil ten parts. Paris Codex. Ph. Germ, directs to distil ten parts of water from one part of dried balm. Concentrated Balm Water. R. Balm, ten parts. Pistil, by means of steam, one hundred parts, add two parts of alcohol, and again distil ten parts. By diluting one part of this with nine parts of distilled water, balm water is obtained. Ph. Germ. Compound Spirit of Balm. R. Fresh balm, ninety parts. Fresh lemon-peel, fifteen parts. Cinnamon,) Cloves, v each, eight parts. Nutmeg, ) Angelica, Coriander, each, four parts. Alcohol, five hundred parts. Macerate for four days, and distil. Paris Codex. R. Balm leaves, Lemon-peel, Coriander, Nutmeg, each, fourteen parts, twelve parts. six parts. MENTHA PIPERITA, 393 Cinnamon, Cloves, each, three parts. Alcohol, one hundred and fifty parts. Water, two hundred and fifty parts. Distil two hundred parts. Ph. Germ. These are known as the Eau des Carmes. It is used as a perfume, stomachic, and stimulant. R. Compound spirit of balm, Spirit of mint, " rosemary, each, u sage, " thyme, Mix. This is known as Eau de Dardel, and is used as above. Guibourt. sixteen parts. twelve parts. nine parts. eight parts. Anti-Hysteric "Water. one pound. one ounce. half an ounce. two drachms. twelve pounds. Digest for some time, and distil off one- half. As a stimulant, and antispasmodic in hysteria. Wirtemberg Ph. Fresh balm, Laurel berries, Cumin, each, Myrrh, Castor, White wine, MENTHA PIPERITA. Peppermint. Many species of Mentha are used in med- icine, but two only are recognized in our pharmacopoeia ; the M. piperita and M. viri- dis; both natives of Europe, and naturalized in this country. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. Lainiacece. Smith, Eng. Bot. x. 687. Griffith, Med. Bot. 502. The whole plant is used it has a pecu- liar, aromatic odor, and a balsamic, pun- gent, camphorated taste, followed by a sen- sation of coolness. It is aromatic, carmin- ative, and stimulant, and is much employed to expel flatus, obviate nausea, etc. Oil of Peppermint. R. Peppermint, at will. Water, sufficient. Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the product. U. S. Ph. Aromatic Species R. Peppermint, Rosemary, Wild thyme, Marjoram, Lavender, Cloves, Cubebs, each, each, two parts. one part. Cut and bruise separately, remove the fine powder, and mix. Ph. Germ. The aromatics and the proportions vary in the different pharmacopoeias. R "Water of Peppermint. Oil of peppermint, half afl. drachm. Carbonate of magnesium, one drachm. Distilled water, two pints. Rub the oil with the carbonate of magne- sium, and then with the water gradually added, and filter. U. S. Ph. R. Oil of peppermint, one fl. drachm and a half. Water, fifteen pounds. Distil ten pounds, Brit. Ph. Paris Codex directs to distil one part of water from one part of the fresh herb, Ph. Germ, ten parts, and U. S. Ph. fourteen parts of water from one part of dried peppermint. Dose, a tablespoonful. Spirit of Peppermint. R. Oil of peppermint, one fl. ounce. Rectified spirit, forty-nine fl. ounces. Dissolve. Brit. Ph. Dose, from half to one fl. drachm. R. Oil of peppermint, one fl. ounce. Peppermint, two drachms. Alcohol, fifteen fl. ounces. Mix, macerate for twenty-four hours, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, from ten to thirty minims. Essenoe of Peppermint. R. Oil of peppermint, one fl. ounce. Rectified spirit, four fl. ounces. Dissolve. Dose, five to fifteen minims. Brit. Ph. The officinal spirit is known in this coun- try as essence of peppermint. Peppermint Lozenges. R. Oil of peppermint, one fl. drachm. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Sugar, twelve troy ounces. 394 MENTHA VIRIDIS, Mix, and form four hundred and eighty troches. U. S. Ph. Carminative Mixture. R. Essence of peppermint, one fl. ounce. Peppermint water, four fl. ounces. Syrup of mallow, three fl. ounces. Oil of cinnamon, two drops. " peppermint, three drops. Mix. A spoonful every two hours, in con- vulsive hiccough. Alibert. R. Magnesia, half a drachm. Peppermint water, two and a half fl. drachms. Compound spirit of lavender, half fl. drachm. Spirit of caraway, four fl. drachms. Syrup of ginger, two fl. drachms. Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, as an antacid and carminative. Paris. MENTHA VIRIDIS. Spearmint. This species, like the last, although a native of Europe, has hecome extensively naturalized in many parts of the United States ; principally in low, wet situations. It is less powerfully aromatic and pungent than peppermint, but is more agreeable in odor and taste to most persons. It has the same properties, and its preparations are the same as of that article. The French and German pharmacopoeias employ M. crispa and M. crispata. Syrup of Mint. B. Mint, bruised, three parts. Boiling distilled water, fifteen parts. Macerate for several hours, and in ten parts of the strained liquid dissolve Sugar, eighteen parts. Dose, a tablespoonful. Ph. Germ. Infusion of Mint. R. Dried spearmint, three drachms. Boiling water, half a pint. Infuse for fifteen minutes, and strain. Dub. Ph. Sugar, two drachms, Oil of spearmint, three drops, dissolved in Compound tincture of cardamom, half a fl. ounce. To allay nausea, etc. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Dub. Ph. 1826. R. Dried mint, two ounces. Red roses, four scruples. Boiling water, one pint. Diluted sulphuric acid, two fl. drachms. Macerate for half an hour, strain, and add Sugar, one ounce and a half, and dissolve. Guy's Hospital. Compound Infusion of Mint. R. Dried spearmint, two drachms. Boiling water, sufficient to afford hl\ fl. ounces of strained infusion. Add "Water of Spearmint. R. Oil of spearmint, half a fl. drachm. Carbonate of magnesium, one drachm. Water, two pints. Rub the oil with the carbonate, then grad- ually with the water, and filter. Dose, a tablespoonful or more. U. S. Ph. R. Oil of spearmint, one fl. drachm and a half. Water, fifteen pounds. Distil ten pounds, Brit. Ph. Paris Codex directs to distil one part of water from one part of fresh, Ph. Germ, ten parts from one part of dry curled mint, U. S. Ph. fourteen parts from one part of dry spear- mint. Arquebusade Water. R. Dried mint, tt angelica tops, each, one pound. " wormwood, half a pound. Angelica fruit, five ounces. Oil of juniper, half a drachm. Spirit of rose- mary, three pints and a half. Rectified spirit, five gallons. Water, four gallons. Mix, and distil six gallons. Much cele- brated as a vulnerary, for contusions, and for cleansing and healing ulcers and wounds, especially those caused by firearms. Redwood. Essence (Spirit) of Spearmint. R. Oil of spearmint, one fl. ounce. Alcohol, fifteen fl. ounces. Spearmint, two drachms. MENTANTHES. — MEZEEEUM 395 Mix, macerate for twenty-four hours, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to thirty minims. The strength of spirits made with volatile oils, of Brit. Ph., is one measure of the oil to forty-nine measures of alcohol. MENYANTHES. BUCKBEAN. — BOGBEAN. The M. trifoliala, or buckbean, is an aqua- tic herbaceous plant, with ternate leaves, a native of both Europe and North America. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Linn. Sp. PI. 207. Griffith, Med. Bot. 464. All parts of the plant are* medicinal, but the leaves only are employed and are recog- nized by several European pharmacopoeias under the name of Trifolium fibrinum. They are very bitter, but have very little odor. In small doses, the buckbean is tonic and astringent, in large ones cathartic, and even emetic. As a tonic, the dose of the pow- dered leaves, or root, is from twenty to thirty grains. Infusion of Buckbean. R. Buckbean, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours, and strain. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Saunders. Extract of Buckbean. R. Clarified juice of buckbean, Evaporate to the proper consistence. Guibourt. at will. R. Buckbean, cut, one part. Digest first with six, afterwards with three parts of boiling water, each time for six hours ; express, strain, and evaporate. Ph. Germ. Dose, ten to fifteen grains. Compound Pills of Buckbean. R. Extract of buckbean, " valerian, each, two drachms. Soap, half an ounce. Rhubarb, one drachm and a half. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make pills of two grains. Ten, three times a day, in a costive condition of the bowels. Vogel. Mixture of Buckbean, Fumitory, etc. R. Extract of buckbean, } each, " fumitory, > half an " couch grass, ) ounce. Chamomile water, ten fl. ounces. Compound infusion of horseradish, four fl. ounces. Sulphuric acid, half a drachm. Mix. Two tablespoonfuls a day as an an- tiscorbutic. Selle. Bitter Elixir. R. Extract of buckbean, " orange-peel, each, two parts. Peppermint water, Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.92, each, sixteen parts. Spirit of ether, one part. Dissolve and mix. Ph. Germ. Dose, one-half to one teaspoonful. Diuretic Mixture. R. Extract of buckbean, half an ounce. Yinegar of squill, two fl. ounces. Tincture of assafetida, half fl. ounce. Mix. Dose, thirty drops three times a day, as a diuretic. Augustin. MEZEREUM. Mezereon. This is the hark of several species of Daphne; two species of w r hich are officinal in the U. S. Ph., the D. mezereum, and B. gnidium, both shrubs indigenous to Europe; the first being the most generally used. Sex. Syst. Octand. monog. Nat. Syst. Thymelacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 509. Griffith, Med. Bot, 560. The officinal portion is the bark. This, as found in the shops, is in long, narrow strips, of a grayish color and fibrous texture. It is almost inodorous, with a sweetish taste at first, soon becoming extremely acrid. It is used as an external irritant and stimulant, and internally as an alterative diaphoretic. Decoction of Mezereon. R. Mezereon, two drachms. Water, three pints. Boil till reduced to a quart. Add Liquorice root, half an ounce. Strain. Four to eight fl. ounces a day. Thomson. 396 MONARDA. In syphilitic affections, especially when there are night-pains aud eruptions. Compound Decoction of Mezereon. R. Mezereon,, two drachms. Bittersweet, half an ounce. Burdock, two ounces. Water, four pints. Boil down to three pints, and add Liquorice root, two drachms. Strain. In the same cases' as above, and in obstinate diseases of the skin. Van Moris. Extract of Mezereon. R. Mezereon, finely cut, one part. Alcohol, seven parts. Digest for two days, first with four, and then with three parts of alcohol, express, filter, distil, and evaporate to a soft ex- tract. ' Ph. Germ. Ethereal Extract of Mezereon. Macerate the extract obtained by the pre- ceding process from one pound of mezereon, with twenty fl. ounces of ether for twenty- four hours, shaking frequently ; decant the solution, distil and evaporate to a soft ex- tract. Brit. Ph. Fluid Extract of Mezereon. R. Mezereon, in powder, No. 40, sixteen ounces. Stronger alcohol, sufficient. Moisten powder with- six fl. ounces of the alcohol, pack firmly in a percolator, add ten fl. ounces of the alcohol, and macerate for four days ; then displace twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen ; evapo- rate the remaining ten to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. The last three preparations are exces- sively acrid, and are mainly employed in the preparation of ointments and liniments. Mezereon Ointment. R. Fluid extract of mezereon, four fl. ounces. Lard, fourteen troyounces. Yellow wax, two troyounces. Melt lard and wax, add fluid extract, stir until alcohol has evaporated, and after- wards while codling. (7. 8. Ph. R. Extract of mezereon, one part. Wax ointment, nine parts. Mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. Mezereon ointment of Paris Codex is almost identical with the foregoing. Used as a stimulating application to blistered surface, and to indolent ulcers. Plaster of Mezereon and Cantharides. R. Bruised mezereon, ten grammes. " cantharides, thirty grammes. Acetic ether, one hundred grammes. Macerate for eight days, express, filter, and dissolve in the filtrate Sandarac, four grammes. Elemi, Resin, each, two grammes. Spread this solution upon three hundred square centimetres of silk which has been previously coated with a solution of twenty grammes of isinglass. Ph. Germ. MONARDA HORSEMINT. Almost all the species of Monarda are pos- sessed of medicinal properties, but one only is recognized as officinal, the M. punctata. This is a native, perennial, herbaceous plant, with yellow flowers, spotted with brown ; usually growing in sandy soils. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lami- Linn. Sp. PI. 126. Griffith, Med. Bot, 510. The whole plant is aromatic, and abounds in a pungent, volatile oil. It is used in in- fusion, for flatulent, colic, and as an em- menagogue. Oil of Horsemint. R. Fresh horsemint, at will. Water, sufficient. Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the product. Internally, as a carminative, in doses of two or three drops, with sugar and water. Externally, as a rubefacient, in low states of fever, rheumatism, etc. In most causes it must be diluted. Oil of Horsemint Liniment. R. Oil of horsemint, half an ounce. Tincture of camphor, two ounces. Laudanum, two drachms. Mix. As a rubefacient application. Atlee. MONESIA. — MORPHIA 397 MONESIA. MONESIA. This is an extract obtained from the bark of Chrysophyllum glycyphlceum, a tree growing in South America. It is in the form of hard, thick cakes, having at first a sweet taste, which soon becomes astringent and acrid. It is of a dark brown color, fri- able, and soluble in water. It has been used with success in various discharges, es- pecially of a chronic character ; in chronic bronchitis, etc., in doses of two to ten grains, frequently repeated ; also as an application to atonic ulcers. Purified Monesia. R. Monesia, bruised, one pound. Boiling water, six pints. Infuse for twenty-four hours, stirring occa- sionally ; decant, and evaporate by a water- bath. Beasley. Monesia Mixture. R. Monesia, two scruples. Water, seven and a half fl. ounces. Compound tincture of cardamom, half a fl. ounce. Mix, and dissolve. Dose, a tablespoonful. Neligan. Syrup of Monesia. R. Monesia, one drachm. Water, one fl. drachm. Boiling syrup, twelve fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Derosne. R Compound Syrup of Monesia. Hot syrup of monesia, sixteen fl. ounces. Orange-flower water, half a fl. ounce. Extract of poppies, sixteen grains. Mix. As above. Derosne. Tincture of Monesia. R. Monesia, one ounce. Diluted alcohol, nine and a half fl. ounces. Water, two fl. ounces. Macerate, and decant. Donovan. R. Monesia, half an ounce. Alcohol, two fl. ounces. Water, seven and a half fl. ounces. St. Ange. As above. Used in injections ; half a drachm to a drachm, to six fl. ounces of water. Monesia Ointment. R. Monesia, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. Mix. St. Ange. R. Monesia, Water, each, one part. White wax, two parts. Oil of almonds, four parts. Mix. Derosne. As an application to indolent ulcers. MOftA. Mulberries. Two species of Morus produce fruit which appears to have identical properties ; M. nigra, a native of Europe, which is officinal in some foreign pharmacopoeias ; and M. rubra, a native of the United States. Sex. Syst. Moncec. tetrand. Nat. Syst. Mo- racere. Mulberries are refreshing and laxative, and form the basis of a grateful drink in febrile cases. R. Syrup of Mulberries. Mulberry juice, twenty fl. ounces. Sugar, thirty-two ounces. Alcohol, two and a half fl. ounces. Heat the juice to the boiling point, cool, and filter. Dissolve the sugar with a gentle heat, and add the spirit. It should weigh fifty-four ounces, and have the sp. gr. 1.33. Brit. Ph. As an addition to cooling drinks in fever. R, Rob of Mulberries. Strained juice of mulberries, at will. Evaporate to the consistence of honey. Austr. Ph. Used as a detersive application to ulcers, and as an addition to gargles. MORPHIA. Morphia. R. Opium, sliced, twelve troyounces. Distilled water, | each i ■ K i l sufficient. Animal charcoal, ) Water of ammonia, six fl. ounces. Macerate the opium with four pints of the water, for twenty-four hours ; and having worked it with the hand, digest for twenty- four hours, and strain. Operate on the resi- 398 moephij: acetas due twice, in the same manner. Mix the infusions, evaporate to six pints, and filter ; then add five pints of alcohol, and after- wards three fi. ounces of the water of am- monia mixed with half a pint of alcohol. Let rest for twenty-four hours, add the rest of the ammonia, mixed as before, and set aside for twenty-four hours, to crystallize. Purify the crystals by boiling them with two pints of alcohol, till dissolved, and filtering while hot through animal charcoal, and recrystallizing. U. S. Ph. R. Mix a concentrated infusion of opium with milk of lime (in which the lime is one-fourth the weight of the opium used) ; heat the mixture to boiling; filter, while boiling hot, through linen, and add an excess of chlo- ride of ammonium. As it cools, the morphia is precipitated. Molxr- One-eighth of a grain is about equal in power to a grain of opium. Anodyne Solution of Morphia. R. Morphia, one grain. Wine vinegar, two grains. Rectified spirit, twenty grains. Chloroform, eighty grains. Dissolve, and mix. Said to leave no un- pleasant after-effects. Each drop contains 5^ grain of morphia. Brit. Med. Journ. 1867. Pills of Morphia. R. Morphia, one grain. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make six pills. Magendie. Morphia Draught. R. Morphia, a quarter of a grain. Syrup of poppies, one drachm. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Mix. At bedtime. Brera. Injection of Morphia. R. Morphia, two grains. Yolk of egg, one. Oil of chamomile, " poppies, each, one ounce. Mix. To ease pain in earache, and used in acute gonorrhoea and hemorrhoids. Brera. MORPHIJE ACETAS. Acetate of Morphia. R. Powdered morphia, one troyounce. Distilled water, half a pint. Acetic acid, sufficient. Mix the morphia with the water, and drop in the acid, constantly stirring, till the mor- phia is saturated and dissolved. Evaporate to consistence of syrup on a water-bath. Dry by a gentle heat, and powder. U. S. Ph. Dose, one-eighth to a quarter of a grain. Solution of Morphia and Ipecacuanha. R. Acetate of morphia, one scruple. Diluted acetic acid, one fl. drachm. Water, two fl. ounces. Wine of ipecacuanha, four fl. ounces. Diluted alcohol, ten fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, containing about one-sixth of a grain of the acetate, and one grain of ipecacuanha. Compound Powder of Acetate of Morphia. R. Acetate of morphia, one grain. Powdered foxglove, six grains. Extract of pulsatilla, twelve grains. Sugar, one drachm. Mix, and form thirty-six powders. Four a day, in the cough and sleeplessness of con- sumptive patients. Cadet. ■Bolus of Acetate of Morphia. R. Acetate of morphia, one grain, Olive oil, ten drops Crumb of bread, Honey, each, sufficient. Mix, and make six boluses. Brera Troches of Acetate of Morphia. They are to be made of white sugar, so that each contains five milligrammes ( T ^ grain) of acetate of morphia. Ph. Germ. Pills of Acetate of Morphia. R. Acetate of morphia, one grain. Conserve of roses, sixteen grains. Mix, and make eight pills. Mialhe. R. Acetate of morphia, one grain. Golden sulphuret of antimony, Extract of aconite, each, two grains. MORPHINE BIMECONAS.-MORPHIJ1 CITRAS. 399 Powdered liquorice, Honey, each, sufficient. Mix, and make eight pills. Brera. R. Acetate of morphia, one grain. Powdered digitalis, six grains. " camphor, ten grains. " gum Arabic, eight grains. Sj-rup of tolu, sufficient. Beat into mass, and divide into six pills. One may be taken every three hours. A. T. Thomson. R. Acetate of morphia, fifteen grains. Ammonio-sulphate of copper, half a drachm. Inspissated bile, Powdered quassia, each, four scruples. Mix, and make one hundred pills. Five, morning and evening, in diabetes mellitus. Brendt. Solution of Acetate of Morphia. R. Acetate of morphia, sixteen grains. Acetic acid, two fl. drachms. Distilled water, six fl. drachms. Mix. Dose, six to twenty-four drops. Dunglison. R. Acetate of morphia, four grains. Dilute acetic acid, eight minims. Distilled water, six fl. drachms. Rectified spirit, two fl. drachms. Mix. Dose, ten to sixty minims. Brit. Ph. Alcoholic Solution of Acetate of Morphia. R. Acetate of morphia, sixteen grains. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. Cottereau. Syrup of Acetate of Morphia. R. Acetate of morphia, four grains. Dissolve in a small portion of water, and a few drops of acetic acid, and add to Syrup, sixteen troyounces. Pan's Codex. Mixture with Acetate of Morphia. R. Solution of acetate of morphia, twenty drops. Lactucarium, ten grains. Infusion of chamomile, five ounces. Syrup of marsh mallow, half on ounce. Mix. Dose, a spoonful. Beral. Clyster with Acetate of Morphia. R. Starch, one drachm. Hot water, one pint. Acetate of morphia, one grain. Mix. In chronic diarrhoea. Cadet. Ointment of Acetate of Morphia. R. Acetate of morphia, six to eight grains. Lard, one to two drachms. Mix. As a friction 'in violent rheumatic pains. Foy. R. Acetate of morphia, four grains. Mercurial ointment, Simple ointment, each, two drachms. Mix. In frictions on the labia, twice a day, in cancer of the uterus. Hildenbrand. MORPHIA BIMECONAS. BlMECONATE OF MORPHIA. R. Meconic acid, two hundred grains. Boiling water, sufficient. Dissolve, and add Morphia, sufficient to saturate. (About 310 grains.) Evapo- rate to dryness. Squire. Dose, one-fourth of a grain. Solution of Bimeconate of Morphia. R. Bimeconate of morphia, ten grains. Rectified spirit, one fl. drachm. Distilled water, thirteen fl. drachms. Mix. About the strength of laudanum. Beasley. MORPHIA CITRAS. Citrate op Morphia. R. Morphia, sixteen grains. Crystallized citric acid, eight grains. 400 MORPHIA HYDEIODAS. — MORPHIJ1 MURIAS. Distilled water, one ounce, colored with Tincture of cochineal, two drachms. Mix. Dose, six to thirty drops, in the twenty-four hours. Magendie. MORPHINE HYDRIODAS. Hydriodate of Morphia. R. Muriate of morphia, two parts. Iodide of potassium, one part. Make a strong solution of each, and mix ; wash the precipitate in a little cold water, press in bibulous paper, redissolve in hot water, and let crystallize. A. T. Thomson. MORPHINE MURIAS. Muriate of Morphia. R. Morphia, in powder, Distilled water, Muriatic acid. one troyounce. four fl. ounces. sufficient. each, sufficient. Mix the morphia with the water, drop in the acid, constantly stirring, till the morphia is saturated and dissolved. Evaporate by means of a water-bath to crystallization. Dry upon bibulous paper. U. S. Ph. Dose, one-eighth to half a grain. R. Opium, sliced, twelve ounces. Chloride of calcium, three quarters of an ounce. Purified animal charcoal, one quarter ounce. Dilute hydrochloric acid, Water of ammonia, Distilled water, Exhaust the opium by repeated macera- tion with water, evaporate to twenty fl. ounces, and strain ; add the chloride of cal- cium dissolved in four fl. ounces of water, and evaporate until the mixture becomes solid on (•ooling. Express strongly and pre- serve the dark liquid. Triturate the cake with ten ounces of boiling water, filter, and wash residue well ; evaporate the liquids, coo], ;ind express the solid mass again, and, if much colon-d, repeat the same operation again. Now dissolve the cake in six fl. ounces of boiling distilled water, digest with the charcoal fortwenty minutes, filter, wash, and mix with slight exeess of ammonia. Collect tin: morphia, wash well, diffuse in two II. ounces of boiling water, neutralize carefully with the muriatic acid, crystallize, drain, and dry. A small portion of pure morphia may be obtained from the dark liquids expressed as above, by diluting them with water, precipitating with excess of po- tassa, filtering, supersaturating with muri- atic acid, treating with animal charcoal, and precipitating with ammonia. Brit. Ph. Solution of Muriate of Morphia. R. Muriate of morphia, four grains. Diluted hydrochloric acid, eight minims. Rectified spirit, two fl. drachms. Distilled water, six fl. drachms. Mix the acid, spirit, and water, and dis- solve the muriate in the mixture. Brit. Ph. Twenty minims contain one-sixth of a grain of the muriate, equal to about a grain of opium. R. Muriate of morphia, sixteen grs. Distilled water, seven fl. drachms. Alcohol, one fl. drachm. Mix. Dose, six to twenty drops. Cadet. This is of about the same morphia strength as Magendie's solution of sulphate of morphia. Syrup of Muriate of Morphia. R. Muriate of morphia, one grain. Distilled water, two scruples. Syrup, four troyounces. Dissolve in water and mix. Dose, a tea- spoonful. As an expectorant. Paris Codex. Compound Syrup of Muriate of Morphia. R. Muriate of morphia, two grains. Syrup of pinks, ten ounces. u balm, four ounces. " orange flowers, two ounces. Mix. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. Cadet. Mixture of Muriate of Morphia. R. Muriate of morphia, one or two grains. Spirit of chloroform, Compound tincture of car- damom, each, one fluidounce. Mix. Dose, a dessertspoonful at bedtime, in insomnia. Tanner. MORPHIiE NITKAS. MORPHINE SULPHAS. 401 Pills of Muriate of Morphia. R. Muriate of morphia, Milk sugar, each, fifteen grains. Make, with honey, into one hundred pills. and roll them in powdered starch. Paris Codex. Lozenges of Muriate of Morphia. R. Muriate of morphia, one scruple. Tincture of tolu, half a fl. ounce. Powdered sugar, twenty-four ounces. " gum Arabic, one ounce. Dissolve the muriate in half an ounce of water, mix it and the tincture with the sugar and gum previously mixed, beat into a mass with mucilage, and divide into seven hundred and twenty lozenges. Each lozenge contains one-thirty-sixth of a grain of the muriate. Brit. Ph. Lozenges of Muriate of Morphia and Ipecacuanha. R. Made as the last, with the addition of one drachm of ipecacuanha. Dose, one to six lozenges. Brit. Ph. Suppositories of Muriate of Morphia. R. Muriate of morphia, six grains. Benzoinated lard, sixty-four grs. White wax, twenty grains. Oil* of theobroma, ninety grains. Triturate the morphia and lard, add to the melted wax and oil, and make twelve sup- positories. Brit. Ph. MORPHINE NITRAS. Nitrate of Morphia. R. Morphia, at will. Dilute nitric acid, sufficient. Saturate, dissolve, evaporate, and let crys- tallize. Giordano. MORPHIA PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Morphia. Make like the last, using dilute phos- phoric acid instead of niti'ic. 26 R MORPHIiE SULPHaS. Sulphate of Morphia. . Morphia, in powder, Distilled water. one troyounce. half a pint. Diluted sulphuric acid, sufficient. Mix the morphia with the water, drop in the acid, constantly stirring till the morphia is saturated and dissolved. Evaporate on water-bath and let crystallize. Dry crystals on bibulous paper. U. 8. Ph. Dose, one-eighth to half a grain. Bolus of Sulphate of Morphia. R. Sulphate of morphia, two grains Oil of almonds, Sulphate of iron, Crumb of bread, Honey, each, Mix, and make eight boluses. R. Sulphate of morphia, one grain. Ipecacuanha, three grains. Oil of almonds, Extract of aconite, Liquorice powder, Honey, each, Mix, and make six boluses. One, every three or four hours. Brera. sufficient, four grains. sufficient. twelve drops, two grains. sufficient. Pills of Sulphate of Morphia. R. Sulphate of morphia, two grains. Cyanide of potassium, four grains. Mucilage, sufficient. Mix, and make twenty-four pills. One, every six hours, in neuralgia. Rougier. R. Sulphate of morphia, Olive oil, Ipecacuanha, Nux vomica, Crumb of bread, Honey, each, Mix, and make six pills hours. one grain. sufficient. three grains. two grains. sufficient. One, every two Brera. Troches of Morphia and Ipecac. R. Sulphate of morphia, twelve grs. Ipecacuanha, in powder, forty grains. Sugar, ten troy ounces. Oil of gaultheria, five minims. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Rub the powders together, then add the oil and mucilage, and divide into four hundred and eighty troches. U. S. Ph. 402 MORPHINE TARTEAS. MOSCHUS Solution of Sulphate of Morphia. R. Sulphate of morphia, eight grains. Distilled water, half a pint. Dissolve. U. S. Ph. One fl. drachm contains an eighth of a grain. Magendie's Solution. R. Sulphate of morphia, sixteen grains. Distilled water, one ounce. Mix. Dose, six to twenty drops. Magendie. To prevent decomposition, Dr. Chr. Johnston adds three to five drops of sul- phurous acid. Syrup of Sulphate of Morphia. R. Sulphate of .morphia, one grain. Dissolve in a little water, and add to Syrup, four ounces. Each ounce contains one-quarter of a grain of sulphate. Paris Codex. Lotion of Sulphate of Morphia and Borax. R. Sulphate of morphia, six grains. Borax, half an ounce. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. As an application in pruritus vaginae, washing first with tepid soap and water. Suppositories of Morphia. R. Sulphate of morphia, six grains. Oil of theobroma, three hundred and fifty-four grains. Make into twelve suppositories. U. S. Ph. MORPHINE TARTRAS. Tartrate of Morphia. R. Morphia, at will. Saturate with Solution of tartaric acid, sufficient. Evaporate and crystallize. A. T. Thomson. MOSCHUS Musk. This is a peculiar concrete substance ob- tained from the Mbschus moschiferus^ a small animal of the , Acetic acid, ( each, one Liniment of camphor, ) n * ounce * Mix. Brit. Ph. R. Oil of turpentine, three fl. ounces. Acetic acid, five fl. drachms. Rose water, two and a half fl. ounces. Essence of lemon, four fl. scruples. Yolk of egg, one. Mix. As an external embrocation and liniment to phthisis. Stokes. Opiated Turpentine Liniment. R. Oil of turpentine, one fl. ounce. chamomile. Laudanum. two fl. ounces, one fl. drachm. Mix. As a lotion in neuralgia. Recamier. Starkey's Soap. R. Dry carbonate of potassium, Oil of turpentine, Turpentine, equal parts. Mix the potassa with the oil, then add the turpentine, and triturate till the mixture is of the consistence of honey. Used in dropsy and in gonorrhoea. Dose, eight to ten grains. Guibourt. Diuretic Wine. R. Oil of turpentine, two fl. drachms. Lemon juice, one fl. ounce. Wine, four fl. ounces. Mix. For a single dose. Pierquin. OLEUM TIGLII. Croton Oil. This oil is procured, for the most part, from the seed, of the Croton tiglium, but also from those of two or three other spe- cies. They ai-e all natives of India, and the adjoining parts of Asia. The C. tiglium is a moderate-sized shrub, bearing a some- what triangular nut, containing three ovoid seeds, of a reddish-brown color, having an oleaginous kernel, w r hich affords, on pres- sure, the oil in question. Sex. Syst. Monoec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Euphorbiacere. Linn. Sp. PI. 1426. Griffith, Med. Bot. 597. The oil, when pure and fresh, is nearly colorless, or yellowish ; but when kept for some time becomes of a reddish-brown or orange color. It has a faint but peculiar smell, and an acrid and hot taste. It is a powerful hydragogue purgative, and has been much used in dropsy, apoplexy, and visceral obstructions ; when applied exter- nally it causes irritation and inflammation of the skin, followed by a. pustular erup- tion ; and has been successfully employed in rheumatism, neuralgia, and bronchial and pulmonary affections. Dose for an adult, one to two drops. R Bolus of Croton Oil. Croton oil, one drop. Powdered gum Arabic, half a drachm. Syrup of orange flowers, sufficient. Mix, and make four boluses. Two to four to be taken in the morning. Foy. Pills of Croton Oil. R. Croton oil, six drops. Soap, half a drachm. Oil of caraway, eight drops. Powdered liquorice root, sufficient. Mix, and make twelve pills. Dose, one or more. Reece. R. Croton oil six drops. Pills of aloes and myrrh, one drachm and a half. 416 OLEUM TIGLII, Soap, one scruple. Powdered liquorice root, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty pills. Dose, two to three, or more. Copland. R. Croton oil, Crumb of bread, Mix, and make four pills, until they operate. R. Croton oil, Soap, Gam Arabic, Mix, and make four pills. one drop. sufficient. One, every hour, Ellis. two drops. two grains. sufficient. Foy. Compound Croton Oil Pills. R. Powdered scammony, " aloes, each, sixty-four parts. Croton oil, three parts. Alcohol, four parts. Dissolve the oil in the alcohol ; add the solution, gradually, to a mixture of the powders, and beat into a mass. Divide into pills of five grains. One to three for children of fourteen years of age ; three to five for adults. Beral. Pills of Croton Oil and Quinia. R. Croton oil soap, three grains. Sulphate of quinia, one drachm. Extract of dandelion, sufficient. Mix, and make twenty pills. One for a dose. Caventou. Pills of Croton Oil and Blue Mass. R. Croton oil soap, three grains. Extract of henbane, Blue mass, each, twenty -four grains. Oil of pimento, twelve minims. Mix, and make twelve pills. Two at bed- time. Neligan. R Lozenges of Croton Oil. Vanilla chocolate, two drachms. Sugar, one drachm. Starch, one scruple. Croton oil, five drops. Mix, and make thirty lozenges. Soubeiran. Soap of Croton Oil. R. Croton oil, two parts. Solution of caustic soda, one part. Mix ; put into paper moulds ; in a few days slice, and keep in well-stopped bottles. Dose, one to three grains, in pills. Foy. Tincture of Croton Oil. R. Croton oil, sixteen drops. Alcohol, one ounce. Macerate for six or eight days, and filter. Dose, fifteen to twenty-five drops. Soubeiran. R. Croton oil, four drops. Tincture of myrrh, one fl. ounce. Mix, digest, and filter. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Bateman. R. Croton oil, Alcohol, Mix, digest, and filter, fl. drachm. eight drops. one fl. ounce. Dose, half to one Nirnmo. Emulsion of Croton Oil. R. Croton oil, three drops. Almond oil, half a fl. ounce. Powdered gum Arabic, two drachms. Triturate well, and gradually add Syrup of orange flowers, one fl. ounce. Chamomile water, five fl. ounces. A tablespoonful every two hours, till it operates. Phoebus. R. Croton oil, Yolk of egg^ Orange-flower water, Mint water, each, Make an emulsion. one drop, two drachms. one ounce. Foy. Mixture of Croton Oil. R. Croton oil, one or two drops. Mucilage of gum Arabic, Distilled water, each, one fl. ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, until it operates. Ellis. R. Croton oil, two drops. White sugar, two drachms. Gum Arabic, half a drachm. Tincture of cardamom, half a fl. drachm. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Mix. Dose, two dessertspoonfuls every three or four hours. As it is agreeable to the taste, it is suited to children, but in smaller doses. Be'ral. OPIUM. 417 R. Tincture of croton oil, twentj'-five drops. Mucilage of gum Arabic, one drachm. Water, one ounce. Mix. In the morning, fasting. Foy. Saponaceous Solution of Croton Oil. R. Croton oil, eight drops. Potassa, six grains. Distilled water, two fl. drachms. Mix. From three to six drops may be given for a dose. Ellis. Liniment of Croton Oil. B. Croton oil, one fl. ounce. Oil of cajeput, Rectified spirit, each, three and a half fl. ounces. Mix. Brit Ph. R. Croton oil, Olive oil, Mix. one part. five parts. Pereira. B. Croton oil, one fl. drachm. Oil of turpentine, one fl. ounce. Mix. Corrigan. B. Croton oil, four drops. Carbonate of sodium, ten grains. Spirit of mint, half an ounce. In friction, in rheumatism. Foy. B. Croton oil, Solution of potassa, each, half fl. drachm. Rose water, two fl. ounces. Mix. To be used twice a day till pustules appear. J. Allen. Embrocation of Croton Oil. B. Croton oil, twenty minims. Tartar emetic, one scruple. Solution of potassa, one fl. drachm. Water, eight fl. drachms. Mix. To keep up a mild eruption on the skin. Morris. Ointment of Croton Oil. R. Croton oil, fifteen minims. Lard, half an ounce. Mix. Niemeyer. Cerate of Croton Oil. R. Lard, two and a half parts. Wax, half a part. Mix together, and when nearly cold, mix with them Croton oil, one part. Caventou. R. Soap cerate, four parts. Melt, and when semifluid, add Croton oil, one part. Beasley. Plaster of Croton Oil. R. Lead plaster, four parts. Melt, and when nearly cold, add Croton oil, one part. Spread on linen, for an adhesive and irri- tating plaster. Boucliardat. R. Lead plaster, eighty parts. Melt, and when nearly cold, add Croton oil, twenty parts. To be spread as above. A very active counter-irritant. Bouchardat. Ointment of Croton Oil. R. Croton oil, ten minims. Lard, half an ounce. Mix. Ainslie. OPIUM Opium. Opium is the inspissated juice obtained from the unripe capsules of the Papaver som- niferum by incision and spontaneous evapo- ration ; it presents many varieties, as the Turkey or Smyrna, the East Indian or Ben- gal, the Persian, etc. ; of which the first is the best, and affords the largest proportion of morphia. Opium contains various peculiar princi- ples, several of which are officinal, and are treated of under their respective titles. Turkey opium is in flattened, rounded masses, of half a pound to two pounds in weight, covered externally with the seed- vessels of some species of dock. The tex- ture is soft ; the color is pale brown ; the odor is strong and narcotic, and the taste bitter and acrid. When completely dried at 212°, it should contain ten per cent, of morphia. Opium is stimulant, in small and repeated doses, narcotic in large ; and also antispas- modic, diaphoretic, sedative, and anodyne. It is used to fulfil a variety of indications ; to procure sleep, to lull pain, to check mor- bid discharges, to alleviate cough, etc. The medium dose is one grain, but in spasm, etc., it is given in much larger doses. 418 OPIUM. Extract of Opium. (Aqueous.) Opium, twelve troyounces. Water, five pints. Cut the opium into small fragments, ma- cerate it for twenty-four hours in a pint of water, triturate to a soft mass, and express ; add another pint of water to the residuum, macerate for twenty-four hours, and again express ; repeat this process till all the water has been used. Filter the several infusions, unite them, and evaporate on a water-bath to due consistence. U. S. Ph. Dose, half to one grain. Liquid Extract of Opium. R. Extract of opium, one ounce. Distilled water, sixteen fl. ounces. Rectified spirit, four fl. ounces. Dissolve the extract in the water by ma- ceration, add the spirit, and filter. Dose, ten to thirty minims. Brit. Ph. Extract of Opium. (Aqueo-Alcoholic.) R. Opium, one part. Alcohol, four parts. Cut the opium in small pieces, and digest it in the alcohol for two days, at a gentle heat ; express, and treat the residue with four parts of warm water ; express, unite the solutions, and evaporate to due con- sistence. Taddei. Extract of Opium. (Acetous.) R. Opium, one ounce. Distilled vinegar, two pints. Cut the opium into small pieces, digest in the vinegar for two days, on a sand-bath, stirring from time to time, decant, filter, and evaporate to due consistence. Soubeiran. Extract of Opium. (Alcoholic.) R. Opium, at will. Alcohol, sufficient. Reduce the opium to small pieces, digest in the alcohol in a closed vessel, by a gen- tle heat, often stirring, filter, and distil off the alcohol, till the residue is of due con- nee. Antwerp Ph. Extract of Opium. (Vinous.) R. Opium, one part. White wine, four parts. Reduce the opium to small pieces, macerate it in the wine for twenty-four hours, occa- sionally stirring ; express. Macerate the residue in two more parts of wine, and ex- press ; unite the solutions, and evaporate to proper consistence. Paris Codex. Extract of Opium. (Denarcotized.) R. Aqueous extract of opium, at will. Rub it with a little water, put it in a flask, add sulphuric ether, agitate, and decant; repeat the process with other portions of ether, as long as anything is taken up, and evaporate the residuum to a pilular con- sistence. Robiquet. R. Aqueous extract of opium, four parts. Resin, one part. Beat together, and add Boiling water, sixteen parts. Boil till reduced one-half, add as much cold water as has been boiled away, filter, and evaporate. Lirnosin. — Lamothe. Extract of Opium. (By Fermentation.) R. Opium, one part. Water, eight parts. Mix, and add Yeast, sufficient. Let ferment for a week, at a temperature of 68° to 70° ; then dilute with water, filter, boil till all vinous odor is dissipated, and evaporate to proper consistence. Deyeux. Extract of Opium. (Roasted.) R. Powdered opium, one part. Heat it on a flat dish, over a moderate fire, constantly stirring, as long as fumes are given off- Treat it twice with six times its weight of cold water, filter, and evapo- rate. Guibourt. The last three forms of extract, whilst containing the full proportion of morphia, are deprived of the irritating and virose principles of opium. Deodorized Tincture of Opium. (Elixir of Opium.) R. Opium, dried, and in powder, No. 50, two troyounces and a half. Ether, Alcohol, each, half a pint. Water, sufficient. OPIUM. 419 Macerate the opium in half a pint of water for twenty-four hours, and express ; mace- rate the dregs twice, successively, in eight fl. ounces of water; mix, and strain the liquors ; evaporate to four fl. ouuces, and agitate several times with the ether. Sepa- rate the ether, evaporate the liquid until the ether has been completely expelled ; mix with twenty fl. ounces of water, filter, add sufficient water to make the filtrate measure a pint and a half, and add the alcohol. U. S. Ph. About the same strength as laudanum. Dose, twenty-five drops. Compound Powder of Opium and Chalk. R. Powdered opium, six grains. " cinnamon, one drachm. " long pepper, eight grains. Prepared chalk, one drachm and a half. Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, three or four times a day. In diarrhoea. Ellis. Powder of Roasted Opium. R. Powdered opium, at will. Put it in a flat dish ; moisten it with white wine, expose to a moderate heat, coustantly stirring till it is perfectly dry ; repeat the operation till the opium is one-half reduced, moisten with vinegar, and rub into paste ; dry, and pulverize. As an astringent in hemorrhages and mucous discharges, in doses of one or two grains, with some bitter extract. Giordano. Compound Powder of Opium. R. Powdered opium, one ounce and a half. pepper, two ounces. " ginger, five ounces. caraway, six ounces. " tragacanth, half an ounce. Mix thoroughly, and pass through a fine sieve. Dose, one to five grains. Brit. Ph. Powder of Opium, Camphor, etc. R. Powdered opium, ten grains. " camphor, two scruples. Carbonate of ammonium, four scruples. Starch. fifteen grains. Mix, and make eight powders. One, every hour or two, as an antispasmodic. Swediaur. Powder of Opium and Nitre. R. Powdered opium, four grains. " nitre, Sugar of milk, each, one drachm and a half. Mix, and make six powders. As an anti- spasmodic. Phoebus. Powder of Opium and Sulphur. R. Powdered opium, " camphor, each, two grains. " sulphur, u sugar, each, half a drachm. Mix, and make four powders. One, every three hours, in lead colic. Hildebrand. Powder of Opium and Musk. R. Powdered opium, two grains. Musk, five grains,, Magnesia, four grains. Sugar of milk, ten grains. Mix. To be taken every two to four hours, in delirium tremens. Vogt. Powder of Opium and Antimony. R. Dover's powder, James's powder, each, four grains. Mix. To be taken every four hours, in obstinate rheumatic pains. Brera. Pills of Opium. R. Powdered opium, twenty-four grains. Soap, six grains. Beat into a mass with water, and divide into twenty-four pills. U. S. Ph. Pills of Opium, Henbane, and Hemlock. R. Powdered opium, four grains. Extract of henbane, " hemlock, each, fifteen grains. Mix, and divide into ten pills. One at night, when an anodyne is required. Ellis. Pills of Opium and Sulphuret of Antimony. R. Extract of opium, ten grains. Precip. sulphuret of antimony, twelve grains. 420 OPIUM. [Nitrate of potassium, twenty- four grains. S} " nutmeg, " cardamom, J Syrup of orange flowers, sufficient. Mix, and make pills of three grains. Known as Oriental Pills, and considered to be aphrodisiac. One to three, at bed- time. Cadet. Pills of Opium and Camphor. R. Extract of opium, three grains. Camphor, six grains. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make six pills. One to three a day, as an anodyne and antispasmodic. Fay. Pills of Opium and Butter of Cacao. R. Butter of cacao, Powdered gum Arabic, each, forty-eight grains. Extract of opium, twelve grains. Syrup of ipecacuanha, sufficient. Mix, and make pills of five grains. One in the evening, as an anodyne and expecto- rant. Petit. Mix, and make four pills. Two a day, in painful mucous discharges from the urethra or vagina. Foy. Pills of Opium and Musk. R. Extract of opium, twelve grains. " valerian, Musk, each, twenty-four grains. Mix, and make sixteen pills. One, then two, then three a day, in hysteria. Foy. Pills of Opium and Sulphate of Zinc. U. Extract of opium, one grain. Sulphate of zinc, four grinns. Pills of Opium, Hemlock, and Calomel. R. Extract of opium, eighteen grains. " hemlock, one drachm. Calomel, thirty-six grains. Syrup of mallow, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty-six pills. Two to six a day, as an alterative and sedative, in organic affections. Foy. R. Opium, four grains. Calomel, six grains. Tartar emetic, one grain. Extract of hemlock, one scruple. Mix, and make eight pills ; two to be taken at bedtime, in rheumatic pains. Brande. Syrup of gum, sufficient, Pills of Opium and Acetate of Lead. R. Acetate of lead, thirty-six grains. Powdered opium, six grains. Confection of roses, six grains. Mix well. Dose, three to five grains. Brit. Ph. R. Extract of opium, one grain. Acetate of lead, four grains. Powdered henbane, eight grains. Mix, and make eight pills. One, morning and evening, in epilepsy. Recamier. R. Acetate of lead, twenty-four grains. Powdered opium, three grains. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make twelve pills. One every three hours, in hemorrhages, dysentery, and cholera. Chapman. Pills of Opium and Acetate of Mercury. R. Extract of opium, Acetate of mercury, Camphor, each, twelve grains. Syrup of poppies, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty pills. One, morning and evening, in syphilis. Carmichael. Pills of Opium, Nitrate of Silver, etc. R. Extract of opium, sevent3 r -two grains. Nitrate of silver, six grains. OPIUM. 421 Musk, forty-eight grains. Camphor, ninety-six grains. Mix, and make ninety-six pills. One> morning and evening, gradually increasing the dose, in epilepsy, paralysis, etc. Foy. Pills of Opium, Castor, etc. R, Opium, half a grain. Castor, six and a half grains. Powdered digitalis, one grain. Syrup, sufficient. Make two pills. One to be taken twice or thrice a day. In spasmodic asthma and dyspnoea. A. T. Thomson. Pills of Opium and Liquorice. R. Powdered opium, ten grains. Extract of liquorice, one drachm. Mix, and make eighty pills. One, occa- sionally, as an expectorant. Wirt. Ph. Confection of Opium. R. Powdered opium, two hundred and seventy grains. Aromatic powder, six troy ounces. Clarified honey, fourteen troj^ounces. Eub the opium with the aromatic powder, add the honey, and beat together till thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. R. Compound powder of opium, one hundred and ninety-two grains. Syrup, one fl. ounce. Mix. Brit. Ph. As a stimulant narcotic, in atonic gout, flatulent colic, etc. It contains one grain of opium in thirty-six grains of the mass. R. Powdered catechu, four ounces. " kino, three ounces. " nutmeg, " cinnamon, each, one ounce. Opium, dissolved in wine, one drachm and a half. Syrup of red roses, twenty-seven ounces. Mix. Each drachm contains rather less than half a grain of opium. Soubeiran. Anti-Odontalgic Mass. R. Opium, two grains. White wax, two drachms. Mastich, one drachm. Oil of almonds, three drachms. " cloves twelve drops. Cochineal, eight grains. Rub into a uniform mass. To fill carious teeth. Clarus. R. Opium, five grains. Oil of cloves, three drops. Extract of henbane, five grains. " belladonna, ten grains. Powdered pellitory, sufficient. Mix, and make a consistent mass. Used as above. Rust. Odontalgic Pills. R. Powdered opium, "1 each, " belladonna five root, grammes Powdered pellitory, (77 grs.). Yellow wax, seven grammes (108 grains). Expressed oil of almonds, two grammes (31 grains). Oil of cloves, " cajeput, each, fifteen drops. Triturate in a warm mortar to form a pill mass, and divide into four hundred and eighty pills, each weighing five centi- grammes (three-quarter grain) ; roll them in powdered cloves. Ph. Germ. Balsam for the Toothache. R. Opium, one scruple. Oil of turpentine, one drachm and a half. Oil of cloves, " cajeput, each, half a drachm. Balsam of Peru, two drachms. Mix. Beasley. R. Opium, Camphor, each, two scruples. Dissolve in a little alcohol, and add Oil of cloves, one drachm. " nutmeg, six drachms. Guaiacum, two drachms. Mix. Van Mons. Odontalgic Drops R. Wine of opium, Hoffmann's anody Oil of peppermint Mix. In frictions on the cheek, and ap- plied to carious teeth, on cotton. Dobberan. ) odyne, V int, ) equal parts. 422 OPIUM Toothache Drops. R. Opium, Camphor, each, ten grains. Alcohol, sufficient. Oil of cloves, " cajeput, each, one drachm. Mix. Copland. Antidysenteric Opiate. R. Purified opium, four grains. Ipecacuanha, half a drachm. Tormentilla, one drachm. Syrup of whortleberries, Conserve of red roses, each, six drachms. Mix. Dose, one drachm, every hour. Ouarin. Plaster of Opium. R. Extract of opium, one troyounce. Burgundy pitch, three troy ounces. Lead plaster, twelve troyounces. Water, three fl. ounces. Mix extract with water, evaporate to a fl. ounce and a half, add to the pitch and plaster previously melted together, stir until moisture has evaporated, and cool. U. 8. Ph. R. Opium, in fine powder, one ounce. Resin plaster, nine ounces. Melt the plaster, gradually add the powder, and mix thoroughly. Brit. Ph. R. Elemi, eight parts. Common turpentine, fifteen parts. Yellow wax, five parts. Melt by a moderate heat, strain, and add Powdered olibanum, eight parts. " benzoin, four parts. " opium, two parts. Balsam of Peru, one part. Mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. As an application in rheumatic and other pains. Plaster of Opium and Camphor. R. Powdered opium, ) , """W drachm Laudanum, to make a plaster. soap, sufficient Ellis. R. Opium, Camphor, each, half a drachm. Lead plaster, sufficient. Melt and mix. For local pains. Parts. Plaster of Opium and Galbanum. R. Opium, one drachm. Simple plaster, two ounces. Galbanum, one ounce. Oil of caraway, two drachms. Melt the last three ingredients, and add the opium. As an application to the ab- domen, in flatulent colic, diarrhoea, and dysentery. Swediaur. Liniment of Opium. R. Tincture of opium, Liniment of soap, each, two fl. ounces. Mix. Brit. Ph. As an embrocation in rheumatic pains, sprains, etc. Opiate Liniment. R. Olive oil, two fl. ounces. Tincture of opium, two fl. drachms. Solution of subacetate of lead, half a fl. ounce. Mix. Ellis. R. Ether, five fl. drachms. Spirit of camphor, five fl. ounces. Laudanum. one fl. ounce. Mix. As an embrocation in flatulent colic. Ainslie. R. Tincture of opium, Simple ointment, each, one part. Camphorated oil, eight parts. Mix. As an embrocation in rheumatism, toothache, earache, etc. Paris Codex. R. Laudanum, ) each, three Hoffmann's anodyne, V fl _ dr ' aehms _ Glycerin, ) Extract of belladonna, twenty grains. Mix. Apply upon flannel, and cover with oiled silk, in neuralgic affections. Fuller. Liniment of Laudanum and Lime Water. R. Tincture of opium, two fl. drachms and a half. Lime wat3r, one fl. ounce. Oil of almonds, two fl. ounces. Mix. To be applied on lint, four times a day, on painful syphilitic pustules. Phoebus. OPIUM 423 Liniment of Opium and Oil of Chamomile. B. Opium, Oil of chamomile, each, half a drachm. M almonds, two drachms. Mix. As a friction around the eyes, in spasm of the eyelids. Wetter. Anti-Otitic Mixture. B. Opium, four grains. Saffron, Myrrh, Juice of mallow, Oil of almonds, Triturate well together, and strain. As an injection into the ear, in pain in that organ. Pierquin. ten grains. half a drachm. half an ounce. two ounces. Laudanum Ointment. B. Tincture of opium, one drachm. Spermaceti ointment, two ounces. Mix. As an application, morning and evening, to painful hemorrhoids. Brera. Anodyne Ointment. R. Syrup of opium, Lard, Essence of roses, Mix. For chapped lips. one ounce. three ounces. four drops. Pierquin. B. Extract of opium, • "Water, each, one part. Simple ointment, eighteen parts. Mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. R. Opium, half a drachm. Extract of hemlock, one drachm. Basilicon ointment, half an ounce. Mix. As an application to gangrenous ulcers. Cams. B. Opium, Alum, Lard, Mix. In the atonic buboes. ten grains. fifteen grains. half an ounce. treatment of ulcerated, Simon. Ointment of Opium and Tar. B. Powdered opium, two drachms. Tar ointment, one ounce. Mix. As an application to hemorrhoids. Ellis. Cerate of Opium. B. Extract of opium, Distilled water, each, one part. Dissolve and add Galien's cerate, ninety-eight parts. Mix well. Paris Codex. B. Opium, Yolk of egg, Mix well, and add Simple cerate, Triturate well together. ten grains. one. one ounce. Lagneau. Syrup of Opium. R. Extract of opium, two parts. Water, eight parts. Syrup, nine hundred and ninet/y parts. Dissolve the opium in the water, filter, and add to the syrup. Paris Codex. The syrup of Ph. Germ, is of just one- half this strength. B Succinated Syrup of Opium. Syrup of opium, one ounce. Spirit of amber, two grains. Mix. Soubeiran. Anodyne Collyrium. B. Extract of opium, ten grains. Camphor, six grains. Boiling water, twelve fl. ounces. Rub the opium and camphor together, and add the water, and strain. Ellis. B. Extract of opium, four grains. Rose water, four troyounces. Dissolve, and strain. Paris Codex. R Collyrium of Wine of Opium. Decoction of flaxseed, four ounces. Saffron, one drachm. Wine of opium, one drachm. Macerate the saffron in the flaxseed decoc- tion, strain, and add the wine of opium. Foy. B . Acetate of copper, three grains. Dissolve in Rose water, eight fl. ounces, and add Wine of opium, one fl. drachm. In chronic ophthalmia. Foy. 424 OPIUM Opium Fomentation. R. Extract of opium, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Dissolve, and strain. As a fomentation in pruriginous affections. Radius. Fomentation of Wine of Opium. R. Opium, one ounce. Wine, two pints. Boil down to one pint. As an anodyne application, in gouty and rheumatic pains, Pierquin. etc Injection of Opium. R. Opium, twelve grains. Solution of subacetate of lead, twelve drops. Water, nine ounces. Mix. As an injection in gonorrhoea. Girtenner. R. Extract of opium, six grains. " belladonna, one drachm and a half. Decoction of wild lettuce, one pound. Dissolve. As an injection in neuralgia, and hemorrhage of the urethra and vagina. Toy. R. Extract of opium, one and a half grains. Distilled water, five fl. drachms. Dissolve. As an injection in coryza, and other inflammations of the nasal mucous membrane. Deschamps. He directs one nostril to be closed by the finger, and the liquid to be drawn .up into the other, etc. Clyster of Opium. R. Tincture of opium, half a fl. drachm. Mucilage of starch, two fl. ounces. Mix. Brit. Ph. R. Powdered opium, two grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, half a fl. ounce. Tepid milk, two fl. ounces. Mix. Ellis. R. Flaxseed, one ounce. Boiling water, six ounces. Infuse for an hour, strain, and add Extract of opium, two grains. Dissolve. Spielmann. Clyster of Laudanum and Valerian. R. Tincture of opium, five to six drops. Infusion of valerian, three ounces. Mix. In spasms, in children. Swediaur. Suppositories of Opium. R. Extract of opium, twelve grains. Oil of theobroma, three hundred and forty-eight grains. Rub the extract of opium with a little water into a smooth paste, then mix inti- mately with sixty grains of cacao butter, incorporate with the remainder, and make twelve suppositories. U. S. Ph. Suppositories of Lead and Opium. R. Acetate of lead, in very fine powder, thirty-six grains. Extract of opium, six grains. Oil of theobroma, three hundred and twenty grains. Water, sufficient. Proceed as above, for making twelve sup- positories. U. S. Ph. The compound lead suppositories, Brit. Ph., contain three grains acetate of lead and one grain of powdered opium each. Linctus with Opium. R. Extract of opium, one grain. " Peruvian bark, * four grains. Camphor, six grains. Sugar, one drachm. White linctus, four ounces. Mix. violent. In bronchitis when the cough is Foy. Mixture of Opium and Lime Water. R. Extract of opium, one grain. Lime water, Oil of almonds, each, three fl. drachms. Mix. For the treatment of sore nipples, to be applied on dossils of lint. Sibergundi. "Water of Opium. R. Opium, in small pieces, one part. Water, ten parts. Macerate, and distil five parts. It is given to children in the dose of one drachm in syrup. Ph. Germ. OPIUM. 425 Muriate of Opium. R. Powdered opium, one ounce. Muriatic acid, one ounce. Distilled water, twenty ounces. Mix, and shake the mixture, frequently, tor fourteen days, strain, and filter. Dose, from twenty to forty drops. Said not to cause headache. Nichol. Vinegar of Opium. Black Drop. R. Opium, dried, in powder, No. 40, five troyounces. Nutmeg, in powder, No. 40, one troyounce. Sugar, eight troj-ounces. Diluted acetic acid, sufficient. Macerate powders in a pint of the acid for twenty-four hours, put into a glass perco- lator, return the liquid until it passes through clear, displace altogether twenty- six fl. ounces, in this dissolve the sugar, strain, and add sufficient diluted acetic acid to make two pints. U. S. Ph. Dose, about six minims or ten drops, which are nearly equivalent to one grain of opium. R. Opium, two ounces. Nutmegs, grated, three drachms. Saffron, one drachm. Distilled vinegar, one pound. Boil together for a quarter of an hour, then add an ounce of sugar, and half an ounce of yeast ; let this mixture ferment for six weeks, strain, and evaporate to four fl. ounces. (Sp. gr. 1.2.) One ounce is equi- valent to half an ounce of opium. Dose, one or two drops. Codex, Hamb. 1845. Lancaster Black Drop. R. Opium, half a pound. Verjuice, three pints. Bruised nutmeg, one ounce and a half. Saffron, half an ounce. Boil to a proper consistence; add two ounces of yeast, and let stand in a warm place for six or eight weeks, and then in the open air till of the consistence of syrup, then decant, filter, and bottle; adding a little sugar to each bottle. Dose, six to ten drops. Armstrong. Houlton's Black Drop. R. Opium, two ounces and a half. Diluted acetic acid, thirty-two ounces. Digest for six days with a gentle heat, filter, and evaporate to an extract; macerate in Rectified spirit, five fl. ounces, Distilled water, thirty-five ounces, for eight days, and filter. Beaaley. About the strength of laudanum. Guy's Hospital Black Drop. R. Powdered opium, eight ounces. Juice of crab apples, two pints.. Boil gently for half an hour, decant, and boil residue with one pint more of the juice, for a quarter of an hour ; express and strain ; mix the two liquors, and add Bruised nutmeg, one ounce. Saffron, half an ounce. Yeast, half a fl. ounce. Ferment for some days ; macerate for four- teen days ; filter, and evaporate by a water- bath to the consistence of thin syrup. Dose, two to ten minims. Beasley. Rousseau's Black Drop. R. Opium, four ounces. Honey, twelve ounces. Hot water, five pounds. Yeast, two drachms. Dissolve the opium and honey separately in the hot water, mix, and add the yeast ; keep at about 86° F. for a month ; express ; filter, distil off sixteen ounces, and evaporate residue to ten ounces ; add to it four and a half ounces of strong spirit ; mix, and fil- ter. Seven drops are equivalent_to one grain of opium. Porter's Black Drop. R. Opium, four ounces. Citric acid, two ounces. Beat together in a mortar, and add Boiling distilled water, one pint. Triturate well together, let stand for twenty-four hours, and filter. Dose, from six to twenty-four drops. Redwood. Acetated Tincture of Opium. R. Powdered opium, two troyounces. Distilled vinegar, twelve fl. ounces. Alcohol, half a pint. Bub the opium with the vinegar, then add the alcohol, macerate for seven days, express, and filter through paper. Dose, ten minims or twenty drops, which are equivalent to a grain of opium. U.S. Ph. 426 OPIUM Mixture -with Black Drop. B. Houlton's black drop, ten drops. Spirit of nitrous ether, half a drachm. Distilled water, one ounce. Mix. To be taken at once. Foy. Sedative Mixture. B. Opium, two grains. Distilled vinegar, half an ounce. Plantain water, six ounces. Syrup of white poppy, one ounce. Mix, and filter. In spoonful doses, in haemoptysis with spasms. Pierquin. Wine of Opium. B. Opium, in powder, No. 50, two troy ounces. Cinnamon, in powder, No. 50, Cloves, in powder, No. 50, each, sixty grains. Sherry wine, sufficient. Macerate powders with fifteen fl. ounces of wine for seven days, transfer to a conical percolator, and, with sherry wine, displace one pint. U. S. Ph. Eight minims are equivalent to one grain of opium. B. Extract of opium, one ounce. Cinnamon, bruised, Cloves, bruised, each, seventy-five grains. Sherry wine, twenty fl. ounces. Macerate for seven days, and filter. Brit. Ph. Twenty minims contain one grain of ex- tract of opium. R. Extract of opium, two ounces. Cinnamon water, ten ounces. Alcohol, two ounces. White wine, four ounces. Mix, and macerate for four days, and filter. Brugnatelli. About twice the strength of the preced- ing. Dose, ten to fifteen drops. Laudanum of Sydenham. B. Opium, two ounces. S.'ilIVon, one ounce. Bruised cinnamon, " cloves, each, one drachm. Sherry wine, one pint. [nfufle them together in a bath-heat for two or three days, till the tincture becomes of a due consistence, and after straining it off, set it by for use. Dose, sixteen or eighteen drops. Rush's Sydenham, p. 155. Tincture of Opium and Saffron. B. Powdered opium, sixteen parts. Saffron, six parts. Powdered cloves, " cinnamon, each, one part. Sherry wine, one hundred and fifty-two parts. Digest for a week, express, and filter. Ten grains represent one grain of opium. Ph. Germ. Mixture of Opium and Cinnamon Water. B. Powdered opium, ten grains. Sugar, one drachm. Cinnamon water, six fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, in tetanus and colica pictonum. Ellis. Mixture of Opium and Syrup of Poppies. B. Opium, two to three grains. Syrup of poppies, one ounce. Chamomile water, six ounces. Mix. A spoonful every half hour, in dys- entery. Swediaur. Mixture of "Wine of Opium. B. Wine of opium, ten drops. Cinnamon water, one ounce. Balm water, two ounces. Tincture of castor, twenty drops. Syrup of opium, half an ounce. Mix. In spoonful doses, in uterine colic. Augustin. B. Cascarilla, Columbo, each, two drachms. Boiling water, sufficient to obtain seven ounces of strained infusion. Add to this Wine of opium, Ether, each, twenty drops. To be taken by degrees, in chronic diar- rhoea. Br era. Tincture of Opium. Laudanum. B. Opium, dried, in powder, No. 50, two troyounces and a half. Water, Alcohol, each, half a pint. OPIUM. 427 Macerate opium in the water for three days, add the alcohol, and again macerate for ' three days ; introduce into a percola- tor, and, with diluted alcohol, displace two pints. U. S. Ph. Dose, thirteen minims, or twenty-five drops, equivalent to a grain of opium. The tincture of Brit. Ph. is of about the same strength. R. Powdered opium, four parts. Alcohol, sp. gr. .892, Distilled water, each, nineteen parts. Digest for a week, express, and filter. Ten grains are equivalent to one grain of opium. Ph. Germ. Tincture of Extract of Opium. R. Extract of opium, one part. Alcohol, of 60 pr. ct., twelve parts. Dissolve, and filter. Paris Codex. Battley's Sedative Drops. R. Hard extract of opium, Boiling distilled water. three ounces. thirty ounces. Dissolve, filter when cold, and add Rectified spirit, six ounces, and water sufficient to make up two pints. Cooley. Dose, twenty drops. Smith's Concentrated Laudanum. R. Denarcotized opium, four ounces. Dissolve in alcohol, filter, evaporate to con- sistence of an extract, redissolve in water, and evaporate the filtered solution to twelve ounces ; add Rectified spirit, twenty-two drachms. Distilled water, sufficient to make up sixteen ounces. Dose, three to five drops. Beasley. Compound Tincture of Opium. R. Extract of liquorice, Opium, each, half an ounce. Carbonate of potassium, one drachm. Water, three pints. Boil down to one pint, filter, and evaporate to twelve ounces ; then add Spirit of pimento, five fl. ounces. Powdered cochineal, half a drachm. Let rest for some time, and filter. Med.-Chirurg. Rev. Compound Tincture of Opium and Capsicum. (Diarrhoea Mixture.) R. Tincture of opium, " capsicum Spirit of camphor, each, one fl. ounce. Mix. Pure chloroform, three fl. drachms. Alcohol, sufficient for five fl. ounces. Dose, a fluidrachm, in water. Squibb. Ammoniated. Tincture of Opium. R. Opium, in coarse powder, one hundred grains. Saffron, cut small, Benzoic acid, each, one hundred and eighty grains. Oil of anise, one fl. drachm. Strong water of ammo- nia, four fl. ounces. Rectified spirit, sixteen fl. ounces. Macerate for seven days, express, filter, and add spirit to make twenty fl. ounces. Brit. Ph. Also called Scotch paregoric. Eighty minims should contain one grain of opium. Camphorated Tincture of Opium. Paregoric. R. Powdered opium, Benzoic acid, each, one drachm. Oil of anise, one fl. drachm. Clarified honey, two ounces. Camphor, two scruples. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. Half a fl. ounce contains rather less than a grain of opium. Dose, for an infant, five to twenty drops ; for an adult, one to two fl. drachms. This is the compound tincture of cam- phor of Brit. Ph., and the benzoated tinc- ture of opium of Ph. Germ. Bateman's Pectoral Drops. R. Diluted alcohol, four gallons. Rasped red saunders, two ounces. Digest for twenty-four hours, filter, and add 428 OPIUM Powdered opium, } each u catechu, >• , ' )f two ounces. Camphor, ) Oil of anise, four fl. drachms. Digest for ten days. About as strong as camphorated tincture of opium, or two grains of opium to the fl. ounce. Phil. Coll. Ph. Godfrey's Cordial. R. Tincture of opium, one pint and a half. Sugar-house molasses, sixteen pints. Alcohol, two pints. Water, twenty-six pints. Carbonate of potassium, two ounces and a half. Oil of sassafras, four fl. drachms. Dissolve the carbonate of potassium in the water ; add the molasses ; heat over a gen- tle fire, till they simmer ; remove the scum ; add the laudanum and oil of sassafras, pre- viously mixed together. Phil. Coll. Ph. Contains rather more than one grain of opium to the fl. ounce. Compound Pills of Soap. R. Powdered opium, sixty grains. Powdered soap, half a troyounce. Beat with water into a pilular mass. Dose, three to five grains. U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. Tincture of Opium and Soap. R. Opium, half an ounce. Soap, two ounces. Alcohol, sixteen ounces. Digest for three days on a water-bath, filter, and dissolve in the liquor, Camphor, six drachms. Oil of rosemary, one drachm. Principally used in frictions, in pains in the limbs, etc., but also given internally, in doses of thirty to fifty drops, in wine. Turin Ph. Succinated Tincture of Opium. R. Opium, forty grains. Camphor, Amber, each, half a drachm. Alcohol, six ounces. t Cor four days on a water-bath, and filter. As a friction in spasmodic attacks. Dumas. Swediaur's Tincture of Opium. R. Extract of opium, one drachm. Distilled water, four drachms. Alcohol, half a drachm. Dissolve, and filter. Five drops are equi- valent to a grain of opium. Swediaur. Warner's Tincture of Opium. R. Opium, Soap, each, six drachms. Nutmeg, one drflchm. Camphor, four drachms. Saffron, forty grains. Spirit of ammonia, nine ounces. Digest for ten days, agitating occasionally, then filter. Van lions. Lettsom's Elixir. R. Opium, ^ Benzoic acid, > each, two drachms. Saffron, ) Camphor, four scruples. Oil of anise, one drachm. Ipecacuanha, Balsam of tolu, each, half an ounce. Alcohol, two pounds. Macerate for ten days, and filter. Dose, five to twenty drops, in hooping-cough. Augustin. Opiate Linctus. R. Tincture of opium, two fl. drachms. Diluted sulphuric acid, two fl. drachms and a half. Molasses, eight fl. ounces. Water, three fl. ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, to quiet cough. Beasley. Anodyne Draught. R. Camphor water, nine drachms. Nitrate of potassium, six grains. Comp. spirit of ether, one drachm. Tincture of opiun\» ten to twelve minims. Syrup of poppies, two drachms. Mix. To be taken at bedtime. Copland. R. Tincture of opium, Water, twelve minims, one fl. ounce. OPOPONAX ORIGANUM, 429 Pimento water, three drachms. Syrup of poppies, one drachm. Mix. Beasley. B. Tincture of opium, fifteen to twenty-five drops. Syrup of poppies, two fl. drachms. Spirit of cinnamon, one fl. drachm. Distilled water, one fl. ounce and a half. Mix. Ellis. Mixture of Laudanum and Tartar Emetic. R. Laudanum, one fl. drachm. Tartar emetic, four grains. Camphor water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. In delirium tremens, and the ad- vanced stages of low fevers. Dose, half a fl. ounce to one fl. ounce. Graves. Opium Lozenges. R Extract of opium, seventy-two grains. Tincture of tolu, half a fl. ounce. Sugar, sixteen ounces. Gum Arabic, two ounces. Extract of liquorice, six ounces. Distilled water, sufficient. Mix thoroughly, and make 720 lozenges. Dose, one to six. Brit. Ph. Eclectic Dover's Powder. R. Powdered opium, half a drachm. " camphor, two drachms. " ipecacuanha, one drachm. Cream of tartar, one ounce. Mix thoroughly. Dose, ten grains. Am. Journ. Ph. 1854. OPOPONAX. Opoponax. A gum resin obtained from the Opoponax chironium, a tall, parsnip-like plant, a na- tive of the warm countries of Europe and the Levant. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiacese. De Candolle, iv. 170. Griffith, Med. Bot. 323. It occurs in tears and irregular lumps, or fragments, of a reddish-yellow color. Its odor is strong, peculiar, and unpleasant, and its taste bitter and acrid. It is seldom used in this country, but was formerly much es- teemed in a variety of diseases. The dose is from ten to thirty grains. R Tincture of Opoponax. Opoponax, one part. Alcohol, five parts. Macerate for some days, and filter. B6ral. Compound Tincture R. Round birth wort, Long birthwort, Orris root, Opoponax, Sagapenum, each, Guaiacum, Cloves, Camphor, Alcohol, Macerate for twenty-four As an application to foul of Opoponax. each, half an ounce. two drachms. four scruples. two drachms. three drachms. ten ounces. hours, and filter. venereal ulcers. Brera. Emulsion of Opoponax. R. Opoponax, Soap, each, one drachm. Yolk of egg^ two drachms. Syrup of wormwood, one ounce and a half. Fennel water, three fl. ounces. Make an emulsion. A teaspoonful every hour as a vermifuge. Bories. ORIGANUM. Marjoram. The article so designated in the U. S. Ph. is the herb of the Origanum vulgare, a native of Europe, but extensively natur- alized in the United States. By several European pharmacopoeias, the sweet mar- joram is likewise recognized ; this is the herb of 0. majorana. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. Lamiacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 834. Griffith, Med. Bot. 511. The dried herb has an aromatic, agreeable odor, and a hot, pungent taste, depending on the presence of a volatile oil. It is some- what tonic and stimulating, and has been used in the form of infusion as a diaphoretic and emmenagogue. The oil is employed in stimulating liniments. R. Oil of Origanum. Marjoram, Water, at will, sufficient. 430 OETZA. — OVUM. Mix, distil, and separate the oil in the re- ceiver. Much of the imported oil is obtained from another plant (Thymus vulgaris), which is fraudulently substituted for the genuine. Dose, one to three drops. This enters into the composition of the opodeldoc, as form- erly officinal in the U. S. Ph. Oleo-infusion of Sweet Marjoram. R. Fresh sweet marjoram, one part. Olive oil, two parts. Bruise the herb and digest in the oil, until the water has evaporated ; express and filter. Paris Codex. ORYZA Rice. The seed or grain of Oryza sativa, an an- nual plant, said to be a native of Ethiopia, but now extensively cultivated in most warm countries. Sex. Syst. Hexand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Gra- minacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 475. Griffith, Med. Bot. 660. This grain as found in commerce is de- prived of its cuticle, is white, dry, hard, inodorous, and of a farinaceous taste. It is very nutritive, and, in the form of a decoc- tion, emollient. Rice Water. R. Rice, well washed, two ounces. Water, two quarts. Boil for an hour and a half, then add sugar and flavoring, as may be required. Ellis. R. Rice, five drachms. Water, sufficient to obtain a quart of decoction ; add Liquorice root, three drachms. Let stand for some time, and strain, adding sugar, etc., at will. Cottereau. K Rice Gruel. Ground rice, one ounce. Cinnamon, one drachm. Water, one quart. Boil for forty minutes, adding the aromatic near the close. Strain, and sweeten. Ellis. Mucilage of Rice. R. Rice, one ounce. Macerate it for three hours in Tepid water, one quart. Then boil slowly for an hour, and si rain. A. T. Thomson. Rice Jelly. R. Rice, sufficient. Macerate in as much water as will cover it, boil slowly, adding water as it evaporates, until the rice is reduced to a pap ; sweeten and flavor, and pass through a fine sieve. On cooling, it becomes a moderately-con- sistent jelly. A good diet in dyspepsia, etc. OVUM. Egg. Oil of Eggs. R . i Yolk of eggs, at will. Heat gently till the moisture is dissipated, introduce into a displacer, and exhaust by ether, distil the product in a water-bath, heat the residue, till the albuminous matter coagulates, then strain. Old Paris Codex. Was, at one time, much esteemed as an application to hemorrhoids, chaps, excoria- tions, etc., but it is now seldom employed. Emulsion of Eggs. R. Yolks of eggs, two. Powdered sugar, one ounce. Boiling water, fourteen ounces. Triturate the eggs and sugar in a marble mortar, gradually adding the water. B4ral. R Emollient Clyster of Eggs. Yolk of eggs, two. Decoction of bran, one pound. Mix. Pierquin. Restorative Clyster of Eggs. R. Yolk of egg, one. White wine, two fl. ounces. Beef tea, without salt, eight fl. ounces. Mix. Badius. Mixture with Eggs. R. Yolk of egg, one. Cream, six fl. ounces. Cinnamon barley-water, six fl. drachms. Sugar, one ounce. Mix. To be taken in teaspoonful doses, in the convalescence of children. Foy. R, Yolk of egg, Water, one. two pints. PANAX. PANCREATISTUM. 431 Make an emulsion, and add Common salt, half a drachm. Mix. In mesenteric atrophy of children. Huf eland. Egg and Brandy Mixture. R. Brandy, Cinnamon water, each, four fl. ounces. Yolks of eggs, two. Sugar, half an ounce. Mix well. Brit. Ph. As a stimulant in the sinking stage of fevers. Egg and Wine Mixture R. Yolks of eggs, Oil of cinnamon, Mix, and add Madeira wine, Cinnamon water, each, Distilled water, Sugar, Mix. Three or four tablespoonfuls for a dose. In convalescence from low fevers. Ellis. two. twenty drops. three fl. ounces. two fl. ounces. two drachms. R Glyconin. Yolk of egg, four parts. Glycerin, five parts. Mix well. As an application to sore nipples, excoriations, etc. Sichel. Liniment of Eggs. R. Yolk of egg, one. Flaxseed oil, two ounces. Mix well. As an application to burns. Radius. R. White of egg, Flaxseed oil, Mix well. As the last. one. three ounces. Mynsicht. R Cerate of Eggs. Yolk of egg, one part. Simple cerate, two parts. Mix well. Foy. R. Yolk of a hard-boiled egg, one. Yellow wax, half an ounce. Almond oil, one ounce and a half. Melt the wax and oil together, and add the egg, triturating them thoroughly to- gether. As an application to burns. Soubeiran. PANAX. Ginseng. This is the root of P. qidnquefolium, an herbaceous plant, indigenous to rich wood- lands of this country. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digynia. Nat. Syst. Araliaceae. The root is three to five inches long, spindle-shaped, usually forked, yellowish- gray externally, white internally, of a faint aromatic odor, and a sweetish mucilaginous taste. The root of P. Shinseng, a native of China, has the same properties, and is highly valued there for its supposed medicinal qualities. Both kinds are somewhat demul- cent, and perhaps slightly stimulant. PANCREATINUM. Pancreatin. It is obtained from the pancreas of re- cently-killed animals, by treating the color- less viscous juice with alcohol and drying the precipitate in vacuo. It is employed with the view of stimulating the digestion of fatty compounds, and is usually admin- istered in the form of emulsion, or dissolved in very weak alcohol, or as powder. Digestive Solution of Pancreatin. R. Pancreatin, Carbonate of potassium, each, ten grains. Balm water, twenty drachms. Syrup of orange- peel, five drachms. Dissolve and mix. Dose, one or two table- spoonfuls at mealtime. Vanden Corput R. Mix Powder of Pancreatin. Pancreatin, Bicarbonate of sodium, each, one part. ten parts. Vanden Corput. Vanilla sugar, 432 PAPAVER Nutritive Injection. R. Bullock's pancreas, one. Glycerin, eight troyounces. Rub the finely-minced pancreas with the gly- cerin ; mix one-third of this mixture with four to five ounces of finely-minced meat, and inject into the rectum. Said to be readily digested. Merkel. Glycerite of Pancreatin. R. Fresh pancreas, finely minced, Glycerin, each, one pound. Digest at 120° for twenty-four hours, drain, wash the residue twice with four ounces of water ; filter the washings, evaporate to onue-half, and mix with first portion. Merkel. This makes a perfect and agreeable emul- sion with fats. Cod-liver oil mixed with it in the proportion of one part to ten, be- comes palatable and easy of digestion. PAPAYER. Poppy Heads. The ripe capsules of Papaver somniferum. These capsules are of a more or less globular form, crowned by a radiated, persistent stigma ; of a ligbt-brown color, a papery and brittle texture, inodorous, but of a slightly bitter taste. They are analogous in pro- perties, but in an inferior degree, to opium. They contain numerous small white or blackish seeds, which are not used medici- nally, with the capsules. These seeds con- tain a considerable quantity of a bland fixed oil. Decoction of Poppy Heads. R. Poppy heads, bruised, two ounces. Water, thirty ounces. Boil for a quarter of an hour and strain ; it measures twenty fl. ounces. Brit. Ph. As a soothing and anodyne fomentation, in painful tumors and inflammations. Syrup of Poppies. R. Poppy capsules, bruised, and deprived of seeds, thirty-six oz. Sugar, four pounds. Boiling water, sufficient. Rectified spirit, sixteen fl. ounces. Infuse the capsules in four pints of the wilier for twenty-four hours; then exhaust by displacement, evaporate to three pints (iinper. mens.), cool, add the spirit, and, after twelve hours, filter; evaporate to two pints (imper.), and dissolve the sugar. The pro- duct weighs six pounds and a half, and has the specific gravity 1.320. Brit. Ph. Dose, one fl. drachm, as a sedative and hypnotic. R. Poppy heads, sixteen troyounces. Diluted alcohol, four pints. Sugar, thirty ounces. Deprive the heads of their seeds; bruise them thoroughly, macerate them in twice their weight of diluted alcohol for two days, express powerfully, add the remainder of the alcohol, and after twenty-four hours, again express. Evaporate the liquids to one pint, strain, and add the sugar, and dissolve by the aid of a gentle heat. W. Procter. R. Popp}^ heads, cut, St. John's bread, cut, each, three parts. Liquorice root, cut, two parts. Boiling water, fifty parts. Digest for two hours, express, evaporate to fifteen parts, filter, and add Sugar, twenty-five parts. Dissolve. Dose, a tablespoon ful. Ph. Germ. Substitute for Syrup of Poppies. R. Extract of opium, ten grains. Water, ninety grains. Syrup, thirty-three drachms. Dissolve and mix. Paris Codex. This and the preceding preparations are known as Diacodion Syrup. R. Sulphate of morphia, four grains. Water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve, and mix with Syrup, fifteen fl. ounces. Each fl. ounce contains one-quarter of a grain of the sulphate of morphia. Wood. Extract of Poppy Heads. R. Poppy heads, bruised, sixteen ounces. Alcohol, two ounces. Boiling water, sufficient. Exhaust with the water, evaporate to a pint, cool, add the alcohol, filter after twenty-four hours, and evaporate to the proper consistence. Dose, two to five grains. Brit. Ph. Pectoral Syrup. R. Dates, two pounds. Jujube, one pound. PAREIRA. 433 Liquorice root, half a pound. Mallow root, ^ Maidenhair, v each, four ounces. Poppy heads, ) Water, sixteen pints. Boil, strain, and add Sugar, eight pounds. Evaporate to the consistence of syrup. Dose, one to two ounces. Gassicourt. Sedative Injection. R. Simple emulsion, five fl. ounces. Decoction of poppy heads, one pint. White of egg, one drachm. Mix. As an injection in acute gonorrhoea. Gassicourt. Sedative Mixture. R. Flaxseed, two drachms. Poppy head, one. Water, sufficient to obtain eight ounces of infusion ; add Yolk of egg, one. Mix well. In painful diarrhoea. St. Marie. PAREIRA. Pareira Brava. Both the U. S. and Brit. Ph. refer this root to Cissampelos pareira, a climbing shrub, with large, cordate, villous leaves, a native of the West Indies and South America. But according to Mr. Daniel Hanbury, the root and stem of this plant do not agree either with the older descrip- tions, or with the article met with in the shops. The latter is the stem of an un- known plant, while the true pareira brava is the root of Chondodendron tomentosum or Cocculus chondodendron, a native of Brazil. Sex. Syst. Dicec. monand. Nat. Syst. Meni- spermacese. De Cand. Prodr. I. 98. See also Griffith, Med. Bot. 106, and Amer. Journ. Phar. 1873, October. The root, which is the officinal portion, is usually in large crooked pieces, of a dark blackish-brown color externally, and light yellowish-brown within ; it has at first a sweetish, and somewhat aromatic taste, but leaves a bitterish, unpleasant impres- sion ; the odor is very slight. It is tonic and alterative, and acts specifically on the bladder, allaying irritability and diminish- ing mucous secretion. The dose, in sub- stance, is from thirty grains to a drachm. 28 Infusion of Pareira Brava. R. Pareira brava, bruised, one troyounee. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. ounces, in irritation and chronic inflammation of urinary pas- sages. Decoction of Pareira Brava. R. Pareira brava, sliced, one ounce and a half. Distilled water, twenty ounces. Boil for fifteen minutes, express, strain, and obtain twenty fl. ounces. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Brit. Ph. Extract of Pareira Brava. R. Pareira brava, in coarse powder, one pound. Water, sufficient. Digest the powder with a pint of the water for twenty-four hours, introduce into a per- colator, and with water displace slowly one gallon, evaporate this to a pilular consist- ence. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Brit. Ph. Fluid Extract of Pareira Brava. R. Pareira brava, in powder, No. 60, sixteen troy ounces. Glycerin, three fl. ounces. Water, five fl. ounces. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of the mixture, pack in a percolator, add remaining liquid, and ma- cerate for four days ; then, with diluted alcohol, displace twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, add to remain- der one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved por- tion. Brit. Ph. exhausts with boiling water ; sixteen fl. ounces of the liquid extract are preserved by three fl. ounces of rectified spirit. Dose, half to one fl. drachm. Tincture of Pareira Brava. R. Pareira brava, two ounces. Diluted alcohol, one pint. Digest for seven days, and filter. Brodie. Dose, fifty to sixty drops. 434 PAULLINIA. — PEPSINUM. PAULLINIA. Paullinia (Guarana) Is a preparation from the seeds of Paul- linia sorbilis, a climbing plant, indigenous to Brazil. The seeds are dried, pounded, mixed with cacao and cassava, and with water formed into a paste, which is dried. This preparation is of a brown color, hard, light, inodorous, and of a somewhat astrin- gent taste. It contains a considerable pro- portion of cofieina, and is highly esteemed in Brazil, in diseases of the bowels and bladder, and has been used in Europe as a tonic in these, and in chlorosis, etc., with much success. Sex. Syst. Octand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Sapin- dacese. Martius, Mat. Med. Bras. 59. Lozenges of Paullinia. R. Alcoholic extract of paullinia, twenty-one grains. Vanilla sugar, five hundred grains. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Mix, and form lozenges of ten grains each. Dose, sixteen to twenty during the day. Gavrelle. Syrup of Paullinia. R. Alcoholic extract of paullinia, one part. Simple syrup, one hundred parts. Dissolve. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Dorvault. Pills of Paullinia. R. Paulinia, sufficient. Make into pills of a grain and a half. Five to ten, as occasion may require. Gavrelle. Alcoholic Extract of Paullinia. R. Powdered paullinia, at will. Alcohol, sufficient. Introduce into a displacement apparatus, and pass the alcohol through till the powder is exhausted ; distil off the spirit, and evapo- rate to proper consistence. Eight to ten grains during the day. Dechastelus. Chocolate with Paullinia. R. Paullinia, Chocolate, Mix. and form a paste. As a restorative in diseases of debility, chlorosis, etc. Beaslcy one ounce, sixteen ounces. PEPO. Pumpkin Seed. They are obtained from Cucurbita pepo, an herbaceous plant, extensively cultivated for the sake of its fruit. Sex. Syst. Moncec. Monadel. Nat. Syst. Cucurbitacese. The seeds are white, fiat, ovate, and marked with a groove near the margin ; they have no odor, but a mucilaginous and oily taste, and are employed as a tsenifuge. Dose, half to one ounce in the form of emulsion. PEPSINUM. Pepsin. Of well-cleaned fresh hogs' stomachs, the mucous membrane is dissected oft", chopped finely, and macerated for several days in water acidulated with muriatic acid ; the strained and decanted clear liquid is mixed with a saturated solution of table salt in water, and the separated pepsin after several hours drained on a muslin strainer, and submitted to strong pressure. It may be further purified by redissolvingin acidulated water, precipitating by table salt, express- ing strongly, drying, and macerating the thin dry sheet of pepsin for a short time in water. E. Schcffer. Saccharated Pepsin. R. Pepsin, prepared as above, and yet damp, Sugar of milk, each, sufficient. Triturate the pepsin with sufficient milk sugar, so that ten grains of the air dry powder will dissolve not less than one hundred and twenty grains of coagulated albumen if digested with an excess of the latter, for five or six hours at 100° in water, each fl. ounce of which is acidulated with six drops of muriatic acid. E. Schcffer. Dose, five to ten grains, or more, in dys- pepsia, to be taken immediately before or with a meal, together with lactic or diluted muriatic acid, when there is a deficiency of acid in the stomach. Wine of Pepsin. R. Mucous membrane of hog's stomach, or of beef rennet, 1 one hundred parts. Glycerin, Distilled water, each, fifty parts. Good white wine, one thousand parts. Muriatic acid, five parts. Mix thoroughly the mucus, glycerin, and water, and agitate well with the remaining PETROLEUM. 435 liquids ; macerate for three days at or below 98°. and filter. Ph. Germ. Rennet Wine.— Liquid Rennet. B. Mucous membrane of calves' rennet, three parts. White wine, twenty-six parts. Chloride of sodium, one part. Macerate for three days, and filter. Ph. Germ. PETROLEUM. Petroleum. A liquid bitumen, of a fluid consistence, of a brownish-black or reddish-brown color, having a bituminous odor, and an acrid, strong taste. It is found in various parts of the world, issuing from the earth in the form of springs. Many of these exist in the United States, as in the western portion of Pennsylvania, on the shores of Seneca Lake, on the Kenhawa, etc. These pro- ducts are light-colored and more liquid than the Barbadoes and other foreign varieties, and are known as Seneca oil. Petroleum is a stimulating antispasmodic, and sudorific, with some anthelmintic pro- perties. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm. By fractional distillation on a large scale, various hydrocarbons of different boiling points are obtained, which are sold under the name of rhigolen, gasolin, benzin, etc. The lightest of these, having at the same time the lowest boiling point, have been used locally for anaesthetic purposes. Benzin, which is the heavier of these light portions, is largely used in the arts, being a valuable solvent, capable to replace in many cases ether, chloroform, oil of turpentine, etc. The still heavier colorless fraction of petro- leum is extensively employed for illuminat- ing purposes. British Oil. B. Oil of turpentine, " flaxseed, each, eight fl. ounces. " amber, four fl. ounces. " juniper, four fl. drachms. Barbadoes petroleum, three fl. ounces. Seneca oil, one fl. ounce. Mix. As a rubefacient liniment. Phil. Coll. Ph. B. Oil of turpentine, eight fl. ounces. Barbadoes petroleum, four fl. ounces. Oil of rosemary, four fl. drachms. Mix. Gray. Embrocation of Petroleum. B. Petroleum, half an ounce. Oil of turpentine, one drachm. Spirit of juniper, four ounces. Mix. As a friction to the loins, in atony of the urinary passages and dropsy. Radius. B. Petroleum, half an ounce. Spirit of lavender, one ounce. Laudanum, two drachms. Mix. As a lotion to frozen limbs. Phoebus. B. Crude petroleum, Glycerin, each, one ounce. Mix. In scabies of children. Monti. B. Petroleum, one drachm and a half. Spirit of ammonia, two ounces. Mix. As a remedy for chilblains. Radius. Ointment of Petroleum. R. Petroleum, three drachms. Camphor, one scruple. Simple ointment, one ounce and a half. Mix. Radius. Plaster of Petroleum. B. Resin, half an ounce. Camphor, one drachm. Opium, half a drachm. Petroleum, sufficient. Mix. As an application in chronic rheu- matism. Radius. Anthelmintic Mixture of Petroleum. B. Petroleum, half an ounce. Tincture of assafe- ticla, six drachms. Mix. Forty drops, three times a day, in cases of tapeworm. Schwartz. Diuretic Mixture of Petroleum. B. Petroleum, two drachms. Tincture of squill, f one drachm. Spirit of juniper, six drachms. Mix. Forty drops, three times a day, in dropsy. Vogt. 436 PETEOSELIXUM PHOSPHORUS. PETROSELIXUM. Parsley. Parsley, or Petroselinum sativum, is a bi- ennial herbaceous plant, with a fusiform root ; a native of southern Europe, but gene- rally cultivated in our gardens, for the sake of its leaves, which are used for culinary purposes. > Koninck. PHOSPHORUS. Phosphorus. An elementary substance, usually in the form of thin sticks, which are translucent, of a pale-yellowish color, and flexible con- sistence. It has no perceptible taste, but an alliaceous odor. It is principally made from bone ashes, which consist mainly of phos- phate of caleium. It is a highly powerful, diffusible stimulant, and ought never to be given in substance, and its effects should be always closely watched. It has been given in cases of extreme prostration of the vital powers. Phosphorated Oil. R. Phosphorus, one part. Almond oil, fifty parts. Fuse the phosphorus in the oil, placed in a water-bath, stirring frequently; then agi- tate occasionally until cold, decant from the phosphorus, and keep in well-stopped vials in a cool place. Paris Codex. Dose, five to ten drops in some muci- laginous liquid. R. Phosphorus, well dried, one part. Oil of almonds, eighty parts. Digest by the aid of warm water and agita- tion, cool for half an hour, and carefully decant the oil from any undissolved phos- phorus. Dose, five to fifteen drops. To be prepared only for immediate use. Ph. Germ. Has been advised in gout, chronic rheu- matism, etc., and also externally, as a fric- tion. Emulsion of Phosphorated Oil. R. Phosphorated oil, Powdered gum Arabic, each, two drachms. Mint water, three troyounces. Simple syrup, two troyounces. Make an emulsion. Dose, a tablespoonful. Soubeiran. Pills of Phosphorus. R. Phosphorus, one grain and a half. Almond oil, four drachms. Dissolve by aid of a water-bath, add suffi- cient magnesia, and make one hundred pills. Bouchardat. R. Phosphorus, one grain and a half. Almond oil, Powdered soap, each. ninety grains. PHYSOSTIGMA. 437 Dissolve the phosphorus in the oil, add the soap and sufficient marshmallow, in powder, to make one hundred pills. Tavignot. Dose, three to five a day. The oil may be advantageously substituted by suet, cacao-butter, oil of mace, or other solid fats. Phosphorated Ether. R. Phosphorus, one part. Ether, fifty parts. Macerate for a month in a bottle covered with black paper ; decant into small bot- tles similarly prepared. Dose, five to ten drops, in some emollient liquid, every four hours. Paris Codex. R. Phosphorus, two grains. Oil of peppermint, half a drachm. Add to the solution Ether, half fl. ounce. Mix well. Two to six drops, every four hours, on sugar. In epilepsy, paralysis, etc. Augustin. Fuse in a bottle placed in a water-bath, then agitate until solution has taken place, and afterwards occasionally until cold. In paralytic affections. Paris Codex. R. Phosphorus, ten grains. Camphor, two scruples. Lard, one ounce. Mix carefully, and make an ointment. Used in palsies, by rubbing in twice daily. Huf eland. Tincture of Phosphorus. R. Phosphorus, one grain. Absolute alcohol, twelve drachms. Dissolve by digestion. Dose, ten to fifteen minims, largely diluted. J. A. Thompson. Phosphorated Cerate. R. Phosphorated ether, five parts. Simple cerate, twenty-four parts. Mix. As a friction in obstinate cutaneous affections. Foy. Phosphorated Oil of Turpentine. R. Phosphorus, two grains. Oil of turpentine, three fl. drachms. Mix, and dissolve. Dose, ten to twelve drops, in obstinate intermittents ; to be given in a cupful of oatmeal gruel. Hufeland. Phosphorated Liniment. R. Phosphorus, Oil of almonds, Caustic ammonia, Camphor, each, Mix. six grains, one ounce. two grains. Augustin. Phosphorated Ointment. R. Phosphorus, one part. Lard, one hundred parts. Phosphorus Paste. (Rat's Bane.) R. Phosphorus, eight parts. Lukewarm water,") each, one hun- Rye meal,- y dred and Melted butter, ) eighty parts. Sugar, one hundred and twenty parts. Liquefy the phosphorus in the water; pour into a mortar, and add the meal ; when cold, add the butter and sugar. An active poison for rats and mice. Simon. PHYSOSTIGMA Calabar Bean. — Ordeal Bean. This is the seed of Physostigma venenosum, of Western Africa. Sex. Syst. Diadel. decand. Nat. Syst. Fa- baceae. Balfour, in Transactions of the Roy. Soc. Edinb. xxii. 305. The seeds are nearly an inch in length, flatfish kidney shaped, with a hard, brittle, and shining brown testa and marked with a conspicuous furrow along its convex mar- gin. The white kernel is hard, pulverizable, and has a rather bland taste, free from bit- terness or acrimony. It acts as an excitant of the secretory system, increasing more especially the action of the alimentary mu- cous glands, and in large doses destroys the power of the spinal cord in conducting im- pressions, resulting in muscular paralysis or paralysis of the heart. Applied to the eye it contracts the pupil. The dsse of the powder is one grain, cautiously increased to five or six grains. Extract of Calabar Bean. R. Calabar bean, in moderately fine powder, twelve troyounces. Alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by percolation two pints of tincture, or enough to exhaust the powder, recover most of the alcohol by distillation, and evaporate the residue to the consistence of a soft extract. U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. Dose, one-sixteenth to one-fourth or half a grain. 438 PHYTOLACCA. — PIMENTA Tincture of Calabar Bean. R. Powdered Calabar bean, one drachm. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. Macerate for a week and filter. Dose, twenty minims thrice daily, carefully in- creased to fifty or sixty minims, in chorea. Ogle. Powder of Calabar Bean and Rhubarb. R. Powdered Calabar bean, " rhubarb, each, sixty grains. Mix, and divide into twenty powders. Dose, from three to five powders during twenty- four hours, in hysteria. Fenwick. Hypodermic Injection of Calabar Bean. R. Extract of Calabar bean, one-third of a grain. Distilled water, ten minims. Dissolve, and carefully neutralize the solu- tion with bicarbonate of potassium. In tetanus. Haining. Glycerite of Calabar Bean. R. Extract of Calabar bean, one grain. Glycerin, sixty-five grains. Dissolve. Dorvault. Dose, four drops four times a day, in con- stipation. Paper of Calabar Bean- White filtering paper is impregnated with the glycerite or with alcoholic solu- tion of extract of Calabar bean, and dried. Each square centimetre should contain two milligrammes of the extract. Dorvault. PHYTOLACCA. Poke. Both the "berries and the root of the Poke, or J'hytolacca decandra, are officinal. It is a large, herbaceous plant, with a perennial root, and bearing numerous clusters of dark- purple berries. Sex. 8yst, Decand. decagyn. Nat. Syst. Phytolaeeacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 631. Griffith, Med. Bot. 535. The root, as found in the shops, is in transverse slices, of a light-brown color ex- ternally ; and exhibiting on the cut surfaces numerous concentric rings. The taste is somewhat saccharine, followed by a sensa- tion of acrimony; the odor of the fresh root is somewhat like that of ginseng, but this disappears on drying. It is emeto-cathar- tic, with some narcotic properties. It has been used as an alterative, in syphilis, rheumatism, and chronic eruptions. The berries have also been praised in the same complaints. The dose of the powdered root is from one to five grains as an alterative ; from ten to thirty as an emetic. Ointment of Poke. R. Powdered root or leaves of poke, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. Eub together. As an application in tinea capitis, psora, etc. Wood. Tincture of Poke Root* R. Powdered poke- root, six troyounces. Cardamom, two drachms. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for two weeks, express, and filter. Maryland Coll. Ph. Tincture of Poke-Berries. R. Bruised poke-berries, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, one pint. Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. Dose, a teaspoonful, in chronic rheumatism. PIMENTA. Pimento. — Allspice. This, which is also called Jamaica pepper, is the unripe herries of Eugenia pimenta, a "beautiful evergreen tree, which is indigen- ous to the West Indies and South America. Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Myr- De Candolle, Prod. iii. 285. Griffith, Med. Bot. 300. The berries, which are the officinal part, are collected before they are ripe, and dried in the sun. In this state they are round, brown, somewhat rough, and a little larger than a pepper-corn. They have an aromatic, agreeable odor, and a powerful, clove-like taste. Pimento is a warm, aromatic stimu- lant, but is more employed as a condiment than in medicine. The dose, in powder, is from ten to forty grains. Bolus of Allspice. R. Powdered allspice, ^ h four " cinnamon, > ' . saffron, 'J S ralnS - " opium, one grain. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make two boluses. In chronic diarrhoea. Foy. PIPEE. 439 Water of Allspice. R. Allspice, bruised, fourteen ounces. Water, - twenty pounds. Distil ten pounds. Brit. Ph. Used as a carminative. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Spirit of Allspice. R. Oil of pimento, two fl. drachms. Diluted alcohol, one gallon. Dissolve the oil in the alcohol. [I. S. Ph. 1850. Tincture of Allspice. R. Allspice, one part. Alcohol, five parts. Macerate for fifteen days, and filter. Dose, from ten to twelve drops. Swediaur. Essence of Allspice. R. Oil of pimento, one fl. ounce. Rectified spirit, nine fl. ounces. Mix with agitation. Dose, thirty drops, as a carminative. Dub. Ph. 1826. PIPER. Black Pepper. This article is the berries of Piper nigrum, a perennial, shrubby vine, from eight to twelve feet high, a native of India, and ex- tensively cultivated in many parts of tropi- cal Asia. Sex. Syst. Diand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Pipe- racese. Linn. Sp. PI. 40. Griffith, Med. Bot. 564. The fruit, which is the officinal part, is gathered before it is quite ripe, and by the drying of the pulp over the grayish- white seed, becomes wrinkled and black ; in this state it is known as black pepper ; if per- mitted to ripen, and deprived of the skin by maceration, and dried, the fruit forms what is called white pepper, which is less active than the black. Black pepper is a warm, carminative stimulant, but is principally used as a con- diment. It has, however, been used in gonorrhoea, etc., and in the treatment of in- termittent fevers, and also as an external application, in the form of ointment, to tinea capitis. The dose is from ten to twenty grains. Confection of Black Pepper. R. Powdered black pepper, two ounces. " caraway, three ounces. Clarified honey, fifteen ounces. Mix thoroughly. Dose, one to two drachms. Brit. Ph. A substitute for Ward's paste. This, which is similar to Ward's paste, so celebrated in the cure of piles, must be used for a length of time, to be of service. Dose, from one to two drachms, two or three times a day. Electuary of Black Pepper. R. Powdered black pepper, Conserve of orange-peel, each, one ounce. Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. Make an electuary. As a stomachic and carminative. A drachm twice a day. Saunders. Resinous Oil of Black Pepper. R. Black pepper, at will. Grind it, and exhaust by means of alcohol (.835) ; distil off the alcohol. Treat the resinous residue with solution of potassa, which removes all but the peperina. The alkaline liquid is then to be saturated with diluted muriatic acid, and the fluid oleo- resin that precipitates is, after being washed with water, ready for use. W. Procter. Oleoresin of Black Pepper. R. Black pepper, in fine powder, twelve troyounces. Ether, sufficient. Put the powder in a percolator, press firmly, and pour ether gradually upon it until twenty fl. ounces of tincture pass. Distil off most of the ether, and expose the residue in a shallow vessel till all the ether is evap- orated, and the deposition of piperina has ceased. Lastly, separate the piperina by expressing. Dose, one or two drops. U. S. Ph. Volatile Oil of Black Pepper. R. Powdered black pepper, at will. Water, sufficient. Distil, and separate the oil from the pro- duct. This has the odor, but not the pun- gency of the fruit. Ointment of Black Pepper. R. Powdered black pepper, four ounces. Lard, one pound. Mix. As an application in tinea capitis. Dub. Ph. 1826. 440 PIPER LONGUM PISCIDIA EEYTHEINA. Plaster of Black Pepper R. Powdered black pepper, Galbanum, each, three drachms. Pitch, two ounces. Oil of laurel berries, sufficient. Mix. As a stimulating plaster, in rheu- matism, etc. Augustin. R Cataplasm of Black Pepper. Flour of mustard, half a pound. Powdered black pepper, " ginger, each, one drachm. Boiling water, sufficient to make a soft paste. To be applied to the pit of the stomach in colic, etc. ; or to the feet, as a revulsive. Ellis. PIPER LONGUM. Long Pepper. This is the dried spikes of the Piper Ion- gum, or Chavica officinarum, a climbing shrub, with dioecious flowers, a native of some of the East India islands, and culti- vated in Sumatra and Java. Linn. Sp. PI. 41. Griffith, Med. Bot. 566. The officinal portion is the fruit catkins, dried in the sun. These are aromatic ; of a pungent, fiery taste ; of a grayish-brown color ; cylindrical. This pepper has nearly the same properties as the black, but it is little used in this country. Cataplasm of Long Pepper. R. Powdered long pepper, " cinarer. each, White of egg. Mix well into a paste, application in pleurisy. half an ounce. sufficient. As a rubefacient Foy. PIPERINA. PlPERINA. A peculiar principle obtained from Piper nigrum. It is white, and crystallizes in four-sided prisms. It was thought to be an alkali, but the experiments of Pelletier show that it ia more analogous to the resins. It Ikis been much praised in Italy, as a febri- fuge ; and is also spoken of with favor by physicians of oilier countries. It has been supposed that its acrid taste and remedial properties were dependent on an admixture Of acrid oil, hut Dr. ( diristison attempts to prove that such is not the case. at will. R. Alcoholic extract of black pepper, Treat it with water containing a hundredth of caustic potassa ; wash the residue in cold water ; dissolve in alcohol ; filter, and per- mit to evaporate and crystallize. Guibourt. Dose, from two to ten grains. Pills of Piperina. R. Piperina, twenty-four grains. Crumb of bread, sufficient. Mix, and make twelve pills. One, every two hours. Meli. R. Piperina, twelve grains. Extract of gentian, sufficient. Mix, and make twelve pills. One, every hour, during the apyrexia of intermittents. Ellis. two grains. sufficient. Hartte. Pills of Piperina and Mercury. R. Blue pill, one grain. Piperina, Sulphate of quinia, each, Syrup, Mix, and make a pill. One, three times a day, for a few days, after the paroxysm has been checked by piperina. Tincture of Piperina. R. Piperina, one part. Alcohol, seven parts. Dissolve, and filter. Biral. PISCIDIA ERYTHRINA. Jamaica Dogwood. This is a small West Indian tree, with a hard, heavy wood, and a narcotic bark, em- ployed to intoxicate fish. Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Fabaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 993. Griffith, Med. Bot. 246. The part used is the bark of the root, which appears to be a stimulating narcotic ; causing excitement of the system, copious perspiration, and profound sleep. Applied topically to allay pain. Tincture of Jamaica Dogwood. R. Bruised Jamaica dogwood, one ounce. Alcohol, four fl. ounces. Digest for seven days, and filter. Full dose, as a narcotic, one fl. drachm. Hamilton. PIX BUEGU^DICA. 441 PIX BURGUNDICA. Burgundy Pitch. This is the prepared resinous exudation of Abies excelsa, a lofty tree, a native of Europe and northern Asia. Sex. Syst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. "Pi n fi pp*p De Candolle, El. Fr. iii. 375. Griffith, Med. Bot. 606. It is also obtained from A. picea. When pure it is hard, brittle, opaque, of a yellowish or brownish-yellow color, and of a weak, turpentine-like taste and odor. The Thus of the Brit. Ph. is the concrete turpentine of Pinus palustris and P. tceda. It is in solid, brittle tears, of a bright- yellowish color, and emits an agreeable odor when burned. Both are used as ingredients in plaster. Prepared Thus or Common Frankincense. R. Frankincense, Water, one pound, sufficient to cover. Liquefy by heat, strain through a hair sieve, and when cold pour off the water. Used for making plasters. Lond. Ph. Pitch Plaster. R. Burgundy pitch, twenty-six ounces. Prepared thus, thirteen ounces. Resin, Yellow wax, each, four ounces and a half. Expressed oil of nutmeg, one ounce. Olive oil, Water, each, two fl. ounces. Melt the thus, pitch, resin, and wax to- gether, and add the olive oil, oil of nutmegs, and water ; mix, and evaporate to a proper consistence. Brit. Ph. As a rubefacient plaster in pectoral and rheumatic affections, etc. It often causes a serous discharge, and much irritation. R. Burgundy pitch, Wax, Turpentine, Melt, and mix. six ounces. half an ounce. one drachm. Guy's Hosp. R Burgundy Pitch Plaster. Burgundy pitch, six pounds. Yellow wax, half a pound. Melt, and stir constantly till they thicken. U.S. Ph. Warming Plaster. R. Burgundy pitch, forty-eight troy ounces. Cerate of Spanish flies, four troy ounces. Melt together on a water-bath, and stir constantly till they thicken. U. S. Ph. Irritating Pitch Plaster. R. Burgundy pitch, thirty-two parts. Common turpentine, Yellow wax, each, twelve parts. Euphorbium, in very fine powder, three parts. Melt the first three articles together, add the powder, and mix well. Ph. Germ. Aromatic Plaster. R. Resin of spruce fir, three ounces. Yellow wax, half an ounce. Powdered cinnamon, six drachms. Oil of pimento, u lemon, each, two drachms. Melt the resin and wax together, and strain. When they begin to thicken, on cooling, mix in the cinnamon, previously rubbed with the oils, and make a plaster. Dub. Ph. 1826. A good local stimulant, when applied to the region of the stomach, allaying nausea and vomiting, and relieving gastric un- easiness. R Compound Pitch Plaster. Burgundy pitch, two parts. White wax, four parts. Turpentine, Balsam of tolu, each, one part. Mix and melt. Beral. Pitch Cerate. R. Burgundy pitch, Common turpentine, Suet, each, Yellow wax, Melt together. two parts. one part. four parts. Ph. Germ. Pills of Burgundy Pitch. R. Burgundy pitch, five drachms. Mucilage, sufficient. Mix, and make one hundred pills. Six to eight, three times a day, in cutaneous affections. Ulrich. 442 PIX CANADENSIS. — PIX LIQUIDA. PIX CANADENSIS. Canada or Hemlock Pitch. This is the prepared resinous exudation of the Abies Canadensis, a lofty tree, found in the more northern parts of the United States, in Canada, etc., and also in the mountainous portions of the Middle States. Sex. Syst. Moncec. monodelph. Nat. Syst. Pinacese. Mich. 1ST. A. Sylv. iii. 185. Griffith, Med. Bot. 606. The resin exudes spontaneously, and hardens on the bark, from which it is sepa- rated by boiling in water. It, however, re- quires a purification, by melting and strain- ing, before it is fit for use. In this state, it is hard, brittle, of a dark yellowish-brown color, which becomes darker by exposure to the air, of a peculiar but faint odor, and a scarcely perceptible taste. It is a mild rubefacient, much resembling Burgundy pitch in its actions and powers, and is employed for the same purposes. The volatile oil obtained from the tops by distillation, and called the oil of hemlock, is possessed of emmenagogue properties. It has been used to produce abortion. Hemlock Pitch Plaster. R. Hemlock pitch, seventy-two troyounces. Yellow wax, six troyounces. Melt together, strain, and stir while cooling. U. S. Ph. PIX LIQUIDA. Tar. This is an impure turpentine, obtained by the slow combustion of various species of the pine tribe, and more especially of the pin us palustris. It is made in large quantities in North Carolina, and in various other places in America and Europe. It is of a brownish-black color, of a tena- cious consistence, has a peculiar empyreu- matioodor, and a somewhat bitter, resinous, subacrid taste.'! Its properties are analogous to those of the turpentines. It is used both internally and externally. The dose is from half a drachm to one drachm, several times a day. Tar Fills. R. Tar, one drachm. Powdered elecampane, sufficient. Mix, form a mass, and divide into twenty pills. Beashy. R. Tar, one drachm. Wheat flour, sufficient. Mix, form a mass, and divide into twenty pills. G. B. Wood. R. Tar, two scruples. Liquorice powder, one scruple. Mix, and make sixteen pills. Seymour. Tar "Water. R. Tar, one pint. Water, four pints. Mix, and shake frequently for twenty-four hours, decant, and filter. U. S. Ph. R. Tar, one part. Boiling water, ten parts. Macerate for two days, with frequent agita- tion, and decant. Ph. Germ. R. Tar, one part. Water, thirty parts. Macerate for a day and reject the w 7 ater, then macerate with same quantity of water for ten days, and decant, Paris Codex. It is stimulant and diuretic, and was once much used in a variety of diseases, especially in those of the lungs. The dose is from one to two pints, in divided doses, in the course of the day. It is also used as a lotion in cutaneous diseases. Syrup of Tar. R. Tar water, twenty-one parts. Sugar, forty parts. Dissolve, and strain. Paris Codex. Glycerite of Tar. R. Tar, one troy ounce. Carbonate of magnesium, two troyounces. Glycerin, four fl. ounces. Alcohol, two fl. ounces. Water, ten fl. ounces. Bub the tar with the carbonate, then with the mixed liquids, in three portions, ex- pressing each time, then pack the residue into a percolator, and pass first the ex- pressed liquids, afterwards water, until one pint is obtained. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to four fl. drachms. Wine of Tar, or Tar Beer. R. Water, three quarts. W heat bran, one quart. Tar, one pint. Honey, half a pint. Simmer together for three hours, and when cool add a pint of brewers' yeast, and let it Btand for thirty-six hours. Then bottle. Dose, a tablespoonful. Duhamel. PIX NIGRA. — PLATINI BICHLORIDUM. 443 each, one pound. half a pint, sufficient. B. Ground malt, Honey, Tar, Yeast, Water, Keep the malt, honey, and three quarts of water, at 150° F. for three hours, and when cool add the yeast. Set aside for thirty-six hours, then decant, and to the clear solu- tion add the tar, stirring constantly. Shake up occasionally for a week, then filter^ and bottle for use. W. Procter, Jr. B. Strong beer, Tar, one gallon, sufficient to saturate. Mix, and allow them to macerate for three days, with occasional agitation. Dose, a tablespoonful. Robinson. Tar Ointment. B. Tar, Suet, each, twelve troy ounces. Melt the suet with a moderate heat, add the tar, strain, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. B. Tar, Yellow wax, five ounces, two ounces. Melt the wax, add cold. the tar, and stir till Brit. Ph. B. Purified tar, one part. Lard, three parts. Mix. Paris Codex. A stimulant application to various cutaneous eruptions, as psoriasis and tinea capitis. Compound Tar Ointment. B. Tar ointment, Cerate of subacetate of lead, each, half a pound. Mix. St. Bart's Hosp. B. Tar ointment, Sulphur ointment, equal parts. Mix. Guy's Hosp. PIX NIGRA. Black Pitch. This is the solid black mass that remains after the evaporation of tar. It has a shin- ing fracture. If is gently stimulant and tonic, and has been used internally in some cutaneous diseases, and in piles. The dose is from ten grains to a drachm, in piles. It is also employed externally. Ointment of Black Pitch. Black pitch, Wax, Besin, each, eleven ounces. Olive oil, (imp.) one pint. Melt together, and strain. Lond. Ph. Used for the same purposes as tar oint- ment. Plaster of Black Pitch. B. Black pitch, Resin, Suet, Turpentine, Yellow wax, Melt together. each, two parts. three parts. Niemann. Pills of Black Pitch. B. Black pitch, one drachm. Powdered gum Arabic, half a drachm. Mix, and divide into twenty pills. Dose, two every night, in piles. Wardleworth. PLATINUM Platina. PLATINI BICHLORIDUM. Bichloride of Platina. Made by dissolving platinum in nitro- muriatic acid, and evaporating the solution to dryness by a gentle heat. Beasley. It, as well as a concentrated solution, is of a deep red color. It is very deliquescent and soluble in water. It is poisonous in the dose of fifteen grains, but has been used as an alterative in syphilis, in doses of one- eighth to one-fourth of a grain. Mixture of Bichloride of Platinum. B. Bichloride of platinum, two to four grains. Sugar, two drachms. Distilled water, three fl. ounces. Dissolve. Dose, a tablespoonful, three times a day. Hoefer. Pills of Bichloride of Platinum. B. Bichloride of platinum, seven and a half grs. Guaiacum, one drachm. Powdered liquorice root, sufficient. Mix, and form twenty pills. One pill three times a day. Hoefer. 444 PLUMBI ACETAS. Ointment of Bichloride of Platinum. R. Bichloride of platinum, one drachm. Extract of belladonna. Lard, two drachms, four ounces. Rub well together. As an application to indolent ulcers. Hoefer. PLATINI ET SODII CHLORIDUM. Chloroplatinate of Sodium. Mix a solution of six parts of chloride of sodium with a solution of seventeen parts of bichloride of platina ; evaporate and crys- tallize. The crystals are of a deep yellow color, soluble in water and alcohol. They are similar in their medical properties to the analogous salt of gold. Dose, one grain. Beasley. Injection of Chloroplatinate of Sodium. R. Chloroplatinate of sodium, half a drachm. Decoction of poppies, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve. Used as an injection in gonor- rhoea. Hoefer. PLUMBUM Lead. A soft, bluish-gray, malleable metal, with a perceptible taste, and a peculiar smell when rubbed. It is not officinal in its metallic state, but its preparations are much employed as sedatives and astringents. PLUMBI ACETAS Acetate of Lead. Powder of Acetate of Lead. R. Acetate of lead, Powdered opium, each, six grains. Sugar, twenty-four grains. Mix. Three grains, morning and evening. 1o check night sweats and diarrhoea, in phthisis. Foy. R. Calomel, one or two grains. Acetate of lead, half to one grain. Mix, and divide into four powders. One. every three hours, in cholera infantum of infants. Ellis. R . Acetate of lead, two to three grains. Opium, a quarter of a grain. Acetate of sodium, three grains. Sugar of milk, five grains. Mix. To be taken every hour, in hemor- rhages. Phoebus. Pills of Acetate of Lead. R. Acetate of lead, Powdered mallow, each, one drachm. Simple syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty-six pills. Four to five a day, to check sweats in phthisis. Radius. R. Acetate of lead, half a drachm. Calomel, five grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make ten pills ; one, every two to four hours, in kematernesis. Ellis. R. Acetate of lead, thirty grains. Powdered colchicum, twenty grains. " opium, three grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix thoroughly, and form into ten pills. One to be taken every six hours. Used in active hemorrhages, washed down with a draught of one drachm of distilled vinegar to one fl. ounce of water. Also given in phthisis, after bleeding, one twice a day. A. T. Thomson. R. Acetate of lead, one scruple. Opium, one grain. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make twelve pills. One every hour at first, then every two hours, in cholera. Graves. R. Acetate of lead, twelve grains. Opium, six grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make six pills. One, to be re- peated according to circumstances, in he- moptysis, etc. Ellis. R. Acetate of lead, six grains. Powdered mallow, Extract of seneka, each, one drachm. Mix, and make sixty pills. Two to five, several times a day, in hemoptysis. Koop. PLUMBI ACETAS 445 Rubefacient Paste. R. Acetate of lead, one ounce. Bisulphate of potassium, three ounces. Water, sufficient. Rub into a paste. It acts powerfully on the skin. Clarus. Collyrium of Subacetate of Lead. R. Solution of subacetate of lead, twelve drops. Wine of opium, forty drops. Rose water. Mix. four fl. ounces. Ellis. R. Acetate of lead, one scruple. Lime water, twelve fl. ounces. Catechu, three drachms. two ounces. Honey of roses Dissolve and filter. This is much more as- tringent than the last. Augustin. Solution of Subacetate of Lead. (Goulard's Extract.) R. Acetate of lead, sixteen troyounces. Powdered litharge, nine troyounces and a half. Boiling water, four pints. Boil together for half an hour, adding dis- tilled water so as to preserve the measure, filter, and keep in close-stopped bottles. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. directs to boil five ounces of acetate of lead, three and a half of litharge, and twenty of distilled water. Ph. Germ, directs to triturate three parts of acetate with one of finely pow- dered litharge, to heat in a porcelain vessel by a water-bath, until the mass becomes white, when it is agitated with ten parts of hot water until cold, then filtered. The diluted solution, or lead-water, is made by mixing three fl. drachms of the above solution to a pint of distilled water, U. S. Ph.; from half a fl. ounce each of the above solution and alcohol, and thirty- nine fl. ounces of distilled water, Brit. Ph.; from one part of above solution and forty- nine parts of distilled water, Ph. Germ. Vegeto-Mineral "Water of Goulard. R. Solution of subacetate of lead, one part. Alcohol (.921), four parts. Distilled water, forty-five parts. Mix. Ph. Germ, and Paris Codex. Used in fomentations, lotions, and cata- plasms, and may always be replaced by the diluted solution of the subacetate. Acetate of Lead Gargle. R. Acetate of lead, sixty grains. Extract of opium, six grains. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. S} T rup of mulberries, one ounce. Mix. Pierquin. R Subacetate of Lead Gargle. Solution of subacetate of lead, half a fl. drachm. Barley- water, one pint. Simple syrup, one ounce. Mix. Radius. Acetate of Lead Mixture. R. Acetate of lead, half an ounce. Sulphate of iron, three drachms. Vinegar, Alcohol, each, two fl. ounces. Rose water, six fl. drachms. Dissolve the acetate in the vinegar with a gentle heat; add the sulphate, and then the alcohol, mixed with the rose water. Highly praised in the sweats and colliqua- tive diarrhoea of phthisis ; in gonorrhoea and nocturnal emissions. Gormann. Goulard's Balsam. R. Oil of turpentine, at will. Heat, and gradually add Acetate of lead, sufficient. Constantly stirring, till no more will dis- solve ; let rest, and decant while hot. Used as an application to eroding and painful ulcers. Van Mons. Acetate of Lead Cerate. R. Acetate of lead, four parts. Soap, one part and a half. Mix thoroughly in a heated mortar, and add White wax, three parts. Previously melted with Olive oil, Mix well. three parts. Van Mons. Subacetate of Lead Cerate. (Goulard's Cerate.) R. Solution of subacetate of lead, two fl. ounces and a half. White wax, four troj-ounces. 446 PLUMEI ACETAS Olive oil, eight troyounces. Camphor, half a drachm. Melt the wax, and mix with seven ounces of the oil ; remove from fire, and when it begins to thicken, gradually add solution of subacetate of lead ; stir till cool, then add camphor, dissolved in rest of oil, and mix. U. S. Ph. The formula of Brit. Ph. is very similar, almond oil being used instead of olive oil. R. Yellow wax, eight parts. Lard, twenty-nine parts. Melt together; when nearly cool add Solution of subacetate of lead, three parts. Mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. R. Simple cerate, three hundred and fifty grains. Olive oil, fifty grains. Goulard's extract, one fl. drachm and a half. Liniment of camphor, twelve grains. Mix thoroughly. For extemporaneous preparation. U. S. Ph. Liniment of Subacetate of Lead. R. Olive oil, three troyounces. Solution of subacetate of lead, two troyounces. Mix. V. S. Ph. R. Solution of sub- acetate of lead, Laudanum, Honey of roses, Conserve of roses, Mix. each, two fl. drachms. one ounce. Guy's Hosp. Injection of Acetate of Lead. R. Acetate of lead. ten grains, ten minims. Diluted acetic acid, Acetate of morphia, a quarter grain. Tepid water, four 11. ounces. Mix. In dysentery. Waring. Subacetate of Lead Injection. H. Solution of subacetate of lead, two fl. drachms. Distilled vinegar, eight fl. ounces. Rose water, twenty-four 11. ounces. Mix. In leucorrhcea. Young. Injection of Subacetate of Lead and Lime Water. R. Solution of subacetate of lead, thirty -four drops. Lime water, four fl. ounces. Olive oil, two fl. drachms. Mix, and shake whenever used. In inflam- mation of the prostate and urethra. Foy. Liniment for Milk Abscess. R. Olive oil, two ounces. Lead water, one drachm. Ether, two drachms. Laudanum, one drachm. Mix. A rag moistened with this liniment to be frequently applied to the inflamed part. Dewees. R. Acetate of lead, Distilled vinegar, Dissolve, and add Alcohol, Distilled water, Mix. To be applied as above. one drachm, two ounces. one ounce, five ounces. Clarke. Acetate of Lead Lotion. R. Diluted solution of subacetate of lead, one fl. ounce. Spirit of camphor, three fl. ounces. Water, one pint. Mix. As an application to old ulcers. Ellis. Subacetate of Lead Cataplasm. R. Common cataplasm, four ounces. Solution of subacetate of lead, one fl. ounce. Chloride of ammonium, half a drachm. Mix. As an application to indolent tumorsl Radius. Suppositories of Lead. R. Acetate of lead, thirty-six grains. Oil of theobroma, three hundred and twenty-four grains. Mix the acetate with sixty grains of the oil, ;id one Gamboge, in powder, ) drachm. Rub together for half an hour, and add Castile soap, half a drachm. Beat into a mass, and divide into one hun- dred and twenty pills. Eel. Med. Jour. POLYGALA RUBELLA. Bitter Polygala. Besides the root of Polygala senega, several species have been used in medicine, in Eu- rope P. amara and P. vulgaris, and in this country P. rubella. Of these species the entire plants are usually collected. They have a bitter, somewhat sweetish and slight- ly acrid taste, and have been employed as tonics, and in larger doses as diaphoretics, mainly iu the form of infusion. POTASSIUM. Potassium Is a soft, silver-white metal, readily ox- idizable by the action of the air ; when thrown on water, it takes fire and burns with a rose-colored flame, combining with oxygen, and forming potassa, which is dis- solved in the water. It must be kept in liquids into whose composition no oxygen enters, as naphtha, etc. It is not used in medicine, but its numerous compounds are highly important. R. Fused carbonate of potassium, one pound. Iron filings, three quarters of a pound. Powdered charcoal, one pound. Mix, and introduce into a gun-barrel or iron bottle, placed in a furnace so made that the flame of a very strong fire may surround it, and maintain every part at a* uniform heat approaching to whiteness ; the gun-barrel or bottle is to be connected by an iron tube with a copper receiver partly filled with naphtha and surrounded by ice ; the heat is to be gradually raised until the requisite temperature is reached, when the potassium will distil over. Curaudau. 452 POTASSA POTASSA. Caustic Potassa. B. Solution of potassa, one gallon. Evaporate quickly, in a clean iron vessel, over the fire, till ebullition ceases and the potassa melts. Pour into moulds, and keep in well-stopped bottles. U. S. Ph. A powerful escharotic, used to form issues and in opening abscesses. Solution of Caustic Potassa. B. Caustic potassa, one drachm and a half. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. Dissolve. As a rubefacient in tetanus, to be applied to the spine. Jos. Hartshorne. Potassa with Lime. B. Potassa, Lime, each, one ounce. Rub together into a powder, and keep in a well-stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. Used as the above, but is slower in pro- ducing an effect. It is to be made into a paste with a little alcohol. Solution of Potassa. {Sp. gr. 1.065.) B. Bicarbonate of potassium, fifteen troyounces. Lime, nine troyounces. Distilled water, sufficient. Dissolve the bicarbonate in half a gallon of the water, and heat until effervescence ceases. Mix the lime with four pints of the water, add boiling hot to the hot solu- tion of the carbonate, boil the mixture for ten minutes, transfer to a muslin strainer, drain, and wash precipitate with distilled water to make the filtrate measure seven pints ; and keep in well-stopped bottles of green glass. U. S. Ph. B. Caustic potassa, one troj^ounce. Distilled water, one pint. Dissolve. This solution very nearly rep- resents the above. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to fifteen minims. Brit. I y h. has a solution of 1.058 sp.gr. containing twenty-seven grains of caustic potassa in the fl. ounce. The solution of Ph. Germ, contains one-third of its weight of caustic potassa, and has the sp. gr. 1.332. Lithontriptic Solution of Caustic Potassa. B. Calcined carbonate of potassium, half a pound. Burnt oyster shells, Boiling water, one pound and a half, eight pints and a half. Mix, and let rest for twenty-four hours, and then filter. One fl. drachm three times a day, in flaxseed tea, adding fifteen grains of magnesia to each dose. Saunders. Saviard's Stimulant Lotion. B. Caustic potassa, two drachms. Camphor, two scruples. Sugar, two ounces. Water, two pints. Mix. As an application to indolent ulcers. Foy. Collyrium of Caustic Potassa. B. Caustic potassa, one grain. Distilled water, one ounce. Dissolve. A drop or two to be introduced into the eye, to remove specks on the cornea. Gimbernat. B. Caustic potassa, Extract of opium, Distilled water, Dissolve, and filter. In chronic ophthal- mia. Hamb. Ph. one gram. four grains. four fl. ounces. Mixture of Caustic Potassa. B. Tincture of caustic potassa, half an ounce. Volatile tincture of guaiacum, two drachms. Laudanum, half a drachm. Mix. Twenty drops, three times a day, in gout. Grcefe. Injection of Caustic Potassa. B. Caustic potassa, Chamomile water, Laudanum, Mix. As an injection into the ear, in deafness. Rust. half a grain, one ounce and a half, five drops. B. Caustic potassa, Distilled water, two grains, one ounce. Dissolve. As an injection at the commence- ment of gonorrhoea. Girtanner. POTASSA CHLOEINATA. — POTASSII ACETAS. 453 POTASSA CHLORINATA, Chlorinated Potassa. Solution of Chlorinated Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassium, one part. Water, ten parts. Dissolve, and pass a current of chlorine gas through the solution, till it is saturated, and preserve in well-stopped bottles. This is known as Eau de Javelle, and is princi- cipally used for bleaching, but may be em- ployed as a disinfectant, like Labarraque's liquid. Guibourt. POTASH ACETAS. Acetate of Potassium. R Acetic acid, one pint. Bicarbonate of potassium, sufficient to saturate. To be added gradually ; filter ; evaporate cautiously to dryness, by means of a sand-bath ; keep iu closely-stopped bottles. U. S. Ph. A diuretic, in doses of a scruple to a drachm ; as a laxative, in doses of two or three drachms. Scillitic Acetate of Potassium. R. Carbonate of potassium, half an ounce. Vinegar of squill, twelve fl. ounces. Evaporate to the consistence of honev, and add Alcohol (.842), six fl. ounces. Decant, after digesting for a few days. Dose, forty to sixty drops, in some demul- cent fluid, in dropsy and asthma. Keup. Bolus of Acetate of Potassium. R. Acetate of potassium, one scruple. Conserve of pot marigold, sufficient. Mix. To be taken in the morning, for some days, to retard the secretion of milk. St. Marie. Compound Pills of Acetate of Potassium. R each, one part. Acetate of potassium, Ammoniac, Pills of aloes and myrrh, Soap, two parts. Simple syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make pills of five grains. Van Mons. Conserve with Acetate of Potassium. R. Acetate of potassium, half an ounce. Sulphate of sodium, one drachm. Juice of scurvy grass,') , , fumitory. '(. «"*.**<> dandelion, ) ounces. Sugar, sufficient. Mix, and form conserve. A teaspoonful, two or three times a day, in obstructions of the bowels. Bones. R. Acetate of potassium, Powdered burnt sponge, each, two drachms. Calomel, twelve grains. Sulphuret of antimony, one drachm and a half. Jalap, sixteen grains. Sulphur, one drachm. Simple syrup, sufficient. Mix. Dose, twelve to twenty-four grains, twice a day, in scrofula. Baumes. Liquid Acetate of Potassium. R. Acetic acid, one hundred parts. Bicarbonate of potassium, sufficient. Neutralize the acid and add enough dis- tilled water to make the whole weight one hundred and forty-two parts. Its sp. gr. is 1.176, and three parts of it correspond to one part of dry acetate. Ph. Germ. R. Acetate of potassium, one part. Distilled water, two parts. Dissolve. Amster. Ph. Dose, forty to eighty drops, in an appro- priate vehicle, as a diuretic. Mixture of Liquid Acetate of Potassium. R. Liquid acetate of potassium, two ounces. Extract of Peruvian bark, two drachms. " cascarilla, one drachm. Tincture of aloes and myrrh, one ounce. Mix. In intermittent fevers, complicated with obstruction and dropsy ; in doses of thirty drops, every two hours during the apyrexia. Bortes. R. Liquid acetate of potassium, four ounces. Extract of centaury, two drachms. 454 POTASSII AESENIA8. Sulphuric ether, Syrup of kermes, twenty drops, two ounces. Mix. In dropsy and obstructions. In doses of thirty drops. Saunders. Tincture of Acetate of Potassium. R. Acetate of potassium, two ounces. Alcohol, four fl. ounces. Digest for some days, and filter. Dose, thirty to sixty drops. Bruns. Ph. Mixture of Acetate of Potassium. R. Acetate of potassium,) each, Extract of dandelion, v half an " hemlock, ) ounce. Fennel water, six ounces. Syrup of marsh mallow, one ounce. Mix. Two teaspoonfuls, every four hours, in jaundice. Quarin. R. Carbonate of potassium, fifteen grains. Distilled vinegar, sufficient to dissolve ; add to the solution Water, half an ounce. Mint water, one ounce. Pimento water, Vinegar of squill, each, one drachm. Simple syrup, three drachms. Mix. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, every six hours, in dropsy. Milman. R. Arnica root, one drachm. Boiling water, sufficient to obtain four ounces of infusion ; add Carbonate of potassium, saturated with vinegar of squill, half a drachm. Syrup of orange flowers, half an ounce. Mix. A spoonful every two hours in dropsy. Wendt. R. Acetate of potassium, Oxymel of squill, each, one drachm. Linden water, four (Irachms. Wine of opium, fifteen drops. Syrup of marsh mallow, one ounce. Mix. In spoonful doses, as a diuretic and sedative. Pierquin. POTASSII ARSENITIS LIQUOR. Arsenical, or Fowler's Solution. R. Arsenious acid, in small fragments, Bicarbonate of potassium, each, sixty-four grains. Distilled water, sufficient. Compound spirit of lavender, half a fl. ounce. Boil the arsenious acid and bicarbonate of potassium with half a fl. ounce of the water, till the acid is entirely dissolved, add twelve fl. ounces of water, then the spirit of lavender, and afterwards, sufficient distilled water to make it measure a pint. U. 8. Ph. Fowler's solution of Paris Codex contains, in one hundred parts, that of Ph. Germ, in ninety parts, of the liquid, one part of arse- nious acid. Used in the same cases as arsenious acid, especially in intermittent fever. Each fl. drachm contains half a grain of arsenious acid. Dose, about ten drops, two or three times a day. Mixture of Fowler's Solution. R. Fowler's solution, sixty drops. Laudanum, thirty drops. Compound spirit of lavender, one fl. drachm. Cinnamon water, four fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful for an adult, a teaspoonful for a child, every two or three hours. When given in this form, Fowler's solution is less apt to disagree with the stomach than if administered in the undiluted state. Ellis. Mixture of Iodine and Arsenic. R. Lugol's solution, two fl. drachms. Fowler's solution, one fl. ounce. Mix. Dose, five drops, three times daily. Ellis. POTASSII ARSENIAS. ' Arseniate of Potassium. R. White arsenic, Nitre, each, one ounce. Pulverize separately, mix, and introduce into an earthenware retort ; heat to redness, as long as nitrous fumes are evolved; let cool, dissolve the residuum in four pints of boiling distilled water, evaporate, and crys- tallize Dub. Ph. 1806. Dose, one-sixteenth to one-eighth of a grain. POTASSII BITAKTEAS 455 Mixture of Arseniate of Potassium. R. Arseniate of potassium, one-fifth of a grain. Mint water, three ounces. Simple syrup, half an ounce. Mix. In spoonful doses, in the apyrexia of intermittents. Foy. POTASSII BICARBONAS. Bicarbonate of Potassium. R. Carbonate of potassium, forty-eight troy ounces. Distilled water, ten pints. Dissolve the carbonate in the water, and pass carbonic acid through the solution till it is fully saturated. Then filter and evapo- rate, that crystals may form, taking care that the heat does not exceed 160° F. Pour off the supernatant liquor, and dry the crys- tals on bibulous paper. Carbonic acid is obtained from marble, by the addition of dilute sulphuric acid. U. 8. Ph. Properties are the same as those of the carbonate, but it generally agrees better with the stomach. Dose, twenty grains to half a drachm. Effervescing Powders of Bicarbonate of Potassium. R. Bicarbonate of potassium, six hundred and forty grains. Divide into sixteen powders. R. Tartaric acid, one ounce. Divide into sixteen powders. Keep the acid and alkaline powders in papers of different colors. Ed. Ph. Usually made with the bicarbonate of sodium. Effervescing Solution of Bicarbonate of Potassium. R. Bicarbonate of potassium, thirty grains. Distilled water, one pint (imp.). Dissolve, and pass washed carbonic acid into the solution to give a pressure of seven atmospheres; keep in a well-stopped vessel. Brit. Ph. R. Bicarbonate of potassium, twenty grains. Mineral water (of the shops), half a pint. Mix, and drink in a state of effervescence. Pereira. Mixture of Bicarbonate of Potassium. R. Bicarbonate of potassium, ten to fifteen grains. Seltzer water, six fl. ounces. Dissolve. To be taken three or four times a day, as an antilithic. Ellis. R. Bicarbonate of potassium, one drachm. Mint water, six fl. ounces. Dissolve. A spoonful every hour — has been recommended in cholera. Ammon. POTASSII BISULPHAS. BlSULPHATE OF POTASSIUM. R. Salt remaining after distillation of nitric acid, two pounds. Sulphuric acid, one pound. Boiling water, (imp.) six pints. Dissolve the salt in the water, add the acid, and mix. Boil down the solution, and set aside, that crystals may form. Lond. Ph. 1836. Aperient and tonic, in doses of one to two drachms, properly diluted. Effervescing Draught of Bisulphate of Potassium. R. Bisulphate of potassa, Carbonate of soda, each, one drachm. Dissolve separately, in two fl. ounces of water, each ; mix, and take whilst effer- vescing. Barker. Disinfecting Powder. R. Acid sulphate of potassium, four hundred and ten parts. Subacetate of lead, seventy parts. Manganese, thirty parts. Reduce these, separately, to fine powder, and when wanted, mix in a proper vessel. Keist. POTASSII BITARTRAS. bltartrate of potassium. Cream of Tartar. This is cathartic, diuretic, and cooling. The dose is from one to two drachms, as an aperient ; and from half an ounce to one ounce, as a hydragogue purgative. 4,56 POTASSII BITAETEAS Dentifrice of Bitartrate of Potassium. R. Bitartrate of potassium, five troyounces. Burned alum, two drachms and a half. Cochineal, powdered, two drachms. Otto of roses, six drops. Mix. Charlard. R. Bitartrate of potassium, six parts. Powdered shell-lac, eight parts. " cuttlefish bone, " orris root, each, eight parts. I £ ™*' )each, mlstichj tW0 P artS - Triturate well together. Gnibourt. R. Bitartrate of potassium, Rhatany, equal parts. Orris root, sufficient to give an agreeable odor. Triturate well together. Ferrara Ph. Powder of Bitartrate of Potassium. R. Bitartrate of potassium, three ounces. Nitrate of potassium, three drachms. Sugar, four ounces. Mix. Dose, one to two drachms, in whey, as a laxative. St. Marie. R. Bitartrate of potassium, ninety grains. Powdered squill, two grains. u . digitalis, one grain. " ginger, five grains. Mix. Make a powder, to be taken every eight hours. In ascites and anasarca. A. T. Thomson. R. Bitartrate of potassium, thirty grains. Powdered squill, two grains. " ginger, four grains. Mix. Make a powder, to be taken every eight hours. Useful in ascites. A. T. Thomson. R. Bitartrate of potassium, six drachms. Powdered jalap, one drachm. Mix. and divide into six powders. Give one powder every three hours, in dropsical requiring purging. Chapman. Electuary of Bitartrate of Potassium. R. Bitartrate of potassium, one ounce. Powdered ginger, Conserve of roses, each, one drachm. Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. Mix. To be taken in spoonful doses, as a hydragogue purgative. Monro. Oxymel of Bitartrate of Potassium. R. Bitartrate of potassium, one part. Clarified honey, two parts. Mix. As a purgative in bilious fever and dropsies. Sivediaur. Solution of Bitartrate of Potassium. R. Bitartrate of potassium, one ounce. Water, two pints. Dissolve. To be taken freely during the day, as a diuretic. Ellis. Compound Solution of Bitartrate of Potassium. R. Bitartrate of potassium, two drachms. Manna, two ounces. Water, eight ounces. Lemon juice, half an ounce. Mix, and clarify with the white of an egg-, infuse a small quantity of orange-peel in the fluid, and strain on cooling. A plea- sant laxative. Taddei. Mixture of Bitartrate of Potassium. R. Bitartrate of potassium, two scruples. Antimonial wine, Vinegar of squill, each, half a drachm. Parsley water, one ounce and a half. Sj r rup of seneka, six drachms. Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, in dropsy supervening on scarlatina. Vogt. R. Bitartrate of potassium, half an ounce. Barley water, two pounds. Dissolve, and add Brandy, one to two ounces. Much praised as a diuretic in dropsies. Milman. POTASSII BORO-TAKTRAS. 457 R. Bitartrate of potassium, one ounce. Borax, two drachms. Boiling water, sufficient to dissolve. To ten ounces of the cooled solution add Nitrate of potassium, two drachms. Ox}inel, two ounces. Mix. Beasley. R. Bitartrate of potassium, Extract of horehound, each, two drachms. Balm water, three ounces. Mix. One-half to be taken morning and evening, in hemorrhoids, with constipation. Augustin. Imperial Drink. R. Bitartrate of potassium, half an ounce. Lemon, cut into slices, one. White sugar, half a pound. Water, three pints. Mix. Let stand for half an hour, and strain. A pleasant, cooling drink. Gray. POTASSII BORAS. Borate of Potassium. R. Boracic acid, six parts. Bicarbonate of potassium, five parts. Mix, and heat to redness in a crucible, dis- solve the residuum in water, filter, and evaporate to dryness. Dose, a few grains, Beasley. in calculous disorders. POTASSII BORO-TARTRAS. BORO-TARTRATE OP POTASSIUM. R. Powdered bitartrate of potassium, four ounces. Boracic acid, one ounce. Water, three pints. Mix, and put in a silver basin, and boil till most of tbe water is evaporated, and con- tinue the evaporation by a gentle heat, con- stantly stirring. When the matter has be- come thick, take it up in portions, flatten them, and dry in a stove ; reduce them to powder, and keep in well-closed bottles. Paris Codex. R. Borax, Boiling water, two parts, twenty parts. Dissolve, and digest with Purified cream of tartar, five parts. Filter and evaporate on a vapor-bath until it becomes a tenacious mass; place on paper, dry by a gentle heat, and rub to powder. Ph. Germ. This is known as soluble cream of tartar. It is purgative in about the same dose as cream of tartar. That made with borax is deliquescent. Powder of Boro-tartrate of Potassium. R. Cream of tartar, one ounce. Borax, three drachms. Sugar, two ounces. Mix, and divide into three powders ; one to be taken, in a glass of water, every half hour. Pierquin. Compound Pills of Boro-tartrate of Potassium. R. Boro-tartrate of potassium, one drachm and a half. Extract of buckbean, two ounces. Seneka snakeroot, two drachms. Colchicum, one drachm and a half. Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, six to twelve every two hours, as a hydra- gogue purgative. Augustin. Solution of Boro-tartrate of Potassium. R. Boro-tartrate of potassium, five drachms. Sugar, twenty drachms. Boiling water, twenty-seven troyounces. Dissolve. A laxative drink. Paris Codex. Mixture of Boro-tartrate of Potassium. R. Boro-tartrate of potassium, one ounce. Mint water, eight ounces. Spirit of nitrous ether, two drachms. Oxymel of squill, one ounce. Mix. Two spoonfuls- every two hours, as a diuretic. Selig. R. Boro-tartrate of potassium, half an ounce. Tartar emetic, one grain. Water, four ounces. 458 POTASSII BEOMIDUM. — POTASSII CAEBONAS. Mix. In spoonful doses, in congestion of the head. Radius. Boro-tartrate of Potassium and Magnesium. R. Boro-tartrate of potassium, one part. Carbonate of magnesium, one-fourth part. Water, six parts. Dissolve the boro-tartrate in the water, sat- urate with the magnesia, evaporate care- fully, till reduced to a tenacious paste, which divide into small masses, and dry in a stove. Mailliere Renault. Mixture of Boro-tartrate of Potassium and Magnesium. R. Boro-tartrate of potassium and magnesium, thirty parts. Citric acid, two parts. Syrup of lemon, sixty parts. Warm water, three hundred parts. Dissolve. Mailliere Renault. POTASSII BROMIDUM. Bromide op Potassium. R. Bromine, two ounces. Iron filings, one ounce. Carbonate of potassium, two ounces and one drachm. Distilled water, four pints. To a pint and a half of the water, first add the iron and then the bromine. Set them aside for half an hour, occasionally stirring. Apply a gentle heat, and when the liquid becomes greenish, add the carbonate of po- tassium dissolved in a pint and a half of the water. Strain, and wash what remains in a pint of boiling distilled water, and again strain. Evaporate the mixed liquors to crystallization. U. &. Ph. Stimulant, anaphrodisiac, antispasmodic, sedative, and soporific; used in diseases of the nervous system in doses of five to thirty grains ; also as an alterative and resolvent, both externally and internally, in broncho- cele and scrofula, in doses of two to ten grains three times a day. Solution of Bromide of Potassium. R. Bromide of potassium, twelve grains. Lettuce water, three ounces. Syrup of marsh mallow, one ounce. Mix. To be given in tablespoouful doses, in the twenty-four hours, in scrofula. Foy. R. Bromide of potassium, two drachms. Syrup of orange-peel, one fl. ounce. Water, three fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, a dessertspoonful thrice daily in epileptiform convulsions and hysteria. Waring. R. Bromide of potassium, two drachms. Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. A dessertspoonful in the even- ing, to be repeated at bedtime, in insomnia. Brown-Se'quard. Ointment of Bromide of Potassium. R. Bromide of potassium, thirty-four grains. Lard, one ounce. Mix. In frictions on scrofulous swellings, and to tinea and tetter. Magendie. Compound Ointment of Bromide of Potassium. R. Bromide of potassium, twenty-four grains. Liquid bromine, six to twelve drops. Lard, Mix. one ounce. Magendie. POTASSII BICHROMAS. Bichromate op Potassium. Large crystals having a deep orange-red color, and a strongly acrid and metallic taste. It is not used medicinally, but is employed in preparing chromic acid and for oxidizing amylic alcohol to valerianic acid. It acts as an escharotic. POTASSII CARBONAS. Carbonate of Potassium. R. Impure carbonate of potassium, thirty-six troy ounces. Water, two pints and a half- Dissolve the impure carbonate in the water, filter, pour into a clean iron vessel, and evaporate over a gentle fire till the solution thickens ; then remove from the fire, and stir constantly, with an iron spatula, till l lie suit pranulat.es. U. S. Ph.l Used as an antacid, and diuretic, etc.] Dose, from five to twenty grains. POTASSII CAKBOKAS 459 Pure Carbonate of Potassium. R. Bitartrate of potassium, two pounds. Nitrate of potassium, one pound. Rub them separately into powder, mix, and throw the mixture into a brass vessel, heated nearly to redness, that they may undergo combustion ; from the residue pre- pare the pure carbonate as directed for the carbonate. U. S. Ph. 1840. R. Bicarbonate of potassium, one pound. Put it in an iron crucible, heat gradually to redness for half an hour ; when cold, re- move the carbonate, dissolve in distilled water, filter, and evaporate to dryness in an iron vessel. U. S. Ph. 1870. Solution of Carbonate of Potassium. R. Pure carbonate of potassium, eleven parts. Distilled water, twenty parts. Dissolve, and filter. Ph. Germ. This is the alkaline lotion of Paris Codex. Dose, ten minims to a fl. drachm, properly diluted. Powder of Carbonate of Potassium. R. Carbonate of potassium, ten grains. Powdered chamomile, " myrrh, each, twenty-four grains. Mix. To be taken every hour, in the apy- rexia of intermittents. Foy. R. Carbonate of potassium, one part. Powdered gum Arabic, eight parts. Triturate together for a long time. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, dissolved in water, in engorgement of the bowels. Guibourt. Collyrium of Carbonate of Potassium. R. Carbonate of potassium, two to six grains. Water, one ounce. Mix. To be dropped in the eye every two to four hours, in specks on the cornea. Himley. R. Carbonate of potassium, twenty-five grains. Yeal broth, filtered, Celandine water, each, two ounces. Digest for twenty-five hours on a sand-bath, filter, and add Tincture of aloes, twenty-four drops. In specks on the cornea. Bories. Tincture of Carbonate of Potassium. R. Carbonate of potassium, one part. Calcine it with a strong heat in a crucible for two hours, pour it in a heated mortar, pulverize it rapidly, and pour on the hot powder, Alcohol, four parts. Digest for fifteen days in a stove, often agitating, and filter. Guibourt. This is a weak alcoholic solution of caustic potassa. Collutory of Carbonate of Potassium. R. Alcohol, four ounces. Essence of mint, twenty drops. " roses, eight drops. Cochineal, Carbonate of potassium, each, ten grains. Macerate for twenty-four hours, and filter. Much esteemed as a mouth wash and gar- gle, under the name of Oriental Water. A teaspoonful is to be used, mixed with a glass of water. Delabarre. Emulsion with Carbonate of Potassium. R. Carbonate of potassium, one scruple. Yolk of egg^ three drachms. Mucilage, one drachm. Oil of almonds, Cherry water, each,. one ounce. Linden water, two ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in the colic of children. Rosenstein. Fomentation with Carbonate of Potassium. R. Carbonate of potassium, Soap, each, one ounce. Elder water, two pounds. Dissolve, filter, and add Sal ammoniac, two drachms. As an application to bruises, etc. Cadet. R. Liniment with Carbonate of Potassium. Solution of carbonate of potassium, two ounces. Olive oil, four ounces 460 POTASSII CAEBONAS Yolks of eggs, two. Mix. As an application to chaps. Plenck. Lotion of Carbonate of Potassium. R. Carbonate of potassium, three drachms. Water, four ounces. In pruritus vaginae. Trousseau. R. Carbonate of potassium, one ounce. Rose water, One pound. Dissolve, and filter. As an application to chilblains. Brugnatelli. R. Carbonate of potassium, three drachms. Common salt, two drachms. Rose water, eight ounces. Orange-flower water, two ounces. Mix. As a lotion in sunburn and tan. Sundelin. Mixture of Carbonate of Potassium. R. Carbonate of potassium, two drachms. Antimonial wine, one fl. drachm. Laudanum, forty drops. Compound spirit of lavender, two fl. drachms. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or two, as an expectorant. Ellis. R. Carbonate of potassium, one scruple. Lemon juice, four fl. drachms. Cinnamon water, seven fl. drachms. Wine of ipecacuanha, fifteen to twenty drops. Mix. To be taken every three or four hours, as a diaphoretic. Burke. R. Carbonate of potassium, one scruple. Powdered gum Arabic, half a drachm. Oil of mint, two drops. Laudanum, ten drops. AVater, three ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful for a dose, as may be required, in sickness of the stomach. Elite. R. Carbonate of potassium, one drachm. Peppermint water, four ounces. Hoffmann's anodyne, two scruples. Simple syrup, half an ounce. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful in asthma, with acidity of the stomach. Augustin. R. Carbonate of potassium, White sugar, each, one drachm. Compound spirit of lavender, two fl. drachms. Laudanum, forty drops. Mint water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or two, in sickness of the stomach, with acidity. Ellis. R. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, one fl. drachm. Carbonate of potassium, two drachms. Cinnamon water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in py- rosis. Ellis. R. Carbonate of " potassium, Ipecacuanha, Calomel, Water each, one drachm and a half. two pints. Boil down to one-half in an earthen vessel. Two spoonfuls a day, in a quart of infusion of sarsaparilla. St. Marie. R. Carbonate of potassium, one drachm. Elder-flower water, six ounces. Syrup of marsh mallow, one ounce. Mix. A spoonful every hour, in angina accompanied with aphtha, in catarrhal fevers. Radius. R. Carbonate of potassium, one scruple. Cochineal, half a drachm. Hyssop water, four ounces. Syrup of poppies, u tolu, each, half an ounce. Orange-flower water, Syrup of ipecacuanha, each, one ounce. Mix. A spoonful, every two hours, in hooping-cough. Bories. Compound Tincture of Carbonate of Potassium. R. Carbonate of potassium, Cinnamon water, each, one pound. Opium, two ounces. POTASSII CHLORIDUM. — POTASSII CHLORA8. 461 Yinous cinnamon water, four ounces. Digest in a water-bath for three weeks, often agitating; and add to the filtered solution, Gum Arabic, two ounces. Carbonate of ammonium, one ounce. Cinnamon water, six ounces. In syphilis. Niemann. Ointment of Carbonate of Potassium. R. Carbonate of potassium, one ounce. Sulphur, two ounces. Lard, four ounces. Mix. As a friction in itch. Brera. POTASSII CHLORIDUM. Chloride op Potassium. R. Carbonate of potassium, at will. Dissolve in a sufficient quantity of water, filter, and add muriatic acid to saturation ; concentrate the solution by evaporation, and cool slowly, that crystals may form. Guibovrt. Formerly known as the Salt of Sylvius, and used in fever to excite perspiration, and as a diuretic, in doses of from one to two scruples. POTASSII CHLORAS. Chlorate of Potassium. R. Carbonate of potassium, two parts. Quicklime, one part. Mix, and expose to a current of chlorine gas. When saturated, heat the mixture gently, digest it in water, and separate the chlorate from the filtered liquid by crystal- lization. Graham. R. Caustic potassa, Water, one part, sufficient to form a solution of sp. gr. 1.110. Lime, five and a half parts. Mix, and heat to temperature of 122° F. ; then pass chlorine through the mixture to saturation. Evaporate nearly to dryness, dissolve in boiling water, filter, and crystal- lize. F. C. Calvert. Has been used in scurvy, chronic hepa- titis, syphilis, etc., in doses of fifteen to twenty grains. Powder of Chlorate of Potassium. R. Chlorate of potassium, six to eight grains. Sugar, one scruple. Mix. To be given two to four times a day, in phthisis, to diminish the febrile state. Radius. Stevens's Saline Powder. R. Chlorate of potassium, seven grains. Chloride of sodium, one scruple. Bicarbonate of sodium, half a drachm. Mix. For a dose. Stevens. Becommended in cholera. Solution of Chlorate of Potassium. R. Chlorate of potassium, one drachm. Distilled water, twelve fl. ounces. Dissolve. Copland. As a lotion to indolent ulcers. R. Chlorate of potassium, half a drachm. Syrup, two and a half drachms. Water, twelve and a half drachms. Mix. To be given in the course of the day, in tablespoonful doses, in cancrum oris. H. Hunt. R. Chlorate of potassium, one drachm and a half. Distilled water, five fl. ounces. Dissolve. A tablespoonful, every two hours, in obstinate rheumatism, tic-doulou- reux, etc. Knod. Lozenges of Chlorate of Potassium. R. Chlorate of potassium, in fine powder, five troyounces. Sugar, in fine powder, eighteen troyounces. Tragacanth, in fine powder, two tro3^ounces. Yanilla, thirty grains. Eub the vanilla with some of the sugar to a uniform powder, mix thoroughly with the other powders, avoiding pressure, add water to form a mass, and divide into four hun- dred and eighty troches. U. S. Ph. Each lozenge contains five grains of the chlorate. Dose, one to six. The lozenges of Brit. Ph. are nearly identical with the above. Those of Paris Codex contain one grain and a half of chlorate. 462 POTASSII CITRAS. — POTASSII CYANIDUM Gargle of Chlorate of Potassium. R. Chlorate of potassium, one part. Distilled water, twenty-five parts. Syrup of mulberries, five parts. Dissolve, and mix. Paris Codex. Injection of Chlorate of Potassium. R. Chlorate of potassium, one drachm. Water, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve. In leucorrkcea and ulceration of the os uteri; also in gonorrhoea. B. Broivn. POTASSII CITRAS. Citrate of Potassium. R. Citric acid, ten troyounces. Bicarbonate of potassium, fourteen troyounces. Water, sufficient. Dissolve the acid in a pint of water, and gradually add the bicarbonate ; when effer- vescence ceases, filter the solution, if neces- sary, through paper, and evaporate to dry- ness, observing to stir constantly as soon as the salt begins to granulate. Then rub it in a mortar, pass it through a coarse sieve, and put it in bottles, which must be closely stopped. U. S. Ph. Effervescing Draught. R. Carbonate of potassium, two drachms. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Dissolve. R. Fresh lemon juice, Distilled water, each, two fl. ounces. Mix. Add two tablespoonfuls of the diluted lemon juice, to one of the alkaline solution, and let the mixture be taken in a state of effervescence. An excellent diaphoretic. Ellis. Solution of Citrate of Potassium. R. Citric acid, half a troy ounce. Water, half a pint. Bicarbonate of potassium, three hundred and thirty grains. Dissolve, and strain. U. S. Ph. This neutral mixture is need where fresh lemon juice cannot be procured; it is as efficacious, but is Dot as agreeable. R. Citrate of potassium, three drms. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Oil of lemon, two drops. White sugar, two drachms. Mix. A tablespoonful to be taken every two hours. In same cases as the neutral mixture. Ellis, Mixture of Citrate of Potassium. (Neutral Mixture.) R. Fresh lemon juice, half a pint. Bicarbonate of potassium, sufficient. Neutralize the juice with the bicarbonate, and strain. U. S. Ph. Compound Neutral Mixture. R. Lemon juice, one fl. ounce. Carbonate of potassium, sufficient to saturate ; add Mint water, seven fl. ounces. Tartar emetic, one grain. Syrup, half an ounce. Mix. Lisbon Ph. Mixture of Citrate of Potassium and Peruvian Bark. R. Lemon juice, one fl. ounce and a half. Carbonate of potassium, one drachm. Tincture of Peruvian bark, one fl. ounce. Cinnamon water, three fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. To promote insensible perspiration while taking bark. Ellis. POTASSII CYANIDUM Cyanide of Potassium. R. Ferrocyanide of potassium, dried, eight ounces. Carbonate of potassium, dried, three ounces. Mix the salts and throw the mixture into a deep iron crucible, heated to redness ; keep up the temperature till effervescence ceases, and the fused mass concretes of a white color upon a warm glass rod dipped into it. Then pour the liquid carefully into a shallow dish to solidify, stopping before the salt becomes contaminated with the precipitated iron. Break up the mass while yet warm, and preserve it in well-stopped bottles. U. S. Ph. Dose, one-eighth of a grain. POTASSII ET AMMOSII SULPHAS. 463 R . Ferrocyanide of potassium, dried, eight ounces. Pure carbonate of potassium, three ounces. Charcoal, in fine powder, one ounce. Mix well, fuse in an iron vessel until effer- vescence ceases, and the fusion is tranquil ; pour out the fused mass on an iron plate, and cool. Powder when cool, dissolve in alcohol (.900), and separate and dry the crystals which form on cooling, and pre- serve them in well-closed hottles. Wbliler. Pills of Cyanide of Potassium. R. C}~anide of potassium, Starch mixed with syrup of gum, each, half a gram. Mix, and make two pills. Dose, one, morn- ing and evening. In spasmodic affections of the chest. Foy. Solution of Cyanide of Potassium. R. C}'anide of potassium, twent3 T -two grains. Diluted alcohol, nine fl. drachms. Dissolve. Equal to hydrocyanic acid. Laming. Mixture of Cyanide of Potassium. R. Cj^anide of potassium, seven grains and a* half. Distilled water, one pint. Sugar, one ounce and a half. Mix. A tablespoonful, night and morning, in pectoral affections. Magendie. R. Cyanide of potassium, four grains. Distilled water, two ounces. Syrup, three drachms. Mix. A teaspoonful, every three or four hours, in asthma and chronic catarrh. Cadet. R. Tincture of castor, } each, Musk, v- four Nitrate of potassium, ) grains. Cyanide of potassium, two grains. Linden-flower water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. To be taken in divided doses, in twenty-four hours, in chorea. Fouquier. Syrup of Cyanide of Potassium. R. C3-anide of potassium, seven grains and a half. Simple syrup, one pound. Mix. Magendie. Lotion of Cyanide of Potassium. R. Cyanide of potassium, one to four grains. Distilled water, one ounce. Mix. Foy. R. Cyanide of potassium, eight grains. Distilled water, one ounce. Mix. To be applied by means of com- presses, in cases of neuralgia, articular rheumatism, etc. Foy. R. Cyanide of potassium, ten grains. Emulsion of bitter almonds, six ounces. Mix. As an application to chronic erup- tions attended with much itching. Cazenave. Ointment of Cyanide of Potassium. R. Cyanide of potassium, one to four grains. Lard, Mix. one ounce. Lombard. R. Cj^anide of potassium, twelve grains. Oil of almonds, two drachms. Cold cream, two ounces. Mix. To be rubbed on the skin to relieve neuralgic pains. Cazenave. POTASSII ET AMMONII CARBONAS. Carbonate of Potassium and Ammonium. R. Carbonate of potassium, four parts. " ammonium, one part. Water, sufficient to dissolve the two salts. Pass a current of carbonic acid through the solution to saturation, heat gently, and let crystallize. In doses of half a drachm, in half an ounce of mint water, four times a day, in diabetes, dyspepsia, gravel, etc. Swediaur. POTASSII ET AMMONII SULPHAS. Sulphate of Potassium and Ammonium. R. Bisulphate of potassium, one part. Boiling water, two parts. 4G4 POTASSII ET SODII TARTRAS, Dissolve, and add Solution of ammonia, to saturate, and crystallize. sufficient Van Mons. POTASSII ET AMMONII TARTRAS. Tartrate of Potassium and Ammonium. R. Bitartrate of potassium, one pound. Boiling water, sufficient to dissolve; add gradually Solution of ammonia, sufficient to saturate the excess of the acid ; filter, and evaporate, so that crystals may form. Hamb. Ph. Solution of Tartrate of Potassium and Ammonium. R. Solution of carbonate of ammonium, six ounces. Add, gradually, Bitartrate of potassium, sufficient to saturate ; let stand for some hours, and filter. Diuretic, in doses of a drachm. Mixture of Tartrate of Potassium and Ammonium. R. Tartrate of potassium and ammonium, half an ounce. Fennel water, six fl. ounces. Extract of dandelion, Clarified honey, each, one ounce. Mix. A spoonful every hour, as a diuretic. Phoebus. POTASSII ET MAGNESII SULPHAS. Sulphate of Potassium and Magnesium. R. Sulphate of potassium, three and a half parts. Sulphate of magnesium, ten parts. Boiling water, sufficient. Filter, and crystallize. POTASSII ET SODII TARTRAS. Tartarized Soda. — Rociielle Salt. R. Carbonate of sodium, twelve tro} T ounces. Cream of tartar, sixteen troyounces. Boiling water, five pints. Dissolve the carbonate in the water, aud add gradually the cream of tartar; filter, evaporate to a pellicle, and set aside to crystallize. Decant, and dry crystals on bibulous paper. U. S. Ph. Mild purgative in doses of half an ounce to an ounce. ten grains. Powder of Tartarized Soda and Rhubarb. R. Tartarized soda, Powdered rhubarb, three to seven grains. Mix. To be taken every morning for two weeks, in enlargement of the mesentery, in children. Fordyce. Aperient Effervescing Powders. (Seidlitz Powders.) R. Tartarized soda, three troyounces. Bicarbonate of sodium, one troyounce. Mix thoroughly, and divide into twelve equal parts. Powdered tartaric acid, seven drachms. Divide into twelve equal parts, and keep these in papers colored differently from those of the preceding powders. U. S. Ph. For use, dissolve one of each kind of powders in some water, mix the solution, and take during effervescence. R Mixture of Tartarized Soda. Tartarized soda, half an ounce. Sulphate of potassium, two drachms. Infusion of succory, one pint. Oxymel of squill, four fl. ounces. Mix. Four spoonfuls, in the morning, with an hour's interval. In visceral obstructions. St. Marie. R. Tartarized soda, one ounce. Extract of henbane, six grains. Syrup of chamomile, one fl. ounce. Water, six fl. ounces. Mix. A spoonful every hour, in constipa- tion. Phoebus. Whey with Tartarized Soda. R. Root and leaves of dandelion, each, Fumitory, ' a handful. Water-cress, Chervil, Clarified whey, four pints. Boil for five minutes, expi ess, strain, and add POTASSII IODAS. POTASSII IODIDTJM. 465 Tartarized soda, two drachms. Hone}', six drachms. To be taken every morning, early, in four doses, with the interval of an hour. Much praised in visceral obstructions. St. Mane. Clyster with Tartarized Soda. R. Tartarized soda, Extract of dandelion, each, five drachms. Infusion of elder flowers, five fl. ounces. Dissolve. Radius. POTASSII IODAS. Iodate of Potassium. R. Iodine, at will. Caustic potassa, sufficient. Dissolve the iodine in the alkali till the so- lution hegins to become colored. Evaporate to dryness ; treat the residue with alcohol, and preserve the residue. The alcohol takes up the iodide of potassium. Ferarra Ph. R. Iodide of potassium, one part. Fuse in a capacious crucible, and gradually add to the fused salt, after removing from the fire, Chlorate of potassium, one and a half parts. "Wash the mass with some warm water, which leaves the iodate undissolved. Beasley. Syrup of Iodate of Potassium. R. Iodate of potassium, twenty grains. Peppermint water, two drachms. Simple syrup, ten ounces. Mix. Giordano. POTASSII IODIDTJM. Iodide or Potassium. R. Potassa, six troyounces. Iodine, in powder, sixteen troyounces. Charcoal, in powder, two troyounces. Boiling distilled water, three pints. Dissolve the potassa in the water, add the iodine gradually until in slight excess, stir- ring after each addition till the solution be- 30 comes colorless. Evaporate to dryness, stirring in the charcoal towards the close ; rub to powder and heat to dull redness, maintaining the temperature for fifteen minutes. Cool, dissolve in water, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. The mother- liquor yields more crystals by evaporation. U. S. Ph. R. Iodine, sixteen ounces. Distilled water, eight pints. Sulphuret of barium, sufficient. Sulphate of potassium, twelve ounces. Mix the iodine with the water, and gradu- ally add the powdered sulphuret, until the solution becomes colorless, constantly stir- ring. Heat to the boiling point, add the sulphate of potassium, boil for a quarter of an hour, and filter. Evaporate to crystal- lization. Mohr. R. Iodine, one hundred grains. Carbonate of potassium, seventy-five grains. Water, two drachms. Iron filings, thirty grains. Mix, and heat slightly, then to redness ; the resulting red powder is to be treated with water ; filtered, and evaporated to dryness. Pypues. Dose, two to fifteen grains, but has been given in still larger quantities. Pills of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, five drachms. Distilled water, six drachms. Crumb of bread, sufficient. Mix, and make three hundred pills. In goitre, leucorrhcea, etc. Pierquin. R. Iodide of potassium, fifteen grs. Burnt sponge, Extract of bittersweet, each, five drachms. Distilled water, sufficient. Mix, and make one hundred and eighty pills. Six, twice a day, in scrofula and goitre. Vogt. Lozeuges of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. Sugar, three ounces. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. One to six or more a day. Giordano. R. Iodide of potassium, seventy-five grains. Powdered coffee, half a drachm. sugar, four ounces. ±66 POTASSII IODIDUM Mucilage of gum, made with a strong infusion of coffee, sufficient. Mix. and make three hundred lozenges. Each contains a quarter of a grain of the iodide. In goitre, scrofula, etc. Pierquin. Solution of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, thirty-six grains. Distilled water, one ounce. Dissolve. Dose, ten minims. Magendie. R. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. Distilled water, one ounce. Dissolve. Fifteen drops, gradually in- creased, three times a day, in ovarian dropsy. Elliotson . R. Iodide of potassium, four ounces. Distilled water, sufficient for eight fl. ounces. Dissolve. Ten minims contain five grains of the iodide. Guy's Hosp. Injection of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, one to three grains. Distilled water, one pint. Dissolve. To stimulate fistulous sinuses in scrofulous patients. Foy. Mixture of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, one to four drachms. Lettuce water, eight fl. ounces. Mint water, two fl. drachms. Syrup of marsh mallow, one fl. ounce. Mix. Foy. R. Iodide of potassium, four drachms. Lettuce water, eight fl. ounces. Orange-flower water, one fl. drachm. Tincture of foxglove, one to two fl. drachms. Syrup of marsh mallow, one fl. ounce and a half. Mix. Magendie. In hypertrophy of the heart. A tea- Bpoonful, morning and evening. R. Iodide of potassium, two drachms. Distilled water, sixteen fl. ounces. Syrup, two 11. ounces. Mix. Two or three tablespoonfuls a day. Cazcnave. R. Iodide of potassium, half a drachm. Syrup of ginger, one fl. ounce. Water five fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful three times a day. Ellis. R. Quassia, Gentian, each, one drachm. Boiling water, sixteen fl. ounces. Macerate for an hour, strain, and add Iodide of potassium, thirty-six grains. Carbonate of potassium, two drachms. Mix. A tablespoonful three times a day. Gumming. R. Iodide of potassium, three grains. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid, ten to twelve drops. Lettuce water, four fl. ounces. S}a-up of marsh mallow, one fl. ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in phthisis. Magendie. R. Iodide of potassium, two grains. Sulphate of magnesium, half an ounce. Tartar emetic, half a grain. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful three or four times a day, in scrofula. Radius. Syrup of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, Water, each, twenty-five grains. Simple syrup, two troyounces. Dissolve. Paris Codex. Syrup of Iodide of Iron and Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, twenty grains. Concentrated solution, containing iodide of iron, fifteen grains. Orange-flower water, thirty grains. Syrup, two troyounces. Dissolve and mix. Lahache. Iodide of Potassium and Sarsaparilla. R. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. Decoction of sarsaparilla, two pints. Syrup of orange-peel, two fl. ounces. POTASSII IODIDXJM. 467 Mix. To be taken in glassfuls, during the dav. Magendie. Ointment of Iodide of Potassium. B. Iodide of potassium, in powder, one drachm. Boiling water, half a fl. drachm. Lard, seven drachms. Dissolve the iodide in the water, and mix the solution with the lard. U. S. Ph. The strength of this ointment may vary much, from containing a twenty-fourth of the salt, to an eighth or more, according as it may be required. In goitre, scrofulous swellings, etc. R. Iodide of potassium, sixty-four grains. Carbonate of potassium, four grs. Distilled water, one fl. drachm. Prepared lard, one ounce. Dissolve the salts and mix with lard. Brit. Ph. R. Iodide of potassium, twenty parts. Hyposulphite of sodium, one part. Distilled water, fifteen parts. Lard, one hundred and sixty-five parts. Dissolve the salts in the water, and mix with the lard. Ph. Germ. The addition of a little potassa, carbon- ate of potassium, or hyposulphite of sodium prevents the liberation of iodine, and pre- serves the white color of the ointment. R. Spermaceti, half an ounce. Olive oil, six drachms. "White wax, two drachms. Iodide of potassium, four scruples. Oil of lemon, " roses, each, three drops. Mix. This ointment does not change color by keeping. Kallhofert. R. Iodide of potassium, Carbonate of sodium, each, half a drachm. Rose water ointment, six drachms. Mix well. In chronic enlargement of the testicle. Walthen. Ointment of Iodide of Potassium and Opium. R. Iodide of potassium, one drachm and a half. Lard, one ounce and a half. R. Iodide of potassium, half a drachm. Extract of opium, ten grains. Simple cerate, one ounce. Mix. As a dressing to cancerous ulcers. Laudanum, Mix. one fl. drachm. A. T. Thomson. Ointment of Iodide of Potassium and Mercury. R. Iodide of potassium, twelve to twenty grains. Mercurial ointment, half an ounce. Mix. In various diseases of the skin. Blarius. R. Ointment of iodide of potassium, I each, two Mercurial ointment, f ounces. Oil of henbane, " juniper, one drachm. Mix. Schonlein. When iodide of potassium and mercurial ointment are mixed, the globules soon ap- pear ; but if the iodide be artificially dried, previously, a uniform ointment is produced. R. Iodide of potassium, three parts. Iodide of mercury, Camphor, each, two parts. Galen's cerate, thirty-two parts. Mix. Used as a friction in acute hydro- cephalus, in doses of half a drachm to a drachm. Golfin. Ointment of Iodide of Potassium and Morphia. R. Iodide of potassium, fifteen grains. Muriate of morphia, half a drachm. Lard, ten ounces. Mix. In painful tumors of the breasts, to be applied twice a day. Chomel. Liniment of Iodide of Potassium. R. Hard soap, cut small, Iodide of potassium, each, one ounce and a half. Glycerin, one fl. ounce. Oil of lemon, one fl. drachm. Distilled water, ten fl. ounces. Dissolve the soap in seven ounces, and the glycerin and iodide in the remaining water, mix the solutions, and add the oil of lemon. Brit. Ph. R. Animal soap, Alcohol, one ounce and a half. four fl. ounces. 468 POTASSII IODURETUM, Dissolve. Add solution of one ounce of iodide of potassium in four ounces of alco- hol, aromatize with a few drops of oil of lavender, and pour into wide-mouthed bot- tles. Boudet. B. White soap, seven drachms. Diluted alcohol, two fl. ounces. Dissolve by a gentle heat, and whilst warm, add Iodide of potassium, four drachms, dissolved in Diluted alcohol, four fl. drachms. Beasley. B. Iodide of potassium, four drachms. Diluted alcohol, two ounces. Dissolve. Curd soap, six drachms. Diluted alcohol, two ounces. Dissolve by a gentle heat, add the solution of iodide of potassium, and aromatize. Foy. These are used as liniments in goitre. B. White soap, ten drachms. Oil of almonds, ten drachms. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. Water, one drachm. Dissolve the iodide in the water, and add it to the soap and oil, melted together. Guibourt. Plaster of Iodide of Potassium. B. Iodide of potassium, one ounce. Prepared frankincense, six ounces. Wax, six drachms. Olive oil, two fl. drachms. Melt the frankincense and wax, add the iodide previously rubbed with the oil, and stir till cool. Lond. Ph. Soap of Iodide of Potassium. B. Camphor, one drachm. Tincture of benzoin, three drachms. Add to the solution, triturating well, Iodide of potassium, two drachms. Goulard's extract, four drachms. Add to the mixture, Oil of almonds, thirty-four drachms. Solution of potassa, two ounces. Essence of lavender, half a drachm. Mix well. As an application to chilblains. Cadet. POTASSII IODURETUM. 1 Biniodide (Super-iodide) op Potas- sium, (ioduretted potassium.) B. Iodide of potassium, twenty parts. Iodine, six parts. Mix, and triturate together till the mass is homogeneous, and of a dark brown color. Giordano. To obtain a perfectly saturated salt in solution, iodine in excess is to be added to a solution of the iodide until no more is dis- solved. In the following preparations there is a mixture of the iodide and superiodide. Ioduretted "Water. B. Iodide of potassium, six grains. Iodine, one grain. Water, tw r o pints. Dissolve. To be used as a drink at meals. Magendie. Lugol's Ioduretted Waters. No.l. B. Iodide of potassium, one grain and a half. Iodine, three-quarters of a grain. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve. No. 2. B. Iodide of potassium, two grains. Iodine, one grain. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve. No. 3. B. Iodide of potassium, two grains and a half. Iodine, one grain and a quarter. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve. The first is for young children, to be taken in divided doses, in three days ; the second for those of more advanced age, in two days ; the third for adults, in one day. Lugol. B. Iodide of potassium, six grains. Iodine, three grains. Water, sixteen fl. ounces. Dissolve. In poisoning by the vegetable alkaloids, in wineglassfuls, aftcrthe stomach has been emptied. Bouchardat. Ioduretted Baths. B. Iodide of potassium, four scruples. Iodine, two scruples. 1 Compare also the Chapter on Iodine, pp. 352, 353. POTASSII IODUEETUM. 469 Water, ten fl. ounces. Dissolve. To be added to a sufficient quantity of water. For children. R. Iodide of potassium, six drachms. Iodine, three drachms. Water, twenty fl. ounces. Dissolve. To be added to a sufficient quantity of water. For adults. Foy. Collyrium of Ioduretted Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, twenty-four grains. Iodine, one to two grains. Rose water, six fl. ounces. Dissolve. To be used four times a day, in scrofulous ophthalmia. Ryan. Ioduretted Injection. R. Iodide of potassium, four grains. Iodine, two grains. Distilled water, sixteen fl. ounces. Dissolve. R. Iodide of potassium, eight grains. Iodine, four grains. Distilled water, sixteen fl. ounces. Dissolve. To stimulate fistulous sinuses. Guibourt. Syrup of Ioduretted Potassium. R. Ioduretted potassium, twenty grains. Peppermint water, two fl. drachms. Simple sjrrup, two fl. ounces. Dissolve the biniodide in the peppermint water, and add the solution to the syrup. Giordano. Lotion of Ioduretted Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, two to four grains. Iodine, one to two grains. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve. As an application to scrofulous ophthalmia, fistulas, etc. Lugol. Caustic Solutions of Ioduretted Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, two ounces. Iodine, one ounce. Distilled water, three fl. ounces. Dissolve. Guibourt. R. Iodide of potassium, one ounce. Iodine, half an ounce. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Dissolve. Soubeiran. These two preparations are used to touch the eyelids in scrofulous ophthalmia. R. Iodide of potassium, Iodine, each, one ounce. Distilled water, Mix. two fl. ounces. Guibourt. R. Iodide of potassium,} , *°. d ™', . f oneounee. Distilled water, ) Mix. Cadet. These are used to touch the surfaces of scrofulous ulcers. Mixture of Ioduretted Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, four drachms. Iodine, two grains. Orange-flower water, Mint water, each, three fl. ounces. Mix. A dessertspoonful three times a day, in epilepsy. Magendie. R. Iodide of potassium, half a drachm. Iodine, half a grain. Syrup of poppies, half a fl. ounce. Distilled water, half a pint. Mix. Two tablespoonfuls, three times a day, in syphilis combined with scrofula. Tyrrell. Compound Ointment of Iodine. R. Iodide of potassium, twenty-four grains. Iodine, twelve grains. Lard, two ounces. Mix. Lugol. R. Iodide of potassium, two drachms. Iodine, eighteen grains. Lard, two ounces. Mix. Lugol. R. Iodide of potassium, two drachms and a half. Iodine, twenty-four grains. Lard, two ounces. Mix. In scrofulous ulcers, etc. Lugol. Ointment of Biniodide of Potassium and Opium. R. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. Iodine, fifteen grains. 470 POTASSII IODO-HYDEAEGTEAS Rousseau's laudanum, two drachms. Lard, two ounces. Mix. As an application to scrofulous ulcers. Foy. Plaster of Ioduretted Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, Iodine, each, ten grains to one scruple. Mercurial or soap plaster, two ounces. Mix. As an application to syphilitic and gouty swellings. Ebers. R. Iodide of potassium, Red iodide of mercury, each, eight grains. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, two fl. drachms and upwards, in the twenty-four hours. Puche. R. ETydrargyro-iodide of potassium, twelve grains. POTASSII IODO-HYDRAR- GYRAS. Iodo-Hydrargyrate or Hydrar- gyro-iodide of potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, eight grains, dissolved in ten or fifteen minims of water. Red iodide of mercury, eleven grains. Mix. This contains twenty grains of the hydrargyro-iodide, and is not decomposed by water. Charming. R. Bichloride of mercury, one equivalent. Dissolve in a solution of Iodide of potassium, four equivalents. Evaporate to dryness, treat with alcohol, and evaporate to crystallization. Amb. Smith. Dose, one-twelfth of a grain three times a day ; in many cases a much smaller quan- tity is required to be given. Solution of Hydrargyro-iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, three grains and a half. Red iodide of mercury, four grains and a half. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve first the iodide of potassium, and then the mercurial salt, in the water. The compound salt amounts to about eight grains. .The dose is from two to five drops, three times a day, much diluted, in dys- pepsia, enlargement of the spleen, dropsy, etc. Charming. Water, Mix. sixteen fl. ounces. Lamothe. Syrup of Hydrargyro-iodide of Potassium. R. Red iodide of mercury, Iodide of potassium, each, Syrup of acacia, Dissolve. two grains. fourteen troyounces. Ricord. Tincture of Hydrargyro-iodide of Potassium. R. Hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, one grain. Diluted alcohol, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. Ten drops three times a day. Charming. Pills of Hydrargyro-iodide of Potassium. R. Red iodide of mercury, Iodide of potassium, each, eight grains. Sugar of milk, sixty-four grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty-two pills. Puche. R. Iodide of potassium, Red iodide of mercury, each, six grains. Opium, twelve grains. Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Mialhe. Ointment of Hydrargo-Iodide of Potassium. R. Red iodide of mercury, seven grs. Iodide of potassium, two scruples. Lard, one ounce. Mix. To be applied to tumors, two or three times a day. Hildreth. R. Hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, one scruple. Lard, one ounce. Mix. Lamothe. POTASSII NITRAS 471 POTASSII NITRAS. Nitrate op Potassium. (Nitre. — Saltpetre.) Purified Nitrate of Potassium. R. Nitrate of potassium, four pounds. Distilled water, five pints. Dissolve the nitre in two pints of boiling water, and stir the solution till it cools. Decant, drain the crystals, and wash with the remainder of the water. Finally dry in an oven. Dub. Ph. 1826. Dose, five to ten grains. Fused Nitrate of Potassium. (Sal Prunelle.) R . Nitrate of potassium, at will. Melt in a crucible, and cast it into moulds. Guibourt. R. Nitrate of potassium, two pounds and a half. Melt in a crucible, adding gradually Sulphur, half an ounce. After the deflagration, and the mixture is somewhat cooled, pour it into a basin, and turn this in all directions, so that the mass may cool in a thick and uniform layer. When cool, break this in pieces. Span. Ph. This preparation will contain some sul- phate of potassium. Powder of Nitrate of Potassium and Orris Root. R. Nitrate of potassium, one drachm. Spermaceti, two drachms. Sugar, Orris root, each, one ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful, in catarrhal affec- tions. Augustin. R. Nitrate of potassium, one part. Cream of tartar, two parts. Sugar, six parts. Powder and mix. This is the Pulvis tem- per ans of Ph. Germ. Dose, ten to thirty grains. R. Nitrate of potassium, Marsh mallow root, Nitrous Powders. R. Powdered nitre, one drachm. Tartar emetic, one grain. Calomel, four grains. Mix, and divide into eight powders. One every two hours. As a diaphoretic, etc., in fevers. Dewees. R. Nitrate of potassium, two ounces. Bitartrate of potassium, four drachms. Tartar emetic, four grains. Mix. Dose, ten to thirty grains. Univer. Coll. Hosp. each, one part, two parts. Liquorice root, Gum Arabic, Milk sugar, each, two parts. Mix the powders thoroughly. Poudre tempe'rante gommeuse. Parts Codex. R. Sulphate of potassium, Nitrate of potassium, each, nine parts. Cinnabar, two parts. Rub into powder. Poudre tempe'rante de Stahl. Paris Codex. Powder of Nitrate of Potassium and Squill. R. Nitrate of potassium, fifteen grs. Powdered squill, " pimento, each, ten grains. Mix. Dose, ten grains, two to three times a day, as a diuretic. Swediaur. Powder of Nitrate of Potassium and Camphor. R. Nitrate of potassium, ten grains. Camphor, four to eight grains. Gum Arabic, twenty-four grains. Mix, and triturate well ; one-third to one- half at a dose. Foy. Pills of Nitrate of Potassium. R. Nitrate of potassium, six drachms. Powdered gum Arabic, three drachms. " liquorice root, " marsh mallow, each, three ounces. Simple syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make pills of five grains. In in- flammation of the urethra and dysuria ; five or six, three times a day. Foy. Pills of Nitrate of Potassium and Camphor. R. Nitrate of potassium, four parts. Camphor, Conserve of roses, each, two parts. 472 POTASSII OXALAS Mix, and make pills of four grains. Two to ten a day, in gonorrhoea. Guibourt. Nitrated Emulsion. R. Nitrate of potassium, two drms. Sugar of milk, one ounce. Extract of henbane, half a scruple. Emulsion of almonds, one pound. Mix, and dissolve. A spoonful every hour, in gonorrhoea. Phoebus. Cooling Lotion of Nitrate of Potassium. R. Nitrate of potassium, Sal ammoniac, each, one part. Water, forty-eight parts. Dissolve, and add Yinegar, four parts. As a lotion and application, by means of compresses, to contusions and ecchymoses. Hep. Ph. Nitrate of Potassium Gargle. R. Nitrate of potassium, seven drachms. Barley water, fourteen fl. ounces. Oxymel, one fl. ounce and a half. Mix. As a gargle, in inflammatory sore throat. Ainslie. Mixture of Nitrate of Potassium. R. Nitrate of potassium, eight grains. Tincture of digitalis, fifteen to twenty drops. Water, ten fl. drachms. Sweet spirit of nitre, Syrup of roses, each, half a fl. drachm. Mix. To be taken twice a day, as a di- uretic. Burke. R. Nitrate of potassium, ninety grains. Mucilage of acacia, two fl. ounces. Antimonial wine, forty minims. Syrup of orange-peel, half a fl. ounce. Water, four fl. ounces. Mix. One fl. ounce, three times a day, in remittent fever, with hot skin. Ainslie. R. Nitrate of potassium, eight to ten grains. Water, eleven fl. ounces. Solution of tartar emetic, fifteen drops. Simple syrup, Sweet spirit of nitre, each, half a fl. drachm. Mix. To be taken twice a day, as a diapho- retic. Burke. R. Extract of chamomile, one drachm. Nitrate of potassium, half an ounce. Chamomile water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A spoonful every two or three hours, as an antispasmodic. Radius. R. Nitrate of potassium, half an ounce. Barley water, one pound. Syrup of marsh mallow, six ounces. Oil of almonds, four ounces. Mix. A glassful every four hours, in dysury and strangury. Cadet. R. Nitrate of potassium, two drachms. Decoction of asparagus, two pounds. Oxymel of squill, half an ounce. Mix. To be taken in divided doses, as a diuretic. Brera. R. Juniper berries, bruised, two ounces. Boiling water, one pint. When cold, strain, and add Nitrate of potassium, two drachms. Syrup of ginger, one fl. ounce. Dose, one ounce to an ounce and a half, every three or four hours, in dropsy. Hartman. Nitrated Paper. Imbue paper with a solution of nitrate of potassium in four parts of water, and dry. Ph. Germ. The fumes of the burning paper for in- halation in asthma, etc. POTASSII OXALAS. Oxalate of Potassium. The article usually sold as oxalate of po- tassium, salt of sorrel, etc., is the quadroxa- late of potassium. It is not much used in medicine, but is employed in the arts, to remove ink and iron stains from linen and cotton ; to bleach the straw for bonnets, etc. POTASSII SULPHAS 473 B. Oxalic acid, one part. Carbonate of potassium, sufficient to saturate ; add to the solution three parts more of the acid ; evaporate, and crystallize. Cooley. Powder of Oxalate of Potassium. B. Oxalate of potassium, twenty grains. Tartrate of potassium, Sulphate of potassium, each, one drachm. Scammony, fifteen grains. Red saunders, ten grains. Mix. To be taken in the morning, in inter- mittent fevers. Two doses are stated to be sufficient. Giordano. Lozenges of Oxalate of Potassium. B. Oxalate of potassium, one drachm and a half. White sugar, eight ounces. Gum tragacanth, two scruples. Lemon water, five drachms. Oil of lemon, eight drops. Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. Guibourt. POTASSII PERMANGANAS. Permanganate of Potassium. R. Potassa, five ounces. Black oxide of manganese, four ounces. Chlorate of potassium, three ounces and a half. Water, fifty ounces. Diluted sulphuric acid, sufficient. Powder the chlorate and mix with the manganese and with the potassa previously dissolved in four ounces of water. Evapo- rate to dryness, powder, and in a crucible heat to dull redness for an hour. Cool, powder, boil with thirty ounces of water, decant the clear solution, repeat the boil- ing and decantation, neutralize the united liquids accurately with sulphuric acid, evaporate until a pellicle forms, and crystal- lize. Drain the crystals, boil with six ounces of water, strain through asbestos, crystal- lize, drain, and dry the crystals under a bell- glass over sulphuric acid. Brit. Ph. It has been recommended in acute rheu- matism, diabetes, etc., in doses of one to three grains in solution largely diluted; but is mostly employed externally as a mild escharotic and oxidizer. It is an active deodorizer, but seems to possess no anti- septic powers. Solution of Permanganate of Potassium. B. Permanganate of potassium, eighty grains. Distilled water, twenty ounces. Dissolve. Brit. Ph. The solution of U. S. Ph. is of the same strength. B. Permanganate of potassium, eighty grains. Water, ten ounces. Dissolve. Condy's disinfecting fluid. Squire. Disinfecting Powder. B. Permanganate of potas- "* sium, Carbonate of calcium, Starch, equal parts. Mix. Demarquay. POTASSII SILICAS. Silicate of Potassium. B. Powdered quartz or flint, one part. Carbonate of potassium, two parts. Mix, and fuse in a crucible ; when cool, dissolve in water ; filter, and evaporate to dryness. Ure. Solution of Silicate of Potassium. B. Silicate of potassium, ten to fifteen grains. Distilled water, six to eight fl. ounces. Dissolve. To be taken twice a day, to re- move gouty concretions. Ure. Soluble Glass. B. Carbonate of potassium, seventy parts. Carbonate of sodium, fifty-four parts. Silex, one hundred and ninety-two parts. Melt together. The resulting glass is solu- ble in boiling water. The solution forms a fine, transparent, elastic varnish. Db'bereiner. POTASSII SULPHAS. Sulphate of Potassium. B. Residuum of the prepara- tion of nitric acid, two pounds. Boiling water, two gallons. 474 POTASSII SULPHUEETUM Expel the excess of acid by heating the salt in a crucible ; boil the remainder in the water, till a pellicle forms ; filter the solu- tion ; set aside to crystallize ; pour off the water, and dry the crystals. Lond. Ph. 1836. A mild cathartic, in doses of one drachm ; but in doses of four or five drachms it acts as an irritant. Compound Saline Powder. R. Sulphate of potassium, three ounces. Chloride of sodium, Sulphate of magnesium, each. four ounces. Dry the salts separately, with a gentle heat ; then triturate them well together, and preserve in glass vessels. Ed. Ph. Aperient in doses of two or three drachms, dissolved in half a pint of carbonic acid water. To be taken before breakfast. R. Sulphate of potassium, two parts. Nitrate of potassium, one part. Powder, and mix. Pulvis temperans of some pharmacopoeias. In febrile condi- tions. Powder of Sulphate of Potassium and Rhubarb. R. Sulphate of potassium, one drachm. Powdered rhubarb, half a drachm. " chamomile, one drachm. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, twice a day, in sugar and water, in dys- pepsia and torpor of the bowels. Ellis. R. Sulphate of potassium, two ounces. Powdered rhubarb, one ounce. Sal ammoniac, half an ounce. Mix. Half a drachm, in same cases as the last. Pfaff. Pills of Sulphate of Potassium. R. Sulphate of potassium, two drachms. Powdered rhubarb, two scruples. Oil of fennel, six drops. Extract of blessed thistle, sufficient. Mix, and make sixty pills. Dose, five or six a day, as a purgative. Phvcbus. Mixture with Sulphate of Potassium. R. Centaury, Chamomile, each, one ounce. Water, sufficient to obtain three pints of infusion ; add Sulphate of potassium, Honey, each, two ounces. Three wineglassfuls a day, in fevers. Swediaur. POTASSII SULPHO-CYA- NIDUM. SULPHO-CYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. R. Ferro-cyanide of potassium, three parts. Sulphur, one part. Pack in a crucible, heat to redness for an hour, treat with alcohol, and evaporate to crystallization. Van Mons. R. Prussian blue, three parts. Sulphuret of potassium, one part. Put the mixture into a covered crucible, and heat to a dull redness for half an hour ; treat with alcohol, filter the solution, eva- porate, and crystallize. Van Mons. R. Digest an aqueous solution of cyanide of potassium with sul- phur, of which it will take up one-third. Filter, and evaporate. Beasley. POTASSII SULPHURETFM. Sulphuret of Potassium. (Liver of Sulphur.) R. Sulphur, one ounce. Carbonate of potassium, two ounces. Rub the carbonate of potassium, previously dried, with the sulphur; melt the mixture in a covered crucible over the fire ; then pour it out, and, when cold, put it in a bottle, which is to be well stopped. U. S. Ph. A stimulant expectorant and diaphoretic, in small doses, poisonous in large ; used ex- ternally in many cutaneous diseases. Dose, from two to ten grains, several times a day. Hyposulphited Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sublimed sulphur, one part. Solution of potassium, three parts. Mix, and lieat on a sand-bath, until it marks 89° B. Guibourt. It consists of three parts of sulphuret, and one of hyposulphite of potassium. POTASSII SULPHUEETUM 475 Ferro-Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Carbonate of potassium, Sulphur, each, one ounce. Black oxide of iron, two drachms. Mix, and melt in a crucible, pour out on a slab of marble, break in pieces, and keep in a well-closed bottle. Dose, three to four ains. Ferrara Ph. Sulphuret of Potassium and Cream of Tartar. R. Sulphuret of potassium, four scruples. Cream of tartar, four drachms. Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. Dose, one every four hours, in a glass of sweetened water. Said to be efficacious in mercurial salivation. Bories. Bolus of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, three grains. Conserve of elder berries, sufficient. Mix. Make six boluses ; one every three hours. In mercurial salivation. Brera. R. Sulphuret of potassium, six grains. Black oxide of iron, three grains. Extract of quassia, ten grains. Burnt sponge, sufficient. Mix, and make a bolus. One, morning and evening, in goitre and glandular affections. Phoebus. Pills of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one drachm. Extract of liquorice, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty pills. Two to five, several times a day. Compound Pills of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium,} each, Ammoniac, v one Extract of dandelion, ) drachm. Soap, Rhubarb, each, half a drachm. Opium, three grains. Mix, and make pills of two grains. Radius. Electuary of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Butter of cacao, Oil of almonds, two drachms, half an ounce. Melt together, and add, triturating well, Sulphuret of potassium, ten grains. Sugar, three drachms. As an alterative for children, in teaspoonful doses. Phoebus. Syrup of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, eight grains. Distilled water, sixteen grains. Dissolve, and add Simple syrup, one ounce. Paris Codex 1836. A teaspoonful, for croup in children. Compound Syrup of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one ounce. Fennel water, sixteen ounces. Simple syrup, thirty-eight ounces. Mix. Once much celebrated as Willis's syrup, in croup, etc. Giordano. Syrup of Hyposulphited Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Hyposulphited sulphuret of potassium, sixteen grains. Simple syrup, one ounce. Mix. Guibourt. "Water of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Washed sulphur, one part. Solution of potassa, eleven parts. Boil for ten minutes, and filter. Keep in well-stopped bottles. Dub. Ph. 1826. This is not analogous to a solution of sulphuret of potassium, as it contains much hyposulphite of potassium. Dose, ten minims to one fl. drachm, three times a day. Tincture of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, sixteen ounces. Digest for twenty-four hours, and strain. Quincy. Eecommended in itch, in doses of sixty drops. Lotion of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one ounce. Water, half a pint. 476 POTASSII SULPHUEETUM Dissolve. As a wash in herpetic and other cutaneous eruptions. Ellis. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one part. Water, fifty parts. Dissolve. Paris Codex. Compound Lotion of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, half an ounce. Soap, one ounce. Alcohol, four fl. ounces. Tincture of myrrh, half a fl. ounce. Lime water, one pint. Mix. As an application in tinea capitis. Ellis. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one to two ounces. Water, one pint. Dissolve. R . Muriatic acid, one to two fl. ounces. Distilled water, two pints. Mix an ounce of each solution with four ounces of warm water. As an application in psora. Alibert. R. Sulphuret of potassium, three drachms. Soap, one drachm and a half. Lime water, seven and a half fl. ounces. Diluted alcohol, two fl. ounces. Mix. Bums. Known as Barlow's lotion, and used in various cutaneous diseases. R. Sulphuret of potassium, two drachms. Soap, two drachms and a half. Lime water, seven fl. ounces. Alcohol, one fl. drachm. Mix. Biett. As a lotion in porrigo. R. Sulphuret of potassium, four ounces. Water, one pint and a half. Sulphuric acid, half an ounce. Mix. As a lotion in itch, to be used morn- ing and evening. Dwpuytren. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one drachm. Almond oil, one ounce. Camphor, twenty grains. Mix. Valentin. Sulphuret of Potassium-Bath. R. Sulphuret of potassium, four ounces. Water, twelve ounces. Dissolve, and mix with the water of a bath. Biral. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one ounce. Common salt, two ounces. Carbonate of sodium, four drms. Leaves of sage, one to two handfuls. Water, six quarts. Boil for twenty-four hours. In fomenta- tions, douches, etc., in spina ventosa and scrofula. St. Marie. R. Sulphuret of potassium, four ounces. Water, two hundred pints. Mix, and add Glue, two pounds. dissolved in ten pints of boiling water. , Foy. Injection of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one drachm. Distilled water, eight to twelve ounces. Dissolve. In gonorrhoea. Wedekind. Mixture of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one drachm and a half. Bicarbonate of potassium, ten grains. Oil of peppermint, one to two drops. Syrup of orange-peel, two ounces. Mucilage, one ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful, every two hours, as an alterative, in scrofula. Lockstaedt. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one scruple. Carbonate of potassium, ten grains. Peppermint water, two ounces. Syrup of saffron, one ounce. Mix. A spoonful, every two hours, in cu- taneous diseases. Phoebus. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one scruple. Water, one ounce. Syrup of cinnamon, two drachms. POTASSII TARTEAS. 477 Mix. To be taken in three doses, in mer- curial diseases. Dzondi. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one scruple. Kermes mineral, ten grains. Syrup of seneka, two ounces. Anisated ammonia, one scruple. Mix. A spoonful every hour, in croup. Hagen. R. Sulphuret of potassium, Sugar, each, one drachm. Water, one pint. Mix. Has been advised as an antidote in poisoning by arsenic. Augustin. Ointment of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, thirty grains. Prepared lard, one ounce. Mix thoroughly. Brit. Ph. R. Sulphuret of potassium, Carbonate of sodium, each, three drachms. Lard, three ounces. Mix. As an application in tinea capitis. Alibert. R. Soap, one pound. Water, one ounce. Soften by means of a water-bath, and add Sulphuret of potassium, three ounces. Oil of poppy-seed, two pounds. " thyme, one drachm. Mix well. Jadelot. R. Powdered soap, two ounces. Sulphuret of potassium, Water, each, one ounce. Mix well, and add, gradually, Olive oil, five ounces. This liniment alters rapidly when exposed to the air. B6ral. Compound Plaster of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, Powdered hemlock, each, two drachms. Camphor, Turpentine, each, four drachms. Soap, half a drachm. Yellow wax, Simple plaster, one ounce, four ounces. Melt and mix well. As a dressing to tume- fied lymphatic glands. Bories. Soap of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one part. Boiling water, two parts. Dissolve, and add Yellow wax, one part. Evaporate, stirring continually. Bavar. Ph. POTASSII TARTRAS. Tartrate of Potassium. R. Pure carbonate of potassium, sixteen troyounces. Cream of tartar, in fine powder, sufficient. Boiling water, eight pints. Dissolve the carbonate in the water, add gradually the cream of tartar until neutral- ized, and boil. Filter the liquid, evaporate till a pellicle forms, and set aside to crys- tallize. Pour off the liquid, and having dried the crystals on bibulous paper, keep them in closely-stopped bottles. U. S. Ph. A mild, cooling purgative, in doses from a drachm to an ounce. Powder of Tartrate of Potassium and Rhubarb. R. Tartrate of potassium, two drachms. Powdered rhubarb, " orange-peel, each, one drachm. Oil of cajeput, one scruple. Mix. A teaspoonful, three times a day, in obstructions of the portal system. St. Marie. Mixture of Tartrate of Potassium. R. Tartrate of potassium, six to eight drachms. Infusion of chicory, twenty ounces. Manna, two ounces. Mix. To be taken in the morning, in four portions, every day or every second day, for a fortnight, in chronic affections of the liver. Grant. R. Tartrate of potassium, one ounce. Extract of soapwort, half an ounce. Balm water, six ounces. Mix. Two spoonfuls, night and morning, in all forms of hemorrhoidal disease. Radius. 478 PRINOS. — PEUNUS YIRGINIANA. R. Tartrate of potassium, half an ounce. Extract of centaury, two drachms. Water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. Two spoonfuls every hour or two, in obstructions of the liver. Sivediaur. R. Tartrate of potassium, one drachm. Nitrate of potassium, half a drachm. Manna, one ounce. Decoction of dandelion, six fl. ounces. Mix. Two spoonfuls every two hours, in dropsy consecutive to scarlet fever. Phoebus. PRINOS. Black Alder. This, which is also known as Winterberry, is an indigenous shrub, found in most parts of the country, principally in low, moist situations ; flowering in June, and bearing numerous scarlet berries, which remain on the bush after the fall of the leaves. Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Aqui- folltlCGSB Linn. Sp. PI. 471. Griffith, Med. Bot. 434. The officinal portion is the bark, which, when dried for use, is in slender pieces, of a greenish-white color internally, and of an ash-gray, mixed with brown, externally ; brittle, inodorous, and of a bitter, astrin- gent taste. It is tonic and astringent, and has been used with success in diarrhoea, in- termittent fevers, etc. The dose is from thirty grains to a drachm, three or four times a day. Decoction of Black Alder. R. Black alder, two ounces. Boiling water, three pints. Boil down to a quart, and strain. One gill every two hours. W. P. C. Barton. PRUNUM Prunes. Prunes are the dried fruit of various va- rieties of I'm n iis domesiica, or cultivated Plum tree. They arc principally derived from the south of France, and are much used as an article ol* dessert ; but are also employed In medicine, as a laxative, either alone or in combination, especially with senna, as in the confection of senna, etc., in the form of pulp, Pulp of Prunes. R. Prunes, at will. Soften the prunes in the vapor of boiling water, and having removed the stones, beat the remainder in a mortar, and pass it through a hair sieve. U. S. Ph. 1850. PRUNUS YIRGINIANA. Wild-Cherry Bark. This is the bark of Cerasus serotina, though the U. S. Ph. still retains the old name of the tree as the designation for the medicine. The Cerasus serotina is found in most parts of the United States, and in some situations attains a very large size. Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Sy Drupacese. De Condelle, Prod. ii. 540. Griffith, Med. Bot. 288. The bark of both the root and branches is used, but the former is to be preferred. As dried for use, it is in pieces of various sizes, deprived of epidermis ; of a reddish- brown color, and readily pulverized ; when fresh it has an odor of bitter almonds, which is much diminished on drying, but reap- pears on maceration in water ; the taste is bitter and aromatic. It is tonic, but it also exercises a sedative action on the circula- tory and nervous systems, and is much used in a variety of diseases. The dose in pow- der is half a drachm to two drachms. Infusion of Wild-Cherry Bark. R. Wild-cherry bark, in powder, No. 60, half a troyounce. Cold water, sufficient. Obtain by percolation one pint. U. S. Ph. Dose, two fl. ounces, three or four times a day. R. Powdered wild-cherry bark, one ounce. Orange-peel, two drachms. Water, one pint. Macerate the bark for six hours, and then add the orange-peel. Dose, a wineglassful. Ellis. Syrup of Wild-Cherry Bark. R. Wild-cherry bark, in powder, No. 60, five ounces. Water, sufficient. Sugar, in coarse powder, twenty-eight troyounces. Moisten the bark thoroughly with water, macerate in a close vessel for twenty-four hours, pack firmly in a glass percolator, and displace slowly one pint ; transfer to a bottle, add the sugi tation. e, add the sugar, and dissolve by agi- n. Dose, a tablespoouful. U. S. Ph. PTEETHRUM 479 Fluid Extract of Wild-Cherry. R. Wild-cherry, in powder, No. 60, sixteen troyounces. Glycerin, four fl. ounces. Water, eight fl. ounces. Stronger alcohol, sufficient. Mix glycerin and water, moisten the powder with half a pint of the mixture, macerate for four days in a close vessel ; then dis- place, using first the remaining mixture, afterwards stronger alcohol, until thirty- two fl. ounces have been obtained. Reserve the first twelve fl. ounces, evaporate the re- mainder to four fl. ounces, filter, rinse the filter with a little alcohol to preserve the measure, and mix with the reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Very astringent and bitter, it has little sedative action. Dose, thirty to sixty minims. ' PTRETHRUM. Pellttory. This is the root of Anacyclus pyrethrum, a small plant with perennial roots and annual stems ; a native of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, hence it is also called Roman or Spanish pellitory. Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Xat. Syst. As- teracere. De Candolle, Prod. vi. 15. Griffith, Med. Bot, 402. The dried root is about the size of the little finger, with a thick, brown bark, marked with black, shining points ; it is inodorous ; its taste is at first slight, but afterwards extremely acrid, leaving a burn- ing, pricking sensation in the mouth. It is a powerful local irritant, and is principally used as a masticatory and sialagogue ; but has also been employed in intermittents, palsies, etc. Some pharmacopoeias recognize the Ger- man pellitory, which is the root of Anacyclus officinarum, a plant indigenous to Central Europe. It resembles the former in appear- ance, and has the same properties, but is rather less acrid. Lozenges of Pellitory. R. Powdered pellitory, " mastich, each, one drachm. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains each. As a masticatory in toothache. Foy. Tincture of Pellitory. R. Pellitory, one part. Alcohol, sufficient. Displace five parts. Paris Codex. R. Pellitory, four ounces. Rectified spirit, sufficient. Obtain by maceration and displacement twenty fl. ounces of tincture. Brit. Ph. Compound Tincture of Pellitory. four drachms. three drachms. one drachm. two drachms. six fl. ounces. Macerate for eight days, and filter. As a sialagogue in toothache. Brande. R. Pellitory, one ounce. Para cress flowers, four ounces. Italian elecampane leaves, one ounce. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Macerate for fifteen days, express, and filter. Much celebrated as an odontalgic, under the name of Paraguay Roux. Gray. R. Pellitory, Camphor, Opium, Gil of cloves, Alcohol, Liniment of Pellitory. R. Tincture of pellitory, six fl. drachms. Camphorated oil, half a fl. ounce. Water of ammonia, half a fl. drachm. Mix. As a lotion for chilblains and in rheumatic pains. Radius. R Plaster of Pellitory. Yellow wax, three ounces. Turpentine, two ounces and a half. Melt together, and add Ammoniac, Sagapenum, Galbanum, Powdered pellitory, " mustard, J Mix well. As a rubefacient application in rheumatism, etc. Cadet. } each, one ounce. Extract of Pellitory. R. Pellitory, ground, one pound. Alcohol, two pints. Ether, half a pint. Mix the ether with a pint of the alcohol, pour it gradually on the powder, and put it in a displacer ; when it ceases to drop, add the remainder of the alcohol, and finally sufficient diluted alcohol to displace two pints and a half in all. Allow the 480 QUASSIA. ethero-alcoholic tincture to evaporate spon- taneously, or with a moderate heat, until a soft extract is obtained. Employed to destroy the sensibility of the nerves of teeth, previous to plugging, or for toothache. W. Procter. Q. QUASSIA. Quassia. Under the name of Quassia, the wood of two different plants has been used — that of Q. amara, and of Simaruba excelsa, the lat- ter being alone recognized in the U. S. Ph. This is a large tree found in many of the "West India Islands, and known as the bitter ash. The former is a large shrub or small tree, and is indigenous to Surinam. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Simarubacese. Lindley, Flor. Med. 208. Griffith, Med. Bot. (Picraena), 200. It is found in commerce, in billets of vari- ous sizes, having a smooth, brittle bark. The wood is white, but becomes yellowish on exposure to the air ; it has scarcely any smell, but possesses an intense, permanent bitter taste. It is a pure and powerful tonic, and is much used for that purpose. It is seldom given in substance. Infusion of Quassia. R. Rasped quassia, two drachms. Cold water, one pint. Macerate for twelve hours, and strain. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. uses sixty grains to ten fl. ounces of cold water. Dose, two fl. ounces, three or four times a day. Compound Infusion of Quassia. R. Quassia, Virginia snakeroot, Orange-peel, Boiling water, Infuse and strain. A teacupful, cold, three times a day. Ellis. each, half an ounce. two pints. Extract of Quassia. R. Quassia, in powder, No. 50, one pound. Water, sullicient. Exhaust by percolation, boil to three- fourths of the bulk of the infusion, strain, and by a water-bath evaporate to the proper consistence. U. 8. Ph. and Brit. Ph. Ph. Germ, exhausts the wood by boiling with water. Dose, three to five grains. A very effi- cient bitter tonic. Tincture of Quassia. R. Quassia, in powder, No. 50, two tnyyounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by displacement two pints. U. S. Ph. Dose, two fl. drachms. Brit. Ph. directs three-fourths of one ounce of quassia to twenty fl. ounces of tincture. Tincture of Quassia and Cinchona. R. Cinchona, each, in coarse powder, half an ounce. Quassia, Colombo, Gentian, Serpentaria, Chamomile, French brandy, two pints. Macerate fourteen days, and extract by displacement. A very valuable combina- tion of bitters. Dose, one to four fl. drachms. E. Parrish. a Compound Tincture of Quassia. Bruised cardamom, " cochineal, each, half an ounce. Powdered cinnamon, Chipped quassia, each, six drachms. Raisins, seven ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints (imp.) Digest for seven days, strain, express resi- due, and filter. Dose, one or two fl drachms. Ed. Ph R. Wine of Quassia. Rasped quassia, half an ounce.l Orange-peel, two drachms J Wine, one pint and a half J QUEECUS. — QUINIA. 481 Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, and filter. Dose, three fl. drachms to a fl. half ounce, twice a day. Radius. QUERCUS. Oak Bark. Several species of oak are recognized as officinal in the pharmacopoeias, viz., the Q. alba or White oak, and Q. tinctoria or Black oak, in the U. S. Ph. ; Q. pedunculata, European White oak, in the Brit. Ph. and Ph. Germ; and Q. sessiliflora, European oak, in some European pharmacopoeias. Sex. Syst. Moncec. polyand. Nat. Syst. Co- rvlacese. "Griffith, Med. Bot. 585. The part used is the hark ; this, in all the species, is astringent and tonic, and has been used in a variety of diseases, but more generally as an external application than as an internal remedy. The dose is from thirty grains to a drachm. The infusion of roasted acorns has heen used in Europe in scrofulous affections. Compound Powder of Oak Bark. R. Powdered oak bark, one scruple. Calamus, Gentian, each, five grains. Mix. To be taken every three hours, in apyrexia of intermittents. Augustin. R. Extract of Oak Bark. Powdered oak bark, one pound. Water, one gallon. Boil down to one-half, express, and filter. Evaporate at a heat of 200° F. until it begins to thicken, then reduce by a heat of 100° F. to the proper consistence. Dub. Ph. 1826. The dose is from ten to forty grains. Decoction of White Oak Bark. R. White oak bark, bruised, one troyounce. Water, sufficient. Boil with a pint of water for half an hour, and obtain a pint of strained liquid. U. S. Ph. The decoction of Brit. Ph. is of about the same strength. The dose is a wineglassful. as an astrin- gent in chronic diarrhoea, etc. G-argle of Oak Bark. R. Decoction of oak bark, one pint. Add Alum, half a drachm. Brandy, two fl. ounces. 31 As a gargle in chronic sore throat, with relaxed uvula; and as an injection in leu- corrhoea. Ellis. R. Injection of Oak Bark. Decoction of oak bark, four fl. ounces. Powdered galls, thirty grains. Tincture of catechu, two fl. drachms. Useful as a palliative in cancer of Ashwell, Mix the uterus. Cataplasm of Oak Bark. R. Powdered oak bark, ^ , catechu, ' Barley meal, Water. S one ounce. sufficient. Boil to the proper consistence. Foy. As an application in gangrene and mor- tification. Confection of Acorns. R. Powdered acorns, three ounces. " red coral, " catechu, each, one ounce and a half. Confection of dog rose, ten ounces. Syrup of red roses, sufficient. Mix. One drachm every four hours, in chronic diarrhoea. Bories. R Acorns, roasted, Acorn Coffee. six drachms. Coffee, roasted, two drachms. Water, one pint. Boil for a short time, and strain. Two or three cupfuls a day, in scrofula and rachitis. Augustin. QUINIA. Quinine. — Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, one part. Boiling water, thirty parts. Dissolve. Add water of ammonia sufficient to precipitate the quinia, wash the precipi- tate in distilled water, and dry it. Tincture of Quinia. R. Quinia, one part. Alcohol, seven parts. Dissolve. Dose, twenty to forty drops. B&rah 482 QUI^I^ ACETAS.-QUINI^ ARSENIS. Ethereal Solution of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, dried at 212°, six drachms. Stronger ether, sufficient. Dissolve the quinia in one pint of water, with the aid of diluted sulphuric acid ; pre- cipitate with ammonia water, avoiding an excess, agitate with fifteen fl. ounces of the ether to dissolve the quinia, separate the ethereal solution, evaporate at a moderate heat to two and a half fl. ounces, and add stronger ether so that five minims of the solution shall leave on evaporation exactly one grain of quinia. Ch. Rice. For hypodermic injections. Impure Quinia. R. Yellow bark, one hundred parts. Muriatic acid, five parts. Water, five hundred parts. Boil, decant, and repeat process three times with the same proportions of acid and water; unite decoctions, precipitate with milk of lime, wash and dry the precipitate, treat it several times with boiling alcohol, mix, and filter the solutions, and distil off the spirit. Trousseau. This is said to be as active as the sul- phate, and to be less unpleasant to the taste. It is given in the same doses. Tincture of Impure Quinia. R. Impure quinia, one ounce. Alcohol, Distilled water, each, twelve fl. ounces. Mix. Piorry. Dose, a tablespoonful. Amorphous Quinia, or Chinoidin. R. Mother waters of sulphate of quinia, at will. Solution of carbonate of potassium, sufficient to precipitate. Wash and dry this pre- cipitate ; dissolve in sulphuric ether, decant, and evaporate by a gentle heat. Neligan. Tincture of Chinoidin. R. Chinoidin, two parts. Alcohol, Muriatic acid, ■lve and filter. seventeen parts. one part. Ph. Germ. QUININE ACETAS. Acetate op Quinia. R. Quinia, two parts. Distilled water, three parts. Heat, and add as much acetic acid as will dissolve the quinia, and render the solution somewhat acid. Filter whilst boiling, and set aside to crystallize. Cottereau. A more ready way to prepare it is, by mixing hot solutions of sulphate of quinia and acetate of potassium or sodium, when, on cooling, acetate of quinia will crystallize. Acts like the other salts of quinia, and is in no way superior to them ; owing to its sparing solubility in water, it has very little taste when taken in form of powder. Dose, one to ten grains, according to circum- stances. QUININE ARSENIAS. Arseniate op Quinia. R. Arsenic acid, one drachm and a half. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Quinia, five drachms. Boil till solution takes place. Filter, let crystallize, and purify by recrystallization. In intermittents. Dose, one-tenth to one- fourth of a grain. Bourieres. QITINIiE ARSENIS. Arsenite op Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, five hundred grains. Water, acidulated with sulphuric acid, sufficient to dissolve. Precipitate by solution of ammonia ; collect, wash, and press the precipitate. Dissolve it in eight fl. ounces of alcohol, and add seventy-two grains of arsenious acid, heat together, and filter. The arsenite crystal- lizes on cooling. Soubeiran. Di-arsenite of Quinia. R. Arsenious acid, ten grains. Carbonate of potassium, five grs. Distilled water, five fl. drachms. Boil for half an hour, adding water to make up the loss by evaporation, so that each fl. drachm may contain two grains of arsenic. Add Sulphate of quinia, two scruples, previously dissolved in boiling water. Col- lect the precipitate on a filter, wash and dry it. Dose, one-third of a grain, in chronic cutaneous affections. Kingdom. QUINIA HYDRIODAS IODURETA. QUINI.E BISULPHAS. 483 Bisulphate (Acid Sulphate) of Quinia. B. Sulphate of quinia, one ounce. Distilled water, twelve ounces. Dissolve with the aid of diluted sulphuric acid, evaporate, and crystallize. Used like the sulphate ; it dissolves in rather less than teu parts of water. QUINIA CITRAS, Citrate of Quinia. R. Quinia, Distilled water, two parts, three parts. Heat, and add sufficient citric acid to acidu- late the mixture ; when a perfect solution is effected, filter, and set aside to crystallize. Magendie. The dose is the same as that of the sul- phate ; it is used in similar cases. Syrup of Citrate of Quinia. R. Acid citrate of quinia, thirty-six grains. Simple syrup, one pint. Mix. Half fl. ounce to one fl. ounce, in the twenty-four hours. Magendie. QUINIJE ET FERRI CITRAS. Citrate of Quinia and Iron. (See Ferri et Quinine Citras, page 287.) QUINLE FERROCYANAS. Ferrocyanate of Quinia. R Sulphate of quinia, one part. Ferrocyanide of potassium, three parts. Boiling distilled water, sufficient. Dissolve the salts separately in the water, mix the solutions, hoil for a few minutes, then let cool; separate the resin-like com- pound, and wash it with a little water. Dissolve it in hoiling alcohol, and let crys- tallize. Dorvault. Said to he more efficacious than any other salt of qtiinia. Dose, about the same as the sulphate. Mixture of Ferrocyanate of Quinia. R. Ferrocyanate of quinia, four grs. Alcohol, one fl. drachm. Dissolve, and add Camphor water, seven fl. drachms. To be taken as required, shaking the vial. Donovan. R Pills of Ferrocyanate of Quinia. Ferrocyanate of quinia, twenty -four grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix, and make twelve pills. Two for a dose. Donovan. QUINIiE HYDRIODAS Hydriodate of Quinia. R. Iodide of Quinia. Add, by drops, a solution of twenty-four parts of iodide of potassium, in eight parts of water, to a strong solution of twenty parts of sulphate of quinia; wash the precipitate quickly, and dry in the shade. Righini. In obstinate intermittents and scrofulous affections. Bin-Iodide of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, one part. Dissolve in boiling water, and add Iodide of potassium, two parts, dissolved in water. Evaporate on a sand- bath to one-third, and allow the residue to cool ; separate and preserve the resinous deposit. Used in scrofulous enlargements of the glands. Dose, half a grain to one grain. King don. R. QUINLE ET FERRI IODIDUM. Iodide of Quinia and Iron. Pour a strong solution of acid sulphate of quinia into a fresh solution of iodide of iron ; col- lect the precipitate ; dry by pressing between blotting paper, and keep it from the air. Bouchardat. QUINIA HYDRIODAS IODURETA. Ioduretted Hydriodate of Quinia. R. Add a solution of iodide of iron, containing a slight excess of 484 QUI^IJE MURIAS iodine, to an acid solution of quinia. Treat the precipitate with boiling alcohol, and filter whilst hot, and set aside to crys- tallize. Bouchardat. These preparations are useful where an alterative and tonic are required. QUINLE ET HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Quinia and Mercury. R. Corrosive sublimate, one part. Muriate of quinia, three parts. Dissolve separately in the smallest quantity of water ; mix the solutions ; collect the pre- cipitate, and dry by a gentle heat. McDermott. Pills of Chloride of Quinia and Mercury. R. Double chloride of quinia and mercury, fifteen grains. Opium, six grains. Crumb of bread, sufficient. Mix, and form thirty pills. One, three times a day, to produce salivation. Hamilton. QUININE KINAS. Kinate of Quinia. R. Alcoholic solution of sulphate of quinia, at will. Aqueous solution of kinate of calcium, sufficient to precipitate ; filter, evaporate, redissolve, and crystallize. Magendie. Pills of Kinate of Quinia. R. Kinate of quinia, } each, Powdered black pepper, v one Extract of wormwood, ) drachm. Mix, and make sixty pills. Three, every two or three hours, in obstinate intermit- tents. Ronander. QUINIJE LACTAS. Lactate of Quinia. R. Lactic acid, at will. Quinia, sufficient to saiiirati! ; leave the solution to evaporate spontaneously, in a shallow vessel, in a warm room, till crystals are formed. Dose, three to ton grains. Bouchardat. Pills of Lactate of Quinia. R. Lactate of quinia, half a drachm. Extract of j uniper, sufficient. Mix, and make twenty pills. Two to six a day in intermittents. Bouchardat. Mixture of Lactate of Quinia. R. Lactate of quinia, seven grains. Mint water, five fl. drachms. Syrup of cloves, one fl. ounce. Water, three and a half fl. ounces. Mix. To be taken in divided doses during the apyrexia of intermittents. Bouchardat. Syrup of Lactate of Quinia. R. Lactate of quinia, fifteen grains. Dissolve in Water, one fl. ounce. Add Sugar, two ounces. Form syrup. A teaspoonful, in the inter- mittents of children. Bouchardat. QUININE MURIAS. Muriate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, one ounce and a half. Chloride of barium, half an ounce. Dissolve separately, in boiling distilled wa- ter ; mix the solutions, filter, and evaporate to crystallization. Guibourt. R. Chloride of barium, five drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Dissolve, and gradually add Sulphate of quinia, two ounces. Boil for a few minutes, filter whilst hot, and dry the crystals. Prus. Ph. 1846. R. Diluted muriatic acid, at will Quinia, sufficient to saturate ; evaporate, and crystallize. Dose, from half a grain to a grain. Coltereau. Mixture of Muriate of Quinia. R. Muriate of quinia, twelve grains. Diluted muriatic acid, five minims. Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. Syrup of orange flowers, one fl. ounce. Mix. Dose, one fluidounce. Ndigan. QUINIA NITEAS. QUINIiE SULPHAS. 485 R. Muriate of quinia, eight grains. Fennel water, five fl. ounces. Muriatic ether, one fl. drachm. Sugar, half an ounce. Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. Radius. R. Muriate of quinia, one scruple. Peppermint water, half a fl. ounce. Mix. Twenty to sixty drops, every two hours, in intermittents of children. Radius. QUININE NITRAS. Nitrate of Quinia. R. Diluted nitric acid, at will. Quinia, sufficient to saturate ; boil with animal charcoal, filter, evaporate, and let crystallize. Taddei. QUINIJE PHOSPHAS. Phosphate or Quinia. two parts, three parts. Boil, and add Phosphoric acid, sufficient to saturate ; filter while hot, and let crystal- lize. Turin Ph. R. Quinia, Water, QUININE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Quinia. R. Yellow bark, in coarse powder, forty-eight troyounces. Muriatic acid, three fl. ounces and a half. Lime, in powder, five troyounces. Water, Sulphuric acid, . each, Alcohol, sufficient. Animal charcoal, Boil the hark in thirteen pints of , water, with one-third of the muriatic acid, and strain through linen. Repeat this process twice. Mix the decoctions, and, whilst hot, gradually add the lime, mixed with two pints of water, stirring constantly, till the quinia is precipitated. Wash precipitate with distilled water, press, dry, and digest in boiling alcohol ; decant, and repeat till alcohol is no longer rendered bitter. Mix the liquors, and distil off the alcohol, till a brown, viscid mass remains ; add to this half a gallon of distilled water, heat to boil- ing, and add as much sulphuric acid as will dissolve the impure quinia; then add one ounce and a half of animal charcoal, boil for two minutes, filter while hot, and set aside to crystallize. If the solution be en- tirely neutral, acidulate slightly with sul- phuric acid ; if too acid, add more animal charcoal. Separate the crystals, dissolve them in boiling water a little acidulated with sulphuric acid, add a little animal charcoal, and recrystallize ; place the crystals in bibu- lous paper, and dry by a gentle heat. Treat the mother- waters with solution of ammonia, and proceed with the precipitate as before. U. S. Ph. Powder of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, three to twelve grains. White sugar, two drachms. Mix, and divide into six powders. Radius. Powder of Sulphate of Quinia and Tartar Emetic. R. Sulphate of quinia, ten grains. Tartar emetic, three grains. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every two hours, in the apyrexia of obsti- nate intermittents. Gola. Powder of Sulphate of Quinia and , Soda. R. Sulphate of quinia, one to two grains. Carbonate of sodium, four to five grains. Sugar, one scruple. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, morning and evening, in scrofulous oph- thalmia. Amnion. Powder of Sulphate of Quinia and Tartaric Acid. R. Tartaric acid, fifteen grains. Sulphate of quinia, one grain and a half. Mix, and add Bicarbonate of sodium, eighteen grains. Sugar, half a drachm. Mix in water, for one dose. In the apy- rexia of intermittents. Meireu. Powder of Sulphate of Quinia and Morphia. R. Sulphate of quinia, two to six grains. " morphia, half to one grain. Mix, and divide into four powders. Magendie. 486 QUINIA SULPHAS Compound Powder of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, half a grain. Powdered foxglove, a quarter to one grain. Powdered fennel, six grains. Sugar of milk, ten grains. Mix. To be taken three or four times a day, in the hectic fever of phthisis. Gunther. R. Sulphate of quinia, three grains. Opium, one grain. Gum Arabic, Sugar, each, six grains. Make a powder. To be taken just before the paroxysm of malignant intermittents. Neumann. R. Sulphate of quinia, two grains. " iron, one grain. Powdered fennel, one scruple. Oil of chamomile, one drop. Mix. To be taken every three hours, in obstinate intermittents. Phoebus. R. Sulphate of quinia, quarter of a grain. Chocolate, seven grains. Sugar of milk, two grains. Mix. To be taken every three hours, in debility of the stomach. Kopp. Pills of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, twenty-four grains. Clarified honey, inspissated, sufficient. Mix, and divide into twenty-four pills. U. S. Ph. Each pill contains one grain of the sul- phate. R. Sulphate of quinia, sixty grains. Confection of hips, twenty grains. Mix. Four grains contain three grains of the sulphate. Brit. Ph. R. Sulphate of quinia, fifteen grains. Extract of chamomile, fifteen grs. Mix, and make six pills. To be taken during the apyrexia of intermittent fevers. Elliotson. M. Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. Powdered tragacanth, one grain. Rub together, add sufficient water to form a plastic mass, and divide info six pills. E. /'arn'slt. R. Sulphate of quinia, twenty grains. Elixir of vitriol, fifteen drops. Drop the acid into the sulphate, and rub with a spatula until the mass assumes a pilular consistence. Make six pills. E. Parrisli. Pills of Sulphate of Quinia and Gentian. R. Sulphate of quinia, one scruple. Extract of gentian, two scruples. Mix, and make twenty pills. Pills of Sulphate of Quinia and Rhubarb. R. Sulphate of quinia, ten grains. Powdered rhubarb, twenty grains. Make ten pills. One thrice daily, in urti- caria. Waring. Compound Pills of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Calomel, six grains. Powdered opium, three grains. Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. Syrup, sufficient. Beat into mass, and divide into twelve pills. One, night and morning, as an alterative. Ellis. R. Blue pill mass, ^ , . , , ! 1 , r. ; . ( each, twelve Sulphate of omnia, >- ' Powdered aloes, ) grams. Aromatic syrup of rhubarb, sufficient. Beat into mass, and divide into twelve pills. One, three or four times a day. This, or the foregoing combination, is suited to the condition following bilious remittent or intermittent fevers. Ellis. R. Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. Extract of gentian, one scruple. Compound rhubarb pill, two scruples. Blue pill mass, six pills. Mix, and make twelve pills. One, three times a, day. By an. R. Sulphate of quinia, ten to fifteen grains. Dry phosphoric acid, two scruples. Powdered mallow root, four scruples. Extract of centaury, sufficient. Mix, and mala; sixty pills. Three or four pills two or three times a day, in nervous debility with tendency to abortion. Radius. QUINIiE SULPHAS 487 R. Powdered camphor, one scruple. Sulphate of quinia, two scruples. Pill of aloes and myrrh, one drachm and a half. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. Mix, and make forty pills. One, twice a day. Copland. Syrup of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, eight grains. Distilled water, one fl. drachm. Aromatic sulphuric acid, six drops. Dissolve, and add to twenty-five drachms. Paris Codex. Syrup, R. Sulphate of quinia, sixteen grains. Syrup of ginger, two fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful. Ellis. Syrup of Quinia and Coffee. R. Ground roasted coffee, four ounces. Boiling water, two pints, four fl. ounces. Make an infusion, let cool, and add Sugar, four pounds. Dissolve by means of a water-bath, and add Sulphate of quinia, one drachm, dissolved in a little water, acidulated with sulphuric acid. Bories. Mixture of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, twenty grains. Sulphuric acid, ' one drop. White sugar, one drachm. Cinnamon water, two fl. ounces and a half. Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in the apyrexia of intermittents. Ellis. R. Sulphate of quinia, fifteen grains. Tartaric acid, twenty grains. Distilled water, four troyounces. Mint syrup, two troyounces. Dissolve. Righini. Mixture of Sulphate of Quinia and Coffee. R. Strong infusion of coffee, fiYe fl. ounces. Sulphate of quinia, twenty-four grains. Sugar, four drachms. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. The coffee conceals the bitterness of the quinia. Beasley. Tincture of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, one scruple. Alcohol, half a fl. ounce. Dissolve. Dose, ten to twenty drops. Ellis. Compound Tincture cf Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, eighty grains. Tincture of orange-peel, ten fl. ounces. Dissolve. A fl. drachm contains one grain of the sulphate. Brit. Ph. R. Sulphate of quinia, foily-eight grains. Compound tincture of orange- peel, five and a half fl. ounces. Elixir of vitriol, forty-five drops. Mix. Dose, half a fl. drachm to two fl. drachms. Copland. Wine of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. Madeira wine, two pints. Dissolve. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Magendie. Aromatic Wine of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, twenty' grains. Citric acid, thiilry grains. Orange wine, twenty fl. ounces. Dissolve. Brit. Ph. A fl. ounce contains one grain of the sulphate. Liniment of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, half a drachm. Tartar emetic, six grains. Extract of opium, twelve grains. Spirit of camphor, eighteen fl. drachms. Mix. Three fl. drachms to be rubbed on the epigastrium, three times a day, in in- termittents. Schuster. Ointment of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, one ounce. Alcohol, Sulphuric acid, each, sufficient to dissolve. 488 QUINIA VALEEIAKAS. Lard, four ounces. Rub together. Half an ounce to be rubbed into the groins, in malignant in- termittents. Antonini. Plaster of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Lead plaster, six drachms. Resin, two drachms. Melt together, and add Sulphate of quinia, one drachm. Oil of cajeput, Camphor, each, one scruple. Mix. To be applied to the epigastrium as a prophylactic in cholera. Ammon. Enema of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, twelve to twenty grains. Flaxseed tea, four fl. ounces. Mix. To be, used every four to six hours. Ellis. Dentifrice of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, four grains. Prepared coral, one ounce. Carmine lake, eight grains. Essence of myrrh, two drops. Mix. Pelletier. Gargle of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. " copper, sixteen grains. Elixir of vitriol, one fl. drachm. Water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. To be used three or four times a day, in obstinate sore throat. Hartshorne. QUINLE SULPHO-TARTRAS. Sulpho-Tartuate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, four drachms. Tartaric acid, four drachms and a half. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. Dissolve. Half a fl. drachm to a drachm, in the course of the day. liUjhini. Mixture of Sulpho-Tartrate of Quinia. ]{. Sulphate of quinia, six grains. Tartaric acid, three grains. Syrup, one fl. ounce. Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful. Casorati. QUINIA TANNAS. Tannate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, one part. Water, thirty parts. Diluted sulphuric acid, sufficient. Dissolve, filter, and add solution of Tannic acid, three parts. Cold water, thirty parts. Set aside in a cool place, then collect on a filter, wash and dry at a moderate heat. Ph. Germ. Found useful in intermittent neuralgia. Impure Tannate of Quinia. R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one part. Vinegar, six parts. Macerate for twenty-four hours ; then boil, and decant. Repeat the process with fresh vinegar. Mix the decoctions, filter when cold, and add infusion of galls as long as precipitation takes place. Collect, wash, and dry the precipitate. Dose, similar to that of the sulphate. Buchner. QUIXIJE TARTRAS. Tartrate op Quinia. R. Quinia, two parts. Water, three parts. Mix, boil, and add Tartaric acid, sufficient to dissolve the quinia. Filter whilst hot, and let crystallize. Dorvault. QUINIA VALERIANAS. Valerianate of Quinia. R. Valerianic acid, half a troyounce. Sulphate of quinia, two troy ounces. Dilute sulphuric acid,) , Water of ammonia, v '«.'• . Water, f sufficient. Dissolve the quinia in a pint of water with sufficient of the acid, precipitate by am- monia, wash well to remove all sulphate of ammonium. Dissolve the valerianic acid in five pints of water, heat to 180°, add the quinia, and when dissolved, crystallize ; drain and dry the crystals, and evaporate the mother- water for further crystallization. U. JS. Ph. This may also be prepared by double, de- composition, between the muriate of quinia and the valerianate of sodium. Said to be more powerful than the sul- RANUNCULUS EESINA. 489 phate, and not to cause nervous symptoms. It is given in solution, pill, enema, etc. Pills of Valerianate of Quinia. R . Valerianate of quinia, twelve grs. Powdered tragacanth, six grains. Water, sufficient. Rub together, and divide into eight pills. Dose, one pill every hour, in hemicrania. Thomas. R. RANUNCULUS. Crowfoot. Ranunculus bulbosus is indigenous to Europe, and has been extensively natural- ized in this country ; the whole plant is officinal. Sex. Syst. Polyand. polygyn. Nat. Syst. Eanunculacese. The stem is bulbous at its base, hairy, with ternately divided leaves and bright yellow flowers ; the plant is inodorous and has, when fresh, a strongly acrid taste. Other species, like R. acris, sceleratus, etc., have been used, but the above is the only officinal one. Externally applied in the fresh state, it acts as a rubefacient, and it has been administered in asthma, dysuria, rheumatism, etc. By drying, the plant be- comes almost inert. RESINA. Resin. Resin, or, as it is generally called, Rosin, is the residuum after tbe distillation of the volatile oil from various species of the Pine tribe. In this state it is Yellow resin, or Col- ophony, which, when melted and agitated with water, becomes of a whitish color, and forms White resin. Resin, when pure, is yellowish-brown, inclining to olive or brown ; it is solid, brittle, of a smooth and shining fracture ; of faint odor, and a some- what acrid taste. It is principally used in medicine as an ingredient in plasters and ointments. Haemostatic Powder. R. Powdered resin, four parts. " gum Arabic, " catechu, each, one part. Mix. As an application to check external bleeding. Paris Codex. R. Resin, Gum Arabic Charcoal Pulverize well, and mix. Has proved use- ful in checking bleeding from wounds, etc. Bonafoux. abic, V i, S equal parts. Resin Cerate, or Basilicon Ointment. R. Resin, ten troyounces. Lard, sixteen troyounces. Yellow wax, four troyounces. Melt together ; strain through linen ; and stir till cool. U. S. Ph. As a stimulant application to blistered surfaces, burns, ulcers, etc. R. Compound Resin Cerate. Resin, Suet, Yellow wax, Turpentine, Flaxseed oil, Melt together stir till cold. each, twelve troyounces. six troyounces. seven troyounces. strain through linen, and U. S. Ph. Known as Deshler's Salve ; is rather more stimulating than the last. each, R. Common olive oil, Yellow wax, ) Resin, v Suet, ) Common turpentine, Melt, strain, and stir till cold. This is the basilicon ointment of Ph. Germ. six parts. two parts. one part. Resin, or Adhesive Plaster. R. Powdered resin, half a pound. Lead plaster, three pounds. Melt the plaster by a gentle heat, and add the resin, mixing well. U. S. Ph. R. Resin, two ounces. Lead plaster, sixteen ounces. Hard soap, one ounce. Liquefy the soap, add to the melted resin and plaster, and mix well. Brit. Ph. Plaster of St. Andrew. R. White resin, eight ounces. Elemi, two ounces. 490 EHAMNUS. — RHEUM Venice turpentine, Oil of bay laurel, each, one ounce. Melt together, and strain. An adhesive plaster. Paris Codex. Plaster of Vigo with Mercury. R. Lead plaster, two pounds, eight ounces. Yellow wax, Resin, each, two ounces. Ammoniac, ] Bdellium, | , ~ , , Olibanum, f each, five drachms. Myrrh, J Saffron, three drachms. Turpentine, two ounces. Liquid storax, six ounces. Mercury, twelve ounces. Oil of lavender, two drachms. Powder the gum-resins and saffron, and rub the mercury with the storax and tur- pentine, in an iron mortar, until globules disappear. Melt the plaster with the wax and resin, and add the powders and the oil of lavender. When cool, add the mercurial mixture and incorporate thoroughly. Paris Codex. Used to prevent pitting in smallpox, by spreading it on linen or leather, and cover- ing the exposed part. Resin Paper. R. Black pitch, Turpentine, each, six parts. Yellow wax, four parts. Resin, ten parts. Melt together, strain, and spread upon paper. Ph. Germ. This is the antirheumatic paper, a popular remedy in some parts of Europe. RIIAMNUS. Buckthorn. The "berries and juice of the /?. ealharticus, arc, possessed of active purgative proper- ties. This plant is ;i native of Europe, and is Occasionally met with in this country. European practitioners hold it in high c;-t< i-ni. Sex. Syst. PentancL monog, Nat. Syst. RhamnaceaB. I, inn. Sp. PI. 270. Griffith, Med. Bot. 217. Sometimes the berries are used, at others, their expressed juice. Dose of the dried berries one dr;u;hu>. Extract of Buckthorn. R. Expressed juice of buckthorn berries, at will. Permit the juice to undergo a slight fer- mentation, and then evaporate to the pro- per consistence. Dose, one scruple. Beasley. Syrup of Buckthorn. R. Juice of buckthorn berries, four pints (imp.). Sliced ginger, Bruised pimento, each, three-fourths of one ounce. Sugar, five pounds. Alcohol, six fl. ounces. Evaporate the juice to two pints and a half. Add the ginger and pimento, digest four hours with a gentle heat, and strain. When cold add the spirit, after two days decant the clear liquid, and dissolve the sugar so as to make the specific gravity 1.32. Brit. Ph. Dose, one fl. drachm. RHEUM. Rhubarb. Rhubarb is the root of various species of Rheum, which grow in the deserts of Tar- tary, and in the central parts of Asia. Chinese rhubarb is probably obtained from Rh. officinale. Several other species are cul- tivated in England, France, and Germany, yielding the European variety of rhubarb. Sex. Syst. Enneand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Polygonacese. Lind. Fl. Med. 358. Griffith, Med. Bot. 539. Three kinds of Rhubarb were formerly found in commerce, the Russian or Turkey, the European, and the Chinese ; the first of which is no longer obtainable, but the last is now altogether used, and, when good, it answers every purpose. All are purga fives, with some tonic and astringent powers, and are much used in various forms of disease. The dose, in substance, to produce a full effect, is from twenty to thirty grains. They are given in a vast variety of forms. Powder of Rhubarb and Magnesia. B. Powdered rhubarb, one scruple. Magnesia, ten grains. Mix. To be given in syrup, or sugar and water. Ellis. Powder of Rhubarb and Chalk. B. Powdered rhubarb, fifteen grains. Compound chalk powder, twenty-four grains. Mix. In the evening, in cardialgia. Foy. RHEUM. 491 Powder of Rhubarb and Sulphate of Potassium. R. Powdered rhubarb, one drachm. " sulphate of potassium, two drachms. Mix. Ten grains to a drachm, every morning. Fordyce. each, half an ounce. Compound Powders of Rhubarb. B. Magnesia, Cream of tartar, Powdered rhubarb, " chamomile, Oleo-sacch. of fennel, J Mix. A tablespoonful, twice or thrice a day, in obstructions of the abdominal vis- cera. Selle. B. Powdered rhubarb, thirty grains. " sulphate of potassium, " chamomile, each, one drachm. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, twice a day, in dyspepsia with torpor of the bowels. Ellis. B. Powdered rhubarb, two ounces. Magnesia, six ounces. Powdered ginger, one ounce. Mix well, and keep in well-closed bottles. U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. A good antacid laxative. Dose, five grains to a drachm, according to age. Roasted Rhubarb. R. Coarsely-powdered rhubarb, at will. Place it in a shallow ir©n dish, heat regu- larly,, so as to brown the powder, which should be so constantly stirred that the in- fluence of the heat should be uniform throughout ; when the color has changed to brown, the process is to be stopped, and the rhubarb reduced to fine powder, for use. W. Procter. B. Powdered rhubarb, at will. Heat in an iron vessel, constantly stirring, till it becomes almost black, then smother it in a covered jar. Dose, five to ten grains, as an astringent in diarrhoea. Hoblyn. Pills of Rhubarb. R. Powdered rhubarb, seventy-two grains. Soap, in powder, twenty-four grains. Beat them with water, so as to form a mass, and divide into twenty-four pills. U. S. Ph. Each pill contains three grains of rhubarb. Compound Rhubarb Pills. B. Powdered rhubarb, forty-eight grains. " aloes, thirty-six grains. " myrrh, twenty-four grains. Oil of peppermint, three minims. Water, sufficient. Beat together into mass, and divide into twenty-four pills. U. S. Ph. The pills of Brit. Ph. also contain soap equal in weight to myrrh. A warm, tonic laxative, useful in costive- ness with debility of the stomach. Dose, two to four a day. B. Powdered rhubarb, one drachm and a half. Sulphate of iron, half a drachm. Soap, two scruples. Distilled water, sufficient. Beat into mass, and divide into forty pills. In similar cases as last, three or four to be taken at bedtime. Griffiths. Pills of Rhubarb and Ipecacuanha. B. Powdered rhubarb, one scruple. 4 * ipecacuanha, ten grains. Opium, three grains. Oil of cinnamon, five drops. Gum Arabic, sufficient. Triturate together, and divide into ten pills. One to be given every two or three hours, in dysentery, to relieve tormina and tenesmus. Chapman. Pills of Rhubarb and Caraway. B. Powdered rhubarb, two drachms. Syrup, one fl. drachm. Oil of caraway, ten minims. Mix, and divide into forty pills. Kitchener. Pills of Rhubarb and Chamomile. R. Powdered rhubarb, "] } " aloes, eacn ' u .,1 r one ' f] vf\ on m Extract of chamomile, J Oil of chamomile, twelve drops. Mix, and divide into sixty pills. These are known as Speediman's pills. Beasley, 492 RHEUM. R. Powdered rhubarb, " ginger, each, half a drachm. Extract of chamomile, one drachm. Beat together, and divide into thirty pills ; three to be taken before each meal. Have been recommended in dyspepsia and chlo- rosis. A. T. Thomson. Griffitts' Pills. R. Powdered rhubarb, one drachm and a half. Sulphate of iron, half a drachm. Soap, two scruples. Water, sufficient to form mass. Divide into forty pills. A favorite remedy with the late Dr. S. P. Griffitts, to remove costiveness and impart tone to the bowels. Three or four, to be taken at bedtime. Pills of Rhubarb and Iron. R. Dried sulphate of iron, four parts. Extract of rhubarb, ten parts. Conserve of red roses, five parts. Beat into a mass, and divide into five-grain pills. Dose, two pills, as a tonic and laxa- tive. Ed. Ph. Pills of Rhubarb and Soda. R. Powdered rhubarb, ) each, one Carbonate of sodium, v drachm Extract of gentian, ) and a half. Mix, and make sixty pills. Guy's Hosp. R. Powdered rhubarb, Dried carbonate of sodium, Extract of gentian, each, one scruple. Calomel, three grains. Mix, and make twenty pills. Two, occa- sionally, in dyspepsia. Ellis. Pills of Rhubarb and Ox Gall. R. Inspissated ox gall,) Ammoniac, v equal parts. Powdered rhubarb, ) Mix, and form pills of two grains each. Lcipsic Ph. In constipation, deficiency of bile, etc. Lozenges of Rhubarb. R. Powdered rhubarb, Cream of tartar, each, two drachms. Fresh orange-peel, half a drachm. Sugar, dissolved in orange- flower water, four ounces. Mix, and make lozenges of eighteen grains. B&ral. Suppository of Rhubarb. R. Extract of rhubarb, half a drachm. Soap, three drachms. Powdered rhubarb, sufficient. Mix, and make three suppositories Radius. Electuary of Rhubarb. R. Powdered rhubarb, one drachm and a half. Sulphate of potassium, one drachm. Cream of tartar, half an ounce. Pulp of tamarinds, two ounces. Mix. A teaspoon ful. Saunders. Infusion of Rhubarb. R. Bruised rhubarb, two drachms. Boiling water, half a pint. Infuse for two hours, and strain. U. S. Ph. The infusion of Brit. Ph. is about one- fourth weaker than this. Compound Infusion of Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, Liquorice root, each, half an ounce. Aloes, one drachm. Compound spirit of lavender, half a fl. drachm. Lime water, eight fl. ounces. Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. Dose, two tablespoonfuls two or three times day, in dyspepsia. Todd. One or two fl. ounces, every three or foui hours, till it operates. Alkaline Infusion of Rhubarb. R. Bruised rhubarb, two drachms. Carbonate of potassium, one drachm Boiling water, half a pint Infuse for four hours, strain, and add Tincture of cinnamon, half a fl. ounce Copland EHEUM. 493 Extract of Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, in powder, No. 50, twelve troyounces. Exhaust by displacement, using first one pint of alcohol and afterwards diluted alco- hol. Evaporate the twelve fl. ounces first obtained, spontaneously to six fl. ounces ; evaporate the remaining tincture in a water- bath at or below 160° to a syrupy consist- ence, mix with the other portion, and eva- porate to the proper consistence. JJ. S. Ph. Ph. Germ, exhausts rhubarb with di- luted alcohol ; Brit. Ph. with a mixture of one measure of alcohol to ten measures of water ; Paris Codex with cold water only. Dose, five to twenty grains. Compound Extract of Rhubarb. R. Extract of rhubarb, three parts. " aloes, one part. Distilled water, four parts. Soften by a moderate heat, and add a solu- tion of Jalap soap, one part. Alcohol, sp. gr. 892, four parts. Mix, and evaporate to dryness. Dose, two to ten grains. Ph. Germ. Fluid Extract of Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, in powder, No. 50, sixteen troyounces. Alcohol, fourteen fl. ounces. Glycerin, two fl. ounces. Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of the mixture, pack in a percolator, add the remaining mixture, and macerate for four days. Then with a mix- ture of two parts of alcohol and one of water, displace twenty-four fl. ounces, re- serving the first fourteen, evaporate the remaining tincture to two fl. ounces and mix with reserved portion. JJ. S. Ph. Dose, ten to thirty minims. Fluid Extract of Rhubarb and Senna. R. Fluid extract of senna, twelve fl. ounces. " " rhubarb, four fl. ounces. Bicarbonate of potassium, half an ounce. Tincture of ginger, one fl. ounce. Oil of cloves, eight minims. " anise, sixteen minims. Dissolve the bicarbonate in the fluid ex- tracts, add the tincture containing the oils, and mix. Dose, a teaspoonful. W. Procter, Jr. Confection of Rhubarb. R. Powdered rhubarb, Cream of tartar, each, two drachms. Pulp of prunes, eight troyounces. Syrup of quinces, sufficient. Mix, and make a soft electuary. Dose, a dessertspoonful. St. Marie. Syrup of Rhubarb. R. Fluid extract of rhubarb, three fl. ounces. Syrup, twenty-nine fl. ounces. Mix thoroughly. JJ. S. Ph. R. Coarsely-powdered rhubarb, Coarsely-powdered coriander, each, two ounces. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Water, twenty-four fl. ounces. Sugar, twenty-four ounces. Displace the mixed powders with the mixed liquids, evaporate the resulting tincture to thirteen fl. ounces, add the sugar, and make a syrup. Brit. Ph. R. Cut rhubarb, twelve parts. Bruised cinnamon, three parts. Carbonate of potassium, one part. Distilled water, one hundred parts. Macerate over night, strain, filter, and to eighty parts of the filtrate add Sugar, one hundred and forty-four parts. Dissolve. This syrup has a fine brown-red color. Ph. Germ. Mild cathartic. Dose, for young children, one to two fl. drachms. Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, in powder, No. 50, two troyounces and a half. Cloves, in powder, No. 50, Cinnamon, in powder, No. 60, each, half a troyounce. Nutmeg, in powder, No. 50, two drachms. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by displacement one pint of tinc- ture, and add to Syrup, six pints, previously heated. JJ. S. Ph. A warm laxative in cases of children, 494 RHEUM Dose, one fl. drachm in bowel complaints, to be repeated every two hours. Syrup of Rhubarb and Senna. R. Bruised rhubarb, one ounce. Senna, two ounces. Fennel seed, Bruised cinnamon, each, two drachms. Boiling water, two pints and ahalf. Macerate for twelve hours, strain, and add Sugar, three pounds. Make syrup. Ed. Ph. 1744. Tincture of Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, in powder, No. 40, three troyounces. Cardamom, in powder, No. 40, half a troyounce. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by percolation, two pints. U. S. Ph. To prevent precipitation of the tincture, Mr. J. B. Moore suggests for the above powders the following menstruum : — Glycerin, four fl. ounces and a quarter. Stronger alcohol, seventeen fl. ounces. Water, twelve fl. ounces and six fl. drachms. The percolation is completed with diluted alcohol. The tincture of Brit. Ph. is of about the same strength, but the aromatics used are equal weights of cardamom seed, coriander, and saffron. Dose, as purgative, half to one fl. ounce; as stomachic and tonic, one to two flui- drachms. Tincture of Rhubarb and Gentian. R. Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces. Gentian, bruised, half an ounce. Diluted alcohol, two pints. U. S. Ph. 1850. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filler. In flatulent colic, etc. Dose, as above. K. Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces. Gentian, bruised, half an ounce. Virginia snakeroot, one drachm and a half. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for three days, express, and filler. Van Mons. Tincture of Rhubarb and Aloes. R. Rhubarb, bruised, ten drachms. Aloes, powdered, six drachms. Cardamom, bruised, half an ounce. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 1850. This was formerly known as Elixir sacrum, and was much used. Tincture of Rhubarb and Senna. R. Rhubarb, in powder, No. 40, one troyounce. Senna, in powder, No. 40, two drachms. Coriander, in powder, No. 40, Fennel, in powder, No. 40, each, one drachm. Liquorice, in powder, No. 40, half a drachm. Raisins, stoned, six troyounces. Diluted alcohol, three pints. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Well known and much used under the name of Warner's gout cordial, as a sto- machic and slight purgative. Dose, from a half to one fl. ounce. "Warner's Cordial. R. Contused rhubarb, one ounce. Senna, half an ounce. Saffron, one drachm. Fennel, Coriander, each, two drachms. Liquorice, four drachms. Raisins, stoned, one pound. Brandy, three pints. Mix, and macerate for a week, and strain. Dose, half a wineglassful, in atonic gout with flatulence. Chapman. Tincture of Rhubarb and Orange- Peel. R. Rhubarb, one ounce. Orange-peel, Hiera picra, each, two ounces. French brandy, four pints. Macerate, and strain. Dose, a tablespoon- ful night and morning, in gout. Graves. Tincture of Rhubarb and Anise. R. Rhubarb, bruised, Liquorice root, bruised^ each, two ounces. EHETJM, 495 Anise, bruised, Sugar, each, . one ounce. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Copland. Used as the above tincture. Sweet Tincture of Rhubarb. R. Coarsely powdered rhubarb, eight ounces. Powdered liquorice root, three ounces. Bruised anise, three ounces. " cardamom, half an ounce. " orange-peel, one ounce. Diluted alcohol, sufficient to make one gallon of tincture, by dis- placement. Dose, a tablespoonful. A. B. Taylor. R. Bruised rhubarb, one ounce and a half. " liquorice root, " anise, each, six drachms. Sugar, one ounce and a half. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for two weeks, and filter. Or prepare the tincture by displacement. D. S. Jones. Aqueous (Alkaline) Tincture of Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, cut, ten parts. Powdered borax, Carbonate of potassium, each, one part. Boiling water, eighty -five parts. Macerate for fifteen minutes ; add Alcohol, ten parts. Macerate, express slightly, strain, and add Cinnamon water, fifteen parts. Ph.. Germ. A mild purgative, where there is acidity of stomach, in doses of one-half to two fl. ounces. "Wine of Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, in powder, No. 40, two troyounces. Canella, in powder, No. 40, one drachm. Diluted alcohol, two fl. ounces. Sherry wine, fourteen fl. ounces. Displace the mixed powders with the mixed liquids, and afterwards with diluted alcohol until one pint has been obtained. Brit. Ph. uses one ounce and a half (avoirdupois) of rhubarb to one pint (imp.) of the wine. U. S. Ph. A warm, cordial laxative, in doses of one to four fl. drachms. R. Rhubarb, finely cut, eight parts. Orange-peel, cut, two parts. Cardamom, bruised, one part. Sherry wine, one hundred parts. Digest for a week, express, filter, and add Powdered sugar, twelve parts. Dissolve. Used like the preceding. Ph. Germ. R. Rhubarb, bruised, three parts. Malaga wine, fifty pints. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. Paris Codex. Used as the last. "Wine of Rhubarb and Gentian. R. Rhubarb, bruised, one ounce. Gentian, bruised, two drachms. Canella, bruised, one drachm. Wine, one pint. Macerate for three days, express, and filter. Swed. Ph. Compound Wine of Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, bruised, Orange-peel, bruised, each, half an ounce. Wine, two pints. Macerate for twenty hours, strain, and add Oleo-sacch. of mace, one ounce. Hoffmann's anodyne, one drachm. As a stomachic, a tablepoonful three times a day. Phoebus. Rhubarb Mixture. R. Bruised rhubarb, one drachm. " fennel, one scruple. Sulphate of magnesium, half an ounce. Manna, one ounce. Boiling water, six fl. ounces. Infuse and strain, when cold. As a mild purgative ; one-half to be taken at a dose. Radius. R. Infusion of rhubarb, one fl. drachm and a half. Spirit of ammonia, two fl. scruples. 496 EHCEAS. — RHUS GLABKUM, Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce and a half. Syrup of opium, six fl. drachms. Mix. A teaspoon ful every two hours, in the chronic diarrhoea of young children. Vogt. R. Powdered rhubarb, Carbonate of magnesium, each, thirty grains. Aromatic confection, twenty grains. Cinnamon water, nine fl. drachms. Comp. tincture of cardamom. one fl. drachm. Mix. Advised in constipation of anaemic females. Ashivell. R. Powdered rhubarb, one drachm. Carbonate of sodium, two drachms. Tincture of orange- peel, one fl. ounce and a half. Decoction of liquorice, ten fl. ounces and a half. Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce to one fl. ounce three times a day. Guy's Hosp. R. Powdered rhubarb, one drachm. Magnesia, one drachm and a half. Powdered ginger, one scruple. Peppermint water, one pint. Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Gregory. R. Powdered rhubarb, two scruples. Tartrate of potassium, one ounce. Peppermint water, six fl. ounces. Tincture of senna, Syrup of ginger, each, half a fl. ounce. Mix. Dose, one fl. ounce. Brande. R II (E A S . Red Poppy. The Papaver rhceas, or Red Poppy, is a native of Europe, where it is found in great abundance in cultivated grounds, and has become naturalized in many places in this country. 8ex. Syst, Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Pa- baveraceaB. Linn. Sp. PI. 72G. Woodville, Med. Bot. 387. The parts used are the petals ; these have a mucilaginous, somewhat bitter taste, and a aarcotic smell, which latter is lost on dry- ing. Their action on the system is slight ; hut they are used in Europe in the prepara- tion of a syrup, prescribed as an anodyne in the catarrhal ailections of children. Syrup of Red Poppy. R. Reel poppy petals, thirteen ounces. Water, twent}^ ounces. Heat the water on a water-bath, gradually add the petals, remove from the fire, ma- cerate for twelve hours, express, and strain ; then add Sugar, thirty-six ounces, and make syrup. When nearly cold, add Rectified spirit, two and a half fl. ounces. Its sp. gr. is 1.330. Brit. Ph. The syrup of Ph. Germ, is almost identi- cal with the foregoing, the main difference being that the infusion is strained without pressing the petals, and no alcohol is added to the syrup. Dose, one to four fl. drachms. Infusion of Red Poppy. R. Red poppy petals, one drachm. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse and strain. To be taken freely, in catarrhal affections. Cottereau. Compound Infusion of Red Poppy. R. Red poppy petals, two ounces. Diluted sulphuric acid, fifteen drops. Sugar, two ounces. Decoction of barley, one pint. Infuse, and strain. Used as above. St. Marie. RHUS GLABRUM. Sumach. A shrub-like plant, indigenous in barren soil in this country, with oddly pinnate leaves, and densely villous fruit of a bright purple color, and a so>ir taste. Sex. Syst. Dicecia Pentand. Nat. Syst. Anacardiacese. The bark and leaves contain a large amount of tannin ; the acid taste of the berries is due to bimalate of calcium ; the infusion of the latter is used as an astringent gargle in sore throat, and in mercurial sore mouth. Fluid Extract of Sumach Berries. R. Sumach berries, powdered, sixteen troyounces. Sugar, six troyounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Exhaust the powder with the diluted al- EOSA CAIIFA. — ROSA CENTIFOLIA, 497 cohol, reserve the first six fluidounces, evaporate the remaining tincture to six fluidounces, dissolve in this the sugar, and mix with reserved portion. Procter. As an addition to gargles. ROSA CANINA. Dog Rose. This shrub is a native of Europe, grow- ing in hedges and thickets. Sex. Syst. Icosand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Rosa- cese. Linn. Sp. PI. 704. Woodville, Med. Bot. 493. The fruit, called hips, which is the officinal portion, is smooth, oval, red, and of a pleas- ant, acidulous taste. It is principally used in confection. Confection of Dog Rose. R. Hips deprived of the seed-like akenes, one pound. Sugar, two pounds. Beat the hips to a pulp in a stone mortar, rub the pulp through a sieve, add the sugar and rub together till well mixed. Brit. Ph. Has been advised in diarrhoea and dysen- tery, as an astringent; but is principally used as a pill basis. ROSA CENTIFOLIA. Hundred-Leaved Rose. Pale Rose. This species, of which there are innumer- able varieties, is cultivated in every garden, but its native country is unknown, though probably it is from Persia. The petals are the only part used ; these are fragrant, and have an acidulous, some- what bitterish taste. They are slightly laxa- tive, but are principally used for making rose water. Rose Water. R. Fresh pale rose, forty-eight troyounces. Water, sixteen pints. Mix, and distil eight pints. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. and Paris Codex obtain from one pound of the fresh petals one pound, Ph. Germ, five pounds of distillate. R. Oil of roses, twenty minims. Distilled water (imp.), half a gallon. Agitate together, and filter. Dub. Ph. 32 Ointment of Rose "Water. R. Rose water, two fl. ounces. Oil of almonds, three troyounces and a half. Spermaceti, one troyounce. White wax, two drachms. Melt the last three ingredients together, on a water-bath, and stir in the rose water till cold. U. S. Ph. Nearly identical with unguentum leni- ens of Ph. Germ. R. Oil of sweet almonds, two fl. ounces. Spermaceti, six drachms. Glycerin, four fl. drachms. Oil of roses, ik bergamot, each, two drops. Melt the spermaceti with a gentle heat, stir in the oil of almonds gradually, remove the mixture from the fire, stir constantly, adding the glycerin, and finally incorporate the volatile oils. Jos. Laidley. Much used, under the name of Cold cream, as a cooling application to irritated surfaces. R. Lard, ten parts. White wax, two parts. Melt together, when nearly cold, add Rose water, one part. Mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. Rose Ointment. R. Lard, one thousand parts. Alkanet, thirty parts. Digest by a water-bath for one hour, strain, and add White wax, eight parts previously melted, stir, and when nearly cold, mix with Oil of roses, two parts. Paris Codex. Rose Lozenges. R. Powdered sugar, Rose water, each, six ounces. Evaporate gently, to a thick syrup, and add Coarsely-powdered sugar, one pound. Oil of roses, one drachm and a half. When dissolved, pour in drops on a cold, oiled, marble slab, and dry. Cottereau. 498 ROSA TALLICA Collutory of Rose "Water R. Rose water, three fl. ounces Cream, Whites of eggs Syrup of violets Mix. St. Marie. iij -\ ts, ) each, one fl. ounce. Oil of Roses. R. Fresh rose leaves, at will. Water, sufficient to moisten the leaves ; distil, and collect the oil that floats on the product. Guibourt. The attar of roses of commerce is made almost exclusively in Turkey and the Levant. Essence of Roses. R. Pounded rose leaves, Alcohol (.874), each, ten parts. Infuse for twenty-four hours, by a gentle heat, and distil. Taddei. Rose Oil. R. Pounded rose leaves, one part. Olive oil, four parts. Digest with gentle heat for four days, ex- press, and strain ; repeat process with fresh leaves, a second and third time ; separate the water, and filter. Soubeiran. As an application to chilblains and irri- tated surfaces. ROSA GALLICA. Red Rose. This species is a native of the south of Europe, and is generally cultivated in our gardens. The varieties are very numerous. Linn. Sp. PI. 704. Griffith, Med. Bot. 273. The parts used in medicine are the petals of the unexpanded flowers, deprived of their white claws, and dried. In this state they are of a purplish-red color, of an agreeable odor, and bitterish, astringent taste. They have mild astringent properties, but are more used as a vehicle than for their own powers. Confection of Roses. R. Red roses, in fine powder, four troyounces. Powdered sugar, thirty troyounces. Clarified honey, six troyounces. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. Rub the r036B with tlio rose water, heated to L50°j add gradually the sugar and honey, and beat together. U. 8. Ph. R. Fresh red rose petals, one pound. Refined sugar, three pounds. Beat the petals to a pulp in a stone mortar, add the sugar, and rub well together. Brit. Ph. Principally used as a pill basis. Compound (Acid) Infusion of Roses. R. Red rose, half a troy ounce. Boiling water, forty fl. ounces. Diluted sulphuric acid, three fl. drachms. Macerate in a glass vessel for half an hour ; express, strain, and add Sugar, one troy ounce and a half. As a cooling drink, mixed with water. U. S. Ph. R. Red rose, one quarter ounce. Boiling water, ten fl. ounces. Diluted sulphuric acid, one fl. drachm. Infuse the roses, in a glass vessel, with the mixed liquids for half an hour, and strain. Brit. Ph. Honey of Roses. B. Red rose, one part. Clarified honey, ten parts. Boiling water, six parts. Macerate the roses in the water over night, express, and strain ; add the honey, and evaporate to proper consistence. Ph. Germ. B. Red rose, in powder, No. 50, two troyounces. Clarified honey, twenty-five troyounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Percolate the powder with the alcohol, re- serve the first six fl. drachms, evaporate the eight fl. ounces, obtained afterwards, by means of a water-bath to ten fl. drachms, and, together with the reserved percolate, mix with the honey. U. S. Ph. As an addition to gargles. Electuary of Roses. B. Confection of roses, sixteen parts. Syrup of tolu, four parts. " poppies, one part. Mix. Used as an astringent in bowel af- fections, in doses of a teaspoonful. Foy. ROSMARINUS 499 Tincture of Roses. B. Red roses, five ounces. Alcohol, two fl. ounces. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. Digest for four days, express, and filter; digest residuum with half a pint of alcohol for three days ; express, filter, and mix the liquors. Squire. Used principally as a perfume. Wine of Roses. B. Red rose, one part. Red wine, sixteen parts. Infuse for half an hour, and strain. As an application to indolent ulcers. Be'ral. Vinegar of Roses. B. Red rose, one part. White vinegar, twelve parts. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. Paris Codex. Compound Vinegar of Roses. R. Red rose, one ounce and a half. Sumach leaves, one ounce. Wine of quince, four fl. ounces. Yinegar of red wine, ten fl. ounces. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. As an application to contusions, and as a styptic. Van Mons. Syrup of Red Roses. B. Red rose, in powder, No. 50, two troyonnces. Sugar, eighteen troy ounces. Obtain from the powder by displacement with diluted alcohol six fl. ounces of tinc- ture, reserving the first fl. ounce, and eva- porate the remaining five to one fl. ounce and a half ; mix this with seven fl. ounces of water, dissolve the sugar, strain, and when nearly cold, mix with reserved tinc- ture. U. S. Ph. B. Red rose, two ounces. Boiling water, twenty ounces. Sugar, thirty ounces. Macerate the rose leaves in the water for two hours, press, heat to boiling, filter, and dissolve the sugar. It weighs forty-six ounces, and has the sp. gr. 1.335. Brit. Ph. Dose, one fl. drachm. A very mild astringent, of a fine red color. ROSMARINUS. Rosemary. This is the Rosmarinus officinalis, a small evergreen shrub, a native of the south of Europe, and generally cultivated in gardens elsewhere. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. La- miaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 23. Griffith, Med. Bot. 507. The officinal portions are the leaves, and in some pharmacopoeias, flowering extremi- ties. These have a fragrant odor, and a bit- ter, pungent taste. Rosemary is stimulant and carminative, but is principally em- ployed as an aromatic addition to lotions and liniments, and as an ingredient in arti- cles of perfumery. Aromatic Bath. B. Rosemary, ] Thyme, | Sage, J> each, half a pound. Origanum, Mint, J Boiling water, six pints. Macerate for twelve hours, strain, and add Essence of soap, four ounces. Chloride of ammonium, two ounces. Pour the whole into water sufficient for a bath. Foy. In chronic rheumatism, cutaneous affec- tions, dyspepsia, etc. Aromatic Fomentation. R. Rosemary, half an ounce. Red wine, Water, each, three fl. ounces. Infuse and express. As a fomentation in contusions. Augustin. Aromatic Vinegar. B. Rosemary, Sage, each, one ounce. Lavender, one ounce and a half. Cloves, half a drachm. Yinegar, two pints. Infuse for eight days, and strain. As a lotion in contusions, sprains, etc. Spielmann. Compound Rosemary Ointment. (Nervine Ointment.) B. Lard, sixteen parts. Suet, eight parts. Expressed oil of nutmegs, Yellow wax, each, two parts. Melt together, and when nearly cold, add 500 EOTTLEEA. — RUBIA. Oil of rosemary, " juniper, each, Mix well. one part. Ph. Germ. Tincture of Rosemary. R. Rosemary, one part. Spirit of rosemary, four parts. Macerate, express, and filter. Bruns. Ph. Oil of Rosemary. B. Rosemary, at will. Water, sufficient to cover. Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the product. Principally used in stimulating liniments, but sometimes given as carminative in doses of two or three drops. V. 8. Ph. R Oleo-infusion of Rosemary. Rosemary, one part. Olive oil, three parts. Heat till the water has evaporated, express, and strain. As a stimulating application. Span. Ph. Spirit of Rosemary. R. Oil of rosemary, four drachms. Alcohol, one gallon. Dissolve the oil in the alcohol. U/S. Ph. 1850. Brit. Ph. directs to dissolve one fl. ounce of the oil in forty-nine fl. ounces of alcohol. As an ingredient in lotions and lini- ments, etc. R. Rosemary leaves, bruised, one part. Alcohol, Water, each, three parts. Macerate for a day, and distil four parts. Ph. Germ. Hungary Water. R. Rosemary, three parts. Lavender, one part. Diluted alcohol, six parts. Water, twelve parts. Mix, and distil three-fourths. Used as a perfume. Van Mons. R. Spirit of lavender, seven fl. ounces. " rosemary, four fl. ounces. Mix. Used as a substitute for the above. Pereira. R. Fresh rosemary, in blossom, four pounds. Fresh sage, in blossom, six ounces. Ginger, two ounces. Cut into pieces, and add Alcohol, twelve pounds. Water, two pints. Distil eleven pints by a gentle heat. Wirt. Ph. ROTTLERA Kamala. This, which is also known by the names of wurus or waras, consists of the glandular hairs obtained from the fruit of Roltlera tinctoria, a small tree indigenous to the East Indies, southern Arabia, and Abyssinia. Nat. Syst. Euphorbiacese. Roxb. Corom. pi. 168. It is a fine granular powder, of a brick- red color and almost inodorous and taste- less. Ether and alcohol dissolve the most of it. Incinerated, it should leave little over four per cent, of ashes. It possesses anthelmintic properties and purgative ef- fects, and is mainly used in cases of tape- worm. Dose, one-half to two drachms, either in substance or tincture. Tincture of Kamala. R. Kamala, three ounces. Alcohol, ten fl. ounces. Digest and filter. Dose, half a fluidounce, with some aromatic water. T. Anderson. RUBIA. Madder. The Eubia tinctorum, or madder, is a per ennial plant, a native of the south of Eu- rope, and extensively cultivated in many countries for the sake of its roots, which are used in dying reds. Sex. iSyst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Eu- Linn. Sp. PI. 158. Griffith, Med. Bot. 382 The root is the officinal portion, and, as found in commerce, is in long cylindrical pieces, about as thick as a quill, of a deep red or brown color. It has a peculiar and unpleasant odor, and a bitterish, astringent taste. It was much used formerly as a diuretic, but is at present seldom prescribed except occasionally as an emmenagogue, for which purpose it is highly spoken of by many practitioners. EXJBTJS VILLOSTJS 501 Compound Powder of Madder. R. Powdered madder, " sugar, each, two drachms. " sulphate of potassium, half an ounce. Mix well. Dose, ten grains to a scruple, in rachitis. Radius. Decoction of Madder. R. Powdered madder, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Simmer for fifteen minutes, and add Bruised cloves, one drachm. Strain when cool. A wineglasful every three hours, a short time previous to the expected time of the menstrual discharge. Dewees. R. Powdered madder, one ounce. " mace, two drachms. Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to one pint, strain, and add Aromatic tincture, two fl. drachms. Syrup of citric acid, two fl. ounces. Dose, three fl. ounces three or four times a day, in amenorrhcea, chlorosis, etc. Swediaur. R. Powdered madder, half an ounce. " hops, one drachm. English walnut leaves, three. Water, two pints. Boil down to a pint and a half, strain, and add Tincture of tartrate of iron, one fl. drachm. Advised in scrofula, in doses of two ounces, night and morning. St. Marie. RXJB1JS CANADENSIS. Dewberry. RUBUS VILLOSTJS. Blackberry. These two species of shrubby plants are very common in the United States, and are well known for their pleasant fruit. Sex. Syst. Icosand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Eo- saceae. Torrey and Gray, i. 454, 455. Griffith, Med. Bot. 275, 276. The juice of the fruit is employed in the form of a syrup. The officinal portion is the bark of the roots, which has a very faint odor, and a bitterish, astringent taste. It is an efficient but mild astringent, and has been found very useful in a relaxed condi- tion of the bowels. Decoction of Blackberry Root. R. Small roots of blackberry, one ounce. Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to one pint, and strain. Dose, one or two fl. ounces, three or four times a day, in diarrhoea, etc. Fluid Extract of Blackberry. R. Bark of blackberry root, in pow- der, No. 60, sixteen troy ounces. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Glycerin, three fl. ounces. Water, five fl. ounces. Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of the mixture, pack in a glass percolator, add the remaining mix- ture, and macerate for four days. Then, with diluted alcohol, displace twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, add to the remainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Dose, half to one fl. drachm. Syrup of Blackberry. R. Fluid extract of blackberry, half a pint. Syrup, one pint and a half. Mix. Dose, about a tablespoonful. U. S. Ph. Syrup of Blackberries. R. Juice of blackberries, twenty ounces. Sugar, three pounds. Boil, and strain. Said to be very useful in dysentery. R. Blackberries, thirty quarts. Mash, strain through unbleached muslin, and express the remainder. Then heat in a proper vessel Sugar, (av.) sixty-four pounds. Water, two and one-quarter gallons. Make a syrup, and stir in the blackberry juice, continuing the heat until the syrup has boiled two or three minutes. The syrup should mark 31° Baum. while boil- ing. Remove from the fire, skim, and strain. As this syrup is rather insipid, its flavor may be improved by adding aro- matics. Ambrose Smith. 502 RUBUS IDJ1US. — EUTA RUBUS ID.EUS Raspberry. This is a European plant, cultivated in this country for its fruit, which is officinal in several European pharmacopoeias. Syrup of Raspberries. R. Raspberries, at will. Bruise, set aside for three days, express the juice, let settle until perfectly limpid, and filter ; then take of this Clarified raspberry juice, five parts. Sugar, nine parts. Dissolve by heat. Other fruit syrups are made by the same process. Ph. Germ. B Vinegar of Raspberries. Raspberry syrup, one part. Pure vinegar, two parts. Mix. An agreeable cooling drink. Ph. Germ. R Raspberry Water. Press cake obtained in making raspberry syrup, one part. Obtain by distillation with water two parts of distillate. Ph. Germ. RUMEX Dock. Various species of dock have been used at different times, but the R. crispus or yel- low dock is alone officinal in this country. Sex. Syst. Hexand. trigyn. Nat. S'yst. Polygonacese. Willd. Sp. PI. ii. 250. Griffith, Med. Bot. 645. All of the species of dock are cooling, aperient, and slightly diuretic, but they are seldom employed. Decoction of Dock Root. R. Bruised yellow dock root, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Boil for fifteen minutes, and strain. This has proved efficacious in ichthyosis. Dose, one il. ounce. A. T. Thomson. RUTA Rue. The only species recognized In medicine is tin Ruta graveolenSf&Bm&l] shrub with glau- cous leaveH and yellow flowers, a native of the south of Europe, but generally culti- vated in gardens. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Eu- Linn. Sp. PI. 523. Griffith, Med. Bot. 189. The leaves are the part usually employed ; they have a nauseous odor, and a bitter, acrid, disagreeable taste. They are stimu- lant and antispasmodic, and have been much used as an emmenagogue and vermi- fuge. The dose of the powder is from ten to twenty grains two or three times a day, of the volatile oil one or two drops. R. Confection of Rue Powdered rue, | , Caraway, Laurel berries Sagapenum, Black pepper, Clarified honey, one ounce and a half. half an ounce. two drachms. sixteen ounces. Lond. Ph. Mix. It is used as an antispasmodic, in the form of an enema made with a scruple to a drachm, mixed with half a pint of warm, mucilaginous fluid. Extract of Rue. R. Dried rue, one part. Alcohol (60 pr. ct.), six parts. Exhaust the rue by the process of displace- ment, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate. Paris Codex. Mixture of Rue and Squill. R. Juice of rue leaves, one ounce. Oxymel of squill, half an ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in hys- teric affections. Pierquin. Oleo -infusion of Rue. R. Dried rue, one part. Olive oil, ten parts. Digest for two hours on a water-bath, agi- tating from time to time, express, and fil- ter. Paris Codex. R Syrup of Rue. Coarsely-powdered sugar, fifteen ounces. Tincture of rue, two fl. ounces. Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. Dissolve, and strain. Be'ral. Tincture of Rue. R. Expressed juice of rue, Alcohol (.84*7), each, four fl. ounces. SABADILLA. — S ABB ATI A. Mix, and filter at the end of twenty-four hours. Biral. Mixture of Rue. B * Rue ' ) each Savine, [ eaCi1 ' Wormwood, ) three drachms. Boiling water, Infuse, strain, and add Castor oil, As an injection, in cases of ascarides. Radius 503 one pint, half an ounce. 8. SABADILLA. Cevadilla. This article is the seed of one or more plants belonging to the natural order of Me- lanthacese; the U. S. Ph. attributes it to Veratrum sabadilla, and the Brit. Ph. to Asagroza officinalis. The Cevadilla of the shops consists of follicles, seeds, etc. The first are ovate, oblong, acuminate, of a pale, yellowish- brown color, and a thin, papery consistence. The seeds are small, curved, acuminate, shining, wrinkled, and of a blackish-brown color. They have' very little odor, but their taste is bitter and acrid. These seeds are a drastic emeto-cathartic, and have been used as an anthelmintic, and in nervous diseases, etc. ; but are principally used in the prepa- ration of veratria. The dose is from two to ten grains, in powder ; but it should always be given with much caution. Compound Powder of Cevadilla. B. Powdered cevadilla, two grains. Sulphate of iron, one grain. Powdered santonica, Magnesia, each, ten grains. Mix. To be given four times a day, in cases of tenia. Radius. Tincture of Cevadilla. R. Seeds of cevadilla, bruised, at will. Alcohol. sufficient to cover them ; digest for ten days, and fil- ter. As a lotion in rheumatism. Turnbull. Extract of Cevadilla. R. Tincture of cevadilla, at will. Evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, one-sixth of a grain, as a substitute for veratria in tic douloureux, etc. Turnbull. Ointment of Cevadilla. R. Powdered cevadilla, four ounces. " mustard, " pellitory, each, two ounces. Lard, thirty-two ounces. Mix well. To destroy lice. Paris Codex. Ointment of Extract of Cevadilla. R. Extract of cevadilla, fifteen to twenty grains. Lard, one ounce. Mix well. As a substitute for veratria ointment, but not as efficient. Turribidl. R. Capuchin Powder. Powdered cevadilla, " stavesacre, " parsley seed, " tobacco. equal parts. Mix. To destroy vermin in the hair. Niemann. SABBATIA. American Centaury. The Sabbatia angularis is a small annual or biennial plant, growing in abundance in various parts of the United States, having numerous rose-colored flowers, which ap- pear in July and August. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Gentianacea^. Pursh, Flor. Am. i. 137. Griffith, Med. Bot. 458. The herbaceous portion of the plant is officinal. It is a pure bitter, with no astrin- gency or aroma. 504 SABIXA Infusion of American Centaury. R. American centaury, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse ; and strain when cool. Dose, a wineglassful, every two hours, as a tonic. Chapman. Tincture of American Centaury. R. American centaury, one part. Diluted alcohol, six parts. Digest for four days, express, and filter. Dose, a fl. drachm to two fl. drachms. Extract of American Centaury. R. American centaury, one part. Diluted alcohol, eight parts. Subject the herb to two or three macera- tions in the alcohol ; heat to boiling ; unite the tinctures, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate the residue. Dose, five to ten grains. SABINA. Savine. Savine is the tops of Juniperus sabina, a small tree or shrub, a native of the south of Europe, somewhat resembling the red cedar in its foliage. Sex. Syst. Dicecia monadelph. Nat. Syst. Pinacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 1472. Griffith, Med. Bot. 608. The tips of the branches are officinal. These, when dried, have a bitter, acrid taste, and an unpleasant odor. Savine is an ac- tive stimulant, acting powerfully on the skin and uterus. It also acts as an external irri- tant. The dose of the powder is from five to fifteen grains, three or four times a day. Powder of Savine and Ginger. R. Powdered savine, " ginger, each, one drachm. Sulphate of potassium, two drachms. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, to be taken twice a day, in amcnorrhcea. Ellis. Powder of Savine and Spanish Flies. R. Powdered savine, one drachm. u Spanish flics, two grains. Mix, and divide into four powders. One, at bedtime, in amenorrhea. Ellis. Powder of Savine and Verdigris. R. Powdered savine, " verdigris, equal parts. Mix. As an escharotic to venereal warts. J. Hunter. Powder of Savine and Pinkroot. R. Powdered pinkroot, " senna, each, two scruples. " savine, twelve grains. Mix, and divide into six powders. Anthel- mintic. One, every morning, till three are taken, then a dose of castor oil. If re- quired, repeat. Ellis. Pills of Savine. R. Extract of savine, half an ounce. Powdered savine, two drachms. Oil of savine, sufficient. Mix, and form pills of two grains each. Four, three times a day, as an emmena- gogue. Niemann. Extract of Savine. R. Powdered savine, one part. Alcohol (60 pr. ct.), six parts. Exhaust the savine by the process of dis- placement ; distil off the alcohol, and evap- orate on a water-bath. Paris Codex. Ph. Germ, exhausts with diluted alcohol. Oil of Savine. R. Savine, at will. Water, sufficient to cover. Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the product. Guibourt. A powerful stimulant emmenagogue, and rubefacient. Dose, two to five drops. Emulsion of Oil of Savine. R. Oil of savine, one fl. drachm. Spirit of nitrous ether, three fl. drachms. Mucilage of acacia, one fl. ounce. Water, sufficient for six fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful every two hours, in amcnorrhcea. Tilt. Infusion of Savine. R. Savine, one drachm. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. Infuse for half an hour, and strain. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Pereira. SACCHAETJM. 505 R. Savine, Camphor, Boiling water, Infuse, and strain. one drachm. six grains. five fl. ounces. Horn. Tincture of Savine. R. Savine, two ounces and a half. Alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by maceration and displacement twenty fl. ounces of tincture. Dose, twenty minims to a fl. drachm. Brit. Ph. Compound Tincture of Savine. R. Extract of savine, one ounce. Tincture of castor, sixteen fl. ounces. " myrrh, eight fl. ounces. Digest till dissolved. As an emmenagogue. Lond. Ph. 1788. R. Compound tincture of savine, one fl. ounce. Tincture of black hellebore, half a fl. ounce. Tincture of castor, two fl. drachms. Mix. Forty drops, three times a day. Ellis. Fluid Extract of Savine. R. Savine, in powder, No. 50, sixteen troy ounces. Stronger alcohol, sufficient. Moisten powder with half a pint of the alco- hol, pack firmly in a percolator, add half a pint of the alcohol, and macerate for four days. Then displace twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, evaporate the remainder on a water-bath to two fl. ounces and mix. U. S. Ph. A convenient form for administering savine. Dose, five to fifteen minims. Mix. As an application to venereal warts. Radius. R. Fresh savine, bruised, eight ounces. Yellow wax, three ounces. Lard, sixteen ounces. Melt the lard and wax together, mix in the savine, digest for twenty minutes, and ex- press through linen. Brit. Ph. Savine Cerate. R. Fluid extract of savine, three fl. ounces. Resin cerate, twelve troyounces. Melt the cerate, add the fluid extract, stir, at a moderate heat, constantly until the alco- hol has evaporated, and finally until cool. U. S. Ph. As a dressing to keep up the discharge of blisters, etc. R. Savine Ointment. Powdered savine, Lard, equal parts. R. Extract of savine, Simple ointment, Mix thoroughly. one part, nine parts. Ph. Germ. SACCHARUM. Sugar. Sugar is procured from the Saccharum officinarum and other species, and is used in several forms, as molasses, brown and refined sugar, the latter of which only is recognized in the U. S. Ph. Syrup. R. Sugar, thirty-six troyounces. Water, sufficient. Dissolve the sugar, with heat, in twenty fl. ounces of the water, boil and strain while hot; pass through the strainer sufficient water to make the syrup measure forty-four fl. ounces, or weigh fifty-five trovounces. It has the sp. gr. 1.317. U. S. Ph. Somewhat diluted with water it has been recommended by Dr. Trait in granular eye- lids. Caramel, or Burnt Sugar. R. Sugar, at will. Place in a shallow vessel, and heat over a gentle fire till it assumes a dark-brown color. Used as a coloring for spirits, etc. Gray. The previous addition of some ammonia or carbonate of ammonium facilitates the conversion of the sugar into caramel. Vermifuge Sugar. R. Ethiops mineral, two parts. Quicksilver, three parts. Rub together until the globules are extin- guished ; add Sugar, seven parts, and mix thoroughly. Soubeiran. Saccharated Powders. Under this name, M. Be>al has proposed the mixture of sugar with various active medicines, all the ingredients being reduced 506 SACCHARUM LACTIS. — SAGAPEXUM to powder. The peculiarity of the prepa- ration is that sugar enters it in large pro- portion, while the true medical agent is in small quantity. Saccharated Powder of Digitalis. R. Fresh leaves of digitalis, deprived of midribs and nerves, one part. Place in bibulous paper, and expose to the air in the shade for twelve hours. Then mix carefully with White sugar, three parts. Dry the mixture with a gentle heat, pul- verize, and preserve in opaque bottles. In the same manner may be prepared saccharated powders of fresh aconite leaves, belladonna, hemlock, henbane, savine, stra- monium, and rue. Dorvault. Saccharated Powder of Jalap. R. Tincture of jalap, sixty parts. Sugar, in small lumps, five hundred parts. Pour the tincture on the sugar, and permit the alcohol to evaporate spontaneously, or on a sand-bath. The process of evapora- tion may be accelerated by reducing the sugar to a coarse powder, twenty-four hours after the addition of the tincture. The active principle is retained in the sugar. In the same manner may be prepared saccharated powders of — Belladonna, Myrrh, Castor, Nutmeg, Cinnamon, Rhubarb, Cinchona, Saffron, Cloves, Squill, Henbane, Tolu, Ipecacuanha, Vanilla, Mace, Etc. Etc. This mode of obtaining the active princi- ples of medicines in a soluble form, may be resorted to, advantageously, in making lozenges. Dorvault. Oleo-saccharated Powders. R. Any volatile oil, one part. Sugar, seventy-two parts. Rub together. For convenience of prepa- ration, one drop of the oil to one drachm of BUgar is sufficiently accurate for all practi- cal purposes. By this admixture, the vola- tile oil becomes soluble in water. Dorvault. Ph. Germ, uses one drop of the oil to two grammes of sugar. SACCHARUM LACTIS. Sugar of Milk. R. Whey, at will. Clarify with white of egg, and evaporate on water-bath to crystallization, and set aside in a cool place. Redwood. Cooling and slightly laxative, in doses of two drachms to one ounce ; but mostly em- ployed as a vehicle for medicinal powders, and for reducing other medicinal substances to very fine powders by triturating them with the hard milk sugar. Cow's milk, di- luted with water and with milk sugar added, has been recommended as a good substitute for the milk of the human female. Mixture of Sugar of Milk and Iceland Moss. R. Iceland moss, four drachms. Water, one pint and a half. Reduce to one-half by boiling, strain, and add Sugar of milk, two drachms. Milk, one pint. Syrup of asparagus, three ounces. A cupful occasionally, in chronic catarrh. Cadet. Mixture of Sugar of Milk and Gum Arabic. R. Sugar of milk, Sugar, each, two pounds. Gum Arabic, three pounds. Extract of dog-grass, seven ounces. Mix. Half an ounce, dissolved in a quart of water, forms a refreshing and demulcent drink. Cadet. Sugar of Milk Draught. R. Sugar of milk, half an ounce. Boiling water, two pounds. Lemon juice, sufficient. Mix. Recommended in cholera, to appease the thirst. Ammon. SAGAPENUM. Sagapenum. This is a gum resin, derived most proba- bly from some plant belonging to the Apia- ceaB. It is in irregular masses, composed of cohering fragments of a yellowish-brown, olive, or reddish-yellow color ; of a waxy consistence, of a somewhat alliaceous odor, and a pungent, bitterish, unpleasant taste. It is a mild stimulant, somewhat resembling assafetida in its properties, but inferior to SAGO SALIX 507 it. It has been used as an emmenagogue and antispasmodic, but it is now seldom prescribed internally, but is still employed as an external application as a discutient. Prepared Sagapenum. R. Sagapenum, one pound. Water, sufficient to cover. Heat the sagapenum with the water until they are mixed. Strain through a hair sieve, and evaporate on a water-bath, stir- ring constantly. Lond. Ph. 1836. R. Compound Sagapenum Pills Sagapenum, Aloes, one ounce. half a drachm. sufficient. Syrup of ginger, Beat together. Dose, ten grains. Lond. Ph. 1836. As a stimulant, antispasmodic laxative, in flatulent colic, etc. SAGO. Sago. This is the prepared fecula of the pith of various species of Palmacese and Cycada- cese. It is prepared in two forms, meal and pearl sago, the latter of which is most gene- rally employed. This is in small, hard, whitish or brownish grains, inodorous, and of a mucilaginous taste. It is insoluble in cold water, but by long boiling forms a glutinous solution. It is nutritive, easily digestible, and forms an excellent article of diet for the sick and convalescent. Sago Mucilage. R. Sago, one ounce. Water, one pint. Macerate by a gentle heat, for two hours, then boil for fifteen minutes, stirring con- tinually, till the grains are perfectly dis- solved ; add sugar or flavoring, according to circumstances. A. T. Thomson. R Sago, Water, Sago Posset. two ounces, two pints. Macerate for two hours, by a gentle heat, then boil, till a mucilage is formed ; then rub half an ounce of sugar on the rind of a lemon, add this and one fl. drachm of tinc- ture of ginger to half a pint of sherry wine, pour the whole into the sago mucilage, and boil for five minutes. Useful in convales- cence to restore strength. A wineglassful to be taken every four or five hours. A. T. Thomson. R Sago, Water, Sago Milk. one ounce, one pint. Macerate for half an hour, then add Milk, one pint and a half. Boil slowly, till the sago is perfectly dis- solved. A. T. Thomson. SALICINUM. Salicin. R Decoction of willow bark, at will. Treat with slaked lime, filter, and evaporate to consistence of syrup ; add alcohol, again filter, evaporate, and let crystallize ; wash the crystals with cold water. Cottereau. Dose, four or six grains every three hours, in apyrexia of intermittents. R Pills of Salicin. Salicin, Extract of gentian, each, twelve grains. Liquorice powder, sufficient. Mix, and make six pills. Foy. R. Salicin, twenty-four grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient to make eight pills. Dose, one pill every three hours, in the apyrexia of intermittent fevers. Ellis. Compound Salicin Pills. R. Salicin, one scruple. Compound rhubarb pill, two scruples. Mix, and make twelve pills. Beasley. Compound Powder of Salicin. R. Salicin, two scruples. Aromatic powder, one drachm. Mix, and divide into twelve powders. Neligan. R. Salicin, fifteen grains. Tartar emetic, one grain. Powdered sugar, fifty grains. Mix, and divide into ten powders. One, thrice a day. Krombolz. SALIX Willow. Many species of willow have been used in medicine, and are recognized in the different pharmacopoeias; that admitted by the U. S. Ph. is the Salix alba, a small tree, a native 508 SALVIA of Europe, but extensively cultivated in the United States. Sex. Syst. Dicecia diand. Nat. Syst. Salica- Linn. Sp. PI. 1449. Lindley, Flor. Med. 318. The officinal portion is the hark ; this is in thin, flexible, fibrous pieces, of a brown color. It has a peculiar, aromatic odor, and an astringent, bitter taste. It is tonic and astringent, and has been used as a sub- stitute for Peruvian bark. Extract of Willow Bark. R. Powdered willow bark, two parts. Distilled water, one part. Macerate twelve hours, transfer to a perco- lator, exhaust, raise the liquid to the boil- ing point, strain, and evaporate to the consistence of an extract. Dorvault. Compound Powder of Willow Bark. R. Powdered willow bark, u horse-chest- nut bark, equal u gentian, parts. a calamus, u avens root, In intermittent fevers, in drachm doses. Hufeland. Willow Bark Dentifrice. R. Powdered willow bark, " charcoal, each, half an ounce. Extract of myrrh, two drachms. Balsam of Peru, Oil of cinnamon, Triturate well together. half a scruple, three drops. Phoebus. Decoction of Willow Bark. R. Contused willow bark, one ounce and a half. Water, Boil down to one-half. fifteen fl. ounces. Niemann. Ointment of Willow Leaves. R. Expressed juice of willow leaves, two fl. ounces. Lard, sufficient. Mix, and heat till moisture is driven off. Useful as a dressing to foul ulcers. Hufeland. SALVIA. Sage. Though many species of Salvia possess analogous remedial properties, one only- is recognized by the U. S. Ph.— the Salvia offi- cinalis, a perennial plant, native of the south of Europe, but generally cultivated in our gardens, flowering in June, at which time it should be collected. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. La- miacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 34. Griffith, Med. Bot. 505. The leaves are the officinal portion. These have a strong, fragrant odor, and a warm, bitterish, aromatic, somewhat astringent taste. Sage is stimulant, with some as- tringent and tonic powers. It is principally used in the composition of gargles, and is also said to abate the excessive sweats in hectic fever. The dose, in powder, is from twenty to thirty grains. Infusion of Sage. R. Sage, one troyounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for half an hour, and strain. U. S. Ph. Sugar and lemon juice may be added, ac- cording to circumstances. As a drink in fevers, and as a vehicle for gargles. Compound Infusion of Sage. R. Sage, Boneset, each, half an ounce. Cascarilla, one drachm. Water, one pint and a half. Infuse till cold, and strain. Dose, a wine- glassful every three or four hours. In hec- tic fever. Ellis. Water of Sage. one part, sufficient. Macerate and distil two parts. Used as a vehicle. Paris Codex. R. Sage, Water, Concentrated Sage Water. R. Sage, five parts. Water, sufficient. Alcohol, one part. Macerate, and distil five parts. Sage water is made by diluting one part of this concentrated, with nine parts of dis- tilled water. Ph. Germ. Aromatic Water. (Cephalic Water.) U. Sage, Rosemary, Pepperi Lavender "7i ) mint, y er, ) each, four parts, two parts. SAMBUCTJS 509 Fennel, Cinnamon, each, one part. Alcohol, twenty-six parts. Macerate for a day with sufficient water, and distil seventy-two parts. Ph. Germ. Gargle of Sage. R. Infusion of sage, one pint. Diluted sulphuric acid, two drachms. Honey of roses, one ounce. Mix. In relaxation of the uvula, etc. Radius, R. Infusion of sage, two pints. Tincture of Peruvian bark, Syrup of mulberries, each, half a fl. ounce. Spirit of horseradish, one drachm. Mix. More active than the last. Cadet. Vinegar of Sage. R. Sage, bruised, one part. White vinegar, twelve parts. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. Paris Codex. Distilled Vinegar of Sage. R. Sage, one part. Yinegar, six parts. Mix, and distil four parts. B6ral. As a gargle, mixed with water. SAMBTJCUS Elder Flowers. The species recognized by the U. S. Ph. is the Sambucus Canadensis, which appears to be perfectly identical in properties with the European kind, the S. nigra. Sex. Syst. Pentand trigyn. Nat. Syst. Ca- prifoliacese. Willd. Sp. PL 1494. Griffith, Med. Bot. 353. The officinal portion is the flowers, but the berries, bark, and leaves are also used. The flowers have a faint but peculiar odor, when dried, and a bitterish taste. They are slightly stimulant and diaphoretic. The berries are diaphoretic and laxative; the bark acts as a hydragogue purgative, as do also the leaves. Elder-Flower Water. R. Fresh elder flowers, ten pounds. Water, twenty pounds. Mix, and distil ten pounds. Brit. Ph. Principally used as a flavoring ingre- dient in mixtures and emulsions. Vinegar of Elder Flowers. R. Elder flowers, one part. White vinegar, twelve parts. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. As a gargle. Paris Codex. Gargle of Elder Flowers. R. Elder flowers, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse, strain, and add Nitrate of potassium, half an ounce. Tincture of burnet, three fl. drachms. Oxymel, two fl. ounces. Mix. Saunders. Fomentation of Elder Flowers. R. Elder flowers, one part. Tepid water, twenty parts. Infuse for one hour, and strain. Paris Codex. Extract of Elder Berries. R. Ripe elder berries, at will. Heat gradually, with constant stirring, until ruptured, then express, let settle, strain, and evaporate to a soft extract, twelve parts of which are to be incorporated while warm, with one part of powdered sugar. Ph. Germ. Has been praised in rheumatic, gouty, and eruptive affections ; in doses of one to four drachms. each, Mixture of Extract of Elder Berries. R. Extract of elder berries, Pulp of prunes, Syrup of red poppies, Nitrate of potassium, one drachm. Mix. Two or three spoonfuls a day, in asthma. St. Marie. two ounces. Decoction of Elder Bark. R. Elder bark, three ounces. Water, two pints. Boil to one-half. Half a pint, morning and evening, in dropsy. Sydenham. Ointment of Elder Leaves. R. Fresh elder leaves, three pounds. Lard, four pounds. Suet, two pounds. 510 SA^GUINARIA. — SAXTALUM, Boil the leaves in the lard till crisp ; ex- press, strain, add the suet, and melt. Dub. Ph. 1826. As a cooling application. Ointment of Elder Flowers. R. Elder flowers, Lard, equal parts. Melt, and continue heat, till all moisture is driven off, and express. Be'ral. Used as the last. SANGUINARIA. Bloodroot. This 'is the rhizome of the Sanguinaria Canadensis, popularly known as bloodroot, or puccoon. It is a small, herbaceous perennial, flowering at the very commence- ment of the spring ; at which time the leaf is small, but attains a large size during the summer. Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Papaveracese. Linn. Sp. PI. 723. Griffith, Med. Bot. 127. The rhizome is horizontal, abrupt, often contorted, of a reddisb-brown color exter- nally, and of a bright orange-red within. When dried it is somewhat flattened, much wrinkled and twisted, of a reddish-brown color externally, and of a bright orange within, becoming brown by exposure. The powder is brownish-red. It has a faint, narcotic odor, and a bitterish, acrid taste, which is very persistent. It is an acrid emetic, with narcotic and stimulant prop- erties. Dose, as an emetic, from ten to twenty grains; for other purposes, from one to five grains. Pills of Bloodroot. R. Powdered bloodroot, one drachm. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty pills. One to two as an alterative, etc., five to ten as an emetic. Infusion of Bloodroot. R. Bloodroot, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for two hours. Dose, half to one fl. ounce. Beasley. Vinegar of Bloodroot. R. Bloodroot, in powder, No. 40, Diluted acetic acid, four troy ounces. sufficient. Obtain by maceration for Revcn days, or by percolation, two pints. U. S. Ph. Used in same doses as the tincture. Tincture of Bloodroot. R. Bloodroot, in powder, No. 50, four troy ounces. Displace with a mixture of three parts of alcohol and one of water, until two pints of tincture are obtained. U. S. Ph. As emetic, three or four fl. drachms ; as expectorant, alterative, etc., thirty to sixty R. Bruised bloodroot, two ounces. Spirit of nitrous ether, two pints. Digest eight days, and filter. This is a valuable expectorant and dia- phoretic, in doses of half a fl. drachm to one fl. drachm. Mettauer. each, in coarse powder, one ounce. Compound Tincture of Bloodroot R. Bloodroot, Lobelia, Skunk-cabbage root, Asarabacca, Pleurisy root, Place them in a vessel, and cover with Boiling water or vinegar, one pint, and cover tightly. When cold, add Alcohol, three pints. Macerate fourteen days, and filter. Used as an emetic. Eel. Med. Jour. Syrup of Bloodroot. R. Coarsely-powdered bloodroot, eight ounces. Acetic acid, four ounces.' Water, five pints. Sugar, (troy) two pounds. Mix two fl. ounces of the acetic acid with a pint of water, and macerate the root for three days. Transfer to a percolator, and displace with the remainder of the water, previously mixed with the other half of the acetic acid. Evaporate on a water- bath to eighteen fl. ounces, add the sugar, and form a syrup. T. S. Wiegand. SANTALUM. Red Saunders. This is the wood of Pterocarpvs santalinus, a lofty tree, found in the East Indies. It is imported in logs or billets. Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Fabacete. Linn. Suppl. 318. Griffith, Med. Bot. 245. Bed Saunders is a mild astringent and SANTALTJM ALBUM. SAKTONIOA. 511 tonic ; but it is chiefly, if not exclusively, employed to impart color. SANTALUM ALBUM. Sandalwood. This tree is indigenous to India ; its wood is heavy, light colored, and fragrant. Nat. Ord. Santalacese The wood yields on distillation with water a highly fragrant volatile oil, which is much used in perfumery. This oil has been highly recommended by Dr. T. B. Henderson, Berkeley Hill, and others, as a remedy in gonorrhoea, and is considered as equal or even superior to copaiba and cubebs. It is given in doses of fifteen to thirty minims thrice daily. It is given either in gelatin capsules, or dissolved in three parts of alcohol. Zoll's Pink Paste. R. Oil of sandalwood, sixty drops. " copaiba, three drachms. White turpentine, four drachms. Sugar, Gum Arabic, each, one ounce. Mix thoroughly. Maryland Coll. Ph. SANTONICA. Semen Contra. Levant Wormseed. The unexpanded flowers of various species of Artemisia indigenous to Barbary, Southern Russia, and the Levant have occa- sionally been used under the above names ; but the only kind recognized now by the pharmacopoeias is derived from Art. Cina, an herbaceous plant indigenous to Persia. Sex. Syst. Syng. pol. super. Nat. Syst. As- teracese. Willkomm, Botan. Zeit., 1872, No. 9. They are about a line in length, oval, obtuse at both ends, of a greenish-brown color, of a strong, somewhat terebinthinate odor, and a bitter camphoraceous taste, and resembling small seeds in appearance. San- tonica has anthelmintic properties. Dose, ten to sixty grains. Powder of Santonica. R. Santonica, Extract of tansy, each, six grains. Oxide of iron, four grains. Oil of valerian. Mix. R. Santonica, Powdered jalap, Calomel, one drop. Augustin. three drachms. thirty grains. six grains. Mix and divide into six powders. Dose, for a child of six years, one, morning and night. Hufeland. R Infusion of Santonica. Santonica, one part. Boiling water, one hundred parts. Macerate until cold, and strain. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Dorvault. Electuary of Santonica. R. Santonica, Sulphate of iron, Jalap, Honey, each, Mix. ten grains, four grains. one scruple. Rosenstein. R Mixture of Santonica. Infusion of santonica, four fl. ounces. Syrup of senna, one fl. ounce. Mix. Foy. R. Santonica, ninety grains. Hot water, sufficient for making infusion three fl. ounces. Syrup of orange-peel, two drachms. Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. Radius. Enema of Santonica. R. Santonica, Valerian, each, four drachms. Boiling water, sufficient. Make six fl. ounces of infusion, and add Assafetida, forty grains, previously rubbed with the yolk of an egg. Use for two clyster. G. A. Richter. Oleoresinous Extract of Santonica. R. Santonica, bruised, at will. Exhaust with a mixture consisting of equal weights of alcohol and ether ; distil and evaporate to a thin extract. Ph. Germ. Dose, five to fifteen grains. Syrup of Santonica. R. Santonica, one part. Boiling water, sufficient. Obtain ten parts of infusion and dissolve in it nineteen parts of sugar. Dose, two to four fl. drachms. Dorvault. 512 SA^TONINTJM. — SAPO each. sufficient. SANTONINTJM. Santonin. R. Santonica, in powder, No. 40, forty-eight troyounces. Lime, recently slaked, eighteen troyounces. Animal charcoal, Diluted alcohol, Acetic acid, Alcohol, Digest santonica and lime with twelve pints of diluted alcohol for twenty-four hours, and express ; repeat digestion and expression twice with similar quantities of diluted alcohol. Mix the tinctures, distil and evaporate to eight pints, filter, evapo- rate to four pints, supersaturate slightly with acetic acid, and after two days, collect the crystalline mass, wash with water, and dry. Boil the mass with ten times its weight of alcohol, digest for several hours with animal charcoal, filter while hot, wash the charcoal with sufficient hot alcohol, and crystallize; dry, and preserve in dark hot- ties. U. S. Ph. It is tasteless at first, afterwards hitter; almost insoluble in cold water; on exposure to light it becomes yellow, but its medicinal properties are said not to be affected by this change. Dose, half to three or even eight grains to adults. Large doses usually pro- duce chromatopsy, the objects of vision ap- pearing yellow or red. Powder of Santonin. R. Santonin, six grains. Sugar of milk, fifteen grains. Mix, divide into six powders, and give one night and morning, to a child five years old, for lumbrici. Thomas. Lozenges of Santonin. R. Santonin, half a troyounce. Sugar, eighteen troyounces. Tragacanth, half a troyounce. Orange-flower water, sufficient. Bub the powders together, and make four hundred and eighty lozenges. U. S. Ph. Santonin lozenges of the German phar- macopoeia are made with chocolate, weigh one gramme each, and contain each five cen- tigrammes — the weaker, half that quantity, or about three-eighths of a grain — of san- tonin. Santonin lozenges of Parts Codex contain one centigramme of santonin, and are made with sugar, and colored by carmine. Santonate of Sodium. H. Santonin, two ounces. Solution of soda, four 11. ounces, or sufficient. Digest at about 170° until dissolved, evapo- rate and crystallize to form prisms contain- ing fifty-four per cent, of santonin. If the solution be evaporated until a thick pellicle forms, pearly needles containing sixty per cent, of santonin are obtained. Donde. Syrup of Santonate of Sodium. R. Santonate of sodium, thirty grains. Distilled water. one ounce. Syrup, eighteen fl. ounces. Concentrate the syrup to 32° B., and add the santonate, previously dissolved in the water. A tablespoonful represents one grain of santonin. Dond6. SAPO Soap. Soaps are combinations of animal or vege- table oils with one or more of the alkalies; they are principally used for washing, but some of them are officinal. SAPO DURUS. Hard Soap. Under the above name officinal in the Brit. Ph., under the name of Sapo in the U. S. Ph., and under the name of Sapo medicatus in the Ph. Germ. It is a combi- nation of olive oil and soda. Spanish or Castile Soap. This is the officinal soap of the U. S. Ph., and presents two varieties, the white and the marbled, the first of which only should be used. SAPO MOLLIS. Soft Soap. This soap is a combination of olive or other vegetable oils and potassa, or animal oils with the same alkali. SAPO VULGARIS. Common Soap soap, made from tallow and Distilled water, twelve fl. Is a hard caustic soda. Besides these officinal soaps there are j m;uiy others, which are used medicinally, ounces, or for cleansing purposes. SAPO 513 Almond Soap. R. Caustic solution of soda, one thousand parts. Oil of almonds, two thousand one hundred parts. Mix, and keep the mixture for some days at a temperature of 68° F., stirring from time to time, until it acquires the consist- ence of a soft paste ; place in moulds until dry. It should not be used for medicinal purposes, until it has been exposed to the action of the air for a month or two. Paris Codex. Beef-Marrow Soap. R. Purified beef marrow, five hundred parts. Caustic solution of soda, two hundred and fifty parts. Common salt, one hundred parts. Water, one thousand parts. Put the marrow, with hot water, into a porcelain vessel, and heat until it is melted ; then add the solution of caustic soda, by degrees, constantly stirring, till saponifica- tion is complete ; then add the salt, slightly stirring, collect the soap which rises, drain it, melt it by a gentle heat, pour into moulds, and allow it to solidify. Paris Codex. equal Soap of Turpentine. (Starkey's Soap.) R. Dry carb. of potassium, Oil of turpentine, Venice turpentine, ) parts * Triturate the potassium with the oil, and then with the turpentine, until the mass has attained a proper consistence. Pre- serve in an earthenware vessel. Paris Codex. Was supposed to be a corrector of the injurious effects of opium, hellebore, etc. It is now principally given in gonorrhoea and dropsy. Dose, eight to ten grains. R. Hard soap, in powder, Oil of turpentine, each, six parts. Carbonate of potassium, one part. Beat together into a uniform mass. Ph. Germ. Known also as External balsam of life. Aromatic Soap. R. Concentrated solution of soap, six ounces Oil of bergamot, " lavender " rosemary 33 )t, ) each, two drachms. Mix. Employed in baths, as a tonic and antispasmodic. Niemann. Camphorated Soap. R. White soap, sixteen ounces. Boiling water, eight ounces. Olive oil, six ounces. Powdered camphor, one drachm. Dissolve the soap in the water, evaporate gently to the consistence of a soft paste, add the camphor incorporated in the oil, mix well, and pour into moulds. Said to be useful in chaps and excoria- tions. Wetzler. Cosmetic Soap Powder. R. White soap, twelve ounces. Carbonate of potassium, two ounces. Powdered orris root, three ounces. " horse-chestnuts, two pounds. Oil of lavender, " bergamot, each, forty drops. " lemon, thirty drops. " cloves, ten drops. Sugar, half an ounce. Mix, and form a powder. Niemann. Arsenical Soap. R. Arsenious acid, two pounds. Carbonate of potassium, twelve ounces. Camphor, five ounces. White soap, two pounds. Powdered lime, eight ounces. Reduce each to powder, and mix. Used as a preservative for specimens of natural history against the attacks of insects. Known as Beconi's arsenical soap. Gannal. Soap Cerate. R. Soap plaster, two troy ounces. Yellow wax, two and a half troyounces. Olive oil, four troyounces. Melt together, adding the oil last, and stir till cool. U. S. Ph. Soap cerate is cooling and sedative. Soap Cerate Plaster. R. Hard soap, in powder, ten ounces. Yellow wax, twelve and a half ounces. 514 SAPO. Oxide of lead, fifteen ounces. Olive oil, one pint (imp.). Vinegar, one gallon (imp.). Dissolve the oxide in the vinegar by boil- ing ; add the soap, and boil until most of the moisture is evaporated ; then add wax and oil, melt, and mix. Brit. Ph. Used like the preceding. Camphorated Soap Liniment. (Opodeldoc.) R. Common soap, sliced, three ounces. Camphor, one ounce. Oilof rosemary, " origanum, each, one fl. drachm. Alcohol, one pint. Digest the soap in the alcohol, on a sand- bath, until dissolved ; add the camphor and oils, dissolve, and pour into broad-mouthed bottles. U. S. Ph. 1850. Ph. Germ, adds to the above quantity about six drachms of ammonia water. R. Alkaline tincture of soap, ten parts. Spirit of camphor, nine parts. Oil of almonds, one part. Mix. Paris Codex. Alkaline Tincture of Soap. R. White soap, twenty parts. Carbonate of potassium, one part. Alcohol (60 pr. ct.), one hundred parts. Dissolve. Paris Codex. Soap Liniment. (Liquid Opodeldoc.) R. Soap, in shavings, four troyounces. Camphor, two troyounces. Oil of rosemary, half a fl. ounce. Water, six fl. ounces. Alcohol, two pints. Digest the soap in the water until dissolved ; add the alcohol, holding the camphor and oil in solution, and filter. if. S. Ph. The formula of Brit. Ph. is very similar; that of Ph. Germ, has about one ounce of ammonia water in the above quantity. Ammoniacal Soap Liniment. R. Soap, in shavings, one part. Water, thirty parts. Alcohol, ten parts. Water of ammonia, fifteen pints. Digest the soap with the water until dis- solved; then add the alcohol and ammonia. Ph. Germ. Tincture of Soap. (Soap Spirit.) R. Olive oil soap, one part. Alcohol, three parts. Rose water, two parts. Dissolve and filter. Ph Germ. Saponine. (For cleaning gloves.) R. Powdered soap, two hundred and fifty parts. Solution of chlorinated potassa, one hundred and sixty-five parts. Solution of ammonia, ten parts. Water, one hundred and fifty parts. Mix, and form a paste ; a small portion rubbed on a glove with a piece of flannel will cleanse it. Duvignan. Grease Balls. R. Fuller's earth, two pounds four ounces. Carbonate of sodium, Soap, each, eight ounces. Add Yolks of eggs, eight. Well beaten with Ox gall, eight ounces. Levigate thoroughly, form into cakes or balls, and dry. Lenormand. Bolus of Soap. R. White soap, two scruples. Oil of caraway, two or three drops. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make two boluses. They are purgative. Swediaur. Nitrated Pills of Soap. R. White soap, twenty parts. Marsh mallow root, powdered, three parts. Nitrate of potassium, two parts. Beat together till well incorporated, and divide into four-grain pills. Paris Codex. Simple soap pills of Paris Codex con- tain three grains of soap. SAPO 515 Pills of Soap and Ox Gall. R. Powdered white soap, two drachms. Extract of ox gall, one drachm. Mix, and incorporate Powdered guaiacum, Calomel, each, half a drachm. Powdered guaiacum wood, sufficient. Mix, and make four-grain pills. In gout, one to two, morning and evening. Vicq D'Azir. Compound Soap Pills. R. White soap, three drachms. Ammoniac, Rhubarb, each, one drachm. Aloes, ten grains. Assafetida, Saffron, each, thirty-six grains. Mix, and make three-grain pills. Purga- tive and alterative ; four to six a day. Recamier. R. Powdered opium, half an ounce. Soap, two ounces. Beat into a pilular mass, with water. Dose, three to five grains. U. S. Ph. Soap Plaster. R. Soap, sliced, four troyounces. Lead plaster, thirty-six troyounces. Eub the soap into a semi-fluid state with water ; then mix it with the plaster, pre- viously melted, and boil to proper consist- ence. U. S. Ph. R. Hard soap, Lead plaster, Resin, six ounces. thirty-six ounces. one ounce. Proceed as above. Brit. Ph. The plaster of Ph. Germ, contains some yellow wax and a little camphor ; that of Paris Codex some white wax. Electuary of Soap, etc. R. White soap, one drachm and a half. Yenice turpentine, one drachm. Seneka, Marsh mallow, each, two drachms. Rob of juniper, sufficient. Mix. Four teaspoonfuls a day. Vogt. Essence of Soap. R. White soap, twenty-four parts. Distilled water, thirty-two parts. Alcohol (.923), sixty-four parts. Carbonate of potassium, one part. Essence of lemon, sufficient. Dissolve the soap in the water and alcohol, add the potassium and essence, and filter. Used for the toilette. Soubeiran. Camphorated Essence of Soap. R. White soap, three parts. Camphor, one part. Spirit of rosemary, sixteen parts. Dissolve the camphor, and then the soap, in the spirit. As an embrocation in rheu- matic pains, etc. Guibourt. Ethereal Solution of Soap. R. Beef marrow soap, one part. Acetic ether, five parts. Dissolve by aid of a water-bath. Used as an embrocation in rheumatic pains, etc. Foy. Camphorated Acetic Balsam of Soap. R. Common soap, Camphor, each, one drachm. Acetic ether, one ounce. Oil of thyme, ten drops. Dissolve the soap in the ether with the aid of heat ; add the camphor, then the oil, and filter. Used as above. Cottereau. Cataplasm of Soap. R. Common soap, four drachms. Roasted onion, Mustard, each, two ounces. Water, sufficient. Heat together, and mix into a cataplasm. As a maturating application to boils, ab- scesses, etc. Foy. Soap Suppository. R. Soap, two ounces. Common salt, one ounce. Honey, sufficient. Mix, and form into conical suppositories, and oil them on the surface. Spielmann. Clyster of Soap. R. Barley water, six ounces. White soap, one drachm. Honey, six drachms. Mix, and dissolve. Brera. 516 SARSAPARILLA. Soap of Cod-liver Oil. R. Cod-liver oil, two ounces. Caustic soda, two drachms. Water, five drachms. Dissolve the soda in the water, and mix the solution with the oil. Deschamps. Ioduretted Soap of Cod-liver Oil. R. Soap of cod-liver oil, one ounce. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. Water, one drachm. Dissolve the iodide in the water, and add it to the soap. Deschamps. Soap with Sulphur. R. Soap, Sulphur, each, four ounces. Oil of bergamot, half a drachm. Water, sufficient. Beat together. As an application in itch. Frank. one ounce. Itch Ointment. B. Brown soap, Common salt, Sulphur, each, half an ounce. Alcohol, one fl. drachm. Vinegar, two fl. drachms. Chlorinated lime, half a drachm. Rub well together. One-fourth to be used night and morning, as a friction. It is effectual, cheap, and inoffensive. Emory. SARSAPARILLA. Sarsaparilla. This is the officinal name for the roots of several species of Smilax found in Mexico and various parts of South America. These roots are known in commerce by the names of the places from whence they are shipped, as Para, Honduras, Jamaica, Vera Cruz, etc. Sarsaparilla, as found in commerce, is in packages, composed of dried roots, several feet in Length, about the thickness of a quill, more or less wrinkled, of an ash-gray to a dark-brown color externally, and white to brownish within. The odor is slight but peculiar, the taste is at first mucilaginous, but finally somewhat acrid. It is considered alterative and tonic, but its real action is not well understood. The dose, In powder, Is half a drachm to a drachm, three or four times a day. Powder of Sarsaparilla and Peruvian Bark. R. Powdered sarsaparilla, one ounce. " Peruvian bark, three drachms. Carbonate of sodium, two drachms. Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. One, thrice a day, as an alterative. Cline. Infusion of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Digest for two hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. 1850. One to four fl. ounces, three times a day. Alkaline Infusion of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, twelve ounces. Liquorice root, bruised, one ounce and a half. Solution of potassa, one fl. ounce and a half. Boiling water, five pints and a half. Macerate for twenty-four hours, and strain. Dose, from eight fl. ounces to one pint daily. As an alterative. St. Geo. Hosp. Decoction of Sarsaparilla. R. Jamaica sarsaparilla, cut, two ounces and a half. Distilled water, thirty ounces. Boil for one hour and obtain, after strain- ing, twenty fl. ounces of liquid. Dose, two to ten fl. ounces. Brit. Ph. Dose, four to six fl. ounces a day. Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, sliced and bruised, six troyounces. Bark of sassafras, sliced, Guaiacum wood, rasped, Liquorice root, bruised, each, one troyounce. Mezcreon, sliced, three drachms. Water, four pints. Boil for fifteen minutes, then digest in a covered vessel at about 200° for two hours, strain, and add water through the strainer to make four pints. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. has the same ingredients, in somewhat different proportions. As an alterative and diaphoretic, in sec- SAKSAPARILLA 517 ondary syphilis, cutaneous affections, etc. Dose, four to six fl. ounces three times a day. Feltz's Decoction of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, three ounces. Isinglass, half an ounce. Crude antimony (tied in a rag), three drachms. Water, five pints. Boil to two pints and a half, and strain. B.easley. Vinache's Decoction of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, China root, bruised, Guaiacum wood, rasped, each, one ounce and a half. Crude antimony (in a rag), two ounces. Water, six pints. Macerate for twelve hours, boil to three piuts, and add Sassafras bark, sliced, Senna, each, half an ounce. Infuse for an hour, strain, let settle, and decant. Foy. Lisbon Diet Drink. R. Guaiacum wood, rasped, one oz. Sarsaparilla, bruised, three ounces. Mezereon, sliced, half an ounce. Crude antimony (in a rag), two ounces. Water, twelve pints. Boil down to eight pints, and add Red saunders, rasped, White sandal, rasped, each, three ounces. Rosewood, rasped, Sassafras bark, sliced, each. one ounce. Liquorice root, sliced, half an ounce. Infuse for four hours, strain, and add syrup according to taste. Foy. Dose, a pint to two pints a day. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, four ounces. Dried walnut-peel, four ounces. Guaiacum, rasped, one ounce and a half. Crude antimony (in a rag), half an ounce. Water, four pints. Boil down to three pints. Pearson. Zittman's Decoction. R. Sarsaparilla, cut, twelve and a half troyounces. Water, three hundred and twenty-five troyounces. Digest for twenty-four hours, and add Alum, Sugar, each, six drachms, inclosed in a linen rag. Heat by a steam- bath, in a covered vessel, for three hours, adding towards the close, Anise, Fennel, each, half an ounce. Senna, three ounces. Liquorice root, one ounce and a half. Express, strain, and after several hours de- cant. It should weigh three hundred and twelve troyounces. Put aside as Strong decoction. Add to the dregs of the strong decoction, Sarsaparilla, bruised, fifty drachms. Water, three hundred and twenty-five troyounces. Heat by a steam-bath, in a covered vessel, for three hours, adding towards the close, Lemon-peel, Cinnamon, Cardamom, Liquorice root, each, three drachms. Express, strain, and decant; it should weigh three hundred and twelve troyounces ; label, Weak decoction. To be given freely in the treatment of syphilitic and cuta- neous affections, in chronic rheumatism, etc. Ph. Germ. Jauperand's Decoction. R. Bruised sarsaparilla, ^) , , u m,- ♦. i each, two " China root, >- ' n -, ,. ' ( ounces. Crude antimony, ) Carbonate of potassium, one drachm. Senna, Sassafras, sliced, each, one ounce. Rhubarb, Peruvian bark, each, half an ounce. Water, two gallons. Boil by a gentle fire for eight hours, till twelve pints of decoction are obtained. Let stand for some time, and strain. Ad- vised in scrofula, two fl. ounces three times a day. Bories. 518 SARSAPARILLA, Extract of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, in coarse powder, one pound. Diluted alcohol, four pints. Make a tincture by displacement, filter, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate to the consistence of an extract. U. S. Ph. 1850. Dose, from ten to twenty grains, three or four times a day. Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, in powder, No. 50, sixteen troyounces. Glycerin, Water, each, four fl. ounces. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Moisten the powder with four 11. ounces of the mixed liquids, pack firmly in a per- colator, add the remaining mixture, and macerate for four days. Then with diluted alcohol displace twenty-six fl. ounces, re- serving the first ten, add to the remainder four fl. ounces of glycerin, evaporate care- fully to six fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. R. Jamaica sarsaparilla, cut, sixteen ounces. Water, at 160°, fourteen pints (imp.). Alcohol, one fl. ounce. Digest the sarsaparilla twice, using half the water each time, for six hours, express, filter, evaporate by a water-bath to seven fl. ounces, or until the sp. gr. is 1.13; when cold add the alcohol. Brit. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Compound Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, in powder, No. 50, sixteen troyounces Liquorice root, in powder, No. 50, Sassafras bark, in powder, No. 50, each, two troyounces. Mezereon, in powder, No. 50, six drachms. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Glycerin, Water, each, four fl. ounces. Mix the liquids, moisten the mixed powders with lour II. ounces, pack firmly in a per- colator, and macerate with the remaining liquid for four days; then, with diluted alcohol, obtain two pints of percolate, re- serving the first twelve fl. ounces; add four 11. ounces of glycerin to the remainder, carefully evaporate to six fl. ounces and mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Dose, one fl. drachm, three or four times a day. Essence of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, ten ounces. Distilled water, six pints. Macerate at a temperature of 120° for six hours and strain ; repeat with same quantity of water. Mix the liquors, and evaporate in china vessels at 160°. If reduced to ten fl. ounces (or to nine fl. ounces, with one fl. ounce of spirit added), one fl. drachm mixed with seven fl. drachms is equal to the decoction of usual strength. If reduced to five fl. ounces, one fl. drachm is equal to two fl. ounces of decoction. Hening. R. Alcoholic extract of sarsaparilla, one pound. Sherry wine, three pints. Dissolve and filter. Half a fl. ounce to one fl. ounce, mixed with a quart of water, is equal to the decoction. B6ral. Compound Essence of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, eight ounces. Boiling water, sufficient to exhaust the root, by successive macera- tions ; unite the liquors, and evaporate to ten fl. ounces ; strain, and add, when cool, Alcohol (.842), Tincture of guaiacum, each, half a fl. ounce. White wine, one fl. ounce. Essence of sassafras, twelve drops. Extract of liquorice, two drachms. Filter. Dose, a spoonful, morning and evening, in some convenient vehicle. Cadet. Syrup of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, cut, ten parts. Exhaust, by digesting, for twelve hours, twice with sufficient water, evaporate the clear liquid by a water-bath until reduced to sixteen parts, clarify with white of egg, strain, and dissolve Sugar, twenty parts. It haa the specific gravity of 1.27. Paris Codex. SARSAPARILLA 519 R. Alcoholic extract of sarsaparilla, six ounces. Hot water, four pints. Dissolve, filter while hot, strain, and add Sugar, eight pounds. Dissolve whilst hot. Paris Codex, 1837. Each fl. ounce is equal to fifteen grains of the extract. Sarsaparilla Syrup for Mineral Water. R. Sarsaparilla, Liquorice root, each, finely bruised, two pounds (av.). Sugar, thirty pounds (av.). Oil of anise, S , ■ * » wintergreen, C ea «h, forty " sassafras, ) rtrops * " cinnamon, five drops. Water, sufficient. Digest the roots in two gallons of warm water, for twelve hours ; then transfer to a percolator, and pass two gallons of infu- sion. In this dissolve the sugar by the aid of heat, and to the syrup, when cool, add the oils, previously rubbed up with a little sugar. A. Smith. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, Liquorice root, bruised, each, one pound. Cinnamon, bruised, Sassafras root, bruised, each, six ounces. Cloves, } Anise, V each, two ounces. Coriander, ) Red saunders, Cochineal, each, one ounce and a half. Alcohol, two pints. Water, two gallons. Digest together for four days, strain, and make a syrup with twenty-seven pounds (av.) of sugar. A. Smith. Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, in powder, No. 50, twenty-four troyounces. Guaiacum wood, in powder, No. 50, three troyounces. Pale rose, ") each, in powder Senna, I No. 50, two Liquorice root, ) troyounces. Oil of sassafras, " anise, each, five minims. " gaultheria, three minims. Sugar, ninety-six troyounces. Water, one pint. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Macerate the first five ingredients in three pints of the alcohol for four days, transfer to a percolator, and, with diluted alcohol, obtain six pints of tincture ; evaporate this to three pints, add the water, filter, dissolve in it the sugar, and strain while hot. Eub the oils with a small portion of the syrup, and incorporate with the remainder. U. S. Ph. R. Sarsaparilla, two pounds. Bittersweet, Pipsissewa, each, half a pound. Guaiacum, Liquorice root, each, four ounces. Sassafras, Partridge-berry -leaves, each, two pounds. Sugar, twelve pounds. Reduce the ingredients to coarse powder, macerate them in diluted alcohol for two days, put in a displacement apparatus, and displace slowly until two gallons of liquid have passed. Evaporate on a water-bath till reduced to six pints, then add the sugar, and form a syrup. Staples. Dose, half a fl. ounce three or four times a day. Syrup of Laffecteur. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, Marsh-reed grass, each, thirty ounces. Borage flowers, eight ounces. Senna, White roses, each, two ounces. Sugar, Honey, each, r six pounds. Water, eighteen pints. Boil the first two ingredients in half the water for an hour, strain off the decoction, and repeat the process with the remainder of the water, and boil two hours ; towards close, add the senna, rose leaves, and bo- rage ; strain, mix the decoctions, add the sugar and honey, and boil to the consist- ence of syrup. Dose, six tablespoon fuls, early in the morning. Ellis. R. Sarsaparilla, twenty -four parts. Guaiacum wood, ) , . , Sassafras root, ( each > slste f Chiraroot, \ P arts - Yellow cinchona, eight parts. Anise, three parts. Digest the cut and bruised materials for several hours with 520 SASSAFRAS. Hot water, two hundred and fifty parts. Express, filter, and evaporate to eighty parts ; then dissolve in the liquid Sugar, one hundred and thirty parts. Ph. Germ. Dose, a tablespoonful several times daily. Syrup of Gesnouin. R. Syrup of sarsaparilla, four pounds. " senna, three ounces. Extract of borage, five ounces. Conserve of elder berries, one ounce. Mix, with heat. Four to six spoonfuls, early in the morning, using the infusion of sarsaparilla for a drink. Foy. each, four ounces. Sarsaparilla Beer. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, two pounds. Bark of guaiacum, powdered, eight ounces. Guaiacum wood, rasped, Anise, Liquorice root, Mezereon, bark of root, two ounces. Molasses, two pounds. Cloves, bruised, half an ounce. Boiling water, four gallons. Mix, and shake thrice a day. Let ferment ; when fully fermented, to be taken in doses of a small tumblerful two or three times a day. Hancock. SASSAFRAS Sassafras. Two parts of the Sassafras, Laurus sassa- fras (Sassafras officinale), are officinal ; the pith of the young braches and the bark of the root. Sassafras is a medium-sized tree, found in most parts of the United States, growing in woods and open places, flowering before the appearance of the leaves. Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lauraces. K N« ■cs, PI. Med. i. 131. Griffith, Mod. Bot. Ml; The pith is in Blender, cylindrical pieces, very spongy find light, with a mucilaginous and somewhat aromatic taste, affording a dear mucilage on the addition of water. Tin; bark is in small fragments, of a red- dish-brown color, brittle, of a fragrant odor, and a pleasant aromatic taste. The Euro- pean pharmacopeias recognize the entire root. It is stimulant and diaphoretic. Infusion of Sassafras Bark. R. Sassafras bark, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for six hours, and strain. As a stimulating diaphoretic. Niemann. Compound Infusion of Sassafras Bark. R. Sassafras bark, half an ounce. Liquorice root, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse. One-half, morning and evening. In scrofulous complaints. Huf eland. R. Cut sassafras bark, ninety grains. Mezereon, two drachms. Taraxacum, three ounces. Boiling water, sufficient to obtain twenty fl. ounces. Dose, two to three tablespoonfuls, in chronic rheumatism. Waring. Infusion of Sassafras Pith. R. Sassafras pith, two drachms. Water, one pint. Macerate for three hours, and strain. As a soothing application in ophthalmia, and as a demulcent drink in diseases of the bowels, lungs, and bladder. U. S. Ph. Tincture of Sassafras. R. Sassafras bark, sliced, one part. Alcohol, six parts. Macerate for three days, express, and filter. Dose, one fl. drachm. B6ral. Compound Tincture of Sassafras. R. Sassafras bark, bruised, four ounces. Sage, two ounces. Nutmeg, bruised, one ounce. Cinnamon, bruised, half an ounce. Star anise, three drachms. Alcohol, two pints. Macerate for three days, express, and filter. Wirt. Ph. As a stomachic and carminative. Oil of Sassafras. R. Bruised sassafras bark, at will. Water, sufficient. Distil, and collect the oil which sinks to the hot lorn of the product. Guibourt. hose, two to ten drops, as a carminative and stimulant. SCAMMONIUM. 521 SCAMMONIUM. SCAMMONY. This is the resinous exudation of the root of Coyivolmdus scammonia, a twining peren- nial plant, a native of Syria. It has a large, succulent root, affording a milky juice, which concretes by exposure to the air. The root is likewise officinal in several Euro- pean pharmacopoeias. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Convolvulacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 218. Griffith, Med. Bot. 477. The best, or virgin scammony, is light, resinous when broken, friable, not effer- vescing with an acid, of various shades of color, from dark ash to dark olive ; forming an emulsion with water. The odor is pe- culiar and unpleasant, resembling old cheese ; the taste is bitterish and acrid. It is an active purgative, causing pain, and usually operating with harshness when given alone, but much milder in combina- tion. The dose is from five to fifteen grains. Powder of Scammony and Cream of Tartar. R. Powdered scammony, Cream of tartar, equal parts. Mix. Ed. Ph. Dose, fifteen to thirty grains. Powder of Scammony and Soot. R. Powdered scammony, one drachm. Soot, one drachm and a half. Powdered resin, two drachms. Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty grains. Beasley. Compound Powder of Scammony. R. Scammony, in powder, four ounces. Jalap, «in powder, three ounces. Ginger, in powder, one ounce. Mix thoroughly and pass through a fine sieve. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Brit. Ph. Pills of Scammony. R. Powdered scammony, fifteen grains. Sugar, ten grains. Rub together, and add Oil of caraway, four minims. Make ten pills. Dose, three pills. Copland. Pills of Scammony and Ox Gall. R. Powdered scammon}^, two drms. Inspissated ox gall, three drms. Extract of gentian, half an ounce. Mix, and make one hundred and sixty-two pills. Dose four to six a day. Cadet. Compound Pills of Scammony. R. Powdered scammony, Extract of henbane, Powdered gamboge, Compound extract of colocynth, Soap, Water, Beat into mass, and Dose, two to three. each, twelve grains. J R sufficient. form twelve pills. Guy's Hosp. Scammony, Aloes, Gamboge, each, Ginger, Molasses, Rub together, and divide into twelve pills. St. Bart.'s Hosp. R. Scammony, Calomel, each, eight grains. Gamboge, four grains. Confection of rose, sufficient. Mix, and make four pills. Jourdain. twenty-four grains. twelve grains. one scruple. sufficient. Confection of Scammony. R. Scammony, in fine powder, three ounces. Ginger, in fine powder, one ounce and a half. Oil of caraway, one fl. drachm. " cloves, half a fl. drachm. Syrup, three fl. ounces. Clarified honey, one ounce and a half. Rub the whole into a uniform mass, adding the oils last. Dose, twenty to thirty grains. Brit. Ph. R. Powdered scammony, " jalap, each, two drachms. " squill, one drachm and a half. " resin of jalap, half a drachm. Syrup of buckthorn, sufficient. Mix, and form confection. A hydragogue purgative, in dose of ten grains to a scruple. Foy. 522 SCILLA, Resin of Scammony. B. Scammony, in fine powder, six troyounces. Digest with successive portions of boiling alcohol until exhausted ; reduce to a syrupy consistence by distillation, add to a pint of water, wash the precipitate thoroughly, and dry. U. 8. Ph. B. Scammony root, in coarse powder, eight ounces. Exhaust with alcohol by digestion and per- colation ; add to the tincture four fl. ounces of water, recover the spirit by distillation, transfer the residue while hot to an open dish, wash the resin with hot water, and dry. Brit. Ph. Dose, three to eight grains. Emulsion of Scammony. B. Resin of scammony, four grains. Unskimmed milk, two fl. ounces. Triturate the resin with a little of the milk, and gradually add the rest. Brit. Ph. Half a fl. ounce or more for a child. Compound Emulsion of Scammony. B. Scammony, fifteen grains. Sugar, four drachms. Triturate, and add gradually New milk, four fl. ounces. Cherry-laurel water, seventy minims. Dose, two fl. ounces or more. Paris Codex. Scammony Mixture. B. Resin of scammony, twelve grains. Spirit of rosemary, one fl. drachm. Orange-flower water, Syrup of peach-flowers, each, one fl. ounce. Mix. Cadet. Scammony Oil. B. Powdered scammony, one scruple. Oil of almonds, one ounce. Rub well together. Dose, half an ounce. Van Mons. Elixir of Scammony. U. Scammony, two drachms. Proof spirit, eight fl. ounces. Heat, and then set fire to the spirit, and add Sugar, four ounces. When it is dissolved, extinguish the flame, and add Syrup of violets, two fl. ounces. Filter. It will give ten ounces, containing twelve grains of scammony to the ounce. Guibourt. Soap of Scammony. B. Scammony, one drachm. Soap, two drachms. Alcohol (.SH), two fl. ounces. Dissolve by means of a water-bath, filter, and evaporate to -a pilular consistence. Guibourt. Purgative Pastilles. B. Scammony, six grains. Tincture of senna, forty drops. Carbonate of magnesium, five scruples. White sugar, eight scruples. Powdered liquorice, eight grains. Gum tragacanth, five grains. Oil of anise, one drop. Syrup of violets, sufficient to make eight pastilles. These are known as Pastilles de Santt, and are useful in cases of acid eructation and flatulence. One or two, taken early in the morning, act as a laxative ; by repeating the dose every quarter of an hour, full purgation ensues. Delvincourt. Purgative Chocolate. B. Chocolate, five drachms. Scammony resin, six grains. Calomel, one and a half grains. Sugar, half a drachm. Triturate the scammony and sugar to- gether in a mortar ; then add the calomel, and, when thoroughly mixed, add the choc- olate, previously softened by the heat of a water-bath. Make into forms. To be taken dry, and followed by some bland liquid. Mialhe. SCILLA. Squill Is the bulb of S'cilla maritima ( Urginea scilla), a perennial plant growing near the sea-coast of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean. The bulb is large, pyriform, and tunicated ; there are two varieties, the red and the white, but identical in their medical qualities. SCILLA. 523 Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Liliacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 442. Griffith, Med. Bot, 652. The bulb is sliced and dried for use ; in this state it is in white, or yellowish-white, semitransparent pieces, which are flexible when moist, but brittle when dry ; of a mucilaginous, bitter taste, but scarcely any odor. Squill is expectorant, diuretic, and in large doses emetic, and even purgative. Dose, as a diuretic or expectorant, one grain two or three times a day ; as an emetic, six to twelve grains. Powder of Squill and Nitre. R. Powdered squill, six grains. " nitre, one drachm. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, three times a day, in sugar and water. As a diuretic. Ellis. Powder of Squill and Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered squill, ten grains. " ipecacuanha, eighteen grains. Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. One, every two hours, in chronic catarrh. Foy. Powder of Squill and Cream of Tartar. R. Powdered squill, one drachm. Cream of tartar, nine drachms. Mix. Twenty to thirty grains two or three times a day, as a diuretic. Guy's Hosp. Powder of Squill and Sulphur. R. Powdered squill, one part. Sulphur, two parts. Powdered sugar, three parts. Mix. Dose, from five to twenty grains, ac- cording to age, in catarrhs. Guibourt. Powder of Squill and Calomel. R. Powdered squill, three grains. Calomel, Powdered gamboge, each, half a grain. Mix. To be taken in the evening. As a diuretic. A. Cooper. Compound Powder of Squill. R. Powdered squill, " foxglove, each, one grain. Oil of juniper, two drops. Borate of sodium, Powdered liquorice, each, one scruple. Powdered cinnamon, two grains. Mix. To be repeated two or three times a day, as a diuretic. Radius. R. Powdered squill, " foxglove, each, two grains. Resin of jalap, six grains. Acetate of potassium, thirty grains. Sulphate of sodium, two drachms. Mix. To be taken early in the morning, as a purgative and diuretic. Bories. Pills of Squill and Calomel. R. Calomel, Powdered squill, each, twelve grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and form twelve pills. One, night and morning. In dropsy, arising from vis- ceral derangement. Ellis. Fills of Squill and Ammoniac. R. Powdered squill, thirty grains. Ammoniac, one drachm and a half. Extract of hemlock, thirty grains. Mix, and form thirty pills; two. twice a day. In asthma and chronic catarrh. Ellis. Pills of Squill and Croton Oil. R. Compound pills of squill, two scruples. " extract of colocynth, two scruples. Croton oil, six minims. Mix, and form eighteen pills. Three, twice a week, in dropsy. Selwyn. Pills of Squill and Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered squill, sixteen grains. " ipecacuanha, eight grs. Extract of opium, one grain. Butter of cacao, thhly grains. Syrup of gum, sufficient. Beat together, and make sixteen pills. One, three times a day, as an expectorant. Cadet. R. Powdered squill, " . ipecacuanha, each, twelve grains. 524 SCILLA, Extract of dandelion, three scruples. Blue pill, ten grains. Simple syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Two, to be taken morning and evening, in dropsy. Ainslie. Pills of Squill and Henbane. R. Powdered squill, half a drachm. Extract of henbane, two scruples. Myrrh, one drachm and a half. Water, sufficient. Beat together, and make thirty pills. Two, morning and evening, as an expectorant. Paris. Pills of Squill and Digitalis R. Powdered squill, " digitalis, each u iron, Mix, and make forty pills, six daily, in albuminuria. R. Powdered squill, " digitalis, each, Blue mass, Mix, and form twelve pills, four times daily, in dropsy, thirty grains, sixty grains. Dose, two to Chomel. twelve grains, thirty grains. One, three or anasarca, etc. Baillie. Compound Pills of Squill. R. Calomel, three grains. Fresh squill, Ammoniac, each, one scruple. Dover's powder, half a drachm. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Make mass, and divide into thirty pills. One, three or four times a day. In trou- blesome catarrh. Latham. R. Powdered squill, half a drachm. Calomel, twenty-four grains. Tartar emetic, six grains. Powdered opium, eighteen grains. Syrup, sufficient. Beat together, and make twenty-four pills. One at night, in catarrh. Ellis. R. Powdered squill, twelve grains. " ginger, u ammoninc, each, twenty-four grains. Soap, in powder, thirty-six grs. Syrup, sufficient. | Beat into mass, and form twenty-four pills. U.S. Ph. R. Powdered squill, one ounce and a quarter. I; § in g er '. } each, " ammoniac, > ' " soap, 'f one ounce. Molasses, sufficient. Beat into a mass. Brit. Ph. Similar to the preceding, but containing about twice the proportion of squill. Five to ten grains, three or four times a day, as a stimulant expectorant. R. Powdered squill, fifteen grains. " ammoniac, one drachm and a half. " seneka, two drachms. Golden sulph. of antimony, half a drachm. Extract of dandelion, sufficient. Mix, and make pills of two grains. Diu- retic. Berends. R: Powdered squill, twenty-four grs. Calomel, sixteen grains. Soap, one drachm and a half. Galbanum, two drachms. Extract of dandelion, three drachms and a half. Essence of orange, sufficient. Mix, and make pills of two grains. Three or four a day, as purgative and diuretic. Pideret. Compound Syrup of Squill. R. Squill, in powder, No. 50, Seneka, in powder, No. 50, each, four troyounces. Tartar emetic, forty-eight grains. Sugar, forty-two troyounces. Diluted alcohol, Water, each, sufficient. Mix squill and seneka, moisten with half a pint of the alcohol, and macerate for four days ; then obtain by percolation one pint of tincture. Boil for a few minutes, evaporate by a water-bath to half a pint, add fourteen fl. ounces of boiling water, and filter. Dissolve in this the sugar, heat to boiling, and strain ; lastly, dissolve the tartar emetic, and add through the strainer enough water to make the measure three pints. U. S. Ph. Known as Coxe's Hive Syrup. Dose, as an expectorant, twenty to thirty drops, for adults ; for children, five to ten drops ; SCILLA. 525 in croup, ten drops to a fl. drachm, repeated till vomiting is produced. B. Oxj^mel of squill, one fl. ounce and a half. Syrup of ipecacuanha, " poppies, each, two fl. ounces. " orange-flowers, half an ounce. Mix. Dose, half to one fl. ounce, in hoop- ing-cough. Cadet. Wine of Squill. B. Squill, three ounces. Malaga wine, fifty ounces. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. Paris Codex. Compound "Wine of Squill. B. Bruised squill, one ounce. 44 orange-peel, 44 calamus, each, . three drachms. 44 juniper berries, two drachms. White wine, four pints. Macerate for three days, express, filter, and add Oxymel of squill, two fl. ounces. Mix. B. Dried squill, bruised, ) , Rhubarb, l e * ct1 ' ,° ne Juniper berries, J drachm ' Cinnamon, three drachms. Zedoary, two drachms. Carbonate of potassium, one drachm and a half. White wine, two pints. Macerate, express, and filter. Dose, two to four small wineglassfuls a day, as a diuretic. Taddei. Bitter Wine of Squill. B. Squill, Root of swallowwort, each, half an ounce. Peruvian bark, ) , Canella, C each > two Lemon-peel, ) ounees - Angelica, half an ounce. Wormwood, Balm, each, one ounce. Juniper berries, Mace, each, half an ounce. White wine, eight pints. Digest by a gentle heat, for four days, ex- press, and filter. As a diuretic, in doses of one to three fl. ounces. Cottereau. Tincture of Squill. B. Squill, in powder, No. 40, four troyounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by percolation two pints. U. S. Ph. The tincture of Brit. Ph. is of nearly the same strength ; Paris Codex and Ph. Germ, order one part of squill to five parts of 60 per cent, alcohol. Dose, as diuretic or expectorant, twenty to forty drops. Alkaline Tincture of Squill. B. Squill, two ounces. Solution of potassa, two fl. drachms. Diluted alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. Macerate for three days, express, and filter. Van Mons. Tincture of Squill and Elaterium. B. Tincture of squill, Yinegar of colchicum, each, two fl. drachms. Spirit of nitrous ether, Elaterium, one grain. Mix. Dose, fifteen minims to one fl. drachm. St. Bart.'s Hosp. Compound Tincture of Squill and Benzoin. B. Squill, } Orris root, y each, three ounces. Elecampane, ) Benzoin, two drachms. Liquorice root, } , four Ammoniac, two scruples. Saffron, eighteen grains. Diluted alcohol,. one pint, six fl. ounces. Macerate for fifteen days, express, and filter. Celebrated as Wedel's elixir. Dose, forty to sixty drops, in catarrh, asthma, etc. Cadet Ethereal Tincture of Squill. B. Squill, one ounce and a half. Muriatic ether, Spirit of juniper, each, half a pound. Water, sufficient. 526 SCILLA Distil one pound. Dose, ten to twenty drops, in water, as a diuretic. Augustin. R. Bruised squill, four ounces. Spirit of nitrous ether, two pints. Digest for eight days, and filter. Dose, half a fl. drachm, as an expectorant and diuretic. Mettauer. Mixture of Syrup of Squill. R. Syrup of squill, half a fl. ouuce. Paregoric elixir, two fl. drachms. Antimonial wine, one fl. drachm. Powdered gum Arabic, half a drachm. Distilled water, three fl. ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful every two or three hours, as an expectorant ; suited to children. Ellis. two fl. ounces. R. Syrup of squill, Peppermint water, each, Paregoric elixir, Compound spirit of lavender, each, half a fl. ounce. Syrup, one fl. ounce. Mix. A spoonful three or four times a day. A valuable expectorant. Christison. Diuretic Mixture. R. Oxymel of squill, half atroyounce. Peppermint water, one troyounce. Hyssop water, three troyounces. Spirit of nitrous ether, half a drachm. Mix. Paris Codex. Mixture of Oxymel of Squill and Valerian. R. Powdered valerian, two drachms. Oxymel of squill, one fl. ounce. Laudanum, twenty drops. Water, one fl. ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, after an emetic, in croup. Kimbel. Mixture of Extract of Squill and Rhubarb. R. Extract of squill, sixteen grains. Liquid acetate of potassium, half an ounce. Parsley water, four fl. ounces. Syrup of rhubarb, one fl. ounce. Mix. As a diuretic. Radius. Mixture of Oxymel of Squill and Ammoniac. R. Oxymel of squill, six fl. drachms. Ammoniac, one drachm. Extract of elecampane, twenty-four grains. Syrup of hyssop, six fl. drachms. Hyssop water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every hour, as an expectorant. Foy. Mixture of Vinegar of Squill. R. Vinegar of squill, one fl. drachm. Barley water, five fl. ounces. Syrup of saffron, one fl. ounce. Mix. A tablespoonful three or four times a day, in troublesome cough. Ainslie. Mixture of Vinegar of Squill and Ammonia. R. Yinegar of squill, two fl. drachms. Solution of acetate of am- monia, • Compound spirit of horse- radish, each, one fl. ounce and a half. Diluted pimento water, four fl. ounces and a half. Mix. Dose, two fl. ounces three times a day. As a diuretic. St. Bart's Hosp. Mixture of Oxymel of Squill and Ipecacuanha. R. Ipecacuanha, one drachm and a half. Lemon-peel, two drachms. Cream of tartar, half an ounce. Water, four fl. ounces. Boil, strain, and add Oxymel of squill, half a fl. ounce. Mix well ; as an expectorant. Cadet. Mixture of Oxymel of Squill and Marsh Mallow. R. Oxymel of squill, Syrup of marsh mallow, Mucilage of gum Arabic, Mix. As an expectorant ; in spoonful doses. Foy\ equal parts. Emulsion with Squill. R. Oil of almonds, Mucilage of gum Arabic, each, one fl. ounce] SCILLA. 527 "Wine of squill, eight fl. scruples. M ipecacuanha, four fl. scruples. Syrup of tolu, two fl. ounces. Water of hyssop, four fl. ounces. Water, Make an emulsion. eight fl. ounces. Btral. Ointment of Squill. R. Squill, three ounces. Solution of potassa, sufficient. Eeduce to mucilage by boiling, and add Lard, sufficient to form an ointment. As a friction to in dolent tumors. Huf eland Fluid Extract of Squill. R. Squill, in powder, No. 40, sixteen troyounces. Glycerin, two fl. ounces. Alcohol, fourteen fl. ounces. Macerate in a percolator for four days ; then with a mixture of two measures of al- cohol and one of water, displace twenty- four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, evaporate the remainder to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Each minim represents one grain of squill. Extract of Squill. R. Squill, one pound. Proof spirit, four pints. Macerate for some days, express, strain, and filter ; digest the residue with two pints of spirit, express, strain, and filter. Distil off" the spirit, and evaporate to proper con- sistence. Dose, one to three grains. Ph. Germ, and Paris Codex. Acetic Extract of Squill. R. Bruised squill, one pound. Acetic acid, three fl. ounces. Distilled water, one pint. Mix ; digest with a gentle heat for forty- eight hours, express by strong pressure, and evaporate, without straining, to the proper consistence. Dose, half a grain. Niblett. Electuary of Squill. R. Oxymel of squill, two fl. ounces. Cream of tartar, three ounces. Mix. Dose, two drachms. Beasley. each, two drachms. R. Powder of squill and nitre, Ammoniac, Tartrate of potassium, Chloride of ammonium, one scruple. Sy rup of cinnamon, sufficient. Mix. Dose, two drachms three times a day, in dropsy. Radius. Vinegar of Squill. R. Bruised squill, four ounces. Diluted acetic acid, sufficient. Obtain by maceration for seven days, or by displacement, two pints. U. S. Ph. The vinegar of Brit. Ph. is of about the same strength. R. Squill, cut small, one part. Alcohol, one part. Pure vinegar nine parts. Macerate for three days, express lightly, and strain. Ph. Germ. Diuretic and expectorant. Dose, thirty minims to a fl. drachm. Oxymel of Squill. R. Vinegar of squill, twenty fl. ounces. Clarified honey, thirty-two ounces (avoir.). Mix, and evaporate by water-bath to the specific gravity 1.32. * Brit. Ph. Dose, half to two fl. drachms. Honey of Squill. R. Squill, one part. Boiling water, six parts. Honey, twelve parts. Infuse the squill in water for twelve hours, express, strain, evaporate to one-third, add honey and evaporate to the density 1.27. Paris Codex. Syrup of Squill. R. Vinegar of squill, one pint. Sugar, twenty-four troj'ounces. Mix, and form syrup. U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. As expectorant. Dose, about a fl. drachm. Aromatic Syrup of Squill. R. Vinegar of squill, half a pound. Syrup of cinnamon, " ginger, each, one pound. Mix. As a stimulating expectorant. Swediaur. 528 SCOPARIUS. — SCUTELLARIA, SCOPARIUS. Broom. This is the fresh tops of the Sarothamnus scoparius ( Cytisus scoparius), a shrub, native of many parts of Europe, and cultivated in this country, with numerous, bright-yellow flowers. Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Fabacese. Link, enum. ii. 241. Griffith, Med. Bot. 233. The officinal portion is the tops of the branches, but the seeds are also used. The branches have a bitter, nauseous taste, and a strong, peculiar odor. It is a diuretic and cathartic, and even emetic, and has been advantageously used in dropsy. The seeds have been recommended in the same com- plaint. Decoction of Broom. R. Broom tops, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint (imper.). Boil for ten minutes, and strain. Brit. Ph. Dose, two to four fl. ounces three times a day. Compound Decoction of Broom. R. Broom tops, Juniper tops, each, half an ounce. Cream of tartar, two drachms and a half. Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to a pint, and strain. Ed. Ph. R. Broom tops, } , Juniper berries, V- ' Dandelion root, ) Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to a pint, and strain. Lond. Ph. 1836. Dose, same as infusion. half an ounce. Juice of Broom. R. Fresh broom tops, seven pounds. Bruise in a stone mortar, press out the juice, and to every three measures of juice add one measure of alcohol ; after several days, filter. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Brit. Ph. Extract of Broom. R. Tops of broom, at will. Boil, in eight times their weight of Water, down io one-half; express, let settle, and strain. Evaporate by vapor-bath to proper con i jtenoe. Dub. Ph. 1826. Dose, a scruple to a drachm. Conserve of Broom. R. Broom flowers, one part. Sugar, two parts. Rub together. Dose, a drachm to two drachms, in gout, rheumatism, etc. Van Mons. Tincture of Broom Seed. R. Broom seed, two ounces. Proof spirit, eight fl. ounces. Macerate for ten days. Dose, one or two fluidrachms thrice daily. Pearson. SCROPHULARIA NODOSA. FlGWORT. A semi-aquatic plant, native of many parts of Europe, flowering in July. Sex Syst. Didyn. angios. Nat. Syst. Scro- phulariacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 863. Griffith, Med. Bot. 518. The leaves are the part used ; they have a rank, unpleasant odor, and a bitter, dis- agreeable taste. They have been used as a tonic, diuretic, and anthelmintic, but are principally used as an external discutinent application. Ointment of Fig-wort. R. Fresh leaves of figwort, Prepared lard, each, two pounds. " suet, one pound. Boil till the leaves are crisp, express, and strain. Bub. Ph. 1826. As an application to piles, painful swell- ings, and cutaneous eruptions. Oleo-Infusion of Figwort. R. Leaves of figwort, three parts. Olive oil, one part. Infuse, express, and strain. Used as above. Van Mons. SCUTELLARIA. SCULLCAP. Several species indigenous to this country have been used in medicine; the one recog- nized by the U. S. Ph. is S. lateriflora. Sex. Syst. Didyn. Gymnosp. Nat. Syst. Labiatae. Jt is a smooth herb, growing in moist localities, with small blue flowers in leafy racemes; almost inodorous and tasteless. It w;is at one time asserted to have proved efficacious in hydrophobia; but appears to possess merely mild tonic properties. S. pilosa and integrifolia have a more decided bitter taste, and have been used somewhat as tonics. SENEGA, 529 SENEGA. Seneka. The officinal name for the root of Polygala senega, a native, perennial plant, found in most parts of the United States, on hill sides and in dry woods, flowering from June to August. Sex. Syst. Diadelph. octand. Nat. Syst. Polvgalace?e. Linn. Sp. PI. 990. Griffith, Med. Bot. 225. The root is contorted, knotted, tapering, branched, with a ridge or carina. It has thick, resinous, grayish-yellow, cortical layer, which is the active portion. It has a peculiar, but unpleasant odor; and a mu- cilaginous, sweetish taste, which becomes acrid and irritating. Its action is very various, being emetic, sudorific, diuretic, and expectorant, and even emmenagogue and purgative. It is principally used as a stimulating expectorant and diuretic. The dose, in powder, is from ten to twenty grains, but it is seldom given in this form. Compound Powder of Seneka. R. Powdered seneka, half an ounce. Cream of tartar, six drachms. Magnesia, two drachms. Mix. A teaspoonful twice a day, in pan- nus of the eye. Radius. Pills of Seneka. R. Powdered seneka, six drachms. Extract of dandelion, sufficient. Mix, and make pills of two or three grains. Six to twelve, three times a day, in hypo- pyon and paunus. Radius. Infusion of Seneka. R. Seneka, bruised, half an ounce. Boiling water, ten ounces. Infuse for one hour in a covered vessel, nd strain. Brit. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Compound Infusion of Seneka. R. Seneka, two drachms. Boiling water, six fl. ounces. Infuse, strain, and add Syrup of tolu, one fl. ounce. Ammoniac, half a drachm. Mix well. A tablespoonful every two hours. In catarrh. Ellis. Boil for fifteen minutes and strain to obtain one pint. JJ. S. Ph. Dose, a tablespoonful every three hours. R. Seneka, bruised, one ounce. Liquorice root, half an ounce. Distilled water, one pint and a half. Boil down to a pint, and strain. Dose, a tablespoonful, in pectoral diseases. Ellis. R. Bruised seneka, one ounce. Orange-peel, half an ounce. Water, one pint. Simmer by a slow fire, till reduced one- third ; add orange-peel ; cover till cold, then strain. Four fl. ounces during the day, at first, and then increase, as an emmenagogue. Chapman. Decoction of Seneka. |R. Seneka, bruised, one troyounce. Water, sufficient. 34 Tincture of Senega. R. Senega, in coarse powder, two and a half ounces. Proof spirit, sufficient. Obtain by maceration and displacement twenty fl. ounces. Dose, half to two fl. drachms. Brit. Ph. Syrup of Seneka. R. Seneka, in powder, No. 50, four troyounces. Sugar, fifteen troyounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Displace the seneka with the alcohol, evaporate the tincture at or below 160° to half a pint, filter, dissolve the sugar, and strain while hot. U. S. Ph. Dose, half to one or two fl. drachms, in pectoral complaints. It is about five times stronger than the next. two parts. twenty-two parts. three parts. R. Senega, cut, Water, Alcohol, Macerate for two days, express, filter, and add Sugar, thirty-six parts. Dissolve. Ph. Germ. Fluid Extract of Senega. R. Senega, in powder, No. 60, sixteen troyounces. Glycerin, three fl. ounces. Water, five fl. ounces. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Macerate the senega, properly packed in a percolator, for four days with the mixed liquids ; then, with diluted alcohol, obtain 530 SENEGA, twenty-four fl. ounces of percolate ; reserv- ing the first fourteen, add to the remainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate carefully to two fl. ounces and mix with reserved por- tion. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to twenty minims. Extract of Senega. R. Senega, in powder, No. 50, twelve troyounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by percolation three pints of tinc- ture ; evaporate this by a water-bath to the proper consistence. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to five grains. The extract of Ph. Germ. Emulsion with Seneka. R. Bruised seneka, half an ounce. Water, nine fl. ounces. Boil down one-third, strain, and add Camphor, one scruple. Gum Arabic, two drachms. Make an emulsion, and add Compound tincture of ammonia, two fl. drachms. A tablespoonful every two hours, as a stimulating expectorant. Phoebus. Pectoral Jelly with Seneka. R. Bruised seneka, two drachms. Water, twelve fl. ounces. Boil down to nine fl. ounces, strain, and add Isinglass, sufficient. Syrup of orange flowers, one ounce. Form a jelly. A tablespoonful occasion- ally. Radius. Mixture with Seneka. R. Seneka, bruised, two drachms. Water, sufficient to obtain eight fl. ounces of strained decoc- tion ; add Camphor, one drachm. Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally. Brera. R. Infusion of seneka, four fl. ounces. Syrup of ipecacuanha, onefl. ounce. Oxymel of squill, three fl. drachms. Tartar emetic, one grain and a half. Mix. A tablespoonful every quarter of an hour, till vomiting is produced. In croup. Jadelot. R. Bruised seneka, One drachm and a half. Boiling water, sufficient to obtain four fl. ounces of the strained de- coction ; add Antimonial wine, two fl. scruples. Syrup of marsh mallow, one fl. ounce. A small spoonful occasionally, in the second stage of croup, as an expectorant. Wendt. R. Spirit of nitrous ether, two fl. drachms. Tincture of hyoscyamus, ninety minims. Decoction of senega, three fl. ounces. Camphor water, sufficient for four fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, a fluid- ounce thrice daily, in palpitation arising from aortic disease. Barlow. R. Decoction of senega, two fl. ounces and a half. Carbonate of ammonium, eight grains. Tincture of squill, sixteen minims. Syrup of tolu, three fl. drachms. Mix. Dose, three fl. drachms every four hours for a child of two or three years, as an expectorant in croup. West. Polygalic Acid. R. Seneka, in powder, sixteen ounces. Alcohol (35° B.), six pints. Ether, sufficient. Purified animal charcoal, two ounces. Boil the seneka in four pints of the alcohol for fifteen minutes ; suffer it to cool, then throw the whole on a displacement filter, and when the liquid ceases to pass, add more alcohol, until six pints of tincture are obtained. Distil off the alcohol till of a syrupy consistence, wash this with ether, to remove fatty matter, and throw the residue into several times its bulk of concentrated alcohol. After standing for twenty-four hours, the polygallic acid will be precipi- tated as a light Drown powder, which is to be collected on a filter, washed with cold, strong alcohol, and dried. It may be ren- dered more pure by boiling it with alcohol and the animal charcoal, filtering, and col- lecting the powder. W. Procter, Jr. SBNN4- 531 Syrup of Polygalic Acid. R. Polygalic acid, eight grains. Boiling water, half a fl. ounce. Syrup of gum Arabic, one fl. ounce and a half. Dissolve and mix. Dose, a teaspoonful. W. Procter, Jr. SENNA. Senna. Under this name is included the leaves of several species of Cassia, as C. acutifolia, C. elongata, C. obovata, etc., forming what are termed Alexandria, Tripoli, India, and Mecca sennas. They are all perennial plants, growing in Africa and Asia. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Mat. Syst. Fabaceae. Christison, Dispen. 858. Griffith, Med. Bot. 254. The leaves only are officinal in the U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph., but the pods are also em- ployed in Europe in veterinary practice. The leaves have a faint, but unpleasant odor, and a somewhat bitter, very nauseous taste. Senna is an active purgatiA^e, usually causing nausea and colic when given alone. It is seldom administered in substance ; the dose is from half a drachm to two drachms. Senna Deprived of Resin. R. Senna, one part. Alcohol, four parts. Macerate for two days, express, and dry. Ph. Germ. The resinous principle, causing griping, is removed by this treatment without in- jury to the purgative properties. Laxative Species. (St. Germain Tea.) R. Senna, deprived of resin, sixteen parts. Elder flowers, ten parts. Fennel, Anise, each, five parts. Cut and bruise ; when dispensing add Cream of tartar, three parts. A pleasant laxative. Ph. Germ. Compound Powder of Senna. R. Powdered senna, Cream of tartar, each, two ounces. Powdered scammony, half an ounce. " ginger, two drachms. Mix. Dose, a scruple to a drachm. Lond. Ph. 1788. Powder of Senna and Guaiacum. . R. Powdered senna, " guaiacum, equal parts. Mix. Dose, two teaspoonfuls twice or thrice a day. In jaundice. Augustin. Extract of Senna. R. Senna, one part. Boiling water, eight parts. Infuse with the water in two portions, ex- press, let settle, decant, and evaporate. Dorvault. Pills of Senna. R. Powdered senna, one drachm. Extract of dandelion, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty pills. Dose, five to eight. Eufeland. Confection of Senna. (Lenitive Electuary.) R. Senna, in fine powder, eight troyounces. Coriander, in fine powder, four troyounces. Figs, twelve troyounces. Prunes, sliced, seven troyounces. Tamarinds, ten troyounces. Purging cassia, finely bruised, sixteen troyounces. Sugar, in coarse powder, thirty troyounces. Water, sufficient. Digest purging cassia, tamarind, prune, and fig with three pints of water for three hours ; separate the coarser portions by the hand, and rub the pulpy mass, first through a coarse sieve and then through a fine one, or through a muslin cloth. Digest the residue with a pint of water, and treat the same as before ; mix the pulpy liquids, dissolve the sugar, and evaporate to eighty- four troyounces, and, while yet warm, in- corporate with it the senna and coriander. The whole should then weigh ninety-six troyounces. U. S. Ph. A good and agreeable laxative. Dose, about two drachms, at bedtime or early in the morning. The confection of Brit. Ph. is very simi- lar in composition ; the formula of Paris Codex is very complex. R.. Senna, in fine powder, ten parts. Coriander, ■ one part. Syrup, fifty parts. Pulp of tamarind, fifteen parts. 532 SE^NA Heat the syrup and pulp by means of a steam-bath, and add the mixed powders to form an electuary. Ph. Germ. Compound Confection of Senna. R. Confection of senna, two ounces. Powdered jalap, one drachm. Cream of tartar, two drachms. Powdered ginger, one drachm and a half. Syrup, sufficient. Mix. Dose, one drachm. Electuary of Senna and Rhubarb. R. Powdered rhubarb, " senna, each, two drachms. " fennel, three drachms. " liquorice, half an ounce. Pulp of purging cassia, " tamarinds, each, two ounces. Syrup of male fern, sufficient. Mix. Dose, two drachms to half an ounce. Van Mons.. Electuary of Senna and Cream of Tartar. R. Powdered senna, three drachms. Cream of tartar, one drachm. Manna, three ounces and a half. Pulp of purging cassia, " tamarinds, each, one ounce and a half. Syrup of violets, sufficient. Mix. Dose, about two drachms. Van Mons. R Electuary of Senna and Figs. Powdered senna, half an ounce. Pulp of figs, sufficient. Make an electuary. A piece the size of a hazel nut, night and morning, to obviate costivcness. Ellis. Electuary of Senna and Sulphur. B. Powdered senna, } ^ one Btilphur, i. 0Hnce _ Cream of tartar, ) Manna, six ounces. I'ulp of tamarinds, eight ounces. Syrup of senna, sufficient. Mix. Said to be useful in hemorrhoids. Dose, two to three drachms. Swediaur. Compound Wine of Senna R. Senna, Rhubarb, one ounce, six drachms. Cloves, Saffron, each, one drachm. Sherry wine, two pints. Macerate for five days, often agitating, and decant. As a tonic purgative. Dose, about two fl. ounces. Pierquin. R. Senna, four ounces. Coriander, Fennel, each, two drachms. Sherry wine, two pints and a half. Digest for three days ; add Stoned raisins, three ounces. Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, and strain. Swed. Ph. Tincture of Senna. R. Senna, two ounces and a half. Caraway, bruised, Coriander, bruised, each, half an ounce. Stoned raisins, two ounces. Proof spirit, twenty fl. ounces. Obtain by maceration and displacement twenty fl. ounces. This is the old Elixir Salutis. Lond. Ph. A warm, stomachic purgative, in atonic gout, etc., in doses of two fl. drachms to a fl. ounce. Tincture of Senna and Jalap. R. Senna, three ounces. Jalap, in powder, one ounce. Coriander, bruised, Caraway, bruised, each, half an ounce. Cardamom, bruised, two drachms. Sugar, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, three pints. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 1850. Similar to the last; used in same cases, and in like doses. Tincture of Senna and Gentian. R. Senna, four ounces. Gentian, bruised, Orange-peel, bruised, each, one ounce. Proof spirit, sixty-four ounces. Infuse for some days, often stirring, express, and filter. Swediaur. SENNA. 533 Infusion of Senna. R. Senna, one troyounce. Coriander, bruised, one drachm. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for an hour, in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, about four fl. ounces. R. Senna, Ginger, sliced, Boiling water, Infuse in a covered vessel for one hour, and strain. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Brit. Ph. one ounce. thirty grains. ten ounces. Compound Infusion of Senna. R. Senna, half an ounce. Sulphate of magnesium, Manna, each, one ounce. Fennel seed, one drachm. Boiling water, half a pint. Macerate in a covered vessel till cool, and strain. Dose, one-third, every four or five hours, till it operates. Wood. R. Senna, cut, two parts. Boiling water, twelve parts. Digest for five minutes, express, and add Rochelle salt, two parts. Manna, three parts. Dissolve and strain. The product should weigh fifteen parts. This is the Vienna draught much employed in Europe. Ph. Germ. Black Draught. R. Senna, Mint, each, ten drachms. Boiling water, two pints. Macerate for an hour, strain, and add Salphate of magnesium, eight ounces. Dose, two to four fl. ounces. Guy's Hosp. Infusion of Senna and Tamarinds. R. Senna, one drachm. Tamarinds, one ounce. Coriander, bruised, one drachm. Brown sugar, half an ounce. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. Infuse for four hours in a covered vessel, and strain. Dose, two to four fl. ounces. Ed. Ph. Infusion of Senna and Coffee. R. Senm two drachms, one drachm. Roasted coffee, Boiling water, Hot milk, each, three fl. ounces. Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. To be taken at once, in the morning. Foy. R. Senna, ten grains. Hot infusion of coffee, " milk, each, at will. Mix, and when cool, strain, and add Sugar, sufficient. An agreeable purge for children. The amount of senna to be increased according to the age. Guersant and Blake. R. Senna, 1 , Sulphate of magnesium, L ,J Coffee, roasted and f ' -, ounce, ground, J Boiling water, four fl. ounces. Digest for half an hour, strain, and add Sugar, one and a half ounces. As efficient as the " black draught" but much more agreeable. Combes. R. Coffee, roasted and ground, Senna, each, one ounce. Boiling water, half a pint. Make an infusion, and evaporate to one ounce, and add Simple syrup, three fl. ounces. Mix. Combes. Infusion of Senna and Buckthorn. R. Senna, two drachms. Sulphate of sodium, half an ounce. Boiling water, four fl. ounces. Syrup of buckthorn, one fl. ounce. Infuse, cool, and strain. Ellis. Infusion with Tincture of Senna. R. Infusion of senna, six fl. drachms. Tincture of senna, two fl. drachms. Manna, two drachms. Spearmint water, Distilled water, each, one fl. ounce and a half. Mix. One-half at a dose ; to be repeated, if it does not operate. Abernethy. Anthelmintic Emulsion. R. Infusion of senna, ten fl: drachms. Syrup of buckthorn, one fl. drachm. 534 SENNA, Confection of scammony, two scruples. Copaiba, thirty minims. Spirit of turpentine, six fl. drachms. Mix, and make an emulsion. Very effi- cient as an anthelmintic ; to be taken early in the morning. Med.-Chirurg. Rev. Compound Senna Mixture. R. Sulphate of magnesium, four ounces. Extract of liquorice, half an ounce. Tincture of senna, two and a half ounces. Comp. tincture of cardamom, ten fl. drachms. Infusion of senna, sufficient. Dissolve the sulphate, and extract in four- teen fl. ounces of the infusion, add the tinc- tures and sufficient infusion to make twenty fl. ounces. Dose, two to three tablespoonfuls. Brit. Ph. R. Infusion of senna, one fl. ounce. Tincture of jalap, one fl. drachm. Sulphate of magnesium, four drachms. Syrup of ginger, one fl. drachm. Mix. As a purgative draught. Ainslie. Infusion of Senna and Rhubarb. R. Senna, six drachms. Manna, one ounce. Bruised rhubarb, " cardamom, each, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for one hour, and strain. Half a teacupful every hour, till it operates. Ellis. Infusion of Senna and Lemon Juice. R. Senna, one ounce and a half. Fresh lemon-peel, one ounce. Lemon juice, one fl. ounce. Boiling water, sixteen fl. ounces. Infuse for two hours, and strain. Lond. Ph. 1746. Syrup of Senna. R. Senna, broken small, sixteen ounces. Oil of coriander, three minims. Sugar, twenty-four ounces. Water, one hundred ounces. Alcohol, two fl. ounces. Digest senna at 120° first with seventy ounces of water for twenty-four hours, after- wards with the remaining water for six hours. Evaporate the expressed and mixed liquids in a water-bath to ten fl. ounces, and when cold, add the oil dissolved in the alcohol ; filter, wash the filter with water to obtain sixteen fl. ounces, and dissolve in this the sugar. The product should weigh forty-two ounces, and have the sp. gr. 1.310. Dose, one to four fl. drachms. Brit. Ph. A fluidounce represents half an ounce of senna. Syrup of Senna and Manna. R. Senna, cut, ten parts. Fennel, bruised, one part. Hot water, fifty parts. After several hours express, and dissolve Manna, fifteen parts. After subsiding, decant, strain, and in fifty- five parts dissolve Sugar, fifty parts. Used as a mild laxative for infants, and as an addition to purgative mixtures. Ph. Germ. Compound Aromatic Syrup of Senna. R. Alexandria senna, fourtroyounces. Jalap, one troy ounce and a half. Rhubarb, four drachms. Cinnamon, Cloves, each, one drachm. Nutmeg, thirty grains. Oil of lemon, twenty minims. Sugar, twenty-four troyounces. Exhaust the first six articles, in powder, No. 50, by diluted alcohol, evaporate by means of a water-bath to eighteen fluid- ounces, filter, dissolve the sugar, and add the oil. Dose, two to four fl. drachms. Grahame. Fluid Extract of Senna. R. Senna, in powder, No. 60, sixteen troyounces. Glycerin, Water, each, four fl. ounces. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Macerate the powder, properly packed in a percolator, with the mixed liquids for four days ; then, with diluted alcohol, displace twenty-six fl. ounces, reserving the first ten, SERPENTARIA. 535 add to the remainder four fl. ounces of gly- cerin, evaporate to six fl. ounces, and mix with the reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Syrup of Senna and Rhubarb. B. Syrup of senna, four fl. ounces. " rhubarb, two fl. ounces. " cinnamon, one fl. ounce. Mix. Van Mons. Syrup of Senna and Cider. B. Cider, four pounds. Senna, four ounces and a half. Digest for a night, express, and strain, then add Sugar, three pounds. Clarify, and form a syrup. Sard. Ph. Injection of Senna. B. Senna, Sulphate of sodium, each, four drachms. Boiling water, sixteen ounces. Infuse senna iu the water, strain, and dis- solve the sulphate. Paris Codex. SBRPENTARIA. Virginia Snakeroot. Virginia snakeroot is furnished by several species of Aristolochia, as the A. serpentaria, A. hirsuta, and A. reticulata, all natives of the United States, especially the western portions. Sex. Syst. Gynand. hexand. Nat. Syst. Aristolochiace*. Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 159. Griffith, Med. Bot. 529. The root, which is the officinal portion, is very similar in all the above-mentioned species. It is in tufts of slender, long, matted fibres, attached to a knotty, rugged head. These fibres are brittle, of a yellow- ish or brownish color, with an aromatic odor, and a pungent, bitter, camphorated taste. It is a stimulating tonic, and may also act as a diaphoretic and diuretic. The dose of the powder is from ten to thirty grains, Compound Pills of Virginia Snakeroot. B. Powdered Virginia snakeroot, twenty-four grains. Camphor, forty-eight grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make eighteen pills ; to be taken during the apyrexia, in malignant inter- mittents. Foy. Electuary of Virginia Snakeroot. B. Powdered Virginia snakeroot, " conti^erva, each, one drachm. Aromatic confection, one drachm. Preserved ginger, six drachms. Syrup of parsley, sufficient. Make electuary. Half a drachm every four hours, as a febrifuge. Cadet. Fluid Extract of Virginia Snakeroot. B. Serpentaria, in powder, No. 60, sixteen troyounces. Alcohol, one pint. Macerate the powder, properly packed in a percolator, with the alcohol for four days ; then with alcohol displace twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, evapo- rate the remainder to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to thirty minims. Infusion of Virginia Snakeroot. B. Serpentaria, in powder, No. 40, half a troyounce. Water, sufficient. Moisten with two fl. drachms of water, pack firmly in a conical percolator, and with water displace one pint. It may also be prepared by macerating the serpentaria in a pint of boiling water for two hours, and straining. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. macerates half an ounce of serpentaria with twenty fl. ounces of boil- ing water. Dose, one to two fl. ounces every two hours, in low forms of fever. Compound Infusion of Virginia Snakeroot. B. Virginia snakeroot, Contrayerva, each, five drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours, strain, and add Tincture of Virginia snakeroot, two fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. Beasley,. Tincture of Virginia Snakeroot. B. Serpentaria, in powder, No. 50, four tro3'ounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by displacement two pints. U. S. Ph. 536 SESAMUM. — SIMAKUBA The tincture of Brit. Ph. is of nearly the same strength. Mixture of Virginia Snakeroot and Allspice. R. Comp. infus. of Virginia snakeroot, twelve fl. ounces. Tincture of allspice, four fl. ounces. Mix. Four spoonfuls every six hours, in retrocedent and atonic exanthemata. Saunders. Acetated Mixture of Virginia Snakeroot and Allspice. R. Add vinegar, two fl. ounces, to sixteen fl. ounces of last- mentioned mixture. Dose, as above, in petechial typhus. Swediaur. Infusion of Virginia Snakeroot and Ether. R. Yirginia snakeroot, six drachms. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. Infuse, and strain ; when cold, add Sulphuric ether, two fl. drachms. A tablespoonful, every hour. Richter. "Wine of Virginia Snakeroot and Vanilla. R. Virginia snakeroot, six drachms. Vanilla, two drachms. Sherry wine, one pint. Macerate for four hours, and add to the strained liquid Camphor, half a drachm. Acetic ether, one fl. drachm. Syrup of cinnamon, half a fl. ounce. Dose, two spoonfuls an hour, in low states of the system. Vogt. Tincture of Virginia Snakeroot and Balsam of Peru. R. Virginia snakeroot, six drachms. Proof spirit, five fl. ounces. Water, sufficient to obtain six fl. ounces of strained fluid ; after one hour of infusion, add Camphor, half a drachm. Balsam of Peru, one drachm. Gum Arabic, two drachms. Make an emulsion, and add Acetie ether, one fl. drachm. A spoonful every hour, in cases requiring stimulation. J'hwbus. SESAMUM. Benne. Two species of Sesamura, the S. orientate, and the S. Indicum, afford leaves and seeds that are recognized as officinal. They are both natives of Asia, and are cultivated in the West Indies and in the southern parts of the United States. Sex. Syst. Didyn. angios. Nat. Syst. Peda- Linn. Sp. PI. 883, 884. Griffith, Med. Bot. 515. The seeds are small, inodorous, and afford a bland oil, which may be used for all the purposes of olive oil. The leaves abound in a gummy substance which forms, with wa- ter, a rich, bland mucilage, useful in all cases requiring the use of demulcents. Infusion of Benne. R. Fresh leaves of benne, a handful. Cool water, a pint. Infuse till a mucilage is formed. When dried leaves are used, the water should be hot. Wood. Oil of Benne. This is obtained from the seeds by ex- pression. It is inodorous, of a sweet, bland taste, and keeps well without becoming* rancid. It is used as an application to promote softness of the skin. Redwood. It has likewise been recommended as a substitute for the more costly olive oil in many pharmaceutical preparations. SIMARUBA. SlMARUBA. This is the bark of the root of Simaruba officinalis, a large tree, native of Jamaica, and several parts of South America. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Si- marubaceje. De Cand, Prod. i. 733. Griffith, Med. Bot. 198. The bark is in long pieces, much rolled or quilled. It is fibrous, tough ; of a grayish color externally, and yellowish within. It is inodorous, but extremely bitter. It has the properties of the pure bitters, but is apt to act on the stomach and bowels. Infusion of Simaruba. B. Simaruba bark, bruised, three drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours, and strain. Ed. Ph. Dose, two fl. ounces. SIXAPIS Compound Infusion of Simaruba. R. Simaruba, Wormwood, each, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for fifteen minutes ; strain, and add Syrup of gentian, one fl. ounce. To be taken in wineglassful doses. Foy. SIN APIS. Mustard. The seeds of two species of sinapis are used iu medicine, those of S. nigra and 8. alba, both annual plants, indigenous to many parts of Europe, and cultivated in our gar- dens. Sex. Syst. Tetradyn. siliq. Nat. Syst. Bras- sicaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 933. Griffith, Med. Bot. 133. Black mustard seeds are small, globular, of a deep brown color, having a peculiar smell when bruised, which becomes pun- gent on the flour being mixed with water ; Their taste is bitterish and pungent. "White mustard seeds are larger, of a yellowish color, and less pungent. These seeds act as a laxative ; when in the state of flour, they operate as an emetic, and when applied to the skin as a rubefacient, or even vesicant. Cataplasm of Mustard. R. Boiling water, ten fl. ounces. Cake meal, Flour of mustard, each, two ounces and a half. Mix the powders, and gradually add the water, stirring till a cataplasm is formed. Brit. Ph. R. Flour of mustard, two' ounces. Crumb of bread, four ounces. Common salt, half an ounce. Yinegar, sufficient. Mix. Amnion. Used as rubefacients and revulsives. Compound Cataplasm of Mustard. R. Flour of mustard, eight ounces. Powdered white pepper, " ginger, each, one drachm. Oxymel, sufficient. Mix. Foy. R. Flour of mustard, four ounces. Yeast, one ounce and a half. Chloride of ammonium, one drachm. Rue, half an ounce. Yinegar, sufficient. Mix. Span. Ph. Used as above. R. Flour of mustard, Hot water, Mix. As a rubefacient. 537 four ounces, sufficient. Ellis. Mustard Paper. R. Black mustard, in powder, ninety grains. Solution of gutta-percha, sufficient. Add together to obtain a mixture of semi- liquid consistence, and spread on one side of rather stiff paper, four inches square; then dry. Before applying to the skin dip for about fifteen seconds in warm water. U. S. Ph. Mustard Gargle. R. Mustard, four drachms. White wine, six ounces. Angelica spirit, one ounce. Digest, and strain. Thilenius. R. Flour of mustard, one drachm. Water of angelica, u hyssop, each, six fl. ounces. Spirit of horseradish, half a fl. ounce. Chloride of ammonium, four fl. scruples. Honey of roses, four fl. ounces. Mix. Spielmann. Mustard Foot Bath. R. Flour of mustard, four ounces. Hot water, one gallon. Mix. Btral. Injection of Mustard. R. Flour of mustard, two drachms. Boiling water, sixteen ounces. Infuse. In uterine discharges arising from ulcerated carcinoma. Ashwell. Mustard Whey. R. Milk, one pint. Water, two pounds. Bruised mustard-seed, one ounce and a half. Boil till curdled, and strain. Beasley. R. Milk, one pint. Bruised mustard seed, one ounce. Boil till curdled, and strain, then add Sherry wine, six fl. ounces. 538 A draught every hour or two, iu low states of the system. " Ellis. SODIUM. — SODA, Mustard Ointment. R. Flour of mustard, three ounces. Oil of almonds, half a fl. ounce. Lemon juice, sufficient. Mix. In sun-burn, etc. Frank. Compound Mustard Ointment. R. Resin ointment, one ounce. Soap, half an ounce. Camphor, two scruples. Flour of mustard, one scruple. Mix. Ferriar. Lotion of Mustard. R. Flour of mustard, one ounce. Express the oil, and add to the mass Oil of turpentine, eight ounces. Macerate for three days, express, and strain. As a friction in paralysis. Niemann. Fixed Oil of Mustard. A fixed oil is obtained in the preparation of flour of mustard, by subjecting the bruised seed to powerful expression in an hydraulic press. This oil is used as a sub- stitute for sweet oil, for dressing salad, etc. Volatile Oil of Black Mustard. R. Bruised black mustard seed, twenty pounds. Cold water, sufficient to cover. Macerate, distil, and separate the oil. Magendie. A very active rubefacient. Tincture of Oil of Mustard. R. Volatile oil of mustard, one part. Alcohol, fifty parts. Dissolve. A good rubefacient. Ph. Germ. Compound Liniment of Mustard. R. Volatile oil of mustard, one fl. drachm. Ethereal extract of mezereon, forty grains. Camphor, one hundred and twenty grains. Castor oil, five 11. drachms. Alcohol, four fl. ounces. Dissolve. As a rubefacient. Brit. Ph. R. Lard, Oil of almonds, each, twelve ounces. Yellow wax, four ounces. Melt by a gentle heat, pour into a heated mortar, and when cooling, add Oil of lavender, three ounces. Carbonate of ammonium, half an ounce. Tincture of mustard, two fl. ounces. Camphor, one ounce. Triturate the ammonia with the oil of lavender ; dissolve the camphor in the tinc- ture, and add both to the melted mass, incorporating well. As an application to chilblains. B6ral. SODIUM. Sodium. SODA. Caustic Soda. R. Solution of soda, at will. Evaporate in an iron vessel, till it will solidify, on cooling ; pour upon a flat stone or iron plate. U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. Solution of Soda. R. Carbonate of sodium, twenty-six troyounces. Lime, eight troyounces. Dissolve the carbonate in three and a half pints of distilled water, heat to boiling, and mix with it the hot mixture of the lime, and three pints of distilled water ; boil for ten minutes, transfer to a muslin strainer, and wash the sediment upon it with enough distilled water to make the strained liquid measure six pints ; keep it in bottles of green glass. It has the sp. gr. 1.071, and contains five and seven-tenths per cent, of hydrate of sodium. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. employs twenty-eight ounces of carbonate of sodium and twelve ounces of lime, and obtains a solution of the sp. gr. 1.047. Ph. Germ, orders a solution having the sp. gr. 1.332, and containing thirty per cent, of hydrate of sodium. Caustic soda is used as a caustic and escharotic, like caustic potassa. The solu- tion is antacid and sedative to the stomach, and appears to influence the secretion of the liver. Dose of the solution of U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. ten to thirty minims, largely diluted. SODA CHLOEINATA. — SODII ACETAS. 539 SODA CHLORINATA. Chlorinated Soda. R. Dried carbonate of sodium, nineteen parts. "Water, one part. Mix and place in a suitable vessel, and pass in chlorine gas to saturation. Chrisiison. This article is more generally used in the liquid state, prepared in the following manner. Solution of Chlorinated Soda. R. Chlorinated lime, twelve troyounces. Carbonate of sodium, twenty-four troyounces. Water, twelve pints. Dissolve the carbonate of sodium in three pints of the water, with the aid of heat. Triturate the remainder of the water with the chlorinated lime, in small portions at a time. Set aside for some hours, to settle ; decant clear solution, and add that of the carbonate of sodium, decant, and strain through linen, and keep in bottles, pro- tected from the light. U. S. Ph. Solution of chlorinated soda, Paris Codex, is less than one-third this strength; Ph. Germ, directs four chlorinated lime, five carbonate of sodium, and thirty parts of water. R. Carbonate of sodium, , twelve ounces. Distilled water, thirty-six ounces. Dissolve, and pass into the solution the washed chlorine gas evolved from fifteen fl. ounces of muriatic acid and four ounces of black oxide of manganese ; then keep the liquid in stoppered bottles in a cool and dark place. Brit. Ph. This is known as Labarraque's Disin- fecting Solution; it is chiefly employed as a disinfectant, but is also used internally, in doses of thirty drops to one fl. drachm, in low fevers, etc. Diluted Solution of Chlorinated Soda. R. Solution of chlorinated soda, half a fl. drachm. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. To be taken in spoonful doses, in the apyrexia of intermittents. Gouzee. R. Solution of chlorinated soda, one part. Water, twelve to sixteen parts. As a lotion to foul and cancerous ulcers. Foy. Gargle of Chlorinated Soda. R. Solution of chlorinated soda, Hydromel, Distilled water, Mix. one fl. drachm. one fl. ounce. seven fl. ounces. Beral. Mouth Wash of Chlorinated Soda. R. Solution of chlorinated soda, Tincture of myrrh, each, half a fl. ounce. Rose water, one fl. ounce. Water, six fl. ounces. Mix. In aphthous ulceration of the mouth. Waring. R Injection of Chlorinated Soda. Solution of chlorinated soda, one fl. ounce. Water, sixteen fl. ounces. Mix. Used as a vaginal injection in fetid discharges from malignant diseases. Pereira. Cataplasm of Chlorinated Soda. R. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. Cake meal, four ounces. Solution of chlorinated soda, two fl. ounces. Add the meal gradually to the water, con- stantly stirring ; then mix in the chlorinated soda. Applied to foul and sloughing ulcers. Brit. Ph. SODII ACETAS. Acetate of Sodium. It is chiefly prepared by the manufacturer of crude pyroligneous acid, in the process of obtaining the officinal acetic acid. Diuretic or cathartic, according to dose, which varies from one scruple to four drachms. Compound Pills of Acetate of Sodium. R. Acetate of sodium, five drachms. Camphor, Nitrate of potassium, each, two drachms Conserve of elder berries, sufficient. Mix, and make one hundred and twenty pills. Dose, two, morning and evening, to check the secretion of milk. Bories, 540 SODII AESENIAS. — SODII BICARBONAS. each, one drachm. B. Acetate of sodium, Powdered rhubarb, Inspissated ox gall, Powdered gum Arabic, half a drachm. Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, ten to fifteen, twice a day, as a laxative. Augustin. SODII ARSENIAS. Arseniate of Sodium. B. White arsenic, two tro jounces. Nitrate of sodium, eight hundred and sixteen grains. Dried carbonate of sodium, five hundred and twenty-eight grains. Pulverize, mix, and introduce into a clay- crucible, expose to a full red heat until effer- vescence ceases and complete fusion has taken place. Pour the salt on a porcelain slab, and while still warm, put into half a pint of boiling distilled water, dissolve, filter, and crystallize. Brit. Ph. and U. S. Ph. In intermittents, and some diseases of the skin. Dose, one-sixteenth to one-eighth of a grain. Solution of Arseniate of Sodium. B. Arseniate of sodium, rendered anhydrous by a heat not ex- ceeding 300°, four grains. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. Dose, five to ten minims. U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. B Heinecke's Solution. Arseniate of sodium, six grains. Peppermint water, two fl. ounces and a half. Add to the solution Wine of cinnamon, half a fl. ounce. Laudanum, one fl. drachm. Dose, forty to fifty drops, four times a day. Heinecke. Pearson's Solution. B. Crystallized arseniate of sodium, one grain, Distilled water, one fl. ounce, Dissolve. Dose, twenty drops. Pearson, B. Arseniate of sodium, one grain. Distilled water, six hundred grains. Dissolve. Paris Codex. SODII BICARBONAS. Bicarbonate op Sodium. Carbonate of sodium, crystallized, two pounds. Carbonate of sodium, dried, three pounds. Triturate together, and saturate in a suit- able bottle with carbonic acid gas ; then shake the salt with half its weight of cold distilled water, drain, and dry by exposure to the air. Brit. Ph. B. Commercial bicarbonate of sodium, in powder, sixty-four troyounces. Put in a conical glass percolator, cover with wet muslin, and percolate six pints, or suffi- cient water through it until the percolate ceases to precipitate a solution of sulphate of magnesium ; dry it. U. S. Ph. Antacid. Dose, ten to sixty grains. B Emulsion with Bibarbonate of Sodium. Bicarbonate of sodium, sixteen grains. Nitre, four grains. Syrup of marsh mallow, " violets, each, one fl. ounce. Lettuce water, two fl. ounces. Emulsion of almonds, twelve fl. ounces. Mix. In nephritic complaints. B4ral. Effervescent Citro-Tartrate of Sodium. B. Bicarbonate of sodium, in powder, seventeen ounces. Tartaric acid, in powder, eight ounces. Citric acid, in powder, six ounces. Mix thoroughly, heat the mixture to be- tween 200° and 220°, and when the parti- cles begin to aggregate, stir assiduously to obtain granules ; by suitable sieves sepa- rate the granules of uniform and conve- nient size. Dose, one to two drachms. Brit. Ph. SODII BICABBOSTAS. 541 Effervescing Soda Powders. R. Bicarbonate of sodium, twenty-six grains. Powdered ginger, five grains. White sugar, two drachms. Essence of lemon, one drop. Mix, and put in a white paper. R. Tartaric acid, half a drachm. Put in a blue paper. When used, dissolve the contents of each paper in four fl. ounces of water, mix the solutions, and drink in a state of effervescence. Known as the Ginger beer powders. Pereira. Powder of Bicarbonate of Sodium and Magnesia. R. Magnesia, half an ounce. Bicarbonate of sodium, Powdered ginger, each, one scruple. Mix. A small teaspoonful occasionally. Ellis. Lotion of Bicarbonate of Sodium. R. Bicarbonate of sodium, two or three drachms. Water, one pint. Dissolve. Eecommended in eczema and impetigo of the scalp. Devergie. Lozenges of Bicarbonate of Sodium. R. Bicarbonate of sodium, three troyounces. Powdered sugar, nine troyounces. " nutmeg, sixty grains. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Beat together, aud form four hundred and eighty lozenges. U. S. Ph. Antacid and antilithic. They contain three grains ; those of Brit. Ph. each five grains of bicarbonate. R. Bicarbonate of sodium, two ounces. Sugar, thirty-four ounces. Oil of peppermint, eighteen drops. Mucilage, thiil^-six drachms. Mix, and make lozenges of eighteen grains. R. Bicarbonate of sodium, four parts. Sugar, sixty parts. Chocolate, ei^lit parts. Mucilage, nine parts. Make lozenges of eighteen grains. Biral. Anti-Emetic Mixture. R. Bicarbonate of sodium, one drachm and a half. Powdered gum Arabic, two drachms. Oil of spearmint, four drops. White sugar, two drachms. Carbonic acid water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally, to calm the stomach, or prevent vomiting. Dewees. Effervescent Soda Solution. R. Bicarbonate of sodium, thirty grains. Water, twenty ounces. Dissolve, and pass carbonic acid gas into the solution to obtain a pressure of seven atmospheres. Brit. Ph. Artificial Seidlitz "Water. R. Sulphate of magnesium, one ounce. Bicarbonate of sodium, Tartaric acid, in crystals, each, one drachm. Water, twenty-one fl. ounces. Dissolve the salts separately, filter the so- lutions, mix in a suitable bottle, add the acid, and cork well. Paris Codex. Artificial Selters (Seltzer) Water. R. Chloride of calcium, four grains. " magnesium, twelve grains. " sodium, four grains. Carbonate of sodium, sixteen grs. Phosphate of sodium, one grain. Sulphate of iron, one-sixth grain. " sodium, six grains. Carbonic acid water, twenty fl. ounces. Dissolve. Soubeiran. Artificial Vichy Water. R. Carbonate of sodium, one hun- dred and six grains. Chloride of sodium, three grains. " calcium, Sulphate of sodium, each, eight grains. " magnesium, . two and a half grains. " iron, one-tenth grain. Water, twenty fl. ounces. 542 SODII BISULPHAS. — SODII BORAS Dissolve and impregnate with four volumes of carbonic acid. Dorvault. Soda Mint. R. Bicarbonate of sodium, four drachms. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, one drachm. Peppermint water, one pint. Dissolve, and mix. Dose, a tablespoonful for adults, thirty to sixty minims for in- fants, as an antacid and carminative for over-fed infants and dyspeptics. G. Norris. Mixture of Bicarbonate of Sodium and Copaiba. R. Bicarbonate of sodium, one drachm. Almond emulsion, four fl. ounces. Copaiba, two fl. drachms. Laudanum, sixty drops. Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally, in acute pain in the bladder. Ellis. SODII BISULPHAS. BlSULPHATE OF SODIUM. R. Dried sulphate of sodium, ten parts. Sulphuric acid, seven parts. Heat in a crucible. Purgative in doses of two to six drachms. Bisulphate of Sodium and Magnesium. R. Bisulphate of sodium, at will. Hot water, sufficient. Dissolve, add magnesia to saturation ; filter, and crystallize. Laxative and diuretic, in doses from half a drachm to two drachms, several times a day. Van Mons. Effervescent Solution of Bisulphate of Sodium. R. Bisulphate of sodium, eight drachms. Bicarbonate of sodium, five drachms. Water, one quart. Dissolve in a suitable bottle. A pleasant aperient, in doses of a wineglassful. Dorvault SODII BORAS. Borax. Borax is found native in several parts of Europe, and in Peru, and on the snores of certain lakes in Persia and Thibet. It is a mild diuretic. The dose is about thirty grains. Compound Powder of Borax. R. Powdered borax, one drachm. " saffron, ten grains. Oil of cinnamon, two drops. Mix, for two doses. As an emmenagogue. Wedel. R. Cream of tartar, one ounce. Nitrate of potassium, Borax, each, two drachms. Powdered digitalis, twenty grains. Mix and make twelve powders. One, twice or thrice daily, in dropsy. Copland. Lozenges of Borax. R. Powdered borax, two drachms. " sugar, half an ounce. Mucilage, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty lozenges. One, occa- sionally, in aphthous sore mouth. Phoebus. Pills of Borax and Aloes. R. Borax, thirt} r grains. Aloes, Capsicum, each, twenty grains. Oil of lavender, sufficient. Make eighteen pills. Dose, two, thrice daily, in amenorrhcea. Copland. Collutory of Borax. R. Borax, two drachms. Water, Tincture of myrrh, each, one fl. ounce. Honey of roses, two ounces. Mix. Swediaur. R. Borax, three drachms. Mucilage of quince seeds, eight fl. ounces. Honey of roses, Mix. two ounces. Bahi. R. Borax, three drachms. Infusion of roses, one fl. ounce. Honey of roses, two ounces. Mix. Pringle. SODII BEOMIDTTM. 543 Collyrium of Borax. R. Borax, one drachm. Laudanum, half fl. drachm. Rose water, four fl. ounces. Mix. Fricke. R. Borax, Sugar, Rose water, Mix. half a drachm. one drachm. two fl. ounces. Richard. Gargle of Borax. R. Borax, two drachms. Oxymel, half fl. ounce. Water, eleven fl. ounces. Mix. Beasley. R. Borax, one drachm. Tincture of myrrh, half fl. ounce. Clarified honey, one fl. ounce. Rose water, four fl. ounces. Mix. Ellis. In aphthous sore mouth, ptyalism, etc. Lotion of Borax. R. Borax, half a drachm. Orange-flower water, Rose water, each, half fl. ounce. Dissolve. In pruritus. Cadet. R. Borax, half an ounce. Sulphate of morphia, six grains. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. Used as a lotion in pruritus vulvae. C. D. Meigs. Glycerite of Borax. R. Borax, in powder, one troyounce. Glycerin, four fl. ounces. Rub together until dissolved. U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. Cosmetic Wash of Borax. R. Benzoin, one drachm. Bitter almonds, six drachms. Borax, two drachms. . Rose water, eight ounces. Make emulsion and dissolve the borax. Schubarth. Vinegar of Borax. R. Distilled vinegar, two fl. ounces. Borax, one drachm. As lotion to ringworm of the Christison. Dissolve, scalp. Honey of Borax. R. Powdered borax, one drachm. Clarified honey, one troyounce. Mix. Jl S. Ph. In aphtha. Mixture of Borax. R. Borax, two drachms. Chamomile water, four fl. ounces. Syrup of orange-peel, half fl. ounce. Liquid succinate of ammonium, two fl. drachms. Wine of opium, half a fl. drachm. Mix. As an emmenagogue, and to facili- tate parturition. Dose, two spoonfuls every half hour. Swediaur. R. Powdered ergot, twenty grains. Borax, ten grains. Cinnamon water, one ounce. Mix. One dose. Rigby. Liniment of Borax. R. Borax, one drachm. Balsam of Peru, ninety grains. Oil of almonds, one ounce. Yolk of egg, White of egg, each, two drachms. Mix thoroughly. Applied to sore nipples. Harless. Ointment of Borax. R. Powdered borax, fifteen grains. Fresh butter, two drachms. Rub together. Applied to scaly eruptions. Radius. R. Powdered borax, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. Rub together. An excellent application to painful hemorrhoidal tumors, and to cracked nipples. Pereira. two drachms, one ounce. Cadet. R. Powdered borax, Rose ointment, Mix. For children. SODII BROMIDUM. Bromide of Sodium. R. Solution of bromide of iron, at will. " carbonate of sodium, sufficient to precipitate; filter, and evaporate. Magendie. 54A SODII CAEBOLAS. — SODII CAEBONAS Ointment of Bromide of Sodium. R. Bromide of sodium, thirty-four grains. Lard, one ounce. Mix. As an application to obstinate cutaneous eruptions. Magendie. SODII CARBOLAS. Carbolate of Sodium. Solution of Carbolate of Sodium. R. Pure carbolic acid, five parts. Liquid caustic soda, Distilled water, Dissolve. Used like pure carbolic acid, of which this solution contains half its weight. Made with impure carbolic acid, it may be used externally. one part. four parts. Ph. Germ. SODII CARBONAS. Carbonate op Sodium. Dried Carbonate of Sodium. R. Carbonate of sodium, at will. Heat in a clean iron vessel, till perfectly dried, stirring constantly ; rub into powder. U. S. Ph. Dose, three to ten grains. Solution of Carbonate of Sodium. R. Carbonate of sodium, one ounce and a half. Distilled water, (imp.) one pint. Dissolve. The sp. gr. is 1.026. Dub. Ph. Dose, half a fl. ounce to one ounce diluted, two or three times a day, as antacid, etc. Diuretic Solution with Carbonate of Sodium. R. Carbonate of sodium, three drachms. Nitre, one drachm and a half. Honey, one ounce and a half. Decoction of couchgrass, three pints. Mix. A glassful every hour, in dropsy. Cadet. Mixture of Carbonate of Sodium and Ipecacuanha. R. Carbonate of sodium, twelve grains. Wine of ipecacuanha, twenty drops. Laudanum, four drops, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, Mix. A teaspoonful every two or three hours, in hooping-cough of children. Ellis. Mixture of Carbonate of Sodium and Chamomile. R. Carbonate of sodium, one drachm. Chamomile water, three fl. ounces. Syrup of gentian, one fl. ounce. Tincture of Peruvian bark, one fl. drachm. Mix. A spoonful occasionally, in scrofula. Foy. Mixture of Carbonate of Sodium and Quassia. R. Carbonate of sodium, two drachms and a half. Rasped quassia, one drachm and a half. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for one hour, and strain. Two to four spoonfuls a day, in dyspepsia. Augustin. Mixture of Carbonate of Sodium and Gentian. R. Carbonate of sodium, four scruples. Compound infusion of gentian, three fl. ounces. Cinnamon water, three fl. ounces. Tincture of cardamom, half a fl. ounce. Mix. A tablespoon ful every two or three hours, in acidity and flatulence. Ellis. R Pills of Soda and Rhubarb. Powdered rhubarb, Dried carbonate of sodium, Extract of gentian, Calomel, three grains. Mix, and make twenty pills. Two, occa- sionally, in dyspepsia. Ellis. each, one scruple. SODII CHLOEAS. 545 Pills of Soda and Ipecacuanha. R. Carbonate of sodium, one drachm. Bitter almonds, half a drachm. Ipecacuanha, three grains. Extract of madder, twenty-four grains. "Water, sufficient. Beat into mass, and form sixty pills. Three, morning and evening, in obstinate cutane- ous diseases. Foy. Carbonate of Sodium Pills. R. Extract of chamomile, one drachm. Powdered rhubarb, one scruple. Carbonate of sodium, half a drachm. Oil of caraway, ten minims. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. Mix. and make twenty-four pills. Two to be taken thrice a day, in dyspepsia. Ainslie. Injection of Carbonate of Sodium. R. Carbonate of sodium, one drachm. Soap, two ounces. Water, twelve fl. ounces. Advised as an injection, in cases of uric acid calculi. Bories. Pills of Carbonate of Sodium. R. Dried carbonate of sodium, one drachm. Soap, two scruples. Water, sufficient. Beat together, and make thirty pills. Three, thrice a day. In calculous affec- tions. Ellis. Powder of Carbonate of Sodium and Rhubarb. R. Dried carbonate of sodium, one ounce. Rhubarb, four drachms. Ginger, one scruple. Mix. In cardialgia, and dyspepsia. Beasley. Dose, ten to twentv grains. Powder of Carbonate of Sodium and Mercury. R. Dried carbonate of sodium, five drachms. Calomel, one drachm. Compound chalk powder, ten drachms. Mix. Dose, eight to sixteen grains. Guy's Uosp. Lotion of Carbonate of Sodium. R. Saturated solutiou of carbonate of sodium, one ounce. Warm water, two pints. Ointment of Carbonate of Sodium. R. Carbonate of sodium, two drachms. Wine of opium, one fl. drachm. Lard, one ounce. Mix. In cutaneous affections attended with pain. Soubeiran. R. Carbonate of sodium, Sulphuret of sodium, each, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. Mix. In tinea capitis, having removed the crusts. Alibert. R. Impure carbonate of sodium, three drachms. Slaked lime, two drachms. Lard, two ounces. Mix. As the last. Cadet. R. Carbonate of sodium, Slaked lime, Opium, Lard, Mix. In prurigo. two drachms. one drachm. two grains. two ounces. Biett. SODII CHLORAS. Chlorate op Sodium. R. Tartaric acid, five ounces. Boiling water, two pints. Dissolve, and add Carbonate of sodium, forty -five drachms and a half. Also, dissolve Chlorate of potassium, four ounces and fifteen grains. Boiling water, sixteen fl. ounces. Mix the solutions whilst "boiling, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Hamb. Ph. Mix. As a lotion in pruritus. Radius. 35 Lotion of Chlorate of Sodium. R. Chlorate of sodium, two drachms. Water, four fl. ounces. In pruritus. Darling. 5±6 SODII CHLORIDUM, Gargle of Chlorate of Sodium. R. Chlorate of sodium, one to three scruples. Barley water, three ounces. Honey of roses, one ounce. Mix. Radius. Collutory of Chlorate of Sodium. R. Chlorate of sodium, in powder, Honey, equal weights. Mix well. Dorvault. SODII CHLORIDUM. SOD^J MlJRIAS. (Common Salt.) Powder of Common Salt and Cochineal. R. Powdered common salt, three drachms. " cochineal, fifteen grs. Mix, and divide into six powders. Anthel- mintic. One, every morning, following; the last dose by some purgative. Rush. Compound Saline Powder. R. Common salt, Sulphate of magnesium, each, four ounces. " potassium, three ounces. Dry the salts separately, and pulverize ; rub them well together, and keep in well-closed vessels. Ed. Ph. As a laxative, in doses of two or three drachms, in a half pint of carbonic acid water, early in the morning. Bath of Common Salt and Gelatine. R. Common salt, one pound. Water, four pints. Pour the solution in a bath, and add Flanders glue, two pounds, olved in Water, six pints. Recommended in scrofulous affections. Foy. Fomentation of Common Salt. R. Common salt, two ounces. Water, six fl. ounces. Vinegar, Brandy, each, three fl. ounces. M i.\. Asa fomentation to bruises. Vogt. Clyster with Common Salt. R. Common salt, Barley water, Add to the solution Olive oil, Mix. one ounce, half a pint. one fl. ounce. Mid. Hosp. R. Common salt, one to two ounces. Tepid flaxseed infusion, one pint. Dissolve, and add Castor or olive oil, Molasses, each, two fl. ounces. One-half to be used at a time ; the remain- der in half an hour afterwards, if needed. Ellis. Clyster of Common Salt and Arnica. R. Common salt, one ounce. Infusion of arnica, twelve fl. ounces. Mix. Said to be useful in apoplexy and paralysis. Foy. Mixture of Common Salt and Lemon Juice. R. Lemon juice, at will. Common salt, sufficient to saturate ; filter. A tablespoonful every hour, in apyrexia of intermittents. Bories. Ointment of Common Salt. R. Common salt, one drachm. Water, Lard. sufficient to dissolve, one ounce. Rub together till smooth. The strength to be gradually increased from one drachm of the salt to four. To inflamed eyelids. Tavignot. Compound Ointment of Common Salt. R. Common salt, one ounce and a half. Water, sufficient to dissolve. Simple cerate, three ounces. Rose-water ointment, one ounce. Rub together. In tinea capitis, as a fric- tion, morning and evening. St. Marie. R. Common salt, two drachms. Nut oil, one drachm. Ox gall, one ounce and a half. Digest together for thirty-six hours, and triturate well. As a friction to scrofulous tumors. Roncalli. SODII CITEAS. — SODII IODIDUM, 547 SODII CITEAS. Solution of Citrate of Sodium. (Potion of Riverus.) R. Citric acid, four parts. Pure carbonate of sodium, (crystallized), nine parts. Distilled water, one hundred and ninety parts. Dissolve the acid in the water, add the car- bonate, dissolve by agitation, and then cork the vial. Ph. Germ. Somewhat effervescent. Used in place of neutral mixture. SODII HYPOSULPHIS. Hyposulphite of Sodium. B. Carbonate of sodium, eight ounces. Distilled water, one pint. Dissolve, and mix with the solution Sulphur, cne ounce. Then pass an excess of sulphurous acid gas into the liquid ; boil for a few minutes in a matrass; filter, evaporate to one-third, and set aside to crystallize. Paris Codex. Used in diseases of the skin, in doses of ten grains to one drachm. R. Dried carbonate of sodium, in powder, one pound. Sulphur, five ounces. Mix and heat in a porcelain vessel until the sulphur melts ; stirring the mass to bring every portion in contact with the air. Dis- solve the compound thus formed in water ; filter, boil the solution with sulphur; filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Walchner. Principally used in daguerreotyping. Collutory of Hyposulphite of Sodium. R. Hyposulphite of sodium, Glycerin, each, two drachms. Water, six drachms. Dissolve and mix. In diphtheria. Fomentation of Hyposulphite of Sodium. R. Hyposulphite of sodium, one ounce. Water, twelve ounces. Dissolve. In tineae. Till. Fox. Syrup of Hyposulphite of Sodium. R. Hyposulphite of sodium, one ounce. Water, twelve fl. ounces. Sugar, twenty-three ounces. Dissolve the salt in the water, add the sugar, and form syrup. Dose, from one to two ounces twice a day. Mouchon. Bath of Hyposulphite of Sodium. B. Hyposulphite of sodium, one to four ounces. Water, one gallon. Dissolve, and mix with the water of a bath, adding vinegar while the patient is in the bath, to liberate the sulphurous acid and sulphur. Pereira. SODII NITRAS. Nitrate or Sodium. (Cubic Nitre.) This salt is found in immense beds in Peru, whence it is imported for the manu- facture of nitric acid, chrome yellow, sul- phuric acid, etc. It crystallizes in rhomboidal prisms ; its taste is sharp, cooling, and bitter. It is used in medicine for similar purposes as nitrate of potassium, and in about the same doses ; on account of its mild action it is principally used in febrile conditions of children. B Mixture of Nitrate of Sodium. Nitrate of sodium, thirty grains. Decoction of marsh mallow, two ounces. Sugar, two drachms. Mix. One or two fl. drachms every hour. FricTce. Fomentation of Nitrate of Sodium. B. Nitrate of sodium, one ounce. Water, two ounces. Dissolve. In articular rheumatism. Rademacher. B. SODII IODIDUM. Iodide or Sodium. Solution of iodide of iron, recently prepared, at will. Solution of carbonate of sodium, sufficient ;48 SODII PHOSPHAS. — SODII SULPHAS to precipitate : filter and evaporate to crys- tallization. Used for the same purposes and in the same manner as iodide of potassium. It is stated by Gamberini to be better borne and less likely to occasion iodism than the po- tassium salt. Dose, five to twenty grains. SODII PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Sodium. R. Powdered burnt bones, ten pounds. Sulphuric acid, six pounds. Carbonate of sodium, sufficient. Mix the powdered bone with the acid in an earthen vessel, add a gallon of water, and stir. Digest for three days, occasionally adding a little water, then pour in a gallon of boiling water, and strain ; adding boiling water till the liquid passes almost tasteless. Let settle, decant, and boil down to a gallon. After settling, pour it into an iron vessel, heat, and gradually add the carbonate of so- dium dissolved in hot water, as long as there is effervescence ; then filter, and let crystal- lize. More crystals will be obtained by adding carbonate of sodium in excess, and again evaporating to crystallization. Keep in a well-stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. A mild purgative, in doses of four drachms to one ounce. R. Acid phosphate of calcium, at will. Add carbonate of sodium to saturation ; let settle, decant, evaporate, and crystallize. Guibourt. Compound Powder of Phosphate of Sodium. R. Phosphate of sodium, two drachms. Carbonate of sodium, one drachm. Fennel sugar, half an ounce. Mix. Two to three teaspoonfuls a day, to aid digestion. Berends. Mixture of Phosphate of Sodium. R. Phosphate of sodium, half an ounce. Decoction of carrageen, six fl. ounces. Syrup of orgeat, half an ounce. Mix. As a purgative. Radius. R. Phosphate of sodium, Syrup of marsh mallow, each, half an ounce. Water, four fl. ounces. Mix. As a purgative. Augustin. SODII SULPHAS Sulphate of Sodium. (Glauber's Salt.) Powder of Sulphate of Sodium and Tartar Emetic. R. Sulphate of sodium, two ounces. Tartar emetic, Opium, each, one grain. Gum Arabic, Powdered liquorice, each, one drachm. Mix. To be taken in water in divided doses during the day, as a purgative and diuretic. Swediaur. Powder of Sulphate of Sodium and Nitre. R. Dried sulphate of sodium, eighteen drachms. Nitre, half a drachm. Tartar emetic, one grain. Mix. One-third, as a dose, in water or broth. Beasley. Powder of Sulphate of Sodium and Opium. R. Sulphate of sodium, four scruples. Powdered opium, two grains. Mix. In hemorrhages and inflammations, after bleeding. Radius. Compound Pills of Sulphate of Sodium. R. Sulphate of sodium, half a drachm. Bitter almonds, one drachm. Ipecacuanha, two grains. Extract of madder, sufficient. Beat into mass, and make sixty pills. Three, morning and evening, in obstinate cutaneous affections. Foy. Electuary with Sulphate of Sodium. R. Dried sulphate of sodium, half an ounce. Pulp of tamarinds, one ounce. Syrup of lemon juice, sufficient. Mix. Two spoonfuls every hour, till it onerates. Phoebus. Compound Solution of Sulphate of Sodium. R. Sulphate of sodium, fourteen drachms. Acetate of potassium, twenty-four grains. SODII SULPHIDUM. — SODII SULPHURE TUM. 519 Nitre, eigliteen grains. Tartar emetic, quarter of a grain. Water, two pints. Dissolve, and filter; in wineglassfuls, in habitual constipation. Soubeiran. Emulsion with Sulphate of Sodium. R. Sulphate of sodium, one ounce. Oil of almonds, one fl. ounce. Yolks of eggs, two. Syrup of manna, two fl. ounces. Fennel water, six fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, two spoonfuls. Phoebus. Lemonade with Sulphate of Sodium. R. Sulphate of sodium, one ounce and a half. Lemon juice, half an ounce. Sugar, three ounces. "Water, sixteen fl. ounces. Mix. Radius. Clyster of Sulphate of Sodium. R. Sulphate of sodium, one ounce. Barley water, six fl. ounces. Dissolve, and add Oil of flaxseed, two ounces. Swediaur. Lotion of Sulphate of Sodium. R. Sulphate of sodium, six ounces. Soap, three drachms. Lime water, eighteen fl. ounces. Rectified spirit, six fl. drachms. Mix. In chronic cutaneous affections. Van Mons. Suppository of Sulphate of Sodium. R. Sulphate of sodium, Soap, each, half an ounce. Honey, sufficient. Mix, and make four suppositories. Phoebus. SODII SULPHIDUM Sulphide op Sodium. R. Solution of caustic soda, sp. gr. 1.33, Saturate with sulphuretted hydrogen gas, crystallize, keeping the liquid from contact with air, drain and preserve the colorless crystals. Paris Codex. at will. Sulphuretted Water. R. Sulphide of sodium, Chloride of sodium, each, two grains. Water, twenty-one fl. ounces. Deprive the water of air by boiling, make solution, and preserve in bottles. Paris Codex. Sold in France as artificial mineral water of Bareges, Saint Sauveur, etc. SODII SULPHIS. Sulphite of Sodium. It occurs in white efflorescent prismatic crystals, is soluble in four parts of cold and less than one part of boiling water ; it has a sulphurous taste and an alkaline reaction. It is purgative and is used in zymotic dis- eases. Its solution, locally applied to ulcers, acts as a stimulant to healthy action, se- dative and deodorizer. "When used inter- nally, acidulous drinks should be avoided. Dose, three to six drachms a day, dissolved in water. Solution of Sulphite of Sodium. R. Sulphite of sodium, one drachm. Water, . one fl. ounce. Dissolve. As a mouth wash. Aitken. Lotion of Sulphite of Sodium. R. Sulphite of sodium, one drachm. Water, three drachms, one ounce. Glycerin, Dissolve and mix. In pruritus pudendi and svcosis. Frizell. SODII SULPHO-CARBOLAS. SULPHOCARBOLATE OF SODIUM. R. It is made by precipitating a solu- tion of sulpho-carbolate of cal- cium with a solution of sulphate or carbonate of sodium, filtering, evaporating, and crystallizing. Recommended by Dr. Samson as a means for introducing carbolic acid into the system without the disadvantages usually attend- ing its direct administration. Dose, ten to forty grains, dissolved in water. SODII SULPHURETUM. SULPHURET OF SODIUM. R. Sulphur, twenty parts. Carbonate of sodium, dried. twenty-seven parts. 550 SODII TAETEAS. — SOLIDAGO. Mix, heat in a matrass till melted ; on cool- ing, detach, and keep in a well-closed vessel. Cottereau. Bath with Sulphuret of Sodium. B. Sulphuret of sodium, ten ounces. Solution of common salt and gelatine, (see page 546), four fl. ounces. Mix with the water of the bath, at the moment the patient enters it. In chronic cutaneous affections. Cadet. Mixture of Sulphuret of Sodium and Sal Ammoniac. B. Sulphuret of sodium, one drachm. Chloride of ammonium, fifty grains. Dissolve each in six ounces of water, mix the solutions, after having filtered them. As a lotion in itch, etc. Van Mons. Lotion -with Sulphuret of Sodium. B. Sulphuret of sodium, three ounces. Soap, one ounce and a half. Dissolve in Alcohol, one pint. Add to the solution Lime water, eight pints. In tinea capitis ; the head to be washed with it every day, without removing the hair. Liniment of Sulphuret of Sodium. B. Sulphuret of sodium, four parts and a half. Sulphur, Oil of almonds, each, one part and a half. Lard, six parts and a half. Rub the powders with the lard, and grad- ually add the oil. As a lotion in chronic cutaneous diseases. Van Mons. Ointment of Sulphuret of Sodium. B. Sulphuret of sodium, three drachms. Lard, one ounce and a half. Hub well together. As an application in itch. Sivediaur. SODII TARTRAS Tartrate op Sodium. Effervescing Solution of Tartrate of Sodium. B. Tartaric acid, twenty-four troyounces. Bicarbonate of sodium, twenty-two troyounces. Sugar, sixty-four troyounces. Water, sufficient. Mix the bicarbonate with eight pints of water, and gradually add the acid ; when dissolved add the sugar and sufficient water to make the measure twenty-one pints and five fl. ounces. Put up in twelve ounce bottles, and just before corking add thirty grains of bicarbonate of sodium, rubbed up with one drop of oil of lemon. Used as a refrigerant purgative. J. L. Smith. SODII YALERIANAS. Valerianate op Sodium. B. Fusel oil, four fl. ounces (imp.). Bichromate of potassium, nine ounces (avoir.). Sulphuric acid, six fl. ounces and a half (imp.). Solution of soda, sufficient. Distilled water, half a gallon (imp.). Dilute the sulphuric acid with ten fl. ounces of water ; and dissolve the bichromate in the remainder of the water. When both solutions are cool, place them in a matrass, add the fusel oil, shake well together, until the temperature of the mixture falls to about 90° F. Connect the matrass with a condenser, apply heat, and distil half a gallon. Satu- rate the distillate accurately with the caustic soda, remove the oil from the surface, and evaporate until watery vapor ceases to escape, and then raise the heat cautiously, so as to liquefy the salt. "When the product has cooled and solidified, break it into pieces, and immediately put it into a stop- pered bottle. Brit. Ph. The valerianate of sodium is rarely used in medicine; but it constitutes the source from which all the other valerianates are obtained by double decomposition. Dose, one to five grains. SOLIDAGO Golden Rod. Of the numerous species of this genus in- digenous to this country, one only, S. odora, lias been used in medicine. In Europe, the 8, virgaurea is used. SPIGELIA. 551 Sex-. Syst. Syngen. Nat. Syst. Asteracese. It is a stnoothish herb, with linear-lance- olate leaves, which are entire and pellucid punctate, and paniculate racemes of golden- yellow flowers. The tops and leaves are officinal ; they have an agreeable anisate odor, and are used as an aromatic stimulant and carminative, in the form of infusion, made from one ounce to a pint of hot water. Dose of the infusion, a wineglassful. SPIGELIA. PlNKROOT. This is the root of the Spigeliamarilandica, a beautiful, herbaceous, perennial plant, a native of the southern and southwestern parts of the United States. Sex. Syst. Pentand. mong. Nat. Syst. Lo- ganiacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 249. Griffith, Med. Bot. 466. The root consists of numerous small, blackish fibres, forming a dense bunch, and arising from a short rhizome. The odor is faint, and the taste sweetish, bitter, and unpleasant. It is a safe and tolerably certain anthelmintic, with slight purgative and nar- cotic properties. It is given in powder, in the dose of one to two drachms for an adult, ten to twenty grains for a child ; to be re- peated morning and evening, for a few days, and followed by an active purgative. Pinkroot with Calomel. R. Powdered pinkroot, ten grains. Calomel, four grains. Mix. To be taken two mornings in suc- cession ; and on the afternoon of the second day, followed by a purgative. For children above four years of age. Ellis. Pinkroot with avine. R. Powdered pinkroot, " senna, each, two scruples. " savine, twelve grains. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every morning, for three days, followed by a purgative. Ellis. Infusion of Pinkroot. R. Pinkroot, half a troyounce. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. Four fl. drachms to a fl. ounce to chil- dren, four to eight fl. ounces to adults, morning and evening, followed by a pur- gative. Compound Infusion of Pinkroot. (Worm Tea.) R. Pinkroot, half an ounce. Senna, two drachms. Manna, one ounce. Savine, two scruples. Fennel seed, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse. Dose, one tablespoonful for a child two years old, three times a day. Ellis. R. Pinkroot, Bruised rhubarb, Senna, Semen contra, Manna, Coriander, Boiling water, Infuse. A small teacupful three times a day. Hays. one ounce. one drachm. two drachms. one drachm. two drachms. half a drachm. one quart. Fluid Extract of Pinkroot. R. Pinkroot, in powder, No. 60, sixteen tro jounces. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Glycerin, Water, each, four fl. ounces. Moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of the mixed liquids, pack in a percolator, add the remaining mixture, and macerate for four days ; then, with diluted alcohol dis- place twenty-six fl. ounces, reserving the first ten, add to the remainder four fluid- ounces of glycerin, evaporate to six fluid- ounces, and mix with the reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Compound Fluid Extract of Pinkroot. R. Bruised pinkroot, four ounces. Senna, three ounces. Savine, one drachm. Manna, one ounce. Sugar, eight ounces. Alcohol, half a pint. Boiling water, two pints. On the pinkroot, senna, and savine, pour the boiling water, and cover till cool. Then add the alcohol, and macerate for twenty- four hours ; transfer to a displacement apparatus, and, having displaced, evaporate the product, at a low heat, to twelve fluid- ounces, in which dissolve the manna and sugar, and evaporate to one pint. One fl. ounce contains the strength of two drachms of pinkroot and a drachm and a half of senna. Dose, for a child, a teaspoon ful. T. Estlack, 552 SPIIi^A. — SPONGrlA. Fluid Extract of Pinkroot and Senna. R. Fluid extract of spigelia, ten fl. ounces. " " senna, six fl. ounces. Oil of anise, " caraway, each, twenty minims. Mix thoroughly to dissolve the oils. U. S. Ph. Dose, one fl. drachm to a child three years old. ounces of the nitric acid, and distil from a glass retort containing the copper at a tem- perature between 170° and 180°. When twelve fl. ounces have passed over, allow to cool, add the remaining nitric acid and distil as before, to make the entire distillate measure fifteen fl. ounces. Add to this forty fl. ounces of alcohol, or sufficient to make the specific gravity of the mixture 0.845. Brit. Ph. Spirit of nitrous ether of U. S. Ph. is made by the same process, and is of one- half this strength. R. Alcohol, twelve parts. Nitric acid, ten parts. Distil ten parts, neutralize distillate with magnesia, and rectify. Ph. Germ. SPIK^EA. Hard hack. The U. S. Ph. indicates the root of Spircza tomentosd as officinal ; but this por- tion is less active than the leaves and flowers. It is a beautiful shrub, with spikes of rose-colored flowers, and leaves of a dark green color above and white beneath. Sex. Syst. Icosand. pentagyn. Nat. Syst. Linn. Sp. PI. 701. Griffith, Med. Bot. 280. The leaves and flowers are usually sold in packages ; they have an odor not unlike that of black tea, and a bitter, very astrin- gent taste. The Hardback is a tonic and astringent of considerable powers, and has the advantage of seldom being offensive to the stomach. Decoction of Hardhack. R. Hardhack, one ounce. Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to one pint. Dose, from one to two fl. ounces. Wood. Extract of Hardhack. R. Hardhack, at will. "Water, sufficient. Exhaust by the process of displacement, and evaporate the product by means of a water-oath to proper consistence. Dose, five grains to a scruple. Griffith. SPIRITUS JITHERIS NITROS1. Spirit op Nitrous Ether. Sweet Spirit of Nitre. R, Nitric acid, three fl. ounces. Sulphuric acid, two fl. ounces. Fine copper wire, two ounces. Rectified spirit, sufficient. To twenty fl. ounces of the spirit add the sulphuric acid, then two and a half fl. Mixture of Sweet Spirit of Nitre. R. Sweet spirit of nitre, one fl. drachm. Hoffmann's auodyne, Aromatic ammoniated alcohol, each, two fl. drachms. Mint-water, six fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful occasionally. Brera. Mixture of Hyponitrous Ether. B. Powdered ipecacuanha, half a drachm. Boiling water, sufficient to obtain six ounces of infusion. Strain and add Spirit of nitrous ether, one fl. ounce. Extract of juniper berries, one ounce. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours, in the dropsical swellings consecu- tive to scarlatina. Radius. SPONGIA. Sponge. Sponge is the horny skeletons of small polymorphous marine animals, found at- tached to submerged rocks in the sens of most warm climates. As found in the shops, it is in the form of a light, porous mass, of a yellowish-brown color, and very elastic, and readily imbibing fluids. If is used for the purpose of cleansing the surface's of wounds and ulcers, and, in a oom pressed state, to form tents to dilate sinuses, etc. When burnt, or reduced to charcoal, it. has been given successfully in some diseases ; probably owing its efficacy to the presence of iodine. STAN3STUM. — STANNI OXIDXJM. 553 Burnt Sponge. R. Sponge, at will. Cut in pieces, separate any extraneous matters by beatiug, then burn in a closed iron vessel till it becomes black and friable, aud rub into a fine powder. U. S. Ph. Used in goitre, glandular swellings of a scrofulous nature, etc. ; in doses of one to three drachms. Powder of Burnt Sponge. R. Burnt sponge, ten grains. Powdered rhubarb, four grains. Mix. To be taken morning and evening. In scrofula. Hulse. Compound Powder of Burnt Sponge. R. Burnt sponge, six drachms. Powdered cinnamon, " ginger, each, one drachm. Sulphate of potassium, two drachms. Sugar five drachms. Mix. Greek Ph. Dose, a teaspoonful three times a day, in scrofula. R. Burnt sponge, Carbonate of magnesium, Nitre, White sugar, Rub into powder. Dose, as above. Clarus. four drachms. each, two drachms. Bolus of Burnt Sponge. R. Burnt sponge, one scruple. Sulphate of potassium, fifteen grains. Balsam of sul- phur (Lond. Ph.), ten drops. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and form two boluses. One, morning and evening, in scrofula. Cadet. Electuary of Burnt Sponge. R. Burnt sponge, half an ounce, Syrup of orange- peel, one ounce and a half. Mix. Two to four spoonfuls a day, in goitre, etc. Radius. ST ANNUM, Tin. Powder of Tin. R. Tin, at will. Melt in an iron vessel, and, while cooling, stir till reduced to powder, which is then to be sifted. U. S. Ph. 1850. As an anthelmintic, in doses of half an ounce, mixed with syrup or molasses, for several mornings, followed by an active purgative. R Electuary of Tin. Powder of tin, one ounce. Extract of wormwood, Powdered jalap, each, one drachm. Compound syrup of chicory, sufficient. Mix. To be taken in twelve doses. Foy. R Ointment of Amalgam of tin, Rose ointment, Red precipitate, Oil of peppermint, Rub well together. Said hemorrhoids. Tin. half an ounce, one ounce, two drachms, twenty drops, to be useful in Brera. STAN N I CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Tin. R. Tin, at will. Muriatic acid, sufficient. Dissolve, and crystallize. Van Mons, Used as an antispasmodic and a vermi- fuge. Dose, one-eighth to one-half of a grain. Lotion of Chloride of Tin. R. Chloride of tin, one to six grains. Distilled water, six ounces. Dissolve. In cutaneous diseases of a chronic and obstinate character. Schlessinger. STANNI OXIDUM. Oxide of Tin. R. Tin, at will. Keep it melted in an open vessel, constantly stirring, till it is reduced into a gray pow- der, and sift. Sicediaur. Has been recommended in tapeworm, in doses of rive or six grains, several times a day. 554 STANDI SULPHUEETUM. — STILLINGIA, STAXNI SULPHURETUM. SULPHURET OF TlN. R. Tin, Sulphur, three parts, one part. Heat in a crucible, as long as a flame arises ; then cool, and pulverize. As a vermifuge, in doses of ten to twenty grains. Van Mons. Compound Powder of Sulphuret of Tin. R. Sulphuret of tin, four parts. Powdered jalap, two parts. Assafetida, one part. Mix. Twelve to twenty grains three times a day, as a vermifuge. Port. Ph. Aurum Musivum. (Mosaic Gold.) R. Tin, twelve parts. Melt at a low heat in an earthen crucible ; add Mercury, six parts, to make an amalgam ; add Sulphur, seven parts. Sal ammoniac, six parts. Rub well together, introduce into a mat- rass, and heat moderately until sulphur- etted hydrogen ceases to be given off. When cold, separate and preserve the upper yellow layer of the product. Dorvault. Employed under the name of bronze powder for ornamental work. It was for- merly used as a vermifuge. STAPIIISAGRIA. Stavesacre. The seeds of Delphinium staphisagria, a beautiful annual plant, with terminal ra- cemes of blue flowers ; a native of the south of Europe. Sex. Sy8t. Polyand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Pa- nunculacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 750. Lindley, Med. Flor. 9. The seeds are Large, somewhat triangular, of a brown color, ;i slight, but unpleasant odor, ;uid an acrid, bitter, nauseous t;iste. Tbeir active principle, delphinia, is occa- sionally employed. They are principally used to destroy lice In the hair, but also for other purposes. Decoction of Stavesacre. K. Stavesacre, Water, one on nee. one pint and a half. Boil down to lotion in itch. a pint, and strain. As a Swedtaur. Vinegar of Stavesacre. R. Stavesaere, one part. Vinegar, sixteen parts. Macerate and express. As a wash to de- stroy vermin in the hair. Biral. Ointment of Stavesacre. R. Stavesacre, powdered, one part. Lard, three parts. Mix thoroughly. To destroy lice. Guibourt. Compound Ointment of Stavesacre. R. Powdered stavesacre, "1 Sulphur, I each, Vinegar, | one part. Honey, J Olive oil, two parts. Mix. To destroy lice and nits. Dorvault. STATICE. Marsh Rosemary. The root of the Statice Caroliniana is occa- sionally employed in medicine. This little plant is indigenous in the United States, growing in salt marshes near the sea coast. Sex. Syst. Pentand. pentagyn. Nat. Syst. PI umbaginaceae. Nuttall, Gen. i. 206. Griffith, Med. Bot, 525. Marsh rosemary is a powerful astringent, and is much nsed in the New England States, in the treatment of diarrhoeas, aphthous and ulcerative affections of the mouth and fauces, and in other cases requiring the use of astringents. Dose, ten to thirty grains. R Decoction of Marsh Rosemary. Root of marsh rosemary, bruised, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Boil for fifteen minutes, and strain. Dose, a wineglassful. STILLINGIA Queen's Root. The root of Stillingia sylvatica is the part used. The Queen's root, or Queen's delight, ;is It is often termed, attains a height of two or three feet. It is found in the pine bar- rens of the Middle States. STRAMONIUM. 555 Sex. Syst. Monoec. monad. Nat. Syst. Eu- phorbiaceai. Willd. Sp. PL iv. 588. In large doses (twenty to thirty grains), it is emetic and cathartic ; in doses of three to five grains, it is an alterative. Glycerin, Alcohol, Water, Fluid Extract of Stillingia. R. Stillingia, in powder, No. 60, sixteen troyounces. three fl. ounces, twelve fl. ounces, one fl. ounce. Moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of the mixed liquids, pack firmly in a perco- lator, add the remaining mixture, and ma- cerate for four days. Then, with diluted alcohol, displace twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, add to the re- mainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Decoction of Queen's Root. R. Bruised Queen's root, one ounce. Boiling water, twenty fl. ounces. Boil down to a pint, and strain. Dose, one or two fl. ounces. G. B. Wood. STRAMONIUM. Stramonium. Thorn-apple. — Jamestown Weed. Several parts of the Datvra stramonium are used in medicine, as the root, leaves, and seeds. It is an annual herbaceous plant, found in the United States, having a rank, fetid odor, and bearing large, funnel- shaped, white flowers. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Solanaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 255. Griffith, Med. Bot. 490. The leaves have a fetid, narcotic odor, and a bitter, nauseous taste ; the odor is lost on drying, but the taste remains. The seeds are small, reniform, of a brownish- black color, inodorous, of a bitter, some- what acrid taste. Stramonium is a power- ful narcotic, and is much used in a variety of affections, both internally and externally. The dose of the powdered leaves is from two to three grains, of the seeds about a grain. Pills of Stramonium Seed. R. Powdered stramonium seed, ten grains. 44 camphor, one drachm. savine, five scruples. Extract of seneka, four scruples. Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, six, three times a day. In rheumatism. Vogt. Compound Stramonium Pills. R. Extract of stramonium, one drachm. Soap, two drachms. Powdered gum Arabic, one scruple. 14 liquorice, two scruples. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Make mass, and divide into sixty pills. One, night and morning, in asthma. Halford. Extract of Stramonium Seed. R. Stramonium seed, in powder, No. 50, sixteen troyounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of the alcohol, then introduce into a percola- tor, add twelve fl. ounces of diluted alcohol, macerate for four days, and exhaust by means of diluted alcohol. Distil the filtered liquor, and evaporate the residue to a pro- per consistence. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. directs the seeds to be freed from fixed oil, previous to being exhausted by diluted alcohol. Parts Codex prepares with sixty per cent, alcohol, an extract which is to be dissolved in four times its weight of cold water, the solution filtered, and evaporated. Dose, a quarter to half a grain twice a day, gradually increasing. Extract of Stramonium Leaves. R. Stramonium leaves, recently dried, and in powder, No. 60, sixteeen troyounces. Alcohol, one pint. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Exhaust the powder, using first the alco- hol, afterwards diluted alcohol ; evaporate the first pint of tincture spontaneously to three fl. ounces, and the remainder, by means of a water-bath, to the consistence of a syrup. Mix the liquids, and evapo- rate at or below 120° to an extract. U. S. Ph. Used like the next. Inspissated Juice of Stramonium Leaves. R. Stramonium leaves, twenty parts. Bruise in a stone mortar, with a little water. Express, and heat the juice to near the boiling point ; strain, evaporate to two parts, and mix with an equal weight of alcohol. After twenty-four hours ex- 556 STRAMONIUM, press and wash the precipitate with diluted alcohol, and evaporate the filtrate to the proper consistence. Ph. Germ. Paris Codex directs to evaporate the juice to one-third, cool, strain after twelve hours, and evaporate to an extract. Dose, one grain twice a day, gradually increasing till it produces its effects. Mixture of Extract of Stramonium Seed. R. Extract of stramonium seed, twelve grains. Antimonial wine, half a fl. ounce. Dissolve. Ten drops every three hours, in an infusion of balm, as an antispasmodic. Hufeland. Anti-rheumatic Lotion. R. Stramonium seed, bruised, one ounce. Alcohol, one pint. Infuse, strain, and add Opium, in powder, one ounce. Camphorated alcohol, two fl. ounces. Mix. In frictions to the diseased part. Pierquin. Syrup of Stramonium. R. Sugar, fifteen ounces. Tincture of stramonium, two fl. ounces. Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. Mix, and form syrup without heat, and strain. B6ral. R. Stramonium seed, bruised, one ounce. Vinegar, one pound. Infuse for two days, strain, and add Sugar, two pounds. Dissolve. Wirt. Ph. Tincture of Stramonium Seed. R. Stramonium seed, in powder, No. 50, four troyounces. Diluted alcohol, siillicicut. Obtain by percolation two pints. U.S. Ph. The tincture of Brit. Ph. is of nearly the Bame Btrength ; that of Ph. Genu, is about one-third weaker in stramonium seeds, but is made with alcohol sp. gr. 0.892. Dose, from twenty to forty drops. 1 wo or three limes a day, increasing till it affects the system, Tincture of Stramonium Leaves. R. Filtered juice of stramonium leaves, Alcohol (.841), equal parts. Mix, and filter at the end of twenty-four hours. B&ral. Ethereal Tincture of Stramonium. R. Stramonium seed, one part. Sulphuric ether, four parts. Macerate for a week, and filter. Dose, two to three drops. Soubeiran. Wine of Stramonium. R. Stramonium seed, bruised, two ounces. Wine, eight fl. ounces. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. Macerate for some days, and filter. Dose, six drops to a fl. scruple. Van Mons. Ointment of Stramonium. R. Fresh stramonium leaves, one pound. Lard, three pounds. Wax, half a pound. Boil the leaves in the lard till they become crisp, then strain through linen ; after- wards add the wax, previouslv melted, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. 1840. R. Extract of stramonium, one drachm. Water, half a fl. drachm. Lard, seven drachms. Rub the extract with the water, and then with the lard. U. S. Ph. A valuable anodyne application to pain- ful hemorrhoids, and tumors. each, two ounces. Compound Ointment of Stramonium R. Bark of the root of bittersweet, Stramonium leaves, Hemlock leaves, Deadly nightshade leaves, Yellow dock root, Bruise the roots and leaves, and simmer them in spirit ; then add Lard, one pound, and simmer gently till the leaves are crisped. Express through linen, and add Venice turpentine, two ounces. STRYCHNIA 557 Stir well together. A useful application to indolent and glandular swellings. Eel. Med. Jour. Oleo -infusion of Stramonium. R. Fresh stramonium leaves, one part. Olive oil, two parts. Heat till all moisture is driven off, then express and filter. Paris Codex. each, STRYCHNIA. Strychnine. — Strychnia. R. Nux vomica, rasped, forty-eight ounces. Powdered lime, six ounces. Muriatic acid, three fl. ounces and a half. Alcohol, Diluted sulphuric acid, Solution of ammonia, V ca, ^\ , r» .« -. n { sufficient Purified animal charcoal, Water, Digest the mix vomica in two gallons of water, acidulated with one-third of the mu- riatic acid, for twenty-four hours ; boil for two hours, express, and strain through linen. Boil residue twice successively, in the same quantity of acidulated water, and proceed as before. Mix the decoctions, and evaporate to consistence of thin syrup ; add lime, previously mixed with a pint of water, and boil for ten minutes, often stirring. Pour mixture into a double linen bag, and wash well with water ; press, dry, and powder the precipitate. Treat the powder repeatedly with boiling alcohol, till it loses its bitterness ; mix the solutions, and distil off the alcohol in a water-bath. Mix the residue with water, apply heat, and drop in sufficient diluted sulphuric acid to dissolve the strychnia ; treat with animal charcoal at boiling temperature ; filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Dissolve the crystals in water, and add solution of ammonia to pre- cipitate the strychnia. Dry the strychnia on bibulous paper. U. 8. Ph. R. Powdered nux vomica, nine pounds. Water, Sulphuric acid, each, sufficient. Powdered quicklime, ten ounces. Alcohol, fifteen pints. Mix the nux vomica with sufficipnt water to form a thin paste, and keep ;u the tem- perature of 70 or 80°, until gas ceases to form ; express, and boil the residue in sev- eral successive portions of water, and ex- i press. Set liquid aside to deposit; decant, and evaporate to three gallons. Add nine ounces of quicklime, and after six hours' contact, express strongly ; heat the liquid to the boiling point, and add a slight excess of sulphuric acid ; separate the liquid by decantation, and evaporate to four pints ; add one ounce of quicklime, and act as be- fore, adding this precipitate to the former ; dry, and powder ; digest in five pints of alcohol diluted with five pints of water, at a gentle heat ; separate precipitate, and boil in five pints of alcohol twice ; mix, and filter solutions ; distil off four-fifths, and set aside to crystallize. Molyn. Very active and dangerous. Dose, one- sixteenth to one-tenth of a grain, at first, carefully watching the effects, and slowly increasing. Compound Powder of Strychnia. R. Stiychnia, one grain. Black oxide of iron, ) , o ' ! each, one Gum Arabic, ) Kub well together, and divide into twelve powders. Brera. Pills of Strychnia. R. Stiychnia, two grains. Conserve of roses, thirty-six grains. Mix, and make twenty-four pills. One or two, morning and evening, in paralysis. Magendie. R. Stiychnia, two grains. Extract of valerian, sufficient. Mix well, and make thirty-two pills. One, early in the morning, for five days ; then one, morning and evening, in amaurosis. Furnari. Stimulant Pills. R. Strychnia, one grain. Acetic acid, one minim. Crumb of bread, one scruple. Mix thoroughly, and make ten pills. One to be taken every six hours, in the paral- ysis arising from lead. A. T. Thomson. Tincture of Strychnia. R. Strychnia, three grains. Alcohol (.842), one fl. ounce. Dissolve. Dose, from six to twenty-four drops, twice a day. Magendie. Mixture of Strychnia. R. Stiychnia, Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 558 STRYCHNINE ACETAS.- STRYCHNINE IODAS. White sugar, two drachms. Acetic acid, three drops. Mix. One fl. drachm contains one-sixteenth of a grain of strychnia. Beasley. Elixir of Pyrophosphate of Iron, Quinia, and Strychnia. R. Sulphate of quinia, sixty grains. Strychnia, one grain. Citric acid, five grains. Triturate together, and add Stronger alcohol, three fl. ounces. Spirit of orange, eight minims. Syrup (heated to 150°), six fl. ounces. Stir until quite clear, and add solution of Pyrophosphate of iron, four drachms. Water, seven fl. ounces. Finally neutralize carefully with water of ammonia. A tablespoonful contains ^ grain of strychnia. C. L. Diehl. Elixir of Iron, Pepsin, Bismuth, and Strychnia. R. Ammonio-citrate of iron, " " bismuth, Pepsin (Scheffer's formula), each, two hundred and fifty-six grains. Strychnia, two grains. Oil of anise, ) , ii' ' eacn. " cinnamon, y ' -. « fennel, \ two drops. Tinct. fresh orange-peel, one fl. ounce. Rose water, Water, each, six fl. ounces. Sugar, four and a half troyounces. Dissolve and mix. Maryland Coll. Ph. A teaspoon i'ul contains ^ grain of strych- nia. Elixir of Iron and Strychnia. R. Ammonio-citrate of iron, one hundred and twenty-eight grs. Strychnia, one grain. Citric acid, five grains. Distilled water, half a fl. ounce. Simple elixir, fifteen and a half fl. ounces. Dissolve and mix. Maryland Coll. Ph. A tablespoonful contains 3 ' z grain of strychnia. Ointment of Strychnia. R. Strychnia, sixteen grains. Lard, one ounce. Rub well together. As a friction on para- lyzed parts. Sandras. Strychnia Collyrium. R. Strychnia, two grains. Diluted acetic acid, one drachm. Distilled water, one ounce. Mix. A few drops of this applied to the eye, several times a day, is stated to be beneficial in amaurosis. Henderson. Liniment of Strychnia. R. Strychnia, thirty grains. Olive oil, one ounce and a half. Rub well together. Ten drops to be rubbed on the temples, in amaurosis. Neligan. STRYCHNIA ACETAS. Acetate of Strychnia. R. Strychnia, at will. Acetic acid, sufficient to dissolve ; evaporate and crystallize. Griffith. Solution of Acetate of Strychnia. R. Acetate of strychnia, three grains. Alcohol, one fl. drachm. Cinnamon water, seven fl. drachms. Dissolve. Five drops twice a day. Radius. R. Strychnia, one grain. Distilled vinegar, one fl. drachm. " water, nine fl. drachms. Mix. Dose, one fl. drachm ; containing one-tenth of a grain. A. T. Thomson. Tincture of Acetate of Strychnia. R. Acetate of strychnia, one grain and a half. Alcohol, half a fl. ounce. Dissolve. Five to twenty drops, twice a day, in syphilitic pains in the bones. Fricke. STRYCHNINE IODAS. Iodate of Strychnia. at will. R. Strychnia, Iodic acid, sufficient STRYCHNIA MITRIAS. — STYRAX. 559 to saturate; dissolve in boiling alcohol, fil- ter, and crystallize. Magendie. R. Solution of muriate of strychnia, at will. Solution of iodate of sodium, sufficient to precipitate ; treat as the last. Jourdan. Dose, one-eighth of a grain, in pill. One, morning and evening, gradually increasing. In paraplegia. Dissolve. Ten minims contain ^ grain of strychnia. Maryland Coll. Ph. STRYCHNIA MURIAS. Muriate of Strychnia. R. Strychnia, at will. Muriatic acid, sufficient to saturate ; evaporate and crystallize. Dose, one-eighth of a grain. Cottereau. Solution of Strychnia. R. Crystallized strychnia, four grs. Diluted muriatic acid, six minims. Rectified spirit, two fl. .drachms. Distilled water, six fl. drachms. Dissolve the strychnia, with the aid of heat, in the acid previously diluted with one-half the water, and add the remaining liquids. Dose, five to ten minims. Brit. Ph. STRYCHNIA NITRAS. Nitrate of Strychnia. R. Strychnia, at will. Nitric acid, sufficient to saturate, with the aid of heat ; filter, while hot, evaporate, and crystallize. Giordano. This is as active as strychnia, and is used in similar cases. Dose, one-eighth of a grain. STRYCHNINE SULPHAS, Sulphate of Strychnia. R. Strychnia, one troy ounce. Diluted sulphuric acid, sufficient. "Water, a pint. Heat gently the strychnia with the water, drop in the acid (about nine fl. drachms) until neutralized and dissolved ; filter and crystallize. U. S. Ph. Hypodermic Injection of Strychnia. R. Sulphate of strychnia, two grains. Distilled water, two drachms. Dissolve. Dose, one to five and even ten minims, in paralysis and neuralgia. Euleriburg. Syrup of Sulphate of Strychnia. R. Sulphate of strychnia, five grains. Water, four hundred grains. Syrup, forty-one troyounces. Dissolve the sulphate in the water and mix with the syrup. Each fl. ounce contains nearly one-sixth of a grain of the sulphate. Paris Codex. Ointment of Nitrate of Strychnia. R . Nitrate of strychnia, one grain and a half. Lard, two drachms. Rub well together. Used as a friction on paralyzed parts. Wendt. STRYCHNIA PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Strychnia. Solution of Phosphate of Strychnia. R. Strychnia, two grains. Dilute phosphoric acid, one fl. ounce. STYRAX. Storax Is the balsam obtained from Liquidambar orientate, a tree indigenous to the Levant. It is obtained by steaming the bruised bark, and then expressing it. It was formerly obtained from S'tyrax officinale. Sex. Syst. Moncec. Polyand. Nat. Syst. Balsamifluae. Several kinds of Storax are employed ; that in grains, in mass, in calamita, and the liquid. It has a fragrant odor, and a warm, aromatic taste. It is a stimulating expecto- rant. Dose, ten to twenty grains, twice a day. Purified Storax. R. Storax, Alcohol, each, sufficient. Dissolve, and strain ; distil off the alcohol by a gentle heat, till the storax is of pro- per consistence. TJ. S. Ph. 1850. Compound Pills of Storax. R. Purified storax, three drachms. Powdered opium, Saffron, each, one drachm. 5G0 SUCCINUM Beat together. Five grains contain one of opium. Lond. Ph. Syrup of Storax. R. Purified storax, three ounces. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. Water, one pint. Digest for twelve hours on a water-bath, and add Sugar, two pounds. Orange-flower water, one fl. ounce. Mix. Giordano. Ointment of Storax. R. Liquid storax, ) Yellow wax, V each, ten parts. Elemi, ) Resin, eighteen parts. Olive oil, fifteen parts. Fuse the wax, elemi, and resin at a mode- rate heat, remove from the fire, stir in the storax, and afterwards the oil, strain and agitate until it becomes cool. Paris Codex. Used as a stimulant for indolent ulcers. Ointment of Storax and Turpentine. R. Turpentine ointment, Purified liquid storax, equal parts. Mix. Digestif animi of the French. Paris Codex. SUC CI NUM. Amber. This is a solid body, of various shades of yellow ; it is translucent or opaque, and of a vitreous fracture; brittle, tasteless, inodor- ous, except when heated ; then exhaling a peculiar, penetrating, but rather agreeable smell. It is a resin found in a fossil state, in various parts of the world. Not much used in medicine, but extensively employed in the arts. Fumigating Powder. R. Am her, "} Mas tich, >■ each , four parts. Juniper berries, ) Cascarilla, one part. Powder, and mix. Scherf. Oil of Amber. U. Powdered amber, at will. Mix, with an equal weight of sand, in a retort, which is to bo only half filled. Then distil on a sand-bath, gradually in- creasing the heat. Separate the oil from product, and keep in well-closed bottles. U. S. Ph. Rectified Oil of Amber. R. Oil of amber, one pint. Water, six pints. Mix in a glass retort ; distil till four pints of water, with the oil, have passed over ; then separate the oil, and keep it in well- stopped bottles. U. S. Ph. Stimulant and antispasmodic ; in doses of five to fifteen drops ; also used externally. Artificial Musk. R. Oil of amber, one part. Add gradually Nitric acid, two parts. Let react for twenty-four hours, and wash in cold water. Van Mons. R. Strong nitric acid, three drachms and a half. Add very gradually to Rectified oil of amber, one drachm, in a large glass vessel. When action has ceased, permit to rest for twenty-four hours ; then remove the upper or resinous portion, and wash it well in cold and then in hot water, till all acid is removed. Williams. Used in those cases in which musk is ap- plicable. Tincture of Artificial Musk. R. Artificial musk, one part. Alcohol, eight parts. Dissolve with a gentle heat. Forty drops as an antispasmodic. Useful in doses of five or six drops, in hooping- cough in children. Van Mons. R. Artificial musk, two drachms. Alcohol, eight ounces. Dissolve, and filter. Dose, from twenty- five drops to a drachm, according to age. Williams. Emulsion of Artificial Musk. R. Artificial musk, twelve grains. Blanched almonds, four. Triturate well together, and gradually add Water, six fl. ounces. Dose, for a child of two years, two tea- spoonfuls. Valuable in hooping-cough. Huf eland. SULPHUR Liniment of Oil of Amber. R. Oil of amber, two fl. drachms. " olives, half fl. ounce. Laudanum, two fl. drachms. Brandy, three fl. ounces. Mix. To be rubbed between the shoulders, in hooping-cough and infantile convulsions. Parrish. R. Oil of amber, " cloves, each, half an ounce. " olives, one ounce. Mix. Beasley. R. Oil of amber, one drachm. Expressed oil of nutmeg, two drachms. Mix. As a friction in hysteria and head- ache. Tincture of Amber. R. Powdered amber, one ounce. Alcohol, fifteen ounces. Digest for six days, and filter. Paris Codex 1837. Dose, forty to sixty drops. Ethereal Tincture of Amber. R. Oil of amber, one part. Sulphuric ether, fifteen parts. Mix. Dose, fifteen to thirty drops. B6ral. Alkaline Tincture of Amber. R. Powdered amber, two ounces. Solution of carbonate of potassium, half an ounce. Diluted alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Digest for some days, and filter. Dose, twenty to forty drops. Spielmann. each, one drachm. Oil of Amber and Copaiba. R. Balsam copaiba, Oil of turpentine. " amber, Mix. Dose, thirty to sixty drops, thrice daily, to be followed by half a wineglassful of claret. In leucorrhcea. Known in Austria as French balsamic elixir. Balsam of Amber. R. Tincture of amber, two fl. ounces. " myrrh, one fl. ounce. Oil of turpentine, half fl. ounce. Mix. As an antispasmodic friction. Radius. 36 R. Powdered amber, Oil of turpentine, Digest at a gentle heat. 5(31 one ounce. two ounces. Bate. Eau de Luce. R. Oil of amber, two drachms. White soap, Balsam of Mecca, each, fifteen grains. Rectified spirit, six ounces. Macerate for eight days, and filter. To one fl. drachm of this, add two fl. ounces of water of ammonia. Used in the treat- ment of snake-bites, as an antispasmodic, etc. Redwood. R Mixture of Oil of Amber. Rectified oil of amber, eighty drops. Gum Arabic, Sugar, each, half an ounce. Tincture of tolu, two fl. drachms. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every two or three hours, in spasmodic cough. Ellis. SULPHUR, Sulphur. Three officinal forms of sulphur are ad- mitted in the pharmacopoeia, viz., Sublimed Sulphur, Washed Sulphur, and Precipitated Sulphur. Sublimed Sulphur. R. Sulphur, at will. Heat at a temperature of 500° to 600° F., in an earthen vessel, and condense the fumes in a large receiver. Washed Sulphur. R. Sublimed sulphur, twelve parts. Distilled water, eight parts. Water of ammonia, one part. Mix together, macerate for three days, transfer to a strainer, wash well with water, and dry. Ph. Germ. Other pharmacopoeias wash with water only as long as any acid reaction may be observed. Precipitated Sulphur. R. Sublimed sulphur, twelve troyounces. Lime, eighteen tro3 T ounces. Water, two gallons. Muriatic acid, sufficient. 562 SULPHUR. Slake the lime with a little water, mix i( with the sulphur, add the rest of the water, boil for two hours, occasionally adding water, and filter. Dilute the liquid with an equal bulk of water, and add sufficient muriatic acid to precipitate the sulphur. Wash the precipitate till the washings are tasteless, and dry it. U. S. Ph. Dose, one drachm. Powder of Sulphur and Camphor. R. Washed sulphur, Sugar, each, half a drachm. Camphor, six grains. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every hour, in mercurial cachexy. Radius. Powder of Sulphur and Liquorice. R. Sulphur, one drachm. Powdered fennel seed, two drachms. " liquorice, four drachms. Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in ca- tarrh. Phoebus. Powder of Sulphur and Orris Root. R. Washed sulphur, eight to eighteen grains. Sugar of milk, one scruple. Powdered orris root, one to three drachms. Mix, and divide into eight powders. One, every two hours, in milk, in the catarrh of children. Kopp. Compound Powder of Sulphur. R. Sulphur, one ounce. Powdered fennel, one drachm. " gum Arabic, u sugar, each, two ounces. Mix. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, in dysentery. Van Mons. R. Sulphur, two drachms. Cream of tartar, six drachms. Powdered fennel, one drachm. " sugar, half an ounce. Mix. A spoonful two or three times a day, as a laxative, in constipation. Radius. R. Sublimed sulphur, one drachm and a half. Brown sugar, Cream of tartar, each, twodrachms. Mix, and make a powder. To be taken twice a day, in itch, impetigo, or acne. A inslie. Powder of Sulphur and Cream of Tartar. R. Sublimed sulphur, half an ounce. Cream of tartar, one ounce. Mix with molasses. A teaspoonful four or five times a day, to children, in cutaneous affections. Ellis. Powder of Sulphur and Magnesia. R. Precipitated sulphur, Magnesia, each, half an ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful four or five times a day, as an aperient. Ellis. Powder of Sulphur and Antimony. R. Washed sulphur, two drachms. Golden sulphuret of antimony, Camphor, each, eight grains. Sugar, two scruples. Mix, and make a powder. Huf eland. As a diaphoretic. Sulphur Electuary. R. Sublimed sulphur, four ounces. Cream of tartar, one ounce. Syrup of orange-peel, four fl. ounces. Rub well together. Dose, two drachms as a laxative. Brit. Ph. R. Precipitated sulphur, one drachm and a half. Orange marmalade, half an ounce. Pulp of tamarinds, two ounces. Sugar, one ounce. Mix. A tablespoonful three times a day, in hemorrhoids. Radius. R. Sulphur, Burnt sponge, each, two drachms. Prepared oyster-shell, one drachm. Conserve of roses, two ounces and a half. Mix. A teaspoonful three or four times a day, as an alterative, in scrofulous affec- tions. Vogt. Compound Electuary of Sulphur. R. Washed sulphur, one ounce and a half. Confection of senna, two ounces. Nitre. one drachm. Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. Mix. One or two drachms once or twice a day, in hemorrhoidal affections. Ellis. SULPHUR, 563 R. Sublimed sulphur, half an ounce. Cream of tartar, one drachm and a half. Confection of senna, one ounce. Simple syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make electuary. A teaspoonful at bedtime, for hemorrhoids. Ainslie. R. Sublimed sulphur, two ounces. Cream of tartar, one ounce. Powdered guaiacum, one drachm. " rhubarb, Spirit of nutmeg, each, Honey, Mix, and make electuary, land as The Chelsea Pensioner, and em ployed for the various forms of chronic rheumatism, in doses of one or two drachms, morning and evening. two drachms. sufficient. Known in Eng- Linctus with Sulphur. R. Washed sulphur, half a drachm. Benzoic acid, fifteen grains. Syrup of violets, one ounce and a half. Oxymel, one ounce. Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally, as an expectorant. Bories. Electuary of Sulphur. R. Washed sulphur, half an ounce. Confection of senna, one ounce and a half. Syrup, sufficient. Mix. A teaspoonful morning and evening, in hemorrhoids. Lewis's Disp. R Sulphur Mixture. Precipitated sulphur, two drachms. Laudanum, twenty drops. Water, four fl. ounces. Mix. One spoonful three times a day, in mercurial disease. Radius. R. Precipitated sulph Fennel water, Cinnamon water, Syrup of opium, Mix. A spoonful every betes mellitus. R. Washed sulphur, Mucilage, Sugar, Rose water, ur, two drachms. three fl. ounces. one fl. ounce. half a fl. ounce. two hours, in dia- Augustin. one scruple. seven drachms. half an ounce. one fl. drachm. A teaspoonful every hour, in pectoral af- fections of young children. Phoebus. Water of Sulphur. R. Flowers of sulphur, one ounce. Water, two pints. Shake occasionally for some hours, and pour off the clear liquid. Amer. Journ. Ph. 1872, p. 6. Recommended by J. L. Davis as a remedy for dandruff, the head to be saturated with it in the morning. Its effects may be pro- bably due to traces of sulphurous and sul- phuric acids. Balsam of Sulphur. R. Washed sulphur, two ounces. Olive oil, eight ounces. Heat the oil, and gradually stir in the sul- phur, till it assumes the consistence of a thick balsam. Lond. Ph. 1746. Used as an external application to foul ulcers. Sulphurated Linseed Oil. R. Sublimed sulphur, one part. Linseed oil, six parts. Mix, and boil with constant stirring, into a homogeneous mass. This is the balsam of sulphur of Ph. Germ. Ethereal Balsam of Sulphur. R. Terebinthinated balsam of sulphur, Sulphuric ether, each, half a drachm. DippePs animal oil, six drachms. Mix. In flatulent colic. - Augustin. Terebinthinated Balsam of Sulphur. (Sulphurated Oil of Turpentine.) R. Sulphur, one part. Oil of turpentine, three parts. Mix, digest, and decant the clear solution. Ph. Germ. As an external application to ulcers, etc. R Ointment of Sulphur. Sublimed sulphur, one troyounce. Lard, two troyounces. Mix. This is also the formula of Ph. Germ., and with the addition of five drachms of almond oil of Paris Codex. U. S. Ph. 564, SULPHUEIS CARBUEETUM R. Sublimed sulphur, one ounce. Benzoinated lard, four ounces. Mix. Brit. Ph. As an application in itch. Compound Sulphur Ointment. R. Sulphur, one ounce. Ammoniated mercury, Benzoic acid, each, one drachm. Oil of bergamot, Sulphuric acid, each, one fl. drachm. Nitrate of potassium, two drachms. Lard, half a pound. Melt the lard, add the other ingredients, and stir till cold. _ U. S. Ph. 1850. As an application in itch, tinea capitis, crusta lactea, etc. R. Sulphur, half a pound. Powdered white helle- bore, two ounces. Nitrate of potassium, one drachm. Soft soap, half a pound. Lard, one pound and a half. Oil of bergamot, thirty minims. Mix. Lond. Ph. 1836. Used as the last, but more irritating. R. Sulphur, Oil of cade, each, Lard, Soft soap, each, Prepared chalk, Mix. In itch. three parts. eight parts. two parts. Hebra. R. Sulphur, two parts. Car Donate of potassium, one part. Lard, eight parts. Mix. In itch. Foy. R. Sulphur, two ounces. Powdered chloride of ammonium, two drachms. Oil of mint, one drachm. Lard, four ounces. Mix. In cases of inveterate itch. Dewees. R. Washed sulphur, ten drachms. Carbonate of potassium, half an ounce. Cinnabar, one ounce. Oil of bergamot, half a fl. ounce. Lard, ten ounces. Mix. In itch. Bateman. Ointment of Sulphur and Camphor. R. Washed sulphur, half a drachm. Camphor, one scruple. Rose ointment, one ounce. Oil of roses, three drops. Mix. As an application in psorophthalmia. Allen. Ointment of Sulphur and Soap. R. Sulphur, one part. Soft soap, two parts. Mix. In itch. Radius. Ointment of Sulphur and Zinc. R. Washed sulphur, Sulphate of zinc, each, one part. Lard, eight parts. Mix. In tinea capitis. Ph. Germ. R. Sulphur, Oxide of zinc, Oil of bayberries, Lard, Mix. As last. four parts. three parts. six parts. twelve parts. Van Mons. Liniment of Sulphur and Soap. R. Soap, one ounce. Water, three ounces. Dissolve with a gentle heat, and add Sulphur, one ounce. Used as a lotion in itch. Lugol. Cerate of Sulphur. R. Washed sulphur, two parts. Galien's cerate, ten parts. Oil of almonds, one part. Mix. Paris Codex. SULPHURIS CARBURETUM, VEL CARBONIS BI-SULPHIDUM. Bi-sulphide of Carbon. R. Sulphuret of iron, eleven parts. Charcoal, three parts. Mix, and introduce into a stone retort, furnished with a glass tube, dipping into water. Separate the sulphuret which col- lects at the bottom of the water in the re- cipient, and re-distil it from chloride of lime. Van Mons. R. Sulphur, at will. Pass the vapor slowly through charcoal, heated to redness, in a porcelain tube, col- SULPHURIS IODIDUM. — SUMBULUS. 565 lectthe product in a receiver, and purify by another distillation. Cottereau. This fluid is extremely volatile, and hence has been suggested as an anaesthetic agent. But thus far, experiments with it have not shown any superiority over other and safer liquids. In fact, they rather prove the re- verse. It is used internally as a sudorific in rheumatism ; dose, two or three drops. Also used externally. I Drops of Sulphuret of Carbon. R. Sulphuret of carbon, one fl. drachm. Alcohol, half a fl. ounce. Mix. Four to six drops, every two hours, in rheumatism. Wutzer. Mixture of Sulphuret of Carbon. R. Sulphuret of carbon, one scruple. Cow's milk, six fl. ouuces. Sugar, two drachms. Mix. A tablespoonful four times a day, in hypertrophy of the stomach and contrac- tion of the oesophagus. Clarus. Liniment of Sulphuret of Carbon. R. Sulphuret of carbon, half an ounce. Oil of almonds, one ounce. Mix. As an embrocation in gouty nodes. Mansfield. R. Sulphuret of carbon, one drachm. Camphorated oil, one ounce. Beasley. R. Camphor, two drachms. Dissolve in Sulphuret of carbon, half a fl. ounce ; and add Alcohol, one fl. ounce. As an embrocation in rheumatism. Lampadius. R. Sulphuret of carbon, two fl. drachms. Camphorated ammon. liniment, two fl. ounces. Mix. As an embrocation in rheumatism. Wutzer. STTLPHTJRIS IODIDUM Iodide of Sulphur. R. Iodine, Sulphur, four troy ounces, one troyounce. Hub them together, in a porcelain or glass mortar. Put the mixture into a matrass, close the orifice slightly, and apply a gentle heat, so as to darken the mass, but not melt it. When uniformly dark, increase the fire so as to melt the iodine; then incline the vessel in different directions, to return to the mass any portions that have been condensed on the surface of the vessel; lastly, allow the matrass to cool, break it, and put the iodide into well-stopped bottles. U. 8. Ph. Used mostly as an external application, in cutaneous affections. Powder of Iodide of Sulphur. R. Powdered iodide of sulphur, ten grains. Powdered gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, morning and evening, for an adult. Useful in porrigo, prurigo, impetigo, and tinea ; also in noctural incontinence of urine. Escolar. Ointment of Iodide of Sulphur. R. Iodide of sulphur, thirty grains. Lard, one troyounce. Rub the iodide with a little of the lard, then add the remainder, and mix. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. directs of lard one ounce. R. Iodide of sulphur, five parts. Lard, ninety-six parts. Mix. Foy. The strength is to be varied according to circumstances. Much used in chronic cutaneous diseases. SUMBULUS. SUMBUL. — MUSKROOT. Said to be derived from Suiribulus moscha- tus, an umbelliferous plant of Bucharia. It occurs in round pieces of various dimen- sions, has a dark brown rough bark, a po- rous interior, a strong musk-like odor, and a sweetish, then bitter and balsamic taste. It is recommended in low typhoid fevers, and various nervous disorders, in doses of ten to twenty grains. Tincture of Sumbul. R. Sumbul, in coarse powder, two ounces and a half. Proof spirit, sufficient. Obtain, by maceration and displacement, twenty fl. ounces of tincture. Dose, ten to thirty minims. Brit. Ph. 566 TABACUM Oleoresin of Sumbul. B. Powdered sumbul, a convenient quantity. Exhaust by ether ; recover portion of it by distillation, and evaporate the remainder spontaneously. Dose, one to three grains. Murawieff. Eecommended in hysteria, chronic bron- chitis, pneumonia, and other diseases. Fluid Extract of Sumbul. B. Powdered sumbul, sixteen troyounces. Exhaust with stronger alcohol by slow per- colation, reserve the first fourteen fl. ounces, evaporate the remainder to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. R Compound Elixir of Sumbul. Tincture of sumbul, Sj^rup, each, four fl. ounces. Elixir of valerianate of ammonium, eight fl. ounces. Compound tint u re of cochineal, four fl. drachms. Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful or more ; to be shaken before use. Amer. Phar. Assoc. 1873. T, TABACUM. Tobacco. Tobacco is the leaves of Nicotiana tdba- cvm, an annual, herbaceous plant, a native of the warmer parts of America, and ex- tensively cultivated in the United States and elsewhere. There are numerous va- rieties, but, in all of them, the leaves are the part that is used. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Solanacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 258. Griffith, Med. Bot. 493. Tobacco, as found in commerce, consists of the dried leaves, which are packed in bundles ; it has a narcotic, penetrating odor, and a bitterish, nauseous, acrid taste. It has the powers of a sedative narcotic, with those of an emetic and diuretic ; it also acts as an errhine and sialagogue. In large doses it acts as a poison. It is employed to produce relaxation in spasmodic affections, as a diuretic, etc. Compound Powder of Tobacco. B. Powdered tobacco, u valerian, each, two drachms. Oil of lavender, " marjoram, each, three drops. Mix. Used as a cephalic snuff. Boeli. B. Powdered tobacco, two grains. Tartar emetic, one grain. Powdered sugar, two drachms. u gum Arabic, half a drachm. Mix, and form twenty powders, two hours, in hooping-cough. One, every Petschaft. Extract of Tobacco. B. Cut tobacco, four ounces. Water, two pints. Boil, and let simmer for two or three hours, strain, and evaporate to consistence of an extract. For external use in neuralgia. Chippendale. Pills of Tobacco. B. Extract of tobacco, one drachm. Liquorice, half an ounce. Vinegar of squill, sufficient. Mix, and make one hundred and eighty pills. Dose, one to three, in dropsy. Van Mons. Wine of Tobacco. B. Tobacco, in powder, No. 50, one troyounce. Sherry wine, one pint. Macerate for seven days, express, and filter. U.S. Ph. From ten to twenty minims, as a diuretic. Tincture of Tobacco. B. Cut tobacco, one ounce. Diluted alcohol, one pint. Digest for three days, express, and filter. Dose, ten minims. Augustin. TAMARINDUS 567 Infusion of Tobacco. R. Tobacco, one drachm. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. The enema of tobacco of Brit. Ph. is two-thirds the strength of this. Used as an enema ; one-half only should be used at a time ; employed in strangu- lated hernia, obstinate colic, etc. Great caution must be used, as dangerous effects have followed its administration. Mixture of Tobacco. R. Tobacco, one drachm. Boiling water, two fl. ounces. Infuse for twenty minutes, filter, and add Alcohol, two fl. drachms. Thirty to fifty drops, twice or thrice a day, in hydrothorax and dysuria. Fowler. Lotion of Tobacco. R. Tobacco, two drachms to half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse. As a lotion in psora, but must be used with great caution. Ellis. Cataplasm of Tobacco. R. Tobacco, one ounce. Beat up with water, and form a cataplasm. To be applied to the throat in croup, and in spasm of the glottis, etc. Ellis'. R Ointment of Tobacco. Tobacco, in fine powder, half a troyounce. Lard, eight troyounces. By percolation with water obtain from the powder four fl. ounces of liquid, evaporate to a soft extract, and mix thoroughly with the lard. U. S. Ph. In irritable ulcers, tinea capitis, etc. To be used with caution. R. Powdered tobacco, Sulphur, each, Powdered white hellebore, Oleander leaves, Common salt, Rose ointment, four ounces. two ounces. one ounce. ten drachms. two pounds. Mix. As an application in psora, etc. Taddei. R. Extract of tobacco, one drachm. Simple cerate, one ounce. Mix. As a friction in neuralgia. Chippendale. Oil of Tobacco. R. Tobacco, at will. Introduce it into a retort of green glass connected with a receiver, which should be furnished with a tube, to conduct the in- condensable gases to a chimney ; heat the retort gradually to dull redness until the empyreumatic oil ceases to distil ; separate the black tarry product from the acid liquor in the receiver, and preserve it for use. U. S. Ph. Oleo-infusion of Tobacco. R. Bruised tobacco, one part. Olive oil, two parts. Digest until the moisture has evaporated, express, and filter. Paris Codex. Nicotia. — Nicotina. R. Kentucky tobacco, at will. Cut to pieces, and extract it with water ; evaporate to an extract, exhaust this with alcohol ; distil off the alcohol, treat the soft extract with an excess of potassa in water ; agitate this with ether, in separate por- tions, till the impure nicotina is removed ; unite the ethereal liquids, add an excess of pulverized oxalic acid, wash the oxalate of nicotina which precipitates with ether ; then treat it with an aqueous solution of potassa, and again agitate the liquid with ether to remove the alkaloid, which is ob- tained by distilling off the ether in the form of a light brown, syrupy liquid, and con- sists of nicotina, ether, water, and some ammonia. The last three bodies may be removed by heating the nicotina in a retort to the temperature of 284° F. in a current of hydrogen, for twelve hours ; then, by raising the heat to 356° F., the nicotina distils over pure. Schloessing. Nicotina is too strong for internal admin- istration. TAMARINDUS. Tamarinds. Tamarinds are the preserved fruit of the Tamarindvs Indica, a large tree, a native of the East Indies, and extensively cultivated in the tropical parts of America. Those brought here are principally derived from the West Iudies. 568 TANACETUM, TAPIOCA Sex. Syst. Monadelph. triand. Nat. Syst. Fabacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 48. Griffith, Med. Bot. 262. The preserved pods, as they come to us, are in a dark-colored, adhesive mass, formed of pulp, fragments of the pods, seeds, and syrup, of a sweet acidulous taste. They are cooling and laxative ; and, when mixed with water, form a grateful drink in febrile diseases. Pulp of Tamarinds. R. Tamarinds, at will. Digest in au equal quantity of water, then pass through a sieve, evaporate to the thickness of an extract, and with every six parts of it, incorporate Powdered sugar, one part. Ph. Germ. Electuary of Tamarinds. R. Pulp of tamarinds, one ounce and a half. Cream of tartar, half an ounce. Syrup of raspberries, sufficient. Mix. Two teaspoonfuls morning and eve- ning, as a laxative. Radius. Infusion of Tamarinds. B. Pulp of tamarinds, one ounce. Boiling water, two pints. Infuse for one hour, and strain. As a cool- ing drink in fevers. Cottereau. Tamarind Whey. R. Milk, Tamarinds, two pints, two ounces. Boil, and strain. As a cooling drink. Pereira. TANACETUM. Tansy. Tansy, or Tanacsetum vulgarc, is a peren- nial herbaceous plant, with numerous yel- low flowers ; a native of Europe, and gene- rally cultivated In our gardens, and has also become naturalized in some places. Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. As- tera< I Linn. Sp. PI. 1164. Griffith, Med. Bot. 406. The leaves and floweringtops are officinal ; they hare a peculiar and strong odor, dimin- ish* d by drying; and a warm, bitter, aro- taste. It is an aromatic bitter, and has been praised In lotermittents, hysteria, ;i Mic in Mil in ;i, as an anthelmintic, etc. As a vermifuge, the seeds are to be preferred. , each, equal Compound Powder of Tansy. R. Tansy, ] Wormwood, Chamomile, Levant wormseed, P ar s * Mix. Paris Codex. A coarse powder is made, if it is to be used for preparing an infusion. Infusion of Tansy. R. Fresh tansy, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse and strain. Used internally, and as an injection against ascarides. Niemann. Extract of Tansy. R. Tansy, one pound. Alcohol, one pint. Water, eight pints. Digest for three days, express, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate to proper consist- ence. Dose, six to twenty grains. Giordano. Oil of Tansy. R. Tansy, at will. Water, sufficient to cover. Distil, and separate the oil. Guibourt. Dose, one to two drops, as a vermifuge. Pills of Tansy. R. Oil of tansy, one fl. scruple. Extract of English walnut. two drachms. Powdered marsh mallow, sufficient. Mix, and make sixty pills. Three to five every two hours, as a vermifuge. Radius. Compound Tincture of Tansy. R. Tansy, one ounce. Wormwood, Rhubarb, each, three ounces. Sherry wine, two fl. ounces. Diluted alcohol, twenty fl. ounces. Digest for eight days, and filter. Dose, one to two fl. drachms, two or three times a day, as a vermifuge. Van Mons. TAPIOCA Tapioca Is a fecula obtained from the root of Janipha manihot, a shrub-like, herbaceous plant, a native of the tropical parts of TARAXACUM 569 America, where it is largely cultivated under the name of Cassava, and forms an important article of food. Sex. Syst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Eupborbiaceae. Kunth. ii. 85. Griffith, Med. Bot. 601. Tapioca is found in the shops in the form of irregular, rough, white grains, having little odor or taste, swelling up in hot water, and affording a bland and nutritious diet for the sick and convalescent. Tapioca Jelly. R. Tapioca, two tablespoonfuls. Water, one pint. Boil gently for an hour, or till it becomes gelatinous; flavor with sugar, wine, etc., according to circumstances Ellis. Tapioca Pudding. R. Yolk of eggs, two. Sugar, half an ounce. Beat together, and stir the mixture with Tapioca mucilage, one pint. Bake in a slow oven. The mucilage should be made with milk, instead of water. A. T. Thomson. TARAXACUM. Dandelion. This officinal article is the root of Tarax- acum dens-leonis, a small, herbaceous plant, with a perennial, fusiform root. It is a native of Europe, but has become natural- ized in this country. Sex. Syst. Syngen. sequal. Nat. Syst. As- Haller, i. 23. Griffith, Med. Bot. 414. The root is fusiform, of a light-brown color externally, succulent, inodorous, and of a mucilaginous, bitterish taste. It should be collected in autumn ( U. S. Ph. and Ph. Germ.), between September and February {Brit. Ph.). It is aperient, diuretic, and somewhat tonic, and thought to be resolvent in engorgements of the liver. Decoction of Dandelion. R. Bruised dandelion root, one ounce. Water, sufficient. Boil for ten minutes in sufficient water to obtain a pint (twenty fl. ounces). Brit. Ph. A wineglassful two or three times a day, as a diuretic, etc. Infusion of Dandelion. R. Bruised dandelion, two troyounces. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, a wineglassful three times a day. Compound Infusion of Dandelion. R. Infusion of dandelion, four fl. ounces. Extract of dandelion, two drachms. Carbonate of sodium, half a drachm. Tartrate of potassium, three drachms. Tincture of rhubarb, three fl. drachms. " henbane, twenty drops. Mix. One-third part three times a day, in dropsical and visceral affections. Meiqs. Fluid Extract of Dandelion. R. Dandelion, in powder, No. 50, sixteen troyounces. Glycerin, three fl. ounces. Water, five fl. ounces. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of the mixed liquids, pack in a percolator, add the remainder and macerate for four days ; then, with diluted alcohol, displace twenty- four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, add to the remainder one fl. ounce of gly- cerin, evaporate to two fl. ounces, and mix with the reserved portion. U. S. Ph. R. Dandelion root, fresh, thirty-two ounces. Slice it, and reduce to a pulp. Mix this with one-sixth its bulk of alcohol, macerate for twenty-four hours, and express strongly. Add a pint of water containing a little alcohol, and again express. Evaporate the mixed products to twelve fl. ounces, add four fl. ounces of alcohol, and filter. ' A teaspoonful is equal to half a drachm of the extract obtained from the expressed juice. W. Procter. Extract of Dandelion. R. Dandelion, gathered in September, five pounds. Slice the dandelion ; bruise it in a stone mortar, sprinkling on it a little water, until reduced to a pulp. Then express the juice, strain, and evaporate in a shallow dish over a water-bath, constantly stirring, to the proper consistence. U. S. Ph, 570 TAEAXACUM. Brit. Ph. heats the juice to 212° for ten minutes, strains, and evaporates at or below 160°. Paris Codex evaporates the juice to one-third, cools, strains after twelve hours, and evaporates to the proper con- sistence. Ph. Germ, directs the entire plant, collected while flowering, and dried, to be exhausted with hot water, and the infusion properly evaporated. Dose, a scruple to a drachm, three times a day, alone, or dissolved in cinnamon or mint water. R. Bruise the recent root, collected in September ; add one-fourth its bulk of alcohol ; allow the whole to macerate twelve hours, ex- press powerfully, acid a little diluted alcohol, and again ex- press. Evaporate the mixed liquids in a water-bath to the proper consistence. W. Procter. Prepared Juice of Dandelion. R. Fresh dandelion root, seven pounds. Alcohol, sufficient. Bruise the root, express the juice, and to every three measures of it add one measure of rectified spirit. Keep in a cool place. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Brit. Ph. The U. S. Ph. adds one measure of alco- hol to every five measures of the expressed juice. Fluid Extract of Dandelion and Senna. R. Senna, two pounds. Torrefied dandelion root, one pound. German chamomile, quarter of a pound. Sugar, twenty ounces. Carbonate of potassium, or carbonate of sodium, one ounce. Oil of wintergreen, half a drachm. Alcohol, two ounces. Water, half a gallon. Powder the dry plants, and mix them with the water, holding the alkaline carbonate in .solution. Let, the mixture stand for twelve hours, then introduce into ;i perco- lator, and add water until a gallon of" liquid shall have, passed. Evaporate] on ;i water- bath to twenty ounces, add the sugar, filter, uikI when cola add the alcohol, holding the oil of wintergreen in solution. Dose, a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. E. Dwpuy. Pills of Extract of Dandelion. R. Extract of dandelion, half a drachm. Powdered liquorice, sufficient. Mix, and make eight pills. One, three times a day. In dropsy, and diseases of the urinary apparatus. Ellis. R. Extract of dandelion, Soap, each, one ounce. Liquid acetate of potassium, sufficient. Mix, and make pills of four grains. Four to six in a day, as diuretic, etc. St. Marie. Fills of Dandelion and Blue Mass. R. Extract of dandelion, half a drachm. Blue pill, five to ten grains. Powdered uva ursi, sufficient. Mix, and make ten pills. One, thrice a day, in dropsy connected with liver disease. Ellis. Mixture of Dandelion. R. Extract of dandelion, two ounces. Peppermint water, six fl. ounces. Clarified honey, one ounce. Mix. Two spoonfuls every three hours. Richter. R. Extract of dandelion, two scruples. Bicarbonate of sodium, twenty-four grains. Tincture of rhubarb, one fl. drachm. Infusion of Colombo, eleven fl. drachms. Caraway water, four fl. drachms. Mix. Dose, a dessertspoonful twice daily, in infantile dyspepsia. West. R. Extract of dandelion, half a drachm. Decoction of dandelion, nine fl. drachms. Spirit of nitrous ether, one fl. drachm. Syrup of ginger, two fl. drachms. Mix. To be taken three times a day, as a diuretic, in anasarca and ascites. Sprague. R. Cream of tartar, two drachms. Bruised cloves, two scruples. Sugar, one ounce. Decoction of dandelion, one pound. TEKEB INTUIT A. 571 Macerate for two hours, and strain. One- fourth to be given every six hours, in dropsy. Sprague. Clyster of Dandelion. R. Dandelion root, bruised, three ounces. Bran, one ounce. Water, sixteen fl. ounces. Boil down to eight fl. ounces ; add, at close, Chamomile, Valerian, each, two drachms. Strain ; for two injections. Much praised in obstructions of the bowels. Berends. TEREBINTHINA. Turpentine. Turpentine is the oleoresin of various spe- cies of the Pine tribe, and is also procured from trees of other orders. That used in the United States is obtained from several species of Pinus and Abies, but chiefly from the P. palustris. Sex. Syst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Pinaceae. Willden. Sp. PI. iv. 499. Griffith, Med Bot. 604. The officinal turpentine consists, essen- tially, of a volatile oil and a resin. All the turpentines are possessed of much the same properties ; they have an aromatic odor, and i somewhat pungent and bitterish taste. They are stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic and, in large doses, purgative. They are also used externally as rubefacients. Turpentine Pills. R. Turpentine, one drachm. Divide into fifteen pills. One, four or five imes a day, in affections of the urinary lagans. mi8m Pills of Turpentine and Guaiacum. R. Powdered guaiacum, one drachm. Venice turpentine, sufficient. "Mix, and make fifteen pills. One, thrice a lay ; in gleet and leucorrhcea. They some- times cause strangury. Ellis. Pills of Turpentine and Magnesia. . Turpentine, ten drachms. Calcined magnesia, seven drachms and a half. Mix, and make into two hundred pills. In liseases of the urinary organs. Paris Codex. Pills of Turpentine and Rhubarb. R. Turpentine, two ounces. Extract of rhubarb, three drachms. Camphor, two drachms. Mix, and make pills of four grains. Dose, three, thrice a day, in leucorrhcea and gonorrhoea. St. Marie. R Pills of Turpentine and Myrrh. Turpentine, Spermaceti, each, half an ounce. Powdered myrrh, two drachms. olibanum, sufficient. Mix, and make pills of three grains. One every three hours, in chronic catarrh. Cadet. Pills of Turpentine and Jalap. R. Turpentine, one drachm. Soap of jalap, half a drachm, Extract of henbane, four grains. Calomel, eight grains. Make pills of three grains. Dose, four every three hours, for two days. As an anthelmintic. Augustin. Electuary of Turpentine. R. Turpentine, ^ Soap, C eac \ Powdered rhubarb, ) one draclim - Syrup, sufficient. Mix. Three teaspoonfuls a day, in dropsy. Radius. Turpentine Clyster. R. Yenice turpentine, half a fl. ounce. Yolk of egg, one. Infusion of flaxseed, ten fl. ounces. Rapeseed oil, one fl. ounce. Mix. In colic and obstinate constipation. Ph. Noscom. Ed. Liniment of Turpentine. R. Yellow wax, one part. Melt, and add Turpentine, Oil of turpentine, each, one part. Mix. Much praised in chronic ulcers on the legs. Van Mons. R. Yellow wax, half a pound. Olive oil, one pound. Red saunders, two ounces. Turpentine, one pound. Melt together, strain, and add 572 TILIA EUROPJEA Camphor, two drachms. As an application to contusions and ulcera- tions. Van Mons. R. Oil of turpentine, Olive oil, each, one ounce and a half. Diluted sulphuric acid, three drachms. Mix. As an embrocation in rheumatism. Chapman. Ointment of Turpentine. R. Turpentine, } Yellow wax, V equal parts. Oil of turpentine, ) Melt, mix, and stir until cool. Ph. Germ. Compound Ointment of Turpentine. R. Turpentine, four drachms. Yolk of egg, two drachms. Olive oil, one drachm. Beat together into a uniform mass. Parts Codex. This is the digestif simple of the French ; the formula of Ph. Germ, directs for the above quantities, in addition, eight grains each of powdered myrrh and aloes. R. Mucilage, one pound. Fresh butter, two pounds. Olive oil, three pounds and a half. Melt together, and add Turpentine, three ounces. Mix well. As an application in engorge- ment of the breasts, in nephritic pains, etc. Swediaur. It, Turpentine Plaster. Turpentine, one ounce. White of egg, AVheat flour, Sugar, I each, Honey, Brandy, Olive oil, Mix Hie turpentine and honey, gradually adding the other ingredients, and nib well. As an application to painful ulcers. St. Marie. Compound Turpentine Plaster. R. Turpentine, eight parts. Suet, twenty-four parts. Yellow wax, thirty-two parts. Essence of mint, M cloves, each, one part. Oil of mace, six parts. Powdered benzoin, eight parts. " olibanum, sixteen parts. Mix, with the assistance of heat. Useful in diarrhoea, dyspepsia, flatulence, and colic. Ph. Suea. Terebinthinate Syrup. R. White turpentine, one troy ounce. Tincture of tolu, half a fl. ounce. Carbonate of magnesium, four drachms. Triturate well together, add gradually six fl. ounces of water, filter, and add Glycerin, two fl. ounces. Gum Arabic, two troyounces. Sugar, twenty troyounces. Dissolve, and add water to make twenty- four fl. ounces. Maryland Coll. Ph. Turpentine Mixture. R. Turpentine, two drachms. Yolk of egg, one. Rub together, and add Extract of rhubarb, Sal prunelle, each, ' one drachm. Then add gradually Infusion of liquorice, ten fl. ozs. Syrup of marsh mallow, one fl. ounce. Mix. A tablespoon ful every hour, in gon- orrhoea. Bories. R. Turpentine, one ounce. Mint water, four fl. ounces. Gum Arabic, sufficient. Simple syrup, one ounce. Extract of belladonna, one grain. Mix, and make emulsion. Used in gonor- rhoea after the reduction of the inflamma- tory stage ; when it acts too powerfully on the bowels, it must be intermitted for a few days. Ebriart. TESTA PR^EPARATA. Prepared Oyster-Shell. {Seepage 183.) TILIA EUROPE A. Linden. The linden is a handsome tree, a nativel of the north of Europe, and much culti- vated in the United States for ornament and | shade. TOEMEBTTILLA. TOXIC ODEKDKON, 573 Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. TiliacetB. Linn. Sp. PI. 733. Lindley, Flor. Med. 117. The part used is the flowers, which, when dried, have a faint but agreeable odor, and a sweetish, mucilaginous taste. They are antispasmodic and diaphoretic, and are much used in Europe. It is probable that the flowers of our native species have the same properties. "Water of Linden Flowers. R. Linden flowers, one part. Distil with sufficient Water, ten parts. On adding to this product one-fiftieth of its weight of alcohol, and distilling after- wards one part, the concentrated linden- flower water is obtained, which keeps better. Ph. Germ. Infusion of Linden Flowers. R. Linden flowers, two drachms. Boiling water, two pints. Infuse for half an hour, and strain. A mild antispasmodic. Paris Codex. Compound Infusion of Linden Flowers. R each, two drachms. Linden flowers, Chamomile flowers, Orange leaves, Boiling water, two pints. Infuse for half an hour, strain, and add Syrup, two fl. ounces. A small cupful, occasionally, as an antispas- modic. Foy. TOR, MEN TIL LA. TORMENTIL. The root of Potentilla tormentilla, a small, perennial plant, with a large, woody, dark- brown root, a native of many parts of Europe, growing in barren spots. Sex. Syst. Icosand. polygyn. Nat. Syst. Rosacea^. Sibthorp, Fl. Ox. 162. Griflith, Med. Bot. 278. The root, when dried, is in irregular pieces, which are knotty, tuberculated, and of a dark, reddish-brown color. Its odor is slightly aromatic, and its taste very astrin- gent. It is a simple and somewhat active astringent. Dose, thirty grains to a drachm. Compound Powder of Tormentil. R. Powdered tormentil, " gum Arabic, each, three ounces. Armenian bole, six ounces. Powdered cinnamon, four ounces. " long pepper, half an ounce. Mix. Geneva Ph. Extract of Tormentil. R. Tormentil, one part. Water, eight parts. Boil, and strain ; repeat with same quan- tity of water, mix the two decoctions, strain, and evaporate to the proper consistence. Dose, from twenty to thirty grains. Amst. Ph. Decoction of Tormentil. R. Tormentil, bruised, two ounces. Distilled water, one pint and a half. Boil down to a pint, and strain. Lond. Ph. 1836. Dose, one to two fl. ounces, three or four times a day. Gargle of Tormentil. R. Tormentil, one ounce. Water, twelve fl. ounces. Boil down one-third, strain, and add Alum, Honey, Mix. one drachm, one ounce. Radius. TOXICODENDRON. Poison Oak. The leaves of Rhus toxicodendron, a shrubby plant, a native of the United States, are the parts used. This plant sometimes becomes a vine, whence it has received the name of Rhus radicans, or Poison vine. Both varieties grow in woods, along fence rows, etc., and are extremely poisonous to some persons, whilst other individuals are not affected by them ; the acrid poisonous principle producing these effects is a vola- tile acid, named toxicodendric acid. Sex. Syst. Pentand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Anacardiacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 381. Griffith, Med. Bot. 184. The leaves are inodorous, and of a dis- agreeable, acrid taste. They are narcotic and stimulant, acting like the acro-narcotic poisons in large doses. They have been used with success in obstinate cutaneous affections, chronic rheumatism, etc. The dose is half a grain, gradually increased. Extract of Poison Oak. R. Leaves of poison oak, one part. Alcohol, * four parts. 574 TEAGACANTHA. — TJLIOSTEUM Infuse, strain, distil off the spirit, and evap- orate to proper consistence. Paris Codex. Dose, one grain, gradually increased till some effect is induced. Fills of Poison Oak. B. Extract of poison oak, Camphor, each, fifteen grains. Extract of arnica, " valerian, each, thirty grains. Powdered calamus, sufficient. Beat into mass, and make thirty pills. One, three times a day, in hemiplegia. Brera. Tincture of Poison Oak. R. Fresh leaves of poison oak, five parts. Alcohol, six parts. Bruise the leaves in a stone mortar, ma- cerate with the spirit for eight days, express, and filter. Dose, five to fifteen grains. Ph. Germ. TRAGACANTHA. Tragacanth. A gummy exudation from Astragalus verus, and other species of Astragalus. All of them are small shnibs, with thorny petioles, found in the countries bordering on the Levant, in Persia, etc. Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. ISyst. Fabaceas. Lindley, Flor. Med. 247. Griffith, Med. Bot. 239. Tragacanth is in contorted, vermicular pieces, rounded or flattened, of a whitish or whitish-yellow color ; semi-translucent and corneous ; tough, except when quite dry. It is inodorous, and of a bland, mu- cilaginous taste. It swells up and forms a paste or mixture with water, but does not dissolve. It is demulcent and nutritive. one )unce. Compound Tragacanth Powder. R. Powdered tragacanth, ^ , u gum Arabic, > " starch, ) Sugar, powdered, three ounces. Mix well. Brit. Ph. Demulcent. Dose, from thirty grains to .1 drachm. Mucilage of Tragacanth. R. Tragacanth, one troyounce. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for twenty-four hours, occasion- ally stirring, triturate till uniform, and strain forcibly through linen. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. directs sixty grains of traga- canth to ten ounces of distilled water; Paris Codex, one part of the gum to nine parts of cold water. Principally used as a basis for more ac- tive medicines. . Paste of Tragacanth. R. Tragacanth, thirty-two parts. Macerate in Water, one thousand parts. Also, dissolve Isinglass, forty-eight parts, in Water, eight hundred parts. Strain through a linen cloth, and mix with the macerated gum ; then add Syrup, one thousand parts. Evaporate by a gentle fire to the con- sistence of a soft paste, and gradually add Orange-flower water, sixty-four parts. Evaporate to proper consistence on a water- bath. As an expectorant. Foy. R. White tragacanth, sixty-four parts. Isinglass, ninety-six parts. Water, three thousand parts. Simple syrup, tw r o thousand parts. Orange-flower water, one hundred and twenty-eight parts. Bruise the tragacanth, place it in a vessel for two days with five-sixths of the water, dissolve the isinglass in the rest of the water, and strain both solutions ; heat the syrup to boiling, and mix the whole, and continue heat till the mixture is of the con- sistence of soft paste, stirring well. Ke- move from fire, add orange-flower water, and evaporate on water-bath till sufficiently firm ; pour on marble slab, and divide into lozenges. Mouchon. TRIOSTEUM Fever-Root. The root of T. perfoliatum is placed on the secondary list of the TJ. S. Pharmacopoeia. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Caprifollacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 395. Griffith, Med. Bot. 352. Fever-root or fever-wort is found in most parts of the United States. The root is of a yellowish or brownish color externally, and TRITICUM REPELS. — ULMUS CAMPESTRIS. 575 it lias a nauseous odor and a bitter taste. It is a mild cathartic, in doses of ten to fif- teen grains. Extract of Fever-Root. R. Powdered fever-root, one pound. Diluted alcohol, four pints. Moisten the powder with half a pint of the diluted alcohol, macerate for twenty-four hours, transfer to a percolator, and add gradually the remainder of the alcohol. Add water until the tincture passes taste- less. Then distil off the alcohol, and evap- orate to the consistence of an extract. Thomas. Dose, five to eight grains. TRITICUM REPENS. Couchgrass. — Dog's Grass. This plant is found in Europe and in this country. The rhizome, which is the officinal part, is long, of the thickness' of straw, and has a sweet taste. It is collected in the spring. Sex. Syst. Triand. Digyn. Nat. Syst. Graminacese. It is employed as a diuretic and mild aperient. Dose in decoction, one to two drachms. Extract of Couchgrass. R. Couchgrass root, one part. Digest with six parts of hot water, strain, and evaporate to a syrup. Dissolve this in four times its weight of cold water, filter, and evaporate to a soft extract. Dose, half an ounce or more daily. Ph. Germ. Liquid Extract of Couchgrass. R. Extract of couchgrass, three parts. Distilled water, one part. Dissolve. Pruss. Ph. 1846. TUSSILAGO. Coltsfoot. Coltsfoot is a small, perennial plant, with large, radical, cordate leaves, and flowers on simple, leafless scapes. It is the Tus- silago farfara, and is a native both of Europe and North America. Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. As- ■fp-po ppcp Linn.' Sp. PI. 1214. Griffith, Med. Bot. 393. The whole herb is used, but the leaves and flowers should be preferred. The latter have an agreeable smell; the former are inodorous, but have a rough, bitterish, mucilaginous taste. Both are demulcent, and have been much used in pectoral affec- tions. R Decoction of Coltsfoot. Flowers of coltsfoot, one ounce. Water, two pints. Boil down to a pint, and strain. Beasley. Dose, a wineglassful'. Compound Decoction of Coltsfoot. R. Flowers of coltsfoot, six ounces. Figs, two ounces. Jujubes, Water, Boil down one-third, adding Liquorice root, two ounces. Strain. As a demulcent drink. Taddei. twelve pints. R Syrup of Coltsfoot. Flowers of coltsfoot, one ounce. Boiling water, ten ounces. Macerate for six hours, express, strain, and add Sugar, nineteen ounces. Make syrup. Paris Codex. XL ULMUS CAMPESTRIS. Elm Bark. This is a large tree, a native of Europe, having strong, spreading branches, and a rough, cracked bark. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Ulmaceae. Linn. Sp, PI. 327. Lindley, Flor. Med. 307. The part used is the inner bark ; this is thin, tough, of a brownish-yellow color, ino- dorous, of a mucilaginous, slightly astringent taste. It is demulcent, and somewhat as- tringent, and also acts as an alterative. R. Decoction of Elm Bark. Elm bark, cut in small pieces, two ounces and a half. 576 TJLMUS FTJLVA. — UVA URSI Distilled water, twenty ounces. Boil for ten minutes, and strain. Brit. Ph. From four to six fl. ounces, two or three times a day, in cutaneous affections. Compound Infusion of Elm Bark. R. Elm bark, each, two drachms. one pint. Burdock root, Dock root, Bittersweet, Fumitory, Boiling water, Infuse for four hours, strain, and add Syrup of sarsaparilla, one fl. ounce. To be taken in twenty-four hours, in di- vided doses, in chronic cutaneous diseases. Cadet. Compound Decoction of Elm Bark. R. Elm bark, two and a half ounces. Liquorice root, ) each Sassafras, I ^ A hm _ Gruaiacum chips, ) Mezereon, twenty grains. Water. sufficient to obtain twenty fl. ounces. Jeffrey. ULMUS FULVA. Slippery Elm. A very lofty tree, found in the United States, especially west of the mountains, growing in dry, elevated situations. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Ul- maceae. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. iii. 89. The inner bark is the part used. This is in long, flat strips, of a tawny color on the outer surface, and reddish on the inner, of a peculiar, though feeble odor, and a muci- laginous taste. It is a good demulcent, and is much used in diseases of the mucous membranes. It is also very nutritious. Mucilage of Slippery Elm Bark. R. Slippery elin bark, sliced, one troy on nee. Boiling water, one pint, Macerate for two hours, and strain. U. S. Ph. To be used freely as a demulcent. Cataplasm of Slippery Elm Bark. R. Ground slippery elm bark, at will. Hot water, sufficient. Make a cataplasm. A soothing applica- tion to irritable ulcers, etc. UYA URSI. Uva Ursi Bearberry. TTva Ursi is the leaves of Arctostaphylos uva ursi, a small, evergreen shrub, inhabit- ing the northern parts of both continents, and the high mountains in more southern latitudes. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Eri- caceae. Sprengel, ii. 287. Griffith, Med. Bot. 425. The leaves, when dried, have a somewhat hay-like smell ; their taste is astringent and bitterish. They are astringent and tonic, with some special action on the urinary organs. They are much used in diseases of the genito-urinary organs. Dose, in pow- der, from a scruple to a drachm, three or four times a day. Compound Powder of Uva Ursi. R. Powdered uva ursi, " Peruvian bark, each, two drachms. " opium, three grains. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, twice a day, with lime water, in nephritic complaints, and as an antilithic. Ferriar. R. Powdered uva ursi, one drachm and a half. Bicarbonate of sodium, one drachm- Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, thrice a day, in diseases of the kidney and bladder. Ellis. R. Powdered uva ursi, half an ounce. " gum Arabic, two drachms. " 'jalap, one drachm. " sugar, half an ounce. Oil of orange-peel, six drops. Mix. Dose, one drachm, in nephritic colic. Quarin. Decoction of Uva Ursi. R. Uva Ursi, one tntyounce. Water, sufficient. Boil for fifteen minutes so as to obtain one pint, and strain. TJ. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. directs an infusion of uva ursi made with half an ounce of uva ursi and ten ounces of boiling water. Dose, from one to two fl. ounces, three or four times a day. Extract of Uva Ursi. R. Uva ursi, two pounds and a half. Boiling water, two gallons. Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down VALERIANA, 577 to a gallon, strain while hot, and evaporate to a proper consistence. Lond. Ph. Dose, five to thirty grains. Mixture of Uva Ursi. R. Uva ursi, one ounce and a half. Milfoil, one ounce. Water, three pints. Boil down to two pints, and add, at close, Liquorice, one ounce. Strain, and add Syrup of cinnamon, two ounces. To be taken in divided doses, in passive hemorrhages of lungs and bladder. Radius. Syrup of Uva Ursi. R. Uva ursi, eight ounces. Boiling water, two pints. Infuse the finely-bruised leaves in the water for three hours, put in a displacement filter, and add water sufficient to obtain two pints of infusion. Evaporate to one pint, and add two pounds (av.) of sugar, and make syrup. W. Procter. Fluid Extract of Uva Ursi. R. Uva ursi, in powder, No. 50, sixteen troyounces. Glycerin, three fl. ounces. Water, five fl. ounces. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Moisten the powder with half a pint of the mixed liquids, pack in a glass percolator, add the remaining mixture, and macerate for four days ; then, with diluted alcohol, displace twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, add to the remainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Dose, a teaspoonful. Y. VALERIANA. Valerian. Several species of Valerian are used in medicine, but the only one officinal is the Valeriana officinalis, a handsome, perennial, herbaceous plant, with white or rose-colored flowers, in terminal corymbs. Sex. Syst. Triand. monog. Nat. Syst. Va- lerianacea?. Linn. Sp. PI. 45. Griffith, Med. Bot. 384. The part used is the root ; this consists of many long, slender fibres, arising from a tuberculated rhizome; the color is yellowish or brownish ; the odor is strong and pecu- liar, and the taste is bitter and aromatic, It is an active antispasmodic, and is much used in nervous diseases. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm, two or three times a day. R Compound Powder of Valerian. Powdered valerian, one drachm. " orange leaves, one scruple. Chloride of ammonium, two grains. Oil of cajeput, four drops. Mix. A tablespoonful four times a day, in hot tea. In epilepsy. Niemann. 37 R. Powdered valerian, Oxide of zinc, Musk, one ounce. one scruple. ten prams. Mix. As an antispasmodic, in teaspoonful Brera. R. Powdered valerian, one scruple. Aromatic powder, ten grains. Mix. To be taken three or four times a day. In hysteria, hemicrania, chlorosis, etc. A. T. Thomson. Bolus of Valerian and Iron. R. Powdered valerian, one drachm. Carbonate of iron, ten grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix, and make bolus. One, three times a day, as antispasmodic. Ellis. Bolus of Valerian and Sulphate of Potassium. R. Powdered valerian, two drachms and a half. Sulphate of potassium, eighteen grains. Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. Mix, and make eighteen boluses. Cadet. 578 VALERIANA Compound Pills of Valerian. R. Powdered valerian, half a drachm. Castor, Oxide of zinc, each, one scruple. Mix, and make eighteen pills. Three, thrice a day. Dupuytren. Electuary of Valerian. R. Powdered valerian, " orange leaves, each, six drachms. Syrup of wormwood, sufficient. Mix. Two or three teaspoonfuls a day. Swediaur. R. Powdered valerian, two ounces. " Peruvian bark, half an ounce. Carbonate of ammonium, two drachms. Ginger syrup, sufficient. Mix. Dose, a drachm every hour or two, in periodic hemicrania. Donald Monro. Distilled Water of Valerian. R. Valerian, bruised, one part. Distil with sufficient water, until ten parts have been obtained. Ph. Germ. Infusion of Valerian. R. Valerian, bruised, half a troyounce. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. This may also be prepared by displacing the valerian in powder No. 40 with water. The infusion of Brit. Ph. represents twelve grains of valerian in each fl. ounce. Paris Codex directs one part of valerian to one hundred parts of boiling water. Dose, two fl. ounces, three or four times a day. Compound Infusion of Valerian. R. Valerian, one ounce and a half. Decoction of Peruvian bark, two pints. Make ;in infusion, strain, and add Syrup of chamomile, one fl. ounce and a half. Camphor, twenty grains. .Mix. One to two fl. ounces, three, times ;i day. Saunders. Tincture of Valerian. R. Valerian, in powder, No. 50, four troyounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by displacement two pints. U. S. Ph. Tincture of valerian of Brit. Ph. is of very nearly the same strength; that of Paris Codex is made by displacing five parts of tincture from one part of valerian with 60 per cent, alcohol ; that of Ph. Germ. corresponds with the latter. Dose, from one to four fl. drachms. Ethereal Tincture of Valerian R. Coarsely-powdered valerian, Spirit of ether, one part, five parts. Macerate for eight days, and filter. Dose, thirty to sixty drops. Ph. Germ. Ammoniated Tincture of Valerian. R. Valerian, in powder, No. 50, four troyounces. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. This may also be made by displace- ment. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. drachms, in milk, or some mucilaginous fluid. Ammoniated Tincture of Valerian and Castor. R. Ammoniated tincture of valerian, Tincture of castor, each, two fl. drachms. Camphor water, six fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful, in muscae volitantes. Ware. Compound Ammoniated Tincture of Valerian. R. Valerian, one ounce. Cloves, Mace, each, one drachm. Lemon-peel, one drachm and a half. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, twenty-four fl. ounces. Macerate for a week, express, and filter. Dose, a half to one fl. drachm. Van Mons. VALERIANA, 579 Compound Tincture of Valerian. R. Valerian, Castor, each, two ounces. Saffron. one ounce. Peppermint water, Alcohol, each, twenty fl. ounces. Macerate for a week, express, and filter. Dose, a half to one fl. drachm. Wirt. Ph. Wine of Valerian. R. Valerian, three ounces. Alcohol, 60 pr. ct., six ounces. Macerate for twenty-four hours, and add Good white wine, one hundred ounces. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. A spoonful, as may be required. Paris Codex. Syrup of Valerian. R. Bruised valerian, ten ounces. Boiling water, sixty ounces. Make an infusion with forty ounces of the water, express, and filter ; treat the residue with the remainder of the water, express and filter enough to obtain with the first portion, forty-three ounces ; to this add Distilled valerian water, ten ounces. Sugar, one hundred ounces. Dissolve in a covered vessel, by means of a water-bath. Paris Codex. Mixture of Valerian and Ammonia. R. Powdered valerian, one scruple. Carbonate of ammonium, ten grains. Cinnamon water, two fl. ounces. Mix. As a draught, every fourth hour, in nervous headache, etc. Ellis. Mixture of Valerian and Hoffmann's Anodyne. R. Valerian, six drachms. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. Make an infusion, strain, and add Cinnamon water, two fl. ounces, Hoffmann's anodyne, two fl. drachms. Syrup, one fl. ounce. Mix. A spoonful, as required. Foy. Tincture of Valerian and Hoffmann's Anodyne. R. Tincture of valerian, Hoffmann's anodyne, each, one fl. ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful, as may be required. Ellis. R. Tincture of valerian, Hoffmann's anodyne, each, half a fl. drachm. Tincture of hyoscyamus, twenty minims. Camphor water, ten fl. drachms. Mix. In hysteria. Ashwell. Oil of Valerian. R. Bruised valerian, at will. Water, sufficient. Distil, and separate the oil from the pro- duct. Dose, three to five drops. Mixture of Oil of Valerian and Ammonia. R. Oil of valerian, eight drops. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, one fl. drachm. Water, four fl. ounces. Sugar, two drachms. Mix. A tablespoonful every two or three hours. Ellis. Extract of Valerian. R. Valerian, in powder, No. 60, twelve troy ounces. Alcohol, one pint. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by displacement, using the alcohol and afterwards diluted alcohol, three pints of tincture, evaporate the first pint spon- taneously to three fl. ounces, and the re- maining two pints by means of a water- bath to a syrupy consistence ; mix the two liquids, and evaporate at or below 120° to an extract. TJ. S. Ph. Ph. Germ, directs to exhaust with di- luted alcohol, and Paris Codex with 60 pr. ct. alcohol. Fluid Extract of Valerian. R. Valerian, in powder, No. 60, sixteen troy ounces. Stronger alcohol, sufficient. Moisten the powder with five fl. ounces of the alcohol, pack firmly in a percolator, add eleven fl. ounces of stronger alcohol, and 580 Y AXILLA. — VEE ATRIA macerate for four days; then displace twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, evaporate the remainder to two fl. ounces, and mix with the reserved por- tion. Dose, thirty minims. U. S. Ph. YANILLA. Yanilla. Under this name are included the seed pods of several species of Vanilla, but that most generally known is the V. aromatica, a climbing plant, a native of Mexico and South America. Sex. Syst. Gynand. monand. Nat. Syst. Orchidaceae Swartz, Occident, iii. 1518. Flore Medi- cale, vi. 345. The part used is the pod ; this is long, slender, cylindrical, compressed, of a black- ish-brown color, formed of two valves, and filled with a brown pulp, containing a great quantity of small, blackish, shining seeds. The odor is peculiar but pleasant, the taste aromatic, hot, and pungent. It is princi- pally used in this country for flavoring pur- poses, but is esteemed by European writers as an aromatic stimulant, increasing the power of the muscular system, and exciting the sexual feelings. It has been given in hysteria, rheumatism, impotence, etc. The dose is from eight to twelve grains. Vanilla Sugar. R. Vanilla, one part. Sugar, nine parts. Triturate together until a uniform powder is obtained. Ph. Germ. Vanilla Lozenges. R. Yanilla, one ounce. Sugar, seven ounces. Gum tragacanth, half a drachm. Water, half an ounce. Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. B6ral. Tincture of Vanilla. R. Yanilla, one part. Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.892, five parts. Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Dose, forty drops. J'h. Germ. The tincture of Paris Codex is one-half this strength. Spirit of Vanilla. R. Yanilla, one part. A Icohol, Water, cadi, twelve parts. Mix, and dktil twelve parts. Soubeiran. Vanilla Arrowroot. R. Milk, fifteen ounces. Sugar, ^ Yanilla sugar, V- each, one ounce. Arrowroot, ) Mix, and boil, constantly stirring. Biral. Vanilla Milk. R. Milk, sixteen ounces. Yanilla sugar, half an ounce. Dissolve, and strain. Be'ral. Essence of Vanilla. R. Yanilla, nine ounces. Spirit of abelmoschus (ambrette), two pints. Cloves, thirty grains. Musk, seven grains. Used as a perfume, and for flavoring. Cooley. Fluid Extract of Vanilla. R. Yanilla, one ounce. Sugar, three ounces. Syrup, Water, each, half a pint. Deodorized alcohol, one fl. ounce. Cut the vanilla in thin, transverse slices, triturate it with the sugar, till reduced to a moderately-fine powder, add the syrup with two ounces of the water, put the mix- ture into a strong pint-bottle, cork, and tie it over ; place it in a vessel of water, which is then to be heated to the boiling point, and kept there for half an hour ; remove the cork,' and strain. The residue is then to be mixed with the remainder of the water and the alcohol, the mixture returned to the bottle, and heated as before, strained, and mixed with the first product. W. Procter. YERATRIA. Yeratria. R. Cevadilla, in powder, No. 50, twenty-four troyounces. Alcohol, three gallons. Sulphuric acid, ] Water of ammonia, j , Purified animal char- }> coal, Magnesia, Digest the cevadilla in a gallon of the al- cohol, in a retort with a receiver attached, for four hours, and pour off the liquor. To the residue, add another gallon of alcohol, sufficient. VERATRIA. 581 together with the distilled portion, digest for an hour, and pour off the liquor ; repeat a third time. Express, mix, and strain the liquors, and distil off the alcohol on a water- bath. Boil the residue three or four times in water acidulated with sulphuric acid, mix and strain the liquors, and evaporate to the consistence of syrup. Add magnesia in slight excess, shake frequently, express, and wash residue. Repeat expression and washing two or three times. Dry the resi- due, digest it with gentle heat several times in alcohol, straining after each digestion. Distil off alcohol from the mixed liquors, boil the residue for fifteen minutes in water, with a little sulphuric acid and purified animal charcoal, and strain. Thoroughly wash the residue, mix the washings with the strained liquor, evaporate gently to con- sistence of syrup, add as much solution of ammonia as will precipitate the veratria, separate this, and dry it. U. S. Ph. Veratria is a violent and active poison. It is given internally in minute doses, but is more generally used externally, in gout,' rheumatism, nervous affections, etc. The dose is from one-twelfth to one-sixth of a grain. Pills of Veratria. R. Veratria, half a grain. Syrup of gum, Powdered gum Arabic, each, sufficient. Mix, and make six pills. Dose, one, to be increased to three. Magendie. Pills of Veratria and Henbane. R. Veratria, one grain. Extract of henbane, Powdered liquorice, each, twelve grains. Mix, and make twelve pills. One, thrice a day. Turnbull. Tincture of Veratria. R. Veratria, Alcohol, four grains, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. Dose, from ten to twenty drops in a wineglassful of water, in dropsy, gout, rheumatism, etc. Magendie. Lotion of Veratria. R. Veratria, one scruple to one drachm. Alcohol, two fl. ounces. Mix. As an embrocation ; to be used with caution. Turnbull Glycerite of Veratria. R. Veratria, twenty grains. Alcohol, six fl. drachms. Glycerin, two fl. drachms. Dissolve, and mix. Waring. Liniment of Veratria. R. Veratria, eight grains. Alcohol, Soap liniment, each, four fl. drachms. Mix well. Brande. Compound Veratria Liniment. R. Veratria, five grains. Tincture of aconite root, four fl. drachms. Chloroform, ninety minims. Camphorated soap liniment, twelve fl. drachms. Mix. Used under the name of Buckler's neuralgia liniment. Maryland Coll. Ph. Ointment of Veratria. R. Veratria, twenty grains. Lard, one troyounce. Rub the veratria with the lard gradually added, and mix thoroughly. U. S. Ph. R. Veratria, eight grains. Prepared lard, one ounce. Olive oil, half a fl. drachm. Rub the veratria and oil together, then mix thoroughly with the lard. Brit. Ph. A piece about the size of a hazelnut to be rubbed for five or fifteen minutes over the seat of the disease, in rheumatism, etc. one scruple, one drachm. R. Veratria, Rub with Olive oil, Add Spermaceti ointment, seven drachms. Mix. As the last. Turnbull. Ointment of Veratria and Opium. R. Veratria, half a drachm. Powdered opium, one drachm. Lard, one ounce and a half. Mix. As a friction, in rheumatism. Dunglison. 582 yeeatkij: mukias. — ^eeateum album. Ointment of Veratria and Morphia. R. Veratria, Sulphate of morphia, each, ten grains. Lard, one ounce. Mix. To be rubbed into the perineum thrice daily, in incontinence of urine of adults. Kennard. Ointment of Veratria and Iodine. R. Yeratria, one scruple. Iodide of potassium, half a drachm. Lard, one ounce. Mix. Jourdan. VERATRIA MURIAS. Muriate or Yeratria. at will, sufficient R. Yeratria, Muriatic acid, to saturate ; filter, evaporate, and crystal- lize. Giordano. VERATRIA NITRAS. Nitrate of Yeratria. YERATRIJE SULPHAS. Sulphate op Yeratria. Are made in the same manner, using the appropi-iate acids. Dose of each, about one- eighth of a grain. Solution of Sulphate of Veratria. R. Sulphate of veratria, one grain. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. Dissolve. Dose, one to two fl. drachms, in a mixture, as a substitute for the wine of colchicum or the Eau m6dicinale. Cadet. YERATRUM ALBUM. White Hellebore. A perennial, herbaceous plant, with a fleshy, fusiform rhizome, having numerous fibres, It is a native of the mountainous parts of Europe. Sex. 8yst. Polygam. moncec. Nat. Syst. MelanthacesB. Linn.Bp. PI. 1479. Grifflth,Med. Bot.643. Tin- rhizome, which is tin; officinal part, is in cylindrical, somewhat conical pieces, with numerous radicles; these are corru- gated, and of ablackish-brown color. Their odor is slight, and their taste at first sweet- ish, and then bitter and acrid. White hel- lebore is an active irritant, causing violent vomiting and purging. Externally, it acts like the other powerful acrids. Internally, in small doses, it has been used in many diseases ; but it is now principally employed externally in the treatmeut of cutaneous affections, etc. Dose, from a grain to two grains, gradually increased. Powder of "White Hellebore. R. Powdered white hellebore, three grains. " starch, one scruple. Mix. As an errhine in amaurosis and lethargic affections. Radius. Cephalic Snuff. (Schneeberger.) R. White hellebore, one ounce. Orris root, Bayberry bark, each, half an ounce. Starch, six ounces. Oil of cloves, ten drops. Mix the fine powders thoroughly. Maryland Coll. Ph. Decoction of White Hellebore. R. White hellebore, ten drachms. Distilled water, two pints. Boil down to a pint, and add Rectified spirit, three fl. ounces, and strain. Lond. Ph. 1836. As a wash, in cutaneous diseases. Wine of White Hellebore. R. Bruised white hellebore, four ounces. Wine, one pint. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 1850. Dose, ten minims, gradually increased, two or three times a day, in gout and rheu- matism. Tincture of White Hellebore. R. Bruised white hellebore, four ounces. Alcohol (80 per ct.), twenty ounces. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. Paris Codex. Dose, the same as of the wine, and in same cases. VERATRUM VIRIDE. 583 Ointment of White Hellebore. R. Powdered white hellebore, two ounces. Lard, eight ounces. Oil of lemon, twenty minims. Mix. U. S. Ph. 1850. As a friction in itch, etc. To be used with caution on children. Compound Ointment of White Hellebore. R. Powdered white hellebore, two ounces. " nitre, one drachm. Soft soap, Sulphur, each, six ounces. Lard, one pound and a half. Mix. As a friction in itch. Phoebus. YERATRUM YIRIDE. American or Green Hellebore. A tall, perennial plant, with a thick, fleshy rhizome, having a tunieated top, and numerous fibrous radicles. It is a native of the United States, growing in damp meadows and wet situations. Sex. Syst. Polygam. moncec. Nat. Syst. Melanthaceae. Aiton, Hort. Kev. iii. 422. Griffith, Med. Bot. 643. The root, in a fresh state, has an unpleas- ant odor, which disappears on drying. Its taste is bitter and acrid. Its properties are similar to those of the white hellebore, but it does not purge, and rapidly reduces the frequency and force of the pulse. Dose, one grain, gradually increasing. Tincture of American Hellebore. R. Green hellebore, in coarse powder, four ounces. Rectified spirit, sufficient. Obtain by maceration and displacement one pint (twenty fl. ounces). Dose, five to twenty minims. Brit. Ph. The tincture of Ph. Germ, is of nearly the same strength. R. American hellebore, in powder, No. 50, sixteen troyounces. Alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by percolation two pints. U. S. Ph. Dose, for an adult, eight drops, every three hours. Each dose to be increased one or two drops, until nausea, vomiting, or a reduction of the frequency of the pulse takes place ; then to be reduced to one- half in all cases. Norwood. bruised, White wine, Wine of American Hellebore. R. American hellebore, six ounces. fourteen fl. ounces. Diluted alcohol, two ounces. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Dose, as of tincture. Osgood. The recent root should be used in the two preparations of Dr. Osgood. Fluid Extract of American Hellebore. R. American hellebore, in powder, No. 60, sixteen troyounces. Stronger alcohol, sufficient. Moisten the powder with five fl. ounces of the alcohol, pack firmly in a percolator, add eleven fl. ounces of stronger alcohol, and macerate for four days ; then displace twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, evaporate the remainder to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Dose, two to five drops. Extract of American Hellebore. R. Fresh root of American hellebore, at will. Bruise well, express the juice, and evapo- rate to proper consistence, by a gentle heat, or by exposure to the sun. Dose, from a fourth to half a grain. Ointment of American Hellebore. R. Powdered extract of American hellebore, one drachm. Simple cerate, one ounce. Oil of lemon, three minims. Mix. Pills of American Hellebore. R. Extract of American hellebore, ten grains. Opium, five grains. Soap, fifteen grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty pills. One, every three or four hours, in rheumatism, etc. Osgood. R. Extract of American hellebore, twelve grains. Calomel, six grains. Mix, and make six pills, one every two or three hours, carefully watching its effects, in pericarditis. Waring — Curran. 584 VIOLA. — WIKTEEA Mixture of American Hellebore. R. Tincture of American hellebore, one part. " bloodroot, Camphorated tincture of opium, each, two parts. Mix. Dose, thirty to sixty minims, in catarrh. Osgood. YIOLA. YlOLET. Two species of violet, viz., V. pedata and V. odorata, are sometimes used in medicine. The former is indigenous to this country, and is officinal in the U. S. Ph. The latter is a small, perennial plant, with fragrant, blue flowers, a native of Europe, but gene- rally cultivated in our gardens. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Linn. Sp. PI. 1324. Griffith, Med. Bot. 140. The flowers of both species are of a blue color, almost inodorous when dried, and of a slightly bitter taste. They are principally used as a demulcent, and as a laxative for infants. The rhizome contains an alkaloid similar in its properties to emetia. Conserve of Violets. R. Yiolet flowers, fresh, one part. Sugar, three parts. Rub to "ether. Soubeiran. Syrup of Violets. R. Fresh violet petals, one hundred parts. Wash with lukewarm water; then infuse for twelve hours in a tin vessel with Boiling water, sufficient to obtain 212 parts of clear infusion, in which dissolve 400 parts of sugar. Paris Codex. A gentle laxative for infants, in doses of one to two fl. drachms. Honey of Violets. R. Expressed juice of violets, Honey, equal parts. Evaporate to a proper consistence. Soubeiran. Oil of Violets. R. Fresh violet flowers, fifteen ounces. Almond oil, five pounds. Infuse, with three equal quantities of the flowers, and strain. Used as an article of perfumery. Taddei. R. Powdered orris root, at will. Exhaust with ether, distil to about one- fourth, mix with almond oil, and evaporate the ether spontaneously. Dorvault. w, WINTERA. Winter's Bark. This is derived from an evergreen tree, found in the southern parts of South America, the Drimys Winteri, and also from other species, growing in Peru, etc. Sex. Syst. Polyand. tetragyn. Nat. Syst. Mii^noliacefe. Porster, Gen. 84. Griffith, Med. Bot. 100. The bari is in quilled pieces of some length ; of a pale, yellowish, or dull, red- dish gray, with darker spots externally, and of a dark cinnamon internally. It has an aromatic odor, and a warm, spicy taste. It is a stimulating aromatic tonic. The dose, in powder, is about half a drachm. Tincture of Winter's Bark. R. Bruised Winter's bark, one part. Diluted alcohol, eight parts. Digest with one-half of the alcohol, and repeat with the other. Unite the two tinctures, and filter. SANTHOKEHIZA. — ZIIsTCI ACETAS. 585 X. XANTHORRHIZA. Yellow-Root. The root of Xanthorrhiza apiifolia, a plant indigenous to the United States, is occasion- ally employed in medicine. Sex. Syst. Pentand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Ea- n lino iil?i pffip Willd. Sp. PI. i. 1568. Griffith, Med. Bot. 96. The root and hark of this little shruh are possessed of tonic properties, and may be used in cases where the pure bitters are in- dicated. Infusion of Yellow-Root. R . Bruised yellow-root, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate in a covered vessel for two hours, and strain. Dose, as a tonic, one fl. ounce. Thomas. Extract of Yellow-Root. R. Coarsely-powdered yellow-root, eight ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Moisten the powder with six fl. ounces of diluted alcohol, and macerate twenty-four hours; then transfer to a percolator, and add gradually the rest of the diluted alco- hol. When this has passed, continue the percolation with water until the powder is exhausted. Distil off the alcohol, and evaporate to the consistence of an extract. Thomas. Dose, five grains. XANTHOXYLUM. Prickly-Ash. The bark of Xanthoxylum fraxineum, a shrub about ten feet high, growing in the Middle and Western States, is recognized in the U. S. Ph. Sex. Syst. Dicec. pentand. Nat. Syst. Xan- thoxylacese. The bark is possessed of stimulant and irritant properties. It is more used in do- mestic than in regular practice. Decoction of Prickly- Ash. R. Contused bark of prickly-ash, one ounce. Water, three pints. Boil down to a quart. One pint to be taken, in divided doses, during the twenty-four hours, in chronic rheumatism. G. B. Wood. z. ZINCUM. Zinc. ZINCI ACETAS. Acetate of Zinc. R. Commercial oxide of zinc, four troyounees. Acetic acid, seventeen fl. ounces. Distilled water, ten fl. ounces. Digest the oxide in the mixed liquids for half an hour, heat to boiling, filter while hot, and crystallize. Acidulate mother liquor with acetic acid, evaporate to one-half, and again crystallize. Drain and dry the crys- tals. U. S. Ph. Used as an external application. Collyrium of Acetate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, Acetate of lead, each, six grains. Rose water, Mix, and filter. four fl. ounces. Ellis. R. Acetate of zinc, fifteen to thirtjr grains. Distilled water, twelve fl. ounces. Dissolve. Ware. R. Sulphate of zinc, one drachm. Acetate of lead, half a drachm. Camphor, one scruple. Rose water, twelve fl. ounces. Mix, and filter the solution. Spzelmann. 586 ZINCI CARBOXAS. — ZINCI CHLORIDUM. Injection of Acetate of Zinc. R. Acetate of zinc, eight grains. Rose water, four fl. ounces. Dissolve. In gonorrhoea. Ellis. Injection of Acetate of Zinc and Lead. R. Sulphate of zinc, six grains. Solution of subacetate of lead, thirty minims. Water, four fl. ounces. Mix. By double decomposition acetate of zinc and some sulphate of lead are formed. A. Cooper. Lotion of Acetate of Zinc. R. Acetate of zinc, four scruples. Distilled vinegar, sixteen fl. ounces. Dissolve. Beral. Tincture of Acetate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, Acetate of potassium, each, one part. Rub together, and add Diluted alcohol, sixteen parts. Macerate for a week, stirring occasionally, and filter. Dub. Ph. 1826. As a collyrium and injection, properly diluted. ZINCI CARBONAS Carbonate of Zinc. Precipitated Carbonate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, Carbonate of sodium, each, twelve troyounces. Boiling water, one gallon. Dissolve the salts separately in four pints of water, and mix the solutions; wash the precipitated carbonate, first bydecantation, and afterwards on a filter; then press, and dry it. U. S. Ph. Cerate of Carbonate of Zinc. R. Precipitated carbonate of zinc, two troyounces. Simple ointment, ten troyounces. Mix them. U. S. Ph. Much used as a dressing to excoriations, Bhallow ulcerations, etc. Plaster of Carbonate of Zinc. R. Simple plaster, Powdered carbonate of zinc, each, two pounds. Yellow wax, five ounces. Suet, Turpentine, each, one ounce and a half. Melt, and mix thoroughly. Van Mons. R. Carbonate of zinc, White lead, each, one ounce and a half. Yellow wax, four ounces. Olive oil, six ounces. Melt the wax with the oil, and add the two powders, stirring well. To diminish a superabundant suppuration in ulcers. Cadet. ZINCI CHLORIDUM. Solution of Chloride of Zinc. R. Zinc, in small pieces, six troyounces. Nitric acid, Precipitated carbonate of zinc, each, two drachms and a half. Muriatic acid, sufficient. Add the zinc and muriatic acid together, in a glass vessel, and dissolve; strain, add the nitric acid, and evaporate to dryness. Dis- solve in five fl. ounces of distilled water, add the carbonate, let rest for twenty-four hours, filter, and add sufficient distilled water to make a pint. U. JS. Ph. The solution of Brit. Ph. is very nearly of the same strength. Chloride of Zinc. R. Evaporate a convenient quantity of solution of chloride of zinc to dryness, fuse, pour on a flat stone, and when it has congealed break the mass in pieces. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. requires the chloride of zinc to be moulded. R. Solution of chloride of barium, at will. Solution of sulphate of zinc, sufficient to precipitate sulphate of barium. Filter, and evaporate the fluid to obtain crystals of | chloride of zinc. Righini. Principally used externally, as a caustic! and stimulant; also given internally, in] very small doses, in the neuroses, etc. ZIXCI CYANIDUM Chloride of Zinc. [Disinfectant.) R. Granulated zinc, four pounds (av.). Muriatic acid, four pounds, or sufficient. "Water, two gallons two pints. Add the acid gradually to the zinc, iu a glass or porcelain vessel, till it is dissolved, taking care there is no excess of acid ; strain through a coarse cloth, and add the water. This contains one part of the chloride in twelve, and is of the strength of a disin- fectant. E. Parrish. Ethereal Tincture of Chloride of Zinc. R. Chloride of zinc, four drachms. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. Ether, two fl. ounces. Mix. Five drops every four hours, in a little sugar and water, gradually increasing the dose, in chorea, epilepsy, etc. Hvfeland. Lotion of Chloride of Zinc. R. Chloride of zinc, eight grains. Aloes, two scruples. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Mix. As an application to atonic and foul ulcers. Yogt. Injection of Chloride of Zinc. R. Liquid chloride of zinc, twenty-four drops. Water, four fl. ounces. Mix, and filter. A small quantity to be injected a short distance into the urethra, two or three times a day, in gleet. Gaudriot. Vaginal Suppository of Chloride of Zinc. R. Liquid chloride of zinc, five drops. Sulphate of morphia, half a grain. Mix with three drachms of the following paste : — Mucilage of tragacanth, six parts. White sugar, three parts. Starch, nine parts. Make a suppository. To be used every day, or every other day. Gaudriot. Canquoin's Paste of Chloride of Zinc. No. 1. R. Chloride of zinc, one part. Wheat flour, or sulphate of calcium, four parts. Water, sufficient to make a paste. Mix. No'. 2. Chloride of zinc, Wheat flour, Water, 587 . one part. three parts. sufficient. Mix. No. 3. R. Chloride of zinc, one part. Wheat flour, two parts. Water, sufficient. Mix. The chloride and flour are to be carefully and quickly mixed; add the water to half the quantity, so as to form a soft paste, and mix with this the rest of the powder. Form into cakes of half a line to four lines in thickness. To remain on twenty-four hours or more (six to ten are often sufficient). To produce an eschar in cancer, lupus, etc. Canquoin. R. Chloride of zinc, one part. Chloride of antimony, half a part. Flour, two and a half parts. Water, sufficient. To be mixed as above, so as to be moulded into any desired form. As a caustic, in nodulated cancerous tumors. Canquoin. Powdered opium may be added to any of the above, to mitigate the pain. ZINCI CYANIDTTM. Cyanide of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, one part. Distilled water, ten parts. Dissolve; add Solution of pure cyanide of potassium, sufficient to form precipitate, being added by drops. Filter, wash the precipitate, and dry. Paris Codex. Used in spasmodic affections, etc., in doses of a twelfth to a half of a grain. Powder of Cyanide of Zinc. R. Cyanide of zinc, two grains. Magnesia, twenty grains. Powdered cinnamon, nine grains. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every four hours, in nervous affections, etc. Guibourt. These are Henning's antispasmodic powders. 583 ZI^CI FEEROCYAXIDUM. — ZINCI IODIDUM. B. Pills of Cyanide of Zinc. Cyanide of zinc, fifteen grains. Extract of liquorice, two drachms. Mix, and make sixty pills. One, three times a day. Kopp. ZES T CI FERROCYANIDTJM. Ferrocyanide op Zinc. R. Ferrocyanide of potassium, Sulphate of zinc, six parts, eight parts. Dissolve separately in warm water, add the solutions together ; collect the precipitate, wash it well, and dry. Ph. Germ. Given in doses of one grain, twice or thrice a day, gradually increasing the quan- tity, in nervous affections, nocturnal pains, etc. Powder of Ferrocyanide of Zinc. R. Ferrocyanide of zinc, six grains. Magnesia, four grains. Powdered cinnamon, three grains. Mix. Every four hours, in nervous affec- tions, cramp of the stomach, etc. Radius. The quantity of the salt of zinc is rather large, but it is thus ordered in various authors. Compound Pills of Ferrocyanide of Zinc. R. Ferrocyanide of *zinc, fifteen grains. Powdered valerian, half a drachm. Extract of valerian, sufficient. Mix, and make sixty pills. Two, morning and evening, in chorea. Rosenstiel. R. Ferrocyanide of zinc, ten grains. Magnesia, two scruples. Oil of valerian, twenty drops. Syrup of chamomile, five scruples. Powdered valerian, ten scruples. Mix, and make into throe-grain pills. Six, three times a day, gradually increasing. Vogt. Solution of Ferrocyanide of Zinc. R. Ferrocyanide of zinc, four grains. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, a tablespoon ful, four limes a day, in chorea. Radius. Mixture of Ferrocyanide of Zinc. R. Ferrocyanide of zinc, eight to twenty grains. Powdered gum Arabic, two drachms. Cherry water, three fl. ounces. Wine of opium, one fl. scruple. Cherry-laurel water, half a fl. ounce. Mix. As a collyrium, in scrofulous and rheumatic ophthalmia. Amnion. ZINC I IODIDUM. Iodide of Zinc. R. Iodine, one hundred and sevent}" parts. Powdered zinc, twenty parts. Heat in a matrass till the iodide sublimes. Magendie. R. Iodine, Powdered zinc, two parts. one part. Digest in a little water, and agitate till the solution is colorless. Evaporate with geutle heat. Beasley. Used externally. Ointment of Iodide of Zinc. R. Iodide of zinc, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. Mix. As a friction to tumors, etc. Ure. Collyrium of Iodide of Zinc. R. Iodide of zinc, four grains. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Dissolve. R Solution of Iodide of Zinc. Iodide of zinc, ten to thirty grains. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. To be applied, by means of a sponge tied to a quill, to enlarged tonsils to bP followed, after some days' perseve- rance, by a saturated solution applied by a camel's hair brush. T. Ross. Concentrated Solution of Iodide of Zinc. R. Iodine, four drachms. Granulated zinc, one drachm. Water, fifteen drachms. Digest until colorless, and filter. Dorvault. ZINCI LACTAS. ZINCI OXIDUM, 589 Syrup of Iodide of Zinc. R. Iodine, four drachms. Powdered zinc, two drachms. Water, four fl. ounces. Agitate till colorless ; then filter into Syrup, twelve fl. ounces. Mix. A. T. Thomson. R. Iodine, twelve drachms two scruples. Finely granulated zinc, one ounce. Sugar, one pound (avoir.). Water, nine fl. ounces. Add the zinc and iodine to the water in an evaporating dish, and heat gently until the solution becomes colorless. Place the sugar in a wide-mouthed bottle, filter the hot solution into it, and add sufficient water to make a pint of syrup. Dissolve the sugar by a gentle heat. Each fl. ounce contains one drachm of iodide of zinc. A. B. Taylor. R. Concentrated solution of iodide of zinc, one part. Simple syrup, ninety-nine parts. Mix. Deschamps. ZINCI LACTAS. Lactate of Zinc. R. Lactic acid, a convenient quantity. Neutralize with recently precipitated oxide or carbonate of zinc, and crystallize. Paris Codex. R. Sulphate of zinc, nine parts. Lactate of calcium, ten parts. Mix, boil with some water, cool, filter, and crystallize. Dorvault. This salt requires sixty parts of cold, and six of boiling water for solution. Recom- mended by Herpin in epilepsy. Dose, two grains, thrice daily, in the form of pill, and gradually increased to three grains. ZINCI NITRAS. Nitrate op Zinc. R. Granulated zinc, at will. Nitric acid, sufficient. Dilute the acid with an equal bulk of water, dissolve the zinc, heat until a slight precipi- tate of oxynitrate is formed, dilute with its bulk of boiling water, cool, and filter ; then evaporate ac a gentle heat until it congeals on cooling ; break into pieces, and drain. Lefort. Paste of Nitrate of Zinc. R. Nitrate of zinc, ten parts. Water, Wheaten flower, each, five parts. Dissolve the nitrate in the water, and gra- dually add the flour. Lefort. Recommended by Clement and Desgrange as a serviceable caustic, remaining soft, without contracting or spreading at the ZINCI OXIDUM. Oxide of Zinc. R. Precipitated carbonate of zinc, one pound. Expose to a low red heat in a shallow ves- sel, so as to drive off the carbonic acid. U. S. Ph. Tonic and antispasmodic, and given in nervous and spasmodic affections, in doses of two to ten grains and upwards, several times a day. Also used externally. Powder of Oxide of Zinc. R. Oxide of zinc, White sugar, three grains. five grains. Mix. One powder every four hours. Use- ful in gastric or spasmodic cough. A. T. Thomson. Compound Powder of Oxide of Zinc. R. Oxide of zinc, six grains. Extract of henbane, one grain. Oil of valerian. one drop. Powdered valerian, half a drachm. Mix, and divide into nine powders. One, thrice a day, in nervous disorders. Radius. R. Oxide of zinc, one drachm. Powdered opium, ten grains. " Peruvian bark, " fennel, each, one ounce. Mix, and divide into fifty powders. One, every two hours, in hooping-cough. Augustin. Powder of Oxide of Zinc and Colombo. R. Oxide of zinc, four grains. Powdered Colombo, thirty grains. Mix, and divide into four powders. One every three hours, in dyspepsia. Brera. 590 ZINCI SULPHAS Pills of Oxide of Zinc. R. Oxide of zinc, two scruples. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make ten pills. One, three or four times a day, in epilepsy, chorea, nerv- ous headache, etc. Ellis. Compound Pills of Oxide of Zinc. R. Oxide of zinc, five grains. Extract of cascarilla, six grains. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. Mix, and make three pills ; one to be taken three times a day, in epilepsy. Ainslie. R. Oxide of zinc, one scruple. Powdered valerian, thirty grains. Castor, four grains. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make twelve pills. To be taken during the day, in epilepsy, etc. Foy. R. Oxide of zinc, Extract of hyoscyamus, each, two scruples. Mix, and make forty pills. Dose, two pills, increased to twenty or thirty during- the day ; in facial neuralgia. Niemeyer. one ounce. Lotion with Oxide of Zinc. R. Oxide of zinc, Elder-flower water, one fl. ounce and a half. Agitate together. In pustular erysipelas. Augustin. Ointment of Oxide of Zinc. R. Oxide of zinc, eighty grains. Ointment of benzoin, four hundred grains. Mix. U. 8. Ph. The proportions of oxide of zinc and benzoinated lard are 1:5 U. S. Ph., 2:11 Brit. Ph., 1:9 Parts Codex. The Ph. Germ, directs one part of the oxide to nine parts of ointment of rose-water. A mild, astringent application, in chronic ophthalmia, and in excoriation and ulcera- tion. Ointment of Impure Oxide of Zinc. (Tutty Ointment.) R. Prepared tutty, one drachm. Lard, five drachms. Bab together. Pereira. Ointment of Oxide of Zinc and Opium. R. Oxide of zinc, half a drachm. Fresh butter, one drachm. Powdered opium, one grain. Mix. In chronic ophthalmia. Hencke. Ointment of Oxide of Zinc and Calomel. R. Oxide of zinc, half a drachm. Calomel, Powdered aloes, each, one grain. Fresh butter, two drachms. Mix. In scrofulous ophthalmia. Scarpa. Cerate of Oxide of Zinc and Lycopodium. R. Oxide of zinc, Lycopodium, each, fifteen grains. Simple cerate, half an ounce. Mix. In ulceration of the breasts, tetter, etc. Hufeland. Dusting Powder of Oxide of Zinc. R. Oxide of zinc, Lycopodium, each, equal parts. Mix. Used in erythema of infants, accom- panied by moisture. J. L. Smith. R. Oxide of zinc, one part. Powdered acacia, two parts. Mix. Applied to sore and fissured nipples. Waring. ZINCI SULPHAS. Sulphate of Zinc. R. Zinc, in small pieces, four ounces. Sulphuric acid, six ounces. Distilled water, four pints. Introduce the zinc and water into a glass vessel, and add the sulphuric acid by de- grees; when all effervescence has ceased, filter, boil to a pellicle, and set aside to crystallize. U. 8. Ph. It is astringent, tonic, and, in large doses, a prompt and effective emetic. Dose, as a ionic, one to two grains; as emetic, ten to thirty. Pills of Sulphate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, ten grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make twenty pills. One, three times a day. In hooping-cough, etc. Ellis. ZINCI SULPHAS. 591 Pills of Sulphate of Zinc and Turpentine. R. Sulphate of zinc, two drachms. Venice turpentine, sufficient. Mix, and make sixty pills. As a tonic. Beasley. Pills of Sulphate of Zinc and Myrrh. R. Sulphate of zinc, ten grains. Powdered myrrh, one drachm and a half. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make twenty pills. From two to four pills a day, in hooping-cough. Paris. Compound Pills of Sulphate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, one grain. Extract of gentian, eight grains. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. Mix. and make two pills, to be taken during the day, with two fl. drachms of infusion of chamomile, in epilepsy. Ainslie. Solution of Sulphate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, two grains. Chamomile water, three fl. ounces. Dissolve. A spoonful, two or three times a day, in chronic dysentery. Radius. Alkaline Solution of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, twenty-four grains. Solution of potassa, three drachms. Dissolve. Dose, thirty drops in water twice daily. A useful adjunct to other treatment in acne punctata. A. T. Thomson. Collyrium of Sulphate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, one grain. Rose water, five hundred grains. Dissolve. Paris Codex. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Spirit of camphor, five drops. Mix, and strain. Scarpa. To be used as the last. R. Sulphate of zinc, ) . Crystallized sugar, I eacn ' Orris root, ) oxigram. Rose water, eleven fl. drachms. Macerate, and filter. Dor vault. A popular remedy in France, where it is used under various names. R. Sulphate of zinc, Acetate of lead, Laudanum, Water, six grains, ten grains, one fl. drachm, five fl. ounces. Mix. As an application to the eyes in ophthalmia, after reduction of the inflam- mation. Gregory. R. Sulphate of zinc, six grains. Mucilage of quince seed, one fl. ounce. Collyrium of Sulphate of Zinc and Camphor. R. Sulphate of zinc, one scruple. Camphor water, Rose water, each, eight fl. ounces. Mix. Ainslie. Fomentation -with Sulphate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, one drachm and a half. Decoction of pomegranate bark, four pints. ' s Peruvian bark, two pints. Laudanum, one fl. ounce. Mix. As an application to external piles, and in vaginal gonorrhoea. Br era. White Caustic Lotion. R. Sulphate of zinc, Acetate of lead, each, ninety grains. Nitrate of silver, ten grains. Corrosive sublimate, five grains. Water, six fl. ounces. Mix. Maryland Coll. Ph. Gargle of Sulphate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, one drachm. Honey, half a fl. ounce. Tincture of myrrh, Brandy, each, one fl. ounce. Rose water, six fl. ounces. Mix. In ulcerations of gums, etc., occa- sioned by excessive salivation. Ellis. Plaster of Sulphate of Zinc. R. Simple plaster, eight hundred parts. White wax, fifty parts. Fuse and add 592 ZIXCI VALERIASTAS Sulphate of zinc, twenty-five parts, previously dissolved in a little water. Agitate continually until the water has evaporated, and cool. This is the empldtre diapalme of the French Codex. Injection of Sulphate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, one drachm. Camphor water, two fl. ounces. Water, two pints. Mix. Swediaur. R. Sulphate of zinc, ten grains. Powdered gum Arabic, two drachms. Laudanum, Distilled water, Mix. In gonorrhoea. one fl. drachm, eight fl. ounces. Ellis. Lotion of Sulphate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, sixteen grains. Rose water, sixteen fl. ounces. Mix. B6ral. R. Sulphate of zinc, half a drachm. Water, Lead water, each, half a pint. Mix. Beasley. R. Sulphate of zinc, four scruples. Distilled vinegar, one pint. Mix. Beral. Sulphate of Zinc Mixture. R. Sulphate of zinc, one grain. Decoction of cascarilla, twelve fl. drachms. Simple syrup, four fl. drachms. Mix, to be divided into four doses, one to be taken three times a day, in hooping- cough. Ainslie. ZINCI SULPIIO-CARBOLAS. Sulpho-Carbolate of Zinc. Solution of Sulphocarbolate of Zinc. \i. Sulpho-carbolatc of zinc, Water, three to six grains. one ounce. Dissolve. As an injection in gonorrhoea, and as a dressing for wounds and sores. J. Wood. Collodion with Sulphocarbolate of Zinc. R. Sulphocarbolate of zinc, one drachm. Collodion, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve the salt in a little alcohol, and mix with collodion. C. L. Mitchell. ZINCI VALERIANAS. Valerianate op Zinc. To the aqueous distillate obtained from valerian root, alcohol is added to dissolve the oil globules; a sufficient quantity of oxide of zinc, previously rubbed up with alcohol, is added, the mixture is heated to the boiling point, rapidly filtered, and set aside to crystallize. The crystals are washed with cold water, drained, and dried. Guilliermond. R. Sulphate of zinc, five and three-quarter ounces. Yalerianate of sodium, five ounces. Distilled water, sufficient. Dissolve the salts each in forty ounces of the water, heat to near the boiling point, mix, and cool. Remove the crystals, evapo- rate mother-liquor at 200° to four 11. ounces and crystallize. Drain and wash the crys- tals with a little cold water, and dry. Brit. Ph. R. Contused valerian, tkirtj r -two ounces. Water, eight 'pounds. Sulphuric acid, three ounces. Macerate for two days, and distil as long as product reddens litmus paper. Expose to the air for a month, then put it in a matrass with two hundred and twenty -five grains of recently-prepared oxide of zinc, and digest on a sand-bath for eigbt or ten hours, at 175° F., agitating occasionally ; filter whilst hot, evaporate to three-fourths, and dry the residue on earthen plates. Buisson. Has been recommended as a powerful nervine tonic, and antispasmodic, in neu- ralgia and hysteria. Dose, one to three grains, in the form of pills. Pills of Valerianate of Zinc. R. Yalerianate of zinc, nine grains. Tragacanth, thirty grains. Mix, and make twelve pills. One, morn- ing' and evening, in nervous headache, etc. Devay. Mixture of Valerianate of Zinc. R. Valerianate of zinc, one grain and a half. Distilled water, five fl. drachms. ZINGIBEK 593 Syrup, one fl. ounce. Mix. A tablespoonful every half hour. Devay. ZINGIBER. Ginger. The rhizome of Zingiber officinale, a small herbaceous, perenuial plant, a native of the East Indies. Sex Syst. Monand. monog. Xat. Syst. Zin- giberace?e. Eoseoe, Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 348. Grif- fith, Med. Bot. 629. The rhizome or root is creeping, knotty, lobated or palmated, and fleshy ; witb an agreeable, pungent, campboraceous odor, and an aromatic, acrid, burning taste. Two kinds are met with in commerce, tbe black and the wbite ; the first consists of the roots, scalded in hot water and dried ; tbe second is also composed of the roots, but deprived of their epidermis previous to desic- cation. Ginger contains a volatile oil, a soft, acrid resin, some gum, various salts, and tbe usual vegetable constituents. It is stimulating, somewhat acrid, aromatic, and stomachic. It is given in doses of ten grains to a scruple, or more. R Infusion of Ginger. Bruised ginger, half a troyounce. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. Dose, a wineglassful. TJ. S. Ph. Ginger Lozenges. R. Powdered ginger, two ounces. " sugar, fifteen ounces. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Mix well, and form lozenges of sixteen grains each. Soubeiran. R. Tincture of ginger, two fl. ounces. Powdered sugar, twenty troyounces. " tragacanth, half a troyounce. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. Mix the tincture with the sugar, evaporate the alcohol spontaneously, powder, add the tragacanth, and with the syrup form a mass to be divided into four hundred and eighty troches. JJ. S. Ph. Yeast, eight fl. ounces. Boiling water, four gallons. Pour the water on the four first-named in- gredients, infuse for two hours, and strain ; then add the yeast, and, when fermentation has commenced, pour into strong bottles and wire down the corks. Redwood. R. "White sugar, twenty pounds. Lemon juice, eighteen fl. ounces. Hone} T , one pound. Bruised ginger, twenty -two ounces. "Water, eighteen gallons. Boil the ginger in three gallons of the water for half an hour ; add the sugar, lemon juice, and honey with the remainder of the water, and strain ; when cold add the white of an egg and half a fl. ounce of es- sence of lemon ; let rest for four days, and bottle. Pereira. Ginger Beer. R. Sugar, Bruised ginger, Cream of tartar, Lemons, sliced, 38 three pounds. two ounces. one ounce. four. Syrup of Ginger. R. Fluid extract of ginger, one fl. ounce. Carbonate of magnesium, two drachms. "Water, forty-two fl. ounces. Sugar, seventy-two troyounces. Kub the fluid extract with the carbonate and two troyounces of the sugar, then with the water gradually added, and filter ; add the remainder of the sugar, dissolve with a gentle heat, and strain while hot. U. S. Ph. R. Strong tincture of ginger, six fl. drachms. Syrup, nineteen fl. ounces. Mix by agitation. Brit. Ph. R. Fluid Extract of Ginger. Ginger, in powder, No. 50, sixteen troyounces. Alcohol, sufficient. Moisten the ginger with four fl. ounces of alcohol, pack firmly in a percolator, add twelve fl. ounces of alcohol, and macerate for four days ; then displace twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, evapo- rate the remainder to two fl. ounces, and mix with the reserved portion. U. S. Ph. Dose, five to twenty minims. Strong Tincture of Ginger. R. Ginger in fine powder, ten ounces. Rectified spirit, sufficient. Obtain by slow displacement one pint (twenty fl. ounces). Brit. Ph, 594 ZINGIBER Tincture of Ginger. R. Ginger, bruised, eight troyounces. Alcohol, sufficient. Obtain by displacement two pints. U. S. Ph. Dose, half to one fl. drachm. The tinc- ture of Brit. Ph. is about one-half this strength. Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. direct one part of ginger to five parts of alcohol, sp. gr. 0.892. Oil of Ginger. R. Ginger, one part. Water, six parts. Digest for five or six days ; distil, and collect the oil. Oleoresin of Ginger. R. Ginger, in powder, No. 60, twelve troyounces. Stronger ether, twelve fl. ounces. Alcohol, sufficient. Press the ginger firmly into a suitable per- colator, add the ether, and then sufficient alcohol to obtain twelve fl. ounces of perco- late. Distil the greater part of the ether, and evaporate the remaining ether sponta- neously. U. 8. Ph. One part of the oleoresin corresponds to about sixteen of ginger. Syrup of Oleoresin of Ginger. R. Oleoresin of ginger, one scruple. Syrup, one ounce. Dissolve, and strain, after twenty-four hours' digestion. B6ral Essence of Ginger. R. Jamaica ginger, four ounces. French brandy, one pint. Powder the ginger coarsely, moisten it with the brandy, put it in a displacer, and pour the remainder of the brandy on it ; when it ceases to pass, add diluted alcohol, till one. pint has passed in all. R. Bruised Jamaica ginger, twelve pounds. Alcohol, two gallons and a half. Digest fourteen days, express, strain, and reduce by distillation, to one gallon. Cool, and filter. A most excellent preparation. Cooley. R. Powdered ginger, " animal charcoal, equal parts. Alcohol, sufficient. Moisten the powders for twenty-four hours, with sufficient alcohol to cover them ; then transfer to a percolator, and return the first runnings two or three times. Change the receiver, and gradually pour on alcohol, as required, until as much essence is obtained as there was ginger employed. Cooley. Spice Plaster. R. Powdered ginger, two ounces. " cloves, " cinnamon, each, one ounce. " red pepper, two drms. Tincture of ginger, half an ounce. Honey, sufficient. Mix the powders; add the tincture, and sufficient honey to make of proper consist- ence for a stiff cataplasm. W. Procter. ADDENDA. Under this title ivill be found a few articles belonging to the Formulary proper, together with a large number of practical receipts, ivhich could not have been introduced, with propriety, under any of the officinal heads. B Fleming's Tincture of Aconite. Powdered aconite root, (troy) sixteen ounces. Rectified spirit, sixteen fl. ounces. Macerate for four days, then pack in a per- colator, and add rectified spirit until twenty-four fl. ounces of tincture are ob- tained. Dose, two to three minims, as an ano- dyne. Pereira. Blacket's Tincture of Belladonna. R. Extract of belladonna, ten drachms. Proof spirit, one pound. Macerate, dissolve, and strain. Dose, two or three minims as an anodyne. Lond. Ph. Jour. B. Acoustic Balsam. Compound tincture ' each. one fl. ounce. Mix. of benzoin, Tincture of castor, " opium, Essential oil of assafetida, five drops. Cooley. each, one fl. ounce. R. Tincture of ambergris, " assafetida, " castor, " opium, Terebinthinated balsam of sulphur, Oil of rue, each, fifteen drops. Mix. One or two drops are poured into the ear, or a piece of wool moistened there- with is introduced, in cases of atonic deaf- ness. Baumi. Clemens' Solution of Arsenic and Bromine. R. Arsenious acid, Carbonate of potassium, each, one drachm, Dissolve in water, dilute to twelve fl. ounces, and add Bromine, two drachms. Digest until colorless. Dose, three or four drops, twice a day, in water. Dorvaidt. Medicated Waters. R Any essential oil, two drachms. Precipitated chalk, one ounce. Alcohol, two fl. ounces. Distilled water, one gallon. Eub the oil with the chalk, then add the spirit gradually, and when completely dis- solved, pour in the water by degrees ; let it stand three minutes, and filter through close paper. Mr. John Fordred affirms that chalk is decidedly preferable to the carbonate of magnesium, in preparing medicated waters. Lond. Phar. Jour. Extemporaneous Preparation of Medicated Waters. R. Any essential oil, two drops. Carbonate of magnesium, six grains. Rub together, and add gradually Water, one fl. ounce. Filter the solution through bibulous paper. Process for Coating Pills. R. Flaxseed, one part. White sugar, three parts. Distilled water, sufficient. Pour the boiling water on the seed to ex- tract the mucilage, separate the thick mucilage, add the sugar, and carefully drive off the whole of the moisture by evap- oration. Reduce the dried mucilage to powder, in which the pills (having been previously moistened) are to be rolled until covered with a layer of the compound. Calloud. (595) 596 ADDENDA R. Butter of cacao, at will. Melt. Throw the prepared pills into the melted butter, then remove them with a perforated skimmer, and roll them in pow- dered sugar, or sugar of milk. Calloud. Pastilles de Paris. R. Powdered cubebs, one ounce and a half. " guru Arabic, one ounce. " liquorice, " sugar, each, four ounces. Oil of lemon, fifty drops. Mix, and make lozenges of eight grains. Eau de Pagliari. R. Tincture of benzoin, eight fl. ounces. Alum, one pound. Water, ten pounds. Mix. This preparation is said to possess an extraordinary power of coagulating the blood. Sedillot. Jackson's Pectoral Lozenges. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, ten grains. Precipitated sulphuret of antimon}', five grains. Muriate of morphia, six grains. Powdered gum Arabic,} each, u sugar, V- eleven " liquorice, ) drachms. Oil of sassafras, four drops. Tincture of Tolu, four fl. drachms. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and divide into two hundred lozenges. S. Jackson. Jackson's Pectoral Syrup. R. Sassafras pith, one drachm. Gum Arabic, one ounce. Water, one pint. Macerate twelve hours, then add Sugar, twenty-one ounces. Dissolve without heat, strain, and add Muriate of morphia, eight grains. Mix carefully, and add water sufficient to make the whole measure two pints. Dose, a teaspoonful to a tablespoon ful, every three hours. S. Jackson. Klrkland's Neutral Cerate. R. Lead plaster, eight ounces. Olive oil, four ounces. Melt, and while fluid, add Prepared chalk, four ounces. Stir, until sufficiently cooled, then add Acetic acid, four fl. ounces. Acetate of lead, three drachms. Mix. Paris. Chlorodyne. R. Muriate of morphia, eight grains. Oil of peppermint, two drops. Tincture of Indian 1 hemp, I each, Chloric ether, j one drachm. Treacle, Chloroform, six drachms. Scheele's hydrocyanic acid, twelve drops. Perchloric acid, twenty drops. Tincture of capsicum, half a drachm. Dissolve and mix. Ogden. R. Muriate of morphia, eight grains. Oil of peppermint, sixteen minims. Stronger ether, one fl. ounce. Extract of liquorice, two and a half tro} r ounces. Pure chloroform,} ea(jh Stronger alcohol, >• « , ,' fl „,„„- , T , & ' ( lour n. ounces. Molasses, ) Officinal hydrocyanic acid, two fl. ounces. Syrup, seventeen and a half fl. ounces. Dissolve the morphia and oil in the alcohol, and add chloroform and ether. Mix liquo- rice, syrup, and molasses, shake the two mixtures, and add the hydrocyanic acid. Dose, five to ten minims, the vial to be well shaken. Maryland Coll. Ph. Formulas for Elixirs and other Preparations. Adopted by the American Pharmaceutical Association, 1873. Compound Powder of Cochineal. B. Cochineal, Alum, Carbonate of potas- each, two drachms. Bitartrate of potassium, four drachms. Mix the powders thoroughly. ADDENDA. 597 Compound Tincture of Cochineal. R. Compound powder of cochineal, Diluted alcohol. two drachms, two fl. ounces. Macerate for twelve hours, and strain. Spirit of Orange. R. Oil of sweet orange, one fl. ounce. Stronger alcohol, fifteen fl. ounces. Dissolve. Simple Elixir. R. Spirit of orange, half a fl. ounce. Stronger alcohol, four fl. ounces. Cinnamon water, Syrup, each, six fl. ounces. Mix, and clarify with paper pulp, made of sixty grains of filtering paper. Red Elixir. R. Compound tincture of cochineal, half a fl. ounce. Simple elixir, sixteen fl. ounces. Mix. 'Elixir of Calisaya Bark. R. Tincture of cinchona, U. S. Ph., twent}'-two fl. drachms. Simple elixir, sufficient for fl. sixteen ounces. Mix. A fl. drachrn represents two grains of Calisaya bark. Elixir of Calisaya Bark with Iron. R. Elixir of Calisaya, fifteen fl. ounces. Warm distilled water, one fl. ounce. Ammonio-citrate of iron, two drachms. Dissolve and mix. Compound Elixir of Cinchona. R. Compound tincture of cinchona, U. S. Ph., twenty-two fl. drachms. Simple elixir, sufficient to make sixteen fl. ounces. Mix and filter. Compound Elixir of Cinchona with Iron. R. Compound elixir of cinchona, fifteen fl. ounces. Warm distilled water, one fl. ounce. Ammonio-citrate of iron, two drachms. Dissolve and mix. Elixir of Citrate of Iron. R. Ammonio-citrate of iron, two hundred and fifty-six grs. Warm distilled water, one fl. ounce. Simple elixir, fifteen fl. ounces. Dissolve and filter. Elixir of Pyrophosphate of Iron. Made like the preceding, with two hundred and fifty-six grains of pyrophosphate of iron. Elixir of Citrate of Bismuth. Made like the preceding, with two hundred and fifty-six grains of ammonio-phosphate of bismuth. Elixir of Pepsin. R. Pepsin made by Scheffer's formula, two hundred and fifty-six grains. Sherry wine, fourteen fl. ounces. Syrup, two fl. ounces. Fluid extract of ginger, twenty-five drops. Dissolve and mix. Elixir of Valerianate of Ammonium. R. Valerianate of ammonium, two hundred and fifty-six grs. Simple elixir, fifteen and a half fl. ounces. Compound tincture of cochineal, half a fl. ounce. Dissolve the salt in two ounces of the elixir, neutralize with ammonia, and add remain- der. Elixir of Valerianate of Ammonium with Quinia. R. Elixir of valerianate of ammonium, one pint. Sulphate of quinia, one hundred and twenty-eight grains. Dissolve. 598 ADDENDA Tincture of Sumbul. See page 565. Compound Elixir of Sumbul. See page 566. Elixir of Pyrophosphate of Iron, Quinia, and Strychnia. C. L. DiehPs Formula, p. 558. Elixir of Gentian with Iron. R. Extract of gentian, Ainmonio-citrate of iron, each, one hundred and twenty-eight grains. Warm distilled water, one fl. ounce. Simple elixir, fifteen fl. ounces. Dissolve and mix. Bitter "Wine of Iron. R. Sulphate of cinchonia, forty- five grains. Sulphate of quinia, fifteen grains. Citric acid, sixty grains. Ammonio-citrate of iron, four drachms. Concentrated tincture of fresh sweet orange-peel, Distilled water, each, three fl. ounces. Sherry wine, eight fl. ounces. Syrup, two fl. ounces. Dissolve the sulphates and acid in two fl. ounces, and the iron in the remaining water ; mix the solutions, and add the other ingre- dients. Syrup of Liquorice Root. R. Powdered liquorice root, four troyounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Sugar, twelve troyounces. Exhaust the powder with diluted alcohol, evaporate by a water-bath to ten fl. ounces, filter, and dissolve the sugar. The syrup should measure sixteen fl. ounces. Recommended for masking the bitterness of quinia. ANATOMICAL INJECTIONS. I. For Preserving the Body. A. Molasses Injection. two gallons. R. Doiling water, Common salt, to saturate. sufficient Nitre, two to four ounces. Molasses, four ounces. Mix together, and boil for a few minutes. The proportions of nitre and molasses are variable. This injection penetrates well, and it will preserve the body long enough for dissecting purposes. B. Chloride of Zinc Injection. R. Commercial muriatic acid, ten pounds. Add gradually Scrap zinc, more than sufficient to neutralize the acid. This solution is extremely concentrated and acrid. Where the body is to be kept during the summer months, the Editor deems it advisable to throw the undiluted solution into the aorta until the fluid oozes from an incision made into the cellular tissue of one of the toes. About half a gallon is usually required to effect this ob- ject. In winter, one to three pints, diluted with water, will answer. As a mere preservative nothing can sur- pass this injection ; but it is open to the serious objection of bleaching the tissues. C. Nitrate of Lead Injection. R. Nitric acid, ten pounds. Powdered litharge, more than sufficient to saturate. Mix. One to two pints of this fluid may be advantageously added to a solution of salt containing a little nitre. The mixture forms a good preservative injection ; giving a rusty, rather than a bleached appearance to the tissues. D. Method of Preserving a Corpse. R. Corrosive sublimate, sufficient to saturate Alcohol, three pints. This mixture is to be thrown into the aorta. To be followed daily for three successive days by the same quantity of a saturated solution of the acetate of alumi- nium. The surface of the body is to be fre- quently washed with the latter solution. Hy this method the natural appearance of the body may be retained for a week. W. R. Grant. E. Gannal's Injection. R. Sulphate of aluminium, Acetate of lead, two pounds, half a pound. ADDENDA. 599 Dissolve the salts separately, in water, mix the solutions, and filter. The body is to be injected with six pints of this fluid, by one of the large arteries. Dorvault. II. For Arterial and Yenous Preparations. A. For Coarse Objects. B. Tallow, ) Resin, V equal parts. Yellow wax, ) Melt over a slow fire, and add sufficient red lead or vermilion to color. B. Wax, sixteen ounces. Resin, Turpentine varnish, each, eight ounces. Yerrnilion, one ounce. Melt the wax and resin, stirring in the var- nish and vermilion. This injection is liable to melt in warm weather, thus giving a flattened appearance to the bloodvessels. B. Tallow, two pounds. Magnesia, half an ounce. Yerrnilion, one ounce. Melt the tallow, and stir in the magnesia and vermilion. This, like the two former injections, is thrown in hot. The following is used cold, and hence is called the cold paint injection. B. White lead, well ground, two pounds. Turpentine varnish, twelve drachms. Linseed oil, six ounces. Grind the white lead and varnish together, add the oil, and rub to the consistence of cream ; in which state it is to be thrown into the arteries. Dublin Dissector. B. For Fine Preparations. B. Lead, five parts. Melt, and add Bismuth, eight parts. Tin, three parts. Mercury, two parts. Melt. This liquid amalgam is used for injecting the kidneys and other organs. Francis. B. Glue, Dissolve, and add one ounce. Strong size, one pint. Yerrnilion, or other coloring matter, one ounce and a half. Mix. Francis. B. Canada balsam, one pound. Yerrnilion, sufficient to color. Mix intimately. Dorvault. C. For Preserving Specimens. In the anatomical museums of this coun- try it is customary to use alcohol in the preservation of specimens. For the brain, nerve-matter, and liga- ments, strong alcohol is employed. For other parts, a mixture of two parts of alco- hol and one of water is found to answer. The following are possessed of much merit as preservative fluids : — B. Saturate water with sulphurous acid, and add a little creasote. Cooley. B. Powdered corrosive sublimate, two drachms. Alcohol, one pint. Mix, dissolve, and decant after twenty-four hours. Francis. Goadby's Solutions. No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. Salt, 4 oz. 4 oz. 8 oz. Alum, 2 oz. 2 oz. Corrosive sublimate, 2 grs. 3 grs. 2 grs. Water, 2 pts. 4 pts. 2 pts. Mr. Goadby usually employs No. 1 ; but for delicate preparations that might be in* jured by a concentrated solution, he substij* tutes No. 2. As alum decomposes osseous matter, No. 3 is used when the tissues con- tain carbonate of lime. No. 4. No. 5. Salt, 8 oz. 8 oz. Corrosive sublimate, 15 grs. Arsenious acid, 15 grs. 15 grs. Water, 2 pts. 2 pts. These solutions are used for old and soft preparations. Dorvault. Reboulet's Solution. B. Nitre, one part. Alum, two parts. Chlorinated lime, four parts. Water, sixteen parts. To be afterwards diluted according to cir- cumstances. Cooley. 600 ADDENDA Blacking. No.l. R. Ivory black, twelve ounces. Treacle, four ounces. Sperm oil, one ounce. Vinegar, two pints. Oil of vitriol (by weight), two ounces. Mix the first three ingredients, and add the vinegar gradually, stirring after each addi- tion ; add the oil of vitriol very carefully, stirring constantly until the effervescence ceases. Lond. Ph. Jour. No. 2. R. Ivory black, Treacle, each, twelve ounces. Sperm oil, Oil of vitriol, each, three ounces. Yinegar, four pints. Mix the ivory black, treacle, and vinegar together ; then mix the sperm oil and oil of vitriol separately, and add them to the other mixture. Redwood. No. 3. — {Liquid.) R. Ivory black, in fine powder, one pound. Treacle, three-fourths of a pound. Sweet oil, two ounces. Beer, Yinegar, each, one pint. Rub the first three together until uniformly mixed, then add the beer and vinegar. Cooley. No. 4. sixteen parts. eight parts. four parts, two parts. one part. sixty-four parts. Cooley. Blacking for Grates. R. Asphaltum, Melt, and add Linseed oil, Oil of turpentine, Mix. R. Ivory black, Treacle, Oil of vitriol Diluted with Water, Gum Arabic, Soft water, Mix as before. No. 5.— {Paste.) R. Ivory black, in powder, one pound and a quarter. Treacle, one pound. Sweet oil, two ounces. Rub together till well mixed, then add Vinegar, sufficient to form a paste. Cooley. four pounds. two pounds. one gallon. Gray. Boot Composition. R. Boiled linseed oil, one pint. Oil of turpentine, ) , Black resin, >- ,, ' Wax, S threeounoes - Melt the wax and resin together, and stir in the boiling oil; then remove the pot from the fire, and when it has cooled a little, add the turpentine, and mix. Cooley. R. Caoutchouc, two drachms. Mineral naphtha, two ounces. Asphaltum, Ivory black, each, half an ounce. Oil of turpentine, one ounce. Dissolve the caoutchouc in the naphtha, and the asphaltum in the turpentine ; mix the two solutions, and add the ivory black. Lond. Ph. Jour. Both of these compositions are reputed to be water-proof. Bug Poison. No.l. R. Alcohol, one hundred and twenty parts. Camphor, two parts. Oil of turpentine, four parts. Corrosive sublimate, one part. Mix and dissolve. Dorvault. equal parts. Rediuood. No. 2. R. Coal-tar naphtha, Oil of turpentine, Mix. No. 3. For Roaches and Ants. R. Arsenic, in powder, one part. Mashed potatoes, three parts. Mix. No. 4. For Roaches, Rats, Mice, Etc. R. Phosphorus, eight parts. Tepid water, } fc h d d Bye meal, >• X . , , . Butter, j and eighty parts. ADDENDA. 601 Sugar, one hundred and twenty-five parts. Liquefy the phosphorus in the tepid water in a bottle, and mix it in a mortar with the rye meal ; when cold, add the butter and sugar, and mix them all thoroughly to- gether. Gray. No. 5. For Flies, Etc. R. Rasped quassia, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Boil together for a few minutes, strain, and add Molasses, four fl. ounces. Mix. Dorvault. Cements. Diamond Cement. R. Isinglass, two drachms. Sprinkle it with water, and when soft, dis- solve it in the smallest possible quantity of proof spirit by a moderate heat. R. Mastich, one drachm. Rectified spirit, three fl. drachms. Dissolve. Mix the two solutions, and stir in one drachm of powdered ammoniac rub- bed down with a little water. Keep the cement in a bottle. When wanted for use, plunge the bottle in warm water to soften the cement, which is applied in thin layers on the fractured surfaces, and the pieces are to be held in firm contact till cool. Used for setting jewelry, mending china, etc. Lond. Ph. Jour. Cement for China and Stone-ware. Gelatin is allowed to swell in cold water, the jelly is warmed, and so much freshly- slaked lime is added as is necessary to thicken the mass. A thin coating of this cement is applied warm to the gently- heated surface, and the pieces are held to- gether under strong pressure. Heller. R. Whites of eggs, at will. Finely powdered quicklime, sufficient to thicken. Used for mending china, etc. ; but it does not resist moisture. R. Shellac, . at will. Alcohol, sufficient to form a liquid of the consistence of mo- This is an excellent cement. Cement for the Laboratory. R. Resin, five pounds. Dry red ochre, in fine powder, Wax, each, one pound. Plaster of Paris, two to four ounces. Melt the resin and wax, add the ochre, and, lastly, the plaster. Mix well together. Singer. Luting for Bottles, etc. Melt common resin and yellow wax to- gether, and add red ochre in small quanti- ties, and when of the proper consistence, boil for six or eight minutes ; add a small quantity of oil of turpentine, and stir well with a spatula. The proportions of the different constituents vary, the luting being more or less brittle, or elastic, as the ochre prevails. Francis. R. Flour, Whiting, each, ten parts. Common salt, one part. Mix and add sufficient water to make a paste. This is used by the distillers of spirituous liquors. Francis. R. Sal ammoniac, Whiting, Water, to form a paste. R equal parts, sufficient This forms a good lute. Francis. Common clay, Whiting, equal parts. Water, sufficient to form a paste. This lute will stand a high heat. Francis. Colors for Show-bottles. Blue. R. Sulphate of copper, Alum, each, Water, Sulphuric acid, Mix, and dissolve. R. Prussian blue, Oxalic acid, Water, Dissolve. one ounce. two pints. half an ounce. ten grains. twenty grains. one pint. R. A. Dissolve ammonio-sulphate of copper, and ammonio-nitrate of nickel (prepared by dissolving nickel in diluted nitric acid, and 602 ADDENDA, adding ammonia in excess), in water. B. Dissolve the sulphate of indigo in water. G. Dissolve Prussian blue in diluted muriatic acid, and dilute with water. Purple. R. Yerdigris, two drachms. Spirit of hartshorn, four ounces. Water, one pint and a half. Mix. R. Sulphate of copper, one ounce. Carbonate of ammonium, one ounce and a half. Water, two pints and a half. Mix. R. Infusion of logwood, Spirit of hartshorn, to produce the desired hue. Mix. two pints, sufficient Lilac. R. Add carbonate of ammonium to a solution of nitrate of cobalt, until the precipitate first formed is re- dissolved ; adding ammonio-sul- phate of copper to bring out the desired tint. R. Dissolve zaffre (impure oxide of cobalt) in muriatic acid, filter, and add carbonate of ammonium in excess ; to this add ammonio-sul- phate of copper, until the re- quired color is produced. Orange. R. Dissolve bichromate of potassium in water till the desired tint is ob- tained. A little sulphuric acid is sometimes added. Yellow. R. Bichromate of potassium, six drachms. Carbonate of potassium, four drachms. Water, sixteen ounces. Mix. Red. R. A. Color the spirit of hartshorn, or an aqueous solution of sal am- moniac, with cochineal. B. Add vinegar to red-beet liquor, or to red-cabbage liquor. C. Dissolve carmine in the solution of ammonia, and dilute with water. Green. R. A. Dissolve three ounces of verdi- gris in sulphuric acid, and add four pints of water. B. Dissolve one ounce of nickel in six ounces of nitric acid, and add five pints of water. (7. Dissolve ammonio-sulphate of copper in water, and add bichro- mate of potassium, until the re- quired color is produced. Dentifrice. No. 1. R. Powdered tormentilla, eighty parts. " orris root, forty parts. Cream of tartar, twenty parts. Fused chloride of calcium, four parts. Eeduce the chloride rapidly to powder, and mix it with the other ingredients. Hainault. No. 2. R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one ounce. i . ' I each, half rhatany L^ " orris root, ) Mix carefully. No. 3. R. Powdered Peruvian bark, " myrrh, each, half an ounce. " charcoal, two ounces. Mix. Depilatories. No. 1. R. Sulphuret of sodium, three parts. Quicklime, in powder, ten parts. Starch, ten parts. Mix. Rub a little of this powder with water, apply it to the part, and remove the hair in a minute or two with a wooden knife. F. Boudet. ADDENDA. 603 No. 2. B. To a strong solution of sulphuret of barium, add sufficient pow- dered starch to make a paste. It is used like the preceding. Redwood. Mixtures for Colored Fires. Red Fire. B. Dried nitrate of strontium, seventy-two parts. Sulphur, twenty partSo Gunpowder, eight parts. Coal dust, two parts. Mix. This mixture is liable to spontaneous explosion. Redivood. B. Chlorate of potassium, sixty-one parts. Sulphur, sixteen parts. Carbonate of strontium, twenty-three parts. Mix the powders with the hand. Marchand. Yellow Fire. B. Chlorate of potassium, sixty-one parts. Sulphur, sixteen parts. Dry carbonate of sodium, twenty-three parts. Mix. Marchand. B. Dried nitrate of sodium, seventy-four and a half parts. Sulphur, nineteen and a half parts. Charcoal, six parts. Mix. Gray. Blue Fire. B. Nitre, five parts. Sulphur, two parts. Metallic antimony, one part. Mix. Gray. B. Chlorate of potassium, sixty-one parts. Sulphur, sixteen parts. Strongly-calcined alum, twenty-three parts. Mix. Marchand. Green Fire. B. Chlorate of potassium, seventy-three parts. Sulphur, seventeen parts. Boracid acid, Mix. ten parts. Marchand. Violet Fire. B. Chlorate of potassium, sixty parts. Sulphur, sixteen parts. Carbonate of potassium, Alum, each, twelve parts. Mix. Marchand. "White Fire. B. Nitre, forty-six and a half parts. Sulphur, twenty-three parts. Gunpowder, twelve and a half parts. Zinc powder, eighteen parts. Mix. Gray. Liquid Glue. B. Glue, two pounds and a half. Water, two pints and a quarter. Dissolve in a water-bath, and add gradually Nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.32), seven ounces. Eeraove from the fire, and stand aside to cool. This glue keeps well, and is used for a variety of purposes. Dumouh'n. Marine Glue. B. Caoutchouc, two to four parts. Coal-tar naphtha, thirty-four parts. Mix, dissolve by heat, and add Powdered shellac, sixty-four parts. Heat gently, and stir till uniformly mixed ; then pour out on plates to harden. When used, it is necessary to heat the cement to 248° F. and apply it with a brush. The union made by this cement is very durable. Dorvault. Inks. Black Ink. B. Chipped logwood, twenty-two pounds. Boiling water, sufficient to yield fourteen gallons of filtered decoc- tion. When cold, add, very gradually, Yellow chromate of potassium, sufficient to obtain the required color. This ink does not corrode steel pens. Runge. 604 ADDENDA, B. Powdered extract of logwood, (avoir.) twelve ounces. Bichromate of potassium, half an ounce. Water, five gallons. Dissolve the ingredients separately in water, and mix them. In a short time the ink will be fit for use. W. H. Pile. Blue Ink. B. Triturate six parts of Prussian blue with a little water and one part of oxalic acid, and dilute with water. Mohr. B. Powdered Prussian blue, one ounce. Concentrated hydrochloric acid, one and a half fl. ounces. Mix in a glass bottle, and after thirty hours dissolve in water. Cooley. B. Dissolve indigo in sulphuric acid, and add water to produce the proper shade. As much potassa is to be added as the liquid will bear without dropping its color. Cooley. Red Ink. R. Pure carmine, twenty grains. Water of ammonia, three ounces. Dissolve, and add Powdered gum, eighteen grains. Mix. Where expense constitutes an objection, half a drachm of powdered drop-lake may be substituted for the powdered carmine. Buchner's Repert. B. Cochineal, powdered, one ounce. Hot water, eight fl. ounces. Digest, cool, and add Ammonia water, one fl. ounce. Water, three fl. ounces. Macerate for some days. Cooley. B. Brazilwood, four ounces. A linn, two ounces. Distilled water, two pints. Boil for fifteen minutes, and strain; then add Powdered gr. J to ^. Tincture, gtt. v to xx. Buchu, gr. xx to xxx. .Fluid Extract, ni, xv to xxx. Infusion, f^ij. Cahinca, 9j to 3j« Calamus, Infusion, f|j to ij. Powder, 9j to iij. Calcium, Bromide, grs. x to xxx. Chloride, solution, gtt. xx to xxx. Carbonate, grs. x to xxx. Hypophosphite, grs. ij to xv. Iodide, grs. ij to iij. Phosphate, 9j to jss. Calx. Lime water, f^ss to ij. Calendula, Extract, grs. ij to v. Calomel, as an alterative, gr. yL- to ^. as a purgative, grs. v to xij. Calotropis, Infusion, f5j to f*j. Powder, grs. iij to xx. Calumba, Powder, grs. x to xxx. Infusion, if ij. Tincture, f3j to iv. Extract, grs. j to v. fluid, tit, x to xxx. Camphora, grs. iij to x. Water, fjss to j. Tincture, gtt. v to xx. Monobromated, grs. ij to v. Canella, grs. x to 9j. Cannabis, Extract, gr. ^ to v. Tincture, gtt. x to xl. Cantharis, gr. \ to j. Tincture, gtt. xx to f3j. Capsicum, grs. v to x. Infusion, f^ss. Tincture, f3ss to ij. Carbo Animalis, grs. x to xx. Ligni, 3ss to j. Mineralis (Athracokali), grs. ij to iv. Cardamomum, Tincture, f3j to ij. Carota, Infusion, seeds, f^ij to iv. Carum, Spirit, f3j to ij. Caryophyllus, Powder, grs. v to x. Infusion, f^j to ij. Tincture, l'3j to ij. Oil, gtt. ij to v. Cascarilla Powder, 9j to 3ss. Infusion, f^j to ij. Extract, grs. x to xx. Tincture, fjj. POSOLOGICAL TABLE 619 Cassia Fistula, 3ij to oSS. Castanea, fluid extract, f3ss to j. Castoreum, grs. v to xx. Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 5ij. Catalpa, Decoction, f ^ij to iij. Catechu, grs. x to 9j. Infusion, comp. f ^j to iij. Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 5iij» Centaurea Benedicta, 9j to 5j- Infusion, f ^j to ij. Centaurium, extract, grs. v to xx. Cerium, oxalate, gr. j to iij. Cetraria, 5ss to j. Decoction, f ^ij. Cetrarine, grs. ij to v. Chelidonium, Extract, grs. v to xv. Chenopodium, Juice, f Jss. Oil, gtt. iv to x. Chimaphila, Decoction, f ^ij to iv. Extract, grs. x to xxx. Fluid extract, f 5ss to j. Chiretta, 9j. Infusion, f ^j to ij. Tincture, f3ss to ij. Chlorinium, Water, f*3j to iv. Chloroformum, gtt. v to xx. Cimicifuga, Decoction, f|j to ij. Fluid extract, n^x to xxx. Tincture, gtt. xx. Cinchona, Powder, 3ss to j. Extract, grs. x to xxx. Fluid extract, f3ss to j. Decoction, f ^j. Infusion, f ^ij. Tincture, f 3j to iv. compound, f 3j to iv. Cinchonia, grs. ij to x. Sulphate, gr. ij to x. Cinnamomum, Powder, grs. x to 9j. comp. grs. x to xxx. Oil, gtt. j to iij. Tincture, f 3j to iv. Water, f^ss. Codeia, grs. ss to ij. and Morphia, Muriate, gr. J to ^. Coffeina, gr. j to iij. Colchicum, Powder, grs. ij to viij. Extract, bulb, gr. j to ij. Fluid extract, nyj to x. Wine, root, gtt. x to xx. seeds, f 5j. Tincture, seeds, f 3ss to ij. Colocynthis, Powder, grs. v to x. Extract, gr. ss to j. comp. grs. v to xv. Conium, Powder, grs. iij to v. Conium, Extract, gr. j. to ij. alcoholic, gr. j to ij. Fluid extract of fruit, TT^iij to v. Tincture, gtt. xx to f 3j. Contrayerva, Powder, 3ss. Extract, 9j. Tincture, gtt. xxx to xl. Copaiba, grs. xx to 3j- Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 3J- Oil, gtt. x to xxx. Coptis, Powder, grs. x to xxx. Infusion, f,lss to ij. Tincture, f 3J to iij. Coriander, 9j to iij. Cornus, Powder, 9j to 3j- Fluid extract, f 5j. Creasotum, gtt. j to ij. Crocus, grs. x to xxx. Cubeba, Powder, grs. xx to 3iij» Tincture, f3j to ij. Oil, gtt. v to x. Oleoresin, rr^vto xx. Fluid extract, f3j. Cupri sulphas (as emetic), gr. j to iij. Cuprum Ammoniatum, gr. J to -J. Cypripeclium, grs. x to xx. Delphinium, Tincture, gtt. x to xx. Delphinia, gr. \ to J. Digitalis, Powder, gr. -J to iv. Extract, gr. ss to ij. Fluid extract, n\J to iv. Infusion, f ^ ss. Tincture, gtt. x to xx. Digitalinum, gr. ^ to ^. Diospyros, Infusion, f ^j. Dulcamara, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j« Decoction, f ^j to ij. Extract, grs. v to x. Fluid extract, f 3ss to j. Elaterium (common), gr. j to ij. Clutterbuck's, gr. J to 5. Elaterinum, gr. y 1 ^. Tincture, gtt. xx to xl. Emetia (impure), gr. T ^ to j. Syrup, f 3j. . Ergota, Powder, grs. x to xxx. Infusion, f Jj. Wine, f 3\j to iij. Tincture, gtt. xx to f 3j. Extract (Ergotine), gr. ij. Fluid extract, tt^x to xxx. Oil, gtt. xx to 1. Erigeron Annuum, Infusion, fgij to iv. 620 POSOLOGICAL TABLE Erigeron Canaclense, infusion, f ^ij to iv. Extract, grs. v to x. Oil, gtt. iv to x. Eupatorium, Powder, grs. xx to xxx. Infusion, f Jj. Euphorbia Corollata, Powder, grs. x. to xx. Ipecacuanha, Powder, grs. x to xv. Hypericifolia, Infusion, f ^ss to ij. Lathyris, Oil, gtt. iv to xij. Ferrum, Ammoniated, grs. iv to xij. Tincture, gtt. xl to f 3j. Ferri Pulvis, grs. ij to x. Ferrum, Acetate, gtt. x to xxv. Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 3j. Arseniate, gr. -^ to ^. Bromidum, gr. j to iij. Carbonate, grs. x to 3ij- Saccharine, grs. x to xx. Carburet, grs. v to xv. Chloride, gr. j to ij. Tincture, gtt. x to xxx. Citrate, grs. iv to viij. and Quinia, grs. v to x. and Strychnia, grs. ij to vj. Ferrocyanide, grs. iij to v. Iodide, grs. ij to iij. Syrup, gtt. x to f 3ss. Syrup (Lond.), f3ss to j. Lactate, grs. ij to iv. Malate, Extract, grs. v to 9j. Nitrate, Solution, gtt. vj to xij. Oxalate, gr. j to iij. Oxide, black, grs. v to xx. Red, grs. v to xv. Saccharated, grs. x to xx. Phosphate, grs. v to x. Pyrophosphate, grs. ij to x. Sulphate, grs. ij to v. dried, gr. j to iij. Tartrate, grs. v to x. Wine, f |j. Ammonio, grs. v. Tannate, grs. ij to iij. A\'ilcrianate, gr. j to ij. Wine, f.^ss to j. Filix Mas, 3j to ij. Oleoresin, grs. xv to xx. Frasera, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j. Infusion, fgj to ij. FuligO, Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 3j. Fuligokali, grs. ij to iij. Galbanum, grs. x to xx. Galla, Powder, grs. v to xxx. Infusion, f fj to ij. Tincture, f3j to iij. Syrup, f ^ss. Gambogia, gr. j to vj. Solution, alkaline, gtt. xv. Gaultheria, Oil, gtt. ij to x. Gelsemium, grs. iij to x. Fluid extract, n^ ij to v. Tincture, gtt. xx to xl. Gentiana, Powder, grs. x to xl. Extract, grs. x to 9j. Fluid extract, n^ x to xxx. Infusion, f3j. Tincture, comp., f 3j to ij. Geranium, grs. x to xxx. Extract, grs. x to xx. Fluid extract, n^x to xxx. Geoffroya, 9j to 5ss. Decoction, f^j to ij. Gillenia, grs. xx to xxx. Glycerina, f 5ss to ij. Gossypium, bark of root, 9j to ij. Fluid extract, ni, x to xxx. Granatum, Decoction (rind), f Jj. (bark), f ^ij to iv. Gratiola, Wine, f 3j. Guaiacum, Resin, grs. x to 9j. Wood, decoction, f^j to ij. Tincture, f 3j to ij. Ammoniated, f 3j to ij. Guarana, grs. x to xx. Haematoxylon, Infusion, f Jss to ij. Decoction, f^ss to ij. Extract, grs. x to xxx. Hedeoma, Oil, gtt. ij to x. Helleborus, Powder, grs. x to 9j. Extract, grs. v to xv. Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 3J- Hemidesmus, S3^rup, f 3J. Hippocastanum, Powder, 9j to iv. Humulus, Infusion, f .Ij to ij. Tincture, f 3J to iij. Hydrargyrum, with Antimon}', gr. j to iv. with Chalk, grs. v to 9j. with Mngnesia, grs. v to 9j. Blue pill, grs. v to x. Acetate, gr. j. Borate, grs. ij. Bromide, gr. j to v. Bi bromide, gr. ^ to T V Chloride, Corrosive, gr. T *g to \. Mild, as an alterative, gr. T y to*. POSOLOGTCAL TABLE, 621 Hydrargyrum, Chloride, Mild, as a purgative, grs. v to xij. Cyanide, gr. T \ to J. Iodide, Green, gr. 5 to j. Reel, gr. T V to T V Nitrate, gr. J to j. Oxide, Black, gr. j to ij. Red, gr. -J to j. Phosphate, gr. -J to j. Sulphate, gr. J to v. Sulphuret, Black, grs. v to x. Red, grs. x to xv. Tartrate, gr. j to ij. Hydrastis, grs. x to xx. Fluid extract, n^x to xx. Hyoscyamus, Powder, grs. ij to v. Extract, gr. j. Tincture, gtt. xx to f 5ss. Ignatia, Extract, gr. J to J Tincture, gtt. x to xv. Indigo, Powder, 9j to ij. Iodinium, gr. J to j. Tincture, gtt. x to xx. Compound tincture, gtt. xv to XXX. Lugol's Solution, gtt. v to x. Iodoform um, gr. j to iij. Ipecacuanha, Powder, as as Expecto- rant, gr.j to ij. as an Emetic, grs. xv to xxx. comp. grs. v to x. Fluid Extract, t^xv to xx. Syrup, f 5 j to ij. Wine,f3jtof£j. Jalapa, Powder, grs. x to xxx. comp., 5 SS to j. Extract, grs. v to x. alkaline, grs. iij to ix. Resin, grs. ij to v. Soap, grs. x to xv. Tincture, f 5j to ij. Juglans Cinerea, Extract, grs. v to xxx. Juniperus, Extract, 3j to iij. Infusion, f Jij to iv. Oil, gtt. iij to vj. Kamala, 3ss to ij. Kino, Powder, grs. x to xx. Tincture, f3ss to ij. Krameria, Powder, grs. xx to xxx. Extract, grs. x to xx. Infusion, f 3j to ij. Krameria, Syrup, f ^ss. Tincture, f3j to ij. Lactucarium, grs. iij. Syrup, f3ss to ij. Lauro-Cerasus, Water, f3ss to j. Leptandra, Powder, grs. xx to xxx. Liquidambar, Bark, Syrup, f^ss to j. Liriodendron, Powder, 5ss to ij. Infusion, f 5J to ij. Tincture, f 3j to ij. Lithium, Carbonate, grs. iij to vj. Citrate, grs. v to x. Lobelia, Powder, grs. v to x. Tincture, f 5ss to j. Vinegar, f5ss to j. Lupulina, grs. v to x. Fluid Extract, ttlv to x. Tincture, f 3j to ij. Macis, grs. x to 9j. Tincture, gtt. xxx to xl. Magnesia, 3j- Magnesium, Carbonate, 9j to 5j- Citrate, Solution, f |iv to xij. Phosphate, grs. x to xx. Sulphate, gj. Sulphuret, Syrup, f ,f ss. Magnolia, Powder, 3ss to j. Manganesium, Carbonate, grs. x to 3j. Chloride, grs. iv to x. Oxide, grs. ij to iv. Sulphate, 3ss to ij. Manna, ^ss to ij. Mannite, 3ij to ^ij. Marrubium, Extract, 9j to 3ss. Matico, Infusion, f Jj. Fluid extract, ni^x to xxx. Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 3j. Syrup, f 3j to ij. Matricaria, Syrup, f ^ss to j. Mentha Piperita, Oil, gtt. j to iij. Essence, gtt. x to xx. Water, f Jss. Mentha Viridis, Infusion, f^j to ij. Oil, gtt. ij. Menyanthes, Powder, grs. xx to xxx. Infusion, f |j to ij. Extract, grs. x to xv. Mezereum, Decoction, f ,^j to iv. Monarda, Oil, gtt. j to ij. Monesia, grs. ij to x. Syrup, f §ss. Morphia, gr. J to \. Acetate, gr. J to J. Bimeconate, gr, J. 622 POSOLOGICAL TABLE. Morphia, Muriate, gr. J- to -J. Sulphate, gr. J to ^. Moschus, grs. v to x. Tincture, gtt. xxx to f3j. Mucuna, Electuary, 5j to ij. Myrrha, grs. x to xxx. Tincture, f 5ss to j. Narcotina, grs. ij. Muriate, grs. ij to iv. Xux vomica, Powder, grs. iij to v. Extract, Alcoholic, gr. \ to ij. Aqueous, gr. j to iij. Tincture, gtt. v to xx. Oleum Animale Empyreumatic, gtt. v. to x. Cajuputi, gtt. ij to v. Morrhuse, f 3ss to ij. Olivae, f .Ij. Ricini, fgss to j. Terebinthinse, gtt. v to f 5j. Tiglii, gtt. ss to ij. Opium, gr. j. Confection, grs. x. Extract, gr. ss. Yinegar, Black drop, gtt. vij to x. Lancaster Black drop, gtt. vj to x. Houl ton's Black drop, gtt. xx. Rousseau's Black drop, gtt. iv. Porter's Black Drop, gtt. v to xx. Tincture, gtt. xxv. acetated, gtt. xx. deodorized, gtt. xxv. Smith's, gtt. iij to v. Ammoniated, f5ss to j. Camphorated, f 5j to iij. Swediaur's, gtt. v. Wine, gtt. xx. Opoponax, grs. x to xx. Pancreatin, Solution, f^ss to j. Papaver, Extract, grs. ij to v. Syrup, f3ij to f-jj. Pareira Brava, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j« Fluid Extract, f3ss to j. Infusion, f 3j to ij. Decoction, f Jj to ij. Extract, grs. x to xx. Tincture, gtt. 1 to lx. Paullinia, grs. x to xx. Pepsinum, Saccharated, grs. v to xv. Pel roleum, 3 S « to j. Petroselinum, Infusion, f,^ij to iv. Phloridzinum, grs. v. to xv. Phosphorus, gr. { \. Phosphorus, Oil, gtt. v to x. Physostigma, Powder, gr. j to v. Extract, gr. -^ to ^. Phytolacca, Powder, grs. x to xxx. Piper Nigrum, Confection, 3j to ij. Oleoresin, gtt. j to iij. Piperina, grs. ij to x. Piscidia Erythrina, Tincture, f 3j. Pix liquida, 3ss to j. Platini Bichloridum, gr. J to \. Plumbum, Acetate, gr. j to iv. Iodide, gr. J to j. Podophyllum, Powder, grs. x to xx. Extract, grs. v to xv. Resin, gr. J to j. Potassa, Solution, n^x to xv. Potassium, Acetate, 3ss to ij. Arsenite, solution, gtt. x. Arseniate, gr. T L. Bi-carbonate, gr. xv to xxx. Bisulphate, 3j to ij. Bitartrate, 3j to iv. Borate, gr. v to x. Boro-tartrate, 3ij to ^ss. Bromide, grs. v to xxx. Carbonate, grs. v to xx. Chlorate, grs. x to xx. Chloride, §j to ij. Citrate, 9j to iij. Solution, f ^ss. Cyanide, gr. J to j. Iodide, grs. ij to xv. Iodo-hydrargyrate, gr. T ^. Nitrate, grs. v to x. Silicate, grs. x to xv. Sulphate, $iv to v. Tartrate, 3j to 3j. and Ammonium, Tartrate, 3j- and Sodium, Tartrate, £ss to j. Prinos, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j« Decoction, f^ij. Prunus Yirginiana, Powder, grs. xxx to 3ij. Fluid Extract, f 3j. Infusion, f 3 i j . Syrup, f 3j to f Jj. Quassia, Infusion, f Jj. Extract, grs. ij to v. Tincture, f 5j to ij. Quercus, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j- Extract, grs. x to xx. Decoction, f 3ij to iij. Quinia, as a tonic, gr. j to ij. as an anti-intermittent, grs. viij to xx. POSOLOGICAL TABLE 623 Quinia, Amorphous, gr. j to iv. Acetate, gr. j to ij. Arsenite, gr. -J. Citrate, gr. j to ij. Ferrocyanate, gr. j to ij. Mercury and, Chloride, gr. J. Kinate, gr. j to ij. Lactate, gr. j to ij. Muriate, gr. j to ij. Sulphate, gr. j to ij. Valerianate, gr. j to ij. Rheum, Powder, grs. x to xxx. Roasted, grs. v to x. Infusion, f Jj to ij. Extract, grs. x to xx. Eluid, n^x to xxx. Syrup, f 3j to f sss. Aromatic, f 3j to f sss. Tincture, f 3j to f sss. and Senna, f 3J to f^ss. TVine, f 3j to iv. Rottlera, 3ss to ij. Rubia, Powder, §ss. Decoction, f sij. Rubus, Fluid extract, f 3ss to j. Syrup, f ^ss to j. Ruta, Powder, grs. x to xx. Oil, gtt. ij to iij. Sabadilla, Powder, grs. ij to v. Extract, gr. -J. Sabbatia, Infusion, f |ij to iv. Sabina, Powder, grs. x to xv. Oil, gtt. ij to v. Fluid Extract, tt^v to xv. Tincture, f3ss to j. Silicin, grs. iv to vj. Salvia, Infusion, f |ij to iv. Sanguinaria, Powder, grs. x to xx. Tincture, f 3ss to ij. Santonica, Powder, grs. x to lx. Oleoresin, grs. v to xv. Santonin, gr. ss to v. Sarsaparilla, Powder, 3ss to j. Decoction, f ^iv to vj. Extract, grs. x to xx. Fluid, f 3j. Syrup, f^ss to j. Compound, f .fss to j. Sassafras, Infusion, f ^j to ij. Oil, gtt. ij to v. Scammonium, Powder, grs. v to x. Confection, grs. xx to xxx. Resin, grs. iij to viij. Scilla, Powder, gr. j to ij. Scilla, syrup, f 5j. Compound, gtt. x to f 3j- Tincture, gtt. xx to xl. Extract, gr. ss to ij. Yinegar, f3ss to j. Oxymel, f 5j to ij. Scoparius, Infusion, f Jij to iv. Extract, 9j to 3j. Senega, Powder, grs. x to xx. Infusion, f §j to ij. Decoction, f^ss. Fluid extract, ni^x to xx. Syrup, f 3j to ij. Senna, Powder, 3ss to ij. Confection, 3U- Infusion, fgiv. Syrup, f5j to ij. Extract, fluid, f ^ss. Serpentaria, Powder, grs. x to xxx. Fluid extract, tt^x to xxx. Infusion, f sj to ij. Tincture, f 3j to ij. Simaruba, Infusion, f ^ij. Soda, solution, ni^x to xxx. Sodium Chloride, grs. x to sss. Arseniate, gr. -^ to §-. Bi-carbonate, grs. xv to xxx. Borate, grs. xx to xxx. Carbolate solution, grs. ij to v. Carbonate, grs. x to xx. Acetate, 9j to 5 1V - Hyposulphite, grs. x to 3j« Nitrate, gr. v to x. Phosphate, 3iv to ^j. Sulphate, ^ss to j. Tartrate, ^ss to j. and Potassium, Tartrate, 5U to Valerianate, grs. ij to v. Spigelia, Powder, 3j to ij. Infusion, f3iv to f *j. Comp. f ^j to ij. Extract, Fluid, 3j to £ss Spiraea, Decoction, f .Ij to ij. Extract, grs. v to 9j. Spongia, Burnt, 3J to ij. Stannum, Powder, ^ss. Chloride, grs. ij. Sulphuret, grs. x to xx. Oxide, grs. v to vj. Statice, grs. x to xxx. Stillingia, as an alterative, grs. iij to v. as an emetic, 9j to jss. Stramonium, Powder, grs. ij to iij. (seeds), gr. j. Extract (seeds), gr. J to J. 624 POSOLOGICAL TABLE. Stramonium, extract (leaves), gr. j. Tincture (seeds), gtt. xx to xxx. Strychnia, gr. T V to 1 \ r . Acetate, solution, gtt. v. Iodate, gr. |-. Sty rax, grs. x to xx. Succinum, Oil, gtt. v to xv. Tincture, gtt. xl to lx. Sulphur, Precipitated, 3ss to ij. Electuary, 5j to ij. Sulphuris Carburetum, gtt. ij to iij. Tabacum, Wine, t^x to xx. Tincture, n\,x to xx. Tanacetum, Extract, grs. v to 9j. Oil, gtt. j to ij. Taraxacum, Decoction, f ^j to iij. Extract, 9j to 3j- Fluid, f 3j. Terebinthina, grs. ij to v. Oil, gtt. v to i'3j. Testa praeparata, grs. x to xxx. Tolutanum, grs. x to xxx. Tincture, f 3j to ij. Syrup, f 3j to f Iss. Tormentilla, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j- Decoction, f gj to ij. Toxicodendron, Powder, gr. -J to ij. Extract, gr. j. Tussilago, Decoction, f J ij to iv. Syrup, f3j to f ^ss. Ulinus Campestris, Decoction, f ^ij to iv. Ulmus Fulva, Decoction, f ,siv to vj. Uva Ursi, Powder, 9j to 3j- Decoction, f Jj to ij. Extract, grs. v to xxx. Fluid extract, f 3ss to j. Valeriana, Powder, 3ss to j. Electuary, 3j to ij. Infusion, f *ij. Tincture, f 3j to iv. Amnion, f 3j to ij. Wine, f 5j to iv. Oil, gtt. ij to v. Extract, grs. ij to x. Fluid, f3ss to j. Vanilla, Powder, grs. v to x. Tincture, gtt. xxx to xl. Veratria, gr. T \ to J. Tincture, gtt. v to x. Yeratrum Album, Powder, gr. j to ij- Wine, ttlx. Tincture, ni^x. Yeratrum Yiride, Powder, gr. j. Tincture, f 3ss to j. Norwood's, gtt. viij. Wine, f5ss to j. Extract, gr. J to \. Yiola Odorata, Syrup, f 3j to ij. Wintera, Powder, 3ss to j. Zinci Oxidum, grs. ij to x. Chloriclum, Solution, gtt. v. Tincture, gtt. v. Cyanidum, gr. y 1 ^ to \. Ferrocyanidum, gr. j. Sulphas, gr. j to xxx. Solution, f ^ss. Yalerianas, gr. j to ij. Zingiber, Powder, grs. x to 9j. Tincture, f 3j to ij. Syrup, foss. Oleoresin, gr. j to ij. TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES WHICH DIFFER IN THE UNITED STATES, THE BRITISH, GERMAN, AND FRENCH PHARMACOPOEIAS. U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. Ph. Germ. Paris Codex. Herba absinthii, Absinthe com- Acacia, Acacias gummi, Gumma Arabi- mune. Gomme Arabi- Acetum destilla- tum, Acidum aceti- cum, Acidum arsenio- cum, Acetum purum, Acidum aceticum dilutum, Acidum arsenio- que. Yinaigre distille. Acide acetique. Acide arsenieux. Acidum aceti- cum, Acidum arsenio- sum, Acidum inuriati- cum, Acidum nitricum, Acidum nitro-mu- riaticum dilut- um. Acidum sulphuri- cum aromati- sum, Acidum hydro- chloricum, Acidum nitricum, Acidum nitro-hy- drochloricum dilutum, Acidum sulphuri- cum aromati- sum, Acidum hyclro- chloricum et hydrochlori- cum cruclum, Acidum nitricum, nitricum cru- dum, etfumans, Acide chlorhy- drique. Acide azotique. Tinctura aroma- tica acida, Elixir vitriolique. cum, Aconiti folia, Aconiti radix, Adeps, iEther fortior, Alcohol, Alcohol dilutum, Aloe barbaden- sis, Aloe capensis, Aloe socotrina, Althaea, cum, Aconiti folia, Aconiti radix, Adeps praepara- tus, iEther purus, Spiritus rectifi- catus, Spiritus tenuior, Aloe barbaden- * sis, Folia aconiti, Tubera aconiti, Adeps suillus, ^Ether, Spiritus, Feuilles d'aconit. Racine d'aconit. Axonge. Ether hydrique. Alcool. Aloes hepatique des Barbades. Aloe, vel aloe ca- pensis vel lu- cida, Aloe socotrina, Aloes sucotrin. Racine de gui- mauve. (625) Radix althaeas. 40 626 TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. U. S. Ph. A lumen, Aluminii et po- tassii sulphas, A lumen exsicca- tum, Ammonii ben- zoas, Ammonii carbo- nas, Ammonii chlori- dum, Brit. Ph. Alumen, Ph. Germ. Paris Codex. Amygdala amara, Amygdala dulcis, Angustura, Anthemis, Antimonii et po- tassii tartras, Antimonii oxy- sulphu return, Antimonii sulph- uretum, Antimonium sul- phuratum, Alumen exsicca- tum, Ammonia? ben- zoas, Ammonia? carbo- nas, Ammonii chlori- dum, Ammonia? phos- phas, Amygdala amara, Amygdala dulcis, Cusparia? cortex, Anthemidis flores, Antimonium tar- taratum, Antimonium ni- grum, Antimonium sul- phuratum, Aqua ammonia?, Liquor ammonia?, Aqua ammonia? fortior, Aquaaurantii flo- rum, Aqua amygdala? amara?, Aquachlorinii, Argenti nitras, Liquor ammonia? fortior, Aqua aurantii floris. Liquor clilori, Argenti nitras, Argenti nitras fusa, Atropia? sulphas, Atropia? sulphas, Aurantii amari Aurantii cortex, cortex, Barii chloridum, Benzoinum, IJisuiiillii nitras, Brayera, sub- Benzoinum, Bismuthi sub- nitras, Cusso, Alumen, Alun. Alumen ustum, Alun calcine*. Ammonium car- bonicum, Ammonium chlo- ratum, Ammonium phos- phoricum, Amj^gdala? ama- ra?, Amygdala? dul- ces, Flores chamomil- la? romana?, Tartarus stibia- tus. Stibium sulfura- tum rubeum, Stibium sulfura- tum la?vigatum, Stibium sulfura- tum auranti- acum, Liquor ammonii caustici, Aqua florum au- rantii, Aqua amygdala- rum amararum dilutum, Aqua chlorata, Argentum nitri- cum crystalli- satum, Argentum nitri- cum fusum, Atropinum sulfu- ric urn, Cortex fructus aurantii, Baryum turn, Benzoe, Bismuthum nitricum, Flores kosso, chlora- sub- Carbonate d'am- monique. Chlorure d'am- monium. Amandes ameres. Amandes douces. Angusture vraie. Camomille ro- maine. Tartre stibie. Sulfure d'anti- moine hydrate. Sulfure d'anti- moine. Ammoniaque liquide. Eau destillee de fleurs d'oranger. Eau destillee d' amandes am- eres. Eau chlore'e. Azotate d 'argent crystallise. Azotate d 'argent fondu. Sulfate d 'atro- pine. Chlorure de ba- ryum. Benjoin. Sous-azotate bismuth. Cousso. TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 627 U. S. Ph. Brominiam, Buchu, Cadmii sulphas, Calamus, Calcii carbonas praecipitata, Calcii phosphas praecipitata, Calx, Calx chlorinata, Calumba, Carbo ligni, Carum, Caryophyllus, Catechu, Ceratum cantha- j ridis, Ceratum plumbi subacetatis, Ceratum resinae, Ceratum sabinae, Cetraria, Charta canthari- des, Chiretta, Chloral, Chloroformum purificatum, Cinchona flava, Cinchona pallida, Cinchona rubra, Cinchoniae sul- phas, Cinnamomum, Coccus, Colchici radix, Brit. Ph. Bromum, Buchu folia, Ph. Germ. Bromum, Calcis carbonas praecipitata, Calcis phosphas, Calx, Calx chlorata, Calumbae radix, Carbo ligni, Carui fructus, Caryophyllum, Catechu palli- dum, Emplastrum can- tharidis, Unguentum plumbi subace- tatis composit- um, Unguentum resi- nae, Unguentum sabi- nae, Cetraria, Oharta epispas- tica, Chirata, Cadmium sulfuri- cum, Rhizoma calami, Calcaria carbon- ica praecipitata, Calcaria phos- phorica, Calcaria usta, Calcaria chlorata, Radix Colombo, Carbo pulveratus, Fructus carvi, Caryophylli, Catechu, Emplastrum can- tharidum ordi- narium, Unguentum plumbi, Unguentum basi- licum, Unguentum sa- binae, Lichen islandi- cus, Paris Codex. Brome. Bucco. Sulfate de cad- mium. Acore vrai. Carbonate de chaux. Phosphate de chaux. Chaux vive. Chlorure de chaux. Colombo. Charbon vegetal. Carvi. Girofle. Cachou. Emplatre ve*sica- toire. Cerat de saturne. Onguent cum. basili- Lichen d'Islande. Chloroformum, Cinchonse flavse cortex, Cinchonae pallidae cortex, Cinchonae rubrse cortex. Cinnamomi cor- tex, Coccus, Colchici cormus, Chloralum hydra- turn crystalli- satum, Chloroformium, Cortex chinae ca- lisayae, Cortex chinae fus- cus, Cortex chinae ru- ber, Cinchonium sul- furicum, Cortex cinnamo- mi cassiae et zeylanici, Coccionella, Hydrate de chlo- ral. Chloroforme. Quinquina jaune. Quinquina gris. Quinquina rouge. Sulfate de cincho- nine. Canelle de Chine et de Ceylon. Cochenille du no- pal. Bulbe de col- chique. 628 TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. Ph. Germ. Paris Codex. , Colchici semen, Colchici semina, Semen colchici, Semences de col- chique. Colocynthis, Colocyntkidis Fructus colocyn- Coloquinte. pulpa, thidis, Confectio opii, Confectio opii, Electuarium the- Elect u aire the'- riaca, riaque. Confectio rosas, Ormfpctio rosfp floTispvvp df rnsjp gallicse, rouge. | Confectio sennse, Confectio sennaa, Electuarium e Electuaire de sene j senna, compose. Copaiba, Copaiba, Balsamum copai- Copahu. Coriandrum, Coriandri fructus, V8e, Fructus coriandri, Coriandre. Cuprum ammo- Cuprum sulphur- niatum, icum ammonia- turn, Cupri subacetas, Aerugo, Acetate basique de cuivre. Decoctum sarsa- Decoctum sarsae Decoctum sarsa- Tisane de salse- parilise compo- compositum, parillae fortius pareille. situm, et mitius, Digitalis, Digitalis folia, Folia digitalis, Digitale pour- pree. Dulcamara, Dulcamara, Stipites dulcama- ra, Douce-amere. Emplastrum gal- Emplastrum gal- Emplastrum lith- Emplatre diachy- bani composi- bani, argyri composi- lon gomme. tum, tum, Emplastrum picis Emplastrum pi- Emplastrum picis Emplatre de poix burgundies, cis, irritans, de Bourgogne. Emplastrum picis Emplastrum cale- Emplastrum can- cum cantha- faciens, tharidum per- ride, petuum, Emplastrum Emplastrum Emplastrum li- Emplatre simple. plumbi, plumbi, thargyri sim- plex, Emplastrum sa- Emplastrum sa- Emplastrum sa- Emplatre de sa- ponis, ponis, ponatum, von. Ergota, Ergota, Sccale coruutum, Seigle ergote*. ! Extractum cin- chonae, Extractum China3 Extrait de quin- quina. fuscae, Extractum gly- Extractum gly- Succus liquiritiae Extrait de r6- cyrrhizae, cyrrhiza3, crudus et depu- ratus, glisse. Extractum hae- matoxyli, Extractum haema- toxyli, Extractum ligni campechiarii, Extractum kra- Extractum kra- Extractum ratan- Extrait de ratan- meriee, meriaB, hse, hia. Extractum nucis Extractum nucis Extractum Extrait de noix vomica', vomicae, strychni spiri- tuosum, vomique. Extractum pliy- Extractum phy- Extractum fabae Extrait de feves BOBtigmatis, sostigmatis, calabaricae, de calabar. TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES, 629 TJ. S. Ph. Extractum stra- monii foliorum, Extractum stra- monii seminis, Extractum cm- chouse fluidum, Extractum er- gotse fluidum, Extractum parei- rse fluidum, Extractum sarsa- parillse fluidum, Ferri chloridum, Ferri citras, Ferri et ammonii citras, Ferri et ammonii sulphas, Ferri et potassii tartras, Ferri lactas, Ferri oxidum hy- dratum, Ferri subcarbo- nas, Ferri phosphas, Ferri pyrophos- phas, Ferri sulphas, Ferri sulphas ex- siccata, Ficus, Filix mas, Fceuiculum, Gambogia, Gentiana, Glycerina, Glyceritum carbolici, acidi Brit. Ph. Extractum monii, stra- Extractum cin- chonas liquid- um, Extractum ergo- t38 liquidum, Extractum parei- rse liquidum, Extractum sarsse liquidum, Fel bovinum pu- rificatum, Ferri carbonas saccharata, Ferri et ammonise citras, Ferrum tartara- tum. Ferri peroxidum humidum, Ferri peroxidum Irydratum, Ferri phosphas, Ph. Germ. Extractum stra- monii, Ferri sulphas et granulata, Ferri sulphas ex- siccata, Ficus, Filix mas, Fceniculi fructus, Cambogia, Gentianse radix, Glycerinum, Glycerin um acidi carbolici, Fel tauri depura- tum siccum, Ferrum carboni- cum sacchara- tum, Ferrum sesqui- chloratum, Ferrum citricum oxy datum, Ferrum citricum ammoniatum, Ferrum sulphuri- cum oxydatum ammoniatum, Ferrum lacticum, Antidotum arsen- ici, Ferrum oxyda- tum fuscum, Ferrum phospho- ricum, Ferrum pyro- phosphoricum cum ammonio citrico, Ferrum sulphuri- cum purnm, Ferrum sulphuri- cum siccum, Caricse, Rhizoma filicis, Fructus fceniculi, Gutti, Radix gentianaa, Glycerinum, Paris Codex. Extrait de stra- moine. Extrait de se- mences de stra- moine. Fiel de boeuf. Perchlorure fer. cle Citrate de fer et d'ammoniaque. Tartrate de fer et de potasse. Lactate de fer. Sesquioxide fer humide. Sesquioxide fer hydrate. Phosphate de fer de de Pyrophosphate de fer citro-am- moniacal. Sulphate de fer. Sulphate de desseche. Figue. Fougere male. Fenouil. Gutte. Gentiane. Glycerine. fer 630 TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. IT. S. Ph. Glyceritum acidi gallici, Glyceritum acidi tannici, Glyceritum sodii boratis, Glycyrrlriza, Hsematoxylon, Hordeum, Humulus, Hydrargyri chlo- ridum corrosi- vum, Hydrargyri chlo- ridum mite, Hydrargyri iodi- dum rubrum, Hydrargyri iodi- dum viride, Hydrargyri oxi- dum flavum, Hydrargyri oxi- dum rubrum, Hydrargyri phuretum brum, Hydrargyrum ammoniatum sul- ru- Brit. Ph. Glycerin um acidi gallici, Glycerin um acidi tannici, Glycerinum amy- Glycerinum bo- racis, Glycyrrhizse ra- dix. Hsematoxyli lig- num, Hordeum decor- ticatum, Lupulus, Hydrargyri per- chloridum, Hydrargyri sub- cliloridum, Hydrargyri iocli- dum rubrum, Hydrargyri iodi- dum viride, Ph. Germ. Paris Codex. Hydrargyri dum rubrum, oxi- nydrargyrum ammoniatum, Infusum angus- Infusum angus- turae, turae, Infusum humuli, Infusum lupuli, Infusum lini com- ])ositum, Infusum rosa3 compositum, Infusum tabaci, Inula, lodinium, Infusum lini, Infusum acidum, Enema tabaci, rosae Unguentum gly- cerini, Glycere' de tan- nin. Glycere d 'ami- don. Radix liquiritiae Reglisse. glabrae et mun- data, « Lignum Campe- Bois de Campe- chianum, che. Orge perle. Houblon. Deutochlorure de mercure. Hydrargyrum bi- chloratum cor- rosivum, Hydrargyrum chloratum mite, et vapore paratum, Hydrargj^rum bi- iodatum ru- brum, Hydrargyrum iodatum fla- vum, Hydrargyrum oxydatum via humida para- tum, Hydrargyrum oxydatum ru- brum, Hydrargyrum sulfuratum ru- brum, Hydrargyrum prsecipitatum album, Protochlorure de mercure. Bi-iodure de mer- cure. Protoiodure de mercure. Peroxyde de mer- cure. Sulfure rouge de mercure. Tisane de hou- blon. Iodum, Radix helenu, Iodum, Aune'e. lode. TABLE OP PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 631 U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. Ph. Germ. Paris Codex. Iodoform urn, Iris florentina, Jalapa, Torlofonrn n m Iodoforme. Iris de Florence. Jalap. i.U\-LWlvI _J.--.L11.1-* Jalapa, JLl 'J-LXCiV/XJ-LCO J-J- HLlo» Tubera jalapse, Juniperus, Fructus juniperi, Genievre. Krameria, Kramerise radix, Radix ratanhse, Ratanhia. Lappa, Limonis cortex, Radix - bnvrlnnflp "R q ye] ft n p Limonis cortex, Cortex fructus citri, Semen lini, JJttl CLClllC Zeste de citron. Linum, Lini .semina, Semences cle lin. Lininientum am- Linimenturn am- Linimenturn am- Liniment ammo- monia?, monise, moniatum, niacal. Linimenturn cam- Linimentium cam- Oleum camphora- Huilp camphree. phorse, phorse, tum, Lini mpntnm pnm- Tjinimpntnm am- JLJ JLX-I.L 1 1 1 \sXX \J LI 1 1 I Vy(AlJ-X phorse compo- ■ J 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 \ . 1 1 1 J 1 4 1 1 1 CtlX-1 moniato-cam- situm, phoratum, Linimenturn sa- Linimenturn sa- Linimenturn Liniment savon- ponis, ponis, saponato-cam- phoratumliqui- dum, neux camphree. Liquor ammonii Liquor ammonise Liquor ammonii Acetate d'ammo- acetatis, acetatis, acetici, niaque liquide. _ Liquor antimonii Liquor stibii chlo- . — _____ chloridi, rati, Liquor arsenici Liquor arsenici ■ __ — __ chloridi, hydrochloricus, Liquor calcis, Liquor calcis, Aqua calcarise, Eau de chaux. Liquor ferri chlo- Liquor ferri per- Liquor ferri ses- Solution de per- ridi, chloridi, et for- tior, Liquor ferri per- quichlorati, chlorure de fer. Liquor ferri nitra- ____, _________ tis, nitratis, Liquor ferri ter- Liquor ferri per- Liquor ferri sul- sulphatis, sulphatis, furici oxydati, Liquor hyclrar- Liquor hydrar- ^itratp dp mpr- i.1 ItXCtlv ^IV jUAv^JL gyri nitratis, gyri nitratis acidus, cure liquide. Liquor iodinii Liquor iodi, compositus, Liquor plumbi Liquor plumbi Liquor plumbi Acetate de plomb subacetatis, subacetatis, subacetici, liquide. Liquor plumbi Liquor plumbi Aqua plumbi, et Eau de Goulard. subacetatis cli- dilutus, Aqua plumbi lutus, Goulardi, Liquor potassse, Liquor potassse, Liquor kali cau- Potasse caustique stici, liquide. Liquor potassii Liquor arseni- Liquor kali ar- Liqueur arseni- arsenitis, calis, senicosi, cale (Fowler). Liquor sodfe, Liquor sodse, Liquor natri cau- Soude caustique stici, liquide. Liquor soclse chlo- Liquor sodse Liquor natri chlo- Liqueur de La- rinatse, chloratse, rati, barraque. 632 TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES IT. S. Ph. Liquor sodii ar- seniatis, Lithii carbonas, Paris Codex. Liqueur . arseni- cale (Pearson). Carbonate de li- thine. Magnesia, Magnesii carbon- as, Magnesii sulphas, Manganesii oxi- dura nigrum, Maranta, Mastiche, Matico, Matricaria, Mel despumatum, Mel rosas, Mel sodii boratis, Mezereuin, Mistura assafce- tida, Morphia, Morphise acetas, Morphise murias, Morphise sulphas, Mucilago acacias, Myristica, Nux vomica, Olcoresina cube- baa, Oleoresina fdicis, Oleum amygdalae cxprcssum, Oleum bergamii, Brit. Ph. Ph. Germ. Liquor sodas ar- seniatis, Lit Mas carbonas, Lithium carboni- cum, Lotio hydrargyri Aqua phagedas- flava, nica, Lotio hydrargyri Aqua phagedas- nigra, nica nigra, Magnesia, et mag- Magnesia usta, Magnesie. nesia levis, Magnesias carbon- Magnesia car- Carbonate as et carbonas bonica, magnesie. levis, Magnesias sul- Magnesia sulfu phas, rica, Manganesii oxi- Manganum hy de dum nigrum, Mastiche, Maticas folia, peroxydatum, Amylum maran- tas, Mastix, Sulfate de mag- nesie. Oxyde de manga- nese. Mastic. Mel depuratum, Flores chamomil- las vulgaris, Mel depuratum, Mel rosatum, Mel boracis, Mezerei cortex, Enema assafoeti- das, Camomille com- mune. Mellite simple. Mellite de roses rouges. Cortex mezerei, Mdzereon. Morphinum, Morphias acetas, Morphinum aceti- cum, Morphias hydro- Morphinum hy- chloras, drochloricum, , Morphinum sul- furicum, Mucilago acacias, Mucilago gummi arabici, Myristica, Semen myristicas, Morphine. Acetate de mor- phine. Chlorhydrate de morphine. Sulfate de mor- phine. Nux vomica, Semen strychni, Noix vomique. Extractum cube- barum, Extractum filicis Extractum filicis, liquidum, Oleum amygda- Oleum amygdala- las, Oleum bergamot- tas, Oleum cajuputi, Oleum cajuputi, Oleum cajeputi, Huile de fougere male. Huile d'amandes douces. Huile volatile de bergamote. Huile volatile de cajeput. TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 633 IT. S. Ph. Oleum cari, Brit. Ph. Oleum carui, Ph. Germ. Oleum carvi, Oleum cinnamo- Oleum cinnamo- Oleum cinnamo- mi, Oleum limonis, mi, Oleum limonis, mi cassiae et zeylanici. Oleum citri, Paris Codex. Huile volatile de carvi. Huile volatile de canelle. Huile volatile de citron. Oleum mentkae Oleum menthse Oleum menthae Huile volatile de viridis, viridis, crispae, menthe crepue. Oleum morrhuae, Oleum morrhuae, Oleum jecoris Huile de foie de aselli, morue. Oleum myristicae Oleum myristicae, expressum, Oleum olivae, Oleum olivaa, Oleum theobro- Oleum 'theobro- Oleum cacao, mae, mae, Oleum crotonis, Ovi vitellus, Oleum olivarum, Huile d'olive. Beurre de cacao. Oleum tiglii, Ovum, Oleum crotonis, Huile de croton. Physostigma, Pilulae aloes, Faba calabarica, ferri, Pilulae antimonii Pilula hydrargyri compositae, subchloridi composita, Pilulae galbani Pilula assafoetida compositae, composita, Pilula ferri carbo- Pilula ferri carbo- Physostigmatis faba, Pilula aloes bar- badensis et so- cotrina, Pilula aloes et Pilulae aloeticae ferrata?, Feve de calabar. Pilules d'aloes. PilulaB ferri car- Pilules de carbo- natis, Piper, Plumbi acetas, natis, Piper nigrum, Plumbi acetas, bonici. nate ferreux. Poivre noir. Plumbum aceti- Acetate de plomb cum, crystallise. Plumbi carbonas, Plumbi carbonas, Cerussa, Carbonate de plomb. — Ce- ruse. Plumbum ioda- Iodure de plomb. turn, Lithargyrum, Litharge. Potassa caustica, Kali causticum Potasse cau- fusum, stique. Potassse acetas, Kali aceticum, Acetate de po- tasse. Potassii bicarbo- Potassae bicarbo- Kali bicarboni- Bicarbonate de nas, nas, cum, potasse. Potassii bitar- Potassae tartras Tartarus depura- Bitartrate de po- Plumbi iodidum, Plumbi iodidum, Plumbi oxidum, Plumbi oxidum, Potassa, Potassii acetas, tras. acida. tus, tasse. Potassii bromi- Potassii bromi- Kalium broma- Bromure de po- dum, dum, turn, tassium. Potassii carbonas Kali carbonicum Potasse impure. impurus, crudum, 634 TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. IT. S. Ph. Potassii carbo- nas, Potassii carbonas pura, Potassii chloras, Potassii ferrocya- nidum, Potassii iodidum. Brit. Ph. Ph. Germ. Potassse carbo- Kali carbonicum nas, depuratum, Kali carbonicum purum, Potassse chloras, Kali chloricum, Potassse prussias Kalium ferrocya- flava, natum, Potassii iodidum, Kalium iodatum, Paris Codex. Carbonate de po- tasse. Potassii nitras, Potassse nitras, Kali nitricum, Potassii perman- ganas, Potassii sulphas, Potassii sulphu- retum, Potassii tartras, Potassii et sodii tartras, Pulvis aromati- cus, Pulvis ipecacuan- has compositus, Pulvis rhei com- positus, Pulveres erferves- centes, Pulveres efferves- centes aperien- tes, Quercus alba et Q. tinctoria, Quinise sulphas, Resina, Rheum, Rottlera, Rosa centifolia, Rosagallica, Potassse perman- Kali hyperman- ganas, ganicum crys- tallisatum, Potassse sulphas, Kali sulfuricum, ' Kalium sulfura- Potassa sulphu- ^ rata, Potassse tartras, Soda tartarata, turn, Kalium sulfurat- um ad balneum. Kali tartaric um, Tartarus natro- natus, Pulvis cinnamo- Pulvis aromati- mi compositus, cus, Pulvis ipecacuan- Pulvis ipecacuan- has compositus, hse opiatus, Pulvis rhei com- Pulvis magnesise positus, cum rheo, — Pulvis aeropho- rus anglicus, Pulvis aeropho- rus laxans, Chlorate de po- tasse. Cj^anure de fer et de potassium. Iodure de potas- sium. Azotate de po- tasse. Pamanganate de potasse. Sulfate de po- tasse. Sulfure de po- tasse. Tartrate de po- tasse. Sel de seigrette. Poudre de Dower. Poudre gazeuse simple. Poudre gazifere purgative. Saccharum, Sambiicus, Santonica, Quercus cortex, Quinise sulphas, Resina, Rhei radix, Kamala, Rosse centifolise petal a, Rosse gallicse pe- tal a, Saccharum purifi- catura, Sambuci flores, Santonica, Cortex quercus, Ecorce de chene. Chininum sulfu- ricum, Colophonium, Radix rhei, Kamala, Flores rosse, Saccharum, Flores sambuci, Flores cinse. Sulfate de qui- nine. Colophane. Rhubarbe. Kamala. Rose a cent feu- illes. Rose rouge. Sucre. Fleurs de sureau. Semen contra. TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 635 U. S. Ph. Sapo, Sarsaparilla, Sassafras Scilla, Senegae, Senna, Serpentaria, Sinapis alba, Sioapis nigra, Soda, Soclii acetas, Brit. Ph. Sapo clurus, Sapo mollis, Ph. Germ. Paris Codex. (Sapo medicatus, ( Savon amygdalin. (Sapo oleaceus, (Savon blanc. Sapo viridis, Savon vert. Sarsae radix, Radix sarsaparil- Salsepareille. lae, Sassafras radix, Lignum sassa- Bois de sassafras. fras, Scilla, Bulbus scillae, Scille. Senegae radix, Radix senegae, Polygale de Yir- ginie. Senna Alexandri- Folia sennae, Sene. na et Indica, Radix serpenta- Serpentaire. riae, Serpentariae ra- dix, I Sinapis, Semen sinapis, Moutarde blanche noire. et Soda caustica, Sodse acetas, Sodii arsenias, Sodae arsenias, Soclii bicarbonas ) venalis, V Sodii bicarbonas, ) Supdii boras, Sodii carbonas, Sodae bicarbonas, Borax, Sodae carbonas, Natrum aceti- Acetate de soude. cum, Arseniate de soude. Natrum bicarbo- Bicarbonate de nicum, soude. Sodii carbonas Sodae Borax, Natrum carboni- cum crudum et purum, carbonas Natrum carboni- Borate de soude. Carbonate de soude. exsiccata, Sodii nitras, Sodii phosphas, Sodii sulphas, exsiccata, Sod 93 nitras, Sodse phosphas, Sodaa sulphas, cum siccum, Natrumnitricum, Azotatede soude. Natrum phospho- Phosphate de ricum, soude. Natrum sulfuri- Sulfate de soude. cum. Spiritus aetheris Spiritus aetheris, compositus, Spiritus phorae, cam- Spiritus phorae, cam- Spirit us reus, Spiritus phoratus, aethe- cam- Ether hydrique alcoolise. Alcoole de cam- phre concentre, et faible. Spiritus lavandu- lae compositus, Strychnia, Sty rax, Sulphur lotum, Sulphuris iodi- dum, Suppositoria plumbi et opii, Syrupus, Tinctura lavan- dulae compo- sita, Stiychnia, Styrax praepara- tus. Sulphuris iodi- dum, Suppositoria plumbi compo- sita, Syrupus, Strychninum, Styrax liquiclus, Sulfur depura- tum, Sulfur iodatum, Strychnine. Styrax liquide. Soufre lave. Iodure de soufre. Syrupus simplex, Sirop de sucre. 636 TABLE OP PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. Brit. Ph. U. S. Ph. Syrupus acacias, Syrupus fuscus, Taruarindus, Taraxacum, Tinctura aconiti radicis, Tinctura aloes et myrrhas, Tinctura ben- zoini, Tinctura canna- bis, Tinctura canthar- idis, Ph. Germ. Syrupus gummo- sus. Theriaca, Tamarindus, Taraxaci radix, Tinctura aconiti, Tinctura canna- bis indicas, Tinctura canthar- idis, Tinctura castorei, Tinctura castorei, < Tinctura cincho- nas, Tinctura cincho- nas composita, Tinctura colchici, Tinctura ferri chloridi, Tinctura gallas, Tinctura humuli, Tinctura iodinii, Tinctura krame- rias, Tinctura nucis vomicas, Tinctura opii, Tinctura opii camphorata, Trochisci gtycyr- rhizae ct opii, Trochisci sodii bi- carbonatis, Ungucntum, Tinctura cincho- nas flavse, Tinctura cincho- nas composita, Tinctura colchici seminum, Tincturi ferri per- chloridi, Tinctura gallas, Tinctura lupuli, Tinctura iodi, Tinctura krame- rias, Tinctura nucis vomica?, Tinctura opii, Tinctura cam- phorae compo- sita, Trochisci opii, Trochisci sodas bicarbonatis, Ungucntum sim- plex, Pulpa tamarindo- rum cruda et depurata, ( Radix taraxaci, •\ Radix taraxaci cum herba, Tinctura aconiti, Elixir proprieta- tis Paracelsi, Tinctura benzoes, Tinctura canna- bis indicas, Tinctura canthar- idum, Tinctura castorei canadensis, Tinctura castorei sibirici, Tinctura Chinas, Tinctura Chinas composita, Tinctura colchici, Tinctura ferri chlorati, Tinctura galla- rum, Tinctura iodi, Tinctura ratan- has, Tinctura strych- ni, Tinctura opii simplex, Tinctura opii ben- zoica. Trochisci natri bicarbonici, Paris Codex. Sirop de gomme. Melasse. Pissenlit. Teintured'aconit. Teinture de ben- join. Teinture de chan- vre indien. Teinture de can- tharides. Teinture de cas- toreum. Teinture de quin- quina. Teinture de se- ntences de col- chique. Teinture de noix de galle. Teinture de houb- lon. Teinture d'iode. Teinture de ra- tanhia. Teinture de noix vomique. Teinture d'opium. Teinture d 'opium camphree. Pastilles de carbonate soude. bi- de Ungucntum reum, ce- f Cdrat simple, (C£rat jaune. TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 637 IT. S. Ph. Unguentum anti- nionii, Unguentum aquae rosae, Unguentum ben- zoini, Unguentum can- tharidis, Unguentum hy- drargyri, Unguentum liy- drargyri am- nioniati, Unguentum hy- drargyri oxidi rubri et flavi, Unguentum iodi- nii coruposi- tum, Unguentum plumbi carbon- atis, Unguentum po- tassii iodidi, Unguentum sul- phuris, Unguentum zinci oxidi, TTva passa, Uva ursi, Yeratrum album, Veratrum viride, Yinum antimonii, Yinum colchici radicis, Yinum colchici seminis, Yinum opii, Yinum rhei, Yinum xericum, Zinci aeetas, Zinci carbonas praacipitata, Brit. Ph. Unguentum anti- monii tartarati, Ph. Germ. Unguentum tar- tari stibiati, Unguentum leni- ens, Paris Codex. Pommade stibiee. Cerat cosmetique. Adeps benzoatus, Unguentum can- tharidis, Unguentum hy- drargyri, Unguentum hy- drargyri am- moniati, Unguentum hy- drargyri oxidi rubri, Unguentum iodi, Unguentum plumbi carbon- atis, Unguentum po- tassii iodidi, Unguentum sul- phuris, U n guentum zinci , Uvse, Uva3 ursi folio, Unguentum can- tharidum, Unguentum hy- drargyri cine- reum, Unguentum hy- drargyri praB- cipitati albi, f Unguentum hy- drargyri ru- brum, Unguentum oph- thalmicum, Pommade mer- curielle. Pommade cle pre- cipite rouge. Unguentum ce- russse, Unguentum kalii iodati, Unguentum sul- fur at uni sim- plex, Unguentum zinci, Pommade de car- bonate de plomb. Pommade iodu- ree. Pommade sou- free. Pommade cl'ox- yde de zinc. Yeratri viridis radix, Yinum antimoni- ale, Yinum colchici, Folia uvse ursi, Bhizoma veratri, Busserole. Ellebore blanc. Yinum stibiatum, Yin antimonie. Yinum opii, Yinum rhei. Yinum xericum, Zinci aeetas, Zinci carbonas. Yinum colchici, ] Tinctura opii cro- Yin d'opium com- cata, pose. Tinctura rhei vi- Yin de rhubarbe. nosa, Yinum xerense, Zincum aceticum, Acetate de zinc. . Carbonate de zinc. Zinci chloridum, Zinci chloridum, Zincum chlora- Chlorure de zinc. turn, 638 TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES, U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. Ph. Germ. Paris Codex. Zinci oxidum, Zinci oxidum, Zincum oxyda- Oxyde de zinc. turn purum, Zinci oxidum ve- . Zincum oxyda- nale, turn venale, Zinci sulphas, Zinci sulphas, Zincum sulfuri- Sulfate de zinc. cum, Zinci valerianas, Zinci valerianas, Zincum valeriani- Valerianate de cum, zinc. Zingiber, Zingiber, Rhizoma zingi- Gingembre. beris, Note.— All the names in the Paris Codex are given in the French, in the other phar- macopoeias in the Latin language. OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS, INTERNAL REMEDIES. Powders. — These are of two kinds : simple and compound. The first are prepared by pulverization ; and the second by the mixture of two or more simple powders, except where one of the ingredients is employed to facilitate the more minute division of the others, as in the case of the powder of ipe- cacuanha and opium. Many of the most important articles used in this form are powdered by grinding and stamping, by persons who make it a special business. When this operation is performed by the apothecary or medical practitioner, it is most frequently accomplished by means of the pestle and mortar and the sieve : but in some cases, a stone slab and muller are required ; whilst in others, the article is merely rubbed through a sieve. Whenever a substance cannot be dried completely without an alteration of its properties, recourse must be had to an intermedium, by which the mois- ture may be absorbed, or its state of aggregation modified. Thus, sugar is the best intermedium in pulverizing vanilla or nutmeg. When camphor is to be pulverized, the addition of a small quantity of alcohol will much facili- tate the operation. In other cases, the intermedium should be of so hard a consistence as to assist in breaking down the substance to be pulverized ; thus, gold-leaf is best reduced to powder by rubbing it with sulphate of potassium, and afterwards removing this latter by means of water. The rules to be observed in the preparation of powders are : — 1. Operate, if possible, on perfectly dry articles, and in dry weather. 2. Adapt the nature of the mortar, and the mode of operating, to the nature of the substance : thus, woods and barks should be pulverized in an iron mortar ; sugar, alum, and nitre, in one of marble ; corrosive sublimate in one of glass. 3. The mortar should be provided with a cover to prevent particles from being forced out by the action of the pestle, and also to arrest the escape of the finer particles, which would otherwise be diffused through the atmosphere, causing a loss of the product, and an annoyance to the operator. 4. Separate, from time to time, by aid of a sieve, the pulverized portions, returning the coarser particles to the mortar ; and repeat this alternate pul- verization and sifting until the process is completed. Compound Powders. — 1. Each substance is to be pulverized separately, and the quantity ordered in the prescription then weighed off ; otherwise, the due proportions will not be maintained. 2. Pulverize soft substances with those which are the reverse, which will thus serve as an intermedium. 3. Pass all the substances through the same sieve, as this will render them more homogeneous, and will also prevent unnecessary loss. Some substances, however well dried, are reduced to powder with great difficulty by the usual modes of pulverization ; as, for instance, mix vomica and jalap, which require to be exposed to the steam of boiling water for some time, and then rapidly dried. ( 639 ) 640 POWDERS. Few articles, except those containing volatile constituents, are deteriorated in their properties by being pulverized. Some, on the contrary, become more active by this process, from their less active portions being separated ; for instance, the powder of ipecacuanha, if properly prepared, and the ligne- ous part rejected, is far stronger than the root — all the efficient properties existing in the cortical portion. Some other processes are employed to obtain certain powders : viz. Preci- pitation, elutriation, and granulation. Precipitation. — Tartar emetic is obtained in a perfectly fine powder, by precipitation from a concentrated aqueous solution by means of alcohol ; so, also, the precipitated carbonate of calcium is prepared by the action of a solution of carbonate of sodium on the solution of chloride of calcium. Elutriation. — This is a method by which the finer particles of a powder are separated from the coarser. It is performed by diffusing the powder through water, permitting the heavier portions to subside, then withdrawing the fluid, holding the finer particles in suspension, into another vessel, and allowing them to subside. This process is employed in making prepared chalk, etc. Granulation. — This is used to obtain certain metals in a finely divided state ; as zinc, tin, iron, etc. Zinc is granulated either coarsely or finely ; the first form is procured by melting the metal in an iron ladle, and pouring it slowly, in a fine stream, into cold water; the fine powder is obtained by rubbing the melted metal in an iron mortar. This metal loses its ductile properties at about 400°, and becomes so brittle as to be pulverized without difficulty. It does not melt, except at a temperature of tT3°, so that the melting is many degrees above its brittle point ; hence, by beginning the trituration at the melting point, it gradually reaches that at which it is most readily pulverized. The mortar should be thick and well heated before the fluid metal is poured into it. After being granulated, it should be properly sifted. The granulation of tin may be effected in the same manner ; but a more common mode is to pour the melted metal into a strong wooden box, pro- vided with a closely-fitting lid, and agitating till the tin is cold; by this means, it is rapidly converted into powder and small grains, which can be separated from each other by elutriation or sifting. Iron is granulated by filing, or by means of a pestle and mortar (see page 278); but the best means to procure metallic iron in a finely-divided state is by reducing it from the state of the carbonate by means of hydrogen gas (see page 2T8). Salts are likewise often granulated, either because, like sal ammoniac, they are very difficult to powder in the condition in which they are usually found in commerce, or, like nitrate of potassium and sulphate of iron, they are apt to retain much of the mother-liquor if crystallized, or the weighing of small quantities is facilitated, as in the case of nitrate of silver, or else they crys- tallize with difficulty, and are then very, deliquescent, like acetate and citrate of potassium. The granulation is effected by making a hot saturated solu- tion of the salt, filtering, if necessary, while hot, and stirring the filtered liquid frequently until quite cool. Deliquescent salts, or such as are very freely soluble in water, like nitrate of silver, must be obtained in solution in distilled water, which is then evaporated, and when the salt begins to sepa- rate, the syrupy liquid is continually stirred, heat being applied all the time, until finally a dry powder remains behind. The granulation of medicines has been proposed by Dr. Thomas Skinner, who describes the method of preparing the granules as follows (Amer. Journ. Pharm., 1862, p. .'524) :— The first step is to procure the material Of good quality. The powders U r\ PILLS AND BOLUSES. 641 need not be very fine in order to form granules, hence sifted ground powders ma}' be used. u 1. Making the Mass. — The powder, however obtained, is put into a wedge- wood mortar, and sufficient mucilage of gum Arabic is added to make a mass of so dry a consistence that it will readily crumble, and not be adhesive when rubbed against a coarse sieve, a condition soon learned b}^ practice. The powder may also be made into a stiff paste, rolled into flat thin cakes, dried at a low temperature, and coarsely powdered or bruised in a mortar. " 2. Granulating and Sifting. — The process requires three sieves of the sizes of twelve, fifteen, and twenty meshes to the linear inch, and these are to be fitted together like a drum sieve, the coarsest being at the top, the finest at the bottom. The mass is now rubbed through the top sieve with the open hand, the sieves are then shaken as in ordinary sifting. The second sieve will retain the larger granules, the lower sieve the finer, whilst the pulverulent particles pass through below, and may again be treated after being damped in the manner as before. When the mass is formed into cakes and bruised, it is sifted in the same way, the finest particles being worked over again. " 3. Drying, Coating, and Water-proofing the Granules. — The granules by the first process are spread on paper and occasionally stirred till dry, or if the process is not injurious to some ingredient they may be dried in a metallic pan subjected to a moderate heat, with constant stirring, or more speedily in a current of dry hot air with occasional stirring. When perfectly dry they are placed in a mortar, or capsule of convenient size, and a sufficient quantity of strong tincture of tolu (5iij to f |j) in which any flavor desired has been dissolved, and stirred until the entire mass of granules appear to be equally coated and gloss}^, when they are again subjected to the drying process with constant stirring. "Granules well prepared in this manner are compact, and to some extent insoluble in cold water ; a desideratum, as they may be conveniently admin- istered in that vehicle, without imparting to the w r ater the slightest taste, smell, or color. The proportion of gum in these granules on an average is one-sixteenth, and that of the tolu too small to estimate, so that in calcu- lating doses, but little abatement need be made for these excipients." Granular effervescing salts have been used for some years past, many being made now in imitation of the composition of celebrated mineral springs. The effervescence is produced by bicarbonate of sodium, and either tartaric or citric acid, or both. The ingredients are first thoroughly dried, powdered separately, and then mixed; one-third to one-half their weight of powdered sugar is added, and when the whole is well mixed together, a sufficient quan- tity of alcohol is added to produce a mass that will crumble, which is then rubbed lightly through a No. 8 sieve, and rapidly dried upon trays placed in a warm room, after which the fine powder is removed by a suitable sieve, or the powder and granules are separated by sieves of different degrees of fine- ness, so as to present a uniform appearance. If skilfully prepared, these granules are uniform in composition, and dissolve readily in water, forming a pleasant effervescing drink. Pills and Boluses. — Pills are small globular masses, of a semi-solid con- sistence, of the weight of half a grain to six grains, having as a base a powdery extract, etc., and rendered of the proper consistence by a syrup, pulp, etc. A bolus differs from a pill merely in being much larger, and generally less solid, weighing from six to twelve grains, and even more. No form of medicinal agents is more frequently employed than that of the pill ; not only because of the facility with which it is administered, and its 41 642 PILLS AND BOLUSES comparatively little taste, but because this form answers so excellent a pur- pose in the preservation of certain compounds. The article, or articles, to be administered in this mode, should first be formed into a consistent, moderately-firm mass — sufficiently plastic to admit of its being moulded into shape, without adhesion to the moulding instru- ment, and yet of so firm a consistence as to retain the form given to it. To accomplish this, the following rules must be attended to : — 1. All the constituents, which can be pulverized, must be reduced to the state of a fine powder, and then thoroughly mixed together. 2. If soft ingredients enter into the composition they must be triturated with the harder articles, which thus serve as an intermedium. 3. No deliquescent salt should enter into the composition of officinal pills; otherwise they will become altered and decomposed. 4. The nature of the excipient should be suited to that of the constituents: thus, syrups are to be used for most vegetable powders ; soap for fattyr mat- ters; calcined magnesia for copaiba and turpentine. In some cases, no excipient is required, as for most of the gum resins. Extracts can rarely be made into pills without the addition of some vegetable powder ; even if they are of a firm consistence, extracts are usually Irygroscopic, or part with the moisture contained in them so slowly, that pills made of such preparations alone will generally lose their globular shape when kept on hand for several Fig. 11. OOUNTKR. DUAWICR CONTAINING A PlLL-M AOH1NE. A. Pill-machine. 13. Pill-cutter. O. Roller. D. D. Sides of the drawer. days. Salts which are easily soluble dissolve in the water contained in the extracts, and if the latter be soft and are prescribed in sufficient quantity with 1 he former, the mass will liquefy, requiring then a considerable quantity of vegetable powder for forming a muss of good pilular consistence. Muci lage, whirli is often ordered in the formation of various pills, is only suitec to those which are to be used in a short time after they are made; but is noi PILLS AND BOLUSES. 643 Fig. 12. suited to such as are to be kept, because pills, into which it enters as an excipient, become so hard as to pass through the bowels almost unaltered. 5. The excipient 'should be gradually added, and the mass beaten and triturated till it is perfectly homogeneous. 6. When the pilular mass is properly made, the next operation consists in dividing it into pills of equal size, which is effected by dividing it with a spa- tula into morsels of the requisite weight, and rolling them between the fingers ; or, in a more effectual, rapid, and cleanly manner, by means of a pill-machine. (See fig. 11.) t. To prevent any adhesion of the pills after they are made, and to prevent any disagreeable taste, thej^ are, in most cases, covered with an inert powder : as, pow- dered liquorice-root, starch, orris-root, ly- copodium, and frequently with magnesia; but this latter is wholly un suited to some preparations — for instance, to pills of ca- lomel — as decomposition will be caused. In Europe, they are often coated with gold or silver leaf; but this plan is seldom adopted in this country. Where, from their nauseous taste, or other circum- stances, it becomes expedient to cover them, this is best done by means of gela- tin. Each pill, being stuck on the point of a thin wire, four or five inches in length, is dipped into a solution of gelatin (a, Eig. 12), so as to coat it completely ; and the wire is then inserted into a pin-cushion, or a vessel containing fine sand (Fig. 13), and left till the gelatin is firm, which occurs in about a quarter of an hour, when the pill can be transferred to a pan (Fig. 14) to dry. Pills may be coated with sugar by covering them first upon a slab with a thin film of mucilage of gum Arabic or tragacanth, and immediately afterwards transferring them to another tile containing very finely-powdered sugar, or an intimate mix- ture of sugar and some gum Arabic; by giving the pills a rotary motion, pressing slightly upon them, Fig. 13. "Water-bath, in which is placed the ves- sel, a, holding a solution of one part of gelatin in two parts of water, b. Waste pipe to carry off the steam, c. Gas bur- ner. the powder is made to adhere, and the coating will become dry if the rotary motion is continued for some minutes, in the presence of powdered sugar, upon a tile previously heated. The operation is more rapidly and uniformly per- formed by placing the pills previously moistened with mucilage in a hollow sphere containing; powdered sugar, Fig. 14. Coating Pills with Gelatin. Fig. 13. Vessel partly filled with sand, into which the pins holding the coated pills are stuck. Fig. 14. Pan for holding the partially-dried pills. and rotating it rapidly for a few minutes. To prevent the coating of sugar from becoming discolored, the pills should be previously dried, and put in a warm place after the coating has been effected. On a large scale, pills are covered with sugar by rotating them continuously with moist sugar or dense 64A EXTRACTS. syrup, gradually added, in a hemispherical capper dish, which is kept warm either by placing a suitable gas or other furnace beneath it, or by heating it with steam, until the moisture has evaporated and the covering of sugar has become smooth and glossy. Extracts. — This name is given to all products resulting from the evapo- ration of a solution, obtained by maceration, digestion, or decoction, or of an expressed juice. They are generally of a soft consistence, of a dark color, and of an odor and taste analogous to those of the substance from which they are derived. They have been classed according to the fluid employed in obtaining them ; as watery, alcoholic, hydro-alcoholic, ethereal, vinous, acetic, etc. Some, however, are made from the expressed juices of plants, without any intermedium. The great object, in selecting one or more of these menstrua, is to employ that which takes up the largest proportion of the active ingredients of the root, bark, etc. ; for the most advantageous sol- vent for one constituent may be wholly inefficient for others. Thus, alcohol is the proper menstruum for resinous substances, water for bitter extractive, vinegar or diluted acids for articles containing alkaloids, etc. ; but, in some cases, an extract, containing all the active properties of the drug, can be obtained only by a combination or a succession of different solvents. Extracts made by inspissating the expressed juices of plants have been considered to contain the active principles of the vegetable in a less altered form than by any other mode. But it has been shown that such is far from being the case, as, in some instances, the expressed juice does not contain the active constituents. Thus, in aconitum, much of the efficient principle is left in the residuum ; added to which, in some extracts made in this man- ner, the medicinal ingredients are destroyed, or much deteriorated, in the evaporation. This is obviated, in a great measure, by allowing the ex- pressed juice to evaporate spontaneously at ordinary temperatures, or by carrying on this process in vacuo. It has been found that extracts made by the latter method have more of the aroma and taste of the original article, keep better, and are more efficient. When inspissation of the natural juices of the plant is not practicable, a solution of the active ingredients is to be obtained by the use of certain menstrua — as water and alcohol — according to the substance to be acted upon. When the active principles are soluble in water, that fluid is often used as the vehicle of extraction ; when resinous, alcohol is to be employed ; when oleoresinous, ether will be found the best menstruum. When it is desired that all the principles soluble in the various menstrua should be reunited in the extract, the vegetable substance is first to be subjected to the action of one, and then to another, of the solvents ; and the solutions thus obtained are to be evaporated to a syrupy consist- ence, then mixed together, and properly inspissated. These solutions are obtained by maceration, digestion, infusion, and displacement. Decoction is seldom to be employed, as it affords extracts containing much inert mat- ter, and, of course, of inferior quality. Of late years the process of displace- ment has been much used in the formation of extracts, whatever the men- struum selected, as it affords a solution of the soluble principles in a much smaller quantity of fluid; and hence, prevents the injurious effects of too long ail exposure to heat in the subsequent evaporation. (Sec Tinctures.) With regard to the mode of evaporating extracts, much caution is re- quisite, as the various constituents of these bodies are very liable to undergo decomposition when exposed to the action of heat and atmospheric air. Sometimes the evaporation, especially of aqueous solutions, is performed over the naked fire; but this plan is liable to many objections, more par- ticularly towards the close of the operation, when a small excess of heat may cam e such a change in the character of the ingredients as to deprive EXTRACTS 645 Fiff. 15. "Water-bath. This is made of tinned-iron or copper, in such a manner as to leave a space between the two rings forming its wall, into which water can be intro- duced through the orifice a. The temperature of the water can be raised by a stove heat, or by the spirit lamp (represented beneath), above 212° F., by causing the mouth of the tube b to dip into a cup of mercury. Extracts made in them of all useful properties ; .and it is from this cause that extracts are some- times wholly worthless. Other and far better methods consist in the use of water and steam-baths (see Fig. 15), which prevent all danger of burning the extract. In the inspissation, when conducted in open vessels, it is of importance that the evaporation should be carried on rapidly, that the solution may be exposed to the action of the air for as short a time as possible. Evaporation in vacuo is always to be preferred, when practicable, as the process cannot onl} r be carried on at a lower tem- perature, but the deteriorating in- fluence of the air is avoided. The great objection is the additional ex- pense it entails on the operation. Spontaneous evaporation has also been successfully emploj^ed ; though necessarily slow, it affords excellent products. It is always advanta- geous to aid this process by employ- ing artificial heat to a certain de- gree, by conducting it in a drying room or warm closet, and by causing a current of dry air, heated to about 100°, to pass over the surface of the evaporating fluid, this manner keep well, not undergoing the spontaneous decomposition so detrimental to extracts in general. When alcoholic solutions are to be con- centrated, distillation should always be used, as not only can the alcohol be recovered, but, from the process being carried on out of the atmospheric air, one great source of injury to the product is avoided. The consistence of extracts varies according to their ingredients, and the purposes to which they are to be applied. In addition to the fluid extracts, properly so-called, three different degrees of consistence are recognized in the pharmacopoeias : one quite soft, so as to require considerable vegetable powder for making pills ; another sufficiently firm to require little or no vegetable powder for that purpose, and the third so hard as to be pulveriza- ble. These different forms of extracts are useful because of the readiness with which they can be formed into pills or powders, when prescribed. But, in many cases, extracts undergo a change, some becoming soft and others hard ; and one of the difficult parts of an apothecary's business is to keep these preparations of an uniform consistence. They should be preserved in bottles or glazed earthenware pots, protected as much as possible from the action of the air. Notwithstanding every precaution that can be taken, a diminution of activity will, sooner or later, take place ; hence, these pepara- tions should be examined from time to time, and, if necessary, be renewed. The safest plan is to renew those made from recent plants once a year. To facilitate the dispensing of narcotic extracts in powder, the German Pharmacopoeia directs them to be thoroughly mixed with some powdered dextrin in a warm porcelain dish ; the mixture is then exsiccated at a tem- perature not exceeding 122° F., and while still warm triturated into an uni- form powder with sufficient dextrin to make the weight of the powder equal to twice the weight of the extract employed. Of these powdered extracts the pharmacist dispenses double the quantity of the narcotic extract ordered by the physician. 646 CONFECTIONS, ETC. — SYRUPS. Confections, Conserves, Electuaries. — As there is no essential differ- ence in these preparations, they may be advantageously treated under one head. They are simple and compound : the first being merely a mixture of a recent vegetable substance and sugar, beaten into an uniform mass ; the second, of the same substances, but in greater numbers. In consequence of the greater simplicity of prescriptions, of late years, the number of prepa- rations of this kind have greatly diminished, and they are emploj'ed more as vehicles for other medicines than for their own remedial powers. The following rules are to be observed in their preparation and preservation : — 1. The powders to be incorporated are to be in a state of fine division, and the pulps used, perfectly homogeneous, and not too fluid. 2. The mixture should be intimate, and the consistence of the resulting mass should be solid enough to prevent a separation of the ingredients ; and yet sufficiently soft to allow of its being swallowed without being masticated. 3. If the mixture swells up, and gives off carbonic acid, it is to be well rubbed in a mortar, to break down any sugar that may have crystallized, and any hard lumps that may have formed, so as again to form an uniform mass. 4. They should be preserved in earthenware or porcelain pots, well covered, and kept in a moderately moist situation. Pulps are simple medicinal preparations, of a soft consistence, formed of the tissues of vegetable substances, or some of their thin parts ; they differ from extracts in containing insoluble as well as soluble principles. They are to be prepared by rubbing the fruit, or other articles from which they are made, through a wire sieve, so as to separate the vegetable fibre from the soft parts by which it is surrounded. When the fruit is hard or dry, it is to be softened b}^ means of boiling water, previous to expression through the sieve. The expressed pulp, if not sufficiently consistent, is to be pro- perly evaporated. Pulps are to be preserved in the same manner as confec- tions. Yery few of these preparations are now used in medicine. Syrups. — These are liquid, viscous medicines, consisting of a concentrated solution of sugar in aqueous fluids. All fluids susceptible of dissolving more than their weight of sugar can be formed into syrups. These s}-rups are of two kinds : simple and compound. Simple syrup is prepared by dissolving sugar in pure water ; and compound syrups are obtained by dissolving the sugar in solutions of various sub- stances, formed by infusion, decoction, expression, etc. All medicinal syrups are now made from refined sugar; the}^ require to be perfectly filtered, so as to be limpid, and they should have a certain viscidit}^ of consistence, and be capable of being preserved without entering into fermentation, or cr}'stalliza- tion. These latter properties depend on their not containing the proper proportion of sugar — an excess being deposited in a ciystalline form, and a deficiency causing the solution to run into fermentation. The best mode of ascertaining the proper point of concentration is by means of the specifie gravity at different temperatures. The specific gravit}^ of well-prepared simple syrup is, when boiling, about 1.261, and when cold 1.317; but the proper degree of concentration is more readily obtained by means of Baumd's hydrometer (sec; pages 34, 37). This should stand at about 30° in boiling syrup, and at 35° when it is cold. Other modes are also employed, which, although sufficiently accurate in the hands of an experienced operator, are not to l»e generally depended upon. They are derived from the degree of viscosity acquired by the syrup, as shown by the time required for the parts of a drop to re-unite, and by the length of the thread which a drop will pro- duce before detaching itself, when poured from a spoon or ladle. When the MELLITES. — INFUSIONS. G47 syrup, on cooling, presents a crystalline pellicle, it is a proof that the evapo- ration has been carried too far; but, when the sugar has been mixed with an acid, or when the process has been too much prolonged, the sugar loses its power of crystallization, however much the syrup is concentrated, and, there- fore, does not form a pellicle. Several officinal sj'rups are directed by the pharmacopoeias to be made without heat, by agitating the liquid with the sugar in the form of a gran- ular powder, and by a similar method, simple and other medicated syrups have been prepared. The sugar is placed in a suitable percolator, near the bottom of which a flannel strainer has been securely fastened ; the water or solution is now added and left in contact with the sugar for half an hour, after which time the liquid is drawn off drop by drop. With a proper arrangement of the apparatus, and the requisite care to make the liquid per- colate slowly through the column of sugar, a good dense syrup will be obtained. Should some of the sugar have escaped solution, the last portions of the syrup will generally be found of less density, and should be returned to the percolator until all the sugar is dissolved, after which the different portions of the syrup should be thorough^ mixed together. The compound syrups, if kept any time, are liable to various alterations, depending on their nature, and the degree of care used in their preparation. Thus, the acid syrups, as the syrup of lemons, when too concentrated, deposit a copious white precipitate ; and in some cases, solidify entirely. By heating them, they again become liquid ; but again let fall a precipitate on cooling. This deposit is analogous to grape sugar, and is caused by the action of the acid on the sugar. When the sugar bears too small a proportion to the liquid, syrups are apt to run into fermentation. Even when the sugar is in proper proportion, this change often takes place if the solution contains much amylaceous or extractive vegetable matter. Even when too much con- centrated, they may also undergo this change, from part of the sugar being deposited in a crystalline state ; and the crystal, attracting the sugar neces- sary to the perservation of the syrup, reduces its strength, and renders it liable to the same change as though it was originally too weak. Syrups, especially those containing the juices of fruits, should be bottled whilst hot, and, when cold, well stopped and sealed ; and these, as well as all other kinds, should be kept in a temperature not exceeding 60° F. Vari- ous plans have been devised to preserve syrups ; but the best is to prepare them only in such quantities as will be used within a short time. The addi- tion of chlorate of potassium, as advised by Maculloch, and of sugar of milk, as advised by Chereau, has proved useful ; Durancl recommended to add to each pint of syrup about one drachm of Hoffmann's anodyne, which appears to have the property of arresting or preventing any tendency to fermentation ; and Mr. J. B. Moore has latety suggested to replace a portion of the sugar by glycerin equal to one-fourth the bulk of the finished syrup. Mellites, or Honeys, are liquid, viscous medicines, somewhat analogous to syrups, but in which the sugar is replaced by honey. Like syrups, they may be divided into simple and compound, or medicated. Their prepara- tion, medical properties, modes of administration and preservation, are very similar to those of the syrups, and do not, therefore, require further notice. Though formerly much used, they are now seldom prescribed, as they are often found to disagree with the stomach, especially if made with the honey of commerce in an unpurified state. Infusions are aqueous solutions, made by treating vegetable products with cold or hot water, but never carried to ebullition. They are seldom made by the apothecary, who merely furnishes the medicinal ingredients; 648 DECOCTIONS. — TOCTUEES. whilst the preparation is usually confided to the nurse or other attendant on the patient. This plan, although more economical than when the prepara- tion is compounded by the apothecary, often renders the prescription of the physician of little avail, from the infusion being erroneously made. They are generally prepared by pouring boiling water on the ingredients, and ma- cerating in a tightly-covered vessel until the liquid cools ; or the vessel is kept for some time at a low heat before a. fire. In most cases, an infusion should be strained or filtered before being used ; but, in general, nurses are content merety to decant them for use. The vessels, in which infusions are made, are usually of stone or earthenware, and polished metallic vessels may be used, provided they are not acted upon by the infusion. Infusions are mostly made for extemporaneous use, as they are exceedingly liable to decomposition, and consequently cannot be kept long without spoiling. They may, however, be preserved for some time by pouring them, whilst hot, into bottles so as to fill them, and forcing in stout corks. If the opera- tion be properly performed so as to perfectly exclude the air, the infusion will keep for some months. An infusion made with cold water, by the pro- cess of displacement, has less tendency to spoil than one made in the usual manner with hot water. Decoctions differ from infusions in the circumstance that the substance to be acted upon is subjected to the solvent action of the menstruum at its boiling point, and continued for a longer or shorter period, according to the solubility of the substance, or its constituents. By decoction, all the principles soluble in water can be obtained ; and even many substances not properly soluble in that fluid are diffused through it, and held in suspen- sion. On the other hand, many substances are injured or destroj^ed by decoction, especially when their active principles are volatile, and when, during ebullition, chemical changes take place, by which the active constitu- ents are rendered insoluble, or are decomposed. In fact, protracted ebulli- tion is seldom required since the process of displacement has become known, as it has been found that water at a common temperature, by this method, will exhaust most vegetable substances more effectually than the same fluid at 212° by decoction. There are some exceptions; as all emulsive prepara- tions, and certain gummy solutions, require ebullition. As in the case of infusions, decoctions are only made extemporaneously, for they readily decompose by keeping. They should be prepared in closed vessels, and generally in those of earthenware. Copper vessels should be used with great care, as many vegetable decoctions corrode them, especially if per- mitted to cool in them. Iron vessels are not to be employed when the decoc- tion contains tannin or gallic acid. Zinc is very rapidly acted upon by many vegetable substances, and should, therefore, be avoided. In all cases, the vessels employed should be deep and narrow, rather than broad and shal- low, to obviate as much as possible the influence of the air on the product. Tinctures are solutions of vegetable, animal, and, in some cases, of mineral substances in spirituous fluids. The spirit employed is alcohol, either diluted or undiluted, either pure or medicated ; and, in some cases, ether. The form of tincture. is one much used in pharmacy: it presents the active principles of drugs in a small volume; it can be preserved in an un- altered slate for a long time; and is, in most cases, well adapted to unite with other substances in extemporaneous prescriptions. Tinctures are made by maceration, or by displacement. Maceration is an operation in which, by the action of a fluid at common temperatures, continued for a certain length of time, a solution of the princi- ples of an organic substance in that fluid is obtained. As before stated, in TINCTURES. 649 making tinctures, the strength of the spirituous menstruum employed is varied according to circumstances. If the substance to be acted upon is resinous, alcohol is to be employed ; if it contains also matters soluble in water, and insoluble in pure alcohol, this article, in a diluted state, is to be used. The period of maceration varies from a few hours to several weeks ; and, during the process, the vessel in which it is performed should be kept closed, to prevent evaporation. When the spirit has remained upon the substance for the directed period, it should be decanted, instead of being left, as is too often the case, standing on the dregs until it is used. This practice is erroneous, and may be attended with evil consequences ; for the characters and properties of a tincture which has been suffered to remain too long in contact with the solid ingredients, will often be found to differ con- siderably from what they would have been if the process had been terminated at the indicated time. When a tincture is made by maceration, it requires to be filtered, after being separated from the dregs ; otherwise, it will be turbid, and deposit much insoluble matter on standing. Displacement. — This process is of comparatively late introduction in the making of tinctures, etc. For a great proportion of these preparations, it is decidedly to be preferred to maceration ; but for others it has not proved so satisfactory. Mohr and Redwood observe, on this point : — " When tinctures are made in large quantities, displacement is never likely to supersede maceration, on account of any practical advantages it ma} 7- possess. If the prescribed directions be duly attended to, the process of maceration is unexceptionable. The process is more simple than the other; the mode of operating is more uniform, it is, in fact, always the same ; it requires less of skill and dexterity in conducting it ; it requires less constant attention during its progress, which, in operating on large quantities, is a consideration ; and, finally, the apparatus required is less complicated. " When only small quantities of tincture are made at a time, and kept in stock, the adoption of the process of displacement will often be found con- venient and advantageous. It offers the means of making a tincture in two or three hours, which, by the other process, would require as many weeks. The process being thus completed in so short a time (for the quantity con- templated might be made at one operation), it would not be so likety as the other to experience neglect during the performance of it, or a deviation from the prescribed instructions ; the product would, therefore, be more uniform. Finally, in many cases, the tincture and spirit may be removed from the dregs more completely, in operating on small quantities, by this process, than by the other." These remarks are scarcely applicable now to this country, where the process of percolation has been found to possess many advantages if prop- erly conducted, even on a very extensive scale. The United States Phar- macopoeia contains the following observations and practical details of the process, which will always insure an unobjectionable product : — " The kind of filtration known as percolation or the process of dis- placement, directed in this Pharmacopoeia, consists in subjecting a sub- stance or substances, in powder, contained in a vessel called a percolator, to the solvent action of successive portions of a menstruum, in such a man- ner that the liquid, as it traverses the powder in its descent to the recipient, shall become charged with the soluble portion of it, and pass from the per- colator free from insoluble matter. " When the process is successfully conducted, the first portion of the filtered liquid, or percolate, will be nearly saturated with the soluble con- stituents of the substance treated ; and, if the quantity of menstruum be sufficient for its exhaustion, the last portion will be nearly destitute of color, odor, and taste. 650 TINCTURES, " The percolator should be either conical or nearlj' cylindrical, with a conical termination at the smaller end, and provided internally with a porous or colander-like partition or diaphragm, resting transversely immediately VARIOUS FORMS OF DISPLACEMENT APPARATUS. Fig. 16. Fig. 20. Fig. 21. Fig. 22. Displacement Appa- ratus. Displacer for Glass Dis- Glass Dis- Continuous Volatile placer. placer. Displacement. Liquids. Fig. 16. Apparatus for tinctures. A. The glass adapter, closed by a dia- phragm at the lower end, on which is placed some clean sand. The adapter is fitted by a perforated cork into the mouth of the bottle B. C is a tube drawn to a capillary point to permit the escape of air. Fig. 19. A is an ordinary tin percolator having the rim c soldered around it, to form a water-joint when the lid d is placed in it. a is a perforated diaphragm, and e a tin tube, through which the atmosphere of the bottle B communicates with that above. Figs. 20 and 21. Common glass chimneys with muslin diaphragms across the lower end. Fig. 22 shows an arrangement for continuous displacement. Whenever the fluid in the percolator Binks below the mouth of the inverted bottle, the contents of the latter will run out and maintain the supply. above its neck, for the support of the powder. Ordinary glass funnels, varying in capacity from one to eight pints, are to be preferred for most of the operations requiring percolation in this Pharmacopoeia ; but percolators may also be made of earthenware or tinned iron, especially of the latter material, when required of largo size. Tinned iron, however, should not be used when the liquid acts chemically on the material. In the several formulas in which percolators are used, their form and material will always })(■ designated, when there is a preference in these respects. In cases in which these variations of the instrument are indifferent, the term percolator simply will be employed. When a, funnel is used, a circular piece of muslin or of lint, pressed into the ueck by means of a cork with notched sides, forms a good diaphragm; but in all cases a similar piece of muslin, moistened slightly with the menstruum, should be interposed between the diaphragm and the powder, to prevent the passage of the line particles of the latter. TINCTURES. 651 " The substance to be subjected to percolation, after having been reduced by sifting to a uniform powder, of the fineness indicated in the formula, is to be put into a basin with the specified quantity of the menstruum, and the two rubbed together until the powder is uniformly moistened. Fig. 23. Fig. 24. Fig. 25. Section of a Funnel DlSPLACER. Cylindrical Glass Perco- lator. Glass Percolator with Siphon. Fig. 23 shows an ornamental glass displacer, designed by Dr. Squibb, which appears to be par- ticularly adapted for tinctures. In the bottom of the percolator a is placed a flat disk of flannel 6 ; the glass well-tube e is surrounded at its base by a close-fitting disk of flannel c, and this is covered by a disk of filtering paper d ; upon this the material h is packed in coarse or fine powder, and covered by a piece of muslin i. The glass siphon /is inserted in the well-tube, and held in position by rubber disks or stoppers g and k. After the material has been sufficiently macerated with the menstruum, the siphon is started by suction at the turned-up end, and the flowot the liquid, to be collected in the receiver I, is regulated by raising or lowering the siphon, lhe per- colator is covered by the rubber disk./. Fig. 24 is a funnel displacer or conical percolator, the section of which should form an equilateral triangle. Fig. 25. A cylindrical glass percolator, adapted for astringent and other drugs which cannot be exhausted in metallic percolators. The diaphragm may be replaced in the funnel and cylinder by a plug of carded cotton inserted in the neck, and if the material is to be macerated in the perco- lator, the lower orifice is closed by a cork, and the top covered by a disk of rubber. Percolators of this kind are made of different dimensions ; the above represents a syringe pattern displacer, which is suitable for small operations. "A portion of the powder is now to be carefully placed upon the dia- phragm, prepared as above directed, and pressed gently until the muslin, resting against the sides of the percolator just above the neck, is covered with a uniform layer. The remainder of the powder is then to be trans- C52 TINCTURES. ferred to the percolator, and compressed eventy and firmly, and the levelled surface covered with a circular piece of moistened'muslin or paper, so that the liquid poured upon it may penetrate equably, and not disarrange the powder. " The percolator being now properly supported, with its neck in a bottle previously marked for the quantity or quantities of liquid to be percolated, the menstruum is to be poured on, until the space above is nearly filled ; and a layer of it must be constantly maintained above the powder, so as to pre- vent the access of air to its interstices, until all has been added, or until the requisite quantity of percolate has been obtained. " If the fineness of the powder and its arrangement in the percolator have been properly attended to, the percolate will pass out by drops, with greater or less rapidity, according to the size of the percolator; but if, by reason of accidental imperfection in the powder or in the packing, the liquid pass more rapidly than this, the neck of the percolator should be obstructed by means of a cork until the requisite slowness has been attained. " When the dregs of a tincture are to be subjected to percolation after maceration with the menstruum, the liquid portion should be drained off, the solid portion packed in a percolator, as before described, and the liquid gradually poured on until all has passed the surface, when immediately a sufficient quantity of the original menstruum should be poured on to dis- place the absorbed liquid, until the prescribed quantity of the tincture has been obtained." When operating on larger quantities of material, or when the object is to obtain the percolate in as concentrated a state as possible, particular atten- tion must be paid, 1, to the uniform degree of fineness of the powder, 2, to moisten it uniformly with a portion of the menstruum, so as to scarcely destroy its pulverulent condition, and 3, to pack the dampened powder uni- formly in the apparatus. The degree of pressure necessary for packing different material is to be learned from experience in each case. It may be observed, however, that all powders require much firmer packing in conical than in cylindrical percolators, and powders which are obtained from ligneous tissues mainly must be packed very firmly in all cases, while powders which imbibe the liquid freely, or are liable to much swelling, require a lighter pressure in packing than the former. If the powder is to be macerated with the menstruum previous to percolation, it should be packed carefully, as directed above, then the necessary quantity of the menstruum is poured upon it, and when the liquid has disappeared from the surface, or if it should commence to drop, the lower orifice of the percolator is closed with a cork, or by means of a stopcock, and the top is covered with a plate of glass or disk of rubber to prevent evaporation. After the maceration has been com- pleted, the lower orifice is opened, more menstruum is added, and the per- colation finished in the usual manner. That the dampened powder has been property packed may be readily observed in a glass percolator after the menstruum has been poured on ; it should then descend slowly but uniformly on all sides. If it descends more rapidly on one side, or in irregular lines, the. powder is either not uniform, or it has not been property dampened or properly packed, or these three conditions have not been well attended to, and the process will, therefore, be a failure to a greater or less degree, in proportion to the deviation from the rules laid down above. In some operations, especially those on the large scale, it is found useful to promote the displacement by pressure. This may be produced simply by supplying the solvent through a tube several feet high, adapted to the upper end of the cylinder, and terminating at the top in a funnel. A still better method, :is involving the use of less spirit, consists in the use of com- pressed air. By means of a condensing syringe, or a column of water or TIXCTURES. 653 mereuiy in a tube, air is condensed in the bottle below; and, when the ma- terial and spirit have been introduced into the percolator, the top is tightly secured by a screw, and the compressed air admitted by a stopcock. This method answers excellently on the small scale with a column of mercury. Resinous and other substances which are almost entirely soluble in the alcoholic menstruum, present some difficulties by obstructing the passage of the liquid. Tinctures of such substances are best prepared by maceration, or, if percolation is preferred, the material is to be reduced to a uniform powder, and this mixed with at least an equal bulk of fine, well-washed sand, when the soluble portion is readily exhausted by percolation. The solution which first passes through in this process is alwa} T s in a state of high concentration. In general it is a simple solution of the soluble in- gredients of the crude drug in the fluid employed. But sometimes the solvent, if compound, is resolved into its component parts ; and the fluid which passes through is only one of these, holding the soluble parts of the drug in solution. Thus, if diluted alcohol be poured over the powder of myrrh, in the cylinder, the fluid which first drops into the receiver is a solu- tion of oily consistence, composed of resin and volatile oil dissolved in alcohol. And if powder of galls be acted on in like manner by aqueous sulphuric ether, two layers of fluid are obtained — a highly concentrated solu- tion of tannin in the water of the ether, and a weak solution of the same principle in pure ether. Displacement is accomplished, in the manner here described, with little or no intermixture of the liquid above, with that which is below, in the pulpy mass. If, after the pulp has been allowed to drain till drops cease to fall, the quantity of spirit retained by it be ascertained — that is, by subtracting what has dropped from what has been used to make the pulp — and the same quantity be poured gently over the mass, repeatedly, as soon as the dropping caused by each successive addition ceases, a series of liquids will be obtained by the simple displacement of one another in the pulp ; and most of the spirit used may be obtained by pouring over the pulp the same quantity of water. Hence, one of the many advantages possessed by this method of making tinctures, over the ordinary mode by maceration and expression, is that no part of the tincture is lost by being left behind in the residuum. Even when a strict attention is paid to the prescribed formula, the result- ing tinctures may be found to vary in medicinal strength ; for any variation in the activity of the drug will influence the tincture. These preparations, although retaining their properties better than other vegetable solutions, will gradually undergo changes, from age and exposure, either losing their color, depositing insoluble matter, or, in some cases, as in that of the tincture of kino, becoming less astringent, and gradually gelatinizing, particularly if a weak alcohol has been emploj r ed. Reper -eolation or fractional percolation is a rather complicated adaptation of the process just described, and its object is to avoid evaporation in the preparation of fluid extracts. It is based on the fact that the first portion of the alcoholic percolate contains a much larger proportion of the medi- cinal principles than the later ones, which may be used with advantage for dampening and percolating a fresh portion of the powder, in the place of alcohol. If sixteen troyounces of material are to be made into an alcoholic fluid extract, the fine powder is divided into three equal parts, and the first part exhausted by alcohol in the manner described before ; the last portions of alcohol may be displaced by water. The percolate is collected in fractions of four, two, three, and six fluidounces, the first fraction (four fl. ounces) being reserved, the second (two fl. ounces) being used for dampening the second part of the powder, and the third and fourth fractions for percolating ; about two ounces of alcohol may now be used, and finally water to expel 654: WINES. — MIXTURES. most of the alcoholic liquid. This second percolate is again collected in four fractions of five, two, three, and three fluidounces, of which the first (five fl. ounces) is reserved, and the others employed for exhausting the re- maining third part of the powder, in precisely the same manner as the second part was exhausted, this last percolate being collected in two fractions of seven and three or four fl. ounces, the latter being set aside to be used as so much alcohol at the next making of this fluid extract. The three reserved fractions (four, five, and seven fl. ounces) are then mixed, and will now rep- resent in each minim one grain of the powder. The process appears to be by far too complicated for general use, and since the last pharmacopoeia has greatly simplified the processes for the fluid extracts, many of the arguments in favor of repercolation do not apply to them. Wines are tinctures in which the menstruum is wine. Sherry wine is ordered to be employed by the United States and British Pharmacopoeias. The solvent power of wines on vegetable products depends on the water and alcohol they contain ; the other principles found in them are injurious to it as an excipient ; the mucilage disposing to fermentation, and the coloring matters and tannin often decomposing the active principles of the vegetable substances dissolved in it. On this account, these preparations are now going out of use, and mixtures of alcohol and water, of the proper strength, substituted as solvents. These can always be made of definite strength, which can seldom be attained when wine is used. Medicated wines are made by maceration or displacement. In whatever way they are prepared, they are very liable to undergo a change, and hence should be made in small quantities only, and be kept in well-closed bottles, and in a cool and dark place. Yinegars are solutions of certain parts of vegetables in distilled vinegar or diluted acetic acid. Few of these preparations are officinal ; but, in some cases, the state of solution in distilled vinegar is the best that can be desired, at least as far as energy is concerned. This is particularly the case when the activity of the medicinal substance depends on the presence of an alkaloid, which, by uniting with the acetic acid, forms a salt that is readily soluble ; and, therefore, may be more perfectly extracted than by other menstrua. As even distilled vinegar contains vegetable matter, rendering it liable to decomposition, it has been found advantageous to substitute acetic acid, properly diluted. In consequence of this liability to become decomposed, medicated vinegars should be made in small quantities, and be renewed at short intervals. In many cases, the acetates of the vegetable alkaloids, dissolved in water or diluted alcohol, may be substituted for medicated vinegars, producing all their good effects, and attended with but few of their disadvantages. Mixtures are liquid medicines containing two or more ingredients, generally of extemporaneous preparation, though a few are recognized as officinal. They are in very constant use in the administration of remedies. The in- gredients which usually enter into their composition are salts, and other solid bodies which are soluble, or readily miscible with aqueous fluids ; also tine- lures, spirits, syrups, deeoctions, etc. In making a mixture, the objects to be attained are the perfect solution of the soluble ingredients, and an equal diffusion of those which are not so, through the excipient, us well as the thorough admixture of all the constitu- ents, so that each dost; shall be similarly composed. The combination of articles in a mixture is effected either by agitation, or by rubbing the in- MIXTURES. 655 gradients together in a mortar. When volatile substances enter into a mix- ture, the}' should be added last. Insoluble powders, which are easily diffused through a fluid, may be mixed with the liquid ingredients, b}^ merely shaking them together in the bottle. When, however, powders do not mix readily with liquids, they must be triturated in a mortar with a small quantity of the fluid, gradually adding more, until they are of the consistence of thin paste. In the same manner, extracts and electuaries are to be rubbed down with a portion of the excipient previous to putting them in the bottle. Draughts differ from mixtures only in being designed to be taken at a single dose. This is not a common mode of prescribing medicines, but in some cases it is advantageous, as when it is wished to apportion the doses of a medicine accurately, or when the medicine is liable to undergo a change from the action of air. Emulsions are mixtures containing substances'of an oleaginous or resinous nature suspended iu aqueous fluids by the aid of gum, syrup, yolk of egg, or any viscid matter. It is a mechanical compound, and the union of its in- gredients is promoted and rendered more or less permanent by the addition of an alkali. Emulsions are made b}^ triturating certain oleaginous seeds with water, or by mixing the oil procured from them with the necessary in- gredients ; and also from gum resins in the same manner. Sometimes they are made with oils and an alkali. In making an emulsion of the oils or oleo- resins with mucilage, the former should be gradually added to the latter ; by addiug the mucilage to the oil, a good emulsion cannot be easily formed. Mucilage is preferable to an alkali in making many emulsions, as those with castor oil or copaiba ; an alkali is preferable in forming an emulsion of almond or olive oil; but an emulsion formed with either of these agents alone will often separate, if the other be added. The presence of soluble salts in an emulsion is also apt to cause a separation of the oil. Much spirit will produce the same effect in emulsions made with mucilage, and an acid in those made with an alkali. Some substances cannot be formed into good emulsions either with an alkali or with mucilage. This is the case with spermaceti and oil of turpentine. In such cases the yolk of an egg is the best agent for effecting the admixture, by rubbing down the ingredients in a mortar. Volatile oils are most readily made into an emulsion by being previously mixed with one of the fixed oils. Scammony is formed into an emulsion by means of milk; but resin of jalap will not unite with this fluid, and is best emulsionized by triturating it with almonds and water. Emulsions should be made with cold water, and strained. Mr. W. Procter, Jr., gives the following valuable directions for making emulsions (Amer. Journ. Pharm., xv. 11) : " In making an emulsion, a good deal depends even on so slight a circumstance as the form and material of the mortar and pestle. An emulsion may, indeed, be made in a smooth porcelain mortar, but the process is unquestionably more successful and easy in a Wedgewood one, and still more so in the old-fashioned marble mortar, which is generally used to this day by the druggists and apothecaries in England. But whatever be the composition of the mortar, it is essential that it should be perfectly round at the bottom; not flattish, as is some- times the case ; and the pestle should be so formed as in its motion to leave no hollows between its base and the concave surface of the mortar. Other- wise, the emulsion will most probably be imperfect. The mucilage or other viscid substance should always be put into the mortar before anything else : the oil (or balsam) may then be very gradualty rubbed in, taking care not to add it more quickly than it can be subdued by the pestle ; and if, during this part of the manipulation, the mixture should begin to assume a breaking or curdling appearance at the edges, a few drops of water must be immedi- 656 MEDICATED WATEE8. ately incorporated with it, before adding the remainder of the oil. For want of this precaution, I have often known an emulsion suddenly to lose its tenacious consistence in the mortar, and it is then in vain to endeavor to restore it. After the oil is thoroughly incorporated, some care is requisite to avoid separating it again by too hasty an effusion of the water or other fluid of the mixture ; and, if any alcoholic or acid liquid is to be added, it must be at the very end of the process. Indeed, an acid liquid, even a slightly acescent syrup, will often entirely destroy the emulsion. Mixtures of copaiba are frequently spoiled by the addition of sweet spirit of nitre ; which might be avoided by first diluting it with one or two portions of water." Mr. J. W. Forbes has proposed the following new method for preparing emulsions of volatile oils (Amer. Journ. Pharm., 1872, 61), illustrating it by an emulsion containing in two fluidounces one fluidounce of oil of turpen- tine. " First. Pour the turpentine into a two-ounce vial, and shaking so as to coat the inside of the vial with a film of turpentine ; this is to prevent the action of the moisture usually present. " Secondly. Add 9j powdered acacia, and mix thoroughly with the oil. u Lastty. Half a fluidounce of water is added, and the whole is well shaken. A perfect emulsion is the result, requiring less time for its prepa- ration than to read the foregoing directions. The bottle may then be filled up with mucilage, or, according to my experience, a better product is ob- tained with water simply. " The deviation from the letter of the law in regard to the gum strength of the emulsion needs no apology to the practical pharmacist, as the sole object in view is to emulse the oil, and it will be found that ten grains to the fluidounce of emulsion will afford a product superior in all respects (especially in fluidity) to one containing more gum, and more nearly ap- proaching the peculiar characteristics of that most perfect of all emulsions — cow's milk. " An emulsion of turpentine prepared in this manner and allowed to stand some time, shows not the least separation of its oil, but floating on the sur- face of the water is a stratum of a true 'cream,' which, like its prototype, requires but slight agitation to mix thoroughly with its substratum." In precisely the same manner ether and chloroform may be emulsionized ; the " cream," in the latter case, being heavier than water, subsides, but is diffused in the aqueous liquid with equal facility. Medtcated Waters. — This term is used to designate all preparations of water impregnated with volatile medicinal substances. It includes the Dis- tilled Waters of other pharmacopoeias, and is a more appropriate desig- nation, because many of the latter preparations are not distilled waters, but are made with an essential oil united to the water by trituration or agitation, no distillation being employed. By Distillation, — There arc two modes of obtaining medicated waters by this process: 1st, by distilling the water directly off the substances; 2d, by employing the essential oil already separated from the vegetable, and distil- ling it, over with the water. In most cases, where the fresh plant can be procured, it is to be preferred. Many of these substances lose their volatile oil and fragrant properties by drying; but, in some instances, the oil is re- lumed, notwithstanding desiccation. Many which lose the oil by the process of drying retain it fully for a, length of time, when preserved by being beaten into :i pulp with common salt; and, when kept in this state, afford very good distilled waters. The material which supplies the volatile oil is, in general, simply mixed MEDICATED WATERS. 657 with the water in a state of fine division ; and this is probably the best mode, where heat is used in such a way as to exclude the risk of empyreuma. If it does not require to be finely divided, as in the case of fresh leaves and flowers, it may be put conveniently into a net-bag, which, suspended in the middle of the still, may be withdrawn with facility, when its contents are exhausted. Some manufacturers use steam, instead of water, for obtaining distilled waters : that is, the material to be distilled is spread over a fine gauze partition, or a plate perforated with numerous small holes, and steam is driven through the mass. When the vegetable substance to be exhausted is a bark, wood, or other solid matter, it must be reduced to a state of moderately fine division. But this is not generally necessary in the case of leaves or flowers, because boiling water breaks down the cells in which the volatile oil is contained. When leaves, however, are thick and leathery, as in the instance of the cherry-laurel, the process is facilitated by chopping them down ; and, in most cases, where leaves are large, it is difficult to get a sufficient quantity into the still without cutting them into pieces. In preparing the finer kinds of distilled waters, it is necessary to clean the materials carefully, to remove all decayed leaves or flowers, or those infested by insects, and sometimes also to separate the leaf-stalks, or the green claw of the petals. Heat may often be applied directly to the vessel ; but in this way empy- reuma is apt to be occasioned, especially in large operations, in consequence of the solid matters remaining fixed at the bottom. To avoid this, it is usual to apply the heat, in limited operations, through the medium of a so- lution of chloride of calcium, which raises a temperature between 212° and 270°, according to its strength — or by means of an oil-bath, with a thermo- meter to regulate the temperature ; and, on the great scale, it is best applied by means of steam admitted under pressure into a space surrounding the still. Another cause of the empyreumatic taint of some distilled waters is the formation of a species of mucilaginous substance, at the expense of the volatile oil. This substance, which forms chiefly when the distillation is pushed too fast, or too far, and is seen encrusting globules of volatile oil, undissolved in the water, is apt to deposit itself on the side of the still, above the boiling materials, where it is afterwards decomposed by the heat. This fact explains the well-known observation, that the finest distilled waters are obtained by gentle distillation, and by abstaining from complete exhaus- tion of the materials. A still greater improvement is to prepare them with the vacuum-still, in the same way as is now often practised in making extracts. The other mode of obtaining medicated waters by distillation is by employ- ing the volatile oil, previously separated from the plant, for the vegetable itself. This mode of operating affords a product less liable to change than the above ; but it is not so aromatic as when obtained from the fresh plant. Distilled waters, however carefully they may be kept, are apt, sooner or latter, to lose their aroma ; and some of them even become mouldy, and acquire thereby an unpleasant odor. They have been thought to keep better with the addition of about a fortieth part of rectified spirit ; which may be either put into the still with the water, or added afterwards to the distilled fluid. But the advantages of this addition, although sanctioned by the authority of several pharmacopoeias, are doubted by practical men. It is believed that the most effectual precaution for preserving them is to pre- pare them with extremely pure, natural waters, such as snow, rain, or very fine spring water (Miiller), free, especially, of any unusual proportion of carbonic acid ; and to keep them in black, orange, or red bottles, instead of bottles of clear glass (Hanle). A better mode of procedure is to re-distil the water as soon as any change is perceived in it ; this restores its original odor, and renders it less subject to alteration. 42 653 MEDICATED ¥ATEES. Although a minute description of the process of distillation cannot be given in a work of this kind, yet the mode of conducting it on a small scale will be better understood by reference to the accompanying figures from Uohr, Redwood, and Procter's Pharmacy. Fig. 26. Fig. 26 represents a pharmaceutical still, holding about two gallons, made of tinned iron, and in- tended to fit in the top of a cylinder stove. A is the boiler : B the head, on the inner surface of which the condensation occurs ; O the neck communi- cating with the reci- pient, a- a is a rim, soldered around the mouth of the boiler, so as to form a water- joint ; cc is a circular rim, soldered on the base of the head, in such a manner that the upper part forms a gutter for conduct- ing the condensed fluid from the base of the condensing cone, d d, to the neck, C, whilst the lower part projects below into the double rim of the boiler, a a, to form the water-joint. b is an opening corre- Pharmaceutical Still, seen in Section. sponding to the tubulure of a retort, which enables the operator to inspect the progress of the distillation, and to stir the contents of the still when necessary. This opening is stopped with a cork, or a tin cap. e is a funnel-tube into which a current of cold water runs during distillation, the warm water running off by the tube on the opposite side. In using the apparatus, the water-joint should be two-thirds filled with water, the materials introduced, and the head adjusted and filled with water. Fig. 27. Fig. 28. k Distillation of Spirits. Fig. 27 represents Mohr's still, which is very convenient for limited operations, a, the retort: b. the connecting tubei c, the refrigerator, through which passes the condensing tube, represented at a, Fig. 28 ; d, the stand for supporting e, the tub of cold water; /, the refuse water. DISTILLED, ESSENTIAL, OP. VOLATILE OILS. 659 Fig. 29. Fig. 30. G-as Furnace and Flask for Distillation. Liebig's Condenser. Figs. 29 and 30. A very simple and convenient arrangement is represented in these figures. Fig. 29. a, funnel for introducing fresh liquid into the flask during distillation, b, the connect- ing tube. Fig. 30. Liebig's condenser, consisting of the tube 6, through which a glass tube is seen to pass. This connects by one end with the connecting tube of the flask, and from the other the distillate drops out. By placing a vessel holding water, and provided with a stopcock, on one of the rings e e e. and by turning the cock, a continuous stream of water is carried through the tube c to the lower end of the condenser b, then upwards, surrounding the glass tube until it escapes by the pipe d. The retort-Btand consists of the foot a;, of the rod z, of the G-ay-Lussac holder o, and of the rings e e e. One of these three forms of apparatus will be found very convenient in conducting the distillatory processes of the shop. By Admixture. — Another method of making medicated waters is by im- pregnating the water with the volatile oil, by triturating them together with the addition of carbonate of magnesium, and filtering to remove the latter. This affords an excellent product, as it is permanent. The addition of the carbonate of magnesium is merely to enable the operator to produce such a minute division of the oil as will enable water to act on it more efficiently. A small portion of magnesia is dissolved in the medicated water, but this does not interfere with its use, except when it is prescribed as a vehicle for poisonous alkaloids, in which case it should be slightly acidulated by the addition of a few drops of acetic acid. Other powders divide the volatile oil in the same way, and are preferred by some manufacturers. Distilled, Essential, or Yolatile Oils.— Volatile oils are contained in vegetable cells, generally peculiar, and often so large as to be distinct to the naked eye. Sometimes they exist in such abundance that the oil niay be G60 DISTILLED, ESSENTIAL, OE VOLATILE OILS obtained by mere expression. The oils of lemon, orange, bergamot, and citron are prepared in this way by the manufacturer ; and from many other substances, such as the unripe germen of rue, and the undeveloped corolla of the clove-tree, oils may be squeezed out by pressure with the nail. In some rare instances, as in that of the Liquid Borneo-Camphor from the Dryobalanops Camphora, and that of the Laurel-oil of Guiana, from a species of Ocotea, volatile oil is obtained largely, and of considerable purity, by exudation from incisions. Much more frequently, however, it is exuded spontaneously, or from incisions, as a turpentine in combination with resin, or as a gum-resin in union with both gum and resin. Most frequently of all, it cannot be obtained by any of these modes, but adheres with more or less force to the flowers, leaves, fruit, bark, or wood, which contain it. In that case it is sometimes destroyed or dispersed when the plant is dried, more especially if the organ which contains it is the flower ; but often, when con- tained in the leaf, and very generally, if contained in the seed, bark, or wood, it is retained in part, or altogether, under desiccation, and even under long keeping. In some instances it appears that the volatile oil obtained from plants does not exist ready formed, but is produced on bruising or distilling them with water, through the reaction of other principles on one another. Of this mode of production two remarkable examples exist — the volatile oils of the bitter almond and black mustard seed — and the oils of cherry-laurel leaves, peach leaves, and of the leaves and seeds of other an^gdalaceous plants, are similarly circumstanced. A few volatile oils used in medicine are obtained by expression, such as the oils of orange, lemon, and bergamot, already mentioned. When oils exude along with resin in the form of turpentine, they may be separated from the resin by heat alone, as they are volatilizable at about the tempera- ture of 400°. But thus obtained, they cannot be of fine quality, because the heat required is too near that at which resins, as well as the oils them- selves, undergo decomposition. In general, therefore, this plan is not fol- lowed for pharmaceutic purposes ; and volatile oils are obtained from turpen- tines by distilling them with water. For, although they do not enter into ebullition at the temperature of boiling water, their vapors pass over in large quantity with steam ; and, condensing along with it, form distilled waters — with volatile oils either floating on the water, or, more rarely, sinking to the bottom. The volatile oils of many vegetable substances are to be separated in this way alone, because the other principles contained along with them in the crude substances are empyreumatized by the higher temperature which is required to disengage the oil without the co-operation of watery vapor. In some instances it has been thought advantageous to substitute for water in the still a strong solution of common salt, because a somewhat higher temperature is required to boil it. There seems an advantage in this change, for the rectification of oils previously obtained from the raw materials in which they reside ; but the advantage in the case of distillation from crude vegetable substances is doubtful. The method of distilling volatile oils differs little from that described above for preparing distilled waters. The same precautions must be observed in applying heat, and for the same reasons. The formation of mucilaginous matter at the expense of the oil, towards the close of the distillation, is shown by the globules of oil coming over enveloped in a fine pellicle of it. The quantity of water must be proportionally less, or rather, the same por- tion of water is to be used with successive portions of the material which yields the oil; otherwise, a material loss is sustained by solution of the oil in the water. In some instances, where the oil exists in low proportion, and is of great value, the distilled fluid should be left at rest for some time, and exposed to as low a temperature as can be commanded. DISTILLED, ESSENTIAL, OR VOLATILE OILS. C61 The mixed vapors which pass over condense into a milky-looking fluid, which, after standing some time in the receiver, separates into two portions, one a solution of a part of oil in water, and the other of the oil itself, which occupies the upper or lower part, according as it is lighter or heavier than the water. Fig. 31. Fig. 32. Figs. 31. and 32. Various forms of Pipettes for separating Liquids, Filling Vials, Etc. Fig. 33. Fig. 34. Fig. 35. Fig. 36. a Separating-Funnel. Separator. Separator. Fig. 33. The ordinary separating funnel, having a perforated ground glass stopper. Fig. 34 is a vessel for separating ether or other volatile liquids from heavier ones. Fig. 35 answers very well when the quantity of the fluids is very small. By inclining it, the heavier liquid escapes by the orifice a. Fig. 36 is a separator for either heavy or light oils. The former can be drawn off by the orifice of the tube 6 ; the latter by the tubule d e. Separator for Heavy or Light Oils. Chevallier gives the following rules for the distillation of volatile oils: — 1. To operate upon large quantities, in order to obtain a greater product, and of better quality. 2. To conduct the distillation rapidly. 3. To divide the substances minutely, in order to facilitate the extrication of the oil. 4. To employ only sufficient water to prevent the plant from burning. 662 DISTILLED, ESSENTIAL, OR VOLATILE OILS. 5. For substances whose oil is heavier than water, to saturate the water in the still with common salt, to raise the boiling point, and thus to enable the vapor to carry over more of the oil. 6. To employ, when possible, water which had already been distilled from off the same substances, and had thus become saturated with oil. 7. For oils naturally fluid, to cool the liquid in the refrigeratory frequently ; but to retain it at 80° to 90° for those oils which easily become solid. After the distillation, the oil should be separated from the water ; for this purpose, several ingenious instruments have been devised, a few of which are represented in figures 31 to 36 inclusive. The following table, from Christison's Dispensatory, showing the propor- tion of volatile oil obtained from the chief medicinal vegetable substances, will be found useful. The data are chiefly extracted or calculated from ex- periments by M. Raybaud in the Journal de Pharmacie, xx. — by Dr. Martius in Repertorium fur die Pharmacie, xxxix. — by Dr. Bley in the same work, xlviii. — by M. Dann and by M. Yoelter in the same work, lv. ; — and a few have been added from experiments of Dr. Christison himself. The numbers represent the number of ounces obtained from 100 pounds avoirdupois. The letters before the figures refer to the authority for each. Author. Ounces in 100 lbs. av. Amygdalus communis. — Bitter almond Ra 0. 38 Amygdalus communis. — Bitter almond Yo 7.70 Amygdalus communis. — Bitter almond Duflos. 0.8 to 4.80 Angelica Archangelica — dried root Ra 4.50 Anthemis nobilis — fresh flowers raised at Grasse Ra 0.75 Anthemis nobilis — dried flowers raised at Grasse Ra 1.38 Anthemis nobilis — dried flowers, long kept, Germany Bl 4.50 Anthemis nobilis — flowers freshly dried Steer 5.33 Anthemis nobilis — flowers 12 months dried Steer 3.00 Apium graveolens — dried fruit Ra 9.00 Apium petroselinum — fresh herb, after flowering Ra 3.38 Apium petroselinum — dry fruit, France Ra 12.0 Apium petroselinum — dry fruit, Germany Da 30.0 Artemisia absinthium — fresh herb, Paris Ra 2.0 Artemisia absinthium — dried herb, recent, Germany Ma 16.0 Artemisia absinthium — dried herb, a year old, Germany Bl 8. 75 Artemisia absinthium — dried herb, 3 years old, Germany Ma 5.0 Artemisia cina. — Wormseed of commerce Ra 3.0 Artemisia cina. — Levant wormseed Vo 10.8 Calamus aromaticus — fresh root, Germany Ma 16.0 Calamus aromaticus — recently dried, Germany Bl 17.5 Calamus aromaticus — long dried, Germany Da 14.3 Carum carui — dried fruit of French commerce Ra 50.12 Carum carui — dried fruit of German commerce Ma 66.5 Carum carui — dried fruit of German commerce Da 46.6 Carum carui — dried fruit of German commerce Vo 70.0 Caryophyllu3 aromaticus. — Cloves, Bourbon Ra 144.0 Caryophyllus aromaticus. — Cloves, Cayenne Ra 152.0 Caryophyllus aromaticus. — Cloves, Cayenne Bl 125.0 Caryophyllus aromaticus. — Cloves, Molucca : French commerce . Ra 148.0 Caryophyllus aromaticus. — Cloves, Molucca: English, commerce. Ra 112.5 Caryophyllus aromaticus. — Cloves, average, German commerce . Vo 226.0 Caryophyllus aromaticus. — Cloves, finest, German commerce Da 250.0 Caryophyllus aromaticus. — Cloves, German commerce Steer 272.0 Cinnamomum zeylanicum — cinnamon of commerce Ra 1.56 Cinnamomum cassia — cassia bark of commerce Ra 12.0 Citrus aurantium — sweet orange flowers, 1 May, Nice Ra 5.0 Citrus vulgaris — bitter orange flowers, 7 Hay, Nice Ra 5.9 Citrus vulgaris — bitter orange flowers, 12 May, Carmet Ra 4.12 Citrus vulgaris — bitter orange flowers, 16 July, Paris Ra 0.9 Citrus vulgaris — bitter orange flowers, 14 Dec, Paris Ra 6.5 Citrus aurantium — rind of 100 oranges, by expression Ra 2.5 DISTILLED, ESSENTIAL, OE VOLATILE OILS. G63 Author. Citrus aurantium — rind of 100 oranges, by distillation Ra. Citrus vulgaris — rind of 100 oranges, by expression Ea. Citrus vulgaris — rind of 100 oranges, by distillation Ea. Citrus limetta — rind of 100 limes, by distillation Ea. Citrus bergamium — rind of 100 bergamots, by distillation Ea. Citrus limonum — rind of 100 lemons, by expression Ea. Citrus limonum — rind of 100 lemons, by distillation Ea. Cochlearia armoracia — fresh seeds. .■ Ea. Coriandrum sativum — dry fruit of French commerce Ea. Coriandrum sativum — dry fruit of German commerce Da. Croton Eleutheria — cascarilla bark Bl. Cuminum cyminum — dry fruit of French commerce Ea. Cuminum cyminum — dry fruit of German commerce Bl. Daucus carota — dry fruit Ea. Daucus carota — fresh root Ea. Dracocepbalum moldavicum — flowering herb Ea. Driinys Winteri — Winter's bark (probably, Cinnamodendron corticosum) Ea. Eugenia pimenta — pimenta berries, Jamaica Ea. Fceniculum officinale — dry fruit of French commerce Ea. Fo3niculum officinale — dry fruit of German commerce Ma. Fceniculum officinale — dry fruit of German commerce Bl. Fceniculum officinale — dry fruit of German commerce Da. Fceniculum officinale — flowering herb, Grasse Ea. Fceniculum officinale — herb after flowering, Grasse Ea. Galipea officinalis — Cusparia-bark of commerce • Ea. Genista canariensis — Ehodium wood Ea. Geum urbanum — dry roots Ra. Hyssopus officinalis — flowering herb, Grasse Ea. Illicium anisatum — star-anise fruit . Ea. Illicium anisatum — star-anise fruit Da. Juniperus communis — green berries, 15 Sept Ea. Juniperus communis — ripe berries, 1 Dec, France Ea. Juniperus communis — ripe berries, fresh, Germany Do. Juniperus communis — ripe berries, a year old, Germany Ma. Juniperus communis — ripe berries, a year old, Germany Bl. Juniperus sabina — fresh twigs, 5 March, Grasse Ea. Juniperus sabina — fresh twigs, 2 Oct.% Paris Ea. Juniperus sabina — dried twigs, recent, Germany Ma. Juniperus sabina — dried twigs, a year old, Germany Ma. Larix cedrus — fresh cedar wood, Paris Ea. Larix cedrus — cedar wood of commerce Ea. Laurus nobilis — fresh leaves, 26 Jan. , Paris Ea. Laurus nobilis — leaves some years dried, Germany Bl. Laurus nobilis, ( fresh leaves, ^ poor soil, low site Chr. Laurus nobilis, < early in Oct. > poor soil, high site Chr. Laurus nobilis, ( near Edirib. ) -very fine soil, low site Chr. Lavandula vera — flowering herb, 2 Aug., Grasse Ea. Lavandula vera — flowering herb, 2 Aug., Grasse, north exposure. Ea. Lavandula vera — flowering herb, 26 July, Soureittas Ea. Lavandula vera — herb after flowering, 26 Sept., Soureittas Ea. Lavandula spica — fresh herb, 24 July, Paris Ea. Lavandula spica — fresh herb, 4 Aug., Grasse Ea. Lavandula stcechas — dry spikes Ea. Ligusticum levisticum — fresh herb, Paris Ea. Melissa officinalis — fresh flowering herb Ra. Mentha piperita — fresh tops in flower, Grasse Ra. Mentha piperita — fresh tops in flower, Paris Ra. Mentha piperita — dried tops in flower, Germany Bl. Mentha piperita — dried tops in flower, Germany Ma. Mentha pulegium — fresh flowering herb Ra. Myristica moschata — mace of commerce, finest Yo. Myristica moschata — inace of commerce, fine Bl. Myristica moschata — mace of commerce, worm-eaten Bl. Myristica moschata — nutmegs of commerce, fine Bl. Ounces in 100 lbs. av. 2.75 4.0 4.25 2.12 2.9 1.9 1.4 0.9 2.3 9.0 5.62 44.0 32.5 0.66 0.14 2.10 0.50 12.38 33.0 56.6 83.0 60.4 4.9 6.0 1.5 0.47 0.53 5.30 34.21 25.5 3.9 7.75 15.5 10.8 16.25 19.05 14.25 40.0 25.0 0.3 4.25 5.25 4.10 7.33 6.9 17.12 11.5 9.12 9.0 15.0 7.62 12.5 6.43 1.1-2 0.25 6.25 3.40 15.62 21.0 1.0 154.0 125.0 65.6 108.25 664 DISTILLED, ESSENTIAL, OE VOLATILE OILS Myristica moschata — nutmegs of commerce, worm-eaten Myrtus communis — fresh leaves, September 20, Grasse Myrtus communis — fresh leaves, September 6, Paris Origanum majorana — fresh flowering herb, August 3, Orasse. . . Origanum majorana — fresh flowering herb, August 3, Paris. . . . Origanum vulgare — fresh flowering herb, September 15, Paris. . Pimpinella anisum — dry fruit of French commerce Pimpiuella anisum — dry fruit, new, German commerce Pimpinella anisum — dry fruit, old, German commerce Pimpinella anisum — dry fruit of German commerce Pimpinella anisum — dry fruit of German commerce Piper cubeba — cubebs of French commerce Piper nigrum — white pepper of French commerce Piper nigrum — black pepper of French commerce Prunus lauro-cerasus — fresh leaves, November 23, Paris. Prunus lauro-cerasus Prunus lauro-cerasus Prunus lauro-cerasus Prunus lauro-cerasus, Prunus lauro-cerasus Prunus lauro-cerasus •1 fresh leaves from the same plants : near Edinburgh. ia mo: mos. on the tree, mos. on the tree. undeveloped, June 7 . . half-grown, June 7. . . . full-grown, 8 weeks on tree, July 15 12 mos. on tree, June 2. fresh leaves of the same plant, 1 Sept 1836, Edin. Renealmia cardamomum — lesser cardamoms Rosa centifolia — fresh flowers, Grasse Rosmarinus officinalis — fresh flowering herb, Grasse Rosmarinus officinalis — fresh flowering herb, Paris. Ruta graveolens — fresh flowering herb, 20 July, Grasse Ruta graveolens — fresh flowering herb, 28 July, Paris Ruta graveolens — flowering herbs, newly dried, Germany . . . Ruta graveolens — dried seeds, South of France Salvia officinalis, v. minor — fresh herb, 12 Mar., Grasse Salvia officinalis, v. minor — fresh herb, 14 June, Paris Salvia officinalis, v. major — fresh herb, 12 Mar., Grasse Salvia officinalis, v. major — fresh herb, 14 June, Parish Santalum album — sandal-wood of commerce Sinapis nigra — black mustard-seed, Germany, 12 months old Sinapis nigra — black mustard-seed, Germany, fresh Sinapis nigra — black mustard-seed, France, fresh Sinapis nigra — black mustard-seed, France Tanacetum vulgare — fresh flowering herb, 9 July, Grasse. . . Tanacetum vulgare — fresh flowering herb, 25 July, Paris. . . Tanacetum vulgare — fresh tops, Germany Tanacetum vulgare — dried flowering herb, Germany Thuya occidentals, Thuya occidentalis, Thuya occidentalis, fresh twigs near Edin. aged, stunted tree; exposed. Oct. 21 aged, vigorous : sheltered. Oct. 21 young, vigorous; exposed. Oct. 9. younsf, vigorous : exposed ; fine Thuya occidentalis, 1 Edin. I J S() jf g cp f 2 6 Thymus serpyllum — fresh flowering herb, 6 Aug. Grasse Thymus serpyllum — fresh flowering herb, 5 July, Paris Thymus vulgaris — fresh llowering herb, 1G August, Grasse Thymus vulgaris — fresh flowering herb, 13 July, Paris Yale liana officinalis — dry root, a year old, Germany Valeriana officinalis — the root, Germany Valeriana officinalis— the root, Germany Verbena odorata — fresh llowering herb, Paris Zingiber officinale — dry root of commerce LUthor. Ounces in 100 lbs. av. Bl. .. 64.1 Ra. 4.5 Ra. 2.5 Ra. 8.5 Ra. 4.4 Ra. .. 0.4 Ra. .. 35.13 Ma. .. .. 37.5 Ma. .. .. 27.0 Vo. .. .. 25.0 Da. .. .. 43.75 Ra. .. 19.5 Ra. .. 16.0 Ra. .. 18.12 Ra. 2.13 Chr. . . .. 10.13 Chr. . . 7.20 Chr. . . 4.96 Chr. . . 1.04 Chr. . . 7.04 Chr. . . 2.24 Ra. .. 11.42 Ra. .. 0.25 Ra. 5.0 Ra. 3.5 Ra. 4.13 Ra. 0.63 Bl. 4.4 Ra. .. 19.0 Ra. 6.0 Ra. 2.5 Ra. .. 4.0 Ra. 3.05 Ra. 5.0 Da. .. 3.9 Da. . . 5.0 Da. 7.75 Vo. .. 9.1 Ra. 1.2 Ra. 5.8 Da. 5.0 Bl. .. 15.6 Chr. . . .. 10.8 Chr. . . .. 10.25 Chr. . . .. 18.25 Chr. . . . . 26.40 Ra. 5.0 Ra. 0.9 Ra. 6.5 Ra. 3.75 Bl. .. 30.16 Da. .. .. 15.0 Vo. .. .. 10.5 Ra. 3.1 Ra. .. 10.8 Volatile oils should be preserved in dark bottles, carefully closed and nearly full. When kept for any time, the}' are apt to undergo certain changes, becoming dark-colored, losing their agreeable odor, an'd growing thick and clammy. It is then necessary to re-distil them with a certain quantity of water, by which the undecomposed portion is again obtained in a pure state. FIXED OILS AND FATS. — ALKALOIDS* 065 Another mode is to agitate with recent^ heated animal charcoal ; this restores their clearness, and in a great measure their fragrance. On mixing colored volatile oils with some fixed oil and rectifying them by distillation with water, nearly all may be obtained colorless. Fixed Oils and Fats. — Fixed oils are obtained from the fruit or seeds of vegetables, b}^ expression ; by boiling the bruised seeds in water, and removing the oil that rises to the surface ; and by dissolving out the oil by means of a menstruum. By Expression. — This is accomplished in several ways : B3' means of the wedge press, or by a screw or hydraulic press, the former being the more generally employed. In almost all cases, it becomes requisite to heat the seeds gently, to render the oil more liquid ; but care must be taken that the heat is not too great ; otherwise, the oil will become of a dark color, and acquire an unpleasant taste. It is by this method that linseed and castor oils are obtained. The oil, as it comes from the press, is seldom pure or fit for use; it is freed from these impurities by boiling with water, and separating the pure oil. These oils are often colored, owing, in most cases, to heating the seeds too much ; this is peculiarly the case with linseed oil, which is sel- dom seen of a light color. By Decoction. — This is effected by boiling the bruised seeds in water, and skimming off the oil as it rises to the surface. This plan is also emphyved in making cod-liver oil, as well as in the manufacture of castor oil in the West Indies. By Solution. — This affords a very pure oil, but is seldom emploj-ed on account of expense. It is, however, useful in facilitating the extraction of some of the thick and viscid oils. Thus, croton oil is more readily ob- tained by mixing the ground seeds with half their weight of alcohol, and, after letting the mixture stand for some time, submitting it to pressure, and distilling off the spirit from the product. Bisulphide of carbon, and petroleum benzin have, of 'late, been much employed for the extraction of fixed oils. Solution in ether is also useful in some cases, when expense is not an object, oil of ergot is best obtained in this manner. The solid oils, as oil of cacao, etc., require the aid of heat in their expres- sion, and the ground material containing them is therefore placed between heated plates in the press. Animal Fats. — Formerly, the fats of many animals were employed in pharmacy ; but, at present, those principally used are lard, suet, and beef's marrow. To render these fit for pharmaceutic purposes, the crude material is to be cut into small pieces, freed as much as possible from all extraneous substances, and placed in a boiler with water, and heated until it is fused, when the fluid fat is strained, slowly cooled, and carefully separated from the water. These fats are best preserved by being run into glazed jars, and kept from the action of the air. Alkaloids. — The vegetable alkaloids may be obtained by a variety of processes, but these invariably comprehend decomposition of the alkaloidal salt in the crude drug, either by the superior affinity of an alkali, earth, or alkaline carbonate, or by double decomposition with some compound salt whose base forms an insoluble salt with the acid in the drug. Active neutral principles, and a few alkaloids — such as narcotina from opium, piperina from white pepper, picrotoxin from cocculus indicus, and elaterin from elaterium — may be obtained through the agency of such simple solvents as water, rectified spirit, and sulphuric ether, used singly or successively. The solutions from which vegetable alkaloids are prepared are, in general, G(j(j SPIRITS.-— T KOCH ES. obtained best by the method of percolation. Some experience is required to apply this process in all cases with success. But, when well performed, it is greatly superior, in general, to any other mode of extracting the active mat- ters of vegetable drugs, in cases in which the liquid used is spirituous or ethereal ; and it is often not less advantageous in the instance of water, as well as acidulous fluids. The precautions for applying it successfully have been considered under the head of tinctures. Spirits are alcoholic solutions of volatile principles obtained by distilla- tion. When spirit is distilled with aromatic vegetables which contain volatile oil, the oil, for the most part, rises with the spirituous vapor, and condenses along with it in a state of solution. In some cases, the volatile oil rises with the vapor of strong spirit, so that alcohol may be employed for the purpose ; and this is occasionally necessary for keeping the oil of the distilled spirit in solution. In other instances, the oil does not begin to pass over until watery vapor also passes in considerable proportion with the spirituous vapor ; so that diluted alcohol is required for the process. For most medicinal purposes, but especially the present, the menstruum should be made by diluting alcohol with water. The best apparatus for preparing distilled spirits is that represented at page 658, fig. 27. It has been proposed to prepare them by distillation in a vacuum-still ; but many volatile oils will not rise with spirit-vapor at the low temperature at which spirit boils in a vacuum. These preparations, like distilled waters, may be obtained either from crude vegetable substances, or from their volatile oils. They are seldom, however, of such fine aroma when prepared in the latter as in the former way, unless care be taken to employ those volatile oils only which have been recently as well as carefully distilled. Essences differ from spirits in being volatile substances dissolved in alco- hol ; but this name is generally applied to strong alcoholic solutions of the volatile oils. Many of the officinal spirits are now made simply by dissolving the volatile oil in alcohol. Troches, or Lozenges, are small, dry, solid masses, consisting of powders incorporated with sugar and mucilage. Some writers include under this name d?*ops and pastes, making the following distinction between them : — Lozenges, when the principal basis is sugar, and when the ingredients are combined without the aid of heat. Drops, when the principal basis is sugar, but when the ingredients are combined with the aid of heat. Pastes, when the principal basis is a vegetable juice or pulp, and when the mixture is of a soft consistence. Lozenges are much more employed in Europe than in this country as a mode of administering medicines. In making them, the sugar is employed in a powdered state ; the more active ingredients added in powder, or in a liquid state; and the wiiole mixed into a paste by the addition of mucilage. The mucilage generally used is that of tragacanth, as being more tenacious than that of gum Arabic. After the ingredients are properly incorporated, the paste is rolled out into a uniform sheet on a marble slab, previously sprinkled with some powdered starch to prevent adhesion, and cut into small cakes by means of a punch. These cakes are then to be placed on sieves, and kept in :i drying-room until they have become perfect^ dry and hard, when they arc to be sifted, and kept in well-closed bottles. Drops are formed from coarsely-powdered sugar, to which the flavoring or medicinal ingredients are added in a liquid state, so as to moisten the sugar. INHALATIONS. — COLD BATH. 667 The mixture is then melted in a proper vessel, over a clear fire, after which the melted mass should be allowed to drop in small portions on a marble slab or greased metallic plate, and when cold, be removed, and kept like lozenges. Pastes are usually formed of inspissated vegetable juices, or deeoctious, with the addition of sugar, gum, etc. These are to be brought to a proper consistence, and the mixture poured into flat, shallow moulds, or rolled out, as in the case of lozenges, and divided into pieces of the desired size. Inhalations. — These have, at different times, been much in vogue as a means of combating disease, especially complaints of the respiratory organs. Within the last few years, much interest has been excited relative to this mode of administering medicinal agents, from the remarkable anaesthetic effects caused by the inhalation of the vapor of ether and chloroform. The simplest form of using either of these is by pouring the requisite quantity on a hollow sponge, and applying this over the mouth of the patient. Various forms of inhaling apparatus have been invented, which will be found described in Mohr and Redwood's Pharmacy, 535-9, with directions for their use. EXTERNAL REMEDIES. Baths. — By the term bath is meant the complete or partial immersion of the body in a fluid or gaseous medium, differing, in some circumstances, from that to which it has been accustomed. In order to obtain the full efficacy of a bath, without injurious consequences, its temperature should be regulated, and particularly prescribed by the plrysician ordering it. The following temperatures are those given by Dr. Forbes in the Cyclopaedia of Practical 3Iedicine: — Cold Bath between 33° and 60° F. Cool Bath " 64° and 75° F. Temperate Bath " 75° and 85° F. Tepid Bath k ' 85° and 92° F. Warm Bath " 92° and 98° F. Hot Bath " 98° and 112° F. The effects of these different baths on the system are very dissimilar, according to their temperature, and the time during which the patient is subjected to their influence. Cold Bath. — When a person plunges into a cold bath, he is first sensible of a sudden sensation of cold upon the surface, accompanied b}' an oppres- sion of breathing, causing this function to be performed in convulsive gasps. This is called the shock, and is caused by a rapid contraction of the cutaneous capillaries, and a retrocession of the blood to the lungs and other internal organs. In a short time, the difficulty of breathing disappears, the tempera- ture becomes agreeable, and if the person now leaves the water, a warmth of the surface comes on, termed the glow, succeeded by a sense of invigoration of the whole system. Should the person remain in the water for too long a time, another train of symptoms manifest themselves ; the sensation of cold soon attains to an unpleasant degree of chilliness, followed by rigors ; a bluish tint is perceptible on the surface of the body ; the blood accumulates in the internal organs ; and, on leaving the water, there is no reaction, or a very feeble one, the surface remaining cold, the extremities benumbed ; and headache, difficult respiration, often pain in the chest, ensue, with a sense of depression and lassitude. The use of proper means will often remove these sj^mptoms ; but they may lead to a variety of diseases of the internal organs. 668 COOL BATH. — WARM BATH. The objects in prescribing a cold bath are the production of a sudden and powerful impression on the nervous system, and the tonic influence it exer- cises when followed b}~ due reaction. In the first of these, it has been found useful in certain affections where there is a derangement of the functions of sensation, of motion or sensation unattended with a congestive or inflamma- tory condition of the internal organs ; but it is more frequently ordered to fulfil the second indication. It is always contra-indicated when, from debility, the system does not react so as to produce a glow ; when there is a tendency to congestion of the cerebral vessels, or any serious organic affection of the heart, lungs, or kidneys. In all cases, it is advantageous, before taking the cold bath, to take such exercise as will raise the circulation, without occasioning fatigue or perspiration, for reaction is almost certain to follow the immersion, except when the person has remained in the water too long a time. The period of immersion should not exceed five minutes. Cool Bath. — The action and uses of this are similar to the last, but are less powerful. It is, therefore, better calculated for those who are much debilitated. Temperate Bath. — As the temperate bath is of a temperature closely approaching that of the body, the shock and subsequent reaction are almost wanting. It is, therefore, much more employed for purposes of comfort and cleanliness than as a remedial agent. In delicate persons, it should always be used instead of the cold or cool bath, and is always better suited to very young children than lower temperatures. Tepid Bath. — This is intermediate in operation between the temperate and the warm bath, and varies in effects and uses according to the temperature. In perfect health, it should not be used as an habitual indulgence ; but, for the purposes of cleanliness, an occasional recurrence to it allows of a more perfect ablution than can be effected by cooler baths. It is better to use it about noon, when the first process of digestion of the morning meal is over, and immediately afterwards to take brisk exercise in the open air. In cases of fatigue and febrile irritation, from over-exertion or a long journey, the tepid bath is generally found very beneficial. It is also serviceable to per- sons of sedentary habits, etc. In all such cases, however, it is not to be employed immediately after a meal, or when the individual is unduly excited, either mentally or corporeally. In one class of complaints, those dependent on gastric irritation, the tepid or even the warm bath proves of much service. Warm Bath. — The first effect of a warm bath is to produce a sensation of heat upon the surface, and to increase the pulse in quickness and fulness, though in most cases to diminish its tenseness. The cutaneous circulation more especially becomes affected, and the body is increased in bulk, as shown by the increased pressure of ligatures, or of rings upon the fingers. The secondary effects, when the immersion is continued for some time, are muscular relaxation, sometimes to a considerable degree ; even after leaving the hath, a disposition to lassitude continues for some time, with a tendency to perspiration. The remedial effects of a warm bath depend on its temperature, the time a patient remains in it, and the subsequent treatment. The medium time for remaining in the; bath is from twenty to twenty-five minutes; but this must be regulated by the effect produced. It is beneficial in incipient catarrh, in some congestions of the internal organs, chronic rheumatism, and in spas- HOT BATH. SHOWER BATH. 669 modic affections, especially those of children ; but is contra-indicated in acth r e fever, or when there is congestion, or a determination of blood to the head. In the convulsions of children, its effects are remarkably beneficial, as it not only relaxes spasm, and relieves for the moment, but soothes nervous irritation. In cases where the convulsions are severe, it will be found ad- vantageous to apply cold water to the head. When a warm bath is admin- istered to a child, care must be taken not to expose it to the cold air for the purpose of drying its body ; the best plan is to envelop it in a warm blanket, and to place it in bed at once. By this plan, it is not liable to take cold, which is a common objection to the use of the warm bath for children. Hot Bath. — From its temperature being above that of the body, the hot bath is far more stimulating than the preceding, as evinced by the excite- ment of the pulse, the sensations of fulness in the head and throbbing of the cerebral vessels. Its use is principally confined to cases where it is wished to arouse nervous energy and vital action, as in Asiatic cholera, etc. ; or where there is a sudden retrocession of cutaneous diseases. It has also proved useful in certain forms of rheumatism and paralysis. As the inten- tion is mainly to induce excitement, the patient is not to be exposed to its action Ions: enough to cause exhaustion. Whatever description of bath is ordered to be used, the original tempera- ture is to be maintained during the whole time the patient remains in the water. At the end of some minutes, therefore, the heat should be tested by a thermometer, and, if requisite, hot water added. The sensations of the bather are alwaj^s a fallacious criterion. Shower Bath. — This is a modification of the cold affusion, being attended with the same effects, but in a less degree. The short duration of it renders it less refrigerant than the cold bath, and causes the primary shock to be the most important part of the influence it exercises, which may be modified by increasing or diminishing the temperature of the water, or that of the height from which the fluid falls. It is used either cold or tepid. The former is most advantageous when the powers of the system are sufficient to cause a reaction, that results in a glow on the surface, soon after using the bath ; but, where this is not the case, as in debilitated individuals, the temperature is to be increased. It is adapted to those cases where a power- ful impression is wished to be made upon the nervous system, as in chorea, hysteria, etc., and is also of much benefit to persons subject to determina- ' tion to the head. In such cases, it is found advantageous to make the patient stand in hot water at the time of taking the bath. The reaction fol- lowing its use is much promoted by using friction to the surface. The improved and portable shower baths, now to be procured, obviate many of the objections to its use which formerly existed. For children, the best and most convenient apparatus that can be emploj-ed is one described b}^ Dr. A. 1 T. Thomson. {Domestic Management of the Sick Room.) "It consists of a hollow vessel made of tin, with a perforated bottom. The body of the vessel is of a bell-shape, with a hollow tube rising from the top, and terminating in a broad perforated rim. When the bath is to be y used, it must be sunk in a bucket of water, until it is completely submerged ; the air is thus driven out of the bath, through the tube, and the bath filled with water. The thumb of an attendant is then to be placed on the opening in the centre of the rim, and the bath raised from the bucket of water. The pressure of air upon the holes in the bottom retains the water in the bath ; and, on raising the thumb from the upper orifice, the whole is rapidly dis- charged. In using it, the child must be placed in an empty tub, and the bath, being held over his head, is then to be discharged ; and the child imme^ I 670 LOCAL BATHS.— DOUCHES. diately afterwards dried, with friction. When salt water is used for this bath, the hair should be kept dry by means of an oil-skin cap." Local Baths. — These are most frequently used warm. The most common are the hip-bath and foot-bath. They are principally employed as revulsives. The first has been found a valuable remedy in diseases of the womb, and in irritations of the pelvic organs. Where it is employed merely to soothe pain, the temperature should not exceed 80° to 90°, and the patient is to remain in it for some time ; but when it is intended to excite the uterus to greater action, it should be as hot as can be borne by the patient, though the continuance in it should not exceed ten to fifteen minutes. The hot foot-bath should be of as high a temperature as can be borne, so as to redden the skin of the immersed parts effectually. The vessel used should be suffi- ciently deep to allow the legs to be immersed nearly to the knees. It is a valuable remedy in the early stages of catarrh, and local congestions of the head, chest, or abdomen ; and in the dyspnoea accompanying trypertrophy of the heart, it has often proved very beneficial. It may be rendered more stimulating by the addition of common salt, carbonate of potassium, or flour of mustard. In torpid states of the liver, a mixture of nitric and muriatic acids, in the proportion of about an ounce of each to every gallon of water, often proves highly useful. Vapor Bath. — This consists in either wholly enveloping the patient in the steam of hot water, or merely his body, or some of its parts. A much more elevated temperature can thus be borne than where the body is im- mersed in water, and its action is more confined to the skin ; hence, although less stimulating, it is more diaphoretic than the hot bath. Where the vapor is inhaled, the heated surface being extended, it is more powerful in its effects. It has proved of great benefit where an active revulsion to the surface is indicated, and also in the treatment of cutaneous diseases. It can be applied with little trouble. All that is required is that the patient be seated on a chair with a vessel of hot water placed beside him, and the whole enveloped with a blanket, to be thrown over his head if the vapor is to be breathed, or pinned around his neck where this is not the case. The steam soon surrounds his body, and causes a copious perspiration ; and, should it cease too soon to be evolved, its generation may be restored by dropping a heated brick or stone into the water. Where the vapor is not respired, it may be used of a higher temperature. The Warm Air Bath is more stimulating than the vapor bath, producing — especially where the warm air is also breathed — general uneasiness, heat of skin, excitement of the pulse, until a general perspiration ensues. It is readily administered even to persons in bed. The bedclothes should be ele- vated by a light frame, and the heated air be admitted by means of a tube. It has been found beneficial in chronic rheumatism, and was at one time much praised in the collapsed stage of cholera. DoucnES consist in the forcible application of a stream of hot or cold water to a part of the body, in such a manner that the force of the stream of the fluid shall aid the stimulant effect. The hot douche may be formed by pouring from a height hot water from a tea-kettle, or through a tube about an inch and a half in diameter, so as to cause the fluid to strike forcibly upon the affected part of the body, whilst at the same time per- cussion is employed ; or, in other words, the part is beaten by means of a Caoutchouc bottle, Stuffed with wool, and affixed to a cane handle. A temperature of 1G0° is readily borne in douching. When the disease MEDICATED BATHS. — AFFUSIOX. 671 is chronic rheumatism, or when deep-seated pains are to be removed, the douching should be continued for either half or three-quarters of an hour at a time; and the patient should be afterwards placed in bed between blankets, in order to encourage sweating. The most decisive advantage, in enlarged, stiff, and painful joints, results from this mode of douching. In cases of complicated fevers, and in some other diseases, in which in- flammation of the brain occurs, the cold douche is frequently ordered. The mode of applying it consists in pouring a stream of cold water on the shaved head. The patient should be raised in bed, and the head held over a basin, or other vessel, whilst a stream of cold water is directed on the crown, and the fall of the water gradually increased. After this, the head should be merely dried, but not rubbed. It not only soothes the patient, but often induces sleep, although it usually causes a most uncomfortable feeling at first; but relief is so quickly experienced, that its repetition is generally requested hy the invalid. A vapor douche is very stimulating, and when of a high temperature, and continued for any time, will cause vesication. It may be used as a counter-irritant instead of moxa. Medicated Baths are such as contain medicinal agents in solution in the water, and are used both topically and generally. Saline, acid, and alkaline substances, with iodine and sulphur, are the materials most commonly em- ployed. Medicated baths are sometimes natural, as those of sea water and certain mineral springs ; others consist of solutions of various articles, artificially prepared. Of the medicated baths, sea water is the most gene- rally used, more, however, for pleasure than for remedial purposes. It is not only stimulating, on account of its saline constituents, and its use followed by a perfect glow, but these constituents also exert a medicinal action on the system in certain diseases of debility. The nitro-muriatic acid bath has been found useful in diseases of the liver ; and alkaline, ioduretted, and alkaline sulphuretted baths are advantageously employed in many forms of cutaneous disease. Medicated vapor baths are prepared by impregnating aqueous vapor with the volatile principles of medicinal plants, though it is very doubtful whether they produce any effects that cannot be obtained from the simple vapor bath. But the fumes of sulphur, chlorine, camphor, mercmy, etc., in combination with aqueous vapor have been found to exert powerful effects on the system, and to be very effectual in the cure of certain diseases. Affusion. — This consists in pouring or dashing a quantity of water on ' the body, or a portion of the bod}-, from an inconsiderable height, most generally for the purpose of reducing its temperature ; but it is also em- ployed as a revulsive agent, and to give an impulse to the nervous sj-stem. Affusions are made with cold or tepid water. Cold affusion is one of the ! most powerful general means of abstracting caloric from the body, we 1 possess ; it not only lessens the temperature of the surface, but it diminishes the action of the heart. It has been successfully employed in the treatment of fevers, but its use requires much judgment as respects the time of its j application, which, according to Currie and others, is " when there is no sense of chilliness present, when the heat of the skin is steadilv above what is natural, and when there is no general or profuse perspiration." It should not be employed either in the cold or sweating stage of fever, or in the hot ' stage where the heat does not much exceed the natural standard. From in- attention to these circumstances, and from patients being injured by its effects, affusion is not at present often resorted to in the treatment of fevers. In scarlatina and some other of the exanthemata, it has been employed with 672 sponging. benefit, to reduce the morbid heat of skin. It is, however, more relied upon in inflammatory diseases of the brain; in these cases, the water is to be poured upon the head, inclined over a basin or tub, by means of a pitcher. In children, it is sufficient to squeeze a large sponge, previously saturated with cold water, at some height above the head. Where a general affusion is deemed necessaiy, the patient should be taken out of bed, his head having been previously shaved; and, being stripped naked and placed on a stool in an empty tub, from three to jiue gallons of water, at a temperature not under 40° Fahr., should be thrown over him. This affusion should be repeated until he feels coM, or rather until a rigor or shivering, or even chattering of the teeth, is experienced. He should then be dried, placed in bed, and a little warm wine and water administered to him, to aid the reaction and the consequent perspiration. But in cases where the invalid faints on raising him into the erect position ; where he feels chilly, although the thermometer indicates a high febrile tem- perature ; where the skin is bedewed with perspiration ; where the patient is a woman, and the monthly change is present ; or where the operation is dreaded, it ought not to be employed. The evening is the best time for using the cold affusion. Cool affusion is sometimes used instead of the cold, and is preferable for weak, irritable individuals. Tepid affusion is also beneficial in certain cases ; especially where there is a fear that perfect reaction will not take place after the application of cold water; or where disease of the pulmonary organs exists. It has been found very efficacious in scarlatina, as also in hectic fever. Warm affusion has likewise been used ; but its effects are far more temporary than those of the warm bath. Sponging. — The object of sponging the bocty, either with cold or with tepid water, is to reduce the heat of the surface by means of evaporation, with the view of softening the pulse and diminishing its frequency ; of ren- dering the skin perspirable; of relieving headache, checking delirium, and promoting sleep. In order to perform it well, the patient should be taken out of bed ; and, being undressed and placed in a chair, two or three per- sons should, at the same time, pass large sponges, wet with simple cold or tepid water, or vinegar and water, rapidly over different portions of the naked body, until the whole of it shall have been successively sponged, and a chill has come over the patient, who is then to be dried and placed in bed. This appears to be a simple process ; but it requires both caution and judgment to determine on its use, and to render it not only salutary but free from danger. For example, if, notwithstanding the continuance of great heat and dryness of the skin, a sensation of chilliness comes over the patient when the sponging is about to be done, the operation should be delayed ; neither should it be done if the smallest tendency to perspiration, indicated by moisture in the axillae, or on the palms of the hands, displays itself. But, if it has been done, and if partial relief has been obtained, if the heat of the skin returns, and the pulse rises, it may again be resorted to and repeated. But, besides the advantages to be obtained from sponging, during the presence, of disease, it is also productive of great benefit in warding off dis- eases, or in a prophylactic point of view. The sponging, however, under such circumstances, is to be performed in a different manner from that which has been described. In those predisposed to asthma and to bronchitis, known in ordinary Language by the term cold or cough, and in those, also, who are predisposed to croup, nothing is so serviceable in warding off the paroxysm of the former disease, or in preventing the attack of the latter malady, as cold and tepid FOMENTATIONS. 673 sponging of the chest and the trunk of the body. It is also equally service- able during dentition in infants, and as a general tonic in delicate conditions of the system. In these cases it should be followed by gentle friction over the surface of the body. Sponging the body, as a prophylactic, or as a tonic, is always most effica- cious when it is performed whilst the patient is still in bed. Let him sit up ; or, if unable to do so, let him be raised into the sitting position, keeping the lower limbs under the bedclothes. The night-shirt or night-dress is then to be stripped down, and a large towel or sheet put round the waist to prevent the bedclothes from being wetted. The naked trunk of the body and the upper part of the arms are then to be moistened with a sponge, or a piece of flannel, dipped either in cold or tepid water, or vinegar and water, or salt water, as the case may demand ; after which, in drying the skin, if water only has been used, brisk friction should be employed, so as to cause a general glow upon the surface. In some cases, salt and water, or vinegar and water are preferable to the simple water. The best proportions are two ounces of salt, or the same quanthry of common vinegar, to a pint of water. When these adjuncts are used, friction is not required; indeed, when salt water is em- ployed, the skin should be dried with a soft, old towel, fitted to soak up the water only, and to leave the saline particles upon the surface. The best time for using such spongings is just before getting out of bed in the morning. They may be used in winter as well as in summer. In efficacy they are certainly nearly equal to the shower-bath, which may be resorted to in vigorous habits ; but when the habit is delicate, and not equal to the reaction, on which the beneficial influence of the shower-bath rests, sponging is preferable. It should not be used when perspiration is present. Sponging is as beneficial as the shower-bath in rendering the habit less susceptible to cold; and, when conjoined with exercise in the open air and proper regimen, not only asthma, coughs, and catarrhs may be warded off by its employment, but the predisposition to tubercular consumption may be lessened, in a very remarkable degree, by its daily employment. Fomentations. — These may be regarded as a species of local bathing. | Although the decoctions usually employed are useful in aiding warmth, by | their soothing or sedative influence, yet they are secondary objects in the application of fometations, the intention being to convey heat, combined I with moisture, to the part fomented. Flannel cloths, wrung out of boiling j water, by means of two sticks turned in opposite directions, form the best I fomentations. If they be shaken up, and laid lightly over the part, they involve a considerable quantity of air, which, being a bad conductor, retains \ the heat in them for a considerable time. In every process of fomenting, there should be two flannels, each three yards long, with the ends sewed ; together, to admit of the boiling water being wrung out of them ; and the j one flannel should be got ready whilst the other is applied. The fineness or the coarseness of the flannel is not a matter of indifference : the coarser it is the less readily does it conduct heat, and the longer it retains its warmth ; therefore, it is more efficient for fomenting. White flannel also retains the t heat longer than colored flannel. Stuping is a variety of fomentation useful in many cases, but especially in affections of the eyes. The patient should be his own operator. He should sit up in bed, and should place, in the hollow of his hand, a small piece of flannel, wrung out of boiling water, and hold the hand at such a distance under the eyes that the vapors may rise to them — changing the flannel as often as it ceases to give out warm vapor. If narcotic or sedative 43 674 CATAPLASMS. additions are directed, they should be poured hot upon the flannel each time it is changed. Cataplasms, or Poultices, are modifications of fomentations ; they gene- rally consist of pulpy substances capable of absorbing much moisture, and of such consistence as to be applied accurately to any surface, however ir- regular. Their action, in most cases, depends upon the liquids with which they are moistened and the heat retained by the mass. Cataplasms may be emollient, medicated, or revulsive. Emollient Cataplasms are usually made of bread and water, linseed meal, Indian meal, slippery elm, etc., and water; or of mashed vegetable sub- stances, such as carrots and marshmallows. As warmth and moisture are the principal effects of emollient poultices, an excellent substitute for them is lint, dipped in warm water, and laid over the diseased part ; the lint should be covered with a towel, in order to pre- vent evaporation. This mode is much neater and more cleanly than any poultice, and where merely warmth and moisture are required, it will answer all the purposes intended. A peculiar fabric, called spongio-piline, consist- ing principally of sponge, has lately been invented in England, which is said to answer very well, when properly imbued with hot water, as a substi- tute for the simple emollient poultice. The addition of a little lard is useful, if the poultice does not require to be frequently changed. When the object, however, is to promote suppura- tion, the poultice should be frequently renewed, in which case the addition of the lard is unnecessary. Poultices should never be heavy, nor very bulky, but they should be fre- quently repeated. They are useful, in all cases of inflammation which can- not be backed, to assist the suppurative process and the advancement of the matter to the surface. After an abscess is opened, the poultices should still be continued for a few days. Poultices may be used, also, as fomentations in colic, and in inflammation of the bowels. In such cases, however, as the chief object is to allay pain and to soothe, they should be made with a de- coction of poppy-heads, instead of water. Medicated Cataplasms are those in which, to the simple emollient poultice, are added other ingredients, intended to exercise an influence on the part in- dependent of mere warmth and moisture ; as, for instance, the fermented poultice, in which yeast forms. a constituent, the charcoal poultice, and vari- ous others enumerated in the Formulary, all intended to fulfil certain indi- cations. Revulsive Cataplasms are those which, by inducing a local irritation or inflammation of the parts to which they are applied, act as derivatives. To this class belong mustard poultices, or Sinapisms, Cayenne pepper, garlic poultices, etc. Mustard poultices are made by rubbing the flour of mustard, of the shops, with water, into the consistence of a paste. When it is wished to have a weaker preparation, wheaten, rye, or linseed flour is to be added to the mus- tard in such proportions as arc deemed sufficient. The water used should be tepid, or merely warm ; a boiling temperature is injurious, as it tends to coagulate the albumen of the mustard, and thus to prevent the extrication of the volatile oil, which is the active principle. Vinegar is often used, but never increases the energy of the preparation, and, in the case of the black mustard, diminishes its power. This poultice should be spread thickly on a rag, as soon as it is prepared, and covered with gauze or tissue paper, in order to prevent adhesion to the skin. In a few minutes after it is applied, the sinapism causes a sensation of heat, which increases to almost intolera- ble burning. After some time the pain subsides, and is followed by a sense LOTIONS, LINIMENTS, EMBKO CATIONS. 675 of weight and throbbing of the arteries. If the sinapism be left on, how- ever, the burning pain again returns, and becomes so great, that few persons can bear the action of a mustard cataplasm longer than three-quarters of an hour. In delicate, sensitive people the sinapism need not remain applied above six or eight minutes, as the effect continues some time after its removal. If it remains too long on, gangrene may supervene; this cannot happen unless the invalid be insensible, as too much pain is felt to permit the lengthened application of a sinapism ; but, in cases of stupor or insensibility, or in low fevers, a sinapism, if left on longer than an hour, may cause both vesication and gangrene. If the redness only is required, the pain may be moderated by mixing with the paste a drachm of tincture of opium, or two drachms of tincture of henbane, neither of which, although they allay the pain, dimin- ishes the rubefacient activity of the sinapism. Asa substitute for the mustard poultice, where mere external irritation is required, the capsicum or red pepper will answer admirably, and it has the ad- vantage of not vesicating : it may be used as a poultice, by mixing the powder with bread and milk, or Indian meal, or as a lotion mixed with warm spirits. Lotions, Liniments, Embrocations, are medicines of a more or less fluid character, which are employed as external applications. They may be used as mere fomentations to soothe pain and remove inflammation, as a mode of introducing medicinal substances into the system, or as revulsive agents, according to their nature and composition. Liniments, which generally con- tain oily constituents, are usually aided by friction of the part to which they are applied, either with the hand alone, or with some article capable of ex- citing some irritation of the skin, as a piece of flannel or a soft flesh-brush. In many cases, in which liniments are found beneficial, the advantage ob- tained from them is attributable rather to the friction than to any medicinal power in the lotion itself. Frictions, whether simple or conjoined with liniments, are frequently im- portant aids to medical treatment. Simple friction is performed by the hand alone, or with a piece of flannel, a hair glove, or a flesh-brush. If it be properly performed, namely, by short, brisk strokes with the tips of the fingers, and with great celerity, when the naked hand is the agent ; and if it be continued for an hour or upwards, and repeated several times a day — its influence in reducing swelled glands and swellings of the joints, as well as in alleviating rheumatic pains, is very great ; but, besides being well per- formed, the friction should be continued for half an hour, in order to render it useful. Friction, when performed in a gentle, slow, and equable manner, by pro- ducing a continued repetition of an agreeable impression on the nervous system, acts as a soother of pain, independent of any aid from opiate lini- ments, and also induces sleep. The beneficial influence depends, in a great measure, on its transferring the attention of the sufferer from the seat of pain, and confining it to the mild and agreeable sensation impressed by the friction. In performing it, the operator should sit by the side of the bed, and, introducing the hand under the bedclothes, rub the legs or the arms gently, with equally lengthened, but slow movements. When the invalid is a child, its influence is more powerful when aided by a monotonous, but a soft tune, which, although it operates upon a distinct sense, yet, by combi- nation, renders the friction more soporific. When friction is intended to stimulate the surface, it is necessary to aid its influence by liniments containing ammonia, or camphor, or some other excitant or acrid substance ; but these should be ordered by the medical attendant. In applying them, the same method should be adopted as when 676 VESICATORIES, OR BLISTERS. — SETOKS. simple friction is employed ; but the hand of the operator must be guarded by a glove from the influence of the acrimony of the liniment. Friction is also used to introduce various substances — namely, mercurials, iodine, opium, etc., — into the body through the medium of the skin. The rubbing, in such cases, ought to be brisk, and applied with sufficient force to abrade slightly the cuticle ; and continued until the substance, which is usually in the form of an ointment, disappears, owing to the absorption by the skin induced by the friction. In using such frictions, the hand of the operator should be guarded by a glove ; otherwise, he is likely to suffer salivation, or some other unpleasant result, from the introduction of the medicinal agent into his own sj^stem. Yesicatories, or Blisters, have already been noticed in the introduction (p. 75), and do not require to be further commented upon. Issues are small ulcers artificially established for the purpose of procuring and keeping up a discharge of pus. They form an important derivative remedy in many diseases, and are to be formed by the following methods : the simplest is by the application of a small blister, which is to be dressed with some epispastic or irritating ointment. It is, however, difficult to pre- vent the sore from healing, and the discharge is seldom sufficiently copious. They are also formed by making incisions through the skin, and inserting issue peas into the wound. The best and most effectual plan is by the use of caustic ; this is done by means of a piece of leather, spread with adhesive plaster, through which a hole is made of the size of the intended issue ; this is to be warmed and applied to the skin, so as to apply closely. The aper- ture is then to be filled with the caustic, in the form of a paste, and covered with another piece of leather, spread as above. These are to be left on until the skin is destroyed, and then to be removed and a poultice applied until the eschar separates. The late Dr. Wistar was in the habit of recommending the application of a small blister, and of rubbing the vesicated surface with caustic potassa for a few minutes. This is an expeditious and excellent method, as it is effectual and gives but little pain. The issue is kept open either by the introduction of peas, or a piece of lint smeared with the oint- ment of savine, into the wound. The peas operate by mechanical irritation ; and, as they swell from the action of the heat and the moisture of the ulcer, they tend also to enlarge the wound. The peas should be changed at least once in twenty-four hours. Instead of the peas, it has been advised to use a small block of hard wood, with the lower surface cut into lozenges ; these, pressing on the surface of the sore, occasion a copious discharge, and it will be found more convenient of application than peas. The very irritation, how- ever, b}' which the discharge is maintained is apt to cause fungous growths from the bottom of the wound, which should be kept down ; this is to be done by dressing the issue occasionally with some escharotic, as burnt alum or red precipitate. Issues should be washed twice a day with warm water ; otherwise, they are apt to become very offensive. Setons are wounds kept in a suppurating state Irv means of some foreign body, which prevents their healing. They are made by passing a seton needle, armed with a skein of silk, thread, or a slip of gum elastic, through a folded portion of the skin, withdrawing the needle, and leaving the silk in the wound. If a seton needle cannot be procured, the puncture may be made with a thumb-lancet or bistoury, and the silk passed through the wound by menus of an eyed probe. The edges of the wound are apt, how- ever, after if. has been discharging for some length of time, to become callous, and the discharge to cease. When this occurs, the irritating substance should OINTMENTS. — CERATES. 677 be smeared with some stimulating ointment. It should be recollected that much mischief may result from suddenly suppressing or removing either an issue or a seton. If this takes place, purgatives should be administered, and the discharge of the issue or the seton checked as gradually as possible. Ointments are simple or compound fatty bodies of a soft consistence, which are applied to the skin by inunction. They are more consistent than liniments, but softer than cerates. Simple ointment consists of one part of wax and four of lard, melted together and thoroughly mixed. This prepara- tion is the basis of many compound ointments. Compound ointments are of three kinds : one consisting of simple ointment, combined mechanically with various substances ; the second, formed by dissolving the active ingre- dients in melted ointment or lard ; the third, made by uniting substances to the fatty matters that induce a chemical action between them. Compound ointments of the first class are mixtures of the fatty basis with various solid and liquid substances ; these are incorporated by trituration in a mortar, or on a stone slab. "When hard substances enter into the combina- tion, they require to be previously reduced to a fine powder, or, if they are soluble, to be rubbed into a paste with an appropriate menstruum, and then admixed. When extracts form constituents of an ointment, if they are not of a soft consistence, they should be rendered so by trituration with water before they are mixed with the fatty body. The mixture of two or more ointments may be effected by rubbing them together on a stone slab by means of a spatula. Compound ointments of the second kind are made by boiling recent vege- table substances in the fatty basis, until all the water of vegetation is driven off; the heat should then be reduced to about that of boiling water, when the ointment is to be strained. Those of the third kind, as citrine ointment, are prepared by adding the constituents gradually together, aided by heat and constantly stirring. Ointments are preserved by keeping them in glazed jars, with the surface covered with tin foil. According to M. Deschamps, the admixture of a twenty- fifth part of benzoin with the fatty matter used to make the ointment, will prevent or greatly retard the process of decomposition. An ointment of benzoin is now officinal. In the case of ointments for highly irritable sur- faces, this plan answers well ; where it is inexpedient, the ointments should be renewed at short intervals. The use of yellow in the place of white wax, as formerly employed, likewise prevents the decomposition of the fat. Cerates consist of a basis of wax and a fatty matter, with which other substances are incorporated. They are of such a consistence as to be soft- ened, but not melted, by the warmth of the body. The general directions for making them are similar to those for ointments. Many preparations of the present class are made by simply mixing or triturating their component parts together. But when resins, wax, sperma- ceti, or concrete oils are to be mixed either together or with fluid oils, it is better to unite them with the aid of heat, which not only liquefies the solids, but likewise renders them much more soluble in the liquids. Brisk agitation is required while the mixture concretes on cooling; otherwise, the solid ingredients will separate either mechanically or by crystallization. Even in purifying lard or suet by fusion and filtration, it is right to stir the mass as it cools ; otherwise, the stearin or solid oil is apt to separate in part from the elain or liquid oil, so that an irregular mixture of the two principles is ob- tained. A gentle heat is sufficient for making ointments, cerates, and the like, because most of the ingredients are easily fusible ; and a strong heat must be avoided, for in that case acrid acids are engendered, which may 678 PLASTERS alter the properties of the preparation. Hence the vapor-bath is generally used for applying heat ; and it ought always to be employed in operations on a large scale. When the cerate is intended to irritate and not to soothe, a high tempera- ture or prolonged application of heat may be employed, which, in some cases, is advantageous, as in the cerate of cantharides, by more effectually dissolving out the active principle. Plasters are more consistent than cerates, adhesive at the temperature of the body, and requiring the aid of heat to soften them sufficiently to be spread. They are of two kinds ; one consisting of a compound of olive oil and litharge, or an oleo-palmitate of lead, having the common lead plaster as a basis, united to resinous or other substances ; the other, composed wholly of resinous matters, or these mixed with fatty substances or wax. Fig. 37. ■i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii i iiii i ii i i i iiiiii ill ^Iwiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiili ? Apparatus for Spreading Plasters. Fig. 37 represents a convenient apparatus for spreading plasters, ace is a solid block of wood, rather larger than the intended plaster, and having the upper surface c made slightly convex ; b a is a tinned sheet-iron lid to cover the block, to which it is fastened by the hinge r, and further secured by the clasps seen at d ; n is an oblong opening in the cover of the exact size of the plaster ; mis a frame for marking the leather into squares. The leather, thus prepared, is placed on the convex surface c, the lid bdia turned down and fastened by the clasps, as seen in the figure i h. The plaster melted in the pan k is then poured on the leather i, and, by means of the iron instru- ment g, is spread uniformly over its surface. When cool, it is separated from the frame by passing the sharp-pointed instrument I around its inner margins. In making plasters, it is necessary, in most cases, to operate at a temper- fit are that will not volatilize or carbonize the ingredients; hence, a water- bath or steam heat is preferred. In the case of the burnt plaster (onguent de la mere of the Paris Codex), sufficient heat is employed to cause the fats to fume. Plasters should be made in metallic vessels, much larger than will contain the substances to be operated upon, as the mass increases in bulk by the action of heat causing an extrication of vapors. The water ordered in making lead plaster should be added at the commencement of the process ; SUPPOSITORIES. 679 otherwise, when poured on the melted mass, it may cause a projection of portions of the heated materials on the operator. The ingredients should be thoroughly stirred together during the process of melting. When this opera- tion is concluded, the plaster is to be removed, in small portions at a time, into a vessel constantly supplied with cold water ; and, when sufficiently consistent, rolled into cylinders on a wet marble, and again placed in cold water to harden. To render plasters of a lighter color, they are kneaded and pulled under water ; but this process should not be practised on compound plasters containing substances soluble in water ; nor should these plasters be cooled in water, but suffered to chill on a marble slab until fit to be made into rolls. Some of the officinal plasters belong to the second class, and are made by melting resinous matters with the addition of certain oleaginous substances or wax. Plasters are preserved by enveloping the rolls with oiled paper, to exclude the air as much as possible. When kept for any length of time, they are apt to become hard and brittle, and to lose their color. When this is the case, they should be re-melted by a gentle heat, and sufficient oil added to restore their proper consistence. Spreading plasters for use requires skill and address on the part of the operator. They are spread on various textures, but most generally on linen or cotton cloth, or leather. The shape and size must be regulated by the part to which they are to be applied. The plaster is to be spread on the leather or cloth by means of a heated spatula of a peculiar form ; this is brought in contact with the end of a roll, which, becoming liquefied, can then be evenly diffused over the surface ; or the plaster is carefully fused by heat, and when it has acquired a thick consistence, it is evenly and smoothly spread over the material by means of a spatula heated sufficiently to keep it of a soft consistence. Where the plaster is sufficiently adhesive to maintain its place when applied to the body, it is to be spread so as to leave about half an inch of margin uncovered ; but where it does not possess this quality in suffi- cient degree, it should be surrounded with an adhesive margin, which is to be prepared before spreading the bocty of the plaster. Full and particular directions for spreading plasters will be found in Procter's edition of Mohr and Redwood, p. 516, et seq. Suppositories. — The pharmacopoeia gives the following directions regard- ing their preparation : — " Mix the medicinal portion with a small quantity of oil of theobroma, by rubbing them together, and add the mixture to the remainder of the oil of theobroma previously melted and cooled to the temperature of 95°. Then mix thoroughly without applying more heat, and immediately pour the mixture into suitable moulds Fig. 38. having the capacity of thirty grains each. The moulds, previously made cold, must be kept so by immersion in iced water. All difficulty in removing suppositories from the moulds may be obviated by having the moulds previously dusted with lycopo- dium. In the absence of suitable moulds, supposi- tories may be iormed by allowing the mixture, refrigerator. prepared as above, to cool, care having been taken to keep the ingredients well mixed, and dividing it into parts, each of which shall weigh thirty grains, and may be made into a conical or other convenient form for a suppository." If moulds are not employed in preparing suppositories, it has been sug- gested to reduce the butter of cacao, by grating and sifting, into an uniform powder, with a portion of which the medicinal ingredients are to be thoroughly 680 FUMIGATIONS. mixed upon a porcelain slab ; the remainder of the butter of cacao is then added, and if care be taken to avoid too much friction, so that the oil is not liquefied, the mixture may at once be rolled out into a cylinder, which is then divided into the requisite number of equal parts, each of which is rolled into a conical shape, either with the fingers or by means of a spatula. Suppository moulds are made of pewter or brass ; a convenient mould for six or more suppositories may be made of plaster of Paris, as suggested by C. E. Dwight in American Journal of Pharmacy, 1873, p. 5. Fumigations are extrications of vapors or gases, designed to modify the air of a sick chamber, and to mask any unpleasant odors that may be present, or to produce a medicinal effect on those parts of the body with which they are brought in contact. Fumigations, for the purpose of obviating or masking unpleasant odors in a sick room, should never be employed to supersede ventilation and cleanli- ness ; for most of them, instead of purifying the air, only render it more unfit for respiration. They are generally made by burning pastilles, sugar, juniper berries, benzoin, etc., so as to create an odoriferous smoke. As disinfecting agents, they are utterly useless ; and are relics of an ancient custom of burning frankincense and other odorous substances in vitiated air, to over- come the fetor which is more or less present. They disguise unpleasant odors ; but they accomplish nothing more. The infection remains not only unaltered by the diffusion of the most powerful aromatic vapors, but its deleterious properties are sometimes augmented by them. The fumes of burning camphor, and the vapors arising from its tincture, have more pretensions than either of the above to the name of a useful article of fumigation. It is much employed and confided in on the Continent ; but the experience both of American and British plrysicians does not warrant the opinion that it possesses any power of destroying infection or contagion. Nothing is more ridiculous than the custom, which was at one time very general, and which is still continued to a certain extent — namely, that of carrying a camphor-bag about the person, as a protection against infectious diseases. Vinegar is, not without reason, regarded as possessing some chemical in- fluence in decomposing infectious and contagious matters : and consequently, it is almost invariably sprinkled over the floor of the rooms of those suffering under infectious diseases ; or the vapor of hot vinegar is diffused through their apartments. It is thought to be still more salubrious, and a more powerful disinfectant, when it holds camphor or aromatic oils in solution ; hence the great popularity of the preparations called Aromatic Vinegar and Thieves' Vinegar (see p. 87). The repute of the latter is founded upon a stoiy, that four thieves, who plundered the dead bodies during the plague at Marseilles, with perfect security, on being questioned respecting the cause of this impunity, confessed, on the condition of their lives being spared, that they attributed it solely to the use of Aromatic Vinegar. Vinegar, in this state of combination, is extremely agreeable and refreshing, both to the invalid and the attendants of the sick room. The benefit which it produces depends upon a certain degree of stimulus imparted to the sensi- tive nerves, which are generally in a low condition in an infectious atmo- sphere ; but, as a chemical agent, its powers are too feeble to be followed by much benefit. It is, however, always refreshing, and is much better adapted for overpowering the unpleasant odors of the sick room than any of the former substances. The most efficacious fumigations that can be employed are those of chlo- rine. This disinfecting gas is extricated from a mixture of common salt, black oxide of manganese, and sulphuric acid (see p. 222). Instead of BLOOD-LETTING. 681 chlorine disengaged in this mode, it is more common to use the chloride of lime, the chloride of soda, or the chloride of potash; solutions of either of these, placed in shallow vessels in a room, will give off chlorine in a gradual manner, hy a decomposition of their constituents. Some difference of opinion exists as to the mode in which this gas acts. Dr. A. T. Thomson is of opinion that it operates by decomposing the infected air : — " With regard to the mode in which chlorine operates, the most probable opinion is that it decomposes the infectious matter, which is a compound. One principle of this compound seems to be hydrogen ; another ammonia ; and a third a fetid volatile oil ; besides the unknown matter of infection. The chlorine unites with the hydrogen and forms hydrochloric acid, which combines with the second component of the infectious medium — namely, ammonia — and forms sal ammoniac ; the withdrawing of both of which from the air causes the precipitation of the volatile oil ; whilst the chlorine also neutralizes the real matter of infection, whatever it may be ; and thus the vitiated atmosphere is purified." Although chlorine is capable of destroying fetid and unpleasant odors in the sick room, it is liable to many objections. However extricated, it is apt to create irritation of the respiratory organs, and coughing, when respired ; it corrodes all metallic substances, and must, therefore, be used with caution ; from the chlorides evolving the gas more slowly, they are, in most cases, preferable to the immediate extrication of chlorine from salt and manganese. Other acid fumigations have also been found useful as disinfectants ; as those of nitrous acid, so highly recommended by Smith and Carmichael, and considered by Christison even as superior to chlorine. Sulphurous acid fumes, produced by burning sulphur, have likewise been recommended. Both are capable of destroying unpleasant odors and emanations ; but the same objections apply against their use in a sick chamber — that of causing much irritation of the organs of respiration ; hence they are unfitted to cases where there is any disease or weakness of these parts. Carbolic acid has, of late years, been extensively employed as a disinfectant, and found to possess considerable merit. Fumigations, used as medicinal agents, are much more prescribed on the Continent of Europe than in Great Britain or the United States. They are sometimes employed as inhalations — as emollient vapors in the treatment of bronchial affections ; and balsamic vapors in affections of the chest. They are also used externally, as the fumes of benzoin in rheumatic and gouty complaints ; those of aloes in deficient menstruation ; those of sulphur and mercury in various diseases of the skin. The effects of fumigations vary according to the temperature at which the vapors are used ; when it is high, and the whole body of the patient is exposed to it, it produces much the same train of symptoms as those caused by a vapor bath. When the fumigation is made with substances which give off no watery vapors, the phenomena that result are analogous to those of a heated air-bath, but more marked, especially those which occur in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. BLOOD-LETTING. Yarious methods are practised for this purpose. General bleeding is per- formed by opening a vein, called venesection ; or by puncturing an artery, which has received the name of arteriotomy. Topical blood-letting is prac- tised by opening the small vessels of a part by means of slight incisions, or what is called scarification, by the application of leeches, and by cupping. 682 GENERAL BLOOD-LETTING. General Blood-letting. — Venesection is one of the most frequently em- ployed of the different modes of detracting blood. It is usually practised on one of the veins of the arm. A band or ligature is to be applied around the arm above the point at which the vein is to be opened, so as to obstruct the passage of the blood to the heart; this causes an enlargement and turgidity of the vessel below the ligature. This bandage should never be applied so tightly as to prevent the passage of blood in the arteries of the part. The vein is to be opened by means of a common or thumb lancet, or a spring lancet. In using the first, the vein is to be kept from rolling by means of the thumb of the left hand placed a small distance below where the puncture is to be made ; but care should be taken not to alter the relative position of the skin and vein, because in resuming their position after the lancet is in- serted, the aperture through the skin will no longer correspond with that in the vein, in consequence of which a thrombus or ecchymosis will form — a very common accident in venesection. The lancet is to be pushed into the vein, and when its point is within the cavity of the vessel, it is to be carried forward a little, so as to enlarge sufficiently the opening. The arm is to be kept extended after the operation until the necessary quantity of blood is taken. If the blood should not flow as freely as is desired, the patient should exert the muscles of the arm by grasping a stick, or moving the fingers. The spring-lancet is much used in some parts of the United States, and is almost universally employed in Philadelphia. This has arisen, in great measure, from its being preferred to the common lancet by Dr. Physick, as w^ell as by Dr. Dorsey, whose reasons for this preference are thus given in his "Elements of Surgery:" — . " In a country, situated like the United States, where every surgeon, ex- cept those residing in the large cities, is compelled to be his own cutler, at least so far as to keep his instruments in order, the spring-lancet has a decided preference over the lancet ; the blade of this can with great ease be sharpened by any man of common dexterity, and if not very keen, it does no mischief, whereas a dull lancet is a most dangerous instrument ; and no one can calculate with certainty the depth to which it will enter: to sharpen a lancet is regarded by the cutler as one of his nicest and most difficult jobs ; it is one to which few surgeons are competent. " The safety of using the fleam is demonstrated by daily experience ; there is no country in which venesection is more frequently performed than in the United States, and, perhaps, none where fewer accidents from the operation have occurred ; of these few, I beg leave to state that all the aneurisms produced by bleeding, which I have seen, have been in cases where the lancet was used. I have since, however, met with an exception to this statement. I have seen the brachial artery opened by a spring-lancet, but it was by an old barber, half blind, and very clumsy." " The manner of using the spring-lancet differs in nothing from the opera- tion with the common lancet, excepting that the surgeon must place the instru- ment in such a situation over the vein that, when the spring is touched, the orifice into the vein will have a proper size and direction. Dexterity in this is very readily and speedily acquired. In point of facility in its use, it has a great advantage over the lancet. " Among the advantages of the spring-lancet, economy is not the least. A country practitioner who is constantly employing the English lancets, and who is particular in using none but the best, must necessarily consume half the emolument derived from the operation in the purchase of his instruments. One spring-lancet, with an occasional new blade, will serve him nil his life." After a sufficient quantity of blood lias been drawn, the flow is to be stopped by removing the ligature and placing a finger on the orifice, when GENERAL BLOOD-LETTING. 683 any blood that has soiled the arm is to be wiped off, and the edges of the orifice carefully brought together, that the} T may unite by the first intention. To accomplish this, let the bleeder, with the thumb of that hand which holds the arm, push the skin towards the orifice, while he draws it on the other side to the same point with the compress ; thus the skin will be thrown into folds at the wound, over which he is immediately to apply the compress, which should be broad, to keep the skin better together, and thick, to make the compression more certain. When blood-letting is ordered, everything required for the operation should be at hand. The ligature for t3*ing the arm, so as to obstruct the flow of blood in the veins below it, should be a soft old ribbon ; and the same may be employed for securing the pledget over the orifice, when the flow of the blood is to be stopped. The pledget or compress should be a piece of linen, folded into a square form, about an inch in diameter, and comprehending three or four thicknesses of the material. It is always proper to use a graduated basin for receiving the blood, that the exact quantity drawn may be ascertained. If the invalid be bled in bed, he should sit erect ; if he be up, he should be placed erect in a chair. When the operator is dexterous, there is little or no necessity for guarding either the bed or the clothes of the patient from the blood; as the pressure of the thumb of the operator, placed below the point where the vein is to be punctured, should not be relaxed until the utensil for receiving the blood be conveniently placed for that purpose. A basin with a little tepid water, and a clean, soft towel, should be ready for washing and drying the arm, before the compresses and the bandage for preventing the further escape of the blood be applied. When a nurse or an attendant is not fully instructed in her duty, there is always considerable anxiety displayed to provide smelling salts and other means to obviate fainting. But, in man}^ cases, much of the benefit of blood- letting depends on the fainting which it causes ; and the propriety of check- ing that effect should be left entirely to the plrysician. No person should be present at this operation, nor should any one attempt to hold the basin for receiving the blood, who is liable to become sick or faint at the sight of blood. The arm should not be used for some hours after a vein has been opened in it; but, if everything has gone on well, the bandage ma}^ be removed at the end of two days. When this has been applied too tightly, the forearm and hand are apt to swell and become painful, in which case the bandage is to be loosened. If, on removing the bandage, it is found that the orifice, instead of being closed, presents an inflamed appearance, with its lips swelled and red, the arm is to be kept perfectly quiet, the edges of the wound brought in contact, and some cool application made to the part, to relieve the inflam- ■ mation. In those cases where the inflammation extends beyond the orifice, and assumes an erysipelatous appearance, with a hard and painful tumor around the wound, a compress is to be applied upon the vein at the inflamed part, to make the two sides adhere together; if they do not' adhere, simple contact will still be sufficient to prevent suppuration in this part ; or, if in- i flammation has gone so far as to make the surgeon suspect that suppuration i has taken place, then the compress must be put upon that part of the vein just above the suppuration. The remedy for inflammation of the veins consequent on venesection, which i answers best, is the application of a blister over the inflamed part. As soon ' as the inflammation commences, a small plaster of simple cerate, spread on linen, should be applied on the orifice, and over this, a blister large enough to cover the whole inflamed part, extending three or four inches from the orifice in every direction. This remedy was first proposed, and made use of, by Dr. Physick, and has been employed by many pl^sicians with great suc- cess, even after extensive inflammation of the vein has taken place. 684 ARTERIOTOMY. — TOPICAL BLOOD-LETTING. Sometimes it becomes expedient to open the external jugular vein. To do this, the head should be laid ou one side, and the vein compressed by the operator's thumb near the clavicle, and the opening made in that part of the vein which lies over the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle. 1 The blood soon ceases to escape after the pressure is removed, but a small strip of adhesive plaster is necessary. In children, especially where they are very fat, a vein in the leg or foot can often be found, especially about or above- the malleolus, when none are percep- tible in the arm. To promote their distension, and to increase the bleeding when they are opened, it is found useful to immerse the limb in warm water. In bleeding young children from the arm, when they are restless and fret- ful, it is a good plan to attach the child's arm to the left forearm of the operator, by means of ligatures at the wrist and centre of the arm ; by this means, complete control is obtained over the motion of the child's arm, and the venesection'can be accomplished with comparative ease. Arteriotomy is the opening of an artery to detract blood. It is much more limited than venesection in its application, being practised only upon the temporal and posterior auricular arteries ; and, in most cases, is restricted to the former only. In this, the anterior branch is preferred, where it passes above the exterior angle of the e}^ebrow. In performing the operation, the vessel is to be partially divided transversely, and not longitudinally. When as much blood has been drawn as is deemed necessary, the incision is to be deepened so as to divide the artery entirely. On the consequent retraction of the cut extremities, the bleeding will generally cease ; if it should not, a graduated compress, maintained in place by a bandage around the head, is to be applied. Topical Blood-letting. — This consists of the abstraction of blood by cupping, leeching, or scarification. Cujjping is performed in the following manner: The skin being softened by means of a sponge and warm water, a small bell-like glass, known as a cupping-glass, having the air contained in it rarified by being passed over the flame of a lamp, or by ether means, is immediately applied to the part, all hair and other extraneous substances being previously removed ; from the formation of a vacuum beneath the cup, the pressure of the air on the sur- rounding surface causes that portion included in the cup to swell, and the vessels to become turgid. When this has taken place, the cup is removed and several incisions made by means of a scarificator, an instrument con- taining numerous lancets, which, by means of a spring, can make a corre- sponding number of incisions at the same moment; the depth of these incisions can be regulated by means of a screw which protrudes or withdraws the lancet, according to the vascularity of the part, the quantity of blood to be drawn, etc. When a sufficient quantity of blood has collected in the cup, it is to be removed by introducing the nail of one of the fingers under the edge, by which means, air being allowed to enter, the cup becomes de- tached. The part being washed with warm water to remove an} r clots of blood, the cup is again to be applied as above, and the operation continued till a sufficient quantity of blood is obtained. Sometimes, especially when applied to the scalp, the cups fill so rapidly with blood, as to become detached almost immediately on being applied. 1 In bleeding from the jugular vein, it is generally advisable to compress both of the external jugulars. This is easily done, by placing the thumb of the left hand upon one jugular vein, and the forefinger of the same hand upon the other. If this point is not attended to, the operation may fail, iii consequence of the free anastomosis across the neck, and the passage of the blood downwards upon the opposite side. TOPICAL BLOOD-LETTING. 685 For the operation of cupping, a basin of hot water, sponges, and clean soft towels are to be provided. It is generally considered as a severe and painful operation; but this is not the case, if the operator understands his business. This is readily ascertained by observing the manner in which the cups are applied, and the rapidity with which they are filled. A good cupper does not exhaust much of the air in the cup before applying it, but simply passes its mouth rapidly over the flame of a lamp ; for, when it is held over the flame even for a few seconds, the compression of the edge of the cup upon the skin is so great, that it operates as a ligature, and checks the flow of the blood to the scarified part ; hence very little blood is pro- cured. A good cupper, also, removes the cups without spilling the blood which they contain ; and the whole operation is completed in a short time. In our large towns, it is but seldom that physicians, nurses, or those at- tending in a sick room, are called upon to perform the operation of cupping, as professional cuppers are readily to be obtained ; but in small towns or villages, this is not the case, and the duty devolves either upon the physician or on those acting as nurses ; and hence some directions are necessary to those unaccustomed to this task. Few are found sufficiently expert to exhaust the air in the cup by means of the lamp; and even among the pro- fessional cuppers in this city this mode is very rare, though, when properly performed, it is by far the best. The usual plan is to rarefy the air in the cup by means of a small cone of paper, dipped in spirits of wine, or strong brandy ; this is ignited and thrown into the cup, which is instantly to be applied to the intended spot. Where the proper cupping-glasses and scari- ficator are not to be had, wineglasses or very small tumblers may be substi- tuted for the first, and small incisions by means of a thumb-lancet will answer the purpose of the latter. A very convenient apparatus may be obtained at most of the surgical instrument-makers, consisting of cups and an exhausting syringe fitted to them, by which even the most inexperienced nurse can perform the operation of cupping. The cicatrices of the scarifications leave a permanent mark ; on which account, females should not be cupped upon the nape of the neck ; but when blood is to be drawn from the head, the glasses should be applied behind the ears, and a portion of hair removed in such a manner that it may be covered by what remains. When cupping-glasses are applied without any scarification being practised, the operation is called dry cupping, and is much used to cause a speedy irritation of the skin for the relief of oppression of breathing, local pains, etc. To obtain the full benefit from this operation, the cups should be suffered to remain upon the part until they cause an exudation of a small quantity of serum, or great irritation of the part. The application of dry cups has been found extremely beneficial in poisoned wounds ; they act not only by abstracting the poison, but also, by the pressure they exercise on and around the part, in preventing the absorption of it. The experiments of Dr. Barry in England, and of Drs. Pennock and Rodrigue in this country, show unequivocally the value of this plan of treatment. Leeching consists in the application of leeches to any vascular part of the body. These are annulated animals, having an extensile, soft bocty, ter- minated at each extremity with a muscular disk, the anterior of which is furnished below with a mouth having three crescentic jaws, armed with numerous sharp teeth. To draw blood, the leech first renders the part tense by means of the anterior disk, which acts like a cupping-glass, and then makes a triangular wound by a saw-like motion of its tri-radiate jaws ; it then draws the blood by suction, until it is completely gorged, when it detaches itself and falls off. Leeches are seldom properly applied or managed. The part to which 686 TOPICAL BLOOD-LETTING. they are intended to be applied should be washed with a little soap and warm water, then with simple cold water, and, lastly, it should be well dried. If the part be hot and inflamed, the leeches should be put, for a few minutes, into tepid water ; and this should be done, also, when they are to be applied in the mouth, or to any part of the body warmer than the general surface ; but, at all times, before they are applied, they should be dried between the folds of a clean soft towel. The easiest and best mode of applying them is, first, to place the number to be used in a hollow made with the points of the fingers in a towel folded like a napkin ; then, so to turn the towel and the leeches upon the part where it is intended they should fix, that the towel will cover them. The hand must be kept over the towel, to prevent their escape, until they all bite, which usually happens in a few minutes ; after which, the towel may be removed. By this method, twenty or thirty leeches can be applied more rapidly and with less trouble than two, when each leech is separately applied. Another plan is to put the leeches into a pill-box or small glass, and apply this over the part to which it is designed they should attach themselves. If this plan, however, cannot be pursued, owing to the nature of the part to which they are to be applied — as, for example, the inner or outer angle of the eye — then the simplest method is to scratch the skin with the point of a needle, and to apply the leech to the spot moistened with blood. When they are to be applied within the mouth, or any open cavity, each leech should be put into a large quill, with its head towards the open end of the quill, which should be applied to the part, and retained upon it until the leech is fixed, when the quill may be gently withdrawn; but a thread should be tied round the tail of the leech when it is to be applied within the mouth, to prevent it from being swallowed — an acci- dent which has occasionally happened, and has been productive of serious consequences. Leeches should never be forcibly detached, as their teeth are apt to sepa- rate, and, being left in the wound, to cause an erysipelatous inflammation of the part. They should be permitted to drop spontaneously, which being the result of a temporary suffocation (asphyxia), all muscular energy ceases in the animal, and, the teeth shrinking, it drops off entire. A bread-and- water poultice, not too hot, should then be laid over the bites, to encourage the bleeding. The invalid should be kept warm in bed when it is necessary to abstract a large quantity of blood. In general, the bites soon cease to bleed; but, in some instances, a copious flow takes place; and, therefore, to prevent exhaustion, the poultice should be frequently examined. This exhaustion is more likely to occur in children than in adults; and, for the same reason, leeches should not be applied upon children late in the evening unless they are very urgently required. It is also proper, in young patients, to select for their application a part which admits of pressure ; for example, the thorax and temples, where the bones are covered with a thin layer of soft parts. Sometimes the hemorrhage continues so as to become alarming ; in such cases, where pressure is unavailing or cannot be practised, creasote or some of the styptics applied to the bites will be found useful. Powdering the spot with rye flour has also proved effectual. When these means fail, cauterizing the bites by means of a fine point of nitrate of silver, or with a red-hot probe or knitting-needle generally proves successful. S'-ariftcations are slight incisions made in a vascular part, in order to relieve the engorged capillaries; they are practised in inflammations of the conjunctiva, and in those of the tonsils, with much benefit in many cases. The operation is very simple, consisting merely in dividing the surface of the inflamed parts to a slight depth with the point of a lancet or scalpel, and encouraging the bleeding by means of warm water. POISONS Poisons are usually defined to be substances of an animal, vegetable, or mineral nature, which, when administered in a small quantity, are capable of producing deleterious effects on the animal economy, and, in some instances, of causing the same consequences when applied to the surface of the body. But this definition is not strictly accurate, and is not applicable to all cases of poisoning ; nor is it, perhaps, possible to give in a few words such an one as would include all poisonous agents. Poisons are usually arranged accord- ing to their action on the system ; but, as the alphabetical plan has been pursued in the main body of this work, it will be continued in the present instance. For full information on the subject, the reader is referred to the work of A. S. Taylor, "On Poisons in relation to Medical Jurisprudence and Medicine." General Antidote for poisoning, in which the nature of the poison is unknown: — R. Calcined magnesia, } Pulverized charcoal, >• equal parts, in a sufficient quantity of water. Sesquioxide of iron, ) This preparation is perfectly innocent, and is very likely to be efficacious, for its ingredients, though simple, are antidotes to the most common and active poisons. — Bull, de Therap. Acid, Acetic. Symptoms. — Great heat and burning pain in the stomach, convulsions, death. Morbid Appearances. — Mouth and fauces brownish ; lingual papillae en- larged ; oesophagus lined with a brownish adventitious membrane ; stomach livid and even blackened ; vessels much injected. Antidotes. — Magnesia or its carbonates mixed into a cream with water ; soap, and the alkalies. Acid, Arsenious, or Arsenic. — A metallic, corrosive poison. Symptoms. — A metallic, austere taste ; a great flow of saliva ; nausea and vomiting ; fainting, great thirst ; a sensation of heat in the stomach, which, in many cases, rejects the mildest fluids ; much griping, tenesmus, and purging ; the stools being dark-colored and very offensive ; the urine scanty and high-colored ; the pulse small, frequent, and often intermittent ; distressing palpitation of the heart, with labored respiration and cold sweats ; prostration of strength ; sometimes paralysis of the extremities, delirium, convulsions, etc. Morbid Appearances generally confined to the stomach and intestines ; in the stomach, in the form of intense inflammation, but not of erosion or abrasion ; the inflammation is also evident in the upper intestines, but slight in the colon, though often violent in the rectum. The morbid appearances of other organs various. Sometimes no morbid phenomena to be found. Tests. — In the solid state: it is entirely sublimed by heat. If mixed ( 687 ) 638 ACID, BORACIC. — ACID, CARBONIC. with charcoal, and heated in a suitable test-tube, deoxidated arsenic will be obtained in the form of a metallic coating inside the tube ; and this ma} r be reconverted into arsenious acid by urging it in various directions along the tube with the aid of a minute spirit-lamp flame ; the facets of the crystals thus formed (on the cooler situations) will be seen in some places with the unassisted eye, but more distinctly by means of a four-power lens. In solution : ammoniacal nitrate of silver produces a lemon-colored {ar se- nile of silver) precipitate. Ammoniacal sulphate of copper throws down a grass-green (arsenite of copper) precipitate. Transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen produces a bright-yellow (sulphide of arsenic) precipitate. Lime water precipitates a white (arsenite of calcium) powder ; but this test is not one to be relied upon. Placed with zinc and diluted sulphuric acid in Marsh's apparatus, the arseniuretted hydrogen thence arising, when lighted, will deposit metallic arsenic on a piece of glass held within the flame. ReinscWs Test. — Acidulate the suspected liquid with muriatic acid, and boil copper wire or foil in it for ten minutes. The arsenic is deposited on the copper as a white alloy, from which it can be separated as arsenious acid, \>y subjecting the copper, cut into shreds, to a low red heat in the bottom of a small glass tube. The precipitates referred to, if washed and dried, may be treated as di- rected above for arsenic in the dry or solid condition. In testing suspected matters obtained from the stomach, these (and, in cases of death, the stomach itself) must be cut or broken down, and boiled during, at least, three-quarters of an hour : if not sufficiently fluid, add dis- tilled water. Strain, and with addition of a small quantity of potassa again boil during a quarter of an hour, and filter. If this liquor manifest either alkaline or acid reaction, neutralize with potassa, or with acetic acid, as may be required ; then acidulate it faintly with hydrochloric acid. Solution of nitrate of silver will remove the acid ; and solution of chloride of sodium will precipitate any excess of silver. The liquor may now be experimented on with the above tests. Treatment. — Abundant draughts of sweet milk, gruel, decoctions of starch, or oily mixtures ; tickling the fauces, etc., to induce vomiting ; the stomach- pump ; emetics of sulphate of zinc. Hydrated sesquioxide of iron (newly prepared, v. process, p. 293), in large doses, is the only antidote of reliance. Light magnesia may be used with advantage, until the hydrated peroxide of iron can be procured. Afterwards combat any inflammatory symptoms by the usual means, and let the patient subsist, for a long time, wholly on the blandest diet. All arsenical poisons have much the same action, and similar means are to be used for their detection and for counteracting their effects. Acid, Boracic. — This is said to be very virulent; but no instances have been recorded of its fatal effects on man. Tests. — Not very soluble in water ; soluble in alcohol, which, when in- flamed, burns with a rich green color ; soluble in the caustic alkalies. Acti), Carbonic. — This gas is freely liberated in respiration, combustion, and fermentation, as nlso in the calcination of lime ; and is found in coal mines, wells, and cellars. Symptoms. — Great drowsiness, giddiness, difficulty of respiration, loss of muscular power and sensibility, and coma. The whole body, but especially the face, appears swollen and livid; eyes arc unusually prominent, and re- tain their brilliancy for some time. Tests It extinguishes a taper if the proportion be above twelve or fif- ACID, CITRIC. — ACID, MURIATIC. 689 teen per cent. ; lime water, or a solution of subacetate of lead, is precipi- tated white by it. Treatment. — Remove the person into the open air, and elevate the head ; dash cold water over him, apply stimulating frictions to the thorax and ex- tremities, and use artificial inflation of the lungs ; as soon as the patient can swallow, stimulants may be cautiously administered ; but, if there are signs of oppression of the brain, venesection is to be performed. Acid, Citric. — In large doses, acts as an irritant poison; but no fatal case in the human subject has been recorded. Acid, Hydrocyanic or Prussic — An extremely active, sedative poison. Symptoms. — When the dose is large, almost immediate death ensues ; in smaller quantities, it causes pain in the head, stupor, nausea, faintness, ver- tigo, and loss of sight ; followed by difficulty of respiration, dilated pupils, a small vibrating pulse, and syncope, which will end in death if curative means are not employed. Morbid Appearances. — None ; but a strong odor of the acid is exhaled from the stomach. Tests. — The (bitter almond) peculiarity of its odor. When a little potassa is mixed with liquids containing this poison, and solution of the sulphate or sesquichloride of iron added, a grayish-green precipitate is thrown down — which deepens to a Prussian-blue tint on addition of a few drops of sulphuric acid. The nitrate of silver produces a white (cyanide of silver) precipitate ; which, after being washed and dried, and then held on a watch-glass over a flame, burns with a fresh rose-color, cyanogen being at the same time evolved. Sulphur Test. — Place two drops of a solution of hydrosulphate of am- monia, containing an excess of sulphur, in the centre of a watch-glass, and invert it accurately over the vessel containing the poisoned liquid. Remove the glass in three or four minutes, and dry the moistened spot gently over a spirit-lamp. Let a drop of water fall on the white film, and then a drop of the perchloride of iron. If prussic acid be present, a blood-red solution (sulpho-cyanide of iron) is produced ; and this red color is discharged by the addition of one or two drops of a solution of corrosive sublimate. When a mixture is to be examined, containing matters from the stomach, etc., if alkaline, it must first be neutralized by addition of sulphuric acid, then one-eighth part cautiously distilled therefrom into a receiver immersed in some frigorific mixture ; and the product may then be tested by nitrate of silver, etc., as above. Treatment. — The internal remedy best calculated to act chemically on this poison, is carbonate of potassium in solution, quickly succeeded by watery solutions of sulphate of iron (with the intention of decomposing the acid, and forming the less injurious substance named Prussian blue) ; but the instances of success by these, or, indeed, by any other kinds of treatment, are extremely rare. Inhalation of chlorine gas, ammonia, etc. ; artificial respiration ; ex- hibition of energetic stimulants, such as brandy, liquid ammonia ; chlorine- water, chloride of soda and of lime, have all been extolled, and may be tried. Mustard poultices to the stomach, and cowhage applied over the chest ; vene- section at the neck, temples, etc. ; and affusion of cold water to the head and i spinal region, are more likely to prove timely excitant and effective remedies. ' Employment of the stomach-pump, emetics, etc., seems a most improbable means of relief— or, rather, a waste of time. Acid, Muriatic or Hydrochloric. — A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. — Sensation of burning in the throat and stomach, styptic taste in the mouth, much thirst ; the eyes red and sparkling ; the pulse frequent 44 690 ACID, NITRIC. — ACID, OXALIC. and tense ; the skin hot and dry ; the tongue red and glazed ; the lips black ; vomiting of blood and yellow matter, having the peculiar smell of the acid ; cold sweats, delirium, etc. Orfila also says, a thick white fume, having the penetrating odor of the acid, issues from the mouth. Morbid Appearances. — Mouth, fauces, throat, and stomach highly in- flamed, of a deep-red color ; mucous membrane sometimes detached or de- stroyed, sometimes perforated; contents of the stomach yellow or dark green. Tests. — Characteristic acid taste. The presence of muriatic acid in small proportion is at all times demonstrable in the juices of the stomach ; there- fore proof of its presence in excess is required in cases of poisoning. When a piece of glass, wetted with this acid, is held close to liquor ammonise, so as to let the vapors of both meet, white {chloride of ammonium) fumes are formed. Solution of nitrate of silver produces a white {chloride of silver), curdy-looking precipitate. Treatment. — The immediate administration of soap, magnesia, soda, or potassa, mixed in bland demulcent drinks, to be followed by the free use of emollients and mucilages. If patient survives the first effects of the poison, employ antiphlogistic means to overcome the supervening inflammation. Acid, Nitric, or Aqua Fortis. — A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. — Much the same as those produced by the last-mentioned poison. Morbid Appearances. — In cases where death has occurred soon after the ingestion of the poison, the most striking appearance is a layer of yellow matter on all parts reached by the acid. The lips, chin, and hands of the person are also often stained with orange-colored spots. Perforations of the stomach are found in most cases. Tests. — The orange-colored fumes that are given off, when it is boiled with copper filings, are characteristic. It reddens morphia, and blackens a solu- tion of protosulphate of iron. A fluid containing it, on the addition of car- bonate of potassium, forms nitre, which may be known by its deflagration, or by powdering a small portion, and placing it in a glass tube with some fine copper filings, moistening with water, and adding a few drops of sulphuric acid — when, if it be nitre, there will be an evolution of the orange-colored fumes of nitrous acid. Treatment. — The administration of magnesia or chalk in some bland fluid, then the free use of demulcents, and subsequently the employment of anti- phlogistic means to subdue inflammation. Acid, Oxalic — A corrosive vegetable poison. Symptoms. — Burning heat of the stomach, nausea ; sometimes vomiting, but at others, ineffectual efforts to discharge the contents of the stomach ; great prostration ©f strength, violent pain, spasmodic respiration, convul- sions, etc. When the patient survives the first effects of the poison, all the symptoms of violent inflammation of the alimentary canal are developed. In a diluted form, it appears to cause paralysis of the heart or symptoms of cerebrospinal disease. Morbid Appearances. — Tongue and fauces usually covered with a viscid white coat; the stomach containing a dark-brown mucous fluid, and its sub- stance of almost a gelatinous consistency. In some cases, no traces of the action of the poison are perceptible; but, when death does not occur for some time, the alimentary canal is found inflamed. Tests, — In solid state : has the characteristic sour taste of most acids ; and produces the same changes as they do on vegetable blues. When placed in water, a crackling sound accompanies the solution of its crystals. ACID, SULPHURIC. —ACONITE. 691 In solution: Solution of chloride of calcium produces a white {oxalate of calcium) precipitate ; which is insoluble in acetic acid, but soluble in nitric acid. Solution of nitrate of silver also throws down a white precipitate, which, on being carefully dried by aid of heat, on bibulous paper, acquires a brownish outline, and towards the end shows some slight explosions. Treatment Mixtures of magnesia, chalk, whiting, or plaster scraped from off the inside wall of an apartment, mixed with water (the amount of the latter being as small as convenient for swallowing) ; abundant drinks sub- sequently. No alkalies should be employed. Acid, Sulphuric. — A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. — An austere styptic taste in the mouth ; a sensation of burning heat in the throat and stomach, followed by nausea, vomiting, and much fetor of the breath. The matters vomited contain both venous and arterial blood. Signs of great inflammation of the abdominal viscera soon manifest them- selves, with difficult respiration, a croupy cough, and a small, frequent, irregular pulse ; great anxiety and restlessness, convulsive motions of the muscles of the face and lips ; sometimes a papulous eruption precedes death. Morbid Appearances. — These are not always to be found, except in the fauces and larynx, which, in most cases, present evidence of the highly corro- sive action of the poison. The stomach is sometimes found to contain a quantity of dark grumous matter, and is much distended with fetid gas — its membranes ulcerated, dark colored, and having numerous corroded spots, and even perforations. Tests. — The acid may be in a concentrated or a diluted state. If in the former, any organic matter placed in contact with it is blackened and charred ; when mixed with an equal bulk of water, much heat is evolved ; when boiled with copper filings or mercury, sulphurous acid gas is evolved. When the acid is in a diluted state, the best test is nitrate of barium, which causes a dense white precipitate of sulphate of barium ; this can be verified by cal- cining it for some minutes with an equal weight of charcoal, wrapped in platina foil, then introducing the residue into a glass tube and adding a few drops of muriatic acid. This will cause an extrication of sulphuretted hy- drogen, which can be recognized by its odor, and by its blackening carbonate or acetate of lead. Treatment. — The same as for the other mineral acids. Acid, Tartaric. — A corrosive vegetable poison. Symptoms — Very analogous to those caused by oxalic acid. Morbid Appearances are likewise similar to those produced by oxalic acid. Tests. — When heated on platina foil, it burns with a pale reddish flame, and exhales a peculiar acrid vapor, leaving much carbonized matter. When a solution is treated with lime water, it affords a white precipitate, soluble in an excess of the acid ; when treated with caustic potassa, it affords a gran- ular precipitate of the bitartrate. Treatment. — The same as for oxalic acid. Acetate op Copper. See Copper. Acetate op Lead. See Lead. Acetate op Morphia. See Opium. Aconite. See Vegetable Poisons. 692 ALCOHOL. — POT ASS A. Alcohol. — A narcotico-acrid poison. Symptoms. — These vary according to the dose. In small quantities, there is mere excitement. In large doses, much excitement, with delirium, con- fusion of intellect, followed by somnolency ; nausea and vomiting, and even coma and apoplexy. When an undue portion has been swallowed, it often proves instantly fatal ; it may also prove fatal by occasioning or aggravating other diseases. The effects of an habitual use of it are diseases of the viscera, and various mental and nervous disorders. ' The symptoms of poisoning with alcohol may be mistaken for those of epilepsy or apoplexy. Morbid Appearances are inflammation, softening, etc., of the mucous mem- brane of the stomach, congestion of the cerebral vessels, and sanguineous or serous extravasation of the brain or lungs. Tests. — Odor of the contents of the stomach, or of matters ejected from it. The chemical proof consists in removing the contents of the stomach, mixing them with distilled water, filtering and distilling in union with car- bonate of potassium or sodium; the product is mixed with fused chloride of sodium, and again distilled. Alcohol will be found in the receiver. Treatment. — Withdraw the contents of the stomach as speedily as possible, by a stomach-pump ; afterwards an emetic of salt and water should be given in large doses, and repeated, at short intervals, till the stomach is well cleared. The cold affusion is useful in some cases. Ammonia may be em- ployed as a stimulant, and general symptoms obviated by blood-letting ; but this must be employed with great caution. Alkalies. Ammonia. — A corrosive poison. Symptoms. — Excoriation of the mouth and fauces ; burning sensation in the throat and stomach, usually followed by vomiting and purging, the ejected matters being often bloody. When the quantity taken is large, an immediate feeling of strangulation ensues, attended with convulsions. If the result is fatal, it quickly follows the ingestion of the poison. The inha- lation of ammonia by the nostrils, when too freely used in cases of fainting, has caused the same symptoms as when taken into the stomach. Morbid Appearances. — Marks of high inflammation of the parts with which the poison has come in contact. Tests. — The pungent odor ; its alkaline reaction — but which is dissipated by heat. By causing a yellow precipitate with a mixture of arsenious acid and nitrate of silver ; by producing a rich violet-blue solution with the salts of copper ; by yielding a yellow precipitate with the bichloride of platinum ; by giving a white precipitate with the bichloride of mercury ; and forming white fumes with chlorine or hydrochloric acid. Treatment. — The immediate administration of vinegar or one of the vegetable acids, and afterwards the copious use of demulcents. When ammoniacal vapor has been inhaled, the patient should inspire the vapor of vinegar. Potassa. — A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. — An acrid, caustic, urinous taste in the mouth ; a sensation of burning heat in the throat ; nausea, and sometimes vomiting of bloody matters. The surface cold and clammy ; the pulse quick and feeble ; hyper- catharsis, and violent colicky pains. Morbid Appearances Strong marks of inflammation in the alimentary canal, softening, erosion of the mucous coat, and, in some cases, perforation of the Btomach. Tents, — Alkaline reaction; precipitation of nitrate of silver in the form SODA. — BAEYTA. 693 of a dark-colored oxide. Carbonic acid water can see no precipitate. A concentrated solution, acidulated with muriatic acid, affords a deep-yellow precipitate with bichloride of platinum. A solution of tartaric acid causes a white precipitate of cream of tartar. Treatment. — Give vinegar and the diluted vegetable acids ; to be followed by a free use of demulcents, or oleaginous mixtures. Soda. — A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms and Morbid Appearances. — Analogous to those following the use of potassa. Tests. — Caustic soda in solution is not precipitated by bichloride of pla- tinum or tartaric acid ; its alkaline nature can be ascertained by the usual tests. Antimoniate of potassium affords a white precipitate when added to the salts of soda. Soda tinges the outer flame of the blow-pipe yellow. Treatment. — The same as for potassa. Antimony. — Metallic antimony is not regarded as a poison ; but its vapor is said to cause unpleasant symptoms when respired. Antimony, Tartarized, generally known as Tartar Emetic, is an irritant metallic poison. Symptoms. — Nausea and severe vomiting, hiccough, cardialgia, burning heat at the epigastrium, severe colic and purging, small and rapid pulse, cold skin, S} T ncope, difficult respiration, vertigo, insensibility to external stimu- lants, painful cramps in the lower extremities, and great prostration of strength. Morbid Appearances. — The stomach and intestines often much inflated with gas ; their mucous membrane red, and covered with a slightly adhering viscid layer ; the peritoneum of a dark brick-red hue ; the membranes of the brain displaying marks of inflammation. Tests. — In a solid state, add charcoal, introduce into a test-tube and expose to heat ; metallic antimony will be found of a grayish-black lustre. In the state of solution, diluted nitric acid causes a white precipitate. Sulphuretted hydrogen throws down a reddish-orange precipitate. Solutions containing tannin cause a copious, curdled, whitish-yellow precipitate. Should matters from the stomach be present, the solution must be well agitated with a small portion of muriatic and tartaric acid ; then filtered previous to being experi- mented upon. Treatment. — Encourage vomiting by free administration of warm water and other diluents, or employ the' stomach-pump, if necessary. Infusions, tinctures, or extracts, containing tannin, are very useful by decomposing the poison. Baryta, and Preparations or. — The only preparations of baryta that have caused death are the Carbonate and Chloride. Symptoms. — Those of irritation, combined with an affection of the brain and nervous system, as vertigo, convulsions, and paralysis. Morbid Appearances. — Evidences of inflammation of the mucous coat of the stomach. Test. — In solution: Sulphuric acid throws down a profuse dense white {sulphate of barium) precipitate. Solution of nitrate of silver also produces a white {chloride of silver) precipitate with the chloride of barium. Sul- phuretted hydrogen produces no change of appearance ; which circumstance, being peculiar to salts of barium, is valuable as a negative test. Treatment. — Sulphates of magnesium or sodium in solution in water, if the patient is seen early ; they are, however, of little use where the carbonate 694 BELLADONNA. — CANTH ABIDES. has been taken. In this case, a mixture of sulphate of magnesium and diluted vinegar, together with emetics and the stomach-pump, should be used. Belladonna. See Vegetable Poisons. Bismuth. — The only preparation that has caused death is the Subnitrate. Symptoms. — Burning pain in the throat, .nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea, accompanied by coldness of the extremities, and spasms. Morbid Appearances. — Inflammation of the fauces and oesophagus, redness of the stomach and intestines. Tests. — In substance : Dissolve in nitric acid, without change of color, and without effervescing, which distinguishes it from a carbonate. Sulphuric acid produces no precipitate, thus disproving the possible idea of its being a preparation of lead. Dissoh^e it in nitric acid, and add solution of potassa so long as any precipitate is thrown down ; gather this in a filter, and, after washing and drying it, place it on charcoal, and treat it as directed for prep- arations of lead, when its reduction to the metallic condition will be effected. The nitrate is decomposed by being poured into a large quantity of cold water, yielding an insoluble subnitrate. The latter salt is blackened by exposure to sulphuretted hydrogen gas. Treatment. — Induce vomiting by tickling the fauces, etc., and give con- tinuous full draughts of sweet milk. Bromine. — An irritant, corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. — Irritation and inflammation of the parts with which it comes in contact, whether in substance or in vapor. Morbid Appearances. — Fauces, oesophagus, and stomach inflamed and corroded, mucous membrane gelatinized, duodenum of a yellow color, and thickened ; the parts retaining a strong smell of the poison. Tests. — Its color, odor, and volatility. All solutions containing it are rendered colorless by the addition of potassa. On being evaporated, the residue is to be incinerated at a low temperature, the ash dissolved in dis- tilled water, filtered, and chlorine passed through the solution. On the addition of ether, the bromine is taken up by that fluid. With nitrate of silver it affords a yellowish-white (bromide of silver) precipitate. Treatment. — The immediate and free use of albumen or starch, and mag- nesia ; inhalations of sulphuretted hydrogen. Brucia. See Vegetable Poisons. Calomel. See Mercury. Camphor. See Vegetable Poisons. Cantharides. — An acrid and corroding animal poison. Symptoms. — A burning sensation in the throat ; violent pain in the stomach and bowels ; nausea, vomiting, and purging — the ejections being frequently bloody and purulent; great heat and irritation of the urinary organs, some- times the most painful priapism ; pulse quick and hard ; and convulsions, tetanus, delirium, and syncope. Morbid Appearances. — Inflammation and erosion of the stomach; if in substance, fragments of the flies, adhering to the mucous coat, or mixed with tin; contents of the stomach ; marks of inflammation in the intestines and urinary organs : these are most evident when death does not soon follow the ingestion of the poison. COLCHICUM AUTUMIALE. 695 Tests, — The characteristic green, shining appearance of the fragments of the flies, and the character of the symptoms. Treatment The promotion of vomiting by means of warm demulcents ; copious dilution, bleeding, the warm bath, opiate frictions, enemata of mutton broth, laudanum, etc. Camphor, though not an antidote, alleviates some of the most distressing symptoms. Carbolic Acid and other phenols, including creasote. Symptoms. — Burning sensation, extending from the mouth to the stomach; severe pain in the stomach ; vomiting of a frothy mucus ; skin clammy and cold ; breathing difficult ; insensibility ; pupils contracted ; odor perceptible in the breath and vomited matter. Morbid Appearances. — Mucous membrane of mouth whitened ; oesopha- gus white, hardened ; coats of stomach of a horny appearance ; lungs gorged with blood. Tests. — These compounds are readily recognized by their odor. Treatment. — Saccharate of calcium appears to be the most reliable anti- dote ; if not at hand, carbonate of calcium, or preferably calcined magnesia diffused in lime water, should be freely used ; afterwards demulcents. Carbonic Acid Gas. See Acid, Carbonic. Chlorine. — An acrid gaseous poison. Symptoms. — Great and painful constriction of the glottis, cough, sensation of suffocation, alternating with asphyxia; if the case is protracted, inflam- mation of the larynx and pneumonic inflammation ; odor of the gas per- ceptible in the breath and in the vomited matters. Morbid Appearances. — Marks of irritation and inflammation in all the parts with which the poison has come in contact. Tests. — A solution of this gas has a yellowish color, and a strong, pecu- liar smell, which latter is evolved on boiling. It gives a white precipitate with nitrate of silver, which is insoluble in nitric acid. Treatment. — The best remedy is a free use of albumen. Magnesia, with mucilaginous fluids, may also be freely exhibited. Inhalations of ammonia, ether, and the vapor of warm water, and even of sulphuretted hydrogen, have been recommended. The last article must be employed with great care, to avoid an excess of it. Chrome. — The only form of this metal that requires notice is the Bichromate of Potassium. — An acrid mineral poison. Symptoms. — Burning heat in the mouth, throat, and stomach ; excessive and painful vomiting of bloody mucus ; convulsions, palsy, etc. Morbid Appearances. — Softening and abrasion of the mucous coat of the stomach and intestines. Tests. — In substance, by its orange-red color. In solution, by affording a rich red precipitate with nitrate of silver, a bright yellow with acetate of lead, a dingy green color and whitish turbidity with sulphuretted hydrogen. Treatment. — The use of the carbonates of potassium or sodium, to neu- tralize the excess of chromic acid, followed by the administration of emetics. It would also be advisable to employ chalk or magnesia, in connection with milk or the albumen of eggs. Cocculus Indicus. See Vegetable Poisons. Colchicum Autumn ale. See Vegetable Poisons.. 696 CONIUM MACULATUM. — IODIDE. Conium Maculatum. See Vegetable Poisons. Copper. — This metal is not poisonous in a metallic state, but becomes highly so when oxidized or in combination. The most common preparations of copper are the Acetate (verdigris), Sulphate (blue vitriol), the Carbonate, and Ammoniuret. Symptoms. — Violent headache, vomiting, pain in the bowels, cramps in the lower extremities, a peculiar and permanent coppery taste, diarrhoea, convulsions, palsy, and insensibility. Morbid Appearances. — Marks of inflammation in the stomach and intes- tines. When the case has been protracted, there is often a green tinge of the lining membrane, and a jaundiced appearance of the skin. Tests. — The Sulphate in a solid state presents a bright blue color, and leaves an astringent metallic impression on the tongue. In solution : The transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen affords a brownish- black (sulphuret of copper) precipitate. Solution of ammonia precipitates a blue substance, which, on further addition of ammonia, becomes dissolved ; but when only a small amount of the poison is present, no precipitation occurs, a clear violet-colored solution being then at once presented. Ferro- cyanide of potassium throws down a reddish-brown (ferrocyanide of copper) precipitate. A piece of polished zinc or iron (as the blade of a table-knife) acquires a plating of copper, if placed in a liquid containing the above salt. The tests for sulphuric acid will indicate its presence here as the combining acid. The Acetate : Same tests as preceding, excepting the last. The Ammonio-sulphate: has a brilliant violet-blue color, and ammoniacal odor. Solution of arsenious acid affords a fresh apple-green precipitate ; this experiment is, conversely, that for arsenious acid. Treatment. — Vomiting to be promoted by copious daughts of warm water, milk, or mucilaginous fluids ; various antidotes have been highly praised. Sugar was formerly recommended, but has not been as successful as was supposed. Albumen and milk form an insoluble compound with copper, provided they are in large excess. The protosulphuret of iron and iron filings have also been employed with advantage ; but their action is too slow. The hydrated oxide of iron has been successfully administered where the arsenite of copper had been taken. Corrosive Sublimate. See Mercury. Digitalis. See Vegetable Poisons. Iodine. Symptoms. — In large doses this substance causes heat and constriction of the fauces, nausea, offensive eructations, pain in the stomach, retching, colic, diarrhoea, quickness of the pulse, trembling, great thirst, salivation, convul- sions, etc. Morbid Appearances. — Distension and inflammation of the stomach and bowels ; sphacelation in some places ; and, in protracted cases, increased size and paleness of the liver. Test*. — In the solid form, it is in purplish-black scales, having somewhat the odor of chlorine. When heated in a tube, it gives off violet fumes ; when added to the mucilage of starch, it strikes a deep blue color. When it is mixed with other matters, pass a stream of sulphuretted hydrogen through the mixture, boil it, saturate with potassa, add mucilage of starch, filter, add nitric acid, and the color will indicate iodine. Treatment. — Promote vomiting, resort to the free administration of amy- IODIDE OF POTASSIUM. — LEAD. 697 laceous and mucilaginous fluids, and treat the inflammatory symptoms as they occur. Iodide op Potassium. Symptoms. — Uneasiness of the stomach, followed by nausea, and a burn- ing sensation in the stomach, vomiting, cephalalgia, vertigo, and tremors. Morbid Appearances. — Stomach contracted ; mucous membrane, with ecchymosed spots, and some abrasions ; marks of inflammation in the in- testines. Tests. — Solid state: heat with the protoxide of manganese; moisten the powder with a mixture of equal parts of sulphuric acid and water ; heat in a tube, and the purple vapor of iodine makes its appearance. In solution : add to the filtered fluid an equal quantity of mucilage of starch, and a few drops of nitric acid, and the characteristic blue color will be produced. Test the urine in the same manner. It may also be detected in the solids of the body, by drying them, incinerating and lixiviating, filter- ing, and using starch and nitric acid. Treatment. — The same as for iodine. Iron. — Not poisonous in a metallic state ; but some of its preparations act as irritants, especially the sulphate and the muriate. Symptoms. — Nausea, vomiting, and purging; sensation of heat in the stomach and bowels ; dejections of a black color, etc. Morbid Appearances. — Softening of the mucous coat of the stomach and intestines; the whole extent of the alimentary canal of a black color; marks of inflammation. Tests. — For the sulphate : ferrocyanicle of potassium will give a greenish- blue precipitate, becoming a deep blue by exposure to the air ; hydrosulphu- ret of ammonia will give a black precipitate ; and gallic or tannic acid will give a bluish-black precipitate. The presence of sulphuric acid can be ascertained by means of nitrate of barium. Treatment. — In poisoning by either salt, magnesia or the alkaline carbo- nates should be freely given. Lead. — In a metallic state, lead does not appear to be poisonous ; but most of its compounds are, especially the acetate, chloride, carbonate, and oxide. Symptoms. — Obstinate constipation, violent colic with retraction of the abdomen ; vomiting, pulse small and hard, laborious breathing, and tremors, gums with a blue tinge, paralysis of the extremities, etc. Morbid Appearances. — The appearances on dissection are very various, but are principally those of inflammation. Tests. — In a solid state : Mixed with potassa and charcoal, and exposed to a red heat (or placed in a suitably sized hollow in a piece of charcoal, and exposed to a blow-pipe flame), metallic lead is formed. In solution : Sulphuric acid, and the sulphates, throw down a white (sul- phate of lead) precipitate. Solution of carbonate of sodium gives a white {carbonate of lead) deposit. Solution of chromate of potassium a rich }^el- low (chromate of lead) precipitate. Solution of iodide of potassium affords a yellow (iodide of lead) precipitate. Transmission of hydrosulphuric acid produces a blackish (sulphur et of lead) precipitate. Zinc precipitates lead from a solution of any of its salts. To render the carbonate amenable to the foregoing tests, it must first be dissolved in a sufficiency of nitric acid diluted with distilled water. Treatment. — Administer a solution of sulphate of zinc in full doses ; in- duce and continue vomiting. If an insoluble salt of lead is the poison, 698 LOBELIA. — MERCURY. almond or olive oil must at first be given in considerable quantity. The free exhibition of the sulphate of sodium, or magnesium, or of milk, or albumen, to be followed by an emetic. In lead-colic, the treatment consists of active purgatives, followed by full doses of opium or Dover's powder. Inflammatory symptoms are counteracted by antiphlogistic means. Lobelia. See Vegetable Poisons. Mercury. — In a metallic state, mercury exercises but a slight influence on the body, but in a state of vapor it is capable of causing violent symp- toms. All the salts of mercury are poisonous ; but the most important is corrosive sublimate. Symptoms. — The symptoms caused by corrosive sublimate resemble those produced by arsenic, but, from the salt being more soluble, they are more immediate and violent ; there is a more marked taste, the evacuations are more frequently bloody, and there is a whitened condition of the epithelium of the mouth. There are three varieties of poisoning with mercury. In the first, the leading symptoms are, violent irritation of the alimentary tube ; namely, vomiting, purging, pain at the pit of the stomach, and irritation in the throat ; metallic, styptic taste, corrosion of the mouth, tongue, and palate ; constriction of the throat, and difficulty of swallowing. Blood evacuated both by vomiting and by stools, suppression of urine, countenance flushed, tumid, and bloated. In the second variet}^, salivation and sloughing of the mouth succeed to the irritation and inflammation. In the third, mer- curial erethism comes on, and is not preceded by the symptoms of local irritation. The first variety arises from the more soluble salts of mercury, in large doses ; the second, from the same preparations, but in smaller doses and more diluted ; the third, by the more insoluble and refractory com- pounds. Morbid Appearances. — These are similar to those attendant on irritative or corrosive poisoning. There are, frequently, shrivelling of the tongue, and enlargement of its papillae and root. In some cases, red and black spots in the cavities of the heart. Corrosion, ulceration, and disorganization of the mucous coat of the stomach and intestines. An inflamed condition of the urinary organs is also frequently observed. Tests. — Corrosive sublimate in a solid state : Is sublimed when heated in a test-tube ; and the acrimonious fumes speedily condense into a crystalline, semi-transparent mass. Placed in a test-tube, and lime water, potassa, or soda, added in solution, a yellow (peroxide of mercury) precipitate is thrown down. In solution : Ammonia throws down a white (ammonio-chloride of mercury) precipitate. Solution of proto-chloride of tin affords a (calomel) precipitate, which, at first, is white, but acquires a leaden color on adding more of the test ; when this precipitate (after being well agitated) is dried, minute globules of quicksilver are formed. Transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen produces a (sulphuret of mercury) precipitate, which at first is leaden-colored, then black. Solution of iodide of potassium affords an intensely brilliant scarlet (biniodide of mercury) precipitate, which dissolves in an excess of the test. Corrosive sublimate may be reduced to the metallic state through galvanic influence, applied as follows: A drop of the suspected fluid being laid on a piece of polished gold, and both it and the gold touched at the same instant by a point of iron (as a thick needle, or the end of a penknife), a small silvery coating of mercur}- soon becomes apparent on the gold. Being freely soluble in sulphuric ether, addition of this fluid is of much service when the poison is found mingled with organic or other matters. i MORPHIA. — TIN". 699 The Cyanide : When heated in a tube, cyanogen gas is evolved, which, when inflamed at the mouth, burns with a rose-red flame, with a blue halo. Calomel : Is sublimed by heat. When treated with potassa, or lime water, it assumes a black appearance, mercurous oxide being separated. The Biniodide : On cautious application of heat, it sublimes in red-colored crystals, which soon change to yellow, and subsequently to a dusky hue. On exposure to a sufficient degree of heat, iodine fumes are disengaged. When mixed with potassa (equal weights) and heated in a test-tube, decom- position occurs ; metallic mercury being sublimed, and iodide of potassium deposited in the tube. Red Precipitate: Exposed to heat in a test-tube, metallic mercury is sublimed ; evolution of oxygen being at the same time demonstrable. The Persulphate : Treated in the same manner as the foregoing, sublima- tion of the mercury takes place ; and sulphurous acid gas is perceptibly evolved. Treatment. — If vomiting does not already exist, it must be produced by the exhibition of emetics. "Various antidotes have been suggested for this poison. The best appears to be albumen of eggs in continuous large doses, and infusion of catechu afterwards ; sweet milk ; mixtures of flour with water (for the sake of the gluten) in successive cupfuls ; iron filings ; emetics of tartrate of antimony and potassium have been recommended, to combat ptyalism, when present ; but to check excessive salivation, small doses of the chlorate of potassium appear to be the most successful. The Irvdrated proto-sulphuret of iron has been proposed by Mialhe, and confirmed by Orfila, who says, if it be taken immediately after the ingestion of the corrosive sublimate, it destroys completely the poisonous properties of the latter. Morphia. See Vegetable Poisons. Opium. Nux Yomica. Bee Vegetable Poisons. Opium. See Vegetable Poisons. Phosphorus. — A corrosive poison. Symptoms are protracted in their appearance. A hot alliaceous taste in i the mouth ; acrid burning sensation in the throat and stomach ; nausea and vomiting. The vomited matters are of a dark color, and emit white fumes ; 1 pulse small and frequent ; sometimes violent convulsions. Morbid Appearances. — A general inflammatory appearance of the stomach and intestines, with sphacelated spots in various parts. Tests. — The peculiarity of its odor ; its highly inflammable propert}^, when only moderate^ heated, and, when rubbed on the skin, its property of render- ing the latter luminous in the dark. Treatment Mixture of magnesia and cold water, in repeated draughts. 1 ' Promote continuous vomiting by tickling applications of a feather to the ■ fauces. The exhibition of oil is injurious, as it tends to dissolve the phosphorus. if Strychnia. See Narcotico-irritants, under the head of Vegetable Poisons. Ill Tin. — This is not poisonous in a metallic state ; but some of its salts, as the chlorides, are violent irritants. ie | Symptoms. — An austere metallic taste ; constriction of the throat, impeded respiration, violent vomiting, cramp of the stomach and violent colic, purging, pulse small and quick, convulsions, sometimes paralysis, asphyxia. 700 VEGETABLE POISONS. — OPIUM. Morbid Appearances. — Inflammation and erosion of the stomach and in- testines. Tests. — Chloride of gold gives a deep purple-brown, almost black precipi- tate. Nitrate of silver affords a white precipitate, insoluble in nitric acid. Sulphuretted hydrogen throws down a deep chocolate-brown precipitate, even in diluted solutions. Treatment. — Copious draughts of milk ; then excite vomiting. Inflam- matory symptoms to be combated by antiphlogistics, and nervous irritation by opiates and antispasmodics. Vegetable Poisons. — These are very numerous, and possessed of the most different qualities ; some being mere irritants, others narcotic irritants — whilst another class are pure narcotics. Irritants. — This includes a great number of vegetable substances, the principal of which are Aloes, Arum, Capsicum, Colocynth, Creasote, Croton Seeds, Elaterium, Euphorbium, Gamboge, Jalap, Mezereon, Castor Seeds, Savin, Scammony, etc. Symptoms. — Many of these articles act especially on the bowels, and in moderate doses are efficaciously used as purgatives. In large doses, they cause hypercatharsis, and much irritation of the stomach and bowels. Morbid Appearances. — These are various degrees of inflammation of the stomach and bowels. Tests. — N one by means of reagents. The rich yellow color of gamboge may sometimes prove a means of its detection ; and familiar acquaintance with others of the above substances may lead to their recognition by smell, taste, etc. Treatment. — The expulsion of the poison by means of emetics, and, when this is effected, copious demulcent drinks in a warm state ; succeeded by liquid cordial, stimulant, or opiate medicines suited to particular circum- stances. Narcotics. — This is a small class of the vegetable poisons, the most im- portant of which are Opium, Hydrocyanic Acid (see page 689), and Hyos- cyamus. Opium. Symptoms. — A dark, suffused countenance, drowsiness, stupor, perfect insensibility, followed by delirium or profound coma ; then a pallid counte- nance, deep and stertorous breathing, cold sweats, slow and full pulse, cold and livid skin, suspension of all the secretions except perspiration ; at length, the pulse becomes frequent, feeble, and thread-like ; and, sometimes, convul- sions, particularly in children. Morbid Appearances. — Occasionally redness of ^the stomach and intestines, fluidity of the blood, engorgement of the lungs ; but the only post-mortem appearance that appears to occur in all cases is turgescence of the vessels of the brain, sometimes with effusion of water on its surface or into the ventri- cles. But this condition of the brain does not furnish of itself any evidence of poisoning by opium, as it is frequently found to arise from a variety of other causes. Tests. — Opium in substance: its peculiar taste, color, and odor (especially the latter quality when arising from opium in a softened or moist state, and more so if it be moderately heated; as when just obtained from the Stomach). In solution : Tincture of the chloride of iron produces a (meconite of iron) red coloration, which is not changed on the addition of solution of corrosive HYOSCYAMUS. 701 sublimate, but is discharged by hydrochloric acid. Tannic acid yields a white (tannate of morphia) precipitate. When the suspected fluid has been procured from the stomach, it usually contains a mixture of organic substances ; these must be broken down, and the whole rendered sufficiently fluid by the addition of distilled water when necessary, and then be slightly acidulated with acetic acid. The liquor thus obtained, when well agitated, and filtered, must be evaporated to consistence of syrup. And, after being digested with alcohol, it must be boiled, and again concentrated to nearly the consistence of syrup. When this alcoholic extract (as it has been called) is dissolved in distilled water, the solution of ammonia, cautiously added, produces a precipitate of morphia, which acquires . a deep-red color changing to yellow, when nitric acid is dropped into it, and a blue color on the addition of tincture of chloride of iron. When the last named precipitate is removed by filtration, and acetate of lead added to the . supernatant (meconate of ammonium) liquor, a {meconate of lead) deposit is afforded ; which, when suspended in water, is decomposed by the transmis- sion of sulphuretted hydrogen ; a dark precipitate being thereby thrown down. The fluid remaining from this last process acquires a deep cherry-red hue on j the addition of the tincture of chloride of iron. Morphia in the solid state: Is only slightly soluble in water. Nitric acid turns it first to an orange, and then to a deep orange-red color. Chloride of iron gives a blue color, which is destroyed by acids. Iodic acid is decom- posed by morphia, and iodine is set free. To show this, the acid is to be mixed with starch ; on the addition of morphia the iodine combines with the starch, which becomes of a blue color, if the quantity be large, or of a reddish or purplish tint, if it be small. Treatment. — The stomach to be evacuated by means of the stomach-pump, i as speedily as possible. This is to be pursued until the water used no longer j has the smell or taste of opium. When a stomach-pump cannot be procured, . or if the patient shall have swallowed solid opium, emetics of sulphate of zinc should be administered, until the stomach is freed ; strong decoctions of tea or coffee, or other vegetable astringents, are found useful in the intervals. Cold affusions on the head, chest, and spine have been used with great suc- t \ cess, and the subcutaneous injection of atropia has been recommended. Flagellation and other means of arousing the patient from a state of lethargy must also be employed. Bleeding should not be resorted to until all the poison has been eliminated, as the abstraction of blood tends to promote . absorption, * and, even then, with much caution. The administration of vinegar is also objectionable. The best liquid that can be given is a strong . decoction of coffee. The various antidotes that have been recommended are useless. The evidence, in favor of the successful employment of artificial respira- tion in cases that were apparently desperate, has become so strong and un- questionable, that no practitioner is justifiable in abandoning his case until this measure has been faithfully tried. Active stimulation is often required. Hyoscyamus. Symptoms. — Sickness, stupor, dimness of sight, and delirium, followed by coma and much dilatation of the pupils ; pulse at first hard, but becoming i weak and tremulous ; petechia? often making their appearance before death. Morbid Appearances Inflammation of the stomach, bowels, and brain. Tests. — There are no tests that can be relied upon, except a recognition of the plant, and the nature of the symptoms. Treatment. — The speedy evacuation of the poison, by means of emetics and purgatives, and the subsequent use of acidulous drinks. The propriety of the latter recommendation has been doubted, notwith- 702 NARCOTIC O-IREIT ANTS. standing the high European authority in its favor, because the use of acidu- lous drinks will result in the formation of soluble salts with the remnants of the Iryoscyamia that may be in the stomach ; thereby adding- to the danger. The free use of vegetable astringents in solution has been suggested instead. Narcotico-Irritants. — These are very closely allied in their effects to the last class, but have a more direct action on the spinal marrow and nerves as shown by the more frequent occurrence of convulsions and paralysis They differ much from each other in their action on the system ; most of them, however, owing their properties to the presence of an alkaloidal prin ciple. The most important are : Digitalis, veratrum, conium, colchicum LOBELIA, ACONITUM, BELLADONNA, STRAMONIUM, TABACUM, NUX VOMICA, etc. Symptoms These are various, but, in general, vertigo, coma, delirium paralysis, or convulsions, with disturbance and pain in the stomach and intestines, are observed. Those belonging to the nux vomica tribe have marked effects on the spinal marrow, causing tetanus and convulsions, but seldom coma or delirium ; whilst, on the other hand, squill and foxglove produce symptoms of narcotism, preceded by vomiting, and other signs of irritant action on the stomach. Morbid Appearances. — These, like the symptoms, are very various. In some cases, there is inflammation of the stomach and intestines ; in others, this is wholly wanting. Where there have been symptoms of cerebral dis- turbance, traces of congestion of the brain are usually discernible, but are not found in every ease. Tests. — Most of these poisons, as before said, owe their deleterious powers to the presence of an alkaloidal principle, which is exceedingly difficult to detect by chemical tests ; hence the strongest evidence is to be derived from an inspection of the fragments of the plant itself, if it has been administered in substance; but this mode of discrimination fails where the poison has been taken in the form of extract, infusion, or decoction. In such cases, the only reliance is on the symptoms and concomitant circumstances. Conia, the active principle of conium, when liberated from its combinations by potassa, is volatile, and exhales a strong mouse-like or urinous odor. With the vapor of muriatic acid, it forms dense white fumes. The odor of conia is so characteristic, that it can scarcely be confounded with any other poisonous agent. Yeratria affords a reddish-yellow solution with nitric acid, an intensely-red one with concentrated sulphuric acid, and a white precipitate with tannic acid. When applied to the nose, it causes severe sneezing. Brucia (found in the seeds of the nux vomica) is colored red by nitric- acid, and this color changes to violet by the addition of protochloride of tin. With chlorine it gives a red color. Sulphuric acid first reddens brucia, and then turns it yellow and green. Pure strychnia (also found in the nux vomica) may be recognized by rubbing a small portion with a few drops of sulphuric acid, containing one- hundredth of its weight of nitric acid. No change ensues ; but the addition of a very small quantity of the peroxide of lead, or of bichromate of potas- sium, changes the solution to a blue color, then to a red, and in the course of a few hours to a yellow color. Commercial strychnia sometimes affords a red color, changing to a yellow, with nitric acid, owing to the presence of brucia. Treatment. — This consists in the prompt use of emetics, or the stomach- pump, followed by the administration of purgatives. No general antidote can be relied upon; but, as tannic acid precipitates these alkaloids, the free use of decoctions or infusions containing it may be resorted to with advan- TABLE OF POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 703 tage ; or animal charcoal may be freely administered for its absorbent qualities. In poisoning by nux vomica and str}*chnia, the inhalation of chloroform will in a measure control the spasms ; aconite and chloral have been recom- mended as antidotes, and the subcutaneous injection of Calabar bean has been found advantageous. Zinc. — This has no poisonous properties in a metallic state, but several of its salts possess active powers. Of these, the sulphate or white vitriol is the most common, and therefore the most likely to occasion unpleasant con- sequences. Symptoms. — Pain in the abdomen, violent vomiting and diarrhoea, quick pulse, paleness and contraction of the features, coldness of the extremities. There is always a very austere taste in the mouth. Morbid Appearances. — Marks of imflammation in the stomach and intes- tines. Tests. — Ammonia gives a white precipitate, soluble in an excess of the alkali. Chromate of potassium affords an orange-red deposit, the chromate of zinc. Treatment The free exhibition of warm water with milk, albumen, mag- nesia, etc. Infusions containing tannic acid. Where the poison has entered the bowels, emollient clysters are to be given. The following table, from Taylor "On Poisons," gives a succinct view of the most approved antidotes for the several poisons noticed in the fore- going pages : — Mineral Acids. Vegetable Acids. Salts. Alkalies. Salts. Non-Metallic Poisons. Sulphuric, Nitric, Muriatic, Nitro-Muriatic, " Oxalic, Tartaric, Binoxalate of potas- sium, Bitartrate of potas- sium, Potassa, soda, am- monia, and their carbonates, Baryta and its solu- ble salts, Carbonate of barium, Alum, Poisons. Antidotes. Magnesia mixed with water or milk; carbonate of calcium; compound chalk powder ; soda, potassa ; the fixed oils. Carbonate of calcium. (Chalk or whiting.) Carbonate of calcium. Sulphate of calcium, and water. Carbonate of sodium in solution. Vinegar, lemon juice, citric acid, oil. Sulphate of sodium, potassium,' magnesium or calcium. Mixture of sulphate of magnesium and vinegar. Carbonate of sodium or ammo- nium. Metallic Poisons. ( Hydrated per-oxide of iron; hy- < drated magnesia. ( Mixture of oil and lime water. Corrosive sublimate and salts of mer- ? Albumen, gluten, or flour diffused Arsenic and soluble arsenites. cury. in water: milk. 704 TABLE OF POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. Poisons. Soluble salts of lead. Carbonate of lead. Soluble salts of copper. Tartar emetic. Chloride of antimony. Salts of tin. Sulphate or acetate of zinc. Sulphate of iron. Nitrate of silver. Opium ; h yoscyamus. Prussic acid. Antidotes. (The alkaline, or soluble earthy ( sulphates. ( Sulphate of magnesium and vine- X gar. ( Albumen, gluten, flour diffused in ( water; milk. ( Decoctions and tinctures contain- < ing tannic acid. ( Magnesia. Carbonate of sodium ; magnesia. J Milk ; carbonate of sodium ; mag- ( nesia. ( Milk ; carbonate of sodium ; mag- \ nesia. C Carbonate of sodium or ammo- ( nium. Chloride of sodium. Narcotic Poisons. ( Emetics ; stomach pump ; cold affu- ■^ sion. Strong decoction of coffee; ( electro-magnetism ; tannic acid. Ammonia ; chlorine ; cold affusion. Modes of Distinguishing some op the Yegetable Alkaloids, when in Powder. Treat the powder with nitric acid ; this is colored red by Brucia, Delphia, Morphia, and by the Strychnia of commerce, but not the pure. If the red- dened acid becomes violet on the addition of protochloride of tin, it is Brucia; if it becomes black and carbonaceous, it is Delphia,. If the powder is fusible without decomposition, and decomposes iodic acid, it is Morphia; if it is not fusible without decomposition, and does not decompose iodic acid, it is Strychnia. If the powder strikes a green with nitric acid, it is Solania ; if insoluble in ether, and does not redden nitric acid, it is Emetia ; if soluble in ether, does not redden nitric acid, but melts and volatilizes with heat, it is Atropia ; if thus affected by ether or nitric acid, but does not volatilize, it is Veratria. INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES Abscess. Lead ointment, 449. Lead cataplasm, 449. Caustic potassa, 452. Soap cataplasm, 515. Abscess, Mammary. Liniment acetate lead, 446. Oint. iod. potass, and morphia, 467. Acidity of Stomach. Ammonia, 122. Lime water and milk, 186. Pre- pared chalk, 183. Alkaline infusion cascarilla, 209. Milk and soda water, 367. Magnesia mixt., 380. Carbonate potass., 458. Alkaline tincture rhubarb, 495. Purgative pastilles, 522. Carbonate sodium, 544. Loz- enges, soda, 541. Acne. Wash of benzoin, 174. Ointment of subacetate lead, 447. Com- pound powder sulphur, 562. Amaurosis. Ammoniac mixture, 120. Anemone, 136. Chloride of gold and sodium, 160. Comp. powder sulphate mercury, 344. Pills strychnia, 557. Collyrium and liniment strychnia, 558. Powder white hellebore, 582. Amenorrhea. Mixture of yarrow, 86. Hiera picra and other preparations of aloes, 108, 110, 196. Rufus's pills, 109. Injection ammonia, 122. Chloride of ammonium, 127. De Haen's pills, 120. Pills of ammoniac, 119. Iodide of calcium, 185. Cantharides and savine, 197. Compound pills of columbo, 190. Mayweed, 252. Saffron, 254. Infusion dittany, 257. Metallic iron, 278. Bolus metallic iron, 278. Ammoniated iron, 279. Ointment bromide iron, 281. Pills carbonate iron, 281. Mixture chloride iron, 284. Lozenges iodide iron, 289. Ointment iodide iron, 291. Black oxide iron, 294. Phosphate iron, 295. Sulphate iron, 297. Hooper's pills, 109, 297. Compound galbanum pills, 303. Compound infusion gentian, 308. Compound tincture guaiacum, 319. Ammoniated tincture guaiacum, 319. Infusion pennyroyal, 321. Bacher's pills, 322. Tincture black hellebore, 322. Compound pills iodide mercuiy, 339. Saturated tincture iodine, 351. Clyster iodine, 353. Oxide of manganese, 386. Horehound, 388. Myrrh and sulphate iron, 405. Tincture myrrh and hellebore, 406. Madder, 500. Decoction madder, 501. Savine and ginger, 504. Savine pills, 504. Oil savine, 504. Seneka, 529. Com- pound infusion senna, 533. Mixture of borax, 543. I Anasarca. Calomel and squill, 335. Cream of tartar, 456. Mixture dan- delion, 570. Anesthetic Remedies. Sulphuric ether, 105. Chloroform, 223. Angina Pectoris. Assafetida and musk, 154. Succinate of ammonium, 130. Angina Syphilitic. Mercurial gargle, 327. Aphonia. Decoction arnica, 150. 45 ( 705 ) 706 APHTHAE. CALCULOUS AFFECTIONS. Aphtha. Decoction wild indigo, 16*7. Barberry, 174. New Jersey tea, 214. Chlorine, 222. Infusion goldthread, 250. Collutory creasote, 253. Soot mouth-wash, 302. Collutory rhatany, 365. Mixture carbonate potassium, 460. Lozenges borax, 542. Collutory borax, 542. Honey borax, 543. Arsenic, Poisoning by. Hydrated oxide of iron, 293. Mixture of sul- phuret of potassium, 476. Ascarides. Suppository aloes, 111. Injection aloes, 112. Clyster southern- wood, 151. Assafetida and iron, 154. Clyster assafetida, 154. Clyster camphor, 194. Wormseed, 220. Compound tincture tartrate of iron, 28*7. Mixture of rue, 503. Mixture senna, 533. Infusion tansy, 568. Ascites. Electuary Per. bark and iron, 230. Colocynth mixture, 243. Pill, foxglove, 265. Foxglove and tartaric acid, 266. Elaterium mixture, 210. Gamboge mixture, 306. Black sulphuret of mercury, 344. Cream of tartar, 455. Mixture dandelion, 570. Asthma. Ammoniac pill, 119. Ammoniac mixture, 120. Assafetida mix- ture, 154. Benzoin, 173. Catalpa, 212. Coffee, 237. Hypodermic injec- tion conia, 246. Tincture larkspur, 263. Pill foxglove, 265. Skunk cab- bage, 268. Galbanum mixture, 303. Henbane and squill, 348. Mixture elecampane, 350. Oymel elecampane, 351. Ipecacuanha and soda, 355. Ipecacuanha and nitre, 355. Ipecacuanha and foxglove, 356. Tincture lobelia, 377. Opium and foxglove, 420. Opium and castor, 421. Solu- tion cyanide potass., 463. Scillitic acetate potassium, 453. Mixture of carbonate potassium, 460. Crowfoot, 489. Mixture extract elder berries, 509. Squill and ammoniac, 523. Compound tincture squill and benzoin, 525. Compound stramonium pills, 555. Atrophy. Mixture eggs, 430 Bed Sores. Alum liniment, 118. Mixture of tincture camphor, 193. Car- bonate lead plaster, 448. Liniment and ointment tannate of lead, 450. Bladder, Diseases of. Benzoic acid, 89, and copaiba, 89. Gallic acid, 93. Benzoate ammonium, 125. Sal ammoniac draught, 128. Buchu, 179. Emulsion cantharides, 197. Electuary of cubebs, 255. Infusion of flax- seed, 375. Pareira brava, 433. Paullinia, 434. Mixture carbonate sodium and copaiba, 541. Couch grass, 575. Compound powder uva ursi, 576. Bones, Pains of. Decoction mezcreon, 395. Tincture acetate strychnia, 558. Bronchitis. Inhalation, carbolic acid, 90. Tannic acid, 101. Anisated ammoniated alcohol, 124. Nitrate of silver, 146. Indian turnip, 152. Iodide calcium, 185. Colchicum mixture, 241. Creasote pills, 252. Mo- nesia, 397. Linctus opium, 424. Sumbul, 566. Bubo. Mercurial plaster, 330. Ointment iodoform, 354. Anodyne oint- ment, 423. Plaster acetate lead, 447. Lead ointment, 449. Lead cata- plasm, 449. Burns, Scalds. Carbolic acid, 91. Ointment wild indigo, 167. Lotion benzoin, 174. Ointment of tannin and bismuth, 176. Solution chlorinated lime, 188. Lime water and oil, 186. Compound creasote ointment, 253. Carded cotton, 314. Cerate cherry-laurel, 371. Liniment of lime, 186. Kentish's ointment, 415. Liniment eggs, 431. Basilicon ointment, 489. Calculous Affections. Draught muriatic acid, 96. Phosphate of am- monium, 129. Lime water and carbonate potassium, 186. Peruvian bark, 226. Wild potato, 247. Mixture Prussian blue, 288. Nitrate of CALCULI, BILIARY. — CHANCRE. 707 iron, 292. Magnesia and gentian, 380. Solution nitro-saccharate lead, 450. Solution caustic potassa, 452. Borate of potassium, 357. Mixture bicarbonate potassium, 465. Pills carbonate sodium, 545. Lozenges bi- carbonate sodium, 541. Injection carbonate sodium, 545. Uva ursi, 5*16. Calculi, Biliary. Turpentine and ether, 414. Cancer. Arsenical powder, 88. Solution of arsenic, 88. Carbolic acid lotion, 91. Chromic acid, 92. Injection alum, 118. Acetate ammonium, 124. Iodide arsenic, 150. Chloride gold, 160. Chloride barium, 168. Compound pills belladonna, 171. Extract marigold, 189. Liniment mari- gold, 189. Carrot ointment, 207. Hemlock, 244. Cataplasm hemlock, 246. Arseniate of iron, 280. Phosphate iron, 296. Compound soot ointment, 302. Hop ointment, 326. Iodoform, 354. Infusion cherry-laurel, 370. Ointment cherry-laurel, 371. Ointment turpentine, 572. Ointment car- bonate lead, 447. Ointment chloride lead, 448. Lotion chloride lead, 448. Ointment iodide potass, and opium, 467. Solution chlorinated soda, 539. Chloride zinc, 586. Cancrum Oris. Pyroligneous acid, 88. Solution chlorate patassium, 461. Cardialgia. Oil of wormwood, 84. Mixture boracic acid, 90. Acetic ether, 104. Ammonia, 121. Lime water and potass., 186. Columbo and magnesia, 190. Ignatia, 340. Compound powder of kino, 363. Magne- sia mixture, 380. Nux vomica, 408. Rhubarb and chalk, 490. Carbo- nate sodium and rhubarb, 544. Caries. Phosphoric acid, 98. Creasote ointment, 253. Cataract. Anemone, 135. Solution of atropia, 157. Catarrh. Carbolized ether, 90. Gum mixture, lozenges, etc., 84. Mix- ture benzoic acid, 89. Infusion and syrup of maidenhair, 104. Hy- drocyanic ether, 105. Garlic, 107. Marshmallow, 114. Ammoniac mixture, 120. Ammoniac and nitric acid, 120. Ammoniated anisated alcohol, 124. Almond emulsion, 133. Starch lozenges, 135. Lozenges kermes mineral, 141. Mixture kermes mineral, 141. Tronchin's lozenges, 141. Tartar emetic and opium, 143. Arum, 152. Syrup asparagus, 153. Butter cacao, 181. Catechu and liquorice, 213. Powder spermaceti, 217. Spermaceti mixture, 217. Mixture bittersweet, 269.' Emetia lozenges, 271. Barley sugar, 324. Prepared liquorice, 313. Mixture henbane, 347. Compound pills elecampane, 350. Mixture elecampane, 350. Compound oxymel elecampane, 351. Ipecacuanha lozenges, 356. Lozenges ipecacu- anha and camphor, 356. Sugar of milk and Iceland moss, 506. Loz- enges lactucarium, 369. Horehound syrup and candy, 389. Pectoral hydromel, 391. Mixture balsam Peru, 165. Myrrh and squill, 504. So- lution cyanide potassium, 463. Nitrate potassium and orris root, 471. Syrup red poppies, 496. Squill and ipecacuanha, 523. Seneka and prep., 529-530. Sulphur and liquorice, 562. Sulphur and orris root, 562. Tur- pentine and myrrh, 571. Emulsion balsam tolu, 166. Mixture tolu and morphia, 166. Green hellebore, 583. Pastilles de Paris, 596. Cephalalgia. Mixture vinegar and cardamom, 86. Lotion ammonia, 123. Carbonate ammonium, 126. Asarabacca, 152. Ward's essence, 194. Cas- tor plaster, 212. Sneezewort, 321. Liniment oil amber, 561. Mixture valerian and ammonia, 579. Valerianate zinc, 592. Cerebral Affections. Clyster tartar emetic, 144. Horseradish, 148. Clyster colocynth, 243. Bolus of foxglove, 264. Infusion galiuin, 305. Mixture boro-tartrate potass., 457. Clyster common salt and arnica, 546. Chancre. Syrup gold, 160. Ointment gold, 160. Creasote lotion, 253. Mercurial lotion, 327. Mercurial liniment, 350. Black wash, 341. Yel- low wash, 342. 708 CHAPS. — CONSTIPATION. Chaps. Glycerin, 312. Anodyne ointment, 423. Liniment carbonate potassium, 459. Cold cream, 133, 217. Ointment elder leaves, 509. Camphorated soap, 513. Chilblains. Muriatic acid lotion, 96. Sulphuric acid liniment, 100. Alum ointment, 119. Solution chloride lime, 186. Camphor ointment, 195. Liniment of cantharides, 199. Tincture Cayenne pepper, 203. Compound ointment creasote, 253. Ointment henbane, 348. Lotion iodine, 352. Liniment balsam Peru, 164. Turpentine lotion, 413. Em- brocation petroleum, 435. Soap iodide potass., 468. Lotion carbonate potass., 460. Liniment pellitory, 479. Rose oil, 498. Mustard liniment, 538. Borax ointment, 543. Chlorosis. Pills aloes and iron, 109. Barthez's pills, 111. De Haen's pills, 120. Metallic iron, 278. Compound powder metallic iron, 278. Pills metallic iron, 278. Bolus ammoniated iron, 280. Pills carbonate iron, 281. Tincture chloride iron, 283. Bath iodide iron, 291. Oxalate iron, 293. Black oxide iron, 294. Electuary black oxide iron, 294. Sul- phate iron, 297. Blaud's pills, 297. Syrup sulphate iron, 298. Tartrate of iron and potass., 286. Tannate iron, 298. Compound galbanum pills, 303. Oxide manganese, 386. Chocolate with paullinia, 434. Compound rhubarb pills, 491. Decoction madder, 501. Compound powder valerian, 577. Cholera. Carbolic acid mixture, 91. Mixture nitric acid, 97. Liniment nitric acid, 97. Compound bismuth powder, 175. Camphor powder and mixture, 191-193. Extract hemp, 196. Infusion logwood, 320. Sugar milk draught, 506. Opium and acetate lead, 420. Compound pill acetate lead, 444. Mixture bicarbonate potassium, 455. Stevens's saline powder, 461. Plaster sulphate quinia, 488. Cholera Infantum. Logwood, 320. Milk and suet, 367. Acetate lead, 444. Infusion benne, 536. Chorea. Arsenic, 150. Ammoniated copper, 259. Carbonate iron, 281. Mixture Dippel's animal oil, 409. Calabar bean, 437. Mixture cyanide potass., 463. Oxide zinc, 589. Ethereal tincture chloride zinc, 587. Ferro-cyanide zinc, 588. Black snakeroot, 225. Colic. Alkaline tincture wormwood, 83. Anise, 137. Dewees's carmina- tive, 156, 381. Clyster assafetida, 154. Infusion carawa}^, 207. Embro- cation caraway, 208. Clove plaster, 208. Infusion catnep, 212. Infusion cinnamon, 234. Infusion fennel, 300. Oil pennyroyal, 321. Oil laurel, 370. Mace, 379. Dalby's carminative, 381. Plaster opium and camphor, 422. Opium liniment, 422. Cataplasm black pepper, 440. Emulsion carbonate potassium, 459. Tincture rhubarb and gentian, 494. Com- pound sagapenum pills, 507. Terebinthinate balsam sulphur, 563. Infu- sion tobacco, 567. Clyster turpentine, 571. Turpentine mixture, 572. Ginger, 593. Spice plaster, 594. Colica Pictonum. Sulphuretted water, 95. Sulphuric acid lemonade, 99. Alum mixture, 118. Alum julep, 118. Liniment belladonna, 172. Elec- tuary of jalap, 360. Opium and sulphur, 419. Opium and cinnamon water, 426. Condylomata. Lotion corrosive sublimate and camphor, 333. Bed oxide mercury, 342. Constipation. Acetic acid clyster, 87. Preparations aloes, 108. Assa- fetida and aloes, 94. Mitchell's pills, 109. Anderson's pills, 109. Web- ster's pills, 109. Morrison's pills, 109. Griffitt's pills, 492. Tartar emetic clyster, 144. Pills of aloes and assafetida, 108. Charcoal electu- ary, 205. Tills elaterium, 270. Extract butternut, 361. Compound pills buckbean, S95. Glycerite of Calabar bean, 438. Compound rhubarb CONTUSIONS. — CUTANEOUS DISEASES. 709 pills, 491. Rhubarb and ox gall, 492. Senna, 531. Compound solution sulphate of sodium, 548. Rochelle salt, 464. Compound powder sulphur, 562. Clyster turpentine, 571. Contusions. Sulph. acid and alcohol, 99. Lotion sal ammoniac, 127. Liniment sal ammoniac, 12.8. Arnica and rue, 150. Lotion sulphate copper, 261. Cataplasm hops, 326. Arquebusade water, 394. Compound spirit nutmeg, 405. Fomentation carbonate potass., 459. Lotion nitrate potass., 412. Wine and vinegar of roses, 499. Aromatic fomentation, 401. Aromatic vinegar, 87. Opodeldoc, 514. Soap liniment, 514. Fomentation common salt, 546. Turpentine liniment, 5*71. Convulsions. Garlic, 10 7. Assafetida mixture, 154. Monobromated cam- phor, 195. Powder of foxglove, 264. Musk clyster, 402. Liniment oil amber, 561. Cornea, Affections of. Aloes, 108. Anemone, 135. Ointment cyanide silver, 146. Ointment iodide silver, 146. Ointment sulphate cadmium, 182. Powder calomel and sugar, 335. Compound ointment cod-liver oil, 411. Collyrium caustic potass., 452. Collyrium carbonate potass., 459. Corns. Plaster ammonia, 123. Verdigris ointment, 258. Verdigris plas- ter, 258. Lotion iodine, 352. Coryza. Lozenges cubebs, 255. Injection opium, 424. Cough. Mixture gum Arabic, 84. Jackson's cough syrup, 85, 596. Hydro- cyanic ether, 105. Marshmallow, 114. Ammoniac, 119. Almond emul- sion, 133. Green linctus, 133. White linctus, 133. Tartar emetic, 142. Antimonial wine and ammoniac, 145. Assafetida and squill, 155. Cam- phorated cough mixture, 195. Tincture cochineal, 236. Mixture quince seeds, 262. Liquorice, 313. Wistar's cough lozenges, 313. Barley sugar, 324. Powder of ipecacuanha and myrrh, 355. Lactucarium, 368. Syrup of muriate of morphia, 400. Lozenges of naphthalin, 407. ' Brown cough mixture, 314. Opiate linctus, 428. Wistar's lozenges, 429. Pec- toral syrup, 432. Squill,' 522. Seneka and prep., 529. Storax, 559. Mixture oil amber, 561. Linctus with sulphur, 663. Mixture tolu and belladonna, 166. Oxide zinc, 589. Jackson's lozenges, 596. Pastilles de Paris, 596. Cramp in the Stomach. Ammoniated tincture of castor, 211. Ferro- cyanide zinc, 588. Croup. Inhalation, carbolic acid, 90. Lactic acid, 96. Carbonate am- monium ointment, 127. Sulphuretted syrup, 130. Sulphate copper, 260. Syrup sulphuret potass., 475. Compound syrup sulphuret potass., 475. Mixture sulphuret potass., 476. Compound syrup squill, 524. Oxymel squill and valerian, 526. Mixture seneka, 530. Cataplasm tobacco, 567. Cutaneous Diseases. Carbolic acid, 90. Hydrosulphuretted bath, 95. Muriatic acid bath, 96. Sulphurous acid, 100. Lotion alum, 118. Arse- niate ammonium, 125. Iodide ammonium, 128. Sulphuretted sulphide ammonium, 130. Sulphuret antimony, 140. Lotion tartar emetic, 144. Iodide arsenic,. 150. Donovan's solution, 151. Chloride barium, 168. Ointment subnitrate bismuth, 176. Solution bromine, 178. Lime oint- ment, 186. Anthracokali, 205. Ointment iodide carbon, 206. Creasote ointment, 253. Decoction bittersweet, 269. Extract bittersweet, 269. Mixture soot, 301. Fuligokali, 302. Decoction guaiacum, 317. Guaiacum and sulphur, 318. Compound mercurial powder, 326. Solution acetate mercury, 331. Ointment white precipitate, 331. Bateman's lotion, 329. Plummer's pills, 336. Calomel ointment, 337. Ointment red iodide mer- cury, 339. Ointment nitrate mercury, 340. Ointment sulphate mercury, 344. Black sulphuret mercury, 344. Red sulphuret mercury, 345. Oil 710 DEAFNESS. — DIAEEH(EA. of cade, 363. Compound decoction mezereon, 396. Cod-liver oil, 410. Phosphorated cerate, 437. Burgundy pitch, 441. Tar water, 442. Lotion cyanide potass., 463. Ointment iodide potass, and mercury, 46 7. Iodu- retted water, 468. Sulphuret potass., 414. Lotion sulphuret potass., 475. Barlow's lotion, 476. Mixture sulphuret potass., 476. Aromatic bath, 499. Extract elder berries, 509. Sarsaparilla, 516. Ointment bromide sodium, 544. Sulphuret sodium, 549. Arseniate sodium, 540. Soda and ipecacuanha, 544. Ointment carbonate sodium, 545. Hyposulphite sodium, 547. Compound pills sulphate sodium, 548. Lotion sulphate sodium, 549. Sulphur and cream of tartar, 562. Poison oak, 573. De- coction elm bark, 575. Decoction white hellebore, 582. Iodide zinc, 588. Arsenical pills, 89. Lotion of hydrocyanic acid, 94. Hydrosulphnretted bath, 95. Ointment of nitric acid, 97. Goulard's lotion, 132. Safflower, 207. Glycerin, 312. Ethereal tincture of iodine, 351. Chloride of man- ganese, 385. Fowler's solution, 454. Mixture of iodine and arsenic, 454. Di-arsenite of quinia, 482. Zittman's decoction, 517. Syrup of Laffec- teur, 519. Iodide of sulphur, 565. Deafness. Cayenne pepper lozenges, 202. Acoustic balsam, 595. Injec- tion caustic potassa, 452. Debility. Preparations cacao, 180. Hypophosphites, 185. Camphor mix- ture, 193. Wines, etc, cinchona, 232. Elixirs of cinchona, 597. Harts- horn jelly, 251. Preparations iron, 277. Barley meal, 324. Clyster eggs, 430. Mixture eggs, 430. Chocolate and paullinia, 434. Delirium Tremens. Bromide ammonium, 125. Bromide calcium, 183. Chloral hydrate, 222. Tincture digitalis, 266. Opium and musk, 420. Laudanum and tartar emetic, 429. Diabetes. Gallic acid, 93. Phosphoric acid, 98. Hydrosulphuret am- monia, 130. Compound pills ammoniated copper, 260. Compound pills kino, 364. Pills acetate morphia, 398. Carbonate potassium and ammo- nium, 463. Sulphur mixture, 563. Diarrhoea. Gallic acid, 93. Tannic acid, 100. Acetate aluminum, 115. Alum, 116. Angustura, 137. Mixture chamomile, 139. Antimonial wine and laudanum, 145. Arnica, 149. Dewees's Carminative, 156. Sub- nitrate bismuth, 175. Tannate bismuth, 176. Clyster bistort, 177. Com- pound powder chalk, 183. Lozenges chalk, 184. Chalk mixture, 184. Columbo, 191-192. Camphor water and laudanum, 192. Camphor water and nitric acid, 193. Compound cascarilla powder, 209. Catechu, 212. Chlorine clyster, 222. Peruvian bark and rhatany, 229. Electuary Peru- vian bark, 230. Infusion columbo and ginger, 190. Columbo and cas- carilla, 191. Creasote mixture, 252. Sulphate copper, 260. Electuary sulphate copper, 261. Wine persimmons, 268. Infusion black purslane, 276. Mixture ammoniated iron, 280. Persesquinitrate iron, 292. Com- pound infusion galls, 305. Syrup galls, 305. Geranium, 310. Compound powder of avens, 312. Decoction pomegranate rind, 316. Infusion log- wood, 320. Electuary logwood, 320. Compound powder kino, 363. Electu- ary kino, 364. Compound powder rhatany, 364. Syrup sweet gum bark, 376. Monesia, 397. Injection acetate morphia, 398. Opium and chalk, 419. Roasted opium, 419. Plaster opium and camphor, 422. Mixture wine of opium, 426. Sedative mixture, 426, 433. Bolus allspice, 438. Acetate lead, 444. Acetate lead mixture, 445. Decoction oak bark, 481. Confection acorns, 481. Roasted rhubarb, 491. Rhubarb mixture, 495. Confection dog rose, 497. Electuary roses, 498. Decoction blackberry root, 501. Infusion benne, 536. Hardhack, 552. Compound turpentine plaster, 572. Tormentil, 573. Infusion slippery elm, 576. Mixture of DIPHTHERIA. — DTSMENOEEH(EA. 711 gum Arabic, 84. Subnitrate of bismuth, 115. Columbo and salep, 191. Sweet fern, 294. Oil of ergot, 273. Tincture of gentian, 310. Avens, 311. Barley, 324. Magnesia and rhubarb, 380. Marsh rosemary, 554. Diphtheria. Gargle, carbolic acid, 91. Creasote, 253. Chloride iron, 284. Chlorate potassium, 401. Disinfection. Prophylactic vinegar, 87. Carbolic acid, 90-91. Gaseous muriatic acid, 96. Chloride of lime, 188. Chlorine, 222. Solution chlo- ride of potass., 461. Permanganate of potassium, 473. Solution chloride soda, 539. Dropsy. Indian hemp, 196. Infusion and syrup horseradish, 158. Com pound spirit and infusion horseradish, 149. Decoction asparagus, 153 Extract asparagus, 153. Chloride gold and sodium, 160. Hairy hore hound, 164. Wine bryony, 179. Camphorated ethereal tincture cantha rides, 199. Vinegar cayenne pepper, 203. Infusion carrot seeds, 207 Celandine, 219. Pipsissewa, 220. Black snakeroot, 225. Vinegar colchicum 239. Colchicum and squill, 241. Horsebalm, 242. Colocynth, 242. Pow dered foxglove, 264. Pills foxglove, 265. Infusion foxglove, 265. Elaterium 270. Canada fleabane, 274. Gamboge, 306. Black hellebore, 321 Bacher's pills, 321. Compound wine black hellebore, 322. Jalap and cream of tartar, 359. Compound powder jalap, 359. Compound infusion juniper, 362. Preparations juniper, 362. Mustard whey, 537. Aromatic tincture lettuce, 369. Starkey's soap, 415. Embrocation petroleum, 435. Mixture petroleum, 435. Infusion parsley root, 436. Solution iodide potassium, 466. Scillitic acetate potassium, 453. Liquid acetate potass- ium, 453. Mixture acetate potassium, 454. Borotartrate potassium, 457. Nitrate potassium and squill, 471. Mixture nitrate potassium, 472. Cream of tartar, 455. Tartrate potassium and ammonium, 464. Decoction elder bark, 509. Confection scammony, 521. Squill, 522. Squill and nitrate potassium, 523. Squill and cream of tartar, 523. Infusion and decoction broom, 528. Acetate sodium, 529. Solution carbonate sodium, 544. Pills tobacco, 566. Wine tobacco, 566. Decoction dandelion, 569. Extract dandelion, 569. Electuary turpentine, 571. Veratria, 580. Sweet spirit of nitre, 552. Infusion of buchn, 179. Extract and decoction of cahinca, 182. Infusion of Peruvian bark, 229. Ethereal tincture of foxglove, 266. Digitalin, 267. Phosphate of iron, 295. Electuary of jalap, 360. Dropsy, Ovarian. Ointment iodine and mercury, 355. Solution iodide potass., 466. Dysentery. Mixture nitric acid, 97. Starch jelly, 135. Starch and suet, 135. Angustura, 137. Clyster bistort, 177. Camphor water and lauda- num, 192. Camphor water and nitric acid, 192. Cascarilla mixture, 209. Electuary catechu, 213. Infusion black purslane, 276. Mixture extract logwood, 320. Calomel and opium, 337. Ignatia, 349. Decoction ipecacu- anha, 356. Mixture ipecacuanha, 357. Emulsion jalap, 360. Electuary kino, 364. Mixture rhatany, 365. Milk and suet, 367. Mixture cherry- laurel, 370. Syrup sweet gum bark, 376. Injection morphia, 398. Nux vomica, 408. Mixture nux vomica and aloes, 409. Oleaginous mixture, 412. Opium and acetate lead, 420. Opiate, 422. Plaster opium and camphor, 422. Opium and syrup poppies, 426. Pills of rhubarb and ipecacuanha, 491. Confection dog rose, 497. Syrup blackberries, 501. Compound powder sulphur, 562. Infusion slippery elm, 576. Compound pills sulphate zinc, 591. Dysmenorrhea. Infusion southernwood, 151. Camphor mixture, 193. Compound pills ergot, 273. Clyster iodine, 353. 712 DYSPEPSIA. — EYE, AFFECTIONS OF. Dyspepsia. Wormwood, 83. Aloes pills, 108. Anise, 137. Extract cha- momile, 139. Compound chamomile pills, 139. Orange-peel and rhubarb, 157. Compound orange elixir, 159. Bismuth, 175. Calamus, 182. Cayenne pepper pills, 202. Infusion cinnamon, 234. Powder coriander, 250. Pill prepared metallic iron, 278. Mixture malate iron, 292. Nitrate iron, 292. Mixture soot, 301. Infusion gentian and rhubarb, 309. Mix- ture gentian and sulphuric acid, 310. Masterwort, 323. Infusion hops, 325. Mercury, chalk, and ipecacuanha, 327. Bolus ipecacuanha, 355. Ipecacuanha and centaury, 356. Rice jelly, 430. Solution hydrargyro- iodide potass., 463. Pancreatin, 431. Pepsin, 434, 597. Sulphate potas- sium and rhubarb, 474. Rhubarb, 490. Soda and rhubarb, 544. Mixture carbonate sodium and quassia, 544. Compound turpentine plaster, 572. Oxide zinc and columbo, 589. Alkaline tincture of wormwood, 83. Lac- tic acid, 95. Alkaline wine of aloes, 112. Chamomile pills, 139. Subni- trate of bismuth, 175. Calamus, 182. Antacid mixture, 186. Aromatic powder, 206. Wine of tartrate of iron, 287. Magnesia and orange-peel, 379. Dyspncea. Opium and castor, 421. Dysuria. Benzoic acid and copaiba, 89. Tartar emetic and phosphate calcium, 143. Infusion fleabane, 274. Mixture lycopodium, 378. Pills nitrate potassium, 471. Crowfoot, 489. Mixture tobacco, 567. Ear, Affections of. Pyroligneous acid, 88. Acoustic balsam, 164. In- jection morphia, 308. Anti-otitic mixture, 423. Opium liniment, 422. Ecchymosis. Juniper liniment, 363. Lotion nitrate potassium, 472. Elephantiasis. Mudar, 189. Engorgements, Yisceral. Pills black oxide iron, 294. Electuary black oxide iron, 294. Calomel and dandelion, 335. Calomel and squill, 335. Sulphate mercury, 344. Compound powder rhubarb, 491. Tartrate sodium and rhubarb, 464. Mixture tartrate sodium, 464. Tartrate sodium whey, 464. Compound infusion dandelion, 569. Epilepsy. Valerianate ammonium, 131. Nitrate silver, 146. Mugwort, 152. Belladonna, 170. Valerianate bismuth, 176. Oil box, 180. Elec- tuar}' Peruvian bark, 330. Chloride copper, 259. Ammoniated copper, 259. Ammoniated copper and belladonna, 259. Compound pills sulphate copper, 260. Ammoniated iron, 279. Prussian blue, 288. Wine galium, 304. Masterwort, 223. Calomel and opium, 337. Indigo, 350. Opium and nitrate silver, 420. Phosphorated oil, 436. Mixture biniodide potas- sium, 469. Compound powder valerian, 577. Oxide zinc, 589. Com- pound pills oxide zinc, 590. Ethereal tincture chloride zinc, 587. Com- pound pills sulphate zinc, 591. Epistaxis. Alum, 116. Sulphate copper styptic, 261. Injection sulphate iron, 298. Excoriation. Hydrate aluminium, 115. Cold cream, 133, 217. Glycerite of bismuth, 176. Butter cacao ointment, 181. Glycerin, 312. Lycopo- dium, 378. Carbonate lead ointment, 447. Plaster carbonate lead, 448. Ointment tannate lead, 450. Rose oil, 498. Camphor soap, 513. Oint- ment oxide zinc, 590. Cerate carbonate zinc, 586. Exanthemata. Compound mercurial powder, 326. Sulphuret magnesium, 884. Balm, 392. Mixture Virginia snakeroot and allspice, 536. Com- pound infusion elm bark, 576. EYE, AFFECTIONS of. A tropin,, 156. Camphor ointment, 195. Camphor collyrium, 195. Collyrium iodine, 352. Calabar bean, 437. FACE, ERUPTIONS OX. — FLATULENCE. 713 Face. Eruptions on, Blotches, etc. Wash sal ammoniac, 128. Almond paste, 131. Almond powder, 131. Compound almond lotion, 132. Milk roses. 132. 174. Goulard's lotion, 445. Cosmetic liniment, 134. Water anemone, 136. Wash of benzoin, 174. Emulsion benzoin, 174. Sperma- ceti liniment. 218. Sultana ointment, 218. Emulsion corrosive sublimate, 333. Cosmetic wash. 334. Lotion carbonate potassium, 460. Beef mar- row soap. 513. Aromatic soap, 513. Cosmetic soap powder, 513. Essence of soap. 515. Lotion oxide of zinc, 590. Fainting. Aromatic vinegar, 87. Aromatic carbonate of ammonium, 126. Succinate ammonium, 129. Fever. Vinegar mixture. 85. Syrup vinegar, SQ. Citric acid, 92. Effer- vescing powders, 92, 102. Tartaric acid, 101. Sweet spirit of nitre, 552. Acetate ammonium, 124. Citrate ammonium, 128. Nitrate ammonium, 129. Tartar emetic. 142. Mixture extract centaury, 215. Boneset, 275. Compound powder ammoniated iron, 280. Mixture avens, 312. Calomel and jalap. 334. Calomel and nitrate potassium, 335. Dover's powder, 354. Ipecacuanha and tragacanth, 355. Infusion malt, 384. Citrate potas- sium. 462. Nitrate potassium. 471. Nitrous powders, 471. Mixture nitrate potassium. 472. Mixture sulphate potassium, 473. Easpberry vinegar. 502. Infusion of sage, 508. Tamarinds, 567. Fever, Hectic Compound infusion boneset, 275. Goelis's powder, 405. Compound powder sulphate quinia, 485. Compound infusion sage, 508. Fever. Intermittent. Pills arsenic and opium, 89. Lockstadt's pills, 134. Golden sulphuret antimony, 141. Tartar emetic and quinia, 143. Elec- tuary orange-peel. 157. Bebeerina, 169. Camphor water and ether, 194. Cetrarin, 219. Preparations Peruvian bark, 228. Cinchonia, 233. De- coction coffee, 237. Dogwood, 251. Pills sulphate copper, 260. Sulphate copper and opium. 260. Persimmon, 268. Eucalyptus, 275. Compound powder Prussian blue, 288. Gelsemium, 30L Mixture of avens, 312. Horsechestnut, 323. Tulip-tree bark, 376. Magnolia, 384. Narcotina, 407. Phloridzin, 436. Phosphorated oil turpentine, 437. Piperina, 440. Mixture acetate potassium, 454. Arsenical solution, 88. Arseniate potas- sium. 454. Mixture citrate potassium and bark, 462. Oxalate potassium, 472. Quassia. 4S0. Oak bark, 481. Quinia and salts, 482. Salicin, 507. Willow bark, 507. Virginia snakeroot, 535. Common salt and lemon juice, 546. Arseniate sodium, 540. Solution chlorinated soda, 539. Fever, Typhus. Sulphurous acid, 100. Carbonate ammonium, 126. Pow- der of oxide of gold. 162. Wild indigo, 167. Clyster camphor, 194. Liniment cantharides, 199. Tincture cayenne pepper, 203. Yeast mix- ture, 277. Musk mixture, 403. Turpentine mixture, 572. Laudanum and tartar emetic, 429. Egg and brandy mixture, 431. Egg and wine mixture, 431. Mixture Virginia snakeroot and allspice, 536. Wine Vir- ginia snakeroot and vanilla, 536. Tincture Virginia snakeroot and balsam Peru, 536. Mustard whey. 537. Chlorinated soda, 539. issures, Anes. Ointment acetate lead, 447. istul^e. Injections copaiba, 248. Injection corrosive sublimate, 334. In- jection myrrh. 406. Injection iodide potass., 466. Injection iodine, 469. Compound lotion iodide potass., 469. Flatulence. Ammoniated alcohol, 124. Tincture angelica, 136. Anise, 137. Chamomile pills. 139. Tincture assafetida and soot, 156. Assa- fetida plaster, 156. Elixir orange-peel, 158. Tincture benzoin, 174. Calamus. 1S2. Aromatic powder and confection, 206. Compound tinc- ture cardamom, 206. Spirit caraway, 207. Preparations cloves, 208. Cinnamon, 234. Coriander, 250. Elixir de Gams, 254. Oil of dittany. 714 FCETOK ORIS.— GONORRHOEA. 257. Infusion of fennel, 300. Oil of partridge-berry, 307. Pennyroyal', 321. Henbane and ipecacuanha, 347. Lavender, 371. Magnesia and camphor, 351. Peppermint, 393. Nutmeg, 404. Confection opium, 421. Water allspice, 439. Electuary black pepper, 439. Compound tincture sassafras, 520. Purgative pastilles, 522. Soda mint, 542. Mixture car- bonate sodium and gentian, 544. Golden rod, 550. Compound turpen- tine plaster, 572. Ginger, 593. Foztor Oris. Mixture nitric acid, 97. Alum, 116. Lozenges chloride of lime, 188. Charcoal lozenges, 205. Lozenges catechu, 213. Pastilles catechu, 213: Creasote, 252. Frost, Effcts of. Muriatic acid lotion, 96. Sulphuric acid liniment, 100. Rust's ointment, 119. Oil elaterium, 270. Compound ointment henbane, 348. Embrocation petroleum, 435. Ointment tannic acid, 101. Fungous Flesh. Burnt alum, 116. Chloride antimony, 139. Lotion orpi- ment, 151. Yerdigris and savine, 258. Yerdigris ointment, 258. Ganglionic System, Diseases of. Cataplasm of bryony, 179. Prussian blue, 288. Gangrene. Lotion of bromine, 178. Compound camphor pills, 192. Peru- vian bark and arnica, 226. Cataplasm Peruvian bark, 231. Musk pills, 402. Anodyne ointment, 423. Cataplasm oak bark, 481. Gastralgia. Mixture aconite, 104. Subnitrate bismuth, 175. Syrup codeia, 237. Gastrodynia. Oxide silver, 148. Compound bismuth powder, 175. Com- pound tincture cinnamon, 235. Oil of ergot, 273. Mercurial mixture, 329. Glands, Enlarged. Plaster ammoniac with mercury, 121. Bromide am- monium, 125. Cataplasm bryony, 179. Ointment chloride lime, 188. Animal charcoal, 205. Ointment of iodide of carbon, 206. Hemlock and dandelion, 244. Plaster foxglove, 267. Ointment iodide iron, 291. Com- pound galbanum plaster, 304. Compound mercurial liniment, 330. Oint- ment iodide mercury, 340. Red sulphuret mercury, 345. Liniment henbane, 348. Ethereal tincture iodine, 351. Mixture iodine and iodide potassium, 352. Ointment iodoform, 354. Sulphuret potassium, 474. Compound plaster sulphuret potassium, 477. Bin-iodide of quinia, 483. Burnt sponge, 553. Gleet. Tannic acid, 100. Tincture cantharides and guaiacum, 198. Cu- bebs and ergot, 255. Compound powder ergot, 273. Pills guaiacum and turpentine, 318. Injection chloride zinc, 586. Glottis, Spasm of. Cataplasm tobacco, 567. Goitre. Solution chloride calcium, 184. Animal charcoal, 203. Iodine ointment, 353. Cataplasm iodine, 353. Iodide potass., 465. Ointment iodide potass., 467. Liniment iodide potass., 467. Sulphuret potass., 474. Burnt sponge, 553. Gonorrhoea. Injection of hydrocyanic acid, 94. Pills of tannic acid, 100- Alumina, 115. Alum, 116. Nitrate of silver, 146. Assafetida and opium, 154. Oil box, 180. Pills chloride calcium, 185. Emulsion hemp, 196. Compound bolus catechu, 213. Electuary catechu, 213. Wine Peruvian bark and calamus, 232. Copaiba and its preparations, 247. Cubebs, 254. Injection ammoniated copper, 259. Injection sulphate copper, 261. Com- pound powder ammoniated iron, 280. Injection iodide iron, 291. Pills sulphate iron, 297. Tincture galls, 305. Oil guaiacum, 317. Mixture of I iK I in ii sarsaparilla, 323. Injection corrosive sublimate, 334. Calomel and catechu, 330. Saturated "tincture iodine, 351. Injection opium, 424. GOUT. — HEMORRHOIDS. 715 Sedative injection, 433. Oil parsley, 436. Injection of ckloro-platinate of sodium, 444. Acetate lead mixture, 445. Injection sulphuret potass., 476. Injection caustic potassa, 452. Chlorate potassium, 462. Pills nitrate potassium and camphor, 471. titrated emulsion, 472. Starkey's soap, 415, 513. Oil sandalwood, 511. Turpentine and rhubarb, 571. Tur- pentine mixture, 572. Injection acetate zinc, 586. Fomentation sulphate zinc, 591. Injection sulphate zinc, 592. Sulpho-carbolate zinc, 592. Gout. Aconite, 102. Ammoniacal liniment, 122. Carbonate ammonium, 126. Phosphate ammonium, 129. Ammonium succinate, 130. Golden sulphuret antimony, 141. Sulphuret calcium, 181. Camphorated ether, 194. Portland powder, 215. Pills pipsissewa, 221. Colchicum, 238. Wine hedge hyssop, 317. Pills guaiacum and sulphur, 31S. Ammoniacal tincture guaiacum, 319. Magnesia and colchicum, 381. Confection opium, 421. Phosphorated oil, 436. Mixture caustic potassa, 452. Solution silicate potassium, 473. "Warner's cordial, 494. Extract elder berries, 509. Pills soap and ox gall, 515. Conserve broom, 528. Compound tincture senna, 532. Liniment sulphuret carbon, 565. Turpentine mixture, 572. Yeratria, 580. Wine white hellebore, 582. Gravel. Mixture Prussian blue, 280. Carbonate potassium and ammonium, 463. Gums, Affections of. Boracic acid, 89. Alumina, 115. Electuary alum, 117. Gargle alum, 115. Collutory catechu, 214. Collutory creasote, 253. Gargle sulphate zinc, 591. Hair, Loss of, etc. Garlic, 107. Almond cream, 133. Macassar oil, 134. Fixature, 135, 262, 413. Hair ctye, 147. Compound ointment balsam Peru, 165. Compound tincture cantharides, 198. Pomatum cantharides, 201. Shampoo liquid, 202. Pomatum Peruvian bark, 231. Lotion galls, 305. Ointment of lavender, 372. Bay rum, 404. Hair, to Remove. Orpiment powder, 151. Various depilatories, 602. Heart, Affections of. Syrup asparagus, 153. Bromine, 178. Foxglove and acetate lead, 266. Digitalin, 267. Mixture iodide potass., 466. Hematemesis. Calomel and acetate of lead, 335. Pills acetate lead, 444. Hemicrania. Pills of valerianate of quinia, 489. Compound powder vale- rian, 577. Electuary valerian, 578. .Hemiplegia. Pills poison oak, 574. Hemoptysis. Gallic acid mixture, 93. Inhalation tannic acid, 101. Powder starch, 135. Carrageen mixture, 225. Electuary Peruvian bark and ca- techu, 230. Creasote mixture, 252, 253. Bolus foxglove, 264. . Mixture tincture foxglove, 266. Bugle weed, 379. Sedative mixture, 426. Com- pound pills acetate lead, 444. Tolu mixture, 167. Mixture uva ursi, 577. Hemorrhages. Gallic acid, 92. Sulphuric acid, 99. Alum, 116. Alum whey, 118. Bistort, 177. Alum and catechu, 213. Extract of Peruvian bark, 228. Sulphate copper, 260. Compound powder ergot, 273. Extract ergot, 273. Oil erigeron, 274. Chloride iron and acetate lead, 283. Tincture chloride iron, 284. Solution sulphate iron, 298. Compound powder galls, 304. , Avens, 311. Compound powder kino, 363. Mixture rhatany, 365. Alum -j whey, 366. Matico, 390. Roasted opium, 418. Opium and acetate lead, 420. Compound pills acetate lead, 444. Acetate lead, 444. Mixture bistort, 177. Hemostatic powder, 489. Powder sulphate sodium and opium, 548. Mixture uva ursi, 577. Eau de Pagliari, 596. Hemorrhoids. Aloetic mixture, 112. Alum ointment, 119. Lime oint^ nient, 186. Charcoal suppository, 205. Extract Peruvian bark, 228. Hemlock oil, 245. Suppository hemlock, 246. Saffron ointment, 254* 716 HEP AT-ITIS.— HYSTERIA. Oil elaterium, 270. Ointment galls, 306. Compound gall ointment, 305. Witch hazel, 311. Ointment mercury and belladonna, 350. Ointment red oxide mercury and tin, 343. Suppositories iodoform, 354. Ointment henbane, 348. Electuary jalap, 360. Ointment matico, 390. Injection morphia, 398. Anodyne ointment, 423. Ointment opium and tar, 423. Laudanum ointment, 423. Confection black pepper, 439. Ward's paste, 439. Pile ointment, 446. Lead ointment, 448. Mixture tartrate potas- sium, 4*77. Mixture bitartrate potassium, 456. Ointment figwort, 528. Electuary senna and sulphur, 532. Ointment tin, 553. Ointment stra- monium, 556. Sulphur electuary, 562. Fomentation sulphate zinc, 591. Tannin, 100. Hepatitis. Mixture nitric acid, 97. Bath nitromuriatic acid, 98. Com- pound mercurial pill, 328. Chlorate potassium, 461. Dandelion, 569. Hernia. Clyster belladonna, 172. Infusion tobacco, 567. Herpes. Carbolic acid, 90. Chlorine liniment, 223. Arseniate iron, 280. Ointment carburet iron, 283. Decoction soot, 301. Ointment black helle- bore, 322. Liniment acetate mercury, 331. Compound calomel pill, 336. Calomel ointment, 337. Ointment red oxide mercury and lead, 343. Oint- ment sulphate mercur}^ 344. Red sulphuret mercur}^, 345. Ointment red sulphuret mercury, 345. Lotion sulphuret potassium, 475. Hiccough. Ammoniated alcohol, 124. Assafetida, 153. Carminative mix- ture, 394. HoopiNG-cougH. Anisated ammonia, 124. Bromide ammonium, 125. Suc- cinated ammonia, 129. Extract anemone, 136. Kermes mineral, 141. Antimonial wine and bittersweet, 175. Assafetida pills and mixture, 154. Assafetida and tolu, 155. Assafetida plaster, 156. Belladonna, 170. Fumigating powder, 173. Emulsion cantharides, 197. Tincture bark and cantharides, 201. Chestnut leaves, 210. Syrup Peruvian bark, 232. Cochineal and carbonate potass., 236. Sj^rup codeia, 237. Confection ipecacuanha, 356. Mixture ipecacuanha, 357. Compound syrup ipecacu- anha, 357. Alkaline wine ipecacuanha, 358. Syrup sulphuret magnesium, 384. Myrrh and zinc, 405. Lettsom's elixir, 428. Mixture carbonate potassium, 460. Compound syrup squill, 524. Carbonate sodium and ipecacuanha, 544. Tincture artificial musk, 560. Liniment oil of amber, 561. Compound powder tobacco, 566. Mixture balsam tolu and copaiba, 167. Sulphate zinc, 590. Mixture sulphate zinc, 592. Oxide of zinc, 589. Ammoniated alcohol, 124. Syrup of codeia, 237. Hemlock plaster, 245. Copaiba mixture, 248. Pills of henbane, 347. Mixture of henbane and antimony, 347. Powder ipecacuanha and carbonate of sodium, 355. Powder of musk, 402. Musk mixture, 403. Hydrophobia. Extract hemp, 196. Tonquin powder, 402. Hydrocephalus. Powder foxglove, 264. Calomel and foxglove, 334. Ointment iodide potass, and mercury, 467. Hydrothorax. Tincture colchicum and foxglove, 241. Colchicum and elaterium, 241. Mixture colocynth, 243. Pills foxglove, 265. Mixture elaterium, 270. Gamboge mixture, 306. Extract lettuce, 368. Mixture tobacco, 567. Hypochondria. Acetic ether, 105. Aloes, 110. Assafetida, 153. Mixture lettuce and dandelion, 368. HYPOPION. Pills seneka, 529. Hysteria. Mixture acetic ether, 105. "Whytt's pills, 110. Carbonate am- monium, 126. Succinate ammonium, 129. Valerianate ammonium, 131, 597. Mixture chamomile, 139. Infusion southernwood, 151. Assafetida and iron, 154. Assafetida mixture, 154. Alkaline tincture assafetida, ILEUS. — LEPRA. 717 155. Tincture assafelida and soot, 156. Assafetida and castor, 156. Belladonna and camphor, 171. Monobromated camphor, 195. Bolus cas- tor, 211. Castor pills, 211. Skunk cabbage, 268. Soot pills, 301. Com- pound galbanum pills, 303. Mixture lactucarium, 368. Anti-hysteric water, 393. Musk, 402. Pills opium and musk, 420. Calabar bean, 437. Mixture rue and squill, 502. Liniment oil of amber, 561. Sumbul, 565. Compound powder valerian, 577. Yanilla, 580. Valerianate zinc, 592. Ileus. Hemlock oil, 245. Impetigo. Lotion hydrocyanic acid, 94. Glycerin, 312. Compound pow- der sulphur, 562. Powder iodide sulphur, 565. Ointment oxide zinc and opium, 590. Iritis. Turpentine mixture, 572. Ischuria. Assafetida and opium, 154. Issues. Ointment of cantharides, 200. Elemi plaster, 271. Itch. Carbolic acid lotion, 91. Sulphuric acid ointment, 100. Lime water and sulphur, 186. Lime ointment, 186. Chlorine ointment, 223. Lotion corrosive sublimate, 333. Ointment red oxide mercury and sulphur, 343. Tincture sulphuret potass., 475. Compound lotion sulphuret potass., 476. Ointment carbonate potass., 461. Soap and sulphur, 516. Decoction stavesacre, 554. Compound powder sulphur, 562. Sulphur ointment, 563. Compound sulphur ointment, 564. Ointment white helleborre, 583. Sulphuret sodium, 549. Jaundice. Terebinthinated ether, 106. Barberry, 174. Compound wine centaury, 215. Acetate of potassium, 453. Senna and guaiacum, 531. ■ Joints, Affections of. Pipsissewa beer, 221. Compound decoction guaia- cum, 317. Pills guaiacum and antimony, 318. Ointment calomel and squill, 337. Oil laurel, 370. Kidneys, Affections of. Gallic acid mixture, 93. Emulsion manna, 387. Carbonate sodium, 544. Ointment turpentine, 572. Uva ursi, 576. Labor. Contrayerva mixture, 247. Ergot and its preparations, 273. De- coction cotton root, 315. Compound powder borax, 542. Laryngitis. Creasote pills, 252. Liniment croton oil, 417. Plaster cro- ton oil, 417. Leucorrhcea. Injection gallic acid, 93. Tannic acid, 100. Whytt's pills, 110. Alum, 116. Electuary catechu, 213. Peruvian bark and isinglass, 227. Wine Peruvian bark and iron, 232. Cubebs and ergot, 255. Compound powder ergot, 273. Infusion black purslane, 276. Compound pills carbonate iron, 281. Lozenges iodide iron, 289. Bath iodide iron, 291. Ointment iodide iron, 291. Black oxide iron, 294. Electuary black oxide iron, 294. Sulphate iron, 297. Syrup sulphate iron, 298. Solu- tion tartrate iron and potass., 287. Injection, 302. Tincture galls, 305. Avens, 311. Compound powder guaiacum, 304. Calomel and catechu, : / 336. Saturated tincture iodine, 351. Injection rhatanj^, 365. Injection subacetate lead, 446. Chlorate potassium, 462. Iodide potass., 466. Decoction oak bark, 481. Pills turpentine and guaiacum, 571. ;■ Lepra. Pills arsenic and opium, 89. Iodide arsenic, 150. Chloride arsenic, 150. Donovan's solution, 151. Barytic liniment, 169. Mudar, 189. Chlorine oil, 223. Mixture tincture colocynth, 244. Carburet iron, 283. Ethereal solution bibromide mercury, 332. Ointment naphthalin, 407. 718 LICHEE. — NEURALGIA. Lichen. Carburet iron, 253. Ointment glycerin, 312. Ointment calomel and camphor, 337. Ointment cyanide mercury, 338. Lips, Excoriation of. Spermaceti lip salve, 218. Liver, Affections of. Lotion hydrocyanic acid, 94. Muriatic acid pedi- luvium, 96. Terebinthinated ether, 106. Ointment tartar emetic, 144. Belladonna, 170. Blue pill and jalap, 328. Blue pill and quinia, 328. Compound mercurial pill, 328. Compound cathartic pills, 273. Calomel and jalap, 336. Tartrate of potassium and rhubarb, 477. Mixture tar- trate potassium, 477. Lumbago. Camphor ointment, 195. Spirit turpentine, mixture, 414. Lungs, Affections of. Syrup chamomile, 139. Tartar emetic, 142. Tar- tar emetic and opium, 143. Lotion tartar emetic, 144. Ointment tartar emetic, 144. Syrup antimonial wine, 145. Fig coffee, 299. Syrup aspa- ragus, 153. Compound tincture benzoin, 144. Hemlock and ipecacuanha, 244. Compound pills henbane, 347. Ipecacuanha and antimony, 355. Myrrh and ipecacuanha, 405. Naphthalin, 407. Tar water, 442. Solu- tion cyanide potass., 462. Decoction and syrup seneka, 529. Storax, 559. Balsam tolu, 165. Coltsfoot, 575. Mammae, Affections of. Ointment carbonate ammonium, 127. Fomenta- tion sal ammoniac, 127. Cataplasm sal ammoniac, 128. Lime water and oil, 186. Charcoal, 203. Ointment turpentine, 572. Ointment oxide zinc and lycopodium, 590. Mania. Compound pills columbo, 190. Pills foxglove, 265. Marasmus. Jelly orange leaves, 159. Measles. Infusion safflower, 207. Spermaceti mixture, 217. Menorrhagia. Pills gallic acid, 93. Pills tannic acid and opium, 100. Alum, 116. Compound bolus catechu, 213. Peruvian bark and isinglass, 227. Ergot, 272-3. Infusion black purslane, 276. Pills ammoniated iron, 280. Injection sulphate iron, 298. Aromatic alum whey, 119. Mercurial Disease. Mixture sulphuret potass., 476. Sulphur mixture, 563. Milk, To Increase Secretion of. < Compound powder fennel, 300. Milk, To Retard Secretion of. Bolus acetate potassium, 453. Pills acetate sodium, 539. Mouth, Affections of. Vinegar gargle, 86. Muriatic acid gargle, 96. ; Collutory nitric acid, 97. Alum, 116. Chlorine gargle, 188, 222. Col- lutory balsam Peru, 165. Collutory carbonate potassium, 459. Boracic acid wash, 90. Sal ammoniac, 127. Phosphate of calcium, 187. Decoc- tion of New Jersey tea, 215. Goldthread, 250. Creasote mixture, 252. Myrrh, 405. Mollities Ossium. Phosphate calcium, 187. Muscles, Rigidity of. Ointment iodine and oil tobacco, 353. Nat sea. Clove cataplasm, 209. Clove bag, 309. Pennyroyal, 321. Com- pound infusion mint, 394. Spice plaster, 594. Mixture carbonate potas- sium, 460. Nephritis. Compound decoction oatmeal, 163. Infusion carrot fruit, 207. Emulsion bicarbonate sodium, 540. Compound ointment of turpentine, ! 572. Compound powder of uva ursi, 576. NEURALGIA. Pills of arsenic and opium, 89. Aconitia, 104. Aconite plas- ter and lotion, 103. Valerianate ammonium, 131, 597. Plaster bella-' NERVOUS DISORDERS. — PARALYSIS. 719 donna, 173. Oil benzoin, 174. Emulsion cantharicles, 197. Chloral hydrate, 222. Bolus castor, 211. Liniment chloroform, 224. Codeia, 237. Tincture colchicum, 239. Colchicum and camphor, 241. Creasote pills, 252. Carbonate iron, 281. Gelsemium, 307. Mixture tincture guaiacum, 319. Calomel and opium, 337. Compound pills henbane, 347. Lotion cheny -laurel, 371. Sulphate morphia, 401. Turpentine mixture, 414. Opiated turpentine liniment, 415. Carbonate lead ointment, 447. Lotion chloride lead, 448. Lotion cyanide potassium, 463. Ointment cyanide potass., 463. Solution chlorate potassium, 461. Tannate of quinia, 488. Extract cevadilla, 503. Extract tobacco, 566. Ointment tobacco, 567. Veratria, 580. Valerianate zinc, 592. Nervous Disorders. Valerianate ammonium, 131, 597. Valerianate bis- muth, 17.6. Camphor and musk, 192. Camphor water and Hoffmann's anodyne, 192. Monobromated camphor, 195. Peruvian bark and valerian, 231. Pills ammoniated iron, 280. Infusion hops, 325. Compound pow- der henbane, 347. Musk, 402. Wild cherry bark, 478. Compound pills sulphate quinia, 486. Oxide zinc, 589. Cj^anide zinc, 587. Eerrocyanide zinc, 588. Chloride of zinc, 586. Valerianate zinc, 593. Nipples, Excoriated. Oil elaterium, 270. Glycerin, 312. Mammillary lotion, 164. Opium and lime water, 424. Borax, 542. | Nodes, Venereal. Mercurial plaster, 330 Nux Vomica, Poisoning by. Sulphuric ether and turpentine, 106. Nyctalopia. Calomel, antimony, and henbane, 334. (Edema. Fomentation arnica, 149. Onychia. Corrosive sublimate and zinc, 332. Red oxide mercury, 342. Ophthalmia. Alum coUyrium, 117. Alum curd, 117. Acetate ammonium, 124. Antimonial wine, 144. Nitrate silver, 146. Ointment nitrate silver, 147. Chloride gold, 160. Chloride barium, 168. Glycerite of bismuth, 176. Sulphate cadmium, 181. Camphor collyrium, 195. Solution of conia, 246. Verdigris and alum, 258. Verdigris ointment, 258. Colly- rium sulphate copper, 261. Mucilage quince-seeds, 262. Eyebright, 277. Ointment Prussian blue, 288. Ointments red and yellow oxide of mer- cury, 342, 343. Ointment red oxide of mercury and zinc, 343. Yellow root, 346. Wine opium, 426. Collyrium acetate lead, 445. Collyrium subacetate lead, 445. Ointment subacetate lead, 447. Collyrium binio- dide potass., 469. Compound lotion iodide potass., 469. Collyrium caustic -! potass., 452. Sulphate of quinia and sodium, 485. Ointment oxide zinc, 590. Ointment oxide of zinc and calomel, 590. Mixture ferrocyanide zinc, 588. Collyrium sulphate zinc, 591. i Ophthalmia, Gonorrheal. Mercurial lotion, 327. Opium, Poisoning by. Vinegar coffee, 237. I Orchitis. Mixture chloride barium, 168. IOtorrhcea. Sulphate of cadmium, 181. Oz^na. Angelica, 136. Chloride lime, 188. Mercurial gargle, 327. Com- ■ pound powder sulphate mercury, 344. Palpitation. Syrup asparagus, 153. Powder foxglove, 264. Wild cherry bark, 478. Pannus. Compound powder seneka, 529. Pills seneka, 529. Paralysis. Pyro-oleous carbonate ammon., 127. Infusion horseradish, 148. Extract arnica, 149. Assafetida, 153. Brucia, 178. Nitrate cam- phor, 195. Cantharides and Cayenne pepper, 197. Oil of euphorbium, 720 PEKIPKEUMONIA. — RHEUMATISM. 277. Ignatia, 350. Nux vomica, 408. Tincture mix vomica, 408. Pills opium and nitrate silver, 420. Phosphorated ether, 437. Lotion mustard, 538. Bath common salt and arnica, 546. Strychnia, 557. Iodate strych- nia, 558. Peripneumonia. Golden sulphuret antimony, 141. Powder foxglove, 264. Pills calomel and antimony, 336. Periostitis. Compound mercurial ointment, 329. Phimosis. Solution sulphate copper, 261. Phthisis. Mixture hydrocyanic acid, 93. Alum and benzoic acid, 117. Mixture chloride barium, 168. Belladonna, 170. Hypophosphites, 185. Iodide calcium, 185. Iceland moss, 218. Carrageen, 224. Electuary Peruvian bark and sulphur, 189. Creasote, 252. Pills sulphate copper, 260. Foxglove, 264. Compound pills of henbane, 347. Ipecacuanha and nitrate potassium, 355. Artificial goat's milk, 367. Locatelli's bal- sam, 165. Myrrh and Canada balsam, 405. Compound extract myrrh, 406. Griffith's mixture, 406. Acetic turpentine liniment, 415. Acetate lead, 444. Mixture iodide potassium, 406. Chlorate potassium, 461. Acetate of morphia, 398. Wine of tar, 442. Wild cherry bark, 478. Pleuritis. Infusion of pleurisy root, 152. Nitrate of camphor, 195. Mix- ture foxglove, 266. Cataplasm long pepper, 440. Pneumonia. Benzoic acid and ipecacuanha, 89. Mixture foxglove, 266. Gelsemium, 307. Powder ipecacuanha and chloride ammonium, 355. Pow- der ipecacuanha and antimony, 355. Sumbul, 566. Porrigo. Ointment nitric acid, 97. Sulphurous acid, 100. Lotion corrosive sublimate and copper, 332. Ointment calomel and acetate copper, 337. Ointment nitrate mercury and lead, 340. Ointment sulphate mercur}^ 344. Ointment oxide manganese, 386. Banyer's ointment, 449. Compound lotion sulphuret potass., 476. Powder iodide sulphur, 565. Prurigo. Fomentation opium, 424. Ointment carbonate sodium, 445. Powder iodide sulphur, 565. Pruritus. Lotion carbonate potassium, 460. Lotion borax, 543. Lotion carbonate sodium, 545. Lotion chlorate sodium, 545. Psoriasis. Arsenic and pepper pills, 89. Ointment nitric acid, 97. Oint- ment subnitrate bismuth, 176. Compound powder anthracokali, 205. Decoction soot, 301. Naphthalan ointment, 407. Ointment poke, 438. Tar ointment, 443. Compound lotion sulphuret potassium, 476. Lotion tobacco, 567. Ointment tobacco, 567. Psorophthalmia. Camphor ointment, 195. Ointment sulphate copper, 261. Ointment red oxide mercury, 342. Ointment red oxide mercury and cinnabar, 343. Ointment common salt, 546. Compound sulphur oint- ment, 564. Pyrosis. Alkaline wine aloes, 112. Oxide of silver, 148. Charcoal and quassia, 204. Compound pills kino, 364. Mixture carbonate potassium, 460. Raciiitts. Phosphate calcium, 187. Black oxide iron, 294. Phosphate magnesium, 382. Mixture cod-liver oil, 410. Acorn coffee, 481. Com- pound powder madder, 501. Rectum, Diseases of. Starch mucilage, 135. Chloroform ointment, 224. Suppository hemlock, 246. Injection copaiba, 248. Rheumatism. Aconite, 102. Aconitia, 104. Alctris, 107. Ammoniacnl liniment, 121. Phosphate ammonium, 129. Golden sulphuret antimony, 140. Tartar emetic and opium, 143. Plaster tartar emetic, 144. Anti- EINGWOKM. — SCROFULA. 721 monial powder, 140. Burdock, 369. Extract arnica, 149. Ointment chloride gold, 160. Sulphuret calcium, 187. Lotion of camphor, 194. Nitrate camphor, 195. Compound tincture cantharides, 198. Plaster castor, 212. Black snakeroot, 225. Colchicum, 238. Tincture colchicum flowers, 239. Creasote pills, 252. Compound decoction bittersweet, 269. Compound galbanum plaster, 304. Hedge hyssop, 316. Decoction guai- acum, 317. Oil guaiacum, 317. Compound powder guaiacum, 317. Guaiacum mixture, 318. Guaiacum and bittersweet, 318. Tincture guaiacum, 318. Plummer's pills, 336. Black sulphuret mercury, 344. Nervine balsam, 499. Magnesia and colchicum, 381. Tincture magnolia, 384. Oil of horsemint, 396. Turpentine mixture, 414. Cajeput liniment, 410. Opium and antimony, 419. Opium plaster, 422. Fomentation wine opium, 424. Opium liniment, 422. Plaster petroleum, 435. Phospho- rated oil, 436. Plaster black pepper, 440. Pitch plaster, 441. Plaster subacetate lead, 447. Solution chlorate potassium, 462. Plaster pellitory, 479. Tincture cevadilla, 503. Camphorated essence soap, 515. Zittman's m decoction, 517. Conserve broom, 528. Pills stramonium seed, 555. Lotion stramonium, 556. Bisulphide carbon, 564. Turpentine liniment, 571. Poison oak, 573. Veratria, 580. Wine white hellebore, 582. Green .i hellebore, 583. Hydrosulphuretted bath, 95. Liniment of croton oil, 417. Tincture of poke, 438. Prickley ash, 585. Ringworm. Ointment cocculus indicus, 236. Vinegar borax, 543. Salivation. Sulphuretted hydrogen, 94. Muriatic acid gargle, 96. Tan- jj nic acid, 100. Gargle sulphate copper, 261. Pills iodine, 351. Sulphuret potass, and cream of tartar, 475. Gargle borax, 543. Scarlatina. Carbolic acid mixture, 91. Mixture hyponitrous ether, 94. [|| Acetate ammonium, 124. Plaster tartar emetic, 144. Belladonna, 170. Cayenne pepper gargle, 202. Chlorine mixture, 223. Myrrh gargle, 406. Mixture tartrate potassium, 477. Mixture cream of tartar, 455. Sciatica. Liniment succinated ammonia, 130. Plaster sulphuret antimony, 142. Oil turpentine and honey, 413. Oil turpentine mixture, 414. Schirrhus. Bolus sal ammoniac, 127. Extract marigold, 189. Charcoal, 203. Hemlock, 244. Mercury and antimony, 326. Ointment mercury and belladonna, 330. Scrofula. Iodated albumen, 107. Bromine, 178. Iodide ammonium, 128. Compound wine of horseradish, 149. Chloride barium, 168. Iodide barium, 168. Baryta, 169. Compound cataplasm bryony, 179. Solution chloride calcium, 184. Chloride lime, 188. Animal charcoal, 203. An- thracokali, 205. Hemlock, 244. Hydriodic acid, 94. Mixture of sul- phuret of antimony, 142. Pipsissewa beer, 221. Carrageen, 224. Soot, 301. Burnt sponge, 553. Koechlin's drops, 259. Mixture bittersweet, 269. Compound powder metallic iron, 278. Ammoniated iron, 279. Bromide iron, 280. Compound pills carbonate iron, 282. Lozenges iodide iron, 289. Ammoniated tincture gentian, 310. Frost-weed, 321. Oint- ment mercury and belladonna, 330. Mercury and antimony, 326. Iodide mercury, 339. Ointment iodide mercury, 340. Biniodide mercury, 339. jj Black sulphuret mercury, 344. Iodine bath, 352. Mixture iodine, 352. Cod-liver oil, 410. Iodide lead, 448. Ointment iodide lead, 448. Solu- tion bromide potassium, 458. Ointment bromide potassium, 458. Oint- ment iodide potassium, 467. Mixture iodide potassium, 466. Bath sulphuret potassium, 476. Mixture sulphuret potassium, 476. Conserve acetate potassium, 453. Acorn coffee, 481. Hydriodate quinia, 483. Decoction madder, 501. Jauperand's decoction, 517. Compound infu- sion sassafras, 520. Compound ointment common salt, 546. Bath com- 46 722 SCURVY. — TAPEWORM. mon salt and gelatin, 546. Carbonate sodium and chamomile, 544. Sulphur electuary, 562. Scurvy. Wood sorrel, 85. Clauder's elixir, 112. Alumina, 115. Mixture and wine horseradish, 149. Brooklime, 169. Scurvy grass, 236. Collu- tory lemon juice, 3T3. Mixture buckbean, 395. Chlorate potassium, 461. Sea Sickness. Plaster carbonate ammonium, 127. Sleeplessness. Bromide calcium, 183. Camphor water and Hoffmann's anodyne, 192. Chloral hydrate, 222. Tincture hops, 325. Lupulin, 3*77. Mixture lactucarium, 369. Acetate morphia, 398. Preparations opium, 411. Syrup poppies, 432. Jamaica dogwood, 251. Snake Bites. Ammonia and ether, 122. Eau de luce, 122. Sore Throat, Yenereal. Mercurial lotion, 327. Spasmodic Diseases. Sulphuric acid and ether, 99. Fuller's pills, 110. Succinate ammonium, 129. Nitrate silver, 146. Electuary orange leaves, 158. Camphor, 191. Ethereal tincture camphor, 193. Extract of hemp, 196. Castor, 211. Chloroform, 223. Mayweed, 252. Pills foxglove, 265. Tincture galbanum, 303. Calomel, antimony, and henbane, 334. Anti-hysteric water, 393. Musk, 402. Dippel's animal oil, 409. Opium and its preparations, 417. Succinated tincture opium, 428. Clyster opium and valerian, 424. Cyanide potass., 462. Mixture nitrate potass., 472. Confection rue, 502. Extract stramonium, 555. Purified oil amber, 560. Artificial musk, 587. Eau de Luce, 561. Compound powder of tobacco, 566. Balsam amber, 561. Infusion linden, 573. Valerian, 577. Oxide zinc, 589. Cyanide zinc, 587. Spermatorrhoea. Compound powder cascarilla, 209. Nux vomica, 408. Mixture acetate lead, 445. Spina Yentosa. Bath sulphuret potass., 576. Spleen, Diseases of. Celandine, 219. Solution hydrargyro-iodide potass., 470. Tartrate of magnesium, 384. Sprains. Lotion sal-ammoniac, 127. Compound spirit of nutmeg, 405. Liniment opium, 422. Aromatic vinegar, 87. Stomach, Affections of. Oxide of silver, 148. Subnitrate of bismuth, 1 75. Cayenne pepper pills, 202. Chlorine mixture, 223. Tincture chloride iron, 284. Mixture tincture guaiacum, 319. Aromatic plaster, 524. Compound powder sulphate quinia, 486. Mixture sulphuret carbon, 564. Strangury. Mixture lycopodium, 378. Clyster laudanum, 424. Infusion parsley, 436. Mixture nitrate potassium, 472. Sweating, Profuse. Mixture nitric acid, 97. Agaric, 177. Acetate leac], 444. Mixture acetate lead, 445. Syphilis. Mixture nitric acid, 97. Iodide ammonium, 129. Sulphuretted sulphide ammonium, 130. Chloride silver, 146. Ctyanide silver, 146. Orpiment, 151. Preparations gold, 159-163. Compound powder anthra- cokali, 205. Hemlock and calomel, 244. Creasote lotion, 253. Anthra- cokali, 205. Bittersweet, 268. Liniment of laudanum and lime water, 422. Sarsaparilla, 516. Syrup of Lafi'ecteur, 519. Koechlin's drops, 259. Mercury and its preparations, 326-346. Opiated acetate mercury, 331. Iodoform, 354. Bichloride platinum, 443. Chloroplatinate sodium, 444. Mixture biniodide potass., 469. Compound tincture carbonate potassium, 460. Chloride quinia and mercury, 484. Zittman's decoction, 517. Acetate of strychnia, 558. Tapeworm. Chloride barium, 168. Kousso, 177. Male fern, 299. Powder of hedge hyssop, 317. Coin pound powder gamboge, 306. Decoction DISEASES OF. — ULCERS. 723 pomegranate root, 316. Anthelmintic emulsion, 414. Pumpkin seed, 434. Mixture petroleum, 435. Kamala, 500. Compound powder ceva- dilla, 503. Oxide tin, 553. Teeth, Diseases of. Electuary of alumina, 115. Alum and ether, 117. Vicat's mixture, 124. Chloride lime, 188. Cantharides plaster, 200. Tincture of Cayenne pepper, 203. Oil cloves, 208. Plaster castor, 212. Chlorine oil, 223. Hemlock collutory, 245. Solution creasote, 252. Compound oil guaiacum, 317. Mixture guaiacum, 318. Mastich paste, 389. Turpentine lotion, 413. Anti-odontalgic mass, 389-421. Balsam and drops for toothache, 422. Odontalgic drops, 421. Pellitory and preparations, 479. Willow bark, 507. Testicle, Engorged. Compound mercurial ointment, 329. Ointment iodide potassium, 467. Tetanus. Extract and mixture of hemp, 196. Chloral hydrate, 222. Hypo- dermic injection conia, 246. Calabar bean, 438. Mixture Dippel's animal oil, 409. Opium and cinnamon water, 426. Solution caustic potassa, 452. Throat, Affections of. Nitrate silver, 146. Cayenne pepper gargle, 202. Gargle Peruvian bark, 232. Liniment verdigris, 259. Gargle ammoniated copper, 260. Gargle figs, 299. Gargle galls, 305. Gargle pomegranate rind, 316. Chloride manganese, 385. Gargle nrfrrh, 406. Gargle nitrate potassium, 472. Gargle sulphate quinia, 483. Gargle sage, 509. Yinegar sage, 509. Yinegar elder flowers, 509. Opodeldoc, 514. Sulphate of zinc, 590. Yinegar gargle, 86. Alum gargle, 118. Cinnamon gargle, 235. Gargle of persimmon, 268. Gargle of cyanide of mercury, 338. Tinea Capitis. Lotion hydrocyanic acid, 94. Ammoniacal liniment, 121. Sulphuret antimony, 140. Ointment azedarach, 164. Liniment chloride lime, 189. Picrotoxin, 236. Compound soot ointment, 302. Ointment calomel and alum, 337. Ointment poke, 438. Ointment black pepper, 439. Tar ointment, 443. Ointment black pitch, 443. Ointment bromide potass., 458. Compound lotion sulphuret potass., 474. Ointment sul- phuret potass., 479. Compound ointment common salt, 546. Lotion sulphuret sodium, 550. Ointment carbonate sodium, 545. Compound l sulphur ointment, 564. Ointment sulphur and zinc, 564. Sulphuret carbon, 564. jTonsils, Inflamed, etc Gargle alum, 118. Glycerite iodide ammonium, 129. Gargle iodine, 353. Ointment iodine, 353. Iodide of zinc, 588. ^Tenesmus. Clyster, laudanum, 424. Pills rhubarb and ipecacuanha, 491. Trismus. Musk mixture, 403. jTumors and Swellings. Lotion of sulphuric ether, 106. Ammoniac plaster, 121. Ointment iodide ammonium, 129. Ointment chlorinated lime, 188. Plaster of ammoniac and mercury, 121. Gum plaster, 121. Ammoniacal liniment and tartar emetic, 144. Liniment of cantharides and camphor, 199. Hemlock plaster, 245. Hop cataplasm, 326. Cam- phorated mercurial ointment, 329. Compound mercurial liniment, 330. Pills of calomel and antimony, 336. Decoction of poppy heads, 432. Cataplasm of subacetate of lead, 446. Ointment of iodide potassium and morphia, 467. Opodeldoc, 514. Soap liniment, 514. Ointment of squill, ' 527. Stramonium ointment, 556. Ointment of iodide of zinc, 588. ■ Ulcers. Cataplasm, pyroligneous acid, 88. Nitric acid, 97. Sulphate aluminum, 115. Burnt alum, 116. Anglo-Saxon ointment, 119. Oint- ment oxide silver, 148. Ointment nitrate silver, 147. Balsam Peru, 1 65. Bromine lotion, 178. Chloride lime, 188. Ointment charcoal, 205. Char- coal cataplasm, 205. Chlorine liniment, 223. Peruvian bark and camphor, 724 ULCEUS, VENEREAL. — VOMITING*, TO CHECK. 227. Cerate and cataplasm Peruvian bark, 231. Hemlock infusion and ointment, 245. Verdigris lotion, 258. Metz's balsam, 258. Egyptian ointment, 258. A mmoniated copper, 259. Ointment ammoniated copper, 260. Ointment sulphate copper, 261. Ointment foxglove, 266. Yeast poultice, 217. Ointment soot, 302. Ointment galls, 306. Compound oil guaiacum, 317. Ointment red oxide mercury, 342. Lotion henbane, 348. Iodoform, 354. Plaster melilot, 392. Infusion cherry-laurel, 370. Cero- mel, 391. Mezereon ointment, 396. Ointment monesia, 397. Rob of mulberries, 397. Tincture balsam Peru, 165. Ointment balsam Peru, 165. Plaster balsam Peru, 165. Cod-liver oil, 410. Ointment bichloride platinum, 444. Lotion acetate lead, 446. Goulard's lotion, 445. Oint- ment subacetate lead, 447. Compound powder carbonate lead, 447. Oint- ment carbonate lead, 447. Solution iodide potass., 466. Ointment binio- dide potass., 469. Saviard's lotion, 452. Solution chlorate potassium, 461. Resin cerate, 489. Wine roses, 499. Ointment willow leaves, 508. Balsam sulphur, 563. Turpentine liniment, 571. Turpentine plaster, 572. Cataplasm slippery elm, 576. Lotion chloride zinc, 587. Plaster carbonate zinc, 586. Acetic acid cataplasm, 87. Pyroligneous acid cataplasm, 88. Sulphuric acid, 99. Ointment of cyanide of silver, 146. Calamine cerate, 182. Carrot cataplasm, 207. Copaiba, 247. Creasote lotion, 253. Oint- ment of elemi, 271. Oil of soot, 302. Lotion of corrosive sublimate, 333. Yellow wash, 342. Lotion of biniodide of mercury, 339. Cerate of red sulphuret of mercury, 345. Mixture of iodine, 352. Arquebusade water, 394. Tincture of opoponax, 429. Chlorinated soda, 539. Oint- ment tobacco, 567. Ulcers, Venereal. Mercurial cerate and liniment, 330. Lotion corrosive sublimate, 333. Yellow wash, 342. Ointment cyanide mercury, 338. Ointment red iodide mercuiy, 339. Black wash, 341. Compound tincture opoponax, 429. Ointment biniodide potass, and opium, 469. Urethritis. Injection kino, 264. Injection subacetate lead and lime water, 446. Pills nitrate potassium, 471. Chloride of zinc, 586. Detersive in- jection, 112. Ergot injection, 273. Opium and sulphate of zinc, 420. Urinary Organs, Affections of. Benzoate ammonium, 125. Pipsissewa, 220. Buchu, 179. Clyster laudanum, 424. Pareira brava, 433. Em- brocation petroleum, 435. Extract dandelion, 569. Turpentine pills, 571. Pills turpentine and magnesia, 571. Compound powder uva ursi, 576. Urine, Incontinence of. Chloride gold and sodium, 160. Compound pills nux vomica, 409. Powder iodide sulphur, 565. L t rine, Retention of. Sal ammoniac, 127. Uterus, Diseases of. ' Alum, 116-117. Animal charcoal, 263. Chlorine injection, 222. Syrup ergot, 272. Injection rhatany, 365. Ointment acetate morphia, 399. Mixture wine opium, 426. Belladonna ointment, 173. Uvula, Relaxation of. Gargle galls, 305. Gargle oak bark, 481. Gargle sage, 509. Vagina, Diseases of. Injection copaiba, 245. Lotion of morphia and borax, 402. Injection opium, 424. Suppository chloride zinc, 587. VERMIN, to Destroy. Ointment cocculus indicus, 236. Ointment fennel, 301. Ointment cevadilla, 503. Capuchin powder, 503. Vinegar stave- s.'ktc, 554. Ointment stavesacre, 554. Compound mercurial ointment, 329. Vertigo. Bolus castor, 211. Vomiting, to Check. Mixture catechu, 214. Compound pills columbo, 190. VOMITING, SPASMODIC. — WORMS. 725 Oxalate cerium, 216. Mixture col umbo, 190. Creasote mixture, 252. Clyster laudanum, 424. Aromatic plaster, 441. Anti-emetic mixture, 541. Carbonate potassium, 458. Vomiting, Spasmodic. Mercurial mixture, 329. Mixture ipecacuanha, 357. Compound pills of columbo, 190. Warts. Chromic acid, 92. Escharotic powder alum, 116. Ointment chloride antimony, 139. Verdigris ointment, 258. Verdigris plaster, 258. Corrosive sublimate and copper, 333. Savine and verdigris, 504. Savine ointment, 505. Weakness of Back. Lotion Peruvian bark, 232. Iron plaster, 283. Plaster red oxide iron, 294. White Swelling. Ointment nitrate silver, 146. Chloride calcium, 184. Worms. Tincture and wine wormwood, 83. Ointment aloes, 114. Sup- pository aloes, 114. Assafetida and iron, 154. Azedarach, 164. Worm- seed, 220. Cochineal and common salt, 236. Mixture copaiba, 248. Male fern, 299. Cabbage-tree bark, 311. Mercurial mucilage, 327. Calomel and gamboge, 335. Calomel and jalap, 334. Black sulphuret mercury, 344. Cowhage, 403. Dippel's animal oil, 409. Mixture olive oil, 412. Anthelmintic emulsion, 413. Castor oil and ether, 413. Emulsion opo- ponax, 429. Savine and pinkroot, 504. Anthelmintic emulsion, 553. Pinkroot, 551. Powder tin, 553. Sulphuret tin, 554. Tansy, 568. Tur- pentine and jalap, 571. Tincture and wine of wormwood, 83. Powder of sulphate of iron, 297. Decoction of pomegranate, 316. Calomel and pinkroot, 335. Vermifuge sugar, 505. Santonica, 511. Santonin, 512. INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES ABIES canadensis, 442 excelsa, 441 picea, 441 Absinthium, 83 Acacia, 84 arabica, 84 catechu, 212 Senegal, 84 vera, 84 Acetosella, 85 Acetum, 85 Achillea, 86 millefolium, 86 Acidum aceticum, 86 empyreumaticum, 88 arseniosum, 88 benzoicum, 89 boracicum, 89 carbolicum, 90 impurum, 91 carbonicum, 92 chromicum, 92 citricum, 92 gallicum, 92 hydrocyanicum, 93 hydriodicum, 94 hydrosulphuricum, 94 lacticum, 95 muriaticum, 96 nitricum, 97 nitro-muriaticum, 97 oxalicum, 98 phosphoricum, 98 succinicum, 99 sulphuricum, 99 sulphurosum, 100 tannicum, 100 tartaricum, 101 yalerianicum, 102 Aconitia, 104 Aconitum, 102 napellus, 102 Acorus calamus, 182 Adiantum, 104 capillus veneris, 104 pedatum, 104 iEgle marmelos, 170 iEsculus hippocastanum, 323 ^Sther aceticus, 104 hydrocyanicus, 105 nitrosus, 552 muriaticus, 92 sulphuricus, 105 terebinthinatus, 106 Agathotes chirayta, 221 Albuminum, 107 Aletris, 107 farinosa, 107 Allium, 107 sativum, 107 Aloe, 108 socotrina, 108 spicata, 108 vulgaris, 108 Althaja, 114 officinalis, 114 Alumina, 115 Aluminii acetas, 115 sulphas, 115 Alumen, 116 Ammonia, 121 Ammoniacum, 119 Ammonii acetas, 124 arsenias, 125 benzoas, 125 bicarbonas, 125 bromidum, 125 carbonas, 126 chloridum, 127 citras, 128 iodidum, 128 hypophosphis, 185 nitras, 129 phosphas, 129 succinas, 129 sulphas, 130 sulphuretum, 130 valerianas, 131 Amygdala, 131 amara, 131 dulcis, 131 Amygdalus communis, 131 Amylum, 135 Amyli iodidum, 135 Anacyclus officinarum, 479 pyrethrum, 479 Anamirta cocculus, 236 Anemone, 135 Ludoviciana, 135 pratensis, 135 Pulsatilla, 135 Anethum, 136 graveolens, 136 Angelica, 136 atropurpurea, 136 officinalis, 136 Angustura, 137 Anisum, 137 stellatum, 138 Anthemis, 138 Anthemis nobilis, 138 cotula, 252 Anthracokali, 205 Antimonialis pulvis, 140 Antimonium, 139 Antimonii chloridum, 140 et potassii tartras, 142 oxidum, 140 sulphas, 142 sulphuretum, 140 Apis mellifica, 216, 391 Apocynum, 145 androsaemifolium, 145 cannabinum, 145 Aralia nudicaulis, 145 spinosa, 146 Arctium lappa, 369 Arctostaphylos uva ursi, 576 Argentum, 146 Argenti chloridum, 146 cyanidum, 146 iodidum, 146 oxidum, 148 nitras, 146 Aristolochia hirsuta, 535 reticulata, 535 serpentaria, 535 Armoracia, 148 Arnica, 149 montana, 149 nudicaule, 149 Arsenicum, 150 Arsenici chloridum, 150 et hydrargyri iodidum, 151 iodidum, 150 tersulphuretum, 151 Artanthe elongata, 390 Artemisia, 151 absinthium, 83 abrotanum, 151 cina, 510 vulgaris, 152 Arum, 152 triphyllum, 152 Asagraea officinalis, 503 Asarum, 152 canadense, 152 europaeum, 152 Asclepias, 152 cornuti, 153 incarnata, 153 syriaca, 153 tuberosa, 152 Asparagus, 153 officinalis, 153 ( 121 ) 728 INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL Aspidium filix mas, 299 A?safetida, 153 Astragalus verus, 574 Atropa belladonna, 170 Atropia, 156 Aurantium, 157 Aurantii cortex, 157 flores, 158 folia, 157 fructus, 159 Auri chloridum, 160 cyanidura, 161 et sodii chloridum, 160 iodidum, 162 oxidum, 162 Aurum, 159 ammoniatum, 162 musivum, 554 stanno-paratum, 163 A vena sativa, 163 Azedarach, 164 BALLOTA lanata, 164 Balsamodendron Ehrenber- gianum, 405 myrrba, 405 Balsamum Peruvianum, 164 | tolutanum, 165 Baptisia tinctoria, 167 Barii acetas, 167 carbonas, 167 • cbloridum, 168 iodidum, 168 sulpburetum, 169 Barium, 167 Barosma betulina, 179 crenata, 179 crenulata, 179 serratifolia, 179 Baryta, 169 Beberia, 169 Beccabunga, 169 Bela, 170 Belladonna, 170 Benzoinum, 173 Berberis, 174 vulgaris, 174 Bismuthi et ammonii citras, 175 cubcarbonas, 175 subnitras, 175 tannas, 176 valerianas, 176 Bismuthum, 175 Bistorta, 177 Boletus laricis, 177 Brayera anthelmintica, 177 Brominiilm, 178 Bfuoia, 178 Bruciaa acetas, 178 murias, 178 sulphas, 178 Bryonia, 179 alba, 199 dioica, 179 Btichu, 179 Buxus, 180 sempervirens, 180 CACAO, 180 Ci.dmii iodidum, 181 sulphas, 181 Cadmium, 181 Cahinca, 182 Calamina, 182 Calamus, 182 Calcii bromidum, 183 carbonas, 183 chloridum, 184 hypophosphis, 185 iodidum, 185 oxidum, 185 phosphas, 187 sulphuretum, 187 Calcium, 183 Calendula, 189 officinalis, 189 Calotropis, 189 gigantea, 189 Caluinba, 190 Calx, 185 chlorinata, 188 Camphora, 191 monobromata, 195 officinarum, 191 Canella, 196 alba, 196 Cannabis, 196 Americana, 196 indica, 196 sativa, 196 Cantharis, 197 vesicatoria, 197 Capsicum, 202 annuum, 202 fastigiatum, 202 Carbo animalis, 203 ligni, 204 mineralis, 205 Carbonis iodidum, 206 sulphuretum, 564 Cardamine, 206 pratensis, 206 Cardamomum, 206 Carota, 206 Carthamus, 207 tinctorius, 207 Curum, 207 carui, 207 Caryophyllus, 208 aromaticus, 208 Cascarilla, 209 Cassia acutifolia, 531 elongata, 531 fistula, 210 marilandica, 210 obovata, 531 Castanea, 210 pumila, 211 vesca, 210 Castor fiber, 211 Castoreum, 211 Catalpa, 212 cordifolia, 212 Cataria, 212 Catechu, 212 pallidum, 212 Ceanothus, 214 americanus, 214 Centaurea benedicta, 215 Centaurium, 21 5 Cephaelis ipecacuanha, 354 Cera, 216 alba, 216 flaya, 216 Cerasus lauro-cerasus, 370 Cerasus serotinn., 478 Cerii oxalas, 216 Cerium, 216 Cetaceum, 217 Cetraria, 218 Chavica officinarum, 352 Chelidonium, 219; majus, 219 Chenopodium, 220 anthelminticum, 220 Chimaphila, 220 umbellata, 220 Chiococca anguifuga, 182 Chiretta, 221 Chloral, 222 Chlorinium, 222 Chloroformum, 223 Chondodendron tomentosum, 433 Chondrus, 223 crispus, 223 Chrysophyllum glycyphlseum, 397 Cichorium, 225 intybus, 225 Cimicifuga, 225 racemosa, 225 Cinchona, 226 calisaya, 226 condaminea, 226 micrantha, 226 succirubra, 226 Cinchonia, 233 Cinnamomum, 234 aromaticum, 234 zeylanicum, 234 Cissampelos pareira, 433 Citrullus colocynthis, 242 Citrus aurantium, 157 limonum, 372 vulgaris, 157 Claviceps purpurea, 272 Cocculus indicus, 236 palmatus, 190 chondodendron, 433 Coccus, 236 Cochlear ia, 236 armoracia, 148 officinalis, 236 Codeia, 237 Coffea, 237 arabica, 237 Coffeina, 238 Colchicum, 238 autumnale, 238 Collinsonia, 241 canadensis, 241 Collodium, 242, 315 Colocynthis, 242 Colophonium, 489 Comptonia, 244 Conium, 244 maculatum, 244 Contrayerva, 24b Convolvulus panduratus, 247 scammonia, 521 Copaiba, 247 Copaifera multijuga, 247 Coptis, 250 trifolia, 250 Coriandrum, 250 sativum, 250 Cornu, 251 Cornus, 251 AND BOTANICAL NAMES. 729 Cornus circinata, 251 florida, 251 sericea, 251 Cotula, 252 Creasotum, 252 Creta prasparata, 183 Crocus, 254 sativus, 254 Croton eleutheria, 209 lacciferum, 367 tiglium, 415 Cubeba, 254 Cucumis, 257 citrullus, 257 me!o, 257 sativus, 257 Cucurbita pepo, 434 Cuminum cyminum, 262 Cunila, 257 mariana, 257 Cupri acetas, 257 chloridum, 259 eubacetaspraeparatum, 258 sulphas, 260 Cuprum, 257 ammoniatum, 259 Curcuma, 262 longa, 262 Cusso, 177 Cydonium, 262 Cydonia vulgaris, 262 Cyminum, 262 Cypripedium, 262 parviflorum, 262 pubescens, 262 Cytisus scoparius, 528 DAPHNE gnidium, 395 mezereum, 395 Datura stramonium, 555 Daucus carota, 206 Delphinium, 263 consolida, 263 staphisagria, 263, 554 Delphinia, 263 Dextrinum, 263 Dianthus, 263 caryophyllus, 263 Digitalis, 264 purpurea, 264 Digitalinum, 267 Diosma, 179 Diospyros, 268 virginiana, 268 Diplolepis gallae tinctoriae, 304 Dirca, 268 palustris, 268 Dorema ammoniacum, 119 Dorstenia contrayerva, 246 Dracontium, 268 Drimys winteri, 584 Dulcamara, 268 ECBALIUM elaterium, 270 Elaterinum, 270 Elaterium, 270 Elemi, 271 Elettaria cardamomum, 206 Emetia, 271 Ergota, 272 Erigeron, 274 annuum, 274 Erigeron canadense, 274 heterophyllum, 274 philadelphicum, 274 Eryngium, 274 aquaticum, 274 maritimum, 274 Erythraea centaurium, 215 Eucalyptus globulus, 275 resinifera, 275 Eugenia pimenta, 438 Euonymus americanus, 275 atropurpureus, 275 Eupatorium, 275 perfoliatum, 275 teucrifolium, 275 Euphorbia, 276 corollata, 276 hypericifolia, 276 ipecacuanha, 276 lathyris, 276 resinifera, 276 Euphorbium, 276 Euphrasia, 277 officinalis, 277 Exogonium purga, 359 FEL bovinum, 277 Ferrum, 277 ammoniatum, 279 Ferri acetas, 279 arsenias, 280 bromidum, 280 carbonas, 281 carburetum, 283 chloridum, 283 citras, 285 et ammonii citras, 285 sulphas, 286 tartras, 286 et magnesii citras, 286 et potassii tartras, 286 et quinise citras, 287 et strychniae citras, 288 ferrocyanidum, 288 filum, 277 gallas, 288 iodidum, 289 lactas, 291 malas, 292 nitras, 292 oxalas, 293 oxidum hydratum, 293 nigrum, 294 rubrum, 294 persulphas, 295 phosphas, 295 pulvis, 278 pyrophosphas, 296 ramenta, 277 sulphas, 297 Sulphuretum, 298 tannas, 298 valerianas, 299 Ferula assafetida, 153 Ficus, 299 carica, 299 Filix mas, 299 Foeniculum, 300 dulce, 300 Frasera, 301 walteri, 301 Fraxinus ornus, 387 Fuligo, 301 Fuligokali, 302 GADUS morrhua, 410 Galbanum, 303 officinale, 303 Galipea officinalis, 137 Galium verum, 304 Galla, 304 Gambogia, 306 Garcinia morella, 306 Gaultheria, 307 procumbens, 307 Gelseminum sempervirens, 307 Gentiana, 308 lutea, 308 Geranium, 310 maculatum, 310 Geofiroya inermis, 311 Geum, 311 rivale, 311 urbanum, 311 virginianum, 311 Gillenia, 312 trifoliata, 312 stipulacea, 312 Glycerina, 312 Glycyrrhiza, 313 echinata, 313 glabra, 313 Gossypii radicis cortex, 315 Gossypium, 314 herbaceum, 314 Granatum, 316 Gratiola, 316 aurea, 316 officinalis, 316 Guarana, 434 Guaiacum, 317 officinale, 317 Gutta percha, 319 HEMATOXYLIN, 320 campechianum, 320 Hamamelis, 321 virginica, 321 Hedeoma, 321 pulegioides, 321 Helenium, 321 autumnale, 321 Helianthemum, 321 canadense, 321 Helleborus, 321 niger, 321 Hemidesmus, 322 indicus, 322 Hepatica, 323 triloba, 323 Heracleum, 323 lanatum, 323 Heuchera, 323 americana, 323 Hippocastanum, 323 Hordeum, 324 distichon, 324 vulgare, 324 Humulus, 325 lupulus, 325 Hydrargyri acetas, 331 boras, 331 bromidum, 331 chloridum corrosivum, 332 730 INDEX OF PHABMACEUTICAL ITydrargyri chloridum mite, 334 cyanidum, 337 et potassii iodidum, 470 et quiniaB chloridum, 337 iodidum rubrum, 338 viride, 339 nitras, 340 oleas, 341 oxidum flavum, 342 nigrum, 341 rubrum, 342 phosphas, 343 sulphas, 344 sulphuretum nigrum, 344 rubrum, 345 tartras, 345 Hydrargyrum, 326 ammoniatum, 331 Hydrastis canadensis, 346 Ilyoscyamus, 346 niger, 346 TCHTHYOCOLLA, 348 X Ignatia, 349 amara, 349 lllicium anisatum, 138 Indigo, 350 Indigofera, 350 Inula, 350 helenium, 350 Iodinium, 351 Iodoformum, 354 Ipecacuanha, 354 Ipomaea jalapa, 359 Iris florentina, 358 versicolor, 359 Isonandra gutta, 319 TALAPA, 359 ?J Janipha manihot, 568 Jateorrhiza calumba, 190 palmata, 190 Juglans cinerea, 361 Juniperus, 361 communis, 361 oxycedrus, 363 eabina, 504 virginiana, 363 KINO, 363 Kousso, 177 Krameria, 364 triandra, 364 LAC, 366 Lacca, 367 Lactuca, 368 canadensis (elongata), 368 Lactucarium, 368 Lnppa, 369 Lauri baccae, 370 folia, 370 Lnuro-cerasus, 370 Lauras, 870 nobilis, 370 laasafras, 520 Lavandula, 371 vorn, .'<7 I Leptnndra, 372 virginica, 372 Limon, 372 Linum, 375 usitatissimum, 375 Liquidambar, 376 orientale, 559 styraciflua, 376 Liquor arsenici et hydrargyri iodidi, 151 Liriodendron, 376 tulipifera, 376 Lithii carbonas, 376 citras, 376 Lobelia, 376 inflata, 376 Lupulina, 377 Lycopodium, 378 clavatum, 378 Lycopus virginicus, 379 MACIS, 379 Magnesia, 379 magnesii acetas, 380 bitartras, 384 carbonas, 380 citras, 382 phosphas, 382 sulphas, 383 sulphuretum, 384 tartras, 384 Magnesium, 379 Magnolia, 384 glauca, 384 Maltum, 384 Malva, 385 sylvestris, 385 Manganesii carbonas, 385 chloridum, 385 iodidum, 385 oxidum, 386 phosphas, 386 sulphas, 387 Manganesium, 385 Manna, 387 Mannitum, 388 Maranta, 388 arundinacea, 388 Marrubium, 388 vulgare, 388 Maruta cotula, 252 Mastiche, 389 Matico, 390 Matricaria, 390 chamomilla, 390 Mel, 391 Melaleuca cajuputi, 410 Melia azedarach, 164 Melilotus, 392 officinalis, 392 Melissa, 392 officinalis, 392 Mentha crispa, 394 piperita, 393 viridis, 394 Menyanthes, 395 trifoliata, 395 Mezereum, 395 Millefolium, 86 Momordica elaterium, 270 Monarda, 896 punctata, 396 Monesia, 397 Mora, 397 Morphia, 397 Morphiae acetas, 398 bimeconas, 399 citras, 399 hydriodas, 400 murias, 400 nitras, 401 phosphas, 401 sulphas, 401 tartras, 402 Morus nigra, 397 rubra, 397 Moschus, 402 moschiferus, 402 Mucuna, 403 pruriens, 403 Myrcia, 404 acris, 404 Myristica, 404 fragrans, 404 moschata, 404 Myrospermum toluiferum, 165 peruiferum, 164 Myroxylon Pereirae, 164 Myrrha, 405 NAPHTHALINA, 407 Narcotina, 407 Narcotinae murias, 408 Narthex, 153 Nectandra rodisei, 169 Nepeta cataria, 212 Nephrodium filix mas, 299 Nicotiana tabacum, 566 Nux vomica, 408 OLE A EUROPE A, 412 Oleum animale ernpyreu- maticum, 409 cajuputi, 410 jeoris aselli, 410 morrhuae, 410 olivae, 412 ricini, 412 terebinthinae, 413 tiglii, 415 Ophelia chirata, 221 Opium, 417 Opoponax, 429 chironium, 429 Opuntia cochinillifera, 236 Origanum, 429 majorana, 429 vulgare, 429 Ornus europaea, 387 Oryza, 430 sativa, 430 Ovum, 430 Oxalis acetosella, 85 PANAX, 431 quinquefolium, 431 ehinseng, 43 I Pancreatinum, 431 Papaver, 432 rhoeas, 496 somniferum, 417, 432 Pareira, 433 brava, 433 Paullinia, 434 sorbilis, 434 Pepo, 434 AND BOTANICAL NAMES. 731 Pepsinum, 434 Petroleum, 435 Petroselinum, 436 sativum, 436 Phloridzinum, 436 Phosphorus, 436 Physeter macrocephalus, 217 Physostigma, 437 venenosum, 437 Phytolacca, 438 decandra, 438 Picraena excelsa, 480 Pimenta, 438 Pimpinella anisum, 137 Pinus, 413 palustris, 441, 442 taeda, 441 Piper, 439 angustifolium, 390 cubeba, 254 longum, 440 nigrum, 439 Piperina, 440 Piscidia erythrina, 440 Pistacia lentiscus, 389 Pix burgundica, 441 canadensis, 442 liquida, 442 nigra, 443 Platini bichloridum, 443 et sodii chloridum, 444 Platinum, 443 Plumbi acetas, 444 carbon as, 447 chloridum, 448 iodidum, 448 nitras, 448 oxidum, 449 rubrum, 450 saccharas, 450 tannas, 450 Plumbum, 444 Podophyllum, 450 peltatum, 450 Polygala rubella, 451 senega, 529 Polygonum bistorta, 177 Potassa, 452 chlorinata, 453 Potassii acetas, 453 arsenitis liquor, 454 arsenias, 454 bicarbonas, 455 bichromas, 458 bisulphas, 455 bitartras, 455 boras, 457 borotartras, 457 bromidum, 458 carbonas, 458 chloras, 461 chloridum, 461 citras, 462 cyanidum, 462 et ammonii carbonas, 463 sulphas, 463 tartras, 464 et magnesii sulphas, 464 et sodii tartras, 464 hypophosphis, 185 iodas, 465 iodidum, 465 ioduretum, 468 iodohydrargyras, 470 Potassii nitras, 471 oxalas, 472 permanganas, 473 silicas, 473 sulphocyanidum, 474 sulphas, 473 sulphuretum, 474 tartras, 477 Potassium, 451 Potentilla tormentilla, 573 Prinos, 478 verticillatus, 478 Prunum, 478 Prunus domestica, 478 lauro-cerasus, 370 virginiana, 478 Pterocarpus marsupium, 363 santalinus, 510 Punica granatum, 316 Pyrethrum, 479 QUASSIA, 480 amara, 480 excelsa, 480 Quercus, 481 alba, 481 infectoria, 304 pedunculata, 481 sessiliflora, 481 tinctoria, 481 Quinia, 482 Quiniae acetas, 482 arsenias, 482 arsenis, 482 bisulphas, 483 citras, 483 et ferri citras, 287, 483 iodidum, 483 et hydrargyri chloridum, 484 ferrocyanas, 483 hydriodas, 483 iodureta, 483 kinas, 484 lactas, 484 murias, 484 nitras, 485 phosphas, 485 sulphas, 485 sulpho-tartras, 488 tannas, 488 tartras, 488 valerianas, 488 RANUNCULUS, 489 buibosus, 489 Resina, 489 Rhamnus, 490 catharticus, 490 Rheum, 490 officinale, 490 Rhoeas, 496 Rhus glabrum, 496 toxicodendron, 573 Ricinus communis, 412 Rosa canina, 497 centifolia, 497 gallioa, 498 Rosmarinus, 499 officinalis, 499 Rottlera, 500 tinctoria, 500 Rubia, 500 tinctorum, 500 Rubus canadensis, 501 idaaus, 502 villosus, 501 Rumex, 502 crispus, 502 Ruta, 502 graveolens, 502 SABADILLA, 503 Sabbatia, 503 angularis, 503 Sabina, 504 Saccharum, 505 lactis, 506 officinarum, 505 Sagapenum, 506 Sago, 507 Salicinum, 507 Salix, 507 alba, 507 Salvia, 508 officinalis, 508 Sambucus, 509 canadensis, 509 nigra, 509 Sanguinaria, 510 canadensis, 510 Santalum, 510 album, 511 Santonica, 510 Sapo, 512 durus, 512 mollis, 512 vulgaris, 512 Sarothamnus scoparius, 528 Sarsaparilla, 516 Sassafras, 520 officinale, 520 Scammonium, 521 Scilla, 522 maritima, 522 Scoparius, 528 Scrophularia nodosa, 528 Scutellaria, 528 integrifolia, 528 lateriflora, 528 pilosa, 528 Semen contra, 510 Senega, 529 Senna, 531 Serpentaria, 535 Scsamum, 536 indieum, 536 oriental e, 536 Simaruba, 536 excelsa, 480 officinalis, 536 Sinapis, 537 alba, 537 nigra, 537 Smilax, 516 Soda, 538 chlorinata, 539 Sodii acetas, 539 arsenias, 540 bicarbonas, 540 bisulphas, 542 boras, 542 bromidum, 543 carbolas, 544 carbonas, 544 3:2 INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES Sodii chloras, 545 chloridum, 546 citras, 547 et potassii tartras, 464 hypophosphis, 185 hyposulphis, 547 iodidum, 547 nitras, 547 phosphas, 548 sulphas, 548 sulphidum, 549 sulphis, 549 sulphuretum, 549 tartras, 550 valerianas, 550 Sodium, 538 Solarium dulcamara, 268 Solidago, 540 odora, 540 virgaurea, 540 Spigelia, 551 marilandica, 551 Spiraea, 552 tomentosa, 552 Spiritus setheris nitrosis, 552 Spongia, 552 Stanni chloridum, 553 oxidum, 553 sulphuretum, 554 Stannum, 553 Staphisagria, 554 Statice, 554 caroliniana, 554 Stillingia, 554 sylvatica, 554 Stramonium, 555 Strychnia, 557 Strychniae acetas, 558 iodas, 558 murias, 558 nitras, 558 phosphas, 558 sulphas, 558 Strychnos ignatia, 349 nux vomica, 178, 408 Styrax, 559 benzoin, 173 Succinum, 560 Sulphur, 561 Sulphuris carburetum, 564 iodidum, 565 Sumbulus, 565 moschatus, 565 Symplocarpus foetidus, 268 TABACUM, 566 Tamarindus, 567 indica, 567 Tanacetum, 568 vulgare, 568 Tapioca, 568 Taraxacum, 569 dens leonis, 569 Terebinthina, 571 Testa praeparata, 183 Theobroma cacao, 180 Thus, 441 Tilia Europaea, 572 Tormentilla, 573 Toxicodendron, 573 Tragacantha, 574 Trifolium fibrinum, 395 Triosteum, 574 perfoliatum, 574 Triticum repens, 575 Tussilago, 575 farfara, 575 ULMUS CAMPESTRIS, 575 fulva, 576 Uncaria gambir, 212 Urginea scilla, 522 Uva ursi, 576 T7ALERIANA, 577 V officinalis, 577 Vanilla, 580 aromatica, 580 Veratria, 580 Veratriae murias, 582 nitras, 582 sulphas, 582 Veratrum album, 582 sabadilla, 503 viride, 583 Veronica anagallis, 16 beccabunga, 169 virginica, 372 Viola, 584 odorata, 584 pedata, 584 WINTERA, 584 XANTHORRHIZA, 585 apiifolia, 585 Xanthoxylum, 585 fraxineum, 585 ZINCI ACETAS, 585 carbonas, 586 chloridum, 586 cyanidum, 587 ferro-cyanidum, 588 iodidum, 588 lactas, 589 nitras, 589 oxidum, 589 sulphas, 590 sulpho-carbolas, 592 valerianas, 592 Zingiber, 593 officinale, 593 GENERAL INDEX Abbreviations in pharmaceuti cal formulae, 47 Acetate of aluminium, 115 ammonium, 124. barium, 167 brucia, 178 copper, 257 iron, 279 lead, 444 magnesium, 380 mercury, 331 morphia, 398 potassium, 453 quinia, 482 sodium, 539 strychnia, 558 zinc, 585 Acetic acid, 86, 687 cataplasm, 87 clyster, 87 diluted, 86 glacial, 86 mixture, 87 Acetic ether, 104 Acid, acetic, 86, 687 camphorated, 87 arsenious, 88, 687 benzoic, 89 boracic, 89, 688 carbolic, 90, 695 carbonic, 89, 688, 695 chromic, 92 citric, 92, 689 gallic, 92 hydriodic, 94 hydrocyanic, 93, 689 hydrosulphuric, 94 lactic, 95 muriatic, 96, 689 nitric, 97, 690 nitro-muriatic, 98 oxalic, 98, 690 phosphoric, 98 polygalic, 530 pyroligneous, 88 succinic, 99 sulphuric, 99, 691 sulphurous, 100 tannic, 100 tartaric^ 101, 691 valerianic, 102 Acidometer, 34 Acids, 69 Aconite, 102 extract, 102 Aconite, extract of root, 103 pills of, 103 liniment, root, 103 mixture, 104 ointment, 103 ammoniated, 104 and chloroform, 103 oleo-infusion, 103 plaster, 103 powder, compound, 102 saccharated powder, 506 tincture of leaves, 103 Fleming's tincture, 595 tincture of root, 103 wine, compound, 103 Aconitia, 104 lotion, 104 ointment, 104 Acorn coffee, 4S1 Acoustic balsam, 164, 595 Adhesive plaster, 489 Baynton's, 449 Administration of medicines, 63 Aerometers, 33 Affusion, 671 Agaric, white, 177 pills with opium, 177 powder, 177 with opium, 177 Air in convalescence, 81 Albumen, 107 desiccated, 107 water, 107 iodated, 107 Alcohol, 692 ammoniated, 124 aromatic, 123 mixture, 124 Vicat's anodyne, 124 anisated, ammoniated, 124 lotion, 124 mixture, 124 Algaroth, powder of, 139 Alkalies, poisoning by, 692 Alkaloids, 665, 704 Allspice, 438 bolus, 438 essence, 439 spirit, 439 tincture, 439 water, 439 Almonds, 131 bandoline, 135 bitter, 131 Almonds, butter, 131 clyster, emollient, 133 cold cream, 133 confection, 1,32 cream, 133 emulsion, 133 aromatic, 133 nitrated, 133 jelly, 608 linctus, green, 133 white, 133 liniment, cosmetic, 134 Lockstadt's pills, 134 lotion, compound, 132 Goulard's, 132 Macassar oil, 134 milk anodyne, 132 artificial, 132 of roses, 132 oil, 133 mixture, 134 of bitter, 134 paste, 131 powder, 131 compound, 132 soap, 513 sweet, 131 syrup of orgeat, 132 water of bitter, 133 concentrated, 134 diluted, 134 diuretic, 134 Aloes, 108 clyster, anthelmintic, 112 decoction, compound, 112 electuary, laxative, 111 elixir, Boerhaave's, 113 Clauder's, 112 Garus's, 114 Stoughton's, 113 enema, 112 extract, 111 with sulphuric acid, 111 injection, detersive, 112 mixture, 112 alkaline, 112 ointment, 114 pills, 108 Anderson's, 109 antichlorotic, 110 aperient, 111 and mastic, 109 and rhubarb, 111 Barthez's, 111 ( T33 ) 734 GENERAL INDEX Aloes pills, Bicker's, 110 Chapman's, 109 compound, 108 Duchesne's, 110 extract, 111 Frank's, 111 Fuller's, 110 Hooper's, 109 James's, 110 Lady Webster's, 109 Mitchell's, 109 Morrison's, 109 Peter's, 110 Pittschaft's, 111 StahTs aperient, 110 Speediman's, 110 splenetic, 110 . Whytt's, 110 with assafetida, L08 blue mass, 111 iron, 109 myrrh, 109 powder, 108 and canella, 108 compound, 108 emmenagogue, 108 purified, 108 spirit of Garus, 113 suppository, 111, 114 tincture, 113 compound, 113 and myrrh, 113 ethereal, 113 wine, 112 alkaline, 112 balsamic, 112 Alterative, Plummer's, 334 Alum, 116 saccharine, 116 boluses, 116 burnt, 116 collyrium, 117 curd, 117 draughts, 119 electuaries, 117 errhine, 116 gargles, 118 injections, 118 julep, 118 liniment, 118 lotions, 118 ointment, 119 Anglo-Saxon, 119 chilblains, 119 pile, 119 Rust's, 119 pills, 117 with benzoic acid, 117 powder, 116 root, 323 solution, 117 odontalgic, 117 whey, 118, 300 aromatic, 119, 306 Alumina, 115 astringent, Rust's, 115 electuary, 1 15 Aluminium, hydrate, 115 acetate, 1 15 sulphate, 1 15 wash, detergent, 116 Amber, 560 artificial rnu.sk, 560 emulsion, 560 Amber, artificial musk, tinc- ture, 560 balsam, 561 eau de luce, 561 liniment, 561 mixture of oil, 561 oil, 560 and copaiba, 561 rectified, 560 powder, fumigating, 560 tincture, 561 alkaline, 561 ethereal, 561 varnish, 606 American centaury, 503 extract, 504 infusion, 504 tincture, 504 Colombo, 301 infusion, 301 tincture, 301 hellebore, 583 extract, 583 fluid, 583 mixture, 584 ointment, 583 pills, 583 tincture, 583 wine, 583 hemp, 196 senna, 210 infusion, 210 Ammonia, 121, 692 gargle, 122 Gondret's ointment, 122 Granville's lotion, 122 injection, 122 liniment, 121 terebinthinate, 123 compound, 121 sulphuretted, 123 lotion, 122 mixture, 122 and ether, 122 and chloride copper, 259 opodeldoc, liquid, 123, 514 Steer's, 123, 514 plaster, 123 solution, 123 spirit, 123 aromatic, 123 fetid, 123 sinapism, 122 tincture, compound, 122 water, 121 Ammoniac, 119 mixture, 120 compound, 120 with assafcetida, 120 with castor, 120 with nitric acid, 120 pills, 119 compound, 120 De llaen's, 120 Klein's, 120 with rhubarb, 120 plaster, 121 with hemlock, 121 mercury, 121 purified, 119 Ammoniated alcohol, 121 anisated, 124 elixir, 124 lotion, 124 Ammoniated alcohol, anisated mixture, 124 aromatic, 123 mixture, 124 Vioat's, 124 gold, 162 pills, 162 iron, 279 bolus, 280 mixture, 280 pills, 280 powder, 280 Ammonio-citrate of bismuth, 175 of iron, 285 tartrate of iron, 286 solution, 287 Ammonium acetate, 124 cataplasm, 124 collyrium, 124 gargle, 125 mixture, 125 solution, 124 arseniate, 125 solution, 125 bicarbonate, 125 bromide, 125 carbonate, 126 aromatic, 126 draught, 126 drops, 126 liniment, 127 mixture, 126 and ginger, 126 ointment, 127 pills, 126 plaster, 127 potion, 126 pyro-oleous, 127 solution, 126 pyro-oleous, 127 chloride, 127 bolus, 127 cataplasm, 128 collutory, 128 collyrium, 128 draught, 128 emulsion, 128 fomentation, 127 liniment, 128 lotion, 127 mixture, 128 powder, 127 wash, 128 chloride, and silver, 146 pills of, 146 citrate, 128 solution, 128 hypophosphite, 185 iodide, 128 glycerite, 129 liniment, 129 ointment, 129 nitrate, 129 mixture, 129 phosphate, 129 effervescing draught, 129 solution, 129 succinate, 129, 130 liniment, 130 mixture, 130 solution, 129 spirit, 130 GENERAL INDEX. 735 Ammonium succinate, with ether, 130 sulphate, 130 sulphide, 130 liniment, 130 sulphuretted, 130 syrup, 130 Amorphous quinia, 482 Anatomical injections, 598 preservative, 598 arterial and venous, 599 Anderson's pills, 109 Anemone, 135 collyrium. 136 extract, 136 pills, 136 water, 136 Angelica, 136 conserve, 137 essence, 137 errhine mixture, 136 spirit, compound, of fruit, 136 of root, 136 tincture, 136 tree, 145 water, 136 Angustura, 137 electuary, 137 infusion, 137 mixture, 137 tincture, 137 Animal charcoal, 203 fats, 665 oil (Dippel' s), 409 Anise, 137 essence, 138 lozenges, 138 mixture, 138 oil, 138 spirit, 137 star, 138 tincture, 138 water, 138 Antacids, 70 Anthelmintic purgative, 335 Anthelmintics, 71 Anthracokali, 205 powder, 205 compound, 205 sulphuretted, 205 Antihilious pills, 243 Antidote, general, 687 to arsenic, 293 Anti-dysenteric opiate, 422 Antilithics, 70 Antimonial ethiops, 326 powder, 140 James's, 140 pills, with calomel, 140 wine, 144 Antimony, 139, 691 chloride, 139 ointment, 139 solution, 139 oxide, 140 oxysulphuret, 141 sulphurated, 140 Antimony, sulphuret, 140 golden, 141 powder, 142 Kermes mineral, 141 emulsion, 141 lozenges, 141 mixture, 141 Kermesine powder, 141 compound, 141 lozenges, 140 mixture, 142 with lime, 142 pills, 142 plaster, 142 ointment, 141 pills, 140 precipitated, 140 sulphate, 142 tartrate and potassium, 142 Anti-odontalgic mass, 421 paste, 389 Antispasmodics, 70 Apothecaries' measure, 26 value in French mea- sure, 29 value in imperial mea- sure, 27 weight, 20 Apple water, 609 Approximative measures, 27,28 Aqua fortis, 97, 690 Arnica, 149 decoction, 150 extract, 149 fomentation, 149 and rue, 150 infusion, 149 compound, 149 plaster, 150 powder, compound, 149 tincture, 150 Aromatic bath, 499 soap, 513 vinegar, 87, 499 Arrowroot, 388 beef tea, 388 milk, 388 pudding, 388 vanilla, 580 water, 388 Arseniate of ammonium, 125 iron, 280 potassium, 454 quinia, 482 sodium, 540 solution, 540 Arsenic, 88, 150, 687 antidote, 293 chloride, 150 solution, 150 iodide, 150 ointment, 150 pills, 150 solution with bromine, 595 with mercury, 151 draught, 151 tersulphuret, 151 white, 88 Arsenical solution, 88 Arsenical soap, 513 Arsenious acid, 88, 687 cerate, 88 ointment, 88 pills, 89 with opium, 89 pepper, 89 powder, 88 compound, 88 solution, 88 Arsenite of potassium solution, 454 of quinia, 482 Arteriotomy, 684 Artificial asses' milk, 611 milk, 132 musk, 560 sulphuretted water, 95, 549 Asarabacca, 152 powder, compound, 152 Asparagus, 153 decoction of roots, 153 extract of roots, 153 shoots, 153 mixture, 153 syrup of shoots, 153 Assafetida, 153 Dewees's carminative, 156 enema, 154 mixture, 154 compound, 155 withoxymel squill, 155 tolu, 155 pills, 154 with aloes, 108 iron, 154 lactucarium, 154 musk, 154 opium, 154 plaster, 156 purified, 153 spirit, 156 suppositories, 156 syrup, 155 tincture, 155 alkaline, 155 and castor, 156 ethereal, 155 and soot, 156 water, compound, 155 Asses' milk, artificial, 611 Atropia, 156 ointment, 157 solution, 157 of sulphate, 157 syrup, 157 tincture, 157 sulphate, 156 Avens, 311 mixture, 312 powder, compound, 312 water, 311 decoction, 311 white, 311 Avoirdupois weight, 17 Azedarach, 164 decoction, 164 ointment, 164 '36 GENERAL INDEX. B Bael, 170 fluid extract, 170 Balm, 392 infusion, 392 spirit, compound, 392 tea, 392 water, 392 antihysteric, 393 concentrated, 392 Balsam, acoustic, 164, 595 amber, 561 cloves, aromatic, 209 Goulard's, 445 Hoffmann's life, 165 Locatelli's, 165 Metz's, 258 nervine, 370, 404, 499 of nutmeg, 404 of Peru, 164 collutory, 165 liniment, 164 lotion mamillary, 164 mixture, 165 ointment, 165 compound, 165 pills, 164 plaster, 165 syrup, 165 tincture, 165 of tolu, 165 soap, camphorated acetic, 515 sulphur, 563 ethereal, 563 terebinthinated, 563 toothache, 421 Turlington's, 174 Bandoline, 135, 262, 413 Banyer's ointment, 449 Barberry, 174 infusion, 175 lemonade, 174 Bari^i 167 acetate, 167 solution, 167 carbonate, 167 chloride, 168 collyrium, 168 mixture, 168 pills, 168 powders, 168 solution, 168 iodide, 168 ointment, 169 powder, 168 sulphuret, 169 Barley, 324 decoction, 324 compound, 324 with nitrate of potass- ium, 325 meal, 324 sugar, 324 mixture, 611 Barlow's lotion, 476 Baryta, 169, 693 , liniment, 169 solution, 169 Basilicon oiutment, 489 Bateman's drops, 427 Bath, aromatic, 499 cold, 667 common salt and gelatin, 546 cool, 668 douche, 670 foot, 670 hip, 670 hot, 669 hydrosulphuretted, 95 hyposulphite sodium, 547 iodide of iron, 291 iodine, 352 ioduretted, 468 local, 670 medicated, 671 muriatic acid, 96 nitro-muriatic acid, 97 shower, 669 sulphuret of potassium, 476 sodium, 550 temperate, 668 tepid, 668 vapor, 670 warm, 668 air, 670 Baths, 667 Baume's hydrometer, 34 table of agreement with sp. gr., 38, 39 tincture, 350 Bay myrtle, 404 spirit, 404 Baynton's plaster, 449 Bay tree, 370 Bearberry, 576 Bebeerina, 169 pills of sulphate, 169 solution of sulphate, 169 Beconi's soap, 513 Beef essence, 608 tea, 608 arrowroot, 388 Beef-marrow soap, 513 Beer, ginger, 593, 610 molasses, 611 Peruvian, 232 pipsissewa, 221 sarsaparilla, 520 spruce, 611 tar, 442 yeast, 277 mixture, 277 poultice, 277 Beer's divine stone, 258 Belladonna, 170 cerate, 173 clyster, 172 extract, 171 alcoholic, 171 solution, 17 1 fluid extract, 172 fumigation, 171 infusion, 171 liniment, 172 mixture, 172 ointment, 173 Belladonna, oleo-infusion, 172 opiated, 171 pills, compound, 171 and camphor, 171 plaster, 173 powder, 170 and rhubarb, 170 saccharated, 506 suppositories, 172 syrup, 171 Gillet's, 171 tincture, 172 ethereal, 172 Blackett's, 595 Belloste's pills,. 329 Benne, 536 infusion, 536 oil, 536 Benzoic acid, 89 and copaiba mixture, 89 and ipecacuanha powder, 89 mixture, 89 Benzoin, 173 balsam, Turlington's, 174 emulsion, 174 lard, benzoinated, 173 lotion, 174 milk of roses, 174 oil, 174 pastilles, fumigating, 173 powder, 173 fumigating, 173 tincture, 174 compound, 174 wash, 174 Bestucheffe's tincture, 284 Bibromide of mercury, 332 Bicarbonate of ammonium, 125 of potassium, 455 of sodium, 540 Bichloride of platinum, 443 Bichromate of potassium, 458 Bimeconate of morphia, 899 Biniodide of potassium, 468 of quinia, 483 Biscuit jelly, 607 Bismuth, 175 ammonio-citrate, 175 subcarbonate, 175 pills, 175 subnitrate, 175 glycerite, 176 lotion, 176 ointment, 176 and tannin, 176 pills, 176 powder, compound, 175 troches, 176 tannate, 176 valerianate, 176 Bistort, 177 clyster, astringent, 177 extract, 177 infusion, 177 mixture, 177 Bisulphate of potassium, 455 sodium, 54J GE1STEEAL INDEX. 737 Bisulphite of sodium and mag- nesium, 542 Bitartrate of magnesium, 3S4 of potassium, 455 Bitter almonds, 131 polvgala, 451 Bittersweet, 268 decoction, 269 compound, 269 extract, 269 fluid, 269 pills, 269 infusion, 269 mixture, 269 and antimonial wine, 145 syrup, 269 Black alder, 478 decoction, 478 drop, 425 Guy's Hospital, 425 Houlton's, 425 Lancaster, 425 Porter's, 425 Rousseau's, 425 draught, 533 hellebore, 321 extract, 321 vino-alcoholic, 322 pills, 322 ointment, 322 pill?!, compound, 321, 322 tincture, 322 mixture, 322 wine, eempound, 322 ink, 603 oak, 481 oxide of iron, 294 manganese, 386 mercury, 341 pepper, 43§ cataplasm, 440 confection, 439 electuary, 439 oil, resinous, 439 volatile, 439 ointment, 439 oleoresin, 439 plaster, 440 Ward's paste, 439 pitch, 443 ointment, 443 pills, 443 plaster, 443- purslane, 276 infusion, 276 snakeroot, 225 decoction, 226 extract, 226 fluid, 226 tincture, 226 su-lphuret of mercury, 344 wash, 341 ^Blackberry, 501 decoction, 501 extract, fluid, 501 syrup, 501 Blackett's tincture belladonna, ir 595 31acking, 600 for grates, 600 31ancard's pills, 290 Blancmange isinglass, 611 47 Blancmange riee, 611 Blessed thistle, 215 infusion, 215 wine, 215 Blistering cloth, cantharides, 201 court plaster, 201 paper, 201 Blisters, 76 Blood-letting, 681 general, 682 topical, 684 Bloodroot, 510 infusion, 510 pills, 510 syrup, 510 tincture, 510 compound, 510 vinegar, 510 Blue gum tree, 275 flag, 359 ink, 604 pills, 328 and colocynth, 328 and jalap, 328 and quinia, 328 and rhubarb, 328 Boiled flower, 608 Bolus, 641 acetate of morphia, 398 potassium, 453 allspice, 438 alum, 116 ammoniated iron, 280 burnt sponge, 553 castor, 211 catechu, 213 chloride of gold, 160 cinchonia, 233 copaiba, 247 croton oil, 514 foxglove, 264 ipecacuanha, 355 iron, metallic, 278 male fern, 299 chloride ammonium, 127 musk, 402 narcotina, 407 oxide of manganese, 386 Peruvian bark, extract of, 228 pomegranate root, 316 sal ammoniac, 127 soap, 514 sulphate of morphia, 398 sulphuret of potassium, 475 tartar emetic, 143 valerian and iron, 577 sulphate of potassium, 577 Boneset, 275 decoction, 275 infusion, 275 compound, 275 Boot composition, 600 Boracic acid, 89, 688 collutory, 90 mixture, 90 Borate mercury, 331 potassium, 457 sodium, 542 Borax, 542 collutory, 542 Borax, collyrium, 543 gargle, 543 glycerite, 543 honey, 543 liniment, 543 lotion, 543 lozenges, 542 mixture, 543 ointment, 543 pills with aloes, 542 powder, compound, 542 vinegar, 543 wash, cosmetic, 543 Boullay's filter, 650 Bowman's root, 276 Box, 180 oil, 180 Boyle's fuming liquor, 130 Bran tea, 609 Brass, solder for, 605 Brayera, 177 Bread jelly, 607 British oil, 435 Bromide of ammonium, 125 calcium, 183 iron, 280 mercury, 331 potassium, 458 sodium, 543 Bromine, 178, 649 lotion, 178 ointment, 178 solution, 178 alcoholic, 178 Brooklime, 169 decoction, 170 syrup, 170 water, 169 Broom, 528 conserve, 528 decoction, 528 compound, 528 extract, 528 juice, 528 tincture, 528 Broth, mutton, 609 vegetable, 607 Brown mixture, 314 Brucia, 178 acetate, 178 muriate, 178 pills, 178 solution, 178 sulphate, 178 tincture, 178 Bryony, 179 cataplasm, 179 compound, 179 wine, 179 Buchu, 179 extract, 179 fluid, 179 infusion, 179 compound, 179 tincture, 179 Buckbean, 395 elixir, bitter, 395 extract, 395 infusion, 395 mixture, 395 diuretic, 395 pills, compound, 395 Buckler's croup mixture, 357 neuralgia liniment, 581 738 GENERAL INDEX Buckthorn, 490 extract, 490 syrup, 490 Bug poison, 600 Burdock, 369 decoction, 369 infusion, 369 Burgundy pitch, 441 pills, 441 plaster, 441 Burnt alum, 116 hartshorn, 251 sponge, 553 sugar, 505 Butter of almonds, 131 cacao, 181 mixture, 181 ointment, 181 Butternut, 361 extract, 361 Button snakeroot, 274 C Cabbage-tree bark, 311 Calcium, carbonate, 183 Calomel powder with anti- decoction, 311 dentifrice, 184 mony, 334 extract, 311 electuary, 184 and henbane, 334 mixture, 311 lozenges, 184 anthelmintic, 335 Cacao, 180 mixture, 184 with foxglove, 334 butter, 181 compound, 184 gamboge, 335 mixture, 181 powder, aromatic, 183 jalap, 334 ointment, 181 compound, 184 and rhubarb, chocolate, aromatic, 180 with opium, 334 cream, 181 184 nitrate of potass- salep, 181 precipitated, 183 ium, 335 simple, 180 prepared chalk, 183 opium, 335 vanilla, 180 oyster shell, 183 pink-root, 335 white, 181 chloride, 184 Calves'-feet jelly, 608 powders, compound, 180 cataplasm, 184 Camphor, 191 palamoud, 180 mixture, 185 and chloroform, 194 racahout, 180 pills, 185 ether, 194 wakaka, 180 solution, 184 Hoffmann's anodyne, Cachou aromatise, 214 hypophosphite, 185 192 Cadmium, 181 solution, 185 laudanum, 192 iodide, 181 syrup, 185 milk, 193 ointment, 181 iodide, 185 nitric acid, 192 sulphate, 181 pills, 185 clyster, 194 ointment, 182 lactophosphate, mixture, collyrium, 195 solution, 181 183 cough mixture, 195 Caffeina citrate, 238 syrup, 187 essence, Ward's, 194 pills, 238 phosphate, 187 emulsion, 193 syrup, 238 electuary, dentifrice, infusion, 193 hypodermic injection, 238 187 liniment, 194 Cahinca, 182 hartshorn, burnt, 187 and turpentine, 195 decoction, 182 powder, dentifrice, 187 vinegar, 194 extract, 182 syrup, 187 compound, 194 Cajeput oil, 410 sulphuret, 187 ethereal, 194 liniment, 410 liniment, 188 lotion, 194 mixture, 410 pills, compound, 188 mixture, 193 rectified, 410 Calomel, 334 and chloroform, 194 spirit, 410 collyrium, dry, 335 ether, 194 Cakes, soda, 611 electuary with, 337 myrrh, 193 Calabar bean, 437 pills, 335 Parrish's, 193 extract, 437 and acetate of lead, monobromated, 195 glycerite, 438 335 nitrate, 195 hypodermic injection, and antimony, 336 ointment, 195 438 catechu, 336 compound, 195 paper, 438 colocynth, 336 pills, 192 powder, 438 dandelion, 335 and lactucarium, 192 tincture, 438 guaiacum, 336 musk, 192 Calamine, 182 iron, 335 tartar emetic, 143 prepared, 182 jalap, 336 compound, 192 | cerate, 182 opium, 337 powder, 191 Calamus, 182 quinia, 335 compound, 192 extract, 183 squill, 335 spirit, 193 j fluid, 183 cathartic, compound, tincture, 193 ( electuary, 182 243 and saffron, 193 j infusion, 182 compound, 336 ethereal, 193 compound, 182 ointment, 337 mixture, 193 tincture, 182 with acetate of copper, water, 192 compound, 183 3;37 mixture, 194 Citlcium, IH.'i alum, 337 wine, 193 bromide, 183 camphor, 337 Camphorated acetic acid, 87 mixture, 183 squill, 337 soap, 513 pj Camphorated tooth-powder, 194 vinegar, 87 Canada fleabane, 274 extract, 274 fluid, 274 infusion, 274 oil, 274 mixture, 274 pitch, 442 Canella, 196 and aloes, powder, 196 tincture, 196 Canet's plaster, 294 Cantharides, 197, 694 cerate, 199 cloth, blistering, 201 court-plaster, blistering, 201 decoction, 199 emulsion, 197 extract, 199 cerate, 200 ethereal, 199 hairwash, 202 infusion, 197 acetic, 197 liniment, 199 aromatic, 201 and camphor, 199 soap, 199 stimulating, 201 liquid, blistering, 198 oleo-infusion, 199 ointment, 200 compound, 200 of extract, 200 issue, 201 paper, 201 pills with camphor, 197 capsicum, 197 iron, 197 plaster, 200 camphorated, 200 compound, 200 odontalgic, 200 perpetual, 200 pitch, 200 warming, 200 pomatum, 201 powder with camphor, 197 savine, 197 shampoo liquid, 202 sparadrap, 201 tincture, 198 camphorated, 198 compound, 198 ethereal, 198 camphorated, 199 with guaiacum, 198 vinegar, 198 Cantharidal collodion, 201 ether, 198 taffeta, 201 Capuchin powder, 503 Caramel, 505 Caraway, 207 embrocation, 208 essence, 208 infusion, 207 oil, 208 spirit, 207 water, 207 Carbolic acid, 90, 695 clay, 91 GENERAL INDEX, Carbolic acid ether, 90 gargle, 91 glycerite, 90 impure, 91 inhalations, 90 liniment, 91 lotion, 91 mixture, 91 mouthwash, 91 ointment, 91 powder disinfectant, 90 suppositories, 91 vinegar, 90 water, 90 Carbon, iodide, 206 ointment, 2^6 bisulphide of, 564 drops, 565 liniment, 565 mixture, 565 Carbonate of ammonium, 126 barium, 167 bismuth, 175 calcium, 183 iron, 281 lead, 447 lithium, 376 water, effervescent, 376 magnesium, 380 manganese, 385 potassium, 458 and ammonium, 463 sodium, 544 zinc, 586 Carbonic acid, 91, 688 water, 91 Carburet of iron, 283 sulphur, 564 Cardamom, 206 confection, 206 extract, ethereal, 206 powder, aromatic, 206 tincture, 206 compound, 206 Carminative, Dalby's, 381 Dewees's, 156, 381 drops, 379 Carrageen, 224 decoction, 224 jelly, 225 dry, 225 mixture, 225 powder, saccharated, 225 troches, 225 Carron oil, 186 Carrot, 206 cataplasm, 207 extract, 207 infusion of fruit, 207 ointment, 207 Cartier's hydrometer, 35 Cascarilla, 209 extract, 209 mixture, 209 infusion, 209 alkaline, 209 powder, compound, 209 tincture, 209 concentrated, 209 wine, compound, 210 Cassia, purging, 210 confection, 210 mixture, 210 pulp, 210 739 Castanello's powder, 607 Castile soap, 512 Castor oil, 412 bandoline, 413 clyster, 413 emulsion, 413 seeds, 413 mixture, 413 with ether, 413 oleaginous, 412 Castor, 211 bolus, 211 pills, 211 and succinic acid, 211 plaster, compound, 212 powder, compound, 211 saccharated, 506 spirit, compound, 212 tincture, 211 ammoniated, 211 compound, 212 ethereal, 211 Catalpa, 212 decoction, 212 Cataplasms, 674 acetate of lead, 446 acetate ammonium, 124 acetic acid, 87 anodyne, 346 black pepper, 440 bryony, 179 compound, 179 carrot-root, 207 cayenne pepper, 203 charcoal, 205 chloride of calcium, 184 chlorinated soda, 539 clove, 209 emollient, 375 flaxseed, 375 and bran, 375 garlic, 107 hemlock, 246 hops, 326 horseradish, 149 iodine, 353 lead, 446 long pepper, 440 mayweed, 252 mercurial, 330 mustard, 537 compound, 537 oak bark, 481 oatmeal, 163 Peruvian bark, 231 powder for, 163 pyroligneous acid, 88 sal ammoniac,. 128 slippery elm, 576 soap, 515 soot, 302 subacetate of lead, 446 tobacco, 567 vinegar, 86 yeast, 277 Catechu, 212 bolus, 213 compound, 213 collutory, 214 electuary, 213 infusion, 214 compound, 214 injection, 214 lozenges, 213 40 G-ENEEAL INDEX, Catechu mixture, anti- emetic, 214 mixture with logwood, 214 pale, 212 pastilles, aromatic, 214 pills with alum, 213 liquorice, 213 powder, compound, 213 tincture, 214 Cathartics, 71 Catnep, 212 infusion, 212 Caudle, 611 Caustic chloride of gold, 160 potassa, 452 Caustics, 77 Cayenne pepper, 202 cataplasm, 203 cerate, 203 extract, 203 gargle, 202 infusion, 202 lotion, 203 lozenges, 202 oleo-resin, 203 pills, 202 syrup, 202 tincture, 203 concentrated, 203 with cantharides, 203 vinegar, 203 Celandine, 219 extract, 219 mixture, 220 pills, 220 Celsius's thermometer, 46 Cements, 601 diamond, 349, 601 for china, 601 for the laboratory, 601 shell lac, 367 Centaury, 215 bitter species, 215 extract, 215 mixture, 215 pills, 215 Portland powder, 215 wine, compound, 215 American, 503 Centigrade thermometer, 46 Cerate, 677 acetate of lead, 445 arsenical, 88 carbonate of zinc, 586 cayenne pepper, 203 cherry -laurel, 371 croton oil, 417 eggs, 431 Goulard's, 445 Kirkland's, 590 lead, 449 mercurial, 330 compound, 3.30 opium, 423 oxide of zinc and lycopo- dium, 590 Peruvian bark, 231 phosphorated, 437 j. itch, 441 red cedar, 303 red sulphuret of mercury, 345 rosin, 489 compound, 489 Cerate, savine, 505 simple, 216 soap, 513 spermaceti, 217 subacetate of lead, 445 sulphur, 564 Cerium, 216 oxalate, 216 pills, 217 Ceromel, 391 Ceruse, 447 Cetrarin, 219 powder, 219 Cevadilla, 503 capuchin, 503 extract, 503 ointment, 503 ointment, 503 powder, compound, 503 tincture, 503 Chalk, 183 mixture, 184 prepared, 183 Chalybeate water, artificial, 282 Chamber utensils, 65 Chamomile, 138 extract, 138 pills, compound, 139 infusion, 138 mixture, 139 oleo- infusion, 139 syrup, 139 terebinthinated oil, 139 German, 390 Chapman's antidyspeptic pills, 109 aperient pills, 109 Charcoal, animal, 203 ointment, 204 powder, 204 purified, 203 troches, 204 cataplasm, 205 electuary, 205 lozenges, 205 mineral, 205 ointment, 205 powder dentifrice, 204 and quassia, 204 compound, 204 suppository, 205 tooth-paste, 205 wood, 205 Chelsea pensioner, 563 Cheltenham salts, 383 Chemical food, 296 Cherry-laurel, 370 cerate, 371 infusion, 370 ointment, 371 water, 370 lotion, 371 mixture, 371 Chestnut leaves, 210 decoction, 210 fluid extract, 210 Chicken j<-lly, 010 panada, 609 water, 608 Chinoidin, 482 Chinquapin, 211 Chiretta, 221 fluid extract, 221 infusion, 221 Chiretta tincture, 222 Chloral hydrate, 222 Chlorate of potassium, 461 sodium, 545 Chloride of ammonium, 127 antimony, 139 barium, 168 calcium, 184 copper and ammonium, 259 gold, 160 and sodium, 160 iron, 283 lead, 448 manganese, 385 potassium, 461 quinia and mercury, 337, 484 pills, 337, 484 silver, 146 J sodium, 546 tin, 553 zinc, 586 Chlorinated lime, 188 potassa, 453 soda, 539 Chlorine, 222, 680 clyster, 222 collutory, 222 gargle, 222 injection, 222 inhalation, 223 liniment, 223 mixture, 223 oil, 223 ointment, 223 water, 222 Chlorodyne, 596 Chloroform, 223 emulsion, 224 liniment, 224 ointment, 224 purified, 223 spirit, 224 tincture compound, 224 water, 224 Chloroplatinate of sodium, 444 injection of, 444 Chocolate, 610 aromatic, 180 cream, 181 Iceland moss, 219 milk, 610 paullinia, 434 , purgative, 522 salep, 181 vanilla, 180 white, 181 Chrome, 695 Chromic acid, 92 solution, 92 Cider mixture, 3G2 Cinchonia, 233 bolus, 233 kinate, 233 muriate, 233 nitrate, 233 phosphate, 233 picrate, 233 pills, 233 sulphate, 233 pills, 233 mixture, 233 syrup, 233 tannate, 233 GENERAL IKDEX. 741 Cinchonia, tartrate, 233 tincture, 233 wine, 233 Cinnabar, 345 Cinnamon, 234 electuary, compound, 234 essence, 235 gargle, 235 infusion, 234 lozenges, 234 oil, 235 plaster, spiced, 235, 594 powder, compound, 234 saccharated, 506 spirit, 235 compound, 235 syrup, 235 tincture, 234 compound, 235 ethereal, 235 gargle, 235 vinegar, compound, 234 water, 235 spirituous, 235 wine, 234 compound, 234 Citrate of ammonium, 128 solution, 128 caffeina, 238 iron, 285 and magnesium, 286 and quinia, 287 lithium, 376 magnesium, 382 morphia, 399 potassium, 462 quinia, 4S3 Citrated effervescing powders, 92 Citric acid, 92, 689 effervescing powder, 92 lozenges, 92 syrup, 92 Citrine ointment, 340 Clapp's pills, 336 Cleanliness in sick room, 61 Cloth, waxed, 216 Cloves, 208 bag, 209 balsam, aromatic, 209 cataplasm, 209 infusion, 208 mixture, odontalgic, 208 oil, 208 plaster, 208 saccharated powder, 506 spirit, 208 tincture, 208 water, 208 wine, 208 Clysters, 71 acetate of morphia, 399 acetic acid, 87 anthelmintic, of aloes, 112 assafetida, 154 belladonna, 172 bistort, 177 camphor, 194 castor oil, 413 chlorine, 222 colocynth, 243 common salt, 546 and arnica, 546 copaiba, 249 Clysters, cubebs, 256 dandelion, 571 egg, 430 emollient, oil of almonds, 133 malt, 385 ergot, 273 flaxseed oil, 376 iodine, 353 laudanum, 424 and valerian, 424 musk, 403 olive oil, 412 opium, 424 Peruvian bark, 231 rhatany, 365 soap, 515 southernwood, 151 stimulating, with nutmeg, 405 sulphate of magnesium, 3S3 quinia, 488 sodium, 549 tartar emetic, 144 tartarized soda, 465 turpentine, 571 oil, 414 wormwood, 83 Coating pills, 595, 643 Cocculus indicus, 236 ointment, 236 picrotoxin, 236 Cochineal, 236 powder, compound, 596 tincture, 236 compound, 597 with carbonate of potas- sium, 236 common salt, 236 Cocoa. See Cacao. Codeia, 237 and muriate of morphia, 237 syrup, 237 Cod-liver oil, 410 compound, 411 and ether, 411 liniment, 411 mixture, 410 ointment, 411 compound, 411 pills, 411 soap, 516 ioduretted, 516 syrup, 411 Coffee, 237 acorn, 481 decoction, 237 figs, 299 milk, 610 syrup, 237 vinegar, 237 Colchicum, 238 extract bulb, 238 acetic, 238 alcoholic, 238 fluid, 240 juice, flowers, 241 liniment, with camphor, 241 mixture, 241 with ammonia, 241 elaterium, 241 magnesia, 240 Colchicum mixture with squill, 241 sulphate magne- sium, 240 oxymel, 240 pills, 239 compound, 239 Lartigue's, 239 syrup, 240 tincture, flowers, 239 root, 239 seed, 239 ethereal, 239 and foxglove, 241 compound, 239 mixture, 240 vinegar, root, 239 seed, 240 mixture, 241 wine, compound, 240 opium, 240 root, 239 seed, 239 Cold bath, 667 cream, 133, 217 without spermaceti, 217 custard, 610 Collodion, 242, 315 carbolic, 242 flexible, 315 Collutory, balsam of Peru, 165 boracic acid, 90 borax, 552 carbonate of potassium, 459 catechu, 214 chlorinated lime, 188 chlorine, 222 creosote, 253 hemlock, 245 lemon juice, 373 mastich, aromatic, 389 myrrh, 406 nitric acid, 97 pyroligneous acid, 88 rhatany, 365 rose-water, 498 sal ammoniac, 128 soot, 302 Collyrium, acetate ammonium. 124 of lead, 445 of zinc, 585 alum, 117 anemone, 136 anodyne, 423 antimonial wine, 144 ioduretted potassium, 469 borax, 543 calomel, dry, 335 camphor, 195 carbonate of potassium, 459 caustic potassa, 452 chloride of ammonium, 128 barium, 168 gold, 160 corrosive sublimate, 334 iodide of zinc, 588 iodine, 352 nitrate of silver, 147 saffron, 254 sal ammoniac, 128 strychnia, 558 subacetate of lead, 445 742 GENERAL INDEX. Collyrium, sulphate of copper, 261 zinc, 591 and camphor, 591 wine of opium, 423 Colocynth, 242 clyster, 243 extract, 242 compound, 242 mixture, 243 pills, and henbane, 243 compound, 243 powder, 242 prepared, 242 tincture, 243 mixture, 244 Cologne water, 374 Colombo, 190 American, 301 decoction, compound, 191 extract, 191 fluid, 191 infusion, 190 and ginger, 190 rhubarb, 190 mixture, 190 and cascarilla, 191 salep, 191 pills, compound, 190 powder and iron, 190 magnesia, 190 tartrate of iron, 190 tincture, 191 concentrated, 191 Colored fires, 603 Colors for show-bottles, 601 Coltsfoot, 575 decoction, 575 compound, 575 syrup, 575 Common salt, 546 bath, with gelatin, 546 clyster, 546 with arnica, 546 fomentation, 546 mixture with lemon-juice, 546 ointment, 546 compound, 546 powder, compound, 546 with cochineal, 546 Condy's disinfecting fluid, 473 Confections, 646 Confection acorns, 481 almonds, 132 aromatic, 206 black pepper, 439 cassia, 216 copaiba, 248 dog rose, 497 ipecacuanha, 356 opium, 421 orange flowers, 159 peel, 157 roses, 498 rue, 502 Bcammony, 521 senna, 631 compound, 5-32 Conia, embrooal ion, 210 hypodermic injection, 246 Consei i • ■-, 646 Conserve of acetato of potas- sium, 463 Conserve of angelica, 137 broom, 528 violets, 584 Contrayerva, 246 decoction, 247 extract, 247 gargle, 247 mixture, 247 powder, compound, 246 tincture, 247 compound, 247 Cool bath, 668 Copahine-Mege, 249 Copaiba, 247 boluses, 247 clyster, 249 confection, 248 emulsion, 248 injection, 248 mixture, 248 resin, 249 oil, 249 paste, 250 pills, 247 and cubebs, 248 cubebs and turpentine, 248 tincture, 249 alkaline, 249 compound, 249 Copal varnish, 606 Copper, 257, 696 solder for, 605 acetate, 257 pills, 257 ammoniated, 259 gargle, 260 injection, 259 ointment, 260 pills, 259 compound, 260 powder, with bella- donna, 259 solution, 259 chloride, 259 and ammonium, 259 cupreous ether, 259 Koechlin's drops, 259 solution, with mer- cury, 259 subacetate, 258 balsam, Metz's, 258 liniment, 259 lotion, compound, 258 ointment, 258 Egyptian, 258 with alum, 258 plaster, 258 powder, with savine, 258 prepared, 258 wash, ophthalmic, 258 eulphate, 260 aluminated, 260 oollyrium, 261 electuary, 261 gargle, 261 lotion, 261 injection, 261 ointment, 261 pills, 260 and opium, 260 compound, 260 powder, 200 Copper, sulphate, powder, com- pound, 260 styptic, 261 Cordial, Godfrey's, 428 Warner's, 494 Coriander, 250 powder, compound, 250 tincture, 250 water, compound, 250 Corpse, preservation of, 598 Corrosive sublimate, 332 collyrium, 334 injection, 334 lotion, 333 Bateman's, 333 cosmetic, 333 White's, 333 with camphor, 333 copper, 333 mixture, 333 pills, 332 compound, 332 powder with copper, 332 zinc, 332 solution, 332 alcoholic, 332 tincture, antacrid, 333 wash, cosmetic, 334 yellow, 342 Cosme's arsenical powder, 88 Cotton, 314 bark of root, 315 fluid extract, 315 decoction of root, 315 Couchgrass, 575 extract, 575 liquid, 575 Court plaster, 348 Cowhage, 403 electuary, 403 ointment, 403 Coxe's hive syrup, 524, 530 Cranesbill, 310 decoction, 310 extract, 310 fluid, 311 syrup, aromatic, 310 Cream, almond, 133 chocolate, 181 cold, 133, 217 without spermaceti, 217 of tartar, 455 soluble, 457 Creasote, 252 collutory, 253 inhalation, 253 lotion, 253 mixture, 252, 253 ointment, 253 compound, 253 pills, 252 solution, alcoholic, 252 water, 253 Croton oil, 4 15 bolus, 115 cerate, 4 17 embrocation, 417 emulsion, 416 liniment, 417 lozenges, 416 mixture, 416 ointment, 417 GENERAL ISDBI, 743 Croton oil pills, 415 compound, 416 with blue mass, 416 quinia, 416 plaster, 417 soap, 416 solution, saponaceous, 417 tincture, 416 Crowfoot, 489 Cubebs, 254 clyster, 256 electuary, 255 fluid extract, 256 extract, emulsion, 256 alcoholic ethereal, 256 injection, 255 lozenges, 255 Cubebs lozenges, alcoholic ethe- real extract, 256 mixture, 256 oil and copaiba, 257 oil, 257 oleo-resin, 256 powder, 255 and alum, 255 ergot, 255 hemlock, 255 syrup, alco-ether, extract, 257 tincture, 256 ethereal, 256 Cubic nitre, 547 Cuckoo flower, 206 Cucumber, 257 ointment, 257 Culver's root, 372 Cumin, 262 plaster, 262 Cupping, 684 Curd, alum, 117 Cusso, 177 infusion, 177 Custard, cold, 610 rice, 610 Cyanide of gold, 161 mercury, 337 potassium, 462 silver, 146 zinc, 587 D Dalby's carminative, 381 Dandelion, 569 clyster, 571 decoction, 569 extract, 569 fluid, 569 and senna, 570 pills, 570 with blue mass, 570 infusion, 569 compound, 569 juice, 570 mixture, 570 De Lisle's thermometer, 46 Decoctions, 648 aloes, compound, 112 arnica, 150 asparagus roots, 153 azedarach, 164 barley, 324 compound, 324 bittersweet, 269 compound, 269 black alder, 478 snakeroot, 226 blackberry root, 501 boneset, 275 brooklime, 170 broom, 528 compound, 528 burdock, 369; cabbage-tree bark, 311 cahinca, 182 cantharides in turpentine, 199 carrageen, 224 catalpa, 212 chestnut leaves, 210 coffee, raw, 237 coltsfoot, 575 compound, 575 columbo, compound, 191 cititrayerva, 247 cotton-root, 315 cranesbill, 310 dandelion, 569 dock root, 502 dogwood, 251 elder bark, 509 Decoction, elecampane, 350 elm bark, 575 compound, 576 figs, 299 compound, 299 galls, 305 geranium, 310 guaiacum wood, compound, 317 hairy horebound, 164 hardhack, 164 horehound, compound, 388 horse balm, 242 horsechestnut bark, 324 compound, 324 Iceland moss, 218 Indian hemp, 145 sarsaparilla, 323 ipecacuanha, 356 Irish moss, 224 logwood, 320 madder, 501 common mallow, 385 marsh rosemary, 554 marshmallow, 114 matico, 390 mezereon, 395 compound, 396 New Jersey tea, 215 oak bark, 481 oatmeal, compound, 163 Pareira brava, 433 yellow Peruvian bark, 228 and cascarilla, 229 rhatany, 229 compound, 229 pipsissewa, 220 compound, 221 pomegranate rind, 316 root, 316 poppy heads, 432 prickly ash, 585 queen's root, 555 quince seed, 262 sarsaparilla, 516 compound, 516 Feltz's, 517 Jauperand's, 517 Decoction, sarsaparilla, Vi- nache's, 517 Zittmann's, 517 seneka, 529 soot, 301 stavesacre, 554 tormentil, 573 uva ursi, 576 water avens, 311 white hellebore, 532 wild indigo, 167 willow bark, 508 woods, 317 wormseed, 220 Delcroix-'s depilatory, 151 Delphinia, 263 ointment, 263 solution, 263 Demulcents, 73 Dentifrice, 602 bitartrate potassium, 455 burnt hartshorn, 251 charcoal, 204 chlorinated lime, 188 electuary, 184, 187 mastich, 389 orris root, 358 Peruvian bark, 227 phosphate of calcium, 187 rhatany, 364 sulphate of quinia, 488 tincture of myrrh and borax, 407 willow bark, 508 with carbonate of calcium, 187 Depilatories, 602 orpiment, 151 Desault's ophthalmic ointment, 343 Deshler's salve, 489 Dewberry, 501 Dewees's carminative, 156, 381 tincture of guaiacum, 319 Dextrin, 263 purified, 265 dry narcotic extracts, 263 Diachylon, 449 Diapalma plaster, 449 Diaphoretics, 73 744 GENERAL INDEX. Di-arsenite of quinia, 482 Dicas's hydrometer, 36 Dietetic preparations, 607 Diet-drink, Lisbon, 517 Diet in convalescence, 81 Digestif anime, 560 Digitalin, 267 injection hypodermic, 267 pills, 267 granules, 268 Digitalis, 264 Dill, 136 water, 136 Diluents, 74 Dinneford's fluid magnesia, 381 Dinner pills, 109 Dippel's animal oil, 409 liniment, 409 mixture, 409 tincture, 409 Disinfecting liquid of Ledoyen, 448 Displacement, 649 Distillation, 656, 660 Distilled oils, 659 waters, 656 Dittany, 257 Eau des Carmes, 393 de Dardel, 393 de Javelle, 453 de luce, 122, 561 medicinale de Husson, 239, 241, 317, 582 de Pagliari, 596 Effervescing draught, 455, 462 powders, 92, 102, 455, 540, 541 Egg, 430 cerate, 431 clyster, emollient, 430 restorative, 430 emulsion, 430 glyconin, 431 liniment, 431 mixture, 430 with brandy, 431 wine, 431 oil, 430 Elaometer, 38 Elaterin, 270 tincture, 270 Elaterium, 270 mixture, 270 oil, 270 pills. 270 Elder, 509 deooction of bark, 509 extract of berries, 509 mixture, 509 fomentation, 509 gargle, 509 ointment, 510 leave?, 509] vinegar, 509 water of flowers, 509 Elecampane, 850 decoction, 350 Dittany, infusion, 257 oil, 257 Diuretics, 74 Divine stone, 258, 260 Dock, 502 decoction, 502 Dog rose, 497 confection, 498 Dogsbane, 145 Dog's grass, 575 Dogwood, 251 decoction, 251 extract, fluid, 251 pills, 251 Jamaica, 440 round-leaved, 251 wine, 252 swamp, 251 Dolichos, 403 Donovan's solution, 151 Dose of medicine, 65 Douche, 670 Dover's powder, 354 eclectic, 429 Draughts, 655 alum, 119 E Elecampane, extract, 350 mixture, 350 oxymel, compound, 351 pills, compound, 350 Electuaries, 646 Electuary, alumina, 115 dentifrice, 184-187 laxative, 111 for teeth, 115 of alum, 117 angustura, 137 bitartrate of potas- sium, 456 black oxide of iron, 294 pepper, 439 burnt sponge, 553 calamus, 182 calomel, 337 catechu, 213 charcoal, 205 cinnamon, compound, 234 cowhage, 403 cubebs, 255 indigo, 350 jalap, 360 juniper,. 362 kino, 364 lenitive, 531 logwood, extract of, 320 male fern, 300 orange leaves, 158 peel, 157 Peruvian bark, 230 astringent, 230 with catechu, 230 iron, 230 tin, 230 pomegranate root, 316 rhatany, 305 Draughts, anodyne, 428 black, 533 carbonate ammonium, 126 effervescing, 455, 462 morphia, 398 muriatic acid, 96 sal ammoniac, 128 solution, iodide of arsenic and mercury, 151 sugar of milk, 506 sulphate of potassium, ef- fervescing, 455 Vienna, 533 Drops, 28, 666 Bateman's, 427 Battley's, 427 black, 425 earbonate ammonium, 127 carminative, 379 Koechlin's, 259 odontalgic, 421 sulphuret carbon, 565 table of, 29 toothache, 422 Dry lemonade, 92 Dupuytren's pills, 332 Electuary, rhubarb, 492 roses, 498 scurvy grass, 236 semen contra, 511 senna and cream of tartar, 532 figs, 532 rhubarb, 532 sulphur, 532 soap, 515 squill, 527 sulphate of copper, 261 sodium, 548 sulphur, 562, 563 compound, 562 sulphuret of potassium, 475 tamarinds, 568 tin, 553 turpentine, 571 valerian, 578 Virginia snakeroot, 535 Elemi, 271 cautery, 271 ointment, 271 plaster, 271 Elixir bismuth, citrate, 597 bitter, 395 Boerhaave's, 113 calisaya bark, 597 iron, 597 cinchona, compound, 597 and iron, 597 Clauder's, 112 French, 561 Garus's, 114, 254 gentian and iron, 309, 598 Haller's, 1)9 Hoffmann's visceral, 159 hops, 325 ipecacuanha, 358 GENERAL INDEX. 745 Elixir, iron, citrate, 597 pyrophosphate, 597 quinia and strychnia, 558, 598 Lettsom's, 428 life, 113 liquorice, 124 Mynsicht's, 99 opium, 41S orange-peel, 158 pectoral, 124 pepsin, 597 proprietatis, 113 red, 597 sacrum, 494 salutis, 532 scammony, 522 simple, 158, 597 Stoughton's, 113 sumbul, 566, 597 valerianate of ammonium, 131, 597 and quinia, 597 vitriol, 99 Wedell's, 525 Elm bark, 575 decoction, 575 compound, 576 infusion, compound, 576 slippery, 576 cataplasm, 576 mucilage, 576 Elutriation, 640 Embrocation, caraway, 208 conia, 246 croton oil, 417 petroleum, 435 Embrocations, 675 Emetic, tartar, 142 Emeties, 74 Emetina, 271 impure, 271 lozenges, 271 mixture, 271 pure, 271 syrup, 271 Emmenagogues, 75 Emollients, 73, 674 Emulsions, 655 almond, 133 aromatic, 133 anthelmintic, 413, 533 artificial musk, 560 bicarbonate sodium, 540 benzoin, cosmetic, 174 camphor, 193 cantharides, 197 carbonate of potassium, 459 castor-oil seed, 413 chloroform, 224 copaiba, 248 croton oil, 416 cubebs, ethereal extract, 256 egg, 430 hemp seed, 196 iodoform, 354 1 jalap, 360 kermes mineral, 141 lupulin, 378 manna, 387 nitrated, 133, 472 opoponax, 429 Emulsions, purgative, 383 sal ammoniac, 128 scammony, 522 compound, 522 seneka, 530 squill, 526 sulphate sodium, 549 tartar emetic, 143 tolu, 166 vermifuge, 414 Enemata, 71 Epispastics, 75 Epsom salts, 383 Ergot, 272 clyster, 273 extract, 273 fluid. 272 hydro-alcoholic, 273 infusion, 272 injection, 273 mixture, 273 extract, 273 oil, 273 pills, 273 compound, 273 extract, 273 powder, compound, 273 syrup, 272 tincture, 272 ethereal, 272 wine, 272 Ergotin, 273 mixture, 273 pills, 273 Errhine, alum, 116 euphorbium, 276 Errhines, 77 Escharotics, 77 Essences, 666 Essence of allspice, 439 angelica, 137 anise, 138 beef, 608 caraway, 208 cinnamon, 235 fennel, 301 ginger, 594 lavender, compound, 372 lemon, 372 nutmeg, 405 peppermint, 393 roses, 498 sarsaparilla, 518 compound, 518 soap, 515 camphorated, 515 spearmint, 394 vanilla, 580 Ward's, for headache, 194 Essential oils, 659 Ether, acetic, 104 mixture, 105 spirit, 105 cantharidal, 198 chlorated spirit, 105 chloric, 324 cupreous, 259 hydrocyanic, 105 hyponitrous, 552 muriatic, 105 mixture, 105 spirit, 105 nitrous, 552 sweet spirit, 552 Ether, nitrous, sweet spirit, mixture, 552 phosphorated, 437 sulphuric, 105 ethereal oil, 106 Hoffmann's anodyne, 106 lotion, 106 mixture with camphor, 106 turpentine, 106 spirit, 106 syrup, 106 terebinthinated, 106 Ethereal oil, 106 Ethiops mineral, 344 Eucalyptus, 275 extract, 275 infusion, 275 syrup, 275 tincture, 275 Euphorbium, 276 oil, 277 plaster, 277 sternutatory, 276 tincture, 277 Evacuations, utensils for, 65 Examination of excretions, 63 Exercise in convalescence, 81 Expectorants, 78 Extracts, 644 Extract of aconite, 102 aloes, 111 American centaury, 504 hellebore, 583 hemp, 196 anemone, 136 arnica, 149 asparagus roots, 153 shoots, 153 belladonna, 171 alcoholic, 171 bistort, 177 bittersweet, 269 black hellebore. 321 alcoholic, 322 black snakeroot, 226 broom, 528 buchu, 179 buckbean, 395 buckthorn, 490 butternut, 361 cabbage-tree bark, 311 cahinca, 182 Calabar bean, 537 calamus, 183 Canada fleabane, 274 cantharides, 199 ethereal, 199 cardamom, 206 carrot root, 207 cascarilla, 209 cayenne pepper, 203 celandine, 219 centaury, 215 cevadilla, 503 chamomile, 138 colchicum bulb, 238 acetic, 238 colocynth, 242 compound, 242 columbo, 191 contrayerva, 247 cubebs, 256 746 GENERAL INDEX. Extract of cubebs, alcoholic- Extract of lettuce, 368 Extract of pinkroot, com ethereal, 256 liquorice, 313 pound, 551 dandelion, 569 lobelia, acetic, 377 pipsissewa, 221 elder berries, 509 logwood, 370 poison oak, 573 elecampane, 350 lupulin, 378 pomegranate-root, 316 ergot, 273 malt, 384 poppy heads, 432 eucalyptus, 275 marigold, 189 quassia, 480 fever-root, 575 matico, 390 rhatany, 364 foxglove, 264 may apple, 451 rhubarb, 493 galls, 305 mezereon, 396 rue, 502 gentian, 308 myrrh, 406 sarsaparilla, 518 geranium, 310 nux vomica, 408 savine, 504 Goulard's, 445 aqueous, 408 seneka, 530 guaiacum wood, 317 oak bark, 481 eenna, alcoholic, 531 hardhack, 552 opium, acetous, 418 squill, 527 hemlock, 244 alcoholic, 418 acetic, 527 alcoholic, 244 aqueo-alcoholic, 418 stramonium leaves, 555 hemp, 196 aqueous, 418 seed, 555 purified, 196 by fermentation, 418 succory, 225 henbane, alcoholic, 346 denarcotized, 418 tansy, 568 aqueous, 346 roasted, 418 tobacco, 566 hops, 325 vinous, 418 tormentil, 573 horehound, 388 pareira brava, 433 uva ursi, 576 horse-chestnut, 324 paullinia, alcoholic, 434 valerian, 579 ignatia, 349 pellitory, 479 willow bark, 508 Indian hemp, 145 Peruvian bark, 228 wood sorrel, 85 ipecacuanha, 355 aqueous, 227 wormwood, 83 jalap, 359 precipitated, 228 yellow root, 585 alkaline, 360 vinous, 227 Eyebright, 277 juniper, 362 Fahrenheit's hydrometer, 33 thermometer, 46 False sarsaparilla, 145 Fats, 665 Felt splints, 605 Fennel, 300 essence, 301 infusion, 300 oil, 301 ointment, 301 powder, compound, 300 water, 300 Fern, male, 299 bolus, 299 electuary, 300 extract, ethereal, 300 pills, 300 jelly, 300 mixture, 300 oleo-resin, 300 pills, 300 powder, 299 Ferrocyanate of quinia, 483 Ferrocyanide of iron, 288 zinc, &87 Ferro-sulphuret of potassium, 475 Fever-root, 574 extract, 575 Fever tree, 275 Figs, 209 ooffee, 299 decoction, 299 compound, 299 gargle, 299 pa I-, 299 Figwort, 528 oiutment, 528 Figwort oleo-infusion, 528 Filter, Boullay's, 650 Fires, colored, 603 Fixed oils, 665 Flaxseed, 375 cataplasm, 375 with bran, 375 charcoal, 375 clyster of oil, 376' infusion, compound, 375 meal, cataplasm, 375 compound, 375 mixture, 375 mucilage, 375 Fleabane, 274 Canada, 274 extract, 274 fluid extract, 274 infusion, 274 oil, 274 mixture, 274 Fleming's tincture of aconite, 595 Flies, Spanish, 197 Florentine orris, 358 Flour, boiled, 608 Fluid extract of American hel- lebore, 583 belladonna, 172 bittersweet, 269 blackberry, 501 black snakeroot, 226 buchu, 179 calamus, 183 Canada erigeron, 274 chestnut leaves, 210 . chiretta, 221 colchicum root, 240 Fluid extract of colchicum seed, 240 cotton root, 315 couch grass, 575 crane's bill, 311 cubebs, 256 dandelion, 569 and senna, 570 digitalis, 265 dogwood, 251 ergot, 272 gentian, 308 ginger, 593 henbane, 346 hops, 325 hydrastis, 346 ipecacuanha, 356 ladies' slipper, 262 liquorice root, 314 lobelia, 377 lupulin, 378 matico, 390 mezereon, 395 opium, 418 pareira, 433 Peruvian bark, 229 pinkroot, 551 and senna, 552 compound, 552 rhubarb, 493 and senna, 493 sarsaparilla, 518 compound, 518 savine, 505 senega, 529 senna, 534 squill, 527 stillingia, 555 GENERAL INDEI, 747 Fluid extract of sumach, 496 sumbul, 566 uva ursi, 577 valerian, 579 vanilla, 580 Virginia snakeroot, 535 wild cherry, 479 yellow jasmine, 307 Flummery of oatmeal, 163 Fomentations, 673 Fomentation, arnica, 149 with rue, 150 aromatic, 499 carbonate of potassium, 459 common salt, 546 nitric acid, 97 opium, 424 phosphoric acid, 98 sal ammoniac, 127 sulphate of zinc, 591 Fomentation, wine of opium, 424 Foreign weights, 21 Fowl, with rice, 609 Fowler's solution, 454 mixture, 454 iodine and arsenic, 454, 595 Foxglove, 264 bolus, 264 extract, 264 alcoholic, 264 fluid, 265 infusion, 265 mixture, expectorant, 266 with acetate of lead, 266 with acetate of potas- sium, 265 with tartaric acid, 266 ointment, 266 pills, 265 and squill, 265 Foxglove plaster, 267 powder, 264 saceharated, 506 syrup, 267 tincture, 266 ethereal, 266 mixture, 266 vinegar, 266 wine, 266 Frankincense, 441 Frictions, 675 Frostweed, 321 Frumenty, 610 Fuligokali, 302 ointment, 302 sulphuretted, 302 pills, 302 Fumigations, 680 Fumigation with belladonna, 171 Furniture of sick room, 63 varnish, 606 G Galbanum, 303 Gargle, carbolic acid, 91 Gentian mixture, sulphuric mixture, 303 cayenne pepper, 202 acid, 310 pills, compound, 303 chlorate of sodium, 546 pills, compound, 308 plaster, 303 chlorinated soda, 539 powder, compound, 308 compound, 304 chlorine, 222 syrup, 309 saffron, 304 cinnamon, tincture, 235 tincture, 310 purified, 303 contrayerva, 247 acidulated, 310 tincture, 303 cyanide of mercury, 338 alkaline, 310 compound, 303 elder flowers, 509 ammoniacal, 310 Gall, ox, 277 figs, 299 compound, 310 Gallate of iron, 288 galls, 305 mixture, 310 Gallic acid, 92 iodine, 353 with sulphuric acid, 310 glycerite, 93 mercurial, 327 wine, 309 injection, 93 muriatic acid, 96 compound, 309 mixture, 93 mustard, 537 German chamomile, 390 pills, 93 myrrh, 406 infusion, 391 syrup, aromatic, 93 nitrate of potassium, 472 oleo-infusion, 391 Galls, 304 oak bark, 481 syrup, 390 decoction, 305 Peruvian bark, 232 water, 391 extract, 305 pomegranate rind, 316 German pills, 360 ointment, 305 sage, 509 Ginger, 593 gargle, 305 scurvy grass, 237 beer, 593, 610 infusion, 305 subacetate of lead, 445 powders, 541 compound, 305 sulphate of copper, 261 essence, 594 lotion, 305 quinia, 488 extract, fluid, 593 ointment, 306 zinc, 591 infusion, 593 compound, 305 tannic acid, 101 lozenges, 593 powder, compound, 304 tormentil, 573 oil, 594 syrup, aromatic, 305 vinegar, 86 oleo-resin, 594 tincture, 305 Garlic, 107 syrup, 594 Gambir, 212 cataplasm, 107 spice plaster, 594 Gamboge, 306 liniment, 107 syrup, 593 mixture, 306 lotion, capillary, 107 tincture, 594 with elaterin, 307 syrup, 107 strong, 593 pills, compound, 306 Gaulthier's plaster, 449 Ginseng, 431 powder, compound, 306 Gay Lussac's alcoometre, 33 Glass, soluble, 473 solution, alkaline, 306 Gentian, 308 Glauber's salts, 548 tincture, alkaline, 307 elixir, ferrated, 309 Gloucester jelly, 607 ammoniacal, 307 extract, 308 Glue, liquid, 603 Gannal's injection, 598 fluid, 308 marine, 603 Gargle, ammonia, 122 syrup, 309 Glycamyl, 313 acetate of ammonium, 125 infusion, 308 Glycerin, 312 lead, 445 compound, 308 lotion, 312 alum, 118 concentrated, 309 ointment, 312 ammoniated copper, 260 with rhubarb, 309 paste, 312 borax, 543 mixture, 309 starch, 312 748 Glyoerite of borax, 543 calabar bean, 438 carbolic acid, 90 gallic acid, 93 hydrocyanic acid, 94 iodide of ammonium, 129 pancreatin, 432 starch, 312 tannin, 100 tar, 442 G-oadby's solutions, 599 Godfrey's cordial, 428 Gold, 159 ointment, 160 powder, 159 syrup, 160 solder for, 605 ammoniated, 162 pills, 162 chloride, 160 bolus, 160 caustic, 160 collyrium, 160 ointment, 160 pills, 160 powder, 160 tincture, 160 with sodium, 160 lozenges, 161 ointment, 161 pills, 161 powder, 161 solution, 161 syrup, 161 compound, 161 cyanide, 161 lozenges, 162 pills, 162 GENERAL INDEX. Gold cyanide powder, 162 solution, 162 iodide, 162 oxide, 162 pills, 162 powder, 162 purple of Cassius, 163 Golden rod, 550 sulphuret of antimony, 441 Goldthread, 250 infusion, 250 tincture, 250 Gondret's ointment, 122 Goulard's balsam, 445 cerate, 445 extract, 445 Gouttes ameres, 350 Grains de sante, 111 Granulation, 640 Granules of digitalin, 268 Granville's lotion, 122 Gravity, specific, 31 Grease balls, 514 Griffith's mixture, 282 pills, 282 Griffiths pills, 492 Groat gruel, 163 Gruel, oatmeal, 163 rice, 430 Guaiacum, 317 decoction, compound, 317 extract, 317 mixture, 318 with bittersweet, 318 oil, 317 compound, 317 pills with aloes, 318 antimony, 318 Hair dye, 147 Hairy horehound, 164 decoction, 164 Ilaller's elixir, 99 Ilardhack, 552 decoction, 552 extract, 552 Hartshorn, 251 burnt, 251 dentifrice, 251 jelly, 251 compound, 251 ITebra's lead ointment, 449 Hedge hyssop, 316 extract, 317 powder, compound, 317 wine, 317 Ileinecke's solution, 540 Hellebore, American, 583 black, 321 white, 582 Hcllmund's nartico-bulsamic ointment, 245 Hemlock, 244 cataplasm, 246 collutory, 245 extract, 244 alcoholic, 244 PI Hemlock, infusion, 245 juice, 245 mixture, with paregoric, 246 oleo-infusion, 245 ointment, 245 compound balsamic, 245 pills with calomel, 244 dandelion, 244 ipecacuanha, 244 pitch, 442 plaster, 245 compound, 246 powder, 244 eaooharated, 506 suppository, 246 tincture, 245 ethereal, 245 Hemp, 196 emulsion, 196 extract, 196 purified, 196 resin, 196 tincture, 196 Indian, 196 Benbane, 346 extract, alcoholic, 346 aqueous, 346 Guaiacum pills with sulphur, 318 turpentine, 318 tartar emetic, 143 powder, compound, 317 tincture, 318 ammoniated, 319 Dewees's, 319 and corrosive subli- mate, 319 copaiba, 319 paregoric, 319 mixture, odontalgic, 319 with henbane, 319 wood-tea, 317 Guarana, 434 Gum Arabic, 84 linctus, 85 lozenges, 84 mixture, 84 Wendt's, 85 mucilage, 84 paste, 85 pectoral, 84 pate de guimauve, 85 powder, compound, 84 syrup, 85 compound, 85 mucilage, 574 paste, 574 powder, compound, 574 starch, 263 tragacanth, 574 Gun cotton, soluble, 315 Gutta percha, 319 solution, 319 Henbane, extract, fluid, 346 infusion, 347 compound, 347 liniment, 348 mixture, 347 with antimony, 347 squill, 348 ointment, 348 compound, 348 oleo-infusion, 348 pills, compound, 347 and ipecacuanha, 347 opium, 347 plaster, 348 poultice, anodyne, 348 powder, compound, 347 saccharated, 506 tincture, 347 ethereal, 348 Henry's aromatic spirit of ; vinegar, 87 Hierapicra, 108, 196 tincture, 196 Hive syrup, Coxe's, 524, 530 j Hoffmann's anodyne, 106 balsam of life, 165 visceral elixir, 159 nolly, sea, 274 Honeys, 391, 647 GENERAL INDEX. 749 Honeys, borax, 543 clarified, 391 ceromel, 391 hydromel, 391 mixture, expectorant, 391 oxymel, 391 pectoral, 391 prepared, 391 water, 391 roses, 498 violets, 584 Hooper's pills, 109, 298 Hope's mixture, 192 Hops, 325 cataplasm, 326 elixir, 325 extract, 325 fluid, 325 infusion, 325 mixture, 325 ointment, 326 tincture, 325 alkaline, 325 Horehound, 388 candy, 389 decoction, compound, 388 extract, 388 hairy, 164 mixture, pectoral, 3S9 syrup, 389 Horse balm, 241 decoction, 242 oil, 242 tincture, 242 Horse chestnut, 323 decoction, 324 compound, 324 extract, 324 powder, compound, 323 Horsemint, 396 liniment, 396 oil, 396 Horseradish, 148 cataplasm, compound, 149 infusion, 148 compound, 149 mixture, 149 syrup, compound, 148 tincture, compound, 148 wine, compound, 149 Hot bath, 669 Hundred-leaved rose, 497 Hungary water, 500 Husson's medicinal water, 239, 241 Huxham's tincture, 230 Hydrargyro-iodide of potass- ium, 470 Hydrated oxide of iron, 293 Hydriodate of morphia, 400 quinia, 483 ioduretted, 483 Hydriodic acid, 94 Hydrochloric acid, 96, 689 Hydrocyanic acid, 93, 689 extemporaneous, 93 Hydroeyanie acid, glyeerite, 94 injection, 94 inhalation, 94 julep, 94 lotion, 94 mixture, 93 syrup, 94 ether, 105 Hydromel,' 391 pectoral, 391 Hydrometers, 33 Hydrometrical equivalents, 40 Hydrosulph&te of ammonium, 130 sulphuretted, 130 Hydresulphuric acid, 84 artificial sulphuretted water, 95 bath, hydrosulphuret- ted, 95 lotion, hydrosulphuret- ted, 95 Hypodermic injection of caffe- ina, 238 calabar bean, 438 conia, 246 digitalin, 267 morphia, 400, 402 strychnia, 559 Hypophosphites, 185 Hyposulphited sulphuret of po- tassium, 474 Hyposulphite of sodium, 547 Iceland moss, 218 cetrarin, 219 powder, 219 chocolate, 219 decoction, 218 deprived of bitterness, 218 jelly, bitter, 219 dry, 218 sweet, 219 mixture, 219 troches, 219 Idiosyncrasy, 67 Ignatia, 349 extract, 349 tincture, 349 alkaline, 350 Imperial drink, 457 measure, 27 value in wine measure, 27 Incompatibles, table of, 612 Indelible inks, 604 Indian hemp, 145 decoction, 145 extract, 145 physic, 312 sarsaparilla, 322 decoction, 323 infusion, 323 mixture, 323 syrup, 322 tobacco, 376 turnip, 152 Indigo, 350 electuary, 350 pills, 350 powder, 350 sulphate, 350 wild, 167 decoction, 167 ointment, 167 Infusions, 647 Infusion, American centaury 504 columbo, 301 senna, 210 angustura, 137 arnica, 149 compound, 149 balm, 392 barberry, 175 belladonna, 171 benne, 536 bistort, 177 bittersweet, 269 black purslane, 276 blessed thistle, 215 bloodroot, 510 boneset, 275 compound, 275 buchu, 179 compound, 179 buckbean, 395 burdock, 369 calamus, 182 camphor, 193 Canada fleabane, 274 Infusion, cantharides, 197 acetie, 197 caraway, 207 carrot fruit, 207 cascarilla, 209 alkaline, 209 catechu, 214 compound, 214 catnep, 212 Cayenne pepper, 202 chamomile, 138 cherry-laurel, 370 chiretta, 221 cinnamon, 334 cloves, 208 columbo, 190 with ginger, 190 rhubarb, 190 cusso, 177 dandelion, 569 dittany, 257 elm bark, 576 ergot, 272 eucalyptus, 275^ fennel, 300 flaxseed, 375 fleabane, 274 foxglove, 265 galls, 305 compound, 305 gentian, 308 compound, 308 with rhubarb, 309 German chamomile, 391 GENERAL INDEX Infusion, ginger, 593 goldthread, 250 hemlock, 245 henbane, 347 compound, 347 hops, 325 horseradish, 148 compound, 149 Indian sarsaparilla, 323 iron, bitter, 292 juniper, 362 compound, 362 kino, 364 linden flowers, 573 compound, 573 lobelia, 377 maidenhair, 104 malt, 384 marigold, 189 matico, 390 compound, 390 mayweed, 252 mint, 394 compound, 394 mudar, 189 orange-peel, compound, 158 pareira brava, 433 parsley-root, 436 pennyroyal, 321 persimmon bark, 268 Peruvian bark, 229 compound, 229 with cantharides, 229 magnesia, 229 serpentaria, 229 pinkroot, 551 compound, 551 pleurisy-root, 152 quassia, 480 compound, 480 red poppy, 496 compound, 496 rhatany, 365 rhubarb, 492 alkaline, 492 roses, acid, 498 safflower, 207 saffron, 254 sage, 508 compound, 508 sarsaparilla, 516 alkaline, 516 sassafras bark, 520 compound, 520 pith, 520 savine, 504 seneka, 529 compound, 529 senna, 533 black draught, 533 compound, 533 with buckthorn, 533 coffee, 533 lemon juice, 534 rhubarb, 534 tit in a rinds, 533 tincture of senna, 688 simarubrt, 636 oomponnd, 537 skunk cabbage, 208 Infusion, southernwood, 151 succory, 225 tamarinds, 568 tansy, 568 tobacco, 567 tulip-tree bark, 376 valerian, 578 compound, 578 Virginia snakeroot, 535 compound, 536 with ether, 536 yellow ladies' bedstraw, 304 yellow root, 585 wild cherry bark, 478 ginger, 152 wormwood, 83 Inhalations, 667 Inhalation, balsam of tolu, 167 of carbolic acid, 90 chlorine, 223 conia, 245 creasote, 253 hydrocyanic acid, 94 iodine, 352 tannin, 101 Injections, anatomical, 598 chloride of zinc, 598 Gannal's, 598 molasses, 598 nitrate of lead, 598 Injection, acetate of lead, 446 acetate of zinc, 586 aloes, 112 alum, 118 ammonia, 122 ammoniated copper, 259 carbonate of sodium, 545 catechu, 214 caustic potassa, 452 chloride of zinc, 587 chlorinated lime, com- pound, 188 soda, 539 chlorine, 222 chloroplatinate of sodium, 444 copaiba, 248 corrosive sublimate, 334 cubebs, 255 detersive, 112 ergot, 273 gallic acid, 93 hydrocyanic acid, 94 iodide of iron, 291 potassium, 466 kino, 364 kousso, 177 morphia, 308 nutritive, 432 opium, 424 pancreatin, 432 pomegranate rind, 316 pyroligneous acid, 88 rhatany, 365 sedative, 433 soot, 302 stimulating, 406 subacetate of lead, 446 and lime water, 446 sulphate of copper, 201 iron, 298 zinc, 60S sulphuret of potassium, 476 Injection, tannic acid, 101 Ink, anilin, 604 blue, 604 indelible, 604 without mordant, 147 red, 604 writing, 603 Inspissated juices, 644 Intervals between doses, 68 Iodate of potassium, 465 strychnia, 558 Iodide of arsenic, 150 and mercury, 151 barium, 168 gold, 162 iron, 289 lead, 448 manganese, 385 mercury, green, 339 red, 338 potassium, 466 quinia, 483 silver, 146 starch, 135 sulphur, 565 zinc, 588 Iodine, 351, 696 and tannin, syrup, 353 bath, 352 cataplasm, 353 clyster, 353 collyrium, 352 gargle, 353 inhalation, 352 liniment, 352, 353 lotion, 352 mixture, 352 with iodide of potas- sium, 352 ointment, 353 compound, 353 with mercury, 353 oil of tobacco, 353 pills, 351 plaster, 352 solution, 352 compound, 352 tincture, 351 compound, 351 decolorized, 351 ethereal, 351 saturated, 351 Iodoform, 354 ointment, 354 saponated emulsion, 354 suppositories, 354 Ioduretted potassium, 468 Ipecacuanha, 354 bolus, 355 confection, 356 decoction, 356 elixir, 358 extract, 355 fluid, 356 lozenges, 356 and camphor, 356 mixture, 357 pills, with centaury, 356 foxglove, 356 opium, 366 Bqufll, 356 powder, compound, 354 with antimony, 355 benzoic acid, 89 GENERAL INDEX 751 Ipecacuanha powder, with calo- mel, 355 carb. sodium, 355 chloride ammo- nium, 355 myrrh, 355 nitre, 355 opium, 354 rhubarb, 355 tartar emetic, 355 tragacanth, 355 saccharated, 506 syrup, 357 compound, 357 tincture, 358 wild, 276 powder, 276 wine, 358 alkaline, 358 compound, 358 with tartar emetic, 35S Iris, Florentine, 358 Irish moss, 224 Iron, 277, 697 filings, 277 mixture, compound, 282 powder, 278 preparations of, 605 solder for, 605 wire, 278 acetate, 279 and aluminum, 279 solution, 279 tincture, alcoholic, 279 ethereal, 279 ammoniated, 279 bolus, 280 mixture, 380 pills, 280 powder, compound, 280 arseniate, 280 ointment, 280 pills, 280 bromide, 280 ointment, 281 pills, 281 syrup, 280 carbonate, 281 artificial chalybeate water, 282 mixture, comp.. 282 pills, 281 powder, effervescent, 281 saccharated, 281 carburet, 283 mixture, 283 ointment, 283 pills, 283 prepared, 283 chloride, 283 and acetate of lead,283 mixture, 284 solution, 283 syrup, 284 tincture, 284 Iron, chloride, ethereal tinc- ture, 284 citrate, 285 ammonio-, 285 and magnesium, 286 syrup, 286 quinia, 287 wine, 287 strychnia, 288 liquid, 285 syrup, 285 tincture, 285 wine, 285 and beef, 285 aromatic, 285 sweet, 285 ferrocyanide, blue ink, 288, 604 mixture, 288 ointment, 288 pills, 288 powder, 288 compound, 288 Prussian blue, 288 gallate, 288 writing ink, 288 hypophosphite, 185 iodide, 289 bath, 291 injection, 291 lozenges, 289 mixture, 291 ointment, 291 pills, 289 saccharate, 289 solution, 290 syrup, 290 and chloride of iron, 291 mixture, 291 tincture, 290 wine, 290 lactate, 291 lozenges, 291 pills, 292 syrup, 292 malate, 292 bitter infusion, 292 extract, 292 mixture, 292 solution, 292 tincture, 292 metallic, prepared, 278 bolus, 278 mixture, 279 pills, 278 powder, 278 compound, 278 reduced, 278 lozenges, 279 wine, 279 nitrate, 292 pernitrate, solution, 292 protonitrate, syrup, 292 oxalate, 293 oxide, black 294 Iron, oxide, black, electuary, 294 pills, 294 powder, 294 hydrated, 293 red, 2D 4 plaster, 294 soluble saccharated, 293 syrup, 294 persulphate, 295 phosphate, 295 compound syrup, 295 ointment, 296 pills, 295 syrup, 296 protocbloride, 284 liquid, 284 tincture, 284 pyrophosphate, 296 and sodium, 296 syrup, 296 subcarbonate, 281 lozenges, 282 mixture, 282 pills, comp., 282 plaster, 283 powder, 282 wine, 283 subsulphate, solution, 295 sulphate, 297 and ammonium, 286 dried, 297 injection, 298 mixtures, 298 pills, 297 Blaud's, 297 compound, 297 with rhubarb, 297 powder, 297 solution, 298 syrup, 298 tersulphate, solution, 295 sulphuret, 298 tannate, 298 tartrate and potassium, 286 powder and Colombo, 286 effervescent, 287 solution, 287 syrup, 287 tincture, compound, 287 wine, 287 compound, 287 ammonium, 286 solution, 2b6 valerianate, 299 wine, bitter, 598 Irritants, 700 Isinglass, 348 blanc mange, 611 court plaster, 348 diamond cement, 349 Issues, 676 ointment, 201 752 GENEEAL IKDEX. Jackson's pectoral lozenges, 596 syrup, 85, 596 Jalap, 359 electuary, 360 emulsion, 360 extract, 359 alkaline, 360 mixture, 361 pills, 360 compound, 360 with calomel, 360 powder, compound, 359 saccharated, 506 with calomel, 359 cream of tartar, 359 ipecacuanha, 359 scammony, 359 resin, 360 tincture, 361 goap, 360 tincture, 361 Jalap, tincture, compound, 361 mixture, 361 Jamaica dogwood, 440 tincture, 440 pepper, 438 James' powder, 140 Jamestown weed, 555 Japan varnish, 606 Jelly, almond, 608 biscuit, 607 bread, 607 calves' feet, 608 carrageen, 225 chicken, 610 Gloucester, 607 hartshorn, 251 compound, 251 Iceland moss, 219 male fern, 300 orange leaves, 159 pectoral, 530 rice, 430 Jelly, starch, 135 tapioca, 569 Juices, inspissated, 644 Juice of broom, 528 colchicum, 241 dandelion, 570 hemlock, 245 liquorice, purified, 313 Julep, alum, 118 hydrocyanic acid, 94 Juniper, 361 cade, 363 tincture, with soft soap, 363 electuary, 362 extract, 362 infusion, 362 compound, 362 liniment, 363 mixture of oil, 362 spirit, 362 compound, 362 K Kaiser pills, 360 Kamala, 500 tincture, 500 Kentish ointment, 415 Kermes mineral, 141 lozenges, 141 Kermesine powder, 141 Keyser's pills, 331 Kinate of cinchonia, 233 quinia, 484 Kino, 363 Botany Bay, 275 electuary, 364 infusion, 364 injection, 364 Kino pills, compound, 364 powder, compound, 363 syrup, 364 tincture, 364 Kirkland's neutral cerate, 596 Kousso, 177 infusion, 177 Labarraque's solution, 539 Lac, 367 bleached, 367 cement, 367 sealing wax, 367 solution, aqueous, 367 varnish, 606 Lactate of iron, 291 quinia, 484 Lactic acid, 95 inhalation, 96 lemonade, 96 lozenges, 95 Lactopbosphate of calcium, 183, IH7 Lactucarium, 868 lozenges, 869 mixture, 868 pills, 868 syrup, 868 tincture, 869 Ladies' beddtruw, yellow, 304 infusion, 304 wine, 304 ■Upper, 202 liuid extract, 202 Lady Webster's pills, 109 Lancaster black drop, 425 Lard, benzoinated, 173 Larkspur, 263 tincture, 263 Lartigue's pills, 239 Laudanum, 426 Smith's, 427 Swediaur's, 428 Sydenham's, 426 Laurel, 370 oil, 370 ointment, 370 cherry, 367 Lavender, 371 essence, compound, 372 ointment, 1572 powder, compound, 371 spirit, 371 compound, 372 tincture, ethereal, 372 water, 371 Lead, 444, 007 solder for, 605 acetate, 4 11 cataplasm, 446 Lead, acetate, cerate, 445 gargle, 445 Goulard's balsam, 445 injection, 446 lotion, 446 mixture, 445 ointment, 447 pile, 446 paste, rubefacient, 445 pills, 444 plaster, 447 powder, 444 suppositories, 446 earbonate, 447 ointment, 447 camphorated, 447 plaster, 448 powder, camphorated, 447 chloride, 448 lotion, 448 ointment, 448 iodide, 448 ointment, 448 pills, 448 plaster, 448 GENEKAL INDEX 753 Lead, iodide, powder, 448 litharge, 449 cataplasm, 449 cerate, 449 ointment, 449 Banyer's, 449 compound, 449 plaster, 449 Baynton's, 449 diapalma, 449 Gaulthier's, 449 nitrate, 448 glycerite, 448 injection, 698 solution, Ledoyen's, 448 red, 450 plaster, black, 450 Nuremberg, 450 saccharate, 450 nitro-, 450 solution, 450 subacetate, 445 cataplasm, 446 cerate, 445 collyrium, 445 gargle, 445 Goulard's vegeto-min- eral water, 445 injection, 446 with lime, 446 liniment, 446 ointment, 447 plaster, 447 solution, 445 tannate, 450 liniment, 450 ointment, 450 Leather wood, 268 varnish for, 605 Ledoyen's disinfecting fluid, 448 Leeching, 685 Lemon, 872 collutory of juice, 373 Cologne water, 374 essence, 372 juice, artificial, 92 lozenges of juice, 373 oil, 373 spirit, 372 distilled, 373 odoriferous, 374 syrup, 373 peel, 373 vinous, of peel, 374 tincture, 373 water of peel, 373 unparalleled, 375 Lemonade, 373 barberries, 174 compound, 373 dry, 92 _ lactic acid, 96 , phosphoric acid, 99 sulphuric acid, 99 tartaric acid, 101 with sulphate of sodium, 549 Lenitive electuary, 531 Lettsom's elixir, 428 Lettuce, 368 wild, 368 extract, 368 lactucarium, 368 lozenges, 369 48 Lettuce, lactucarium, mixture, 368 pills, 368 syrup, 368 alkaline, 368 and opium, 369 tincture, 369 thridace, 368 mixture, 369 powder, 369 syrup, 368 mixture, with dandelion, 368 syrup, 309 tincture, aromatic, 369 water, 369 mixture, 369 Lignum vitse, 317 Lime, 185 chlorinated, 188 collutory, 188 dentifrice, 188 injection, compound, m 188 liniment, 189 lozenges, 188 ointment, 188 preservative liquid, 1S8 solution, 188 ointment, 186 solution, saccharated, 186 water, 185 compound, 186 and carbonate of po- tassium, 186 milk, 186 liniment, 186 with alcohol, 186 oil, 186 opium, 186 sulphur, 186 mixture, antacid, 1S6 Linctus, gum Arabic, 85 green, 133 opiate, 424, 428 opium, 424 sulphur, 563 white, 133 Linden, 572 infusion, 573 compound, 573 water, 573 Liniments, 675 Liniment, acetate of mercury, 331 aconite root, 103 alum, 118 amber oil, 561 ammonia, 121 camphorated, 127 compound, 121 sulphuretted, 123 terebinthinate, 123 barytie, 169 belladonna, 172 borax, 543 cajeput oil, 410 camphor, 194 compound, 195 ethereal, 194 turpentine, 194 with vinegar, 194 camphorated soap, 514 Liniment, cantharides, 199 aromatic, 201 soap, 199 stimulating, 201 with camphor, 199 carbolic acid, 91 carbonate of potassium, 376 ammonium, 127 for chilblains, 164 E chlorinated lime, 189 chlorine, 223 chloroform, 224 and aconite, 224 cod-liver oil, 411 colchicum and camphor, 241 cosmetic, 134 croton oil, 417 Dippel's oil, 409 eggs, 431 for milk abscess, 446 sore breasts, 1S6 garlic, 107 henbane, 348 horsemint, 396 hydrosulphate ammonia, 130 iodide of ammonium, 129 potassium, 467 iodine, 352, 353 juniper, 363 laudanum and lime water, 422 lime and sulphur, 186 ■ water and alcohol, 186 oil, 186 opium, 1S6 marigold, 189 mercurial, compound, 330 opiated, 330 mercury and chalk, 327 muriatic acid, 96 mustard, 538 nitrate of mercury, 340 nitric acid, 97 opiate, 422 opium, 422 with oil of chamomile, 423 pellitory, 479 phosphorated, 437 sal ammoniac, 128 soap, 514 spermaceti, 218 strychnia, 558 subacetate of lead, 446 succinate of ammonium, 128 sulphate of quinia, 487 sulphur and soap, 564 sulphuret of calcium, 188 carbon, 565 sodium, 550 sulphuric acid, 100 tannate of lead, 450 tartar emetic, ammoniacal, 144 turpentine, 571 acetic, 415 oil, 415 opiated, 415 sulphuric, 413 veratria, 581 754: GENERAL INDEX Liniment, verdigris, 259 Wilkinson's, 130 Lip salve, 216, 218 Liquid glue, 603 Liquorice root, 313 elixir, 124 extract, 313 fluid, 314 refined, 313 lozenges, 313 with opium, 313 mixture, 314 compound, 314 paste, 313 powder, compound, 314 syrup, 314, 598 compound, 314 Lisbon diet drink, 517 List of incompatibles, 612 Litharge, 449 Lithontriptics, 70 Liver of sulphur, 474 Liverwort, 323 Lobelia, 376 extract, acetic, 377 fluid, 377 infusion, 377 mixture, 377 syrup, 377 tincture, 377 ethereal, 377 vinegar, 377 Local baths, 670 Locatelli's balsam, 165 Lockstadt's pills, 134 Logwood, 320 decoction, 320 extract, 320 electuary, 320 mixture, 320 infusion, 320 Long pepper, 440 cataplasm, 440 Lotions, 675 Lotion, alkaline, 459 anti-rheumatic, 556 Barlow's, 476 Bateman's, 333 capillary, 107 for burns, 174 chilblains, 164, 413 hiccough, 124 toothache, 414 Granville's, 122 Goulard's, 132 hydrosulphuretted, 95 mammillary, 164 mercurial, 327 Baviard's, 452 acetate of lead, 446 zinc, 688 aconitia, 104 almond, compound, 132 alum, 118 Lotion, ammonia, 123 ammoniated alcohol, 124 borax, 543 bromine, 178 carbonate of potassium, 460 6odium, 545 cayenne pepper, 203 cherry-laurel water, 371 chlorate of sodium, 545 chloride of lead, 448 zinc, 587 corrosive sublimate, 333 and camphor, 333 copper, 333 cosmetic, 333 creasote, 253 cyanide of potassium, 463 galls, 305 glycerin, 312 hydrocyanic acid, 94 ioduretted potassium, 469 iodine, 352 marigold, extract of, 189 muriatic acid, 96 mustard, 538 nitrate of potassium, 472 nitric acid, 97 nux vomica, 409 orpiment, 151 oxide of zinc, 590 Peruvian bark, 232 sal ammoniac, 127 sulphate of copper, 261 morphia and borax, 402 sodium, 549 zinc, 592 sulphuret of potassium, 475 compound, 475 sodium, 550 sulphuric ether, 106 tartar emetic, 144 and camphor, 144 corrosive sub- limate, 144 tobacco, 567 veratria, 581 verdigris, compound, 258 Lozenges, 666 of anise, 138 balsam of tolu, 166 bicarbonate of sodium, 541 borax, 542 carrageen, 225 catechu, 213 Cayenne pepper, 202 chalk, 184 charcoal, 205 chlorate of potassium, 462 chloride of gold and so- dium, 161 Lozenges, chlorinated lime, 188 cinnamon, 234 citric acid, 92 croton oil, 416 cubebs, 255 extract, 256 cyanide of gold, 162 emetina, 271 ginger, 593 gum, 84 iodide of iron, 289 potassium, 465 ipecacuanha, 356 and camphor, 356 Jackson's, 596 kermes mineral, 141 lactate of iron, 291 lactic acid, 95 lactucarium, 369 lemon juice, 373 oil, 373 liquorice, 313 and opium, 313 magnesia, 379, 381 manna, 387 marsh mallow, 115 muriate of morphia, 401 and ipecacuanha, 400 naphthalin, 407 oxalate of potassium, 473 oxalic acid, 98 pauilinia, 434 pellitory, 479 peppermint, 393 rhubarb, 492 rose, 497 Spitta's, 255 starch, 135 subcarbonate of iron, 282 tartaric acid, 101 Tronchin's gum, 84, 141 vanilla, 580 Wistar's, 313 Lugol's ioduretted water, 352 468 solution, 352 Lunar caustic, 147 Lupulin, 377 emulsion, 378 extract, 378 fluid, 878 ointment, 378 oleo-resin, 378 pills, 378 powder, 378 syrup, 378 tincture, 378 Luting for bottles, 601 Lycopodium, 378 mixture, 378 powder compound, 378 M Macassar oil, 134 Mace, 379 balsam, nervine, 404 drops, carminative, 379 oil, volatile, 379 Mace, snocharated powder, 506 tincture, 379 Maceration, 648 Mackensie's solution, 147 Madder, 500 Madder, decoction, 501 powder, compound, 501 Magendie's solution of mor- phia, 402 Magnesia, 379 &EHEEAL INDEX. 755 Magnesia, aperient effervescing, 3S4 Dinneforcl's fluid, 3S1 heavy, 379 mixture, 380 and gentian, 380 rhubarb, 380 powder and orange-peel, 379 rhubarb, 379 sulphur, 379 troches, 379 Magnesium acetate, 380 bitartrate, 384 carbonate, 380 carminative, Dalby's, 381 Dewees's, 381 heavy, 380 light, 380 lozenges, 3S1 mixture, 381 with camphor, 381 colchicum, 381 rhubarb, 3S1 solution, 380 citrate, 382 granular, 3S2 soluble, 382 solution, 382 water, 382 phosphate, 382 sulphate, 383 Cheltenham salts, 383 clyster, 383 emulsion, purgative, 383 mixture, with aloes, 383 coffee, 3S3 nitric acid, 384 Rochelle salt, 383 Seidlitz water, 383 sulphuric acid, 383 tartar emetic, 383 sulphuret, 384 syrup, 384 tartrate, 384 Magnolia, 384 tincture, 384 Mahy's plaster, 448 Maidenhair, 104 svrup, 104 Malate of iron, 292 Male fern, 299 bolus, 299 electuary, 300 jelly, 300 mixture, 300 oleo-resin, 300 pills, 300 powder, 299 Mallow, common, 385 decoction, 385 species, emollient, 385 for gargles, 385 Malt, 384 clyster, emollient, 385 extract, 384 Malt, infusion, 3S4 Management of convalescence, 80 sick room, 60 Manganese, 385 carbonate, 385 pills, with iron, 385 chloride, 385 pills, 385 iodide, 385 pills, 385 syrup, 386 and iron, 386 oxide, black, 386 bolus, 386 ointment, 386 compound, 386 powder, 386 phosphate, 386 sulphate, 387 Manna, 387 emulsion, 387 lozenges, 387 mixture, 387 syrup, 387 Mannite, 388 Marigold, 189 extract, 189 lotion, 189 pills, 189 infusion, 189 liniment, 189 Marine glue, 603 Marjoram, 429 oil, 429 Marsh's test, 688 Marsh mallow, 114 decoction, 114 lozenges, 115 ointment, 115 paste, 114 pectoral tea, 114 powder, 115 syrup, 114 rosemary, 554 decoction, 554 Masterwort, 223 Mastich, 389 collutory, 389 dentifrice, 389 dinner pills, 389 paste, anti-odontalgic, 389 tincture, ethereal, 389 varnish, crystal, 389 picture, 389 Matico, 390 decoction, 390 extract, 390 fluid, 390 infusion, 390 with senna, 390 ointment, 390 syrup, 390 tincture, 390 May apple, 450 extract, 451 pills and iron, 451 podophyllin, 451 podophyllin, 451 pills, compound, 451 Mayweed, 252 cataplasm, 252 infusion, 252 Meal, barley, 324 Meal, flaxseed, compound, 375 Measures, 26 approximative, 27, 28 drops, 28, 29 foreign, 30 French, 30 imperial, 27 wine, 26 Medicated waters, 595 baths, 671 Melilot, 392 plaster, 392 Mellites, 647 Mercury, 326, 698 cataplasm, 330 cerate, 330 compound, 330 gargle, 327 liniment, 330 compound, 330 opiated, 330 lotion, 327 mixture, 329 mucilage, 327 ointment, 329 camphorated, 329 compound, 329 and belladonna, 330 turpentine, 330 pills, 328 and antimony, 326 colocynth, 328 jalap, 328 quinia, 328 rhubarb, 328 Abernethy's, 329 Belloste's, 329 compound, 328 triplex, 328 plaster, 330 and belladonna, 330 powder, compound, 326 purified, 326 suppositories, 330 Mercury, acetate, 331 liniment, 331 pills, 331 with opium, 331 solution, 331 ammoniated, 331 ointment, 331 and antimony, 326 chalk, 326 liniment, 327 with ipecacuanha, 327 gum, 327 pills, with hem- lock, 327 magnesia, 327 borate, 331 bromide, 331 bibromide, 332 protobromide, 332 solution, ethereal, 332 calomel, 334 chloride, and quinia, 337 pills, 337 mild, 334 corrosive, 332 corrosive sublimate, 332 cyanide, 337 gargle, 338 ointment, 338 756 GENERAL INDEX Mercury, cyanide, pills, com- pound, 338 solution, 338 tincture, compound, 338 iodide, green, 339 ointment, 340 pills, 339 compound, 339 powder, 339 red, 338 ointment, 339 pills, 338 tincture, 339 ethereal, 339 wash, 339 . nitrate, 340 liniment, 340 ointment, 340 with lead, 340 pills, 340 solution, 340 oleate, 341 and morphia, 341 oxide, black, 341 wash, 341 ointment, 341 pills, 341 red, 342 ointment, 342 brown, 343 with cinnabar, 343 lead, 343 sulphur, 343 tin, 343} zinc, 343 pills, 342 powder, 342 yellow, 342 ointment, 342 wash, 342 phosphate, 343 pills, 344 protonitrate, solution, 341 sulphate, yellow, 344 ointment, 344 powder, compound, 344 persulphate, 344 sulphuret, black, 344 pills, 344 powder, 344 red, 345 cerate, 345 ointment, 345 pills, 345 powder, 345 fumigating, 345 tartrate, 345 and potassium, 346 Metals, varnish for coating, 006 Method of displacement, 649 preserving a corpse, 598 Metrical weights, 21 measures, 30 Metz's balsam, 258 Mezereon, 89.6 decoction, 395 compound, 396 extract, 898 ethereal, 396 Quid, 396 Mezereon ointment, 396 plaster, cantharides, 396 Milk, 366 anodyne, 132 arrowroot, 388 artificial, 132 asses', 611 goats', 367 cement, china, 367 chocolate, 610 coffee, 610 mixture, with suet, 367 soda water, 367 powder, 367 roses, 132 sago, 507 sugar of, 506 draught, 506 with gum Arabic, 506 Iceland moss, 506 syrup, 367 yanilla, 580 whey alum. 366 aromatic, 366 cream of tartar, 366 mustard, 366 simple, 366 tamarind, 366 vinegar, 366 wine, 366 Mindererus, spirit, 124 Mineral, ethiop«, 344 Kermes, 141 Mint, 394 Mixtures, 654 Mixture, acetate of ammonium, 125 lead, 445 morphia, 399 potassium, 454 acetic ether, 105 aconite, 104 aloes, alkaline, 112 aloetic, 112 American hellebore, 584 ammonia, 122 and ether, 122 ammoniac, 120 and nitric acid, 120 compound, 120 ammoniated alcohol, 12i iron, 280 angustura, 137 anisated ammoniated alco- hol, 124 anise, 138 antacid, 186 anthelmintic, 511, 435 anti-emetic, 214, 541 anti-epileptic, 147 anti-hectic, Griffith's, 282 anti-otitio, 423 antimonial wine and am- moniac, 145 bittersweet, 145 laudanum, 145 anodyne, Vicat's, 124 arseniato of potassium, 455 asparagus, diuretic. 153 assafetida, 154 and oxymel of squill, 155 tola, 155 compound, 155 Mixture, avens, 312 balsam of Peru, 165 tolu, 167 and almond emul- sion, 167 belladonna, 166 copaiba, 167 morphia, 166 opium, 167 barley, 611 belladonna, 172. benzoic acid, 89 and copaiba, 89 bicarbonate of potassium, 455 sodium and copaiba, 542 bichloride of platinum, 44 4 biniodide of potassium, 469 bistort, 177 bitartrate of potassium, 456 bittersweet, 269 black drop, 421 hellebore, 322 boracic acid, 90 borax, 543 borotartrate of potassium, 457 and magnesium, 458 brown, 314 buckbean, 395 diuretic, 395 butter of cacao, 181 cabbage-tree bark, 311 oamphor, 193 and chloroform, 194 ether, 194 myrrh, 193 Parrish's, 193 water, 194 • camphorated cough, 195 carbonate of ammonium, 126 and ginger, 126 magnesium, 381 and oamphor, 381 colchioum, 381 potassium, 460 sodium and chamomile, 544 gentian, 544 ipecacuanha, 544 quassia, 54 1 carburet of iron, 283 carminative, 381, 394 carrageen, 225 cascarilla. 209 cassia pulp, 210 castor oil and ether, 413 catechu and logwood, 214 caustic potassa, 452 celandine, 220 centaury, 215 chalk, 184 compound, 184 chamomile, 139 cherry-laurel water, 371 chloride of ammonium, 128 barium, 168 calcium, 185 iron, 284 chlorine, 223 chloroform. 224 GENERAL INDEX IQI Mixture, cider, 362 citrate of potassium and Peruvian bark, 462 cochineal and carbonate of potassium, 236 common salt, 236 cod-liver oil, 410 colchicum, 240 and ammonia, 241 elaterium, 241 magnesia, 240 sulphate of mag- nesium, 240 tincture, 240 with foxglove, 241 vinegar, 241 with squill, 241 wine, 240 colocynth, 243 tincture, 244 colored fire, 603 Colombo, 190 andcascarilla, 1S1 salep, 191 common salt and lemon juice, 546 contrayerva, 247 copaiba, 248 corrosive sublimate, 333 creasote, 252, 253 croton oil, 416 croup, 357 cubebs, 256 oil and copaiba, 257 cyanide of potassium, 4G3 dandelion, 570 Dippel's oil, 409 diuretic, 435 eggs, 430 and brandy, 431 wine, 431 elaterium, 270 elder, 509 elecampane, 350 emetina, 271 ergot, 273 ergotin, 273 errhine, 136 ether, 106 and opium, 106 expectorant, 391 extract of lettuce, 368 ferrocyanuret of quinia, 483 sine, 5S8 flaxseed, 375 Fowler's solution, 454 foxglove and acetate of lead, 266 potassium, 265 tartaric acid, 266 expectorant, 266 tincture, 266 galbanum, 303 gallic acid, compound, 93 and sulphuric acid, 93 gamboge, 306 and elaterin, 307 gentian, 308, 309 and sulphuric acid, 310 tincture, 310 guaiacum, 318 and bittersweet, 318 paregoric, 319 Mixture, guaiacum and copai- ba, 319 henbane, 319 odontalgic, 319 gum Arabic, 84 Wendt's, 85 hemlock and paregoric, 246 henbane, 347 and antimony, 347 squill, 348 Hope's, 192 hops, 325 horseradish, 149 hydrocyanic acid, 93 Iceland moss, 219 Indian sarsaparilla, 323 iodide of iron, 291 and chloride, syrup of, 291 potassium, 466 and sarsaparilla, 466 iodine, 352 and arsenic, 454 iodide of potas- sium, 352 ipecacuanha, 357 iron, aromatic, 279 compound, 282 jalap, 361 tincture, 361 Kermes mineral, 141 lactate of quinia, 484 lactucarium, 369 laudanum and tartar emetic, 429 lettuce and dandelion, 36S extract, 368 water, 369 liquorice, 314 compound, 314 lobelia, 377 logwood, extract, 320 magnesia, 380 and gentian, 380 rhubarb, 380 malate of iron, 292 male fern, 300 manna, 387 mercurial, 329 milk and suet, 367 monesia, 397 muriate of morphia, 400 quinia, 484 muriatic ether, 96 musk, 403 myrrh, compound, 406 Griffith's, 406 narcotina, 407 neutral, 462 compound, 462 nitrate of ammonium, 129 potassium, 472 nitric acid, 97 nux vomica, 409 odontalgic, 208 oil of almonds, 134 amber, 561 anise, 138 cajeput, 410 euphorbia, 276 juniper, 362 mole plant, 276 valerian, 579 Mixture, oleaginous, 412 olive oil, 412 opium and cinnamon water, 426 lime water, 424 syrup of poppies, 426 pectoral, 389 Peruvian bark, 227, 229 phosphate of sodium, 548 pomegranate root, extract, 316 Prussian blue, 288 quince seed, 262 rhatany, 365 rhubarb, 495 rue, 503 and squill, 502 santonica, 511 scammony, 522 Scudamore's, 240 sedative, 426, 433 seneka, 530 senna, 533 soot, 301 spermaceti, 217 squill, syrup, 526 extract, and rhubarb, 526 oxymel and ammo- niac, 526 ipecacuanha, 526 marsh mallow, 526 valerian, 526 vinegar, 526 and ammonia, 526 starch and suet, 135 stramonium, 556 strychnia, 557 subcarbonate of iron, 282 succinate of ammonium. 130 sugar of milk and gum Arabic, 506 Iceland moss, 506 sulphate of cinchonia, 233 iron, 298 magnesium and coffee, 383 nitric acid, 384 Rochelle salt, 383 sulphuric acid, 383 tartar emetic, 383 morphia, 402 potassium, 474 quinia, 487 and coffee, 487 zinc, 592 sulpho-tartrate of quinia, 488 sulphur, 563 sulphuret of antimony, 142 and lime, 142 carbon, 565 potassium, 476 sodium and sal ammo- niac, 550 sulphuric ether and cam- phor, 106 turpentine, 106 sweet spirit of nitre, 552 tannic acid, 101 tartarized soda, 464 tartrate of potassium, 477 andammonium, 464 753 Mixture, tobacco, 567 turpentine, 572 oil, 414 and ether, 414 uva ursi, 577 valerianate of zinc, 592 valerian and ammonia, 579 Hoffmann's anodyne, 579 vinegar, 85 and cardamom, 86 Virginia snakeroot, ace- tated, 536 and allspice, 536 wine of opium, 426 wormseed oil, 220 yeast, 277 Mode of administration of med- icine, 63 Molasses beer, 611 injection, 598 posset, 610 Mole plant, 276 mixture of oil, 276 Monesia, 397 mixture, 397 ointment, 397 purified, 397 syrup, 397 compound, 397 tincture, 397 Monkshood, 102 Monsel's solution, 295 Morphia, 397 anodyne solution, 398 draught, 398 injection, 398 pills, 398 acetate, 398 bolus, 398 clyster, 399 mixture, 399 ointment, 399 pills, 398 powder, compound, 398 solution, 399 alcoholic, 399 with ipecacuanha, 398 syrup, 399 troches, 398 bimeconate, 399 solution, 399 citrate, 399 hydriodate, 400 muriate, 400 chlorodyne, 596 lozenges, 401 GENERAL INDEX. Morphia, muriate, and ipecac- uanha lozenges, 400 mixture, 400 pills, 401 solution, 400 suppositories, 401 syrup, 400 compound, 400 nitrate, 401 phosphate, 401 sulphate, 401 bolus, 401 lotion, 402 pills, 401 solution, 402 Magendie's, 402 suppositories, 402 syrup, 402 troches and ipecac, 401 tartrate, 402 Mosaic gold, 554 Mucilage, gum Arabic, 84 mercurial, 327 rice, 430 sago, 507 salep, 607 slippery elm, 576 starch, 135 tragacanth, 574 Mudar, 189 infusion, 189 oil, 189 pills, 189 Mugwort, 152 Mulberries, 397 syrup, 397 rob, 397 Mulled wine, 610 Muriate of brucia, 178 cinchonia, 233 morphia, 400 and codeia, 237 narcotina, 407 opium, 425 quinia, 484 strychnia, 559 veratria, 582 Muriatic acid, 96, 6S9 bath, 96 diluted, 96 draught, 96 gargle, 96 gaseous, 96 injection, 96 liniment, 96 lotion, 96 mixture, 96 pediluvium, 96 Muriatic acid, syrup, 96 ether, 105 chlorated, 105 Musk, 402 artificial, 560 emulsion, 560 tincture, 560 bolus, 402 clyster, 403 mixture, 403 pills, 402 powder, 402 root, 565 compound elixir, 566 fluid extract, 566 oleo-resin, 566 tincture, 565 tincture, 403 Mustard, 537 cataplasm, 537 compound, 537 foot-bath, 537 gargle, 537 injection, 537 liniment, 538 lotion, 538 oil, fixed, 538 volatile, 538 tincture, 538 ointment, 538 compound, 538 paper, 537 whey, 537 Mutton broth, 609 tea, 608 Mynsicht's elixir, 99 Myrrh, 405 collutory, 406 extract, 406 compound, 406 gargle, 406 injection, 406 mixture, compound, 406 Griffith's, 406 oil, 407 pills and Canada balsam, 405 squill, 405 sulphate of iron, 405 zinc, 405 plaster, 407 powder, einmenagogue, 4^5 and ipecacuanha, 4UJ saccharated, 506 solution, alkaline, 406 tincture, 406 and hellebore, 406 dentifrice, 407 N Naphthalin, 407 lozenges, 407 ointment, 407 syrup, 407 Narcotics, 700 Narcotioo-irritantf, Narcotina, 407 bolua, 407 702 Narcotina, mixture, 407 muriate, 407 Nervine balsam, .'!70, 404 Neutral mixture, 4t>2 New Jersey tea, 214 decoction, 215 Nicholson's hydrometer, 33 Nicotina, 567 Nitrate of ammonium, 129 mixture, 129 camphor, 195 iron, 292 mercury, 340 acid, 340 morphia, 401 potassium, 471 GENERAL INDEX 759 Nitrate of quinia, 485 silver, 146 sodium, 547 strychnia, 559 veratria, 582 Nitre, 471 cubic, 547 fused, 471 purified, 471 sweet spirit, 552 Nitric acid, 97 collutory, 97 diluted, 97 fomentation, 97 injection, 97 lemonade, 97 liniment, 97 lotion, 97 mixture, 97 Nitric acid ointment, 97 Nitro-muriatic acid, 97 diluted, 98 bath, 98 saccharate of lead, 450 Nitrous ether, 552 powders, 471 Norwood's tincture, 583 Nuremberg plaster, 450 Nutmeg, 404 cerate, 404 clyster, 405 essence, 405 nervine balsam, 404 oil, expressed, 404 volatile, 404 plaster, 404 powder, anti-hectic, 405 Nutmeg powder, aromatic, 404 saccharated, 506 spirit, 405 compound, 405 Nux vomica, 408 extract, 408 aqueous, 408 pills, 409 lotion, 409 mixture, 409 pills, 409 and aloes, 409 colocynth, 409 compound, 409 powder, 408 tincture, 408 compound, 408 ethereal, 408 O Oak bark, 481 acorn coffee, 481 cataplasm, 481 confection, 481 decoction, 481 extract, 481 gargle, 481 injection, 481 powder, compound, 481 Oat, 163 cataplasm, 163 decoction, 163 flummery, 163 gruel, groat, 163 powder, for cataplasm, 163 Oatmeal, gruel, 163 Observations on management of the sick room, 60 Officinal preparations and di- rections, 639 Oil of almond, 133 mixture, 134 bitter, 134 amber, 560 rectified, 560 anise, 137 mixture, 138 benne, 536 benzoin, 174 black pepper, resinous, 439 volatile, 439 box, 180 bromine, 178 cajeput, 410 caraway, 208 carron, 186 castor, 412 chlorine, 223 cinnamon, 235 cloves, 208 cod-liver, 410 copaiba, 249 croton, 415 cubebs, 257 dittany. 257 eggs, 430 elaterium, 270 ergot, 273 Oil of euphorbium, 277 fennel, 301 ginger, 594 guaiacum, 317 compound, 317 horsebalm, 242 horsemint, 396 laurel, 370 macassar, 134 mace, 404 marjoram, 429 mezereon, green, 396 mudar, 189 mustard, fixed, 538 volatile, 538 myrrh, 407 neroli, 159 nutmeg, expressed, 404 volatile, 404 olive, 412 orange flowers, 159 parsley, 436 partridge berry, 307 pennyroyal, 321 peppermint, 393 rose, 498 rosemary, 500 rue, 502 sassafras, 520 savine, 504 scammony, 522 soot, 302 tansy, 568 tobacco, 567 turpentine, 413 and ether, 414 honey, 413 clyster, 414 confection, 413 emulsion, 414 vermifuge, 414 liniment, 415 acetic, 415 opiated, 415 sulphuric, 563 lotion, 413 for toothache, 414 mixture, 414 Oil of turpentine ointment, 414 purified, 413 rectified, 413 soap, Starkey's, 415 solution, odontalgic, 414 wine, 415 valerian, 579 violets, 584- wine, 106 wormseed, 226 wormwood, essential, 84 Oil, British, 435 Dippel's, 409 distilled, 659 essential, 659 table of, 662 fixed, 665 phosphorated, 436 volatile, 659 Ointments, 677 Ointment, ammoniaeal, 127 Anglo-Saxon, 119 anodyne, 423 arsenical, 88 atropia, 157 Banyer's, 449 basilicon, 489 citrine, 340 Desault's ophthalmic, 343 Egyptian, 258 for chilblains, 119 issue, 201 itch, 516 Kentish, 415 ophthalmic, 342 pile, 119 poplar, 348 Begent's ophthalmic, 343 Bust's, 119 St. Yves ophthalmic, 343 sultana, 218 Ointment of acetate of lead, 447 morphia, 399 aconite, 103 ammoniated, 104 aconitia, 104 aloes, 114 760 GENERAL INDEX. Ointment of alum, 119 American hellebore, 583 ammoniated copper, 260 animal charcoal, 204 arseniate of iron, 2S0 azedarach, 164 balsam of Peru, 165 compound, 165 belladonna, 173 bichloride of platinum, 444 biniodide of potassium, 469 and opium, 469 black hellebore, 322 oxide of mercury, 386 pepper, 439 pitch, 443 borax, 543 bromide of iron, 281 potassium, 458 compound, 458 sodium, 544 butter cacao, 181 calomel, 337 and acetate of copper, 337 alum, 337 camphor, 337 squill, 337 camphor, 195 cantha rides, 200 carbolic acid, 91 carbonate of ammonium, 127 lead, 447 camphorated, 447 potassium, 461 sodium, 545 carburet of iron, 283 carrot, 207 cevadilla, 503 extract, 503 charcoal, 205 . cherry-laurel, 371 chloride of antimony, 139 gold, 160 and sodium, 160 lead, 448 chlorinated lime, 188 chlorine, 223 chloroform, 224 cocculus indicus, 236 cod-liver oil, 41 I compound, 411 common salt, 546 compound, 540 cowhage, 403 creasote, 253 compound, 253 croton oil, 4 17 cucumber, 257 • cyanide of silver, 146 cyanide of mercury, 337 potassium, 403 delphinia, 263 elder flowers, 510 leaves, 509 elemi, 271 fennel, 30 I flgwort, 528 foxglove, 268 fuligokali, 302 galls, 306 compound, 305 extract, 305 Ointment of glycerin, 312 gold, 160 hemlock, 245 compound balsamic, 245 henbane, 348 compound, 348 hops, 326 hydrargyro-iodide of potas- sium, 470 iodide of ammonium, 129 iodide of arsenic, 150 barium, 168 cadmium, 181 carbon, 206 iron, 291 lead, 448 mercury, 339 potassium, 465 and opium, 467 mercury, 467 morphia, 467 silver, 146 sulphur, 565 zinc, 588 iodine, 353 compound, 353 with mercury, 353 oil of tobacco, 353 iodoform, 354 laudanum, 423 laurel, 370 lavender, 372 lead, 449 compound, 449 lime, 186 lupulin, 378 marsh mallow, 115 matico, 390 mercury, 329 camphorated, 329 compound, 329 and belladonna, 330 turpentine, 330 mezereon, 396 monesia, 397 mustard, 538 compound, 538 naphthalin, 407 nitrate of bismuth, 176 mercury, 340 and lead, 340 silver, 147 compound, 148 strychnia., 559 nitric acid, 97 opium and tar, 423 oxide of manganese, 386 and sulphur, 386 silver, 148 zinc, impure, 590 petroleum, 435 phosphorus, 437 picrotoxin, 236 poke, 438 Prussian blue, 288 red iodide of mercury, 339 oxide of mercury, 342 and basil icon, 343 cinnabar, 343 load, 343 sulphur, 343 tin, 343 zinc, 343 j Ointment of red sulphuret of mercury, 345 rhatany, compound, 366 rose water, 497 saffron, 254 savine, 505 soot, 302 compound, 302 spermaceti, 217 and rose water, 21 7 squill, 527 stavesacre, 554 stramonium, 556 strychnia, 558 subacetate of lead, 447 copper, 258 sulphate of cadmium, 182 copper, 261 mercury, 344 quinia, 487 sulphur, 563 and camphor, 564 soap, 564 zinc, 564 compound, 564 sulphuret of antimony, 141 potassium, 477 sodium, 550 sulphuric acid, 100 tannate of lead, 450 tannic acid, 101 tar, 443 compound, 443 tartar emetic, 144 compound, 144 tin, 553 tobacco, 567 turpentine, 572 compound, 572 tutty, 500 veratria, 581 and iodine, 582 morphia, 582 opium, 581 verdigris, 258 and alum, 258 white hellebore, 583 compound, 583 white precipitate, 331 wild indigo, 167 willow leaves, 508 zinc, oxide, 590 and calomel, 590 opium, 590 Oleaginous mixture, 412 Oleate of mercury and morphia, 341 Oleo-infusion of aconite, 103 belladonna, 172 canthariiles, 199 chamomile, 139 elaterium, 270 figwort, 528 German chamomile, 391 hemlock, 245 henbane, 348 marjoram, 430 rosemary, 500 rue, 502 stramonium, 557 tobacco, 567 wormwood, 84 Oleoresin of black pepper, 439 GENERAL IXDEX 761 Oleoresin of Cayenne pepper, 203 cubebs, 256 ginger, 594 lupulin, 378 male fern, SCO Oleo-saccharated powders, 506 Olive oil, 412 clyster, 412 mixture, 412 Onguent de la mere, 449 Opiate, anti-dysenteric, 422 Opium, 417, 700 balsam, 421 cerate, 423 clyster, 424 collyrium, 423 confection, 421 draught, anodyne, 428 drops, 422 elixir, 418 Lettsom's, 42S extract, acetous, 418 alcoholic, 418 aqueous, 418 aqueo-alcoholic, 418 denarcotized, 418 fermented, 418 roasted, 418 vinous, 418 Godfrey's cordial, 428 fomentation, 424 injection, 424 linctus, 424, 428 liniment, 422 with oil of chamomile, 423 lozenges, Wistar's, 429 mass, anti-odontalgic, 421 mixture, anti-otitic, 423 brown, cough, 314 with cinnnmon water, 426 lime water, 424 syrup of poppies, 426 sedative, 426 muriate, 425 ointment, 423 and tar, 423 pills, 419 aromatic, 420 odontalgic, 421 with acetate of lead, 420 mercury, 420 butter of cacao, 420 camphor, 420 castor, 421 foxglove, 420 hemlock and cal- omel, 420 and henbane, 419 Opium pills with liquorice, 421 musk, 420 nitrate of silver, 420 soap, 428 tartar emetic, 143 sulphate of zinc, 420 sulphuret of an- timony, 419 plaster, 422 with camphor, 422 galbanum, 422 powder, 419 compound, with chalk, 419 Dover's, 354 eclectic, 429 roasted, 419 with antimony, 419 camphor, 419 musk, 419 nitre, 419 sulphur, 419 suppository, 424 syrup, 423 succinated, 423 tincture, 426 acetated, 425 ammoniated, 427 and capsicum, 427 saffron, 426 soap, 428 tartar emetic, 429 Bateman's, 427 Battley's, 427 camphorated, 427 clyster, 424 and valerian, 424 compound, 427 extract, 427 liniment, 422 and lime water, 422 ointment, 423 Smith's, 427 succinated, 428 Swediaur's, 428 Warner's 428* vinegar, or black drop, 425 Guy's hospital, 425 Houlton's, 425 Lancaster, 425 mixture, 426 Porter's, 425 Rousseau's, 425 water, 424 wine, 426 collyrium, 423 drops, odontalgic, 421 fomentation, 424 mixture, 426 Sydenham's, 426 Opodeldoc, 514 liquid, 514 | Opoponax, 429 emulsion, 429 tincture, 429 compound, 429 Orange, 157 berries, 159 elixir, compound, 159 tincture, comp., 158 flowers, 159 confection, 159 oil, 159 pastilles, 159 syrup, 159 water, 159 leaves, 158 electuary, 158 jelly, 159 oil, simple elixir, 597 spirit, 597 peel, 157 confection, 157 electuary, 157 elixir, 158 simple, 158 extract, 158 infusion, 158 compound, 158 powder, with rhubarb, 157 spirit, 158 syrup, 158 tincture, 157 Orgeat, syrup of, 132 Oriental pills, 420 water, 459 Orpiment, 151 depilatory, 151 Delcroix's, 151 lotion, 151 powder, 151 Orris root, 358 dentifrice, 358 Oxalate of cerium, 216 iron, 293 potassium, 472 Oxalic acid, 98, 690 lozenges, 98 Ox gall, 277 Oxide, antimony, nitro-muria- tic, 139 gold, 162 iron, hydrated, 293 lead, 449 manganese, 386 mercury, 341 silver, 148 tin, 553 zinc, 589 Oxymel, 391 bitartrate of potassium, 456 colchicum, 240 elecampane, compound, 351 squill,' 527 Oyster-shell, prepared, 183 762 GENERAL INDEX. Palamoud, 180 Panada, 607 j chicken, 609 Pancreatin, 431 glycerite, 432 injection, nutritive, 432 powder, 431 solution, digestive, 431 Paper, anti-rheumatic, 490 blistering, 201 calabar bean, 438 mustard, 537 nitrated, 472 resin, 490 Paracelsus' elixir, 113 Paraguay-roux, 479 Paregoric, elixir, 427 Scotch, 427 Pareira brava, 433 decoction, 433 extract, 433 fluid, 433 infusion, 433 tincture, 433 Parrish's camphor mixture,. 193 Parsley, 436 infusion, 436 oil, 436 Partridge-berry, 307 oil, 307 water, 307 Pastes, 666 Paste, almond, 131 chloride of zinc, 587 cacao, compound, 180 copaiba, 250 de guimauve, 85 fig, 299 glycerin, 312 gum Arabic, 84, 85 liquorice, 313 inarshmallow, 114 anti-odontalgic, 389 pectoral, of gum Arabic, 84 phosphorus, 437 tragacanth, 574 rubefacient, 445 Wards, 439 Pastilles, catechu, 214 de Paris, 596 de sante, 522 fumigating, 173 orange flowers, 159 purgative, 522 Paul I in ia, 434 chocolate, 434 extract, alcoholic, 434 lozenges, 434 pin.-, a footing of cheapness never heretofore attempted. PREMIUM FOR XEW SUBSCRIBERS, Any gentleman who will remit the amount for two subscriptions for 1874, one of which must be for a new subscriber, will receive as a premium, free by mail, a copy of" Sturges' Clinical Medicine (for advertisement of which see p. 14), or of the new edi-- tion of Swayne's Obstetric Aphorisms (see p. 24), or of Tanner's Clinical Manual ' (see p. 5), or of Chambers' Restorative Medicine (see p. 15), or of West on Nerv- ous Disorders of Children (see p. 21). * # * Gentlemen desiring to avail themselves of the advantages thus offered will do well to forward their subscriptions at an early day, in order to insure the receipt of? complete sets for the year 1874, as the constant increase in the subscription list almost always exhausts the quantity printed shortly after publication. £§1° The safest mode of remittance is by bank check or postal money order, drawn to the order of the undersigned. Where these are not accessible, remittances for the " Journal" may be made at the risk of the publisher, by forwarding in registered letters. Address, HENRY C. LEA, No8. 706 and 708 Sansom St., Philadelphia, Pa. Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Dictionaries). J)ONGLltiON [ROBLEY], M.D., Professor of Institutes of Medicine in Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. MEDICAL LEXICON; A Dictionary of Medical Science: Con- taining a concise explanation of the various Subjects and Terms of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Hygiene, Therapeutics, Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Surgery, Obstetrics, Medical Jurisprudence, and Dentistry. Notices of Climate and of Mineral Waters; Formulae for Officinal, Empirical, and Dietetic Preparations; with the Accentuation and Etymology of the Terms, and the French and other Synonymes ; so as to constitute a French as well as English Medical Lexicon. A New Edition. Thoroughly Revised, and very greatly Mod- ified and Augmented By Richard J. Dunglison, M.D. In one very large and hand- some royal octavo volume of over 1100 pages. (Nearly Ready.) The object of the author from the outset has not been to make the work a mere lexicon or dictionary of terms, but to afford, under each, a condensed view of its various medical relatione, and thus to render the work an epitome of the existing condition of medical science. Starting with this view, the immense demand which has existed for the work has enabled him, in repeated revisions, to augment its completeness and usefulness, until at length it has attained the position of a recognized and standard authority wherever the language is spoken. Special pains have been taken in the preparation of the present edition to maintain this en- viable reputation. During the ten years which have elapsed since the last revision, the additions to the nomenalature of the medical sciences have been greater than perhaps in any similar period of the past, and up to the time of his death the author labored assiduously to incorporate every- thing requiring the attention of the student or practitioner. Since then, the editor has been equally industrious, so that the additions to the vocabulary are more numerous than in any pre- vious revision. Especial attention has been bestowed on the accentuation, which will be found marked on every word. The typographical arrangement has been much improved, rendering reference much more easy, and every care has been taken with the mechanical execution. The work has been printed on new type, small but exceedingly clear, with an enlarged page, so that the additions have been incorporated with an increase of but little over a hundred pages, and the volume now contains the matter of at least four ordinary octavos. It would be a work of supererogation to bestow a word of praise upon this Lexicon. We can only wonder at the labor expended, for whenever we refer to its pages for information we are seldom disap- pointed in finding all we desire, whether it be in ac- centuation, etymology, or definition of terms. — New York Medical Journal ', November, 1865. i It would be mere waste of words in us to express ,iur admiration of a work which is so universally and deservedly appreciated. The most admirable work of its kind in the English language. As a book of reference it is invaluable to the medical practi- tioner, and in every instance that we have turned over its pages for information we have been charmed by the clearness of language and the accuracy of detail with which each abounds. We can most cor- dially and confidently commend it to our readers. — Olasgov) Medical Journal, January, 1866. A work to which there is no equal in the English language. — Edinburgh Medical Journal. It is something more thmx a dictionary, and some- thing less than an encyclopaedia. This edition of the well-known work is a great improvement on its pre- decessors. The book is one of the very few of which it may be said with truth that every medical man should possess it.— London Medical Times, Aug. 26, 1865. Few works of the class exhibit a grander monument of patient research and of scientific lore. The extent of the sale of this lexicon is sufficient to testify to its usefulness, and to the great service conferred by Dr. Kobley Dunglison on the profession, and indeed on ethers, by its issue.— London Lancet, May 13, 1865. We know of no other dictionary in the English language that can bear a comparison with it in point of completeness of subjects and accuracy of state- ment.— N. Y. Druggists' Circular, 1865. For many years Dunglison's Dictionary has been th*! standard book of reference with most practition- ■ otintry, and we can certainly commend thin work to the renewed confidence and regard of our readers. — Cincinnati Lancet, April, 1865. It is undoubtedly the most complete and useful medical dictionary hitherto published in this country. — Chicago Med. Examiner, February, 1S65. What we take to be decidedly the best medical dic- tionary in the English language. The present edition is brought fully up to the advanced state of science. For many a long year "Dunglison" has been at our elbow, a constant companion and friend, and we greet him in his replenished and improved form with especial satisfaction. — Pacific Med. and Surg. Jour- nal, June 27, 1865. This is, perhaps, the book of all others which the physician or surgeon should have on his shelves. It is more needed at the present day than a few years back. — Canada Med. Journal, July, 186."). It deservedly stands at the head, and cannot be surpassed in excellence.— Buffalo Med. and Surg. Journal, April, 1865. It is as necessary a work to every enlightened phy- sician as Worcester's English Dictionary is to every one who would keep up his knowledge of the Eng- lish tongue to the standard of the present day. It is, to our mind, the most complete work of the kind with which we are acquainted.— Boston Med. and Surg. Journal, June 22, 1865. We are free to confess that we know of no medical dictionary more complete; no one better, if so well adapted for the use of the student; no one that may be consulted with more satisfaction by the medical practitioner. — Am. Jour. Med. Sciences, April, 1S65. The value of the present edition ha* been greatly enhanced by the introduction of new subjects and terms, and a more complete etymology ana accentua- tion, which renders the work not ouly satisfactory and desirable, but indispensable to the physician. — Chicago Med. Journal, April, 1865. No intelligent member of the profession can or will be without it.— St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal. April, 1865. It has the rare merit that it certainly has no rival in the English language for accuracy and extent of references. — London Medical (Jazette TJOHLYN [RICHARD D.), M.D. A DICTIONARY OF THE TERMS USED IN MEDICINE AND THE COLLATERAL SCIENCES. Revised, with numerouf additions, by Isaac Hays, M.D., Editor of the "American Journal of the Medical Sciences." In one large royal 12mo.' volume of over 500 double-columned pages; extra cloth, $1 50 ; leather, &2 00. It is the best booli of definitions we have, and ought always to be upon the student's table.-— Bonier* M..>l and Hnry. Journal. Henry O. Lea's Publications — {Manuals). JtfEILL {JOHN), M.D., and qMITH {FRANCIS G.), M.D., Prof, of the Institutes of Medicine in the Univ. of Penna. AN ANALYTICAL COMPENDIUM OF THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF MEDICAL SCIENCE; for the Use and Examination of Students. A new edition, revised and improved. In one very large and handsomely printed royal 12mo. volume, of about one thousand pages, with 374 wood cuts, extra cloth, $4; strongly bound in leather, with raised bands, $4 75. The Compendof Drs. Neilland Smith is incompara- bly the most valuable work of its class ever published tn'this country. Attempts have been made in various quarters to squeeze Anatomy, Physiology, Surgery, the Practice of Medicine, Obstetrics, Materia Medica, and Chemistry into a single manual; but the opera- tion has signally failed in the hands of all up to the advent of " Neill and Smith's" volume, which is quite t, miracle of success. The outlines of the whole are admirably drawn and illustrated, and the authors are eminently entitled to the grateful consideration of the student of every class.— N. 0. Med. and Surg. Journal. There are but few students or practitioners of me- dicine unacquainted with the former editions of this unassuming though highly instructive work. The whole science of medicine appears to have been sifted, as the gold-bearing sands of El Dorado, and the pre- cious facts treasured up in this little volume. A com- plete portable library so condensed that the student may make it his constant pocket companion. — West- ern Lancet. In the rapid course of lectures, where work for the students is heavy, «,nd review necessary for an exa- mination, a compend is not only valuable, but it is almost a sine qua non. The one before us is, in most of the divisions, the most unexceptionable of all books of the kind that we know of. Of course it is useless for us to recommend it to all last course students, bu t there is a class to whom we very sincerely commend this cheap book as worth its weight ia silver — that class is the graduates in medicine of more than ten years' standing, who have not studied medicine since. They will perhaps find out from it that the science is not exactly now what it was when they left it off.— The Stethoscope. TJARTSHORNE {HENRY), M. D., Professor of Hygiene in the University of Pennsylvania. A CONSPECTUS OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES; containing Handbooks on Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry, Materia Medica,, Practical Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics. Second Edition, thoroughly revised and improved. In one large royal 12mo. volume of more than 1000 closely printed pages with over 300 illustrations on wood. {Preparing.) The favor with which this work has been received has stimulated the author in its revision to render it in every way fitted to meet the wants of the student, or of the practitioner desirous to refresh his acquaintance with the various departments of medical science. The various sections have been brought up to a level with the existing knowledge of the day, while preserving the condensa tion of form by which so vast an accumulation of facts have been brought within so narrow a compass. This work is a remarkably complete one in its way, and comes nearer to our idea of what a Conspectus 6hould be than any we have yet seen. Prof. Harts- home, with a commendable forethought, intrusted the preparation of many of the chapters on special subjects to experts, reserving only anatomy, physio- logy, and practice of medicine to himself. As a result we have every department worked up to the latest date and in a refreshingly concise and lucid manner. Tbere are an immense amount of illustrations scat- tered throughout the work, and although they have often been seen before in the various works upon gen- eral and special subjects, yet they will be none the less valuable to the beginner. Every medical student who desires a reliable refresher to his memory when the pressure of lectures and other college work crowds to prevent him from having an opportunity to drink deeper in the larger works, will find this one of the greatest utility. It is thoroughly trustworthy from beginning to end ; and as we have before intimated, a remarkably truthful outline sketch of the present state of medical science. We could hardly expect it should be otherwise, however, under the charge of such a thorough medical scholar as the author has already proved himself to be. — N. York Med. Record, March 15, 1869. M.D. T UDLO W {J. L. A MANUAL OF EXAMINATIONS upon Anatomy, Physiology, Surgery, Practice of Medicine, Obstetrics, Materia Medica, Chemistry, Pharmacy, and Therapeutics. To which is added a Medical Formulary. Third edition, thoroughly revised and greatly extended and enlarged. With 370 illustrations. In one handsome royal 12mo. volume of 816 large pages, extra cloth, $3 25 ; leather, $3 75. The arrangement of this volume in the form of question and answer renders it especially suit- able for the office examination of students, and for those preparing for graduation. fTANNER {THOMAS HA WKES), M. D., frc. X A MANUAL OP CLINICAL MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL DIAG- NOSIS. Third American from the Second London Edition- Revised and Enlarged by Tilbury Fox, M. D., Physician to the Skin Department in University College Hospital, &c. In one neat volume small 12mo., of about 375 pages, extra cloth. $150. {Just Issued.) *^=fc By reference to the •' Prospectus of Journal" on page 3, it will be seen that this work is offered as a premium for procuring new subscribers to the "American Journal or the Medical Sciences." Taken as a whole, it is the most compact vade me- cum for the use of the advanced student and junior practitioner with which we are acquainted. — Boston Med. and Surg. Journal, Sept. 22, 1870. It contains so much that is valuable, presented in so attractive a form, that it can hardly be spared even in the presence of more full and complete works. The additions made to the volume by Mr. Fox very materially enhance its value, and almost make it a new work. Its convenient size makes it a valuable companion to the country practitioner, and if con- stantly carried by him, would often render him good service, and relieve many a doubt and perplexity. — Leavenworth Med. Herald, July. 1870. The objections commonly, and justly, urged against the general run of "compends," "conspectuses," and other aids to indolence, are not applicable to this little volume, which contains in concise phrase just those practical details that are of most use in daily diag- nosis, but which the young practitioner finds it diffi- cult to carry always in his memory without some quickly accessible means of reference. Altogether, the book is one which we can heartily commend to those who have not opportunity for extensive read- ing, or who, having read much, still wish an occa- sional practical reminder. — N. Y. Med. Gazette, Nov 10, 1870. Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Anatomy). QRAY {HENRY), F.R.S., Lecturer on Anatomy at St. George's Hospital, London. ANATOMY, DESCRIPTIVE AND SURGICAL. The Drawings by H. V. Carter, M. D., late Demonstrator on Anatomy at St. George's Hospital ; the Dissec- tions jointly by the Author and Dr. Carter. A new American, from the fifth enlarged and improved London edition. In one magnificent imperial octavo volume, of nearly 900 pages, with 465 large and elaborate engravings on wood. Price in extra cloth, $6 00; leather, raised bands, $7 00. {Just Issued.) The author has endeavored in this work to cover a more extended range of subjects than is cus- tomary in the ordinary text-books, by giving not only the details necessary for the student, but also the application of those details in the practice of medicine and surgery, thus rendering it both a guide for the learner, and ari admirable work of reference for the active practitioner. The en- gravings form a special feature in the work, many of them being the size of nature, nearly all original, and having the names of the various parts printed on the body of the cut, in place of figures of reference, with descriptions at the foot. They thus form a complete and splendid series, which will greatly assist the student in obtaining a clear idea of Anatomy, and will also serve to refresh the memory of those who may find in the exigencies of practice the necessity of recalling the details of the dissecting room; while combining, as it does, a complete Atlas of Anatomy, with a thorough treatise on systematic, descriptive, and applied Anatomy, the work will be found of essential use to all physicians who receive students in their offices, relieving both preceptor and pupil of much labor in laying the groundwork of a thorough medical education. Notwithstanding the enlargement of this edition, it has been kept at its former very moderate price, rendering it one of the cheapest works now before the profession. From time to time, as successive editions have ap- peared, we have had much pleasure in expressing the general judgment of the wonderful excellence of Gray's Anatomy. — Cincinnati Lancet, July, 1S70. Altogether, it is unquestionably the most complete The illustrations are beautifully executed, and ren- der this work an indispensable adjunct to the library of the surgeon. This remai'k applies with great force to those surgeons practising at a distance from our large cities, as the opportunity of refreshing their memory by actual dissection is not always attain- able—Canada Med. Journal, Aug. 1870. The work is too well known and appreciated by the profession to need any comment. No medical man can afford to be without it, if its only merit wei - e to serve as a reminder of that which so soon becomes forgotten, when not called into frequent use, viz., the relations and names of the complex organism of the human body. The present edition is much improved. —California Med. Gazette, July, 1870. Gray's Anatomy has been so long the standard of perfection with every student of anatomy, that we need do no more than call attention to the improve- ment in the present edition. — Detroit Review of Med. and Pharm., Aug. 1870. d serviceable text-book in anatomy that has ever been presented to the student, and forms a striking contrast to the dry and perplexing volumes on the same subject through which their predecessors strug- gled in days gone by. — 2f. Y. Med. Record, June 15, 1870. To commend Gray's Anatomy to the medical pro- fession is almost as much a work of supererogation as it would be to give a favorable notice of the Bible in the religious press. To say that it is the most complete and conveniently arranged text book of its kind, is to repeat what each generation of students has learned as a tradition of the elders, and verified by personal experience. — N. Y. Med. Gazette, Dec. 17, 1870. VMITH [HENRY H.), M.D., and JJORNER ( WILLIAM E.), M.D., Prof . of Surgery in the Univ. of Penna.,&c. Late Prof . of Anatomy in the Univ. of Penna., Ac. AN ANATOMICAL ATLAS, illustrative of the Structure of the Human Body. In one volume, large imperial octavo, extra cloth, with about six hundred and fifty beautiful figures. $4 50. The plan of this Atlas, which renders it so pecu- 1 the kind that has yet appeared; and we must add, liarly convenient for the student, and its superb ar- | the very beautiful manner in which it is "got up," tietical execution, have been already pointed out. We is so creditable to the country as to be flattering to must congratulate the student upou the completion our national pride. — American MedicalJournal. of this Atlas, as it is the most convenient work of I UHARPEY ( WILLIAM), M.I)., and Q UAIN (JONES fr RICHARD). HUMAN ANATOMY. Revised, with Notes and Additions, by Joseph Leidv, M.D., Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. Complete in two large octavo volumes, of about 1300 pages, with 511 illustrations; extra cloth, $6 00. The very low price of this standard work, and its completeness in all departments of the subjeot, should command for it a place in the library of all anatomical students. fTOBVES, (RICHARD M.), M.D., ■*-■*- Late Demonstrator of Aimtomy in the Medical Department of Harvard University. PRACTICAL DISSECTIONS. Second Edition, thoroughly revised. In one neat royal 12mo. volume, half-bound, $2 00. The object of this work is to present to the anatomical student a clear and concise description of thnt which he is expected to observe in an ordinary couise of dissections. The author has endeavored to omit unnecessary details, and to present the subjeat in the form which many years' experience has shown him to be the most convenient and intelligible to the student. In the revision of the present edition, he has sedulously labored to render the volume more worthy of the favor with which it has heretofore been received. Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Anatomy). TUILSON [ERASMUS), F.R.S. fY A SYSTEM OF HUMAN ANATOMY, General and Special. Edited by W.H. Gobrecht, M.D., Professor of General and Surgical Anatomy in the Medical Col- lege of Ohio. Illustrated with three hundred and ninety-seven engravings on wood. In one large and handsome octavo volume, of over 600 large pages; extra cloth, $4 00; lea- ther, $5 00. The publisher trusts that the well-earned reputation of this long-established favorite will be more than maintained by the present edition. Besides a very thorough revision oy the author, it has been most carefully examined by the editor, and the efforts of both have been directed to in- troducing everything which increased experience in its use has suggested as desirable to render it a complete text-book for those seeking to obtain or to renew an acquaintance with Human Ana- tomy. The amount of additions which it has thus received may be estimated from the fact thai tho present edition contains over one-fourth more matter than the last, rendering a smaller type and an enlarged page requisite to keep the volume within a convenient size. The author has not only thus aaded largely to the work, but he has also made alterations throughout, wherever there appeared the opportunity of improving the arrangement or style, so as to present every fact in its most appropriate manner, and to render the whole as clear and intelligible as possible. The editor has exercised the utmost caution to obtain entire accuracy in the text, and has largely increased the number of illustrations, of which there are about one hundred and fifty more in this edition than in the last, thus bringing distinctly before the eye of the student everything of interest or importance. TJEATR [CHRISTOPHER), F. R. C. S., •*-*- Teacher of Operative Surgery in University College, London. PRACTICAL ANATOMY: A Manual of Dissections. From the Second revised and improved London edition. Edited, with additions, by W. W. Kesx, M. D., Lecturer on Pathological Anatomy in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. In one handsome royal 12mo. volume of 578 pages, with 247 illustrations. Extra cloth, $3 50 ; leather, $4 00. {Lately Published.) Dr. Keen, the American editor of this work, in his preface, says: "In presenting this American edition of 'Heath's Practical Anatomy,' I feel that I have been instrumental in supplying a want long felt for a real dissector's manual," and this assertion of its editor we deem is fully justified, after an examina- tion of its contents, for it is really an excellent work. Indeed, we do not hesitate to say, the best of its class with which we are acquainted ; resembling Wilson in terse and ciear description, excelling most of the so-called practical anatomical dissectors in the scope of tke subject and practical selected matter. . . . In reading this work, one is forcibly impressed with the great pains the author takes to impress the sub- ject upon the mind of the student. He is full of rare and pleasing little devices to aid memory in main- taining its hold upon the slippery slopes of anatomy. — St. Louis Med. and Sitrg. Journal, Mar. 10, 1871. It appears to us certain that, as a guide in dissec- tion, and as a work containing facts of anatomy in brief and easily understood form, this manual is eomplete. This work contains, also, very perfect illustrations of parts which can thus be more easily understood and studied; in this respect it compares favorably with works of much greater pretension. Such manuals of anatomy are always favorite works with medical students. We would earnestly recom- mend this one to their attention; it has excellences which make it valuable as a guide in dissecting, as well as in studying anatomy.— Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal, Jan. 1871. The first English edition was issued about six years ago, and was favorably received not only on account of the great reputation of its author, but also from its great value and excellence as a guide-book to the practical anatomist. The American edition has un- dergone some alterations and additions which will no doubt enhance its value materially. The conve- nience of the student has been carefully consulted in the arrangement of the text, and the directions given for the prosecution of certain dissections will be duly appreciated. — Canada Lancet, Feb. 1871. This is an excellent Dissector's Manual ; one which is not merely a descriptive manual of anatomy, but a guide to the student at the dissecting table, enabling him, though a beginner, to prosecute his work intel- ligently, and without assistance. The American edi- tor has made many valuable alterations and addi- tions to the original work.— Am. Journ. of Obstetrics. Feb. 1871. * JDELLAMY[E.), F.R.C.S. ^ THE STUDENT'S GUIDE TO SURGICAL ANATOMY: A Text- Book for Students preparing for their Pass Examination. With Engravings on wood. In one handsome royal 12mo. volume. {Preparing.) M ACLISE [JOSEPH). SURGICAL ANATOMY. By Joseph Maolise, Surgeon. In one volume, very large imperial quarto; with 68 large and splendid plates, drawn in the best style and beautifully colored, containing 190 figures, many of them the size of life; together with copious explanatory letter-press. Strongly and handsomely bound in extra cloth Price $14 00. $ions have hitherto, we think, been given. While che operator is shown every vessel and nerve where in operation is contemplated, the exact anatomist is refreshed by those clear and distinct dissections which every one must appreciate who has a particle of enthusiasm. The English medical press has quite exhausted the words of praise, in recommending this Boston Med. and Surg. Journ. We know of no work on surgical anatomy which can compete with it. — Lancet. The work of Maclise on surgical anatomy is of the highest value. In some respects it is the best publi- cation of its kind we have seen, and is worthy of a place in the libiary of any medical man, while the student could scarcely make a better investment than this.— The Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery. No such lithographic illustrations of surgical ei- admirable treatise.- H ARTSHORNE [HENRY), M.D., Professor of Hygiene, etc , in the Univ. of retina. HANDBOOK OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. tion, revised. In one royal 12mo. volume, with numerous illustrations. HORNER'S SPECIAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY. £ : ghth edition, extensively revised and modified. Second Ecli- {Preparing .) In 2 vols. 8vo., of over 1000 pages, with more than 300 wood-cuts ; extra cloth, $6 8Q> 8 Henry C. Lea's Publications — {Physiology). MARSHALL {JOHN), F. R. S., J.U. Professor of Surgery in University College, London, &c. OUTLINES OF PHYSIOLOGY, HUMAN AND COMPARATIVE. With Addition? by Francis Gubney Smith, M. D., Professor of the Institutes of Medi- cine in the University of Pennsylvania, Ac. With numerous illustrations. In one large and handsome octavo volume, of 1026 pages, extra cloth, $6 50 : leather, raised bands, $7 50. In fact, in every respect, Mr. Marshall has present- ed us with a most complete, reliable, and scientific work, and we feel that it is worthy our warmest commendation. — St. Louis Med. Reporter, Jan. 1869. We doubt if there is in the English language any compend of physiology more useful to the student than this work.— St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal, Jan. 1869. It quite fulfils, in. our opinion, the author's design of making it truly educational in its character — which is, perhaps, the highest commendation that can be asked. — Am. Joum. Med. Sciences, Jan. 1869. We may now congratulate him on having com- pleted the latest as well as the best summary of mod- ern physiological science, both human and compara- tive, with which we are acquainted. To speak of this work in the terms ordinarily used on such occa- sions would not be agreeable to ourselves, and would fail to do justice to its author. To write such a book requires a varied and wide range of knowledge, con- siderable power of analysis, correct judgment, skill in arrangement, and conscientious spirit. — London Lancet, Feb. 22, 1868. There are few, if any, more accomplished anatomists and physiologists than the distinguished professor of sui'gery at University College ; and he has long en- joyed the highest reputation as a teacher of physiol- ogy, possessing remarkable powers of cleai exposition and graphic illustration. We have rarely the plea- sure of being able to recommend a text-booh so unre- servedly as this. — British Med. Journal, Jan 25, 1868. (1ARPENTER {WILLIAM B.), M.D., F.R.S., >y Examiner in Physiology and Comparative Anatomy in the University of London. PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY; with their chief appli- cations to Psychology, Pathology, Therapeutics, Hygiene and Forensic Medicine. A new American from the last and revised London edition. With nearly three hundred illustrations. Edited, with additions, by Francis Gurney Smith, M. D., Professor of the Institutes of Medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, &c. In one very large and beautiful octavo volume, of about 900 large pages, handsomely printed ; extra cloth, $5 50; leather, raised bands, $6 50. We doubt not it is destined to retain a strong hold on public favor, and remain the favorite text-book in our colleges. — Virginia Medical Journal. With Dr. Smith, we confidently believe "that the present will more than sustain the enviable reputa- tion already attained by former editions, of being one of the fullest and most complete treatises on the subject in the English language." We know of none from the pages of which a satisfactory knowledge of the physiology of the human organism can be as well obtained, none better adapted for the use of such as take up the study of physiology in its reference to the institutes and practice of medicine. — Am. Jour. Med. Sciences. The above is the title of what is emphatically the great work on physiology ; and we are conscious that it would be a useless effort to attempt to add any- thing to the reputation of this invaluable work, and can only say to all with whom our opinion has any influence, that it is our authority. — Atlanta Med. Journal. DF THE SAME AUTHOR. PRINCIPLES OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY. New Ameri- can, from the Fourth and Revised London Edition. In one large and handsome octavo volume, with over three hundred beautiful illustrations. Pp. 752. Extra cloth, $5 00. As a complete and condensed treatise on its extended and important subject, this work becomes a necessity to students of natural science, while the very low price at which it is offered places it within the reach of all. JflRKES ( WILLIAM SENHOUSE), M.D. A MANUAL OF PHYSIOLOGY. Edited by W. Morrant Baker, M.D., F.R.C.S. A new American from the eighth and improved London edition. With about two hundred and fifty illustrations. In one large and handsome royal 12mo. vol- ume. Cloth, $3 25; leather, $3 75. {Now Ready.) Kirkes' Physiology has long been known as a concise and exceedingly convenient text-book, presenting within a narrow compass all that is important, for the student. The rapidity with which successive editions have followed each other in England has enabled the editor to keep it thoroughly on a level Avith the changes and new discoveries made in the science, and the eighth edition, of which the present is a reprint, has appeared so recently that it may be regarded as the latest accessible exposition of the subject. On the whole, there is very little in the book Which either the student or practitioner will notflnd of practical value and consistent with our present knowledge of this rapidly changing science ; and we have no hesitation In expressing our opinion that this eighth edition is one of the best handbooks on Togy which we have in our language. — N. Y. Mai. Record, April 15, L87S. Tims volume might well he used to replace many of the physiological text-books in use In this coun- try. It represents more accurately than the works Of Dalton or Flint, the present state of our kuowl- edge of most physiological questions, while it is much less bulky and far more readable lhan the lar- ger text-books of Carpenter or Marshall. The book is admirably adapted to be placed in the hands of students. — Boston Med. and Surg. Joum., April 10, 1873. In its enlarged form it is, in our opinion, still the best book mi physiology, most useful to the student. —Phi/a. Med. Times, Aug. 30, 1873. This is undoubtedly the host work for students of physiology extant. — Cincinnati Med. News, Sept. '73 li more yearly represents the present condition of physiology than any other text-hook on the subject.— Detroit Rev. of Med. Pharm., Nov. 1873. Henry C. Lea's Publications — {Physiology). f)ALTON {J. C.), M.D., -*S Professor of Physiology in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, &c. A TREATISE ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. Designed for the use of Students and Practitioners of Medicine. Fifth- edition, revised, with nearly three hun- dred illustrations on wood. In one very beautiful octavo volume, of over 700 pages, extra cloth, $5 25 ; leather, $6 25. (Just Issued.) Preface to the Fifth Edition. In preparing the present edition of this work, the general plan and arrangement of the previous editions have been retained, so far as they have been found useful and adapted to the purposes of a text-book for students of medicine. The incessant advance of all the natural and physical sciences, never more active than within the last five years, has furnished many valuable aids to the special investigations of the physiologist ; and the progress of physiological research, during the same period, has required a careful revision of the entire work, and the modification or re- arrangement of many of its parts. At this day, nothing is regarded as of any value in natural science which is not based upon direct and intelligible observation or experiment ; and, accord- ingly, the discussion of doubtful or theoretical questions has been avoided, as a general rule, in the present volume, while new facts, from whatever source, if fully established, have been added and incorporated with the results of previous investigation. A number of new illustrations have been introduced, and a few of the older ones, which seemed to be no longer useful, have been omitted. In all the changes and additions thus made, it has been the aim of the writer to make the book, in its present form, a faithful exponent of the actual conditions of physiological science. New York, October, 1S71. In this, the standard text-book on Physiology, all that is needed to maintain the favor with which it is regarded by the profession, is the author's assurance that it has been thoroughly revised and brought up to a level with the advanced science of the day. To accomplish this has required some enlargement of the work, but no advance has been made in the price. The fifth, edition of this truly valuable work on Human Physiology comes to us with many valuable improvements and additions. As a text-book of physiology the work of Prof. Dalton has long been well known as one of the best which could be placed in the hands of student or practitioner. Prof. Dalton has, in the several editions of his work heretofore published, labored to keep step with the ad vaacement in science, and the last edition shows by its improve- ments on former ones that he is determined to main- tain the high standard of his work. We predict for the present edition increased favor, though this work has long been the favorite standard. — Buffalo Med. and Surg. Journal, April, 1872. An extended notice of a work so generally and fa- vorably known as this is unnecessary. It is justly regarded as one of the most valuable text-books on the subject in the English language. — St. Louit Med. Archives, May, 1872. We know no treatise in physiology so clear, com- plete, well assimilated, and perfectly digested, as Button's. He never writes cloudily or dubiously, or in mere quotation. He assimilates all his material, and from it constructs a homogeneous transparent argument, which is always honest and well informed, and hides neither truth, ignorance, nor doubt, so far as either belongs to the subject in hand. — Brit. Med. Journal, March 23, 1872. Dr. Dalton's treatise is well known, and by many highly esteemed in this country. It is, indeed, a good elementary treatise on the subject it professes to teach, and may safely be put into the hands of Eng- lish students. It has one great merit — it is clear, and, on the whole, admirably illustrated. The part we have always esteemed most highly is that relating to Embryology. The diagrams given of the various stages of development give a clearer view of the sub- ject than do those in general use in this country ; and the text may be said to be, upon the whole, equally clear. — London Med. Times and Gazette, March 23, 1872. Dalton's Physiology ia already, and deservedly, the favorite text-book of the majority of American medical students. Treating a most interesting de- partment of science in his own peculiarly lively and fascinating style, Dr. Dalton carries his reader along without effort, and at the same time impresses upon his mind the truths taught much more successfully than if they were buried beneath a multitude of words.— Kansas City Med. Journal, April, 1872. Professor Dalton is regarded j ustly as the authority in this country on physiological subjects, and the fifth edition of his valuable work fully justifies the exalted opinion the medical world has of his labors. This last edition is greatly enlarged.— Virginia Clin- ical Record, April, 1872. D VNOLISON (ROBLEY), M.D., Professor of Institutes of Medicine in Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. Eighth edition. Thoroughly revised and extensively modified and enlarged, with five hundred and thirty-two illustrations. In two large and handsomely printed octavo volumes of about 1500 pages, extra cloth. $7 00. TEHMANN{C. G.). PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. Translated from the second edi- tion by G-eorge B. Day, M. D., F. R. S., Ac, edited by R. E. Rogers, M. D., Professor of Chemistry in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, with illustrations selected from Funke"s Atlas of Physiological Chemistry, and an Appendix of plates. Com- plete in two large and handsome octavo volumes, containing 1200 pages, with nearly two hundred illustrations, extra cloth. $6 00. •p Y THE SAME AUTHOR. MANUAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSIOLOGY. Translated from the German, with Notes and Additions, by J. Cheston Morris, M.D., with an Introductory Essay on Vital Force, by Professor Samuel Jackson, M. D., of the University of Pennsyl- vania. With illustrations on wood. In one very handsome octavo volume of 336 pages, extra cloth. $2 25. 10 Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Chemistry). \TTFIELD {JOHN), Ph.D., Professor of Practical Chemistry to the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, &-c. CHEMISTRY, GENERAL, MEDICAL, AND PHARMACEUTICAL ; including the Chemistry of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia. A Manual of the General Principles of the Science, and their Application to Medicine and Pharmacy. Fifth Edition, revised by the author. In one handsome royal 12mo. volume ; cloth, $2 75 ; leather, $3 75. (Just Ready.) We commend the work heartily as one of the hest text-hooks extant for the medical student.— Detroit Xev. of Med. and Pharm., Feh. 1872. The hest work of the kind in the English language. — it. Y. Psychological Journal, Jan. 1872. The work is constructed with direct reference to the wants of medical and pharmaceutical students; and, although an English work, the points of differ- ence hetween the BriFish and United States Pharma- copoeias are indicated, making it as useful here as in England. Altogether, the book is one we can heart- ily recommend to practitioners as well as students. —N. Y. Med. Journal, Dec. 1871. Ir differs from other text-hooks in the following particulars : first, in the exclusion of matter relating to compounds which, at present, are only of interest to the scientific chemist ; secondly, in containing the chemistry of every substance recognized officially or in general, as a remedial agent. It will be found a most valuable book for pupils, assistants, and others engaged in medicine and pharmacy, and we heartily commend it to our readers. — Canada Lancet, Oct. 1871. When the original English edition of this work was published, we had occasion to express our high ap- preciation of its worth, and also to review, in con- siderable detail, the main features of the book. As the arrangement of subjects, and the main part of the text of the present edition are similar to the for- mer publication, it will be needless for us to go over the ground a second time ; we may, however, call at- tention to a marked advantage possessed by the Ame- rican work— we allude to the introduction of the chemistry of the preparations of the United States Pharmacopoeia, as well as that relating to the British authority. — Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal, Nov. 1871. Chemistry has borne the name of being a hard sub- ject to master by the student of medicine, and chiefly because. so much of it consists of compounds only of interest to the scientific chemist ; in this work such portions are modified or altogether left out, and in the arrangement of the subject-matter of the work, practical utility is sought after, and we think fully attained. W«e commend it for its clearness and order to both teacher and pupil. — Oregon Med. and Surg: Reporter, Oct. 1871. -DLOXAM {C. L.), J-* Professor of Chemistry in King's College, London. CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC AND ORGANIC. From the Second Lon- don Edition. In one very handsome octavo volume, of 700 pages, with about 300 illustra- tions. Cloth, $4 50 j leather, $5 50. (Just Heady.) It has been the author's endeavor to produce a Treatise on Chemistry sufficiently comprehen- sive for those studying the science as a branch of general education, and one which a student may use with advantage in pursuing his chemical studies at one of the colleges or medical schools. The special attention devoted to Metallurgy and some other branches of Applied Chemistry renders the work especially useful to those who are being educated for employment in manufacture. It would be difficult for a practical chemist and teacher to find any material fault with this most ad- mirable treatise. The author has given us almost a cyclopedia "Within the limits of aconvenientvolume, and lias done so without penning the tiseless para- graphs too commonly making up a great part of the bulk of many cumbrous works. The progressive sci- entist is not disappointed when he looks for the record of new and valuable processes and discoveries, while the cautious conservative does not find its pages mo- nopolized by uncertain theories and speculations. A peculiar point of excellence is the crystallized form of -iou in which great truths are expressed iu very short paragraphs. One is surprised at the brief space allotted to an important topic, and yet, after reading it, he feels that little, if any more, should have been said. Altogether, it is seldom you see a text-book so nearly faultless.- Cincinnati Lancet, tfov. 1873. Professor Bloxam has given us a most excellent and useful practical treatise. His 666 pages are crowded with facts and experiments, nearly all well chosen, and many quite new, even to scientific men. . . . It is astonishing how much information he ciften conveys in a few paragraphs. We might quote fifty instances of this. — Chemical News. DUNG {WILLIAM), Lecturer on Chemistry at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Ac. A COURSE OF PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, arranged for the Use of Medical Students. With Illustrations. From the Fourth and Revised London Edition. In one neat royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth. $2. (Lately Issued.) 61 ALLOW AY {ROBERT), F.C.S., T l'rof. of Applied OhemiBtry in the Eoyal College of Science for Ireland, &c. A MANUAL OF QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. From the Fifth Lon- don Edition. In one neat royal 12mo. volume, with illustrations ; extra cloth, $2 50. (Just Issued.) The success which hns carried this work through repeated editions in England, and its adoption as a leXt-book in several of the leading institutions in this country, show that the author has suc- ceeded in the endeavor to produce a sound praotical manual and book of referenoe for the otae- inieiil student. Prof Oalloway'i hooks are deservedly in high We regard this volume as a valuable addition to ftn d this American reprint of the fifth edition the chemical text-hooks, and as particularly calcu- Maoual of Qualitative Analysis, will he lated to instinct the .student in analytical researches ible to many America d students to whom the of the Inorganic compounds, the Important vegetable I, edition La nol accessible.— Am. Jour, of Sci- acids, and of compounds and various secretions and nd Arts, Sept. 1S72. excretions of auimal origin.— Am. Journ. of Pharm., Sept. 1872. Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Chemistry, Pharmacy, &c). 11 (1HANDLER {CHARLES F.). and pHANDLER {WILLIAM H), v> Prof, of Chemistry in the 2?. T. Coll. of V^ Prof, of Chemistry in the Lehigh Pharmacy. " University. THE AMERICAN CHEMIST: A Monthly Journal of Theoretical, Analytical, and Technical Chemistry. Each number averaging forty large doable col- umned pages of reading matter. Price $5 per annum in advance. Single numbers, 50 cts. 0^- Specimen numbers to parties proposing to subscribe will be sent to any address on receipt of 25 cents. *^* Subscriptions can begin with any number. The rapid growth of the Science of Chemistry and its infinite applications to other sciences and arts render a journal specially devoted to the subject a necessity to those whose pursuits require familiarity with the details of the science. It has been the aim of the conductors of "The American Chemist" to supply this want in its broadest sense, and the reputation which the periodical has already attained is a sufticient evidence of the zeal and ability with which they have discharged their task. Assisted by an able body of collaborators, their aim is to present, within a moderate compass, an abstract of the progress of the science in all its departments, scientific and technical. Import- ant original communications and selected papers are given in full, and the standing of the " Chem- ist" is such as to secure the contributions of leadih* men in all portions of the country. Besides this, over one hundred journals and transactions of learned societies in America, Great Britain, France, Belgium, Italy, Russia, and Germany are carefully scrutinized, and whatever they offer of interest is condensed and presented to the reader. In this work, which forms a special feature of the "Chemist," the editors have the assistance of M. Alsberg, Ph.D., Prof. G. P. Barker, T. U. Blossom, E.M., H. C. Bolton, Ph.D., Prof. T. Egleston, E.M , H. Endemann, Ph.D., Prof. C. A. Goessmann, Ph.D.,S. A. Goldschmidt, A.M., E.M., E. J. Hallock. Prof. C. A. Joy, Ph.D., J. P. Kimball, Ph.D., 0. G. Mason, H. Newton, E.M., Prof. Frederick Prime, Jr., Prof. Paul Schweitzer, Ph.D., Waldron Shapleigh, Romyn Hitchcock, and Elwyn Waller, E.M. From the thoroughness and completeness with which this department is conducted, it is believed that no periodical in either hemisphere more faithfully reflects the progress of the science, or presents a larger or more carefully garnered store of information to its readers. OWNES {GEORGE), Ph.D. A MANUAL OF ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY; Theoretical and Practical. With one hundred and ninety-seven illustrations. A new American, from the tenth and revised London edition. Edited by Robert Bridges, M. D. In one large royal 12mo. volume, of about 850 pp., extra cloth, $2 75 ; leather, $3 25. {Lately Issued.) This work is so well known that it seems almost other work that has greater claims on the physician, superfluous for us to speak about it. It has been a \ pharmaceutist, or student, than this. We cheerfully favorite text-book with medical students for years, i recommend it as the best text-book on elementary and its popularity has in no respect diminished. I chemistry, and bespeak for it the careful attention Whenever we have been consulted by medical stu- { of students of pharmacy.— Chicago Pharmacist, Aug. dents, as ha6 frequently occurred, what treatise on I 1869. chemistry they should procure, we have always re- j commended Fownes', for we regarded it as the best. ' Here is a new edition which has been long watched There is no work that combines so many excellen- i for D 7 eager teachers of chemistry. In its new garb, ces. It is of convenient size, not prolix, o'f plain! and under the editorship of Mr. Watts, it has resumed perspicuous diction, contains all the most recent i its olf pharmaceutic substances or appliances which has not been clearly and carefully discussed in this vol- ume. "Want of space prevents our enlarging further on this valuable work, and we must conclude by & simple expression of our hearty appreciation of its merits.— Dublin Quarterly Jour, of Medical Scien' e, August, 1864. QTILLE {ALFRED), M.D., *3 Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine in the University of Penna. THERAPEUTICS AND MATERIA MEDICA; a Systematic Treatise on the Action and Uses of Medicinal Agents, including their Description and History Fourth edition, revised and enlarged. In two large and handsome octavo volumes. {Pre- paring. ) Dr. Stille's splendid work on therapeutics and ma- ( abroad its reputation as a standard treatise on Materia teria medica.— London Med. Times, April 8, 1865. j Medica is securely established. It is second to no Dr. Stille stands to-day one of the best and most honored representatives at home and abroad, of Ame- rican medicine ; and these volumes, a library in them- selves, a treasure-house for every studious physician, assure his fame even had he done nothing more. — The Western Journal of Medicine, Dec. 1868. We regard this work as the best one on Materia Medica in the English language, and as such it de- serves the favor it has received. — Am. Journ. Medi- cal Sciences, July 1868. We need not dwell on the merits of the third edition of this magnificently conceived work. It is the work on Materia Medica, in which Therapeutics are prima- rily considered — the mere natural history of drugs being briefly disposed of. To medical practitioners this is a very valuable conception. It is wonderful how much of the riches of the literature of Materia Medica lias been condensed into this book. The refer- ences alone would make it worth possessing. But it is not a mere compilation. The writer exercises a good judgment of his own on the great doctrines and points of Therapeutics For purposes of practice, Stille's book is almost unique as a repertory of in- formation, empirical and scientific, on the actions and I Shipj^tii safe to 'say we" hav7not"l)ingsuperior. I uses of medicines.— London Lancet, Oct. 81, 1868. I PXCee( Hngly full, and the busy practitioner will find Through the former editions, the professional world ample suggestions upon almost every important point Is well acquainted with this work. At home and ! of therapeutics. — Cincinnati Lancet, Aug. 1868. work on the subject in the English tongue, and, in- deed, is decidedly superior, in some respects, to any other. — Pacific Med. and Surg. Journal, July, 1868. Stille^s Therapeutics is incomparably the best work on the subject.— N. Y. Med. Gazette, Sept. 26, 1868. Dr. Stille's work is becoming the best known of any of our treatises on Materia Medica. . . . One of the most valuable works in the language on the subjects of which it treats.— iV. y. Med. Journal, Oct. 1868. The rapid exhaustion of two editions of Prof. Stille's scholarly work, and the consequent necessity for a third edition, is sufficient evidence of the high esti- mate placed upon it by the profession. It is no exag- geration to say that there is no superior work upon the subject in the English language. The present edition is fully up to the most recent advance in the science aud art of therapeutics. — Leavenworth Medi- cal Herald, Aug. 1868. The work of Prof. Stille" has rapidly taken a high place in professional esteem, and to say that a third edition is demanded aud now appears before us, suffi- ciently attests the firm position this treatise has made ! for itself. As a work of great research, and scholar- QRIFFITH {ROBERT E.) } M.D. A UNIVERSAL FORMULARY, Containing the Methods of Pre- paring and Administering Officinal and other Medicines. The whole adapted to Physicians and I'hnnnaceutists. Third edition, thoroughly revised, with numerous additions, bj John M. MA1S0H, Professor of Materia Medica in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. In (me large and handsome octavo volume of about 800 pages. {Nearly Ready) Under tho care of Prof. Qlaisoh this favorite work has been thoroughly revised, introducing all th<- ohangee prescribed in the new editions of the Pharmacopoeias of the U. States, Great Britain, Prance, Qermany, &0. Notwithstanding the omission of nil mutter rendered obsolete by the ad- vance of science, and lh(< mosl careful condensation, the volume will be found enlarged by nearly one hundred and fifty pages. We know of aone to our Language, oi any other, bo comprehensive Id its details. — London Lancvt. One of the most complete works of the kind In any language. — Edinburgh Med. Journal, We are not cognizant of the existence of a parallel work. — London Med. Gazette. Henry C. Lea's Publications — {Mat. Bled, and Therapeutics). 13 p ERE IRA [JONATHAN), M.D., F.R.S. and L.S. ~ MATERIA MEDIC A AND THERAPEUTICS; being an Abridg- ment of the late Dr. Pereira's Elements of Materia Medica, arranged in conformity with the British Pharmacopoeia, and adapted to the use of Medical Practitioners, Chemists and Druggists, Medical and Pharmaceutical Students, &c. By F. J. Farre, M.P , Senior Physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and London Editor of the British Pharmacopoeia ; assisted hy Robert Bentley, M.R.C.S., Professor of Materia Medica and Botany to the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain; and by Robert Warington, F.R.S., Chemical Operator to the Society of Apothecaries. With numerous additions and references to the United States Pharmacopoeia, by Horatio C. Wood, M.D., Professor of Botany in the University of Pennsylvania. In one large and handsome octavo volume of 1040 closely printed pages, with 236 illustrations, extra cloth, $7 00 ; leather, raised bands, $8 00 The task of the American editor has evidently been no sinecure, for not only has he given to us all that Is contained in the abridgment useful for our pur- poses, but by a careful and judicious embodiment of o^er a hundred new remedies has increased the size of the former work fully one-third, besides adding many new illustrations, some of which are original. We unhesitatingly say that by so doing he has pro- portionately increased the value, not only of the con- densed edition, but has extended the applicability of the great original, and has placed his medical coun- trymen under lasting obligations to him. The Ame- rican physician now has all that is needed in the shape of a complete treatise on materia medica, and the medical student has a text-book which, for prac- tical utility and intrinsic worth, stands unparalleled. Although of considerable size, it is none too large for the purposes for which it has been intended, and every medical man should, in justice to himself, spare a place for it upon his book-shelf, resting assured that the more he consults it the better he will be satisfied of its excellence. — N. Y. Med. Record, Nov. 15, 1866. It will fill a place which no other work can occupy iu the library of the physician, student, and apothe- cary. — Boston Med. and Surg. Journal, Nov. 8, 1866. Of the many works on Materia Medica which have appeared since the issuing of the British Pharmaco- poeia, none will be more acceptable to the student and practitioner than the present. Pereira's Materia Medica had long ago asserted for itself the position of being the most complete work on the subject in the English language. But its very completeness stood in the way of its success. Except in the way of refer- ence, or to those who made a special study of Materia Medica, Dr. Pereira's work was too full, and its pe- rusal required an amount of time which few had at their disposal. Dr. Farre has very j adiciously availed himself of the opportunity of the publication of the new Pharmacopoeia, bybrinaringout an abridged edi- tion of the great work. This edition of Pereira is by no means a mere abridged re-issue, but contains many improvements, both in the descriptive and thera- peutical departments. We can recommend it as a very excellent and reliable text-book. — Edinburgh Med. Journal, February, 1866. The reader cannot fail to be impressed, at a glance, with the exceeding value of this work as a compend of nearly all useful knowledge on the materia medica. We are greatly indebted to Professor Wood for his adaptation of it to our meridian. Without his emen- dations and additions it would lose much of its value to the American student. With them it is an Ameri- can book. — Pacific Medical and Surgical Journal, December, 1866. ]j]LLIS [BENJAMIN), M.D. THE MEDICAL FORMULARY: being a Collection of Prescriptions derived from the writings and practice of many of the most eminent physicians of America and Europe. Together with the usual Dietetic Preparations and Antidotes for Poisons. The whole accompanied with a few brief Pharmaceutic and Medical Observations. Twelfth edi- tion, carefully revised and much improved by Albert H. Smith, M. D. In one volume 8v®. of 376 pages, extra cloth, $3 00. {Lately Published.) This work has remained for some time out of print, owing to the anxious care with which the Editor has sought to render the present edition worthy a continuance of the very remarkable favor which has carried the volume to the unusual honor of a Twelfth Edition. He has sedu- lously endeavored to introduce in it all new preparations and combinations deserving of confidence, besides adding two new classes, Antemetics and Disinfectants, with brief references to the inhalation of atomized fluids, the nasal douche of Thudichum, suggestions upon the method of hypodermic injection, the administration of anaesthetics, &c. &<$. To accommodate these numerous additions, be has omitted much which the advance of science has rendered obsolete or of minor importance, notwithstanding which the volume has been increased by more than thirty pages. A new feature will be found in a copious Index of Diseases and their remedies, which cannot but increase the value of the work as a suggestive book of reference for the working practitioner. Every precaution has been taken to secure the typographical accuracy so necessary in a work of this nature, and it is hoped that the new edition will fully maintain the position which " Ellis' Formulary" has long occupied. fl ARSON {JOSEPH), M.D., **S Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacy in the University of Pennsylvania, &c. .SYNOPSIS OF THE COURSE OF LECTURES ON MATERIA MEDIGA AND PHARMACY, delivered in the University of Pennsylvania. With three Lectures on the Modus Operandi of Medicines. $3 00. Fourth and revised edition, extra cloth, DUNGLIS.ON'S NEW REMEDIES, WITH FORMULAE FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRA- TION. Seventh edition, with extensive additions. One vol. Svo., pp. 770; extra cloth. $4 00. BOYLE'S MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEU- TICS. Edited by Joseph Carson, M. D. With ninety-eight illustrations. 1 vol. 8vo., pp. 700, ex- tra cloth. $3 00. CHRISTISON'S DISPENSATORY. With copious ad- ditions, and 213. large wood-engravings. By R. Eqlesfeld Griffith, M.D. One vol. Svo., pp. 1000 ; extra cloth. $4 00. CARPENTER'S PRIZE ESSAY ON THE USE OF Alcoholic Liquors in Health and Disease. New edition, with a Preface by D. F. Condie, M.D., and explanations of scientific words. In one neat 12mo. volume, pp. 178, extra cloth. 60 cents. De JONGH ON THE THREE KINDS OF COD-LITES Oil, with their Chemical and Therapeutic Pro- perties 1 vol. 12mo., cloth. 75 cents. 14 Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Pathology, &c). TflENWICK {SAMUEL), M.D., Assistant Physician to the London Hospital. THE STUDENT'S GUIDE TO MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS. From the Third Revised and Enlarged English Edition. With eighty-four illustrations on wood. In one very handsome volume, royal 12mo., cloth, $2 25. {Just Ready.) The very great success which this work has obtained in England, shows that it has supplied an admitted want among elementary books for the guidance of students and junior practitioners. Taking up'm order each portion of the body or class of disease, the author has endeavored to present in simple language the value of symptoms, so as to lead the student to a correct appreci- ation of the pathological changes indicated by them. The latest investigations have been care- fully introduced into the present edition, so that it may fairly be considered as on a level with the most advanced condition of medical science. The arrangement adopted may be seen from the subjoined CONDENSED SXJ3Viavr^.I^^- OIF CONTENTS. Cftapter I. Introductory. II. Diseases of the Heart and Pericardium- III. Diseases of the Lungs. IV. Diseases of the Throat and Larynx. V. Diseases of the Kidneys. VI. Diseases of the Liver. VII. Diseases of the Stomach. VIII. Diseases of the Peritoneum and Intestines. IX. Abdominal Tumors. X. Diseases of the Brain. XI. Fevers. XII. Rheumatism and Gout. XIII. Diseases of the Skin. G RE EN (T. HENRY), M.D., Lecturer on Pathology and Morbid Anatomy at Charing-Oross Hospital Medical School. PATHOLOGY AND MORBID ANATOMY. With numerous Illus- trations on Wood. In one very handsome octavo volume of over 250 pages, extra cloth, $2 50. (Lately Published.) thology and morbid anatomy. The author shows that he has been not only a student of the teachings of his confreres in this brunch of science, but a practical and conscientious laborer in the post-mortem cham- ber. The work will prove a useful one to the great mass of students and practitioners whose time for de- votion to this class of studies is limited. — Am. Journ. of Syphilography, April, 1S72. We have been very much pleased by our perusal of this little volume. It is the only one of the kind with which we are acquainted, and practitioners as well as students will find it a very useful guide ; for the information is up to the day, well and compactly ar- ranged, without being at all scanty. — London Lan- cet, Oct. 7, 1871. It embodies in a comparatively small space a clear statement of the present state of our knowledge of pa- GLUGE'S ATLAS OF PATHOLOGICAL HISTOLOGY. Translated, with Notes and Additions, by Josepk Leidt, M. D. In one volume, very large imperial quarto, with 320 copper-plate figures, plain and colored, extra cloth. $4 00. SIMON'S GENERAL PATHOLOGY, as conducive t< the Establishment of Rational Principles for th« Prevention and Cure of Disease. In one octavo volume of 212 pages, extra cloth. $1 25. SOLLY ON THE HUMAN BRAIN ; its Structure, Phy- siology, and Diseases. From the Second and much enlarged London edition. In one octavo volume of 500 pages, with 120 wood-cuts; extra cloth. $2 50. LA ROCHE ON YELLOW FEVER, considered in its Historical, Pathological, Etiological, and Therapeu- tical Relations. In two large and handsome octavo volumes of nearly 1500 pages, extra cloth. $7 00. HOLLAND'S MEDICAL NOTES AND REFLEC- TIONS. 1 vol. Svo., pp. 500, extra cloth. $3 50. WHAT TO OBSERVE AT THE BEDSIDE AND AFTER Death in Medical Cases. Published under the authority of the London Society for Medical Obser- vation. From the second London edition. 1 vol. royal 12mo., extra cloth. $1 00. LAYCOCK'S LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES and Methods of Medical Observation and Re- search. For the use of advanced students and junior pi-actitioners. In one very neat royal 12mo, volume, extra cloth. $1 00. G ROSS (SAMUEL D.), M. D., Professor of Surgery in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. ELEMENTS OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY. Third edition, thoroughly revised and greatly improved. In one large and very handsome octavo volume of nearly 800 pages, with about three hundred and fifty beautiful illustrations, of whioh a large number are from original drawings ; extra cloth. $4 00. TONES (C. HANDFIELD), F.R.S., and SIEVEKINO {ED. H. *J Assistant Physicians and Lecturers in St. Mary's Hospital. M.D., Assistant Physi A MANUAL OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY. First American edition, revised. With three hundred and ninety-seven handsome wood engravings. In one large and beautifully printed octavo volume of nearly 750 pages, extra cloth, $3 50. CfTUR&ES (OCT A VI US), MJ). Cantab. O , . How of tf>e R., J- Holme Pmf, of clinical Mid., University Coll., London. THE DISEASES OV THE STOMACH: Being the Third Edition of the "Diagnosis and Treatment of the Varieties of Dyspepsia." Revised and Enlarged. With illustrations. In one handsome octavo volume. iff,.* Publishing in the "Medical Nkws and Library" for 1873 and 1874. teditl r Dr Wllaon Fox's very ad mi« I Pr. Pox has rut forth a volume of uncommon «• tablework differi fi<>m ibe preceding in thai it deala celleace, which we feel very sure will take a btgh w ,,, tber maladies than dy«pep»la only.— London r;mi< among works that treat of the »tomach. — Am. Med. Timet, Pel). 8, 1873. | Practitioner, March, 1873. Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Diseases of Lungs and Heart). 17 JPLINT {AUSTIN), M.D., *- Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine in Bellevue Hospital Med. College, K Y. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DIAGNOSIS, PATHOLOGY, AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE HEART. Second revised and enlarged edition. In one octavo volume of 550 pages, with a plate, extra cloth, $4. (Just Isstied.) The author has sedulously improved the opportunity afforded him of revising this work. Portions of it have been rewritten, and the whole brought up to a level with the most advanced condition of science. It must therefore continue to maintain its position as the standard treatise on the subject. Dr. Flint chose a difficult subject for his researches, j able for purposes of illustration, in connection with and has shown remarkable powers of observation cases which have been reported by other trustworthy r - J .-Chirurg. Review. and reflection, as well as great industry, in his trea ment of it. His book must be considered the fullest and clearest practical treatise on those subjects, and should be in the hands of all practitioners and stu- dents. It is a credit to American medical literature. — Amer. Journ. of the Med. Sciences, July, 1S60. We question the fact of any recent American author In our profession being more extensively known, or more deservedly esteemed in this country than Dr. Flint. We willingly acknowledge his success, more particularly in the volume on diseases of the heart, In making an extended personal clinical study avail- observers. — Brit, and For. In regard to the merits of the work, we have no hesitation in pronouncing it full, accurate, and judi- cious. Considering the present state of science, such a work was much needed. It should be in the hands of every practitioner. — Chicago Med. Journ. With more than pleasure do we hail the advent of this work, for it fills a wide gap on the list of text- books for our schools, and is, for the practitioner, the most valuable practical work of its kind. — N. 0. Med. News. DF THE SAME AUTHOR. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE PHYSICAL EXPLORA- TION OF THE CHEST AND THE DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES AFFECTING THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. Second and revised edition. In one handsome octavo volume of 595 pages, extra cloth, $4 50. which pervades his whole work lend an additional force to its thoroughly practical character, which cannot fail to obtain for it a place as a standard work on diseases of the respiratory system. — London Lancet, Jan. 19, 1867. This is an admirable book. Excellent in detail and execution, nothing better could be desired by the practitioner. Dr. Flint enriches his subject with much solid and not a little original observation — Ranking' s Abstract, Jan. 1867. Dr. Flint's treatise i6 one of the most trustworthy guides which he can consult. The style is clear and distinct, and is also concise, being free from that tend- ency to over-refinement and unnecessary minuteness which characterizes many works on the same sub- ject.— Dublin Medical Press, Feb. 6, 1867. The chapter on Phthisis is replete with interest ; and his remarks on the diagnosis, especially in the early stages, are remarkable for their acumen and great practical value. Dr. Flint's style is ciear and elegant, and the tone of freshness and originality FULLER {HENRY WILLIAM), 31. D., -*• Physician to St. George's Hospital, London. ON DISEASES OF THE LUNGS AND AIR-PASSAGES. Their Pathology, Physical Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Treatment. From the second and revised English edition. In one handsome octavo volume of about 500 pages, extra cloth, $3 50. Dr. Fuller's work on diseases of the chest was so i accordingly we have what might be with perfect jus- tice styled an entirely new work from his pen, the portion of the work treating of the heart and great vessels being excluded. Nevertheless, this volume is of almost equal size with the first. — London Medical Times and Gazette, July 2C, 1867. favorably received, that to many who did not know the extent of his engagements, it was a matter of won- der that it should be allowed to remain three years out of print. Determined, however, to improve it, Dr. Fuller would not consent to a mere reprint, and w 1LLIAMS [C. J. B.), M.D., Senior Consulting Physician to the Hospital for Consumption, Brompton, and LLIAMS {CHARLES T.), M.I)., Physician to the Hospital for Consumption. PULMONARY CONSUMPTION; Its Nature, Varieties, and Treat- ment. With an Analysis of One Thousand cases to exemplify its duration. In one neat octavo volume of about 350 pages, extra cloth. (Just Issued.) $2 50. He can still speak from a more enormous experi- ence, and a closer study of the morbid processes in- volved iu tuberculosis, than mo6t living men. He owed it to himself, and to the importance of the sub- ject, to embody his views in a separate work, and we are glad that he has accomplished this duty. After all, the grand teaching which Dr Williams has for the profession is to be found in his therapeutical chapters, and in the history of individual cases ex- tended, by dint of care, over ten, twenty, thirty, and 6ven forty years.— London Lancet, Oct. 21, 1871. His results are more favorable than those of any previous author; but probably there is no malady, the treatment of which has been so much improved within the last twenty years as pulmonary consump- tion. To ourselves, Dr. Williams's chapters on Treat- ment are amongst the most valuable and attractive in the book, and would alone render it a standard work of reference. In conclusion, we would record our opinion that Dr. Williams's great reputation is fully maintained by this book. It is undoubtedly one of the most valuable works in the language upon any special disease.— Lond. Med. Times and Gaz., Nov 4, 1871. LA ROCHE ON PNEUMONIA. 1 vol. 8vo., extra cloth, of 500 pages. Price $3 00. BUCKLER ON FIBRO-BRONCHITIS AND RHEU- MATIC PNEUMONIA. 1 vol. Svo. $1 25. FISKE FUND PRIZE ESSAYS ON CONSUMPTION. 1 vol 8vo,, extra cloth. $1 00. SMITH ON CONSUMPTION; ITS EARLY ANDRE- MEDIABLE STAGES. 1 vol. 8vo., pp. 254. $2 25. WALSHE ON THE DISEASES OF THE HEART AND GREAT VESSELS. Third American edition. In 1 vol. Svo., 420 pp., cloth. $3 00. 18 Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Practice of Medicine). ftOBERTS ( WILLIAM), M. D., *■ ** Lecturer on Medicine, in the Manchester School of Medicine, &c. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON URINARY AND RENAL DIS- EASES, including Urinary Deposits. Illustrated by numerous cases and engraving Sec- ond American, from the Second Revised and Enlarged London Edition. Tn one large and handsome octavo volume of 616 pages, with a colored plate ; extra cloth, $4 50. (Just Issued.) The author has subjected this work to a very thorough revision, and has sought to embody in it the results of the latest experience and investigations. Although every effort has been made to keep it within the limits of its former size, it has been enlarged by a hundred pages, many new wood-cuts have been introduced, and also a colored plate representing the appearance of the different varieties of urine, while the price has been retained at the former very moderate rate. In every respect it is therefore presented as worthy to maintain the position which it has acquired as a leading authority on a large, important, and perplexing class of affections. A few notices of the first edition are appended. The plan, it will thus be seen, is very complete, aril the maimer in -which it lias been carried out is in the highest degree satisfactory. The characters of the different deposits are very well described, and the microscopic appearances they present are illus- trated by numerous well executed eugravings It only remains to us to strongly recommend to our readers Dr. Roberts's work, as couiaining an admira- ble resume of the present state of knowledge of uri- nary diseases, and as a safe and reliable guide to the clinical observer. — Edin. Med. Jour. The most complete and practical treatise upon renal diseases we have examined. It is peculiarly adapted to the wants of the majority of American practition- ers from its clearness Hud simple announcement of the facts in relation to diagnosis and treatment of urinary disorders, and contains in condensed form the investi- gations of Bence Jones, Bird, Beale, Hassall, Prout, and a host of other well-known writers upon this sub- ject. The characters of urine, physiological aud pa- thological, as indicated to the naked eye as well as by microscopical and chemical investigations, are con- cisely represented both by description and by well executed engravings.— Cincinnati Journ. of Med. -DASH AM (W.R.), M.D., J-* Senior Physician to the Westminster Hospital, &c. RENAL DISEASES : a Clinical Guide to their Diagnosis and Treatment. With illustrations. In one neat royal 12mo. volume of 304 pages. $2 00. The chapters on diagnosis aud treatment are very good, and the student and young practitioner will find them full of valuable practical hints. The third part, on the urine, is excellent, and we cordially recommend its perusal. The author has arranged his matter in a somewhat novel, and, we think, use- ful form. Here everything can be easily found, and, what is more important, easily read, for all the dry details of larger books here acquire a new interest from the author's arrangement. This part of the book is full of good work.— Brit, and For. Medico- Chirurgical Review, July, 1870. The easy descriptions and compact modes of state- ment render the book pleasing and convenient. — Am. Journ. Med. Sciences, July, 1870. A book that we believe will be found a valuable assistant to the practitioner and guide to the student. — Baltimore Med. Journal, July, 1870. The treatise of Dr. Basham differs from the rest in its special adaptation to clinical study, and its con- densed and almost aphorismal style, which makes it easily read aud easily understood. Besides, the author expresses some new views, which are well worthy of consideration. The volume is a valuable addition to this department of knowledge. — Pacific Med. and Surg. Journal, July, 1870. MORLAND ON RETENTION IN THE BLOOD OP THE ELEMENTS OF THE URINARY SECRETION. 1 vol. 8vo., extra cloth. 75 cents. TONES (C. HANDFIELD), M. D., *S Physician to St. Mary's Hospital, &c. CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS DISORDERS. Second American Edition. extra cloth, $3 25. Taken as a whole, the work before ns furnishes a short but reliable account of the pathology and treat- ment of a class of very common but certainly highly obscure disorders. Theadvauced student will find it a rich mine of valuable facts, while the medical prac- titioner will derive from it many a suggestive hint to aid him in the diagnosis of "nervous cases," and in determining the true indications for their ameliora- tion or cure.— Amer. Journ. Med. Sci., Jan. 1867. ON FUNCTIONAL NERVOUS In one handsome octavo volume of 348 pages, We must cordially recommend it to the profession of this country as supplying, in a great measure, a deficiency which exists in the medical literature of the English language.— New York Med. Journ., April, 1867. The volume is a most admirable one— full of hints and practical suggestions. — Canada Med. Journal, April, 1867. S LADE (D. />.), M.D. DI PIITIIERIA ; its Nature and Treatment, with an account of the His- tory of its Prevalence in various Countries. Second and revised edition. In one neat royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth. $1 25. TTUDSON{A.)\ M. />., /I/. B. I.A., ■*--*- Physician to the Neath Hospital. LECTURES ON THE STUDY Cloth, $2 50. OF FEVER. In one vol. 8vo., extra TYONS {ROBERT D.), K. C. C. A TREATISE ON FEVER; or, Selections from a Course of Lectures on Fover. Being part of a Course of Theory and Praotieo of Medicine. In one neat octavo volume, of 362 pages, extra cloth. $2 2ft. Henry C. Lea's Publications — ( Venereal Diseases, etc.). 19 T>UMSTEAD {FREEMAN J.), M.D., J-* Professor of Venereal Diseases at the Col. of Phys. and Surg., New York, &c. THE PATHOLOGY AXD TREATMENT OF VENEREAL DIS- EASES. Including the results of recent investigations upon the subject. Third edition, revised and enlarged, with illustrations. In one large and handsome octavo volume of over 700 pages, extra cloth, $5 00; leather, $6 00. {Just Issued.) In preparing this standard work again for the press, the author has subjected it to a very thorough revision. Many portions have been rewritten, and much new matter added, in order to bring it completely on a level with the most advanced condition of syphilography, but by careful compression of the text of previous editions, the work has been increased by only sixty-four pages. The labor thus bestowed upon it, it is hoped, will insure for it a continuance of its position as a complete and trustworthy guide for the practitioner. It is the most complete book with which we are ac- quainted in the language. The latest views of the best authorities are put forward, and the information is well arranged — a great point for the student, and still more for the practitioner. The subjects of vis- ceral syphilis, syphilitic affections of the eyes, and the treatment of syphilis by repeated inoculations, are very fully discussed. — London Lancet, Jan. 7, 1S71. Dr. Bumstead's work is already so universally known as the best treatise in the English language on venereal diseases, that it may seem almost superflu- ous to say more of it than that a new edition has been issued. But the author's industry has rendered this new edition virtually a new work, and so merits as (1ULLERIER {A.), and v Surgeon to the Hdpital du 3fidi. much special commendation as if its predecessors had not been published. As a thoroughly practical book on a class of diseases which form a large share Oi nearly every physician's practice, the volume before us is bv far the best of which we have knowledge. — If. Y. Medical Gazette, Jan. 28, 1871. It is rare in the history of medicine to find any one book which contains all that a practitioner needs to know; while the possessor of "Bumstead on Vene- real" has no occasion to look outside of its covers for anything practical connected with the diagnosis, his- tory, or treatment of these affections. — If. Y. Medical Journal, March, 1871. 'OUMSTEAD {FREEMAN J.), -*-* Professor of Venerea I Diseases in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, If. Y. AX ATLAS OF YEXEREAL DISEASES. Translated and Edited by Freeman J. Bumstead. In cne large imperial 4to. volume of 328 pages, double-columns, with 26 plates, containing about 150 figures,, beautifully colored, many of them the size of life; strongly bound in extra cloth, $17 00 ; also, in five parts, stout wrappers for mailing, at $3 per part. (Lately Published.) Anticipating a very large sale for this work, it is offered at the very low price of Three Dol- lars a Part, thus placing it within the reach of all who are interested in this department of prac- tice. Gentlemen desiring early impressions of the plates would do well to order it without delay. A specimen of the plates and text sent free by mail, on receipt of 25 cents. We wish for once that our province was not restrict- ed to methods of treatment, that we might say some- thing of the exquisite colored plates in this volume. — London Practitioner, May, 1S69. As a whole, it teaches all that can be taught by means of plates and print. — London Lancet, March 13, 1869. Superior to anything of the kind ever before issued on this continent. — Canada Med. Journal, March, '69. The practitioner who desires to understand this branch of medicine thoroughly should obtain this, the most complete and best work ever published. — Dominion Med. Journal, May, 1S69. This is a work of master hands on both sides. M. Cullerier is scarcely second to, we think we may truly say is a peer of the illustrious and venerable Ricord, while in this country we do not hesitate to say that Dr. Bumstead, as an authority, is without a rival. Assuring our readers that these illustrations tell the whole history of venereal disease, from its inception to its end, we do not know a single medical work, which for its kind is more necessary for them to have. —California Med. Gazette, March, 1S69. The most splendidly illustrated work in the lan- guage, and in our opinion far more useful than the French original. — Am. Journ. Med. Sciences, Jan. '69. The fifth and concluding number of this magnificent work has reached us, and we have no hesitation in saying that its illustrations surpass those of previous numbers. — Boston Med. and Surg. Journal, Jan. 14, 1869. Other writers besides M. Cullerier have given us a good account of the diseases of which he treats, but no one has furnished us with such a complete series of illustrations of the venereal diseases. There is, however, an additional interest and value possessed by the volume before us ; for it is an American reprint and translation of M. Cullerier's work, with inci- dental remarks by one of the most eminent American syphilographers, Mr. Bumstead. — Brit, and For. Medico-Chir. Review, July, 1869. TTILL {BERKELEY), •^ Surgeon to the Lock Hospital, London. OX SYPHILIS AXD LOCAL COXTAGIOUS DISORDERS. one handsome octavo volume : extra cloth, $3 25. (Lately Published.) Bringing, as it does, the entire literature of the dis- ease down to the present day, and giving with great ability the results of modern research, it is in every respect a most desirable work, and one which should find a place in the library of every surgeon. — Cali- fornia Med. Gazette, June, 1869. Considering the scope of the book and the careful attention to the manifold aspects and details of its subject, it is wonderfully concise. All these qualities render it an especially valuable book to the beginner, In to whom we would most earnestly recommend its study ; while it is no less useful to the practitioner.— St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal, May, 1S69. The most convenient and ready book of reference we have met with.— N. Y. Med. Record, May 1, ] 869. Most admirably arranged for both student and prac- titioner, no other work on the subject equals it ; it is more simple, more easily studied.— Buffalo Med. and Surg. Journal, March, 1869. gEISSL H.), M.D. A COMPLETE TREATISE OX YEXEREAL DISEASES. Trans- lated from the Second Enlarged German Edition, by Frederic R. Sturgis, M.D. In one (Preparing.) octavo volume, with illustrations. \ 20 Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Diseases of the Skin). UTILSON (ERASMUS), F.E.S. ON DISEASES OF THE SKIN. With Illustrations on wood. Sev- enth American, from the sixth and enlarged English edition. In one large octavo volume of over 800 pages, $5. A SERIES OF PLATES ILLUSTRATING "WILSON ON DIS- EASES OF THE SKIN;" consisting of twenty beautifully executed plates, of which thir- teen are exquisitely colored, presenting the Normal Anatomy and Pathology of the Skin, and embracing accurate representations of about one hundred varieties of disease, most of them the size of nature. Price, in extra cloth, $5 50. Also, the Text and Plates, bound in one handsome volume. Extra cloth, $10. ' No one treating skin diseases should be without a copy of this standard work. — Canada Lancet, iugust, 1863. We can safely recommend it to the profession as the best work on the subject now in existence in the English language. — Medical Times and Gazette. Such a work as the one before us is a most capital and acceptable help. Mr. Wilson has long been held as high authority in this department of medicine, and his book on diseases of the skin has long been re- garded as one o: the best text-books extant on the subject. The present edition is carefully prepared, and brought up in its revision to the present time. In this edition we have also included the beautiful series of plates illustrative of the text, and in the last edi- tion published separately. There are twenty of these plates, nearly all of them colored to nature, and ex- hibiting with great fidelity the various groups of diseases. — Ginainnati Lancet. Mr. Wilson's volume is an excellent digest of the actual amount of knowledge of cutaneous diseases ; it includes almost every fact or opinion of importance connected with the anatomy and pathology of the skin. — British and Foreign Medical Review. fiY THE SAME AUTHOR. THE STUDENT'S BOOK OF CUTANEOUS MEDICINE and Dis- eases of the skin. In one very handsome royal 12mo. volume. $3 50. (Lately Isszced.) J^JELIGAN [J. MOORE), M.D., M.R.I. A. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE SKIN. Fifth American, from the second and enlarged Dublin edition by T. W. Belcher, M. D. In one neat royal 12mo. volume of 462 pages, extra cloth. $2 25. Fully equal to all the requirements of students and young practitioners. — Dublin Med. Press. Of the remainder of the work we have nothing be- 'heir value justly estimated; in a word, the work is fully up to the times, and is thoroughly stocked with most valuable information. — New York Med. Record, Jan. 15, 1867. The most convenient manual of diseases of the skin that can be procured by the student. — Chicago Med. Journal, Dec. 18C6. yond unqualified commendation to offer. It is so far the most complete one of its size that has appeared, and for the student there can be none which can com- pare with it in practical value. All the late disco- veries in Dermatology have been duly noticed, and £Y THE SAME AUTHOR. ATLAS OF CUTANEOUS DISEASES. In one beautiful quarto volume, with exquisitely colored plates, &c, presenting about one hundred varieties of Extra cloth, $5 50. The diagnosis of eruptive disease, however, under all circumstances, is very difficult. Nevertheless, Dr. Neligan has certainly, "as far as possible," given a faithful and accurate representation of this class of diseases, and there can be no doubt that these plates will be of great use to the student and practitioner in drawing a diagnosis a6 to the class, order, and species to which the particular case may belong. While iookiDg over the "Atlas" we have been induced to examine also the "Practical Treatise," and we are inclined to consider it a very superior work, com- bining accurate verbal description with sound views of the pathology and treatment of eruptive diseases. — Glasgow Med. Journal. A compend which will very much aid the practi- tioner in this difficult branch of diagnosis Taken with the beautiful plates of the Atlas, which are re- markable for their accuracy and beauty of coloring, it constitutes a very valuable addition to the library of a practical man. — Buffalo Med. Journal. TJILLIER [THOMAS), M.D., -*■-*■ Physician to the Skin Department of University College Hospital, &c. HAND-BOOK OF SKIN DISEASES, for Students and Practitioners. Second American Edition. In one royal 12mo. volume of 358 pp. With Illustrations. Extra cloth, $2 25. We can conscientiously recommend it to the stu- dent; the style is clear and pleasant to read, the Batter is good, and the descriptions of disease, with hid modes <>f treatment reoommended, are frequently Illustrated with wcdl-recorded cases. — London Med. Timet; awl Gazette, April 1, 1865. It is a concise, plain, practical treatise on the vari- ous diseases of the skia ; just such a work, indeed, as was much needed, both by medical students and practitioners. — Chicago Medical Examiner, May, 1865. A NDERSON [McCALL), M.D., •*■*- Physician to the Dispensary for Skin Diseases, Glasgow, &c. ON THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE SKIN. With an Analysis of Eleven Thousand Consecutive Cases. In one vol. 8vo. $1. (Just Ready.) The very practical diameter of this work and the extensive experience of the author, cannot fail to render it acceptable to the subscribers of the "American Journal of the Medical Si [BIN ks." When completed in the "News and Library," it will be issued separately in a neat octavo volume. Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Diseases of Children). 21 fJMITH {J. LE WIS). M. D., *3 Professor of Morbid Anatomy in the Bellevue Hospital Med. College, N. Y. A COMPLETE PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN. Second Edition, revised and greatly enlarged. In one handsome octavo volume of 712 pages, extra cloth, $5; leather, $6. (Just Issued.) From the Prefaqe to the Second Editiox. In presenting to the profession the second edition of his work, the author gratefully Acknow- ledges the favorable reception accorded to the first. He has endeavored to merit a continuance of this approbation by rendering the volume much more complete than before. Nearly twenty additional diseases have been treated of, among which may be named Diseases Incidental to Birth, Rachitis, Tuberculosis, Scrofula, Intermittent, Remittent, and Typhoid Fevers, Chorea, and the various forms of Paralysis. Many new formulae, which experience has shown to be useful, have been introduced, portions of the text of a less practical nature have been con- densed, and other portions, especially those relating to pathological histology, have been rewritten to correspond with recent discoveries. Every effort has been made, however, to avoid an undue enlargement of the volume, but, notwithstanding this, and an increase in the size of the page, the number of pages has been enlarged by more than one hundred. 227 West 49th Street, New York, April, 1872. The work will be found to contain nearly one-third more matter than the previous edition, and it is confidently presented as in every respect worthy to be received as the standard American text-book on the subject. Eminently practical as well as judicious in its \ We regard it as superior to any other single work teachings. — Cincinnati Lancet and Obs., July, 1S72. on the diseases of infancy and childhood. — Detroit A standard work that leaves little to he desired.- j Rev - of Med. and Pharmacy, Aug. 1872. Indiana Jotirnal of Medicine, July, 1S72. We C011 f ess to increased enthusiasm in recommend- We know of no book on this subject that we can j iug this second edition. — St. Louis Med. and Surg. more cordially recommend to the medical student . Journal, Aug. 1872. and the practitioner.— Cincinnati Clinic, June 29, '72. I c ONDIE {D. FRANCIS), M.D. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN. Sixth edition, revised and augmented. In one large octavo volume of nearly 800 closely- printed pages, extra cloth, $5 25; leather, $6 25. (lately Issued.) The present edition, which is the sixth, is fully up to the times in the discussion of all those points in the pathology and treatment of infantile diseases which have been brought forward by the Germa u and French teachers. As a whole, however, the work is the best American one that we have, and in its special adapta- tion to American practitioners it certainly has no }qual.— New York Med. Record, March 2, 1S68. TXTEST {CHARLES). M.D., ' " Physician to the Hospital for Sick Children, &c. LECTURES ON THE DISEASES OF INFANCY AND CHILD- HOOD. Fourth American from the fifth revised and enlarged English edition. In one large and handsome octavo volume of 656 closely-printed pages. Extra oloth, $4 50 ; leather, $5 50. Of all the_ English writers on the diseases of chil- I living authorities in the difficult department of medi- dren, there is no one so entirely satisfactory to us as | cal science in which he is most widely known. — Dr. West. For years we have held his opinion as I Boston Med. and Surg. Journal, April 26, 1866. j adicial, and have regarded him as one of the highest | JfY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Lately Issued.) ON SOME DISORDERS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN CHILD- HOOD; being the Lumleian Lectures delivered at the Royal College of Physicians of Lon- don, in March, 1871. In one volume, small 12mo., extra cloth, $1 00. &MITH {EUSTACE), M. D., Physician to the Northwest London Free Dispensary for Sick Children. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE WASTING DISEASES OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD. Second American, from the second revised and enlarged English edition. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, $2 50. (Lately Issued.) This is in every way an admirable book. The modest title which the author has chosen for it scarce- ly conveys an adequate idea of the many subject upon which it treats. Wasting is so constant an at- scribed as a practical handbook of the common dis- eases of children, so numerous are the affections con- sidered either collaterally or directly. We are acquainted with no safer guide to the treatment of tendant upon the maladies of childhood, that a trea- I children's diseases, and few works give the insight tise upon the wasting diseases of children must neces sarily embrace the consideration of many affections of which it is a symptom ; and this is excellently well done by Dr. Smith. The book might fairly be de- nto the physiological and other peculiarities of chil- dren that Dr. Smith's book does. — Brit. Med. Journ,, April 8, 1871. QUERSANT {P.), M. D., Honorary Stirgeon to the Hospital for Sick Children, Paris. SURGICAL DISEASES OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN. Trans- lated by R. J. Dunglison, M. D. In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth, $2 50. (Now Ready. ) DEWEES OX THE PHYSICAL AND MEDICAL TREATMENT OF CHILDREN. Eleventh edition. 1 vol. 8vo. of 548 pages. $2 SO. 22 Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Diseases of Women). A VELING {JAMES H -*-*- Physician to the Hospita and Hospital for Women and T/^ILTSHIRE {ALFRED), M.D., ' ' Assistant Physician- A ccoucheur to St. Children. Mary's Hospital. THE OBSTETRICAL JOURNAL of Great Britain and Ireland; Including Midwifery, and the Diseases of Women and Infants. With an American Supplement, edited by Willtam F. Jenks, M.D. A monthly of about 80 octavo pages, very handsomely printed. Subscription, Five Dollars per annum. Single Numbers, 50 cents each. Commencing with April, 1873, the Obstetrical Journal will consist of Original Papers by Brit- ish and Foreign Contributors ; Transactions of the Obstetrical Societies in England and abroad ; Reports of Hospital Practice; Reviews and Bibliographical Notices; Articles and Notes, Edito- rial, Historical, Forensic, and Miscellaneous; Selections from Journals; Correspondence, &c. Collecting together the vast amount of material daily accumulating in this important and ra- pidly improving department of medical science, the value of the information which it will pre- sent to the subscriber may be estimated from the character of the gentlemen who have already promised their support, including such names as those of Drs. Atthill, Robeet Barnes, Henry Bennkt, TnoMAS Chambers, Fleetwood Churchill, Matthews Duncan, Graily Hewitt, BraxtoN Hicks, Alfred Meadows, W. Leishman, Alex. Simpson, Tyler Smith, Edward J. Tilt, Spencer Wells, &g. &c. ; in short, the representative men of British Obstetrics and Gynae- cology. In order to render the Obstetrical Journal fully adequate to the wants of the American profession, each number will contain a Supplement devoted to the advances made in Obstetrics and Gynecology on this side of the Atlantic. This portion of the Journal will be under the editorial charge of Dr. William F. Jenks, to whom editorial communications, exchanges, books for review, &c, may be addressed, to the care of the publisher. *V* Gentlemen desiring complete sets will do well to forward their orders without delay. STROMAS {T.GAILLARD),M.D., -*■ Professor of Obstetrics, &c, in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y., &c. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF WOMEN. Third edition, enlarged and thoroughly revised. In one large and handsome octavo volume of 784 pages, with 246 illustrations. Cloth, $5 00 ; leather, $6 00. (Just Issued.) The author has taken advantage of the opportunity afforded by the call for another edition of this work to render it worthy a continuance of the very remarkable favor with which it has been received. Every portion has been subjected to a conscientious revision, several new chapters have been added, and no labor spared to make it a complete treatise on the most advanced con- dition of its important subject. The present edition therefore contains about one-third more matter than the previous one, notwithstanding which the price has been maintained at the former very moderate rate, rendering this one of the cheapest volumes accessible to the profession. As compared with the first edition, five uew chap- ters on dysmenorrhea, peri-uterine fluid tumors, composite tumors of the ovary, solid tumors of the ovary, and chlorosis, have been added. Twenty- seven additional woodcuts have been introduced, many subjects have been subdivided, and all have received important interstitial increase. In fact, the book has been practically rewritten, and greatly in- oreased iu value. Briefly, we may say that we know of no book which so completely and concisely repre- sents the present state of gynajcology ; none so full of well-digested and reliable teaching; none which bespeaks an author more apt in research and abun- dant in resources.— N. Y. Med. Record, May 1, 1872. We should not be doing our dnty to the profession did we not tell those who are unacquainted with the book, how much it is valued by gynaecologists, and how it is in many respects one of the best text-books on the subject we possess in our language. We have no hesitation in recommending Dr. Thomas's work as one of the most complete of its kind ever published. It should be in the possession of every practitioner for reference and for study.— London Lancet, April 27, 1872. Our author is not one of those whose views "never change." On the contrary, they have been modified in many particulars to accord with the progress made InthlldepS rt merit of medical science: hence it hav I he freshness of an eutiroly new work. No general prac- titioner can afford to be without it. — St. Louis Med. and, Surg. Journal, May, 1872. Its able author need not fear COmpfl rison hotweon it and any similar work In the English language; nay more, as a text book for students and as a guide for practitioners, we believe it is unequalled, I u the libraries Of reading physician* we meet with it of tenor than any other treatise on diseases of women. ■ Mid' our brief review by repeating the hearty commendation of thin volume ^i" com* meaoed ! if either student or practitioner can getbut one bo - of women, that book should be M." — Amer. Jour. Med. Sciences, April, 1872. I We are free to say that we regard Dr. Thomas the best American authority on diseases of women. Seve- ral others have written, and written well, but none have so clearly and carefully arranged their text and instruction as Dr. Thomas. — Cincinnati Lancet and Observer, May, 1372. We deem it scarcely necessary to recommend this work to physicians as it is now widely known, and most of them already possess it, or will certainly do so. To students we unhesitatingly recommeud it as the best text-book on diseases of females extant.— St. Louis Med. Reporter, June, 1869. Of all the army of books that have appeared of late years, on the diseases of the uterus and its appendages, we know of none that is so clear, comprehensive, and practical as this of Dr. Thomas', or one that we should more emphatically recommend to the young practi- tioner, as his guide. — California Med. Gazelle, June, 1869. If not the best work extant on the subject of which it treats, it is certainly second to none other. So short a titne has elapsed since the medical press teemed with commendatory notices of the fits! edition, that it would be superfluous to give au extended re- view of what is now firmly established as the Am erioan text-hook of Gynaecology.— i\T. Y. Med. Gazette, July 17, 1869. This is a new and revised edition of a work which we recently noticed at some length, and earnestly commended to the favorable attention of our readers. The fact that, in the short space of one year, this second edition makes its appearance, shows that the meueral judgment of the profession has largely con- firmed the opinion we gave at that time. — Cincinnati Lancet, Aug. 1869. It is so short a time since we gave a full roview of the first edition of this book, that we deem it only necessary now to call attention to the second appear- ance of the work. Its success has been remarkable, and we can only congratulate the author on the brilliant reoeption his book has received. — N. Y. Med. Journal, April, 1869, Henry C. Lea's Publications— (Diseases of Women). n H ODGE {HUGH L.), M.D., Emeritus Professor of Obstetrics, in the University of Pennsylvania. ON DISEASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN; including Displacements of the Uterus. With original illustrations. Second edition, revised and enlarged. In one beautifully printed octavo volume of 531 pages, extra cloth. $4 50. {Lately Issued.) In the preparation of this edition the author has spared no pains to improve it with the results of his observation and study during the interval which has elapsed since the first appearance of the work. Considerable additions have thus been made to it, which have been partially accom- modated by an enlargement in the size of the page, to avoid increasing unduly the bulk of the volume. From Prof. W. H. Btford, of the Eush Medical College, Chicago. The book bears the impress of a master hand, and must, as its predecessor, prove acceptable to the pro- fession, la diseases of women Dr. Hodge has estab- lished a sch- il o treatment that has become world- wide in fame. Professor Hodge's work is trnly an original one from beginning t< end, consequently no one can pe- ruse its pages vitnout learning something new. The book, which is by no means a large one, is di vided into two grand sections, so to speak : first, that treating of the nervous sympathies of the uterus, and, se6ondly, that which speaks of the mechanical treatment of dis- placements of that organ. He is disposed, as a non- believer in the frequency of inflammations of the uterus, to take strong ground against many of the highest authorities in this branch of medicine, and the arguments which he offers in support of his posi- tion are, to say the least, well put. Numerous wood- cuts adorn this portion of the work, and add incalcu- lably to the proper appreciation of the variously shaped instruments referred to by our author. As a contribution to the study of women's diseases, it is of great value, and is abundantly able to stand on its own merits. — N. Y. Medical Record, Sept. 15, 1S68. In this point of view, the treatise of Professor Hodge will be indispensable to every student in its department. The large, fair type and general perfec- tion of workmanship will render it doubly welcome. —Pacific Med. and Surg. Journal, Oct. 1868. W: EST {CHARLES), M.D. LECTURES ON THE DISEASES OF WOMEN. Third American, from the Third London edition. In one neat octavo volume of about 550 pages, extra cloth, $3 75 ; leather, $4 75. The reputation which this volume has acquired as a standard book of reference in its depart- ment, renders it only necessary to say that the present edition has received a careful revision at the hands of the author, resulting in a considerable increase of size. A few notices of previous editions are subjoined. As a writer, Dr. West stands, in our opinion, se- cond only to Watson, the "Macaulay of Medicine;" he possesses that happy faculty of clothing instruc- tion in easy garments ; combining pleasure with profit, he leads his pupils, in spite of the ancient pro- verb, along a royal road to learning. His work is one which will not satisfy the extreme on either side, but it is one that will please the great majority who are seeking truth, and one that will convince the student that he has committed himself to a candid, safe, and valuable guide.— N. A. Med.-Chirurg Review. The manner of the author is excellent, his descrip- tions graphic and perspicuous, and his treatment up to the level of the time— clear, precise, definite, and marked bv strong common sense. — Chicago Med. Journal, Dec. 1861. We cannot too highly recommend this, the second edition of Dr. West's excellent lectures on the dis- eases of females. We know of no other book on this subject from which we have derived as much pleasure and instruction. Every page gives evidence of the honest, earnest, and diligent searcher after truth. He is not the mere compiler of other men's ideas, but his lectures are the result often years' patient investiga- tion in one of the widest fields for women's diseases — St. Bartholomew's Hospital. As a teacher, Dr. West is simple and earnest in his language, clear and com- prehensive in his perceptions, andlogical in his de- ductions. — Cincinnati Lancet, Jan. 1862. We return the author our grateful thanks for the vast amount of instruction he has afforded us. His valuable treatise needs no eulogy on our part. His graphic diction and truthful pictures of disease all speak for themselves. — Medico-Chirurg. Review. Most justly esteemed a standard work It bears evidence of having been carefully revised, and is well worthy of the fame it has already obtained. —Dub. Med. Quar. Jour. We must now conclude this hastily written sketch with the confident assurance to our readers that the work will well repay perusal. The conscientious, painstaking, practical physician is apparent on every page. — 2f. Y. Journal of Medicine. We have to say of it, briefly and decidedly, that it is the best work on the subject in any language, and that it stamps Dr. West as the facile princeps of British obstetric authors. — Edinburgh Med. Journal. We gladly recommend his lectures as in the highesrt degree instructive to all who are interested in ob- stetric practice. — London. Lancet. . We know of no treatise of the kind so complete, and yet so compact. — Chicago Med. Journal. B ARNES {ROBERT), M. D., F. R. C. P., Obstetric Physician to St. Thomas's Hospital, &c. A CLINICAL EXPOSITION OP THE MEDICAL AND SURGI- CAL DISEASES OF WOMEN. In one handsome octavo volume with illustrations. (Nearly Ready.) CHURCHILL ON THE PUERPERAL FEVER AND OTHER DISEASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN. 1 vol. 8vo., pp. 450, extra cloth. $2 50. DEWEES'S TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OP FE- MALES. With illustrations. Eleventh Edition, with the Author's last improvements and correc- tions. In one octavo volume of 536 pages, with plates, extra cloth. $3 00. WEST'S ENQUIRY INTO THE PATHOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF ULCERATION OF THE OS UTERI. 1 vol. 8vo., extra cloth. $1 25. MEIGS ON WOMAN: HER DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES A Series of Lectures to his Class. Fourth and Improved Edition. 1 vol. Svo., over 700 pages, extra cloth, $5 00 ; leather, *6 00. MEIGS ON THE NATURE, SIGNS, AND TREAT- MENT OF CHILDBED FEVER. 1 vol. 8vo., pp 365, extra cloth. $2 00. ASHWELL'S PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DIS- EASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN. Third American, from the Third and revised London edition. 1 vol. 8vo., pp. 528, extra cloth. $3 50. 24 Henry C. Lea's Publications— {Midwifery). ffODGE {HUGH L.), M.D., ■*"*■ Emeritus Professor of Midwifery, &o ., in the University of Pennsylvania, &c. THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OBSTETRICS. Illus- trated with large lithographic plates containing one hundred and fifty-nine figures from original photographs, and with numerous wood-cuts. In one large and beautifully printed quarto volume of 550 double-columned pages, strongly bound in extra cloth, $14. The work of Dr. Hodge is something more than a simple presentation of his particular views in the de- partment of Ohstetrics ; it is something more than an ordinary treatise on midwifery ; it is, in fact, a cyclo- paedia of midwifery. He has aimed to embody in a single volume the whole science and art of Obstetrics. An elaborate text is combined with accurate and va- ried pictorial illustrations, so that no fact or principle Is left unstated or unexplained. — Am. Med. Times, Sept. 3, 1S64. We should like to analyze the remainder of this excellent work, but already has this review extended beyond our limited space. We cannot conclude this notice without referring to the excellent finish of the work. In typography it is not to be excelled ; the paper is superior to what is usually afforded by our American cousins, quite equal to the best of English books. The engravings and lithographs are most beautifully executed. The work recommends itself for its originality, and is in every way a most valu- able addition to those on the subject of obstetrics. — Canada Med. Journal, Oct. 1S64. It is very large, profusely and elegantly illustrated, and is fitted to take its place near the works of great obstetricians. Of the American works on the subject it is decidedly the best. — Edinb. Med. Jour., Dec. '64. #*# Specimens of the plates and letter-press will be forwarded to any address, free by mail en receipt of six cents in postage stamps. We have examined Professor Hodge's work with great satisfaction ; every topic is elaborated most fully. The views of the author are comprehensive, and concisely stated. The rules of practice are judi- cious, and will enable the practitioner to meet every emergency of obstetric complication-with confidence. — Chicago Med. Journal, Aug. 1864. More time than we have had at our disposal since we received the great work of Dr. Hodge is necessary to do it justice. It is undoubtedly by far the most original, complete, and carefully composed treatise on the principles and practice of Obstetrics which has ever been issued from the American press. — Pacific Med. and Surg. Journal, July, 1S64. We have read Dr. Hodge's book with great plea- sure, and have much satisfaction in expressing our commendation of it as a whole. It is certainly highly instructive, and in the main, we believe, correct. The great attention which the author has devoted to the mechanism of parturition, taken along with the con- clusions at which he has arrived, point, we think, conclusively to the fact that, in Britain at least, the doctrines of Naegele have been too blindly received. —Glasgow Med. Journal, Oct. 1864. JJANNER {THOMAS H), M.D. ON THE SIGNS AND DISEASES OF PREGNANCY. First American from the Second and Enlarged English Edition. With four colored plates and illustrations on wood. In one handsome octavo volume of about 500 pages, extra cloth, $4 25. The very thorough revision the work has undergone has added greatly to its practical value, and increased materially its efficiency as a guide to the student and to the young practitioner.— Am. Journ. Med. Sci., April, 1868. With the immense variety of subjects treated of and the ground which they are made to cover, the im- possibility of giving an extended review of this truly remarkable work must be apparent. We have not a single fault to find with it, and most heartily com- mend it to the careful study of every physician who would not only always be sure of his diagnosis of pregnancy, but always ready, to treat all the nume- rous ailments that are, unfortunately for the civilized women of to-day, so commonly associated with the function.— N. Y. Med. Record, March 16 1868. We recommend obstetrical students, young and old, to have this volume in their collections. It con tains not only a fair statement of the signs, symptoms, and diseases of pregnancy, but comprises in addition much interesting relative matter that is not to be found in an j other work that we can name. — Edin- burgh Med Journal, Jan. 1868. Q WAYNE {JOSEPH GRIFFITHS), M.I)., *~) Physician-Accoucheur to the British General Hospital, &c. OBSTETRIC APHORISMS FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS COM- MENCING MIDWIFERY PRACTICE. Second American, from the Fifth and Revised London Edition, with Additions by E. R. Hutchins, M. D. With Illustrations. In one neat 12rao. volume. Extra cloth, $1 25. (Nora Ready.) *. M * See p. 3 of this Catalogue for the terms on which this work is offered as a premium to subscribers to the " American Journal of the Medical Sciences." It is really a capital little compendium of the sub- ject, and we recommend young practitioners to buy it and carry it with them when called to attend cases of labor. They can while away the otherwise tedious hours of waiting, and thoroughly fix in their memo- ries the most Important practical suggestions it con- tains. The American editor has materially added by his notes ''.nd the concluding Chapters to the com- pleteness and general value of the book. — China go Med. Journal, Feb. 1870. The manual beforouscontainninexcoedingly small BOmpfl - ma 1 1 enough to carry in the pockei — about all there is of obstetrics, oondensed into a nutshell of A piii i -ins. The illustrations are well selected, and serves excellent reminders of the condnet of labor — regular and difficult — Cincinnati Lancet, April, '70. t, i , »Ikh mo* I ad tnirn>>l« little work, and completel v answers the purpose. It is not only valuable for young beginners, but no one who is not a proficient in the art of obstetrics should be without it, because it condenses all that is necessary to know for ordi- nary midwifery practice. We commend the book most favorably. — St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal, Sept. 10, 1870. A studied perusal of this little book has satisfied us of its eminently practical value. The object of the work, the author says, in his preface, is to give the student a few brief and practical directions respect- ing the management of ordinary cases of labor ; and also to poiut out to him in extraordinary cases whea and how he may act upon his own responsibility, and when he ought to send for assistance. — N. Y. Medical Journal, May, 1870 W' INCKEL (F.), Prqfoagor and Direator of the Gynaecological Clinic in the University of Rostock. A COMPLETE TREATISE ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREAT- MENT OF CHILDBED, for Students and Practitioner*. Translated, with the consent of the author, from the Seoond German Edition, by James Read Ciiadwick, M D. In one octavo volume. {Preparing.) Henry C. Lea's Publications — {Midwifery), 25 TEISHMAN (WILLIAM), M.D., "^ Regius Professor of Midwifery in the University of Glasgow, &c. A SYSTEM OF MIDWIFERY, INCLUDING THE DISEASES OF PREGNANCY AND THE PUERPERAL STATE. In one large and very handsome oc- tavo volume of over 700 pages, with one hundred and eighty-two illustrations. Cloth, $5 00 ; leather, $6 00. (Jusi Ready.) This is one of a most complete and exhaustive cha- I It was written to supply a desideratum, and we will racter. We have gone carefully thvough it, 'and there be much surprised if it does not fulfil the purpose of is no subject in Obstetrics which has not been con- its author. Taking it as a whole, we know of no sidered well and fully. The result is a work, not work on obstetrics by an English author in which the only admirable as a text-book, but valuable as a work student and the practitioner will find the information of reference to the practitioner in the various emer- \ so clear and so completely abreast of the present state gencies of obstetric practice. Take it all in all, we | of our knowledge on the subject.— Glasgow Med. have no hesitation in saying that it is in our judgment the best Euglish work on the subject. — London Lan- cet, Aug. 23, 1S73. The work of Leishman gives an excellent view of modern midwifery, and evinces its author's extensive acquaintance with British and foreign literature ; and not only acquaintance with it, but wholesome diges- tion and sound judgment of it. He has, withal, a manly, free style, and can state a difficult and compli- cated matter with remarkable clearness and brevity. —Edin. Med. Joxirn., Sept. 1S73. Journ., Aug. 1S73. Dr. Leishman's System of Midwifery, which has only just been published, will go far to supply the want which has so long been felt, of a really good modern English text-book. Although large, as is in- evitable in a work on so extensive a subject, it is so well and clearly written, that it is never wearisome I to read. Dr. Leishman's work may be confidently | recommended as an admirable text-book, and is sure to be largely used.— Lond. Med. Record, Sept. 1873. f>AMSBOTHAM (FRANCIS R.), M.D. THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OBSTETRIC MEDI- CINE AND SURGERY, in reference to the Process of Parturition. A new and enlarged edition, thoroughly revised by the author. With additions by W. V. Keating, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics, &c., in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. In one large and handsome imperial octavo volume of 650 pages, strongly hound in leather, with raised bands ; with sixty-four beautiful plates, and numerous wood-cuts in the text, containing in all nearly 200 large and beautiful figures. $7 00. To the physician's library it is indispensable, while to the student, as a text-book, from which to extract the material for laying the foundation of an education on obstetrical science, it has no superior. — Ohio Med. and Surg. Journal. When we call to mind the toil we underwent in acquiring a knowledge of this subject, we cannot but envy the student of the present day the aid which this work will afford him. — Am. Jour, of the Med. Sciences. We will only add that the student will learn from It all he need to know, and the practitioner will find It, as a book of reference, surpassed by none other.— Stethoscope. The character and merits of Dr. Ramsbotham's work are so well known and thoroughly established, that comment is unnecessary and praise superfluous. The illustrations, which are numerous and accurate, are executed in the highest style of art. We cannot too highly recommend the work to our readers.— Si 1 . Louis Med. and Surg. Journal. SJ3URCHILL (FLEETWOOD), M.D., M.R.I. A. ON THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF MIDWIFERY. A new American from the fourth revised and enlarged London edition. With notes and additions by D. Francis Condie, M. D., author of a "Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Chil- dren," &c. With one hundred and ninety-four illustrations. In one very handsome octavo volume of nearly 700 large pages. Extra cloth, $4 00 ; leather, $5 00. These additions render the work still more com- plete and acceptable than ever ; and with the excel- lent style in which the publishers have presented this edition of Churchill, we can commend it to the profession with great cordiality and pleasure. — Cin- cinnati Lancet. Few works on this branch of medical science are equal to it, certainly none excel it, whether in regard to theory or practice, and in one respect it is superior to all others, viz., in its statistical information, and therefore, on these grounds a most valuable work for the physician, student, or lecturer, all of whom will find in it the information which they are seeking. — Brit. Am. Journal. The present treatise is very much enlarged and amplified beyond the previous editions but nothing has been added which could be well dispensed with. An examination of the table of contents shows how thoroughly the author has gone over the ground, and the care he has taken in the text to present the sub- j ects in all their bearings, will render this new edition even more necessary to the obstetric student than were either of the former editions at the date of their appearance. No treatise on obstetrics with which we are acquainted can compare favorably with this, in respect to the amount of material which has been gathered from every source. — Boston Med. and Surg. Journal. There is no better text-book for students, or work of reference and study for the practising physician than this. It should adorn and enrich every medical library. — Chicago Med. Journal. MONTGOMERY [W. F.), M.D., Professor of Midwifery in the King's and Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland. AN EXPOSITION OF THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PREG- NANCY. With some other Papers on Subjects connected with Midwifery. From the second and enlarged English edition. With two exquisite colored plates, and numerous wood-cuts. In one very handsome octavo volume of nearly 600 pages, extra cloth. $3 75. RIGBY'S SYSTEM OF MIDWIFEKT. With Notes and Additional Illustrations. Second American edition. One volume octavo, extra cloth, 422 pages *2 50. DEWEES'S COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM OF MID- WIFERY. Twelfth edition, with the author's last improvements and corrections. In one octavo vol- ume, extra cloth, of 600 pages. *3 50. MEIGS' OBSTETRICS: THE SCIENCE AND THE ART. Fifth edition. With 130 illustrations. 1vol. Svo. Extra cloth, $3 50 ; leather, $6 50. 86 Henry C. Lea's Publications— (Surgery). G ROSS {SAMUEL D.), M.D., Professor of Surgery in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. A SYSTEM OF SURGERY: Pathological, Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Operative. Illustrated by upwards of Fourteen Hundred Engravings. Fifth edition, carefully revised, and improved. In two large and beautifully printed imperial octavo vol- umes of about 2300 pages, strongly bound in leather, with raised bands, $15. (Jzist Ready .) The continued favor, shown by the exhaustion of successive large editions of this great work, proves that it has successfully supplied a want felt by American practitioners and students. In the present revision no pains have been spared by the author to bring it in every respect fully up to the day. To effect this a large part of the work has been rewritten, and the whole enlarged by nearly one-fourth, notwithstanding which the price has been kept at its former very moderate rate. By the use of a close, though very legible type, an unusually large amount of matter is condensed in its pages, the two volumes containing as much as four or five ordinary octavos. This, combined with the most careful mechanical execution, and its very durable binding, renders it one of the cheapest works accessible to the profession. Every subject properly belonging to the domain of surgery is treated in detail, so that the student who possesses this work may be said to have in it a surgical library. It must long remain the most comprehensive work on this important part of medicine. — Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, March 23, 1865. We have compared it with most of our standard works, such as those of Erichsen, Miller, Fergusson, Syme, and others, and we must, in justice to our author, award it the pre-eminence. As a work, com- plete in almost every detail, no matter how minute or trifling, and embracing every subject known in the principles and practice of surgery, we believe it stands vrithout a rival. Dr. Gross, in his preface, re- marks "my aim has been to embrace the whole do- main of surgery, and to allot to every subject its legitimate claim to notice;" and, we assure our readers, he has kept his word. It is a work which we can most confidently recommend to our brethren, for its utility is becoming the more evident the longer it is upon the shelves of our library.— Canada Med. Journal, September, 1865. The first two editions of Professor Gross' System of Surgery are so well known to the profession, and so highly prized, that it would be idle for us to speak in praise of this work.— Chicago Medical Journal, September, 1865. We gladly indorse the favorable recommendation of the work, both as regards matter and style, which we made when noticing its first appearance.— British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review, Oct. 1865. The most complete work that has yet issued from the press on the science and practice of surgery.— London Lancet. This system of surgery is, we predict, destined to take a commanding position in our surgical litera- ture, and be the crowning glory of the author's well earned fame. As an authority on general surgical subjects, this work is long to occupy a pre-eminent place, not only at home, but abroad. We have no hesitation in pronouncing it without a rival in our language, and equal to the best systems of surgery in any language. — N. Y. Med. Journal. Not only by far the best text-book on the subject, as a whole, within the reach of American students, but one which will be much more than ever likely to be resorted to and regarded as a high authority abroad. — Am. Journal Med. Sciences, Jan. 1865. The work contains everything, minor and major, operative and diagnostic, including mensuration and examination, venereal diseases, and uterine manipu- lations and operations. It is a complete Thesaurus of modern surgery, where the student and practi- tioner shall not seek in vain for whai they desire. — San Francisco Med. Press, Jan. 1S65. Open it where we may, we find sound practical in- formation conveyed in plain language. This book is no mere provincial or even national system of sur- gery, but a work which, while very largely indebted to the past, has a strong claim on the gratitude of the future of surgical science.— Edinburgh Med. Journal, Jan. 1865. A glance at the work is sufficient to show that the author and publisher have spared no labor in making it the most complete "System of Surgery" ever pub- lished in any country. — St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal, April, 1865. A system of surgery which we think unrivalled in our language, and which will indelibly associate his name with surgical science. And what, in our opin- ion, enhances the value of the work is that, while the practising surgeon will find all that he requires in it, it is at the same time one of the most valuable trea- tises which can be put into the hands of the student seeking to know the principles and practice of this oranch of the profession which he designs subse- quently to follow.— The Brit. Arn.Journ., Montreal. DY THE SAME AUTHOR. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON FOREIGN BODIES IN THE AIR-PASSAGES. In 1 vol. 8vo. cloth, with illustrations, pp. 468. $2 75. GIBSON'S INSTITUTES AND PKACTICE OF SUR- oery. Eighth edition, improved and altered. With thirty-four plates. In two handsome octavo rel- umes, about 1000 pp., leather, raised bands. $6 60. SKEY'S OPERATIVE SURGERY. In 1 vol. Svo. clotb, of over 650 pages; with about 100 wood-cats. $3 25. COOPER'S LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES AND Practice of Bdrqbky. In 1 vol. Svo. cloth, 750 p. $2. MILLER [JAMES), JJJL Late Professor of Surgery in the University of Edinburgh, &c. PE I N 1 PLES OF SURGERY. Fourth American, from the third and revised Edinburgh edition. In one large and very beautiful volume of 700 pages, with two hundred and forty illustrations on wood, extra cloth. $3 75. OF THE SAME AUTHOR. TIIK PRACTICE OF SURGERY. Fourth American, from the last Edinburgh edition. Revised by the American editor. Illustrated by three hundred and sixty-lour engravings on wood. In one large octavo volume of nearly 700 pages, extra cloth. $3 75. VARGENT IF. Wi), M.D. ® ON BANDAGING AND OTHER OPERATIONS OF MINOR SURGERY. New edition, with an additional chapter on Military Surgery. One handsome royal !2ino. volume, of nearly 400 pages, with 184 wood-cuts. Extra cloth, $1 76. Henry C. Lea's Publications— (Surgery). 27 j^SHHURST {JOHN, Jr.), M.D., Surgeon to the Episcopal Hospital, Philadelphia. THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY. In one very large and handsome octavo volume of about 1000 pages, with nearly 550 illustrations, extra cloth, $6 50; leather, raised bands, $7 50. (Just Issued.) The object of the author has been to present, within as condensed a compass as possible, a complete treatise on Surgery in all its branches, suitable both as- a text-book for the student and a work of reference for the practitioner. So much has of late years been done for the advance- ment of Surgical Art and Science, that there seemed to be a want of a work which should present the latest aspects of every subject, and which, by its American character, should render accessible to the profession at large the experience of the practitioners of both hemispheres. This has been the aim of the author, and it is hoped that the volume will be found to fulfil its purpose satisfac- torily. The plan and general outline of the work will be seen by the annexed CONDENSED SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. Chapter I. Inflammation. II. Treatment of Inflammation. III. Operations in general: Anaesthetics. IV. Minor Surgery. V. Amputations. VI. Special Amputations. VII. Effects of Injuries in General : Wounds. VIII. Gunshot Wounds. IX. Injuries of Bloodvessels. X. Injuries of Nerves, Muscles and Tendons, Lymphatics, Bursse, Bone*s, and Joints. XI. Fractures. XII. Special Fractures. XIII. Dislocations. XIV. Effects of Heat and Cold. XV. Injuries of the Head. XVI. Injuries of the Back. XVII. Injuries of the Face and Neck. XVIII. Injuries of the Chest. XIX. Injuries of the Abdomen and Pelvis. XX. Diseases resulting from Inflammation. XXI. Erysipelas. XXII. Pyaemia. XXIII. Diathetic Diseases : Struma (in- cluding Tubercle and Scrofula); Rickets. XXIV. Venereal Diseases ; Gonorrhoea and Chancroid. XXV. Venereal Diseases continued : Syphilis. XXVI. Tumors. XXVII. Surgical Diseases of Skin, Areolar Tissue, Lymphatics, Muscles, Tendons, and Bursae. XXVIII. Surgical Disease of Nervous System (including Tetanus). XXIX. Surgical Diseases of Vascular System (includ- ing Aneurism). XXX. Diseases of Bone. XXXI. Diseases of Joints. XXXII. Excisions. XXXIII. Orthopaedic Surgery. XXXIV. Diseases of Head and Spine. XXXV. Diseases of the Eye. XXXVI. Diseases of the Ear. XXXVII. Diseases of the Face and Neck. XXXVIII. Diseases of the Mouth, Jaws, and Throat. XXXIX. Diseases of the Breast. XL. Hernia. XLI. Special Hernias. XLII. Diseases of Intestinal Canal. XLIII. Diseases of Abdominal Organs, and various operations on the Abdomen. XLIV. Urinary Calculus XLV. Diseases of Bladder and Prostate. XL VI. Diseases of Urethra. XL VII. Diseases of Generative Organs. Index. Its author has evidently tested the writings and experiences of the past and present in the crucible of a careful, analytic, and honorable mind, and faith- fully endeavored to bring his work up to the level of the highest standard of practical surgery He is frank and definite, and gives us opinions, and gene- rally sound ones, instead of a mere resume of the opinions of others. He is conservative, but not hide- bound by authority. His style is clear, elegant, and scholarly. The work is an admirable text book, and a useful book of reference It is a credit to American professional literature, and one of the first ripe fruits of the soil fertilized by the blood of oar late unhappy war.— N. Y. Med. Record, Feb. 1, 1872. Indeed, the work as a whole must be regarded as an excellent and concise exponent of modern sur- gery, and as such it will be found a valuable text- book for the student, and a useful book of reference for the general practitioner. — N. Y. Med. Journal, Feb. 1S72. It gives us great pleasure to call the attention of the profession to this excellent work. Our knowledge of its talented and accomplished author led us to expect from him a very valuable treatise upon subjects to which he has repeatedly given evidence of having pro- fitably devoted much time and labor, and we are in no way disappointed. — Phila. Med. Times, Feb. 1, 1872. piRRIE ( WILLIAM), F. R. S. E., •*- Professor of Surgery in the University of Aberdeen. THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OP SURGERY. Edited by John Neill, M. D., Professor of Surgery in the Penna. Medical College, Surgeon to the Pennsylvania Hospital, &c. In one very handsome octavo volume of 780 pages, with 316 illustrations, extra cloth. $3 75. TJAMILTON {FRANK H.), M.D., Professor of Fractures and DisloeaMons, &c, in Bellevue Hosp. Med. College, New York. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON FRACTURES AND DISLOCA- TIONS. Fourth edition, thoroughly revised. In one large and handsome octavo volume of nearly 800 pages, with several hundred illustrations. Extra cloth, $5 75 ; leather, $6 75. ( Just Issued. ) » It is not, of course, our intention to review in ex- tenso, Hamilton on "Fractures and Dislocations." iEleven years ago such review might not have been ' out of place ; to-day the work is an authority, so well, so generally, and so favorably known, that it only remains for the reviewer to say that a new edition is just out, and it is better than either of its predeces- sors. — Cincinnati Clinic, Oct. 11, 1S71. Undoubtedly the best work on Fractures and Dis- locations in the English language. — Cincinnati Med. ■ Repertory, Oct. 1871. We have once more before us Dr. Hamilton's admi- r rable treatise, which we have always considered the most complete and reliable work on the subject. As a whole, the work is without an equal in the litera- ture of the profession. — Boston Med. and Surg Journ., Oct. 12, 1S71. It is unnecessary at this time to commend the book, except to such as are beginners in the study of this particular branch of surgery. Every practical sur- geon in this country and abroad knows of it as a most trustworthy guide, and one which they, in common with us, would unqualifiedly recommend as the high- est authority in any language.— iV T . Y. Med. Record, Oct. 16, 1S71. MORLAND {W. W.), M.D. DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS; a Compendium of their Diagnosis, Pathology, and Treatment. With illustrations. In one large and handsome octavo volume of about 600 pages, extra cloth. $3 50. Henry C. Lea's Publications — {Surgery). EiRICRSEN {JOHN E.), *-* Professor of Surgery in University College, London, etc. THE SCIENCE AND ART OF SURGERY; being a Treatise on Sur- gical Injuries, Diseases, and Operations. Revised by the author from the Sixth and enlarged English Edition. Illustrated by over seven hundred engravings on wood. In two large and beautiful octavo volumes of over 1700 pages, extra cloth, $9 00 ; leather, $11 00. {Just Ready.) Author'' s Preface to the New American Edition. " The favorable reception with which the ' Science and Art of Surgery' has been honored by the Surgical Profession in the United States of America has been not only a source of deep gratifica- tion and of just pride to me, but has laid the foundation of many professional friendships that are amongst the agreeable and valued recollections of my life. "I have endeavored to make the present edition of this work more deserving than its predecessors of the favor that has been accorded to them. In consequence of delays that have unavoidably occurred in the publication of the Sixth British Edition, time has heen afforded to me to add to this one several paragraphs which I trust will be found to increase the practical value of the work." London, Oct. 1872. On no former edition of this work has the author bestowed more pains to render it a complete and satisfactory exposition of British Surgery in its modern aspects. Every portion has been sedu- lously revised, and a large number of new illustrations have been introduced. In addition to the material thus added to the English edition, the author has furnished for the American edition such material as has accumulated since the passage of the sheets through the press in London, so that the work as now presented to the American profession, contains his latest views and experience. The increase in the size of the work has seemed to render necessary its division into two vol- umes. Great care has been exercised in its typographical execution, and it is confidently pre- sented as in every respect worthy to maintain the high reputation which has rendered it a stand- ard authority on this department of medical science. These are only a few of the points in which the states in his preface, they are not confined to any one present edition of Mr. Erichsen's work surpasses its ; portion, but are distributed generally through the predecessors. Throughout there is evidence of a subjects of which the work treats. Certainly one of laborious care and solicitude in seizing the passing the most valuable sections of the book seems to us to knowledge of the day, which reflects the greatest \ be that which treats of the diseases of the arteries credit on the author, aod much enhances the value \ and the operative proceedings which they necessitate, ofhiswork. We can only admire the industry which In few text-books is so much carefully arranged in- has enabled Mr. Erichsen thus to succeed, amid the formation collected. — London Med. Times and Gaz., distractions of active practice, in producing emphatic- ally the book of reference and study for British prac- titioners of surgery. — London Lancet, Oct. 26, 1S72. Considerable changes have been made in this edi- Oct. 26, 1S72. The entire work, complete, as the great English treatise on Surgery of our own time, is, we can assure our readers, equally well adapted for the most junior Lion, and nearly a hundred new illustrations have student, and, as a book of reference, for the advanced been added. Itis difiicultin a small compass to point i practitioner.— Dublin Quarterly Journal. out the alterations and additions ; for, as the author I D RUITT {ROBERT), M.R.C.S., frc. THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MODERN SURGERY. A new and revised American, from the eighth enlarged and improved London edition Illus- trated with four hundred and thirty -two wood engravings. In one very handsome octavo volume, of nearly 700 large and closely printed pages. Extra cloth, $4 00 ; leather, $5 00. All that the surgical student or practitioner could desire. — Dublin Quarterly Journal. It is a most admirable book. We do not know when we have examined one with more pleasure. — Boston Med. and Surg. Journal. In Mr. Druitt's book, though containing only som seven hundred pages, both the principles and the practice of surgery are treated, and so clearly and perspicuously, as to elucidate every important topic. We have examined the book most thoroughly, and can aay that this success is well merited. Hib book, moreover, possesses the inestimable advantages of having the subjects perfectly well arranged and clas- e lined, and of being written in a style at once clear ind succinct. — Am. Journal of Med. Science?. A SHTON {T. J.). ON THE DISEASES, INJURIES, AND MALFORMATIONS OF THE RECTUM AND ANUS; with remarks on Habitual Constipation. Second American, from the fourth and enlarged London edition. With handsome illustrations. In one very beautifully printed octavo volume of about 300 pages. $3 25. TJUJELOW {HENRY ./.), M. D., ■*-* Professor of Surf/cry in the Massachusetts Med. College, ON THE MECHANISM OF DISLOCATION AND FRACTURE OF THE HIP. With the Reduction of the Dislocation by the Flexion Method. With numerous original illustrations. In one very handsome octavo volume. Cloth. $2 50. .' Lately Issued.) ZA WSON [GEORGE), F. /,'. C. S., Ekgl.^ Assistant Surgeon totke Royal London OphtfidVmiC Hospital, Mnorfldds, Ac. INJURIES OF TUP] EYE, ORBIT, AND EYELIDS: their Imme- diat< and Remote Effects. With about one hundred illustrations. In one very hand lOtne octavo volume, extra cloth, $3 50. It is an admirable practical book in the highei-t and bout nense ot the phrase. — London Medical Timed, and Oasette, May 18, 1887. Henry C. Lea's Publications— (Surgery). 29 'DRY ANT (THOMAS), F.R.C.S., •*-* Surgeon to Guy's Hospital. THE PRACTICE OF SURGERY. With over Five Hundred En- gravings on Wood. In one large and very handsome octavo volume of nearly 1000 pages, extra cloth, $6 25 ; leather, raised bands, $7 25. {Just Ready.) Again, the author gives us his own practice, his own beliefs, aud illustrates by his own cases, or those treated iu Guy's Hospital. This feature adds joint emphasis, aud a solidity to his statements that inspire confidence. One feels himself almost by the side of the surgeon, seeing his work aud hearing his living words. The views, etc , of other surgeons are con- sidered calmly and fairly, but Mr. Bryanfs are adopted. Thus the work is not a compilation of other writings; it is not an encyclopaedia, but the plain statements, on practical points, of a man who has lived and breathed and had his being in the richest surgical experience. The whole profession owe a debt of gratitude to Mr. Bryant, for his work iu their behalf. We are confident that the American profession will give substantial testimonial of their feelings towards both author and publisher, by speedily exhausting this edition. We cordially and heartily commend it to our friends, and think that no live surgeon can afford to be without it — Detroit Review of Med. and Pharmacy, August, 1873. As a manual of the practice of surgery for the use of tbe student, we do not hesitate to pronounce Mr. Bryant's book a first-rate work. Mr. Bryant has a good deal of the dogmatic energy which goes with the clear, pronounced opinions of a man whose re- flections and experience have moulded a character not wanting in firmness and decision. At the same time he teaches with the enthusiasm of one who has faith in his teaching; he speaks as one having au- thority, and herein lies the charm and excellence of his work. He states the opinions of others freely and fairly, yet it is no mere compilation. The book coinbiues much of the merit of the manual with the merit of the monograph. One may recognize in almost every chapter of the ninety-four of which the work is made up the acuteness of a surgeon who has seen much, and observed closely, aud who gives forth the results of actual experience. In conclusion we repeat what we stated at fir^-t, that Mr. Bryant's book is one which we can conscientiously recommend both to practitioners and students as an admirable work. — Dublin Journ. of Med. Science, August, 1S73. Mr. Bryant has long been known to the reading portion of the profession as an able, clear, aud graphic writer upon surgical subjects. The volume before us is one eminently upon the practice of surgery and not one which treats at length on surgical pathology, though the views that are entertained upon this sub- ject are sufficiently interspersed through the work for all practical purposes. As a text-book we cheer- fully recommend it, feeling convinced that, from the subject-matter, and the concise and true way Mr. Bryant deals with his subject, it will prove a for- midable rival among the numerous surgical text- books which are offered to the student. — N. Y. Med. Record, June, 1873. This is, as the preface states, an entirely new book, aud contains in a moderately condensed form all the surgical information necessary to a general practi- tioner. It is written in a spirit consistent with the ipresent improved standard of medical and surgical science. — American Journal of Obstetrics, August, 1S73. VTTELLS {J. SOELBERG), ' " Professor of Ophthalmology in King's College Hospital, &c. A TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE EYE. Second American, from the Third and Revised London Edition, with additions; illustrated with numerous engravings on wood, and six colored plates Together with selections from the Test-types of Jaeger and Snellen. In one large and very handsome octavo volume of nearly 800 pages; cloth, $5 00; leather, $6 00. (Just Ready.) The continued demand for this work, both in England and this country, is sufficient evidence that the author has succeeded in his effort to supply within a reasonable compass :> full practical digest of ophthalmology iu its most modern aspects, while the call for repeated editions has en- abled him in his revisions to maintain its position abreast of the most recent investigations and improvements. In again reprinting it, every effort has been made to adapt it thoroughly to the wants of the American practitioner. Such additions as seemed desirable have been introduced by the editor, Dr. I. Minis Hays, and the number of illustrations has been largely increased. The importance of test-types as an aid to diagnosis is so universally acknowledged at the present day that it seemed essential to the completeness of the work that they should be added, and as the author recommends the use of those both of Jaeger and of Snellen for different purposes, selec- tions have been made from each, so that the practitioner may have at command all the assist- ance necessary. Although enlarged by one hundred pages, it has been retained at the former very moderate price, rendering it one of the cheapest volumes before the profession. A few notices of the previous edition are subjoined. In this respect the work before us is of much more . found difficult to the student, he has dwelt at length service to the general practitioner than those heavy compilations which, in giving every person's views, too often neglect to specify those which are most in accordance with the author's opinions, or in general acceptance. We have no hesitation in recommending this treatise, as, on the whole, of all English works on the subject, the one best adapted to the wants of the general practitioner.— Edinburgh Med. Journal, March, 1S70. A treatise of rare merit. It is practical, compre- hensive, and yet concise. Upon those subjects usually and entered into full explanation. After a careful perusal of its contents, we can unhesitatingly com- mend it to all who desire to consult a really good work on ophhtalmic science. — Leavenworth Mde. Her- ald, Jan. 1870. Without doubt, one of the best works upon the sub ject which has ever been published ; it is complete on the subject of which it treats, and is a necessary work for every physician who attempts to treat diseases of the eye. — Dominion Med. Journal, Sept. 1869. " .A URENGE {JOHN Z.), F. R. C. S., Editor of the Ophthalmic Review, &e. A HANDY-BOOK OF OPHTHALMIC SURGERY, for the use of Practitioners. Second Edition, revised and enlarged. With numerous illustrations. In one very handeome octavo volume, extra cloth, $3 00. (Lately Issued.) For those, however, who must assume the care of diseases and injuries of the eye, and who are too much pressed for time to study the classic works on the subject, or those recently published by Stellwag, Wells, Bader, and others, Mr. Laurence will prove a safe and trustworthy guide. He has described in this edition those novelties which have secured the confi- dence of the profession since the appearance of his last. The volume has been considerably enlarged and improved by the revision and additions of its author, expressly for the American edition. — Am. Journ. Med. Sciences, Jan. 1S70. 80 Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Surgery, &c). WHOMPSON[SIR HENRY), A Surgeon and Professor of Clinical Surgery to University College Hospital. LECTURES ON DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. With illustrations on wood. In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth. $2 25. These lectures stand the severe test. They are in- I deal hints so useful for the student, and even more structive without being tedious, and simple -without valuable to the young practitioner. — Edinburgh Med. being diffuse; and they include many of those prac- | Journal, April, 1S69. j^7 THE SAME AUTHOR. ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF STRICTURE OF THE URETHKA AND URINARY FISTULA. With plates and wood-cuts. From the third and revised English edition. In one very handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, $3 50. {Lately Publislied.) This classical work has so long been recognized as a standard authority on its perplexing sub- jects that it should be rendered accessible to the American profession. Having enjoyed the advantage of a revision at the hands of the author within a few months, it will be found to present his latest views and to be on a level with the most recent advances of surgical science. With a work accepted as the authority upon the I ably known by the profession as this before us, must subjects of which it treats, an extended notice would | create a demand for it from those who would keep be a work of supererogation. The simple auuounce- I themselves well up in this department of surgery. — tnent of another edition of a work so well and favor- | St. Louis Med. Archives, Feb. 1870. JDT THE SAME AUTHOR. {Just Ready.) THE DISEASES OF THE PROSTATE, THEIR PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT. Fourth Edition, Revised. In one very handsome octavo volume of 355 pages, with thirteen plates, plain and colored, and illustrations on wood. Cloth, $3 75. This work is recognized in England as the leading authority on its subject, and in presenting it to the" American profession, it is hoped that it will be found a trustworthy and satisfactory guide in the treatment of an obscure and important class of affections. STALES [PHILIP S.), M. D., Surgeon U.S.N. MECHANICAL THERAPEUTICS: a Practical Treatise on Surgical Apparatus, Appliances, and Elementary Operations : embracing Minor Surgery, Band- aging, Orthopraxy, and the Treatment of Fractures and Dislocations. With six hundred and forty-two illustrations on wood. In one large and handsome octavo volume of about 700 pages : extra oloth, $5 75 ; leather, $6 75. rPAYLOR [ALFRED S.), M.D., *• Lecturer on Med. Jurisp. and Chemistry in Guy's Hospital. MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE. Seventh American Edition. Edited by John J. Reese, M.D., Prcf. of Med. Jurisp. in the Univ. of Penn. In one large octavo volume. Cloth, $5 00 ; leather, $6 00. {Now Ready.) In preparing for the press this seventh American edition of the " Manual of Medical Jurispru- dence" the editor has, through the courtesy of Dr. Taylor, enjoyed the very great advantage of consulting the sheets of the new edition of the author's larger work, " The Principles and Prac- tice of Medical Jurisprudence," which is now ready for publication in London. This has enabled trim to introduce the author's la. est \iews upon the topics discussed, which are believed to bring the work fully up to the present time. The notes of the former editor, Dr. Hartshorne, as also the numerous valuable references to American practice and decisions by his successor, Mr. Penrose, have been retained, with but few Blight exception^ j they will be found inclosed lb brackets, distinguished by the letters (II.) and (P.). The additions made 1-y the present editor, from the material at his command, amount to sboni one hundred pages; and bis own notes are designated by the letter (R.). Several Subjects, Dot treated of in the former edition, have been noticed in the present one, and the work, it is hoped, will be found to merit a continuance of the confidence which it has so long enjoyed as a standard authority. JjY THE SAME AUTHOR. [Now Realty.) tiii: im;inciimt:s and practice of medical jurispru- DENCB. Sec, nd Edition, Reviled, with numerous Illustrations. In two very large octavo volumes, doth, $10 00 j leather, $12 00 Thi greal work- is now recognized in England as the fullest and most authoritative treatise on every department of its important subject, In laying it, in its improved form, before the Ameri- can profession, the publisher trusts that it will assume the same position in this country. Henry C. Lea's Publications— (Psychological Medicine, Sc). 31 rPUKE {DANIEL BACK), M.D., -*- Joint author of " The Manual of Psychological Medicine" &c. ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE MIND UPON THE BODY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. Designed to illustrate the Action of the Imagination. In one handsome octavo volume of 416 pages, extra cloth, $3 25. (Now Ready.) The object of the author in this work has been to show not only the effect of the mind in caus- ing and intensifying disease, but also its curative influence, and the use which may be made of the imagination and the emotions as therapeutic agents. Scattered facts bearing upon this sub- ject have long been familiar to the profession, but no attempt has hitherto been made to collect and systematize them so as to render them available to the practitioner, by establishing the seve- ral phenomena upon a scientific basis. In the endeaVor thus to convert to the use of legitimate medicine the means which have been employed so successfully in many systems of qua*ckery, the author has produced a work of the highest freshness and interest as well as of permanent value. OLANDFORD {G. FIELDING), M. D., F. R. C P., J-* Lecturer on Psychological Medicine at the School of St. George's Hospital, &c. INSANITY AND ITS TREATMENT: Lectures on the Treatment, Medical and Legal, of Insane Patients. With a Summary of the Laws in force in the United States on tke Confinement of the Insane. By Isaac Ray, M. D. In one very handsome octavo volume of 471 pages: extra cloth, $3 25. (Just Issued.) This volume is presented to meet the want, so frequently expressed, of a comprehensive trea- tise, in moderate compass, on the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of insanity. To render it of more value to the practitioner in this country, Dr. Ray has added an appendix which affords in- formation, not elsewhere to be found in so accessible a form, to physicians who may at any moment be called upon to take action in relation to patients. It satisfies a want which must have been sorely- felt by the busy general practitioners of this country. It takes the form of a manual of clinical description of the various forms of insanity, with a description of the mode of examining persons suspected of in- sanity. We call particular attention to this feature of the book, as giving it a unique value to the gene- ral practitioner. If we pass from theoretical conside- rations to descriptions of the varieties ofinsanity as actually seen in practice and the appropriate treat- ment for them, we find in Dr. Blandford's work a considerable advance over previous writings on the subject. His pictures of the various forms of mental disease are so clear and good tbat no reader can fail to be struck with their superiority to those given in ordinary manuals in the English language or (so far as our own reading extends) in any other.— London Practitioner, Feb. 1871. W: INSLOW {FORBES), M.D., D.C.L., £c. ON OBSCURE DISEASES OF THE BRAIN AND DISORDERS OF THE MIND; their incipient Symptoms, Pathology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Pro- phylaxis. Second American, from the third and revised English edition. In one handsome octavo volume of nearly 600 pages, extra cloth. $4 25. TEA {HENRY C). SUPERSTITION AND FORCE: ESSAYS ON THE WAGER OF LAW, THE WAGER OF BATTLE, THE ORDEAL, AND TORTURE. Second Edition, Enlarged. In one handsome volume royal 12mo. of nearly 500 pages; extra cloth, $2 75. (Lately Published.) interesting phases of human society and progress. . . The fulness and breadth with which he has carried out bis comparative survey of this repulsive field of history [Torture], are such as to preclude our doing justice to the work within our present limits. But here, as throughout the volume, there will be found a wealth of illustration and a critical grasp of the philosophical import of facts which will render Mr. Lea's labors of sterling value to the historical stu- dent. — London Saturday Review, Oct. 8, 1870. We know of no single work which contains, in so small a compass, so much illustrative of the strangest operations of the human mind. Foot-notes give the authority for each statement, showing vast research and wonderful industry. We advise our confreres to read this book and ponder its teachings. — Chicago Med. Journal, Aug. 1870. As a work of curious inquiry on certain outlying points of obsolete law, "Superstition and Force" is •tie of the most remarkable books we have met with. —London Athenaum, Nov. 3, 1866. He has thrown a great deal of light upon what must be regarded as one of the most instructive as well as As a book ofready reference on the subject, it is of the highest value. — Westminster Review, Oct. 1867. DI THE SAME AUTHOR. (Late' y Published.) STUDIES IN CHURCH HISTORY— THE RISE OF THE TEM- PORAL POWER— BENEFIT OF CLERGY— EXCOMMUNICATION. In one large royal 12mo. volume of 516 pp. extra cloth. $2 75. The story was never told more calmly or with greater learning or wiser thought. We doubt, indeed, if any other study of this field can be compared with this for clearness, accuracy, and power. — Chicago Examiner, Dec. 1870. Mr. Lea's latest work, "Studies in Church History," fully sustains the promise of the first. It deals with three subjects— the Temporal Power, Benefit of Clergy, and Excommunication, the record of which has a peculiar importance for the English student, and is a chapter on Ancient Law likely to be regarded as final. We can hardly pass from our mention of such works as these — with which that on "Sacerdotal Celibacy" should be included— without noting the literary phenomenon that the head of one of the first American houses is also the writer of some of its most original books.— London Athenceum, Jan. 7, 1S71. Mr. Lea has done great honor to himself and this country by the admirable works he has written on ecclesiologicaland cognate subjects. We have already had occasion to commend his " Superstition and Force" and his "History of Sacerdotal Celibacy." The present volume is fully as admirable in its me- thod of dealing with topics aud in the thoroughness— a quality so frequently lacking in American authors — with which they are investigated. — N. ¥. Journal of Psychol. Medicine, July, 1870. 32 Henry C. Lea's Publications. INDEX TO CATALOGCJE. American Journal of the Medical Sciences American Chemist (The) .... Abstract, Half-Yearly, of the Med Sciences Anatomical Atlas, by Smith and Horner Anderson on Diseases of the Skin Ashton on the Rectum and Anus . Attfieid's Chemistry Ashwell on Diseases of Females . Ashhurst's Surgery Barnes on Diseases of Women Bellamy's Surgical Anatomy Bryant's Practical Surgery . Bloxam's Chemistry Blandford on Insanity . Basham on Renal Diseases . Brinton on the Stomach Bigelow on the Hip Barlow's Practice of Medicine Bowman's (John E.) Practical Chemistry Bowman's (John E.) Medical Chemistry Buckler on Bronchitis .... Bumstead on Venereal .... Bumstead and Cullerier's Atlas of Venereal Carpenter's Human Physiology . Carpenter's Comparative Physiology . Carpenter on the Use and Abuse of Alcohol Carson's Synopsis of Materia Medica . Chambers on the Indigestions Chambers's Restorative Medicine Christison and Griffith's Dispensatory Churchill's System of Midwifery . Churchill on Puerperal Fever Condie on Diseases of Children . Cooper's (B. B.) Lectures on Surgery . Culferier's Atlas of Venereal Diseases Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine . Dalton's Human Physiology . De Jongh on Cod-Liver Oil . D e wees' s System of Midwifery Dewees on Diseases of Females . Dewees on Diseases of Children . Druitt's Modern Surgery Dunglison's Medical Dictionary . Dunglison's Human Physiology . Dunglison on New Remedies Ellis's Medical Formulary, by Smith . Erichsen's System of Surgery Fenwick's Diagnosis .... Flint on Respiratory Organs . Flint on the Heart . .• Flint's Practice of Medicine . Fownes's Elementary Chemistry . Fox on Diseases of the Stomach . Fulleron the Lungs, &c. Green's Pathology and Morbid Anatomy Gibson's Surgery G luge's Pathological Histology, by Leidy Galloway's Qualitative Analysis . Gray's Anatomy Griffith's (R. E.) Universal Formulary Gross on Foreign Bodies in Air-PassageB 1 1 rose's Principles and Practice of Surgery Gross's Pathological Anatomy Guersant on Surgical Diseases of Children Hamilton on Dislocation* and Fractures Hartshorne's Essential- of Medicine . Hartshorne's Conspectus of the Medical Sciences Hartshorne's Anatomy and Physiology Heath's Practical Anatomy . Hoblyn'l Medical Dictionary Hodge OB Women ..... 'a Obstetrics ■ Practical Dissections ;.|'h Medical Not'-* and Reflections Horner's anatomy and Histology D on FeverB .... if ill on Venereal Diseases i Handbook "i Skin Diseases ind Bieveking'i Pathological Anatomy I Handfieldjon Nervous Disorders Klrkes' Physiology Knafp's Chemical Technology PAGE ] dged Lea's Superstition and Force Lea's Studies in Church History . Leishrnan's Midwifery , La Roche on Yellow Fever . La Roche on Pneumonia, &c. Laurence and Moon's Ophthalmic Surgery Lawson on the Eye .... Laycock on Medical Observation . Lehmann's Physiological Chemistry, 2 vols Lehmann's Chemical Physiology . Ludlow's Manual of Examinations Lyons on Fever ..... Maclise's Surgical Anatomy . Marshall's Physiology .... Medical News and Library . i Meigs's Obstetrics, the Science and the Art ; Meigs's Lectures on Diseases of Women j Meigs on Puerperal Fever I Miller's Practice of Surgery . ' Miller's Principles of Surgery Montgomery on Pregnancy . Morland on Urinary Organs . Morland on Uraemia .... ; Neill and Smith's Compendium of Med. Science Neligan's Atlas of Diseases of the Skin Neligan on Diseases of the Skin . Obstetrical Journal .... Odling's Practical Chemistry Pavy on Digestion . . Prize Essays on Consumption Parrish's Practical Pharmacy Pirrie's System of Surgery . Pereira's Mat. Medica and Therapeutics, ab Quain and Sharpey's Anatomy, by Leidy Ranking's Abstract .... Roberts on Urinary Diseases . Ramsbotham on Parturition . Rigby's Midwifery Royle's Materia Medica and Therapeutics Swayne's Obstetric Aphorisms Sargent's Minor Surgery Sharpey and Quain's Anatomy, by Leidy Simon's General Pathology . • . Skey's Operative Surgery Slade on Diphtheria .... Smith (J. L.) on Children Smith (H. H.) and Horner's Anatomical Atlas Smith (Edward) on Consumption . Smith on Wasting Diseases of Children Solly on Anatomy aud Diseases of the Brai Stille's Therapeutics .... Sturges on Clinical Medicine Tanner's Manual of Clinical Medicine . Tanner on Pregnancy .... Taylor's Medical Jurisprudence . Taylor's Principles and Practice of Med Ju Tuke on the Influence of the Mind Thomas on Diseases of Females . Thompson on Urinary Organs Thompson on Stricture .... Thompson on the Prostate Todd on Acute Diseases .... Wales on Surgical Operations Walshe on the Heart .... Watson's Practice of Physic . Wells on the Eye West on Diseases of Females Weston Diseases of Children West on Nervous Disorders of Children Weston Ulceration of Os Uteri What to Observe in Medical Cases Williams on Consumption Wilson s Human Anatomy . Wilson on Diseases of the Skin . WllSOfl'a I lates on Diseases of the Skin Wilson's Handbook of Cutaneous Medicine Wilson on Spermatorrhoea . . . Winslow on Brain and Mind WUhler's Organic Chemistry Winckel on Childbed Zeiss! on Venereal risp PAGE 31 For For The Amkimcan Chemist" Five Dollars a year, see p. 11. The Obstetrical Journal" Five Dollars a year, see p. 22. H 81 3^ I