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? 
 
THE HISTORY 
 
 Cape lay County, 
 
 NEW JERSEY, 
 
 KKOM 
 
 THE ABORIGINAL TIMES 
 
 TO 
 
 THE PRESENT DAY, 
 
 EM K RACING 
 
 AN ACCOUNT OF THE ABORIGINES; THE DUTCH IN DELAWARE BAY- 
 
 i, THE SETTLEMENT OK THE COUNTY: THE WHALING: THE GROWTH 
 
 OI THE VILLAGES; THE REVOLUTION AND PATRIOTS : THE 
 
 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT; THE WAR 
 
 OF i8n; THE PROGRESS OF THE COUNTY; AND THE 
 
 SOLDIERS OF THE CIVIL WAR. 
 
 BY 
 
 Lewis Townsend Stevens. 
 
 Illustrated. 
 
 CAPE MAY CITY, N. J. 
 
 LkWTS T. StEVKXS, FlBI.I.'SHKK. 
 
 1897. 
 
 ■^v^o 
 
 1 
 
Entered according to act of Congress, in 1897, by 
 LEWIS T. STEVENS, 
 In the office of the Librarian of (Congress, at Washington. D. C. 
 
 <k 
 
 
 PRESS OF THa 
 
 STAK OF THE CAPE PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 CAPE MAY, N. J. 
 
 / 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 '"The History of Cape May County'" is the result of many 
 years of research, and the author hopes that it will meet with 
 the approbation of the public. Some ten years ago the au- 
 thor began the keeping of a sera]) book of Cajjc May county 
 historv, among- other things, and this constant accumulation 
 of facts resulted, about a year ago, in a determination on the 
 I)art of the author to prepare a history (jf the county, which 
 would portray its gradual development and the progress of 
 its people from the earliest times. The cause which led to 
 its iM'eparation principally was the fact that nt) history had ^ 
 ever before been published, excepting the sketch of Y)x. 
 Maurice Beeslev, in 1857, which contained only fifty printed 
 pages. 
 
 The information obtained for this volume was largely sup- 
 plemented from the collections of the New York Historical 
 Society, the New Jersey Historical Society and the Pennsyl- 
 vania Historical Society. Many facts were gathered also 
 from the articles of Francis B. Lee, Esq., of Trenton, and 
 the author has also been aided in his work by Colonel J. 
 Granville Leach, of Philadelphia; County Clerk Edward L. 
 Rice, and Mr. Aaron Learning. The diaries of Aaron Lea- 
 rning the first, of Aaron Learning the second, and of Jacob 
 Spicer the second have been perused and liberal extracts 
 made from the same. The work of Dr. P.eesley has been 
 w^oven into this volume and proper credit given to him 
 for every fact for which he is responsible. 
 
 The county of Cape May has a most honorable history 
 and the one aim of the author has been to tell the facts as he 
 finds them and yet try to keep aw-ay from the drv^ness which 
 characterizes such works. There may be errors in the vol- 
 ume, but the author has been very careful in the verification 
 of dates and names. The different ways of spelling family 
 names is caused by the literal copying of the records from 
 which they are taken. 
 
 If this volume serves to preserve to the people the history 
 of the county, the author will feel that he has been repaid 
 for his efforts. LEWIS T. STEVENS. 
 
 Cape May, May 15, 1897. 
 
ODE TO CAPE MAY. 
 
 By Theophilus T. Price, M. D. 
 
 Tune: "Dearest May." 
 
 (Revised by the author for this work.) 
 Dear land of my nativity! 
 
 And scene of childhood's play, 
 I fondly sing my love to thee 
 
 In humble, fervent lay. 
 Let others roam who have a mind; 
 
 With thee I'd rather stay, 
 For many ties there are that bind 
 
 My heart to thee. Cape Alay. 
 
 CHORUS:— 
 
 Cape May! Cape May! 
 
 My thoughts to thee will stray 
 With fond delight, in memories bright, 
 
 When I am far awa}-. 
 
 Thy svmny skies look down serene 
 
 Where warbling woodlands lay; 
 And fertile fields stretch out between 
 
 The ocean and the bay. 
 And health on everv breeze is borne 
 
 That o'er thee takes its way; 
 And plenty pours her teeming horn 
 
 Into thy lap. Cape May. 
 Chorus. 
 
'J'liy dauglilcrs' praise truth j;la(ll\ sjnaks, 
 
 While fond emotions rise; 
 The glow of beauty gilds their checks 
 
 And sparkles in their eyes; 
 And hearts of love and tcndernes.-. 
 
 W' ithin their bosoms play ; 
 Their virtues fair adorn and bless 
 
 Thy ha])py bonus, Cape May! 
 Ch(jrus. 
 
 Thy sons, a generous patriot band, 
 
 Hospitable and brave. 
 Love loyally their native land, 
 
 Their homes, and circling wave; 
 Bold arc their hearts where duty lies. 
 
 Or honor points the way; 
 And noble, honest men arise, 
 
 Thy proudest boast. Cape May ! 
 Chorus. 
 
 I love to breathe thy healthful air; 
 
 I love thy sky and sea ; 
 I love thee, for my friends are here. 
 
 And all that's dear to me. 
 I love thee, for thou art my home, 
 
 And wheresoe'er I stray 
 The golden chain of memory 
 
 Still binds me to Cape May! 
 
 Chorus : Cape May ! Cape May ! etc. 
 
Contents. 
 
 Chapter 1 — The Indians and the D^itch Explorers.... 9 
 
 Chapter II — Pioneers and Whaling 2J 
 
 Chapter III — The Settlers and Their New Homes.... 36 
 Chapter IV — Life Early in the Eighteenth Century... 59 
 Chapter V — Development of Rf^ligious Denominations 70 
 Chapter \T — Alaritime Tendencies and Cattle Owning 79 
 
 Chapter \'II — Ancient Loans and Taxes 90 
 
 Chapter \' III — The Religious Centre iversies 98 
 
 Chapter IX — West Jersey Society Rights 106 
 
 Chapter X — Jacob Spicer and His Sayings 116 
 
 C.iapter XI — Aaron Learning and His Times 132 
 
 Chapter XII— John Hatton, the Tory 143. 
 
 Chapter XIII — Preparations for War 171 
 
 Chapter XR'' — The Revolution Begins 183 
 
 Chapter XV — Cape May Patriots 195 
 
 Chapter X\'l — The Ending and Independence 20S 
 
 Chapter X\ II — The County in 1800 224 
 
 Chapter XVIII— The War' of .1812 2^^ 
 
 Chapter XIX — Progress After the War 248 
 
 Chapter XX — Xoted ]\Ien of a Generation 267 
 
 Chapter XXI — The Decade Before the Rebellion. .. .280 
 
 Chapter XXH — Opening of the Civil War 301 
 
 Chapter XXII — First Xevv Jersey Cavahy 316" 
 
 Chapter XXIV — The Enlistments of 1862 328 
 
 Chapter XXA' — The Campaigns of '1864 and 1865. . . .344 
 
 Chapter XXVI — Life Following the Rebellion 355 
 
 Chapr(^r XX\'II — Fifteen Years of Prosperity 375 
 
 Chapter XXVIII — Distinguished Visitors 393 
 
 Chapter XXIX — Cape Island 405 
 
 Chapter XXX — Cape Afay City 429^ 
 
I'liajtcr XXX 1 — The iSoroughs 445 
 
 Appendix A — Members of the Legislature 450 
 
 Appendix ]) — Hoards of Freeliolders 4:^:5 
 
 AppiMidix C — County ( )fficials 46:; 
 
 Appendix E — Munieipal ( )ffieers 4-2 
 
 Appendix I) — Postmasters 465 
 
 Api tn(hx i'" — Table of Population 480 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 ['ag-e 43 — For "Thomas Caesar Hoskins" read "Thomas 
 Hand, Caesar Hoskins." 
 
 Pag^e 206 — For "Daniel Ganetson" read "Daniel Garret- 
 son." 
 
 Page 338 — For "\\'il]ol)y Snyder" read "Willoby Souder." 
 
 Page 360 — For "Aliss Emma T. Brooks" read "Aliss Emma 
 T. Sutton." 
 
 Page 393 — For "thunpike" read "shunpike." 
 
 Page 423— For "Alashel" read "Maskel." 
 
Illustrations. 
 
 Cold Si)ria,i>- I'li'sbyleiian Cliuvdi Frontispiece 
 
 Maj) of Cap*' May County I77 
 
 Tovvuseud C<iat of Anns 37 
 
 SteamUoat Lainliuw. Ca]t<' May Point, iu 185!) 189 
 
 Con;;-ivjss Hall, Gape Island, in ISoi) 211 
 
 The Oirlton, Cai)o May Point 235 
 
 President Harrison's Cotla«e, Cape May Point 245 
 
 Marine \'illa, Cai)e May 251 
 
 Joslnia. Townsend . . 254 
 
 The Jail of 1829 257 
 
 Rev. Moses Williamson 201 
 
 Jonathan Hand 208 
 
 James I>. Smitli 270 
 
 Josepli S. l/oach 280 
 
 The Coui-t Houise 283 
 
 Jesse H. l>i verty 288 
 
 Dr. Ma uri(^e Beesley 289 
 
 William S. Hoo]>er 291 
 
 Georse VV. Smith 313 
 
 Henry \V. Sa wyer 319 
 
 William J. Sewell 347 
 
 Joo-athan V. I^ieaming 353 
 
 Clerk's and SuiTog:ate's Offices 357 
 
 Thonifls R. Biooks 300 
 
 Richard S. 1 .ea miua; 367 
 
 Dr. Alexander Young 308 
 
 Joseph E. Huy;hes 309 
 
 William T. Steveus 370 
 
 Waters B. Miller 378 
 
 Alfred Coojmm- 381 
 
 Thomas E. Ludlam 388 
 
 Df. Walter S. l.eaminj; 390 
 
 Eu^eae C. Cole a9l 
 
 Dr. Amia U. Ma nd 397 
 
 The Jail of 1894 399 
 
 Edirnind L. Rn.ss 400 
 
 And''*^\v J. Tonilin 401 
 
 The S^ u.i ^rvffue, Woodbine 402 
 
 Aaron' W ''Mid 403 
 
 Robei't K. T fan.l 404 
 
 First Baptist Chn; eh. (\-ii»e May 421 
 
 Dr. James Me^-ra v 430 
 
 Joseph Q. Williams 432 
 
 Frederick J. Melvin 435 
 
 James M. K. Hildrelh 441 
 
HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 THE INDIANS AND THE DUTCH EXPLUKiUS, 
 The first inhabitants of what is now the county of Cape 
 May, as far as history teaches us, were the red nicn of the 
 forest. These aborigines were of that great tribe of the Al- 
 gonquins, which had their first home about Ottawa, Canada, 
 and being of a roaming and nomadic disposition, more so 
 than most other famihes, they naturally cared little for agri- 
 cultural pursuits and wandered over the coiuitry and were 
 found cast of the Mississippi River, througli aii the Al:(idle, 
 Xorthcrn Central and New England States. Of all the 
 tribes who were most unfortunate were the Algonquins. 
 Disease took thousands of them away and the greerVy set- 
 tlers killed them off like birds. The branch of the Algon- 
 quins which inhabited New Jersey were the Lenni-Lmapes, 
 who happily were treated honorably and paid for their land 
 bv the settlers the prices demanded by their chiefs. In- 
 dians, as all know, are fond of game and during the hunt- 
 ing season Cape May had its share of the inhabitants of the 
 forest. Birds of varieties abounded. Wilson, the ornithol- 
 ogist, who did most of his writing and studying at Becsley's 
 Point, said, "If birds are good judges of excellence in cli- 
 mate, Cape May has the finest climate in the Ignited States, 
 for it has the greatest variety of l)irds." 
 
 The last king of the Lenni-Lenapes, King Nummy, is 
 buried on Nummy Island near Hereford Inlet, and it is said 
 that all Indians left the county after the ceremony of burial 
 and journeyed to Indiana, settling on the banks of the 
 Wabash river. • ' 
 
 The Lenni-Lenapes were called often the Delawares, and 
 were the most influential tribe in this section, as well as the 
 
10 Hi SI OH V oi' CAPr: may cotxty. 
 
 most peaceable. The name of the particular tribe inhabiting 
 Cape May county, living; at Cape May Point, was the Kech- 
 ■emeches. The Delaware river was called the Whittuck, and 
 the province, now New Jersey, was called Skaakbee, or 
 Sheyichbi. The name of Tuckahoe is of Indian origin, and 
 mieans where deer are shy or difficult to approach. Hunting 
 for deer about the head of that river, which was enjoyed by 
 the Indian, was induiijed in by the residents of the county 
 ■until 1890, since which time very few have been seen there. 
 
 It has been supposed by many that the number of aborig- 
 ines in this State when first visited by Europeans was con- 
 siderable. That they were very numerous in this county 
 there cannot be any doubt, from the great quantities of 
 shells found contiguous to the seaboard. Many hundreds 
 of bushels are to be seen, in numerous places in one mass, 
 and the soil in many places abounds with them and is en- 
 riched thereby. There is a singular, and perhaps, unac- 
 countable fact, respecting these deposits; the shells are, uni- 
 versally, so broken that seldom a piece is found larger than 
 a shilling. Many Indian relics have been discovered, such 
 as isinglass, medals, stone hatchets, arrow heads, earthen- 
 ware of a rough description, beads, javelin heads, etc. 
 
 Dr. Maurice Beesley, in his "Sketch of the Early History 
 oi Cape May" (1857), says of the Indians: 
 
 "Of the aborigines of Cape May little seems to be known. 
 It has been argued they were very inconsiderable at the ad- 
 vent of the Europeans. Plantagenet in 1648 speaks of a 
 tribe of Indians near Cape May, called Kechemeches, who 
 mustered about fifty men. The same author estimates the 
 whole number in West Jersey at eight hundred; and Old- 
 mixon, in 1708, computes that 'they had been reduced to 
 one-quarter of that number.' It cannot be denied by any 
 one who will view the seaboard of our county that they 
 were very numerous at one time here, which is evidenced 
 by town plats, extensive and numberless shell banks, arrow 
 heads, stone hatchets, burying grounds, and other remains 
 existing with us. One of these burying grounds is on the 
 'larm formerly Joshua Garretson's. near Beesley's Point, 
 which was first discovered by the plowman. The bones 
 (1826) were much decomposed, and some of the tibia or leg 
 
•niK IMHA.NS AM» 'IIIK IM'TCII li:Xl*L( MlTIItS. 11 
 
 l)ones bore uiiniistakable evidences of syi)liilis, one of the 
 fruits presented them by their Christian civiHzers. A skull 
 was exhumed whicli must liave I)elonged to one of great 
 rage, as the sutures were entirely obliterated, and the tables 
 firmly cemented together. hVom the superciliary ridges, 
 which were well developed, the frontal b(jne receded almost 
 on a direct line to the place of the occipital and parietal 
 sutures, leaving no forehead, and had the appearance of 
 Slaving been done by artificial means, as practiced at present 
 •on the Columbia among the I'lat Heads. A jaw-bone of 
 Jiuge dimensions was likewise found, which was coveted by 
 the observer: but the superstitions of the owner of the soil 
 ibelieving it was sacrilegious, and that he would be visited 
 T)y the just indignation of Heaven if he suffered any of the 
 teeth to be removed, j^revailed on us to return it again to its 
 jiiother earth. 
 
 '/ "In 1630, when sixteen miles square was purchased of 
 3iine Indian chiefs, it would infer their numbers must have 
 Ibeen considerable, or so numerous a list of chiefs could not 
 liave been found on a spot so limited. Yet. in 1692, we find 
 them reduced to fractional parts, and besotted with rum. 
 
 ''A tradition is related by some of the oldest inhabitants, 
 that in the early part of the eighteenth century the remnant 
 of Indians in the county, feeling themselves aggrieved in 
 various wavs by the presence of the whites, held a council 
 iin the evening in the woods back of Gravelly Run. at which 
 ithey decided to emigrate; which determination they carried 
 into effect the same night. Whither they went no one knew, 
 nor were they heard from afterwards. In less than fifty 
 years from the first settlement of the county the aborigines 
 had bid a final adieu to their ocean haunts and fishing 
 :gjounds. 
 
 "Less than two centuries ago Cape May, as well as most 
 •other parts of our State, was a wilderness; her fields and 
 lawns were dense and forbidding forests; the stately Indian 
 roved over her domain in his native dignity and grandeur, 
 lord of the soil, and master of himself and actions, with few 
 wants and numberless facilities for supplying them. Civili- 
 zation, his bane and dire enemy, smote him in a vital part: 
 lie dwindled before it as the reed before the flame : and was 
 
12 IIIS'iJKY OF CATE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 soon destroyed by its influence, or compelled to e33aiginafe 
 to other regions to prolong for a while the doom affix£.d ia- 
 his name and nation. 
 
 "The following (synopsis of an) Indian deed, and belaevfiS 
 to be the only one that has been handed down, was found 
 among the papers of Jacob Spicer, and is now in the pos- 
 session of Charles Ludlani, Esq.. of Dennisville. 
 
 "It was given January ist, 1687, by Panktoe to JoIik 
 Dennis, for a tract of land near Cape Island, viz.: 'Begin- 
 ning from the creek and so running up into the woodland, 
 along by Carman's line to a white oak tree, at the head of 
 the swamp, and running with marked trees to a white oak 
 by a pond joining to Jonathan Pine's bounds. All the lands 
 and marsh lying and between the bounds above mentioned 
 and Cape Island.' 
 
 "The witnesses were Abiah Edwards and John Carmaru 
 Panktoe's mark bore a striking resemblance to a Chinese 
 character." 
 
 It is a boast of the citizens of all New Jersey, and espe- 
 cially of the land owners, that not a foot of its soil was ever 
 taken by fraud or force from the red man. The first Dutck 
 settlers purchased theirs, as did the Swedes subsequently,. 
 and later the English Friends, or Quakers. And the suc- 
 ceeding proprietors all pursued the same honorable course. 
 
 During the period of exploration, in the sixteenth cen- 
 tury, Cape May's shores were probably seen by many bold 
 navigators who did not land. Being partially surrounded! 
 with water and with lonp", low marshes between the beaches 
 and the main land, and possessing no natural harbor for 
 vessels, excepting a slight one on the Delaware Bay side^ 
 just above the point of the cape, the hardy ocean voyager 
 pressed on to places more promising, where ships coul4 
 ride at anchor and be safe from the wind and storm. 
 
 John Cabot, the loyal Englishman, and son, Sebastian: 
 Cabot, who made a voyage to America in 1498, may have 
 seen Cape May and explored it, because it is recorded ttrat 
 he explored the coast of what is now New England and as 
 far south as Cape Hatteras. John de Verrazani, a Floren- 
 tine navigator, sailing under the flag of France, is also be- 
 lieved to have passed Cape May, and is believed to have 
 
THF, INDIANS ANI> Till: Dl TCIl EX I'Ll )l!i:i:S. 13 
 
 xounded the Cajx- in tlic sprin.L^- of 1524 in the "J )()li)liin." 
 The county was in tlic territon- clainud I)y \ errazani as 
 Xew France. 
 
 Cape May county, the boundan- of which has not lieen 
 changed to a very great extent since its organization, is 
 bounded on the north ]:)y the Tuckahoe river, wliich rises in 
 the great cedar swamp in the northern part of the county, 
 and which inter-locks with Dennis creek, the latter empty- 
 ing into the Delaware Bay. This cedar swamp in which 
 tliey rise stretches for seventeen miles across the county. 
 That portion of the land north of the Tuckahoe river was 
 first known as Gloucester county, but became Atlantic 
 coimty when the latter political division was formed. 
 
 Being a level county, with an alluvial formation, and with 
 the unpromising beaches along the ocean side, the early ex- 
 plorers who were hunting for gold mines had no time to 
 iarry long upon them. They left it for those who wanted 
 "So settle down to agricultural pursuits, for which the terri- 
 tory was excellently calculated. The beaches formed excel- 
 lent places for the pasture of cattle, and the sounds between 
 the beaches and main land were places to fish and gather 
 the clams and oysters which abounded in the waters. The 
 soil of the county was composed generally of sand, loam 
 and gravel, which was covered in many places with oak, 
 while in the northern end much pine was found. 
 
 By right of the discoveries of the Cabots the English 
 claimed about all of North America, and in 1584 King James 
 granted a patent to Sir Walter Raleigh, which embraced 
 the provinces of New Jersey and New York, then all one 
 and known under the name of Virginia. This grant he 
 soon ignored, and in 1606 granted a new charter for Vir- 
 ginia in wdiich was included the territory now known as the 
 New England States, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylva- 
 nia and Maryland, to the Duke of York, afterwards King 
 of England. 
 
 By this time New Jersey and adjacent lands were claimed 
 also by the Swedes and Dutch. Previous to this second 
 grant of King James I, about the year 1600. Balthazer 
 lloncheron, of Plolland, and several of his associated 
 patrons of discovery, moved by "terrors, sufferings and 
 
14 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY (OINTY. 
 
 failures of their explorers, abandoned the then prevailing: 
 idea of a northwest route to India, and left this question tO" 
 the English and Danes for settlement." But the works- 
 they had done acted as a sprouting seed, out of which came- 
 the Dutch East India Company's determination to make am 
 exploring move. The notion got into the heads of its offi- 
 cers, and against the advice of Moncheron, the Amsterdanix 
 directors became jealous of Denmark and England, and de- 
 cided to seek the route. Having received seventy-five per 
 centum dividend on their stock, they could easily afifor<f 
 the venture. "De Halve Maan" (Half Moon), of forty last 
 or eighty tons, with two masts, was fitted out for an arctic 
 voyage. Sir Henry Hudson, an Englishman, who had 
 already made two voyages to the new world in search of 
 the self-same passage, was tired of by his own country, and 
 happened to be in Amsterdam at the time. It was no 
 trouble for this powerful monopoly, the East India Com- 
 pany, to secure the services of Hudson, whose surname was 
 afterward changed to Hendrick. He was given charge of 
 the ship, assisted by an under skipper and twenty men- 
 Robert Juet was made Hudson's clerk and became historian 
 of the voyage. On the fourth of April, 1609, he set out for 
 the northern coast of Norway. He sailed northward until 
 icebergs drove him to turn the prow of his ship to the south. 
 In July he reached Newfoundland and later he explored 
 the coast of Maine, and in August he found himself in the 
 Chesapeake Bay. Sailing northward, on the 28th of the- 
 moi^th, he entered Delaware Bay, which was called South 
 Bay by the Dutch, and when barely escaping shipwreck- 
 ran the Half Moon inside the bay and anchored around the- 
 point of the Cape, probably opposite Town Bank. He- 
 spent a day in exploring about the Cape. Vander Donk 
 says in his account, ''The bay of the South river was the- 
 first place of which the men of the Halve Maan took pos- 
 session, before any Christian had been there." No settle- 
 ment was attempted by Hudson's crew. They sailed up- 
 along the bay side of the county for some distance, but en- 
 countering flats, which are common there to this day. turned 
 back, and Vander Donk reports "finding the water shoal^ 
 and the channel impeded by bars of sand, he did not ven- 
 
Till': IM>1A.\S AM) ri'lK DITCH EXI'LOKKItS. 15 
 
 ture to explore it." The craft then sailed north and into 
 North river, which has since taken the name of its explorer, 
 Hudson. 
 
 Hudson's explorations, with others, created a desire 
 among the tradesmen of the Netherlands to seek more 
 business, and in answer to the petition of a number of mer- 
 chants a general edict was issued by the States-General of 
 Holland on March 27th, 1614, for the encouragement oi 
 discovery and promotion and protection of an aborginal 
 trade. The . tates-Gcneral enacted that the disco'/'rers of 
 ''an\ new courses, havens, countries or places," should have 
 "tile exclusive privilege of resorting to and fre(|uenting the 
 same for four voyages," and all intruders were to l)e pun- 
 ished by a tine and a confiscation of their proi)erty. A num- 
 ber of merchants, principally of Amsterdam, formed a com- 
 pany tor the making of discoveries and to accept the benefit 
 of the edict. They fitted out five vessels to follow in the 
 wake of Hendrick Hudson, with Manhattan Island (now 
 New York) as their objective point, from which to begio' 
 their operations. ( )ne of these crafts was named the "I-'or-- 
 time," and sailed from Hoorn, a port in Northern Holland,, 
 with Cornelius jacobsen Mey as navigator. Another of 
 the five, also called the "I'^ortune," was in care of Com- 
 mander Hendrick Christiansen. The "Tiger," another,, 
 was navigated by Captain Aariaen Block. They made a^ 
 few discoveries and gave up their work. 
 
 The natural successors of this company was the Dutcfj 
 West India Com])any, which was formed in Holland ira 
 162 1. The States-General granted the Dutch West India 
 Company a charter in 1622, by which the company was 
 given possession of the whole of the domain of New Jer- 
 sey. On the 2 1 St of June of the year following it secured 
 the assent of the States-General to its prepared articles of 
 internal government for its colony. Three ships were fitted 
 out and a party of settlers made up, and all given into the 
 charge of Captain Cornelius Jacobsen Mey. He sailed in. 
 the "Blyde Broodschap" (Glad Tidings), well provided with 
 the means of subsistence and with articles of trade. Mey 
 was styled the VWst Director of New Netherlands. He 
 reached Manliattan Island in May, 1623, and then pro- 
 
16 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY fOT'XTY. 
 
 cecded to examine the coast where Hendrick Hudson had 
 preceded him fourteen years earHer. Mey encountered the 
 French, who had attempted to take possession, and repulsed 
 them, and a second time he met the French, who had re- 
 newed the attempt to take possession of "Zuyt Baai" (Dela- 
 ware Bay). We are told that the French were driven ofif by 
 the Dutch settlers and traders. 
 
 About four years previous to this Cornelius Hendrick- 
 sen, in the "Onrest," had been at Cape May and left a look- 
 out there. 
 
 It was during this voyage in 1623, to Delaware Bay, that 
 Captain Mey gave to the Cape his name, and christened it 
 Cape Mey, by which name it has ever since been known. 
 He explored the bay, which was called "Zuydt" by the 
 Dutch, while by the English "Delaware," and the Indians 
 "Pontaxit," and river, and at length built a fort at Techaa- 
 cho, upon a stream called by the natives Sassachon. This 
 stream is now called Timber Creek and empties into the 
 Delaware a few miles below Camden. He called it Fort 
 Nassau, and this may really be called the first attempt of a 
 settlement on the eastern shore of the Delaware river. Cap- 
 tain Mey announced to his home company the discovery of 
 "certain new populous and fruitful lands, along Zuydt 
 Riviere." He explored the Atlantic coast as far north as 
 Cape Cod. He named the bay of Xew York "Port Mey;" 
 the Delaware, "New Port Mey," its north cape, "Cape 
 Mey," and its routli c.ipe, "Cape Cornelius." Only one of 
 his designations has l)een handed down to posterity, and 
 that has undergone some change in its orthography; the 
 "e" l)eing changed to "a." The Delaware river was known 
 at this time under various names, some of which were 
 South, Nassau, Prince Kendrick's. and Charles'. 
 
 The West India Company, after the reports received from 
 Mey, endeavored, bv the offer of many advantages, to 'n • 
 duce others to engage with them. They granted charters 
 to individuals, subject only to Indian claims. Some pur- 
 chased through agents lands on both sides of the river. 
 When Captain Mey returned to Holland he left at Manhat- 
 tan Island several families, sailors and men to explore and 
 settle on the South river. 
 
'IHK INDIANS AM) '11 1 K DT'I'dl KX I'l.l >KKKS. 17 
 
 L'pon the voyages and discoveries of lludson and Mey 
 the name of New N'etlierlands was apphed to all the coun- 
 trv Iving on the coast l)etween Cape Cod and Cape Hen- 
 lopen. which claim was disputed 1)\- I'lance and (ireat 
 ]:)ritain. 
 
 Of Cornelius Jacobsen AFey, who was formally installed 
 <luring the summer of 1623. as first Director-Ceneral of 
 New Netherlands, many good things are said. " 'Tis bet- 
 ter to govern by love and friendship than by force," wrote 
 liis superiors in Holland: and he acted in the spirit of his 
 instructions to "the great contentment of his people." 
 Among the Indians at Fort Nassau, Mey's little colony of 
 "brides and grooms were unharmed, while at Fort Orange 
 •and Manhattan the Indians "were all as quiet as lambs, and 
 ■came and traded with all the freedom imaginable." When 
 at a time the residents of Manhattan were suffering from a 
 "want of clothes and stores, he supplied them from his ship. 
 
 Director \\llliam \^erhulst, a successor of Mey, in pre- 
 siding over New Netherlands, visited the Delaware in 1625, 
 -and extended his voyage up the river as far as the falls at 
 Trenton. 
 
 In the meanwhile that the Dutch were attempting to dis- 
 cover and colonize along the shores of the Delaware Bay 
 and river, King Gustavus Adolphus, of Sweden, at the sug- 
 gestion of William Usselinx, of Holland, who in 1590 had 
 proposed the Dutch West India Company, undertook to 
 found a colony on its banks also, but none of them are 
 known to have settled at Cape May. 
 
 In 1629 the West India Company endeavored to excite 
 individual enterprise into colonizing the country which they 
 now claimed. A number of the directors entered into a 
 scheme, the outcome of which was they called themselves 
 patroons for establishing colonies, in each of which were to 
 "be fifty settlers. Each patroon was granted a charter by the 
 ♦company, in which the patroon was given exclusive prop- 
 •erty in the large tracts of lands with extensive manorial 
 and seignorial rights. Thus encouraged, several of the 
 directors for whose use, probably, the charter was designed, 
 among them Godyn, Bloemmart. Pauuw and \'an Rense- 
 laer were most distinguished, resolved to make large terri- 
 
18 HISTORY OF CAl'E MAY COL'NTY. 
 
 torial acquisitions. These directors sent out from Amster- 
 dam three ships, and the whole management of the afifair 
 on this side of the Atlantic was entrusted to Wooter Van'. 
 Twiller, a clerk of the Amsterdam department of the com- 
 pany. He was to select the lands for the individual directors.. 
 He entered the Delaware Bay with a ship and party about 
 June 1st, 1629, a few days before the adoption of their char- 
 ter by Holland, and landed on the south side of the bay^ 
 where he bought of three chiefs of an Indian tribe there a. 
 tract of land for Godyn about Cape "Henloop." or "In- 
 loop," now known as Cape Henlopen. 
 
 As soon as the settlement on the south side of the bay 
 had become fairly inhabited. Skipper Peter Heyssen, of the- 
 ship Walrus, visited the Cape May shore and as agents of 
 Samuel Godyn and Samuel Bloemmaert, bought of ten In- 
 dian chiefs on, says an account. May 5, 1630, which sale was 
 afterwards made a matter of record under date of June 3,. 
 163 1, a tract of land four miles along the bay from Cape 
 May to the north, and extending four miles inland, con- 
 taining an area of sixteen square miles. The deed for this 
 land, which is still preserved among the old colonial rec- 
 ords, reads as follows: 
 
 "We, Director and Council of New Netherland. residing- 
 on the Island of Manhattan at Fort x\msterdam. under the 
 jurisdiction of Their Noble High Mightiness, the Lords- 
 State's-General of the United Netherlands and the Incor- 
 porated West India Company, Department of Amsterdam, 
 attest and declare herewith that to-day, date underwritten, 
 appeared Peter Heyssen, skipper of the ship "Walvis," at 
 present lying in the South river, and Gillis Hosset, com- 
 missary on the same, who declare that on the 5th day of 
 May, last past, before them appeared personally, Sawo- 
 wonwe, Wvoyt, Pemhake, Mekowetick, Techepepewoya,. 
 Mathemek, Sacoock, Anehoopeon. Janqueno and Paka- 
 hake, lawful owners, proprietors and inhabitants of the east 
 side of Goddyn's East bay, called Cape de Maye, wdio for 
 themselves in proportion of their own shares and for all the 
 other owners in regard to their shares of the same land, de- 
 clare of their own accord and deliberately in their said 
 
THK INDIANS ANI> TIIK Dl'ICII K\ 1'1.( tUKKS. 19 
 
 qualities, to liavc transporttd, ccckcl and conveyed as law- 
 ful, unalienable and free property by virtue and title of sale 
 and in consideration of a certain ((uantity of goods, which 
 they, the convevors, acknowledge in their said quality to 
 have received and accepted before the passing of this con- 
 tract, and they herewith transport, cede and convey, to and 
 in behoof of the Noble Honorable Samuel Godyn and 
 Samuel Bloemmaert (who are absent and for whom they 
 had accepted the hereafter described land subject to the 
 usual reservation) to wit: the east side of Godyn"s bay or 
 Cape de Maye. reaching 4 miles from the said cape to- 
 wards the bav and 4 miles along the coast southward, and 
 another 4 miles inland, being 16 square miles, with all in- 
 terests, rights and privileges which were vested in them- 
 selves in their aforesaid ([uality. constituting and delegating 
 the aforesaid purchasers in their own stead as real and 
 actual owners thereof and giving and surrendering at the 
 same time to their Honors, full, absolute and irrevocable 
 power, authority and special charge, that tamquam actores 
 at procuratores in rem propriam the Noble Messrs. Godyn 
 and Bloemmaert or those who might hereafter receive their 
 property, enter u\fm. possess in peace, inhabit, cultivate, 
 keep. use. do with, trade and dispose of the afore described 
 land as they would do with their own inherited lands and 
 fiefs, without that they, the conveyors, shall have, reserve 
 or keep in the least degree any particle of claim, right or 
 privilege thereon, be it of ownership, authority or juris- 
 diction, but for the behalf as aforesaid, they herewith en- 
 tirely and absolutely desist from, give up, abandon and re- 
 nounce it now and forever, promising further not only to 
 keep, fulfil and execute firmly, inviolately and irrevocably 
 in infinitum this, their contract and what might be done 
 hereafter on the authority thereof, but also to deliver the 
 said tract of land and keep it free against everybody, from 
 any claim, challenge or incumbrance which any body might 
 intend to create ; as well as to have this sale and conveyance 
 approved and confirmed by the remainder of the co-owners, 
 for whom they are trustees: all this under the obligations 
 required by law, in good faith, without evil intent or deceit. 
 In testimonv whereof this has been confirmed by our usual 
 
20 HISTOUY OF CATE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 « 
 
 signature and our seal appended thereto. Done on the 
 aforesaid Island of Manhattan, at Fort Amsterdam, the 3d 
 of June, A. D. 1631." 
 
 The above patent and one for land on the south side of 
 the bay were issued by Peter Minuit. while Director of New 
 Netherland, and this is the only document found in Holland 
 by Mr. Brodhead, as having come down to the present time 
 from the West India Company, the rest having been sold 
 as waste paper. 
 
 Gillis Hosset, or Osset. was a colonist, born in Holland. 
 He was commander of the De Vries expedition, mentioned 
 later. He sailed from the Texel on December 12. 1630, in 
 the ship "Walrus.' He built a house on the Delaware side 
 of the bay, and because of an attempt to play a trick on 
 some Indians was killed by them in December, 1631. The 
 sixteen square miles which was purchased was in the pos- 
 session of the Lenni-Lenape Indians. This was the first 
 recorded purchase of the natives within the limits of the 
 State. 
 
 At the time of Godyn's and Bloemmaert's purchase the 
 marshes of Cape May were very "extensive and the sounds 
 and thoroughfares large. The inland waters were found to 
 abound in oysters, clams, crabs, and other shell fish." Noth- 
 ing is given in the old Dutch records, however, to prove 
 that a colony was at this time established in Cape May. 
 
 The tract for Pauuw was purchased on Staten Island 
 and about Hoboken, while a tract on the Hudson, near 
 Fort Orange, was secured by Van Twiller for \'an Rense- 
 laer. Godyn's territory was called "Swanwendael." 
 
 After Pieter Heyset concluded his purchase of the Cape 
 May county land he entered into the whaling industry. 
 
 The impracticability of these great exclusive grants was 
 subsequently discovered and condemned. Their ratifica- 
 tion were never obtained by the States-General until they 
 had admitted other directors to participate in the privileges. 
 
 In the course of time these directors formed an equal 
 partnership with David Pieterson de Vries, a navigator of 
 enterprise. They inmiediately planned to colonize the 
 shores of the Delaware, to plant tobacco and grain, and to 
 
THIO INDIANS AM) THE DrTCH KX I'lAHlKKS. 2\ 
 
 ^stablisli a whale and seal fishery. ( )f de Vries it is said 
 that he was wise in counsel, that he conciliated the Indians 
 of Swanwendael and Scheyichbi, and made the way smooth 
 for the following- settlers on both shores of the Delaware. 
 In 1631 he entered the Ltlaware and left a colony at 
 Hoornekill. near Boompjes Hoek (now i^ombay Hook). 
 He was the first resident patroon owner of Cape May, and 
 was a relig-ious and devout man. He went back to his 
 Hoornekill colony the next year, but found that they had 
 been massacred by the savages. "Finding the whale fish- 
 ery unsuccessful, he hastened his departure, and, with the 
 otiier colonists, proceeded to Holland by the way of Fort 
 Amsterdam" (New York). "Thus," says Gordon, "at the 
 expiration of twenty years from the discovery of the Dela- 
 ware bv Hudson, not' a single European remained upon its 
 
 shores." 
 
 De Vries. in his journal, says. "March 29th. 1633. found 
 that our people have caught seven whales; we could have 
 done more if we had good harpoons, for they had struck 
 seventeen fish and only saved seven." 
 
 "An immense flight of pigeons is obscuring the sky. The 
 14th. sailed over to Cape May, where the coast trended E. 
 N. E. and S. W. Came at evening to the mouth of Egg 
 Harbor; found between Cape May and Egg Harbor a 
 slight sand beach, full of small, low sand hills. Egg Har- 
 bor is a little river or kill, and inside the land is broken, 
 and within the bay are several small islands. Somewhere 
 further up in the same direction is a beautiful high wood." 
 This was probably Somer's or Beesley's Point, clothed in 
 its primitive growth of timber. 
 
 In 1638 anumber of Swedes entered the bay and were 
 ordered ofif by the officials of the Dutch West India Com- 
 pany. At the time all the Swedes were told to leave their 
 possessions. The Swedes who entered the bay said that 
 they were on their way to the West Indies and had put into 
 "Zuydt" bay to rest after a stormy voyage. 
 
 Dr. Beesley says: 
 
 "About 1641 Cape May was again purchased by Swedish 
 agents, a short time before the arrival of the Swedish Gov- 
 
22 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 ernor, Printz Tinicum. This conveyance included all land 
 from Cape May to Narriticon, or Raccoon Creek." 
 
 Campanius, a Swedish minister, who resided in New 
 Sweden, on the banks of the Delaware, from the year 1642 
 to 1648, says, "Cape May lies in latitude 38° 30'. To the 
 south of it there are three sand banks, parallel to each odicr, 
 and it is not safe to sail between them. The safest course 
 is to steer between them and Cape ^lay, between Cape May 
 and Cape Henlopen." 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE inONEEKS AND WHALlNd. 
 
 Whaling in the Delaware bay was noted as a considcr- 
 ,-able industry about this time. English colonists frora .\'?n 
 Haven and emigrants from Long Island, who nuuK^ 
 -%vhaling their principal industry, must have come lo Ca;v.> 
 May as early as 1638. The New Havenites were led by 
 'George Lamberton. About this time Captain X.u'iamel 
 "Turner bought of the Indians the land along shore from 
 Cape May to Raccoon Creek, \arcken's kill. Hog ere jk or 
 ;Salem river. The price paid was £30, and the deed is dated 
 November 24th. 1638. At different subsequent times New 
 Haven people bought more land and were aided in the pur- 
 chase by refugee Pequod Indians, who had taken .n.-,ylum 
 •with the Lenni-Lenapes. The New Haven people are said 
 to have paid in the aggregate within five years about £600. 
 Gordon, in his history of New Jersey, says: '"Emigrants 
 from New Haven settled on the left shores of the Delaware 
 so early as 1640, some of whose descendants may probably 
 Tbe found in Salem, Cumberland and Cape May counties." 
 
 The first account of a visit to Cape May was published in 
 
 .a "Description of New Albion" (New England), written i)y 
 
 Sir Edmund Plowden, under the nom de plume of "Beau- 
 
 •champ Plantagenet," which appeared in London in 1648. 
 
 Plowden reproduced a letter from Lieutenant Robert 
 
 Evelvn. "Master Evelyn," as Plantagenet calls him, left 
 
 England with an expedition for the Delaware in 1634, and 
 
 probably made his exploration of the cape soon after. 
 
 •Others had observed Cape May, he learned, as follows: 
 
 Hudson in 1609; Argall, 1610: Cornelius Hendrickson. 
 
 1616; Dermer, 1619; Mey. 1620; Hossett and Heyssen. 
 
 :a630, and de Vrjes, 1631. besides a party of eight sent to •:<- 
 
24 HISTOKY OF CAFE MAY tOT'NTY. 
 
 plore the bay in 1632, by Governor Harvey, of \'irginia» 
 who were killed by the Indians. 
 
 Evelyn's letter reads: 
 
 "I thought good to write unto you my knowledge, and 
 first to describe to you the north side of Delaware unto 
 Hudson's River, in Sir Edmund's patent called New Albion, 
 which lieth between New England and Maryland, and that 
 ocean sea. I take it to be about 160 miles. I find some 
 broken land, isles and mlets, and many Fmall isles at Eg- 
 Bay: but going to Delaware Bay by Cape May. which is 
 twenty-four miles at most, and is, I understand, very well 
 set out and printed in Captain Powell's map of New Eng- 
 land, done as is told me by a draft T gave to Mr. Daniel, 
 the plotmastcr, which he Edmund saith you have at home: 
 on that north side (of Cape Alay) about five miles within 15=. 
 a port or rode for any ships, called the Nook, and within 
 liveth the king^ of Kechemeches, having, as I suppose, about 
 fifty men. I do account all these Indian.s to be eight hun- 
 dred, and are in several factions and war aq-ainst the Sar- 
 quehannocks. and are all extreme fearful of a gun, naked 
 and unarmed against our shot, swords and pikes. I had" 
 some bickering with some of them, and they are of so little- 
 esteem that I durst with fifteen men sit down or trade in 
 despite of them. I saw there an infinite quantity of bus- 
 tards, swans, geese and fowl, covering the shores, as within 
 the like multitude of pigeons and store of turkeys, of which 
 I tried one to weigh forty and six pounds. There is much 
 variety and plenty of delicate fresh and sea fish and shell- 
 fish, and whales and grampus, elks, deere that bring three 
 young at a time. * * * Twelve hundred Indians un- 
 der the Raritan kings, on the south side next to Hudson's 
 River, and those come down to the ocean about Little Eg 
 Bay, and Sandy Barnegate. and about the South Cape two 
 small Kings of forty men a piece called Tirans and Tias- 
 cons." 
 
 From this description there is no doubt that Evelyn vis- 
 ited and made a^ circuit of the country. The name Egg 
 bay is still retained with little change in Egg Harbor Bay, 
 and the many small islands, called beaches now, and on- 
 which are the seaside resorts, are the testimony that he- 
 
THE PIONEERS AM) WHAI.INT;. y^ 25 
 
 actually saw them. Dr. Beesley says of tlie n/uiei>^niaclc 
 to the Kechemeches: 
 
 "Now where it was the king of Kecycmeches with his 
 fifty men held forth, it would be diflficl»lt-<6 ascertain: it 
 might have been at Town Bank, or Fishing Creek, or fur- 
 ther up the cove or 'nook,' as he was pleased to call it. 
 Master Evelin must certainly have the credit of being the 
 first white man that explored the interior, as far as the sea- 
 board, and his name should be perpetuated as the king o£ 
 pioneers. * * =(= His account of the great abundance 
 and variety of fowl and fish seems within the range o£ 
 probability, and the story of the turkey that weighed forty- 
 six pounds, would have less of the 'couleur de rose' were 
 it not qualified in the same paragraph, with 'deere that bring 
 forth three young at a time.' And what a sight it must have 
 been to see the woods and plains teeming with wild animals, 
 the shores and waters with fowl in every variety, where 
 they had existed unharmed and unmolested through an 
 unknown period of years; and the magnificent forest, the 
 stately, towering cedar swamp, untouched by the axe of the 
 despoiler, all reveling in the beauties of Nature in her pris- 
 tine state, the realities of which the imagination, only, cart 
 convey an impression, or give a foretaste of the tliaims 
 and novelties of those primeval times." 
 
 At this time the county was the stamping ground of the 
 bison, or bufTalo. the black bear, the panther, the wolf, 
 the catamount, the deer and other larger beasts. The small- 
 er ones prevalent at the time were the opossinn, raccoon, 
 foxs, mink, otters and beaver. 
 
 Whether at this time, about 1640, the New Haven set- 
 tlers, probably at Town Bank, and the Dutcli or the In- 
 dians ever had any quarrels is not recorded, and they j:u b- 
 ably had not. Commissioner Huddle, of Fort Nassau, on 
 the Delaware, in 1648, complained that the Cape Alay tribe 
 of Indians made barter "rather too much against them," 
 as "the Indians always take the largest and smallest among 
 them to trade with us," by which the long-armed "tellers" 
 compassed a "long price" for their clansmen's beaver skins_. 
 The money they used was called "sewan." 
 
20 H[STr)RY OF CAPE MAY COT'NTY. 
 
 Concerning the Swedes who may have settled hi Cape 
 May county Dr. Beesley says: 
 
 "As history throws no hght on the original occupiers of 
 -the soil, conjecture only can be consulted on the subject. It 
 woidd rcem probable, inasmucb. as many of the old Swed- 
 iisii r.amcs, as recorded in Campanius, from Rudman, are 
 still io be four.d in Crn.berland and Cape May, that some 
 K)i ihe veritable Swedes of Tinicum or Christiana might 
 have strayed, or have been driven to our shores. When the 
 Dutch governor, Stuyvesant, ascended the Delaware in 
 1654, with his seven ships and seven hundred men, and 
 subjected the Swedes to his dominion, it would be easy to 
 imagine, in their mortification and chagrin at a defeat so 
 bloodless and unexpected, that many of them should fly 
 •from the arbitrary sway of their rulers, and seek an asylum 
 where they could be free to act for themselves, without re- 
 straint or coercion from the stubbornness of mynheer, whose 
 victory, though easily obtained, was permanent, as the pro- 
 vincial power of New Sweden had perished for ever." 
 
 On July 12, 1656, the Dutch West India Company ceded 
 land from Boomtjes Haukejti to Cape Helopen to Amster- 
 dam for 700,000 guilders ($266,000), and the territory be- 
 came under the control of that municipality in Holland. 
 Whether the municipality secured any rights in the Cape 
 May land is not known, but if they did the rights were nev- 
 er asserted. 
 
 The contest between the Dutch and the Swedes had been 
 going on for some years, although the settlers in Cape May 
 were seldom afifected by it. The Dutch had made their 
 principal settlement on Manhattan Island, while the main 
 ■ colonies of the Swedes were in Delaware and Southern 
 Pennsylvania. The former was known as New Netherlands 
 and the latter New Sweden. At last the Dutch secured the 
 mastery of the whole territory. Their reign was short, how- 
 ever, because the constantly growing settlements made by 
 the English in New York, Virginia and Maryland made 
 the holding of the territory too much of a burden for the 
 Dutch to carry. 
 
 Director Beekman, of New Netherlands, under date of 
 June 10, 1661. writes to Governor Stuyvesant: "On the 
 
THH IMO.NKKUS AM> WIIAI-IN*;. 27 
 
 ^east side of this river are residinj^ from l^n.^lish among- the 
 jNIaiito savag;es; they arrived in a small boat in the neigh- 
 borhood of Cape May about three months past: they ap- 
 parently went home from X'irginia. as they now seem in- 
 •duced to remain tliere, if their reimrt of the savages is cor- 
 rect." 
 
 The English deposed the Dutch as easily as did the latter 
 the Swedes, who really united their fortunes with those of 
 "the English. 
 
 In 1664 the English took absolute control of the terri- 
 •tory. w'hich they claimed by right of the discoveries made 
 'by the Cabots in 1498. New Jersey came into the posses- 
 sion of proprietary governors. On the 23d and 24th of 
 June. 1664, the Duke of York, who had obtained a patent 
 from King James, did "in consideration of a competent sum 
 -of money, grant and convey unto Lord John Berkeley, 
 Baron of Stratton, and Sir George Carteret, of Sultrim, in 
 •the County of Devon, to their heirs and assigns forever, all 
 that tract of land adjacent to New England, and lying and 
 being to the westward of Long Island; bounded on the 
 'east part by the main sea and part by the Hudson River, 
 •and hath upon the west Delaware Bay or River, and ex- 
 tendeth southward to the main ocean as far as Cape May, 
 ■at the mouth of Delaware Bay. and to the northward as far 
 -as the northernmost branch of said bay or river of Dela- 
 -ware. which is forty-one degrees and forty minutes of lati- 
 •rtude, and worketh over thence in a straight line to Hudson 
 river, which said tract of land is hereafter to be called by 
 the name, or names, of NOVA CAESAREA. or NEW 
 JERSEY." The name of New Jersey was given to the 
 "land because Carteret had been a governor of the Isle of 
 Jersey, in the English Channel, and had defended it against 
 •the Long Parliament. In the same year Sir Robert Carr 
 -was sent into the Delaware with two frigates and the troops 
 not required in New York to compel the submission of 
 the Dutch, which he effected with "two barrels of powder 
 and twenty shot." 
 
 Ten vears after the granting of the possessions to Berke- 
 ley and Cartaret, the Dutch succeeded in retaking New 
 York from the English. For a few months the old province 
 
28 HISTORY OF CATP: MAY COUNTY. 
 
 of New Netherlands, including the country as far south as 
 Cape May, was restored to Holland. But in the next year 
 the whole territory was receded by the States-General to- 
 England. 
 
 The king gave his brother, the Duke of York, another 
 patent for the land between the Connecticut and Delaware- 
 Rivers, and yet confirmed his patent to Berkeley and Car- 
 taret. Notwithstanding both of these grants, he appointed 
 that tyrant, Sir Edmund Andros, royal governor of all the 
 English possessions in America. Berkeley, having become: 
 disgusted with the actions of King Charles and disappointed 
 with the pecuniary prospects of the colony, offered his inter- 
 ests for sale. John Fenwick bought it as a trustee for Ed- 
 ward Byllynge. The latter afterwards became heavily in- 
 volved with debts, and his share was consigned for the- 
 benefit of his creditors. \Mlliam Penn, Gawen Lawrie and 
 Nicholas Lucas were appointed the trustees. In 1676 Fen- 
 wick also assigned and his assignees were Jqhn^Eldridge 
 and Edmund Warner. On August 6, 1680, the Duke of 
 York deeded to Penn, Lowrie, Lucas, Eldridge and War- 
 ner the territory of West Jersey in trust for Byllynge, to 
 whom the government was conveyed. On the first of July, 
 1676, a division had been made of New Jersey, and Sir 
 George Cartaret took all that part north of what is now 
 the northern boundary line of Burlington county, which' 
 was named East Jersey, while Penn and the Quakers took 
 all the portion south of that line and christened it West 
 Jersey. 
 
 Within two years some four hundred families had ar- 
 rived and settled, most of them near Salem, but none are- 
 known to have found their way to Cape May. 
 
 It was the next year that the "agreements" of the Qua- 
 kers were made, in which they allowed freedom of con- 
 science, the ballot box, equality before the law, the right 
 of assembly, the freedom of election, of speech, of the press,, 
 popular sovereignty, trial by jury, open courts and free- 
 legislation. 
 
 The gradual growth of the number of settlers and the 
 question of the division and barter of lands becoming an 
 important one, the Assembly, in 1681, appointed a com- 
 
THE riOXEERS AND WIIAl.l.Nd. 29 
 
 mission to prescribe rules for the land settlements. The 
 surveyor was required to measure the Delaware front from 
 Assunpink Creek to Cape May and to find a point of the 
 compass for running partition lines between each tenth. 
 
 The question of the date of the first settlement of Cape 
 May by English families has always been in doubt. Dr. 
 Maurice Beesley says: 
 
 "After the most careful investigation and patient research 
 in the State and county archives, and the early as well as 
 the more recent chronicles of our past history, we find no 
 data to prove that Cape May was positively inhabited until 
 the year 1685, when Caleb Carman was appointed, by the 
 Legislature, a justice of the peace, and Jonathan Pine, con- 
 stable. 
 
 "These were independent appointments, as Cape May 
 was not under the jurisdiction of the Salem Tenth. This 
 simple fact, however, that the appointment of a justice and 
 constable for the place w^as necessary, goes to prove that 
 there were inhabitants here at this time; yet whence they 
 came, in what number, or how long they sojourned, are in- 
 quiries that will most probably ever remain in mystery and 
 doubt. Fenwick made his entry into 'New Salem' in 1675, 
 and soon after extinguished the Indian title from the Del- 
 aware to Prince Maurice River. He made no claim and 
 exercised no dominion over Cape May, and we have noth- 
 ing to show at the time of his arrival that the country from 
 Salem to the seashore was other than one primeval and 
 unbroken forest, with ample natural productions by sea 
 and land to make it the happy home of the red man, where 
 he could roam free and unmolested, in the enjoyment of 
 privileges and blessings which the strong arm of destiny 
 soon usurped and converted to ulterior purposes." 
 
 Other authorities say that the Townsends and Spicers 
 were the oldest wdiite settlers and individual land owners of 
 the county, and that John Townsend and Jacob Spicer 
 came from Long Island in 1680, and that Richard, son of 
 John Townsend, was the first white child born within the 
 limits of the county. Bancroft's "History of the United 
 States" gives the settlement of Cape May Town, or Towrk 
 Bank, as forty years earlier than Dr. Beesley's positive 
 
30 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY Cor.NTV. 
 
 knowledge. The records of the whalemen, which appear in 
 New Haven, show that there was no permanent removal 
 from that place to Cape May until 1685. and that about one- 
 fifth of the old family names of Cape May and New Haven 
 are similar. It is probable, however, that from 1640 there 
 was a sheltering and resting place at Town Bank for tiiese- 
 whalemen from Connecticut and Long Island. The names^ 
 of residents of East Hampton, L. I., at that time are like 
 those who are first mentioned as residents of Cape May 
 countv, also. 
 
 The whaling period extended from the middle of the.- 
 seventeenth century to the early part of the eighteenth- cen- 
 tury. As earlv as 1658 there is said to have been fourteem 
 skilled pilots who led the whalemen. The whalemen had 
 troubles of their own, which at times got into the courts, 
 and a search of the manuscript records of the earliest court 
 at Burlington, where Cape May business was then (1685).^ 
 transacted, bring to light the following cases, which are- 
 given condensed to show the grievances heard: 
 
 Burlington Court. 4th 7th month, 1685. 
 Caleb Carman & J no Carman 
 vs. 
 Evan Davis. 
 
 Edward Pynde testified that he was at the plantation of 
 Evan Davis, who told him that he had bought a fish of an 
 "Indian called Nummy." Davis invited Pynde to go with 
 him to see the fish, saying that the deponent should have 
 a share therein if he did so. Pynde accordingly went, and" 
 •'conieing to ye s'd fftsh sayth it was a whale ffish and yt hee- 
 saw an Iron (with warp thereat) in ye said whale ffish. which 
 Iron & Warp ye s'd depon't knowing them to belong to* 
 s'd Caleb Carman & Company," Pynde accordingly would 
 have nothing to do with the matter. Whereupon "Davis 
 seized upon ye s'd whale fiish and Tackling and hid ye same- 
 from s'd Carman and Company." 
 
 Then Caleb Carman, binding himself in the sum of 40s,. 
 presents the complainant. 
 
 A warrant was issued to Alexander Humfreyes, as deputy 
 sheriff or under sheriff, to take Davis into custody for his- 
 
rm: rioxEiOKs and wnALi.\<j. 3B 
 
 appearance in Burlington. At the same time Abraham. 
 Wegton, wife and children, to answer, as well as Margrett, 
 servant of Davis, as well as any others who "can give infor- 
 mation." although it seems Wegton had had nothing to dO' 
 with the whaling matter, l)ut was summoned for abuse of the 
 children. 
 
 At the court held the 12th of the 3d mo., 1686, "J'^an 
 Davis by his & Daniell England's Bond to appear at this 
 Court" in the Carman matter fails to present himself, where-- 
 up( r> 'k foil's his recognizance, disposing ot the case. 
 
 .\t a court lield 12-16, 3rd month, 1688, Jno. Skene, Dep- 
 u'.y (iovernor, the Grand Jury present, "Caleb Carman 
 and sonnes, John Peck & (others) concerned for taking,, 
 breaking up & disposing of Dubartus whales on this shore 
 contrary to Lawe." 
 
 Divers persons by indictment were called to the bar.. 
 Among them was Caleb Carman, who "Pleads not guilty & 
 rcfcrres himselfe to God and ye Countrey, whereupon ye 
 Jury before are called and all accepted & attested, ye jury 
 linde him not guilty in manner & forme as hee stands In- 
 dicted, and hee thereupon afterwards was cleared by P'cla- 
 niation." 
 
 During the same court. Carman, his sons and Peck are- 
 presented by the Grand Jury. They claim they have soldi 
 no Dubartus whales, except they had permission from Tho;: 
 Mathews. 
 
 Tn the evidence Jno: Throp bought a supposed Dubartus'. 
 whale, of which eleven barrels of oil were made. Rich'dl 
 Starr said Throp bought the whale of the Carmans, who » 
 claimed to own it. Henrv Johnson said that Throp had! 
 agreed with the Carmans only for their labour. Sjmril'I 
 Alathews said that Ezekiell Eldridge, "(who had p'te of ye^ 
 fish) said he had sold his p'te to Throp for 10s & ye rest. had' 
 done ye same, and that they sold ye fish as theirs." Jno.. 
 Dennis said he "heard said Carmans say that all drift whales>- 
 that came ashore there belonged to them by Thomas Ma- 
 thews order." Jury find Carman and the rest concernedl 
 "not e^uilty." 
 
 Tn passing, it may be worthy of note to record that, af 
 this court. ?ni(3ng the "Constables p'scnted & chosen" one. 
 
-32 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COT'NTY. 
 
 was selected "about Cape May," in the person of Sam'l 
 Mathews. He was duly attested. This is one of the earliest 
 selections of officials for Cape May of which there is any 
 record. 
 
 At a private session of the court held on the i6th of Feb'y, 
 1688, at the house of Richard Basnett in Burlington, at the 
 request of Philip Richards, of Philadelphia. 
 
 Richards complained that having loaded the sloop "Sus- 
 anna" (Peter Lawrison, Master) New York to Philadelphia 
 — the said sloop "came on shore to the norward of Cape 
 May." The master and men went ashore for relief and in 
 the interim Caleb Carman and his sons went aboard, and 
 vi et armis prevented the sailors from entering the sloop. 
 The Carmans claimed half the goods for saving the wreck. 
 Being overpowered, the sailors consented, whereupon the 
 Carmans carried away the goods of the said Richards. At 
 Ihe request of Richards, Justices Edw: Hunlake, Jr: Mar- 
 shall, Rich'd Basnett and Dan'll Wills order the appearance 
 of the Carmans at next Quarterly Sessions. The sessions 
 was held May 7, 1688, but no action was taken, nor at sev- 
 eral subsequent sessions. It is to be presumed that the mat- 
 ter never came to trial. 
 
 Burlington Court June 3, 1690. Justices on the bench 
 were John Skene, Edward Hunlak. Wm. Biddle. James 
 Marshall, Daniel Wills, Sr., Richard Basnett and William 
 Myers, with the following Traverse Jury: Symon Charles 
 John Dav, Eliakim Higgins, Peter Basse. William Budd. 
 George Parker, Thos. Butcher, Christop: Weatherill, Bery: 
 Wheate, Sam'll Ogbourne, Issac Horner. John Warwin, 
 Joshua Humphries. Same Court June 4th. 
 
 John Dubrois, Plaint; Peter Perdrain, his wife Elizabeth; 
 Elizabeth Meningault; Andrew Laurance, his wife Mary: 
 Daniel Lucas.' Augustus Lucas, Defendants. Action in 
 slander and defamation. Jury as above. 
 
 Samson Gallois "ye Interpretter to ye ffrench people ar- 
 rested." 
 
 In the testimony: — 
 
 James Monjoy said he heard Mrs. Rame and Mr. Per- 
 drain say to Andrew Lawrence that Andrew should go to 
 Burlington to "undoe John Dubois." Mrs. Rame further 
 
TIIK riONKKUS A.M> WI I A I. IXC. 33 
 
 said that if Laurance did not do so "shee would never eat of 
 s'd Andrew Lauranee's bread more, and y"t shee s'd this 
 because they had no lodging at Cape ]\iay." i'erdrain also 
 said that Dubois would run away and that they would en- 
 deavor to have an English overseer. 
 
 Isiah Lebake said he heard Lawrence and Perdrain say 
 in a boat coming from Cape May that Dubrois had an in- 
 tention to run away. 
 
 James Peyrard said that Laurence remarked last D'^corn- 
 berin the Burlington bake house that he (Laurence) would 
 tell false things of the plaintiff Dubrois. 
 
 Benjamin Godfrey remarking to Laurence that his "tes- 
 timonials such as hee declared against Dubrois was cue ugh 
 to hang him," s'd Lawrence answ^ered "why then Mr. Du- 
 brois wants only the Rope." Godfrey also repeated Mon- 
 joy's testimony against Mrs. Rame. 
 
 John Gilbert said all the defendants, except Augustus 
 Lucas, had stated that Dubrois would run away and convert 
 Dr. Coxe's goods to his own use. 
 
 Peter Rendard testified that Perdrain had told managei 
 and plaintiff Dubrois that he (Dubrois) intended to run 
 away. Rendard supposes to have been occasioned because 
 Dubrois did not provide such a house as they ex'f.ected. 
 Perdrain also claimed rights as overseer and had several 
 times threatened Dubrois by shaking his fist. 
 
 John Corson reiterated the testimony concerning Mrs. 
 Brame and speakes of Andrew Laurence as "her sonne," 
 presumably "in law." 
 
 Nicholas Malherbe attested that Peter Perdrain and Dan- 
 iel Lucas, Sr., had said that Dubrois intended to take Dr. 
 Coxe's property and escape. 
 
 Testimony for defense — 
 
 Heter Sespine testified that Dubrois had said "that he 
 would get what he could out of Mr. Tatham's hand and 
 then he would laugh at him." Lawrence told the testator 
 the same. The son of Augustus Lucas had told Sespine 
 that the manager wanted to go shares with the younger 
 Lucas and made the proposition at John Teqts in Philadel- 
 phia. It was also proposed to send the sloop to Boston, 
 Dubrois going therein with Captain Eberad. 
 
34 HISTOUY UF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Nicholas Martines testified that Dubrois said "that whea 
 he gott the Asse (Dr. Coxc) by the Tayle he knew how to 
 lead kim." 
 
 David LiHics testified that the whalery liad ill success- 
 because Dubrois look the sloop up the River and the whale 
 was consequently lost. The whalers said amongst them- 
 selves that Dubrois would "make the best of ye Doctor's. 
 Concernes for himself." 
 
 The Jury find for the plaintiff £$ damages, costs and' 
 charges. 
 
 Same Court and Jury, June 5th. 
 
 John Tatham on Ijehalf of Dr. Dan'l Cox, plaintiff. John 
 Dubrois defendant. Action upon the case. Entered June 
 3, two days allowed by court and plaintiff for defendant to 
 consider the charge. 
 
 The Defendant pleads so that Tatham has no power to 
 call him. The Court decided for the plaintiff. On request 
 a letter of attorney from Dr. Coxe to Tatham was read. In 
 the matter of fraud charged upon the defendant, a com- 
 mittee of Justices were to view the accounts and render de- 
 cision on the 20th of the month. 
 
 Evidence for Plaintiff: 
 
 George Taylor testifies that manager Dubrois took the. 
 sloop from Cape May to New Castle when the whalery has- 
 occasione for her. In the meantime a whale was captured 
 and held for six or eight days, but for want of a sloop the 
 whale was lost. 
 
 For the defense: — 
 
 Isaac Matikett and others on depositions taken before 
 Justices Salaway and Anthony Morris in Philadelphia show 
 the reason why the manager went to New Castle, (reasons 
 not amplified). 
 
 Isaiah Ebrad deposes before Justice Skene why Dubroise 
 came to Burlington. 
 
 Benjamin Godfrey attested that Dubroise sold beef for 
 the whalery's account and that the whalers needed provis- 
 ions and salt. "Mr. Tatham makes it appear they had 26 
 bushels of salt down at Cape May." 
 
 Oliver Johnson thinks "ye whalery men below, on Doc- 
 tor Coxe account had provision enough to serve ye win- 
 
THK riOXKKKS ANP WriAI.INCJ. 35 
 
 ter." lie stayed until the 25tli of March and hv-arci no com- 
 plaint. 
 
 George Taylor said there was a vessel in the stocks 
 at Cape May begun in the times of James Budd, but since 
 Budd's death nothing has been done therewith. Manager 
 Dubroise wanted whalemen to saw plank to complete her, 
 but it was not done, although the whalemen had promised 
 so to do. 
 
 Peter Perdrain says Dr. Coxe's boat was lost at Cape 
 May for want of help from the shore. 
 
 The Jury find for the defendant and give him the costs 
 of the suit. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE SETTLERS AND THEIR NEW HOMI^B. 
 
 On November 3-12, 1685, Cape May was first created a 
 county, which included its present bounds, together with 
 all that country embraced in a line drawn from a point about 
 twenty miles up the Maurice River to the most northerly 
 point of Great Egg Harbour. Justices of the peace and other 
 officers for the county were appointed for keeping the 
 peace and trying causes under forty shillings. The county 
 was to so remain until a court was established, which was 
 constituted in 1693. In civil or criminal actions, where 
 declarations and indictments were to be traversed, were to 
 be taken to the Salem Quarterly Sessions, but the Cape 
 May justices could, if they wished, sit in hearing such cases 
 wath the Salem justices. 
 
 The first inventory on file in the Secretary's office at 
 Trenton, from Cape May, is that of John Story, dated the 
 28th of ninth month, 1687. He was a Friend, who died in 
 Lower township, and left his personal estate, amounting to 
 iiio, to his wife, he having no heirs. A copy of the inven- 
 tory is here given to show the prices of various articles at 
 that time. The original spelling is preserved: 
 
 lbs. 
 
 A chest, and small things o 
 
 A gon o 
 
 2 bras cities an on frying-pan o 
 
 2 axes an on shobel o 
 
 On sadell o 
 
 On blanket o 
 
 On hous an improvments 10 
 
 On stier, 4 yer ould 5 
 
 2 stiers goin to yer ould 4 
 
 On bull '. 2 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
THE si-rrrLKiis and theik new homes. :J7 
 
 lbs. s. d. 
 On heifer whit calfe 3 10 o 
 
 Prased bv us, 
 
 JOHN r.RIGGS, 
 ALEXAxXDER HUMPHRIES. 
 
 The next inventories filed are those of Abraham Weston, 
 November 24, 1687, and John Briggs in 1690. 
 
 John Townsend, ancestor of all in the county of that 
 name, emigrated with three brothers to Long Island pre- 
 vious to 1680. They were members of the Society of 
 Friends. One settled in New England, one in New York 
 and John and the other came to Leed's Point, near Little 
 Egg Harbor. Tlie reason for John's coming to Leed's 
 Point was that he had been banished from New York for 
 harboring Friends or Quakers. For the first offense he was 
 fined £8 and put in jail for a limited time, for the second 
 ii2 and imprisonment, and for the third offense iioo and 
 imprisonment for a time. Yet, by his actions, he defied 
 
 TOWNSEND COAT OF ARMS. 
 
 the Governor, and when the Friends came around again 
 he not only harbored them, but invited ther.i to preach in 
 his house and went around with his horse and cart giving 
 notice of the meeting to the inhabitants. This made the 
 Governor so wroth that he was brought before the court 
 and banished from the State, and if he returned was to be 
 tied and whipped in the streets. He first came over to 
 jMonmouth and from thence to Cape ]\Iay county, where 
 he resided until his death. His wife. Phebe. lies buried in 
 the old burying ground near Thompson X'angilders, and 
 was the first white woman ever buned in the upper town- 
 ship. About or previous to 1690 John (the other brother 
 having gone to Philadelphia) traveled to Somers Point, 
 
38 IIISTOKV OF ('ATE MAY COT'^TY. 
 
 crossed tlie Eg^ Harbor River, and followed the seaboard 
 down about ten miles until he came to a stream of water 
 that he thought would do for a mill. He returned to Egg 
 Harbor, bought a yoke of oxen, got them across the river, 
 took the yoke on his back, as there was not room for the 
 timber to drive his oxen abreast, and drove them before 
 him down an Indian path to the place of his future resi- 
 dence. They cleared land, built a cabin and a mill on the 
 sight of the land of the late Thompson Van Gilders, near 
 Ocean View. He died in 1722 and left three sons. Richard, 
 Robert and Sylvanus. It is related of John Townsend that 
 when he built his cabin, he traveled a great distance and 
 found two other settlers to help him raise it. While they 
 were doing this some Indians came aromid and also helped. 
 The three white men. who wanted to impress the Indians 
 of their superior strength, decided to demonstrate it 
 upon the Indians. x\mong the three one was very strong 
 and an excellent wrestler. The two weaker ones proposed 
 a wrestling match, which had been previously planned. 
 The wrestling began, and the strong man allowed himself 
 to be easily thrown by the two ordinary men. Then the 
 Indians decided they would like to wrestle with the sup- 
 posed weak man. They began tugging at one another, 
 when suddenly the first and only Indian that tried to wres- 
 tle was tossed into the crotch of a tree. The Indians then 
 assumed if the weaker man could do such an act so easily 
 they concluded that the others could not be moved. This 
 little incident served to prevent any trouble between the^ 
 whites and natives. John and Peter Corson were the first 
 of the name that came to the county, and were here as 
 early as 1692. The second generation was Peter, Jr., John, 
 Jr., Christian and Jacob. This family became numerous. 
 There were fifty-two families in 1840 of that name in Upper 
 township. 
 
 Shamgar Hand settled at what is now Court House in 
 1690. on a farm of 1000 acres, which he purchased of Dr. 
 Daniel Cox, agent of the West Jersey Society. Others set- 
 tled there were the Stiteses. Cravvfords. Ludlams. Hewitts 
 and Holmeses. 
 
 All the Townsends in the countv descended from John 
 
Tin-: siri'i'iJOTts a.nd tiikik .ni:\v H(>mi:s. 39 
 
 Townsend. all the Corsons from IVter aiul J(jlin Corson, 
 rail the Learnings from Christ(ji)her Leaming, all the Liid- 
 Jams from Joseph Ludlam. all the Schellingers from Cor- 
 nelius Schellinks, all the Hughes from Humphrey Hughes, 
 all the Whilldens from Joseph Whillden, all the Hewitts 
 from Randall Hewitt, all the Stites from Henry Stites. all 
 the Cresses from Arthur Cresse, all the Willets from John 
 Willets, all the Goffs from John (ioff, all the Youngs from 
 Henry Young, all the Eldredges from Ezekiel Eldredge, 
 all the Godfreys from Benjamin Godfrey, all the Matthews 
 from Samuel Matthews. 
 
 John Reeves was one who rented land in the county. He 
 leased 200 acres on the sound side on the 23d of May, 1690, 
 from Jeremiah Basse, "now^ of burlingtown in ye province of 
 West New Jersey, merchant,'' as agent of the West Jer- 
 sey Society. The rental was a fee of £20 and yearly renVa\ 
 which was to consist of two fat hens on Christmas Day. 
 "The indenture was recorded on July 2, 1695, and bore the 
 following memorandum: "That, whereas the rent of two fat 
 hens or capons is menshoned in the with menshoned de«d 
 itt is a greede that the Rent for the futor shall be only on 
 Eare of Indian Corne if Demanded." The memorandum 
 is marked as being recorded December 20, 1699. 
 
 During the changes in proprietorship which had been 
 going on in the province of New Jersey from 1675 to 1690 
 "there w-ere really so many rulers in the colony that it was 
 a difficult matter to know^ whom to acknowledge as officers 
 with authority. "The condition of New^ Jersey," says one 
 authority, "was deplorable," and "for ten years thereafter 
 the colonv was vexed and distracted with the presence of 
 more rulers than any one province could acconnnodate." 
 
 After a while Edward Byllinge, one of the Qua-cer pur- 
 •chasers of West Jersey, died in 1687. and the next year Dr. 
 Daniel Coxe, of London. England, who had already be- 
 come a large landholder in the province, purchased the in- 
 terests of Byllinge's heirs in the soil and government. In 
 the latter year. 1688. he also having become an acknowl- 
 edged West Jersey proprietor, purchased 95.000 acres in 
 Cape May county. The line connnenced at the Hammocks 
 "below Goshen Creek, on the bay shore, and in its passage 
 
40 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY ("OINTY. 
 
 across the county came between Joseph Falkenburge's and 
 John McCrea's, and thence on a direct Hne northeast by 
 north over the head of Dennis Creek to Tuckahoe River^ 
 and inchided in the tract all the land southeast of this line. 
 In April, May and June, 1 691, John Worlidge and John Budd, 
 from Burlington, came down the bay in a vessel and laid 
 a number of proprietary rights, commencing at Cohansey, 
 in Cumberland county, and so on to Cape May. They set 
 off the 95.000 acres to Dr. Daniel Coxe. which was the first 
 actual proprietary survey made in the county. In the copy 
 of the original draft of these surveys and of the county of 
 Cape May, made by David Jamieson in 1713, and from 
 another deed made by Lewis Morris in 1706, Egg Island, 
 near the mouth of Maurice River, is laid off to Thomas 
 Budd for three hundred acres. "Since this survey was 
 made," says Dr. Reesley, in 1857, "the attrition of the wa- 
 ters has destroyed almost every vestige of it — scarcely 
 enough remaining to mark the spot of its former magni- 
 tude. Upon this map likewise is laid down Cape ]\Iay 
 Town, at Town Bank on the bay shore, the residence of the 
 whalers, consisting of a number of dwellings, and a short 
 distance above it we find Dr. Coxe's Hall, with a spire, on 
 Coxehall Creek, a name yet retained by the inhabitants. 
 As no other buildings or improvements are noted upon this- 
 map than those above mentioned, it is to be presumed there 
 were but few% if any, existing except them at this day. The 
 only attraction then was the whale fishery, and the small 
 town of fifteen or twenty houses marked upon this map, 
 upon the shore of Town Bank, in close contiguity, would 
 lead us to infer that those adventurous spirits, who came- 
 for that purpose, preferred in the way of their profession to 
 be near each other, and to make common stock in their op- 
 erations of harpooning, in which, according to Thomas and 
 others, they seemed to be eminently successful." 
 
 Dr. Daniel Coxe, son of Daniel Coxe, was born in 1640 
 or 1 641, and died January 19, 1730. in his 90th year. He 
 was a most eminent pliysician of his day. a prolific writer 
 on chemistry and medicine and was physician to Charles II 
 and afterwards to Queen Anne. Although he never came 
 to America, he acquired large possessions, and was nomi- 
 
THE SirrrLEItS and TnElK NEW HOMES. 41 
 
 nally governor of the province from 1687 to 1691. lie also 
 acquired title to a tract imperial in its dimensions lying 
 between latitude 31 degrees and latitude 36 degrees, and ex- 
 tending from the Atlantic to the Pacific, on which he spent 
 a fortune in ex])loration, his vessels being the first to ascend 
 the Mississippi from its mouth. This was called Carolina. 
 He was a staunch i^'hurch (if iMigland man and interested 
 himself in attempting the establishment of that church in 
 West Jersey. He. like all other purchasers in New Jer.sey, 
 did not take the land from the Indians without reiinbuv-ing 
 them. While he had his titles from the English settlors, 
 he, in 1688, made also a second purchase of the land from 
 the Red ]\Ian. Three separate purchases were made and 
 dated March 30. April 30 and May 16, 1688, respectively, 
 and covered his proprietary purchases in Cape May and 
 Cumberland counties. Dr. Coxe built Coxe's Hall, near 
 Town Bank and Cold Spring, in 1691. 
 
 The late Judge John Clement says: 
 
 "Coxe Hall was sufficiently large for all the assemblages 
 of the pco]:)le. and with rooms for offices and other like 
 jnirposcs. It was two stories, and finished with a tower or 
 observatory, intended for vise more than ornament, as from 
 it objects could be seen across the bay and far out on the 
 ocean. Although built of wood, it remained for many years 
 after its usefulness as a public resort had departed and was 
 at last converted into dwellings for workmen, who neither 
 knew nor cared anything for its uses in former days. 
 
 "As a public building Coxe Hall had various uses. Here 
 it was that ministers of his own religious persuasion dis- 
 seminated the doctrines belonging thereto, and where the 
 Society of Friends were invited to assemble and i:>roclaim 
 their own tenets. The Baptists, a few of whom landed from 
 Wales at an earlv date, were given tlie use of th.is building 
 for regular service, and those of any other religious persua- 
 sion who were seeking proselytes in the wilderness country 
 were welcome as wxll. The first court for the county 
 (March 20, 1693) was convened here. John Worledge, 
 Jeremiah Bass, John Jarvis, Joseph Houlden ami Samuel 
 Crowell were the judges. Tiiuothy Brandreth was sheriff 
 and George Taylor clerk. 
 
42 HIS'lORY OF CAPE MAY COT'XTY. 
 
 "Wlicre Coxe Hall stood, surrounded by a few dwellings, 
 was given a name in the court records called Portsmouth." 
 Dr. Coxe soon became the largest holder of proprieties 
 within the territory. He was a man of enlarged views and 
 sought to develop the advantages of the new country as 
 rapidly as possible. He encouraged emigration among the 
 bcttf^r classes of people, and was liberal in his inducements 
 t; vvard them. He was not slow to discover where his own 
 interests lay, and ventured nuich to secure their greatest 
 benefits, and although a strict adherent to the established 
 Church of England, nothing appeared to show that any 
 dififeienccs arose between himself and his Quaker asso- 
 ciates touching their religious views. 
 
 While his proprietary interests were more than any one 
 individual in the colony, yet he never fell into disputes with 
 his associates as to the location of his surveys, for, in fact, 
 the rules laid down in the "concessions and agreements" 
 were suspended so that he could secure large tracts of land 
 in one body and be safe in his title thereto. From the trus- 
 tees of Byllinge and others holding under them. Dr. Coxe 
 became the owner of nineteen whole shares of propriety in 
 West Jersey, and began the development of his purchases. 
 In 1 69 1 he secured his title in severalty to portions of the 
 land, and no doubt had already erected the hall, for Budd 
 and Worledge marked the same on their maps, placing it 
 some distance above Cape May Town and near the mouth 
 of Wilson's Creek. 
 
 It is recorded that Dr. Coxe's servants sued him for 
 wages on the 3d of June, 1690. The court sat at Burlington 
 to hear the case. The servants had attached the tools of the 
 plantation, which they wanted sold and proceeds applied to 
 their accounts. The servants were brought, it seems, from 
 Gravesend in 1688, and their contract was written in French, 
 which the court at the time was compelled to have trans- 
 lated. George Taylor and John Dubrois, according to evi- 
 dence recorded, were Coxe's overseers. The servants sailed 
 vessels and were coopers. Later we find that Dubrois him- 
 self sued Coxe and was given judgment. Either disheartened 
 by the difficulties he had experienced or tempted by an of- 
 fer that would cover the disbursements he had made, Coxe 
 
THK Sin ri-HKS AM> TJIIOIH SKW HOMF-^J. 43 
 
 resolved upon a sale of the whole oi his interest in this prov- 
 ince. He accordingly made an agreement, in the year 
 1691. with a body composed of forty-eight persons, desig- 
 nated by the name of the "West Jersey Society." To this 
 companv. on the 20th of January, 1692. the whole of the 
 «claim of Dr. Coxe, both as to government and to nearly all 
 the property, was conveyed, he receiving therefor the sum 
 of £9000. The remaining portions of the property passed 
 under his will to his son. Colonel Daniel Coxe. who came 
 to Burlington in 1709 and resided there. This sale opened 
 a new- era to the people of Cape May. As no land titles had 
 been obtained under the old regime of the proprietors, ex- 
 cept five conveyances from George Taylor, as agent for Dr. 
 Coxe, the West Jersey Society became a medium through 
 which they could select and locate the choice of the lands, 
 ■at prices corresponding with the means and wishes of the 
 purchaser. 
 
 The society, through their agents appointed in the county, 
 ■continued to make sales of land during a period of sixty- 
 •four years of their having possession. 
 
 During the year 1691, the whaling interest having be- 
 come large, and the purchase of land in Cape May having 
 become a more easy matter, a large number of persons came 
 from New Haven and Long Island_ to settle permanently. 
 Cape May ibwn sprang up on the~bay shore, for the ac- 
 commodation of the whalers, where quite a business was 
 'done. This is considered to be the first town built in the 
 county. Among the settlers were Christopher Leaming 
 -and his son. Thomas Caesar Hoskins, Samuel Matthews, 
 Jonathan Osborne. Xathan Short, Cornelius Shellinks (now 
 Schellinger). Henry Stites. Thomas Hand and his sons, - 
 John and George; Ebenezer Swain and Henry Young. 
 __Jphn and Caleb Carman, John Shaw, Thomas Miller, Wil- 
 liam Stillwell, Humphrey Hevves, VViTliam Mason and John 
 Richardson. 
 
 Christopher Leamyeng (now Leaming). and a brother 
 who died on the passage, left England for America about 
 1670. In 1674 he married Esther Burnet, the daughter of 
 Aaron Burnet, of Sag Harbor, East Hampton. L. L He 
 *came to Cape May in 1691, took up 204 acres in 1694 and- 
 
44 HIi<T()UY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 died at tlie house of Shamgar Hand, Cape May county, ore. 
 May 3, 1695. His wife, Esther, died at East Hampton,. 
 L. I., November 5, 1714. Christopher, ist, and Esther B.. 
 Learning", had seven children, the most of whom were mi- 
 nors at the time of their father's death. Their names were: 
 Thomas, ist, Jane, Hannah, Christopher, 2d, Aaron, ist,. 
 Jeremiah, 2d, and Ehzabeth. Two of these daughters and' 
 the son, Jeremiah, 2d, settled in New England, as Thomas,. 
 1st, the oldest son, says in his memoirs: "In August 22, 
 1 71 5, I took my journey to Long Island and there I sold a 
 piece of land for a hundred and twenty pounds. And from 
 thence I went to New England to see my two sisters and 
 brother." Thomas Teaming, ist, the eldest son of Christo- 
 pher, 1st, and Esther B. Leaming, was born in South Hamp- 
 ton, L. I., July 9, 1674. He came to Cape May in 1692, set- 
 tled on his own farm in 1699, married June 18, 1701, when 25V 
 years of age, Hannah Whilldin, the daughter of Joseph Whill-4, 
 \ din, the elder, in her i8th year, and in October, 1706, Samuel' 
 Matthews took from him a horse worth £y and sold it be- 
 cause he, as a zealous Quaker, refused to perform military 
 duty. He died December 31, 1723, aged 49 years. 
 
 Jacob Spicer was another settler who came to Cape May 
 about 1691, and became prominent. He was the second 
 son of Samuel and Esther Spicer, of Gravesend, L. I., and 
 the grandson of Thomas and Michael Spicer, who were- 
 New England Puritans. He was bom January 20, 1668,. 
 removed from Long Island to Cape May, and died April 
 17, 1741, aged 73 years. His wife was, perhaps, Sarah. 
 Spicer. She was born in 1677 and died July 25, 1742, aged 
 65 years, and her tombstone is the oldest in the Cold Spring- 
 Church Cemetery. Spicer's remains lie on the Vinoent 
 Miller homestead, in Cold Spring. The inscription on his 
 tombstone commemorates a father and son who occupied' 
 prominent stations in society in their day: 
 
 "In memory of Col. Jacob Spicer, who died April 17,. 
 1 74 1, aged 73 years — 
 
 "Death, thou hast conquered me, 
 I, by thy darts am slain, 
 But Christ shall conquer thee, 
 And I shall rise again." 
 
TIIK SIOTTLIOKS AND TllKIK MOW HOMES. 45 
 
 John Persons, ist, was an Englishman. He came to 
 .America and settled at East Hampton, Long Island. He 
 married Mrs. Elizabeth Garlick. Her maiden name was 
 Hardie. As Mrs. Garlick, she was charged in 1657 with 
 -vs'itchcraft, was tried at East Hampton, on Long Island, and 
 acquitted. Johnand Elizabeth Person^ had a daughter 
 named JU:di£ born at East~"HamptOTi, L. I., April 10, 1680. 
 In July, 1 69 1, they all came to Cape May county, and Mr. 
 Persons bought a plantation about four miles below the 
 present Court House, and settled on it in September, 1691. 
 He died and was buried there in January, 1695. 
 
 John Persons, 2d, of Lower Cold Spring settlement, an 
 Englishman, and probably a nephew^ of John Persons, ist, 
 came also from Long Island to Cape May about 1691. The 
 ■earliest notice had of him is in reference to "ear marks" 
 that he had publicly recorded, for the safety of his stock 
 running at large, in 1693. He purchased 315 acres of land 
 of Dr. Coxe, or of the West Jersey Society as early as 1696. 
 Next we learn that he was one of the thirty-two persons to 
 whom, as original trustees, Rev. John Bradner conveyed in 
 perpetuity his estate in Cold Spring in 171 8 for the use of 
 the pastor of the Presbyterian church there. The last time 
 we find him on his sick and dying bed, December 4, 1732, 
 making his will, leaving his wife, Elizabeth, her proper share, 
 and dividing the real estate between his two sons, John 
 Parsons, 3d, and Robert Parsons, ist, and appointing his 
 wife and their eldest son, John, his executors, but died be- 
 fore he could have it properly executed. 
 
 The following is from the manuscript of Thomas Team- 
 ing, one of the early pioneers, who died in 1723, aged 49 
 years: 
 
 'Tn July, 1674, I was born in Southampton, on Long Is- 
 land. When I was eighteen years of age (1692) I came to 
 Cape May, and that winter had a sore of the fever and flux. 
 The next summer I went to Philadelphia with my father. 
 Christopher, who was lame with a w^ithered hand, which 
 held him till his death. The winter following I went a 
 whaling, and we got eight whales, and five of them we 
 drove to the Hoarkills. and we went there to cut them up, 
 .and staved a month. The ist dav of Mav we came home to 
 
46 HIS1X)RY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Cape May, and my father was very sick, and the third day^ 
 1695, departed this hfe at the house of Shanigar Hand. Then 
 I went to Long Island, stayed that sunmier. and in the win- 
 ter I went a whahng again, and got an old cow and a calf- 
 In 1696 I went to whaling again and made a great voyage^ 
 and in 1697 I worked for John Reeves all summer, and in 
 the winter went to whaling again. In 1698 worked for John 
 Crawford and on my own land, and that winter had a sore 
 fit of sickness at Henry Stites', and in the year 1700 I lived 
 at mv own plantation and worked for Peter Corson. I was 
 married in 1701, and 1703 went to Cohansie and fetched 
 brother Aaron. In 1706 I built my house. Samuel Mat- 
 thews took a horse from me worth iy because I could not 
 train. In 1707 we made the county road." 
 
 Learning was a strict Quaker at that time. The record of 
 the Ludlams is contemporaneous with the growth of Cape 
 May, the earliest records of the county showing this family 
 to be among the first settlers. 
 
 The Ludlam name belongs to Yorkshire, England, where 
 for many years the family had precedence. Anthony Lud- 
 lam, progenitor of the race in America, came from Eng- 
 land in the earliest days, and by 1640 had become a mem- 
 ber of the whaling colony in Southampton, Long Island. 
 
 Joseph, son of the New England settler, came to Cape 
 May about 1692, attracted hither by the whaling, then be- 
 ing developed at Town Bank and Barnegat. Settling on 
 the division line between Dennis and Upper, he purchased 
 Ludlam's Beach, now Sea Isle City, and stocked it w'ith 
 cattle, the descendants of which survived until about 1875. 
 He acquired 500 acres in Dennis Neck, paying £163 for his 
 purchase. 
 
 Arthur Cresse came from Long Island about this time 
 also. John Stillwell came about the same time from there. 
 
 By an act of the Assembly November 12, 1692, Cape May 
 county was regularly instituted, as follows: 
 
 "Whereas, this province hath formerly been divided into 
 three counties for the better regulation thereof; and whereas 
 Cape May (being a place well situated for trade) begins to 
 increase to a considerable number of families; and there be- 
 ing no greater encouragement to the settlement of a place 
 
THE SETTLERS AND THEIU .NKW JJOMES. 4? 
 
 than that tliere be estabhshcd therein an order by govern- 
 ment, and justice duly administered: Be it tlierefore enacted 
 by the Governor, Council and Representatives in this pres- 
 ent Assembly met and assembled, and by the authority of 
 the same, that from henceforth Cape May shall be, and is 
 hereby appointed a county, the bounds whereof to begin at 
 the utmost flowing of the tide in Prince Maurice River, be- 
 ing about twenty miles from the mouth of said river, and 
 then by a line running easterly to the most northerly point 
 of Great Egg iiarbor, and from thence southerly along by 
 the sea to the point of Cape May; thence around Cape May. 
 and up Maurice River to the first point mentioned; and 
 tliat there be nominated and appointed such and so many 
 justices and other offtcers as at present may be necessary 
 for keeping the peace and trying of smaller causes under 
 forty shillings. In which circumstances the same county 
 shall remain until it shall appear that they are capable of 
 being erected into a County Court; and in case of any ac- 
 tion, whether civil or criminal, the same to be heard and 
 determined at the quarterly sessions in Salem county, with 
 liberty for the Justices of the County of Cape May, in con- 
 junction with the Justices of Salem County, in every such' 
 action in judgment to sit. and with them to determine the 
 same." 
 
 The time and place of holding the county elections were 
 likewise directed, and the number of representatives that 
 each was entitled to: Burlington to have 20; Gloucester, 20; 
 Salem and Cape May, 5 members. Cape May continued to 
 have five members until the time of the surrender in 1702, 
 except in the year 1697, when she was reduced to one rep- 
 resentative. No record, however, of the names of the mem- 
 bers previous to 1702 has come to light. 
 
 The first town meeting for public business was held at 
 the house of Benjamin Godfrey, on the 7th of February, 
 1692. "The commissions for Justices and Sherifif were pro- 
 claimed and George Taylor was appointed clerk." The 
 first suit on record is for assault and battery — "Oliver John- 
 son against John Carman." The second, John Jarvis, is 
 accused by George Taylor of helping the Indians to rum.. 
 A document is found reading in this wise: 
 
48 HISTOKY OF CAPE MAV CMH'XTY. 
 
 "Wm. Johnson's testimony against John Jarvis for help- 
 ing ye Indians to rum being accused thereof by George 
 Taylor. Deponent attesteth that several days after the 
 above sd laws were published at Cape May, he came into ye 
 house of ye sd Jarvis antl found Indians drinking rum and 
 one of ye sd Indians gave of ye rum to ye sd Johnson and 
 he drank of it with ym. The sd Jarvis refusing to clear him- 
 self by his oath according to law is convicted." 
 
 The explanation of this last phrase is that there was a 
 law which cleared a man of an accusation against him if he 
 took an oath that it was false. "Ye" should be read the; 
 "sd," said, and "ym," him. 
 
 As early as 1693 a ferry was established at Beesley's 
 Point, over Great Egg Harbor river; a proof there must 
 have been inhabitants upon both sides of the river at that 
 early period. The rates were one shilling for passengers, 
 two penny a bushel for grain, four penny each for sheep or 
 hogs, one shilling for cattle per head and one shilling for 
 every single person. 
 
 The following is a specimen of the manner of tying the 
 matrimonial knot in olden times: 
 
 "These may certify that on the fifteenth day of February, 
 1693, then and there came before me, Henry Stites and Han- 
 nah Garlick, and did each take the other to be man and 
 wife, according to the law of this province, being lawfully 
 published according to order, as witness their hands the 
 day and year above said. 
 
 "HENRY STITES. 
 "HANNAH GARLICK. 
 
 "SAMUEL CROWELL, Justice. 
 
 "Witnesses — John Carman, Jonathan Pine, John Shaw, 
 Jonathan Osborne, Caleb Carman. Shamgar Hand, Ruth 
 Dayton, William Harwood, Jacob Spicer, Ezekiel Eldredge, 
 Timothy Brandith." 
 
 At the court held at Portsmouth (Town Rank or Cape 
 May Town) on the 20th of March, 1693. previousl}- men- 
 tioned, which is the first of which we have any record, the 
 following officers were present, viz.: Justices — John Wol- 
 redge, Jeremiah Bass, John Jarvis, Joseph Houlden and 
 Samuel Crowel. Sherifif — Timothy Brandreth. Clerk — 
 
■niK SET'n.KKS AND THKIK NHW lloMKS. 49 
 
 George Taylor. Grand Jury — Shanigar Hand, Thomas 
 Hand, William Goulden, Samuel ]\latt]K\\ s. John Town- 
 isend, William Whitlock, Jacob Dayton, Oliver Johnson, 
 •Christopher Leayeman, Arthur Cresse, Ezekiel Eldredge, 
 William Jacocks, John Carman, Jonathan Pine, Caleb Car- 
 ■anan, John Reeves and Jonathan T'oreman. 
 
 "A rule of Court passed, the grand jury shall have their 
 dinner allowed them at the county charge." 
 
 "Their charge being given them, the grand jury find it 
 aiccessary that a road be laid out, most convenient for the 
 Icing and county, and so far as one county goeth, we are 
 ■willing to clear a road for travelers to pass." "John Town- 
 send and Arthur Cresse appointed Assessors; Timothy 
 Erandreth, Collector; Shamgar Hand, Treasurer; Samuel 
 Matthews and William Johnson, Supervisors of the Road; 
 .and John Somers for Egg Harbor. At same Court John 
 :Somers was appointed Constable for Great Egg Harbor." 
 A record of the same court reads: ^ 
 
 "The grand jury, upon complaint made by Elizabeth 
 Crafford, and we have taken it into consideration, and we 
 ■find that no fariner ought to rate ale or other strong drink 
 to ye inhabitants of Cape May, except they have a lysence 
 for so doing. So the court orders that no person shall sell 
 liquor without a lysence, and that 40 Pounds be raised by 
 tax to defray expenses, with a proviso that produce should 
 be taken at 'money price' in payment." The above ap- 
 pointment by the Court of John Somers for Supervisor of 
 th€ Roads and Constable for Great Egg Harbor, confirms 
 the opinion advanced by Mickle that the county of Glou- 
 cester did not originally reach to the ocean, and that the 
 inhabitants of the seaboard, or Great Egg Harbor, were 
 under the jurisdiction of Cape May. The act of 1694, how- 
 • ever, made them dependent upon Gloucester, and that of 
 1730 extended the county of Gloucester to the ocean. 
 
 Another act relating to the county courts in Cape May 
 ••"Kas that of October 3, 1693, which reads: "Whereas, it has 
 been found expedient to erect Cape May into a county, the 
 "Iwrands whereof at the last session of this Assembly have 
 "fce^n ascertained; and conceiving it also reasonable the in- 
 "Jbadbitants thereof shall partake of what privileges (under 
 
60 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 their circumstances) tliey are capable of, with the rest of 
 the counties in this Province, and having (upon enquiry)*, 
 received satisfaction that there is a sufficient number of in- 
 habitants within the said county to keep and hold a County 
 Court, in smaller matters relating to civil causes: Be it en- 
 acted by the Governor, Council, and Representatives in 
 Assembly met and assembled, and by authority thereof,, 
 that the inhabitants of the county of Cape May shall and 
 may keep and hold four county courts yearly, viz: on the 
 third Tuesday of December. 3d March, 3d June, and 3d of 
 September; all which courts the Justices commissioned,, 
 and to be conmiissioned in the said county, shall and ma\- 
 hear and try, according to law. all civil actions within the 
 said county under the sum of £20." All above £20 were 
 still to be tried at Salem. 
 
 The same Assembly jjassed the following, viz: 
 "Whereas the whaling in Delaware Bay has been in sof 
 great a measure invaded b) strangers and foreigners, that 
 the greatest part of oyl and bone received and got by that 
 employ, hath been exported out of the Province to the great 
 detriment thereof: Be it enacted, that any one killing a. 
 whale or whales in Delaware Bay, or on its shores, to pay 
 the value of i-io of the oyl and bone to the Governor of 
 the Province." Another act of the same Assembly em- 
 powered justices to issue warrants to constables for raising 
 taxes specified in a concomitant law. albeit that there was 
 yet no court in Cape May, the said court not being estab- 
 lished for two months or until December. 
 
 The Assembly by act of May 12. 1694, made a new boun- 
 dary line for the county, as "the bounds of the said county 
 were not distinctly enough described." The starting place, 
 twenty miles up Maurice river, remained the same, but its 
 termination was at the "middlemost great river that run- 
 neth into the bay of Great Egg Harbour, so far as the tide 
 flows up the same and thence down the said river into the 
 said bay." This "middlemost great river" has been taken 
 to be Tuckahoe, which is probably correct. The residents 
 of Egg Harbour were by this act put into Gloucester 
 county (now Atlantic). On the same date the Assembly 
 passed the act requiring that the freeholders should meet 
 
riiH siriiLi: us A.\n iiikiu m:\v iiomks. rA 
 
 yearly in "tlie town of Cape May."' on the 6tli of l-"obruary, 
 to choose five "good and sufficient men to serve in the (ien- 
 eral Assembly." 
 
 After the West Jersey Society was formed in 1692 the set- 
 tlers were able to get titles to their lands. The earliest 
 deeds on the books of the society are three granted in 
 April, 1694, to William Dixon. William Whitlock and 
 Christopher Leamyeng. In the next year thirty more 
 deeds were recorded. In the latter year jertiniah P.asse 
 was the agent of the West Jersey Society, and as a si)eci- 
 nien of the indentnres of those days and the l->argaiiis ma^e 
 between the agents and land owners, the following exnact 
 of an indenture of April 20th, 1695, is given: 
 
 "The said Arthur Cresse his Heirs and assigns shall 
 vearlv and every year pay or cause to be paid to the saul 
 Jeremiah Basse on account of the said Society the 24th day 
 of December to fat Hens or capons at Coxe Hall as a Chief 
 or quit Rent due and payable to the Society as Lords of 
 ]\Ianor of Coxe Hall." 
 
 In this same year the Assembly, on May 12, appointed 
 the following of^cials for Cape May: Joseph Houlding, 
 Samuel Crowell, John Jervis and Shamger Hand, Justices; 
 John Townsend, Sheriff: Timothy Brandereth. Clerk and 
 Recorder, and Samuel Mathews, Coroner. 
 
 In 1696 Governor Andrew Hamilton appointed George 
 Tavlor his agent to collect the one-tenth of the "oyl" and 
 whale bone due to Governor of the province, and also to 
 look after wa'ecks wdiich might come on the shore. Tay- 
 lor's commission reads as follows: 
 
 "Andrew^ Hamilton, Esq., Governor of the Province of 
 East and West Jersey to all whome these p'sents may come 
 send Greeting Know ye that by virtue of the powers 
 com'eted to Me I have Nominated Comishoned and ap- 
 pointed and Doe by these p'sents Comishonte and apponte 
 George Taylor of Cape May, gent, My lawful Deputy and 
 Attornev to take into his possession all wrecks or Drift 
 whales or other Royall fish that shall be Driven on Shore 
 any where upon the Coste of Cape May Egg harbour or 
 v^'ithin Dillawer River as far as Burlington or any wrecks 
 floating near the Coaste and to Despose of the same accord- 
 
52 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 ing to his Deschreshon and to accounte to me for the 
 Same as allso to make inquirey into any wreckes heare to 
 fore Driven on shore or whales or whalebone or other 
 Royall fish and make Demand of the Same into his Cus- 
 tody for my use paying Resonable salvage for the same 
 and in Case of Refusall, to present for the same, acquittance 
 and Descharges to give and Generally to Doo all and every 
 other lawfuU thing conserning the p'mises ass I might doo 
 Mvselfe before the making hereof. 
 
 '"Witness: ' "AND. HAMILTON, 
 
 "Tho. Revelle. "Oct. 3, 1696." 
 
 "John Taylor. 
 
 In May, 1696, the Assembly made a new set of Justices, 
 appointing Samuel Crowell, John Jervis, Shamgar Hand 
 and George Taylor. In the next year two additional Jus- 
 tices were appointed, they being Jacob Dayton and Wil- 
 liam Goulding. Ezekiel Eldridge was made Sherif? to 
 succeed John Townsend. 
 
 The following named persons purchased of the agents of 
 Dr. Coxe and the West Jersey Society, mostly previous to 
 1696, some few as early as 1C89, the number of acres at- 
 tached to their respective names, viz: Christopher Leamy- 
 eng 204. William Jacoks 340, Abigail Pine 200, Humphrey 
 Hughes 206, Samuel Matthews 175, Jonathan Osborne no, 
 Nathaniel Short 200, Caesar Hoskins 250, Shamgar Hand 
 700, Joseph W>ldon (Whilldin) 150, Joseph Houlding 200, 
 Dorothy Hewitt 340, Thomas Hand 400, John Taylor 220, 
 John Curwith 55, John Shaw, 2 survey's, 315,^ Timothy 
 Brandreth iio,v^ohn Crawford 3^0, iizeiviei^Tdridge 90, 
 Oliver Russel 170, Samuel Crowell 226, John Carman 250, 
 Thomas Gandy 50, Caleb Carman 250, William Mason 150, 
 Henry Stites 200, Cornelius Skellinks 134. John Richardson 
 124, Arthur Cresse 350, Peter Corson 400, John Corson 
 300, John Townsend 640, William Golden and Rem. Gar- 
 retson 1016, William Johnson 436. John Page 125, John 
 Pax&cu3 ^3i5, William Smith 130, George Taylor 175, Den-" 
 nis Lynch 300. William Whitlock 500, Jacob Spicer, 2 sur- 
 veys, 1000, Benjamin Godfrey 210, Randal Hewit 140, 
 Elizabeth Carman 300. John Reeves 100. Benjamin Hand 
 T,yT,, James Stanfield 100. 
 
THE SKTIM.KUS AND TilKIU NEW IIO.MhS. .j-i 
 
 Some few of the above locations were made on tlie sea- 
 shore; but the larger proportion of them in the lower part 
 of the county. In addition to those who located land 
 previous to 1700, the following--named persons had resided, 
 and were then residing in the county, many of whom pos- 
 sessed land by secondary purchase: 
 
 Thomas Leamyeng. Alexander Humphries. John Briggs, 
 Abraham Hand, Shamgar Hand. Jr., Benjamin Hand, Jr., 
 Daniel Johnson, Oliver Johnson, William Harwood, Jacob 
 Dayton, Richard Haroo, Jonathan Crossle, William Lake, 
 Theirs Raynor, Thomas ]\Iatthe\vs, William StillwelL John 
 Cresse, Morris Raynor, Joshua Howell, Arthur Cresse, Jr., 
 William Blackburry, Daniel Carman. Joseph Knight, John 
 Stilhvell, John Else. John Steele, Thomas Hand, Joseph 
 Ludlam, Sr., Anthony Ludlam, Jonathan Pine, John Wol- 
 redge, John Jervis. Jonathan Foreman, Thomas Goodwin, 
 Jonathan High, Edward Howell, George Craw-ford. Joseph 
 Badcock. William Dean, Richard Jones, John Howell, 
 Thomas Stanford, George Xoble, John \\'olly, Peter Cart- 
 wright, Abraham Smith, John Hubard, Thomas Miller, 
 Robert Crosby, John Fish, Lubbart Gilberson. Edward 
 ]\Iarshall, James Cresse. W'illiam Simpkins, Thomas Good- 
 win, Thomas Clifton, Joshua Carman, William Duboldy, 
 James Marshall, John Baily, William Richardson, Thomas. 
 Foster, Thomas Hewit. George Tavlor. Jr., John Dennis, 
 Isaac Hand, Daniel Hand, Jeremiah Hand, Joseph Hand, 
 Thomas Bancroft, Edward Sunnnis, Henry Gray, Abraham 
 Weston, Thomas Going, Jonathan Edmunds. Nicholas 
 Martineau. John Garlick, Samuel Matthews. Jr.. William 
 Sha w-, Robert French, Jeremiah Miller, William Sharwood, 
 *2eKulon Sharp, John Story. Richard Townsend. Robert 
 Townsend. 
 
 William Sharwood was a fore parent of the famous Chief 
 Justice George Sharswood. of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Dr. Beesley (1857) says of the early pioneers of the coun- 
 ty: 
 
 '■Joseph Ludlam was here in 1692, and made purchases 
 of land on the seaside, at Ludlam's Run, upon which he af- 
 terwards resided: and likewise purchased, in 1720, of Jacob 
 Spiccr, a large tract in Dennis' Neck. He left four sons: 
 
54 HlS'lOJiV OF CATK MAY COTNTY. 
 
 Anthony (who settled npon the South Dennis property, 
 which is yet owned in part by his descendants), Joseph, Isaac 
 and Samuel, from whom all the Ludlams of the county have 
 descended. He died in 1761, aged eighty-six years. 
 
 "Jonathan Swain and Richard Swain, of Long Island, 
 were here in 1706, and soon after their father, Ebenezer 
 Swain, came to Cape May, and followed whaling, Jonathan 
 being a cooper for them. Their immediate descendants 
 were Zebulon, 1721; Elemuel, 1724; Reuben, who died in 
 the epidemic of 1713, and Silas, 1733. There was a Captain 
 Silas Swain in 1778, from wdiom has descended Joshua 
 Swain, recently deceased, who held many important trusts 
 in the county, as sheritif, member of the Legislature nine 
 years, and a member of the convention to draft the new 
 Constitution in 1843. 
 
 "Henry Young came about the year 1713. He served the 
 county as judge of the court for many years, and was a 
 member of the Legislature ten years. Judge Young was an 
 extensive landholder, deputy surveyor, and was judge of 
 the court from 1722 till his death in 1768. He was surrogate 
 from 1743 to 1768. He was a surveyor and a scrivener, and 
 no one, of those times, was more highly respected, or acted 
 a more prominent and useful part. All of the name now in 
 the county have descended from him. 
 
 "In the Lipper Township, William Goldens, Sen. and Sr., 
 Rem Garretson, John and Peter Corson, John W'illets, John 
 Hubbard, and soon after Henr}' Young, were the pioneers, 
 and at a later day John Mackey at Tuckahoe and Abraham 
 and John Vangilder at Petersburg]!. In Dennis, being a 
 part of the old Copper precinct, we find on the seaboard Jo- 
 seph Ludlam, John Townsend, Robert Richards and Sylva- 
 nus Townsend, sons of John, Benjamin Godfrey and John 
 Reeves, who were amongst the earliest settlers. 
 
 "Dennisville was settled upon the south side of the creek, 
 in or about 1726, by Anthony Ludlam, and some few years 
 afterwards the north side by his brother, Joseph, both being 
 sons of Joseph Ludlam, of Ludlam's Run, seaside. David 
 Johnson was here in 1765, and owned at the time of his 
 death, in 1805, a large scope of land on the north side of 
 Dennis Creek. James Stephenson purchased of Jacob Spi- 
 
'INK sirrrLEus and tmkih .\i;\v homks. 55 
 
 -icer, in the year 1748, the property now owned and occupied 
 hy his grandson, Enoch, now aged over eighty-five years. 
 East and West Creek w^ere settled by Joseph Savage and 
 John Goff, the last of whom was here as early as 17 10. He 
 had a son. John, and his numerous descendants now occupy 
 ;that portion of the county. 
 
 "In the Middle Township, we may name on the seaboard, 
 in the order in which they resided, Thomas Learning. John 
 Reeves, Henry Stites. Shamgar Hand, Samuel Matthews 
 and John Parsons. William and Benjamin Johnson. Yelver- 
 son DfoweTl and Aaron Leaming, tirst, were tirst at Goshen, 
 the latter with the ostensible object of raising stock. 
 
 "Cape May Court House has been the county seat since 
 
 1745. Daniel Hand presented the county with an acre of 
 land as a site for the county buildings erected at that time. 
 But litle improvement was made until within the present cen- 
 
 ■*nry, the la'it twenty -five years havirg ccncenti.ited a suffi- 
 ciency of inhabitants to build up a village of its present ex- 
 tent and proportions, embellished by the county with a new 
 and commodious court house, and by the people with two 
 beautiful churches, one for the Baptist and another for the 
 Methodist persuasion. 
 
 "Henry Stites. ancestor of all in the county of that name, 
 came to the country about or in the year 1691. He located 
 two hundred acres of land, including the place now belong- 
 ing to the heirs of Eli Townsend. He made his mark, yet he 
 afterwards acquired the art of waiting, and was justice of 
 the court for a long series of years, being noted such in 
 
 1746. He left a son. Richard, who resided at Cape Island, 
 and he a son, John, from whom the Lower Towr.sl:ip Stites 
 have descended. His son. Isaiah, wdio died in 1767. and 
 from whom the Stites of the L'pper and part of the Middle 
 Township have descended, lived on the places now occupied 
 by his grandsons. John and Townsend Stites. at Beesley's 
 Point. The Middle Township Stites, below the court house, 
 are descendants of Benjamin Stites. who was probably a 
 brother of Henry, and was in the county in 1705. 
 
 "John Willits was the son of Hope Willets. and w^as born 
 here in 1688. married Martha Corson in 17 16, left three 
 .sons, Isaac, James and Jacob. He was judge of the court 
 
56 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 many years, a member of the Legislature in 1743, and wzs 
 living in 1763." 
 
 Henry Young was impressed in England, his native couii- 
 try, when very young, on board a man-of-war, from which 
 he made his escape to a vessel bound to Philadelphia. Here.„. 
 to elude pursuit, he was secreted in a hogshead in the hoM 
 of the vessel, and as soon as they put to sea he was relieved- 
 but not until nearly exhausted for want of fresh air. 
 
 The members from Cape May objecting to the restrictioH' 
 placed on their court, by not allowing it to try cases over 
 i20. and having to take them to Salem or Burlington, the 
 Assembly passed an act on May 12, 1697, placing tlie 
 court on the same equality with other county tribunals m 
 the colony. 
 
 In the same year, May 12, 1697, "An Act for a road tt? 
 and from Cape May" was passed. 
 
 "Whereas the inhabitants of Cape May count}- do rep- 
 resent themselves as under extreme hardship for want o€ 
 a road from Cape May, through their county to Cohansey, 
 in order to their repair to Burlington to attend the public 
 services: Be it enacted by the Governor, &c.. that George 
 Taylor and John Crafiford (Crawford), be commissioners. 
 appointed to lay out a road from Cape May the most con- 
 venient to lead to Burlington, between this and the loth of 
 September next." 
 
 It was ordered likewise that the expense be borne by the 
 inhabitants of Cape Ma}" until such time as those lauds 
 through which the road goes are settled. This road, so 
 important to the convenience and travel of the people of 
 the county, W'as not finished till 1707. Prior to this the 
 county was completely isolated from the upper districts of 
 the State by the extensive bed of cedar swamps and marshes 
 stretching from the headwaters of Cedar Swamp Creek to 
 the headwaters of Dennis Creek, and no comnumication 
 could have been held with Cohansey or Burlington except 
 by the waters of the Delaware, or by horse-paths through 
 the swamps that constitute the barrier. 
 
 A record of the grand jury and court of 1689 contains- 
 the following: "We the grand jury order that if any persore 
 will hang a gate anywhere between Joshua Carmans and . 
 
THE SE'rrLERS AND THEIR NEW HOMES. 57" 
 
 old Elizabeth Carmans, and clear the old roud to the gate,, 
 and from the gate to the mill, they may do it, and that shall 
 be the road; and if that wont do, let them hang a gate in 
 the old road." The same court presents John Coston for 
 being drunk, and Henry Stites for breach of Sabbath in 
 driving cattle and slaughtering a steer. Joseph Ludlam 
 was admonished in court, "that for time to come he be care- 
 ful in taking an oath, and to mind to what it doth relate to." 
 
 Gabriel Thomas, in his history of West Jersey in 1698,. 
 gives us the following particulars, viz: "Prince M.-iurice 
 River is where the Swedes used to kill the geese in great 
 numbers for their feathers (only), leaving their carcasses 
 behind them. Cohansey River, by which they send great 
 store of cedar to Philadelphia city. Great Egg Harbor 
 (up which a ship of two or three hundred tons may sail),, 
 which runs by the back part of the country into the main 
 sea; I call it back because the first improvements made by 
 the Christians was Delaware river-side. Tl i? place is noted 
 for good store of corn, horses, cows, sheep, liogs; the lands 
 thereabouts being much improved and built upon. Little 
 Egg Harbor Creek, which takes their names from the great 
 abundance of Eggs which the swans, geese, ducks, and 
 other wild fowls of those rivers lay thereabouts. The com- 
 modities of Cape May County are oyl and whalebone, of 
 which they make prodigious quantities every year; having 
 mightily advanced that great fishery, taking great numbers, 
 of whales yearly. This county, for the general part of it, is 
 extraordinary good and proper for the raising of all sorts 
 of cattell, very plentiful here, as cows, horses, sheep, and 
 hogs, &c. Likewise, it is well stored with fruits which 
 make very good and pleasant liquors, such as neighbouring 
 country before mentioned affords." 
 
 Among those who purchased land of Dr. Coxe were Wil- 
 liam Jacoks and Humphrey Hughes, whose plots amounted 
 to 340 and 206 acres respectively, mentioned in the fore- 
 going list of purchasers of the West Jersey Society land?.. 
 Their lands were what is now a part of Cape May City,, 
 then called, 1700, Cape Island. The distance from the 
 sea across tlie island to the creek was 265 perches. As t'he..- 
 deed calls for a line of marked trees, it must have been orL. 
 
5d' HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 the upland, at which place the distance has been greatly 
 reduced by the inroads of the sea since that time. They 
 held this land individually until 1700 and "tilled the land to 
 thle water's edge." Jacoks afterward sold his interest to 
 Thomkis Hand, one of the original settlers of Cape Island. 
 Randal Hewitt, another Cape May county settler, who first 
 boHgfit landr> of the Society, purchased land within the 
 limits of Cape Island. The first public improvement that 
 is' chronicled is the building of a causeway to the island in 
 1690^ by George Eaglesfield, for the acconuuodation of the 
 public. 
 
 loIm- X^rawford 's purchase from the West Jersey Society, 
 on April i, 1699, was of 300 acres, which bounded on New 
 Englantl Creek, in Lower township, for more than a mile, 
 and two-thirds a mile up the shore northerly. The land is 
 said to lie for a quarter of a mile under water. George 
 Cr awford, a son_ of John^ nd George Eaglesfield, who built 
 the causeway to~Cap'S^Island, in 1699, built a mill on this 
 property, which was patronized by the residents of the 
 county pretty liberally. We are told that a part of the strip 
 of land washed away by the action of the waters of 
 the Delaware Bay stood Town Bank, or the original Cape 
 May Town, or New England Town, as it was severally 
 known. 
 
 In I3ecember, 1699, owing to the increase in court busi- 
 ness, three new "circular judges" w^ere appointed by the 
 Assembly of the colony of New Jersey, all of which were 
 to hold court, with civil and criminal jurisdiction, on the 
 20th day of February and October of each year, at Cape 
 May. On the 20th of December, the same year, 1699, we 
 find the following as officials: Justices, Shamgar Hand, 
 Jacob Dayton, William Golding, Samuel Mathews and 
 John Townsend; Sheriff, Ezekiel Eldridge; Clerk and Re- 
 corder, Timothy Brandereth; Coroner, Joseph Whildin; 
 and Provincial Judges for the Colony, with jurisdiction in 
 Cape May, Francis Davenport, Edward Hemlock and 
 Jonathan Beer. 
 
 The Assembly at the same time passed an act giving 
 Cape May three representatives in the Assembly instead of 
 five; 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 LIFE KAULY I.\ 1 HE EKill'l EENTH CEXTT-RY. 
 At the beginning" of the eighteenth century we find Cape 
 May county with proi)ably between four and five hundred 
 settlers, scattered along both the Delaware Bay and the 
 Atlantic Ocean shores of the county, and find homes in an 
 almost barren wilderness scattered along the uplands ad- 
 jacent to sounds between Great Egg Harbor and Cape 
 
 May. Those who did not go whaling began farming their 
 recently purchased lands and spending their time in the 
 sounds and thoroughfares fishing, claming, oystering and 
 
 .hunting for wild fowl, where such were then abundant. 
 The principal settlements in the lower part of the county 
 
 ;at the time were about Xew England Creek. Town Bank 
 
 .and Cold Spring, and at Middletown (now Cape May Court 
 House), in the middle part of the county. 
 
 It was during this time that the famous Captain Kidd 
 
 was practicing his depredations along the coast by pri- 
 vateering and the like. He is reported to have buried his 
 plunderings in the sands along the coast, and Cape May's 
 
 :sands has been said to contain some of them. Near Cape 
 May Point a tree known as Kidd's tree was in existence 
 near the light house until about 1893. In a report of the 
 Lords of Trade to the Lord's Justices, under date of Au- 
 gust 10, 1699, Captain Kidd and other privateersmen are 
 
 :spoken of, and their landing at Cape May with goods taken 
 
 on the East Indian coast are mentioned. 
 
 The offtcers appointed for Cape May on May 12-25, 
 1700, were Shamgar Hand. John Townsend, Jacob Dayton, 
 Samuel Mathews, Thomas Stanford, William Mason, Jus- 
 tices; Edmund Howel, Sheriff; Timothy Brandreth, Clerk 
 
 and Recorder; Jonathan Osborne, Coroner, and John 
 
 Crawford, King's Attorney. 
 
60 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 The appointments for the following year are recorded as 
 follows : 
 
 May 12-21: Justices, Shamgar Hand, George Taylor^. 
 William Mason. (These three a quorum) Jonathan Os- 
 bourn, Thomas Stanford and Arthur Cressis; Sherifif, Cae- 
 sar Hoskins; Clerk, Timothy Brandereth; Coroner, SamueE 
 Mathews; Provincial Judges, Edward Hunlock, George 
 Deacon and Jonathan Beer; Assessors, John Creesey and 
 Jacob Spicer; Collector, William Shaw. 
 
 At this same time Cape May's members of the Assembly 
 were increased from three to live m^^ibers, and the change 
 in i6Qg_ "hath occasioned an unexpected dissatisfaction." 
 
 A petition of the inhabitants of West Jersey, dated May 
 12, this year, asking that the colony be taken under the- 
 King's immediate control, was signed by Shamgar Hand,. 
 Jos£pli_Shaw_and George Taylor, of Cape May. 
 
 In the year 1702, when Queen Anne began her reign in 
 England, many important changes were made in the colony 
 of New Jersey, the colonies of East and West Jersey were 
 united under one Royal Governor, Edward, Lord Cornbury, 
 whose province also included the colony of New York. 
 The government of New Jersey's colony was to be com- 
 posed of the Royal Governor, twelve counsellors, nomina- 
 ted by the crown, and an Assembly of twenty-four repre- 
 sentatives, who were to meet alternately at Perth Amboy 
 and Burlington. The Assembly consisted of two members 
 each from the towns of Amboy and Burlington, and two 
 each from the counties of Bergen, Essex, Somerset, Mid- 
 dlesex, Monmouth, Burlington, Gloucester, Salem and" 
 Cape May, and the Assemblyman was compelled to be a. 
 land holder of at least one thousand acres before he was 
 qualified to act. In the same year the West Jersey Society 
 resigned all its governmental rights to the crown owing to 
 the rapidly multiplying difficulties which were besetting the 
 proprietors. 
 
 Peter Fretwell, the first member from the county after 
 the surrender, and the first on record that ever represented 
 her, belonged to Burlington. He was a Friend and a co- 
 temporary of Samuel Jennings, as the record of the 
 monthly meet there attests, and came over in the ship' 
 
LIFE EARLY I\ THE El« JH'rEKX'l II (n:.\ riRY. Gl 
 
 Shield, in 1678, with his brother, John Fretwell, Mahlon 
 Stacy, Thomas Revel and others. Revel was at one time 
 a resident of Cape May. It is probable that no resident of 
 Cape May at the time had 1000 acres of land, and that w'as 
 why Fretwell, a non-resident, was selected to represent the 
 county in the Assembly for a period of twelve years. It is 
 not known that Jacob Huling, who was a member in 1716, 
 or Jeremiah Bass, from 1719 to 1723, ever resided perma- 
 nently in Cape May county. The balance of the list of 
 representatives were all legitimately Cape May men, and 
 taken in a body were the bone and sinew of the county. 
 
 Dr. Beesley says: "Of some of those ancient worthies in 
 the list we know but little, except that they held important 
 oflfices of trust and responsibility. Others among them 
 seemed to live more for posterity than themselves, by in- 
 diting almost daily the passing events of the times, and they 
 are consequently better known and appreciated. Their 
 writings at that day might have seemed to possess but little 
 attraction, yet they have become interesting through ag5, 
 and valuable as links in the chain which connects our early 
 history with the reminiscences and associations of times 
 more recent, and to carry out this connection it will be the 
 duty of some faithful chronicler to unite the history of those 
 times and the present, which is so rapidly giving place to 
 the succeeding generation, by a descriptive and truthful 
 account, more full and complete, as the data and material 
 incident to later times are more abundant and illustrative." 
 
 The first survey of Rumney Marsh, afterwards called 
 Middletown, and then Cape May Court House, was made 
 by Jeremiah Hand in 1703. 
 
 During this year Cape May's militia was put under the 
 command of Captain Joshua Newbold, who was given by 
 his commission of August 7, 1703, charge of the Salem and 
 Gloucester militia. The second French and Indian war 
 against the English colonists of New England and Nova 
 Scotia had then commenced. We have no records to show, 
 however, that any Cape May men went to battle in this 
 conflict, which lasted until 171 3. On the i6th of August, 
 1703, Daniel Coxe was made the colonel of a foot regi- 
 ment belonging to the counties of Burlington, Gloucester, 
 
€2 HISTORY OF CAFE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Salem and Cape May. Daniel Coxe was the eldest son of 
 Dr. Daniel Coxe. and was baptised in London, August 3!;^ 
 1673. H^ probably accompanied Lord Combury to Amer- 
 ica in 1702, by whom he was appointed commander of 
 forces in West Jersey. He was known as Colonel. He 
 doubtless returned to England in 1704, for this year he was 
 in London waging a vigorous defense against some of the 
 attacks of some of the New Jersey proprietors. He came 
 back to America in 1706, and was appointed by Cornburjr 
 one of the Associate Judges of the Supreme Court. He 
 was a Quaker, but finally eloped with a maiden of that 
 faith, and was married at three o'clock in the morning un- 
 der the trees, by firelight, by Cornbury's chaplain. Lord 
 Lovelace, in 1708, made him a member of council, but he 
 was removed by Hunter in 171 3. He died April 25, 1739. 
 He was often in the Legislature from Burlington, Glouces- 
 ter and Salem counties. 
 
 During this period the whaling industry had not abated, 
 and the inhabitants sought the aid of the government, and 
 the Lawrences, before mentioned, were granted the follow- 
 ing commission, which is given in its original spelling: 
 
 "Edward Viscount Cornbury, Captaine Generall and 
 Governor in Chiefe in and over her ^Nlajestes Provinces of 
 New Jersey, New York and all the Territory and tracts of 
 Land depending thereon in America and Vice Admirall of 
 the Same &c. To Joseph Lawrence, James Lawrence Greet- 
 ing You are hereby Lycencd and authorized to fit out two 
 boates to fish for, kill Cut up, try for your proper use and 
 advantage what whales or Other Royall fish you Can or 
 may find on the Coust of this Province of New Jersey be- 
 twixt Sandy hook and barnegat Inlett as also to take and 
 secure all boates, barques, ships and other vessells or things 
 that may be cast away or Otherwise stranded on the Said 
 Coust and within the said Destrict and when Secured you 
 are forthwith to give me an acc't of the Same in order to 
 receive further Direction from me the Said Lord Viscount 
 Cornbury paying unto me or to such as I shall apoint to 
 Receive, one twentyeth part of all the Oyle and bone of 
 the Whales and Such O+her fish as by Virtue of this 
 Lycence they shall take and kill All the Charges of takeing,. 
 
LIFE EARLY IN THE EIGHTEENTH (^ENTUHV. 96 
 
 Killing and trying the vSamc being first Deducted. Given 
 under my hand and Seale this nth day of December Anno 
 Reg, Reg Anna Nunc Anglico 31 annoq Dom 1704. 
 
 Cornbury 
 
 By his Excellency's order J. BASS. 
 
 In another part of the record, under date of April 8,, 
 1728, is found a document addressed to "Jacob Spicer (gen- 
 tleman," being signed by Basse and Cornbury, instructing 
 Spicer to 
 
 "Take possession into Custody all boatcs, Sloopcs, . 
 Parkes, Shipps or other Vessels or things that may be 
 driven ashore, Ract or Otherwise strunded on any part of 
 the Westerne Shore of the bay or River Delaware or on. 
 anv of the Sholes being within the Same and a .Long the 
 Sea Coast of the Provinces of New Jersey to the high Sand 
 of Never Sinkes and Sandy hooke and to Secure and save 
 the Same until such time as you shall (iive notice to me: 
 thereof and receive further Directions from me. As also 
 all whales or other Royall fish that may be driven a shore 
 within the sd. District to take into Custody, Cutt up and by 
 such ways and means as is most proper to secure." 
 
 Peter Bard. Nathanael Jenkins and Aaron Leamyeng 
 were at the same time each given a like commission. 
 
 The following newspaper extracts are interesting: 
 
 "Boston News-Letter," from March 17 to 24, 1718, says: 
 "Philadelphia. March 13. — We are told that the whale men 
 catch'd six whales at Cape May and twelve at Egg-TIar- 
 bour." 
 
 "The Pennsylvania Gazette" of March 13-19, 1729-30^, 
 says: 
 
 "On the 5th of this Instant Alarch. a Whale came ashore - 
 dead about 20 mile to the Eastward of Cape May. -She is ■ 
 a Cow, about 50 Foot long, and appears to have been killed 
 by Whalemen; but who they are is yet unknown. Those 
 who think they have a Property in her, are advised to make 
 their Claim in Time." 
 
 "The Pennsylvania Gazette," March 11-18, 1735-6, 
 says: "Philadelphia, March 19. * * * On the 25th of 
 Fob. last, there were two Whales killed at Cape May, the 
 one is ashore on Cape-Isianrl, and the other on the upper- 
 
^64 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COT^NTY. 
 
 ■end of the Cape, on the East Side; 'tis suppos'd they will 
 yield about 40 Barrels of Oil each; the one was 3 Years 
 old, and the other a Yearling; the Whale-men are in hopes 
 ■of killing more, for they have lately seen several on the 
 Coast, near the Cape." 
 
 The "Pennsylvania Gazette" of 1742, reported two 
 whales at Cape May early in April. 
 
 In 1704 the general sessions of the peace were ordered 
 by Governor Cornbur}^ to be held at the house of Shamgar 
 Hand on the fourth Tuesdays of March, June and Septem- 
 ber, and on the first Tuesday in January. The Ancient 
 Judge of the Supreme Court was to hold court there on the 
 first Tuesday of June. At the same time John Townsend, 
 Shamgar Hand and William Goulder were appointed a 
 commission for laying out, regulating, clearing and pre- 
 serving the common highways. Jeremiah Basse was au- 
 thorized to administer the civil and military oaths authorized 
 by Parliament. 
 
 In 1705 the grand jury decided to have a prison built 
 "13 feet by 8, and 7 feet high in the first story, upon the 
 Queen's Highway, eastwardly of Gravelly Run." Stocks 
 and whipping posts were ordered at the same time. 
 
 A license was granted this year from Governor Cornbury 
 to Captain Jacob Spicer, of the sloop Adventurer, owned by 
 John and Richard Townsend; burden, 16 tons. She traded 
 from Cape May to Philadelphia and Burlington, and no 
 doubt was considered a vessel of some magnitude in those 
 days. The next year the sloop Necessity was built and 
 owned by Dennis Lynch. After this vessels were built and 
 sailed in different directions. 
 
 During 1704 and 1705 the Assembly ordered that £2000 
 be raised every year for the support of the colony, the ap- 
 portionment for Cape May county being, in 1704, £63: ii: 
 4, and for 1705, £65: 4: 6. The Receiver-General of the 
 colony received in 1705, by John Hand, £61: 16: 4, and in 
 1706, by John Hand again, £54: 14: i: 2. 
 
 The first doctor known in Cape May county was Rich- 
 ard Smith, of either Egg Harbor or Cape May, who was 
 in 1705 given a license to practice "Cirurgery and Phisiq." 
 
 In 1705 Cape May was again reduced to one represen- 
 
lAVK lOAKIA' IN TIIK KK i ll'l'KKN'IMI < KXlTlt V. 05 
 
 tative in the Assembly. This same year more mihtary of- 
 ficers were appointed for Cape May, as follows: Samuel 
 Mathews, captain of militia; Ezekiel Eklridge to be lieu- 
 tenant of the same company; and William Mason to be an 
 ensign of militia. In a civil capacity Shamgar Hand and 
 Timothy Brandreth were appointed Assessors; John Hand, 
 Collector, and Shamgar Hand, Samuel Mathews, William 
 Golding. Thomas Hand, William Mason. Benjamin God- 
 frey, Peter Carson Le Bore and John Townsend, Justices 
 -of the Peace. 
 
 In 1706 Shamgar Hand and William Golden, commis- 
 sioners for that purpose, laid out the road from Egg Har- 
 "bor to Cold Spring, and thence to Town Bank, as follows: 
 "Beginning at a bush near the water's edge on Great Egg 
 Harbor River (Tuckahoe River), and from said bush along 
 William Golden's fence to the gate post; from thence along 
 the fence to the corner thereof; then by a line of marked 
 trees to the first run; thence to the head of John Coston's 
 branch; thence to the head of dry swamp; thence to the 
 head of Joseph Ludlam's branch; thence around the head 
 of John Townsend's branch to the going over the branch 
 between Abraham Hand's and Thomas Leonard's; thence 
 to the bridge over Leonard's branch; thence to the bridge 
 over the branch towards the head of William Johnson's 
 land, so on to the bridge over the Fork branch; thence to 
 the bridge over John Cressee's Creek; thence to the bridge 
 over Crooked Creek, so by a line of marked trees to the 
 bridge over Gravelly Run; thence to the bridge over Cres- 
 see's Creek; thence to the old going over at John Shaw's; 
 thence to the old going over at W'illiam Shaw's branch; 
 thence to the head of John Taylor's branch; thence to the 
 turning out of Cold Spring path, so on by a line of marked 
 trees, partly along the old road down to the bayside, be- 
 tween Georg-e Crawford's and the hollow." 
 
 In 1707 John Townsend and Shamgar Hand, commis- 
 sioners, laid out the road from the head of John Townsend's 
 Creek to the cedar swamp and through it to a place called 
 ""Ludley's bridg-e, and toward Marice River as far as the 
 county goeth." Thus, after fourteen years of hard talking, 
 for it appears that nothing else had been done until now. 
 
66 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 the road through the cedar swamps, lying between the 
 headwaters of Cedar Swamp Creek and Dennis Creek (then, 
 called Cedar Creek, Sluice Creek being named Dennis), 
 was laid out, and according to records of the first Thomas 
 Learning, completed this year. It is a question by what 
 route the inhabitants had communication with the other 
 parts of the colony, as they appear to have been completely 
 isolated until this road was made. This improvement was 
 always a county road until 1790, when the road over Den- 
 nis was made, after which time the former seems to have: 
 been abandoned. 
 
 Oldmixon. 1708, says: "The tract of land between thisi 
 (Cape May) and Little Egg Harbor, which divides East and 
 West New Jersey, goes by the name of Cape May County- 
 Here are several straggling houses on this neck of land, the 
 chief of which is Cox's Hall; but there's yet no Town. 
 Most of the inhabitants are fishernien, there being a. 
 whalery at the mouth of the Bay, on this as well as the op- 
 posite shore." 
 
 The name of Ezekiel Eldredge, Sr., is first mentioned 
 March 12-16, 1688, as a witness before the Grand Jury at a 
 court held in Burlington, on a whale case. He purchased 
 in 1689, of Dr. Coxe, 80 acres of land; was Slitiiff of Cape- 
 May county from 1697 to 1700, and his "ear marks" were 
 recorded in 1706 for the preservation of his roaming stock. 
 He wa: a member of the Legislature from 1708 to 1709. 
 
 At this time Richard, John and Robert Townsend owned 
 a square-sterned sloop called the "Dolphin," which was 
 built at Cape May, and whose master was George Crafford. 
 
 On June 23, 1709, more officers were appointed for the 
 militia. Ezekiel Eldridge was made a captain in Colonel 
 Coxe's regiment, William Shaw, lieutenant, and Humphrey 
 Hews, ensign. Seven days later Major Jacob Spicer was 
 commissioned to be "Captaine of a Company of fuzileers 
 rased for the Expedition against Canada. You are there- 
 fore to take the said Company into Your charge," and 
 Spicer was also to be whaler from Sandy Hook to Cape 
 May, but one-half of the proceeds were to go to Governor 
 Richard Ingoldsby. David Strongham and Lew Hooton 
 were to be first and second lieutenants respectively of 
 
LIFE KAULV IN THE EUJHTEENTH CENTURY. 67 
 
 Spicer's company. It was this year that Jacob Spicer first 
 entered the Assembly, of which he was a member until 
 1723. A letter dated July 14, 171 1, telling of the proceed- 
 ings of the Council and Assembly of the province, says: 
 
 "Major Spicer who went on the Expedition to Canada,, 
 is Superseded by Justice Tomlinson in Gloster County, and 
 one Townsend a Quaker made Judge in Cape May Coun- 
 
 ty." 
 
 What Cape May county at this time paid in to the treas- 
 ury of the Province for the support of the government can 
 be proportioned when it was ordered to pay £99 tax out of 
 a total of £3000 to be raised in the State. That year John 
 Page and I'.arnebas Cromwell, or Crowell, were given the 
 work of making the assessment on the land holders, and 
 Joseph Weldon was made the collector. 
 
 Thomas Gordon, Receiver-General of the province, in 
 his reports of cash received for His Majesty's Revenues of 
 New Jersey from June 23d, 1710, to March 26th, 1719, 
 credits as having received from Cape May for the support 
 of government the following amounts: 171 1 and 1712, 
 £49: 11:0; 1714 and 1715, £34: 7: 10; and 1716, 1717 and 
 1718, £105: 05: 04. 
 
 Owing to the uncertainties of many of the boundary lines 
 in the province, several were changed on January 21. 1710, 
 for the reason given in this preamble : 
 
 "Whereas by the uncertainty of the Boundaries of the 
 Counties of this Province great Inconveniences have 
 arisen, so that the respective Officers of most of these Coun- 
 ties cannot know the Limits of them," etc. 
 
 Cape May's boundary was changed to conform to the 
 following bounds: 
 
 "Beginning at the mouth of a small creek on the west side 
 of Stipson's Island, called Jecak's Creek; thence up the 
 same as high as the tide fioweth; thence along the bounds 
 of Salem County to the southernmost main branch of Great 
 Egg Harbor River; thence down the said river to the sea; 
 thence along the sea-coast to Delaware Bay, and so up the 
 said Bay to the place of beginning." 
 
 It seems the inhabitants on the western side of Maurice 
 River, the Cape May boundary, were without any legal 
 
68 HISTORY OF CAPP: MAY COUNTY. 
 
 control until 1707, when an act was passed annexing the in- 
 habitants between the river Tweed, now Back Creek (being 
 the lower bounds of Salem county), and the bounds of Cape 
 May county to Salem county, putting them under its juris- 
 diction. The act of 1710 extends Salem county, and cur- 
 tails Cape May county, to Stipson's Island, or West Creek. 
 Its greatest length, N. E. and S, W., was 30 miles; great- 
 est breadth, E. and W., 15 miles; form, semi-oval; area, 252 
 square miles, or about 161,000 acres. 
 
 At the time the boundary was changed the requisites of 
 an Assemblyman were raised to one thousand acres of land, 
 or to be worth £500 current money, in either real or per- 
 sonal estate. 
 
 John and Peter Corson came to Cape May about 1685. 
 The second generation was Peter, Jr., John, Jr., Christian 
 and Jacob. Peter represented the county in the Assembly 
 in 1707. This family, all of whom are descendants of 
 Peter and John, numbered in the county, at the census of 
 1850, 295 souls; 253 of whom belong to the Upper Town- 
 ship, 6 to Dennis, 26 to the Middle, and 10 to the Lower 
 Township. 
 
 The Hand family was well represented amongst the early 
 settlers, there being eleven persons of that name previous 
 to 1700. 
 
 Dr. Beesley says (1857): 
 
 "Another of the early settlers was William Golden. He 
 emigrated to Cape May in or about 1691. He was an 
 Irishman, and espoused the cause of James against William 
 and Mary, and fought as an officer in the battle of the 
 Boyne, in 1690. As he soon after came to America, he was 
 most likely one of those stubborn Jacobite Catholics that 
 William, in his clemency, gave permission to flee the coun- 
 try, or abide the just indignation of the Protestant author- 
 ity for the part he took in said battle to promote its down- 
 fall. He, with Rem Garretson, located 1016 acres of land 
 at Egg Harbor, now Beesley's Point. He was one of the 
 justices of the court, and occupied other prominent stations. 
 He died about 171 5, leaving but few descendants, one of 
 whom, his great grandson. Rem. G. Golding, now past 
 eighty years old, lives near the first and original location, 
 
LIFE EAKI.V IX THE EIGHTEENTH CENTIUV. (i9 
 
 and has in his possession at the present time the sword with 
 which his ancestor fought, and the epaulette which he wore 
 at the battle of the Boyne." 
 
 As early as 1710 Goshen was known as a village, its name 
 being then applied to it. About this time Henry Stites pur- 
 chased the land about the point of Cape May, which was 
 known as Stites' Beach, until 1876, when it was called Sea 
 Grove, and later Cape May Point. In 1610 Colonel Daniel 
 Coxe was appointed judge, with jurisdiction in Cape May. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 DEVELOPMENT OF RELIGIOUS DENOMIXA i IONS. 
 
 The first Baptist church in Cape May was that estabUshed 
 at Cape May Court House in 17 12. Morgan Edwards, in 
 his sketch of Baptists in New Jersey, published in 1792, says 
 of the history of the Cape May church : 
 
 "For the origin of this church we must take a retrospect of 
 affairs to the year 1675, in which year a vessel, with emi- 
 grants, arrived in Delaware from England, who settled, some 
 at the Cape and some elsewhere ; among the first were two 
 Baptists, viz., George Taylor and Philip Hill. Taylor kept 
 a meeting in his house, and with his exhortations, reading 
 the Bible, expounding, etc., enlightened some in the article 
 of believers' baptisms. After his death, in 1702, Mr. Hill 
 continued the meeting to 1704, when he also died. Soon 
 after Mr. George Eaglesfield visited the Cape and made 
 more proselytes. These went to Philadelphia to receive 
 holy baptism, as appears in the association book. In 1688 
 Rev. Elias Keach paid a visit to these parts and ordained 
 one Aston (Ashton, I suppose) to be a deacon, who also ex- 
 horted. In the fall of 171 1 Rev. Thomas Griffiths (of Welsh- 
 tract) went to the Cape with a view to purchase land and 
 settle among the people for life; but. failing of his design, 
 he quitted them next spring, and recommended to them 
 Rev. Nathaniel Jenkins, who had just arrived in the country. 
 Mr. Jenkins came, and pleased the people, and June 24, 
 1 71 2, he and they were constituted a church by Rev. Timo- 
 thy Brooks, of Cohansey. and his elders, Dickison Sheppard 
 and Jeremiah Bacon. The names of the constituents fol- 
 low, viz. : Rev. Nathaniel^ Jenkins^ Arthur Cresse, Seth 
 Brooks, A6raham~Smith, William Seagrave, Jonathan 
 Swain, John Stillwell, Henry Stites. Benjamin Hand. 
 Richard Bonns. Ebenezer Swain. William Smith, John 
 Tavlor, Abraham Hand, Christopher Church, Charles 
 
1)K\'KI.()1'MK.\T OF KEI.l<4IorS DENOMINATIONS. 71 
 
 ^obison, Easter Jenkins, Rutli Dean, Lydia Shaw, 
 Elizabeth Hand, Jeruthy Hand, Hannah Wildair, Sarah 
 Hiscox, Ehzabeth Stilhvell, Ehzabeth Taylor, Hannah Tay- 
 lor, Hannah Stites, Margery Smith, Elothes Smith, Ruth 
 Swain. Mary Swain. Mary Cresse, Mary Osborn, Abagail 
 Buck, Ehzabeth Robison and Mary Jennings. Two years 
 -after the constitution this churcli joined the association. 
 
 "Remarkables. 
 
 "Cape May churcli may be deemed an original church, 
 having sprang from none other, but having originated in 
 the place where it exists. (2) It has now existed for eighty- 
 three years, and has increased from 37 to 63. (3) In 17 14 
 many of them died of a grievous sickness, which had well 
 ■nigh depopulated the settlement. (4) In 171 5 they built 
 their first meeting house, on land purchased from Isaac 
 Stratten, but his title being naught, they lost both house 
 and land." 
 
 "Rev. Nathaniel Jen kins * * * became their min- 
 ister at the constitution in 1712, and continued in the min- 
 istry to 1730, when he resigned and went to Cohansey. He 
 was a Welshman, born in Caerdicanshire March 25, 1678, 
 arrived in America 1710, and in 17 12 settled at the Cape. 
 He was a man of good parts and tolerable education, and 
 •quitted himself with honor in the loan office (where he was 
 a trustee), and also in the assembly (particularly in 1721), 
 when a bill was brought in to punish such as denied the 
 doctrine 'of the Trinity, the divinity of Christ, the inspiration 
 of Holy Scriptures, etc' In opposition to which Mr. Jenk- 
 ins stood up, and, with the warmth and accent of a Welshman 
 said: T believe the doctrines in question as firmly as the 
 promoters of that ill-designed bill, but will never consent to 
 oppose the opposers with law, or with any other weapon, 
 save that of argument, etc' Accordingly the bill was quash- 
 ed, to the great mortification of them who wanted to raise 
 "in New Jersey the sj)irit which so raged in New England." 
 He served in the Assembly from 1723 to 1733. Mr. Jenkins' 
 wife was Esther Jones, who bore him nine children, one of 
 Avhich wa^T^ev. Nathaniel Jenkins, 2d, his eldest son, who 
 'became his successor. The latter was born in Wales April 
 ni, 1710, and brought as an infant to America. He was 
 
72 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COT^NTY. 
 
 called to the ministry in 1744, ordained in 1747, when he 
 took on him care of the church, but he continued not long" 
 therein, but fell into the power of hurtful spirits, which 
 brought on fits and a premature dotage. He died in 1796. 
 He was succeeded by Rev. Samuel Heaton, who was pastor 
 from 1756 to 1760. 
 
 Rev. John Sutton was pastor from April i, 1764, to May 
 6, 1766. 
 
 Rev. Peter Peterson Vanhorn was pastor from April 7, 
 1770, to 1775. 
 
 Rev. David Smith, the next pastor, was a native of the 
 place; ordained pastor March, 1776; died Februray, 1784,. 
 aged 54. 
 
 Rev. Artis Seagrave was pastor from 1785 to 1788. 
 
 Rev. John Stanclifif was pastor from October, 1789, tO' 
 1802, when he died. 
 
 James Carman, who was born at Cape May in 1677, '^^^ 
 pastor of the Baptist church at Cranbury, N. J., and he was,, 
 no doubt, the son of Caleb Carman, who was justice of the 
 peace in 1685. 
 
 The Assembly of 1713 voted to tax the province ^1730 in 
 two instalments. Cape May's apportions were £54 and £25, 
 John Taylor and Major Jacob Spicer w^ere the assessors 
 and Ephraim Edwards collector. On the i6th of March, 
 this year, Richard Downs was commissioned to be a captain 
 of militia for the upper part of the county, and David Weles 
 made his lieutenant and Arthur Cresse ensign, while Hum- 
 phrey Hewes was commissioned six days earlier captain of 
 the militia for the lower end of the county, with Ephraim 
 Edwards as his lieutenant and Samuel Mathews ensign. 
 
 On March 17 John Townsend and Jacob Spicer were ap- 
 pointed judges, with Humphrey Hughes, Timothy Bran- 
 dreth, Joseph Weldon and John Page commissioners of the 
 pleas. 
 
 From old records at Trenton were gathered the following' 
 records of early marriages and their issues: 
 
 Justice John Townsend. June 6, 171 5. married Cornelius- 
 Schillingcr, Jr., and Mary Stiles. Witness: Cornelius Schil- 
 lingcr, Henry Stiles, Henry Stiles, Jr., Edmund_Shaw, John. 
 
DEVELOPMENT OF KELKilOUS DENOMINATIONS. 73 
 
 Taylor, Daniel Wiggins, John Willkiss, Richard Fortcskue, 
 Isaac Brooks, Jr., Benjamin Hand, Jr. 
 
 Isaac Strattron, Jr., married IMary Foster October 15, 
 
 1734- 
 
 Rev. Nathaniel Jenkins married George Taylor to Lydia 
 Shaw May 8, 1720. Issue: William, b. June 7, 1722; "eldest 
 daughter," b. Feb. 22, 1723-4; daughter, b. Jan. 24, 1726-7. 
 
 William Shaw married Lydia P arsoi i April 8, 1695, by 
 Jeremiah Cro\vell. in presence of Henry Stiles, Hannah 
 Stiles, Abram Smith and others. Issue: William, b. Aug. 
 24, 1697, d. Dec. 13, 1714; Richard, b. Oct. 29, 1699; Lydia, 
 b. Sept. 14, 1703; John, b. Feb. 4, 1705; Joshua, b. Mar. 26, 
 1707; Nathan, b. Dec. 23, 1710. 
 
 James Briggs and Margery Taylor, married by Justice 
 Thomas Hand March 22, 1713. Issue: Mary, b. Aug. 19, 
 1715; Elizabeth, b. July 3, 1717; Keziah, b. Aug. 30, 1719; 
 Martha, b. Aug. ip, 1721; Sarah, b. May 31, 1724. 
 
 Joseph Crowell married to Anne Egleff^cld by Jll^■tIce 
 John Townsend March 2, 1709. Issue: Mary, b. March 14, 
 171 1 ; Edward, b. June 7, 17 13: Joseph, b. Sept. 6, 1716. 
 
 Justice John Townsend. 1706-7, married Benjamin Hand 
 and Ann Chew. Issue: Isaac, b. Aug. 14, 1709; Pocianci, 
 b. Aug. 9. 171 1 ; Jacob, b. April 21. 1714. 
 
 Josiah Crowell married Mary Whelding, daughter of Jo- 
 seph Wlielding. December 17, 1708. 
 
 Richard Bass (?) married Elizabeth Duncan (?) May 11,. 
 1709, before Captain ]\Iathews and others. 
 
 Justices John Townsend, Humphrey Hughes, John Paige 
 and Joseph Whillden married Thomas Bancrofts and Eliz- 
 abeth Matthews April 6, 17m. in the presence of Richard 
 Downes, John Taylor, Joliii Buck. John Hughes, Mary 
 Matthews, John Cresse. Zelophead Hand, William Seagrave. 
 
 John Taylor and Lydia Schiilux were married October 14,. 
 
 1722, by Rev. Nathaniel Jenkins. Issue: Mary, d. Aug. 5,. 
 
 1723. Lydia. his wife, died November, 1725, and John mar- 
 ries "againe" to Deborah Gavinson, by Rev. N. Jct.kins,. 
 May 8, 1726. 
 
 John Taylor, son of George Taylor, married Elizabeth 
 Bolsher, of Boston, April 5, 1697, "after the maner of ye 
 Church of England." Witnesses: George Taylor, justice; 
 
'74 IITSTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Elizabeth Taylor, Jno. Worlidge, Tim Brandreth, clerk. Is- 
 sue: Maij^ciy, b. Aug. i6, 1698; George, b. Dec. 11, 1699; 
 John, b. June 14, 1704; Mary, b. April 25, 1707, d. Oct. II, 
 171 1 ; Samuel, b. March 27, 1710, d. Oct. 1 1. 171 1 ; Jeremiah, 
 b. Aug. 14, 1713, d. Dec. 22, 1713. 
 
 Children of John ( )sbornes: y\biah, b. Sept. 9, 1692; Rutl\, 
 b. Feb. 20, \fv)S>; I'ezabeel, b. Jan. 21, 1704; Nathan, b. 
 Feb. 2, 1706; Ananias, 1). h'eb. 5, 1708. 
 
 Children of Joseph Hints: Thomas, b. Aug. 31, 1707; 
 Mary, b. Dec. 18, 1708; Hester, b. Feb. 4, 1711; Anne, b. 
 Oct. 10, 1712; Joseph, b. Jan. 26, 1715. 
 
 Robert Champion and Mary Mayps married at Cape May 
 June 17, 1715, by "Jo^""^ Townsend, one of his Majesty's Jus- 
 tices of the Peace." 
 
 John Willits and Martha Corson married by Justice John 
 Townsend October 5, 1716. 
 
 William, son of William Seagreaves, born October 14, 
 1716. 
 
 Thomas Leaming, in his manuscript, tells us of the severe 
 epidemic which visited Cape May Court House in the win- 
 ter of 1 713- 14. Some forty and more residents died. He 
 says: 'The disease came on with a pain in the side, breast, 
 and .sometimes in the back, navel, tooth, eye, hand, feet, legs 
 or ear." Among the victims were Nicholas Stillwell, Arthur 
 Cresse, Sr., and Jr., Reuben Swain, Richard Smith, Samuel 
 Garretson, Cornelius Hand, Joseph Hewit, William Shaw% 
 John Reeves, Richard Fortesque, John Stillwell, James Gar- 
 retson, Return Hand, John Foreman, Jedediah Hughes, 
 John Matthews, Daniel Wells and over twenty others. It 
 can scarcely be conjectured from the above recital of symp- 
 toms what the true character of the disease could have been. 
 It was a severe retribution in a population of some two or 
 three hundred, and Providence alone, who saw proper to 
 afflict, can solve the mystery. 
 
 The second oldest church established in this county was 
 by the Presbyterians at Cold Spring in 1714. 
 
 The first Presbytery organized in this county was that of 
 Philadelphia in 1705. The Cold Spring church was an out- 
 growth of this body. The first minister was the Rev. John 
 Bradner, who was licensed by Messrs. Davis, Hampton and 
 
DEVIM.OI'MK.NT OF KKLKJIOIS DKNO.MI X ATK »NS. 75 
 
 Henry in 1714. Mr. P>ra<lner, wlio lived on liis own estate 
 .and gave Iiis name to the little stream near the church, was a 
 .Scotchman, who remained as pastor until 1721. 
 
 The first church was a small log building, erected in 1718. 
 
 A writer says of the meeting houses of those davs: 
 
 "The plain meeting house was in harmony with the way 
 'Of worship which they had chosen. If tlie pulpits were high, 
 it was because the ministers were expected to stand far above 
 the people, and to be shining examples of Protestant princi- 
 ples. They would have been afraid of low pulpits, lest they 
 might tend toward popery and the service of the mass. 
 
 "Again, the meeting house was never lighted except by 
 the sun. until singing schools made it necessary to intro- 
 duce candles. Night meetings in the meeting house were 
 ■considered quite improper, and the Presbyterian would have 
 thought candles too suggestive of the superstitions of the 
 Church of Rome. There were no fireplaces, or stoves, or 
 other means of warming those old meeting houses for many 
 years after the colony was planted. The people were exem- 
 plary in their attendance on worship, and they went regularly 
 to the religious services. It was the spirit of that age. The 
 Lord's day began at sunset on Saturday. 
 
 "The early ministers regarded the Sabbath as a time for 
 the public worship of God and for religious instruction. 
 The people came together at 9 o'clock for the morning ser- 
 Ance. In early times they were summoned by the beat of the 
 'drum. Sometimes the voice of the town crier, or the blowing 
 of a conch shell, or of a horn, served instead of the drum. 
 The old meeting houses were crowded, for the people were 
 anxious to attend the services on the Sabbath. Inside the 
 doors the most conspicuous object was the pulpit, with the 
 things that belonged to it. In front of the pulpit, on a low 
 ■platform, sat the deacons, facing the congregation. On a 
 platform a little higher than the deacons sat the ruling elders. 
 Above them in the pulpit itself sat the two ministers. This 
 array of dignitaries, some of them, at least, in robes of office, 
 looked down upon the congregation, and was looked up to 
 "by the people. The pastor began with a solemn prayer, con- 
 tinuing about a quarter of an hour. After this the teacher 
 Tread and expounded a chapter in the Bible. This exposition 
 
7(5 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 of the chapter was one of the leading parts of the service^ 
 Then a Psahn was sung by the congregation. No instru- 
 mental music was allowed in the Puritan churches, partly^ 
 because such music was very prominent in the services of the- 
 prelatical churches, and partly because it was believed to be- 
 contrary to the word of God. After the Psalm came the ser- 
 mon by the pastor, and this was the great feature of the ser- 
 vice. Its length was measured by the hour glass, which 
 commonly stood on the pulpit. The minister turned the 
 glass when he began to preach, and he w'as expected, on or- 
 dinary occasions, to draw his discourse to a close when the 
 last sands were running out from the ;4lass. Yet there were 
 intances when the glass was turned two or three times. 
 
 "Although they were carefully prepared, the sermons of.' 
 the early ministers were not as in this day, written. The ser- 
 mon being finished, the teacher made a short prayer, ancf: 
 another Psalm was sung. Then baptism was administered! 
 to children who were presented by their Christian parents.. 
 Once a month the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper was ad- 
 ministered, in connection with the morning services. The 
 people were then dismissed with the benediction." 
 
 Among the first settlers of Cape May were many Qua- 
 kers, notably the Townsends, Corsons, Leamings and Spi- 
 cers. In 1716 a meeting house was built by that denomina- 
 tion at Seaville. The principal contributors to the building 
 fund were John Townsend and his son, Richard ; Peter Cor- 
 son and Aaron Learning, of Cape May county, and Johm 
 Somers and one Scull, of Gloucester (now Atlantic) county. 
 Meetings are held quarterly in this ancient structure, Friends, 
 coming usually from Salem county to conduct the services^. 
 It is known among the Friends by the name of the "Old- 
 Cedar Meeting House."' 
 
 The following extracts are taken from a Friend's history . 
 of the meeting houses of that time: 
 
 "Great Egg Harbor. 
 
 " ? — A monthly meeting hath been held there for some- 
 years, composed of the Friends who live there and those of 
 Cape May; they belong to Salem and Gloucester Quarterly 
 Meeting." 
 
 "On the divis of Haddonfield Ouarter from that of Salem,. 
 
DKVKLOP.MENT OF IIELIGIOTS 1 >i:.\()MI .NATIONS. 77 
 
 -"Great Egg Harbor and Cape May monthly meetings was 
 •embraced in Haddonfield. The monthly meeting was dis- 
 continued in ? 
 
 "Great Egg Harbor. 
 
 "1702 — The first convincement of Friends about Great 
 ^gg Harbor was about the year 1702, since which meetings 
 have been settled there and two meeting houses built." 
 
 It is probable that one of the houses referred to was that 
 at Cape May. The meeting at Great Egg Harbor has been 
 discontinued and the few remaining members attached to 
 Greenwich. 
 
 "Cape May. 
 
 "The meeting at Cape ]\Iay was established early, and 
 then formed a part of Great Egg Harbor monthly meeting." 
 
 The introduction to the Great Egg Harbor and Cape May 
 monthly meetings says: "Several Friends of Great Egg 
 Flarbor and Cape May having for some time been under 
 considerable inconvenience for want of a monthly meeting 
 of men and women being erected amongst them for the 
 ■well managing of the afifairs of the church in the good and 
 whole some Discipline, have endeavored in an expostulatory 
 letter directed to the Quarterly Aleeting of Gloucester and 
 Salem to set forth the same to said meeting's consideration. 
 (Which was done i6th of 7th month, 1726.) Granted that it 
 should begin and be held on the first Second-day in each 
 month, that is to say, to begin at Richard Somers', on Great 
 Egg Harbour side, in the ninth month next, and in the tenth 
 month at Elizabeth Garretson's, on Cape May side, and so 
 on interchangeable until Friends there shall see cause to 
 make any alteration for their own conveniency. 
 
 "Pursuant to which conclusion the Friends of Great Egg 
 Harbor and Cape May met at Richard Somers' the 7th day 
 of the ninth mo., 1726, and proceeded to the business of the 
 meeting. 
 
 "At s'd meeting Richard Townsend was chosen clarke of 
 s'd monthly meeting. 
 
 "At s'd meeting Peter White and Jonathan Adams was 
 appointed overseers of the meeting held at Japhet Leeds's, 
 Peter White's and John Scull's. And for the meeting held 
 rat Cape May Ri«hard Townsend is appointed overseer. 
 
78 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 "At our monthly meeting for Cape and Egg Harbour this 
 5th day of the loth mo., 1726. 
 
 "At s'd meeting Richard Somers and Judeth Letart Pub- 
 hshed their intentions of marriage with each other, etc." 
 
 These minutes were kept up until 1843. 
 
 Samuel Smith says: "The first convincement of Friends"- 
 about Great Egg Harbor was about 1702, since which meet- 
 ings have been settled and meeting houses built." 
 
 "For many years there seemed to be a great openness on. 
 the part of the inhabitants to receive the doctrines of Friends^ 
 and a number of Friends settling along the shore at vari- 
 ous places, several meetings were established, viz.: Egg 
 Harbor. Galloway, Tuckahoe and Cape May. These formed 
 Great Egg Harbor monthly meeting. Friends having died 
 and others removed, none were left to sustain the meetings^ 
 and they have all been laid down or abandoned, and the 
 properties sold or devoted to other uses, with a single ex- 
 ception, that of Cape May, near Seaville. in that county. The • 
 meeting was established soon after 1700, and the meeting 
 house built in 171 6, by the Townsends, Learnings and others- 
 It was rebuilt some years ago on a much smaller scale than 
 formerly, and is still kept in repair, but, like the others men- 
 tioned, it has no congregation. The old burial ground is 
 still kept up." 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 JIAinTIME TENDENCIES AND CATTLE OVVMNU. 
 
 "On May 6. 1715," says Aaron Learning, 2d, "the Cold' 
 Springy mill was first set to work." Here grist was ground. 
 
 Tlie old countv road from Long Bridge to the head of 
 Tuckahoe, and from thence to ( Gloucester Point, was made 
 in 1716. 
 
 The AssembI}- of this year, of which Colonel Daniel Coxe ■ 
 was Speaker, made Christopher Hughes a captain of militia 
 under Lieutenant Jacob Spiccr, with Ezckiel Eldrigg (prob- 
 ably Eldridge) and John Cresy ensigns, and Sannicl Eldridg 
 lieutenant. An act was also passed during the session to 
 prevent the firing" the woods between I'^bruary 14 and 
 April 14, under a penalty of forty shillings. 
 
 Spicer was not, it is said, an habitual attendant upon the 
 sessions of the Assembly, and there are records to prove 
 that his attendance was often forced. In 1716 the officers of 
 the colony were sent after him to compel his attendance, 
 and Spicer, avoiding them, he was expelleil and a new elec- 
 tion ordered. This, however, did no good, because the peo- 
 ple immediately returned Spicer as Assemblyman. 
 
 At the council of the president and councillors of the 
 province, held on March 30 and 31, 1716, at which were 
 present Colonel Daniel Coxe, president, and Messrs. George 
 Deacon, John Humphries, John Wills and Ricliard Bull, 
 the "following surveys, with others, were inspected and ap- 
 proved by the Council of Propri'es and ordered to be recor- 
 derd:" Daniel Cox and Jacob Spicer, 3933 acres; do.. 100 
 acres; do., 500 acres; do., 50 acres. 
 
 In 1719 Jeremiah Bass began his services as a member 
 of the Assembly for Cape May, and sen/ed imtil 1723. He 
 figured as as attorney at Salem from 1710 to 1716, but 
 whether he was the same Jeremiah Basse who was an Ana- 
 baptist minister, agent for the West Jersey Society for Cape 
 
80 HISTORY OF (^\PE MAY COT'NTY. 
 
 May in 1694 and 1695, when he resided at Cohansey, and at 
 Burlington, deputy governor of West Jersey 1698, and de- 
 parted for England in 1699 or 1702, is not known. The for- 
 mer may have been a son of the latter, and probably was. 
 
 Whitehead says: "Jeremiah Basse was appointed governor 
 of New Jersey July 15, 1697, for one year, and assumed 
 the office April 7, 1698, and retained it until superseded 
 by Governor Andrew Hamilton (whom he had succeeded), 
 in December, 1699, returning to England before that time. 
 He returned in 1703 as secretary of the province, under Lord 
 Cornbury, by whom he was given various offices. In 1716 
 he was elected to the Assembly from Cape May, where he 
 then resided. In 17 19 he was Attorney-General of the prov- 
 ince. He died in 1725, his will being proved August 9, in 
 that year." 
 
 In the session of 1 718-19 of the Assembly Colonel Jacob 
 Spiccr was appointed to collect two instalments of colony 
 tax, amounting to £42 8s. and ii'j 6s., and Spicer was also 
 to administer oaths to Isaac Sharp, appointed colonel of the 
 Salem and Cape May regiment, and to John Ralph, who 
 was made major. 
 
 Eaily in the development of Cape May the attention of the 
 inhabitants was turned to the cultivation of the oyster, and 
 the attention of the early legislators was turned toward the 
 preservation of this industry. The first protective measure 
 on record is that of March 27, 1719. which sets out in its 
 preamble that oyster beds are "wasted and destroyed by 
 strangers and others at unseasonable times of the year, the 
 preservation of which will tend to great benefit of the poor 
 people and others inhabiting this province." It was enacted, 
 therefore, that no person should rake or gather up the oys- 
 ter or shells from May 10 to September i, that non-residents 
 could not gather them up at any time to take away with 
 them, under a penalty of forfeiting their vessels and, equip- 
 ments. Appointments were made to execute the provisions 
 of the law, to inspect oyster boats and seize any which might 
 be under suspicion. Jacob Spicer and Aaron Leaming were 
 appointed the commissioners for Cape May, while for Glou- 
 cester (Atlantic) county Richard Summers and James Steel- 
 man were named. The fees of the commissioners were half 
 
MAKITIMK TEXDENXIES AND CATTLK o\\MN(;. 81 
 
 ■ of the forfeitures, while the other haU' went to the colony. 
 In 1723 Richard M. West, one of the councillors appointed 
 by the Crown for the colony, reporting to the Lords of 
 Trade in England, complained of this act, protesting that it 
 ■acted against non-residents, claiming that the non-residents 
 had as much right, inasmuch as the beds were not located, 
 as the Jerseymen to take the oysters. The law, however, 
 was not interfered with. 
 
 Old newspapers contain these accounts of wrecks on the 
 coast : 
 
 "Boston News-Letter," September 17-24, 1724, says: 
 "Boston, Sept. 23. — We have advice from Cape May, by 
 way of Philadelphia, the loth instant, that there was a sloop 
 drove ashore as a wreck, her hands having left her at sea, 
 and was got safe in at Lewis Town. She was commanded 
 by Captain Thomas Moussel, from Boston, loaden with 
 rhum and molasses. The sloop is since got of¥ and is at 
 Cape May." 
 
 'The New York Gazette," July 30, 1733, said: "Philadel- 
 phia, July 26. — We hear from Cape May that last week the 
 Bodies of three Men drove ashore there, one of them had 
 good Cloaths on, Gold Buttons in his Shirt sleeves, two 
 Gold Rings on his Finger, a Watch and some pieces of Gold 
 in his Pocket, and Silver Buckles on his Shoes, but was shot 
 thro' the Head, the other two had their Heads cut off. 
 About the same time a small sloop drove on shore about 15 
 Miles to the Northward of the Cape, but it is not known 
 who she or the Men are. We also hear that a Brigantine 
 sailed up our Bay as far as Bombay Hook, then tacked about 
 and stood to Sea. Some think it was the Brigantine bound 
 from Bristol with a number of Convicts, and that they have 
 mutinied, and Murdered the Master and Men. We expect 
 a more particular Account of this barbarous Murder in a 
 iew days." 
 
 'The Pennsylvania Gazette," July 28, 1743, says: 
 
 "Philadelphia. — We hear from Cape May that a ship 
 bound into Virginia from Aberdeen, — Stuart. Master, came 
 ashore there last Friday morning just before day. 'Tis un- 
 'Certain whether she can be got ofif, or not." 
 
 "New York Weekly Post Boy," January 9, 1744: "Phil- 
 
82 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 adelphia, December 29. — We hear from Cape May that on. 
 Friday, the i6th Instant, in the Evening", the Seneca, Capt. 
 Wasbrough, from Bristol, bound to this Port, was drove 
 ashore to the Northward of the Cape, bilged and filled with 
 Water, but the People were all saved. She had been out 14. 
 
 Weeks." 
 
 The following reports of arrivals and clearances of Cape 
 May vessels and vessels bound to and from Cape May are 
 given from early newspapers: 
 
 "The Xcw England Courant," of November 6-13, 1725,. 
 says: 
 
 "Custom House. Boston. — Cleared Out — Freeman, for 
 Cape May." 
 
 "New England Weekly Journal," October 16. 1727, says: 
 
 "Custom House, Philadelphia, Octob. 5. Cleared Out, 
 Tarresan for Cape May." 
 
 "New England Weekly Journal," April 17, 1727, says: 
 
 "Custom House, Philadelphia, April 6. Cleared out Hen- 
 ry Stiles for Cape May." 
 
 "Boston Gazette, April 24, mentions same clearance. 
 
 "American Weekly Mercury," of October 9 to 16, 1729, 
 says : 
 
 "Perth Amboy, October the 14th. 1729. Cleared for De- 
 parture. '■'" * '-^^ Sloop Jane and Mary. Samuel Sears, 
 for Ca])e May." 
 
 "The New England Weekly Journal." November 22, 1731^ 
 says : 
 
 "Entries at the Port of Philadelphia. Nov. 11. Outward 
 Bound, Butler for Cape May." 
 
 "The Boston News-Letter," July 1-8, 1731. says: 
 
 "Boston, July 7. Outward Bound, John Townsend for 
 Cape May."' 
 
 "Boston News-Letter," June 8-15, 1732. says: 
 
 "Cleared Out Jos. Worth, for Cape May," from "Boston 
 Post," June 14. 
 
 "Boston News-Letter," September 7-14. 1732. says: 
 
 "Philadelphia, Sept. 7. Intred Inwards, Clymer from 
 Cape May." 
 
 "New England Weekly Journal," April 2, 1733, says: 
 
MAurriMi': ikxhenciks and cattle on\mng. ss 
 
 "Custom House, Philadelphia. March 6 to 13. Entred In. 
 White from Cape May." 
 
 "New England Weekly Journal." April 16, 1733. says: 
 
 "Custom House, Boston. April 14. Entred Inwards, Jo- 
 seph Worth for Cape May." 
 
 "Weekly Rehearsal." August 11, 1735, says. 
 
 "Custom House, Boston. Aug. 9. Entred inwards, Whill- 
 der from Cape May." 
 
 "The New England Weekly Journal." August 19, 1735^ 
 says: 
 
 "Custom House Boston Aug. 18. cleared out, Wildow 
 
 for Cape May." 
 
 •'Boston Weekly Post Boy." July 30. 1744: 
 
 "Newport. Rhode Island. July 27. Cleared Out, Davis 
 for Perth Amboy. Stephens for Cape May." 
 
 Before the eighteenth century began Cape May's early 
 pioneers, who had come from Long Island. New Haven and 
 other places, began to own cattle, which they pastured in 
 almost every part of the county. From 1690 to 1730 a large 
 number of the brands used on the cattle were known as 
 "earemarks." because these red-hot brands were socked into 
 the flesh near some part of the ear. and the marks were used 
 as identifications to show ownership of the stock. Those 
 who owned cattle were probably the well-to-do part of the 
 community. These marks were not confined to cattle alone^ 
 but stamped upon horses, sheep, swine and lambs. In. 
 "Liber A. of Deeds and Miscellaneous Records." at the 
 county clerk's office can be found a large number recorded. 
 A sample of the records given shows the quaint manner of 
 recording them: 
 
 "Joseph Ludlon his Eare Marke and El under the Left 
 Eare. Recorded this 13 Day of March 1696-7. Now the 
 mark of his Son Anthony Ludlam." 
 
 "John Townsend's Eare Marke a Smalle forke on ye 
 Right Eare and a half penny under ye Lefte. Recorded ye 
 20 of February 1694-5. Now the mark of Richard Town- 
 send. Jr." 
 
 The following are the years and the names of those whO' 
 
84 HISTOllY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 had ear marks recorded during the period, whose names are 
 given to show the families then hving in the county: 
 
 1691-2. — Henry Stites, Esaroh Stites. 
 
 1693. — ^James Cressie, George Taylor, Joseph Hondoin, 
 John Taylor. Shamgar Hand, Constant Hughes, Jr., Joseph 
 Houldoin, Jr., Caleb Curwithy, Samuel Johnson, Joseph 
 Whilden, Isaac Whilden, Oliver Johnson, William Seagrave, 
 John Parsons, \yilliam Shaw, Jonathan Foreman, William 
 Johnson, Jonathan Richardson, Benjamin Richardson. 
 
 1694. — Robert Cressey, Timothy Brandreth, Samuel 
 Crowell, Barnabas Crowell, Benjamin Land, Isaac Hand, 
 Lubbart Gisborsen, Samuel Richardson, Caesar Hoskins, 
 John Cresse, Jr., John Stillwell, William Simpkins, Thomas 
 Goodwin, Peter Coston, Jonathan Carman, Samuel El- 
 dridge, Thomas Gandy, Jonathan Osborn, Jos. Badcock, 
 Daniel Johnson, Nathaniel Hand, Ezekiel Hand, William 
 Smith, Joshua Carman, Thomas Langley, Jacob Dayton, 
 Capt. Downs. 
 
 1694-5. — Nathaniel Shute, Cornelius Skelinger, John 
 Townsend, Richard Townsend, Jr., William Jacox, Randall 
 Huit. 
 
 1696. — George Booth, Edward Lumus, Joseph Ludlam, 
 Abraham Hand, John Hand, Thomas Leaming, John Jervis, 
 Thomas Hand, Daniel Hand, George Hand, Jeremiah 
 Hand, Edward Foster, Jacob Crowell, Samuel Croell, Jr., 
 Humphrey Hughes, Jr., Thomas Mathews, Lewis Mulford, 
 Elijah Hughes, Jacob Spicer, Joseph Hand, Eliu Swain. 
 
 1696-7. — Randall Huit, Col. Spicer, Joseph Ludlow. 
 
 1703. — Richard Townsend. 
 
 1704.- — John Crofford, George Crofford. 
 
 1706. — Ezekiel Eldridge, Robert Pereman, John Buck, 
 Aaron Leaming, Richard Stites, Abigail Stites, Samuel 
 Johnson, "formerly George Booth, who left the county;" 
 Ebenezer Johnson, Abraham Bauer, Richard Swaine, Jona- 
 than Swaine, Thomas Hand, Jr., Cornelius Hand, Jeremiah 
 Hughes, Jeremiah Leaming, John Taylor, Nathaniel Short, 
 Joshua Shaw. 
 
 i7o^!^^-John Crandall. Shamgar Hand, Jr., Henry Young, 
 Benjamin Stites, Jonathan Stites, Ebenezer Swaine, Silas 
 Swaine, William Matthews, Constant Hughes. 
 
MARITmi-: TENDENCIES AND CATTLE OW'NINU. 85 
 
 1708. — Josiah Crowell, Samuel Crowoll, Robert Town- 
 send, Zelopead Hand and son, Nathaniel. 
 
 1709. — Benjamin Hand, John Garlick, John Cresse and 
 his son, Robert; Aaron Leonard, Aaron Learning-, Jr. 
 
 17 10. — Moses Cressy, Richard Fortescne, Henry Stevens, 
 Isaac Shutton, John Goafe. 
 
 171 1. — Charles Robinson, Joshua Garlick, Ebenezer Nu- 
 ton. Joseph Whilden, Senr., James Whelden, Peter Hand, 
 Christopher Church. 
 
 1712. — Benjamin Holden, Henry Stephens, Jonathan 
 Foreman, David Cresse, Lewis Cresse. 
 
 1 71 3. — Jeremiah Church, Samuel Eldridge. 
 
 1 714. — Nathaniel Hand, James Brigs. 
 
 171 5. — Thomas Bancroft, Benjamin Crofford, Ezekiel 
 Mulford, Samuel Swaine, John Willis. 
 
 1716. — William Robinson, William Mulford, Nathaniel 
 Norton, Daniel Norton. 
 
 1717. — John Hand, William Nickkolls. 
 
 1718. — ^Thomas Langley, Ricliard^Jiaw, John Taylor. Jr. 
 
 1720. — Nathaniel Foster, Nathaniel Rosco, Joshua Crof- 
 ford, Andrew Godfrey. 
 
 1721. — Zebulon Swaine, Charles Barnes, Thomas Learn- 
 ing, John Cresse, Jr., "formerly Caesar Hoskins, who de- 
 serted the countv;" John Stillwell, Samuel Richardson, John 
 Hand. 
 
 1722. — Benjamin Johnson, Samuel Bancroft, William 
 Smith and son. Richard; David Hildreth, Josiah Hildreth, 
 Thos. Leaming and his son, Christopher; Cornelius Schil- 
 liux, Jr., Nathaniel Rosco, James Hawthorne. 
 
 1723. — John Smith, Zebulon Swaine, James Swaine, Wm. 
 Mathews. 
 
 1724. — John Tomson. 
 
 1725. — Wm. Doublcdav, Epb.raim Edwards. John Cran- 
 dell. 
 
 1726. — Anthony Ludlam, Providence Ludlam, William 
 Nickols, Samuel Foster, Peter Paige, William Eldridge. 
 
 1727. — Cornelius Hand. 
 
 1730. — John Garlock, Thomas Stonebank. 
 
 1731. — Isaac Ludlam. Hezekiah Schull, Samuel Mathews, 
 Jas. Jacocks, "formerly Jon. Swain, he leaving the county;" 
 
Sa HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 James Edwards. Dan'l Norton. Moses Cresse. Ebenezer 
 Norton, Caleb Norton. 
 
 1732. — Joshua_Sha\v. John Shaw^ 
 
 1734. — Nathan Osborn, Deborah Golden. 
 
 Among the commissions made out at Fort George, New 
 York, in 1721, were one of August 3. 1 721. to Aaron Leamy- 
 ing to be clerk of peace and of court, and those of Octo- 
 ber 2, to Jacob Spicer, Thomas Leming and Aaron Lem- 
 ing, to administer civil and military oaths, and to Richard 
 Downs to be high sheriff. The next year the commission 
 of the peace was composed of Jacob Spicer. Humphrey 
 Hughs, Joseph "V^'hilding, John Hand, Robert Townsend, 
 William Smith. John Parsons. Christopher Church and Hen- 
 ry Young. On September 11. that year, John Ralfe was 
 made deputy surrogate for the counties of Cape IMay and 
 Salem. During the same year Cape May county was re- 
 quired to pay colony tax amounting to £76 19s. 8p., and 
 Richard Downs was appointed to collect it. 
 
 At various times during the early part of the eighteenth 
 century the Spanish were at variance with England, and 
 Spain was trying to secure some trade froin the American 
 colonies, and preyed upon English merchantmen. Early 
 Cape May men saw some of these privateers, and the fol- 
 lowing newspaper reports of those times are here given : 
 
 The "Boston News-Letter," of from Monday, January 7, 
 to Monday, January 14. 1712, says in its "Boston Notes:" 
 
 "By a certain Person come hither from Cape May in the 
 Province of Jersey, we are inform'd, that on the i6th of No- 
 vember Last about 3 leagues off that Cape he was taken in 
 the Sloop Betty of St. Christophers Walter Scot, Commander, 
 bound from Jamaica to New- York, by a Martinico Privateer 
 Sloop of 8 Guns 130 men. Scot had on board when he was 
 taken 38 Hogsheads of Rum. and 48 Negroes. The Priva- 
 teer sent his Prize to Martinico, with Some of her men, 
 enough to condemn her. the rest he put on shore the next 
 day at Cape May." 
 
 The "New England Courant." of Boston, from July 30 to 
 August 6. 1722, says: 
 
 "Philadelphia. July 26. On Sunday the 22d arrived a 
 small Sloop, Jonathan Swain Master, from Cape May. by 
 
MAKITI.ME TEiXDE\(;iES AND CATTLE OWNINMJ. 87 
 
 -whom we have Advice, That a Pvrate Brigantine and Sloop 
 have been cruising on and off l)()th our Capes for above 
 Three Weeks. They several Times sailed up the Bay Ten 
 or Twelve Leagues; and on the 8th Instant brought a large 
 Sloop down with them, which they took up high in the Bay. 
 That Night they anchored in the Bay about a League and 
 Half off the Shore, beat Drums all Night and seemed to be 
 very full of Men. What Vessels they have took we do not 
 yet understand, none of the Prisoners being set on Shore. 
 Our Trade is entirely stopped by them, no Vessel daring to 
 go out and all took that offer to come in. They were both 
 seen on Thursday last cruising about their old Station, not 
 fearing disturbance from the Men of War, who, by dear Ex- 
 perience we know, love Trading better than Fighting. No 
 Vessel has arrived here for a Week; except Hargrave in the 
 Sloop Little Joseph, who sailed from hence about two 
 months ago for the Island of St. Christophers, but was taken 
 by the Pyrates three Times and rifled of most of her Cargo, 
 so that she was obliged to return back." 
 
 "The Boston Evening Post," of August ii, 1740, says: 
 
 "New- York, August 4. Captain Janney, off of Cape May, 
 saw a black Sloop (supposed to be a Spanish Privateer, and 
 the same as mentioned in our last) laying to under her 
 Foresail, but on seeing Janncey, she up with her Mainsail 
 and made up to him, but a ship appearing she left Janncey, 
 who saw her come up to the Ship, but missing Stays, the 
 Ship got away, when the Sloop went after her again, but 
 missing Stays a second time, the Ship who was under dou- 
 ble Reeft Sails, let them out and got clear of the Sloop." 
 
 "The Boston ('azette or Weekly Journal," of September 
 29, 1747, says: 
 
 "Philadelphia, September 17. Monday morning last ar- 
 rived here an express Boat from Lewis, the Advice that they 
 had been under Arms there for three Days, on account of 
 two Spanish Privateer Sloops being at the Capes, one of ten 
 the other of Eight Guns: That they had taken the Ship Del- 
 aware, Cap. Sake of this Place, outward bound, one (un- 
 known) bound in, and were in Chase of a Third; they had 
 also taken three of our Pilots. lUit a Pilot Boat has come up 
 
88 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COU^.TY. 
 
 since from Cape-May, who saw nor heard nothing of them: ' 
 so that tis thought they are gone off w'ith their Prizes." 
 "The New York Evening Post," July 20, 1747, says: 
 
 "Philadelphia . Yesterday came up to Town, one of 
 
 our Pilot Boats with 4 men lately belonging to a Sloop 
 bound from \'irginia to New-York, Constantine Hughes,, 
 IVIaster, which was drove on Shore on Monday last on Cape- 
 May, by a Spanish Privateer Sloop, which Sloop had taken' 
 a few Days before, 2 of our Pilot-Boats, one of which they 
 mann'd with 30 Hands & sent up our Bay, above Bomb- 
 Bay-Hook, where they landed on Sunday last, and to the 
 Plantation of Mr. Edmond Liston, and took away 4 Negroes^, 
 and every thing else that they tho't they wanted to the Value 
 of about 200I. from whence they went to another Planta- 
 tion and took a Negro, but the People shutting the Door 
 upon them they fir'd at them and shot a Woman thro' the 
 Thigh, and in the Evening they went down the Bay again, 
 where meeting with another of our Pilot-Boats, they stripped 
 her of the Sails &c. and on Tuesday Morning she was seen 
 going out of the Capes to look for the Privateer Sloop, 
 having one of our Pilots on board, and they told the last 
 Pilot they took, that they had taken 13 Vessels on our Coast, 
 four of which they sent home, and sunk and burnt the rest." 
 "Boston Gazette or Weekly Journal." of July 21, 1747, 
 says, in speaking of a privateersman's acts: 
 
 "Soon after they fell in with a poor Cape-May man, laden- 
 with Shingles, which they took, and gave to 25 of the Pris- 
 oners, with scarce any Provisions on board." 
 
 The "New^ York Evening Post," of August 10, 1747, says: 
 "New- York, August 3. Last Saturday arrived here Capt. 
 Hughes from Virginia: who informs: that on the 13th of 
 July being off Cape-May, he was chased by a small French 
 Privateer Schooner, so near the Land, that he was forced 
 to run her ashore and quit her, the Privateer came along 
 Side of the Sloop, broke open the Hatches, and began to 
 throw some of her Cargo over board, and by that means got 
 off, next morning Capt. Huges came down and saw her un- 
 der s&il, soon after another A'essel hove in sight, they all left 
 the Sloop to go after the other, he seeing this got a smalt. 
 
MARITniE TEXDEXCIES AND CATTLE OWNINf}. 
 
 89 
 
 Craft with some men besides his CompHment, went on board 
 
 hoisted Sail, and is safe arrived." 
 
 The "Boston Weekly Post Boy," of July 4, 1748, says: 
 "Philadelphia, June 23. On Friday night came to To%vn, 
 
 Capt. Wm. Clymer. jun. bound in here from S. Carolina, but 
 
 was chased in near Cape May by a Sloop on Wednesday 'last, 
 
 upon which he quitted his Vessel, and went ashore with his 
 
 Men in the Boat." 
 
 About the same time Don Joseph Hautenoan, a Spanish 
 
 pnvateersman. took four vessels off Cape May. 
 
CHAPTER VII. ' 
 
 AXCIEXT LOANS AND TAXES. 
 The accounts of the treasurer of West Jersey from Septem- 
 her, 1720, to September, 1725, exhibit that Richard Downs, 
 -as collector, paid all the moneys from Cape May county 
 during these five years. During the years 1722 and '23, the 
 treasurer received £39 9s. od., of which Humphrey Hughes 
 received £16 15s. od. for his attendance as representative for 
 the county in the Assembly. In 1723 the tax received was 
 £^^ CIS. lo^d., of which, on March 16, Humphrey Hughes 
 was paid £22 los. od. and Jacob Spicer iio for their serviecs 
 as members. In 1724 two equal payments of £21 14s. od. 
 ■were received, and in 1725 £7,1 4s. 6d. The latter year the 
 treasurer paid "Mr." (probably Nathaniel) Jenkins and 
 Humphrey Hughes each £2^ 14s. od. for their services as 
 members of the Assembly. 
 
 On July 2, 1723, the first court, of which records were 
 preserved, was held in the Presbyterian meeting house at 
 'Cold Spring. 
 
 In 1723 bills of credit were issued by the province of New 
 Jersey to the amount of £40,000. Cape May's share in this 
 loan was £1115, and commissioners for this part of the fund 
 were Humphrey Hughes and the Rev. Nathanael Jenkins, 
 who were given an annual salary of £11. (In 1728 their sal- 
 aries were reduced to £4 los.) Cape May was required to 
 furnish for ten years an annual sum of £31 4s. 6d. to go tow- 
 ard a fund to sink the bills. From the manuscripts of Aaron 
 Learning, ist, and Aaron Leaming, 2d, the following facts 
 are found: About 1723 the State of New Jersey had her ob- 
 ligations indorsed by Great Britain and a large sum of mon- 
 ey obtained to loan on mortgage security in the diflferent 
 •counties of the State. Under this and subsequent acts three 
 .loans were made to Cape May county by the State, viz.: 
 First, £1115; second, 1731, £634; third, 1734, £1248. 
 
AXCIKNT LOANS AND TAXKS. 91 
 
 In 1753 these loans matured and the State ordered them 
 paid. Messrs. Hughes and Jenkins served as commission- 
 -ers of the loan office until 1737. In 1733 the Legislature 
 vested the power of selection of the commissioners in th-s- 
 justice of the peace of the county, and Henry Young and 
 Henry Stites were the first appointed by the freeholders and 
 justices to manage this loan, and continued until May 12, 
 1742. when they resigned, and the same day Aaron Learning, 
 1st. and Aaron Learning. 2d, father and son, were appointed 
 commissioners, and remained so until the death of Aaron 
 Learning, ist, in 1746, when Henry Young was chosen in 
 his place, and they remained commissioners until the loan 
 became due in 1753. The books remained in the commis- 
 sioners' hands until August 14, 1765. Jeremiah Learning, 
 who was a collector of taxes, assisted the other commis- 
 sioners in the performance of their dvities. In 1765 Aaron 
 Leaming, 2d. says: "The loans are all paid except some tri- 
 lling sums, and the mortgages canceled." 
 
 Mr. Leaming further states in his diary: 
 
 "June 20. 1765 — the Gen'l Assembly of X. J. passed a law 
 for removing the Books out of the hands of the respective 
 -commissioners of the Loan Office in the several counties 
 'Of this province, into the hands of the Clarks of the Peace 
 -of the counties, and as I hapepned to be one of Loan officers 
 ■for Cape May (Henry Young, Esq.. being the other). I 
 thought proper to take the following extracts from the said 
 'books before they passed out of my hands." These extracts 
 "have been woven into the preceding paragraphs of this book. 
 
 In the accounts of John Allen, treasurer of the province 
 from 1733 to 1 75 1, in the exhibits of the moneys received 
 from 1733 to 1736 for the support of the government are 
 ■:the following entries of receipts from Cape May county : 
 
 "Cape May, £97:19:06. 
 
 "Interest money reed acct £40,000 loan. Cape May, 
 £7:09:08. 
 
 "Interest money reed on acct £20,000, Cape May, £133:- 
 •^00 :o6. 
 
 "Interest monev rec'd on acct £40,000. Cape Mav. £53:- 
 08:00." ' J 
 
S2 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 1739. "To int. money from Cape May £24:16: — on accf. 
 i20,ooo, £43:8." 
 
 1740. "Int. money Cape May £73:13:6. Cape May^ 
 £160:4:—." 
 
 1743 and 1744. "Int. money from Cape May on £40,000* 
 & £20,000, £146:5:0." 
 
 1745, 1746 and 1747. "To int. money reed from Loan Off,. 
 Com, from Cape Alay, £182:6:6." 
 
 1748. "Int. on £20,000 & £40,000, Cape May £39:19:6,"' 
 and also, the same year, £28:5:6. 
 
 1750. "Int. money from Cape Ma} £32:4:0." 
 
 1751. "Int. money from £14:8:0." 
 
 In 1 75 1 Treasurer Allen paid Aaron Leaming £34:2:0 and 
 Jacob Spicer £7:4:0 for services, which are not stated. 
 
 The county of Cape May was divided into three town- 
 ships. Upper. Middle and Lower, April 2, 1723, of whichi 
 the official record says : 
 
 "At a court of the General Quarter Sessions of the Peace, 
 holden at the house of Robert Townsend, on the 2d day of" 
 April, 1723: 
 
 "Justices Present. — Jacob Spicer. (first), Humphrey 
 Hughes, Robert Townsend, John Hand, Henry Young,. 
 William Smith. 
 
 The county divided into precincts, excepting the Ce- 
 dar Swamp; the lower precincts being from John Tay- 
 lor's branch to the middle main branch of Fishing Creek, 
 and so down ye said branch and creek to the mouth thereof."" 
 
 "Middle precinct, to be from the aforesaid John Taylor's- 
 branch to Thomas Leaming's, and from thence to a creek 
 called Dennis Creek, and so down the said creek to the bay 
 shore, along the bay to Fishing Creek." 
 
 "The Upper precinct, to be the residue of the said county,, 
 excepting the Cedar Swamp, which is to be at the generafi 
 charge of the county." 
 
 In 1723 Aaron Teaming, ist. purchased of the English 
 owners Seven-Mile Beach, which had been first surveyed in 
 May, 1 72 1, and what was after that time known as Leam- 
 ing's Beach for about a century. He gave £606 for the same,, 
 amounting to about $2500 of present United States money.. 
 
AXCIKXT LOANS AM) TAXKS. 
 
 93 
 
 His deed for the property is liere oivcn in its full text, as 
 jollows : 
 
 "This Indenture made the Twenty forth Dav of December 
 m the nmth year of the Reign of George over' Great Britain 
 i^rance and Ireland Ivmg Defender of the l-'aith &c Between 
 •Charles Dockmmique John Bennet Edward Richier Robert 
 Mitche e Thomas Skinner and Joseph Brooksbank Gentle- 
 men all of the City of London in the Kingdom of Great 
 Bntam and other Proprietors of the Western Devition of 
 the Provmce of New Jarsey Commonly Called & known by 
 the name of the New Jarsey Society of the one part and 
 Aaron Leamnig of the County of Capmav & Providence of 
 New Jarsey yeoman of the other part witnesseth that for an 
 m the Consideration of the sum of six hundred & Six pounds 
 of the old Currency of the western Devition of the province 
 of New Jarsey or Seventy nine pounds & ten Shillings in 
 mony accordmg to our Late Queens Proclamation in hand 
 paid to Lewis Morris Esqr agent and Attorney for Charles 
 Dockmmique John Bennet Edward Rechter Robert Mit- 
 chele Thomas Skinner and Joseph Brooksbank the Precept 
 ;u-hereof IS hereby acknowledged and the said Aaron Leani- 
 mg his heirs executors & Administrators of the same and 
 of every part and parcell thereof is acquitted Released ex- 
 onerated and Discharged forever have Granted Bargained 
 Sold Released enfeoffed and Confeirmed and by these pres- 
 ents Do fuHy absolutely and Clearly Grant Bargain Sell Re- 
 ieas Enfeoff and Confeirm unto him the said Aaron Leam- 
 mg his heirs and asigns all that Tract of Land Beach and 
 Marsh Lying and being in the County of Capmay and prov- 
 ince of New Jarsey called or known by the name of the 
 Seven mile beach it being an inlire Island from three Quar- 
 ters flood to one Quarter Ebb Bounded as followeth (viz) 
 Bounded on the Southeast by the main ocean or Sea on the 
 Southwest by the Inlet Called Little hereford Inlet, and on 
 the Northwest by the Creeks and Sounds that are flowed 
 with water trom three Quarters flood to one Quarter Ebb 
 and on the northeast by the Inlet Called Townsends Inlet 
 Together also with all and all manner of woods under woods 
 irees mines minerals Quarres Haukings Huntings Foulings 
 
94 mSTOKY OF CAl'E MAY COINTY. 
 
 Fishings fences Buildings Improvements heircclitaments ancF. 
 appurtenances whatsoever thereunto belonging or in any 
 ways appurtaining and all the estate right title property pos- 
 session Intrest Claim and Demand whatsoever either in law 
 or Equity of them the said Charles Dockminique John Ben— 
 net Edward Ruchier Robert Mitchell Thomas Skinner and 
 Joseph Brooksbank and the Rest of the proprietors of the. 
 Western Devision of the Province of New Jarsey known by 
 the name of New Jarsey Society their or either of their heir" 
 heirs of in too unto or out of the above Bargained and Grant- 
 ed or the hereby intended to be Bargained and Granted 
 premises and every part and parcell thereof TO HAVE 
 AND TO HOLD all the above Bargained and Granted or 
 the hereby intended to be granted Land Marsh or Beach and 
 promises unto him the said Aaron Learning his heirs and 
 asigns forever To the Sole and only proper use Benefit and 
 Behoof of him the said Aaron Leaming his heirs and asigns 
 forever and the said Charles Dockminique John Bennet Ed- 
 ward Richier Robert Mitchell Thomas Skinner and Josepb^ 
 Brooksbank for themselves and each of them severrally for 
 their respective heirs Executors and administrators Do- 
 Covenant Grant Bargain promise and agree to and with the 
 said Aaron Leaming his heirs and assignes that all the time 
 of the ensealing and Delivering of these presents those called 
 and known of the. New Jarsey Society above mentioned 
 Stand Lawfully Seized of the above Granted or Intended ta' 
 be Granted Land Marsh & Premises of a Good sure perfect 
 & undefeizable Estate of inheiritance in the Law in fee sim- 
 ple and that they the Said Charles Dockminique John Ben- 
 net Edward Richier Robert Mitchell Thomas Skinner and 
 Joseph Brookebank have in them Selves good Right full 
 power and absolute authority (all the time of the ensealing 
 & Delivering of these presents) to Grant Bargaine Sell Con- 
 vey and Confeirm the above Granted or the hereby 
 intended to be Granted Land marsh & premises 
 unto him the said Aaron Leaming his heirs & asigns as is 
 above mentioned to be Granted Bargained Sold &c and 
 that the above Granted and Bargained primises in the Quiet 
 and peaceable posession of him the said Aaron Leaming his 
 heirs & asigns free & clear & frely & Clearly acquited & 
 
ANClENt LOANS AND TAXES. 95' 
 
 Discharged from all former & other Grants Bargains Saks 
 Leases Releases i^Iortgages & all other incumberejices im 
 the Law whatsoever shall forever remain and the said 
 Charles Dockminique Edward Richier Robert Mitchil!. 
 Thomas Skinner John Rennet & Joseph Brooksbank for 
 themselves & each of them severally for their respective 
 heirs Executors and administrators Do furder Covenant 
 Bargain and promise and agree to & with him and said Aa- 
 ron Lcaming his heirs and asigns that all the above Granted I 
 or the hereby intended to be Granted Land marsh & prem- 
 ises with all the appurtainces thereunto belonging in the 
 peacable & Quiet possession of him the Said Aaron Leam- 
 ing his heirs & asigns. against any manner of person or 
 persons that shall ever Lay any Just or Lawfull Claim 
 unto the same or to any part or parcell thereof by vertue of 
 any Right had in the same any time before the Day of Date 
 of these presents they will & shall forever warrant and De- 
 fend and each of their Respective heirs as above said the 
 same in Like manner Shall forever warrant & Defend in the 
 peacable & Quiet Possession of him the said Aaron Learning 
 his heirs and asigns after the same manner as is above men- 
 tioned and that all any time within the term of tenn years 
 Next ensuing the Date Hereof they every of them and their 
 agent for the time being Shall make and execute at the 
 proper Cost and Charge in the Lavy of him the said Aarr^ 
 Leaming his heirs and assigns all such furder and other deed ' 
 & conveyances for the better asureingand confeirming the : 
 above mentioned Land & premises unto him the said /Varon--! 
 Leaming his heirs and asigns forever as shall be by him the ■ 
 said Aaron Leaming his heirs or asigns or by any of his or • 
 their councells Learned in the Law advises Devised or Re*- - 
 quired. 
 
 In \\'itness whereof the Said Fartyes to these presents?, 
 have interchangeably put their hands & seals the Day andt 
 year first above mentioned 
 
 Thomas Skinner Robert Mitchell 
 
 Joseph Brooksbank Charles Docminiquiei- 
 
 John Bennet Edward Richier 
 
 Signed Sealed and Delivered in the presents of us 
 
 Ir S HooDcr > Richard Ashfield 
 
S6 i:3S'in|RY OF CAPE MAY rOT'NTY. 
 
 September 19th 1723 — Received of Aaron Learning the 
 Consideration money mentioned in the within deed by mon- 
 ey formerly Paid and a bond now given for the Remainder 
 I say received by me Lewis Morris Agent. 
 
 In 1726 the first census of Cape May county was given, 
 and there were then but 668 persons residing within its ter- 
 ritory. 
 
 The census is abstracted from a letter of May 9, that year, 
 from Governor Burnett to the Lords of Trade in London, 
 and shows the total number of white residents to have been 
 654, of which 209 were males above 16, 156 females above 
 16, 148 males under 16, 141 females under 16, and the total 
 number of negroes to have been 14, of which 8 were males 
 above 16, 5 females above 16, and one male under 16. The 
 total population of the State was 32,442, of which 2581 were 
 negroes. 
 
 But the residents must have been a thrifty and pious set, 
 because they seem d to accomplish a great deal with the 
 little which they had to do. In the matter of religion they 
 were a devout people. There had, with that small popula- 
 tion, been established three meeting houses in the county, 
 all on the one long main road which by that time had ex- 
 tended from Town Bank to Cold Spring, on by the Baptist 
 church at Court House, and the old Cedar Quaker meeting 
 house at Seaville to Beesley's Point. From the journal of 
 Thomas Chalkley, a traveling Friend from England, who 
 visited Cape May this year, it appears to have been a wil- 
 derness between Cuhansey and the main road, but Chalkley, 
 tinder date of 2d month, 1726. of his journey here: 
 
 "From Cohansey I went through the wilderness over 
 Maurice River, accompanied by James Daniel, through a 
 miry, boggy way, in which we saw no house for about forty 
 miles, except at the ferry; and that night we got to Richard 
 Townsend's, at Cape May, where we were kindly received. 
 Next day we had a meeting at Rebecca Garretson's, and 
 the day after a pretty large one at Richard Townsend's, and 
 then went down to the Cape, and had a meeting at John 
 Page's, and next day another at Aaron Leaming's; and sev- 
 eral expressed their satisfaction with those meetings. I 
 
ANCLKNT LOANS AND TANKS. 97 
 
 lodged two nights at Jacob Spict-r's. my wife's brother. 
 From Cape May, we traveled along the sea-coast to Egg 
 Harbor. We swam our horses over Egg Harbor River, and 
 went over ourselves in canoes; and afterward had a meeting 
 at Richard Sumers, which was a large one as could be ex- 
 pected, considering the people live at such distance from 
 each other." 
 
 In this year the tax levied upon Cape May was £157 19s. 
 8p., and Richard Townsend was entrusted to collect it. 
 This was an average of four shillings for each inhabitant, or 
 about $1.25, so that the tax was not very heavy upon them. 
 On April 9th this year Benjamin Hand was commissioned 
 a lieutenant in Captain Downes' company. On August 30, 
 1733, the following w-ere appointed a Commission of the 
 Peace: Jacob Spicer, Humphrey Hughs, Robert Townsend, 
 William Smith, Richard Townsend, Henry Young, John 
 Hand, Samuel Eldridge, William Seagrave, Henry Stites, 
 Richard Stites, William Eldridge and Anthony Ludlam, 
 and the judges selected were Jacob 5"picer, Humphrey 
 Hughs, Robert Townsend and William ^amith. 
 
CHAPTER VIII. '1 
 
 THE KELKUOT'S CONTKOYERSIES. 
 
 After Rev. John liradncr. the first pastor of the Cold 
 Spring Presbyterian Church, ended his labors there in 173I;, 
 he removed to Goshen, Orange county, New York, where 
 he died two years later. His estate was purchased for the 
 church in 1721 by the following persons: Humphrey 
 Hughes, Barnabas Crowell, Nathaniel Rex, George Hand, 
 Jehu Richardson, Yelvcrson Crowell, John Parsons, George 
 Crawford, Josiah Crowell, Colonel Jacob Spicer, Benjamin 
 Stites, William Mulford, Shamgar Hand, Jeremiah Hand, 
 William Matthews, Joshua Gulicksen, Samuel Eldredge, 
 Samuel Bancroft, Sanuiel Johnston, Recompence Hand, 
 Jonathan Furman, Eleazer Norcault, Constant Hughes, 
 Ezekiel Eldredge, Cornelius Schellenger, Eleazer Newton, 
 Joshua Crawford, Jehu Hand, Nathaniel Norton. John 
 Matthews. 
 
 After the removal of Mr. Bradner the church was without 
 a pastor till 1726, when the Rev. Hugston Hughes was set- 
 tled and stayed one year only, as he was given "to too strong 
 drink." 
 
 From Aaron Leaming's, 2d, manuscript we read: 
 
 "My father's father, Christopher Leaming, was an Eng- 
 lishman, and came to America in 1670, and landed near or 
 at Boston; thence to East Hampton. There he lived till 
 about the year 1691. and then leaving his family at Long Is- 
 land, he came himself to Cape May. which, at that time, was 
 a new county, and beginning to settle very fast, and seemed 
 to promise good advantages to the adventurers. Here he 
 went whaling in the proper season, and at other times work- 
 ed at the cooper's trade, which was his occupation, and 
 good at the time by reason of the great number of whales 
 caught in those days, made the demand and pay for casks 
 certain. He died of a pleurisie in 1696. His remains were 
 
THE IJKLKJlorS ('().\I'U( ►VKUSIES. 99 
 
 interred at the place called Cape May Town, was situated 
 next above now New England Town Creek, and contained 
 about thirteen houses; but, on the failure of the whale fish- 
 ery in Delaware Bay, it dwindled into common farms, and 
 the graveyard is on the plantation now owned by Ebenezer 
 Newton. At the first settlement of the county, the chief 
 whaling was in Delaware Bay, and that occasioned the town 
 to be built there; but there has not been one house in that 
 town since my remembrance. In 1734 I saw the graves; 
 Samuel Eldredge showed them to me. They were then 
 about fifty rods from tlic bay. and the sand was blown to 
 them. The town was between them and the water. There 
 were then some signs of the ruin of the houses. I never saw 
 any East India tea till 1735. It was the Presbyterian pa:- 
 sons. the followers of Whitefield, that brought it into use at 
 Cape May, about the year 1744-5-6, and now it impoverish- 
 eth the country." 
 
 "Aaron Leaming (the first), of the County of Cape May, 
 departed this life at Philadelphia, of a pleurisie, on the 20th 
 of June, 1746, about five o'clock in the afternoon. He was 
 born at Sag. near East Hampton, on Long Island. Oct. 
 1 2th, 1687. being the son of Christopher Leamyeng (as he 
 spelt his name), an Englishman, and Hester, his wife, whose 
 maiden name was Burnet, and was born in New England. 
 Christopher Leamyeng owned a lot at Easthampton, but he 
 came to Cape May, being a cooper, and stayed several years 
 and worked at his trade: and about 1695-6 he died at Cape 
 May, and his land fell to Thomas Leamyeng, his eldest son; 
 the rest was left poor." 
 
 Dr. Beesley says; 
 
 "Aaron Leaming was bound to Collins, a shoemaker in 
 Connecticut, but did not serve his time out, and came into 
 the Jerseys at about sixteen years of age, very poor, help- 
 less and friendless; embraced the Quaker religion, lived a 
 time at Salem, came to Cape May while yet a boy (in 1693), 
 settled at Goshen, raised cattle, bought a shallop and went 
 by water, gathered a considerable estate, but more knowl- 
 edge than money. The 12th day of October, 1714. married 
 Lydia Shaw, widow of Wiliam Shaw, and daughter of John 
 Parsons. By her he had four children, Aaron, Jeremian, 
 
lOU HiSToKY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Matthias and Elizabeth. He was tirst a justice of the peace 
 at Cape May. In 1723 he was made clerk of Cape May, 
 and in October, 1727, he was chosen assemblyman, and 
 served in that post till July, 1744. He died June 20, 1748, 
 aged 58, and his remains lie in vault 50, in Christ Church 
 yard, Philadelphia. He was universally confessed to have 
 had a superior knowledge; he amassed large possessions, 
 and did more for his children than any Cape May man has 
 ever' done. He left a clear estate, and was buried in the 
 church-yard in Philadelphia. At Salem and Alloway's 
 Creek he became acquainted with Sarah Hall, an aged 
 Quaker lady, mother of Clement Hall. She herself was an 
 eminent lawyer for those times, and had a large collection 
 of books, and very rich, and took delight in my father on 
 account of his sprightly wit and genius, and his uncommon 
 fondness for the law, which he read in her library, though 
 a boy, and very small of his age (for he was a little man), 
 and could not write; for the Presbyterians of New England 
 had taken no other care of his education than to send him 
 to meeting." 
 
 Another old record says: 
 
 "There v.-as an Indian killed on Foxborough Hill, at 
 Beesley's Point, in 1736, by old Joseph Golden, who got 
 into a Cjuarrel and probably unintentionally killed his oppo- 
 nent. It is said the Indians were so enraged against Golden 
 that he was for a long time obliged to secrete himself to 
 avoid their vengeance. A suit was instituted against him 
 in the county which was removed to Burlington, where he 
 was tried and acquitted; but its great cost obliged him to 
 dispose of that part of his place northwest of the main road 
 to the Point, to Nicholas Stillwell." 
 
 Concerning this event "The Pennsylvania Gazette," of 
 August 2-7, 1736, says: 
 
 "Cape-May, July 17. Yesterday the Coroner's Inquest 
 view'd the Body of an Indian man. said to be kill'd by Jo- 
 seph Golden, an English Inhabitant here. Isaiah Stites be- 
 ing present and seeing the whole Difference, gave his Evi- 
 dence to the Inquest, the Substance whereof was. That 
 Golden having hired the said Indian with another Indian 
 Man and Woman to pull some Flax, was to give them 
 
THE KELKJIOT'S CO.NTUO VEUSIK'<. 101 
 
 three quarts of Rum for their Labour, with which they got 
 Drunk and quarrel'd with Golden, wlio then bid them be- 
 g'one from his House, but they refus'd going" and gave liim 
 ill Language, whereupon a Quarrel ensued, and man\ 
 Blows passing on both sides. ( jolden got a small Stick of 
 Cudgel to drive them away, but the two Indians fell upon 
 him and got him down, beat him very much and twisted his 
 Neck, so that he seemed in Danger of his Life; Stites en- 
 deavored to part them; at length Golden (with Stites' help) 
 got on his Legs, and then took a larger stick in his Hand 
 to defend himself, bidding the Indians to keep off, but one 
 of them coming violently at him, he struck him on the 
 Head, knock'd him down, and he died w-ithout speaking a 
 Word more: It appearing that there was no Difference be- 
 tween Golden and the Indians, before that sudden Quarrel 
 and that they had put him in fear of his Life, before he 
 struck that blow, the Coroner's Inquest found it Man- 
 slaughter." 
 
 Cape May county grew in its number of inhabitants from 
 668 in 1726 to 1004 in 1737-8, or an increase of 336 in eleven 
 years. The whites numbered: 
 
 Males above 16 years 261 
 
 Females above 16 years 219 
 
 Males under t6 years 271 
 
 Females under 16 years 211 
 
 Total whites 962 
 
 Negroes and other slaves: 
 
 Males above 16 years 12 
 
 Females above 16 years 10 
 
 Males under 16 years 9 
 
 Females under 16 years 11 
 
 Total slaves 42 
 
 Total in county 1004 
 
 The first cattle brought over Cedar Swamp bridge were, 
 according to Aaron Teaming driven over it in the year 
 1729. The keeping up of the road was troublesome be- 
 cause of the disputes over it. The three precincts of the 
 
102 HISTORY OF CAPf] MAY COT'NTY. 
 
 county were each to care for a third of the road. But the 
 lower precinct never did anything towards its maintenance, 
 while the middle precinct did a small portion of the work. 
 The bulk of the care fell upon the upper precinct, upon 
 which the inhabitants of the others claimed the charge 
 evolved. The others did not hesitate to use it when they 
 ■wanted to use the only thoroughfare out of the county up 
 the bay side. 
 
 The "Pennsylvania Gazette," October 16-23, 1735, con- 
 tains the following advertisement: 
 
 "To be Sold, 
 
 "A very good Fulling Mill at Fishing Creek, in the Coun- 
 ty of Cape May, with all the Materials, as Press, Sheers, 
 Tenters, and Copper; With one hundred Acres of Land. 
 Enquire of Richard Downs." 
 
 At this fulling mill homespun cloth was made, and the 
 wool was gotten from the sheep raised on the place. Downs 
 must have sold his place and retired. He had previously 
 "been a militiaman, sheriff, and was an industrious citizen. 
 He died in 1747. 
 
 "The Pennsylvania Gazette," May 28. 1747, gives the 
 following notice to his debtors and creditors: 
 
 "Philadelphia, May 12, 1747. 
 
 "All persons indebted to the estate of Captain Richard 
 Downs, late of Cape May, deceased, are desired to make 
 speedy payment: And those who have any demands against 
 said estate, are desired to pay the same, within Six months 
 from the date hereofj_tLL_. 
 
 "ELISHA HAND, and 
 "NATHANIEL FOSTER. 
 
 "Executors." 
 
 At the Governor's Council, held on December i, 1739, 
 the following officers were appointed for Cape May county: 
 Jacob Spicer, Humphrey Hughs, Henry Young, William 
 Smith, Robert Townsend, judges of the pleas and justices 
 of the quorum; Henry Stites, Richard Stites, Ebenezer 
 Swain, justices of the quorum; Joseph Ludlam, Junr., 
 William Smith, Junr, and Nathaniel Foster, justices; Elijah 
 Hughs, clerk; Constant Hughes, sherifif, and John Stites, 
 •coroner. 
 
TUK IlELKJIOrS CONTROVERSIES. 103 
 
 The first recorded license, that of a house of entertain- 
 nient on tlie seashore, was taken out by Jacob Ludlani, Jr., 
 in the year 1740. 
 
 Dr. Beesley says of the cedar swamps in the interior of 
 Cape May: 
 
 "Between the years of 1740 and '50 tlie cedar swamps of 
 the county were mostly located ; and the amount of lumber 
 since taken from them is incalculable, not only as an article 
 of trade, but to supply the home demand for fencing and 
 building materials in the county. Large portions of these 
 swamps have been w'orked a second, and some a third time 
 since located. At the present time there is not an acre of 
 original growth of swamp standing, having all passed away 
 before the resistless sway of the speculator or the consumer. 
 The annual growth is sufificient to fill our wharves yearly 
 with many thousands of rails and sawed lumber." 
 
 In 1 74 1 the Baptists at Cape May Court House erected 
 their church, a brick structure, on the land of Jeremiah 
 Hand, w^ho the next year gave what is now the old cemetery 
 to the amount of one acre and three rods, on which the 
 church stood until burned in 1854 — 113 years. ^Morgan 
 Edwards, in his sketch, says, 1792, of the church's history: 
 
 "This church receives its distinction from the promontory 
 which forms the bay of Delaware on the northeast side; the 
 meeting house measures 34 feet by 26; it was built in 1741; 
 the lot on which it stands contains an acre and three 
 perches, and was given by Jeremiah Hand, esq.; the house 
 is finished as usual, and is distant from Philadelphia 82 
 miles towards the S. S. E.; there is a fine spring of water 
 by it, which is a great rarity in this part of the country ; it is 
 situated in the middle precinct of Cape May county: the 
 families, which usually make up the congregation, are 
 about 90. whereof 63 persons are baptised and in the com- 
 munion, which is here administered every other month; the 
 church was raised to a body politic July 29, 1786: the min- 
 ister is Rev. John Stancliff; the salary about 80 pounds. — 
 The above is the present state of Cape May, Apr. 19, 1790." 
 
 "Temporalities. 
 
 "Plantation, 70 acres, purchased by congregation; land, 
 good; dwelling in tolerable repair: living at 80 pounds." 
 
104 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 During the years 1742 and 43 there was an extended re- 
 ligious revival throughout the county. The pastors of the 
 Baptist church and of the C old Spring IVesbjtenan_church^ . 
 who at that time was Rev._Samuel Finlev,. who acted as a 
 
 supply from I740j2_1742" ^^'^- ^'^"^^y '^^'^^ ^ "''^" °^ *-^^^P 
 learning, having been educated at the famous "Log C0I-- 
 lege" in Bucks county. Pennsylvania. He became in 1761. 
 the fifth president of Princeton College, and remained at 
 the head of that scat of learning until I766,_ The Baptist 
 pastor and exhorter of that season \\Tre Xathanael J enkins. 
 KenrT, and his sonT Nathanael, respectively. Morgan Ed- 
 wards, the Baptist historian of the event, gives his version. 
 of the event this way: 
 
 "In 1742, in 1743, the spirit of religion was raised high- 
 at the Cape; owing partly to the preaching of Baptist min- 
 isters, and partly to the labours of Presbyterian ministers 
 of the new^ light order; but many of the latter's disciples 
 joining the Baptists caused much grumbling; and issued in 
 a public dispute and polemical writings. The occasion was 
 as follows: About 1742 there was, at the Cape, a remark- 
 able stir of the religious kind; this stir was owing partly to 
 the preaching of Baptist ministers, and partly to the labors 
 of Presbyterian ministers of the new light order; but some 
 of one party's converts joining the other party caused a 
 howling among the losing shepherds, and issued in a public 
 challenge; Mr. Morgan (Rev. Abel Morgan, A. M.) accept- 
 ed the challenge. His antagonist was Rev. (afterwards Dr.)' 
 Samuel Finley; the contest ended as usual, viz., in double- 
 triumph." 
 
 The courts were usually held in private dwellings previous 
 to 1745. But a new court house had now been built, and the 
 first court held in it was on the third Tuesday of May. 1745, 
 when the following of^cers and jurors were present: Justices. 
 — Henrv Young, Henry Stites. Ebenezer Sw^ain and Na- 
 thaniel 'Foster.' Sheriff— Jacob Hughes. Clerk— Elijah' 
 Hughes, Sr. Grand Jurors — John Leonard, John Scull, 
 Noah Garrison, Peter Corson. Joseph Corson, George Hol- 
 lingshead. Clement Daniels, Benjamin Johnson, Jeremiah 
 Hand, Th-nnas Buck, Joseph Badcock, Isaiah Stites, Joseph' 
 
THE UELIGIOUS CONTKOVEKSIES. 105 
 
 Edwards, James Godfrey, Thomas Smith, Isaac 'J'ownsciid,. 
 Ananias Osborne, Robert Cresse and Thomas Hcwit. 
 
 The number of rcsitlents of the county this year was 1188, 
 according to the census taken by order of tlie Governor of 
 the province. The population was divided as follows: 306 
 males above 16 years, 284 males under 16 years, 272 females 
 above 16 years, 274 females under 16 years, 54 Quakers or 
 reputed Quakers. 30 male slaves, 22 female slaves; 1188 
 whole mmiber of inhabitants; 184 increase since 1737-8. 
 
 The Third French antl Indian War (known as King 
 George's War) was in progress from 1744 to '48, and there 
 were several Cape May men commissioned. Wliile none 
 of them are known to have gone to Louisburg or the Cana- 
 dian provinces, they were to be ready to do duty at home 
 should the French marine come upon the Jersey shore. 
 The commissions granted were: 
 
 August 3, 1747. Ebenezer Swaine, Es([., to be captain of 
 a company of militia. 
 
 August 3. 1747. Thomas Ross, Gent., to be lieutenant 
 of a company for the lower precinct, of which Ebenezer 
 Swaine is captain. 
 
 Ellis Hughes to be ensign in the same company. 
 
 Aug. 3, 1747. Jonathan Foreman, gent., captain of a 
 company of foot militia for the middle precinct, of which 
 Nicholas Gibbon is colonel. 
 
 John Leonard, gent, to be colonel. 
 
 George Hand to be ensign. 
 
 April 8, 1748. Henry Young to be colonel of militia. 
 
 The value which the West Jersey proprietors placed uporr 
 land in Cape May county at this time can be surmised in 
 reading the instructions from a committee of the West Jer- 
 sey Society to the agent of the Society, under date of London, 
 .August 16, 1749, a portion of which reads: "We desire you 
 will endeavor to dispose of what quantity you can of our 
 Lands at Cape May at Twenty Pounds or more p' hundred 
 Acres New York Money but not under that price and tiot 
 less than One thousand Acres to be located &c. all together 
 and not in different parts and to be free of all charges of 
 Convevance &c."' 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 SYEST JERSEY SOCIETY KKIHTS. 
 
 In the middle of the eighteenth century the two most 
 prominent men of Cape May county were Aaron Learning, 
 Jr., better known as the second, and Jacob Spicer, 2d, who 
 were also possessed of a reputation all over the province of 
 New Jersey as brilliant men, with practical and methodical 
 ways. Their fathers, Aaron Leaming and Jacob Spicer, 
 had held many prominent offices before them, been in the 
 Assembly, and paved the way for their sons to easily suc- 
 ceed them. Aaron Leaming, 2d, first entered the Assembly 
 in 1740, and remained a member for about thirty years, 
 with but two or three short intercessions. He was born 
 July 6, 171 5, O. S., and was a general favorite of the people. 
 He possessed a splendid education and was an expert and 
 clear penman, being a voluminous writer, to whom pos- 
 terity owes much for the records and diaries he kept. He 
 was a man of considerable industry and acquired much 
 land. 
 
 Dr. Beesley says he "was one of the most prominent and 
 influential men the county ever produced. The family lost 
 nothing in caste through him. He was a heavy land oper- 
 ator, and a member of the Legislature for thirty years. 
 From the manuscript he left behind him, which is quite 
 voluminous, it would appear he was a man of great indus- 
 try and much natural good sense, well educated for the 
 times, and withal a little tinged with aristocracy; a trait of 
 character not unexceptionable under the royal prerogative. 
 No man ever received greater honors from the county, and 
 none, perhaps, better deserved them." 
 
 Young Spicer was born the year after Leaming, and was 
 also possessed of a good, practical education, and had the 
 faculty of acquiring wealth and of grasping every opportu- 
 nity which presented itself. He first entered the Assembly 
 
WKvS'l' .IKIJSKV SOCIKTY KICH'IS. 107 
 
 in 1745 and remained in it with Learnings tor about twenty 
 years. The Asseinbl}- about this time wanted the grants 
 and eoncessions made to the lords proprietors and the laws 
 of both East and West Jersey eompiled, and Learning and 
 Spicer were the two men who finally eompiled them. The 
 Assembly's first aet in this matter is recorded in Aaron 
 Leaming's own handwriting in the State Library, and reads: 
 "L^pon Saturday, the second day of February, 1750. Rob- 
 ert Lawrence, of Monmouth; William Cooks, of lUndington; 
 William Hancock, of Salem; Jacob Spicer, of Cape May; 
 Hendrick Fisher, of Somerset; John Wetherill, of Middle- 
 sex, and Aaron Leaming. of Cape May, gentlemen, being 
 -of the House of Assemljly.'" were selected a committee to 
 inspect the "Laws. Records and other Fundamental Con- 
 stitutions relating to the first Settlement of New Jersey in 
 each Division." The ""Pennsylvania Journal." of November 
 8, 1750. contained the advertisement that the laws of New- 
 Jersey from 1700 to 1750 would be published and that Leam- 
 ing and Spicer would receive subscriptions for the same. 
 This committee went immediately and diligently to work 
 on its task. On the following Thursday Chairman Law- 
 rence made a report, wherein were shown the grants of 
 Charles H to James. Duke of Yorke, and from the Duke of 
 Yorke to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Cartaret, and 
 that there were "'Certain Concessions and Agreements, 
 Which Concessions and Agreements were esteemed the fun- 
 •damental Plan of Government." Lawrence also reported 
 the scheme of the twenty-four proprietors of East Jersey 
 and the plan of government for West Jersey, and showing 
 that different laws were passed for the two divisions accord- 
 ing to the concessions. The committee also said that as 
 some of the laws, particularly those appertaining to the 
 taxing of lands and "'Securing of Men's Property in Lands," 
 were "lodged in several difticult Hands and not come so ful- 
 ly to the Knowledge of the Publick as could be desired," 
 and recommended that all these things be published. The 
 Assembly thereupon ordered them to be printed with "con- 
 venient dispatch and collected in one Volume," and the law 
 -and matter were to be corrected by the originals. Another 
 tcommittee was subsequently appointed by the committee, 
 
108 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 who could, if they wished, supervise this work. Speaker 
 Nevill and Samuel Smith, the historian, were to have charge 
 of the printing, and 170 books were to be printed at two> 
 pence per sheet. 
 
 Learning and Spicer were the two most active members- 
 of the committee, and they had a great deal of research tO' 
 do. The old State papers were not kept in the order in. 
 those days and with the care that they are now, because 
 their value was not then realized. Some of the most im- 
 portant instruments were the hardest to secure, and once 
 the committee was ordered to search for the "Instrument 
 or Record or the Surrender made bv the Proprietors of this 
 Colony at the Surrender of the Government to the Crown;, 
 and also for what Concessions were entered into by the 
 Crown at the Time of the Acceptance of Such Surrender- 
 in behalf of the People." (3n October 16, 1751, the com- 
 mittee, or three of them, were given power to write to Lon- 
 don, and ask the New Jersey agent to send attested copies, 
 of the surrender. 
 
 The work, which finall}-, by authority or not implicitly 
 given, devolved upon the two Cape May members, pro- 
 gressed until 1755. Aaron Leaming, in his diary, writes- 
 under date of the latter year, "Feb'y 2d. Spicer & I began 
 compiling the New Jersey constitution," and again, under 
 date of 1756 says: Nov. 29 Spicer & I began the Table of 
 the Jersey constitution." In the meantime, w^hen these men: 
 were compiling these laws, on August 20, 1755. an act for 
 the support of the government was passed, in which it was- 
 stated that Leaming and Spicer had been empowered to» 
 print the laws at two pence per sheet, and binding allow- 
 ances. They were to be bound in calfskin, and the details- 
 of payment is here stated. 
 
 On March 27, 1758, 126 volumes had been printed, and 
 on the following 15th of April the final settlement was made 
 by ordering that Leaming and Spicer be paid "after Three- 
 months Trial of the Sale," at the rate of £1 i8s. 6d. per 
 volume. 
 
 In 1750 Nicholas Stillwell. of Egg Harbor, took out a 
 license to keep a house of entertainment; in 1752 Jacob' 
 Spicer at Cold Spring; in 1761 Aaron Leaming on the sea- 
 
WKST JERSEY SOCIiri'V KKJll'lS. 109 
 
 ;?hore two miles above the court house; in 1763 Clu-istopher 
 Learning; in 1764 Daniel Hand at the Court House, and 
 in 1768 Memucan Hughes and James Whilklin at and near 
 Cape Island, 
 
 The second church established within the c-ountv, or at 
 least which had Cape May residents as conuuunicants. by 
 the Baptists was at Tuckahoe in 175 1, of which Morgan Ed- 
 wards says (1792): 
 
 "Tuckihoe. 
 
 "Church is dis'tinguished from a river which runs near 
 meeting house; the house measures 28 feet by 24; it was 
 "built 1 75 1, in Egg Harbour township, and county of Glou- 
 cester, 60 miles S. E. Philadelphia, lot on which stands con- 
 tains about one acre, and was gift James Hubbard, deed 
 dated May 15, 1750; house is now in ruinous condition, 
 but the people talking of building another, in a more con- 
 venient place; Alderman Benezet promises to give them 
 land, timber, glass and nails; there is another house which 
 the church occupies, but it is not their own; it stands on 
 May's landing, about 12 miles ofif of this. The families 
 M'hich usually assemble at Tuckahoe are about 60. whereof 
 63 persons are baptised, and in the communion, here ad- 
 ministered the first Sunday of every month. Salary about 
 20 pounds. — About present state of church Ap. 14, 1790. 
 
 "History. 
 
 "When the gospel began to be preached at Dividing 
 creek, by Rev. Nathanael Jenkins, several from these parts 
 repaired thither, and received serious impressions; the con- 
 sequence was, that said Jenkins was invited to preach among 
 them; he came, and notwithstanding his age, and Morris 
 river, stood in the way; and baptised some, who joined Di- 
 viding-creek; Mr. Sheppard, of Salem, visited these parts 
 and baptised others; and after their deaths, Mr. Kelsey 
 preached here and baptised. In 1770 Rev. James Sutton 
 came hither with a view to settle among them; this put 
 them on thinking of becoming a distinct church; according- 
 ly, they were, July 23, 1771, incorporated, by the assistance 
 of Rev. Mess. Vanhorn and Heaton; the names were. Rev. 
 James Sutton. Joseph Savage, Esq., Jonathan Smith, Wil- 
 liam Goldin, Jacob Garrison, Joseph Ingersol, Thomas Ire- 
 
110 HISTORY OF CArt: MAY COUNTY. 
 
 land, Elias Smith, John Ingles, Esq.. Lemuel Sayres, Lem- 
 uel Edwards, John Scull, Isaac Scull, Katharine Garrison^ 
 Mary Goldin, Jaen Ingersol, Debora Lore, Tabitha Scull,. 
 Mary Ireland, Elizabeth Garrison, Jaen Camp, Mary Camp^ 
 Abigail Scull and Catharine Weaver." 
 
 Rev. James Sutton was pastor until 1772; Rev. William 
 Lock, 1773 to 1779, and Rev. Isaac Bonnell from 1783 to 
 date (1792). 
 
 There has been found in the old burying ground of the- 
 Baptist church at the head of the Tuckahoe River these cor- 
 roborative fac-similes of biographies and epitaphs: 
 
 Robert Campbell son of Henry and Ellen Campbell.. 
 Died March 20-1754. 
 
 Rev. Isaac Bonnel Departed this life July 25-1794, His 
 age 64 years. 
 
 Ann Groom the wife of Rev'd Peter Groom, Departed 
 this life May 4-1796, 46 years old. 
 
 Millicent Price, Departed this life July 28-1826, Age 56 
 years and 4 months. 
 
 An extremely interesting tomb is that of the Reverend 
 Peter Groom, pastor of the Baptist Church at West Creek. 
 
 The following mortuary lines show his worth: 
 "The friend of man 
 The friend of truth 
 The friend of aee 
 The guide of youth." 
 
 He departed this life January 16, 1807. 
 
 In the year 1752 an association of persons was formed for 
 the purpose of purchasing of the West Jersey Society their 
 interests in the county, in order to procure the natural priv- 
 ileges of fishing and fowling and all the articles of luxury 
 and use to be obtained from the bays and sounds, which 
 were held in high estimation. The agreement reads as 
 follows : 
 
 "Whereas, The West New Jersey Society once Stood seiz- 
 ed in their Demense as of Fee of a certain Ninety Thousand 
 acres of Land Situate at, and containing the chiefest part 
 of that Island or Tract of Land called Cape may between 
 Delaware Bay and Great Egg harbour River, which said 
 
WEST JERSEY SOCIETY KKillTS. Ill 
 
 Society having sold and Transferred the greatest and most 
 vakiable parts of the said Ninety thousand acres to divers- 
 persons; And Whereas there is yet remaining unsold a par- 
 cel of broken and sunken marshes, sounds, creeks, barren 
 Lands t'tc as of very little value, which never the less if the 
 Same Should be purchased by any particular person or per- 
 sons in large Tracts it might be an inducement for such pur- 
 chaser to endeavour to monopolize the Fishery, oystering 
 &c which nature seems to have intended for a General 
 blessing to tlic Poor, and others who have bought the Lands 
 and settled contiguous thereto And many of us the Subscrib- 
 ers having already given advanced prices for our Lands by 
 reason of the vicinity of the said priviledges, arc now unwil- 
 ling to be deprived thereof: Wherefore we the Subscribers 
 each and every of us do each of us seperately for our selves, 
 and for each of our heirs. Executors Administrators 8z as- 
 signs associate covenant Grant Bargain and agree to and' 
 with all and every other of the said Subscribers their heirs 
 and assigns in manner and form following — To Wit — That 
 we will each and every of us associate and Join in the pur- 
 chasing of the Said Society the aforesaid unsold parts of the 
 said Land which when So purchased To be holden in equal 
 Shares amongst all and every of us the Subscribers Our 
 heir and Assigns in common and undivided forever, as Ten- 
 ants in Common. Except such parts thereof as we Shall Sell 
 and Separate oiif as hereafter is mentioned And that Due 
 Justice may be rendered unto all persons we do hereby cov- 
 enant and agree that if any particular person or persons- 
 whither Subscriber or not hath actually a Survey made by 
 Henry Young, Esqr. upon any part which we Shall So pur- 
 chase, or if any Tract that is unsurveyed Shall lie within 
 the inclosures or at the head or foot of any particular persons 
 Land or Plantation Situate within the Said County if Such 
 person discovers the Same to be there and will first consent 
 to give the price the Said Society now Sells at In that case 
 we will Sell the Same to Such person at a price not higher 
 than the said Society hath immediately before this time been 
 used to Sell for; The purchase money whereof shall be put 
 into the General Stock and applyed towards the payment 
 of the consideration that we Shall be obliged to Give for the 
 
112 IJ I STORY OF CAPE MAY COT'XTY. 
 
 Said Land So by us intended to be purcbased. And Fur- 
 ther if any particular person who is a Subscriber hereto 
 hath by himself, or his Predecessor in Title hath, actually 
 made a Purchase of any of the Said Societys Said Lands 
 and Such person Shall Doubt the validit}- of his Title to the 
 whole or any part thereof In that case a Deed of confirma- 
 tion and Release Shall be Granted Gratis to Such Subscrib- 
 ers he being at all charges — xA.nd for the Raising a Fund 
 for carrying the Said undertaking into execution we each 
 and every of us for and on behalf of ourselves Our heirs 
 Executors and administrators and Assigns Do Consent — 
 associate covenant Grant Bargain 8i agree to and with all 
 the rest of the Said Subscribers their heirs & Assigns that 
 the said money requisite for Such consideration. Shall be 
 raised levyed and Assessed upon us our heirs Executors and 
 Administrators according to the Several Estates that we 
 Severally hold in the manner that other Taxes are usually 
 raised by Law in New Jersey And Further that we will at 
 some General Conference or meeting on the Said Subject 
 chuse Such officers & persons as are or Shall be necessary 
 for laying and raising the Said Intended Tax. and also chuse 
 (when necessary) Such and So many persons as we Shall 
 think Suitable and convenient to go and agree for the Said 
 unsold Lands from the agents of the said West Jersey So- 
 ciety Provided never the less that if thirty Persons Free- 
 holders of the County of Cape May do not Sign this Asso- 
 ciation the whole and every part tliereof, Shall be void and 
 of no effect — And i*'urlher that the above said Commonages 
 of Fishery oystering &c Shall be construed to remain and 
 extend to all the Chihlren of us the Subscribers & all their 
 children & children's children and so forever — .\nd in any 
 marshes tliat we Shall Sell the aforesaid coninionages Shall 
 be reserved tliereout and not transferred but remain and 
 above. And in case of any Doubts in Titles, wher. we Grant 
 Releases, they Shall be so worded as to confirm the Same 
 Estate as if the original purchase had been good & value — 
 And that no Resurveys on any Persons Land whatever 
 Shall be claimed or allowed on any pretentions whatsoever. 
 Provided always that if any consideration Money Shall be 
 paid for any Lands to be Sold by virtue of the directions 
 
WKST .IKUSKV SOCIKTV KiillliS. 113 
 
 of this agrceinent, after the consideration {or the aforesaid 
 Land Shall be fully paid, tiien Such money to be equally 
 Divided amongst the Subscribers hereto in proportion to 
 the respective Shares the Said Subscribers hereto Shall Sev- 
 erally pay towards Such consideration. 
 
 The instrument was dated November 20, 1752, and was 
 signed by the following persons: James Edwards, James 
 Hedges. Samuel Bancroft, Jonathan Fourman, Recompence 
 Hand, William Matthews, Jacob Spicer, Ebenezer Swain, 
 Nathaniel Foster, Richard Stillwell, Ephraim Edwards, 
 Isaac Whilldin, T acob_JIugh es. John Hase, Daniel Cresse, 
 Benjamin Laughton, James Whilldin, Thomas Bancroft, 
 Jacob . Hand, Jere Leaming, Jacob Richardson, Joshua 
 Shaw, Samuel Crowell, Cornelius Schelinks, Barnabas 
 Crowell, Eleazer Crawford, Isaac Newton, George Stites, 
 William Stites, Richard Shaw, Downes Edmonds, John 
 Bancroft, Ebenezer Johnson, Uriah Smith, Aaron Leaming, 
 Thomas Hand, Jonadab Jenkins, Carman Smith, Daniel 
 Swaine. Jeremiah Hand, John Chester, John Smith, Elihu 
 Smith. Alarcy Ross, Thomas Leaming, Joseph Hewit, Wil- 
 liam Robenson, Joseph Hewit, Elisha Crowell, John El- 
 dredge, Robert Parsons, William Simpkins Reuben Hew- 
 it, Amos Johnson, Timothy Hand, Ezekiel Hand, Daniel 
 Hand, Silas Hand, Isaiah Hand, James Hand, Richard 
 Stites, Caleb Newton, Caleb Newton on behalf of Thomas 
 Page, Christopher Lupton, Ebenezer Newton, Henry Hand, 
 William Flower, Eleazer Hand, Samuel Eldredge, Daniel 
 Eldredge, Nezer Swain, George Taylor, Lewis Cresse, James 
 Cresse, Shamgar Hand, Jonathan Smith, Daniel Hand, 
 Robert Cresse, Benjamin Johnson aty of ye seaside, Henry 
 Leonard. Annanias Osborne, John Leonard, Michael Iszard, 
 Richard Smith, David Corson, Zebulon Swaine, Nathaniel 
 Jenkins. Junr., Benjamin Johnson of Goshen, Richard 
 Swain, Silas Goff. David Hildreth, Christopher Foster, 
 Joshua Hildreth. Joseph Hildreth, Samuel Foster. John 
 Hughes. Edward Church, Jeremiah Hand, John Wiliefs," 
 Joseph Corson, John Scull, John Van Gilder, Samuel Town- 
 send, Daniel Townsend, Arthur Cresse, Esaiah Stites, Josiah 
 Edwards, Jacob Corson, Andrew Corson, W'illiam Robin- 
 
114 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 son, Isaac Luldam,Abraham Van Gilder, Isaac WiIletts,Johm 
 Goff, Isaac Baner, David Corson, James Godfrey, Isaac 
 Townsend, John Corson, John Machey, Stephen Youngs- 
 Thomas Hevvit, Wm. Smith, James Hildreth, Thomas Tay- 
 lor, Seth Bowen, Franc's Crandol, John Hand, alias Willet,. 
 John Shaw, Jacob Smith, Henry Fisher, John Smith, Na- 
 than Johnson, Thos. Johnson, Thomas Smith, James Mil- 
 ler, John Isard, Abraham Hand, James Townsend, Silva- 
 nus Townsend, Junr. 
 
 It was difficult to name a valuation upon a right so en- 
 deared to the people as this. This association being slow 
 and cautious in its movements was no doubt astounded, in 
 the year 1756, to find that Jacob Spicer, upon his own re- 
 sponsibility, had superseded them, and had purchased the 
 right of the societv. through their acknowledged agent. Dr. 
 Johnson, of Perth Amboy, not only in natural privileges. 
 but in the unlocated land in the whole county. Spicer, al- 
 though he did not attempt or desire to prevent the people 
 from using these privileges as they had heretofore done, re- 
 ceived for his share in the transaction a large amount of 
 obloquy and hostile feeling, which required all the energy- 
 and moral courage he possessed to encounter. 
 
 In 1756 the time had come wdien the remaining West 
 Jersey proprietors were to at last dispose of their rights. 
 As heretofore mentioned, an association had been formed 
 in the lower precinct to purchase them. Dr. Coxe, who 
 originally held most of the soil, made five sales altogether 
 through his agent, George Taylor, to the West Jersey So- 
 ciety. The latter had by 1756 carried on the sale of its lands 
 for about sixty-four years, and had nothing much left by 
 this time excepting "vacant lands," and the natural privi- 
 leges which they possessed of the sounds and bays. For 
 the "vacant lands," Aaron Leaming, 2d, and Jacob Spicer, . 
 2d, were competitors, but as the latter overreached his col- 
 league he secured them. While they, two of the most pop- 
 ular men of that time, were opposed to each other at home 
 in consequence of their land speculations, yet when at Tren- 
 ton, as representatives of their county, they united their en- 
 ergies and were faithful and efficient public servants. In 
 the sale of lands by the West Jersey Society they always in- 
 
WEST JERSEY SOCIKl V KKJH'lS. 115- 
 
 eluded what was termed "vacant lands." Fifteen per centum 
 over what was actually purchased was conveyed for the 
 building of roads, and when these proposed roads were not 
 constructed the land became vacant. 
 
 On August 2, 1756, Jacob Spicer, 2d, also purchased of 
 the West Jersey Society (for £300) all the remain lands 
 and privileges of that organization in Cape May county, 
 consisting of uplands, beaches, swamps, savannahs, cripples, 
 marshes, meadows, oyster beds, oyster grounds, clam flats, 
 shores, bays, sounds, thoroughfares, creeks, guts, rivulets, 
 brooks, runs, streams, pools and ponds of water, and finally 
 all fast lands and waters, etc., woods, trees, mines, minerals, 
 royalties, quarries, hawkings, huntings, fishing, fowling, 
 etc." Dr. Maurice Beesley says: 
 
 '"It has been handed down that Spicer obtained the grant 
 for the proprietary right in Cape May, of Dr. Johnson, 
 agent of the society at Perth Amboy, at a time when the in- 
 fluence of the wine bottle had usurped the place of reason, 
 or he could not have obtained it for so inconsiderable a sum 
 as three hundred pounds: and that the Doctor, sensible he 
 had betrayed the trust reposed in him, left the society at his 
 death a thousand pounds as a salvo." 
 
 Spicer, while a man who believed in thrift, had a sympa- 
 thetic side to his nature, which is revealed by a record in his 
 diary, under date of October 6, 1756, concerning the result 
 of a missionary meeting. It reads: "We the subscribers do 
 promise to pay the Rev. John Brainard, missionary among 
 the Indians at Cranbery, or to his order, the sum affixed to 
 our names for the purchase of lands for the uses of the mis- 
 sionary society: Charles Read, £2 14s.; Jacob Spicer, £2 os.; 
 Joseph Yard, £1 17s.; Robert Ogden, £3; Stephen Cresse,. 
 ii los." 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 JACOB 8PICKR AND HIS ;SAYING.S. 
 
 The accounts of the treasurer of the division of West Jer- 
 sey for the year 1754 show that Aaron Learning on April 
 2"] turned in a bundle of canceled money from Cape May to 
 the amounts of i 154:02:06, i 1:0:0, and October 21, £1:17:6, 
 and that Jeremiah Leaming paid for the support of the gov- 
 ernment, November 24, taxes amounting to £33:08:04, and 
 on the same date other money, viz., £25:11:05!. During 
 the same year Leaming and Spicer, who were members 
 then of the Legislature, received on April 15 these amounts: 
 Leaming, £22:10:0; Spicer, £33:10:0. 
 
 In 1754 the French and Indian War broke out on the 
 frontier of the English colonies and lasted until 1763. It 
 was to decide the question whether France or England 
 should rule over the American continent. The English out- 
 numbered the French colonists ten to one, but the latter 
 got possession of the two chief rivers of the country — the 
 St. Lawrence and the Mississippi. To clinch their hold they 
 built fort after fort, until by this date, 1754, they had a chain 
 of them extending from Quebec, in Canada, to the Great 
 Lakes, and thence down the Wabash, the IlHnois and the 
 Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. The principal scenes of 
 the conflicts of this war, in which the English were finally 
 successful, were upon the Ohio River and the Canadian 
 borders. 
 
 Matters looked so serious just at this period that a con- 
 vention of the northern colonies met at Albany to consider 
 what mode of defense should be made. Most of the Indians 
 were aiding the French, but the Iroquois Indians, who were 
 staunch friends of the English, sent some of their tribe to 
 the convention and warned them that if the colonists did 
 not take up arms the French would drive every English- 
 man out of the countrv. This same vear the Assemblv of 
 
JACOB SriCKK AND HIS SAVl.XlJS. 117 
 
 New Jersey passed a bill making current £70,000 in bills of 
 credit for a fund to asyst in dispossessing the French on. 
 the frontier near the Ohio River, and Cape May's share in 
 this expense was f 1002, the raising of which was given in 
 charge of the Loan Office Commissioners, who were to have 
 an annual salary of £10. The bills, when paid by the colony,, 
 were to be cut and burned. 
 
 West Jersey was to furnish sixty men to go to the New 
 York frontier, but whether Cape May sent any we do not 
 have record to show. But we find that Aaron Learnings 
 with two other non-residents of the county, as a Colony 
 Committee, was paid £171:10:0 to transport Captain Wood- 
 ward's company and others, and for clothing for the same. 
 This was New Jersey's first expedition. Aaron Learning 
 was during the period quartermaster-general of the prov 
 ince. 
 
 The next year England sent over General Braddock tO' 
 operate on the Ohio, and the Jersey troops were sent north, 
 into New York and destined for Eastern Canada. At home- 
 in Cape ]\Iay there were faithful Lenni-Lenapes, who were 
 free from barbarities. Jacob Spicer, who was appointed by 
 the colony commissioner for purchasing provisions for five 
 hundred troops on the Canadian expedition, rallied the peo- 
 ple of Cape May "to meet the great demand of the time,"' 
 and demanded "a thousand pounds of stockings"' " for our 
 men in the field." Concerning the feeling in the county at 
 the beginning of this last inter-colonial contest, Jacob Spi- 
 cer. in his diary, under date of November i. 1755, says: 
 
 "Attended the Baptist meeting house according to prom- 
 ise, to receive the advice of my constituents upon the sub- 
 ject of the Governor's calling the Assembly. It was expect- 
 , ed he would insist on great matters to be done for the de- 
 fense of the country, but so trivial was this affair that only 
 Messrs. James Whilldin. Jeremiah Hand. Thomas Leaming, 
 John Leonard, and some others, to the number of eight or 
 ten, attended, whereas but a short time before I happened 
 to be riding past by ye Court House on a court day and saw 
 a great number of people, by estimation not less than 200,. 
 which to all appearances were drawn by idle curiosity, or 
 trifling speculation. It is not astonishing that man dignified 
 
118 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 by nature should esteem himself so little as to pass his time 
 in trifling speech, pitching of a bar, throwing of a stone, 
 hopping, jumping, dancing, running, and at the same time 
 not think himself obliged to attend to the defense of his 
 country, or his exemption from debt bondage." 
 
 In March the following officers were appointed to com- 
 mand a regiment of foot: Henry Young, colonel; Ebenezer 
 Swain, lieutenant-colonel; Jeremiah Learning, major; John 
 Shaw, adjutant; and the officers of the company for the 
 ''Lower Precinct" were Silaw Shaw, captain; Jeremiah Hand, 
 lieutenant, and Daniel Swain, ensign; while those to com- 
 mand the officers of the "Upper Precinct" were Jacob Hand, 
 captain; Lewis Cresse, lieutenant, and Jacob Richardson, 
 ensign. On November 12 the order w^as given to Nicholas 
 Gibbon to have the Cumberland and Cape May company 
 ready. 
 
 For the clothing and feedmg of the '"Second Expedition" 
 {probably to Canada), according to the accounts of the col- 
 ony's treasurer, Jacob Spicer received these sums at the 
 several times as recited: 
 
 1755. — Sept. 27. — "for cloathes," £768:12:00. 
 
 Oct. 6. — "for cloathes," £574:02:06. 
 
 Oct. 18. — "for cloathes," £55:07:00. 
 
 Nov. 5. — "for provisions." £753:15:00. 
 
 Dec. 5. — "for provisions," £573:15:00. 
 
 Dec. 17. — "for supplies," £544:00:6. 
 
 1756. — March 5. — "for tents, kettles, &c.," £526:10:00. 
 
 March 29. — "for ," £25:00:0. 
 
 May 4. — "for lead, &c.," £100:00:00. 
 
 Samuel Smith, treasurer of West Jersey, reports of having 
 received from Jeremiah Leaming. collector, by the hands 
 of Josiah Hand, on November 22, 1755, the two separate 
 sums of £25:11:05=] and £50:02:06. as Cape May's share for 
 the support of the government. This year Cape May lands, 
 by law, were not to be valued above 20 nor below 5 acres to 
 the £100. The share of the colony assessment was fixed at 
 £25:11:051. This year Jacob Spicer received £27:18:00, 
 and Aaron Leaming received £15:18:00 for their services 
 in attendance as members of the General Assembly. 
 
 The agitation for a punishment of those who sold "strong 
 
JACOH Sl'ICKK AM) lllS SAVINGS. 119 
 
 ♦drink" to the Indians culminated in the General Assembly's 
 passage of an act in 1757, imposing a penalty upon such of- 
 fenders. Spicer and Leaming were supporters of the meas- 
 ure. Spicer also had his opinions upon the too liberal use of 
 liquor among the white people, too, and this is what he says 
 ^bout the habit in his diary, under date of July 16, 1756: 
 
 "I am informed that within two months past Henry Hand 
 and Thomas Walker. James Reney and Marcy Ross, 
 brought each of them into the Lower precinct a hogshead 
 ■of rum. Hand's and Walker's is expended, and it is sup- 
 posed that Reney and Ross have sold between them i hhd. 
 ^n two months, consequently 18 in a year in the Lower pre- 
 cinct. But as it has been harvest time and the consumption 
 .something greater than common, the rate is. say, 12 hhds. 
 In a year to the Lower precinct, or 1200 gallons, which at a 
 -moderate retail price of three shillings and six pence per 
 -gallon, is £210 per year in cash, a larger sum than ever I 
 liave received in money for goods both wet and dry, since I 
 liave traded in the said precinct, upwards of two years. 
 
 "So that it's not the dry goods, but the rum is our hurt, 
 since it is frequently bartered for the industry of the popu- 
 lace, and sold for long credit." 
 
 While Spicer was a merchant he did much farming, and 
 on July 5, 1757, he made the following note of the yield of 
 ■corn on one of his fields: "I planted if acres of Indian corn 
 in the orchard near my dwelling and it was esteemed good, 
 especially near the house, and it yielded by measure but 2"] 
 bushels of good and (i\ do. of offal corn, being 33I bushels 
 in the whole, and at the rate of 17 bushels per acre, good 
 and bad together. I am much at loss to reconcile what I 
 have sometimes heard with respect to the greater yield of 
 corn. I am sure 20 bushels per acre ma}' be esteemed very 
 good corn." 
 
 The knitting of mittens in those days occupied all the 
 spare moments of the housewives and the ambitious maid- 
 en, but a great deal of the encouragement of the develop- 
 ment of this industry is given to the wife of the eminent 
 Benjamin Franklin. 
 
 Mrs. Franklin sent down to one of the fair daughters of 
 the neighborhood of Cold Spring a cap of the fashion then 
 
120 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 in vogue. It was worn to meeting. The other maidens" 
 saw it and wanted caps Hke it. The people saw in it an op- 
 portunity to knit mittens and send them up to the "'village 
 on the Delaware," to exchange for caps and gaudy ribbons. 
 
 The effect of Mrs. Franklin's gift cannot be better ex- 
 plained than by the reading of a letter which Dr. Franklin, 
 sent to Benjamin \'aughan from Passy. France, on July 26,. 
 1748. while discoursing "on the benefits and evils of lux- 
 ury." The letter in part said: 
 
 "The skipper of the Shallop, employed between Cape May 
 and Philadelphia, had done us some service for which he 
 refused to be paid. My wife, understanding he had a daugh- 
 ter, sent her a present of a new-fashioned cap. Three years 
 afterward this skipper, being at my house with an old farm- 
 er of Cape May, his passenger, he mentioned the cap and 
 how much his daughter had been pleased with it. 'But,' 
 said he, 'it proved a dear cap to our congregation.' How so? 
 'When my daughter appeared with it at meeting it was sO' 
 much admired that all the girls resolved to get such caps 
 from Philadelphia, and my wife and I computed that the 
 whole would not have cost less than £100.' 'True.' said the 
 farmer, 'but you do not tell all the story. I think the cap 
 was, nevertheless, an advantage to us, for it was the first 
 thing that put our girls upon knitting worsted mittens for 
 sale at Philadelphia that they might have wherewithal to 
 buy caps and ribbons there, and you know that that industry 
 has continued and is likely to continue and increase to a. 
 much greater value and answer better purposes.' Upon the 
 whole, I was more reconciled to this little piece of luxury^ 
 since not only the girls were made happier by having fine 
 caps but Philadelphians by the supply of warm mittens." 
 
 I" ^756 Jacob Spicer advertised to barter goods for all 
 kinds of produce and commodities, and among the rest par- 
 ticularly designated wampum. He offered a reward of £5 
 to the person that should manufacture the most wampum, 
 and advertised: "I design to give all due encouragement to 
 the people's industry, not only by accepting cattle, sheep 
 and staple commodities in a course of barter, but also a 
 large quantity of mittens will be taken, and indeed a clam- 
 shell formed in wampum, a yarn thrum, a goose quill, a 
 
JACOB SriCEK AM) HIS SAYIX<;S. 121 
 
 horse hair, a ho^'s bristle, or a grain of mustard srid, if 
 tendered, shall not escape my reward, being greatly desirous 
 to encourage industry, as it is one of the most principal ex- 
 pedients under the favor of Heaven, that can revive our 
 drooping circumstances at this time of uncommon but 
 great and general burden." 
 
 In his household, according to his records, he had a mi- 
 nutely systematic way of business. Under the superinten- 
 dence of a tailor, tailoress and shoemaker the apparel of his- 
 family was made. The sons were taught to cobl)le shoes,,, 
 the daughters to make clothing and knit. In 1757 Sjjicer 
 speaks thusly in his diary of his household expenses: 
 
 "It is conceived that £14 13s. 4d., as above estimated^ 
 will be adequate to furnish all the boys with leather for 
 breeches, a vest for Elisha, a coat and vest for Jack, calico' 
 for long and short gowns for all the girls, stripe linen and 
 stripe linsey for short gowns and petticoats for the said 
 girls, and a tanuny quilt for Judith, for defraying of which 
 £14 13s. 4d. — 220 pairs of mittens at i6d. per pair, will he- 
 needed, which will require 44 pounds of wool, whi(di will 
 take 44 days" work of two girls to spin, and I'll pay f(^r that 
 or hire equivalent in the knitting if the girls will do the re- 
 mainder of the service. 
 
 "I must pursue the following maxims invariably for the 
 present year. I must fabricate 220 pairs of mittens, and for 
 the present and future year, if I live, I must supply my boys 
 with leather for winter breeches; about £3 8s. will be suffi- 
 cient to furnish them all — 24 pounds of grey skin at 2s. per 
 pound, and 2s. 6d. for dressing and freight of each skin,, 
 supposed to consist of 8 skins, tho' I think summac red or 
 short grey will be most profitable to buy as the hair is al- 
 tuost nothing, whicii is not so when the skin is fully coated. 
 
 "In the next place I must buy my leather and heels, and 
 spin my shoe thread, and have all my shoes made up in the 
 house, for I find if I even hire 'em made out, find my leath- 
 er, the shoemaker gains, in all probability a profit. of 3s. on 
 the leather of a man's pair of shoes, waste in cutting ex- 
 cepted, for which I should think 4d. a large allowance, and 
 the scraps of sole leather may be converted into lists; and' 
 an eye may be seen to the cutting, and the thiead niav be 
 
122 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 had from tlie family labour. And when I am shoeing my 
 family it is requisite to supply each individual with two pairs, 
 to prevent shoes being worn too green. And as a farther 
 advantage in purchasing my leather, I can at all times take 
 ■care that it l>e of good quality, and by having it made up 
 together and in my house will avoid the loss of time in run- 
 ning after the same; and so I should get one of the boys in- 
 structed so as to mend shoes, to save money and prevent 
 loss of time. The shoemaker should be obliged to do his 
 ■day's work or pay for his board. 
 
 "In the next place I should hire by taylor and Tayloress 
 in the house, and oblige my girls to assist in the service, for 
 by this means my diet and female service will become a part 
 of the Taylor's bill; besides, their day's wages, as far as I 
 can discern, are not proportionate to the sum in gross they 
 ask for their service, and having the clothes made at home 
 and together there may be an oversight of the cloth and 
 
 ■ cut, and the loss of time in going to have clothes taken 
 measure for and tried on. 
 
 "The best time of hiring I think is such seasons of the 
 year when the weather is not so cold as to need a fire. 
 
 "In the next place it will be requisite to consult a black- 
 smith to know what allowance he will make for iron and 
 :steel. 
 
 "Daniel Harcourt informs me that mittens sell for 3s. 
 .and stockings at 7s. York money, at Albany, without any 
 regard to the colour, and many of 'em ordinary too — but 
 wampum will not sell since the reduction of Oswego, before 
 that it was in great demand, equal if not superior to silver 
 in value, and there were 60 or 70 wampum shops in Albany." 
 What he charged himself with under the head of "wets" 
 would now be considered expensive. In a year he charged 
 himself with using "fifty-two gallons rum, ten do wine, and 
 two barrels cyder." 
 
 He gives us the following estimate of the resources and 
 
 ■ consumption of the county in the year 1758: 
 
 "And as my family consists of twelve in number, includ- 
 ing myself, it amounts to each individual ij 3s. 8id. annual 
 •consumption of foreign produce and manufacture. But 
 ;perhaps the populace in general may not live at a propor- 
 
.TACOH SlM('i:U AM) HIS SAVINCS. 12.'} 
 
 ti'onate expense with my family. I'll only suppose their for- 
 eign consumption may stand at £4 to ati individual, as the 
 -county consisted of I too souls in the year 1746. since which 
 time it has increased; then the consumption of this county 
 • of foreign manufacture and ])roduce. will stand at £4400 an- 
 nually, nearly one-half of which will be linens. 
 
 "'"'['he stock article of the county is about £1200 
 
 There is at least ten boats belonging to the county 
 which carry oysters: and admit they make three 
 trips fall and three trips spring, each, and carry 
 100 bushels each trip, that makes 6000 bushels at 
 
 what they neat 2s. per bushel 600 
 
 There is 14 pilots, which at £30 per annum 420 
 
 -llitten articles for the present year 500 
 
 'Cedar posts 300 
 
 White Cedar lumber 500 
 
 Add for boards 200 
 
 Pork and gammons 200 
 
 Deer skins and venison hams 120 
 
 Furs and feathers 100 
 
 Hides and tallow 120 
 
 Flax seed, neats' tongues, bees' wax and myrtle. ... 80 
 
 'Tar 60 
 
 Coal 30 
 
 ^4430 
 
 Annual consumption of county £4400 
 
 -Add public taxes 1 60 
 
 For a Presbyterian minister 60 
 
 For a Baptist minister 40 
 
 -Education of youth 90 
 
 Doctor for man and beast 100 
 
 £4850 
 
 £420 
 
 Tn arrear £420, to be paid by some uncertain fund. 
 
 or left as a debt." 
 
 It appears by the above statement, the mitten article of 
 trade in 1758 amounted to the sum of £500, which was quite 
 ra reward to the female industrv of the countv. 
 
-IL'4 HISTORY OF CATE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 On June 28, 1758, he says: "Mr. Caleb Newton and hi?, 
 wife propose to deal with nie for a large number of mit- 
 tens, 200 pairs and upwards. I told them if they were of 
 extra quality I would giv^ 18 pence in barter." 
 
 In another place he advertises for a thousand pounds of.' 
 woolen stockings to supply the army, then in war with the- 
 French. Concerning stockings which sold the best, he 
 wrote on July 5, 1757, that "Dark blue, light blue, and clear 
 white, if large and fine, are the stockings that will sell best. 
 Had mine been of that color they would have sold, the gen- 
 erality of people preferring a knit stocking to a wove one. 
 They wash stockings in soap lather and draw them on a 
 stocking board, which gives them that tine proportion and 
 gloss they generally leave." 
 
 Spicer succeeded in procuring a quantity of the wampum,, 
 and before sending it ofif to Albany, and a market, weighed 
 a shot-bag full of silver coin and the same shot-bag full of 
 wampum, and found the latter most valuable by ten per 
 cent. The black wampum was most esteemed by the In- 
 dians, the white being of little value. 
 
 He wrote, June 14, 1758: 
 
 "Told Enos Schillinks that while I trade I would venture 
 to take 3o£ value in wampum for such goods as I have wet 
 and dry, and would endeavor to help him to provision if I 
 conveniently could, and would sulifer with him till his debt 
 is paid to take out one-half of all such wampum as he should 
 bring in supply of his wants." And on the same day he 
 wrote: "I'll take in discount or barter a large quantity of 
 wampum, both white and black, if offered and good in 
 quality, such as the pattern left with Mr. Leek and here ex- 
 plained: It must be small, round and smooth, with square 
 ends not broken. The black must be clear black without 
 white spots or threads interspersed, which lessens the value 
 and renders it unsalable, for it can't be too black, and it 
 must be strung 100 on a string, with a little tuft of red at 
 the ends when tied together." 
 
 Thompson, in his history of Long Island, page 60, saysr 
 "The immense quantity which was manufactured here may" 
 account for the fact that, in the most extensive shell banks 
 left bv the Indians, it is rare to find a whole shell; having- 
 
.TA<'OH SPICEi: AND HIS SAV1.\(;S. 125 
 
 all been broken in the process of making the wampum." 
 
 Connntnting' upon this Dr. Decsley says: "This curious 
 fact applies especially to Cape May, where large deposits 
 of shells are to l)e seen, mostly contiguous to the bays and 
 sounds; yet it is rare to see a piece larger tlian a shilling, 
 and these mostly the white part of the shell, the black hav- 
 ing been selected for wampum." 
 
 \\'riting of spinning on l'"ebruary 22, 1757, he noted that 
 "It seems to be an advantageous way of spinning our on 
 linen wheel if it be patched over on the back of the hatchel. 
 If spun this way it will answer for warp, and may be boiled 
 as linen yarn, the twist being harder — but if spun on the 
 great wheel will only answer for filling." 
 
 Concerning the sizes of dwellings, and their cost in those 
 days, Spicer, on the same day, WTOte: "John Mackey's house 
 is 40x20, single story, with a hip, for which Joseph Edwards 
 is to get the timber, frame cover, make the window frames, 
 sashes, put the lights in, make the outside doors, and lay 
 the floors, for i6i, and find himself and w^orkmen, Mackey 
 to find the lath sawed and shingle fit for covering." 
 
 In the last three years of the reign of King George II, 
 which ended in 1760, the laws passed by the Colonial As- 
 sembly show that b\- act of 28 George II, Aaron Leaming 
 was appointed one of the provision commissioners to equip 
 five hundred men or "well afifected Indians," to proceed to 
 Crown Point, and that Cape May was to assist for three 
 years in the expedition at £83:10:10^ per annum. By 
 act of 29 George II, Jacob Spicer was made sole Commis- 
 sioner for West Jersey to supply forces under Colonel Peter 
 Schuyler. By an act of 31 George II, John Johnson was 
 authorized to purchase stores in England for the protection 
 of the colony. Cape May was to receive out of this pur- 
 chase 33 guns, T,2) pounds of powder, 132 pounds of lead and 
 332 flints. 
 
 By act of 32nd, George II, Jacob Spicer was named as 
 one of the commission to settle Indian claims, which v/ere 
 to be regulated by lottery. On October 8, 1758, the con- 
 ference began at Easton. Pa., at which were Governor Ber- 
 nard and the five commissioners. Their object was that 
 of extinguishing the Indian title in the State. The result 
 
126 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 was a formal release by the Indians of all the Jersey lands"- 
 claimed by them, excepting the natural right to hunt and 
 fish in unsettled lands. The jMinisink and Wapping In- 
 dians of all their lands for iiooo. Among the lands 
 claimed by the Indians were the following tracts in Cape 
 May and Egg Harbor: 
 
 "One claimed by Isaac Still, from the mouth of the Gr^t 
 Egg Harbor River to the head branches thereof, on the 
 east side, so to the road that leads to Great Egg Harbor;. 
 so along the road to the seashore, except Tuckahoe, and the- 
 Somers, Steelman and Scull places." 
 
 "Jacob Mullis claims the pine lands on Edge Pillock 
 Branch and Goshen Neck Branch, where Benjamin Spring- 
 er and George Marpole's mill stands, and all the land be- 
 tween the head branches of those creeks, to where the: 
 waters join or meet." 
 
 "Abraham Logues claims the cedar swamp on the eaSt 
 side of Tuckahoe Branch, which John Champion and Peter 
 Campbell have or had in possession." 
 
 "Also, Stuypson's island, near Delaware River." 
 
 The troubles, perplexities and trials the members of As- 
 sembly endured previous to the Revolution, in visiting the 
 seat of government at Amboy and Burlington, to attend the 
 public service, cannot in this age of railroads and steam be 
 appreciated or realized. A single illustration will suffice- 
 for all. Aaron Leaming gives an account of his journej 
 to Amboy in 1759. on horseback, as follows: 
 
 "March 3d. Set out from home; lodged at Tarkil; ar- 
 rived at Philadelphia on the 5th. On the 6th, rid to Bur- 
 lington. 7th. Extremely cold; rid to Crosswicks, and 
 joined company with Mr. Miller; rid to Cranberry, where 
 we overtook Messrs. Hancock, Smith and Clement (of 
 Salem), who had laid up all day by reason of the cold. 8th. 
 Got to Amboy. 17th. Had the honor to dine with his ex- 
 cellency governor Bernard, with more members of the 
 house. It was a plentiful table; but nothing extraordinary. 
 The cheese he said was a Gloucestershire cheese; was a. 
 present to him, and said that it weighed 105 pounds wheia? 
 he first had it. He savs it's the collected milk of a whole 
 
.TAt'OH SriCKU AM> HIS SAYlN<iS. 127 
 
 village that makes these cheeses, each one nu-asuring in 
 their milk, and taking its value in cheese. 
 
 "igtli. Left Amboy for home. 20th. Rid to Cranl)erry,. 
 and lodged at Dr. Stites'. 25th. Arrived honjc." 
 
 In July, 1761, he attended the Assembly at Hurlingtoni 
 on the 6th, and broke up on the 8th, and says: "July 9th.. 
 I set out homeward, nth. Got home having been ex- 
 tremely unwell, occasioned by the excessive heat. Almost 
 ever since 1 went away, the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th, were the 
 hottest days by abundance that ever I was acquainted with."" 
 "vSept. 3d. A rain fell five inches on a level. The lower 
 end of Cape May has been so dry that there will not be but 
 one-third of a crop of corn — here it is wet enougfi the whole 
 season." 
 
 "14th. Went a fishing and caught thirty-nine sheeps- 
 head." 
 
 In the records of Pennsylvania Memuc au Hughes, of 
 Cape May, is recorded as having been commissioned on 
 May 2, 1759, a lieutenant, he having enlisted and become 
 an ensign on the 20th of April. He served in Captain.^ 
 Johnson's company, belonging to Pennsylvania artillery,, 
 the regiment being Hon. William Denny's. 
 
 In the company of Pennsylvania militia which was mus- 
 tered to serve for the campaign in the lower counties in that 
 State, under Captain McClaughan, was Eleazer Colden^ 
 of Cape May, aged 34, who was a sailor by occupation, and 
 enlisted April 25. 1758. 
 
 About the vear 1760 there were numerous boats tradfrrg" 
 from the county to Oyster Bay, L. I., and Rhode Island and 
 Connecticut, carrying cedar lumber mostly; and others to- 
 Philadelphia, with oysters and produce of various kinds. 
 Spicer shipped considerable quantities of corn, which he 
 purchased of the people in the way of trade and cash, and 
 forwarded to a market. He owned a vessel which he oc- 
 sionally sent to the West Indies. 
 
 On March i, 1760, Spicer wrote in his diary tliat "This 
 day agreed with James Mickel for a year's services, to com- 
 mence when time expires with Reuben Ludlam, to be paid 
 h?lf in cash and the other half in goods at cash prices, and 
 for the year, but if in any part employed by tandi and part 
 
128 HLSTOliY OF CAPP^ MAY COUNTY. 
 
 by water along; the coast, inckuiiiio- North Carolina and up 
 the Delaware, then to have eighteen pounds for the year's 
 services, but if he proceeds from North Carolina and thence 
 to the West Indies when at home, or can send his linen 
 and other clothes then to leave his washing. He is to attend 
 to such various business as I shall need to employ him by 
 .sea or land. If he is fully employed on land to have sixteen 
 pounds, he is to have twenty pounds for the year's ser- 
 vices." The cost of vessels in those days can be approxi- 
 mated by reading Spicer's experience recorded March 23, 
 1761: "Richard Willard, of Philadelphia, ship carpenter, 
 told me he would build a vessel of 35 feet keel, i6i feet 
 beam, 6^ feet hold, for £yo, and find the material. Besides 
 he v»'ould set the mast, make the bulk head, cal)in floor and 
 quarter rail in tlie bargain." 
 
 In his diary Spicer made the following references to Cape 
 Island, now Cape May City: 
 
 Feb. 25, 1761: — "Agreed to let David Whilldin have pas- 
 turage on the Island for a horse from the middle of April to 
 the ist of November for 15 shillings." 
 
 May 13, 1761: — "Granted leave to Elizabeth Stevens to 
 pasture a creature on the Island for a month, at the same 
 rate David Whilldin gives." The time was afterwards en- 
 larged. 
 
 Jan. 4, 1762: — "Agreed with Salanthiel Foster for the 
 small house on the Island, the privilege of keeping two cows 
 and calves, and have dry or decayed wood, to be taken from 
 the Neck farm for one year, for the sum of four poimds." 
 
 Feb. 2, 1750: — "Applied to Mr. Thomas Fland, inform- 
 ing him that it did not suit me to sell the Island, but if he 
 wanted the m-one\- ui)on six months' notice he should have 
 it, which was according to his promise, there being those 
 that are obliged to make it up when he needs it." 
 
 In 1761 the total number of persons in the conntv who 
 voted were 225. Aaron Learning in his diary says: 
 
 "March 13, 1761, the election of Representatives began, 
 and on the 14th it was ended, vvhen the poll was: Jacob 
 Spicer, 72; Aaron Leaming, 112; Joseph Corson, 41. Whole 
 amount of votes polled, 225. Spicer and Leaming elected." 
 
 Spicer's popularity was waning, and he, at this time, was 
 
.lACDH SlMCKi: AM> IIlS SAVINGS. 129 
 
 being' severely coiulenined hy the peoj^Ie for what they be- 
 lieved were a usurpation of their rights in purchasing the 
 natural rights of the West Jersey Societ}-. He was pub- 
 licly arraigned by the peo])le; the following account being 
 from his own pen : 
 
 "Went to hear myself arraigned b\" Mr. Leaming and 
 others before the i)ublick, at the i'resljyterian Meeting- 
 house, for Inlying the Society's Estate at Cape May, and 
 at the same time desired to know whether 1 would sell or 
 not. I said not. He then threatened !.^ie with a suit in 
 chancerv to compel me to abide by the first association, 
 though the people had declined it, and many of the original 
 subscribers had dashed out their names. I proposed to 
 abide the suit and told him he might commence it. If I 
 should see a bargain to my advantage, then I told the peo- 
 ple I should l)e inclined to sell them the natural privileges, 
 if I should advance myself equally otherwise; but upon no 
 other footing whatever, of which I would be the judge." 
 
 The following is Aaron Leaming's version of the affair: 
 
 "March 26th, 1761. — About forty people met at the Pres- 
 b\terian Meeting-house to ask Tvlr. Spicer if he purchased 
 th€ Society's reversions at Cape May for himself or for the 
 people. He answers he bought it for himself; and upon 
 asking him whether he will rekase to the people, he re- 
 fuses, and openly sets up his claim to the oysters, to Basses' 
 titles, and other deficient titles, and to a resurvey, where- 
 upon the people broke up in great confusion, as they have 
 been for some considerable time past." 
 
 "Mr. Spicer says that his deed for the Society's reversions 
 to Cape May bears date the 2d day of August, 1756." 
 
 But this aflfair did not seem to trouble Spicer so very 
 much, because in his diary on April 4th following, he wrote: 
 
 "Told John Stevens, Esq., that I was willing to be con- 
 cerned with him in purchasing the 70,000 acres of the So- 
 ciety's lands, provided on inquiry I can find it will answer, 
 of which I am to acquaint him by way of Philadelphia, un- 
 der the care of Richard Stevens, as also what price I think 
 may be given of which Mr. Johnson may advise his con- 
 stituents and know whether they will approve thereof. This 
 tract lies under great advantage. Some doubts may arise 
 
130 HIS1X)RY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY.. 
 
 whether the council of proprietors will admit of taking ofll 
 the rights, nor can any person, I am well assured, afford to- 
 give for the land as located the price of rights, and were the 
 rights even taken off it would be a great doubt whether suchi 
 a quantity would ever sell, or if they would it can't be ex- 
 pected in any short time. I understand by Mr. Stevens . 
 that Doctor Johnson has asked £3000 for the lands that, 
 won't answer, I am well assured." 
 
 In June following he ofifered them his whole landed es- 
 tate and tlie natural privileges in the county, excepting his; 
 farm in Cold vSpring Neck, and a right for his family in the, 
 privileges, for £7000, which offer was declined. 
 
 His diary, June 4. says: "Told Mr. Joseph Corson 1 
 would sell the publick if they please all my estate in Cape- 
 May for £7000, taking some of their substantial men jointly- 
 and severally for ni}- security in a bond drawing interest 
 from date, reserving my Long Neck and March adjacent 
 about 400 acres, a natural privilege for myself and posterity,, 
 in common with the rest of the communit}-, and limiting the 
 time of this offer to six months, if not overheard in that 
 time I am to be at liberty." On December 22, that year^ 
 he made the same offer to Jeremiah Ludlam. 
 
 He further states: "Mr. James Godfrey, in behalf of the- 
 Upper PVecinct, applied to me to purchase the natural priv- 
 ileges in that precinct. I told him I should be glad to^ 
 gratify that precinct; and please myself also; and could I 
 see a good foreign piu'chase, and thereby exchange a storm 
 for a calm, to equal advantage to my posterity, I should 
 think it advisable; and in that case, if I sold, I should by all 
 means give the public a preference, but at present did not 
 incline to sell. I remarked to him this was a delicate affair, 
 that I did not know well how to conduct myself, for I was 
 willing to please the people, and at the same time to do my 
 posterity justice, and steer clear of reflection. Recollecting, 
 that old Mr. George Taylor, to the best of my memory, ob- 
 tained a grant for the Five-Mile Beach and the Two-Mile 
 Beach, and, if I mistake not, the cedar-swamps and pines, 
 for his own use and his son John Taylor reconveyed it for 
 about £9, to buy his wife Margery a calico gown, for which 
 he was derided for his simplicity." 
 
JACOB SriCER AND HIS SAVINGS. 131 
 
 He said, November i8, 1761: "Mr. Nathanel Foster de- 
 sired to lease Jarvis sounds. I told him if he wouldn't stand 
 between me and the people in point of blame I would, which- 
 he said he would do." 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 AAKON LEAM1N(J AND HIS TIMES. 
 Some extracts of the most interesting portions of Aaron 
 Learning's diary for the year, 1761, are here given: 
 
 "BurHngton, January i, 1761. The Assembly having 
 provided for the* pay of the New Jersey Regiment for No- 
 vember last and appointed me to make that month's pay (see 
 Memoirs for December, 1760), we are now proceeding to 
 make payment. 
 
 "January i, 1761. Rid to Mount Holly, this being a pay 
 day there. 
 
 ''January 2. Last night we lodged at Mr. Read's, this 
 morning I paid Mr. Read 30s. for N. P. John Bancroft. Rid 
 to Burlington. 
 
 "Jan. 3 (page torn) returned to Burlington & lodged. 
 
 "January 4th 1761 rid to the ferry but it was after Sun- 
 set when we got over. Lodged at Mr. Cox at Moorestown. 
 
 "January 5. rid to Gloucester spent in making payment. 
 
 "uih Bougiit a p loots, they belonged to Mr. Jacob 
 Clements I i)aid Mr Hugg 47s. for them. Rid to Capn 
 Comrans & Jan 7ih To Salem. 
 
 "Jany 8 Spent making payment. 
 
 "January 9th 1761 rid to Cohansie bridge. 
 
 "January loth 176 1 Spent at Cohansy Bridge making 
 paymt. =i< * * * 
 
 "Jan II I rid to Tarkill. 
 
 "January 12th Got home. I have been gone ever since 
 28 of October about 76 days." 
 
 "Feb 17, 1761 Upon Viewing Mr Murr's account I find 
 we gave him 6s 6 for binding each of the New Jersey Con- 
 stitution books. 
 
 "March 26. 1761 — I set out for Amboy yesterday. 
 
 "March 28 — Rid to Burlington. 
 
 "29 — Set out in company with several Lodged at Cran- 
 berry. 
 
AAKON LKA.MI.\(J AM) IIIS I'l.MES. 13^ 
 
 "30 — got to Aniboy and was qualified in ye house. 
 "Extract of Mr. Thomas Eatton's accts. 
 
 bro't forward 3927 10 o 
 
 To my Commissions @ 5 p Cent 196 7 6 
 
 To my Commissions on 540t paid by the 
 
 Conmiissioners 27 
 
 To further Conmiissions 2 2 
 
 223 9 8 
 deduct for ve Comrs of 28 10 lost at ft. W'm 
 
 Henrv .'. 1 8 
 
 222 I 6 
 
 "April 8, 1761 — Rid to Burlington. 
 
 ■'April loth last night lodged at Mr Jno Coxe's, & to day 
 rid to Philada. 
 
 "Apri 12 — I came out of town. 14th was at ]*klr. Page's 
 and 15th I got home. 
 
 "1761. New Jersey (to raise) 600 (troops which was 2-3 
 of 1760 quota.) 
 
 "May 31, 1761 I set out from home to go to Philada to 
 buy a negro or two. 
 
 "June 2 got to Philada. 
 
 "Bought "Troy," of Willing Morris & Co.. for ^40. 
 
 "July 4, 1761, Set out to go to Burlington. 
 
 "6th Got to Burlington 
 
 "8 Broke up after passing a law to take 64 men &: 2 
 officers into pay out of our Regiment, their service to com- 
 mence the first of November 1761 & last a year; to have 3£ 
 bounty & the officers los p of money this Levy money 
 created a dispute. Wetherel & Spicer was uncommonly 
 harsh against allowing levy money, and the reasons they 
 assigned was the Poverty of Major McDonald who they 
 suggested is to have the command of the 64 men — & they 
 say is unworthy the reasons for it is that let who will enlist 
 the men they must give a Dollar to drink the Kings health, 
 that being so antient & established a custom that no soldier 
 ever pertends to enlist without it they pushed this matter in 
 a very uncommon manner — when we came to vote I pro- 
 posed a Dollar being the exact Sum we all knew must be 
 
lU HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 given, but the leading voters placed it at los and I was 
 forced to vote for the los or the voters for nothing would 
 have carried it — and that would have defeated the Service 
 & occasioned the Assembly to have been called again. 
 
 "9 of July 1 76 1. I set out homeward. 
 
 "Got home. " 
 
 Concerning the Baptist Church at Court House, Leam- 
 ing said: 
 
 "Oct 24, 1761, met and made arrangements for parson- 
 age, and pews always to be free. Wanted 62 acres Milli- 
 cent Young's for parsonage — iyi£. 1741 — undertook to 
 l)uild meeting house." 
 
 "Nov 6, 1 761 — Burned (branded) cattle on 5 mile beach, 
 Nummy island &; on 7 mile beach." 
 
 In the Assembly, on December 3, 1761, when a bill or 
 proposition was being passed upon imposing a duty on the 
 importation of slaves, which Leaming considered really 
 prohibitive, Leaming voted against it, while his colleague, 
 Spicer, voted for its passage. 
 
 In 1 76 1, by act of the Provincial Assembly, Wills' Creek 
 was ordered dammed to preserve the "marshes and cripple 
 swamps." A bank was ordered erected from the upland 
 of Thomas Smith to extend by the causeway then in exist- 
 ence, to the land of Nathan Hand. The managers were to 
 be selected on the first Tuesday of each September, at the 
 house of Thomas Smith. Smith and William GofT were ap- 
 pointed the first managers. Elihu Smith was appointed to 
 make the county assessment for the year, and Joseph Hild- 
 reth w^as to collect the taxes. That same year Jacob Spicer 
 was made one of the commissioners to provide aid for men 
 wounded in the service of King Gorge III in fighting the 
 French and Indians. 
 
 In 1762 Joseph Corson. Isaac Baner. John Mackey, 
 James Willets and "sundry other persons," had petitioned 
 for a toll bridge over Cedar Swamp Creek at Fast Landing. 
 And the Assembly passed a law for its building and a cause- 
 way. The following were the 
 
 Rates of toll: 
 
 AVaggon or ox-cart, with team and driver 6 pence. 
 
 Chaise or horse cart, passenger, horse, mare or gelding 
 
AAIJON LKAMIN(; AND HIS TIMI^S. 135 
 
 thereunto belonging 4 pence 
 
 Every passenger with horse, mare, gekhng 2 pence. 
 
 .Foot I pence. 
 
 Cattle &c., led over. Each i pence. 
 
 iSheep led over. Each i farth. 
 
 This road opened by way of Petersburg a more direct 
 •conmiunication with the upper part of the county. 
 
 March 22, 1762. Jacob Spicer and four others from other 
 •counties were appointed by the Assembly to "purchase con- 
 venient tract or tracts of lands" for the Indians who were 
 satisfied with the New Jersey government to settle upon. 
 'These were purchased in Burlington county and measured 
 .3000 acres, which extended to the seashore. The last In- 
 •dian of the descendants of these settlers died in December, 
 (1894. The same vear Jacob Spicer was chairman of the 
 -Assembly's commission to settle claims for damages incur- 
 Ted by the French and Indian war. 
 
 On December 8. 1762, Henry Young, Nathaniel Foster. 
 John Willetts. Nicholas Stillwell, Thomas Leaming. Joseph 
 Corson, John Leonard, Jonathan Smith, Jacob Hand, Dan- 
 iel Swane, Robert Parsons were commissioned to be Judges 
 ■ of the Common Pleas, while Henry Young was to be Judge 
 ■of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas, holding office dur- 
 ing pleasure. The same conmiission was granted to each 
 Nathaniel Foster, Nicholas Stillwell. William Smith and 
 John Willetts. 
 
 Clamming, as well as oystering, occupied the attention of 
 the inhabitants when there was no farming or other work 
 pressing them. The following petition w as presented to the 
 Royal Governor, which sets forth their grievances, as well 
 as shows who at that time were interested in the matter: 
 To his Excellency William Franklin. Esq., Captain General 
 and Governor-in-Chief in and over the province of New 
 Jersey, Chancellor and \'ice-Admiral in the same, and 
 'To the Houses of Council and Assembly for the said prov- 
 ince: 
 The petition of the inhabitants of the county of Cape May 
 humbly sheweth — 
 
 That the act for preserving oysters is of great advantage; 
 .l3Ut as it seems uncertain whether clams are included there- 
 
13(5 
 
 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY 
 
 in, strangers make so large a practice of gatliering and 
 carrying them away, that in some places where they are the 
 best, there are not enough to be found for the use of the 
 neighborhood, and as this evil is increasing, we beg leave 
 to solicit a law to prevent persons, who are not inhabitants 
 of this province, from gathering clams in or exporting them 
 out of this county. 
 
 And your petitioners, as in duty bound, will pray. 
 Dated Julv^i ith, 1763^ 
 
 Thomas Stites, 
 Thomas Hewet, 
 Robert Cresse, 
 Jonathan Cresse, 
 Nathaniel Foster, ESQ 
 Jacob Hand, ESQ 
 Henry Young, 
 James Whilldin, 
 Jonathan Smith, 
 James Edwards, 
 Thomas Smith, 
 Daniel Smith, 
 Jeremiah Ludlam, 
 Recompense Hand, 
 Jacob Hughes, 
 Christopher Church, 
 William Matthew, 
 John Chester, 
 Elihu Hand, 
 Downs Edmimds, 
 Ezekiel Cresse, 
 Joseph Hildreth, 
 
 Ephraim Llancroft, 
 Charles Hand, 
 William Simkins, 
 William GofT, 
 James Hildreth, 
 Nathaniel Shaw, 
 Shamgar Hand. 
 Daniel Hildreth. 
 Jedekiah Hughes, 
 Jonathan Mills. 
 John_Sh2^-, 
 Jonathan Stites, 
 Arthur Cresse. 
 James Cresse, 
 Silas Swain, 
 Henry Hand, 
 Henry Schellenger, 
 James Eldredge. 
 Jeremiah Mills, 
 Elijah Hughes, 
 Jeremiah Lcaming, 
 Gcorc:e Stites. 
 
 By this year the French and Indian W^ar was at an end, 
 and the results of i^ were the retirement of Frencli control 
 from North America, the unification of the colonists, the 
 training of thousands of men in the use of arms to face an 
 eneni}-, and the preparation for the War for Independence, 
 then not far from beginning, the removal of the need of the 
 British jrotection because the frontier foe had vanished, 
 and opeu'^d up the trend of thought toward a government 
 of themsclvt^s and bv themselves. The colonists were nearly 
 
AAKOX LEAMIXc; AM> HIS TI.MES. 137 
 
 all English speaking-, and nearly all Protestant, and of the 
 same social class from the mother country. They were 
 humble, upright and persevering, and one might believe, 
 almost ignorant of dangers. The foreign trade of the coun- 
 trv was prosperous. The mass of the people lived simi)ly, 
 but comfortable. There were but two really rich men in 
 the county — Spicer and Leaming, the latter, however, worth 
 nearly four times the former. 
 
 The farm houses were generally built of huge timbcrS;, 
 covered with rough, unpainted clapboards, mostl)' one ^tory. 
 Usuallv the centre of the houses were taken uj) with an 
 immense fireplace. On snapping cold winter nights tliere 
 was no more cheerful sight, however, than such a fireplace, 
 piled up full of blazing, burning wood, which had to be 
 gathered in the day time by much hard work. 
 
 The farmer bought little at the store. He raised his own 
 food; his sheep furnished v.-ool, and his v/ifc and daughters 
 spun and wove it into stout "homespun" cloth. The old 
 rags were saved, carefully washed, cut into strips and woven 
 into "rag carpet." For recreation there were sleighing and 
 skating parties in the winter and husking bees, wood -chop- 
 pings and hog-killings at other proper seasons. The three- 
 cornered cocked hats and knee breeches were worn. Travel 
 was by sail vessel or slow-going stages and "carry-alls." 
 Cape May had the stocks for punishment of criminals. 
 
 In 1763 a large number of the freeholders of the county 
 petitioned the vState Assembly for the ])rivilege of erecting- 
 a court house and jail on the plantation of Daniel Hand, in 
 Middletown, near his dwelling house. The petition was 
 granted and the cost was limited to £300. The reason given 
 by the petitioners was that the court house and jail were out 
 of repair, much too small and incommodiouslv sihiated. 
 In 1764 Hand, who was a grandson of Shamgar, deeded one 
 acre for the purpose, free of cost, and the building was 
 24x-^o feet, and lasted until 1849. 
 
 This Assembl}- decideil to raise £25,000 tax in the colony 
 in 1764. au'l Cape A^-v's share was apportioned at £4^/ 14^- 
 
 On Sei-)tember 17. 1765. Jacob Snirer. 2(\. died. With all 
 the many records here presented of his life as a public and 
 
138 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 private citizen, we have nothing after his birth, May, 1716, 
 to guide tis in relation to his early days. His father died 
 when he was a babe, and our first facts concerning this sec- 
 ond Spicer M'as when he became a member of the Legisla- 
 ture, in 1744, which offtce he held until he died, excepting 
 one year; tlie first in connection with ITenry Young, Esq., 
 .and riftcrw ards, until his demise, with /\aron Learning (sec- 
 •ond), Es(|.; being almost a moiety oi the time he lived. He 
 bore a prominent i)art in the proceedings and business of the 
 House, as the journals o? th.oSvi days fully prove. 
 
 He was a man of exemplary l-,abits. strong and vigorous 
 •imagination, and strictly faithful in his business relations with 
 his fellow-men, being punctilious to the uttermost farthing, 
 ,as his diary and accounts fully attest. He carried system 
 into all the ramifications of business; nothing too small to 
 escape the scrutiny of his active mind, nothing so large that 
 it did not intuitively embrace. He married Judith Hughes, 
 daughter of Humphrey Hughes, Esq., who died in 1747; 
 and in 1751 he married Deborah Hand Leaming, widow of 
 Christopher Leaming. The written marriage agreement 
 which he entered into with the said Deborah Leaming, be- 
 fore consummating matrimony, is indicative of much sound 
 sense and discriminating judgment. 
 
 He left four children, Sarah, Sylvia, Judith and Jacob; 
 hut there are now no male heirs of that name fovmd living 
 in the county. 
 
 In 1762 he made his will of thirty-nine pages, the most 
 lengthy and elaborate testamentary document on record in 
 this or perhaps any other State. 
 
 He was possessed of a very large amount of real estate 
 that he held in his name and under his control, and which 
 he left with much guarded care, first to the necessary pay- 
 ment of all his lawful debts, and secondly to his own family 
 and their heirs, distributing to each a portion in due sea- 
 son, while he also made provision for annual gifts of five 
 pounds each to the religious institutions of the Quakers in 
 the upper precinct. Baptists in the middle precinct and the 
 Presbyterians in the lower precinct. In this instrument he 
 complained of the unjust treatment by the populace and 
 claims that he was vilely defamed and grossly abused on 
 
AAKOX LEA.MINC AND HIS TIMKS. 139 
 
 account of the natural privileg'es, of which hexlainied to be 
 entirely ignorant. He gave his wife one Irondred pounds 
 and the buildings and real estate on his Cold Spring Neck 
 farm and two negroes. Rev. JJ)aniel Lawrence, pastor of 
 the Presbyterian church, was made one of the guardians of 
 3us daughters until they became of age. At death he or- 
 -dered his will read at the Baptist meeting house, and left 
 directions that a sermon-like address to the good people of 
 Cape May county on a text from Psalms ii, verses i and 2, 
 in pamphlet form, to the amount of one himdred copies, be 
 ■distributed. 
 
 This will was probated October 9, 1765. El)enezer John- 
 ston, Henr}- Hand. Christopher Church and Henry Stites 
 were witnesses, and were sworn before Henry Young, sur- 
 rogate of Cape May county. The five following persons, 
 named in the will, were its executors: Deborah Spicer, Syl- 
 via Jones, Samuel Jones, Sarah Leaming and Christopher 
 Leaming, to whom ])robate and letters testamentary were 
 granted by his Excellency William Franklin, Esc]., Captain- 
 'General and Governor-in-Chief of the colony of New Jer- 
 sey. 
 
 He was buried by the side of his father, in his family 
 ground at Cold Spring, a spot now overgrown with large 
 forest timber. 
 
 On his tombstone was this inscription: 
 
 "Jacob Spicer. Esq., departed this life, Sept. 17th, 1765, 
 .m the 49th vear of his age — 
 
 "If aught that's good or great could save. 
 Spicer had never seen the grave." 
 
 His wife, who lies by his side, has upon her monument: 
 
 "Judith Spicer departed this life. Sept. 7th, 1747. in the 
 .33d year of her age. 
 
 "Virtue and piety give way to death. 
 Or else the entombed had ne'er resigned her breath." 
 
 On May 6. 1762. Spicer. 2d, devised the natural 
 privileges which seemed to be so exciting to the people, 
 to his son, Jacob, who, November 9, 1795, conveyed by 
 deed to a company or association of persons of the lower 
 precinct and Cape Island, his entire right to the natural 
 •privileges, which were viewed and used as a bona tule estate. 
 
140 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 and the Legislature passed acts of incorporation, giving" 
 them plenary powers to defend themselves from foreign and 
 domestic aggression, thus virtually acknowledging the va- 
 lidity of their title. Previous to the year 1840 a suit was in- 
 stituted in East Jersey, the result of which was favorable to- 
 the proprietors; but on an appeal to the United States Su- 
 preme Court from the Circuit below, the decision was re- 
 versed, confirming the right of the State to all the immunities 
 and privileges of the water thereof, barring out the pro- 
 prietary claims altogether, and establishing the principle 
 that the State possessed the right as the guardian and for 
 the use of the whole people, in opposition to the claims of 
 individuals or associations, however instituted or empow- 
 ered. 
 
 Rev. Daniel Lawrence, who as pastor of the Cold Spring 
 Church, became a popular and beloved man, died on April 
 13, 1766, and there. He had been pastor of the church since 
 the spring of 1572, but was not installed until June 20, 1754. 
 He was born on Long Island in 1718, and in his younger 
 days was a blacksmith. He studied at the "Log College," in, 
 Pennsylvania, and was licensed to preach in Philadelphia in 
 1745. From May, 1746, he was pastor of the Presbyterian 
 church at Forks of Delaware, and there shared in the la- 
 bors of Rev. John Brainard, the Indian missionary. He was 
 not robust in health and was directed to pass the winters 
 and springs at Cape May. While there he received the call, 
 from the Cold Spring Church. The second church, which 
 was built during his pastorate, in 1762, was a frame build- 
 ing. He was buried among his people in the Cold Spring 
 Church graveyard. On his toml:)Stone is the following ap- 
 propriate verse: 
 
 In yonder sacred house I spent my breath; 
 Now silent, mouldering here I lie in death; 
 Those silent lips shall wake and yet declare 
 A dread amen to truths they published there. 
 
 After the decease of Mr. Lawrence, among other sup- 
 plies. Rev. John Brainard supplied the pulpit during the' 
 winter of 1 769- 1 770. 
 
 On August 2.2, 1767, William Smith, Nathaniel Foster, 
 Nicholas Stillwell, Thomas Learning, James Whilden, John: 
 
.AAP.ON LEAMIXrj AND TlIS TIMKS. 141 
 
 Townscnd, John Leonard, Joseph Corson, Jacob Hand, 
 Daniel Swain, Robert Parson, Henry Hand, Thomas Smith, 
 Reuben Ludlam, James Godfrey, Jolni 2\Iackey were made 
 justices of the peace. To these on June 7, 1770 Joseph vSav- 
 age was added. 
 
 At the same time, in "67, Thomas Leaming, James Whil- 
 den, John Townsend, John Leonard were selected and com- 
 missioned judges of the Inferior Court of Cuuiuion Pleas. 
 
 In April, the next year, Nicholas StilKvell was named to 
 be a conmiissioner for taking recognizance of bail. He 
 served the county in fhe Assembly from 1769 to 1771, and 
 was a son of John Stillwell, of Town Bank. He purchased, 
 in 1748, of Joseph Golden, the plantation at Beesley's Point. 
 After his death, in 1772, the place fell to his son, Captain 
 Nicholas Stillwell, who afterwards sold to Thomas Borden, 
 who sold, in 1803, to Thomas Beesley, who resided on the 
 premises until 1816, and on an adjoining property until his 
 death in 1849. 
 
 In 1769 the people clamored for more law to protect the 
 oyster industry, and the Assembly confirmed the law of 
 1 719, and added new provisions, requiring that no beds 
 should be raked from Alay 10 to September i, under a pen- 
 alty of forty shillings, two-thirds to go to the informer and 
 one-third to the power of the township or city where the 
 offense was committed ; empowering the officers of the law 
 to summon aid to the constables in making arrests; prohib- 
 iting oysters for lime under a forfeit of three pounds, one- 
 half of which went to the informer and the other half to the 
 poor, and putting the burden of proof on the defendant and 
 making the act valid for three years. 
 
 In 1770 the laws passed by the Assembly prescribed that 
 there should continue to be two Loan Office Commissioners 
 for Cape May county; that lands in the county should not 
 be assessed at a rate higher than £30 per 100 acres nor less 
 than £8 per 100 acres; and that Aaron Leaming was to be 
 one of a committee to correspond with the colony's agent 
 in reference to money matters. On May 12, this year. Rev. 
 James Watt was installed as pastor of the Cold Spring Pres- 
 byterian Church, where he labored during the Revolution- 
 ■ary period, or for eighteen years, being the successor of 
 
142 HISTORY i)V CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Rev. Daniel Lawrence. Mr. Watt was born ]\Iarch 12, 1743^ 
 and died November 19, 1789, and was buried in the ceme- 
 tery back of the church. 
 
 Jeremiah Eldredge was a prominent man at this time, and 
 was frequently honored by his fellow-citizens in holding- 
 public trusts in Cape May county. When he was 23 years 
 old he was elected clerk of court and held the office for nine 
 years, from 1768 to 1777. When 35 years old he was elected 
 to the Legislative Assembly one year, from 1780 to 1781, 
 and then afterwards he was elected nine years to the Legis- 
 lative Council, from 1784 to 1794. After that he was ap- 
 pointed a surrogate for two years, from 1793 until his death. 
 He was a son of Samuel Eldredge, born August 3, 1745,- 
 and died April 28, 1795. 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 .1I>HN HATTON, THE TORY. 
 
 At the hegiiiniiig' of the Revolutionary period tlu various 
 acts of the English Parliament which affected /Vnierica, and 
 in which the colonists, had no voice by representation, began 
 to meet with protests. The most impolitic measure of the 
 government was the passage in 1765 by Parliament of the 
 celebrated "Stamp Act," for the purpose of raising a reve- 
 nue by taxing the colonies. The people resisted the meas- 
 ure, and so strong were the protests that Parliament re- 
 pealed the act in 1766. The next year the English Ministry 
 attempted to compel the colonists to assist in raising sup- 
 plies for that government, imposing a tax upon tea, glass, 
 paper and painters' colors. A storm of opposition, more 
 strong, was again excited, and soon after, all duties were 
 withdrawn except that u])on tea, which was taxed at three 
 pence per pound. This was not satisfactory to the people.: 
 of the colonies, not because of the amount of the duty, but." 
 because of the principle of taxing without consent or voice 
 of the '^olonists. John Hatton, collector of the port of Salem, 
 and Cohansey, came to Cape May in November, 1770, to- 
 stop what he termed were illegal actions on the part of local 
 and other skippers in landing goods at Cape May to avoid. 
 paying duty. The following is correspondence which grew^ 
 out of the treatment of him by the common pleas justices, 
 Thomas Leaming, John Leonard and James Whilden: 
 
 "Copy of a letter from John Hatton, Collector of Salem 
 and Cohensy, to Gov. Franklin, dated Dec. 7th, 1770, com- 
 plaining of the action of Mr. Jas. Whilden, Thomas Leam- 
 ing and John Leonard, Justices at Cape May:" 
 
 "1 1mml)]y beg leave t() inform your Excellency that I 
 am again obliged to fly from and quit my Office, and dis- 
 tressed family by reason that his Majesty's laws and my 
 
144 iriS'iOUY OF OWE MAY ("OI'M'Y. 
 
 actions in executing- them as a faithful servant are misinter- 
 preted by these Your Excelys Justices at Cape May viz 
 James Whilden, Thomas Learning, and John Leonard, 
 Esqrs who I am informed could not get any others to join 
 them, 
 
 ^'27, Novr — I arrived at Cape ^la.\ from Burlington. My 
 wounds l^eing so bad prevented me getting there sooner. 
 
 "24. — I procured Joseph Corson, Esqr to go with me to 
 J. Leonard & T. Leaming, Esqs, when T gave them your 
 Exccllencys Proclamation to which they paid no regard, 
 and during my stay with them, being about two hours, they 
 did not read it. 
 
 "1 likewise delivered the Letter Mr. Pettit wrote by your 
 Order on the 17th in regard to bailing my negroe, when they 
 absolutely refused to admit him to bail. 
 
 "1 then went to the Gaol from whence I found Hughes 
 had been let out in order to go where he chose to procure 
 hinihclf bail, and without any guard he had ful liberty to go 
 where he liked. 
 
 • "My negro still close confined and very ill the Cutts in 
 his skull being very bad from whence had been taken sev- 
 eral pieces of bones. 
 
 "In the dead of night I returned home found my wife as 
 I had been informed, just expiring thro' fright for me and 
 her son, well knowing the danger we were in; and few of 
 my neighbors, tho' I have several good ones durst venture 
 to come to my house being threatened with destruction by 
 Hughes or his friends, notwithstanding the distress of my 
 family, I was obliged to leave home the next night in order 
 to get some one to l)ail my man. 
 
 "This night was assaulted on the road by some man who 
 with a stick struck me several blows in my arm: when a 
 Blow with my Whip handle in his head, stunned him, I 
 rode on. 
 
 28. — On my giving Nicholas Stillwell Esqr £200- security 
 he was so kind as to bail my Negro, being well acquainted 
 with mv ill usage, & the distress of my family, a copy of 
 the Bail piece now produced justly expresses it. 
 
 "29 — Got my Negroe from Prison. 
 
 "Deer 5 — Mills the Pilot who is advertised with your 
 
.loii.x iiAiroN. riii'; 'i dkv. 145 
 
 Excellency^ Proclaniatioti was this tlay ^(^ing about niv 
 neighborhood, arnied with a Clul) and threatenini^ nie with 
 •destruction. 
 
 "6. — T met the said Mills on the Kin^s road who threat- 
 'Ciied nie with his Club but on my putting- my hand towards 
 my pocket he went off. I innnediately wrnt to James W'hil- 
 den, in order to recjuest him to execute Justice against the 
 said Mills, as I had some days before lodged a complaint 
 before him, but 1 was told he was not at home, tho' he had 
 been seen a few minutes before. About six hours after on 
 the same day the said James W'hilden, Thomas beaming, 
 & Jo Leonard Esqrs sent 5 men with their warrant now pro- 
 duced, who seized my man as he was going home with a 
 loaded Team, he having been all the day with two of my 
 neighbors getting some of my summers Crop which had 
 been till then decayed on the ground. A few minutes after 
 I was arrested on the same account as the warrant testify- 
 eth. \\'hen I first entered the room IMills was sitting by 
 the side of Jo Leonard Esqr with the same Club by his side 
 he had in the morning — during my conversation with them 
 in which I did not give any of them an uncivil word, the 
 said Leonard ex])ressed himself, in a very vmbecoming man- 
 ner. 
 
 'T then desired the said Mills might be secured and again 
 repeated to them that he was the Pilot who on 8t November 
 threatened me with death if I came near the Ship to execute 
 my Office as his Majs Collr and likewise that he was one 
 of the men who took away the Pilot boat I had seized her, 
 and further that he was the man who laid hold of my son 
 in the street at Philadelphia till a mob of Sailors came up 
 when he and they most inhumanely treated him so that he 
 was taken from them for dead. 
 
 "He acknowledged the threatening and obstructing me 
 when I was going to the ship, and like wise taking away 
 the Pilot boat I had seized, and said he would do it again 
 when there was occasion — his conduct was not in the least 
 disapproved bv the Magistrates present. 
 
 "The Magistrates did not regard my Charges against him, 
 hut on my insisting on ^lills, being some wav secured thev 
 
146 HISTORY OF CAPt: MAY COUNTY. 
 
 consented to bind him over to their own Court. An Uncle- 
 of Hughes, was ready for his Bondsman. 
 
 "They then bound me, and insisted on £200 security, but 
 they refused an)' security I could give for my Negro which 
 I offered them nor would they allow him to stay in the 
 hands of the Constable till next morning: When I told them. 
 I would produce them any bail they should require as my 
 friends were at some distance, but they ordered him imme- 
 diately to prison. 
 
 "There were present Hughes and his brothers and other 
 relatives who threatened destruction to any who gave me: 
 any assistance; during the whole time they could not pro- 
 duce any one to say that either I, or my Slave, ever was 
 heard to use the least threatening word against the said 
 Mills or any one else, since my first coming amongst them, 
 the reason they give for binding me and sending my Slave 
 again to prison, is, that Mills declared my son told him in 
 Philadelphia, that his fathers Negro should do for him, 
 but did not produce any proofs. 
 
 "Since my ill treatment on 8 Novr. His Majs Vessels^; 
 having been very vigilant has greatly obstructc d their smug- 
 gling by water therefore I being so distressed by these three 
 Magistrates gives them full liberty to perform it on shore, 
 for I am well assured, & have just reason to believe that 
 there hath been & still is several thousand pounds worth of 
 contraband Goods lodged on this shore since the 8th of No- 
 vember last, which Goods they are now conveying by Land 
 to Philadelphia, and have been so during a few days since 
 in the open day to go to my door with a loaded Waggon, 
 and men armed with Pistols in their hands challenging me 
 to appear if I durst, to seize them. 
 
 "Mills and the Boat now appear in pul^lic and he bids 
 defiance to any. 
 
 "These my assertions I can prove if the Witnesses are 
 impartially examined, therefore I hope your Excellency doth 
 plainly perceive that it is for my Zealous attachment to his 
 Majesty that I am thus injured abused, and interrupted by 
 these three Mag'istrates — 
 
 "My Instructions are, in any diflficulties to apply to Your 
 Excellency for assistance and protection, therefore do most 
 
.KUIX IIAI'TOX. 11 IK lOHV. 147 
 
 humbly pray from Your Excellency a speedy redress as His 
 Majesty's Revenue sufters entirely by the Actiotis and Pow- 
 ers of these three Ma,u:ist rates at Cape Mav. 
 
 "JOHN H ATI' ON." 
 
 The following is a copy of the warrant for the apprehen- 
 sion of John Hatton, collector at Salem. 
 
 New Jersey. Ca])c May count}-, ss. 
 
 George the third by the Grace of God of Great Britain 
 France and Ireland King Defender of the Faith &c To our 
 Sheriff of the County of Cape May or the Constables of the 
 said County or either of them Greeting Forasmuch as Je- 
 dediah Mills of the said County of Cape May Pilot hath 
 personally come before Us James Whillden, Thos Leaming^ 
 and John Leonard, Esqrs three of his Majs Justices assign- 
 ed to keep the Peace within the said County of Cape May 
 & hath taken a Corporal Oath that he the said Jedediah 
 Mills is afraid that John Hatton. Esqr. of the said County 
 of Cape Mav will beat wound maim or kill him th said Je- 
 dediah Mills and hath therewithal prayed surety for the 
 Peace and Good Behavior against him the said John Hat- 
 ton Esqr. therefore We command and charge you jointly 
 and severally or either of you that immediately tipon the 
 Receipt hereof you bring the said John Hatton Esqr Forth- 
 with before us the said James Whilden Thos Earning & 
 John Leonard, Esqrs or either of Us to find sufficient Sure- 
 ty and Mainprize as well for his personal appearance at the 
 next General Quarter Sessions of Our Peace or Court of 
 Oyer & Terminer of General Goal Delivery or which ever 
 of said Courts should happen to be held first in & for our 
 said County as also for our Peace and Good Behavior in 
 the mean time to be kept toward us and all our Liege Peo- 
 ple and chiefly towards the said Jedediah Mills that is to 
 say that he the said John Hatton. Esqr. shall not do nor by 
 any means procure or cause to be done any of the said 
 Evils to any of Our said People and especially to the said 
 Jedediah Mills. 
 
 Given under Our Hands and Seals this 6th day of Deer 
 in the nth Year of the Reign of Our Sovereign Lord 
 
148 HISTORY OF CAPE iNIAY COT'XTY. 
 
 George the third of Great Britain &c in the Year of Our 
 
 Lord 1770. 
 
 (Signed) J. WHILLDEN 
 
 T. LEAMING 
 J. LEONARD. 
 
 At the same time a warrant was issued for Hatton's slave, 
 Ned, by the same justices, because Jedidiah Mills complain- 
 ed that he "is afraid that a ^Mulatto Slave called Ned by 
 name belonging to John Hatton, Esqr. of the lower Precinct 
 in said county of Cape May'' might "beat maim or kill him." 
 
 The following is the correspondence, taken from ofBcial 
 documents in the colonial office at London, England, con- 
 cerninsf the Hatton matter: 
 
 "Copy of a Letter from Mr. Hatton, Collector of Salem, 
 Etc., to the Commissioners of the Customs, dated Perth 
 Amboy, Dec. 25, 1770, complaining of the ill treatment he 
 liad received. 
 
 "Perth Amboy, 25th Decemr 1770. 
 "Gentlemen 
 
 "On my way to the Governor with the inclosed Remon- 
 strance I received Yours of the TOth Inst, on the Receipt of 
 which I went to Mr. Skinner, Attorney General whose opin- 
 ion I liave now sent like wise the inclosed Remonstrance 
 will give Your Honors a just Information of the further 
 il treatment I have receiv'd Mr Read Collector of Burling- 
 ton hath bailed out Hughes. Mr Read's actions are, as 
 formerly; which is to distress me and the Service of the 
 Revenue all He can. He is one of the 3 chief Judges of 
 this Province & hath a Salary for it & is likewise one of the 
 Governor's Council. 
 
 "I am credibly informed that a Set of Merchants at Phil- 
 adelphia have remitted a Quantity of money to this Province 
 in Order to gain any Point they want to likewise make this 
 Cape their Stanch Store, as they say they cannot do without 
 Tt for their Contraband Trade — for since the 8th of last 
 November there have been 5 other Vessels unloaded with 
 Illicit Goods. 
 
jnii.N iiATTo.x, riii-: jouv. 149 
 
 "I have wrote three pressing letters to the Cajnain of His 
 Alajs X'essel in this River but no ( )nc hath yet appeared 
 to give me any Rehef. I hired a Sloop on purpose to go 
 to them to get them to keep their \'essel or Tender in our 
 Bay which would be the proper i)lace. whereby they would 
 perceive, with my assistance on Land, all the proceedings of 
 the smuglers there; but they declined my Request saying 
 they could not assist me on Shore, and Winter coming on 
 they must lay up their \'essels, therefore I am obliged to 
 keep concealed by day, & when I travel it is all by night, & 
 expect no other than some Day to fall a Sacrifice to their 
 Wicked Malice & Inventions. I left my Wife at the point 
 of death thro' Fright for me and her Son. My Son being 
 still 111 at the Tavern He was taken to first, & will lose ei- 
 their his Arm or the use of it. which cannot yet be deter- 
 mined Sz hath undergone a Severe Illness mvself going 
 Hundreds of Miles to endeavor to procure Justice & have 
 almost expended my last Farthing and am in the greatest 
 distress for more, who am 
 
 "Gentlemen &c 
 
 "JOHN HATTOX." 
 
 'T am to call on the Governor on my way Ijack for an 
 answer to my Remonstrance of the 7th Inst. He having 
 sent to the Attorney General for his advice & the Resuit 
 thereof I will inform You Mr Skinner advises me to arrest 
 the 3 Magistrates if I can get them before the Governor 
 for their actions & false Imprisonment but I want money, 
 having now expended in this affair upwards of 3o£. Be 
 pleased to excuse the Badness of this Letter as my Wounds 
 in my Head & right Arm are still so bad that I can hardlv 
 think or hold mv Pen." 
 
 Letter from Attorney-General Skinner to ]Mr. Hatton, 
 giving his opinion on the proceedings of the magistrates at 
 Cape May: 
 
 "Dec. 2^, T770. 
 "Mr. Hatton 
 
 "I have considered the Papers you have laid before me. 
 
150 HISTORY OF OAI'E .MAY COUNTY. 
 
 and those sent by Mr Petit and am of opinion that as the 
 transaction was on the high Seas the Admiralty only hath 
 Jurisdiction, & it is those vou ought to apply. 
 
 "Upon the same principle the Magistrates at Cape May 
 had no authority to issue their Warrant, or bind you over 
 to Court the place where the Seizure & Rescue was made 
 being without their iurisdiction or that of any Court but 
 the Admiralty. CORTD SKTNNER. 
 
 "to John Hatton Estir." 
 
 Letter from Mr. Skinner, Attorney-Cieneral of East Jer- 
 sey, to Charles Petit, Esq., secretary to Governor I^Vanklin. 
 giving his opinion on the conduct of the IMagistrates at 
 Cape May: 
 
 "Dec. 25, 1770. 
 "Sir 
 
 "I received Yours bv Mr. Hatton with the Papers in- 
 closed & have considered them as well as the Shortness of 
 the time would permit, together with other Information 
 given me by Mr. Hatton. 
 
 "I am of opinion that the place where the Seizure Sc 
 Rescue were made is clearly out of the county of Cape May. 
 That the Admiralty only has Jurisdiction and that the Jus- 
 tices of Cape May were forward in taking upon them any 
 Enquiry; than issuing their Warrant & taking Mr. Hatton 
 & his Slave after his Excellency's Proclamation is an inso- 
 lent Contempt of his Proclamation and will, with other parts 
 of their Behaviour, justify His Excellency in ordering their 
 Attendance before him in Council, or upon very clear Aui- 
 davits of their Behaviour removing them from Office. 
 
 "It was their Duty to Support Mr Hatton the Collector 
 & not suffer a Man Mills so principally concerned in the 
 Matter to Sit with them when they illegally demanded Se- 
 curity of the Collector, then countenancing the outrage of 
 the Pilots as well as the running of Goods are Sufificient to 
 remove them — Be pleased to make mv Compts to the Gov- 
 ernor & am &c: CORTLAND SKINNER. 
 
 "To Chas Petit Esqr Govrs. Secretary." 
 
.lUllN 1IA'1T(J.\. 'I'lIM TORY. 151 
 
 Letter from Mr. Hatton. collector of Salem and Colian- 
 •sev, to the commissioners of the customs, Boston, relative 
 .to his ill treatment by the magistrates at Cape May: 
 
 "Gentlemen 
 
 "I wrote to your Honours from Perth Amboy on the 25th 
 instant, and inclosed you the Attorney Cieneral's opinion 
 of the Actions of the Magistrates and likewise my last Re- 
 :monstrance to Govr Franklin and also the Copies of two 
 Warrants which has been served on me and my Negro. 
 Two Days after I arrived at Jiurlington c\: waited on the 
 Governor & delivered a letter from Mr. Skinner a Copy of 
 which is inclosed, after much persuasion His Excellency 
 granted according to Mr Skinner's Opinion an Non Ultimo 
 Prosequi for me but as my Negro happened not to be men- 
 tioned in it, the Governor refused me one for him. therefore 
 both he and me as one of his bonds men nuist appear at 
 their next Court in L>bruary, what the issue may be I can- 
 not pretent to sav but no good. His Excellency has like- 
 ^vise wrote to the three Magistrates to appear before him 
 and his Council sometime in the Spring the particular time 
 not yet fixed, but if we may judge from former instances 
 the result will be. I wrote this from opposite Philadelphia, 
 the Tavern where mv son is whose wounds are partly heal- 
 ed but has lost entirely the use of his Arm. I beg your 
 Honours will consider the distress I am in for want of 
 Money as I have now spent nearly forty pounds in traveling 
 so many hundred miles & in fees for advice & other ex- 
 pences caused by this affair and I have still other Expence? 
 to pay by reason my man must attend their Court, therefore 
 do most humbly beg your Honours will either grant me 
 mv Incidents now due or advance some of my salary or any 
 other means you may think proper, which must ha speedily 
 & can be done by an Order on Mr Swift. I have taken out 
 a Supreme Writt for Mills the Pilot by the x\ttorney Genera- 
 .als advice as there is no Court of Admiralty in this Prov- 
 ince. — I should be glad vour Plonours would interpose so 
 .as to get the Magistrates punished according to their de- 
 sserts. I am &c ' JOHN HATTON. 
 
 "Coopers Ferry opposite Philadelphia 30th Deer. 1770." 
 
152 IllSTOKY OF (.AVK MAY COTWTY. 
 
 "N B The Letter referred to is not vet come to hand.''~ 
 
 Copy of a letter from His Excellency, Governor Franklinj^. 
 to the Commissioners of His Majesty's Customs at Boston:. 
 
 "Burlinj^ton. April lo, 1771. 
 "Gentlemen, 
 
 "I yesterday received your Letter of the 26th of ^larch... 
 and am much surprized to find that Air Hatton has not ac- 
 quainted 3'ou with the Result of ttie Enquiry made by the 
 Governor & Council into his Complaint against the Mag- 
 istrates of Cape May, as on 26th of Febry he obtained a. 
 certified Copy of all the Minutes & Proceedings relative to- 
 that matter, which he said was to be immediately transmit- 
 ted to you, agreeably to the Orders you had before given. 
 him. However as it appears by your Letter that you have- 
 not received them, I have directed the Secretary to make 
 out another Copy, which I send enclosed; together with a 
 Copy of sundrv Notes & Observations made by him, ex- 
 plaining more particularly several matters relative to Mr.. 
 Hatton's Complaint, which are either omitted, or slightly 
 mentioned, in the Opinion given by the Governor and' 
 Council. By comparing these with the several Paragraphs 
 of the Complaint, as numbered you 'may be able to form a 
 true Judgement of the Conduct of your Officer.' 
 
 "The Representation Mr. Hatton has made to you of the 
 ill Treatment that he, his Son, and Negro, received from a 
 number of Seamen belonging to the Ship Prince of Wales, 
 in Delaware Bay, on account of his having seized a Pilot 
 Boat, suspected to have some Contraband Goods on Board 
 belcnging to said Sliip. and of the barbarous I'sage which 
 his Son afterwards received of them ?nd a Number of oth- 
 ers at Philadelphia may. for aught I know, be very just. 
 They Avere Transactions entirelv out of the Jurisdiction of 
 this Government, and wh.ich T have had no Opportunity of 
 enc[uiring particularly into. But as to his Complaints 
 against the Conduct of the Magistrates, and of the Distress 
 which they have occasioned him, I do take upon me to say 
 they are entirely false and malicious. 
 
 "Altho' I have long had a very bad Opinion of Tvlr. Hat- 
 
JOHN IIATTOX, THE TORY. 153 
 
 ton's Principles and Disposition, yet as he appeared before 
 me with several Wounds, which he said he had gotten on 
 board a Pilot Boat, from some Irish Seamen, when doing 
 his Duty, and told me a melancholy story of the ill Treat- 
 ment he had received from three of the Justices, I was 
 moved to give some Credit to his assertions. Accordingly, 
 I issued a Proclamation for apprehending the Persons con- 
 cerned in the Affray, in Case any of them should appear 
 in this Province, and afterwards sent Orders to the Justices 
 to appear before me in Council on the 2 1st of February, 
 which (as they and most of the Gentlemen of the Coimcil 
 lived at a great Distance) was as soon as they could be well 
 got together. I besides advised him to apply to the Gov- 
 ernor of Pennsylvania for a like Proclamation, and to obtain 
 the Chief Justice's Warrant for searching all suspected 
 Houses & Places in Philadelphia, at which City the Seamen 
 w^ere at that Time. He was likewise advised by the Attor- 
 ney Genl to apply to the Court of Admiralty, where only the 
 offence was properly cognizable. Neither of which he did, 
 as I have heard. On the contrary, he has done but little 
 else but ride about the Country, taking a Number of un- 
 necessary Journies to Philadelphia, Burlington and Amboy, 
 with an Expectation, as I suppose, of receiving a handsome 
 Allowance out of the Revenue for his Trouble and Ex- 
 pences, on pretence that he was engaged in what his Majes- 
 ty's Service absolutely required. 
 
 "The Day fixed for the Hearing, and some Days both 
 before and after, happened to be the severest Weather we 
 had during the Winter, yet several of His Majesty's Council 
 and the King's Attorney, tho' they had between 60 & 70 
 miles to Travel, gave their Attendance & spent with me 
 near three Days in hearing the Parties, and enquiring into 
 the affair, when they gave it as their unanimous Opinion, 
 that there was no just Foundation for any of Mr Hatton's 
 charges against the Justices. — The Particulars of his Com- 
 plaint, and the Opinions of the Council and Attorney Gen- 
 eral, are set forth at large in the Minutes. I could not but 
 concur with their Stntiments, as the Facts in favour of the 
 Justices were, indeed, too evident to admit of any Hesitation 
 in the Matter. 
 
154 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 "Mr Hatton appears to be a Man of a very unhappy, vio- 
 lent Temper, sometimes bordering on Madness, so that it 
 is impossible that he can Uve long in Quiet with his Neigh- 
 bours. He has extravagant Notions of his Power and Im- 
 portance as a Collector of the Customs — insists upon great 
 Homage and Deference being paid him by the Country 
 Magistrates — tells them he is exempted from paying Taxes 
 ■ out of England — & that he lias it in his Power to get the 
 •Governor Council, Chief fustice. Attorney General, and 
 every Officer of tlie Government removed, if they should 
 at any Time refuse to do as he would have them. In short, 
 there is nothing so absurd & outrageous, that he has not 
 shown himself capable of saying or doing, on which Ac- 
 count I liave had more Trouble with him than with all the 
 other People in New Jersey. Besides, he has got a Notion 
 in his Head, that by making great Clamour against the In- 
 habitants of this Province, representing them all as con- 
 cerned in Smuggling, in Combination against him and his 
 Authority, and that he is suffering from his active Zeal for 
 his Majesty's Interest, he shall make himself a Man of Con- 
 sequence with the Commissioners of Customs, & through 
 them get preferred to a better Collectorship. In this I 
 should most heartilv wish him Success, so that it was Any 
 where out of this Colony, were I not well assured that he has 
 been unfaithful to his Trust, and strongly connected with 
 some of the most noted Smugglers in Philadelphia, and 
 with the Only Person in all his District wdio is suspected to 
 have any Concern in such illicit Practices. Nor indeed, 
 have I the least Doubt, if the People on board the Ship and 
 Pilot Boat had offered him Money instead of Blows, when 
 he first came to them, but that he would readily have ac- 
 cepted it, and left them to pursue their Measures without 
 . any Disturbance from him whatever. 
 
 *T do not, however, expect that the Opinions of the Gov- 
 ernor, Council, Attorney General & Secretary, now trans- 
 mitted to you, will have much Weight with you, Gentlemen, 
 or make you think the worse of the Conduct of your Offi- 
 cer. My Reasons for this I shall tell you candidly, that if 
 I am in the Wrong in any of them you may set me right. 
 They are 
 
.JOHN IIATTON. THE TOUV. 155 
 
 "1st liecause you paid so little Regard to the Opinion of 
 she Govr and Council, in the Year 1768, on a former Com- 
 plaint of the same kind, that you thought it necessary to 
 send to me for ■Coi)ies of the several Affidavits and other 
 Materials u])on whicl: it was grounded: thereby shewing 
 that you cither Iielieved us to be incompetent Judges, 01 
 'doubted the Justice of our Decision, and were therefc)re de- 
 termined to make a fresh Encjuiry into the Matter Your- 
 :selves. 
 
 "2d Because I am credibly informed, that so far trom 
 "blaming or censuring Hatton for his extraordinary Co-iduct 
 .at that Time, you even gave him Marks of your Approba- 
 tion, complimentin<i" with a Place in the Customs, .-.n mfa- 
 mous F"ellow who he then sent to you with his ground- 
 less Complaints. I call this Fellow (whose Name is Clark) 
 infamous, i)ecause he appeared evidently, both to the Coun- 
 ♦cil of me, to be determined to swear thro' thick & thin, in 
 'favour of Hatton, and contradicted himself so often in the 
 Course of his Testimony, that several of the Council de- 
 clared that they thought he ought to have been committed 
 to the Goal for Perjury. 
 
 "3d Because your own Inspector General of the Customs 
 ■(who was particularly directed bv vou to enquire what 
 Foundation there was for Mr. Hatton's Complaint that 
 Time) not only represented to you, in his Report or Letter 
 of the 17th June 1769 that the Disputes Hatton had with 
 the People were 'of a Private Nature, arose from trifling 
 Matters, owing to an unwise Department in his private 
 Station,' and not 'on Account of his Zeal for the Service,' 
 ■or for 'exerting himself in his Duty,' as he had alledged, 
 l)ut at the same Time acquainted you with sundry Facts, 
 and transmitted to vou a Number of Proofs, fulh evincing 
 that he had been guilty of unwarrantable Practices in his 
 Office, and had given Encouragement and Assistance to 
 some of the most noted Smugglers, to the great Detriment 
 of the King's Revenue; notwithstanding wdiich you have 
 suffered him to continue in Office, and have not, at least as 
 I can learn, ever shewn any marks of your Disapprobation 
 of his Conduct. — Had I not known that the Inspector Gen- 
 ■eral, after a strict Examination into the Matter, had made 
 
156 - HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 such a Report to 3-011. I should myself have suspended Hat- 
 ton from acting in his Ofifice till further Orders from proper 
 Authority. But as you were made fully acquainted with: 
 his conduct, and it was a Matter over which you had a. 
 particular Superintendencv, I was unwilling to interfere;: 
 more especially as I had a Right to expect that you would: 
 have thought yourself in Duty bound, after receiving suchi. 
 Information, to remove him immediately from his Office 
 in the Customs. 
 
 "There is one matter more, Gentlemen, which I think nec- 
 essary to mention to you on this Occasion. It appears by 
 Mr Hatton's Book of Letters (which has been seen by sev- 
 eral Gentlemen in Salem) that he wrote you a Letter on the-^ 
 23d of Jany 1769, containing some injurious Reflections on- 
 me & the Magistrates, accusing us of having treated him: 
 with Inhumanity, & intimating that we were Enemies to- 
 our King & Country. At the same Time he sent enclosed a 
 Letter which he said he had received from an English Gen- 
 tleman who arrived here the June preceding, and 'would 
 give you an Insight of his disagreeable and precarious sit- 
 uation.' A Copy of this pretended Letter I have seen. It is. 
 signed with the name of John Murch, and is dated Novr 28,. 
 1768. There never was, perhaps, considering the Time- 
 when it was wrote, a Letter penn'd with a more wicked De- 
 sign: But as it seem'd to carry its own Antidote with it, be- 
 ing fiU'd with an extravagantly ridiculous and improbable 
 Account of the Disposition & Intentions of the People of 
 this Province, I never took any notice of it, except writing" 
 to the Inspector General (when I heard he was at Philadel- 
 phia on his Way to Salem) acauaintinp- him that I sus- 
 pected it to be a Forgery of Hatton's. or at least that Murch 
 was some low Fellow who had wrote it at his Instigation, and 
 should therefore be much obliged to him if he would de- 
 mand a Sight of the Original, and enquire Murch's Charac- 
 ter and where he was to be found, that he might, should 
 there be Occasion, be examined concerning it. Nor should 
 I, Gentlemen, ever have thought it worth my while to have 
 said anything to you on the Subject (having entertained too 
 good an Opinion of your Understanding to suppose such 
 an absurd Letter could possibly have any Regard paid it 
 
JOHN llATTON, THE TOKY. 157 
 
 Iby you) had I not observed in your last Letter, that you 
 "'thought it necessary to transmit to the Lord's Commis- 
 sioners of His Majesty's Treasury, Copies of the several 
 Letters laid before you' by Hatton, relative to his last Com- 
 ^plaint, tho' no proper Enquiry had then been made into the 
 Truth of his Representations, at least none which had come 
 to your knowledge. This, I own, has alarm'd me. You 
 may have likewise thought it necessary to transmit to their 
 Lordships the two above mentioned false and scandalous 
 Letters respecting me and the Inhabitants of this Colony, 
 without so much as enquiring or thinking it your Duty to 
 make any previous Enquiry into the Truth of the Allega- 
 tions. And their Lordships, not being acquainted with the 
 real Circumstances of the Case, and perhaps relying upon 
 that you woidd not trouble them with any idle Informations, 
 or such as you had not good reason to believe might be de- 
 pended upon, may have conceived Prejudices greatly to my 
 Disfavour. Had I received any such Letter concerning 
 you. Gentlemen, and thought them worthy of the least at- 
 tention, I am sure I should have deem'd myself bound in 
 Honour to have informed you of it immediately, that you 
 might have an Opportunity of clearing yourselves from any 
 Imputations they contained, and of explaining- your Con- 
 duct to His Majesty's Ministers: And I would willingly be- 
 lieve that you have not, as you never gave me any Notice 
 thereof, transmitted those Letters to England respecting 
 me; but if I am mistaken in this Point, and the Letters are 
 actually transmitted, then I must desire that you will as soon 
 as possible, send me Copies of them properly authenticated 
 under the Great Seal of the Colony where you reside, that 
 I may have it in my power to obtain that Justice from Mr. 
 Hatton which I am entitled to. A Request so reasonable 
 I hope you will not refuse, especially when I tell you that 
 Hatton had the Assurance, when I lately tax'd him in pri- 
 vate with having written & sent those Letters, to deny that 
 Tie ever wrote a Syllable to you against me, or ever sent 
 you any Letter from Murch, having, as he said, always en- 
 tertained the highest opinion of me and my Conduct in 
 this Government. But as I thought that he might after- 
 wards deny he had ever made such a Declaration to me (no 
 
158 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 one besides bein^ present at the Time) I took an opportunity 
 of asking him about those Letters before the Council, when 
 he again positively asserted, 'that he was very clear he never 
 sent a Copy of a Letter from Murch to the Commissioners.'' 
 However, his Son (tho" he has as bad a Character as his 
 Father) being soon after examined on Oath unon the same 
 Subject, and not knowing what his Father had said, con- 
 fess'd that Hatton did transmit to you a Copy of a Letter 
 from Murch, and that it was relative to me and the People 
 of this Province. A Copy of the Notes taken by the Sec- 
 retary of their Examinations on this Point, and concerning 
 the Place of the Collector's Residence (which is said to be 
 without the District allotted him by his Commission) I send 
 enclosed for your Perusal. 
 
 "That this Representation, Gentlemen, of Mr Hatton's- 
 Conduct does not proceed from any particular Enmity tO' 
 the man,* or Inclination to do him a Disservice, you must 
 do me the justice to allow when you consider, That it was 
 not made 'till you call'd upon me for it (I having left hinv 
 after giving him a Copy of the Governor's and Council's 
 Opinion for you, to tell his own Story in his own Way) and 
 that I have not only shewn him no Resentment on Account 
 of his Letters (tho' I have long known of them) but have 
 never yet demanded of him my Share of the Seizure of the 
 Sloop Speedwell (which he gave you such Pompous Ac- 
 counts of it 1768,) notwithstanding I am well inform'd he 
 has converted the whole of it to his own Use, not having 
 even accounted for the Share due to His Majesty. 
 
 "I am with great Regard, Gentlemen, 
 "Yours, &c 
 
 "WM. FRANKLIN." 
 
 * Warrants were issued bv the Supreme Executive Couiv- 
 cil of Pennsylvania in August, 1776, for the arrest of the 
 Hattons. senior and junior, for "treasonable practices," in 
 aiding in the escape from jail of Colonel Kirkland. The el- 
 der Hatton was arrested in New Jersey, taken to Philadel- 
 phia, and released on bail. 
 
JOHN HA'ITOX, THK TORY. 159-'' 
 
 Copy of a letter from tlie Inspector-General lo the Com- 
 missioners of the Customs: 
 
 "Gentlemen, 
 
 "By my Report of Delaware Bay & River, your Honours 
 will Fce the S tuation of the District of Salem; as to the Col- 
 lector's J):s;vjites with the People; they are iti tny ()[)inion 
 of a 'rivate Nature, and arose from trifling^ matters. 1 can't 
 fir..! t )at Mr Hatton has ever disobliged any I'eison there 
 as an officer and therefore lias not given any Cau'-e for Re- 
 sentment againsr him on that Account, on the Contrary he 
 indulged them in a very great Degree, even in giving them 
 blank Certificates and blank F'ermits to be fiUeil up b\' them- 
 selves. 
 
 "I send a number of those I'ermits and Certificates in- 
 closed which Your Honors will see are filled up with as many 
 different Hands, as they are for Persons. What ]-retences- 
 Mr Hatton can form tliat he received ill Treatment from 
 the People on Account of his Zeal for the Service, Your 
 Honours wdll best judge. I am further to observe that every 
 Vessel! which entered with him from the West Indies was 
 only in Ballast except 5, from April 1765 to May 1766,, 
 which was detected by the Man of War and Cutters, and 
 w'hat is still more remarkable he never entered any, but what 
 belonged to noted Smugglers. — John Relfe is the Person 
 who liad the P(M-n)it from him for the 5 H'luls of foreign 
 Sugar after they were seized ]yy the Collector of tliis Port. 
 
 "Since September 1767, tliree Vessels entered with Mr. 
 Hatton from Guadaloupe and one from Denn'iiieo, all in 
 Ballast, and he has not received a Shilling DuUls during 
 that Time. — Every Smuggler speaks well of him as a Col- 
 lector, but in his private conduct as a peevish, fretful, and 
 not a very good natured Person. — Though I do not think 
 m\s.If concerned with the private Character of any Officer, 
 yet I found myself under tlie necessity of mentioning this 
 of Mr. Halton as he complained of receiving ill Usage from 
 the 1^ :opie on Account of exerting himself in his Duty, that 
 your rlonours may the better see how far that was the case, 
 and th.o' it is probable that he might have been ill used yet 
 
160 IIIS^rORY OF OAPE MAY CoFNTY. 
 
 ~— _V 
 
 there is little Doubt of its being owning to unwise Deport- 
 ment in his private Station. 
 
 He has lived for twelve Month past at Raccoon Creek, 
 and is now removed from thence to Cape May 90 miles be- 
 low Salem, out of the way of all business, so that it is nec- 
 essary he should fix his Residence in a proper Part of the 
 District. 
 
 "By this Plain State of Facts I hope your Honours will 
 see all Circumstances concerning Mr Hatton & his Dis- 
 trict in their PYoper Light. — His situation having a Family 
 to support with a narrow Income might account for some of 
 the irregular Appearances in his Conduct as an Officer. 
 That with his Time of Life in a distant Country renders 
 him an Object of Compassion, and therefore I beg Leave 
 to recommend him to your Admonishment as I presume it 
 will come with more Propriety & Weight from Your Hon- 
 ours than me and wish it may have the Efifect of his living 
 upon a better understanding with the People, & being 
 more Circumspect in the Duties of his Office. 
 
 "I am with great Respect, Your Honours 
 "Humble Servant 
 
 "J. WILLIAMS. 
 
 "Philadelphia 17 June 1769. 
 
 "To the Honble The Commissioners of Flis Majesty's 
 Customs at Boston." 
 
 Governor Franklin to Earl of Hillsborough, concerning 
 complaint of John Hatton. &c.: 
 
 "Burlington, Alay 19th 1771. 
 "The Right Honble the Earl of Hillsborough. 
 
 My Lord Inclosed I send your Lordship a Copy of the 
 Minutes of the Privy Council of this Colony, from the 8ttt 
 of January to the 26th of March, a great Part of which is 
 taken up with an Enquiry into a Complaint made by John 
 Hatton, Esqr Collector of His Majesty's Customs for the 
 Port of Salem, against some Justices of the Peace living at 
 Cape May. This Mr. Hatton is the same Person mentioned 
 in my Letter to your Lordship of the 25th of Augst 1768, 
 N. II, and in the Minutes of the Privy Council sent with 
 
.lOll.X HATTOX. 'I'HIO roliV. 161 
 
 •'.Tny Letter N. 6. — The Council, after a strict and impartial 
 Examination of the Parties, were unanimously of Opinion 
 .that there was not the least Foundation for his Complaint 
 .^against the Justices. I need not trouble your Lordship with 
 any Recital of Particulars here, as they are so fully set forth 
 'in the Minutes, and in the Copies of Sundry Papers sent 
 ■lierewith. — I was in hopes that the Commissioners at Bos- 
 Ion would before now have removed this man from his Of- 
 fice, as they have had the strongest Proofs of his Unfaith- 
 fulness in Execution of it, ever since June 1769, as your 
 Lordship will see by the enclosed Copy of the Report of the 
 Inspector General. What reasons they may have for con- 
 •tinuing him in Of^ce I know not, as they have not yet 
 thought proper to return any Answer to my Letter of the 
 loth of April last, a Copy of which is among the enclosed 
 Papers. , 
 
 "I have the Honour to be, with the greatest Respect, My 
 Lord, Your Lordship's most obedient & most humble Ser- 
 -yant WM. FRANKLIN." 
 
 "Some Notes and Observations made by the Depu Secre- 
 .tary of New Jersey, on the Complaint of John Hatton Esqr 
 'Collector of Salem, against three of the Magistrates of Cape 
 May, after the Examination of the Parties before the Gov- 
 ■ernor & Council, explaining more particularly several mat- 
 ters either omitted or but slightly ment'd in the Minutes of 
 ■Council on that Subject." 
 
 "There is very little of Mr Hatton's Complaint, that, if 
 true can affect the Magistrates of Cape May : — the Transac- 
 tions which he and his Son received the Injury, being en- 
 tirely without their Jurisdiction. It may be reduced to the 
 following Heads. 
 
 "i. Their sending Their Warrant for him on the Oath 
 •4>f Hughes. 
 
 "2. Their sending their Warrant for his Negro on the 
 :3ame Foundation, and committing him after Examination, 
 
 "3. Refusing to admit the Negro to Bail. 
 
 ""4. Demanding Surety of the Peace of Mr Hatton, on the 
 
162 HISIXDRY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Affidavit of Mills, — on which they took his own Recogni- 
 zance. 
 
 "5. Demanding the like Surety from the Negro, & com- 
 mitting him to Prison for want of Security. 
 
 "In all which Transactions it does not appear that he was 
 under anv Kind of Restraint more than for a few Hours,, 
 and that from absolute necessity, and not at a Time when 
 the Duty of his Office required his Attendance. But eveix 
 if it had interfered with the Revenue, the Cause of this Re- 
 straint was of a higher Nature; — for whenever the Kings 
 Peace comes in Question all Civil Matters must give Way 
 to the Enquiry. In the 4th Paragraph of his Complaint, 
 Mr Hatton calls the Charge against his Negro a Pretense, 
 and says 'the Oath of Hughes was only invented to distress 
 him and his Family.' If the Oath was invented Dy the Mag- 
 istrates for the Purpose, it was undoubtedly highly Crimi- 
 nal in them. But can it be supposed that they could induce 
 Hughes to perjure himself to furnish such a Design? What 
 motive could they have for wishing to distress him? They 
 were not interested in the Goods seized, nor could he effect 
 their Interest by any Seizures— They were not in Trade, nor 
 had they any Property that could be affected by the Revenue 
 Laws. On the other Hand they had lived on Terms of good 
 Neighbourhood with the Collector; The Magistrate who 
 administered the Oath to Hughes had, as he acknowledges 
 shewn him particular Acts of Civility. But on Hughes's of- 
 fering to make such an Oath, the Magistrates would have 
 been Criminal in Omitting the Enquiry. 
 
 "The 5 Par. charges the Magistrates with 'sending five 
 Men to his House and taking him out by Force thro' heavy 
 Rain, tho' he was exceedingly ill and dangerously wounded.' 
 The Magistrates, to make it as easy as possible to Mr Hat- 
 ton, convened at the House of his nearest Neighbour, at a 
 considerable Distance from their own Houses, and did 
 not order Force to be used until they found other measures 
 ineffectual ; and it was proved to them by the Man at Whose 
 House they were, that he had been riding about with him 
 most of the Day in the same kind of Weather and the Con- 
 stable (by whom they had received a Message from Mr 
 
JOHN IIATTOX. THE lOltV. 163 
 
 Hatton rather clisrespectfull) reported to them that lie was 
 not so ill as to be in any Danger from coming out. 
 
 "The Arrogance and Rudeness with which he charges 
 the Magistrates, was no more than the Language they 
 thought it necessary to use to restrain him from insulting- 
 them in the Duty of their OfBce when he appeared before 
 them, charged on Oath as a Criminal. The £500 Security 
 he offered for his Negro was no other than his own Recog- 
 nizance in that Sum, which they did not think a sufficient. 
 Security; nor did they think the Xegro Bailable had the 
 Security been ever so good. Tlie Secretary's Letter con- 
 tained no more than his Advice to admit the Negro to Bail 
 if they should think it Legal so to do from the Circum- 
 stances of his Case, of which they were then the sole judges.. 
 
 "The Justice's had seen the Governor's Proclamation 
 before, and did not think it necessary to read it in the pres- 
 ence of Mr. Hatton. especially as it did not relate to what 
 was then required of them. 
 
 "Par. 6. Hughes, in the mean Time, had procured a Writ 
 of Habeas Corpus, and was admitted to Bail by the Hon! 
 Charles Read Esqr one of the Justices of the Supreme Court, 
 and Collector of His Majesty's Customs for the Port of 
 Burlington, by which he was entitled to his Liberty. But 
 the Justices of Cape May did not think they had Power to 
 admit him to Bail, tho' he was committed for a Crime of a: 
 less Nature than the Negro stood charged with. 
 
 "Par. 7. By the Complaint in this Paragraph, one would 
 imagine Mills was one of the Persons pointed out in the 
 Proclamation as being concerned in the Rescue of the Pilot 
 Boat. But the fact is otherwise. Mills is not mentioned 
 in the Proclamation in the Light of a Criminal ; nor w'as he 
 at all concerned in the Affray. Mr Hatton did influence the 
 Printer to insert, under the Proclamation, an Advertisement, 
 signed by himself, offering a reward for apprehending 
 Mills; but he seems not to have been very desirous of hav- 
 ing him taken up, as he declined making any Affidavit be- 
 for the Justices which they thought would be a proper 
 Ground for issuing a Precept against him. 
 
 "Par. 8 & 9. These Warrants against Mr Hatton & his 
 Negro, were grounded on Mills's Afifidavit. and his demand- 
 
164 IIIJ^TORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 ing Surety of the Peace against them. From his going vol- 
 untarily before the Justices to make this Affidavit, it should 
 seem that he did not fly from Justice, and that he had at 
 least as much Reason to be affraid from the Threats of Mr 
 Hatton, as the latter could have from his menaces. Mr 
 Hatton insinuates that he wore Pistols in his Pocket, and 
 he charges Mills with carrying a Club, they had quarrelled, 
 and probably mutual Threats had passed. On Binding 
 both Parties to their good Behaviour, the Judges Obliged 
 Mills to find a Bondsman, but from Mr. Hatton they took 
 no other Security than his own Recognizance, which, if it 
 can be called Partiality at all, was in his Favour; tho' by the 
 Words of his Complaint, a Stranger to the Fact would im- 
 agine they obliged him to procure a Bondsman. 
 
 "Par. 12 & 15. The Threats of Destruction to any who 
 should give Mr Hatton any Assistance, appear nowhere but 
 in the Complaint; the Magistrates deny any knowledge of 
 it. And, indeed, all his Fears and Injury to his Person and 
 Property appear to be chimerical and without Foundation. 
 His Informations have chiefly come by his own Servants 
 whom he sent out as Spies for that Purpose; and some of 
 the People, knowing their Design, have dropped Expres- 
 sions on purpose to furnish them with a Tale, that they 
 might have an Opportunity to laugh at the Effects of his 
 suspicious Disposition. Par. 13 & 14, are fully answered in 
 the Minutes of Council. 
 
 "The Complaint of the 26th Jan. begins with an impu- 
 dent Falsehood. No such Promise was ever made to him; 
 on the Contrary the Governor repeatedly told him that he 
 could not, consistent with the Royal Insctructions, deprive 
 a Justice of his Ofiice, but with the Advice of the Council, 
 which could not be expected 'till after a Hearing. His com- 
 plaint against the Magistrates, after his Answering a few 
 Questions in Explanation of some Parts of it, afforded but 
 a slender Foundation for calling upon them to answer it, 
 much less to suspend them without a Hearing. 
 
 "He charges one of the Justices with pursuing the Con- 
 stable, to know what Witnesses he had summoned, and 
 tampering with such as he could influence — The Fact ap- 
 pears thus, 1 
 
JOHN llA'I'TOX, THK lOUV. 165 
 
 "Justice Whilclen happened to meet the Constable at the 
 House of one of the Witnesses sent for Mr Hatton, but did 
 not know the Constalile's Errand there, nor speak to the 
 Witness on the Subject; nor did he ever, as he declared on 
 Oath, signify the least Desire that any Person should de- 
 cline testifying the whole Truth in Behalf of Mr Hatton. 
 The Collector had sent his Negro to dog the Justice, who 
 seeing him go into this House where the Constable was, and 
 continue there for some Time, returned and told his Master 
 of it — and his Imagination supplied the Rest. 
 
 "Mr Hatton says he was more likely to be insulted than 
 to obtain Justice, when he had his Witnesses before the Jus- 
 tices to be sworn, and refers to a Certificate of the two Jus- 
 tices as a Proof of it. — This Certificate amounts to no more 
 than this. That two Persons brought before the Justices re- 
 fused to swear (which they had a Right to do) and that Mr 
 Hatton's Son having written something for one of them to 
 swear to. the man put the Paper in his Pocket and refused 
 to return it. 
 
 "It must be observed that Mr Hatton procured the Depo- 
 sitions of twelve other Persons respecting the same Transac- 
 tions; and it is remarkable that these Depositions are all 
 drawn up in the Hand Writing of Mr Hatton & his Son, 
 and in such Parts of them as relate to the Conduct of the 
 Justices, particular W^ords and Expressions are selected, 
 which, standing by themselves, may sometimes appear to 
 have a meaning totally different from the real sense of them 
 when connected with what was said before and after them. 
 
 "Mr Hatton concludes his Address in Language that 
 would excite Compassion in the Breast of a Savage — if the 
 Facts asserted in it were true. 
 
 " M have left my Wife at the Point of Death thro' Fright, 
 my only Child wounded and a cripple, And my Servants 
 trembling thro' Fear; and I obliged to quit my Family and 
 Office and to travel thro' snowy Desarts, all by reason of 
 the Power and Actions of James Whilden, Thomas Leam- 
 ing & John Leonard Esquires.' 
 
 "From all that has appeared concerning this matter, so 
 far as I have been able to discover, he might with as much 
 Truth, have inserted the Names of the Commissioners of 
 
166 HISTORY OF CAFE MAY COFM'Y. 
 
 the Customs, or the Directors of the East India Company, 
 as the Justices of Cape May. For except that he was twice 
 sent for by the Ma2:istrates on Criminal Accusations, which 
 took up but a vt ry few Hours of his Time, he seems to have 
 been as mucli at Liberty, and as free from Obstructions 
 from the Magistrates and all other Persons within their Jur- 
 isdiction as any man in the Country. 
 
 "In his Remonstrance of the 20th of February he charges 
 * the greatest Part of the People of the County' with being 
 ^Smugglers, boasting the Sweets of an illicit Trade, and de- 
 pending on the Magistrates for Support in their Yillany.' 
 
 "Air. Flatton has resided among them for some years 
 past and been particularly intimate with them, in all which 
 Time he has made no Complaint of an illicit Trade being 
 carried on amongst them, nor has he now pointed out any 
 Instance of Smuggling, or shewed any Circumstances to in- 
 duce a Belief that there has been any of that Business car- 
 ried on by the People nf Capc-jNIay. The Bulk of the Peo- 
 ple and all the magistrates of whom he has complained, are 
 Farmers, unacquainted with Trade and accustomed to a re- 
 tired and peaceful Life. That there may have been Smug- 
 gling carried on from on board the Ship he mentions, is 
 very probable; and it is beyond a Doubt that Mr. Hatton 
 and his Son were much beat and wounded on board the 
 Pilot Boat by Seamen belonging to the Ship — but it is not 
 ■even alleged that the Magistrates of Cape May were privy 
 to it, or gave any Contenance to the Perpetrators of it. 
 Hughes, the only Person, except the Sailors, who was in 
 the Affray, was taken up by the Magistrates and committed 
 to Prison as soon as he came on Shore; and. notwithstand- 
 ing the Violence of Mr. Hatton's Accusation, the Magis- 
 trate before whom he was examined, alleges that Hatton 
 and his Son acknowledged, on their first coming on Shore, 
 that they had intreated Hughes, during the AfYray, to mod- 
 erate the Fury of the Sailors & to save their Lives, and 
 that Hughes had interposed in their Behalf. The Truth I 
 believe is, that Mr. Hatton being disappointed of the Prize 
 he had taken, was determined to turn his Wounds to some 
 Account another Way. He seems to have had it in View, 
 from the Beginning of his Quarrel, to provoke the Magis- 
 
JOIIX IIATTDX. THE TOlli'. 167 
 
 trates into Acts of Indiscretion, tliat might wear the appear- 
 ance of Persecution; and stories to ground all their Trans- 
 actions against him, on a Settled Dislike to his Oflfice, as 
 one that the I'eople wish to be entirely rid of. He wants 
 to induce a Belief in his Superiors that he is persecuted for 
 a strict Adherence to his Duty, which he doubts not will 
 procure him Preferment. 
 
 "It is not the Office but the Officer that is unpopular in 
 the Province. He ascribes to himself the Attributes of 
 Majesty, and considers himself as out of the Reach of the 
 Laws — that his Person and his Servants are sacred, and not 
 to be called to account for even the most attrocious crimes; 
 — that his very Potatoes are to be treated with so much Re- 
 spect, that a Servant employed in gathering them, must not 
 be arrested tho' charged on Oath with a Design against 
 the Life of a Subject! It is by no means strange that a 
 Mind under the Influence of such Ideas should, on the other 
 Hand consider the People of the Country as in a State of 
 Rebellion, disregarding all Laws but such as they can ex- 
 ercise to the Oppression of his Majesty's Officers, and 
 carrying on an illicit Trade in open Defiance of them, and 
 that he should ascribe to the magistrates against whom he 
 complains, an unbounded Influence over the Bulk of the 
 People, and a more Arbitrary Exercise of Power than the 
 Bashaws of Turke^' could arrive at. 
 
 Some Notes taken by the Dept. Secretary on the Examina- 
 tion of John Hatton, Esqr before the Governor & Coun- 
 cil, Febr. 23, 177 1. 
 
 "John Hatton Esqr being examined by the Governor in 
 Council says: 
 
 "That he resides in Cold Spring in the Coimtv of Cape 
 May 50, or 60 miles or more from Salem, — that he does not 
 know how far it is from Cohansie, — does not know where 
 Cohansie is, — believes it is in Cumberland County — it is not 
 in Cape May. Does not know any Place called Cohansie, 
 but knows a Creek or River of that Name. 
 
 "Saw Inspector Williams, who was down at Cape May 
 twice; saw him there but once being from Home the other 
 
168 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Time he came down. Mr. Williams borrowed Hatton's • 
 Book of Letters and returned it to him. Know a Person- 
 of the name of Murch who is a Gentleman, — believes he was 
 a Merchant, — was acquainted with him, — received several- 
 Letters from him, but never sent any que of his Letters to 
 the Commissioners. Does not recollect receiving any re- 
 markable Letter from Murch characterizing the People of 
 this Province. Does not know that he, Murch, was ever 
 taken up by a Magistrate or committed to Prison. Since 
 Murch w^ent to England has reed a Letter from him (last 
 Fall or Summer) requesting he would procure him a Cer- 
 tificate of the safe landing of some Tea he had to Philadel- 
 phia consigned to one Mr. Boyd to sell. Is very clear he 
 never sent a Copy of a Letter from Murch. to the Com- 
 missioners." 
 
 Some Notes taken by the Depy. Secretary on the Examina- 
 tion of John Hatton junr Febr 23d 1771. 
 
 "John Hatton junr examined by the Governor & Coun- 
 cil, on Oath says : 
 
 "His Father resides at Cold Spring in the County of Cape.- 
 May, — knows Salem, — has been there, but does not know 
 the Distance they are apart, — never travelled that Road, — 
 it is above 5 miles, — not 100, — nor 80, — has heard it is about 
 60, or 70 Miles. Remembers Mr Murch, an Englishman^, 
 Christian Name John he thinks, — does not know his Occu- 
 pation, — heard he intended to purchase Lands, but that he- 
 did not purchase any, — has seen him at his Father's House,,, 
 — Mr. Murch wrote several Letters to his Father, one of 
 which he remembers characterises the People, but does not 
 remember what Character it gave, — believes he may have 
 copied this Letter — (Objects to answering such questions, 
 as reveal his Father's Secrets) Afterwards says, his Father 
 did transmit a Copy of the Letter to the Commissioners; 
 this Letter declared Murch did not choose to purchase 
 Lands in such a Country. Remembers there was some- 
 thing about the Governor in it, — is certain it was wrote by 
 Murch, — does not know how the Letter came to the House, , 
 but saw it after it came. 
 
JOHN IIATTON, THE TORY. 169^ 
 
 "Never was at Cohansie, — does not know how far it is 
 from his Father's House." 
 
 Copy of a Letter from the Commissioners of the Customs,. 
 to Governor Franivlin. 
 
 "His Excellency Governor FrankHn, 
 
 "Sir: Mr. Hatton Collector of Salem & Cohensy having- 
 represented to us that in the month of November last a large 
 Ship called the Prince of Wales, Captain Crawford, arrived 
 in Delaware Bay either from London or Liverpool which 
 Ship was met by Several Pilot Boats (and as he had been 
 informed) were employed to receive sundry Contraband 
 Goods from on board said Vessel, that he attempted to go 
 on board of her, but that they manned their Sides with Guns 
 &c and threatened to Murder him, that he had made Seiz- 
 ures of one of the Pilot Boats, having some of those Goods 
 on board, which was afterwards rescued out of his Hands 
 by a number of Persons in a Barge belonging to the Ship, 
 upon which occasion, he, his Son and a Negro Servant, 
 were treated in a most barbarous manner, greatly wounded 
 and with great difficulty got on Shore. That his Son was,, 
 afterwards met by a number of Sailors in Philadelphia, 
 tarr'd and feathered, put in the Pillory, dragged by a Rope 
 through the \\"ater, and left in such a Condition that his life 
 was despaired of — We thought it necessary to transmit 
 Copies of the several Papers, laid before us, for the informa- 
 tion of the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treas- 
 ury. We have since received further Accounts from Mr. 
 Hatton complaining of the Conduct of the Magistrates, & 
 of Distresses & Embarrassments which have appeared to- 
 ns to be most extraordinary and in some Instances improb- 
 able, but as he informs us that your Excellency has issued' 
 your Proclamation and that the matter was to be heard be- 
 fore your Excellenc}- and your Council on the 21st of Feb- 
 ruary, We should be glad you would be pleased to acquaint 
 us with the Result of this Enquiry, that we may be able to- 
 form a true Judgment of the Conduct of our Officer. — 
 
170 inSTUKY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 "We are with great Regard Sir Your Excellency's Most 
 Obedient Humble Servants, 
 
 HEN. HULTON, 
 WM. BURCH, 
 BENJ. HATTOWELL. 
 Custom House Boston 26th March 1771. 
 
 Hatton, it will be noted by a careful perusal of the fore- 
 going correspondence, was a man whose word seemed to 
 be doubted. It is said of him that all through the Revolu- 
 tion he made himself particularly offensive, and was a Tory 
 of the strictest kind. He was probably the only pronounced 
 one in Cape May coimty. He lived on his plantation at 
 Cold Spring, which was owned by the late Daniel B. 
 Hughes, and this property was the only Tory's property 
 confiscated in the county, of which notice is made further 
 on in this history. Were it not for the leniency of the 
 neighborhood, Hatton would have had more of a rough ex- 
 perience during the Revolution than he did. 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 I'KKi'AitA'rioxs von war. 
 
 On April 29, 1771. the following military commissions 
 "Were issued for Cape May county: 
 
 Thomas Hand, Colonel; John Mackey, Lieutenant-Col- 
 'Onel; Joseph Savage. Major; Downs Edmunds, Adjutant. 
 
 P'or the Lower Precinct: Silas Swain, Captain; Seth W'hil- 
 den, Lieutenant; Levi Eldridge, Ensign. 
 
 For the Middle Precinct; Jacob Hand, Captain; Philip 
 'Cressey, Lieutenant; Jonathan Jenkins, Ensign. 
 
 For the Copper Precinct: Nicholas Stillwell, Cap'tain; 
 "Enoch Stillwell, Lieutenant; Joseph Edwards, Ensign. 
 
 On November 7, 1770, Eli Eldredge was commissioned 
 .Sheriff of the county, and he served from 1771 to 1774. Eli 
 Eldredge was born about 1730, and was the son of Samuel 
 Eldredge. In the Revolutionary War he was First Major 
 of Militia from August, 1775. to June, 1776. He was a 
 member of the Legislature from 1773 to 1779, and was 
 Clerk of Cape May county from 1779 to 1802. 
 
 On December 21, 1771, the following were chosen the 
 "Commissioners of the Peace" for the county: William 
 Smith, Thomas Leaming, James Whilden, Joseph Corson, 
 Jacob Hand, Daniel Swain, Henry Hand, Reuben Ludlam, 
 James Godfrey, John Mackey. Joseph Savage. 
 
 This letter of Aaron Leaming, wdio was about attending 
 the Assembly at New Brunswick, which he had written to 
 his constituents, is interesting, but when perusing it the 
 reader should use his imagination in recalling expectant 
 ■events at home: 
 
 "To the Freeholders of the County of Cape May: 
 "Gentlemen: — 
 "Whereas there is a great Probability of a war. and the 
 Icing having ordered an augmentation of his Forces; and 
 
172 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Inlisting Officers are soon expected to Raise recruits in this-, 
 province as appears by the Governor's Proclamation I have- 
 lately received; and the ships of war having received orders- 
 to Rendevouze at Jamaica; and the militia of this Province- 
 are to be properly Regimented; and the Assembly being to* 
 meet the 17th Instant: 
 
 "From all these Indications I expect that an Expedition 
 is to be carried on against some of the Spanish Settlements 
 in the West Indies; and that the Governor will demand men 
 and money from this Colony. As in such case I shall be 
 greatly at a Loss to know what part to act; I desire my con- 
 stituents, or so many of them as can spare the tirne to meet 
 at the court house the 13th instant at 12 of the clock, pre- 
 pared to give me their advice whether I am to vote for the 
 raising either men or money. 
 
 "As from the present circumstances between Britain and 
 America, this is a matter of very great importance, which 
 I shall endeavor to explain at this time. I hope the Gentle- 
 men of this county will not think the meeting improper. 
 
 "Their compliance will greatly oblige themselves and also^ 
 their most obedient, Faithful Servant, 
 
 "April 4, 1771." AARON LEAMING." 
 
 In 1772 a change was made in the apportionment of As- 
 semblymen, but Cape May's number of representatives was 
 not changed from two, which it had had for about thirty 
 years. 
 
 On July I, 1772, a census was taken for the year ending 
 at that date, in which the development of Cape May county 
 was truthfully portrayed. The number of dwelling houses 
 was 275, while there were 1648 people living in the county, 
 divided into the following classes: Males under sixteen, 468; 
 males between sixteen and fifty, 374; males from fifty to 
 eighty, 42; males over eighty, 2; total males, 886. Females, 
 under sixteen, 384; females sixteen to fifty, 339; females fifty 
 to eighty, 37; females eighty and over, 2; total females, 762. 
 During the year there had been eleven marriages and eigh- 
 teen deaths. 
 
 A majority of these dwellings were owned by their occu- 
 pants, and were of that nature peculiar to those good, oldl 
 
PREPARATIONS FOR WAR. 173 
 
 times of which we dehght to read. The farm house was a 
 story and a half structure, with seahng boards on the sides 
 of the rooms and on the ceihngs, which served the purpose 
 for which plaster is used to-day. The floor, if the owners 
 were exceedingly wealthy, had rag carpet on the floor; and, 
 if not, sand of the white, clean kind, which is found on Cape 
 May's superb beach was the principal covering. Others 
 had nothing on at all, and the tidy housewife kept her pine 
 floor boards shining as the result of her daily diligent scrub- 
 bing There were no stoves, and coal was not then known. 
 The big open fireplace served the purpose, and the wood 
 pile was made large in the fall, and during the cold weather 
 when httle else could be done, the sturdy farmer chopped 
 his wood and heightened his "pile" for spring and summer 
 use. Ihe old-fashioned tallow candles served the lighting 
 for evening when necessary, but these were only used when 
 extraordinary occasion required it. The glowing pine knots 
 and big chunks of oak wood in the fireplace gave most of 
 the light for the evening. Because the people at that day 
 were early to bed and early to rise." Candle light in the 
 morning gave the illumination for breakfast, and before sun- 
 rise It was over, and the master with his slaves, for there 
 w-ere some in Cape May county, and the "hired man" were 
 olT to the fields to do their day's work. The people worked 
 hard the SIX days of the week allotted for the purpose, but 
 on the babbath they were devoted to their religion The 
 spirit which prevailed in New England prevailed to a great 
 degree in Cape May. The sturdy Presbyterian, the hardy 
 ±5aptist and the spirit-moving Quakers were the only de- 
 nominations which had constituents here at the time 
 
 Their principal holidays and sport days were court davs 
 during which time the games of quoits, running, jumping! 
 hurdling and of like nature were the leading diversions. 
 I here was always feasting on these occasions. At the same 
 time public matters were discussed and all the prominent 
 men of the county knew each other, by their regular attend- 
 ance upon the court sessions. 
 
 The manner of conducting public meetings and elec- 
 tions of those days is interesting, from the fact that all who 
 favored one candidate walked to one side of the room, while 
 
174 HISTORY OF CAPE :MAY COUNTY. 
 
 those opposed took the opposite side. Then the persons-- 
 were counted for the result. In the same manner public 
 questions were decided, and nearly every meeting and elec- 
 tion were conducted on these lines. The ballot was seldom- 
 resorted to, and so fair were elections and the people trusted 
 their neighbors so thoroughly that at times a very few voted.. 
 At one time only eight votes are recorded for members of 
 the Legislature in the county, while it was known to con- 
 tain nearly three hundred who had a right to the elective 
 franchise. 
 
 Reading matter in Cape May was scarce at this time, and. 
 while but hardly a dozen, if that man}-, newspapers of Phila- 
 delphia came to Cape May, it was marvelous. There were- 
 some magazine readers in the county, but the number was- 
 confined to about a half dozen persons. Aaron Leaming 
 was agent for a magazine at the time, and he had, as his ac- 
 counts show, collected subscriptions from five persons. 
 Most of the knowledge obtained, therefore, was from the 
 word of the neighbor. 
 
 The sons usually followed in the footsteps of their fathers,, 
 adopting the same trade, while the daughters went out to 
 service, and were not looked down upon as now for so- 
 doing". 
 
 There were no matches in those days, and the flint was 
 struck to make the sparks from which the fire was started.. 
 The dishes were pewter, and glassware was indeed scarce. 
 The men's clothing was a pair of leather I)reeches, a checked 
 shirt, a flannel jacket, and a hat with its brim cocked up 
 into three corners. The women spun their yarn, and wove 
 their dress goods. Their life, while primitive, was as happy 
 as the people of to-da}', and while they had not the advan- 
 tages, they knew not of them, and were not compelled to 
 worry as to how thy might secure them. 
 
 On March 18. 1773. William Smith. Nathaniel Foster,. 
 Thomas Leaming, James W'liilden, John Townsend, John 
 Leonard, Joseph Corson, Jacob Hand, Daniel Swain, 
 Henry Hand, Reuben Ludlam, Joseph Godfrey. John 
 ]\Iackey, Joseph Savage were made Justices of the Court of 
 Oyer and Terminer for the county. 
 
 In 1774 the county jail, which had been built ten years- 
 
TKE PA RATIONS FOR WAR. 175' 
 
 previous, was consumed by fire, and the Freeholders were 
 authorized by the Assembly to rebuild the same, on or near 
 the former site. The court house was also rebuilt at this 
 time. An act was also passed to "suspend the i)rosecution 
 of the County Collector of Cape May for a limited Time." 
 What lie had been dointj is not known, but evidently the 
 Legislature was not satisfied with him, and were trying to 
 reprimand him. without convicting him of crime. 
 
 Tiiis year a new oyster law was passed to prohibit the 
 taking" of oysters from the beds from April lo to Sc])t ember 
 I. Closely following this, on February Ji. 1775, the last 
 oyster act of the New Jersey Assembly, as the rulers over a 
 colony of Great Britain, was passed. Under it no one was 
 to take oysters from May 1 to September i. ]-'oity shill- 
 ings was the forfeit, recoverable by action for debt, of v/hich 
 26 shillings and 8 pence were to go to the informer. Burn- 
 ing the shells for lime was an offence, for which there was 
 a penalty of three pounds. The last whaling record before 
 the Revolution was the leasing by Aaron Teaming of Seven- 
 Mile Beach on I-'ebruary 28, 1775, to whalemen for thirty 
 days. 
 
 The British Government, being unable to obtain any 
 revenue from duties on the tea shipped to y'Xmerica, in 1773 
 resolved to accomplish by policy what was found to be im- 
 practicable from restraint. It effected an arrangement with 
 the Fast India Company, whose warehouses were over- 
 stocked with that article for want of a maikct, 1}) which 
 shipments of tea could be sold to the colonists at prices 
 with the duties less than had been charged before duties 
 were imposed. The colonists adhered to their principles, 
 and would take the tea at no price. Ship loads were sent 
 to Boston, New York. Philadelphia and Charleston. From 
 New York and Philadelphia it was shipped back. In the 
 port of Boston the tea was thrown overboard by the colo- 
 nists disguised as Indians, and the news of this action spread 
 through the colonies and caused a great deal of argument. 
 A? was natural, there were some Tories in every jjrovince, 
 and tliere were some in Cape May as well as anywhere 
 else. Parliament closed the port of Boston on June i, 1774. 
 On tile same day people assembled in all the colonies to pro- 
 
17tj HISTORY or' CArE MAY COUM'Y. 
 
 test against the action of Parliament. On the approach of 
 the tea ships to Philadelphia, the pilots who lived at Cape 
 May, and operated on the Delaware, were warned not to 
 conduct them into harbor. The Cape May pilots needed 
 only a small excuse for refusing, and they let these mer- 
 chantmen find their own way up the river. The Commit- 
 tee of Safety of Pennsylvania on October i6, 1775, paid 
 Michael Dawson £9 for carrying like instructions to the 
 Cape May pilots. 
 
 The necessity of a general Congress was now perceived 
 throughout the colonies. On the 4th of September dele- 
 gates from eleven colonies met in Philadelphia and organ- 
 ized into a Congress. They sent a petition of grievance to 
 the colony agents in London to present to Parliament and 
 the King. In the meantime British troops were arriving 
 in America, mostly at Boston, Toward the close of the 
 year news arrived of a proclamation of the King prohibiting 
 the exportation of arms to America. Several of the colo- 
 nies then began to prepare for their own defense by gather- 
 ing up what cannon and ammunition they could get. Ben- 
 jamin Franklin, who was Deputy Postmaster-General for 
 America, was dismissed by Parliament for his sympathy 
 with the colonists. His son, William Franklin, Governor 
 of New Jersey, however, was a devout Royalist, and kept 
 the New Jersey residents and Legislators in a quarrel with 
 him the balance of his official life. In this State the Assem- 
 bly appointed a committee of correspondence, which met 
 in New Brunswick on May 2, 1775, and called a second 
 provisional convention to meet at Trenton on the 23d of 
 the same month. The British Government continued its 
 coercive measures, and acts restricting trade with all the 
 colonies were passed by Parliament, 
 
 On the nth of January, 177*=;. the New Jersey General 
 Assembly met at Perth Amboy, and was attended by Jona- 
 than Hand and Eli Eldredge as the members from Cape 
 May, They voted for the presentation to the King of a 
 communication stating grievances in which New Jersey was 
 particularly interested. The Assembly met at Burlington 
 on May 15th, and both the Cape May members were pres- 
 ent. They voted with a bare majority of the members to 
 
PREPARATIOXS F(JK WAK. 
 
 177 
 
 Teduce the salaries of the State officers, who were adherents 
 of the King. New Jersey became a foremost State in re- 
 sisting the organization of British tyranny. The second 
 Provisional Congress met at Trenton on Miiy 23, according 
 
 MAP OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 to call. In the meantime important events had happened 
 in Massachusetts and in New York. The battle of Lexing- 
 ton had been fought only a month before, and the news was 
 just about getting to the distant parts of the colony. Thir- 
 teen days before Generals Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold 
 
178 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 had captured Ticondcroga, and Crown Point was about 
 being taken by the Americans. (Jn the same day that 
 Ticondcroga was taken the second Continental CongresS' 
 met in Philadelphia, and the news from there that they had 
 voted that 20.000 men should take the field and that George 
 Washington should be conmiander. reached Xew Jersey 
 before the knowledge of Arnold's and Allen's conquest. 
 The second Xcw Jersey Provisional Convention was at- 
 tended by Jesse Hand as delegate from Cape May. The 
 convention directed that one or more companies of eight/ 
 men should be formed in each township or corporation; ami 
 imposed a tax of £10,000 on the State to support these or- 
 ganizations. The Congress re-assembled on August 5, and 
 directed that fifty-four companies of sixt}-four minule men 
 each should be organized. The counties of Cunix^rland 
 and Cape May were to have independent light infantry and 
 rangers. There were about _2 000 inhabitants in the_ countv^ 
 at this time. On August 16 the county's quota wasraTseH^ 
 to one battalion and one company of minute nun. The 
 Jersev companies were appointed by recommendation of 
 the Continental Congress. The Cape May county bat- 
 talion, which was raised in accordance with this call, was 
 not officered until September 21. when the county election 
 took place at the court house. The following were se- 
 lected by the people: 
 
 John Mackey, Escjr., Colonel; Henry Hand, Esnr., Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel: Eli Eldredge, Major; Thomas Eeaming, 
 Jr., .Vdjutant. 
 
 Aaron Learning, in his diary, from which these facts are 
 gathered, said that besides those elected, there were then 
 the following officers: 
 
 "Nicholas Stillwell. 
 
 "Enoch Stillwell. 
 
 "Salanthiel Foster. 
 
 "Captains James Willits. Jr., Jonathan Jenkins. 
 
 "Frederic Otto, First Lieutenant; Joseph Edwards, Na- 
 thaniel Jenkins, John Newton, Second Lieutenants; Chris- 
 topher Ludlam, Richard Matthews" — (here page is torn 
 ofif). 
 
 It is unfortunate for history that the old diary containing 
 
I'UKPAKA'no.XS I'OK WAK. 179 
 
 such valua1)le information should be torn at such a place. 
 But puttinjj^ these scraps with the roster of Adjutant-General 
 Stryker, of Xew Jersey, there is some light given on the 
 subject what offices these men filled and of those to which 
 they were promoted, (ieneral Stryker's roster says: 
 
 "John Mackey, Colonel. 
 
 "Nicholas Stihweil. Captain, Lieutenant-Colonel, Colonel. 
 
 "Henry Hand. Lieutenant-Colonel. 
 
 "Enoch Stillwell. First Major. Lieutenant-Colonel. 
 
 "Eli Eldredge, First ]\lajor. 
 
 "John Hand. Second Major. I-'irst Major. 
 
 "Thomas Learning. Adjutant. 
 
 "Nathan Hand. Quartermaster." 
 
 The uniform of the Cape May minute men were to be 
 "hunting frocks to conform as near as may be to the uni- 
 form of riflemen in the Continental service." 
 
 The minute men entered into the following engagement: 
 "A\'e. the subscribers, do voluntarily enlist ourselves a min- 
 ute man in the companv of . in the county of Cape 
 
 Ma}-, and do jiromise to hold ourselves in constant readi- 
 ness, on the shortest notice, to march to any piace where 
 our assistance may be required for the defense of this and 
 any neighbour colony; and also to pay due obedience to 
 the commands of our ofificers agreeable to the rules and or- 
 ders of tlie Continental Congress, or the Provincial Con- 
 gress of Xew Jersey, or during its recess, of the Committee 
 of Safety." 
 
 These men took precedence over other militia, and were 
 entitled to be relieved at the end of four months, unless in 
 actual service. 
 
 At this election at the court house, when the militiamen 
 were chosen. Jesse Hand and Elijah Hughes were chosen 
 as "delegates for the Congress." which was to assemble at 
 Trenton. Leaming gives us the names of the "commit- 
 tee," chosen on that day also, which, no doubt, was the 
 County Committee of Safety. The following were selected 
 as members of it: 
 
 Joseph Corson, John Baker, 
 
 John McKay, Sylvanus Townsend, Jr., 
 
 Jose. Badcock, James Willits, Jr., 
 
180 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Jos. Ludlam, Joseph Hildreth, 
 
 Hugh Hartshorn, Jonathan Learning, 
 
 Elijah Townsend, George Taylor, 
 
 Joseph Edwards, Henry Hand, Esqr., 
 
 Christopher Learning, Downs Edmunds, 
 
 Zebulon Swain, Aaron Eldredge, 
 
 Jesse Hand. Abram Bennett. 
 
 Thos. Learning, Jr., John Hand, Jr., 
 
 Aaron Learning, James Whilldin, Esq., 
 
 Jeremiah Ludlam, Memucan Hughes, 
 
 Jonathan Jenkins, John Newton, 
 
 Joseph Savage, Elijah Hughes. 
 
 One of the notes found in the papers of the Pennsylvania 
 Committee of Safety, which was no doubt made the next 
 year, shows that Aaron Learning was the chairman of this 
 Cape May Committee of Safety. It reads: "Memorandum. 
 Hewes, a Committee man at the Cape, rows off pilots and 
 others. Aaron Lemen presd't of Cape May Committee." 
 
 Mr. Leaming, in his diary, says, bearing on the loan 
 question, which we here note before proceeding further on 
 the acts of the county committee and delegates to Con- 
 gress, that 
 
 "The Assembly having passed a Bill to strike iioo,ooo 
 to let on Loan: and the same being returned with the 
 King's approbation 
 
 "July 4, 1775 — The Justices and Freeholders met to 
 choose Two Loan Officers and unanimously chose Eli Eld- 
 redge & myself, the comm.issioners." 
 
 At the session of Provincial Congress held on Monday, 
 October 9, Jesse Hand was appointed one of "a committee 
 to prepare an estimate of the expenses necessary to put this 
 colony into a posture of defence at this time." 
 
 On the following Saturday, the 14th, a motion was made 
 and it was "Ordered, That commissions do issue to the sev- 
 eral field-officers of the regiment of militia of Cape May, 
 whose names are mentioned in the certificate of the county 
 committee," which were those elected on September 21st. 
 
 On Saturday, October 28, it was ordered that all persons 
 between fifteen and fifty were considered as able to bear 
 arms in defense of the colony, and all "whose religious prin- 
 
PREPARATIONS FOR WAR. 181 
 
 ciples will not suffer them to bear arms" were ordered to pay 
 four shillings per month "for such their exemption." This 
 measure made the Quakers, of which there were several in 
 Cape May, help to support those whose principles did not 
 interfere with their taking up arms against the British. At 
 the same session Jesse Hand's committee reported that it 
 "appears generally necessary, at this time of increasing dan- 
 ger, that the inhabitants of this colony should be furnished 
 with ammunition and other military stores, and that this 
 colony should be put into some proper posture for defense." 
 The Congress thereupon ordered bills of credit issued to 
 the amount of £30,000 to provide necessary funds. To sink 
 these bills it was ordered that iio,ooo should be raised an- 
 nually in the colony in the years 1784, 1785 and 1786. Cape 
 May was to raise in each of these years £166 i8d. 
 
 By the beginning of 1776 the British Government had 
 sent over reinforcements to Boston, and their coming had 
 continually excited the colonists. The spirit to obtain con- 
 by the British, and were patriots of the first rank, 
 stitutional liberty had now begun to turn toward thoughts 
 of complete independence. But this plan was only with the 
 statesmen, and not with the common people, because there 
 was still a disposition of the less stern to be neutral, and to 
 jump to the victorious side. 
 
 The Committee of Safety had now been organized in the 
 State, of which Elijah Hughes was a member from Cape 
 May. It first met at Princeton, on January 9, 1776, and 
 at New Brunswick on February 12. At that session the 
 committee of Cape Alay are reported as having made re- 
 turns of militia officers, and the committee. At the latter 
 place, on the 6th of February, Mr. Hughes had been ap- 
 pointed to take a census of Cape Alay county, as directed 
 by the Continental Congress, which varied little from that 
 of 1772. On the 20th of February a tax to support the war 
 was ordered raised in the colony amounting to £50,000 and 
 5 shillings, of which Cape May was to raise £156 i8d. 2p., 
 and the rates on which taxes were to be raised fixed as fol- 
 lows : 
 
tS2 mSTOKY OV CXri'l MAY COT.NTY. 
 
 ''All householders (exclusive of certain ties) at from 2 to 
 30s. 
 
 "Merchants — 5 to 20s. 
 
 ''Ferry — 5s to 5i. 
 
 "Coasting sloop, schooner, shallow, flat, passage boat, 
 pilot boat, wood boat, pettiauger. 3s to 30s. 
 
 "Single man, work for hire, keeps horse, mare or gelding, 
 :2S. to 6s. Single man. works for hire only. 2s. to 6sh. 
 
 "Every bought serv. or slave. 2sh. 
 
 "Riding chair or kittereen. ish. 
 
 "2 horse chaise or curricle. 2sh. 
 
 "four wheel chaise or phaeton. 5sh. 
 
 "Coach or chariot, 9 shil. 
 
 "Every waggon, the body of which hangeth on springs, 
 2 sh. All cattle, etc., 8 sh."' 
 
 On June 7th a motion had been passed by the Continental 
 Congress in Philadelphia that the colonies ought to be free 
 and independent, and their action and discussions soon 
 spread across the river to New Jersey. On the 17th of 
 March the evacuation of Boston by the British had occurred 
 and Washington had entered the city. The news was gen- 
 erally spread by that time. The sister colonies had pre- 
 pared for defense, and the British Parliament had declared 
 the American colonies out of their protection. The British 
 were sending soldiers to America, and 17.000 Hessians had 
 been hired. This news precipitated matters in Congress 
 and in the colonies. 
 
LllAlTER XIW 
 
 rHIO KKVOLT'TIOX I'.K^JIXS. 
 
 The Continental Tont^ress at I'hiladelphia, on the 17th 
 ■of ApriK passed these two resolutions: 
 
 '■Resolved, That the secret committee be directed to sup- 
 ply Mr. Thomas Leaming with 200 lbs. of powder for militia 
 at Cape May, he paying for the same. 
 
 "Resolved, That the commanding officer at New York be 
 <iirected to order two companies of Col. Dayton's battalion 
 to march to Cape May and there remain until further or- 
 ders." And again Congress, on June 17th, voted "'that two 
 •companies of the force now in the Delaware regiment be or- 
 dered to Cape May." 
 
 In the spring of this year, probably in March, the follow- 
 ing Cape May men were elected as delegates to the New 
 Jersey Council of Safety or Provincial Congress: Elijah 
 Hughes, Jesse Hand, Thomas Leaming, Jr., Joseph Sav- 
 age and Hugh Hathorn. Leaming was the man whom the 
 Continental Congress voted 200 pounds of powder. They 
 all attended the Congress for which they were elected, which 
 met first at Burlington on the loth of June, and continued 
 its sessions at Trenton and New Brunswick. On the i8th 
 ■of June the following military resignations were ordered 
 accepted: 
 
 Henry Hand, Es(|., Lieutenant-Colonel; Eli Eldredge, 
 First ]\lajor; Thomas Leaming, Esq., Adjutant. 
 
 Three days later this x\ssembly decided to form a State 
 government, and on the next day a committee of ten per- 
 sons was appointed to prepare for the new government and 
 present a Constitution. Elijah Hughes was one of the com- 
 mittee chosen. The Constitution was adopted on July 2, 
 two days before the Declaration of Independence was pro- 
 claimed. This Constitution was drawn principally by Rev. 
 
184 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Jacob Green, and upon its adoption it received the assent 
 of the five Cape May delegates. 
 
 Thomas Learning, Jr., was a patriot, whose fame was wide 
 in Philadelphia, as well as at home. He was a wealthy son. 
 of Thomas Leaming, who was a long time Judge of the 
 Cape May courts. Leaming was born in Cape May, Au- 
 gust 20, 1748, and died in Philadelphia October 29, 1797. 
 He w^as educated at the University of Pennsylvania, studied 
 law with John Dickinson in Philadelphia, and practiced his 
 profession until 1776. He possessed large landed estates 
 in New Jersey, and was, as before noted, a militia officer 
 and member of the Provincial Congress. He declined to> 
 accept from Great Britain the protection offered to those 
 who would not bear arms against the mother country. He, 
 after the convention, went to Philadelphia. To him is given 
 the credit of obtaining the signatures of the men who joined, 
 the Cape May battalion, of which he was drill master. In 
 Philadelphia he joined the First City Troop, fought with it 
 in the battle of Germantown, October 4, 1777, and remained 
 a member of the organization until his death. At the close 
 of the war he became a merchant. He was a member of 
 the firm of A. Bunner and Company, which gave i6ooo, the 
 second largest subscription toward upholding the Conti- 
 nental treasury. His firm was largely interested in priva- 
 teering, and in 1785 he said their vessels had taken fifty 
 prizes and 1000 prisoners. 
 
 The members of the colony Assembly at this time, which 
 body appeared inactive, and was, no doubt, purposely so,, 
 were still Eli Eldredge and Jonathan Hand. 
 
 Closely following the act of the Continental Congress on 
 July 4, when they declared that "these United Colonies are, 
 and of right ouglit to be, free and independent States;" the 
 New Jersey Provisional Congress thirteen days later passed. 
 a resolution that "Whereas, the honorable, the Continental 
 Congress, have declared the United Colonies free and in- 
 dependent States, we, the deputies of New Jersey, etc., de- 
 clared New Jersey a sovereign State." Dr. Beesley says of 
 these trying times: 
 
 "In the contest of our forefathers for Independence, noth- 
 ing praiseworthy can be said of the other counties of the. 
 
TUE REVOLUTION BEGINS. 185 
 
 State, that would not apply to Cape May. She was ever 
 ready to meet the demand made upon her by the Legisla- 
 ture and the necessities of the times, whether that demand 
 was for money or men. Being exposed, in having a length- 
 ened water frontier, to the attacks and incursions of the 
 enemy, it was necessary to keep in readiness a flotilla of 
 boats and privateers, which were owned, manned and armed 
 by the people, and were successful in defending the coast 
 against the British as well as refugees. Many prizes and 
 prisoners were taken, wdiich stand announced in the papers 
 of the day as creditable to the parties concerned. Acts of 
 valor and daring might be related of this band of boatmen, 
 which would not discredit the name of a Somers, or brush 
 a laurel from the brow of their compatriots in arms. The 
 women were formed into committees, for the purpose of 
 preparing clothing for the army; and acts of chivalry and 
 fortitude were performed by them, which v/ere equally 
 worthy of their fame and the cause they served. To record 
 a single deserving act, would do injustice to a part; and to 
 give a place to all who signalized themselves, would swell 
 this sketch beyond its prescribed limits." 
 
 Elijah Hughes was born on February 15, 1744. He was 
 County Clerk from 1762 to 1768. and Surrogate from 1768 
 to 1787, as well as a member of the Provisional Congtess. 
 He was also a member of the Legislative Council (Senator) 
 from 1781 to 1782, and from 1785 to 1786. He died No- 
 vember 23, 1797. 
 
 As soon as the Constitution for the New State went into 
 efifect Cape May was represented in the Legislature by Jona- 
 than Hand in the Legislative Council, and by Eli Eldredge,. 
 Joseph Savage and Hugh Haythorn in the Assembly. Their 
 experiences were trying in legislating for a new State, whose 
 future at that time could hardly be predicted. The}- all 
 served until 1778. 
 
 During the last half the year 1776 tlie British had lakon 
 possession of New York, driven Washington to New Jersey, 
 and by the end of the year Washington and his men were 
 struggling about Princeton and Trenton, and even Philadel- 
 phia was so threater.od by tlie British that the Continental 
 Congress had adjourned to Baltimore for safety. 
 
18G HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 On October 4, 1776, Joseph Ludlam and Abraham Ben- 
 nett were appointed inspectors of i^nn powder. They were 
 to quaUfy; to mark the powder — "S. N. J./* and were to be 
 fined £5 for neglect of duty. Their pay was ^ of a dollar for 
 every 100 wgt of powder; and should the inspectors ride 
 over 10 miles to inspect over 1000 weight of powder the fees 
 should be 3 pence a mile each way. The Court of General 
 Quarter Sessions could supply a vacancy. 
 
 Early in 1777 General Washington's army had been suc- 
 cessful in driving the British from New Jersey, and the latter 
 -then turned their attention to capturing Philadelphia, and in 
 getting there by way of the Chesapeake Bay. The New 
 Jersey men were called out in classes for thirty and sixty 
 days' tours of duty in cases of general alarm, of which there 
 were many during the next two years. Several of these mi- 
 litiamen did duty at various times in the "Jersey Line,'' Con- 
 tinental establishment. 
 V' About this time the new Legislature appointed Jesse 
 Hand, of Cape May, a member of the Committee of Public 
 Safety, on which he served from 1777 to 1781. The duties 
 of this committee were the most arduous of any other body 
 in the newly organized State. They w^ere considered traitors 
 by the British, and were patriots of the first rank. 
 
 From the isolated position of Cape May county, her dis- 
 tance from the theatre of war which extended but litttle be- 
 low Salem county and her agricultural characteristics which 
 would not be an inducement for British raids, the Peninsula 
 was never the scene of an engagement. None the less how- 
 ever did the fire of patriotism burn brightly in the breast of 
 Cape May folk of the time. 
 
 Colonel Richard Somers, of Atlantic county, having cap- 
 tured the brigantine "Defiance," and the inhabitants of 
 Great Egg Harbor having aided him, it was ordered by law 
 of February 28. 1777, that the Marshal of the Court of Ad- 
 miralty should secure the cargo and sell the same and to dis- 
 tribute the money derived therefrom. On the fifteenth of 
 March John Witherspoon, a signer of the Declaration of In- 
 dependence and a delegate from New Jersey to the Conti- 
 nental Congress and President of Princeton College, and 
 Abraham Clark, were appointed commissioners to supply 
 
 I 
 
 JStl 
 
'j'lii': KKVoLi riox iu:<;i.\s. 187 
 
 Cape i\Iay with 33 stands of arms, 187 pounds of gun pow- 
 -der, 347 pounds of lead. 334 flints, 7 quires of cartridge pa- 
 per and one bullet mould. 
 
 It was also ordered that the Cape May militia should meet 
 on the first Saturday of every month, and attend general re- 
 view three times a year. 
 
 In the incidental bill of March 17th, are these items: To 
 Eli Eldridge for Cantain Henry Stevens in full for pay of 
 militia £316.17.9. To Eldridge for Memucan Hughes as 
 •Commissary and ^^luster master, £213.9.9. 
 
 Aaron Leaming "held loan office," March 25th. says his 
 "diary . 
 
 On April 16th. 1777, the members of the second com- 
 pany of the Cape ^lay battalion met to choose officers. 
 Hugh Hathorn certified that he was present at the election. 
 The certificate signed by members of the company reads as 
 follows : 
 
 "These are to certi-fie that on the i6th day of April, 1777, 
 the second company of ye Cape May Battalion of militia in 
 the State of New Jersey being met, did nominate, choose 
 and appoint James Willits Junr Captain; David Edwards 
 first and Joseph Wheaton second lieutenants. Henry Young 
 ■ensign, in witness whereof, the majority of the company of 
 ^the company have hereiuito set their hands, 
 "Moses Griffing, Thomas Scott, 
 
 Abel Lee, Uriah Young, 
 
 Levi Corson, Japhet Hand, 
 
 John Goldin. Jeremiah \"an Gelder, 
 
 Darius Corson, Daniel Skull, 
 
 James Godfrey. Parmenas Corson, 
 
 Abraham Van Gelder, John Cone, 
 
 David Corson, Samuel Insell, 
 
 Rem Corson, Stephen Young. 
 
 Jesse Corson, Amos Willits, 
 
 Cornelius Corson, Jacob Corson, 
 
 Joseph Badcock, Isaac Van Gelder." 
 
 Commissions were issued to these four officers and dated 
 April 1 6th. At the same time a commission was civen to 
 John Mackey, Esqr., to be colonel, which was dated May 7, 
 
188 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 1777, and he was to rank from the date of his former corr^- 
 mission as colonel. 
 
 An account of a training is given in the words of Aaroiiu 
 Learning: 
 
 'The 3d of May, I777, at a training Thomas Godfrey 
 having his gun charged with small stones, by accident, shot 
 James Parker in the Leg. The bone was much Splintered. 
 & Shattered and it was judged necessary to amputate it. 
 For this purpose doer. Oto was Sent for from Gloucester- 
 County. The I2th of May afternoon, the Amputation was 
 performed by Oto assisted by Dr McGinnis of Philadelphia,. 
 Doer Hunt & Dr. Bcnjn Stites. The 17th of May he died." 
 
 On the 19th of May, 1777, the Continental Congress at 
 Philadelphia, received petition of Nathaniel Forster, of 
 Cape May, in behalf of himself and divers other inhabitants 
 of the said Cape, praving to be supplied with a few pieces 
 of cannon, and a suitable quantity of ammunition for the 
 defence of the inhabitants of the Cape, and protection of 
 vessels that may be there driven ashore, whereupon it was 
 "Ordered. That the marine committee supply the petitioners- 
 with six pieces of cannon, and that the board of war supply 
 them with a suitable quantity of ammunition." 
 
 The following is the certificate of the officers of the third 
 company. 
 
 "Cape May, May 23d, 1777. 
 
 "These are to certify that the under mentioned gentlemen* 
 were duly elected and chosen officers for the third company 
 of the foot militia of the Cape May Battallion of which John' 
 Mackey, Esqr is Collonel, viz. Salathiel Foster Captain,. 
 Robert Personsjun first Liutenant, John Newton 2d Liuet, 
 and David Hand ensign. 
 
 "John Hand, major. 
 
 "Certifyed by me." 
 
 By this time vessels of the British fleet on their way from 
 New York to the mouth of the Delaware and to the Chesa- 
 peake Bay made their appearance about the Cape, and the 
 occasion caused considerable stir among the residents in; 
 preparing for defense. Aaron Leaming says, in his diary,. 
 
Tin-: KEVOLrTiox recjins. 
 
 189 
 
 "On Guard, June 3, 1777. 
 
 "Benjn. Rusji-g-ins, officer of ye first guard, Samuel Erixon, 
 ■George Lord, Samuel Wickwaus/' 
 
 By act of June 4, 1777, the Cape ]\Iay electors were ex- 
 empted from votinj^ by ballot. They only had to show their 
 hands at the public meeting-. \Mien there were two can- 
 didates for an office, and but one to be elected, all who fa- 
 vored one man would go on one side of a room, while those 
 who favored the opponent went to the opposite side, and the 
 tellers counted. 
 
 f.p^V> £..» 
 
 f" ^? 
 
 BtlA.^1 
 ^^^t' 
 
 STEAMBOAT LANDING, CAPE MAY POINT, IN 1S59, 
 
 On June 5, 1777, Henry Hand and Jonathan Jenkins 
 were appointed as commissioners to seize Tory property, 
 sell it if the subject still held out against the new State gov- 
 ernment, and pay the same, less 3 per cent, to the State 
 Treasurer. 
 
 On September 20, 1777, James Willets, Jr., and Thomas 
 Ludlam for Cape May, were named as commissioners to 
 purchase pitch, tar, turpentine, masts, yards, spars, and na- 
 
190 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 val stores, for state uses. The exportation of these things, 
 were prohibited. 
 
 Later, November 25, 1777, Benjamin Stites and Jesse- 
 Hand were appointed commissioners to purchase army 
 clothing. Cape May was required to furnish 50 blankets. 
 
 Major Stillwell's report of the officers of the Cape May- 
 regiment reads: 
 "To the Honorable the Legislature of New Jersey. 
 
 "Gentlemen — The Captains and Subalterns of the Bat- 
 talion at Cape May are as follows, viz: 
 
 "First Company, Jonathan Jenkins, Capt. ; John Cresse, 
 
 1st Lt.; Amos Cress, 2d Lt.; Richard Matthews, Ensign. 
 
 "2nd Company, James Willits, Capt.; David Edwards, ist 
 
 Lt.; Josept Wheaten, 2d Lt.; , ensign. 
 
 "3rd Co., Salanthiel Foster, Capt.; Robert Persons, first 
 Lt; John Newton, 2d Lt.; David Hand, ensign. 
 
 "4th Co., Henry Townsend, Capt.; Henry Ludlam, rst 
 Lt. ; Christopher Ludlam, 2d Lt. ; Jacob Cresse, Ensign. 
 
 "For all of which gentlemen, I pray commissions may be 
 made out, as they have been chosen agreeable to the con- 
 stitution. 
 
 "Enoch Stillwell, 
 
 Major." 
 "dated 
 
 "June 7, 1777. 
 The commissions for the officers of the first and fourth 
 companies were issued by the State on September 13, 1777, 
 but dated June 7th. The commissions to the second and 
 third companies had been previously issued. 
 
 On June 20th there appeared in Cape May Charles Cooke 
 and Allen Cameron, two British agents, who were probably 
 here to give aid to the troops who might land to march to- 
 wards Philadelphia, then the British's next point of attack. 
 They were apprehended, and Jonathan Leaming, the young 
 son of Aaron Leaming, was sent on the following day with 
 a letter to Robert Morris in Philadelphia, giving notice of 
 the fact. The letter read in this way: 
 
 "Cape May, June 21, 1777. 
 "Dear Sir, 
 
 "Yesterdav there came two Gentlemen here from Phila- 
 
THE KEVOU'TIO.X BEGINS. 19? 
 
 delphia, and there appearing some cause for suspicion, were- 
 taken care of by the ^lihtia; and this day Examined by the 
 Justices, when it appeared by the Oath of Mr. Thomas 
 Hand, that they apphed to him to assist them in getting on 
 Board a Man of War. And Sundry papers being found 
 upon I hem \vc apprehend tliey are prisoners of War, and 
 have made their escape from Philadelphia — and say their 
 names arc Charles Cook and Allen Maddison; but by their 
 Papers and Confession on a stricter examination, Confess 
 their Names are Allen Cameron and Charles Cook^ — the 
 former of which having made his escape out of your Prison 
 by heaving himself out of the window. The Prisoners are 
 in Custody, and we wait your Orders to know what further 
 shall be done with them- The contents of which Letters 
 and other particulars we refer you to the Bearer hereof, Mr. 
 Jonathan Learning. 
 
 "We are Sir, with great truth and regard, your most Obdt. 
 Humble Servts., 
 
 (Signed) "James Willdin, 
 "Henry Hand. 
 
 "Directed. 
 "To The Hon'ble Robert Morris, Esq., President of the 
 
 Board of War, Philadelphia. 
 
 "Favor of Jonathan Leaming, Esq." 
 
 Cameron sent a letter to Dr. Thomas Bond, asking for re- 
 lief from the Cape May committee, while Cooke appealed 
 to his brother, an officer in the American army. They were 
 subsequently released. Of Cameron his after life is not 
 known to the author, but of Cooke we have it that he was 
 afterwards, in 1780, driven from the country, and ever after 
 resided in England. He had two brothers in the American 
 army. Cooke was pensioned by King George HL for the 
 loss of his property in America. The letters which these 
 two prisoners sent on the day following, appealing for their 
 release, are here quoted: 
 "Sir: 
 
 "Xo doubt you nuist before this reaches have heard of 
 my escape from there, and I am very sorry to inform you 
 that I am unfortunate enough to fall into the hands of the 
 
i92 nrSTORY OF OAPB MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Cape May Committee. However it's my fate, and altho' 
 you and I differ widely in political sentiments, yet as there 
 is a few British Ships in sight who have on board several 
 persons of Consequence belonging to this place, whom the 
 Committee seems anxious to have exchanged, I Beg leave 
 to request that you will use your interest with your ac- 
 quaintances in Congress, to allow those in authority here to 
 The Bearer goes purposely with letters concerning me and 
 another Gentlemen w^io was taken with me. In complying 
 Exchange me for one of those from the Ships of War. 
 with the above request you will vinutterably oblige, 
 
 "Sir, Your very Humble Servant, 
 
 (Signed^ "Alan Cameron. 
 
 "Cape May, 21st June, 1777. 
 "Directed, 
 
 "To Doctor Thorns. Bond, Philadelphia." 
 
 "Cape May, 21st June, 1777. 
 
 "Dr. Brother: In making my escape, I have fallen into the 
 Hands of the Cape May Committee, who have treated me 
 very politely. Several Ships of War lay off Here, in which 
 there are many of your prisoners, & I'm very desirous of 
 being exchanged, beg you'd use your utmost influence with 
 the Congress to have it eft'ected, by obtaining the liberty 
 of Congress for this Committee to see it put in execution. 
 You no doubt will do everything in your power to serve me 
 on this occasion, as it would give me particular pleasure; 
 the rest I must leave to your own good management. 
 
 "I am, D'r Brother, yours sincerely, 
 
 "Charles Cooke. 
 
 "P. S. If not exchanged, perhaps the Congress would 
 allow my going to New York, either on Parole or Sending 
 one in my Room. 
 "To Col. Jacob Cooke, Esq'r, 
 
 "Indian Queen, Philada." 
 
 The Continental Congress, in session on July 8th, found 
 due and ordered paid a sum of money to Lieutenant David 
 Edwards and Sergeant Amos Willets for their expenses and 
 horse hire in bringing Elisha Hand, a suspected person, 
 
TIII<: KKVOM'TION HKCIXS. 193 
 
 ^prisoner from Cape May to Philadelphia, under orders of 
 General Arnold. 
 
 On the 30th of this month a sufticient number of British 
 -Men of War had appeared within the bay to cause General 
 Washington to give orders for the concentration of the 
 Patriot forces in Philadelphia. The Cape May committee 
 were then busy in reporting by pony express for a couple of 
 months continually, the movements of the tleet, to the 
 Board of War, the Continental Congress and the Council of 
 Safety in Philadelphia. 
 
 The Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania on Au- 
 gust 1st had in payment for such services, orders drawn in 
 favor of Abraham Bennett for seven pounds and ten shil- 
 lings for "riding express from Cape May to this city" 
 (Philadelphia). 
 
 James Wilson (probably Whilldin) was paid the same 
 amount. On the following day Matthew Whilldin was paid 
 the same, while on the fourth David Hand was an equal 
 recipient of money for his services. 
 
 When the officers for the Cape ]\Iay foot militia were 
 chosen there was no c|uarter-master selected. The other of- 
 ficers w^ere given the powder to select one, and on September 
 10, 1777, Nathan Hand was chosen by John Mackey, colo- 
 nel; Nicholas Stillwell, lieutenant colonel; Enoch Stillwell, 
 major, and John Hand, major. 
 
 Soon came the battle of Brandywine, and as the war was 
 getting close to home, the New Jersey troops were hurried 
 up to become a part of Gen. Philemon Dickinson's com- 
 mand. Aaron Leaming thus speaks of the activity: 
 
 "By a requisition issued from Governor Liviston all the 
 Militia are called from this county & the neighbouring ones 
 to rendevous at Woodberry without delay. 
 
 "The 1 1 of Sept, there was a Battle between General How 
 ■& General Washington at Chad's ford & Jone's ford on 
 Brandewine the american account is that Washington lost 
 ^bout 800 as some say. 
 
 "The english lost is computed by some to be 1300 kil'd 
 iby some 3000 & by some near 4000 all uncertain I believe 
 Sc General Washington savs our loss is much less than the 
 
194 HISTORY Ol'^ CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Enemy he is perswaded he says he lost 7 or 8 pices of can- 
 non. 
 
 "All this acct I esteem vaug & uncertain. How remained 
 Master of the field & wounded & that nig^ht Washingtoii 
 retreated to Chester & wrote the acct to Congress. 
 
 "the 19th Septr the militia march'd from Cape May said 
 to be thus: 
 
 James Willet's company 50 
 
 Henry Townsend's company turned out about. ... 30 
 
 Lieut John Cresse 23 
 
 Salanthial Foster 37 
 
 140 
 
 Field officers 5 
 
 Sub. alterns about 11 
 
 156 
 
 "A considerable number would not go 
 
 "The 22nd they rendevouzed at Woodberry ana inat dav 
 crossed Delaware to joyn Genl Armstrong who is under 
 General Washington and by letters we hear that Genl How 
 lies on the west side of Schuylkil at Sweeds fords and Gen- 
 eral Washington on the East side thereof 17 miles from 
 Philada. The 22d some firing was heard there." 
 
 On the 26th of September the British Army and Flessian 
 grenadiers, in command of Lord Cornwallis, entered Phila- 
 delphia, and the main body of the British Army encamped 
 at Germantown. 
 
 To hold Philadelphia the British must control the Dela- 
 ware River, and they finally captured the largest American 
 boat in the bay, and thus secured what they wanted. 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 
 CAPE .MAY PATRIOTS. 
 
 By the third of October General Washington had re- 
 ceived all the reinforcements he expected, consisting then of 
 900 Continental troops, 600 New Jersey militia under Gen- 
 eral Fornian and 1 100 Maryland militia under General 
 Smalhvood, which made his force amount to 8000 troops 
 and 3000 militia. Generals Sullivan and Wayne were order- 
 ed to enter Germantown by way of Chestnut Hill, while 
 "General Armstrong, with the Pennsylvania militia," says- 
 Gordon, was to fall upon the British, gain their left and at- 
 tack them in the rear. Generals Greene and Stephens were 
 to attack the right, while the New Jersey and Maryland mi- 
 litia were to circuit the right and attack the enemy in the 
 rear also. On the night of that day, the 3rd, the battle of 
 Germantown was fought, the Patriots losing the battle. 
 \\'hile Mr. Leaming said the Cape May men marched and 
 joined General Armstrong, of the Pennsylvania militia, 
 there is no doubt of the Cape May men being in the bat- 
 tle, and they fought under Armstrong, being detailed to his 
 command. 
 
 On October 14, 1777, the second election for members of 
 the Legislature took place and Elijah Hughes was chosen 
 Councillor; Hugh Hathorn, Henry Y. Townsend and Jere- 
 miah Eldredge, assemblymen. Only twelve persons voted. 
 None of these, elected, however, served then, but did in a 
 year or so later. 
 
 By act of April 14, 1778, the militia of the southern coun- 
 ties of the State was formed into a brigade. 
 
 From the compilation of Adjutant General Stryker and 
 from local sources and genealogies of Cape May families 
 we gather this list of officers and men who served in the 
 Revolution from Cape May county: 
 
 John Mackey colonel, resigned March 2"], 1778. 
 
196 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Nicholas Stillwell, Lieutenant Colonel, September 20, 
 1776, Colonel March 2"], 1778, Colonel Regiment of State 
 troops, October 9, 1779, resigned September 23, 1780. 
 
 Henry Hand, lieutenant colonel, resigned June 18, 1776. 
 
 Enoch Stillwell, ist Major, September 20, 1776, Lieuten- 
 ant Colonel October 7, 1778, resigned May 23. 
 
 Eli Eldridge, first major, resigned June 18, 1776. 
 
 John Hand, 2nd Major, September 20, 1776, first major 
 March 27, 1778. 
 
 Thomas Learning, adjutant, resigned June 18, 1776. 
 
 Nathan Hand, Quartermaster, September 10, 1777. 
 
 Eli Elmer, paymaster Cumberland and Cape May, 2nd 
 lieutenant in Western Company of artillery. 
 _ Jesse Hand, paymaster. 
 
 Memucum Hughes, paymaster, July 6, 1776; commissary 
 same date. 
 
 John Cresse, ist lieutenant Captain Jenkins' company 
 June 7, 1777, captain in the same. 
 
 David Edward, ist lieutenant captain Willetts' company, 
 April 16, 1777. 
 
 Salanthial Foster, Captain, May 23, 1777. 
 
 Jonathan Jenkins, Captain, June 7, 1777. 
 
 Seth Whilldin, captain First Battalion Cavalry; Captain 
 in Col. Somers' Battalion. State troops, Dec. 25, 1776. 
 
 Henry Stevens, Captain. 
 
 Humphrey Stites, Captain, and Captain in Major Hayes' 
 battalion state troops. 
 
 Henry Young Townsend, Captain June 7, 1777. 
 
 James Wilietts, Jr., Captain April 16, 1777. 
 
 Thomas Stites, Captain. 
 
 Henry Ludlam, ist lieutenant June 7, 1777. Captain 
 Henry Townsend's company, June, 1777. 
 
 Robert Parsons, Jr., ist lieutenant June 7, 1777. Cap- 
 tam Forster s company May 23, 1777. 
 
 Amos Cresse, second lieutenant, Captain Jenkins' com- 
 pany June 7, 1777. 
 
 Christopher Ludlam, second lieutenant. Captain Town- 
 send's company June 7. 1777. 
 
 John Newton, second lieutenant Captain Forster's com- 
 pany, May 23, 1777. 
 
CATE MAY PATRIOTS. 197 
 
 Joseph Wheaton, second lieutenant in Captain Willetts' 
 company, April i6, 1777. 
 
 Jacob Crcsse, ensij^^n Captain Townsend's company, June, 
 
 ^777- 
 
 David Hand, ensign, Captain Foster's company. May 23, 
 
 1777. 
 
 Richard Mathews, ensign, Captain Jenkins' Company, 
 June 7, 1777. 
 
 Henry Young, ensign. Captain Willetts' company, April 
 
 16, 1777- 
 
 Joseph Edward, corporal, New Jersey line. 
 
 Of the privates the following were probably from this 
 county : 
 
 Atkinson, Isaac. 
 
 Bran, Joseph, also 2nd Battalion, 2nd Est. Continental 
 Line. 
 
 Brown, Thomas, also 2nd Battalion, 2nd Est. Continental 
 Line, Captain Holmes' Co., also 2nd Regiment, third Regi- 
 ment. 
 
 Campbell, Robert, 3rd Battalion, ist Est., Captain Gif- 
 ford's Company, 3rd Battalion, 2nd Est., Continental Line. 
 
 Chester, Hiram, 2nd Battahon, 2nd Est., Continental 
 Line. 
 
 Corson, Cornelius, Captain \\'illetts' Company. 
 
 Corson, Darius, Captain \^'illetts' Company. 
 
 Corson, David, Captain Willetts' Company. 
 
 Corson, Jacob, Captain Willetts' Company. 
 
 Corson, Jesse, Captain Willetts' Company. 
 
 Corson, John, Captain Willetts' Company. 
 
 Corson, Levi, Captain Willetts' Company. 
 
 Corson. Nicholas, Captain Willetts' Company. 
 
 Corson, Parmenas, Captain Willetts' Company. 
 
 Corson, Rem, Captain Willetts' Company. 
 
 Crafton, John, also 2nd Battalion, 2nd Est., Continental 
 Line. 
 
 Daniels, Jeremiah, also 2nd Battalion, 2nd Est., Conti- 
 nental Line. 
 
 Davis, William, also 2nd Battalion, 2nd Est. Continental 
 Line. 
 
198 HISTORY OF CAI'E :MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Day, Thomas, also 2ik1 Battalion, 2nd Est. Continental 
 Line. 
 
 Erickson, Moses, also 2nd Battalion, 2nd Est. Continen- 
 tal Line. 
 
 Gamble, Calvin, also State troops. 
 
 Godfrey, James, Captain Willetts' Company. 
 
 Golden, John, Captain Willetts' Co. 
 
 Goldin, Samuel, also 2nd Battalion. 2nd Est. 
 
 Griffings, Moses, Captain Willetts' Company. 
 
 Hand, Constantine, also 2nd Battalion, 2nd Est. 
 
 Hand, Cornelius, also 2nd Battalion. 2nd Est. 
 
 Hand, Eleazer, also 2nd Battalion. 2nd Est. 
 
 Hand, Jeremiah. 
 
 Hand, Japhet, Captain Willetts' Co. 
 
 Hand, Recompense. 
 
 Lisell, Samuel, Captain Willetts' Co. 
 
 Kellony, John. 
 
 Kilsey, John, also 2nd Battalion, 2nd Est. 
 
 Lee, Abel, Captain Willetts' Co. 
 
 McQuay, John. New Jersey Line. 
 
 ]-^lummer, James, 2nd Battalion, 2nd Est. 
 
 Schillen^'e^, James. 
 
 Schull, Daniel 
 
 Scott, Thomas, Captain \\'illetts' Co. 
 
 Shaw^ohn, also 2nd Battalion, 2nd Est. 
 ['evens, Stephen, also 2nd Battalion, 2nd Est. 
 
 Swan, Joseph, also 2nd Battalion, 2nd Est. 
 
 Vaneman, Richard, also 2nd Battalion, 2nd Est. 
 
 Van Gilder, Abraham, Captain Willetts' Company. 
 
 Van Gilder, Isaac, Captain W^illetts' Company. 
 
 Van Gilder, Jeremiah, Captain Willetts' Company. 
 
 Van Hook Lawrence. 
 
 Willett, Amos, Captain Willietts' Co. 
 
 Young, Stephen, Captain W'illetts' Company. 
 
 Young, Uriah, Captain Willetts' Co. 
 
 Captain Nicholas Stillwell was an efficient officer. 
 
 Dr. Beesley says: "Capt. Moses Griffing, who married 
 Sarah, a sister of Capt. Stillwell, was taken prisoner by the 
 British towards the close of the war, and placed in the fa- 
 mous, or rather infamous, New Jersey prison ship; that un- 
 
(^AI'K MAY I'ATKlorS. 199 
 
 <lyini;" sti^i^nia upon the name and fame of Britain, where 
 the dying', the dead, the famished and famishing, were pro- 
 miscnonsly hnddled together. A trnthfnl, yet romantic 
 5tory conld l)e told of his young wife, who, u])on hearing 
 of his imfortunate im])risonment, true to her phghted vows, 
 and actuated by a heroism which woman's love onl)' can 
 inspire, resolved to visit him and solicit his release, though 
 one hundred miles (.listant through woods and wilds, marau- 
 ders and tories, or die in the attempt. She made the camp 
 of Washington in her route, who put under her charge a 
 British officer of equal rank with her husl)and. She reached 
 New York in safety, and after a long and painful suspense 
 Sir Henry Clinton yielded to her importunities; her hus- 
 band was exchanged, and both made happy." 
 
 Robert Parsons. Tr. , was one of the prominent men of his 
 day. He was l x)rn Sept. 17. 1748, was appointed first lieu- 
 tenant in the army June 7, 1777. 
 
 He was chosen Captain of the Militia Company, Lower 
 Precinct, and was commissioned as such by Governor Wil- 
 liam Livingston, at Trenton, March 21, 1778. He was also 
 ■duly elected and commissioned by him Coroner of Cape 
 May county, October 11, 1785, and October 10, 1786. He 
 was again commissioned Coroner of the county by Govern- 
 or Richard Howell, October 18, 1800, and was appointed by 
 him a Justice of the Peace, November 13, 1800. He was 
 frequently selected with others as an arbitrator to settle dif- 
 ficulties among neighbors, and was frequently given a pow- 
 er of attorney to attend important business for persons who 
 were living at a distance from Cape May. And he was ap- 
 pointed by the Legislature, both Council and Assembly, to 
 be one of the Judges of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas 
 for Cape May county, and was commissioned as such by 
 Governor Aaron Ogden, November 5. 1812. He died Nov. 
 7th, 1822, aged 74 years. 
 
 Abijah Reeves, one of three brothers who came to Cape 
 May county from Cumberland, in 1772, was a Revolution- 
 ary soldier. He was born in 1750. He served also in the 
 War of 1812. He died in 1822, and was buried at Cold 
 Spring. 
 
 John Grace was another Revolutionary soldier not re- 
 
200 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 corded in the list of General Strykcr. He enlisted June 13,- 
 1777, in Captain Samuel Flannagan's Company, Third New 
 Jersey battalion, second establishment. He took part with 
 the New Jersey Brigade in the campaign in Western Penn- 
 sylvania under General Sullivan against the Six Nations In- 
 dians. He also served in Captain Joseph I. Anderson's com- 
 pany, first regiment New Jersey Continental line, and was 
 detailed to and served in the New Jersey Light Infantry 
 battalion, Colonel Francis Barber commanding, and was 
 with the New Jersey troops at the siege of Yorktown, ^'a., 
 and at the battle of Yorktown and surrender of Cornwallis, 
 on October 19, 1781. He was discharged June 5, 1783, by 
 General Washington. He died April 10, 1835, and was • 
 buried in Union Cemetery, Dennisville. 
 
 The incomplete records show him acting in these capa- 
 cities: 1777. fifer; 1778, March, fifcr, and 1779, February, 
 fifer. 
 
 The Pension office records say he was in the battles of 
 Bennington, Brandywine, Monmouth and Yorktown. In 
 March, Alay, June and July, 1779, he was a conductor of 
 stores, and in each of these months Quartermaster General 
 John Mitchell sent him in charge of stores to Colonel Hoop- 
 er at Easton. He carried with him during the latter years 
 of his service, a letter written by General Washington to 
 General Gates, saying that John Grace was a scout and 
 could be trusted wdth any important despatches which might 
 pass between them relative to military afifairs. 
 
 Henry Young Townsend, captain of the fourth company 
 of Cape May, was born May 7th, 1744. He was a member 
 of the Legislature from 1779 to 1780, and sheriff of the 
 county from 1774 to 1777. He died May 13th, 1789. 
 
 The good services which the New Jersey militia perform- 
 ed in this state are recorded in history. Some of them par- 
 ticipated in the fights and skirmishes at Quinton's Bridge, 
 Hancock's Bridge, Three Rivers, Connecticut Farms, Van 
 Nest's Mills, and in battles supporting the Continental 
 army at Long Island, Trenton, Assunpink, Princeton, Ger- 
 manto\A^n, Springfield and Monmouth. 
 
 Following is a statement of Revolutionary Pensioners on 
 the rolls in 1818 and 1830. In 1833. Jeremiah Leaming, a 
 
CAPE MAY PATKIOTS. 301 
 
 member of the Legislative Council from this county, had 
 other Cape May m n pensioned. The statement reads: 
 "Statement showing the names, rank, of persons resid- 
 ing in Cape May county, who have been inscribed on the 
 pension list, under the act of Congress passed on the i8th 
 of March, 1818: 
 
 Joseph Edwards, corporal; annual allowance, $96. 00; sum received' 
 $1483 IG; served in New Jersey line; placed on roll, August 1, 1821; 
 age 77. 
 
 John Grace, private; annual allowance. $96 00; sum received, 81535 39^ 
 served in New Jersey line; placed on roll, June 30, 1818; age 78. 
 
 John Magway, or John McQuay, private; annuil allowance, $96 00; 
 sum received, $816 87;lserved in New Jersey Line; placed on roll, 
 September 14, 1820; age 70; died, Februrry 13, 1S20. 
 
 The following were pensioners under act of June 7, 1832: 
 
 John^Dickinson, private; annual allowance, $40;00; sum recei ved. 
 
 $100.00: served in New Jersey militia; placed on roll. June ;}, 1833; 
 
 age, 75 ^ 
 
 Ebeufzer Preston, ]>rivate; annual allowance, $33.30; suai received, 
 
 $60 99; served in it^ew Jerseyjnilitia; placed 011 roll, June 3, !833> 
 
 age. 84 
 
 On October 17, 1777, the Council of Safety, then in ses- 
 sion, passed a resolution, which in part was: 
 
 "In consequence of a resolution of Congress of the 31st 
 July last, recommending the executive authority of each 
 State to appoint proper persons to recruit men and appre- 
 hend deserters," each county was made a district, and per- 
 sons were appointed to carry out the suggestion of Con- 
 gress. In Cape May John Hand and James Willetts vv^ere 
 appointed and the recruits were to rendezvous at Capt. 
 James Willetts' house. 
 
 Before and during tlie Revolution there were many salt 
 works along the shore of the Province, among them a very 
 extensive one near Townsend Inlet, on the late James Town- 
 send's place, the owner of which. Dr. Harris, incurred the 
 special ill-will of the British because he furnished gun pow- 
 der to the patriot army. While the British oifertd a reward 
 for him and threatened, these works were not, however, in 
 easv reach of the enemv, and as a consequence not disturb- 
 ed.' 
 
202 HISTORY OF GAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Levi Hujj-lingsworth had salt works at Turtle Gut Inlet, in 
 1777, and Aaron Learning also had a salt works set up in 
 May this year. John Holmes and Persons Learning work- 
 ed theni. They made five tons of salt that year. 
 
 During- the Revolution the Delaware was the object of 
 British attack. At the virtual head of navigation lay Phila- 
 -dclphi.'i with her opulent Quaker warehouses and stores and 
 the fertile fann lands near by. To reach these the river 
 must be ascended and to guard the town and the Delaware 
 shore, Ni.w Jersey looked early to naval protection. Cape 
 May and Luniberland being at the entrance to the Bay, 
 they were considered of strategic importance. Armed boats 
 and boatmen under various captains were gathered in the 
 Delaware. 
 
 Charles Allen, of Cumberland, who was in charge of arm- 
 -ed boat "Gilbert," as well as commanding boatmen on front- 
 iers of Ctmiberland and Cape May. He was also a Captain 
 of militia. 
 
 Nicholas Keen, of Salem, of the armed boat "Friendship" 
 as well as commanding boatmen on frontiers of Cumber- 
 land and Cape May. 
 
 There are also mentioned in General Stryker's book the 
 iollowing captains, these names being prominent in Cape 
 May: 
 
 Joseph Edwards in charge of Privateer "Luck and For- 
 tune." 
 
 Francis Grice in charge of all the flatboats and artillery 
 scows on Delaware. 
 
 Hand, in charge of armed boat "Enterprise." 
 
 Henry Stevens. 
 
 Enoch Stilwell. 
 
 Hope Willets in charge of Privateers "Black Jack" and 
 ■"Luck and Fortune." 
 
 Among the list of seamen the following were from Cape 
 May: 
 
 Corson, Jacob. 
 
 Crawford. Eleazer . \. 
 
 Goldin, John. 
 
 Steeelman, , drowned February 7, 1781, at Egg 
 
 Harbor Tnlet. 
 
CAl'i; .MAY TAIKIO rs. 203 
 
 Ahranis, Thomas. 
 
 Cox, Abram, sloop "Morning Star," taken prisoner Jan- 
 Tiiary, 1778, confined to prison-ships "Judith" Xew York 
 Harbour. 
 
 Edwards. Jolni. 
 
 Corson, Darius. 
 
 .Steehnan, Richard. 
 
 .Stevens, David. 
 
 The following is the list of "Ix-atnien on frontier of Cum- 
 'berland and Ca])e May:"' Jeremiah Ikick. Israel Davis, 
 George Ewing. l^phraim Husted, Joseph Lummis, David 
 Parvin, Jeffrey l';n-vin. Abraham Philpot, Abijah Preston. 
 Isaac Preston, Jarncs Simpson. Buck. * Husted, Lummis. 
 Jeffrey Parvin, I'lrilpot. both Prestons and Simpson, were 
 also private militiamen. George Ewing was a quarter mas- 
 ter sergeant of militia. 
 
 By the end of 1777. while the American arms had been 
 somewhat successful in Northern Xew York and along the 
 lakes between that State and Xew Hampshire in keeping- 
 the British from forming a chain of communication from 
 Long Island to Canada, the hearts of the patriots in Xew 
 Jersey had been made heavy because of the capture of Phila- 
 delphia by the British, and the retirement of the Continen- 
 tal army to \'alley Forge. Here M^ashington and his men 
 passed the terrible winter of 1777-8. 
 
 The success of the Army in the Xorth had brought to the 
 ■patriots the co-operation of France who early in the year 
 made a treaty with the struggling Colonies and soon sent 
 reinforcements to America. The British decided to evac- 
 *uate Philadelphia and concentrate all its forces around and 
 in X"ew York City. The local government prepared to re- 
 sist this, and on April 4, 1778, the Cape May men were 
 placed in tiic Second I'.rigade of the Continental troops. On 
 day previous an act was oassed bv the State Legisla- 
 ture for recruiting four regiments of Jerseymen for the 
 United States Service. 
 
 Jonathan Jenkins, of Cape May. was appointed one of the 
 -paymasters to raise money for the purpose of the act, and 
 Cape May's share was placed at £600. 
 
 As soon as the Winter 1777-8 began to break up and the 
 
204 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 prospects of the British visiting Delaware Bay to attacFc. 
 Philadelphia, the people of Cape May desired to keep their' 
 malitiainen at home to protect them. Accordingly, the fol- 
 lowing petition, prepared by Aaron Learning, no doubt was- 
 circulated and numerously signed, the signing beginning at. 
 Cape Island and being presented to each inhabitant along 
 the seashore road until Beesley's Point was reached. The- 
 petition reads: 
 "To His Excellency William Livingston, Esqr. (jovernor,. 
 
 Captain General, and Commander in Chief, in and over 
 
 the State of New Jersey, &c.: 
 
 "The Petition of Sundry of the Inhabitants of Cape May 
 Covmty. 
 "Humbly Showeth 
 
 "That your petitioners, from their Local situation, are^ 
 greatly exposed to the incursions of their enemies, who from, 
 their ships and vessels of war have landed and often attempt- 
 ed to land; wherebv the inhabitants more contigious to the 
 shore might have been robbed of their property, had not 
 the militia interposed for their relief. 
 
 "That your petitioners are verv ?nnrehensive, as tlie sea- 
 son is now advancing in which they can cruize along our" 
 coast without much danger from the inclemency of the- 
 weather; that they will again infest our shores and do all the 
 mischief in their power, and the many threats repeatedly ut- 
 tered by the enemy, that they will destroy our salt w^orks,.. 
 burn our houses, and plunder the country, all tend further 
 to confirm us. in our apprehensions of danger. 
 
 "That the whole of the militia in a collective body are but 
 few, and when one fourth part of those few is on duty abroad 
 our condition is really weak and dangerous; especially as 
 we cannot speedily obtain assistance from the adjacent 
 covmties. 
 
 "Your petitioners do therefore humbly request that it 
 may please your Excellency to take the premises under your 
 consideration and exempt the militia of Cape ]\Iay from per- 
 forming their tour of duty abroad, and to point out such 
 methods as may enable the inhabitants to keep up a regular 
 guard or any other measure your Excellency may think, 
 most conducive to safetv. 
 
CAPE MAA' rATKIOTS. 205 
 
 "And your petitioners as in duty bound shall ever pray. 
 
 "AaroTn^Idrcdge, Isaac Newton, Ezekiel Eldredge, 
 Thomas Hand, George Taylor, JJaniel Crowell, Zebulon 
 Swaine, Robert Parsons, James Cochran, Salanthiel Foster, 
 Timothy Hand, Ezekiel Hand, Silas Swain, Henry Jones, 
 George Campbell, James Whilldin, Henry Hand, Downs 
 Edr.iunds, Daniel Smith, Jonan Jenkins, William Yates, 
 Philip Godfrey, Enoch Willets, Isaiah Stites, Joseph Lud- 
 1am, Christopher Leamying, James Godfrey, Shamgar 
 Hewit, Robt. Harris, Elijah Townsend, James Townsend, 
 Benjamin Stites, Jacob Smith, Enoch Smith, Henry Stites, 
 Richard Townsend, John Izard, Thomas Scott, Senr., 
 Thomas Scott, Junr., John Young, John Hunt, Junr., David 
 Hedges, Silvanus Townsend, Junr., Davis Corson, Sila 
 Eldredge, Joseph Corson, James Godfrey, Junr., Jeremiah 
 A'^angilder, David- Corson, Stephen Young, Jacob Corson, 
 Peter Corson, Uriah Candy, Rem Corson, Joseph Edwards, 
 ^aniel Edwards, Israel Stites, Jesse Corson, Henry Young, 
 Thos. Stites, Jacob Willits, Joshua Garretson, J ohn Baker, 
 John Baker, Arch'd. Hughes, Stephen Young, ^olin GoTHIn, 
 Jolm Stites, David Townsend, Jacochs Swain. Henry 
 Young Townsend, Reuben Ludlam, John Townsend, Junr." 
 The following is a list, made on May 8, 1778, of recruits 
 raised out of the Cape May battalion, of which Nicholas 
 Stillwell was Colonel, and assigned to second battalion, sec- 
 ond establishment, and enrolled for war, and called for by 
 the Continental Cons:ress: 
 
 Name. 
 
 Place of Abode. 
 
 Com. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Thomas Brown, 
 
 North Carolina, 
 
 — 
 
 27 
 
 Thomas Day, 
 
 Hattonfield, 
 
 1st 
 
 19 
 
 Joseph Brau, 
 
 Cape May 
 
 1st 
 
 17 
 
 Moses Erixson, 
 
 Cape May, 
 
 4th 
 
 19 
 
 John Grafton, 
 
 Cape May, 
 
 4th 
 
 20 
 
 John Kelsey, 
 
 Cumberland, 
 
 — 
 
 23 
 
 Richard Vaneman, 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 — 
 
 17 
 
 Joseph Swan, 
 
 Gloucester Co., 
 
 — 
 
 2/ 
 
 Stephen Stevens, 
 
 Cape May, 
 
 — 
 
 25 
 
 Robert Camelle 
 
 Cumberland, 
 
 — 
 
 28 
 
 John Shaw, 
 
 Cumberland, 
 
 — 
 
 36 
 
206 
 
 HISTORY OF CAPE .MAY COUNTY, 
 
 Name. 
 
 Cornelius Hand, 
 Jeremiah Daniels. 
 Hiram Chester, 
 Eleazer Hand. 
 Constantine Hand 
 Samuel Goldin, 
 Daniel Scull. 
 James Plunmier, 
 William Davis, 
 
 Cum. 
 
 Age- 
 
 1st 
 
 i8^ 
 
 1st 
 
 i8 
 
 1st 
 
 i8. 
 
 2nd 
 
 25 
 
 I St 
 
 19. 
 
 2nd 
 
 45 
 
 2nd 
 
 21 
 
 — 
 
 22: 
 
 Place of Abcde. 
 
 Cape May, 
 
 Cape May, 
 
 Cape ]\Iay, 
 
 Cape ^lay, 
 
 Cape May, 
 
 Cumberland, 
 
 Cumberland, 
 
 Cape May. 
 
 Cumberland. 
 
 Jonathan Jenkins, paymaster and clothier, in his report 
 made on May 25, 1778. to the State, shows that he paid for 
 clothes for these recruits £600, and that he borrowed £500 
 of the sum from. Joseph Eldridge and the remainin^^ iioO' 
 from Jesse Hand. The money was about equally distrib- 
 uted and paid to the following men: Thomas Day. John 
 Kelsey, Stephen Stevens, Moses Erixon. Jeremiah Daniels, 
 Constant Hand, Cornelius Hand. Richard Venimon, Hiram 
 Chester, Eleazer Hand. Joseph Brau, Joseph Swan, Thomas 
 Brown. Robert Cambel, John Crafton, James Plumer, Sam- 
 uel Goldin. Daniel Schull, William Davis and John Shaw. 
 
 The British, however, did not move from Philadelphia 
 until June. Their presence there did not have a depressing 
 efifect upon the patriotism of the people of this county as- 
 might be expected, because on the 27th of May the follow- 
 ing oath of allegiance was taken to tlie State government 
 by the following persons : 
 
 Oath of Allegiance. — 'T do sincerel)' profess and swear, 
 I do not hold myself bound by allegiance to the King of 
 Great Britain — so help me God. I do sincerely profess and 
 swear, that I do and will bear true faith and allegiance to 
 the government established in this State, under the author- 
 ity of the people — so help me God. May 27th, 1778. 
 
 John Taylor, 
 Levi Hand, 
 Daniel Cresse, 
 Henry Stevens, 
 David Johnson, 
 Daniel Crowell, 
 Abner Periman, 
 George Hollingshead. 
 John Stites, 
 William Schelleng-er, 
 Benjamin Ballenger, 
 
 Thomas Gandy, 
 .Tohn Nickleson, 
 Samuel Townsend, 
 John Baker, 
 Ell.iali Gnr'-pt?on. 
 
 James Hildreth, Jr.,. 
 Jacob Crowell, 
 Henry Schellenger, 
 Daniel Johnson, 
 Samuel Peterson, 
 
 Jonathan Townsend, John Foster, 
 David Cressee, Jacob Stites, 
 
 Zebulon Cressee, Ellis Hughes, 
 
 George Taylor, Aaron Swain, 
 
 George Campbell, Aaron Eldredge, 
 Daniel Gar"^«on, Matthew Whillden,. 
 
CATE .MAY PATRIOTS. 
 
 20; 
 
 Christopher Learning, 
 Ezekiel Kldredge, 
 Simoon Izard, 
 Humphrey Stites, 
 Constantine Foster, 
 Memucm Hughes, 
 Richard Stevenson, 
 Thomas Hand, 
 Davitl T()wnsend, 
 John Gi'ldin, 
 Jacob Sniili:, 
 Rem. Corson, 
 Ezra Hand, 
 Jesse Corson, 
 Nezer Swain, 
 Philip Godfrey, 
 William Yates, 
 Jeremiah Ricliardson, 
 
 John Holmes, 
 Abner Corson, 
 Nathan Hand, 
 Richard Matthews, 
 George Norton, 
 Richard Edmonds, 
 Jesse Hughes. 
 Elijah Shaw, 
 Reuben Swain, 
 Constant Hughes, 
 Levi Elclrcc'gr, 
 Jacob Richardson, 
 Jonathan Eldredge, 
 Gideon Kent, 
 Silas Swain, 
 Daniel Hewitt, 
 Ellis Hughes, Jr., 
 Uriah Gandy, 
 
 Stephen Foster, 
 Joshua CJarrelson, 
 Peter Corson, 
 David CoKosn, 
 Joseph lAidlam, 
 John Goof, 
 James Godfrey, Jr., 
 Lewis Cressee, 
 Israel Stitos, 
 John Izard, 
 Jonathan Hildreth^ 
 David Hildreth, 
 "William Shaw, 
 Josiah Crowell, 
 Isaac Matthews, 
 Arthur (^i-esse. 
 Absalom Hand, 
 Jonathan Learning. 
 
CHArTER XVI. 
 
 THE ENDING AND INDEPENDENCE. 
 
 It is handed down to posterity that in the dark days of 
 the Revolution, when the army was barefoot and provisions 
 so exceedingly scarce that the people boiled out, dried and 
 strung large quantities of clams, and transported them to 
 the army. No doubt they were esteemed a luxury by the 
 half-starved soldiery, and substituted in some measure beef 
 and pork. 
 
 In the operations of the remainder of 1778 the scene of 
 the conflict was transferred to Northern New Jersey and 
 New York. The battle of Monmouth was fought, and the 
 French fleet had arrived in Long Island Sound to aid the 
 patriots. Jesse Hand began his services this year as a mem- 
 ber of the Legislative Council, and served during the years 
 1780, 1782 and 1783. 
 
 On the 5th of December the New Jersey Legislature 
 passed an act to raise i 100,000 for discharging the just 
 debts of the State in an assessment of lands, of which the 
 lands of Cape May could not be valued under £5 per acre, 
 nor over i6o. In the levy made upon the counties Cape 
 May's share was £2000. 
 
 On the seventh of December, the causeway over Great 
 Cedar Swamp Bridge being out ot repair, the Legislature 
 directed repairs to be made in conformity with the act of 
 March 11, 1774. 
 
 The campaign of the year 1779 was barren of important 
 events. In the summer the British infested the coast of 
 Connecticut and captured a few towns there, while about 
 the same time the American army counterbalanced this 
 Connecticut loss by gains of positions at Stony Point, on the 
 Hudson, and the capturing of useful military stores. In the 
 early part of this year the principal events of the war were 
 the gathering of the two armies in the South. The atten- 
 
'rnio EM)i\(; am» iM)i:ri;Mn:.\('i:. 209 
 
 tion of the residents of Cape Ma>' clurin^' this year were 
 turned to the water front and coast and frontier defense. 
 During the first half of the year there was not much activity. 
 On June 2 the Legislature ordered that for frontier defense 
 Cape May should furnish one ensign, one sergeant, one 
 corporal and eighteen privates. They were to receive 
 bounty, subsistence money and mileage, and Henry Young 
 Townsend was appointed to pay these men, and received 
 £600 for tile carrying out of his duty. On June 8 Cape May 
 was assessed ±21,103. 3<^1- toward the whole amount of 
 i 1, 000,000 ^^•uch was ordered raised in the State. It was 
 in this assessment stipulated that Cape May landi were not 
 to be assessed over i6o per 100 acres. 
 
 On October 9, 1779, to fulfil the New Jersey estabhsh- 
 tnent, a regiment was formed to include men from Glouces- 
 ter, Salem. Cumberland and Cape May, containing eight 
 companies of 102 men each. Of this Nicholas Stillwell, of 
 Cape May, was Colonel; Robert Brown, of Gloucester, was 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, and Anthony Sharp, of Salem, was 
 Major. 
 
 On December i8th, an act was passed to raise £3,375,000; 
 Cape May's lands were not to be assessed above £60 per 
 100 acres. The levy was £31,200.14. 
 
 On December 25 Parsons Leaming was appointed a 
 contractor for supplying stores of war and settling State ac- 
 counts. 
 
 The inhabitants of Cape Alay. to protect themselves from 
 the incursions of the British and refugees, armed and 
 manned a number of boats and privateers. They mani- 
 fested great bravery, and address, and were successful in 
 taking prizes. They had the most to fear from refugees — 
 as their names were synonymous with burglary, arson, 
 treachery and murder. Only two, as far as is known, were 
 from this county. They were finally taken prisoners. About 
 the middle of the year 1779 the incidents relating to these 
 privateers are first recorded. A list of them follow: 
 
 "]v."2 2d, 1779. The brigaiitinc Delight, Capt. Dawson, 
 on the 20th ultimo, from Tortula to New York, mounting 
 12 guns, with 29 hands, came ashore on Peck's beach, in a 
 iog, at Cape May. Her cargo consisted of 80 Hhds. of rum. 
 
210 lllS'L'OUY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 some sugar. (S;i.\ Soon after she came ashore, our militia^., 
 took possession of both vessel and cargo, and sent off the 
 crew under guard to Philadelphia." 
 
 "About 1820, the tide being very low, one of the cannon 
 thrown overboard, in the attempt of the British to get her 
 ofif, was found by Mr. Ui in'i Smith, and placed at the corn- 
 er of his yartl for a fender. There were three bails in it." 
 
 "June 23d, 1779. An open boat, called 'The Skunk," 
 mounting 2 guns and 12 men belonging to Egg Harbor, 
 sent in ther.-. on Wednesday last, a vessel with a valuable 
 cargo, — which was her nineteenth prize since she was fitted, 
 out." 
 
 "Upon one occasion tliis boat had quite an adventure, 
 when commanded by Capt. Snell and John Goldin. They 
 thought they had discovered a fnie prize, off Egg Harbor, 
 in a large ship wearing the appearance of a Merchantman. 
 The boat approached cautiously, and, after getting quite 
 near, the little Skunk was put in a retreating position, stern 
 to the enemy, and then gave him a gun. A momentary 
 pause ensued. All at once, the merchantman was trans- 
 formed into a British 74, and in another moment she gave 
 the Skunk such a broadside that, as Goldin expressed it, 
 *the water flew around them like ten thousand v.'hale spouts.' 
 She was cut some in her sails and rigging, but by hard row- 
 ing made good her escape, — with Goldin to give the word, 
 'Lay low, boys; lay low for your lives.' " 
 
 "Oct. 6, 1779. On Friday last, Capt. Taylor, of Cape May, 
 sent into Little Egg Harbor, a transport from New York, 
 to Halifax, with a quantity of dry goods, and 214 
 Hessians, including a Colonel, who are properly taken care 
 of." 
 
 "Feb. 7th, 1781. The brig Fame, Capt. William Treen, 
 of Egg Harbor, about ten days ago took the privateer 
 schooner Cock, Capt. Brooks, bound from New York to- 
 Chesapeake bay, and sent her into a port in New Jersey." 
 "On the night of the 22d of the same month, the brig Fame,, 
 while at the anchoring point near Egg Harbor Inlet, in a 
 heavy gale from the NW. with some snow squals, on the 
 flood tide, was tripped and upset — by wdiich sad mishap 
 some 20 lives were lost." 
 
Tin: KNDIXC AND 1 M ii:ri:M »!:.\« 'Jv 
 
 •211 
 
 "Capt. Treen, Win. l^acko, and throe others, were on 
 shore. Thomas Adams. Kleazer Crawford. Jacol.> Corson, 
 and Steehnan. succeeded in lanchng on the point of the 
 beach. The cold was intense. Steehnan, who was most 
 active in cheering- his companions and freeing the biuit, per- 
 ished when near land. Iniur only of the crew left on board 
 were rescued in the moniinir. the rest haviiry' in-rished hv 
 
 :sr- .¥^r 
 
 
 CONdUKSS IIAI.:, fATK ISLAM) IN ) S~)\) 
 
 the cold. These kept alive only by constant and unremit- 
 ting exertion — that being the only method of shaking ofif 
 the sleep of death. 
 
 "Capt. Wm. Treen was bold and fearless, and very suc- 
 cessful in taking prizes. He was, however, run down on 
 one occasion by two frigates, for not inmiediately answer- 
 ing their summons to surrender. Both frigates passed quite 
 
212 IJ I STORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 over his vessel. Treen and a boy, only, caught to the rig- 
 ging of one of the frigates, and were saved. Others made 
 the attempt, but had their fingers and arms cut of[ by cut- 
 lasses. Treen implored for the lives of his crew — among 
 whom was a brother of Jesse Somers, now (1842) living at 
 Somers' Point. This being refused, he boldly upbraided 
 them for their cruelty. They could not but admire his 
 heroic bearir.'^. and, v/hile with them, he w?.s well treated; 
 but on their arrival at New York he was placed in that den 
 of horrors, the New Jersey Prison ship, and was one of the 
 few that escaped with life. In 1806 he went to the West. 
 Nathaniel Holmes, who lived at the Court House, was at 
 one time confined on board this prison ship." 
 
 "Jan. 3, 1782. William Treen and Joseph Edwards, com- 
 manders of the whale-boat Unity, captured the Betsey, 
 which lately sailed from Jones' creek, Delaware, loaded 
 with wheat, Indian corn and Hour. — which was taken in the 
 Delaware by a British cruiser, and retaken by said Treen 
 and Edwards." 
 
 "Aug. 7, 1782. John Badcock took the Hawk, when 
 commanding the Rainbow; her cargo consisted of spirits, 
 tar, flour, coal and iron, — which was solt at James Willit's, 
 (who kept tavern where Capt. John S. Chattin now does), 
 for the benefit of those concerned." 
 
 "Capt. Hand, of the Enterprise, and Capt. Willits, of an- 
 other boat, on the 5th of May, 1782, chased ashore, near 
 Egg Harbor, the refugee boat Old Ranger, mounting 7 
 swivels and one three pounder, commanded by one Fryan, 
 with 25 men, bound to the capes of the Delaware, and up 
 the same as far as Christiana, with orders to take prisoners 
 whom they pleased. They afterwards fell in with a schoon- 
 er laden with corn, and another with lumber, which they 
 took." 
 
 The Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, on 
 April 21, 1780, "Ordered, That a special commission be 
 granted to Mr. Abraham Bennett, pilot, to qualify him in 
 
 and making reprisals on the enemy with an armed 
 
 pilot boat called the Randolph." The same authority about 
 this time gave Enos Schellenger a like commission. 
 
 wScraf and \A'estcott, in their history of Philadelphia, say: 
 
THE KNI)I.\(! AND TNI Hn'KXDEXCK. 213 
 
 "In consequence of depredations committed in the Dela- 
 ware Bay and River this year by picarooning- boats belong- 
 ing to Tories, Capt. Boys v>r,s sen' down with one of the 
 State galleys to chase ofif the marauders. The packet 
 'Mercury' was also ordered by Congress to assist in clear- 
 ing the bay and river, and commissions were issued to the 
 pilot boats 'Randolph; Capt. Abraham Bennett; the 
 'George,' Capt. Daniel Hand; and the 'Hell Cat,' Capt. 
 Joseph Jacques." 
 
 Turning back again to the year 1780 tlie operations of 
 the war were confined to the territory of the Carolinas, and 
 it was not until June of this year, after Sir Henry Clinton, 
 the British commander, had captured Fort Moultrie and 
 Charleston, and, after hearing of the return to France of the 
 French rieet. that he returned to New York by water, to 
 begin again operations there. In the meantime the Conti- 
 nental Conr;'ress called upon Xew Jersey for 1610 men to 
 fill up the ''Jersey Line," for the campaign of that year. On 
 the nth of March the Legislature, in accordance with this 
 demand, ordered it filled, and offered a premium of $200 to 
 each of^cer who would procure a recruit, and among those 
 appointed "Muster Alasters" was Captain John Cresse for 
 Cape May. The bounty of State volunteers v/as fixed at 
 $1000, exclusive of the Continental army bounty. On the 
 i8th of March the various counties of the State were called 
 upon for their quota of supplies for the United States troops. 
 Cape May's share was 200 wght of beef or pork, propor- 
 tionate to price. Beef at $240 per one hundred weight; 
 pork 220 pounds net to the barrel $880; fresli pork $280 per 
 hundred weight. 1389 bushels of salt. $120 per 8olb. wght. 
 692 bushels of corn, 30 cts. per bushel. Philip Godfrey was 
 the contractor for the Cape IMay dealings. 
 
 This muster of Marcli "not answering the ends desired," 
 on June 14th the Legislature amended the act by calling for 
 624 more men to remain in service until the following Jan-/ 
 uary. Cape May's apportion of this number was thirteen 
 men, and Lieutenant Amos Cresse was chosen to recruit the 
 men. This was the third or last "establishment" for the 
 "Jersey Line" of the Continental troops. These thirteen 
 men, of which one was an ensign, were to defend the fron- 
 
214 HISTOUY OF CAl'K ^^AY COT'NTV. 
 
 tier, and ordered to march to ^Monmouth Court House to 
 meet the recruits from the other counties. ( )n the 9th of 
 June Cape May was again called upon for money to help 
 pay tov.ard []:c Ur.'tcd States sinking fuiid, wliicJ-! Avas de- 
 clared then a:: X39.000, 17s. 6d. On the 17th of the month 
 Cape May was ordered to furnish 25 draught horses for the 
 use of the I'nited States. 
 
 On August 28, this }ear, Aaron Leaming died, much 
 lamented and full of hoi.or. He was born July 6. 1715, and 
 after reaching man.hood had been constantly a pui^lic man, 
 whom his neighbors lo;ed to honor. He nmst have been 
 a quiet sort of a man. and well deserved contidence and re- 
 spect bv his talents and many good (|ualities, and served 
 them as their faithful representative for thirty years. He 
 was a man of great industry, a large land holder, and a 
 voluminous wTiter. He died the richest man in the county, 
 leaving an estate valued at £181,000. He Avas a thorough 
 patriot, although not serving in the Legislature after con- 
 flict wiili Great Britain had begun. As chairman of the 
 County Committee he did valued service to the patriot 
 cause. He was buried two miles above the Court House, 
 in Middle Township, in the old Leaming burying ground, 
 and upon his monument were the following: 
 
 "In memorv of Aaron Leaming, Esq., who represented 
 this county in assembly, 30 years. Died Aug. 28th, 1780, 
 aged 65 years, t mo., 1 1 days. 
 
 "Beneath this stone, here li'>.5 a name 
 That once had titles, honor, wealth, and fame: 
 How loved, how honored, now avails thee not, 
 To whom related, or by whom begot; 
 A heap of dust remains alone of thee, 
 'Tis all thou art. and all the proud shall be." 
 He left a large posterity, one of whom, Br. Coleman F. 
 Leaming, in 1891, removed the twelve sets of head stones 
 from the Leaming burying ground and placed them side by 
 side in the Baptist Cemetery at Court House. 
 
 By the end of the year of 1780 Sir Henry Clinton cap- 
 tured Fort Moultrie, and returned to New York, the treason 
 of Benedict Arnold had become history and beyond these 
 no decisive events had happened. On the 26th of Decern- 
 
■iMiK i:xi)i.\(; .\.\i» !M>KrKM)i:.N(:E. 215 
 
 ber 820 men were ordered raised in Xew Jersey, and their 
 terms of service were linn'led to January 1, 1782, but there 
 were none from Cai)e >\la\-. On that very day, however, 
 Lieutenant-Colonel luiovdi Stillwell was made muster-mas- 
 ter, and Henry Young- Townsend bounty antl subsistance 
 master for Cape May by the Legislature. 
 
 In the beginning of tlie year 1781 the I'ritish were in the 
 South principally, while the Continental troops under 
 Washington were in Xorthern Xew Jersey and around New 
 York. On the 8th of January the militia of the four south- 
 ern counties of Cape May, Cuml)erland. Salem and Glou- 
 cester were again formed in a brigade, known as the "lower 
 brigade." Henrv Young Townsend, on the same day. was 
 appointed the Cape Ma)- agent for the loan fund, probably 
 to succeed Aaron Leaming, who had died five months 
 previous. He had to do with the management of the fund 
 in discharging the bounty to be paid New Jersey's troops 
 in the quota required by Congress. During the middle of 
 the montli there were some dissatished Jerseymeii in the 
 Continental ranks, and an open revolt was made by them 
 
 : at Pompton. which was quelled by force by General Wash- 
 ington. These men were not Jerseymen. but non-resiilents 
 serving in the Jersey Line. 
 
 As soon as spring opened the army of Washington moved 
 to the Southern States, where they were joined by the 
 Frenchmen who had come to aid the patriots. It was the 
 intention this year of the British to compel the submission 
 of Virginia. Several battles occurred in the Carolinas, and 
 
 -while these events were happening the Jerseymen were still 
 getting men to fight for the Independence soon to be a 
 reality. In Cape May Lieutenant Amos Cresse. on the 
 25th of June, 1 781, was appointed a recruiter of this county's 
 share of the 4^0 troops, and for each man he ol-iained to 
 serve throughout the war he was to receive 30 shillings. 
 The county tax was fixed then at £156 i^d. ( )n the 21st 
 
 •of June an act was passed to raise in the State £150,000 for 
 war and other purposes. Cape May's share on the first pay- 
 ment of £100,000 was £2080. II pence, on the last payment 
 
 .£1040. 5^ pence. 
 
 Six days later an act was passed authorizing the Governor 
 
216 HISTORY OF CAPP: MAY COUNTY. 
 
 to grant commissions for guard boats and coasting vessels, 
 the commander to give a $5000 bond, and it is believed that 
 two Cape May men availed themselves of the act, but who 
 they were is conjectural. 
 
 Owing to the isolated position of Cape May, on October 
 6th £3 was voted to pay for sending copies of the laws to 
 Cape May with other adjoining counties. 
 
 The final struggles of the war in X'irginia were being en- 
 acted, and on the 19th of October the British army under- 
 Cornwallis surrendered to General \\'ashington as prison- 
 ers of war. This news was received throughout New Jer- 
 sey during the next fortnight, and there was great enthu- 
 siasm among the patriots. On the 20th of December the 
 Legislature appointed Jesse Hand, Eli Eldredge and Nich- 
 olas Stillwell to assess damages occasioned by damage and 
 waste on the part of the enemy, the Continental army or 
 the Slate i:;!litia, and t^xi [l:c same day Jesse Mauvi was ap- 
 pointed for Cape May to the end that the public accounts 
 might the more speedily be settled. 
 
 On the 26th Cape May's levy of the State loan of £150,- 
 000 was changed to £1560. 54 pence. 
 
 On the 29th of December another call was made for 
 troops to the number of 422 for the State, to do service until 
 December 15. 1782. Humphrey Stites was made captain 
 for the Cape May county compau}-. which was to be com- 
 posed of twenty men, and those of Cape May, Salem and 
 Cumberland were ordered to do "duty on land and water." 
 
 In March, 1782, they were allowed to cruise on the Dela- 
 ware bay, if necessary, between Cape May and Reedy Is- 
 land and as far eastward on the ocean as Little Egg Harbor. 
 
 Mr. Andrew Higgins, of Cape May, was paid by the Con- 
 tinental Congress on January 14, 1782, for "his services at 
 Cape May in watching the British fleet out of New York." 
 
 "The Pennsylvania Journal" of 29 May, 1782, contains 
 the following: 
 
 "Captain Richard Grinncll who came to town last Satur- 
 day, we are informed, that he sailed from Cadiz, the 27 of 
 March last, in the ship Lady Jay, bound for this port (Phil- 
 adelphia) and on the i6th instant came to anchor in Cape 
 May road, and took a pilot on board; but there being there 
 
THE ENDING AND INDEPENDENCE. 217 
 
 six sailed English ships of war in sight, the pilot could not 
 proceed, and the day following he was attacked by seven 
 boats from the enemy, who boarded the ship, cut her cable, 
 and towed her ofi under cover of the men of war, and the 
 next day he had the mortification to see his ship in flame. 
 Before he was boarded he got the ship within nuiskct shot 
 of the shore with a warpe, in order to ground her, but a brisk 
 gale springing up from the eastward, the rope broke and 
 prevented the accomplishment of his design. 
 
 "Captain Grinnell returns his sincere thanks to the inhab- 
 itants of Cape Alay who came to his assistance with their 
 arms, but in a particular manner to the gentlemen who had 
 the field piece and fought till all the powder was gone." 
 
 Cape May required, in 1782, to furnish £156. i^d. for 
 frontier defense. On June 22nd Cape May was apportioned 
 to pay £936 of a State levy of £90,000. 
 
 By the end of this year, and the defeats of the British 
 arms becoming unpopular at home, negotiations for peace 
 had been commenced between the two countries, which cul- 
 minated in England the next year virtually acknowledging 
 the independence of America. 
 
 On the 20th of January, 1783, the articles of agreement 
 were signed, and on April nth Congress declared a cessa- 
 tion of hostilities. On the 9th of June a tax levy of £90,930 
 was ordered, and Cape May was to pay £926 of this. In 
 October Congress ordered the army disbanded on Novem- 
 ber 3rd, and about two weeks later the British army evac- 
 uated New York, and America was a free country. In De- 
 cember. 1794, the Legislature ordered a tax levy of £10,000, 
 of which Cape May was required to pay £149 15s. 9d, and 
 two days after the county was ordered to raise £468:4:6d 
 toward a levy of £31,259 and 5 shillings. 
 
 The rise of Methodism did not begin in Cape May until 
 1 78 1, under Rev. James Crowell. He was succeeded by 
 Revs. John Fidler, John McClosky, Benjamin Abbott and 
 others; and ever since this denomination has been rapidly 
 growing in numbers in the county, now having the largest 
 society membership in the county. 
 
 The estates of Tories all over New Jersey were confiscated 
 by the patriots during the Revolution. There is one re- 
 
218 IJISTOKY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 corded confiscation from Cape May county. That was the 
 property of John Hatton, who was an ardent Tory, and who 
 was Collector of the Ports of Salem and Cohansy in 1770 
 and 1 77 1, who had much trouble in trying to enforce the 
 odious duties imposed by the British Parliament. The 
 record of this event in the z\djutant-Generars office shows 
 that Jesse Hand, agent for forfeited estates, paid into the 
 treasury of the State on May 9, 1785, the sum of £125, 13 
 shillings and 4d., which was the money derived from the sale 
 of Hatton's property. The account was sworn to before 
 James Mott, State Treasurer, and those who had a part in 
 the sale and settlement of the affair \vere Daniel Marsh, 
 Philip Godfrey, David Smith, Salanthiel Foster, James Rob- 
 inson, Jesse Hand, Thomas Shaw and Memucan Huwes. 
 
 A letter of the Port Wardens of Philadelphia, of Novem- 
 ber 12, 1785, shows that a lot had been bought at Cape May, 
 on which a Beacon or light house w^as to be erected. 
 
 On the 2Tst of August, probably this year, the Council of 
 Safety in Philadelphia directed its treasurer "to pay Dr. 
 Frederic Otto for attendance on a man wounded at Cape 
 May in the service of the State, £6:11:1^." This was prob- 
 ably for attending Thomas Godfrey, wdio was wounded at 
 a training on the 3d of May, 1777. 
 
 Jonathan Hand, County Clerk of Cape May from 1840 
 to" 1890, says that it was in the year 1785 that the regular 
 recording of deeds were begun for Cape May county in the 
 Clerk's office. Some were recorded from 1694 to 1726. 
 
 On November 26, 1785, Cape May county was taxed by 
 law for State expenses £149:15:9. By act of May 26, 1786, 
 Cape May was to have £1497 ^7^- 6d. of the £100.000 State 
 bills of credit, which were to be "let out on loan" by the 
 commissioners for that purpose. On ■ November 21, 
 this year, the Legislature levied a tax of £59:17 "pon the 
 county to pay State expenses. The next year, on June 7th, 
 Cape May was taxed £187:5 for State expenses. 
 
 On the 30th of October an act was passed empowering 
 James Godfrey, Thomas Learning and Christopher Lud- 
 1am to bank, dam and erect other water works at Mill 
 creek, a branch of Dennis creek, which was extended from 
 the fast land of Thomas Leaming's across the meadow and 
 
'I'liK K.xDix*; AM) ixi>i:ri:xin:.\(:i:. si'j 
 
 M\\\ creek to the fast land of Christopher Ludlani. In the 
 iall of this year Jesse Hand, Jacob Eldredge and Matthew 
 Whillden were elected delegates to the State Convention 
 to act on the ratification of the Constitution of the United 
 States, which had been unanimously agreed upon by the 
 delegates to the Constitutional Convention on September 
 17th. The State Convention met at Trenton on the second 
 Tuesday of December, and on the 19th unanimously adopted 
 it, when the members went in solenm procession to the 
 Court House, where the ratification was publicly read to 
 the peo])le. New Jersey being the third State to ratify. At- 
 tending this convention was the last public act of Jesse 
 Hand.^ 
 
 "He created," says Dr. Beesley, "great astonishment with 
 the people, when he presented to their wondering eyes the 
 first top-carriage (an old-fashioned chair) that was ever 
 l)rought into the county. The horse cart was the favorite 
 Tchicle in those times, whether for family visiting, or going 
 to meeting purposes, and any innovation upon these usages, 
 -or those of their ancestors, was looked upon with jealousy 
 :and distrust." 
 
 "Pennsylvania Gazette," of February 6. 1788, contains 
 the following account of how Matthew Hand saved "the life 
 ■of Capt. Decatur": "Sunday last Capt. Decature, in the 
 'Sloop Nancy, got safe into Hereford Inlet, (about twelve 
 miles N. E. of the Pitch of Cape May) after a passage of /2 
 days from Demarara. He has been on the coast since the 
 25th of December, and fifteen times blown ofi. His mate 
 :and one of his hands were washed overboard, but the mate 
 "^vas fortunately saved by catching hold of a rope ; another of 
 his men had an arm broke by the same sea. The vessel be- 
 ing leaky, and his provisions expended, Capt. Decature al- 
 most despaired of being able to make any port, when fortu- 
 nately fell in with Mr. Matthew Hand of the Cape May Pi- 
 lots, who made it a rule to go out in his boat every fair day. 
 To this vigilant Pilot Capt. Decature feels himself greatly 
 indebted for the present safety of himself and vessel. As 
 soon as the sloop was got into a place of safety, Mr. Hand 
 -went out in quest of two sloops then in the offing." 
 
 On November 27, 1788. an act was passed by the Legisla- 
 
220 HISTORY OP^ CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 ture for the appointment of managers to build a bridge over 
 Cedar Swamp Creek from the lands of Job Young on the- 
 southeast to the lands of John Van Gilder on the northwests 
 The bridge was to be twelve feet wide. Cranberries are first 
 mentioned in the of^cial records as being an important ar- 
 ticle, which, if then encouraged, might be profitable for ex- 
 portation. 
 
 By this time the habit of pasturing cattle on Peck's Beach 
 generally prevailed, and the owners of the Beach objecting 
 to fences marking the property of each owner, petitioned, 
 the Legislature for allowing its use in common. The- 
 Legislature, on November lo, 1789, passed an act authoriz- 
 ing the pasturing of ten head of horses or cattle on every 
 100 acres. For allowing horses over 18 months or any hogs, 
 sheep or goats to graze on the beach fines were to be im- 
 posed, as well as for the violation of more than ten head for 
 each 100 acres. On the following day the Legislature pass- 
 ed an act authorizing David Townsend, Thomas Shaw, 
 Henry Ludlam, Christopher Smith and Jacocks Swain ta 
 build a bridge over the north and south branches of Dennis 
 Creek, and to claw out a public road from Thomas Learn- 
 ing's ship yard. The road was to extend from the ship yard 
 to the main road leading from Great Cedar Swamp to David. 
 Johnson's saw mill. Vessels were not to moor to the bridge 
 nor take the planks from it. 
 
 Pastor Watt, of the Cold Spring Presbyterian church,, 
 died this year. On his tombstone are these words: 
 'Tn Memory of 
 the Rev. James Watt, 
 who departed this life 
 19th Nov'br. 1789 
 Aged 46 years. 
 If disinterested Kindness, Integrity, 
 
 Justice and Truth 
 Deserve the Tributary Tear, 
 Here it is claimed." 
 By act of June 12, 1790, when £30,000 was raised in the 
 State, Cape May was to pay toward it the three separate 
 sums of £182:15:4, £146:4:3. and £109:13:3. On November 
 25 the county was again taxed £219:6:6 for a State levy. 
 
THE ENDI\(; AND TNDErK.NDENCE. 221 
 
 The first general census of the United States was taken 
 this year, and there were in the county, according to it, free 
 •white males of sixteen years and upwards, 631; free white 
 males under sixteen, 609; free wdiite females, including 
 heads of families, 11 76; all other free persons, 14; slaves, 
 
 141; total number, 2571. 
 
 The first case of freedom of slavery from Cape May county 
 was that adjudged in the Supreme Court of the State in 1790, 
 which was the case of the State against John Ware on habeas 
 -corpus proceedings of Negro Jethro, whose history is given 
 in the following abstract from the decision of the court: 
 
 "It appearing to the Court that the said Negro Jethro was 
 born on the 8th day of September, 1768, in county of Cape 
 May," and that his mother, Charity Briggs, a Mulatto wom- 
 an, was free at the time of birth, and that Jethro was bound 
 by the overseer of the poor to Nathaniel Foster. In 1768 
 the mother was purchased by John Connell, with the infant 
 Jethro at the breast. Connell sold her time of service to 
 Jonathan Jenkins, who brought up the child Jethro. Jenk- 
 ins then sold Jethro to Christopher Leaming, who sold him 
 in 1788 to John Ware, and on motion of Joseph Bloomfield, 
 Attorney-General, Jethro was freed. 
 
 David Johnson, James Ludlam and others petitioned the 
 Legislature in 1792 for the right to construct a grist mill at 
 Dennis Creek, and that body passed an act on May 26, al- 
 lowing the mill to be erected at Dennis Creek, provided it 
 was finished in two years' time. The flood gate was to be 
 fourteen feet wide, and always to be ready to open for nav- 
 igation. The land owners above the mill were to build dams 
 to protect their property. 
 
 On November 22, 1791, the State tax was again fixed for 
 the county at £219:6:6, and a year later, November 22,1792, 
 at the same amount. 
 
 About this time Cape May was provided with a military 
 organization, and on November 30, 1792, an act was passed 
 for its organization, and Eli Tow^nsend was made a com- 
 missioner to organize them. On the 5th of the following 
 June an act was passed forming the Cumberland, Cape May 
 and Salem companies into a brigade. The Cape May men 
 
223 HISTORY OF CAFE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 were to drill on the first Monday of each October and the 
 day following. 
 
 During the years 1794, '95, '96 and '97 tlie county's share- 
 of the State expense amounted to £202:17:10^ each year. 
 
 On November 23, 1795, EH Townsend was appointed", 
 judge of the court, and Christopher Ludlam a justice. On; 
 February 23, 1796, the Legislature empowered the inhabi- 
 tants of Cape May to stow and lay their boats on "Cape Is- 
 land road," leaving two-thirds of the road clear and not 
 distant over 12 roods from high water mark. On March. 
 16 this year the Legislature decided that the horsemen of 
 Cape May, Cumberland and Salem counties make one com- 
 pany. 
 
 On January 28, 1797, Henry Ludlam, Reuben Townsend*. 
 and Parmenas Corson were appointed judges, and Henry 
 Ludlam, Reuben Townsend. Parmenas Corson, Elijah: 
 Townsend, Elijah Godfrey and Robert Edmonds justices of 
 the peace, and on March 3 Christopher Ludlam was added 
 to the list of judges and Eleazer Hand to the hst of justices^ 
 
 Military commissions were issued on March 2y, this year^ 
 to Spicer Leaming as captain and Joseph Ware as ensign^ 
 
 In the annual election of this year there arose a dispute- 
 over the election of sheriff and coroners, the result being 
 that two sheriffs and a double portion of coroners received 
 certificates of election, none of which the court justices re- 
 fused to recognize. As a consequence the Legislature on 
 the 6th of March passed an act requiring the county clerk" 
 to call an election for the 21st of the same month to settle 
 the question. On the I4t1i of October following a State 
 commission was granted Jeremiah Hand, the successful 
 candidate for sheriff, and to John Swain, Jonathan Town- 
 send and Seth Hand as coroners. Sheriff Hand served 
 from 1798 to 1800. During this year, 1797, Persons Leam- 
 ing became a member of the Legislature. He was bom 
 July 25, 1756. He served in the Assembly from 1797 to- 
 1798 and from 1801 to 1803. He died March 29, 1807. 
 
 By act of the Legislature of the 8th of March this year 
 (1797) the county's representation in the Assembly was re- 
 duced from three members to one, and Persons Leaming 
 was the first Assemblvman under the new order. From: 
 
THE ENDING AND INDEPENKENCE. 223 
 
 then to present time Cape May county has had only one 
 member of the Legislative Council (now Senator) and one 
 Assemblyman. The election day at the same time was 
 clianf^cd to second Tuesday of October. 
 
 During- the year 1798 the following military appointments 
 were made: Jacob Hughes, lieutenant, June 23; Seth Hand, 
 ensign, July 2^; Jeremiah Hand, Jr., ensign, July 23; Robert 
 Edmunds, ensign, July 10, and Ludlam Johnson, ensign,, 
 August 7. The Cape May "training days" were then the 
 second Tuestlay of March and second Tuesday of Novem- 
 ber, and the "battalion training" on the second Tuesday of 
 April. 
 
 By act of the Legislature of February 13, 1798, the county 
 Board of Chosen Freeholders was incorporated, and soon 
 after organized. On the 21st of February the Upper, Middle 
 and Lower jn-ccincts were incorporated into townships, with 
 boundaries nearly as those which exist to-day, excepting" 
 that LTpper township formerly comprised all of what is now 
 (1896) Upper and Dennis townships. The Common Pitas 
 and Quarter Sessions Courts then met in Middle township- 
 four times a year, namely, in February, May, August andl 
 October, while the circuit judge of the Supreme Court ap- 
 peared in Cape May only in May. 
 
 Jonathan Leaming was granted two State connnissions 
 as sherifif in October of both 1798 and 1799, but Jeremiah 
 Hand seems to have actually served from 1798 to 1801, as 
 mentioned before. 
 
 In the incidental bill of the Legislature of February 21, 
 1799. Elijah Townsend received £3 15s. for taking to Tren- 
 ton the papers of the late Elijah Hughes, when the latter 
 was surrogate. 
 
CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 THE COUNTY IN 1800. 
 
 In the beginning of the present century the foundations 
 of nearly all the villages now in existence had been laid by 
 the sparsely settled hamlets. They were located upon the 
 two natural highways that ran through the county, either 
 parallel with the seashore or with the bay side. The total 
 number of residents of the county in 1800, according to the 
 Federal census, was 3066, of which 98 were slaves. The 
 proportion was as follows: White males under ten, 487; be- 
 tween ten and sixteen, 242; between sixteen and twenty- 
 six, 334; between twenty-six and forty-five, 264; over forty- 
 five, 197; females under ten, 449; between ten and sixteen, 
 227; between sixteen and twenty-six, 272; between twenry- 
 six and forty-five, 279; above forty-five, 137; all other free 
 persons, 80. 
 
 Among the villages which were centres of life at the time 
 were Middletown (now Cape May Court House), Cold 
 Spring, Cape Island (now Cape May City), Tuckahoe, East 
 Creek (now Eldora), West Creek, Dennisville, Goshen, 
 Fishing Creek, Green Creek and Seaville. The first post- 
 ofiice was established at Dennis Creek in 1802, when Jere- 
 miah Johnson was appointed postmaster, October 9. In 
 the following year Jeremiah Hand was appointed the first 
 postmaster at Cape May Court House, on January i. On 
 January 30, 1804, the office at Cape Island was established, 
 with Ellis Hughes as postmaster. Cold Spring was desig- 
 nated a postofifice in 1809, and Aaron Eldredge commission- 
 ed in charge on October i. The mails were previous to this 
 time carried by private parties. The stage routes had not 
 yet been established, and the vessel w^as probably the prin- 
 cipal means of transportation. 
 
 In the fall election of 1800 Jonathan Leammg had been 
 chosen sheriff and was commissioned October 21, and Rob- 
 
j'liH corNTV I.N iscn. 225 
 
 <€rt Parsons, James Ludlam and lluinplirey Stitts, coroners, 
 who were commissioned October i8. 
 
 Dr. Beesley, speaking of the cordwood industry, begun 
 about this time, says: 
 
 "It was not until recently, within the present century, 
 that cord wood became a staple article of trade. Many thou- 
 ■sand cords are annually shipped from the county, in return 
 for goods and produce of various descriptions, of which 
 ilour and corn were formerly the most heavy articles. 
 
 "The failure in some measure of wood and lumber, and 
 the improvements progressing in all parts of our State in 
 agricultural pursuits, have prompted our farmers to keep 
 pace with the era of progression, so much so that the corn 
 and wheat now raised in the county fall but little short of 
 a supply; and when the grand desideratum shall have been 
 achieved, of supplying our own wants in the great staple of 
 corn and flour, it will be a proud day for Cape May, and 
 lier people will be stimulated to greater exertions, from 
 ■which corresponding rewards and benefits may arise." 
 
 Among the civil commissions granted in the State in 
 i8bi were: Christopher Smith, justice, February 26; Stephen 
 Hand, justice, February 26; Aaron Eldredge, surrogate, 
 July 31; Thomas H. Hughes, sherifT, October 17; Enoch 
 Townsend, coroner, October 17; James Ludlam, coroner, 
 October 17; Elijah Townsend, justice, November 24. In 
 1802 State commissions were issued as follows: John Town- 
 send, surrogate, June 15; Thomas H. Hughes, sheriff, Oc- 
 tober 16; James Ludlam, Seth Hand and Aaron Eldredge, 
 coroners, October 16. Aaron Eldredge, a son of Jeremiah 
 Eldredge, was born June 13, 1771, and died August 21, 
 1819, and is buried at Cold Spring. 
 
 At the opening of the century Cape May was already 
 Icnown as a summer resort, and probably the first advertise- 
 ment of the fact was that of Postmaster Ellis Hughes, of 
 Cape Island, which appeared in the "Daily Aurora," of 
 Philadelphia, on June 30, 1801, which read as follows: 
 
 "The public are respectfully informed that the subscriber, 
 lias prepared himself for entertaining company who use sea 
 l)athing, and he is accommodated with extensive house- 
 
22(5 HISTOKY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 room, with fish, oysters, crabs, and good liquors. Care will 
 \)e taken of gentlemen's horses. 
 
 "The situation is beautiful, just at the confluence of the 
 Delaware Bay with the Ocean, in sight of the Light House, 
 and afifords a view of the shipping which enters and leaves 
 the Delaware; Carriages may be driven along the margin 
 of the ocean for miles, and the wheels will scarcely make an 
 impression upon the sand; the slope of the shore is so regu- 
 lar that persons may wade a great distance. It is the most 
 delightful spot the citizens can retire to in the hot season. 
 
 "A Stage starts from Cooper's Ferry on Thursday in ev- 
 ery week, and arrives at Cape Island on Friday ; it starts 
 from Cape Island on Friday and Tuesday in each week, and 
 arrives in Philadelphia the following day. 
 
 "Gentlemen who travel in their own carriages will observe 
 the following directions: Philadelphia to Woodbury is '9 
 miles, thence to Glass-house, 10, Malaga Hill, 10, Lehman's 
 Mill, 12, Port Elizabeth. 7, Dennis Creek, 12, Cape May, 9, 
 pitch of the Cape, 15, is 84; and the last 18 is open to the 
 sea shore. Those who choose water conveyance can find 
 vessels almost any time. ELLIS HUGHES." 
 
 The hotel which Ellis Hughes kept was called the Atlan- 
 tic, and was made away with to give place to the New At- 
 lantic. It was located at what is now the foot of Jackson 
 street. 
 
 The resort grew in favor to some extent, but not so stead- 
 ily until after the second war with Great Britain. The old 
 way of getting to Cape May after the war w^as by carriages 
 and by stage. In 181 5 a sloop began to carry passengers, 
 often taking two days to come to Philadelphia. At that 
 time the Old Atlantic was the only hotel, and was the re- 
 sort of men of prominence and wealth for years. Commo- 
 dore Decatur, the gallant naval oflficer, for years visited the 
 island. Congress Hall was built in 1816 and was at first 
 a large boarding house, but when destroyed in the fire of 
 1818 was 200 by 300 feet in size. It was owned by Thomas 
 H. Hughes. 
 
 In 1802 Ephraim Hildreth, a son of Joshua Hildreth, was 
 busily engaged in running a packet from Cape May to Phil- 
 
THE cor NT Y IN Imki. 227 
 
 adelphia. and we find that he made qnick trips, leaving here 
 on one day and reaching Philadelphia the next and vice 
 versa. He was connected with many enterprises and record- 
 ed his doings faithfully in the diary which he kept. 
 
 The first Metliodist church's meeting house in Cape May 
 countv was finished in 1803, in Dennis township, and its 
 trustees were: Constantine Smith. James Ludlam, Christo- 
 pher Ludlam, Nathan Cresse and J. Tomlin. John Goff 
 preached the first sermon. The members of the class were 
 Nathan Cresse and wife, R. Woodruf, William and John 
 Mitchell, John Townsend. Jr., and wife, Jeremiah Sayre and 
 wife, Sarah Wintzell, Mrs. Enoch Smith and David Hil- 
 dreth, who was a local preacher. 
 
 Commodore Decatur, spoken of before, in 1804 began ta 
 keep his record of the encroachment of the sea at Cape Is- 
 land. It is indorsed "Statement of No. of feet gained by the 
 Sea at Cape Island from 1804 to 1829, by Commodore De- 
 catur." It reads: "A statement of the number of feet gained J 
 by the sea on the Beach at Cape Island measured by Com. 
 Decatur." 
 1804 from Ellis Hughes' house to beach 334 
 
 1806 " " " " " " 324 
 
 1807 " " " " " " 294 
 
 1808 " " " " " " >273 
 
 1809 " " " " " " 267 
 
 1810 " " " " " " 266 
 
 1812 " " " " " . " 256 
 
 1816 " " " " " '' 225 
 
 1817 " " " " " " 210 
 
 1818 " " " " " " 204 
 
 1819 " " " " " " 188 ^ 
 
 1820 " " " " " " 180 
 
 1821 " " " " " " 174 
 
 Aug. 30th, 1829, from Beach 64 
 
 1824 from Capt. Hughes' gate to Beach 606 
 
 The statement shows that the sea in that space of time had 
 eaten away 275 feet of land. The late Jeremiah Mecray once 
 told the author that he remembered when fields of corn were 
 grown where the pavilion of the iron pier now (1890) stands. 
 
 Persons Learning, the sixth son of Aaron Learning, 2d, 
 
228 HISTORY OF CAPE xMAY COUNTY. 
 
 represented Cape May in the Assembly from 1797 to 1798 
 and from 1801 to 1803. He was born July 23, 1756, and died 
 March 29, 1807. 
 
 William Eldredge, who was a member of State Legisla- 
 tive Council (Senate) from 1805 to 1806, was an Englishman, 
 who came from Long Island to Cape May late in the eigh- 
 teenth century. His wife was Judith Corson, a daughter of 
 Nathan Corson, a man of wealth, who owned what is now 
 the Mount Vernon neighborhood. He was one of the early 
 settlers of Cape Island, buying his land of Thomas Hand, 
 it being located west of Ellis Hughes'. He was born about 
 1754, and was a Presbyterian in faith. He died in 1809. 
 
 Matthew Whilldin, who about this time was very promi- 
 nent in affairs of the county, was a son of Joseph Whilldin, 
 the patriot. He was born in 1749, and died July 16, 1828, 
 aged 79 years. 
 
 He was for nearly a half century a ruling elder of the Cold 
 Spring Presbyterian Church, to which position he was elect- 
 ed probably in the year 1790. B_ecause of his long service 
 in that church he was appointed June 27, 1828, to write a 
 history of the church, which he was never allowed to do, 
 because of a severe kick he received from a vicious horse, 
 which ended his life nineteen days after his appointment. 
 In a civil capacity Mr. Whilldin was a valued citizen, and 
 was in the State Legislature for nearly twenty years. He 
 was first in the Assembly from 1791 to 1794, and then in 
 the Legislative Council from 1794 to 1796. Again in 1804 
 he re-entered the Assembly, serving one year, and then re- 
 entered the Legislative Council twice afterward, serving 
 from 1806 to 1807, and from 1809 to 181 1. 
 
 Jacob Hughes, who was sherifif of Cape May county 
 from 1808 to 1809, was born about 1770 and died in 1830. 
 He was commissioned a lieutenant of the Cape May militia 
 June 23, 1798. 
 
 Cape May men were early in the habit of saving life from 
 wrecks. In February, 1809, the British ship "Guatamoozin," 
 with a cargo of teas and silks from the coast of China for 
 New York, carne ashore on Seven-Mile Beach, near Town- 
 send's Inlet. She was a full-rigged ship. The beach, then a 
 desolate waste of cedars and sand, was covered with two feet 
 
THE COl'XTY IN ISOO. 229 
 
 of snow. An old hut was the only semblance of life there, 
 and that was only temporarily occupied by Humphrey 
 Swain, Nathaniel Stites and Zebulon Stites, who were there 
 gunning. These gunners went to the mainland, notified 
 the farmer residents, and then all returned to aid the ship- 
 wrecked mariners. The crew was safely landed, but the 
 cargo was lost. The rescuers and rescued experienced great 
 hardships, and that was probably the most disastrous ship- 
 wreck that ever came upon Cape May's shores, save one ten 
 or fifteen years later. 
 
 By the census of 1810 Cape May county had a population 
 of 3632, of which 81 were slaves and iii were free negroes; 
 1803 were males and 1637 females. 
 
 In 1810 the first Methodist preachers appeared in Cape 
 Island. They were Rev. William Smith and Rev. Joseph 
 Osborn. They preached at the house of Mennican Hughes, 
 a well-known Delaware River pilot. 
 
 Of Nicholas Willets, who served in the New Jersey As- 
 sembly from Cape May county, from 1806 to 1807, from 
 1808 to 1809, from 181 1 to 1812, from 181 5 to 1819, and 
 from 1821 to 1822, Dr Maurice Beesley says: 
 
 ''Among those who deserve a passing notice as one of 
 Cape May's favorite sons, was Nicholas Willets, a grandson 
 of John. In 1802 he took up the profession of surveying, 
 wdiich he practiced with great success, and obtained the 
 confidence and respect of all who knew him, by the spright- 
 ly and urbane deportment which he ever manifested, to- 
 gether with stern integrity and strict impartiality in his 
 various business relations with his fellow-man. It will be 
 seen he was a member of the Legislature nine years, and 
 closed a life of general usefulness in the year 1825, aged 
 about fifty-six years." 
 
 The centre-board which has given to America the victory 
 in every international yacht race for forty years was invent- 
 ed by shipbuilders in this county in 181 1, and the letters 
 patent granted them by the United States are still preserved, 
 so that the evidence is beyond dispute that the famous de- 
 vice was first made use of in Cape May county. The ship- 
 builders referred to did business near Seaville, and were Ja- 
 
230 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 cocks Swain and his two sons, Henry Swain and Joshua 
 Swain. 
 
 The name given to the patent was "leeboard." The paten- 
 lees, it is said, made very Httle money out of the invention, 
 because the patent was evaded by building centre-boards to 
 work between the main keel and a kelson instead of through 
 the middle of the keel, as provided in the patent. A copy of 
 the patent follows; 
 
 "The United States of America. 
 ■"To all to whom these Letters Patent shall come. 
 
 "Whereas, Jacocks Swain, Henry Swain and Joshua 
 Swain, Citizens of the United States, have alleged that they 
 liave invented a new and useful improvement 
 
 N in the Lee Board, 
 
 which improvement they state has not been known or used 
 before their application and have affirmed that they do verily 
 believe that they are the true inventors or discoverers of said 
 improvement, have paid into the Treasury of the United 
 States the sum of thirty dollars, delivered a receipt for the 
 same and presented a petition to the Sec'y of State, signify- 
 ing a desire of obtaining an exclusive properly in the said 
 improvement, and praying that a patent may be granted 
 for that purpose : These are therefore to grant according to 
 law. to the said Jacocks Swain, Henry Swain and Joshua 
 Swain, their heirs, administrators or assigns for the term 
 of fourteen years from the tenth day of /\pril, 1811, the full 
 and exclusive right and liberty of making, constructing, us- 
 ing and vending to others to be used, the said improvement; 
 a description whereof is given in the words of the said Ja- 
 cocks Swain, Henry Swain and Joshua Swain themselves, 
 in the schedule hereto annexed and is made a part of these 
 presents. 
 
 "In testimony whereof, I have caused these Letters to be 
 made Patent and the Seal of the L^^nited States to be here- 
 unto affixed. 
 
 "Given under my hand at the City of Washington this 
 tenth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
 
'I'lIJ.: COlN'rV IN 1m:h. 231 
 
 ^iglit Inuulred and eleven, and oi the lndei)endence of tlie 
 United States of America tlic tliiii\ -titth. 
 
 ''•lAAlliS MADISON. 
 
 "Bv the President. 
 
 "J AS. AIOXROE, 
 "Secretary of State." 
 
 "'City of \\'ash.ington, to wit: 
 
 "I do hereby certify That the foregoing Letters Patent 
 ^vere dehvered to nie on the Tentli Day of April, in the year 
 of our Lord one thousand eight luuidrcd and eleven to be 
 •examined; that I have examined the same and find them 
 conformable to law; and I do hereby return the same to the 
 Secretary of State, within tifteen da)s from the date afore- 
 said, to wit: on tliis lentli dav of April, in the year aforesaid. 
 
 "C". A. RODNEY, 
 "Attorney (General of the United States." 
 
 The "schedule" referred to reads as follows: 
 "The schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and 
 ■making part of the same, containing a description in the 
 words of the said Jacocks Swain, Henry Swain and Joshua 
 Swain themselves, of their new invented Lee Board. 
 
 "The vessel that is intended to be built with a Lee Board 
 through the bottom, the keel must be worked wide in the 
 middle so as to give sufficient strength after the mortice is 
 worked through for the Lee Board to pass; then there must 
 be tw^o pieces of timber w^orked the same thickness that the 
 mortice is through the keel, and wide enough to be suffi- 
 ciently strong, and one set at the forward end and the other 
 at the after end of said mortice, and let down into the keel 
 two-thirds of the depth through, so as to stand on a square 
 irom the keel and bolted into the keel; then a rabbet is to 
 he cut on each side of said mortice in the keel, of the same 
 ■width of the thickness of the plank that is intended to plank 
 up the sides of the sheath for said Lee Board, and deep 
 enough into the keel to spike into the same; then fit down 
 a plank on each side into each rabbet and spike them in the 
 first mentioned timbers, then the lower part of the sheath 
 is formed; then after floor ribbands of the vessel is run, then 
 iit knees enoujjh on each side of said sheath to make it suffi- 
 
232 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 ciently strong, running from the floor heads to the aforesaid: 
 plank, from thence by plumb line high enough to tennant 
 into the combing fitted into the beams, then when the deck 
 frame is in fit up plank on each side to the deck, fitting the 
 same tight to beams, then in planking up the intermediate 
 space may be trunneled on every other one, first and leaving 
 one end of the opening an inch or two wider than the other,, 
 and then when the shutters are put in by working them large 
 and driving them in end foremost it may be made sulBcieritly 
 tight without any caulking. 
 
 "The Lee Board is made as follows: It is to be made of 
 two thicknesses of plank laid together crossing each other 
 enough to make it sufficiently strong and thick enough to 
 play through the aforesaid mortice and haul up into the said 
 sheath when ever necessary, and wide enough to fill up said 
 sheath from near the bottom of the keel to the beams that 
 passes across the top of said sheath and the length agree- 
 able to the length of said sheath with the after end sweep 
 of^ on a true sweep from the bolt hole that it hangs on; said 
 bolt hole to hang it by is to be about four fifths from the 
 after end and near enough to the bottom for a true sweep 
 that strikes the forward end to strike the bottom, and work- 
 ed ofif to the same; it is to be hung on a bolt sufficiently 
 strong passing through one pair of the aforesaid knees wifh- 
 a head on one side and a forelock on the other, high enough 
 to fetch the bottom within the knee; with a clasp and thim- 
 ble ribbeted on the upper side of the after end for the pur- 
 pose of a lanyard or a tackle to be made fast to hoist it into 
 the sheath when necessary, the top of the sheath the after 
 part to pass through the deck, with a chock fitted at the after 
 end of the same with a shreve in it for a lanyard to pass- 
 through for the purpose of hoisting it up; and to make the 
 said sheath sufficiently strong there must be a keelson run 
 on each side of the same and bolt through the aforesaid 
 knees into the keel. 
 "Witnesses, 
 
 "Elijah Townsend, 
 
 "John Townsend." 
 
CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 THE WAR OF 1812. 
 
 Previous to the second war with Great Britain regular 
 "trainings" w'ere kept up by the Cape May mihtia, and tlie 
 residents w^ere ready for any emergency which might arise. 
 They were trained in both land and sea service. The mili- 
 tary commissions issued from 1800 to the opening of tlie 
 war follow: 
 
 Uriah Smith, captain, JMarch 11,1800. 
 
 Jeremiah Daniels, ensign, April 8, 1800. 
 
 James Ewing, captain, March 15, 1802. 
 
 Jeremiah Daniels, lieutenant, March 15, 1802. 
 
 Daniel Garretson, ensign, March 15, 1802. 
 
 Nicholas Willets. captain, March 27, 1802. 
 
 Enoch Young, lieutenant, March 27, 1802. 
 
 Joseph Hughes, adjutant, June 1, 1802. 
 
 Abijah Smith, paymaster, June i, 1802. 
 
 Jonathan Hand, Jr.. captain. May 28, 1802. 
 
 George Cresse, lieutenant. May 28, 1802. 
 
 Cornelius Bennett, ensign. May 28, 1802. 
 
 John Dickinson, colonel, November 25, 1806. 
 
 Commissions were issued November 23. 1808, to Cresse 
 Townsend, Jeremiah Johnson, James Ludlarn, Joseph Cor- 
 son, Isaac Smith, Jacob Fester and Levi Foster for various 
 ofifieers from captain and under. (3n November 25*, i8og, a 
 commission was issued to Eli Stephenson, and November 
 I, 1810, commissions were given Shamgar Hewitt and Levi 
 Smith. What offices these commissions were for we have 
 not discovered. When the War of 1812 broke out Cape 
 May county had its "Independent Regiment," and the corn- 
 Missions issued to its officers were as follows: 
 First Battalion. 
 
 Jacob Foster, lieutenant, first company; appointed Au- 
 gust 9, 1806; commissioned December 26, 1806. 
 
234 Illi^l-ORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Jonalhan Nottingham. cMisign. first company; aj-pointed 
 August 9, 1806; commissioned December 26, 1806. 
 
 Jacol) G. Smith, captain, second company; appointed 
 March 12, 1814; commissioned May 6, 1814. 
 
 Ehsha CoUins, heutenant, second company; appointed 
 Marcli 12, 1814; commissioned May 6, 1814. 
 
 Ricliard S. Ludlam, ensign, second company; api)ointed 
 Marcli 12, 1814; commissioned May 6, 1814. 
 
 Jolm Goff, lieutenant, tiiird company; comn.iissioncd l'"eb- 
 ruary 12, 1814. 
 
 Jaco.') Eldridge, ensign, third company; appointed August 
 9, 1806; conmiissioned December 26, 1806. 
 Second Battalion. 
 Ames C. Moore, major; appointed No\cmi'cr 3. 1813; 
 commissioned same day. 
 
 John Douglass, captain, second company; appointed 
 March \J, 1814; commissioned May 6, 1814. 
 
 Christoplier Hand, lieutenant, second company; appoint- 
 ed IMarch 17, 1814; commissioned INIay 6, 1814. 
 
 Swaine Townsend, ensign, second company; appointed 
 Tvlarch 17, 1814; commissioned May 6. 1814. 
 
 Aaron Hughes, captain, third company; appointed IMarch 
 2,^, 1813; commissioned April 15, 1813. 
 
 Jacob Hughes, captain, third company; appointed IMarch 
 12, 1814; commissioned May 6, 18x4. 
 
 Jonathan Crawford, lieutenant, third company; api)ointed 
 March 27, T813; commissioned April 15, 1813. 
 
 Aaron Eldredge, lieutenant, third company; appointed 
 IMarch 12, 1814; commissioned May 6. 1814. 
 
 John Schellenger, ensign, third company; appointed 
 March 12, 18x4; commissioned May 6. 18x4. 
 
 Jesse Springer, captain, fourth company; appointed July 
 7, 18x3; commissioned July 21, 1813. 
 
 William Hildreth, ensign, fourth company; appointed July 
 7, 18x3; commissioned July 21, 18x3. 
 
 Furman Learning, captain, artillery; appointed October 
 2, 1813; commissioned October 27, 1813. 
 
 Joseph Ludlam, first lieutenant, artillery; appointed Oc- 
 tober 2, 1813; commissioned October 27. X8X3. 
 
'['UK WAK OF IM-'. 
 
 235 
 
 ft)hn Haines, sccuml lieutenant, artillery: appointed Oc- 
 tober 2. 1813; coniniissioned October 2/. 1813. 
 
 Isaac Smith, captain, artillery: appointed June 30, 1814; 
 commissioned Augnist 4, 1814. 
 
 Stephen Stimson, first lietitenant, artiller}-: appointed June 
 _30, 1814; commissioned Auc^nst 4, 1814. 
 
 ■•.'\ 
 
 3 ft' 
 
 *'>;)". 
 
 y^ .SET 3\^ 
 
 wj^ fei«! dn^ ^' \ 
 
 .^ "B bpHl ^ 
 
 j^ [tad wj/Zj 
 
 Ezekiel Stevens, second lieutenant, artillery; ai)pointed 
 June 30, 1814; commissioned August 4, 18 14. 
 
 Richard Thompson, captain. Fishing Creek artdlery; ap- 
 pointed July 16, 1814; conmiissioned August 4, 1814. 
 
 Aaron Woolson, first lieutenant. Fishing Creek artillery; 
 .appointed July 16, 1814; conmiissioned August 4, 1814. 
 
23() HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Recompence Hand, second lieutenant. Fishing Creek ar- 
 tillery; appointed July i6, 1814; commissioned August 4, 
 1814' 
 
 Amos C. Aloore, the major of the second battalion, was- 
 born at Lamberton. near Wenton, March 19, 1776, and was 
 a son of Nathaniel Moore, the ferryman there. He served 
 in troops which went to put down the Whisky Insurrection, 
 in Pennsylvania in 1794. He died at Dennisville June 25, 
 1857, aged 82 years. He was fifty years a member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church, and for thirty-seven years was 
 a teacher and Sunday school superintendent. He "rendered 
 efficient service in the late war (1812) in defense of the coast 
 of Cape May." 
 
 Captain George Norton's company, an organization of 
 volunteers, which was composed of four officers and ninety- 
 one men, did service at Town Bank principally and at other 
 places along the Delaware Bay shore. It belonged to the 
 "Cape May Independent Regiment" and was ordered into 
 service by Governor William Pennington for the defense of 
 the sea coast of Cape May county. They were first called 
 out in May, 1814, and from that time until the close of the 
 war they were often under arms and performed several tours 
 of duty away from home during their service. They were 
 all enrolled into the service on Alay 15, 1814, and continued 
 in active service or in readiness therefor until February 17, 
 1815, when they were finally discharged. The following 
 were the members of the company: 
 
 Captain, George Norton. 
 
 Lieutenant, Joshua Townsend. 
 
 Ensigns. Jesse Springer, James T. Scott. 
 
 First sergeant, Ezekiel Van Gilder. 
 
 Sergeants. Samuel R. Springer, George Rutter. Jedediah 
 Tomlin. Joshua Crawford. 
 
 Corporals. Webster Souder, McBride Corson. Gideon^ 
 Palmer, Jacob Nottingham. 
 
 Fifer, Jonathan Hewitt. 
 
 Privates, Jacob Baner, Constantine Elackman, Joseph 
 Bowker, John Braddock, David Camp, Eli Camp, Daniel 
 Church, Zebulon Collings. John Conover, Aaron Corson, 
 Amos Corson, Cornelius Corson, Jr., Elijah Corson,. 
 
Till'} WAR (»F 1S1_'. 237 
 
 Jacob Corson, John Corson, Nathaniel Corson, Eze- 
 kiel Creamer, Anthony Cresse, Jeremiah Dagg, John 
 Daniels, Thomas Douglass, Mauklare Earnest, Amos 
 Edwards, Jacob Eldredge, Jeremiah Ewing, Jr., Ste- 
 phen Foster, Thomas French, David Gandy, Joshua 
 Garretson, John Gaskill, Elijah Godfrey, Jr., John Godfrey. 
 Daniel GolT, William Racket, Aaron Hand, Miller Hand, 
 Elijah Hays, Job Hickey, James Hildreth, William Hog- 
 burn, Jacob Hughes, Moses Hughes, William Hughes, 
 Edward James, Jacob Johnson, Daniel King, Spicer Leam- 
 ing, Jr., Abel Lee, Anthony Ludlam, Norton Ludlam, 
 Thomas Ludlam, Jr., Elijah Mathews, Enos Mulford, James 
 Nickerson, Jeremiah Norton, Samuel Oram, Jr., Amos Pep- 
 per, William Peterson, John Pierson, Thomas Pierson, Jo- 
 seph Ridman, Abel Scull. Jeremiah Shaw, Smith Sloan, 
 John Smith, Criah Smith, George Stites, Israel Stites, 
 Charles Strong, Daniel Swain, Samuel Taylor, Wallace Tay- 
 lor, James Thomas, Zebulon Townsend, Daniel Vaneman, 
 Joseph Ware, Samuel Warwick, Jonathan Wheaton, Joseph 
 Wheaton, John Yates. 
 
 During the years 1813 and 181 4 the Delaware was block- 
 aded a part of the time, and there was almost continually 
 some British man-of-war upon its waters. 
 
 It is related that on one occasion while the British fleet 
 were blockading Delaware Ba}^ a boat was sent ashore 
 from the 74-gun-ship Poictiers, with a flag of truce to Cape 
 Island, with the recjuest to Captain Humphrey Hughes, 
 commander of a small body of men stationed there, to allow 
 them to obtain a supply of water. On his refusal the boat 
 returned, and shortly after another was sent ashore with 
 the threat that unless allowed peaceably to get water they 
 would bombard the place. Captain Hughes, with the advice 
 of his officers, discreetly acceded to their demand. He was, 
 however, arrested on a charge of treason, for giving supplies 
 to the enemy, and narrowly escaped severe pumishmentr; 
 
 Another story, which probably refers to the same inci- 
 dent, reads in this way : 
 
 One day, while the British ships were lying ofif the Capes, 
 it was observed that several barges from the ships were be- 
 ing rowed ashore, containing numerous Redcoats. "Long 
 
238 HISTORY OF CAPE MAV C(Jl\\TY. 
 
 Tom," a long' gun, twelve feet in length, belonging- to the 
 countv, was run down to the beach and planted behind the 
 breastwork of a sand dune. As the barges approached our 
 men wanted to fire on them, but anH)ng the crowd gathered, 
 was Abigail Hughes, grandmother to Pilot Albert HugheS;^ 
 who in her excellent judgment quickly decitled in her mind- 
 that to fire on the Uritish boats nuant but to invite their 
 wrath and bring destruction on our own heads. So, placing: 
 herself in front of the gun, she said sternly: "You shall not 
 fire. We may not be disturbed if we tlon't, but we will sure- 
 ly suffer their vengeance if we do." The men obeyed her 
 mandate. The L5ritish, instead of landing on our beach, 
 row^ed into the bay and landed at Town Bank, where they 
 raided cattle and appropriated whatever was useful to them, 
 that could be carried away. This wise and brave woman's- 
 first husband had been a Revolutionary soldier, a lieutenant coL 
 in Washington's ami}-, Ijelonging to the Fifth Pennsylvania'. 
 Brigade. His name was William Williams, and he fought 
 on Long Island and in the various battles in New Jersey and 
 at Trenton. 
 
 Captain Hum])hrey Hughes was a privateer and used to 
 relate how. when they had run into Egg Harbor, they would 
 disguise their vessel's masts, in order to escape detection by 
 the British, by cutting off pine trees, which they would sta-nd 
 upon shipboard beside the masts, the thick browse hiding 
 the vessel's rigging, so that from sea they could not be ob- 
 served. He was the fifth Humphrey Hughes, and was born. 
 November lo, 1775, and died August 21, 1858. It was he 
 who, wdien in Rome, met his Holiness, the Pope, and his 
 reckless, never-caring way, refusing to "do as Rome did,'* 
 got him in prison there, the custom being then for a!!' 
 to bow on their knees as the Pope passed. He did not, 
 calling out that he was an American, and recognized no one 
 to be his better. He w-as, for this decorous act, seized and 
 hurried to prison. His sailors, wdio were as bold as their 
 captain, broke into the jail and released him. They quickly 
 sailed away. 
 
 On the bay shore the people fared badly in the loss of cat- 
 tle and other possessions which could be carried away. 
 Vessels owned bv Reuben Foster and Aaron Crowell, of 
 
Tin: W.Mi OF ISIli. 239 
 
 Fisliiiig Creek, were ilcstro^cd by the l)y the r.nj^lisli. Two 
 sisters, Mrs. Anne Edwards and Mrs. Web.^ter Clmrcli, 
 while coming home from Pliila<leli)hia in a sloop, were tak- 
 en prisoners from it anti the craft burned. Elijah and Jacob 
 Hand had .-^dt works there, which were molested at tinus. 
 
 Ab!jah Reeves was a soldier in the Kevolution and in the 
 War of 1812, it is said. He w^as born in Cumberland county 
 in 1750 and came to Cape May with his two brothers, Adon- 
 ijah and Abraham, in about 1772. He di.d in 1822. 
 
 Richard Thompson (the first), who was captain of the 
 Fishing Creek artillery, was born February 12, 1768, at 
 Fishing Creek. He died at Goshen Decend)er 21, 1824. 
 
 In the latter part of 1813, as several small coasters were 
 sailing around Cape jNIay from the Delaware River, bound 
 for Egg Harbor, they came in contact with a British armed 
 schooner, lying at anchor off the Cape. She put to chase, 
 fired upon and overtook the schooner "New Jersey." from 
 May's Landing, which was manned by. the mastei, Cajj'ain 
 Burton, and two sailors. Having placed on board as prize- 
 master a young midshipman, with three men (two English- 
 men and an Irishman), she ordered the sloop to follow her, 
 and continue the pursuit of the other vessels. As they near- 
 ed Egg Harbor, the approach of night compelled her to 
 cease the chase, and she then put about for the Cape. The 
 sloop followed, but made little headway, the young mid- 
 shipman being an indifferent seaman. He at length placed 
 the sailing of the vessel under the direction of Captain 
 Burton, directing him to steer for the Cape. He designedly 
 steered the vessel so that no headway was made. Morning 
 dawned and found them off the mouth of Great Egg Har- 
 bor. Burton feigned ignorance of the place. Shortly after 
 a man was sent aloft to look out, the prize-master and one 
 of his men went below to examine the charts, leaving the 
 three Americans and one of the enemy on deck. Burton 
 availed himself of the opportunity. He and his two men se- 
 cured the one on deck and fastened the others in the cabin, 
 having made all prisoners within an hour. With a fair wind 
 he brought his vessel to anchor off Somers' Point. The 
 prize-master was imprisoned for a short time, the two Eng- 
 
 X 
 
240 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 lishnien found work in the neighborhood, and the Irishman 
 afterwards fought under the Stars and Stripes. 
 
 The Philadelphia "Daily Aurora and Advertiser," of De- 
 cember IT, 1815, says that a London paper of a few weeks 
 previous said that a court-martial had been held on the ship 
 Queen Charlotte for the trial of Midshipman Richard Willi- 
 min, of the Royal Navy, on the charge of desertion. He 
 was an officer on the Jasseur, which had captured many 
 prizes in the Delaware Bay. He was recommended to 
 mercy, although condemned to die. \\'hen this young offi- 
 cer had charge of one of the Jasseur's boats, the sailors ran 
 it on shore near Cape Island and deserted. He could not 
 return to the ship alone, and was surrounded and made 
 prisoner by the inhabitants. He was delivered by them to 
 authorities in Philadelphia, but through some misunder- 
 standing he got away, but had on his person a letter requir- 
 ing him to keep within certain bounds, of which his English 
 superiors got possession, and used as evidence against him. 
 
 From the beginning of the war with Great Britain the 
 people of New England had been opposed to the conflict, 
 and that spirit prevailed to some extent in New Jersey. The 
 leaders in this opinion in Cape May county were Joseph 
 Falkenburge, who was then a member of the Legislative 
 Council (Senate), and Robert H. Holmes. They were the 
 two delegates from Cape May county who met in the State 
 convention at Trenton on July 4, 1814, to name candidates 
 for Congress who would vote to discontinue the w'ar. 
 Holmes was elected to the Assembly that autumn on this 
 platform. Falkenburge had previously served in the As- 
 sembly from 1803 to 1804 and from 1810 to i8ti. He was 
 a member of the Legislative Council from t8o8 to 1809 and 
 from 1812 to 1814. He was born in Gloucester (Atlantic) 
 county April 24, 1769. He came to Cape May in 1790, a 
 poor boy, but when he died, April 30, 1846, he was the 
 wealthiest man in the county. He was a tailor and mer- 
 chant. After the close of the war the military organization, 
 "First Regiment — Cape May," was kept up until 1835. The 
 officers of the regiment up to the disbandment of the same 
 were : 
 
'rilE WAR OF ISIJ. 241 
 
 First Battalion. 
 
 Soniers Corson, lieutenant, first infantry; appointed April 
 <6, 1816; commissioned May 20, 1816. 
 
 Edward Cole, ensign, first infantry; appointed April 6, 
 s8i6; commissioned May 20, 1816. 
 
 Soniers Falkenbiirg, captain, light infantry; appointed 
 April 9, 1816; commissioned May 20, 1816. 
 
 Jacob Souder. lieutenant, light infantry; appointed April 
 9, 1816; commissioned May 20, t8i6. 
 
 Jonathan Crandol, ensign, light infantry; appointed April 
 9, 1816; commissioned May 20, 1816. 
 
 Jacob G. Smith, captain, second company; appointed 
 April 9, 1816; commissioned May 20, 181 6. 
 
 Richard Smith Ludlam, lieutenant, second company; ap- 
 pointed April 9, 1 8 16; commissioned May 20, 18 16. 
 
 John Iszard, Jr., ensign, second company; appointed xA-pril 
 9, 1816; commissioned May 20, 1816. 
 
 Joshua Townsend, captain, fourth company; appointed 
 April 10, 1816; conmiissioned May 20, t8i6. 
 
 Hugh H. Young, lieutenant, fourth company; appointed 
 April 10, 1816; commissioned May 20, 1816. 
 
 Christopher Ludlam, ensign, light infantry; appointed 
 April 20, 1818; commissioned May 15, 1818. 
 
 Cornelius Corson, captain, first company: appointed 
 March 19, 1818; commissioned May 15, 1818.' 
 
 Allen Corson, lieutenant, first company; appointed March 
 
 19, 1818; commissioned May 15, i8t8. 
 
 Enos Corson, lieutenant, fourth company; appointed 
 March 20, 1818; commissioned Mav 15, 1818. 
 
 David Corson, ensign, fourth company; appointed March 
 
 20, 1818; commissioned May 15, 1818. 
 
 Moses Willet. ensign, first company; appointed April 8, 
 1820; commissioned May 20, 1820. 
 
 ■May Lawrence, ensign, third company; appointed May 
 9, 1820; commissioned May 20, 1820. 
 
 Joseph GofY, lieutenant, third company; appointed May 
 9. 1820: commissioned May 20, 1820. 
 
 John GofY, captain, third company; appointed May 9, 
 1820: commissioned Mav 20. 1820. 
 
242 HIS'IOKY Ol' ("ArK MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Christopher Ludlani, htutcnant, second company; ap- 
 pointed April 7, 1820; commissioned May 20, 1820. 
 
 Jacob Smith, ensign, second company; appointed April 
 29, 1820; commissioned May 20, 1820. 
 
 John L. Smith, surgeon, second company; appointed 
 March 6, 1820; commissioned May 20, 1820. 
 
 Joseph Fitield, surgeon's mate, second company; ap- 
 pointed June 14, 1821; commissioned August 28, 1821. 
 
 Allen Corson, captain, first company; appointed April i5;„ 
 1822: commissioned May 21, 1822. 
 
 Seth Corson, lieutenant, first company; appointed ApriE 
 15, 1822; 'Commissioned May 21, 1822.- 
 
 Smith \'an Gilder, ensign, first company; appointed April 
 15, 1822; commissioned May 21, 1822. 
 
 Joshua Swain, Jr., captain, fourth company; appointed 
 May 3, 1823; commissioned May 22, 1823. 
 
 German Smith, ensign, fourth company; appointed May 
 3, 1823; commissioned Ma} 22, 1823. 
 
 Aaron Corson, lieutenant, first compan}-; appointed May 
 5, 1823; commissioned May 22, 1823. 
 
 James L. Smith, ensign, third company; appointed May 
 10, 1823; commissioned May 23, 1823. 
 
 Jacob Souder, captain, light infantry; appointed May 10^ 
 1823; commissioned May 23, 1823. 
 
 Edward Rice, lieutenant, light infantry; appointed May 
 10, 1823; commissioned May 23, 1823. 
 
 Christopher Leaming, ensign, light infantry; appointed 
 May 10, 1823; commissioned May 23, 1823. 
 
 Christopher Ludlam, captain, second company; appointed 
 June 12, 1824; commissioned July 27, 1824. 
 
 Samuel Matthews, lieutenant, second company; appointed 
 June 12, 1824; commissioned July 27, 1824. 
 
 Nathaniel Dickinson, adjutant; appointed February l, 
 1825; commissioned March 4, 1825. 
 
 Joseph Fifield, surgeon; appointed February i, 1825;. 
 commissioned March 4, 1825. 
 
 Samuel S. Marcy, surgeon's mate; appointed February 
 I, 1825; commissioned March 4, 1825. 
 
 Jeremiah Hand, captain, fourth company; appointed Feb- 
 ruary I, 1825; commissioned March 4, 1825. 
 
Tin: WAU OF isiL'. 24:3 
 
 Joshua Crawford, liculcnant, fdurih company; appointed 
 February 1, 1825; connnissioned March 4, 1825. 
 
 PhiHp Stites, ensign, fourth company; appointed Febru- 
 ary I, 1825: C(immissi(ined March 4, 1825. 
 
 Seth ^liller. captain, first company; ai)pointe(l February 
 II, 1825; commissioneil March 4, 1825. 
 
 Epliraim ilildrtih, licutv-uant, first company; appointed 
 February 11, 1825; ccnnmissioned March 4, 1825. 
 
 David Hil(h-etii, Jr., ensign, first company; a[)pointed 
 February 11, 1825; commissioned Alarch 4, 1825. 
 
 Samuel Springer, captain, first artillery; appointed Feb- 
 ruary 12, 1825; commissioned March 4. 1825. 
 
 Absolom Hand, Jr., first lieutenant, first artillery; ap- 
 pointed February 12, 1825; commissioned March 4, 1825. 
 
 Miller Hand, second lieutenant, first artillery; appointed 
 February 12, 1825: commissioned March 4, 1825. 
 
 Robert Edmunds, captain, second artillery; appointed 
 February 18, 1825; commissioned March 4, 1825. 
 
 Artis Hewitt, second lieutenant, second artillery; ap- 
 pointed February 18, 1825; commissioned March 4, 1825. 
 
 Aaron Schellenger, captain, third company; appointed 
 February 18, 1825; commissioned March 4, 1825. 
 
 Samuel F. Ware, lieutenant, third company; appointed 
 February 18, 1825; commissioned March 4. 1825. 
 
 Thomas Eldredge, ensign, third company; appointed 
 February 18, 1825; commissioned March 4, 1825. 
 
 Enos Corson, captain, fourth company; appointed Alarch 
 T.'j, 1826; commissioned April 11, 1826. 
 
 Ezra Corson, lieutenant, fourth company; appointed 
 March 27, 1826; commissioned April 11, 1826. 
 
 James Van Gilder, lieutenant, first company; appointed 
 March 27, 1826; commissioned April 11, 1826. 
 
 Joseph Goff, captain, third company; appointed March 
 28, 1826; commissioned April 11. 1826. 
 
 James L. Smith, lieutenant, third company; appointed 
 March 28, 1826; commissioned April 11, 1826. 
 
 Jeremiah Foster, ensign, third company; appointed March 
 28, 1826; commissioned April 11, 1826. 
 
 David Cresse, captain, second artillery; appointed April 
 20, 1826; commissioned February 15, 1827. 
 
244 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Robert E. Foster, first lieutenant, second artillery; ap- 
 pointed April 20, 1826; commissioned February 15, 1827. 
 
 Joseph B. Hughes, lieutenant, third company; appointed 
 April 20, 1826; commissioned February 15, 1827. 
 
 James J. Ludlam, ensign, second company; appointed 
 April 19, 1828; commissioned April 28, 1828. 
 
 John Little, ensign, light infantry; appointed April 19, 
 1828; commissioned April 28, 1828. 
 
 Christopher Cole, ensign, first company; appointed April 
 21, 1828; commissioned April 28, 1828. 
 
 Richard F. Cresse, captain, fourth company; appointed 
 April 21, 1828; commissioned April 28, 1828. 
 
 George Ludlam, lieutenant, fourth company; appointed 
 April 21, 1828; commissioned April 28, 1828. 
 Second Battalion. 
 
 Joshua Hildreth, captain, fourth company; appointed 
 June 7, 181 5; commissioned July 15, 181 5. 
 
 William Hildreth, lieutenant, fourth company; appointed 
 June 7, 181 5; commissioned July 15. 181 5. 
 
 Henry Hand, ensign, fourth company; appointed June 7, 
 1815; commissioned July 15, 181 5. 
 
 Aaron Woolson, captain, second company; appointed 
 July 4, 1815; commissioned July 15. 1815. 
 
 Richard Thompson, first lieutenant, second company; ap- 
 pointed July 4, 181 5; commissioned July 15, 181 5. 
 
 James Hoffman, second lieutenant, second company; ap- 
 pointed July 4, 181 5; commissioned July 1-5, 181 5. 
 
 Jonathan Nottingham, captain, first company; appointed 
 December 8, 1815; commissioned February 4, 1816. 
 
 Nathaniel Tomsen. lieutenant, first company: appointed 
 December 8, 1815; commissioned February 4, 1816. 
 
 Joseph Norbury, ensign, first company; appointed De- 
 cember 8, 181 5; commissioned February 4, 1816. 
 
 Daniel Cresse, Jr., captain, fourth company; appointed 
 January 13, 1816; commissioned February 4, 1816. 
 
 Jeremiah Hand, lieutenant, fourth company; appointed 
 January 13, 1816; commissioned February 4, 1816. 
 
 Joshua Crawford, ensign, fourth company; appointed 
 January 13, 1816; commissioned February 4. 1816. 
 
Tin: WAR OF 1S1J 
 
 245 
 
 Joseph Lndlani, captain. artiller_\-; appointed May 20, 
 t8i6; commissioned June 22. i8i6. 
 
 John Haines, first hcutenant. artillery; appointed May 20, 
 1816; commissioned lune 22, 1816. 
 
 Harvey Shaw, second lieutenant, artillery; appointed May 
 20, 1816; connnissioned June 22. 1816. 
 
 John Dickinson, Jr., lieutenant, second company; ap- 
 pointed June 12, 1816; commissioned June 22, i8r6. 
 
 Joseph Baymore, ensign, second company; appointed 
 June 12, 18 16; commissioned June 22, 18 16. 
 
246 HISTOKY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 William Thompson, captain, first company: appointed 
 April II, 1817; commissioned June 10, 1817. 
 
 John Price, lieutenant, first company: appointed April 
 II, 1817; commissioned June 10, 1817. 
 
 Elijah Corson, ensign, first company; appointed April ii, 
 1817; commissioned June 10, 1817. 
 
 John Haines, captain, first artillery: appointed ]May 12, 
 18 18; commissioned July 7, 181 8. 
 
 Harvev Shaw, first lieutenant, first artillery: appointed 
 Mav 12, 1818: commissioned July 7, 1818. 
 
 Samuel Eldredge. second lieutenant, first artillery: ap- 
 pointed May 12, 1818; commissioned July 7. 1818. 
 
 Aaron Hughes, captain, third company; appointed May 
 9, 1818: commissioned July 7, 1818. 
 
 Jeremiah Eldredge, lieutenant, third company; appointed 
 INIav 9, 1818: commissioned July 7, 1818. 
 
 Tames ^IcCane. ensign, third company: appointed May 
 9, 1818; commissioned July 7, 1818. 
 
 Jeremiah Eldredge. captain, third company; appointed 
 September 25. 1819: commissioned January 17, 1820. 
 
 Aaron Schellenger, lieutenant, third company; appointed 
 September 25. 18 19; commissioned January 17, 1820. 
 
 Jeremiah Ewing. ensign, third company: appointed Sep- 
 tember 25. 1819: commissioned January 17, 1820. 
 
 John Price, captain, first company; appointed April 17, 
 1820: commissioned July 10, 1820. 
 
 Seth Miller, lieutenant, first company: appointed April 17, 
 1820: commissioned July 10, 1820. 
 
 Ephraim Hildreth, ensign, first company; appointed 
 April 17, 1820; commissioned July 10, 1820. 
 
 Wade Dickinson, ensign, second company; appointed 
 June 14. 1820: commissioned July 10. 1820. 
 
 Almain Tomlin. captain, second company; appointed 
 April 16, 1821; commissioned June 28, 1821. 
 
 Wade Dickinson, lieutenant, second company: appointed 
 March 15, 1823; commissioned April i, 1823. 
 
 Thomas Hewitt, Jr.. ensign, second company; appointed 
 March 15. 1823; commissioned April i. 1823. 
 
 David Reeves, lieutenant, third company; appointed De- 
 cember 8, 1827: commissioned February 11, 1828. 
 
Till-; WAK OF ivlj. 247 
 
 Geor^^X' r.cniu'lt, second lii uU'iKiiit. ;n"tillcr\-: a]i|i()iiUed 
 'Deceni])cr S. 1S27: cdiiiniissioiu'd l"ol)ruai\' 11. icSjS. 
 
 Philip Stitcs. lieutenant, fourth conipanx ; ai)pointe(l |une 
 13, 1827; conuuissioncd i-'eliruavx' 11, 1S28. 
 
 Joshua Ililih-eth, ensij^n, fouuli compan}-; appointed June 
 CT3, 1827; coniniissionetl h'ebniary 11. 1828. 
 
 ^^'ade Dickinson, captain. sect)n(.l conipanx'; ai)pointe(l 
 uMay 13, 1828: connnissioned Fcl^marv 1. 1820. 
 
 Thomas EUh-edi.';e. hentenant, tliird coni])an\-; a])pointed 
 March zy. 1830: conuuissioneil \\\\\ 2(), 1830. 
 
 Nathanit'l Ilohncs. captain, a.rtiliery: ai)]>oinled [unc T2, 
 11833; connnissioned ( )ctobcr 25, 1833. 
 
 Benjamin Sprins^-er, (irst Heutenanl. artihery: ap])ointed 
 Jfiine 12, 1833: commissioned October 25. 1833. 
 
 W'ilham hlewitt. second hentenan.t. artillerv; ap]Kiinted 
 June 12, 1833; connnissionet! ( )ctol)er 25. 1833. 
 
CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 FKOtiUESS AFTER THE WAK. 
 
 During the latter half of the eighteenth century once in 3: 
 very great while an itinerant school teacher would appear. 
 As early as 1765 w^e find the children of Aaron Learning,. 
 2d, attending school for about a month, but in the begin- 
 ning of the present century we find three school teachers of 
 prominence going about the covmty, boarding out their 
 claims for teaching at the homes of the parents. From 1810 
 to 1820, Jacob Spicer, 3d, Constantine and Joseph Foster- 
 were the teachers of prominence. From 1830 the presence 
 of teachers became general. The old school places had no 
 desks, and hard wooden benches with straight backs, and 
 sometimes no backs at all were aftorded. The books were 
 such as could be gathered for the scholars by the parents 
 themselves, and sometimes there were no books at all. The 
 "rule of three," or reading, arithmetic and writing, were all 
 the studies that were then considered necessary. 
 
 In the latter part of December. 181 5, the brig Persever- 
 ance, Capt. Snow, bound from Havre to New York, with 
 ten passengers and a crew of seven men, was wrecked on 
 Peck's beach, opposite the residence of Thomas Beesley. 
 
 The Perseverance had a very valuable cargo on board,, 
 of rich goods, china, glass, silks, &c., which were strewn 
 for miles along the beach. 
 
 On Friday, the day before she was cast away, a ship from: 
 New York was spoken, which deceived them b}' stating 
 that they were 200 miles east of Sandy Hook. It was with 
 great gratification that the passengers received this joyous 
 news; and, elated with the hope of soon resting on "terra 
 firma," gave themselves up to hilarity and merriment — 
 whilst the captain, under the same impulse, spread all sails 
 to a heavy northeaster, with high expectations of a safe ar- 
 rival on the morrow. 
 
ritOGKESS AFTER THE WAR. 24'J 
 
 Thus she continncil on her course until three o'cloek Sat- 
 urday nie')rning; when the mate, whose watch it was or: 
 deck, was heard to give the dreadful cry: "Breakers ahead!'' 
 The brig, by the instant efiforts of her steersman, obeyed her 
 hehn; but as she came around, head ofT short, lier stern 
 striking knocked off her false keel, deadened her headway, 
 and she backed on the beach stern foremost. In less than 
 fifteen minutes the sea made a clean breast ovc r iier. The 
 scene, in the meantime, beggars description; the jjassengers 
 rushed out of the cabin, some of them in their night clothes;. 
 six of whom, and two of the crew, got in a long boat. One 
 of these was a young French lady, of great beauty. The 
 remainder of the crew and passengers succeeded in reach- 
 ing the round-top, excepting a Mr. Cologne, whose great 
 weight and corpulency of person compelled him to remain 
 in the shrouds. Soon the sea carried the long boat and its 
 passengers clear of the wreck, when it was too lale discov- 
 ered she was firnd}- attached to it by a hawser, which it was 
 impossible to separate. Had it not been for this unfortu- 
 nate circumstance, they might possibly have leaclied the 
 shore. Their cries were heartrending, but were soon 
 silenced in the sleep of deatli; the boat s\\am|)ed, and they 
 were all consigned to one common grave. The body of the 
 lady floated on shore. 
 
 The sea ran so higli that it wet those in the round-top ; 
 and although many efforts were made, on Saturday, to res- 
 cue them, it was fou.nd niipossible, as the boats would u])set 
 by turning head over stern, subjecting those in them to- 
 great danger. Capt. Snow lost his life in attempting to 
 swim ashore. On Sunday the sea fell a little, aiul those on 
 the wreck were made to understand they would have to 
 build a raft of +.he spars, and get on it, or tbey could not be 
 saved. The mate had fortunately secured a hatchet, with 
 which one was constructed; by which the survivors (except 
 a negro who was washed overboard, and reached tlie shore 
 in safety, whilst making the raft), were rescued by the boats. 
 There were four saved out of the seventeen souls on board, 
 viz: one p^assenger. who was badly frozen, the mate and two 
 of the crew, including the negro. Three perished in the 
 round-top, and were tlirown over. 
 
250 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. Cologne, who was in the rigging, and unable to de- 
 scend from the shrouds, let go and fell into the water, and 
 was caught as he came up by his hair, and thus towed 
 ashore. He lived only three days after, though every pos- 
 sible attention was paid him. He and his niece, the young 
 French lady, were buried side by side in the Goldin burying- 
 ground, at Beesley's Point. An eye witness, Dr. Maurice 
 Beesley, from whom the above account is derived, says: "I 
 saw this young and beautiful female after she had been trans- 
 ferred from the beach to the main. Ker features were per- 
 fectly natural; her cheeks bore the crimson tinge of life; and 
 it was scarcely possible to realize that, instead of a concen- 
 tration of all the graces of the female form, animated by the 
 fervor of life, I was gazing upon a cold and lifeless corpse." 
 
 In 1815, during the summer season, a sloop was run regu- 
 larly from Philadelphia to Cape May for the conveyance of 
 passengers. In 1816 Thomas H. Hughes, wliom we will 
 mention later, budt the first Congress Hall. 
 
 In 1818 postoffices were established in the villages of 
 Goshen and Fishhig Creek, at the former place on June 5, 
 and at the latter place fifteen days later. Richard Thomp- 
 son, Jr., was the first postmaster at Goshen and Robert Ed- 
 munds at Fishing Creek. 
 
 The Sheriff of Cape May county during the War of 181 2, 
 or from 1812 to 1815, was Aaron Leaming, 3d. He was 
 really the sixth Aaron Leaming, and was a son of Persons 
 Leaming, and grandson of the famous Aaron Leaming, 2d. 
 Sheriff Leaming was born May 15, 1784, and died January 
 7, 1836. He, like his grandfather, had large landed pos- 
 sessions. 
 
 Spicer Hughes, in 181 5, succeeded Aaron Leaming, 3d, 
 as Sheriff. He served until 1818, and was a second time 
 in that office, from 182 1 to 1824. He was born in 1777 and 
 died in 1849. 
 
 Nathaniel Holmes, who served in the Assembly from 
 tSii to 1812, was born March 17, 1757. in Ireland. He 
 landed in Philadelphia on August 8. 1773. and during the 
 month came to Court House, where he settled. He died 
 there January 28, 1834. 
 
 By the census of 1820 Cape May county's population had 
 
PROCUKSS Al'TKK Till': WAK. 
 
 251 
 
 grown to a total of 4265, of which 28 were slaves and 205 
 were free negroes. The inhabitants were then mostly en- 
 gaged in agriculture; wheat, rye, oats and Indian corn being 
 the principal crops. Large quantities of timber were then 
 .annually exported to market, and the traffic in salt hay gath- 
 <ered from the meadows was of considerable extent. A great 
 
 ■deal of lumber was "mined" from the sunken cedar swamp 
 about Dennis creek. 
 / Beginning about the middle of the seventeenth century 
 / negro slavery began to grow, and it flourished until it be- 
 came a part of the New Jersey social system. All the peo- 
 ple in the State were not, however, satisfied with this con- 
 •dition of servitude which had grown up in their midst by 
 
25-4 niSTOKY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 degrees, almost imperceptibly. At first everybody who- 
 could afford it owned slaves, and the Quakers, of which 
 there were some in Cape May county, bought the negroes- 
 as did the other colonists ; but about the end of the century 
 some of the Quakers began to think that property in human 
 being was not a righteous thing, and the Jersey Quakers 
 united wuth those of Pennsylvania in an agreement recom- 
 mending that they should no longer employ negro slaves, 
 or else, at least not to import them thereafter. 
 
 A strong party among the Quakers of New Jersey op- 
 posed slavery for many years following, and the system be- 
 gan to be denounced regularly by them at their yearly meet- 
 ings. By the middle of the eighteenth century the practice 
 had been discouraged among the Society of Friends, and a 
 rule made against it. As years passed on the other resi- 
 dents of the State began to think as did the Quakers, and 
 the feeling became very strong against the custom at the 
 beginning of the present century. Finally, in 1820, an act 
 was passed by the Legislature for the emancipation of the 
 slaves. They were not set free all at once and turned into 
 the world to make livings for themselves, but the emanci- 
 pation was to be gradual, by which young people obtained 
 their freedom when they became of age, while the old ne- 
 groes were taken care of by the masters as long as they 
 lived. By this method slavery was abolished in Cape May 
 county, and in 1830 there were but three slaves within its 
 territory, that being the last date that any are reported in 
 the census. \ 
 
 About 1820 Cape May Court House village is recorded 
 as having eight houses, while Watson, two years later, in 
 his "Annals," says that Cape Island "is a village of twenty 
 houses, and the streets are very clean and grassy." Many of 
 these houses, he says, were for the accommodation of sum- 
 mer guests. 
 
 On November 28, 1822, the line of partition between Cape 
 May and Cumberland and Gloucester (now Atlantic) coun- 
 ties was changed "to begin at the place where the waters of 
 Mill or Hickman's creek fall into the channel of Tuckahoe 
 river, at the boundary line of Gloucester county, and run- 
 ning thence directly into the mouth of said creek, continuing" 
 
l'UU(JKi:SS AFTEK THK WAK. 253 
 
 the same course ])y a line of niarketi trees (wiiich Ijy pres- 
 ent position of the compass is south, fifty-seven degrees and 
 about thirty minutes west) until it strikes Hughes' or the 
 lower mill pond, on West or Jecak's creek, thence down the 
 middle of the ancient water courses thereof, until it falls into 
 Delaware bay, and thence continuing a due northwest 
 course until it strikes the line of said counties, at the ship 
 channel of the said bay." 
 
 The first light house in the county, built by the govern- 
 ment, was Cape May light. This light is situated on the 
 northeastern side of the entrance to Delaware Bay. It 
 stands in latitude 38° 55' 59", longitude 74° 57' 39". Cape 
 May light was originally built in 1823, and rebuilt in 1859. 
 Its height of tower is 145 feet, and the elevation of its light 
 is 152 feet above sea level. Its lens is of the first order, 
 with white flash-light at intervals of 30 seconds, visible at 
 a distance of 18 nautical miles. Arc illumination N. E. by 
 southward to N. W. Its tower is painted gray. It is dis- 
 tant 12^ nautical miles from Cape Henlopen main light, 
 and 17! miles from Five Fathom Bank lightship. 
 
 The third and present (1897) edifice of the Cold Spring 
 Presbyterian Church was built in 1823, and was the first 
 brick church in the county. 
 
 At this time Joshua Townsend was a prominent citizen of 
 the county, and a member of the Legislature. He was a 
 merchant at Seaville, and a son of Henry Young Towmsend, 
 captain in the Revolution. Joshua Townsend was born 
 July 9, 1786, and when a young man was at first a lieuten- 
 ant in Cape May company in the War of 1812, and later a 
 captain in the Cape ]\Iay regiment of militia. In 1819 he 
 was first elected to the Assembly and served until 1821. He 
 served in that body also from 1822 to 1823, and from 1827 
 to 1830. From 1831 to 1834 he was an active member of 
 the Legislative Council. In 1840 he was a Presidential 
 elector on the Harrison and Tyler Whig ticket, and was 
 elected, casting his ballot for them. He died November 29, 
 1868. He built the schooner "Vitruvius." 
 
 In 1823 Israel Townsend, of Lower Township, was first 
 elected to the Assembly, serving four years. And in 1827 
 he was chosen a member of the Legislative Council and 
 
254 
 
 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 served in that body until 1831, For several years thereafter 
 he served in the Board of Chosen Freeholders from Lower 
 Township. He was a son of John Townsend, and was born- 
 May 12, 1782, and died November 3, 1862. 
 
 In 1825 a new County Clerk's office was built by contract 
 with Ellis Hughes, of Cape Island. This structure was- 
 used until the present brick building was erected. 
 
 The steamboat "Pennsylvania" was in July this year 
 placed on the line from Philadelphia to Cape May, carry- 
 ing passengers distinctly for the Cape Island House. The 
 
 ,I08HUA TOWNSENU. 
 
 "Delaware" was also put on the line a few years later, and 
 since that time steamboats have never ceased to run to Cape 
 May during the summer season. 
 
 Dennis Township was formed in 1826, out of Upper. It 
 was thirteen miles long, with an average width of about six. 
 It is bounded N. by Upper Township, E. by the ocean, S. 
 by Middle Township, and W. by Maurice River swamp. 
 
 The cost of running the county during this decade was an 
 average of about $3000 per annum, according to the annual 
 appropriations of the Board of Freeholders. 
 
 In 1827 Thomas P. Hughes, of Lower township, was 
 
PIUXJKESS AFTEK THE WAR. 255 
 
 elected Sheriff, and he served three years. He was a son 
 of Congressman Thomas 11. Hughes, and was born Jan- 
 uary 19, 1790; died September 9, 1863. He was a member 
 of Assembly from 1838 to 1840, and of the Legislative Coun- 
 cil from 1840 to 1842. 
 
 In 1827 preachers of the Methodist denomination first be- 
 gan to travel in Cape May county regularly and preach. 
 The county was then in the Cumberland circuit. Rev. 
 Charles Pitman traveled over the district as presiding elder, 
 preaching in private houses principally. The three preach- 
 ers in the circuit were Reverends John Woolson, Sedge- 
 wick Rusling and Robert Gerry, and they cacli received 
 about $700.00 per year for their services. 
 
 The steamboat traffic on the Delaware now became a 
 thriving industry. The boats for Cape May stopped at New 
 Castle to take up the Baltimoreans and Southerners who 
 would come down on the old Frenchtown and New Cas- 
 tle Railroad — the first railroad ever run in this country. 
 They would come over in carriages from Baltimore to 
 Frenchtown, in Maryland, on the Susquehanna, near Havre 
 de Grace. 
 
 Tuckahoe was provided with a postoffice on January 14, 
 1828, and John Williams was the first postmaster, and on 
 August 27 the following year an office was established at 
 Green Creek, and Matthew Marcy was first chosen to keep 
 the office. 
 
 In 1837 a new gaol, or jail, was built, and Richard 
 Thompson, of Middle township, was appointed to superin- 
 tend its construction. In the same year the bridge at West 
 Creek was ordered built, and Nathaniel Holmes, of Den- 
 nis township, ordered to superintend the work. 
 
 May 26, 1829, the new jail was completed and accepted 
 by the Board of Freeholders. It was after the architecture 
 of Strasburg Cathedral. Its floor was of wood, but owing 
 to the escape of prisoners later, an iron floor replaced the 
 wooden one. It was used until 1894. 
 
 Probably the most popular man in Cape May at this time 
 was Thomas H. Hughes. As a citizen he had been promi- 
 nent for his thrift and enterprise, and was a man of large ex- 
 perience. He was the son of Ellis Hughes, the first post- 
 
250 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 master at Cape Island, and was born at Cape May on Jan- 
 uary lo, 1769. His first office was that of Sheriff, wliicli lie 
 held from 1801 to 1804. Following- this, in 1807, he was 
 elected to the Assembly, and served one year. He served 
 there also from 1809 to 1810, and from 1812 to 1813. In 
 1816 he built the first Congress Hall at Cape Island. The 
 people laughed at him for his folly in erecting so large a 
 building in those times. He predicted that the time would 
 come when a purchaser would have to cover every inch of 
 land with a dollar to obtain sufficient space on which to 
 erect a dwelling". His predictions have almost been veri- 
 fied. In 1819 he was again chosen by the people to the 
 Legislature, but this time to the Council, and served there 
 until 1823, and again from 1824 to 1825. He was also 
 prominent as a trustee of the Cold Spring Presbyterian 
 Church, and in the temperance cause. A man of command- 
 ing presence and large frame, he was noticed. He was 
 blind in one eye, but this did not detract from his popularity. 
 His fame had gone abroad over the State. 
 
 In the debates in Congress in 1828 the tariff question 
 turned up — the question of levying duties on imported 
 goods to produce a revenue for the government and to raise 
 the price of articles from foreign countries in order to stim- 
 ulate home industries was taken up. This was the begin- 
 ning of the protective tariff. President John Quincy 
 Adams favored this tariff, and in that year the duties on for- 
 eign made goods were greatly increased. This was the be- 
 ginning of a new political epoch in the United States. The 
 political partisan elements of the country had been whiling 
 about in a choatic condition, but it now resolved itself down 
 to the two quickly forming parties — the Whig and the Dem- 
 ocratic. The people of the Eastern and Middle States 
 favored the tariff, and were allied to the new Whig doctrine, 
 while the agricultural States of the West and South w^re op- 
 posed to the tariff. John Quincy Adams was a candidate 
 for re-election as President on the new Whig platform, and 
 his opponent was Andrew Jackson, the Democratic nomi- 
 nee. 
 
 In New Jersey the Whigs named as their candidates for 
 Congress Thomas H. Hughes, of Cape May, Richard M. 
 
rUOOlMOSS Al'TKK llli: WAR. 
 
 2.-.: 
 
 '^Cooper, of rilouccster; Lewis C'ondict. of Morris; Isaac 
 Pierson, of Essex; Janies Fitz Randolph, of Middlesex, and 
 Samuel Swan, of Somerset. \\'lien the election took place 
 they were chosen, and Xtw Jersey's electoral vote was cast 
 ior Adams for President and Richard Rush, of Pennsylva- 
 nia, for \'ice-President, but Jackson was elected. ]\[r. 
 Hughes served in the 21st and 22nd Cong-resses. or from 
 1829 to 1833. One of his colleagues in the two sessions 
 was Henry Clay. The tariff question was reopened and oc- 
 'Casioned great excitement in Congress and throughout the 
 •■countr^'. Daniel Webster and Senator Havne. of South 
 
 CorXTY .lAII., rsKJ) KliO.M 18.')!l TO lSl)4. 
 
 •Carolina, had their great debate during Hughes' second 
 term. In the stirring scenes of 183 1-2, when South Carolina 
 declared her right to nullify the laws and Constitution, he 
 was present. In 'Sir. Hughes' second term ex-President 
 John Quincy Adams became one of his colleagues as a rep- 
 vesentative from Massachusetts. After he retired from 
 Congress he remained in private life until he died on No- 
 vember 10, 1839, agetl 70 years. His remains lie in Cold 
 Spring Cemetery. 
 
 By 1830 the population of Cape May had increased to 
 .4936 souls, of which there were but three slaves, and 225 
 
258 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 free colored persons. The census of that year exhibited the- 
 following facts concerning the county: 
 
 Number of acres, 161,500; acres of improved land, 59,528: 
 lots of and under ten acres, 188; householders, 669; single 
 men, 188; taxables, 1000; merchants and traders, 29; grist 
 .,^ mills, run of stone, 8; saw mills, 16; carding machines, 2- 
 male slaves, 2; chairs, sulkies and Dearborns, y2; covered 
 wagons. 148; two-horse stage, i ; poor tax, $1,125; road tax,. 
 $1,650. 
 
 At this time large quantities of cord wood was being 
 shipped to Philadelphia and New York. Rye and corn 
 were the most abundant crops. 
 
 From a writer of 1830 we gather the following concern- 
 ing the county then : 
 
 "That portion of the State (Cape May county) has not 
 generally been holden in due estimation. If its inhabitants 
 be not numerous, they are generally as independent as any 
 others in the State, and enjoy as abundantly the comforts- 
 of life. They are hospitable, and respectable for the pro- 
 priety of their manners, and are blessed, usually, with excel- 
 lent health. Until lately they have known little, practically, 
 of those necessary evils of social life, the physician and the 
 lawyer. Morse assures us that their women possessed the 
 power not only of sweetening life, but of defending and 
 prolonging it, being competent to cure most of the diseases- 
 which attack it." 
 
 Of the villages the writer notes: 
 
 "Cape May Court House contains a court house of 
 wood, a jail of stone, fire-proof offices of brick, 2 taverns, 
 / 8 or 10 dwellings, and a Baptist church of brick. It is called 
 Middletown in the post office list." 
 
 "Cape May Island — It is a noted and much frequented 
 watering place, the season at which commences about the 
 first of July and continues until middle of August or first of 
 September. There are here six boarding houses, three of 
 which are very large; the sea bathing is convenient and ex- 
 cellent, the beach affords pleasant drives, and there is ex- 
 cellent fishing in adjacent waters." 
 
 "Marshallville — several mills there." 
 
 "Tuckahoe contains some 20 dwellings, 3 taverns, several 
 
riiOCKKSS AKTEH TIIK WAK. 259 
 
 Stores. It is a place of considerable trade in wood, lumber 
 and ship building." 
 
 "Cold Spring contains I tavern, 2 stores, 15 to 20 dwell- 
 ings, an Episcopal church (Presbyterian). It derives its 
 name from remarkable spring near it, which rises in the 
 marsh, and is overflowed at every tide." 
 
 "Dennis's Creek — contains 30 to 40 dwellings, 2 taverns, 
 5 stores, a tide grist mill. Town built on both sides of 
 creek, about a half mile. Ship building and trade in lum- 
 ber are carried on extensively here." 
 
 "Etna, furnace & forge & grist mill. On Tuckahoe river, 
 15 m. from sea." 
 
 "Goshen contains tavern. 2 stores, a steam saw mill, 12 
 or 15 dwellings, a school house, in which religious meetings 
 are held." 
 
 "Beasley's Point, Upper township, on Great Egg Har- 
 bor Bav. There are here, upon a neck of land, between the 
 salt marshes of about one mile wide, 2 taverns and several 
 farm houses, where visitors to the shore may find agreeable 
 accommodations." 
 
 The bridge over West Creek, on the road between Lees- 
 burg and Dennisville, was built about 1830. On September 
 25th the Chosen Freeholders of both counties met at West 
 Creek to inspect the structure. 
 
 It was during this decade that the first spring carriage 
 was built in Cape May county. John Farrow, who w^as a 
 carriage wright and keeper of a public house, at Court 
 House, was its builder. He was the father of William Far- 
 row, who is now chief of police of Cape May City. 
 
 Jeremiah Leaming was elected to the Assembly in 1830, 
 and was prominent in the affairs of the county. He was a 
 son of Persons Leaming, and a grandson of the second 
 Aaron Leaming, having been born May 26, 1792. He 
 served in the Assembly from 1830 to 1834, and then in the 
 upper branch of the Legislature, the Council, from 1834 to 
 1836. He interested himself in securing pensions for the 
 survivors of the Revolutionary War, and for the widows of 
 these patriots. In 1836 he was candidate on the "Demo- 
 cratic W'hig Ticket" for Presidential elector, and was elec- 
 ted, casting his vote for Harrison and Granger. On the 
 
260 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Democratic-Republican ticket the same year James j\Ia- 
 guire, of Goshen, was a candidate for Presidential elector 
 against him. Mr. Leaming died April 26. 1839. from being 
 overheated by fighting a fire on his plantation. 
 
 Richard Thompson, who in 1830 was elected Sheriff, and 
 served three years, was the son of Richard Thompson, cap- 
 tain of Fishing Creek artillery in 1814, and was born in this 
 county December 3, 1795. The first position he held was 
 that of County Clerk from 1824 to 1829. When he was 
 chosen Sheriff he was a member of the Board of Chosen 
 Freeholders, and the Director (President) of that body. 
 From 1834 to 1836 he w-as a member of the General Assem- 
 bly, and during the two years following sat in the Legisla- 
 tive Council. From 1847 to 1851 he served as a Middle 
 township memJDer in the Freeholders again. He was Loan 
 Commissioner of the county from 1840 to 1844, and again 
 in 1856. He died at Cape May Court Flouse, September 
 27. 1857. 
 
 The Reverend Moses Williamson became the pastor of 
 the Cold Spring Presbyterian Church on July 6, 1831, and 
 for forty years thereafter was a prominent citizen of the 
 county. He was born at Newville, Pa., May 7, 1802, and 
 obtained his education, a liberal one, at Hopewell Academy, 
 Carlisle, Pa., Jefferson College, Conansburg, Pa., and at 
 Dickinson College, in Carlisle, from the latter graduating 
 with honors in 1824. He then took a full course of three 
 }-ears in the Theological Seminary, at Princeton, N. J., 
 graduating September 22, 1828. He was licensed to preach 
 by the Presbytery of Carlisle six days later, and entered 
 upon labors in Delaware and Maryland. When his health 
 failed him a short time after he was advised to come to Cape 
 May for his health, and did so, coming down the Delaware 
 by steamer. On the Sabbath after his arrival at Cape May, 
 August 16, 1829, he was invited to preach in Cold Spring 
 Church, and did so. That day the pastor, Rev. Alvin H. 
 Parker, resigned, Mr. Williamson was called upon as a 
 supply, and acted as such for two years, excepting for six 
 months when he was studying Hebrew scriptures at An- 
 dover Theological Seminary. He then became the regu- 
 lar pastor of the church, and remained with it until he was 
 
PltO(JKKSS AFTER TIIK WAR. 
 
 261 
 
 released at liis own request, from the charge by the Pres- 
 bytery of West Jersey, April i8. 1873. I" '""is civil capacity 
 he was one of the best of nic-n. lie was a thorough scholar, 
 and had as his pupils those who afterwards became the fore- 
 most men of the county. He was a county examiner of 
 teachers, with Dr. Jonathan F. Learning, for many years, 
 from about 1845. He erected and conducted at much ex- 
 pense and effort the Cold Spring Academy. During his 
 pastorate 490 persons were added to his church, he married 
 250 couples and officiated at over 500 funerals. Besides 
 
 
 HKV. MOSKS WILLIAMSON 
 
 preaching at Cold Spring he conducted meetings at Cape 
 Island and Green Creek. He died at Cape iMay City on 
 October 30, 1880. aged 78 years. 
 
 On June 12. 1833. the Board of Freeholders ordered an 
 almshouse built, 18 by 30 feet, and two stories in height. 
 The committee who had charge of its construction were 
 Jeremiah Hand, Samuel Springer and Samuel Matthews. 
 
 About 1834 the steamer "Portsmouth" began to make 
 weekly trips to Cape ^lay, Lewestown, from Philadelphia. 
 
263 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 In 1837 the Board of Freeholders accepted Cape May's 
 share of the "Surplus Fund," which was to loan out on se- 
 curity. Robert M. Holmes was made Loan Commissioner, 
 which position he held until he died.. 
 
 The "Surplus Fund" was composed of money which had 
 accumulated to the g-overnment of the Ignited States mainly 
 from sales of government lands, and was not needed for its 
 expenses. By an act of Congress it was divided among the 
 several States and each State then divided its quota among 
 its several counties. In 1829 President Jackson suggested 
 the distribution and the House of Representatives' resolu- 
 tion was passed next session, for distribution of proceeds 
 of land sales among the States. Henry Clay advocated the 
 measure in 1832, but it failed in the House. After much 
 legislation, during which time (until 1836) the land sales 
 reached a point giving $66,000,000 in the U. S. Treasury as 
 surplus. Consequently Congress enacted a law in June, 
 1832, providing for the apportionment of the surplus nearly 
 among the several States, reserving $5,000,000. This act 
 was repealed in October. 1839, after $37,000,000 bad been 
 apportioned. By act of the State Legislature of November 
 4, 1836. the Governor, Speaker and Treasurer were ap- 
 pointed to receive this State's share, and by an act of March 
 10. 1839, t'""^ method of its apportionment among the var- 
 ious counties was defined. 
 
 During Andrew Jackson's administration the United 
 States Government paid to the several States their share of 
 the Surplus Fund. The amount paid to Cape May county 
 was from $18,000 to $20,000. The Freeholders of the coun- 
 ty received it and placed it in the hands of a Loan Com- 
 mission, who loaned it out on promissory notes. Several of 
 these note givers became bankrupt, causing a loss to the 
 fund of several thousand dollars. The P""reeholders then or- 
 dered the Surplus Fund loaned only on bond and mortgage. 
 Still, interest was irregularly paid and some losses on prin- 
 cipal occurred. Several years ago the Freeholders abol- 
 ished the office of Loan Commissioners, ordered the County 
 Collector to take charge of the Loan Fund, then amount- 
 ing to $12,349.14, and to pay to the several public schools 
 
rii()(;ui-:ss ai 'iioi; 'iiii': wak. ^(53 
 
 ■^f Cai)c May county six per C(.nt. aiimially on this suni, or 
 ^74t).96 a year. 
 
 About 1840 tluro were fears tliat (ape May citizens might 
 lose through the nniltiphcity of State laws their rights to the 
 natural privileges in the sounds, and on the 5th of Febru- 
 -■ary, 1839, the Board of Freeliolders authorized Jeremiah 
 Learning to go to Trenton to work for the passage of an act 
 ■to preserve these privileges. 
 
 During the _\ear 1839 there were within the bounds of 
 "Cape jMay count}- ten licensed inns or hcjtels, kept by the 
 lollowing persons: Richard S. Ludlam, James J. Ludlam, 
 Clark Henderson. Humphrey Hewitt. David Saint (?), 
 Mackey \A'illianis, Uenjamin Owen. Mark A.* Carroll, John 
 •Smith antl Steplien Young. 
 
 The hrst signal of danger erected by the government ofT 
 the Cape May coast was the Five-Fathom Hank lightship. 
 This vessel is located near the shoal called the Five-r'athom 
 Bank, off the entrance of Delaware Hay. .She was establish- 
 ed in 1839. '^'i*^ ^^^^ refitted in 1855. She is now moored 
 in twelve fathoms of water. She is supplied with a twelve- 
 inch steam fog whistle, giving a blast of four seconds dur- 
 ing each half minute. "Five-Fathom Bank" is j)ainted in 
 bold letters on each side. She has two lights, with retiec- 
 tors, and two hoop-iron day marks, one on each mast. Her 
 lights are a fixed white, forty and forty-five feet above sea 
 level, and visible a distan-^e of eleven nautical miles. Arc 
 illumination, the entire horizon. She is painted a straw- 
 color, and is distant i/^ -->iles from Cape May light and 2^^ 
 from Cape Henlopen main light. Shoal part ot bank bears, 
 per compass. X. W. ^ N.. distant 2^ miles. She is in latitude 
 38° 51' 20''. longitude 74° 36' 10". 
 
 The sheriff of the county from 1838 to 1841 w?s Samuel 
 Springer, who was born September 5, 1800, and died March 
 7, 1877. He was a prominent resident of Middle township. 
 
 The population of Cape May county in 1840 was 5324, 
 of which 218 were colored persons, all free. The conditions 
 of the townships by that census are exhibited by the follow- 
 ing: 
 
 "Upper — Population. 121 7. Its surface is level; soil, sand 
 and loam, and well timbered with cedar, oak and pine. It 
 
2GI HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 contains four stores, one grist mill, four saw mills, five- 
 schools, 219 scholars. 
 
 "The village of Tuckahoe is situated on both sides of 
 Tuckahoe River, on the county line, 18 miles from court 
 house, 1 1 from the sea, 28 from Bridgeton and 13 from May's- 
 Landing. It contains three taverns, several stores, about 
 sixty dwellings and a Methodist church. There are besides- 
 in the township one Baptist, one Methodist church and & 
 Friends' meeting house. Wood, lumber and ship building: 
 constitute the business of the village. 
 
 "Dennis — This township, except that part cultivated, or" 
 meadow, is covered with oaks, pines and cedars. There 
 are in the township seven stores, two grist mills, six sawr 
 mills, four schools. 205 scholars. Population, 1350. 
 
 "Dennisville is a post village, extending on both sides of 
 the creek for a mile. It is eight miles north of Court House,,, 
 eight south of Tuckahoe, and twenty-eight from Bridgeton. 
 It contains five stores, about seventy dwellings, a neat acad- 
 emy, the upper story of which is used for a lyceum and for 
 religious meetings. Ship building and the lumber trade are- 
 carried on here. The Methodist church at this place was the 
 first erected in the county. There is a Baptist church m 
 the eastern part of the township. West Creek, four miles 
 northwest of Dennisville, is a thickly settled agricultural 
 neighborhood. 
 
 "Middle — Aljout half the township is salt marsh or sea: 
 beach; the remaining portion is mostly sandy loam. The 
 township contains twelve stores, two grist mills, two saw- 
 mills, five schools, 328 scholars. Population, 1624. Go- 
 shen, five miles northwest of Court House, has a Methodist 
 church and about twenty dwellings. The village of Cape 
 IsIslx Court House is in the central part of the township, I lO- 
 miles from Trenton, and 36 southeast of Bridgeton, anct 
 contains a court house, a jail and the county offices, a Meth- 
 odist and a Baptist church, and thirty or forty dwellings in 
 the vicinity. 
 
 "Lower — -A great portion of its surface is covered with a 
 salt marsh and sea lieach. On the ocean shore the soil i.'; 
 loamy, the bay shore is sandy, and the central part sandr 
 loam. There is much young timber in the township. The- 
 
PKO(iKE88 AFTER TlIK WAll. 205 
 
 inhabitants are mostly engaged in agriculture or nuiritinie 
 pursuits. There are in the township six stores, three saw 
 mills, six schools. 240 scholars. Population, 1133. 
 
 "Fishing Creek, on the bay shore, six miles southwest of 
 Court House, is an agricultural village similar to Cold 
 Spring. A survey has been made for a breakwater, at 
 Crow's Shoal, in this township, near the mouth of the bay. 
 When the wind is northeast a good harbor is afforded at 
 that place, as sometimes as many as one hundred vessels 
 are anchored off here. On a sudden change of the north- 
 west vessels are frequently driven ashore. The breakwater, 
 if built, would have been an effectual protection against 
 winds from this direction. 
 
 "Cold Spring, ten miles south of Court House, is a thickly 
 settled agricultural neighborhood, containing about forty 
 houses within the circle of a mile. It derives its name from 
 an excellent spring of cold water flowing up from the salt 
 marsh, wliich is much frequented by sojourners at Cape 
 Island. It contains an academy, a Methodist and a Presby- 
 terian church. 
 
 "The village of Cape Island is a favorite watering-place in V 
 the southern part of this township, thirteen miles south of 
 Court House. It began to grow into notice as a vi^atering 
 place in 1812, at which time there were but a few houses 
 there. It now contains two larg^e hotels, three stories high 
 and 150 feet long, and a third one, lately erected, four stories 
 high and 100 feet long, besides numerous other houses for 
 the entertainment of visitors. The whole number of dwell- 
 ings is about fifty. In the summer months the Island is 
 thronged with visitors, principally from Philadelphia, with 
 which there is then a daily steamboat communication. It is 
 estimated that about 3000 strangers annually visit the place. 
 The village is separated by a small creek from the main 
 land; but its area is fast wearing away by the encroachments 
 of the sea. Watson, the antiquarian, in a MSS. journal of 
 a trip to Cape Island in 1835, o" ^^^is point says: 'Since my 
 former visit to Cape Island in 1822, the house in which I 
 then stopped (Captain Aaron Bennett's), then nearest the 
 surf, has been actually reached by the invading waters. 
 * * * The distance from Bennett's house to the sea 
 
266 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 bank in 1822 was 165 feet; and in 1804, as it \vas then meas- 
 ured and cut upon the house by Commodore Decatur, it 
 was 334 feet. It had been as much as 300 feet further off, 
 as remembered by some old men who told me so in 1822/ 
 A large portion of the inhabitants of the village are Dela- 
 ware pilots, a hardy and industrious race. About two miles 
 west of the boarding houses is the Cape May lighthouse." 
 
CrIAPTER XX. 
 
 NOTED .Mi:X OF A (ilOXEKA TK )X. 
 In 1840 Jonathan Hand, jr., was appointed county clerk 
 of Cape May by the Legislature, which position he held con- 
 tinuously thereafter until 1890. He was a descendant of 
 Shanigar Hand, one of two brothers who bought proprietary 
 interests in Cape May county and settled here in 1685. He 
 descended from Shanigar, down through Thomas, Recom- 
 pence, Jonathan, his grandfather, and Jonathan, his father. 
 His grandfather served in the Colonial Legislature from 
 1771 to 1776, and wh:n the State's new Constitution was 
 adopted was a member of the first Legislative Council, 
 .serving from 1776 to 1778. His father was commissioned 
 a captain of the Cape May regiment in 1802, and is said to 
 have served in the War of 1812 in the coast defense of Cape 
 May county. His mother was Sarah Moore, a daughter of 
 the Trenton ferryman. She. when a girl of twelve vears, 
 Avas selected and was one of the twenty-four girls who, in 
 1789. when George Washington was on his wav to New 
 York to become the first President of the nation, strewed 
 flowers upon his path. When she was married to Jonathan, 
 the second, she was a widow. Wilson by name. She lived 
 at Cape May Court House until she died, in 1871, aged 93 
 years. She was a devout Christian woman, and a member 
 of the Baptist denomination. 
 
 Jonathan, the father, had served as county clerk from 183 1 
 to 1834, and Jonathan. Jr.. had assisted his father, who died 
 the latter year. From 1834 to 1835 he assisted Jacob G, 
 Smith, the clerk, and was deputy clerk the five following 
 years under Swain Townsend. In 1840 he was appointed 
 ■by the Legislature, and was chosen by the people nine times, 
 often receiving every vote in the countv. 
 
 Jonathan, the third, as he will be known in historv. was 
 horn at Cape May Court Mouse December 22, i8i8. In 
 
2(38 
 
 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 early life he was a Whig, and later a meml^er of the Repub- 
 lican party. In 1862 Governor Olden appointed him a draft 
 commissioner of the county to draw men for the service of 
 their country in the Civil War, then in progress. In 1852- 
 he was appointed a master in chancery of New Jersey. He- 
 died at his home at Cape May Court House on the morn- 
 ing of March 2, 1897, aged 79 years. Of him it is said that 
 he was a painstaking, systematic official, and was consid- 
 ered by lawyers to have the best-kept office in New Jersey-. 
 
 JONATHAN HAND. 
 
 The amount of the school fund of Cape May county in; 
 1 84 1 was $484.48. which was divided according to the num- 
 ber of scholars, pro rata, to the various townships: Upper,. 
 $111.93; Dennis, $120.20; Middle, $160.76, and Lower,. 
 $91.59. 
 
 The next post office to be established in the county was 
 that at East Creek in 1842, when John Wilson was appoint- 
 ed postmaster on April 22. 
 
 By an act of the Legislature of ^Slarch 13, 1844, a strip 
 of Cumberland was thrown into Cape May. The bounds 
 
xoTKi) .Mi;.\ oi" A (;i:.\i:itATi<»\. 209 
 
 ■were: Beginning- at the Cumberland and Cape May line, 
 where the old Cape May road intersects the same; and run- 
 ning thence in a northward course along said road to a sta- 
 tion formerly called Souder Place; thence northwardly the 
 most direct course to the Cumberland and Atlantic line; 
 .thence by the Atlantic line and the Cape May line to the be- 
 ginning. The commissioners appointed to run the line were 
 Francis Lee, James Ward and James L. Smith. Arrange- 
 ments were made that the township committees should make 
 •division of the property, that Cumberland officers should 
 liold power to second Monday of April, 1844, and after that 
 time shall act as if appointed or elected from Cape May. 
 provided judges and justices take the ol^cial oaths before 
 i\Iay I. Judgments and legal actions were to be in no wise 
 affected. On the 26th of February, 1845, ^^e act was re- 
 pealed and the bounds were once more made in conformity 
 with "the ancient boundary line." 
 
 In 1844 the State of New Jersey was given a new Con- 
 stitution. The people of Cape May sent as their delegate 
 Joshua Swain, aged sixty-six, a farmer. This convention 
 met at Trenton on May 14 and continued its sessions until 
 June 29, when it was voted for by the convention with but 
 one dissenting voice. ]\Ir. Swain voted in the affirmative. 
 This Constitution was ratified by the people by a large ma- 
 jority on the 13th of iVugust following. 
 
 Joshua Swain was born February 2, 1778. From 18 13 
 to 1814 he was a member of the State Assembly, and a mem- 
 ber of the Legislative Council at three different times, from 
 1815 to 1819, from 1823 to 1824, and from 1825 to 1827. 
 He was sheriff from 1809 to 1812. With his father, Jacocks, 
 and brother, Henry, he patented the centre board in 181 1. 
 He died August 24, 1855. 
 
 On March 4, 1847, Harvey Shaw, Benjamin Tomlin, Jr.. 
 Robert Baymore, Jr., and Ezra Norton, of Middle town- 
 ship, were authorized by the Legislature to build a bridge 
 over Cedar Creek at Goshen. 
 
 The Legislature in 1848 passed an act to better protect 
 the propagation of oysters by prohibiting the vending of 
 them in Cape May county from May i to October i. This 
 law remained in force until 1853. 
 
270 
 
 lilSTOKY OF CAl'i: .MAY COCNTY 
 
 In 1846 the people elected James L. Smith a member of 
 the State Senate, in which he served the county three years. 
 He was a resident of West Creek when elected. He was 
 born at Goshen Januar\- 28, 1795, and was educated for a 
 surveyor at Bridgeton, in Cumberland county. He was 
 the son of Abijah Smith, who w?s county clerk from 1804 
 to 1824. In 1819 he married Deborah Tomlin, and settled 
 at \\>st Creek. In 1866 he was appointed by Governor 
 Ward one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas of 
 
 .1 A.MKS I, SMITH. 
 
 the county, holding the position until he died, in 1871. He 
 was for years a member of the Board of Freeholders from 
 Dennis township, as follows: 1833, 1835, 1839, and from 
 1841 to 1854. In private life he was a farmer, a director of 
 the Cumberland Bank, and was a Methodist of the foremost 
 type. He was one of the pillars of that denomination in this 
 coimty. 
 
 From 1846 to 1847 Richard .Smith Ludlam was the As- 
 semblyman. He was a hotel keeper of Cape Island, who, 
 in 1847, entertained Hem-y Clay at the Mansion House. He 
 
 I 
 
.\()'IM':i> .MK.\ OF A (JKNIORATION. 271 
 
 was born at Donnisvillc in 1792, and conducUd a f^xncral 
 store there, as well as a cortl wood bnsiness. Wink- in the 
 Legislature he secured the incorporation of Cape Island as 
 a boroujjh. lie served in the I'.oard of iMxttdlders from 
 Cape Island in 1853, 1855 '^'i^l 1^62. ilc died at Cape May 
 City on June 15. 1881. 
 
 lie hudi the Mansion House in 1832. being the second 
 large hotel erected. It stood on four acres of ground. Fie 
 opened the first part of Washington street, wliicli he then 
 laid out only between Jackson and IVn \ .streets. The Aian- 
 sion House was the first lathed and plastered l.otel here, old 
 Congress Hall being only weatherdwarded and sheathed. 
 
 It was in 1847 that Henry Clay, the great Kentuckianr 
 came to Cape May, and Mr. Ludlam years afterward said: 
 "The big time was when Harry Clay came. He had been at 
 the White Sulphurs, and said he had a notion to go to some 
 of the Northern watering places; that was in iS^^. So I 
 sent him an invitation and he accepted, and stop|K'd at the 
 jMansion House for a week. It was in the latter part of Au- 
 gust, and the people had before that thinned out. When, 
 however, it was announced that Harry Clay was to be here, 
 the place filled up to overflowing. Two steamboat loads 
 came on from New York. They wanted him there. Hor- 
 ace Greeley came down to see him, and the people from 
 Salem and Bridgeton and all the country around flocked in 
 their carry-alls to Cape May to see Harry of the West." 
 
 As soon as it was known that Clay was to become a vis- 
 itor the people began to arrive from all over the Middle and 
 Southern States. United States Senator James A. Bayard, 
 of Wilmington, accompanied by Charles C. Gordon, of 
 Georgia, was among the first to arrive. On the Saturday 
 previous there came a large party from Philadelphia. Clay 
 had come by stage and rail, so far as there was any, to Phil- 
 adelphia, being greeted on his route by hosts of friends who 
 had, and by others who had not, cast their ballots for him 
 three years previous, when he ran for the Presidency against 
 Polk. Clay came for rest, and to wear away sorrow which 
 had come upon him by the killing of his son, who had just 
 previously fallen in the Mexican War. 
 
 On the morning of Monday, August 16, 1847, the great 
 
272 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Statesman, witli his party, left Philadelphia on the steam- 
 boat then plying between that place and Cape Island, and 
 arrived at the landing about one o'clock in the afternoon. 
 The party was driven over the turnpike to the Mansion 
 House, where a big dinner was in waiting for the distin- 
 guished guests. The band engagement having expired be- 
 fore this event. Beck's Philadelphia band was brought down 
 on the boat with Mr. Clay. The old hotel register, which 
 is still preserved, has upon it the names of the following Ken- 
 tuckians, who came that day: Hon. Henry Clay (written in 
 a big, round hand by one of the committee), Colonel John 
 Swift, H. White and son, W. S. Smith, F. Lcnnig, Miss 
 Riche, Miss Johns. Mr. Clay was given a rest on his arri- 
 val, but the day following was his busiest while on Cape 
 May's grand beach. During the day many more arrived, 
 and the Island was filled with country folks anxious to see 
 the great man. Rev. Moses Williamson made the address 
 of welcome, to which Mr. Clay fittingly responded in words 
 that electrified his listeners. Among other things he re- 
 marked to a friend that Mr. Williamson made one of the 
 best addresses of the kind he ever heard, and made many 
 inquiries about the good and well-known divine. Mr. Clay's 
 magnificent language, says one who heard him, held the 
 crowds spell-bound. After the speech-making there was 
 hand-shaking and a grand feast. The speech-making took 
 place in the old "Kersal," the music pavilion and ball-room 
 of the hotel, which had been built in the spring of that year. 
 ]\Ir. Clay was received on the part of the county of Cape 
 ISIay by Dr. Maurice Beesley. During his visit there were 
 more arrivals each day than there had been for any previous 
 day of that summer. 
 
 While at Cape May Mr. Clay loved bathing and went in 
 as often as twice a day, and it was while enjoying it that he 
 lost a great deal of his hair. The ladies would catch him 
 and with a pair of scissors, carried for just that purpose, 
 clip locks from his head to remember him by. When he re- 
 turned to Washington his hair was very short, indeed. 
 
 In Beck's Band, which furnished the music, there was the 
 father, six sons and three others, and as it was at Cape Is- 
 land season after season their names are here given: Jacob 
 
NOTED MEN O]'^ A ( JE.NEKATIO.X. 273 
 
 W. Beck, leader; L. I'.eck, C. IVck, II. Beck, J. M. Beck, 
 G. Beck, A. Beck, f. W. Caul, J. Leecli, A. Fenncr and B. 
 Wilks. 
 
 Mr. Clay remained at Cape May for several days. "About 
 seven o'clock this (Friday, August 20, 1847) morning," said 
 ihe Ne w Y ork Herald, "the steamboat New Haven let fall 
 Ler anchors opposite the place, having left New York the 
 previous afternoon, with a number of eminent citizens, to 
 invite Mr. Clay to visit that city. Among the visitors were 
 Recorder Tallmadge, Nicholas Dean, M. G. Hart, Morris 
 Franklin, Horace Greeley, Matthew L. Davis, James A. 
 Coffin. Mr. Gammage and Mr. McCracken, of New Haven. 
 A surf boat was sent off and brought the committee ashore, 
 who waited on Mr. Clay and received his promise to meet 
 them at the Mansion House at noon. During the morning 
 a.11 the passengers came ashore from the steamboat. The 
 mode of transit created great amusement and many jokes. 
 .'^^ome called it the landing before Vera Cruz, and to see dig- 
 nity perched on the shoulders of the boatmen, who, wading 
 tiirough the surf, deposited their loads on the beach, was 
 iraly laughable. 
 
 "'The New Yorkers stopped principally at the Columbia 
 House. At the appointed time Mr. Ludlam sent down his 
 band from the Mansion House to accompany the procession, 
 ^vhich soon arrived at the place appointed for the reception. 
 The hall was filled with ladies and gentlemen, and 'mute 
 ■expectation spread its anxious hush,' interrupted only by 
 'tiie strains of the band, until Henry Clay made his appear- 
 ance. Then ensued such a shouting and cheering, and ap- 
 pkndits from fair hands, and waving of handkerchiefs, as 
 Cape May never saw before, and probably never will again. 
 Old Ocean started from his noonday repose and lifted up his 
 vrlifte locks to listen to the unwonted shout, and then there 
 canie wave after wave, spreading itself on the beach, as if 
 'tloing joyous homage to 'the man and the hour.' 
 
 "Nicholas Dean, Esq., as chairman of the New York 
 
 <3eIegation, then arose, and in behalf of the citizens of New 
 
 Y'ork, irrespective of party, expressed their appreciation of 
 
 tire long and eminent services of Air. Clay, and requested 
 
 . sn opportunity of tendering him an expression of their con- 
 
274 HISTORY OF CAFE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 fidence and esteem. In the name of the half miUion citizens 
 of New York, he invited Mr. Clay to visit the metropolis — 
 he said thousands of tongues were waiting to give him wel- 
 come, and the entire aggregate heart and pulse of the city 
 was beating and throbbing to bid him welcome — thrice wel- 
 come to the hospitality of New York. 
 
 "Mr. Clav, who had listened with much emotion to the 
 glowing language and impassioned tone of Mr. Dean, after 
 a silence of a few moments, arose to reply. Hushed then 
 was evcr\- sound, lest one' word that was to fall from those 
 eloquent lips sh(juld he lost. He commenced by alluding 
 to the presence of other committees, on similar errands to 
 the one from New York — especially from Philadelphia, 
 Trenton and New Haven — and then continued: 
 
 " 'Fellow Citizens — The eloquent address which has just 
 been delivered has had the effect almost to induce me ta 
 adopt the language which was used on a more solemn ociv. 
 sion. "Thou almost persuadest me" to go to New York. 
 But in all that iqn-ightness of my nature which I have ever 
 endeavored to practice, I must tell you the objects and mo- 
 tives which brought me to the shores of the Atlantic. I re- 
 turned to my residence, after passing the winter at New 
 Orleans, on the 23d or 24th of March last and a day or twa 
 afterwards melancholy intelligence came to me. I have 
 been nervous ever since, and was induced to take this jour- 
 ney, for I could not look upon the partner of my sorrows 
 without experiencing deeper anguish.' 
 
 "(Mr. Clay was here completely overcome by his feelings, 
 covered his face with his hands and was silent for several 
 minutes. At length with an efifort he recovered himself and 
 resumed.) 
 
 " 'Everything about Ashland was associated with the mem- 
 ory of the lost one: the very trees which his hands assisted 
 me to plant seemed to remind me of his loss. Had the 
 stroke come alone, I could have borne it with His assist- 
 ance, and sustained by the kindness of my friends and fellow- 
 citizens, with meekness and resignation. But of eleven chil- 
 dren four only remain. Of six lovely and affectionate 
 daughters not one is left. Finding myself in a theatre of 
 sadness, I thought I would fly to the mountain top and de- 
 
NoTKi) .Mi:.\ ()V A (;i:m:ka'1'1(>.\. 275 
 
 scend to the waves of the ocean, and h_\- mcetiny; with the 
 sympathy of friends, ob.'ain some relief to the sadness which 
 encompassed me. 1 came for private purposes, and for pri- 
 vate purposes alone. 1 have not desired these public mani- 
 festations, but have rather desired to escape from them. 
 Aly frieml and travelinc;- companion, Dr. Mercer, will tell 
 you, that in X'ir^iiiia, in every section of the State of my 
 birtli. 1 have l^ccn im])iored to remain if only for a few 
 hoiu"s, to exchange congratulations with my friends, but I 
 invarial^ly refused and only remained in each place sufifi- 
 cientl}- long enough to exchange one vehicle for another. 
 You may imagine that 1 made a visit to Philadelphia, but 
 I was accidentally thrown into Philadelphia. When I ar- 
 rived in Baltimore. 1 learnt that the most direct route to this 
 place was by the Delaware. I had no public object in view 
 in taking that route, and yet indifferent I am not nor cannot 
 be to these manifestations of popular regard, nor to any- 
 thing which connects me wnth the honor, welfare and glory 
 of my cotmtry. 
 
 " '(Gentlemen of the Committee of New York, I have truly 
 and sincerely disclosed the purpose of the journey, but I 
 cannot but deeply feel this manifestation of your respect and 
 regard. It is received with thankfulness, and excites the 
 warmest feelings of my heart, that I, a private and humble 
 citizen, without an army, without a navy, without even a 
 constable's staff, should have been met at every step of my 
 progress with the kindest manifestations of feelings — feelings 
 of wdiich a President, a monarch or an emperor might well 
 be pround. 
 
 " 'No — I am not insensible to these tokens of public affec- 
 tion and regard, I am thankful for them all. To you, gentle- 
 men of the Committee of New York, who, in behalf of the 
 400.000 individuals whom you represent, have taken so much 
 trouble, I am deeply thankful for this manifestation of your 
 regard, but I must reluctantly decline the honor of your in- 
 vitation. And you, gentlemen of the other committees, to 
 your fellow-citizens of Trenton, New Haven and Philadel- 
 phia, I must beg of you to excuse me. and trust to your affec- 
 tion to do so, for if I do not place myself upon the affection 
 of my countryinen. whither should I go, and where should 
 
27() HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 I be? — on the wide ocean without a compass and without a 
 guide ! 
 
 " 'I must beg of you, gentlemen of all these committees, 
 to retrace yovir steps, charged and surcharged with the 
 warmest feelings of gratitude — go back charged with warm- 
 est thanks from me, and tell my friends that nothing but 
 the circumstances in which I am placed, nothing — for we 
 may as well mingle a laugh wath our tears, and borrow 
 the words of the Irish Ambassador, "situated as I am and I 
 may say circumstanced as I am" — prevents the honor of 
 meeting you. Tell them — and I hope that general response 
 will be considered as a specific answer to each of the com- 
 mittee — that you are charged with the expression of the best 
 feelings of my heart. And you. gentlemen of New York, 
 be assured that among the recollections of the incidents of 
 this journey, this visit will be paramount, and the circum- 
 stances wduch led to it. 
 
 " 'I wish you an agreeable voyage on your return, and 
 pray make my apologies for being constrained to decline 
 your kind invitation.' 
 
 "Mr. Clay then sat down, and from the tears which had 
 been so copiously shed during his speech, the smiles of W'el- 
 come and felicitation lit up a mellow radiance which fell 
 with rainbow softening over the scene. Throughout the 
 whole reply of Mr. Clay, he was deeply and powerfully af- 
 fected, and it was with a giant efifort that he succeeded in 
 uttering his closing remarks." 
 
 Nathaniel Holmes, Jr., wlio served in the Assembly from 
 1847 to 1849, ■^^'^s the son of Captain Nathaniel Holmes. 
 He was born July 7, 1782. He served in the Board of Free- 
 holders from Dennis township from 1834 to 1841 and from 
 1847 to 1 85 1, or eleven years, during all of which time w^as 
 the director (chairman) of the board. 
 
 On April 25, 1848 the people by ballot decided to have 
 a new court house built, and chose for its location Cape 
 May Court House village. The Board of Freeholders se- 
 lected as the committee to visit other counties and get ideas 
 of public buildings James L. Smith and Samuel Fithian 
 Ware. On the 6th of June following the board ordered the 
 house built to be 48 by 35 feet, with the lower story to be 
 
NOTED MEN OF A ( JEXEKATION. 277 
 
 twelve feet in tlic clear and the upper story to be nine feet 
 in tiie clear. The court house was tinished in 1850, and on 
 May 7 the freeholders ni.t at the new court house to settle 
 the bills, and they all amounted to $6284.33. Richard 
 Thompson was chosen to dispose of the old court house. 
 
 The song, "Cape May," was written about May i, 1848, 
 by Thcophilus Townsend Price. The circimistances lead- 
 ing to its inception are here related: 
 
 Being one evening in company with some young people^ 
 his personal friends, they sang the minstrel song of "Dearest 
 May," which at that time was very popular. He remarked 
 that it was a pity that so sweet a melody should be wedded 
 to such trifling words. They requested him to write a song 
 for the music, which he accordingly did, and produced the 
 song as printed at first. There was no paper published at 
 Cape May at that time, and it was first printed in a Philadel- 
 phia paper. 
 
 Theophilus Townsend Price was born on the Price home- 
 stead plantation at Town Bank, Cape May county, on the 
 2 1 St day of May, 1828. He was the seventh child of John 
 Price and Kezia Swain, who was the daughter of Daniel 
 Swain, and belonged to one of the oldest families in Cape 
 May county. When he was three years old his father sold 
 his interest in the homestead farm at Town Bank to his 
 brother. Captain William Price, and bought one of the 
 Swain farms of his father-in-law on the seaside road above 
 Cold Spring. 
 
 Here the subject of our sketch grew up to manhood, en- 
 gaged in the general work of the farm, and in going to 
 school whenever opportunity offered. He was by nature a 
 student and lover of books, and does not remember the 
 time when he could not read. His education was obtained 
 at the common schools and at the Cold Spring Academy, 
 which at that time was furnishing an academic education 
 for both sexes under the direction of Rev. Moses William- 
 son. 
 
 In his twentieth year he began teaching in the public 
 schools of Cape May county, and continued in this occupa- 
 tion about three years. In 1850 he commenced the study of 
 medicine, reading under direction of Dr. \'. M. D. Marcy, 
 
278 HISTORY OF CAI'E MAY COlWTV. 
 
 of Cold Spring. He graduated in March, 1853, ^'^''' i" April 
 settled at Tuckerton, N. J., where he has continued in active 
 practice ever since. 
 
 In November, 1854. he married Eliza, youngest daughter 
 of Timothy Pharu, of Tuckerton. By this union he had 
 two children, one of which only is living, the Rev. Theophi- 
 lus Pharo Price. 
 
 Soon after his settlement he became interested in and 
 identified with the public affairs of the communities in which 
 he lived. The township of. Little Egg Harbor, in which the 
 village of Tuckerton is located, was at that time a part of 
 Burlington county. He became a member of the Burlington 
 County Medical Society in 1854 and is still a member. He 
 was township superintendent of the ])ublic schools of Little 
 Egg Plarbor for eight years, and until the law was passed 
 abolishing town superintendents and creating county super- 
 intendents. He was postmaster of Tuckerton during the 
 Lincoln and the Johnson administrations; was elected to 
 the New Jersey Legislature in 1868. During this service he 
 obtained a charter to build a railroad from Tuckerton to Egg 
 Harbor City, and a supplement to a charter to build a rail- 
 road from Manchester to Tuckerton. The latter road was 
 built in 1871, of which he was elected a director and secre- 
 tary, still holding these olTices. He was a director of the 
 National Bank of Medford, N. J., for thirty-five years. 
 
 In 1877 he wrote the descriptive and historical portions of 
 the New Jesey Coast Atlas, published by Woolman & Rose, 
 coverino^ the first sixty-eight pages of that work. 
 
 In 1864 he organized and conducted for fourteen years a 
 union mission Sunday school in a destitute neighborhood 
 near Tuckerton; was instrumental and active in organizing 
 the first Baptist church at West Creek, Ocean covmty, in 
 1876, of which he was chosen deacon, clerk and treasurer 
 for fifteen years. In 1891 he was actively instrumental in 
 organizing and constituting the Baptist church of Tuckerton, 
 of which he is a licentiate, deacon and clerk. 
 
 He was a trustee of the South Jersey Institute, at Bridge- 
 ton, for nine years; a trustee of the New Jersey Reform 
 School for Boys at Jamesburg for three years. He is now 
 president of the Board of Trustees of the Camden Baptist 
 
X(>r!:i» .Mi;,\ oi" a (;i:.\i:uA'n<».\. 279 
 
 Association, president of tlu- Hoard of lulucation of Little 
 Eg-g IlarlH)r. physician and secretary of the Board oi 1 iealth, 
 director and secretary of the J>each Haven Land Associa- 
 tion, life member of the Xew ^K^^ey 1 listorical Society, pres- 
 ident of the Board of Trustees of Tuckerton Library .Associa- 
 tion, and is a member of several other benevolent and char- 
 itable societies. 
 
 For seventeen years he held the office of United States 
 Marine Hospital surgeon at th^' ]K)rt of Tuckerton and until 
 the office was abolished by the government. March, i8(;6. 
 During this time he examined anmially about one hundred 
 and tifty life-saving men before they entered on their duties. 
 He has contributed from time to time articles to the press, 
 both in prose and verse, and has delivered many public ad- 
 dresses and lectures. 
 
 On the 9th of June. 1849. two additional j^ostoffices were 
 -established in the county, one at Townsend's Inlet, with 
 William Stiles as postmaster, and the other at Seaville. with 
 John Gandy as postmaster. 
 
 Enoch Edmunds, of Cape Island, who was elected to the 
 State Senate in 1849 ^"d served three years, was born in 
 Lower townsh.ip in 1799. He was the son of Robert E<!- 
 munds. From 1844 to 1847 he was sheriff of the county. 
 In 185 1 he became an elder of the Cold Spring Presbyterian 
 Church, and was such until he died, sixteen years later. In 
 i860 he was chosen overseer of ]X)or of Cape Island, and 
 served in the City Council in 1861 and from 1863 until his 
 death, on March 30, 1867. He was a merchant. 
 
CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 / 
 
 THE DECADE BEFORE THE KEBELLION. 
 
 I<>om 1845 the people of this county began to move into- 
 the then newly developing- States of Indiana and Illinois, 
 and after the gold fever of 1849 many went further. These 
 two States, however, were the objective point of many of 
 the emigrating families from Cape May. Dr. Maurice Bees- 
 ley, in speaking of this fact, says (1857): 
 
 "The population meets with an unceasing annual drain 
 in the wav of emigration. Numerous families every spring" 
 and fall sell ofY their lands and effects to seek a home in tlie 
 far West. Illinois has heretofore been the State that has 
 held out most inducements to the emigrant, and there are 
 at present located in the favored county of Sangamon, in 
 that State, some sixty or seventy families which have re- 
 moved from this county within a few years past, most of 
 whom, be it said, are blessed with prosperity and happiness- 
 Many of her people are to be found in the other free States 
 of the West." 
 
 When the last half of the present century opened there 
 were 6433 residents in this county, and it was estimated by 
 the census takers that about one-fifth of the entire male 
 population were engaged in seafaring, and a more hardy and 
 adventurous band never sailed from any port; no sea or 
 ocean where commerce floats a sail they did not visit i£ 
 duty called. 
 
 The pilots of Cape Island were likewise renowned for 
 their skill and enterprise in the way of their profession. 
 They braved the tempest and the storm to relieve the mar- 
 iner in distress, or to conduct the steamer, the ship, or the 
 barque to the haven of her destination. There were about 
 thirtv-five of them living in the lower end of the county. 
 
 The Dias Creek postofhce, with Charles K. Holmes as 
 postmaster, was established September 9, 1850, and on the 
 
^^W%?^-^^l,^.^i^ 
 
THE DECADIO UEFOKE THE KEBELEION. 281 
 
 3d of March. 1851, another office was cstabhshed at Bees- 
 ley's Point, with Joseph D. Chatten in charge. 
 
 Captain ^\■ih^lon Whilldin, Sr., the first to estabUsh steam- 
 boat communication between Philadelphia and Cape May,, 
 was a native of this county. He was liorn Marcli 4, 1773,. 
 near Ca])e ]\Iay City, on the estate possessed by his ances- 
 tors from the tirsi settlement of the county. He was the 
 - son of Jonathan \Vhilldin (who is described as "gent" in old 
 conveyances), by his wife. Hannah Crowell; grandson of 
 James \\'hilldin. Esq.. by his wife. Jane Hand; great grand- 
 son of Joseph ^\'hill^lin, by his wife, Mary; and great grand- 
 son of Joseph Whilldin, Esq., by his wife, Hannah. The 
 last named Joseph was High Sheriff of the county from 1705 
 to 1708, and many years one of His Majesty's Justices of 
 the Peace and of the Couits of Common Pleas. James 
 Whilldin, Esq., the grandfather of Captain Whilldin, was 
 commissioned a Justice of the Peace by Governor Belcher, 
 June 7, 1753, and re-commissioned by Governor Hardy, 
 September 24, 1762, and by Governor Franklin, August 21, 
 1767. On the two last occasions he was also commissioned 
 a justice of the quorum. He was also commissioned Justice 
 of the Court of Oyer and Terminer on March 13, 1773, in ' 
 which capacity he served until he died. En 1779 he was a / 
 member of the Legislature, and during the Revolution he 
 served on the County Committee of Safety. He was a prom- 
 inent member of the Cold Spring Presbyterian Church, of 
 which he was a ruling elder from 1754 until his decease,. 
 November 5, 1780. Captain Whilldin studied naviga- 
 tion, and early in life removed to Philadelphia, where he 
 resided until his decease, April 2, 1852. He was one of the 
 pioneers in steam navigation on the Delaware. In 1816 he 
 built the steamer "Delaware," w^ith which he established 
 comnumication witli Cape May. (A large portrait in oil of 
 Captain Whilldin, now in the possession of liis granddaugh- 
 ter, Mrs. J. (jranville Leach, has a portrait of the "Dela- 
 ware" in the background.) Captain Whilldin became the 
 owner of several steamers, which plied to different points on 
 the Delaware, also on the Chesapeake. At one time he was 
 a partner of the elder Commode re X'anderbilt. The pilot 
 
282 HIS'JORY OF CAPE MAY COUXTY. 
 
 boat John CI. Whilldin, so familiar in our waters, was named 
 in honor of Captain Wliilldin's son, Dr. John Galloway 
 Whilldin, a promising- young physician of Philadelphia, who 
 died of consumption in early life. 
 
 On the decease of Captain Whilldin his only surviving 
 •child. Captain Wilmon Whilldin, Jr., succeeded to the busi- 
 ness of the father, and continued the line of steamers to Cape 
 May until the civil war, when most of his boats were em- 
 ployed by the government in tlie transportation of troops 
 and n"':^vi:ions to the army. At his decease. May 23, 1866, 
 he was extensively engaged in transportation by steam, and 
 was interested in lines running to many parts of the country. 
 
 The first town school superintendents were appointed in 
 the county in 1851, and they were: Upper township, Barna- 
 bas Coffie; Dennis, Joshua Swain; Middle, Rev. N. B. Tin- 
 dall; Lower, Joseph E. Hughes; Cape Island, Rev. Clark 
 Polly. There vi'ere 2135 school children in the coimty, di- 
 vided as follows: In Upper, 441; Dennis, 534; Middle, 609; 
 Lower, 400; Cape Island, 151. 
 
 The old borough of Cape Island did not suit the inhabi- 
 tants. Therefore, in 1851, a city charter for the place was 
 secured from the Legislature. Since that time Cape May 
 City has had two charters: one in 1867, and the last in 1875. 
 From 185 1 to 1867 the Councilmen (six in number), were 
 elected yearly; and from 1867 to 1875 three Councilmen 
 Avsre elected each year, for a two-years' term, nia1<;n;.^- six 
 as before. Up to 1875 the Alderman and City Recorder were 
 members of Council, and the Mayor was its president, but 
 the latter had no vote only in case of a tie, while the two 
 former were accorded that privilege. Council then elected 
 its clerk. Since 1875 there has, each year, been three Coun- 
 cil''^ ^n elcctcf! for terms of three years each, making the 
 body nine in nvir.iber, and thev choose the'r president from 
 amo' • their number. The Recorder is now. the clerk of 
 the ciiy, n'ld l)y orc'in-nce sup-^rintendent of the water works 
 and register of the bondetl indebtedness. The Alderman is 
 now simply jusli e of the peace, and, should the Mayor re- 
 sign or die, acts as such until the next election. 
 
 loshua Swain, Jr., who was elected to t!ie State Sena*-e 
 
THK DI-X'ADK I'.KI'X)KK TllK KKHKI.LION. 
 
 283 
 
 In 1852, was the son of Joshua Swain, who was a member 
 of tlie Constitutional Convention of 1844. He was born 
 June 2, 1804, and died March 23, 1866. He served in the 
 Assembly from 1850 to 1852, and then in the Senate until 
 1854. He was continuously clerk of the IJoard of Chosen 
 Freeholders from 1831 until he died, lie was for six years 
 a Judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals of the State 
 of New Jersey. He died at Seaville. and his remains lie in 
 
 COriJT HOUSK fSKD SINCE 1850. 
 
 Calvary Baptist Church Cemetery, Seaville. He was a Bap- 
 tist in faith. 
 
 He was succeeded by his son, Edward Y. Swain, as clerk 
 •of the Board of Freeholders. The latter was prominent 
 in county affairs, and was clerk from 1866 to 1871, when he 
 died. He was born December 2"], 1834. and died October 
 9, 1871. 
 
 Henry Swnin, brother of Joshua, Jr., who was loan com- 
 missioner, was born May 12. 1806, and died September 24, 
 1877. He served the county as loan commissioner from 
 1854 to 1856, and from 1857 to 1862. 
 
284 riISTV)KY or CAFE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 The first bank in the county to be estabhshed was tliat at; 
 Cape Island, known as the "Bank of Cape ]\Iay County,"' 
 which had subscribers to stock from every part of the 
 countv. Its certificate of association was filed in the County 
 Clerk's oftice on September 26, 1853. It was a State bank.. 
 In 1855 it closed up its business. On October 17, this year, 
 Joseph F. Learning, its vice-president, gave notice that "all. 
 circulating notes issued must be presented to the State 
 Treasurer within two years" for payment. On ]\Iarch 3, 
 1854, the act to incorporate the Cape May Turnpike Com- 
 pany became a law. The object of this company was to 
 construct a thoroughfare between Cape Island and Cape 
 May Court House. The incorporators were Richard C. 
 Holmes, Dr. John Willey, Eli L. B. Wales, George Ben- 
 nett, Joseph Ware, Richard Thompson and Clinton H.. 
 Ludlam. The work on it was not commenced until three 
 years afterwards, and in 1858.it was completed. 
 
 The Cape Island Turnpike Company built the pike fromv 
 the steamboat landing on the Delaware Bay to Cape Island 
 for the accommodation of steamboat passengers. This pike 
 was constructed between 1846 and 1848. The company is". 
 still in existence, and toll is still charged to those who drive- 
 vehicles over it. 
 
 The first President of the United States to visit Cape A'Jay- 
 was Franklin Pierce, who visited the island in the sunmier- 
 of 1855. He was welcomed b}- the City Council and held 
 a public reception. People came from all parts of the 
 county to see him. 
 
 In September (5th) of this }":ar the famous jNIount Wt- 
 non Hotel at Cape Island, wliich had been two years in. 
 building, was burned. And in June, of 1856, tl":e Mansion- 
 House and Kersal were destroyed by fire also. 
 
 The first newspaper published in the county was the- 
 "Ocean Wave," which was established at Cape Island by- 
 one Colonel Johnson in June, 1855. The sizes of its four 
 pages were twelve by eighteen inches. About three month.s. 
 after it was founded it was purchased by Joseph S. Leach ^ 
 who edited and published it until 1863, when he .'.old it to- 
 Samuel R. Magonigle. When Mr. Magonigle died, in iS6g,. 
 the "Wave" became the property of Christopher S. 
 
THK DECADK KKi^JRi; '1 1 1 K liKHKLLlOIs . 2S5 
 
 ZMagrath and Aaron Garretson, Sr. In 1878 Mr. 
 Mai^rath l)ecanic sole owner, and remained so 
 until he sold it, in 1883, to Thomas 11. Williamson, son ot 
 Rev. Moses Williamson. In 1886 Mr. Williamstni died, 
 ^nd it was then purchased from his estate by James H. E'l- 
 munds, who still (1897) owns it. It has been edited from 
 1883 by Henry \V. Hand, who served in the L'nited States 
 Xavy during the Civil War. 
 
 Joseph S. Leach, editor of the "Ocean Wave," was born 
 in Shutesbury, Mass, March 30, 1816, and died at his resi- 
 dence in Cape May City, August 9, 1892. He was the son 
 of Lemuel Leach. Jr., and Elizabeth Smallidge, his wife. 
 His grandfather, Lenmel Leach, Sr., was an ol^cer in the 
 Revolutionary Army, and his maternal grandfather, Rev. 
 Joseph Smallidge, was a prominent clergyman of the Bap- 
 tist faith in \\'estern Massachusetts. His colonial ancestor, 
 Lawrence Leach, a descendant of John Leche, surgeon t(j 
 King Edward the Third, arrived in Massachusetts with 
 Rev. Francis Higginson, in 1629. Mr. Leach, also de- 
 scended from John Washbourne. the first secretary of Mas- 
 sachusetts, and from Francis Cooke, one of the "pilgrim.s" 
 who came in the Mayflower. 
 
 Mr. Leach was educated at New. Salem High School, and 
 at Franklin Academy. Shelburne Falls, Mass. Fie after- 
 Avards studied theology and entered the ministry, in which 
 he was preceded by three elder brothers. Rev. Sanford 
 Leach, Rev. V\'illiam Leach and Dr. Elbridge G. Leach. 
 Failing health compelled him to seek a milder'climate, and, 
 in 1840, he came to Cape May, and took up his residence 
 at the county seat. Shortly after his arrival he was invited 
 to take charge of the Seaville school, which position he ac- 
 cepted, and from that time until he became the proprietor 
 of the "Ocean W'ave" he was constantly and successfully 
 engaged in teaching the youth of this countv. 
 
 Foremost among those who were engaged in the Baptist 
 Church of Cape Island was Mr. Leach. He was licensed 
 to preach at Shutesbury Church, in Massachusetts, about 
 •1838. He did not. however, unite with the local church 
 imtil January, 1849. ^or nearly half a century Mr. Leach 
 was one of the leading members of the church, was many 
 
286 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 years clerk of the church, and one of its trustees, and for 
 forty-three years a deacon. The congregation was frequent- 
 ly without a settled pastor for months at a time, on which 
 occasions he occupied the pulpit, but always declined com- 
 pensation for his ministerial work. 
 
 In the early fall of 1855 Mr. Leach purchased the "Ocearr 
 Wave" and published it and edited it until he sold the pa- 
 per to the late Samuel R. Magonagle. As editor he gained 
 the reputation of being one of the ablest and strongest news- 
 paper writers in the State, and by the use of his pen he was 
 largely instrumental in advancing the social, educational,, 
 and material interests of the county. His writings were 
 notedly valuable in aiding to secure the construction of the 
 Cape May and Millville Railroad. The late Charles B. 
 Dungan is known to have said that, "but for Mr. Leach's 
 earnest and able support in this connection, the building of 
 the road would doubtless have been delayed for years." 
 
 At the outbreak of the Civil War Mr. Leach warmly es- 
 poused the cause of the Union, not only with his pen, but 
 with voice as well. He was recognized as one of our best 
 public speakers, and his services in tliis direction were fre- 
 quently in demand, particularly during the war, at "war 
 meetings." He was concise in argument, clear in diction 
 and fervid in utterance, and his elocjuence stirred his hear- 
 ers to the heartiest expressions of enthusiasm. 
 
 In 1 85 1, on the granting of the charter creating Cape 
 May (then Cape Island) into a cit}-. yir. Leach was elected 
 the first Recorder, by virtue of which office he became a 
 member of City Council and a justice of the peace. In 
 1852 and 1858 he w'as chosen a member of City Council, 
 and in 1872 he was again chosen Recorder of the city. In 
 
 1862 he was town superintendent of public schools, and in 
 
 1863 President Lincoln appointed him postmaster of the 
 city, which position he held until Andrew Johnson suc- 
 ceeded to the Presidency, when, entertaining views an- 
 tagonistic to President Johnson's "policy," Mr. Leach re- 
 signed the office. He was a member of the County Board 
 of Chosen Freeholders in 1863, 1864, 1865, 1867, 1868 and 
 1870. He was frequently urged to accept a nomination for 
 
THE D.A'ADK i;i:F()i;K 'I'lIK JiKliKMJuN 287' 
 
 tlie A.ssonil)l\-, as well as to the Mayoralty of Cai)e May, 
 but declined these honors. 
 
 In his death Cape May lost one oi its most pronnnent 
 and highly-esteemed citizens, one who will long be re- 
 membered as a worthy representative of the "gentleman of 
 the old scl col." The tablet erected to his memory in the 
 Ilaptist Church bears this inscription: 
 "In Memory of 
 Joseph Smallidge Leach, Es(|.. a descendant of tlu Puritans. 
 He preached to this people many years without compensa- 
 tion and served in the office of deacon forty-three years. 
 
 A Successful Educator. 
 
 An Able Editor. 
 
 An Exemplary Citizen. 
 
 He honorably filled many public offices. In all life's re- 
 lations he merited and won universal respect and esteem. 
 
 A quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty. 
 I Timothy, xi, 2." 
 
 Mr. Leach married. May 31. 1841, Sophia, daughter of 
 Josiah Ball, Esq., of Worcester county. Mass. She still 
 survives him, with seven of their nine children. 
 
 Petersburg's postoffice was first opened in April. 1856, 
 with Peter Corson as postmaster. On the 6th of Septem- 
 ber following the Rio Grande postoffice was opened, with 
 Jeremiah Hand as postmaster. This mr.de the fifteenth 
 postofifice established in the county. None were again es- 
 tablished until after the close of the Civil War. 
 
 In 1856 a telegraph known as the Philadeli)hia and Cape 
 Island Telegraph was doing business, and continued to do 
 so until the outbreak of the Civil War, when it was aband- 
 oned by its proprietors. 
 
 In 1856 Jesse H. Diverty was chosen to represent Cape 
 May in the State Senate, and served in the sessions of '57, 
 '58 and '59, having served two preceding years as a member 
 of the Assembly. His grandfather was William Diverty, 
 who lived from 1744 to 181 1, and was a native of Scotland. 
 IPs father was James Diverty, born in Aberdeen, Scotland, 
 in 1783. At the age of 10 the father came to Wilmington, 
 Del., to live with an uncle. When 21 he came to Cape May 
 to purchase hoop poles for the cooperage business of his 
 
•288 
 
 IILSTOKY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 uncle. He married afterwards Deborah Smith, the daugh- 
 ter of Mrs. Jesse Hand, wife of the Cape May patriot. The 
 new couple began life at Dennisville. where the father be- 
 came a lumber merchant and postmaster. He died in 1858. 
 Jesse H. Diverty was born there, December 22, 1822. He 
 was educated in the village school and at Ih-idgcton Acad- 
 emy. For a time, when young-, he was engaged in mercan- 
 tile pursuits in Baltimore, and then with his father at Den- 
 nisville. In 1865 he began the ship building l)usiness, 
 
 .IKSSK H. DIVKiMY. 
 
 building in his time about thirty vessels. When the ship- 
 building died out, he entered into agricultural pursuits. 
 
 In public life he served as township collector, committee- 
 man, justice of the peace, superintendent of schools, and for 
 forty years was a school trustee. After serving in the Sen- 
 ate, he was made engrossing clerk of that body for the two 
 following years. Governor Abbett appointed him one of 
 the commissioners of State Charities and Corrections. He 
 was at first a Whig, but later a Democrat. During the war 
 he was a staunch Unionist. In 1877 he was appointed a 
 
THH DKCADK l'.i:inKi: illK Ki;!'.i:Ll.U)X. 
 
 2S9 
 
 Judge of County Courts, and was reappointed in 1882 and 
 1887. 
 
 When 12 years of age he beeanie a Methodist, and in 
 1843 was made a class leader. Me was in 1S44 made an ex- 
 liorter, in 1847 ^ local preacher, in i860 a deacon and in 
 1871 an elder. He was superintendent of the Su.nday-school 
 from 1843 until his death. He died at Denn'sville March 
 9, 1890. 
 
 The county of C"ape I\lay owes to the memory of Dr. 
 
 1)1!. :\1AIH1(K liKKSI.KV. 
 
 jMaurice Beesley, of Dmnisville, as n)i:ch, if not more, :.'S 'o 
 any man of recent times, for his ])resu"vation of the facts 
 concerning the early settlers and the tlevelopment of the 
 county. In 1857 he had printed liis "Sketch of the Early 
 History of Cape May County," and it has proved a valuable 
 document. Dr. Beesley was long connected with the wel- 
 fare of the county. He iirst saw the light of day at Den- 
 nisville on May 16, 1804. His grandfather, Jonathan Bees- 
 ley, was a Revolutionary soldier, being killed fighting in 
 battle for American independence. H-s father was Thomas 
 
290 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUiNTY. 
 
 Beesley. Tlie doctor was an elder brother of Thomas H.. 
 Beesley, who succeeded him in pubhc life a few years later. 
 Youne: Maurice Beesley obtained a good education by his 
 own diligent work, and then began the study of medicine 
 with Dr. Theophilus Beesley. of Salem. He graduated in 
 1828, and shcirtly after began practicing his profession at 
 Cape May Court House, remaining there about a year. 
 Afterwards he removed to Dennisville, where he actively 
 practiced for fifty-three years. Dr. Beesley was sent to the 
 Legislature by the people from 1840 to 1842, and the two 
 years following he served in the Legislative Council. He was 
 actively interested in the laws perfecting the management of 
 the insane institutions in the State. In 1845 he became a 
 member of the New Jersey Historical Society, and contrib- 
 uted to its library often valuable historical records. 
 
 In 1866, upon the taking effect of the new school law, he 
 was appointed superintendent of public instruction for Cape 
 May county, and served efficiently in that capacity until 
 1 88 1, when he resigned on account of failing health. He 
 dearly loved nature. "His researches into the origin of the 
 burned juniper forests of Dennis Creek are of great and last- 
 ing value," says a writer, "being the standard authority to 
 this day." He died January 13, 1882, aged 78, and his 
 remains lie in the cemetery at South Dennis. 
 
 William Smith Hooper, who, in 1856, was elected Sherifif 
 and served three years, was born at Tuckahoe, September 
 10, 1816, and was the last male descendent of his line 
 when he died. His father, who came from South Carolina, 
 and who was a nephew of William Hooper, the signer of the 
 Declaration of Independence, was drowned in the Delaware 
 Bay when the lad was 4 years of age. His mother was 
 Abagail Smith, a daughter of Captain William Smith, of the 
 Revolutionary army. When young he was bound to Rich- 
 ard Smith Ludlani (Assemblyman in 1847 and cousin of his 
 mother). Young Hooper served as clerk in Mr. Ludlam's 
 store and mill at Dennisville, and afterwards at the Man- 
 sion House in Cape Island. When he became of age he 
 went to the banks of the Ohio River, crossing the Allegheny 
 Mountains by stage, and engaged in purchasing and selling 
 lumber in the towns along the river, and, for a time, was 
 
I'lii-: in-;(Ai>E hi:f()hk the rebellion. 
 
 •^91 
 
 clerk in a countint^ lu)use in Covinytcjn. His health failing 
 him, he came back to Cape May county and resided at Den- 
 nisville, where he held township offices. He came to Cape 
 Island, and in 1853 he was a member of the City Council of 
 Cape Island, and in 1855 was Recorder of the city, and at 
 the same time a member i^f the JJoard of Freeholders. He 
 enlisted for the war wi'li Mexico, bin did n.ot <^o. At the 
 breaking out of the Civil War he entered Company A. Sev- 
 enth Regiment, New Jersey Volunteers, being mustered into 
 service for three years and commissioned corporal August 
 23, 1861, and was promoted to sergeant July 15, 1863. He 
 
 WII.I.IAM S. HooPKU. 
 
 was in all the important battles with the regiment during 
 the service, being mustered out October 7, 1864. He be- 
 came an invalid in the service, and remained so until his 
 death. In 1872 he was chosen tax collector of Cape May 
 City, and was re-elected five times, serving until 1878. In 
 1884 he was chosen a member of the Board of Freeholders 
 again, and served in the board from 1886 to 1891. He was 
 a member of the Cape Island Lodge, Free and Accepted Ma- 
 sons, a director of the Cape Island Turnpike Company. In 
 politics he was a Whig until the formation of the Republi- 
 can party, when he became a believer in its principles. He 
 died in Cape May City on August 20, 1896, being within 
 
292 IllSTOKY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 twenty days of his 8oth year. His remains are interred in 
 Calvary Baptist Church Cemeter}-. Seaville. 
 
 The mail service in the year 1857 was irregular, the at- 
 tempts being made to get two and sometimes three mails a 
 week. The mails were all carried by the stage lines. The 
 "Ocean Wave" of April 16, this year, tells of the need of a 
 daily mail and of the delays in the following article: 
 
 "We need a daily mail. That we have no direct mail 
 communication between Cape Island and Cape May C. H., 
 our county seat, but once a week, is a fact known to all. A 
 letter written here on \\'ednesday may go direct to the 
 Court House on Thursday, and an answer be returned on 
 Saturday, by the Bridgeton mail; but at any other time in 
 the week our letters must be sent up by the Bayside mail, 
 on Mondays. Wednesdays or Fridays to Tuckahoe, and 
 there stopped till the next dov/n mail to the Court House, 
 thus performing a journey of nearly fifty miles, while the 
 distance is onlv thirteen miles direct from here to the Court 
 House." 
 
 The same source gives the facts tliat in Cape May county, 
 from returns of assessors and statistics otherwise obtained, 
 t'at farm products had increased by [857 over the products 
 in 1850 by 50 per cent., and that since the United States 
 census of 1S50 the price of land in ihe county had nearly 
 doubled. 
 
 In the election of the fall of 1857 there were but 541 votes 
 polled in the county. Downs Edmunds, Jr., was chosen 
 Assemblyman; Elijah Townsend, Jr., Surrogate, and Wil- 
 liam S. Hooper Sheriff. In the election of the succeeding 
 year the slavery question was beginning to agitate the peo- 
 ple. There were the American, People's and Democratic 
 parties. The result was that Downs Edmunds, Jr., Amer- 
 ican, and Abram Reeves, People's, were chosen Senator and 
 Assemblyman respectively. In 1859 Reeves was re-elected 
 to the Assembly on the American ticket. 
 
 In 1858 the Cape Island Gas Company had been estab- 
 lished, and the rates charged for gas was $6.00 per one thou- 
 sand feet burned, and the rent of the meters was ^3.00 per 
 year. ' • 1 
 
Tin-: i)i:("Ai)i-: HEi^oiiio tiik ukim'.i.i.ion. lm;^ 
 
 Downs Edmunds, Jr., served three years in the Assembly, 
 1856. 1857, 1858, and was elected and served a full term in 
 the Senate, servings in the Legislatures of 1859, i860 and 
 1861. He was born at Fishing Creek, October 29, 1813, 
 and was the son of Downs Edmunds, an esteemed resident 
 of lower Cape May county. He was a man of considerable 
 business qualifications, being a farmer, merchant and, for 
 a number of years, was agent at Cape May for the steam- 
 boats plying between Cape May and other places. He was 
 a member of the Board of Freeholders for several years. On 
 June 3, 1884, Governor Abbett appointed him a Judge of 
 Common Pleas Court for Cape May county, and he served 
 out the unexpired term of Abraham Reeves. He was an 
 adherent of the Republican party. He died at his West 
 Cape May home April i, 1890, aged 'j'j years. 
 
 Abraham Reeves, who was elected to the Assembly when 
 Mr. Edmunds was chosen Senator, was a son of Abijah 
 Reeves, of the War of 181 2, and was born in 
 Lower township October 22, 1802. He was a man 
 of commanding presence, six feet in height. He 
 was known as "Uncle Abe" to every one. His educa- 
 tional advantages were limited, it being said of him that he 
 never spent but three months in a school. He, however, 
 was a man of good judgment and integrity. He served two 
 terms in the Assembly and was twice appointed a Judge of 
 Common Pleas Court, holding the position when he died. 
 For a number of years he was a chosen Freeholder, and 
 held many township ofHces. He served several years as 
 president of the County Bible Society, was an elder of the 
 Cold Spring Presbyterian Church. He was at first a Whig, 
 and then a Republican in politics. He died May, 1884. 
 
 In the year i860 Cape May was passing out of one epoch 
 into another. The old stage coach was soon to give way 
 to the railroad train. The impending conflict of afifairs 
 which terminated in the War of the Rebellion was becoming 
 intense. No better way of ascertaining the condition of the 
 county at this time can be had than by recourse to the 
 statistics here presented. The population consisted of 7130 
 persons, divided as follows: 
 
294 
 
 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
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 There were in the county 1465 famUies, 1600 dwellings, 
 523 separate farms and thirty-eight manufacturing estab- 
 lishments. The value of the assessable real estate in the 
 county was $872,364.00, and the total taxes assessed in the 
 county were $11,727.47, it being used for the following pur- 
 poses: For support of the county, $3899.47; for schools, 
 $6128.00, and for public roads, $1700.00. 
 
 Farming was the principal occupation of the residents, and 
 the production for the year ending on June i is here given: 
 
THE DKCADK HKFOKK rHI': ItKP.KM.H )N. 
 
 295 
 
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 OS I Improved 
 
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 Cash ^'alue 
 of Farms 
 
 Value of Farming Im- 
 plements and Ma- 
 chinery 
 
 Horses 
 
 IC t>S o 
 
 c; >4^ r- o 
 
 Asses & Mules 
 
 Milch Cows 
 
 *: ?: S ! Workincr Oxen 
 
 life g ?. S I other Cattle 
 
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 eep 
 
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 Swine 
 
 Value of Live 
 
 Stock 
 
29() 
 
 HISTORY OF CATE MAY COI'XTY. 
 
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 Kye, bu. of 
 
 Indian C(jrn, 
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 Oats. bu. of 
 
 Woo], 11)S. of 
 
 Pea.s and Beans, 
 bu. of 
 
 Irish Potatoes, 
 bu. of 
 
 Sweet Potatoes, 
 bu. of 
 
 Bui-kwlieat, bu. of 
 
 Value of Orehaid 
 Products 
 
 Wine, gallons of 
 
 hi 
 
THE DECADE BEFUKE Tl 1 E KEr.ELi-K)N. 297 
 
 The avcra<;e monthly wages of a farm hand was $12.00; 
 the day laborer's, with board, seventy-iive cents per day; 
 the day laborer's, without board, $1.00; carpenter's average 
 daily wages, $1.50; weekly wages of a domestic female, 
 with board, $1.00, and without board, $2.25 per week. 
 
 The number of manufacturing establishments was thirty- 
 eight, in which there was $79,658.00 invested. The value 
 of material used in a year was $60,846.00, out of which the 
 annual productions amounted to $75,320.00. Seventy- 
 eight males and seven females were employed. 
 
 There were twenty-seven schools in which thirty-two 
 teachers were employed, teaching 2373 scholars at an annual 
 cost of $7586.00. There was one academy, the one at Cold 
 Spring (M Williamson's), in which one teacher was en- 
 gaged, and which had thirty students, which was run at an. 
 expense of $760 per year. There was one library in th- 
 county, in which there were 1550 books. Throughout the 
 county there were twenty-one churches of various denom- 
 inations, with an aggregate accommodation for 9056 per- 
 sons, and valued at $58,900. 
 
 The mode of travel to and from the county was either by 
 stage or vessel up to 1863. The steamers during the sum- 
 mer seasons made round trips from Philadelphia and New 
 York once every two days, and sometimes there was a daily 
 communication by water in this season with Philadelphia. 
 But at other seasons of the year the water route wa^ more 
 uncertain. 
 
 The stages ran by way of Bridgeton and Tuckahoe. The 
 "Bridgeton stage" passed through the bay shore towns from 
 Cape Island to Bridgeton, while the "Tuckahoe stage" 
 passed through the villages on the seashore side of the 
 county, going to May's Landing and thence to Philadelphia. 
 These routes were subject to change. The stages, before 
 the advent of the railroads, carried the mails, and, when 
 approaching the villages, the driver would always herald 
 their approach by tooting a big horn. Then the village 
 folk would gather around the primitive postoffice to get a 
 letter or hear the latest news from the "United States Ga- 
 zette" (now the "North American"), of Phi!adel]jhia, which 
 seemed to be the |)rincipal newspaper read in the count}'. 
 
298 
 
 HISTORY OF CArE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 The fare between Philadelphia and Cape May, one way only, 
 was $3.50 per passenger. 
 
 The Bridgeton stage, which in 1856 was owned by James 
 Whitaker, left Cape May on Mondays and Thursdays at 5 
 in the morning, winter and summer, and passed through the 
 villages of Cold Spring, Fishing Creek, Green Creek, Dy- 
 ers Creek, Goshen, Dennisville, Leesbury, Dorchester, Port 
 Elizabeth and Millville, arriving at Bridgeton on the same 
 evming at 4 o'clock. There the passengers took another 
 stage and went on to Philadelphia. The returning days 
 wer^e Wednesdays and Saturdays, which gave the team of 
 liorses a day's rest between times. Those who drove these 
 stages the longest were Henry C. MuUiner, William Heben- 
 thal, better known throughout the county and to his passen- 
 gers at the time as "Dutch Billy." 
 
 The great centres of industries were about West Creek, 
 and Dennis Creek, which was reached by water. At the latter 
 place ship building was conducted on a large scale. Most 
 of the store business of the county was done there, and these 
 businesses did not decline until the railroad opened and 
 made the means of transportation a more easy matter. 
 
 The people of this county held many meetings during 
 the eight years preceding 1863, when the Cape May and 
 Millville Railroad was finally opened to Cape May. 
 
 There were schemes and routes laid out for many roads, 
 and during the year 1857 the proposed "Cape May and 
 Atlantic" Road had meetings held all over the county. The 
 directors of it were Ebenezer Westcott, Joshua Swain. Jr., 
 Hezekiah W. Godfrey, Matthew Whilldin, Dr. Henry 
 Schmoele, Daniel E. Estel, Abraham L. Iszard, William 
 Schmoele and Lilburn Harwood. Elias Wright was the 
 en-'neer in charge. 
 
 ( 1 September 2, at a public meeting at Cape Island, 
 Do\ ^s Edmimds, Jr., David Reeves. John West, Waters B. 
 Miller --M Joseph Ware were appointed to confer with the 
 West Jci.. •' Railroad about building a road through the 
 county. On t'-- 7th of August, preceding. Dr. Schmoele, 
 Matthew Whilldin, Waters B. Miller and Joseph Ware 
 (then Mayor) were appointed at a public meeting to confer 
 with the Camden and Atlantic Road for the same purpose. 
 
TIIK Dl'.CADE r.KFORK THE REBELLION. 21)9 
 
 The Council of Cape Island was asked to subscribe $10,000 
 for the enterprise, which it finally did on April 24, i860, 
 Matthew Whilldin was paid by this Council also to procure 
 the right of way for a road from property owners. 
 
 Joseph S. Leach, editor of the "Ocean Wave," and Charles 
 B. Dungan, who was president of the company which 
 "finally built the road and who was the contractor also, de- 
 serve, with others, a large share of gratitude from the present 
 residents of Cape May county for their untiring efforts in 
 getting the road here. On May 13, 1863, the Board of 
 Freeholders passed a resolution allowing the Cape May 
 and Millville Railroad the right to lay rails over Cape Is- 
 land bridge, and within a few days thereafter the railroad 
 was opened to Cape May. It was not until August 29, 1879, 
 that it was united with the West Jersey Railroad. Since 
 then the great Pennsylvania system has secured control and 
 thus has given to Cape May unnumbered advantages, and 
 cheap excursion rates from all over the country. The open- 
 ing of the road caused much prosperity. 
 
 Charles B. Dungan was born in Holmesburg, Pa., in 1813. 
 He remained there for twelve years, attending the public 
 schools. 
 
 A blind gentleman from Brooklyn, N. Y., who was visit- 
 ing Holmesburg, took a strong liking to him, and induced 
 Tiis mother, who was a wadow, to allow him to take the boy 
 with him upon his return home. Young Dungan remained 
 with this gentleman until his death, a period of five or six 
 years, acting as his clerk and companion. He was then 
 apprenticed to Gideon Cox, a dry goods merchant, wdiose 
 place of business was at the corner of Eighth and Market 
 streets, Philadelphia. When he attained his majority he 
 •went in to business for himself in Philadelphia. His store 
 was robbed, and everything of value carried oft. Not being 
 able to resume his business, he secured a clerkship in the 
 -office of the Northern Liberties Gas \\'orks, eventually be- 
 'Coming one of its ol^cers. 
 
 He then engaged in the business of building gas works, 
 constructing those in the cities of Washington, D. C; Fre^" 
 ericksburg, Va.; Reading, Pa.; Hartford and New Haven, 
 Conn., and other cities, seventeen in all. In 1850, when. 
 
300 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 through ill health, he had virtually retired from business^ 
 he was the possessor of large means. 
 
 He was induced to take an interest in the construction 
 the Hoosac Tunnel, in Massachusetts. This work was be- 
 ing successfully prosecuted, when the great panic of 1857' 
 overtook them, and in consequence became so involved 
 that he was never able to resume work on it, the State tak- 
 ing it up after the war and completing it. 
 
 He then became interested in the managements of city 
 passenger railways in Philadelphia, and was for several years, 
 president of the Fairmount and Arch Street Road. He- 
 conceived and carried out its consolidation with the Heston- 
 ville Road. 
 
 His next venture was the building of the Millville and 
 Cape May Railroad, in 1863, of which he was contractor and 
 president. He was not only public-spirited, but whole- 
 souled and generous to a fault. His purse was always open 
 to the needs of others, to the church and to any worthy 
 benevolence which claimed his attention. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Presbyterian church and a consistent professor of 
 Christianity. 
 
 He died at his home in Cape May City on Wednesday. 
 January ii, 1888. 
 
 Thomas y^ Townsend, who w^as a prominent sea captain 
 before the war, has done a good work for posterity in pre- 
 serving many historical records. He was born about 
 i&ir2~, and when young was a clerk in the store of Jeremiah 
 Leaming at Dennisville. He then became a blacksmith,, 
 and later a sea captain, commanding at different times- 
 eleven vessels. He retired in 1863. His historical docu- 
 ments were gathered since then. He died April 24, 1894. 
 
CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 OPENING OF THE CIVIL WAR. 
 
 The attention of our reader is now turned to the part our 
 people took in the War of the RebelHon, in which Cape 
 May men did honor to themselves and to their State and 
 country. As soon as the Confederates seized Fort Sumter, 
 in April, 1861, the spirit of patriotism spread over Cape May 
 county in as great a degree as anywhere else in the Union. 
 In the autumn previous the people of the county had voted 
 by a large majority for Mr. Lincoln for President. In 
 every village the people assembled in public meetings and 
 pledged their support to the Union. Military organizations 
 were formed throughout the :<:ounty. The Cape Island 
 Home Guards, under command of Captain John West; the 
 Seaville Rangers, under the care of Captain Joseph E. Cor- 
 son, and a company at Cape May Court House, under the 
 command of N. N. Wentzell, were quickly organized. "Long 
 Tom," the only cannon in the county, which had been used 
 in the War of 1812, was brought out, and the Board of Free- 
 holders, on May 7, were asked to repair its carriage, which 
 they, however, refused to do, being composed at the time 
 of men not in sympathy with President Lincoln. On the 
 same day Captain West's communication, asking for aid for 
 the "Home Guards," was also disregarded by the board. 
 But, as more serious events happened in the border States, 
 the Board of Freeholders at last realized that they must do 
 something, and therefore their sympathies were turned in 
 for the Union. 
 
 On May i Henry W. Sawyer, of Cape Island, offered his 
 services to Governor Olden, and was subsequently given a 
 commission in the First Cavalry. He had already per- 
 formed service for the Governor and in Washington, which 
 is told of later on. 
 
 On the nth of June the Board of Freeholders gave N. N. 
 
302 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Wentzell permission to use the Grand Jury room in thet 
 Court House for drilling purposes. Immediately previous, 
 to this the board also passed a resolution giving to the family 
 of Mr. Sawyer $6.00 per month as long as he remained in^ 
 the service of either the United States or New Jersey. 
 
 Simultaneous with these movements for the recruitment 
 and organization of troops, the State authorities were en- 
 gaged in other important labors. Realizing the necessity 
 of means of prompt and constant communication with all 
 parts of the State, the telegraph line to Cape May, which had 
 been abandoned by the company, was at once ordered to 
 be put in working order at the expense of the State; and, as 
 a further means of defense, a maritime guard was established 
 along the line of the coast, consisting of patriotic citizens 
 living adjacent thereto. Waters B. Miller, then a member 
 of the Board of Freeholders from Cape Island, sent the fol- 
 lowing telegram to the Governor concerning the abandoned 
 Philadelphia and Cape Island Telegraph Line: 
 
 "Philadelphia, April 21, 1861. 
 "Governor Olden: — The telegraph line to Cape Island 
 has not been in operation for several months. The company, 
 it is said, have abandoned it. The line should be put in 
 working order to communicate with government vessels off 
 the Capes. It will cost about $500. Shall I have it put 
 in order? W. B. Miller, of Cape May." 
 
 The Governor forthwith ordered Mr. Miller to repair the 
 line, which was quickly done, the work costing in all 
 $779.08. 
 
 In order to prepare for an earnest Union meeting, on 
 Friday, June 21, 1861, a meeting was held in Court House 
 village, at which J. F. Craig presided and A. L. Haynes 
 acted as secretary, to arrange for the celebration of the 
 Fourth of July. The following Committee of Arrange- 
 ments was appointed: Dr. John Wiley, Dr. Coleman F. 
 Leaming, Dr. Jonathan F. Leaming, Hon. Thomas Beesley, 
 Judges Holmes and Samuel Springer. The committee sub- 
 sequently met and appointed a County Committee, consist- 
 ing of the following persons: Thomas Williams, Joseph E. 
 Corson, Richard B. Stites, Charles Ludlam, James L. Smith, 
 Henry Swain, Stephen Bennett, Franklin Hand, John 
 
OI'KNIN(i ( )F THE CIVIL WAR. 303 
 
 Swain, William J. Bate, Abraham Reeves, Jacob Corson, 
 Waters B. Miller, S. R. Magonagle and Colonel John West, 
 Committee on Grounds and Seating were: William Ross, 
 W^illiam H. Benezet, George Ogden, Joseph Holmes and 
 Charles Mills. Committee fpr Obtaining Speakers and 
 Music: Dr. J. F. Learning, Dr. C. F. Leaming. Committee 
 on Resolutions: Rev. Moses Williamson, Drs. Coleman F. 
 and Jonathan F. Leaming. 
 
 This celebration was held and the residents of the whole 
 county participated in it. 
 
 During the early summer Samuel R. Magonagle, editor 
 of the "Ocean Wave," at Cape Island induced the follow- 
 ing persons to enlist for the war, who signed the roll in the 
 Baptist Church there: Samuel R. Magonagle, George W. 
 Smith, Richard T. Tindall, Joseph Hand, David Reeves, 
 Jr., Charles FL Weeks, William S. Hooper, Samuel R. Lud- 
 lam, Harry L. Gilmour, Walter S. Ware, W. S. Ware, Wil- 
 liam B. Eldredge, Albert J. Cassedy, James T. Smith. John 
 W. Kimsey, Nicholas T. Swain, Stephen D. Bennett, Joseph 
 W. Johnson, John Mecray, Townsend T. Ireland, Stephen 
 Pierson, James Burns, Caleb Warner, Thomas S. Stevens, 
 Benjamin RedhefTer, Joseph W. Ireland, Charles S. Hays, 
 Charles J. Silver, T. Fletcher Jacobs, Jonathan C. Stevens, 
 John Stites, Owen S. Clark, Walter A. Barrows, Patrick 
 Kerns, Swain S. Reeves, Edward Filkin and Lewis H. 
 Cresse. Nearly all of them finally went to the front. Wal- 
 ter S. Ware was not accepted because of his youthfulness. 
 
 With those who went to Trenton from Cape May county 
 to join the First Cavalry Regiment were Thomas S. Stevens 
 and Joseph Hand, who were enrolled and mustered in as 
 privates in Company F, Fourth Regiment Infantry, on Au- 
 gust 15, for a period of three years. Mr. Stevens remained 
 with his regiment until August 17, 1864, when he was mus- 
 tered out at Trenton. Mr. Hand served until he was dis- 
 charged from the service on account of disability at De 
 Camp U. S. Army, General Hospital, David's Island, New 
 York harbor, on October 7, 1862. 
 
 The Fourth Regiment arrived in Washington on Au- 
 gust 21, and was assigned to the brigade of General Philip 
 Kearney, known as the First Brigade. The regiment took 
 
304 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 part in the following engagements: West Point, Va., May 7, 
 '62; Gaines Farm, Va., June 27, '62; Charles City Cross 
 Roads, Va., June 30, '62; White Oak Swamp, Va., 
 same day; Malvern Hill, Va., July i, '62; Manas- 
 sas, Va., August 27, '62; Chantilly, Va., Septemberber i, '62; 
 Crampton's Pass, Md., September 14, '62; Antietam, Md., 
 September 17, '62; Fredericksburg, Va., December 13 and 
 14, '62; Fredericksburg, Va., May 3, '63; Salem Heights, 
 Va., May 3 and 4, '63; Gettysburg, Pa., July 2 and 3, '63; 
 Fairfield, Pa., July 5, '63; Williamsport, Md., July 6, '63; 
 Funktown, Md., July 12, '63; Rappahannock Station, Va., 
 October 12, '63; same place, November 7, '63; Mine Run, 
 Va., November 30, '63; Wilderness, Va., May 5 to 7, '64; 
 Spottsylvania, Va., May 8 to 11, '64; Spottsylvania C. H., 
 Va., May 12 to 16, '64; North and South Anna River, Va., 
 May 24, '64; Hanover Cv\H., Va., May 29, '64; Tolopotomy 
 Creek, Va., May 30 and 31, '64; Cold Harbor, Va., June I 
 to 3, '64; before Petersburg, Va. (Weldon Railroad), June 
 23, '64; Snicker's Gap, Va., July 18, '64, and other skirm- 
 ishes and battles following, none of which the Cape May 
 men were in as members of the Fourth Regiment. 
 
 In the Sixth Regiment of Infantry, which left the State for 
 the scene of the-war, was Dr. John Wiley, of Cape May Court 
 House, who served as chief surgeon of the regiment dur- 
 ing the war. He was commissioned and mustered into ser- 
 vice on August 17, 1861, for three years, being mustered 
 out September 17, 1864. He was born in Pennsgrove, N. 
 J., in 1815, and graduated from Jefferson Medical College, 
 Philadelphia, in 1837. Shortly after he settled at Cape 
 May Court House, being for many years county physician. 
 He was chosen by the Board of Freeholders in 1865 county 
 collector and held the office for upwards of twelve years. 
 He died at Cape May Court House on December 24. i8qt. 
 
 Wilmon Whilldin enlisted as private in Company I, Sixth 
 Regiment, on August 9. 1861, and was mustered into service 
 twenty days later for three years, but, owing to disability, 
 he was discharged at Washington on June 16, 1862. After 
 this he entered the service again in the famous Wilson Raid- 
 ers, which operated during the close of the war around 
 Georgia. Upon the arrival of the Sixth in Washington it 
 
OPENING OF THE ( IVIL WAK. 305 
 
 went into camp at Meridian Hill, and there remained until 
 the early part of December, when the Second New Jersey 
 Brigade, of which the regiment formed a part, was ordered 
 to report under Joseph Hooker. 
 
 Company A, Seventh Regiment, as first organized, was 
 composed largely of Cape May men, all of whom enlisted 
 and were mustered into service on August 23 for three years, 
 excepting Thomas Bush and John Reeves, who were en- 
 rolled and mustered into the company on September 15. 
 
 Those who entered the company were, and their records 
 of promotion are, as follows: 
 
 George W. Smith, first sergeant; sergeant-major of regi- 
 ment January 1 1, '62; second lieutenant of company, June 
 16, '62; first lieutenant, Company H, October 2, '62; captain 
 Company C, February 23, '62; resigned January 7, '64. 
 Was shot through cheek. 
 
 Joseph W. Johnson, private; corporal, June 9, '62; ser- 
 geant, March i, '63; sergent-major of regiment June i, 
 '63 ; first lieutenant of company, October 27, '63. 
 
 Samuel R. Magonagle, private; quartermaster-sergeant 
 of regiment, September 13, '61; discharged on account of 
 disability, November 21, '61. 
 
 James T. Smith, private; corporal, October 12, '61; ser- 
 geant. July 22, '62; wounded in battle of The Wilderness. 
 
 William S. Hooper, corporal; sergeant, July 15, '63. 
 
 Charles H. Weeks, private; corporal, June 9, '62; ser- 
 geant, July 15, '63. 
 
 Thomas L. Van Wrinkle, private; corporal, January i, 
 '64; discharged as paroled prisoner at Trenton on February 
 I, '65. Was taken prisoner and confined in the "Pen" at 
 Andersonville, Ga., suffering many privations. 
 
 Swain S. Reeves, private; corporal, June 18, '64. 
 
 Jonathan C. Stevens, private; corporal, July 15, '63. 
 
 Thomas Bush, private. 
 
 Moses W. Matthews, private. 
 
 John Reeves, private. 
 
 Nicholas T. Swain, corporal; discharged on account of 
 disability at Division Hospital, Budd's Ferry, Md., June 
 13, '62. 
 
 Walter A. Barrows, private; discharged on account of 
 
306 HISTORY OF CATE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 disability at U. S. Army General Hospital, Newark, N. J.,. 
 November lo, '62. 
 
 Lewis H. Cresse, private; discharged on account of dis- 
 ability at Centre Street U. S. Army General Hospital, New- 
 ark, N, J., October 30, '62. 
 
 Edward Filkins, private; discharged on account disability 
 at U. S. Army General Hospital, Philadelphia, October 24,. 
 
 '62. 
 
 Isaac H. Hall, private; discharged on account of disability 
 at U. S. Army General Hospital, Philadelphia, September 
 13, '62. 
 
 Joseph W. Ireland, private; discharged on account of dis- 
 ability at Washington, May 16, '62. 
 
 Thomas Fletcher Jacobs, private; discharged on account 
 of disability at U. S. Army General Hospital, Newark, N.^ 
 J., August 18, '62. 
 
 Levi E. Johnson, private; discharged on account of dis- 
 ability at Baltimore, July 14, '62. 
 
 Thomas Keenan, private; discharged on account of dis- 
 ability at White House, Va., May 18, '62. 
 
 David T. Kimsey, private; discharged on account of dis- 
 ability at U. S. Army General Hospital, Philadelphia, Jan- 
 uary 24, '63. 
 
 John W. Kimsey, private; discharged on account of dis- 
 ability at Convalescent Camp, Alexandria, Va., September 
 
 4, '63. 
 
 Stephen Pierson, private; discharged on account of dis- 
 ability at New York city, October 29, '62. 
 
 Ulysses Receaver, private; discharged on account of dis- 
 ability at U. S. Army General Hospital, Philadelphia, No- 
 vember 19, '62, 
 
 David Reeves, Jr., private; discharged on account of dis- 
 ability at Budd's Ferry, Va., June 18, '^2. 
 
 William H. Kirby, private ; transferred to Veteran Reserve 
 Corps; re-enlisted May 6, '64; discharged therefrom August 
 
 18, '64. 
 
 Richard T. Tindall, sergeant; died of typhoid fever at 
 Washington, October 8, '61. 
 
 Stephen D. Bennett, private; died at Cape May, May 28, 
 
O !• E X . XCi ( ) L^^ T n 1<: civil W a R . 307 
 
 '62, of wounds received in battle at Williamsburg, Va., 
 May 5, '62. 
 
 Owen S. Clark, private; died at Baltimore, July 20, '63, cl 
 wounds received in battle at Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 Townsend Ireland, private; killed in battle at Williams- 
 burg, Va., May 5, '62. 
 
 John Mecray, private; killed in battle at \Villiani:iburg, 
 Va., May 5, '62. 
 
 John F. Shaw, private; died of congestion of lunga and 
 measles at Camp Baker, Md., March 12, '62. 
 
 Charles J. Silver, private; died at Cape May, May 2S. '62, 
 of wounds received in battle at Williamsburg, Va., May 5, 
 '62. 
 
 Of these men of Company A the following few renained 
 to the end and were mustered out of service on October 7, 
 1864: Joseph W. Johnson, James T. Smith, William S, 
 Hooper, Charles H. Weeks, Swain S. Reeves, Jonathan C. 
 Stevens, Thomas Bush, Moses W. Matthews and John 
 Reeves. 
 
 J. Howard Willetts, of Cape May county, was, on October 
 18, 1861, appointed captain of Company H, Seventh Regi- 
 ment, with which he remained until he was appointed lieu- 
 tenant-colonel of the Twelfth Regiment, on August 11, '62. 
 He was born at Dias Creek, November, 18, 1834, and re- 
 moved to Port Elizabeth, Cumberland county, in 1845. He 
 was educated at Pennington Seminary and at West Point 
 Military Academy. He is a grandson of Nicholas Willets, 
 who was in the Legislature in the early part of the century. 
 
 He studied medicine after leaving West Point, and gradu- 
 ated from Jeflferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1858. 
 In 1852 and 1853 he was a member of the Assembly from 
 Cumberland county, and from 1855 to 1858 was State Sen- 
 ator. 
 
 At the request of the government that the Seventh Regi- 
 ment be forwarded to the seat of w^ar, seven companies, in- 
 cluding Company A, were dispatched to Washington Sep- 
 tember 19, 1861, and reported for duty the following day. 
 Upon arrival at Washington the regiment went into camp 
 at Meridian Hill, D. C, and there remained until the early 
 part of December, at which time, in connection with the 
 
.308 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Fifth, Sixth and Eighth Regiments, they were ordered to 
 report to General Joseph Hooker, near Budd's Ferry, Md., 
 where they were brigaded and designated the Third Bri- 
 gade, Hooker's Division. 
 
 In the spring of 1862 the work of the regiment began in 
 earnest. "During the month of April," says John Y. Fos- 
 ter, "General McClellan having determined his plans for an 
 offensive movement, the brigade was transferred (with its 
 division) to the Peninsula, General F. E. Patterson being 
 placed in command shortly after its arrival. On the night 
 of the 3d of May Yorktown was evacuated by the enemy, 
 and on the following morning the army was promptly or- 
 dered forward in pursuit, Stoneman leading the advance. 
 * * * About noon Hooker's Division advanced on the 
 Yorktown road to Williamsburg, where the enemy was ex- 
 pected to make a stand, having a strong fort in front of that 
 place, at the junction of several roads, which commanded, 
 with some thirteen connecting works, all the roads leading 
 further up the Peninsula. The Jersey brigade, leaving 
 Yorktown at 2 o'clock, pushed forward with all possible 
 rapidity until 11 o'clock, when it bivouacked in a swamp 
 some five miles from Williamsburg. The night wa= rn- 
 teiisely dark and rainy, the roads were muddy and difficult, 
 and the men were sorely exhausted by labor in the trenches 
 and want of sleep; but, notwithstanding all obstacles and dis- 
 couragements, the troops pressed eagerly forward, all anx- 
 ious to participate in the struggle which was felt to be im- 
 minent. At 2 o'clock on the morning of the 5th the brigade, 
 being in advance, resumed its march, and three hours after, 
 emerging from a forest, came in sight of the enemy's works. 
 The position of the enemy, as described in General Hook- 
 er's report, was one of great strength. * * * After a 
 careful survey of the position, Hooker decided to attack at 
 once, and at half-past 7 o'clock advanced his skirmishers on 
 both sides of the road by which he had come up, at the same 
 time throwing forward two batteries on the right, and send- 
 ing in the Fifth New Jersey as their support. Almost si- 
 multaneously the remaining regiments of the brigade — 
 Sixth, Seventh and Eighth — were sent into the left of the 
 road, occupying a wood in front of a line of field-works. 
 
OPENING OF THE CIVIL WAR. 309 
 
 At this time the rain was falhng' in torrents, and the men 
 stood half-leg deep in mire and water. Steadily advancing 
 through the underbrush, the gallant regiments soon came 
 upon the enemy's forces, and at once opened a vigorous fire. 
 Here, for three hours, the conflict raged with desperate fury. 
 Commanding the ground at every point, the fire of the en- 
 emy was pitilessly destructive, and did not slacken for a 
 moment. But the brave fellows into whose faces it was 
 poured stood firmly and unflinchingly — sometimes, indeed, 
 pushed back a little space, but as surely hurling the rebels, 
 bleeding and shattered, back to their works. From the na- 
 ture of the ground there was no opportunity for the bayonet, 
 but the rapid volleys of the heroic troops were scarcely less 
 efifective. And thus the battle raged, the enemy reinforced 
 again and again, directing against these three regiments 
 all the fury of their attack; but still for hours the little col- 
 umn stood immovable. At last, however, the enemy, driven 
 now to desperation, rushed forward in overwhelming num- 
 bers, pouring a terrific fire into our whole line. Then, at 
 last, that brave line wavered. The ammimition exhausted, 
 their muskets rusted by the drenching rain, their ranks ter- 
 ribly thinned, exhausted by want of food and a dif^cult 
 march, these heroes of the day, before this last overwhelm- 
 ing onset, fell slowly back. But they were not defeated. 
 They had held the enemy in check, had frustrated every at- 
 tempt to flank our position, and so had saved the division, 
 which, but for this stubborn resistance, would have been 
 swept in disaster from the field." 
 
 Samuel Toombs, in his account of the "Jersey Troops in 
 the Gettysburg Campaign," says of the second day of the 
 battle at Gettysburg: 
 
 "The Seventh New Jersey Regiment suffered considerably 
 from the artillery fire of the eneniy while lying in support of 
 the batteries, a number of men being killed and wounded. 
 * * * At last, when the fighting was the fiercest at Lit- 
 tle Round Top, the Devil's Den and the Wheatfield, the 
 Seventh became exposed to a shower of flying bullets at 
 their backs. The regiment changed front to the left by the 
 right flank, bringing them to face in the lane and moving 
 a few hundred feet over towards the Emmetsburg road, and 
 
310 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 nearer to Trestle's lane. Just at this time the artillery, in order 
 to escape the advancing lines of Longstreet's hosts, limbered 
 up and came hastening to the rear from the Peach Orchard 
 and from the field. One battery, coming straight toward 
 the Seventh Regiment, caused the right four companies to 
 separate from the line, thus causing a gap, and, to avoid 
 being crushed to death by the reckless drivers of the battery, 
 were forced across Trostle's lane. The artillery became 
 temporarily blocked in the lane, the anxiety of the drivers 
 caused them to lap their horses over the pieces and caissons 
 in front of them, thus effectually preventing the right four 
 companies of the Seventh from rejoining their colors and 
 the other six companies on the south side of the lane. Si- 
 multaneously with this blockade in Trostle's lane came the 
 rebel lines into the sunken road, running from the Emmets- 
 burg pike to Round Top, and, with colors planted on this 
 natural breastwork, they opened a galling fire upon the 
 Seventh New Jersey and the Second New Hampshire, 
 which, falling back from its first position at the extreme 
 angle in the Peach Orchard, had made this its last stand, in 
 the field, about midway between the two roads. The right 
 of the Seventh, which was then the color company of the 
 regiment commanded by Captain Hillyer, rested under a 
 single tree that still stands on the fence line of Trostle's 
 lane. The regiment could not return with any efifect the 
 fire of the rebel line, as nothing but the slouch hats of their 
 men were visible; they were unable to lie down in the lane, 
 owing to the blockade of the artillery, and there was no 
 other shelter for the gallant veterans of the Seventh, who 
 had no thought of leaving the field without firing one shot 
 at the enemy, at least, before the guns were safely drawn. 
 Colonel Francine. Lieutenant-Colonel Price and Major 
 Cooper in a few moments saw that it would be impossible 
 to hold the men together inactive, exposed to this concen- 
 trated and galling fire, which in a few moments would be- 
 come deadly, when the rebel rifiemen had a more accurate 
 range. Believing that a charge on the double-quick, with 
 hearty Yankee cheers, would check the advance of the en- 
 emy's line and draw his fire from the retreating batteries, 
 at the same time destroying his range, the order was quickly 
 
()l'i:iSI.\<i OF 'i'llH Cl\ir> WAK. 311 
 
 given: 'Fix bayonets; forward, double-quick, charge!' and 
 tliis devoted little band swept across the field with shouts 
 
 • of confidence. As they reached about the prolongation of 
 the line of the Second New Hampshire — which stood like 
 
 .a wall, hopelessly watching its spent, feeble and almost ex- 
 hausted fire against the long line of battle confronting it — 
 the hopelessness of the Seventh's effort was apparent, and 
 all knew that any further advance meant certain annihila- 
 tion for the brave Jerseymen. A halt, a hasty adjustment 
 
 • of the line and a volley at the line of dirty slouch hats in 
 front, was the work of but a minute, and the rattle of the 
 musketrv drowned all other sounds, while the smoke to- 
 tally obscured the rebel hats and colors. 
 
 "At this point Colonel Francine, Lieutenant Alullery, Ad- 
 jutant Dougherty and over one-third of the Seventh were 
 x^uickly placed hors de combat. The few who were still 
 able to get away (wounded and unhurt) fell back beyond 
 the Trostle house, where they joined the other four com- 
 panies, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Price, 
 ^vho rallied the scattered fragments and made another stand 
 nearTrostle's dwelling, until he himself fell, shot through 
 the thigh, when the command devolved upon Major Fred- 
 erick Cooper. In falling back from its most advanced po- 
 sition many more were struck by the shower of balls. * * * 
 The losses of the Seventh were severe, "" * * wounded 
 -and missing as follows: 
 
 "Company A. 
 
 "Killed. — Corporal Parker S. Davis, Martin Van Houten, 
 James Flaveger. 
 
 "Wounded. — Lieutenant Robert Allen, First Sergeant 
 Frederick Laib (died July 7), Corporal Swain S. Reeves, 
 William PL Kirby. Thomas Prady, Lewis Hoag, Jonathan 
 C. Stevens. Owen S. Clark (died July 20), John Geckler." 
 
 These two regiments (the Sixth and Seventh) constituted 
 two of the four regiments composing what was generally 
 known as the Second Brigade. New Jersey \'olunteers, and 
 was first attached to the Third Brigade, Hooker's Division; 
 afterwards to the Third Brigade, Second Division, Third 
 Corps; then to the First Brigade, Fourth Division. Second 
 Corps; then to the Third Brigade, Third Division, Second 
 
312 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Corps, and at the close of the war was attached to what was 
 known as the Provisional Corps, Army of the Potomac. 
 
 The regiments took part in the following- engagements 
 (while Cape May men were in them): Siege of Yorktown, 
 Va., April and May, '62; Williamsburg, Va., May 5, '62; 
 Fair Oaks, Va., June i and 2, '62; Seven Pines, Va., June 
 25, '62; Savage Station, Va., June 29, '62; Glendale, Va., 
 June 30, '62; Malvern Hill, \'a., July i, '62; Malvern Hill, 
 Va., August 5, "62; Bristow Station, Va., August 27, '62; 
 Bull Run, Va., August 29 and 30, '62; Chantilly, Va., Sep- 
 tember I, '62; Centreville, Va., September 2, '62; Freder- 
 icksburg, Va., December 13 and 14, '62; Chancellorsville, 
 Va., May 3 and 4, '63; Gettysburg, Pa., July 2 and 3, '63; 
 Wapping Heights, Va., July 24, '63; McLean's Ford, Va., 
 October 15, '63; Mine Run, Va., November 29, 30 and De- 
 cember I, '63; Wilderness, Va., May. 5 to 7. '64; Spottsyl- 
 vania, Va., May 8 to 11, '64; Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 
 12 to 18, '64; North Anna River, Va., May 23 and 24, '64; 
 Tolopotomy Creek, Va., May 30 and 31, '64; Cold Harbor, 
 Va., June i to 5, '64; before Petersburg, Va.. June 16 to 23, 
 '64; Deep Bottom, Va., July 26 and 27, '64; mine explosion, 
 Va., July 30, '64; North Bank of James River, Va., Au- 
 gust 14 to 18, '64; Fort Sedgwick, Va., September 10, '64, 
 and Poplar Spring Church, Va., October 2, '64. 
 
 Of Captain George W. Smith it is said that he was a 
 brave soldier. He was born in Cincinnati in 1828, being 
 the grandson of Thomas Smith, who came from England 
 to Maryland in 1750. The oldest son was Thomas, father 
 of the captain, who died in Cincinnati from cholera in 1832. 
 The youth was then left to toil for himself with his two 
 brothers, James T. and William. In 1844 the widowed 
 mother and sons removed to Philadelphia, where George 
 learned the painter's trade. In 1850 they came to Cape Is- 
 land. In 1861 he was elected Alderman of Cape Island, 
 but went to war before serving out his term. On June 17 
 he became first lieutenant of the "Cape Island Home 
 Guards," and shortly after entered the service, as noted be- 
 fore. He was wounded at Chancellorsville May 3, 1863, 
 which was the cause of his resignation from the service on 
 January 7, 1864. When the advance was being made upon 
 
OI'EMNc; OF THE CIVIL WAK. 
 
 313 
 
 Richmond and just before the Seven Days' battle, he was in 
 command of Companies A and G. At the battle of Mal- 
 vern Hill he comniandetl the regiment because every other 
 commissioned officer had been killed or woimded. He 
 brought the regiment safe to Harrison's Landing. 
 
 Shortly after resigning Captain Smith came home-, and 
 was, in March, elected a member of the City Council. In 
 1871 and 1872 he was Sergeant-at-Arms of the New Jersey 
 Senate. 
 
 He organized Companv H, Sixth Regiment, New Jersey 
 
 GEOlUiK W". M.AriTir. 
 
 State Guards, auvl \v:.s r.ja.'.t ics first captain, June 4, 1875, 
 He was elected major of the regiment on September 21, 
 1882, and lieutenant-colonel on October 11. 1885. ^^ re- 
 signed the last-named position on March 14, 1887, and has 
 since been in private life. He was postmaster at Avalon 
 during his brief residence there. He was for twenty-five 
 years superintendent of the Methodist Episcopal Church 
 Sunday-school at Cape May City. In politics he was a Re- 
 publican, Init in later years has been a member of the Pro- 
 hibition party. His brother. William, who was cue time 
 
314 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY'. 
 
 captain of the "Cape Island Home Guards," served in a 
 Pennsylvania regiment, and was killed in the battle of Get- 
 tysburg. 
 
 Conipany C, of the Ninth Regiment Infantry, New Jer- 
 sey Volunteers, contained the following persons, who en- 
 rolled and were enlisted on September 20, 1861, for three 
 years of service: David D. Burcli, Samuel D. Corson, Jo- 
 seph F. Craig, Enoch W. Hand, Jub Heritage, Richard 
 Heritage and Augustus Spalding, all privates. Burch re- 
 enlisLed January io, "04, and was appointed corporal De- 
 cember 3, '64, and sergeant JMay 14, '65. Corson and 
 Spalding also re-enlisted on January 18, '64, and Richard 
 HeriLage two days following. Benjamin B. Garrison was 
 mustered into the service on May 22, 1863, and Jeremiah 
 Garrison on April 13, 1864, each as a private, for three 
 years. Samuel Hearon and John High, of Cape May 
 county, who had enlisted, and were mustered in Company E, 
 same regiment, on April 8, 1865, for one year, were trans- 
 ferred to Company C, while John C. Garrison, who en- 
 listed on March 16, '65, for one year in Company B, was 
 transferred to Company C also. Benjamin B. Garrison died 
 of typhoid fever at the hospital of the Third Division, Twen- 
 ty-third Army Corps, Greensboro, N. C, May 17, 1865, 
 and was buried at Raleigh National Cemetery, N. C. Sec- 
 tion 23, Grave 6. All the others served out their enlist- 
 ments or v/ere mustered out of service as follows: Enoch 
 W, Hand, December 7, '64; Joseph F. Craig and Job Heri- 
 tage, the next day; David D. Burch, Samuel D. Corson, 
 Jeremiah Garrison, John C. Garrison, Richard Heritage, 
 Samuel Hearon and John High, July T2, '65, and x\u- 
 gustus Spalding, August 7, '65. 
 
 ^\& Ninth Regiment took part in the following engage- 
 mei '^>: Roanoke Island, N. C, February 8, '62; Newberne, 
 N. C March 14, '62; Fort Macon, N. C, April 25, '62; 
 Youn; ' Cross Roads, N. C, July 27, '62: Rowells' Mills, 
 N. C, Nlv --^her 2, '62; Deep Creek, N. C, December 12, 
 '62; South W',-'- Creek. N. C. December 13, '62; before 
 Kinston, N. C, December 13, '62; Kinston, N. C, Deceiii- 
 ber 14, '62; Whitehall, N. C, December 16. '62; Goldsboro, 
 N. C, December 17, '62; Comfort Bridge, N. C, July 6, 
 
oriOMXC OF THK Civil, A\ A U. 315 
 
 '63; near W'inton, X. C. July 26, '63; Deep Creek, \"a., " . ! - 
 rruary 7, '64; Deep Creek, Va., March i, '64; Cherry Grove, 
 Va., April 14, '64; Port Walthall, \a., May 6 and 7, 04; 
 Procters, \'a., May 8. '64; Swift Creek, \'a., May 9 and 10, 
 '64; Drury's Bluff. \'a.. May 12 to 16, '64; Cold Harbor, 
 \'a., June 3 to 12, '64; Free Bridge, V'a., June 16, '64; be- 
 fore Petersburg, Va., June 20 to August 24, '64; Gardner's 
 Biidge, N. C, December 9, '64; Foster's Bridge, N. C, 
 December 10, '64; Butler's Bridge, N. C, December 11, 
 "'64; South West Creek, N. C, March 7, '65; Wise's Fork, 
 N. C, March 8, 9 and 10, '65; Goldsboro, N. C, Alarch 21, 
 
 Colonel James Stewart, Jr., of the Ninth, in a letter to 
 Governor Joel Parker from Carolina City, N. C, October 
 15, 1864, says of Enoch W. Hand, who, with others, were 
 bearers of State . colors, that they "were severely wounded 
 'by bearing them at the battles of Newberne and Goldsbor- 
 ough, N. C, and Drurv's Blufif, Cold Harbor and Peters- 
 l)urg, Va." 
 
 In the Tenth Regiment, which was raised under author- 
 -ity from the War Department, and without the consent of 
 the Governor of New Jersey, and was recruited at Beverly, 
 were Richard H. Townsend, in Company B, and Silas Hoff- 
 man, in Company I. Townsend enlisted on September 28, 
 1861, and two days later was mustered in as first sergeant of 
 'the company. He enlisted for three years, but was commis- 
 ■-sioned April 9, '63, and was mustered in as second lieutenant 
 'of Company C. Twelfth Regiment, on June 30, '63. Hoffman 
 ■enlisted and was mustered in as a private in Company I 
 •on November 8, 1861, for three years. He re-enlisted on 
 January 3, 1865, and served until July i, 1865, when he was 
 mustered out of service. The earlier services of the regi- 
 ment were around Washington. After ^lay 15, 1863, the 
 ■regiment took part in the principal engagements in which 
 the Sixth and Seventh Regiments participated. 
 
CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 FIRST NEW JERSEY CAVALRY. 
 
 In the First New Jersey Cavalry the following from Cape 
 May county enlisted: Henry W. Sawyer, William B. El- 
 dredge, Caleb L. Warner, John H. Warner and Harry L, 
 Gilmore, in Company D, and Jacob E. Johnson, in Com- 
 pany B. 
 
 Henry W. Sawyer was commissioned second lieutenant 
 of Company D, and mustered into service on April 14, 1861^ 
 for three years, and on April 7, 1862, was promoted to first 
 lieutenant; was promoted to captain of Company K on Oc- 
 tober 8, 1862, and commissioned major of the regiment 
 October 12, 1863, but was not mustered into this office until 
 August 31, 1864. He was mustered out of service on July 
 24, 1865. 
 
 Henry W^ashington Sawyer was born in Lehigh county^ 
 Pa., May 16, 1829. In youth he received a plain education, 
 arul, as he was advanced in years, he learned the carpenter's 
 trade. In 1848 he removed to Cape Island, where he 
 worked at his trade until the Rebellion broke out. Oa 
 April 15. 1 86 1, when President Lincoln issued his proclama- 
 tion calling for volunteers, he was among the first to ofifer 
 his services. As there was no res'imental organization or 
 comoany ready, or likely to be ready for two weeks in this- 
 State at tliat time. Mr. Sawyer went to Trenton, saw Gover- 
 nor Olden, and offered his services to the LTnion cause. At 
 that time the rebels had possession of Baltimore, and inter- 
 cepted all mail and telegraphic connnunications with Wash- 
 ington city. Governor Olden accepted his services and sent 
 him to the latter city, with dispatches to Simon Cameron, 
 then Secretary of War, which Sawyer faithfully delivered. 
 On the 19th of April (midnight) he was chosen one of the 
 guards to protect the Capitol, there being but one company 
 of regular cavalry in Washington. On the 20th five com- 
 
FIUST NEW .iEKSlvY CAVALRY. 317 
 
 panics of Pennsylvania three-months' men arrived, to one 
 of which Mr. Sawyer was attached as private. Ere thirty 
 days had passed he was appointed a second sergeant, and in 
 sixty days from the time of his enhstment he was promoted 
 second Ueutenant. The time of the three-months' men hav- 
 ing expired in August, i86i, he returned home. 
 
 He had not been home long when he again offered his 
 services to Governor Olden for a position in a New Jersey 
 regiment, and his record having been found so meritorious, 
 he was, on the 19th of February, 1862, commissioned as 
 second lieutenant in Company D, First New Jersey Cavalry, 
 in which position he served with such marked credit that, 
 on April 7, 1862, he was promoted first lieutenant, and so 
 meritorious had been his conduct from the time he first en- 
 tered the regiment that he was promoted captain' of Com- 
 pany K on the 8th of October, 1862, ,5 .p.'S;*) 
 
 Captain Sawyer made a most gallant fight with his com- 
 pany on the 9th of June, 1863, at the battle of Brady's Sta- 
 tion — one of the great cavalry battles of the Rebellion. Un- 
 fortunately, he received two w^ounds in this battle, was taken 
 prisoner and held for nine months in Libby Prison. 
 
 In order to do justice to him, we copy at length from the 
 "Appended Notes" in Foster's "History of New Jersey and 
 the Rebellion" that portion in reference to Captain Sawyer. 
 It reads: 
 
 "In the battle of Brandy Station, June 9, 1863, Captain 
 Sawyer was taken prisoner, and, after remaining a short 
 time at Culpepper, was carried to Richmond and placed in 
 Libby Prison. ■ Here he remained until the 6th of July, 
 when all the captains among the prisoners were summoned 
 by General Winder from their quarters into a lower room 
 of the prison. No exchanges having taken place, the men 
 generally supposed that they were to be paroled and sent 
 liome; but no such good fortune awaited them. Instead of 
 receiving an order for their release, they were informed that 
 an order had been issued by the rebel War Department di- 
 recting that two captains should be selected by lot from 
 among the prisoners to be shot in retaliation for the exe- 
 cution by General Burnside of two rebel officers, who had 
 Ibeen detected in recruiting within the Union lines. The 
 
318 BilSTOKY OF CAPE A[AY COINTY. 
 
 consternation occasioned by this announcement may ber 
 imag-ined. They had hoped for release, and here was an. 
 order which in a moment clouded the whole prospect. Es- 
 cape, of course, was impossible. The drawing was inevita- 
 ble. After being formed in a hollow square, a slip of pa- 
 per, with the name of each man written upon it, and care- 
 fully folded up, was deposited in a box, whereupon Captain 
 Turner informed the men that they might select whom they 
 pleased to draw the names, the first two names drawn to in- 
 dicate the men to be shot. 
 
 "Captain Sawyer, who alone seemed to retain his self- 
 possession, suggested that one of the chaplains should be 
 appointed. Three of the chaplains were called down from- 
 an upper room, and the Rev. Mr. Brown, of the Sixth Mary- 
 land, accepting the task, amid a silence almost deathlike the 
 drawing commenced. The first name taken out of the box 
 \\'as that of 'Captain Henry Washington Sawyer, of the Sec- 
 ond New Jersey Cavalry,' and the second that of 'Captain 
 Flynn, of the Fifty-first Indiana.' 'When the names were 
 read out,' savs the Richmond Dispatch, 'Sawyer heard it 
 with no apparent emotion, remarking that some one had to 
 be drawn, and he could stand it as well as any one else, 
 Flynn was very white and depressed.' The drawing, over,, 
 the prisoners were returned to their quarters, the condemned 
 meanwhile poceeding under guard to the headquarters of 
 General Winder, Provost Marshal-General. Here they were 
 warned not to delude themselves with any hope of escape, 
 as retaliation must be and would be inflicted, it being added 
 that the execution would positively take place on the 14th, 
 eight days hence. Sawyer, however, desperate as the situa- 
 tion seemed, did not despair, but. reflecting that if by any 
 means his situation could be brought to the knowledge of 
 the government, he might still be rescued, he asked permis- 
 sion to write to his wife, which, being granted on condition 
 that the authorities should read the letter, he immediately 
 wrote the following, which none other than a brave and 
 true-souled man. thus standing in the shadow of death,, 
 could pen: 
 
FiKsr ^l:^^■ .ikkskv cAVAi.itY. 
 
 319 
 
 " 'i^-ovost-General's Office, 
 
 " 'Kiclimor.cl, Va., July Ctli, 1863. 
 
 " 'My Dear Wife: — I am r.ndcr the nccessit} of informing 
 yon that my jirospects look (lari<. 
 
 " 'This mornini;^ all the captains now jjiisoncrs at the 
 Libbv Militar\- Prison drew lots for two to be executed. It 
 fell to my lot. Myself and Captain I'dynn. of the h'ifly-first 
 Indiana Infantry, will be executed for two captains executed 
 by Burnside. 
 
 " 'The Provost-Cjen-.ral, J. II. Winder, assures me that 
 the Secretary of War of tb.e Southern Confederacy will per- 
 
 mit yourself and my dear children to visit me before I am 
 executed. You will be permitted to bring an attendant. 
 Captain Whilldin, or Uncle W. W. W^are, or Dan, had bet- 
 ter come Avith you. ]\Iy situation is hard to be borne, and I 
 cannot think of dying without seeing you and the children. 
 You will be allowed to return without molestation to your 
 home. I am resigned to whatever is in store for me, with 
 the consolation that I d:e without having committed any 
 crime. I have no trial, no jury, nor am I charged with any 
 crime, but it fell to my lot. You will proceed to Washing- 
 ton. My government will give you transportation for 
 Fortress Monroe, and you will get here by a flag of truce, 
 
330 HISTORY OF CATE MAY COUN'i'Y. 
 
 and return the same way. Bring with you a shirt for me. 
 
 " 'It will be necessary for you to preserve this letter to 
 bring evidence at Washington of my condition. My pay is 
 due me from the ist of March, wdiich you are entitled to. 
 
 Captain B owes me tifty dollars, money lent to him 
 
 when he went on a furlough. You will write to him at 
 once, and he will send it to you. 
 
 " 'My dear wife, the fortune of war has put me in this po- 
 sition. If I must die, a sacrifice to my country, with God's 
 will I must submit; only let me see you once more, and I 
 will die becoming a man and an officer; but, for God's sake, 
 do not disappoint me. Write to me as soon as you get this, 
 and go to Captain Whilldin; he will advise you what to do. 
 
 '■ 'I have done nothing to deserve this penalty. But you 
 must submit to your fate. It will be no disgrace to myself, 
 you or the children; but you may point with pride and say: 
 "I give my husband;" my children will have the consolation 
 to say: "I was made an orphan for my country." 
 
 "'God will provide for you; never fear. Oh! it is hard 
 to leave you thus. I wish the ball that passed through my 
 head in the last battle would have done its work; but it was 
 not to be so. My mind is somewhat influenced, for it has 
 come so suddenly on me. Write to me as soon as you get 
 this; leave your letter open, and I will get it. Direct my 
 name and rank, by way of Fortress Monroe. 
 
 " 'Farewell! farewell!! and I hope it is ah for the best. I 
 remain yours until death, " 'H. W. Sawyer, 
 
 " 'Captain First New Jersey Cavalry.' 
 
 "After perning this letter, with a conflict of feeling which 
 we may well imagine, Sawyer and his companion were 
 placed in close confinement in a dungeon under ground. 
 Here they were fed on corn bread and water, the dungeon 
 being .so damp that their clothing mildewed. The 14th 
 came at last, but still they remained unmolested. Sawyer 
 had estimated aright; his letter had saved him from the 
 rebel clutch. Immediately upon receiving it, his true- 
 hearted wife hastened to lay the matter before influential 
 friends, and these at once proceeded to Washington, pre- 
 sented the case to the President and Secretary of War, who, 
 without delay, directed that General Lee, son of General 
 
FIRST .\KW JEKSKV CAVALltV. 321 
 
 Robert E. Lee, and General Winder, son of the rebel Pro- 
 vost Marshal-General, then prisoners in our hands, should 
 be placed in close confinement as hostages, General Butler 
 being at the same time ordered to notify the Confederate 
 Government that immediately upon receiving information, 
 authentic or otherwise, of the execution of Sawyer and 
 Flynn, he should proceed to execute Winder and Lee. This 
 action, prompt and unmistakable, and more significant, per- 
 haps, to the enemy, because of General Butler's known 
 .resolution of purpose, produced the desired effect. Saw- 
 y-er and Flynn were not executed. 
 
 "After remaining twenty-one days in the dungeon to 
 which they were assigned, they were relieved and placed on 
 the same footing with other prisoners. Still, however, the 
 Richmond papers vehemently insisted that the execution 
 must and would take place, and the fate of the condemned 
 remained some time longer a matter of speculation and 
 •doubt. But the days lengthened into weeks, the winter 
 passed, and at length, in March, 1864, the prison doors were 
 •opened. Sawyer being exchanged for General Lee. The 
 satisfaction with which the brave captain once more walked 
 forth a free man, and found shelter under the old flag, was 
 such as only a man coming from death into life, from dismal 
 bondage into joyous and perfect liberty, can ever experi- 
 ence, and none other, certainly, can appreciate. It should 
 be added that Captain Sawyer, after this sad exf^ience, as 
 before it, fought gallantly and effectively for the good cause, 
 coming out of the war a major and w-ith scars 'more honor- 
 able than the highest rank.' " 
 
 Captain Flynn, who never got over his long confinement 
 in Libby Prison, seven weeks of which were spent in a dun- 
 geon, died six months after his release. 
 
 The Philadelphia Inquirer of Wednesday, March 23, 1864, 
 said of Captain Sawyer's confinement in Libby: 
 
 "Captain Sawyer, of the First New Jersey Cavalry, who 
 has been a prisoner in the Libby Prison for nine months, 
 arrived in this city on Monday. Captain Sawyer was taken 
 prisoner in the cavalry combat at Brandy Station in June last. 
 This was the closest cavalry fight of the war. Towards the 
 conclusion Captain Sawyer received two wounds from pistol 
 
323 HISTORY OF ("APK MAY COUNTY. 
 
 bullets, one of which passed through his thigh and the other 
 striking his right cheek, passed out of the back of the neck 
 on the left side of the spine. Notwithstanding his wounds^ 
 he still kept the saddle until his horse was shot, when the lat- 
 ter sprang up into the air and fell dead, throwing his rider 
 with such force as to render him insensible. When he re- 
 covered consciousness Captain Sawyer saw Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Broderick lying near, and crawled up to him, but 
 on examination found that he was dead. A short distance 
 further on he saw Major Shellmire, while all around him 
 were men of his own or other companies, either killed or 
 wounded. 
 
 "While bv the side of Colonel Broderick, Captain Sawyer 
 was seen bv two rebel soldiers, who took him prisoner, and, 
 after washing the blood from his face with water from a 
 neighboring ditch, conveyed him to the rear. His wounds 
 were pronounced very dangerous, if not mortal, but in a few 
 weeks he improved so much he was sent to Richmond and 
 confined in Libby Prison. In that dismal prison he re- 
 mained until about a week ago. Early in June all the cap- 
 tains who were prisoners were assembled in a room by a 
 Captain Turner, their jailor. These officers, of course, did 
 not know of the object of these unusual proceedings, but 
 supposed it was in order that they might be pardoned. The 
 reader can judge of the painful surprise they experienced 
 when Captain Turner said: 'Gentlemen, it is my painful duty 
 to communicate to you an order I have received from Gen- 
 era W^inder (provost marshal of Richmond), which I will 
 read.' The order was then read, ordering Captain Turner 
 to select, by lot, two Federal captains for immediate execu- 
 tion, in retaliation for the execution of two Confederate offi- 
 cers in Kentucky by General Burnside. 
 
 "The order having been read, it only remained to decide 
 who the lot should fall upon, and Captain Turner asked the 
 Union officers to select a man to draw the ballots as the 
 names were called. After a brief silence Captain Sawyer 
 suggested a chaplain of the United States Army, who was 
 present. This was acceded to, and the drawing commenced. 
 Nearlv half the roll had been called and neither of the fatal 
 
FIRST M:W .IKHSKV CAVAI.KY. 323 
 
 ballots had been drawn: but when the name of Captain 
 Henr\- W. Saw\er was called the ballot drawn responded 
 'execution.' 
 
 "The two victims were separated from thc'r comrades and 
 ordered to prei)are for death. The Richmond papers, in 
 their published accounts of this scene, all ai^Teed in saying 
 that Captain Sawyer met the trial with unfaltering courage. 
 There was no bravado, no affectation of recklessness, but 
 there was no faltering; only the steady, calm courage of a 
 brave man; to use the captain's own words (if we may do 
 so w'tliout impropriety), he was determined that New Jer- 
 sey should have no cause to be ashamed of his conduct. 
 
 "The prisoners thus sentenced to death were removed to 
 a dungeon, a vault in the cellar of the Libby Prison, where 
 they remained until al)out the middle of August. The vault 
 was only about six feet wide, and had no place for light or 
 air, except a hole about six inches square cut in the door. 
 In front of this door a sentry was constantly stationed whose 
 duty it was to challenge the inmates once in each half hour 
 and receive a reply. This, of course, rendered it impossible 
 for both the inmates to sleep at one time. That, however, 
 would have been impossible without this, for it was neces- 
 sary for one to remain awake to keep away the rats, which 
 swarmed in the cell, off his comrade. About the loth of 
 August the prisoners were removed from this vault to the 
 upper rooms among the other prisoners, where iioo men 
 were confined in six rooms, averaging about 37 by 100 feet 
 each. 
 
 "We should have stated above that shortly after being sen- 
 tenced, Captain Sawyer asked for a respite sui^cient to per- 
 mit his \vife to visit him. This procured a respite for fifteen 
 days. During this time the Richmond papers clamored for 
 the execution of the two Union officers, with a spirit worthy 
 the bloodiest barbarians. But during the fifteen days the 
 Government had received information, and General Lee, a 
 son of General Robert E. Lee, and Captain Winder, a son of 
 the Richmond jailor, were ordered into close confinement as 
 hostages for Sawyer and Fynn. This was effectual, and it is 
 hardly probable that the Rebel Government, after that event, 
 
324 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 ever really intended to carry their sentence into effect. At all 
 events, last week Captains Sawyer and Flynn were ex- 
 changed for Lee and Winder, and both are now safe. 
 
 "Captain Sawyer, from long and close confinement (being 
 entirely without meat for the last forty days of his imprison- 
 ment), is, of course, somewhat weak; but he is in good spirits 
 and hopes to rejoin his regiment at an early date." 
 
 After the close of the war he was breveted lieutenant-col- 
 onel by United States Commission, and remained in that po- 
 sition until September, 1865, when the regiment was dis- 
 charged. At the close of the Rebellion, the rank of the reg- 
 ular army being recruited up, he was offered by Edwin M. 
 Stanton, Secretary of War, having been recommended by 
 a division officer, a lieutenantcy in the regular army, which 
 position he declined. During the time that he was in the 
 field he received four wounds, two of which were of a serious 
 character. One ball he carried in his body until he died. For 
 being one of the guards at the Capitol on April 19, 1861, he 
 was granted a medal by the Pennsylvania Legislature in rec- 
 ognition of his services. 
 
 In 1867 Colonel Sawyer became proprietor of the Ocean 
 Mouse, Cape May City, and held it until April. 1873, when 
 he removed to Wilmington, Del., and became proprietor of 
 the Clayton House, which he conducted for about three 
 years. He again returned to Cape May and built the 
 "Chalfonte," which he managed and owned for several years, 
 when he sold it. 
 
 Colonel Sawyer was for a number of years a valued mem- 
 ber of the City Council, and served in that capacity during 
 the years 1876, '"JJ, '78, '80, '81, '82, '85, '86 and '87, and was 
 at one time superintendent of the United States Life Saving 
 Service for the coast of New Jersey and a member of the 
 New Jersey State Sinking Fund Commisison from 1888 to 
 1891. He died suddenly of heart failure at Cape May City 
 on October 16, 1893. 
 
 The records of the other Cape J\lay men in the First Cav- 
 alry Regiment are: 
 
 William B. Eldredge, private Co. D.; enlisted August 13, 
 
FIKST NEW JEKSKY CAVALRY. 325 
 
 '6i; nnistered in August 20. '61 ; transferred to Company K 
 June 2/63; mustered out of service September 16, '64. 
 
 Caleb L. Warner, private Company D; enrolled August 
 13. '61; mustered into service August 24, '61; re-enlisted 
 January i, '64; mustered out of service July 24, '65. 
 
 John H. Warner, corporal Company D; commissioned 
 August 13, '61; mustered into service August 20, '61; re- 
 enlisted as a sergeant January i, '64; first sergeant Decem- 
 ber 12, '64; commissioned second lieutenant July 18, '65, 
 but not mustered into of^ce: mustered out of service July 
 24. '65. 
 
 Harry L. Gilmore. sergeant Company D; commissioned 
 August 13. '61; mustered into service August 20, '61; trans- 
 ferred to United States Army as hospital steward June i, 
 '62; discharged threfrom July 24, '65. 
 
 Jacob E. Johnson, private Company B; enrolled and mus- 
 tered into service September 5. '64 for one year; dis- 
 charged at camp near Cloud's Mills. Va.. May 31, '65. 
 
 Johnson also served in Company K, Twenty-third In- 
 fantry Regiment, previously. He enrolled on August 28, 
 1862. and was mustered into service as a corporal for nine 
 months on September 13, 1862. He became a private Oc- 
 tober 25, 1862, and was mustered out of service with his 
 company on June 27, 1863. 
 
 The First New Jersey Cavalry was organized by authority 
 of the War Department, and was not under the control of 
 the State, and was first known as Halstead's Cavalry. It 
 proceeded to AVashington on September i. 1861, where it 
 encamped until Fel^ruary, 1862. On February 19 an order 
 was issued placing it under the State authority, and it was 
 then thoroughlv organized. The regiment was first at- 
 tached to the Cavalry Division. Army of the Potomac, then 
 to the military district of AVashington: then to the Depart- 
 ment of the Rappahannock: then to the Army of A^irginia; 
 then to the defenses of AA'ashington : then to the Army of the 
 Potomac, and again to the Department of AVashington. 
 This regiment was probably in as many encounters during 
 the war as any other regiment, the following being the list: 
 Pohick Church, A^a., December 29. '61, and January 15. '62; 
 Seddons' Farm, A^a.. :\Iay i, '62; Gray's Farm. Va.. May 9; 
 
326 HISTORY OF CArE MlVY COI-NTV. 
 
 Rappahannock Station, May; Strasburg, Jime i; Wood- 
 stock, June 2; Harrisonburg, June 6; Cross Keys, June 8; 
 Madison C. H., July 27: Barnett's Ford (Rapidan), July 29. 
 August 4 and August 7: Cedar Mountain, August 9; Rappa- 
 hannock Station, August 18; Brandy Station, August 20; 
 Rappahannock Station, August 20 and 21; Warrenton, Au- 
 gust 23; Waterloo Ford, August 24; Snicker's Gap, August 
 28; Bull Run, August 29 and 30; Chantilly, September i; 
 Warrenton, September 24; Aldie, October 31; Port Cono- 
 way, November 19; Fredericksburg, December 11 to 13; 
 Rappahnnock Station, April 7, '63; Stoneman's road, April 
 30; Rappahannock Station and Kelly's Ford, May 19; 
 Brandy Station, June 9; Aldie, June 17; ]\liddleburg, June 
 19; Upperville, June 21; near Aldie, June 22; Westminster, 
 Md., June 30; Gettysburg, Pa., July 2 and 3: Emmettsburg, 
 Md., July 4 and 6; Tettersburg, Pa., July 7; Cavetown, Md., 
 July 8; Harper's Ferry, \"a., July 14; Sheppardstown, Md., 
 July 16; Barryville, Va., July 31; Salem, Va., August 15; 
 White Plains, August 16; Sulphur Springs and Brandy Sta- 
 tion, October 12; Bristow Station, October 14; near War- 
 renton, November 12 and 18; Mountain Run, November 
 27; Mine Run, November 27; Parker's Store, November 
 29; Custer's raid, February 18, '64; Ravenna River, Febru- 
 ary 21; Ely's Ford (Rapidan), May 3; Todd's Tavern, May 
 5 and 7; Sheridan's raid. May 9; Beaver Dam Station, May 
 10; Yellow Tavern and Ashland Station, May 11; fortifica- 
 tions of Richmond, May 12; Church of the Messiah, May 
 12; North Anna River. May 24; Havves' shop. May 28; Em- 
 mons Church, May 29; Cold Harbor, June i; Gaines' Mills, 
 June 2; Chickahominy River, June 2; Bottom's Bridge, 
 June 4 and 5; Pamunky River, June 8; Trevillian Station, 
 June 12 and 14; White House, June 20 and 21; St. Mary's 
 Church, June 24; near Petersburg, June 29 and July 12; 
 raid through the Shenandoah, July; Deep Bottom, July 28; 
 Malvern Hill, July 28 to 30; Deep Bottom, August 14; 
 Charles City Cross Roads, August 16 and 17; Reams Sta- 
 tion, Atigust 26; Malvern Hill, September 5; Charles City, 
 September 11; Jerusalem plank road, September 17; Reams 
 Station, September 29 and 30; \'aughn's road, October i; 
 
FIRST XKW .lEUSKY C.WAI.UY. P.27 
 
 TBoydton plank road, October 6; Stony Creek. November 27; 
 Beilefiekl Station. December 9 and 10; Din\vi(klie C. H., 
 February 6. '65; Hatcher's Run. Inbruary 6 and 7; before 
 Petersburf^. March 20; Dinwidthe C. H., March 30; Five 
 Forks and Chamberlain's Creek. March 31; Amelia Springs 
 .and Jettersville. April 5; Sailors' Creek, April 6; I'^armville, 
 April 6 and 7; Appomattox C. H. (Lee's surrender). April 9. 
 
CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 THE ENLISTMENTS OF 1S<>2. 
 
 Not until tlie second year of the war did any more men. 
 go to the front from Cape May county, but in the mean- 
 while the Board of Freeholders prepared for the relief of the 
 families of those who went to help save the Union. On 
 August 28, 1861, a committee consisting of one person from 
 each township and Cape Island, were appointed to look af- 
 ter the wants of the soldiers' families: Thomas Williams, 
 Upper township; William S. Townsend, Dennis; Smhh 
 Townsend, Middle; Samuel F. Ware, Lower, and Waters 
 B. Miller, Cape Island. These committeemen each had his 
 own territory to look after, and was authorized to give each 
 soldier's family six dollars per month as long as the head of 
 the family was in service. This committee served until 
 May, 1862, when a new one was appointed, consisting of 
 Thomas Williams, of Upper; Richard S. Leaming, of Den- 
 nis; Aaron Miller, of Middle; Samuel F. Ware, of Lower, 
 and Dr. Samuel S. Marcy. of Cape Island. 
 
 Samuel Fithian W'are, of Lower township, who served 
 with great credit on the Relief Committee during the war, 
 was born on October 16, 1800, and was a brother of Wilmon 
 W., Maskel, John G. W., and Joseph. He served in the 
 Board of Freeholders many years. He was a carpenter and 
 an undertaker, and buried during his time about fifteen 
 hundred persons. He died in 1876. 
 
 In the meanwhile the Seaville Rangers, which were 
 known as Company B, of the Atlantic Brigade, did duty and 
 drilled at home under the care of Captain Joseph E. Corson. 
 They were given by the State for use on October 26, 1861, 
 thirty sets of arms and equipment and 1000 rounds of elon- 
 gated ball cartridges. 
 
 On the 2T,d of December the Board of Freeholders pro- 
 vided for the transporting of volunteers to the State rendez- 
 
THE ENLISTMENTS OF ]8(J2. 32'J 
 
 vous and appointed as a committee to take cluii'i^e of the 
 work Clinton H. Liullam, of Dennisvillc, and Samuel R. 
 Magcnagle, of Cape Island. 
 
 The Twelfth Reg-iment was one of the quota of five regi- 
 ments charged u])on New Jersey under the call for 300,000 
 volunteers for three years made by President Lincoln on 
 July 7, 1862. It was rendezvoused at Woodbury, and left 
 the State on September 7 for service. In it were J. Floward 
 Willetts, formerly of Cape May, v/ho had served in the Sev- 
 enth Regiment, as before noted; Richard S. Thompson and 
 Albert Walker, of Cape May Court House. J. Howard 
 Willetts was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the regi- 
 ment on August II, 1862, and served as such until he was 
 promoted to the colonelcy of the regiment, February 2-j, 
 1863. He was discharged on December 19, 1864, on ac- 
 count of wounds received in the battle of Chancellorsville, 
 Va. 
 
 Richard S. Thompson was commissioned captain of Com- 
 pany V on August 14, 1862, and mustered into service on 
 September 4. He was promoted major of the regiment on 
 February 25, 1864. and commissioned as lieutenant-colonel 
 on July 2, T864, and sixteen days later mustered into thnt 
 position. On account of wounds received in the action at 
 Ream's Station, \'a., where he commanded the regiment, he 
 was discharged from the service February 17, 1865. 
 
 Lieutenant-Cclonel Richard S. Thompson was born De- 
 cember 27, 1837, '^t Cape May Court House. His father 
 was Richard Thompson, a prominent citizen of this county. 
 His mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of Major Nathan- 
 iel Holmes, also of this county. After nine years' study in 
 seminaries and under private tutors, he entered Flarvard 
 College in 1859, graduated in 1861. He was admitted to 
 the Philadelphia bar early in 1862. Fie was a member of 
 Captain P)iddle's Artillery Company, of Philadelphia. 
 
 In July, of 1862, he raised a company in Cumberland 
 county, N. J., and enlisted as captain of Company K, Twelfth 
 N. J. Vols. He was mustered with his regiment September 
 4, 1862. His regiment was shortly after stationed at Elli- 
 cott's Mills, Md., where he was appointed assistant provost- 
 marshal under General Wool. In December, 1862, with his 
 
330 HISTORY OF CAPE MxVY COUNTY. 
 
 regiment, he joined the Army of the Potomac, and was 
 placed in the Second Army Corps. 
 
 February i6, 1864, he was appointed judge advocate of 
 a division court-martial. He remained with his regiment 
 (excepting a few months in 1864, while he was on detached 
 service) until August 25, 1864, when he was severely 
 wouned in the battle of Ream's Station, Ya. He com- 
 manded hif. regiment as captain, major and lieutenant- 
 colonel. 
 
 Among t;ie general engagements in which he took part 
 were Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Auburn Mills, Bristow 
 Station, Robinson's Tavern, Mine Run, Deep Bottom and 
 Ream's Station. 
 
 In December, 1864, while still on crutches, he was ap- 
 pointed president of a general court-martial for trial of of- 
 ficers in Philadelphia. Februar}- 17, 1865, he was honor- 
 ably discharged on account of wounds received in battle. 
 June 7, 1865, he married Miss Catherine Scovel, daughter 
 of the Rev. Alden Scovel, of Bloomington, 111. 
 
 In November, 1865, he changed his residence from Cape 
 SDipnad 311} uodu p^aajua aq aaaijAV 'oSHOiq^ o; A^unoo .\bj\[ 
 of his profession, in which he is still engaged. 
 
 In November, 1872, Colonel Thompson was elected Sen- 
 ator of the Illinois General Assembly. 
 
 Albert Walker was enrolled for service on August 9, 
 '62, and mustered into service (in Company K) on Septem- 
 "ber 4. He was promoted to corporal on June 4, '64, and 
 served until mustered out, on June 15, '65. 
 
 On April 9, 1863, Richard Townsend, of Cape May, who 
 was then a sergeant in Company B, Tenth Regiment, was 
 commissioned second lieutenant of Company C, this regi- 
 ment, and mustered into service on June 30, and on July 3, 
 in t'^e battle of Gettysburg, was killed. His remains were 
 buried at the National Cemetery, Gettysburg, in Section A, 
 Grav;^ T. Samuel Tombs, in his work on Gettysburg, says: 
 "In the height of the fight Lieutenant Richard H. Town- 
 send, of Cape Mp^^ county, fell, shot through the heart. Pro- 
 moted from the Tenth Regiment, New Jersey Volunteers, 
 he had been able to join his new command only three days 
 before, and thus died in his first battle." 
 
THE ENLISTME-NTS OF ISC.L'. 331 
 
 On the 28th of August the Board of Freeholders passed 
 a resokition "That, for the purpose of filHng the requisition 
 made on the county of Cape May," under tlie caU for the 
 ,300,000 vokuiteers. they would give to each volunteer who 
 
 enlisted in the United States service the sum of fifty dollars. 
 'The county collector, at the same time, was authorized to 
 '.borrow on the credit of the county the sum of ten thousand 
 -dollars to pay this bounty, and Richard S. Learning, of 
 
 Dennisville. was authorized to go to Beverly, where the 
 'Twenty-fifth Regiment was being rendezvoused, to give the 
 ■volunteers their orders. 
 
 The Twenty-fifth Regiment Infantry was organized un- 
 der the provisions of an act of Congress, approved July 22, 
 
 1861. A draft for 10,478 men to serve for nine months, 
 tmless sooner discharged, had been made upon the Governor 
 -of this State by the President of the United States, August 
 .4, 1862, and soon after full instructions for conducting it 
 •were received from the War Department. The draft so 
 
 ordered, was not to interfere with orders governing recruit- 
 ing, and all enlistments up to September i, 1862, would be 
 -placed to the credit of the State. A general desire mani- 
 fested and expressed by the State authorities, as well as by 
 -prominent citizens throughout the State, to avoid the draft. 
 -gave an enthusiasm to recruiting, which caused the entire 
 •quota to be raised b} voluntary enlistment, and in camp, by 
 -the 3d day of September. 1862, the time appointed for com- 
 mencing the draft. The organization of the regiment was 
 immediately commenced, and soon after fully completed, 
 officered and equipped. It was then duly mustered into the 
 service of the United States for nine months. Companies 
 T, G and I, composed principally of men from Cape May 
 'County, were mustered in at Beverly, N. J., September 26, 
 1862, 'by William B. Royall, captain Fifth Cavalry, U. S. 
 Army. The headquarters of the regiment were established 
 -at Beverly, from which place it left the State October 10, 
 
 1862, en route to W^ashington, D. C. Upon arrival at 
 "Washington it was assigned to the Second Brigade, Casey's 
 Division, defenses of Washington, and went into camp at 
 
 TEast Capitol Hill, and immediately began to prenare for 
 ractive service. It remained in this vicinity until tlie 30th 
 
332 HISTORY OF CAFE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 dav of November, when, under orders, it marched to the 
 front and joined the Army of the Potomac, having been as- 
 signed to the Ninth Army Corps. On the i ith of February,. 
 1863, the regiment, in connection with the Ninth Ci«rps,. 
 was detached from the Army of the Potomac and proceeded' 
 to Newport News, Va. On the 13th of March it proceeded 
 to Suffolk, Va., to assist in repelHng a threatened invasion: 
 by the enemy at this point. The regiment continued its- 
 organization and remained in active service until the expir^x- 
 tion of its term of service, when it was ordered to return to- 
 New Jersey for discharge. It was mustered out at P.evcrly, 
 N. J., June 20, 1863. After leaving Casey's Division it 
 was attached to the First Brigade, Third Division, Ninth 
 Army Corps. It took part in the engagements at Freder- 
 icksburg, Va., December 13 and 14, '62, and at "Near Suf- 
 folk," Va., May 3, '63. 
 
 Company F was composed entirely (excepting Captain 
 Blenkow) of residents of Dennis and Lower townships and 
 Cape Island. All the members were enrolled for service on' 
 September i, '62, and mustered into service on September 
 26. When the company left with its regiment it was com- 
 posed of the following officers and men: 
 Captain. David Blenkow, shoe dealer. 
 First lieutenant. Nicholas W. Godfrey, carpenter. 
 Second lieutenant, Henry Y. Willetts, carpenter. 
 First sergeant, Reuben Foster. 
 
 Sergeants, John F. Gofif, Edwin Ludlam, J. Granville 
 Leach. 
 
 Corporals, Coleman F. Ludlam. William T. Stevens, 
 Abijah D. Reeves, Joseph Garrison, Virgil D. Schellenger.. 
 Musician (drummer), George S. Cresse. 
 Privates — Charles Abrams, Skidmore Abrams, William- 
 Armstrong, Jerome Bowker, Joseph Brewton, Elias Camp, 
 Daniel Chambers, John Chambers, John W. Corson, Fred- 
 erick W. Cradol. Thomas M. Creamer, Anthony Cresse, 
 Daniel F. Crowell, Samuel S. Cummings, Evan Edmunds, 
 Jonathan H. Edwards, George H. Eldredge, James S. El- 
 dredge, Clark Elliott, Samuel R. Stites, Ezekiel Voss, Jo- 
 seph Elliott, Owen Endicott, Seely Ernest, James Ewing,- 
 Livingstone Ewing, Thomas S. Foster, Elbridge G. Goff,. 
 
THE ENLISTMENTS OF 1S«;2. 333 
 
 Albert Grace. James S. Grace. Matthew W. Hall, Jeremiah 
 Hampton, Philip Hand. Samuel Hand, Seth L. Hand. 
 Thomas H. Hand. Charles Heisles, Joseph S. Higbee, John 
 T. Hofifman. Samuel Honn, Joseph B. Hughes, Joshua 
 Johnson, Alphonso A. Jones, James H. Kimsey, Henry 
 Langley. Alphonso D. Lee, Richard F. Lloyd, Walter S. 
 Peterson, Josiah Powell, William L. Pritchard, Charles P. 
 Riel, William C. Rutherford, Charles T. Shaw, Francis W. 
 Sheldon, William F. Smith, William Snyder, Israel S. Town- 
 send, John Trout, Samuel F. Ware. Jr., Maurice V. Warner, 
 Leaming Weatherby. George T. Weeks, John Wrecks, Jere- 
 miah Weldon, Eva E. Westcott, Joseph Whitaker, Josiah 
 Whitaker, Thomas B. Williams, Stacy M. Wilson, Jonathan 
 G. Fidler, Thomas Morton, Jesse S. Godfrey, Furman Bar- 
 nett, Theodore Church, Elwood Devaul, John W. Reeves, 
 John P. Sutton, David E. Swain. Albert S. Edmunds, 
 Thomas Beckwith, Albert F. Brewton, Hugh Edmunds 
 David E. Hand, Thomas P. Hand, John B. Robinson, Jere- 
 miah F. Tyler and Daniel H. White. The occupations and 
 professions of the company were as follows: Artists, 2; car- 
 penters, 8; clerks, 2; farmers, 40; laborers, 33; shoemaker. 
 i; seamen, 9; miller, i, and printers, 2. This company had 
 live men wounded and one (Albert S. Edmunds) killed in 
 the battle of Fredericksburg, and two men wounded at Suf- 
 folk. 
 
 Nicholas W. Godfrey resigned as first lieutenant on De- 
 cember 22, and three days later Henry Y. Wllletts was com- 
 missioned and mustered into that position. On the same 
 day Reuben Foster was commissioned second lieutenant, 
 and on January 3. 63, mustered into the office. John F. 
 Goff was made first sergeant January 3. Coleman F. Lud- 
 1am and William T. Stevens were made sergeants January 
 I. Samuel R. Stites was promoted to corporal December 
 29, '62, and to sergeant two days later. J. Granville Leach 
 was promoted to sergeant-major of the regiment on January 
 I, '63, and then commissioned second lieutenant of Company 
 I March 20, '63. John Chambers was made corporal No- 
 vember 15, while Ezekiel Voss. Anthony Cresse and John 
 W. Corson were promoted to corporals on January i. '63. 
 
 The records of the men who, owing to disability and other 
 
334 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 causes, did not stay with the company until the close of itB 
 service, were: 
 
 Jonathan G. Fidler — Discharged at Suffolk, Ya., April. 
 15, '63; disability. 
 
 Thomas Morton — Discharged at camp near Falmouth,. 
 Va., December 29, '62; disability. 
 
 Jesse S. Godfrey — Discharged at Fortress Monroe, Va.,. 
 April 9, '63; disability. 
 
 Furman Barnett — Discharged at Fifth Street U. S. Army 
 Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa., February 4, "63; disability. 
 
 Theodore Church — Discharged at Convalescent Camp,. 
 Alexandria, Va., February 4, '63; disability. 
 
 Elwood Devaul — Discharged at U. S. Army General Hos- 
 pital, Philadelphia, February 23. '63; disability. 
 
 John W. Reeves — Discharged at Philadelphia, Pa., F"eb- 
 ruary 14. '63; disability. 
 
 John P. Sutton — -Discharged U. S. Army General FIos- 
 pital, Philadelphia, February 4. '63; disability. 
 
 David E. Swain — Discharged U. S. Army General Hos- 
 pital, Philadelphia, January 28, '63; disability. 
 
 Albert S. Edmunds — Killed in action at Fredericksburg,. 
 Va.. December 13. '62. 
 
 Thomas Beckwith — Died of measles at Emory U. S, 
 Army Hospital, Washington, D. C, November 9, '62. 
 
 Albert S. Brewton — Died of typhoid fever at Regimentaf 
 Hospital, near Suffolk, Va., April 15, '63; buried at National 
 Cemetery, Hampton, Va., Row 22, Section C, Grave 19. 
 
 Hugh Edmunds — Died of disease at Regimental Hos- 
 pital, near Suffolk, Yz., March 26. '63; buried at National 
 Cemetery. Hampton. Va., Row 21, Section B, Grave 5. 
 
 David E. Hand — Died of typhoid fever at U. S. Army 
 General Hospital, Newark, N. J., January 27, '63. 
 
 Thomas P. Hand — Died of chronic diarrhoea at Hamp- 
 ton U. S. Army General Hospital, Fortress Monroe, Va,,. 
 May 3, '63. 
 
 John B. Robinson — Died of congestion of brain in camp 
 near Suffolk, Va., March 19, '63; buried at National Ceme- 
 tery, Hampton. Va., Row 19, Section B, Grave 26. 
 
 Jeremiah F. Tvler — Di-^d at W S. Armv General Hospital, 
 Newark, N. J., January 6, '63 ; wounds received in action at 
 
THE ENLISTMENTS OF 1.S('.2. 335 
 
 Fredericksburg, \ a.; buried at b'airmoiuit CcnutvTy, New- 
 ark, N.J. 
 
 Daniel H. White — Died at St. Elizabeth U. S. Army Gen- 
 eral Hospital, Washinton. D. C, Deeembcr 23, '62, of 
 wounds received in action at Tredericksburg, \'a.; buried at 
 Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C. 
 
 The loliowing- remained in the service of the company 
 unt.l it was mustered out, on June 20, 1863: Henry Y. 
 Willetts. Reuben Foster, John F. Goff, Coleman F. Ludlani, 
 William T. Stevens, Edwin Ludlam, Samuel R. Stites, Abi- 
 jah D. Reeves. Joseph Garrison, Virgil D. Schellenger, John 
 Chambers, Ezekiel Voss, Anthony Cresse. John W. Cor- 
 son, George S. Cresse, Charles Abrams, Skidmore Abrams, 
 William Armstrong, Jerome Bowker, Joseph Brewton, 
 Elias Camp, Daniel Chambers, Frederick Crandol, Thomas 
 M. Creamer, Daniel F. Crowell, Samuel S. Cummings, Evan 
 Edmunds, Jonathan H. Edwards, George H. Eldridgc,, 
 James S. Eldridge, Clark Elliott, Joseph Elliott, Owen Endi- 
 cott, Seely Ernest, James Ewing, Livingstone Ewing, 
 Thomas S. Foster, Elbridge G. Goff, Albert Grace, James S. 
 Grace, Matthew W. Hall, Jeremiah Hampton, Philip Hand, 
 Samuel Hand, Seth L. Hand, Thomas H. Hand, Charles 
 Heisler, Joseph S. Higbee, John T. Hoffman, Samuel Honn, 
 Jose}:)h B. Hughes, Joshua Johnson, Alphonso A. Jones, 
 James H. Kinsey, Henry Langley, Alphonso D. Lee, Rich- 
 ard F. Lloyd, Walter S. Peterson, Josiah Powell, William 
 L. Pritchard, Charles P. Riel, William C. Rutherford, 
 Charles T. Shaw, Francis W. Sheldon, William F. Smith, 
 William Snyder, Israel S. Townsend, John Trout, Samuel 
 F. W^are, Maurice V. W^arner, Leaming Weathcrby, George 
 T. Weeks, John Weeks, Jeremiah Weldon, Elva E. West- 
 cott, Joseph Whitaker, Josiah W'hitaker, Thomas B. Wil- 
 liams and Stacy M. Wilson. 
 
 Company G was made up mostly of upper Cape May 
 county men and of men who lived at Tuckahoe, on the At- 
 lantic county side, and men from Marshallville, in Cumber- 
 la -^d county, since made a part of Cape May county. They 
 enlisted on September 2, and were mustered into service on 
 the 26th of the month. When they left the State for service 
 thev held these ranks: 
 
336 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Captain, Charles R. Powell, blacksmith. 
 
 First lieutenant, Ewing W. Tibbies, painter. 
 
 Second lieutenant, Nicholas Corson, school teacher. 
 
 Sergeants — Maurice B. Stites, John S. Cole, Enoch S. 
 Willetts. 
 
 Corporals — John W. Shoemaker, Charles W. Corson, 
 Benjamin Weathcrby. 
 
 Musician (drummer), Lewis S. Williams. 
 
 Privates — Charles S. Corson, Matthew Hughes, George 
 Baner, Samuel Barnes, Jonathan Borden, John L, 
 Piuzby, Aaron B. Clark, Jonathan Cliver, John Col- 
 lins, Joseph Collins, Lucien B. Corson, Daniel Creamer, 
 Reuben Creamer, Robert M. Dare, John Dayton, Nicholas 
 Frambers, Howard M. French, George E. Gandy, Thomas 
 Garron, James H. Gifford, Abraham Hayes, Mahlon Hor- 
 ton, David T. Ingersoll, Richard Ingersoll, Levi E. Lippin- 
 cott, James Little, Charles Lloyd, John Lloyd, Leaming 
 Lloyd, John Magee, Furman Mannery, Frederick Marshall, 
 Hollis Mickel, Adam Moore, Samuel Morris, Thomas W. 
 Pettitt, George M. Searse, Reuben Searse, Ezekiel Steven- 
 son, Gabriel G. Surran, John Thornton, Richard S. Town- 
 send, Stephen Williams, Townsend S. Williams, Evan Arm- 
 strong, Thomas R. Gandy, William Gruff, Richard Jarman, 
 Adam Kerrick, Mark Cook, William W. Cook, Charles H. 
 Coombs, Frederick Creamer, Joseph W. Lee, Samuel T. 
 Surran, Theophilus Vannaman, Hezekiel \'each, George 
 Trader. 
 
 The occupations and professions of this company was ap- 
 portioned as follows: Bricklayers, 2; blacksmith, i ; carpen- 
 ters, 2; clerks, 3; cigarmaker, i; sheetiron worker, i; sea- 
 men, 14; carriage trimmer, i; mason, i; machinist, i; 
 moulder, 1; shoemaker, i; school teacher, i; farmers, 5; 
 millwright, i; miller, i; printer, i; harness makers, 2; paint- 
 ers, 2; laborers, 50; glasscutter, i; glassblower, t. 
 
 Captain Powell resigned on December 22. Enoch S. 
 Willetts was promoted to first sergeant on September 30. 
 Charles H. Corson was promoted to corporal on October 
 16, and Matthew Hughes to the same rank on January i, 
 1863. 
 
 :i£' 
 
THE ENLISTMENTS OF ISC.l'. 337 
 
 Those who (Hcl not remain with the regiment until it \vas 
 mustered out and the reasons therefor were : 
 
 John S. Cole — Discharged at U. S. Army General Hos- 
 pital, Philadelphia, Pa., January 24, '63; disability. 
 
 Evan Armstrong — Dischargied at Washington, D. C, 
 January 5, '63; disability. 
 
 Thomas R. Gandy — Discharged at Regimental Hospital, 
 near Fairfax Seminary, Va., November 28, '62; disability. 
 
 William Grufif — Discharged at Regimental Hospital, near 
 Fairfax Seminary. Va., November 28. "62; disability. 
 
 Richard Jarman — Discharged February 23, '63; wounds 
 received in action at Fredericksburg. \'a. 
 
 Adam Kerrick — Discharged at Newport New^s, Va., 
 Alarch 8, '63; disability. 
 
 Maurice B. Stites — Died of typhoid fever at Regimental 
 Hospital, camp near Falmouth, Va.. Febuary i, '63. 
 
 Mark Cook — Died of measles at Emory U. S. Army Gen- 
 eral Hospital, Washington, D. C, November 5, '62; buried 
 at Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C. 
 
 William W. Cook — Died of measles at Emory U. S. Army 
 General Hospital, Washinngton, D. C, November i, '62; 
 buried at IMilitary Asylum Cemetery, D. C. 
 . Charles H. Coombs — Died at Richmond, V^a., January 7, 
 ^6^, of wounds received in action at Fredericksburg, Va. ; 
 prisoner of war. 
 
 Frederick Creamer — Died of typhoid fever at Chestnut 
 Hill U. S. Army General Hospital, Philadelphia, March 
 2, '63. 
 
 John W. Lee — Died of measles at Emory U. S. Army 
 General Hospital, Washington, D. C, November 28, '62; 
 buried at jMilitary Asylum Cemetery, D. C. 
 
 Samuel T. Surran — Died of heart disease at Harewood 
 U. S. Army General Hospital, Washington, D. C, January 
 II, '63; buried at Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C; Tucka- 
 hoe, Atlantic side. 
 
 Theophilus Vanneman — Died of tvphoid fever at Regi- 
 mental Hospital, camp near Suffolk, Va., March 28, '63. 
 
 Hezekiah Veach — Died of typhoid fever at Regimental 
 Tlospital, camp near Falmouth, Va., January 25, '63; buried 
 
338 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 at National Cemetery, Fredericksburg, Va., Division D^ 
 Section C, Grave 277. 
 
 George Trader— Absent, sick in U. S. Army General 
 Hospital. Fairfax Seminary, \'a., December i, '62; final 
 record unknown. 
 
 Those who remained to the end with the company and 
 were mustered out, on June 20, 1863, were: 
 
 Ewing W. Tibbies, Nicholas Corson, Enoch S. Willetts^ 
 John VV. Shoemaker, Charles W. Corson, Benjamin Weath- 
 erby. Charles H. Corson. Matthew Hughes. Lewis S, 
 Williams, George Baner, Samuel Barnes, Jonathan Borden^ 
 John L. Buzby. Aaron B. Clark. Jonathan Cliver, John 
 Collins, Joseph Collins, John Magee, Furman Mannery^ 
 Frederick Marshall, Lucien B. Corson, Daniel Creamer, 
 Reuben Creamer. Robert M. Dare, John Dayton, Nicholas- 
 Frambes. Howard M. French, George E. Gandy. Thomas. 
 Garron, James H. Gifford, Abraham Hayes, Mahlon Hor- 
 ton. Davkl T. Ingersoll. Richard Ingersoll, Levi E. Lippin- 
 cott, James Little, Charles Lloyd. John Lloyd. Leaming 
 Lloyd, Hollis Mickel. Adam Moore, Samuel Morris^ 
 Thomas W. Pettitt, George M. Searse, Reuben Searse, Eze- 
 giel Stevenson. Gabriel G. Surrann, John Thornton, Richard 
 S. Townsend, Ste hen Williams, Townsend S. Williams. 
 
 All but twenty-five of the men in Company I were Cape 
 May men. and enlisted either from the county or Atlantic 
 county. These men all enlisted on August 30, 1862, and 
 v^ere mustered into service on September 26. When they 
 went to the front they ranked as follows: 
 First lieutenant, John F. Tomlin, farmer. 
 Second lieutenant, Samuel E. Douglass, farmer. 
 First sergeant, James Whitaker. 
 
 Seargeants — William Ogden, Enos R. Williams, John 
 Spalding, Edward L. Townsend. 
 
 Corporals — David Hildreth, Joseph H. Holmes, Charles 
 G. Mills, Willoby Snyder, Malachi High. 
 
 Privates — Elmer Edwards, Reuben Smith, Adam Abrams^ 
 Henry Bennett, Henry Brown, Daniel Chambers, James, 
 F. Chambers, James Chester, George W. Corson, James 
 Crandol, Page R. Crawford, Joseph E. Dickinson, William 
 Early, Joseph Elberson, Daniel Eldredge, Charles S. El- 
 
THIO ENLISTMENTS OF ISC'J. 330 
 
 well, George Errickson. John Errickson. William Farrow, 
 Joseph Foster, Jesse Grace, Elias Hand, Aaron Hewitt, Fre- 
 ling F Hewitt, John Hewitt, Gabriel H. Holmes, Francis 
 Katts, Aaron Leaming, John D. Leaming, Joseph McCarty, 
 William H. McKeag, Richard Nott, Jonathan Rash, Clayton 
 G. Sapp. Martin Selover, William Smith, Charles H. Ste- 
 phens. Charles \\ . Townsend. Embury fownsend. James 
 Weeks, Elmer Willetts, Jonathan Willetts, George L. Wil- 
 liams, Enos R. Williams, John Spalding, Alexander Corson, 
 Edmund Y. Godfrey. Thomas D. Sayers, Elmer Taylor, 
 Alonzo Willis, Edward L. Townsend, David Hildreth, 
 Henry Rudolph, John Russell, David Norton, Benjamin 
 Conover. 
 
 The occupations and professions of the members of the 
 companv were apportioned as follows: Blacksmith, i; butch- 
 ers, 2; carpenters, 7; farmers, 36; hucksters, i; cotton spin- 
 ner I ; mason, i ; painters, 2; moulders, 2; seamen, 37; shoe- 
 makers, 4; sheetiron workers. 2. 
 
 John F. Tomlin was promoted to captain on March 20, 
 '63, and at the same time Samuel E. Douglass was made 
 first lieutenant and J. Granville Leach promoted from the 
 non-commissioned staff (sergeant-major) to second lieuten- 
 ant of the company. Joseph H. Holmes was promoted to 
 sergeant on December 15. '62, and Charles G. Mills on 
 April 15. "63. Elmer Edwards was made a corporal Janu- 
 ary 29, '63, and Reuben Smith on April 15. 
 
 Those who did not remain in service with the company 
 until it was mustered out and the causes therefor are as 
 follows : 
 
 Enos R. Williams — Discharged at camp near Falmouth, 
 Va., January 29, '63 ; disability. 
 
 John Spalding — Discharged at camp near Suffolk, Va., 
 April 15, '63; disability; corporal August 30, '62; sergeant 
 October 2, '62. 
 
 Alexander Corson — Discharged at camp near Falmouth, 
 Va., January 9. '63; disability. 
 
 Edmund Y. Godfrey— Discharged at U. S. Army General 
 Hospital, Washington, D. C, April 12, '63; disability. 
 
 Thomas D. Sayers — Discharged at Summit House U. S. 
 
340 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Army General Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa., February 4. '63; 
 disability. 
 
 Elmer Taylor — Discharged at U. S. Army General Hos- 
 pital, Portsmouth Grove, R. I., June 26, '63; disability. 
 
 Alonzo Willis — Discharged at Ward U. S. Army Gen- 
 eral Hospital, Newark, N. J., March 2, '63; disability. 
 
 Edward L. Townsend — Died at hospital, Fredericks- 
 burg, Va., December 14, '62, of wounds received in action 
 at Fredericksburg, Va. ; buried at National Cemetery, Fred- 
 ericksburg, Va., Division A, Section A, Grave 54. 
 
 David Hildreth — Died of typhoid fever at camp near Fal- 
 mouth, Va., December 29, '62. 
 
 Those who remained in service until the regiment was 
 mustered out, June 20, 1863, were: 
 
 John F. Tomlin Samuel E. Douglas, J. Granville Leach, 
 James Whitaker, William Ogden, Joseph H. Holmes, 
 Charles G. Mills, Willowby Souder, Malachi High. Elmer 
 Edwards, Reuben Smith, Adam Abrams, Henry Bennett, 
 Henry Brown, Henry Rudolph, John Russell, David Nor- 
 ton, Benjamin Conover, Embury Townsend, James Weeks, 
 Elmer Willetts, George L. Williams, Daniel Chambers, 
 James F. Chambers, James Chester, George W. Corson, 
 James Crandol, Page R. Crawford, Joseph E. Dickinson, 
 William Early, Joseph Elberson, Daniel Eldridge, Charles 
 S. Elwell, George Errickson, John Errickson, Wil- 
 liam Farrow, Joseph Foster, Jesse Grace, Elias 
 Hand, Aaron Hewitt, Freling F. Hewitt, George Hewitt, 
 John Hewitt, Gabriel H. Holmes, Francis Katts, Aaron 
 Leaming, John D. Leaming, Joseph McCarty, William H. 
 McKeag, Richard Nott, Jonathan Rash, Clayton G. Sapp, 
 Martin Selover, William Smith, Charles H. Stephen and 
 Charles W. Townsend. 
 
 Josiah Granville Leach, eldest son of Joseph S. Leach, 
 ^as born at Cape May Court House July 27, 1842. He re- 
 ceived his education in our public schools, at the classical 
 school of Rev. Mr. Julien, and under private tutors. In his 
 eighteenth year he began writing for the newspapers, and 
 continued to write largely until the summer of 1862, when 
 he enlisted in the Twenty-fifth New Jersey Volunteers, 
 where he served as sergeant, sergeant-major and second- 
 
THE ENLISTMENTS OF 18G2. 341 
 
 Hutenant, receiving his promotion at the hands of Colonel 
 Derrom, to the sergeant-niajorship, for gallant conduct at 
 the battle of FrederiLk::bi..^. I'or some months previous 
 to his military service he devoted much of his time in or- 
 ganizing soldiers' aid societies, by which he was instru- 
 mental in providing a large amount of clothing and hos- 
 pital stores for the sick and wounded. 
 
 On leaving the army he removed to Philadelphia, and be- 
 gan the study of law; was graduated LL. B. by the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania, and in March, 1866, was admitted 
 to the bar in Philadelphia, where he has since continued the 
 practice of his profession. During the summer of 1865, at 
 the instance of S. R. Magonagle, Esci.. Colonel Leach or- 
 ganized and edited the "Cape May Daily Wave." 
 
 He has ever taken a deep interest in public affairs, and has 
 been active in almost every political campaign since his 
 nineteenth year, when he took the stump in support of Lin- 
 coln and Hamlin. He is said to have been the first to for- 
 mally present Mr. Blaine's name for the Presidency. In 
 the fall of 1875 he was elected to the Pennsylvania Legisla- 
 ture from Philadelphia, and served in the House during the 
 session of 1876. Declining a renomination. he became a 
 candidate for the Senate, but failed of a nommation. In 
 1878 he was nominated for the Legislature by the Green- 
 back-Labor party, but declined the honor. In April, 1887, 
 Governor Beaver appointed him Commissary-General of the 
 National Guard of Pennsylvania, with the rank of colonel, 
 which position he retained until January, i8gi. 
 
 At the beginning of President Harrison's administration 
 a strong movement was on foot to secure the appointement 
 of Colonel Leach as Minister Resident and Consul-General 
 to Switzerland, but before his claims were presented to the 
 President the mission was filled bv the appointment of his 
 kinsman, Colonel Washburne, of Massachusetts. A few 
 days later (March 18) the President appointed him appraiser 
 of the United States at the port of Philadelphia, this being 
 the President's first apointment in Philadelphia. The office 
 had not been sought, but was accepted, and filled for four 
 years with marked abilitv. 
 
 Colonel Leach has long devoted much time to literary 
 
342 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 pursuits, largely of a historical and genealogical character. 
 His contributions to "Appleton's Cyclopaedia of American 
 Biography" were more numerous than those of any other 
 contributor, aside from its editorial staff. Among his publi- 
 cations is ''Memoranda Relating to the Ancestry and Family 
 of Levi P. Morton, Vice-President of the United States," a 
 work of 190 pages. He is a member of the American Bar 
 Association, the American Academy of Social and Political 
 Sciences and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and 
 was for some years the historiographer of the latter. He 
 was one of the founders of the Genealogical Society of Penn- 
 sylvania, of which he has been a vice-president since its or- 
 ganization; a member of the Society of Colonial Wars; a 
 founder of the Pennsylvania Society of Sons of the Revolu- 
 tion and its historian, and is also historian of the Pennsyl- 
 vania Society of Descendants of the Mayflower, and a mem- 
 ber of many other organizations of a literary and social 
 character. 
 
 Reuben Foster was born in Lower township October 28, 
 1839. He received a common school education, and when 
 eighteen years of age went to Southwestern Iowa, where he 
 remained with his uncle. Rev. Dr. Daniel L. Hughes, for 
 four years, being engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1861 
 he returned home, and entered the Twenty-fifth Regiment, 
 and was promoted for meritorious conduct at Fredericks- 
 burg. After the close of the war he attended a business 
 college in Philadelphia, and in 1867 he entered into the 
 transportation business. He shortly afterwards located at 
 Baltimore. He became connected with the Southern 
 Steamship Line, and is now one of the wealthiest men in 
 the Monumental City. He was at one time receiver of the 
 Richmond and Danville Railroad, and is also agent of the 
 North River line of steamers. 
 
 The Relief Committee for the years 1863-4. as appointed 
 by the Board of Freeholders on May 13, 1863, was com- 
 posed of Thomas Williams, of Upper; William S. Townsend, 
 of Dennis; Dr. Alexander Young, of Middle; Samuel F. 
 Ware, of Lower, and Joseph S. Leach, of Cape Island. Be- 
 sides the money distributed by the board, the State contrib- 
 
THE KXLIST.MKNTS OF 1S(;:2. 343 
 
 aited to the relief of the soldiers' faniihes a total of $5449.40, 
 through County Collector Charles Hand. 
 
 By the calls made by the State for troops in Jvdy and Oc- 
 tober, this year, Cape May county was to furnish eighty- 
 three on the first call and eighty-eight on the second call. 
 These men were to be recruited by January 4, 1864. On 
 December 22, '63, the Board of Freeholders voted a bounty 
 of $300 to each volunteer who would enlist, and this olifer 
 was to last until the 171 men had been secured. Dr. Cole- 
 man F. Leaming was appointed to distribute the bounty 
 among the volunteers. The townships' committees and 
 Cape Island City Council also passed resolutions giving 
 bounties in addition to further aid in the recruiting. The 
 Freeholders recommended recruiting officers for each town- 
 ship, which they asked the Governor to appoint, as follows: 
 Thomas Williams, Upper; Clinton H. Ludlam, Dennis; Dr. 
 Coleman F. Leaming, Middle; Waters B. Miller, Lower, 
 and George W. Smith, Cape Island. By the same body it 
 Avas agreed that each volunteer would get seventy-live dol- 
 lars before leaving camp, and, in addition to regular pay, 
 be given every six months an additional sum of fifty dollars. 
 On January 13, 1864, the Freeholders passed a resolution 
 making the $300 bounty apply to colored as well as white 
 persons, and the rule was to hold good until the 171 men 
 liad entered the service. The bounty ceased on May 7, 1864. 
 
CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 THE CAMPAIGNS OF 1864 AND 18(i5. 
 
 On the 4th of January, 1864, the time set for the filhng up 
 of the quota for Cape Mslv, a number of persons vohmteered 
 and entered Company A, Third New Jersey Cavah-y. Most 
 of these men had served in the Twenty-fifth Regiment, In- 
 fantry. 
 
 The Third Cavalry was organized under the provisions 
 approved July 22, 1861, and in pursuance of a proclamation 
 issued by the President of th.e United States, dated October 
 17, 1863. The organization of the regiment was to be ef- 
 fected under the requirements of existing orders for the en- 
 rollment of troops. The organization of the regiment was 
 immediately commenced, and the authorities to raise com- 
 panies were issued to individuals in different parts of the 
 State. The headquarters of the regiment were established 
 at Camp Bayard, Trenton, and, to insure an early comple- 
 tion of the organization, it was designated the First Regi- 
 ment, United States Hussars, and a uniform pertaining to 
 this branch of service was adopted, which gave an enthusi- 
 asm to recruiting, and the required number of men to com- 
 plete the regiment was soon obtained. As soon as the com- 
 panies were raised they reported at camp, and were immedi- 
 ately mustered into the service of the United States for three 
 years, unless sooner discharged. Company A was mustered 
 in January 26. The regiment left the State April 5, 1864, 
 and marched overland to Annapolis, Md., having been as- 
 signed to the Ninth Army Corps. It remained at this 
 point but a short time, when, under orders, it proceeded to 
 Alexandria, Va., and joined the Army of the Potomac. The 
 regiment continued its organization and remained in active 
 service until the close of the war, and the most of the officers 
 and men were mustered out August i, 1865, at Washington, 
 D. C. The regiment was first attached to the Ninth Army 
 
THE CAMPAIGNS OF 18(M AM) 1SG5. 345 
 
 Corps: then to the Third Brigade. First Division, Cavalry 
 Corps; Army of the Potomac; then to the h'irst Brigade, 
 Third Division. Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac. It 
 took part in the following engagements, all in Virginia:. 
 United States Ford, May 19, 1864; Ashland Station, June 
 i; North Anna River, June 2; Haines' Shop, June 3; Bot- 
 tom's Bridge. June 4: White Oak Swamp, June 13; Smith's 
 Store, June 15; before Petersburg, July 25; Lee's Mills,. 
 July 2"/; Winchester, August 17; Summit Point, August 21; 
 Kearneysville, August 25 and 26; Berryville Turnpike, Sep- 
 tember 13; Opequan, September 19; Front Royal, Septem- 
 ber 21 and 22; Fisher's Hill, September 22; Winchester, 
 September 24: Waynesboro, September 28; Bridge water,. 
 October 2; Tom's Brook, October 9; Cupp's Mills, October 
 13; Cedar Creek, October 19; Back Road (near Cedar 
 Creek), November 12; Mount Jackson, November 22; 
 Lacey's Spring. December 21; Moorefield, February 22, 
 186": Waynesboro, March 2; Dinwiddie C. H., March 31; 
 Five Forks. April i: capture of Petersburg, April 2: Deep 
 Creek. April 3; Sailor's Creek, April 6: Appomattox Sta- 
 tion, April S. and at Appomattox C. H. (Lee's surrender), 
 April .9. 
 
 When the company was mustered into service the Cape 
 May men ranked as follows: 
 
 Second lieutenant, John F. Tomlin. 
 
 Sergeant, Joseph H. Holmes. 
 
 Blacksmith. German Corson. 
 
 Privates — David S. Townsend. Isaac W. Mulford, Daniel 
 H. Wheaton. Thomas H. Taylor, Shamgar C. Townsend, 
 Lewis Gooden, Jolin \\ . Hand, Andrew Kramer, George 
 W. Lester. John \\'. McCarty. Joseph A. McCarty, Isaac 
 W. McCormick. William H. McKeag. Francis G. Springer. 
 John Thornton, Edgar Yoss, Elva E. Westcott. Josiah 'Whit- 
 taker. George L. \^'illiams, Willets Corson, Charles Grace, 
 Alfred \^'arwick. 
 
 John F. Tomlin was promoted to first lieutenant of Com- 
 pany M on ;May 6. "64. and assumed the place five days later. 
 May 3. 1865. he was commissioned captain of Company 
 E, and on the 17th mustered into that office and remained as. 
 
346 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 such until the regiment was mustered out on August I, 
 
 1865. 
 
 Joseph H. Holmes was, on May 3, 1865, commissioned 
 second lieutenant of Company F, and mustered into that po- 
 sition on May 18, 1865, in which he sensed until mustered 
 out of service on August i, 1865. 
 
 David S. Townsend was promoted to sergeant January 
 I, 1865, and Isaac W. Mulford to corporal on June 11, 1864. 
 Daniel H. Wheaton was made a corporal on January 4, 
 1865; Shamgar C. Townsend, April 26, 1864, and Thomas 
 H.Taylor, March i. 1865. 
 
 Those who did not remain with the company during their 
 entire service and the reasons therefor were: 
 
 Shamgar C. Townsend— Prisoner of war and confined in 
 Andcrsonville Prison; paroled and discharged at U. S. 
 Army General Hospital, York, Pa., May 12, 1865. 
 
 Andrew Kramer — Discharged at Armory Square, U. S. 
 General Hospital, Washington, May 3, 1865. 
 
 Edgar Voss — Discharged at same time and place. 
 Willitts Corson — Died at Douglass U. S. Army General 
 Hospital, Washington, D. C, June 9, 1864; buried at Na- 
 tional Cemetery, Arlington, Va. 
 
 Charles Grace — Died at U. S. Army General Hospital, 
 Fairfax Seminary, Va., June 19, 1864; buried at National 
 Cemetery, Alexandria, Va., Grave 2 191. 
 
 Alfred Warwick — Died October 6, 1864; buried at Pop- 
 lar Grove National Cemetery, Va.; prisoner of war; died of 
 starvation in Saulsbury Prison. 
 
 Those who remained with the company until it w^as mus- 
 tered out, August I, 1865, were: David S. Townsend, Isaac 
 V/. Mulford, George L. Williams, German Corson, Lewis 
 Go 'den, John W. Hand, Elva E. Westcott, Joshua Whit- 
 taker, Daniel Wheaton, Thomas H. Taylor, George W. 
 Lester, John W. McCarty, Joseph A. McCarty, Isaac W. 
 McCoiniick, Wilkam H. McKeag, Francis G. Springer, 
 John Thornton. 
 
 The next companies in which Cape May men served 
 were Companies H and K, Thirty-eighth Regiment Volun- 
 teers. This regiment was organized under the provisions 
 
TFIE CAMPAKJNS OF ISVA AND lS(!.->. 
 
 347 
 
 <-of acts of Conoress of July 22, i86r. and July 4, 1864, and 
 under authority of the War Department for the raising of 
 two regiments of infantry. The recruiting was commenced 
 and headquarters of the regiment were established at Camp 
 Bayard, Trenton, and active measures were pursued to 
 -complete the organization at an early date. The required 
 number of men to complete the regiment was raised and 
 mustered into the service of the United States by com- 
 panies, for one year, by the ist day of October, 1864. Com- 
 pany H was mustered into service September 30, 1864, and 
 Company K September 15, at Camp Bayard. The regi- 
 -went was fully officered and completed by October 3. It 
 
 WILLIAM J. SEWELL. 
 
 left the State in three detachments. Company K left in 
 ■.the first detachment on September 20, and Company H 
 October 4, under Colonel William J. Sewell, whose name 
 lias since become a household word in the county by reason 
 of his prominence in Cape May's improvement, his summer 
 residence in the county and his twice serving the State in 
 the United States Senate. Each detachment proceeded to 
 Baltimore, Aid., thence by transports to City Point, Va. 
 Upon its arrival it was assigned to garrison and other duties, 
 the headquarters of the regiment being at Fort Powliattan, 
 •on the James River, having been assigned to a provisional 
 ';l)rigade. Army of the James. It remained in this vicinity 
 
34S HISTOKY OF CArE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 during its entire period of service, which lasted until the end 
 of the war. It was mustered out of service at City Point, 
 Va., Ttme 30. 1865, and started immediately for its return 
 to New Jersey, where it arrived on July 4. It took part ia 
 the operations of the army before Petersburg, Va., which 
 resulted in its capture April 2, and the surrender of General 
 Robert E. Lee, April 9. 
 
 Those who enlisted in Company H on September 20 
 were: George Aumack, Richard Aumack, Jr., Samuel 
 Barnes, John G. Sheppard, Edward F. Townsend, Joseph 
 W. Whitaker, and on the 27th were John C. Camp, James 
 Chambers, Frederick W. Crandol and Franklin Scull. They 
 all served as privates. All but Franklin Scull were mus- 
 tered out on June 30, 1865, he having died of pleurisy at 
 Post Hospital, Fort Pocohontas, Va., on November 22, 
 1864. 
 
 The Cape ]\Iay men in Company K all enlisted on Sep- 
 tember 6, excepting William Hoffman, who enlisted on the 
 following day. When the company was mustered into ser- 
 vice the Cape May men ranked as follows: 
 First lieutenant, Albert E. Hand. 
 Sergeant, Samuel E. Douglass. 
 Corporal, Eleazer F. Hankins. 
 
 Privates — Isaac Heritage, Enoch T. Abrams, Skidmore- 
 Abrams, Elijah D. Batts, Henry Brown, James F. Cham- 
 bers, Jacob S. Corson, Joseph Cresse, George Eldridge, 
 James Estell, Robert Garrison. Benjamin A. Hankins, Wil- 
 liam H. Fleritage, William Hoffman, David Lloyd, Albert 
 Norton, David Norton, L^riah Norton, Henry Rudolph 
 and Socrates J. Smith. 
 
 Samuel E. Douglass was made first sergeant October i, 
 1864; sergeant-major of the regiment on November i, and 
 was on May 16, 1865. promoted to be second lieutenant of 
 Company E, with which company he served until the regi- 
 ment was mustered out. 
 
 Eleazer F. Hankins was made sergeant on October i, 
 1864, and Isaac Heritage a corporal on November i. All 
 the men remained with the company until it was mustered 
 out, on June 30, 1865, excepting Samuel E. Douglass and 
 
THE CAMPAKJXS OF 18U4 AND ISCm. 349 
 
 lienry Rudolph, the latter being discharged at Camp Pa- 
 jole, Annapolis, Md., May i, 1865. 
 
 Cape May men did excellent service in the navy, the 
 more prominent of these men being: 
 
 Henry W. Hand, acting master; appointed November 13, 
 ''61; discharged February 21, '66; served on U. S. steamship 
 •"Vermont"' during 1863 and 1864. 
 
 James Mecray, Jr., acting assistant surgeon; appointed 
 November 5, '62; resigned April i, '64; served in East Gulf 
 Blockading Squadron, '62; U. S. bark "James L. Davis," 
 J863, 
 
 Henry Bennett (records unknown); drowned in Charles- 
 Ion Harbor, S. C. 
 
 Edward D. Springer, acting ensign; appointed August 
 31, '64; dischaged December 11, '65; served in Mississippi 
 Squadron. 
 
 Eli D. Edmunds, acting master; appointed May 8, 1865; 
 discharged September 9, 1865; acting master's mate Sep- 
 tember 9, '62; U. S. steamer "Crusader," '62; acting en- 
 sign September 9, '63; Potomac Flotilla, '63 and '64; com- 
 manding coast survey steamer '66. 
 
 Seth L. Hand, landsman; appointed September 2, '64; 
 discharged June 11, '65; served on U. S. receiving ship 
 "Princeton." 
 
 Theodore F. Hildreth, seaman; appointed December 14, 
 '63; discharged December 7, '64; served on U. S. steamer 
 "Niphon." 
 
 Elijah Hand, Jr., ordnance seaman; appointed Septem- 
 ber 5. '64; discharged June 8, '65; served on U. S. steamer 
 ^'Pontoosuc." 
 
 Andrew J. Tomlin, U. S. Marine Corps. 
 
 Henry Walker Hand is of colonial stock, being a lineal 
 tiescendant of Mark Hand, a soldier in the army of Oliver 
 Cromwell. He is a son of Christopher Smith Hand, and 
 was born at Green Creek on July 8, 1833. After obtaining 
 snch educational advantages as were to be had in his native 
 neighborhood, he began a life upon the sea at seventeen 
 years of age. At twenty-one he was a master in the mer- 
 -chant marine. When in Mobile, Alabama, in 1856, he was 
 
350 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 arrested for carrying ofif a negro slave, but upon trial was- 
 acquitted. He was, however, an ardent Abolitionist and. 
 strong Union man during the war. He entered the navy 
 at the outbreak of the conflict, on November 13, 1861, and 
 as master was ordered to the U. S. steamship "Keystone 
 State" as division and watch offtcer. He was on this vesseK 
 when it made its long cruise after the Confederate blockade- 
 runner "Nashville." He was in Admiral Du Pout's squad- 
 ron when his fleet captured the Southern ports south of 
 Port Royal, South Carolina. He operated with the divi- 
 sions of sailors and marines for shore duty and was prize- 
 master of the Confederate privateer "Dixie," captured by 
 the "Keystone State." He was attached to the monitor 
 "Passaic" in New York during the celebrated draft riots^. 
 and had command of her turret division. He w'as after- 
 wards transferred to the U. S. ships "Vermont" and "New 
 Hampshire," and was executive offtcer of each of them in 
 succession from July 28, 1863, to November, 1865. He did 
 service at the blockade at Charleston, S. C, and wdth the 
 naval brigade, under Brigadier General Hatch, operated in. 
 South Carolina in February, 1865. in the division which 
 acted as a diversion to General Sherman in the march to the 
 sea. 
 
 After the war Captain Hand made a three years' cruise 
 in the U. S. steamship "Lackawanna," on the Pacific sta- 
 tion, as watch offtcer. This ship did surveying in the Pa- 
 cific Ocean with headquarters at Honolulu, Sandwich Is- 
 lands. This was the first U. S. war vessel to reach that port 
 after the war. He was honorably discharged in 1869, and 
 returned home. Since that time he was connected with the- 
 public schools as teacher until he devoted his whole time 
 to editorial duties as editor of the "Wave," in which ca- 
 pacity he has acted since 1883. 
 
 In 1862 the total value of property in the county was- 
 $2,638,028, divided as follows: Upper township, $536,775; 
 Dennis, $520,871; Middle, $580,180; Lower, $498,476, and 
 Cape Island, $474,726. In 1865 the total value had de- 
 creased, according to estimate, a half million dollars. The 
 following table shows the condition of the county as esti- 
 mated at the close of the war (June, 1865): 
 
THE CAMPAKiNS OF 18(54 AM) ]80.j. 
 
 351 
 
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352 HISTORY OF CAPE ISIAY COUNTY. 
 
 In 1866 the war debt of Cape May county had reached 
 about twenty thousand dollars, and it was reduced at the 
 rate of about thirty-five hundred dollars per year until ex- 
 tinguished. 
 
 Frederick Ricard, State superintendent of public schools, 
 in his report of January 15, 1862, says of the Cape May 
 county schools: 
 
 "The tax per child raised here for the purpose of edu- 
 cation is exceeded by only three other counties in the State. 
 :>= * * There is no charge made for tuition in any of the 
 public schools, though I regret to say that the average 
 number of months which they are kept open does not com- 
 pare favorably with that of other counties. The teachers 
 here are, with very few exceptions, spoken of in the high- 
 est terms." 
 
 Cape May county's war Senator was Jonathan F. Learn- 
 ing, A. M., M. D., D. D. S., who served from 1862 to 1865. 
 He was born in Cape May county September 7, 1822. His 
 family is of English extraction, he being the sixth m his line 
 from Christopher Leaming, who migrated from England 
 in 1670 and settled in Cape May county in 1691. He was 
 a great-grandson of Aaron Leaming, second. H? pursued 
 his collegiate course at Madison L^niversity, New York, 
 and subsequently at Brown University, Lhode Island, and 
 graduate at the Jefferson Medical College, in Philadelphia, 
 in 1846. In 1847 ^^6 commenced the practice of medicine 
 in his native county, which he pursued for fourteen years, 
 compelled to relinquish it for the kindred but less arduous 
 profession of dentistry on account of impaired health. In 
 i860 he graduated at the Pennsylvania Dental College, 
 Philadelphia, and has since practiced dentistry in Cape May 
 county. He has taken an active part in public affairs, edu- 
 cational, political and religious. For several years he was 
 township superintendent of public schools, for fifteen years 
 county school examiner; served two terms as trustee of the 
 State Normal School, of which he was always a firm advo- 
 cate and supporters. 
 
 In 1861 he was elected as a Republican to the New Jer- 
 sey House of Assemblv, and in 1862 he was elevated to the 
 
 J^ 
 
THE CA^rrAIGNS OF lS(t4 AND ISCr.. 
 
 G53 
 
 State Senate, where he served three years. He was chair- 
 man of the committee of the Senate on the estabUshment of 
 the New Jersey Agricultural College, and was largely inter- 
 «ster in securing for Rutger's College her agricultural en- 
 dowment fund. 
 
 In 1868 he was elected surrogate of Cape May county 
 for five years, and re-elected in 1873, but in 1877 resigned 
 that position on January i to accept a seat in the State Sen- 
 ate again, to which he had been elected by the people for a 
 term of three years. 
 
 Religiously, he is a Baptist, and has been affiliated with 
 church work for sixty years, either as teacher, trustee, -dea- 
 
 DK. JONATHAN F. LKAMING 
 
 con and clerk, and for a great many years was a Sunday- 
 school superintendent. 
 
 A prominent citizen of Cape May during the war period 
 was Dr. Coleman F. Leaming, of Court House. He was 
 the second son of Jeremiah Leaming, who was in the Leg- 
 islative Council in 1832 to 1834, and elder brother of Rich- 
 ard S. Leaming, who was a Senator in 1874 to 1877. The 
 doctor was born on June 6, 1818. He was loan commis- 
 sioner of Cape May county from 1863 to 1880. He was a 
 member of the Board of Freeholders from Middle town- 
 ship in 1863. '64, "65. Previous to the war he practiced 
 medicine in New York. For a number of years he has been 
 
364 
 
 HISTORY OF CAFE MAY COUNTY, 
 
 a director of the West Jersey Railroad, and was for some 
 years superintendent of schools in Middle township. 
 
 The war Assemblyman was Wilmon W. Ware, who served 
 from 1862 to 1865, and who was State Senator from 1865. 
 to 1868. He was born at Cape May City, where he always re- 
 sided, in 1818, and was a brother of Joseph, Daniel C, Mas- 
 kel and John G. W., all of whom held public offices of trust 
 in Cape May City. He was a member of Cape Island Ctiy 
 Council during the years 1854, 1864, 1870 and 1878. He- 
 served as city clerk from 1858 to 1861, and was a member 
 of the Board of Freeholders in 1870. In politics he wa& 
 Republican, having formerly been a Whig. He died at 
 Cape May City on August 25, 1885. 
 
CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 LIFE FOLLOWING THE REBELLION. 
 John Wilson was elected sheriff in 1865 and served un- 
 til 1868. He was born at East Creek, where his father, 
 then a lad of nineteen, had settled, June 13, 1809. His fa- 
 ther came from the north coast of Ireland to America. He 
 always lived in that village, where he was a leading citizen. 
 He was a merchant, and engaged largely in the shipping of 
 cord wood. He was the first postmaster of his village, hav- 
 ing been appointed in 1842, and occupying the position 
 until he died, December 23, 1875. He was prominently 
 identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church of his 
 neighborhood and a devout Christian. In politics he was 
 at first a Whig and then a Republican. 
 
 On June 14, 1865, the Board of Freeholders concluded to 
 build a new surrogate's and clerk's office, and selected a 
 committee to visit other counties and examine the public 
 offices. Dr. Coleman F. Leaming, Sylvanus Corson and 
 Joseph E. Hughes were chosen as the committee. On De- 
 cember 28 they reported to the Board that they had had the 
 offices built at a cost of $5100 and that they were finished 
 on December i. 
 
 By the census of this year, and in spite of the war, the 
 population had increased to 7625 persons, or a gain in five 
 years of 495. The population was apportioned among the 
 townships as follows: Upper, 1575; Dennis, 2019; Middle, 
 2077; Lower, 1355, and Cape Island, 599. 
 
 On September 10, 1866, the New Jersey Legislature, in 
 special session, ratified the Fifteenth Amendment to the Con- 
 stitution of the United States. Wilmon W. Ware was Sen- 
 ator and Thomas H. Beesley was the Assemblyman. 
 
 On January 16, 1767, a postoffice was established at 
 Belle Plain, which was then in Cumberland county, but 
 which is now within the bounds of Cape May county. On 
 
356 FIISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 the 7th of September of this year the postofftce at South 
 Seaville was opened, with Remington Corson as postmaster. 
 
 Samuel R. JNIagonagle, who was a member of the As- 
 sembly in 1868, and the fifth and seventh Mayor of Cape Is- 
 land, was born in 1829 at IMifflin, Juniata caunty, Pa., where 
 he was brought up and went to school. His mother died 
 when he was ten years of age, and he was left much of the 
 time to look out for himself. Early in life he apprenticed 
 himself to a printer, and learned that trade, and so industri- 
 ous was he that, when nineteen years of age, or in 1848, he 
 was the publisher of a newspaper in his native town, known 
 as the "Pennsylvania Register." He published the journal 
 for a number of years, and during his editorial management 
 was a power for the Democratic party, to the principles of 
 which Mr. Magonagle always clung. After disposing of 
 his paper, the young and ambitious man hunted for new 
 fields, and traveled all over the West, working his way at 
 the printer's case, until, in 1859, we find him in Philadelphia. 
 At that time he became an employe at the printing establish- 
 ment of Crissy & Markley, and afterwards became an em- 
 ploye of the "Philadelphia Inquirer." In 1856 he came to 
 Cape May, or Cape Island, as the place was then called, and 
 became an employe and assistant to Mr. Joseph S. Leach. 
 at that time proprietor and publisher of the "Cape May 
 County Ocean Wave," when the paper was a power both 
 editorially and in a business way. While in the employ 
 of Mr. Leach he did not waste any time, but between hours 
 learned to manipulate the telegrapher's keyboard, and was 
 shortly made the manager of the Western Union Telegraph 
 Company for Cape Island. 
 
 On December 5, 1859, President Buchanan made him 
 postmaster of the town, which office he held until June 26, 
 1863, when he was succeeded by Mr. Joseph S. Leach. 
 
 In May, i860, he married Mrs. Mary E. Tindall, widow of 
 Rev. N. B. Tindall, a Baptist clergyman, and a daughter 
 of Richard Thompson, of Court House. 
 
 In March, 1861, Mr. Magonagle was elected Mayor for 
 one year, and, although his place was never filled by an- 
 other appointment, the office was virtually vacant, because 
 Mr. Magonagle had, shortly after election, volunteered his 
 
LIFE FOLLOWING THE REBELLION. 
 
 357 
 
 services to the country and gone off with the brave boys of 
 Company A, Seventh Regiment, New Jersey \'olunteers. 
 He was "only away a : ho. . iim:, durhig which time he was 
 quartermaster-sergeant. He was taken ill and never crossed 
 the Potomac, and the illness never left him entirely. 
 
 He purchased the "Wave" in 1863 from Mr. Leach, and 
 was its proprietor until his death. In 1865 he began the 
 summer-time daily issue, which has been continued by suc- 
 cessive proprietors of tlie paper since. 
 
 He was elected INIayor for the second time in March, 1863, 
 
 surrogate's anj) (.'Lekk'is offick, lu'ii/r ix iNGo. 
 
 and re-elected in 1864. 1865, 1866 and 1867 for terms of a 
 vear each. He would have probably been elected in 1868, 
 but he was elected to the House (i Assembly in the fall of 
 
 1867. Before he had served to the end of his session, in 
 
 1868, he was elected a member of City Council, and died be- 
 fore that term was served out. He was the first Democrat 
 elected to the Assembly from the county. 
 
 In 1859 he united with the First Methodist Episcopal 
 Church of this city, and remained a faithful member and 
 worker and Sunday-school teaclier during the balance of his 
 life. 
 
358 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 While in Trenton attending to getting some amendments 
 to the city charter, which were finally passed in 1869, he 
 was taken ill at a reception at the home of Hon. John P. 
 Stockton, a firm friend of Mr. Magonagle, who has since 
 that time been United States Senator and x\ttorney-General 
 of the State. This illness, caused by the illness contracted 
 in the army, became worse, and he died in his apartments 
 in the American House, in Trenton, on the evening of Jan- 
 uary 22, 1869. The body was brought home, and, after a 
 large funeral, it was placed in its last resting place in the 
 Cape May Court House Cemetery. He left a widow, who 
 died in 1894. 
 
 At the time of his death he was a member of the Soldiers' 
 Union, the ^Masonic Order and of the Good Templars. 
 
 In speaking of • him in its obituary, the Philadelphia 
 "Evening Bulletin" said: 
 
 «* * * j^jj. ]\Iagonagle was a gentleman of varied 
 abilities, and of the most estimable character. Generous 
 and humane in his nature, his affections and sympathies 
 were always enlisted on the side of mercy. These traits 
 were eminently developed throughout the seven years he 
 occupied the position of chief magistrate of Cape Island. 
 
 "In the adjudication of the varied cases which came be- 
 fore him, Mr. Magonagle exhibited signal ability. His 
 quick appreciation of legal duty and unmistakable power 
 of analysis always guided his decisions and led him to a cor- 
 rect determination of the cases that came before him. In 
 the discharge of his duties on these principles he won for 
 himself the warmest attachments of all who came in social 
 and political contact with him. A community loses much 
 when it loses such a man. Mr. Magonagle had been a resi- 
 dent of Cape Island for many years, and had grown almost 
 with the growth of that popular seaside resort. 
 
 "He had been successful in establishing his newspaper, 
 the 'Ocean Wave,' on a firm and quite prosperous basis, 
 and was an active spirit in advancing all the essential inter- 
 ests and improvements of that city. 
 
 "Mr. Magonagle was a gentleman of pleasing and affa- 
 ble manners; a well-known Democrat, but of moderate po- 
 litical views; was a member of the Legislature in 1868, and 
 
LIFE F()LL()WlN<i I'llE KEHKLLIOX. 359 
 
 ■was esteemed by his colleagues for his honorable traits of 
 •character, and by the members of the press throughout the 
 -State for his social qualities, business enterprise and en- 
 ergy." 
 
 Anthony Steelman, Sheriff from 1868 to 1871, was born 
 in Atlantic county December 23, 1823, his father being Jo- 
 nas Steelman. He attended the public schools until he was 
 eighteen years of age. Then he worked on his father's farm 
 -until 1845, when, on October 6, he became a partner of 
 Elijah Ireland, at Tuckahoe, in the mercantile business, and 
 in August, 1847, became a partner of James Shoemaker, 
 remaining with him twenty-three years. He then became 
 sole owner, and conducted the business until he retired in 
 1895, having been in business then forty-nine years. He 
 was a member of the Board of Freeholders nine years, "nd 
 ■of the Upper Township Committee fifteen years. 
 
 The "Star of the Cape," the second newspaper established 
 in the county, first appeared at Cape May Court House 
 about 1868, its publishers being J. Alvin Cresse and one 
 Cheever. In less than two years' time it was moved to 
 Cape May City by W.\'. L. Seigman.who purchased it of its 
 original owners, and who conducted it until 1883, when it 
 Avas purchased by Thomas R. Brooks. Mr. Brooks edited 
 it until May, 1889, when he sold it to Aaron W. Hand and 
 N. Perry Edmunds. In February, 1890, Mr. Brooks pur- 
 •chased of Mr. Edmunds his interest, and finally the whole 
 paper in 1894, but in September, 1895, he sold it to the Star 
 of the Cape Publishing Company, who are the present own- 
 ers. It is now managed for this companv by Aaron W. 
 Hand. 
 
 Thomas Rezo Brooks, a grandson of Rev. Thomas 
 Brooks, a Baptist cli^rgyman who preached at West Creek, 
 was born at Heislerville, Cumberland county, X. J.. Octo- 
 "ber 4, 1838. His grandfather was a Revolutionary soldier, 
 and he was one of those who were confined in the prison 
 ■ship in New York harbor by the liritish for his ardent pa- 
 triotism. Flis father was Sanniel Brooks, a prominent of- 
 ficial member and exhorter in the Methodist Church of 
 Cumberland county. His mother is Loraina, a daut^hter c 
 
360 
 
 HISTORY OF CAPE M\Y COT'XTY. 
 
 Barlow Williams, who was licensed as a local minister in 
 the Methodist Church at the beginning of the present cen- 
 tury. Mr. Brooks' parents removed to Philadelphia in the- 
 spring of 1839 and it was in the public schools of that city 
 that he was mainly educated. In December, 1861, he mar- 
 ried Miss Emma T. Brooks, of Smyrna. Delaware. In 1859 
 he began teaching school in his native county, and m 1869 
 closed his career as a teacher at Dennisville, this county, 
 and accepted a position tendered him by the West Jersey 
 Railroad Company. He was with this company for four- 
 teen years. While yet with the company, in 1876, he be- 
 
 TIIOMAS K. HROOK 
 
 came associate editor of the "Wave." and in 1883 resigned 
 his position with the company and purchased the "Star of 
 the Cape," from which he retired in the fall of 1895. Under 
 his editorial control the "Star of the Cape" became one of the 
 most popular and successful journals in South Jersey. He 
 now resides ui Cape May City. 
 
 Dr. Edmund Levi Bull Wales, of Tuckahoe, was, about 
 1866, appointed a judge of the New Jersey Court of Errors 
 and Appeals, to succeed Joshua Swain. Jr., who had died. 
 He served in that capacity until 1881. Dr. Wales was a son 
 of Dr. Roger Wales, and was born March 15, 1805. He- 
 
LIFE following; Till-: KK1U:LLIUN. o61 
 
 was a graduate of Jefferson Medicr.l College, Philadelphia, 
 and practiced metlicine at Tuckahoe for many years. He 
 was the wealthiest man of the county at tlic time of his 
 death, on August 19. 1882. 
 
 His brother. Dr. Eli B. Wales, of Cold Spring, was for 
 many years a judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Cape 
 May county. Pie was born July 10, 1798, and died Sep- 
 tember 24, 1883. 
 
 In 1870 Cape May's acreage was divided as follows: 
 Beaches, 4424; marsh on which tide rose and fell, 58,824; 
 bays and sound? and creeks, 10,443; ^^^^ upland, 96,480; 
 total, 170,171 .-;cres. Twenty-one thousand four hundred 
 and two acres of this fast land were under cultivation and 
 known as "improved land."" The estimated total value of 
 farms was $1,683,430. The total value of all farm produc- 
 tions, including Ix'ttenricnts and addition to stock, was 
 $318,609. The live stock in the county (valued at .$196,000) 
 was divi'led as follows: Horses, 816: mules and asses, 4; 
 milch 0(1"/?. 1545; working oxen, 13: slieep, 382, and swine, 
 175 1. The production.- were as follows: Busliels of winter 
 wlieat, 19.064: busliels of rye, 171; bushels of Indian corn. 
 86.218: bushels of oats, 6648: bushels of buckwlieat, 157; 
 pounds of wool, 1095: bushels of Irish potatoes, 22,360; 
 bushels of sweet ]:)otatoes, 21.193, '^'"'^^ pounds of butter, 68,- 
 310. 
 
 Tlie assessed valuatinn of real ond personal estate was 
 $•^.800,810: true value of real and personal estate, $5,599.- 
 383: total amount raised by taxation. $36,637; State tax, 
 $2228: county tax. $11,529: town and city tax, $22,870; 
 countv public debt, nothing: townsliip and city public debt. 
 $50,600. 
 
 The population of the count y was apportioned as follows: 
 
 TOWNSIIirS. WHITE (OI.OHKI) TOTM. 
 
 Cape May City, l-:4^ 148 ]-M^?> 
 
 Dennis, 1598 2 KSOO 
 
 Lower 'Hn2 Cll 181H 
 
 Middle, -J 28 n? 2^m 
 
 Ufq-er, l=-.-.^i 7 1528 
 
 80n4 4:-"!:) 852<> 
 
362 
 
 HIS1X)RY OF GATE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 In the beginnino^ of the present century whale boats were 
 used on the Cape May county coast for the saving of lives 
 and merchandise from wrecks. These boats were built for 
 such purposes in conjunction with use for fishing purposes 
 of shore. They were owned by private parties, and the 
 crews were necessarily volunteers. About 1840 Jonathan 
 J. Springer, of Middle township, brother of Samuel Spring- 
 er, sheriff, hiiilt a boat for the purpose, which was named 
 "Insurance." This craft was built for the Vessel Insurance 
 Company, for which Judge Richard C. Holmes w^as agent 
 in Cape May county. The "Insurance," owing to its un- 
 seaworthy qualities, was abandoned, and about 1852 the 
 "Relief" was built by Mr. Springer for a company of nine. 
 Some of those who served as volunteers in the crew were 
 Richard Ludlam, Aaron D. Hand, George Hildreth, Isaac 
 Isard, Jonathan Fifield, Elijah Townsend, Enoch Hand and 
 James Crowell. About i860 "The Rescue" was built and 
 manned by Henry Y. Hewitt, captain; Richard Holmes, 
 Enoch Hand, Cornelious Bennett, Swain, Church, Somers, 
 Isard, William McCarty, Sr. 
 
 In 1857 Judge Holmes built his self-righting life-saving 
 boat, and in the summer of that year it was exhibited on 
 the beach at Cape Island. This boat, however, never 
 proved successful. 
 
 Judg;e Richard C. Holmes was born in Cape May county 
 September 17, 1813. He was educated in Philadelphia, and 
 the early part of his life was spent in the employ of Captain 
 Joseph Hand, an extensive shipping merchant (who was also 
 born in Cape May county). While in Captain Hand's em- 
 ploy young Holmes gained a full knowledge of vessels, 
 boat's and seamen, and afterwards used his knowledge in 
 savi'ig hundreds of lives on the coast. He was an officer 
 of bo'h the State and the United States and agent for Phila- 
 delpl i.'i ind New York insurance comp.anies. He was col- 
 lector of the Port of Cape May about 1832. Judge Holmes 
 died at his hon-"^. near Cape May Court House, January 
 25. 1863, aged 49 years. 
 
 The attention to establishing life-saving stations on the 
 coast was first given by the United States Government in 
 
LIFE FOLI.OWIXd TIIF UEBELI.IOX. 36-3 
 
 K848. wlien William A. Xewell, of New Jersey, was in Con- 
 ■gress. He urged the expediency of action, and secured an 
 appropriation of $10,000 to "provide surf boats, rockets, 
 'Carronades and other necessary appurtenances for the better 
 •preservation of life and property from shipwreck. In 1849 
 boats were first placed on Cape May beaches for life-saving 
 stations by the authority given above. The boats and ap- 
 purtenances were not placed in the hands of persons held 
 accountable. In December, 1854, Congress authorized the 
 appointment of captains, who were paid $200 per year sal- 
 ary, while the crews were to be volunteers. In 1871 the 
 present organized service was established. New stations 
 were built and equipped with boats and with rooms for liv- 
 ing and sleeping, a code of signals adopted and full crews 
 ■employed. 
 
 Geographical positions of United States life-saving sta- 
 tions in Cape May county: 
 
 No. 30. Beasley's — South side Great Egg Harbor Inlet. 
 
 No. 31, Peck's Beach — Three and one-half miles above 
 'Corson's Inlet. 
 
 No. 32, Corson's Inlet — Near inlet, north side. 
 
 No. 33, Ludlam's Beach — Three and one-half miles above 
 Townsend's Inlet. 
 
 No. 34, Townsend's Inlet — Near the Inlet, west side. 
 
 No. 35, Stone Harbor — Three and one-half miles above 
 Hereford Inlet. 
 
 No. 36, Hereford Inlet — Near Hereford Light. 
 
 No. 37, Turtle Gut — Six and one-quarter miles above 
 Cape May City. 
 
 No. 38, Two-Mile Beach — Four miles above Cape May 
 City. 
 
 No. 39. Cold Sprinn- — One hundred feet west ^Madison 
 avenue, Cape May Citv. 
 
 No. 40, Cape May — Near Cape May Lii^ht. 
 
 No. 4T, Bay Shore — Two and one-half miles west Cape 
 Mav City. 
 
 Thomas Beesley. of Dennisville. who was chosen State 
 Senator in 1870 and served in 1871, '72 and '73. was a 
 vounger brother of Dr. Maurice Beeslev. Thomas Beeslev 
 
364 UISTOIIY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 was born in Capo May county August 22, 1815, and, after 
 receiving a moderate education, engaged himself in mer- 
 cantile pursuits. He became prominent as a counselor 
 among men. He was five times chosen to the Assembly, 
 serving in the years 1865, '66, '67, '69 and 70. He held. 
 local offices and was an ardent Union man. He was at 
 first allied with the Whig party, and then with the Repub- 
 lican, and as such was elected to public office. He died on 
 October 16, 1877. 
 
 Nelson T. Eldredge, of Lower township, who was chosen^ 
 sheriff in 187 1, was a son of Jeremiah L. Eldredge, a prom- 
 inent pilot who lived in the county. He was born in Lower 
 township October 13, 1833. He served as sheriff from 1871 
 to 1874. He died in Lower township on June 16, 1886. 
 
 In 1872 postoffices were at Ocean \'iew and Palermo,, 
 the former on May 6 and the latter on December 11. 
 February 24, 1873, the office at South Dennis was first 
 opened. 
 
 In 1872 the State Legislature passed a law authorizing 
 the building of life saving stations along the beaches. 
 
 In 1875 the International Cape May Ocean Regatta came- 
 off, and the Cape May Cup, which was then won, has been 
 carried all over the world and raced for many times since- 
 by those yachts famous both in Europe and America. 
 
 The cup was raced for by the New York Yacht Club 
 from a buoy off Sandy Hook to Five-Fathom Beach, off 
 Cape May. 
 
 The third President to visit Cape May county was General 
 Grant, who came for four different seasons for short visits.. 
 On Saturday evening, June 13, 1873, he arrived at Congress 
 Hall. Cape Island, and was at the opening of the hotel for 
 the season. He brought with him several Cabinet officers 
 and prominent citizens, among whom were General George 
 H. Williams, Attorney-General; Hon. Benjamin Bristow, 
 Secretary of the Treasury; Hon. R. B. Cowen, Assistant 
 Secretary of the Interior; ex-Vice-President Hannibal Ham- 
 lin, then United States Senator from Maine; General O. E. 
 Hancock, United States Army, and Private Secretary to the 
 President; Hon. A. G. Cattell. ex-United States Senator 
 from New Jersey, and who was afterwards president of the 
 
LIFE 1"()LL()\VI.\(; 'iHi: IlKr.ELLTO.X. 8t)5 
 
 local banking- institution, the New Jerse}- I'rust and Safe 
 Deposit Compan\-; Governor A. R. Sheppard, oi the Dis- 
 trict of Coknnbia; Hon. John Goforth, Assistant Attorney- 
 General; General Edward AlcCook, Governor of Colorado; 
 Thomas H. Dudley, Consul to Liverpool, and others. The 
 party was received by Company H, Sixth Reghnent, the 
 local military organization, and welcomed to the city by 
 Mayor Waters B. jMiller. During that season Hon. Fred- 
 eric T. Frelinghuysen, ai'terwards Secretary of State un- 
 der President Arthur, was a guest at the Stockton with his 
 family. The following season Governor Thomas A. Hen- 
 dricks, afterwards \' ice-President of the United States, was 
 a Stockton guest. 
 
 Frank \\'illing Leach, who left Cape May for other fields 
 about this time, is the youngest surviving son of Joseph S. 
 Leach, and was born at Cape ]\Iay August 26, 1855. He 
 was educated primarily at the local schools and by private 
 tutor. Flaving read law with his brother, J. Granville 
 Leach, he was admitted to the Philadelphia bar March 31, 
 1877. He immediately began the practice of his profession 
 in that city, where he has resided since January, 1873. Mr. 
 Leach, at an early age, even before attaining his majority, 
 evinced an appetite for journalism and literature. When a 
 youth he was president of the Philadelphia Amateur Press 
 Association and critic of the Eastern Amateur Press Asso- 
 ciation. About this time he was editor of "The Literary 
 •Gem," a monthly journal, published by the Crescent Liter- 
 ary Society, of which organization, made up chiefly of col- 
 lege students, he was the president. Soon afterw'ard he be- 
 gan contributing to current periodicals, his first story, a nov- 
 elette, having been published in the ''Waverly Magazine," 
 when he was twenty-tvv'o years of age. Before this he had 
 done work as a correspondent for the Philadelphia "Press" 
 and Philadelphia "North American." For a number of 
 years Mr. Leach has been engaged upon a biographical and 
 genealogical work entitled "The Signers of the Declaration 
 of Independence: Their Ancestors and Descendants." 
 
 Mr. Leach's tastes and inclinations ran to politics while 
 he was yet a young man. In 1881 he was a delegate to the 
 Republican State Convention, of which, also, he was the 
 
3G6 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 secretary. The same year he followed the political fortunes" 
 of Hon. Charles S. Wolfe, who ran as an independent can- 
 didate for State Treasurer. Mr. Leach was secretary of the- 
 Independent Republican State Committee that year, as well, 
 as in 1882, when Hon. John Stewart was the independent, 
 candidate for Governor, and he was also secretary of the 
 convention which placed the latter in nomination, May 24,. 
 1882. In 1883 he was chief auditor in the office of the City 
 Controller of Philadelphia, and the following year he was- 
 chief clerk, at the same time serving as secretary to the- 
 he became the secretary of the Republican State Committee- 
 Commissioners of the Sinking Fund of that city. In 1885 
 of Pennsylvania, which position he held until the sumrner 
 of 1893. From 1886 to 1892, and again in 1895, ^'^^ '^^"^s 
 secretary of the Republican State Committee. He was also 
 a delegate to the State Convention of 1893. In 1888 he 
 was secretary of the Republican National Convention, which 
 met at Chicago, and from 1888 to 1892 he was assistant 
 secretary of the Republican National Committee, and he 
 conducted the campaign of that year. As a political or- 
 ganizer he has few equals in Pennsylvania. 
 
 Mr. Leach is a member of the Pennsylvania Society Sons 
 of the Revolution and of the Pennsylvania and New York 
 Societies of Mayflower Descendants; also a member of the 
 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the American Academy 
 of Political and Social Science, the Numismatic and Anti- 
 quarian Society of Philadelphia, the University Archeolog- 
 ical Association, the American Folk Lore Society, the Civil 
 Service Reform Association of Philadelphia and the Gealog- 
 ical Society of Pennsylvania; also of Mt. Moriah Lodge, 
 No. 55, F. A. M., and Damascus Council, No. 536, Jr. O. U. 
 A. M.; also of the Markham and Penrose Clubs of Philadel- 
 phia, and the Harrisburg Club, of Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 Hereford Inlet Light was established in 1874. 
 
 This light is located on the north end of Five-AIile Beach, 
 in latitude 39°Oo'oo'' and longitude 74°47'oo". Its height 
 of tower is 49^ feet and elevation of light 57 feet above sea 
 level. It has a fourth-order lens and fixed red light, visible 
 at a distance of thirteen nautical miles. Arc of illumination, 
 N. E. by N. I N., around eastward to S. W. ^ S. This 
 
LIFE FOLLOW I N<; THE HEHKLI.iON. 
 
 3b7 
 
 Structure is of wood and placed in a grove. The tower 
 surmounts the dweUing. Both are painted straw color. 
 Distant lof nautical miles north of Cape May Lighthouse. 
 
 Richard S. Learning, Senator from 1874 to 1877, was a 
 prominent man of the county. He was a son of Jeremiah 
 Learning, who was Senator from 1834 to 1836, and was 
 born in Cape May county July 16, 1828. In early life he 
 evinced business capacity, and began business as a ship 
 builder at Dennisville, where he was successful in his opera- 
 
 KICIIAKD S. I.EAMIXC4. 
 
 tions. During the war he became a staunch Union man, 
 and was active in moving supplies and securing volunteers. 
 He became a member of the Republican party upon its 
 formation. He was a member of the Board of Freeholders 
 from Dennis township during the years 1862, '69, '70,'7i and 
 y2. He served as a member of the Assembly in 1871, '72 
 and 'yT,. The latter year he was chosen to the Senate and 
 served during the years 1874, '75 and '76. He was a candi- 
 date for Presidential elector in 1888 on the Harrison and 
 Morton ticket. He was a prominent Baptist and many 
 
308 
 
 HISTORY or CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 years superintendent of liis Sunday school. He died at 
 Dennisville on May 25. 1895. 
 
 In 1874 Dr. Alexander Young, of Court House, ser\'ed 
 in the Assembly. He was a grandson of Henry Young, 
 who was surrogate of Cape Way from 1743 to 1768. Dr. 
 Young was born at Beesley's Point March 27, 1828. After 
 getting a primitive education, he entered Jefferson Medical 
 College, in Philadelphia, in 1857, and two years later was 
 graduated an M. D. He settled at Goshen and practiced 
 there until 1873, when he removed to Court House. Early 
 
 ■ V•V^■V^■^{^^^^^ 
 
 fn life he became a member of the Petersburg M. E. Church, 
 and was some years a class leader. While at Goshen he 
 gave attention also to cranberr\' growing and had one of 
 the largest bogs in the county. 
 
 Beginning in 1868, he served in the Board of Freeholders 
 for about fifteen years from Middle townslrp. and from 1870 
 until he retired he was the director (president) of that body. 
 He died at Court House on May 17, 1887. 
 
 In 1874 Joseph E. Hughe? was appointed a judge of 
 county courts by Governor Joel E. Parker. Judge Hughes, 
 
LIFE FOLLOWING ; TI IF UFi'.FI.l.IOX. 
 
 :JG9 
 
 who was a son of James R. Hughes, a well-known local 
 •educator of his day, and a grandson of Aaron Eldredge, 
 surrogate from 1802 to 1803, was born in Lower township 
 July 31, 1821. In his thirteenth year he became a mem- 
 ber of the Cold Spring Presbyterian Church. He grew to 
 manhood on his father's farm and was studious and acquired 
 a moderate education. He entered upon farming, and for 
 fifteen years taught the district school. For many years 
 superintendent of the Cold Spring Sunday-school, and was 
 
 .insKi'H E. i[U(iiU!:s. 
 
 made an elder of the church in 1835. where he remained until 
 1875, when he united with the church in Cape May City, of 
 which he is to-day an elder; He was clerk of the Township 
 Committee and town superintendent of schools. In 1865 
 he was a member of the Board of Chosen Freeholders, and 
 was its clerk in 1871 and 1872. During the latter year he 
 removed to Cape May City, and was in 1874 elected to the 
 City Council. In 1874 he was appointed judge, and served 
 until 1882, when he was appointed postmaster of Cape May 
 City by President Arthur. He held this position four years. 
 In 1886 he was chosen alderman, and served two years. In 
 
370 HISTORY OF CAPK MAY COUNTY, 
 
 1893 he was appointed again a judge of the courts by Gov- 
 ernor Werts, and served until the law was changed in 1896.- 
 In politics he is a moderate Republican. He was in private 
 life engaged in mercantile pursuits and the hotel business. 
 
 By the State census of 1875 Cape May had a population 
 of 8190, of which 354 were colored persons. The popula- 
 tion, according to townshis, was: Upper, 1569; INIiddle, 
 2355; Lower, 1480; Dennis, 1585. and Cape May City, 1201.. 
 
 In 1875 Cape Island was given a new charter by the 
 Legislature, and its name changed to Cape May City. The- 
 new charter provided for a mayor, an alderman, and a re- 
 corder, elected every two years; nine councilmen for three- 
 year terms, three going out of ofBce each year, and a col- 
 lector of taxes, assessor of taxes, treasurer and overseer of 
 poor, each elected anually. The limit of indebtedness was- 
 fixed at $100,000. 
 
 Richard D. Edmunds, who served in the Assembly in 
 1875, was a son of Robert Edmunds, a soldier in the War of 
 1812. He was born in Lower township in 1814, where he 
 spent his boyhood days. He obtained an education as best 
 he could, and then entered into mercantile pursuits and 
 farming. He served in the Board of Freeholders from 
 Lower township in 1857. In 1862 he was chosen loan com- 
 missioner of the county, and held that office for a year, hav- 
 ing that autumn been chosen sheriff. He served in that 
 capacity until 1865. Afterwards he removed to Cape Ls- 
 land, and, in 1871, was chosen from there a member of the 
 Board of Freeholders. In 1875 he was elected recorder of 
 Cape May City under its new charter, and served one year. 
 He was a judge of the Court of Common Pleas for some 
 years previous to his death. For fifteen years he was an 
 elder of the Cold Spring Presbyterian Church. He died 
 on October 8, 1879. 
 
 In 1875 Sea Grove, now Cape May Point, was founded 
 as a Presbyterian summer resort by Alexander Whilldin^ 
 of Philadelphia, and others. The idea of such a place had 
 been in the minds of Mr. Whilldin for some years. The 
 first move towards its founding was the organizing of the- 
 West Cape May Land Company, which was chartered by 
 
LIFE F<)I>LOWI.\<i THE KEBELLION. 371 
 
 the Legislature in March 8, 1872. The incorporators were 
 Alexander Whilldin. Colonel James Pollock, George H. 
 Stuart, H. R. Wilson, S. A. Mutchmore, Nicholas Murray, 
 James H. Stevens, George W. Hill, G. H. Huddell, J. P. 
 Reznoo, John W'anamaker, Robert J Mercer, Hon. M. Hall 
 Stanton and Joseph Freas, of Philadelphia; Return B. 
 Swain. Franklin Hand. Richard S. Leaming, Thomas Bees- 
 ley, Downs Edmunds and X'irgil M. D. Marcy, of Cape May 
 county, and former United States Senator Alexander G. 
 Cattell. of Camden county. On the i8th of February, 1875, 
 the Sea Grove Association was chartered by the Legislature, 
 with Alexander Whilldin, Dr. V. M. D. Marcy, Downs Ed- 
 munds. Dr. J. Newton Walker and John Wanamaker as 
 directors. 
 
 Under their supervision Sea Grove was laid out on the 
 most northerly point of the State, and on wdiat was originally 
 known as Stites' Beach. The town prospered for a about 
 fifteen years. A postoffice was established there on March 
 27, 1876, with Alexander Whilldin Springer, nephew of the 
 above, as postmaster. In 1878 the name of the office was 
 changed to Cape May Point, by wdiich it is still known. 
 Shortly after the town v/as settled a borough government 
 was established, which lasted until 1894. 
 
 Alexander Whilldin was born in Philadelphia in 1808, 
 his father being a Cape May pilot, who was drowned in 18 12. 
 The mother and son then came to Cape May and lived here 
 until young Alexander was sixteen years of age. He then 
 became a clerk in a Philadelphia store, and did the chores. 
 Gradually rising in his position, he was, in 1832, able to 
 begin business for himself as a wool merchant. He pros- 
 pered until he became one of the first men in the financial 
 world of Philadelphia. He was for years president of the 
 American Life Insurance Company. He died in Philadel- 
 phia in April 16, 1893. 
 
 John Wanamaker, a merchant and philanthropist, of Phil- 
 adelphia, was born in that city on July 11, 1837. He was 
 educated in the public schools there, and began business in 
 1 86 1, and now owns the greatest retail establishment in the 
 United States. He has also a large retail store in New 
 
372 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 York city. He is a prominent Presbyterian, and in 1857 
 organized Bethany Sabbath-school, of which he has ever 
 since been superintendent. For many years he was 
 president of the Young Men's Christian Association 
 of Philadelpliia. From 1889 to 1893 he was Post- 
 master-General of the United States under the ad- 
 ministration of President Benjamin Harrison. He owns a 
 handsome summer residence at Cape May Point, where he 
 built Beadle Memorial Chapel. 
 
 Virgil M. p. Marcy was the son of Dr. Samuel S. ]\Iarcy, 
 and was born in Lower townsliip January 5, 1823. At ten 
 years of age he was sent to Connecticut to school, and there 
 prepared for college. At sixteen he was prepared for col- 
 lege, but, being young, waited a year and then entered Yale 
 College, from which he graduated in 1844. He became a 
 member of the Phi Beta Kappa Literary Society. He then 
 returned to Cape May and studied medicine under his father 
 and Dr. Edmund L. B. Wales, of Tuckahoe. In 1846 he 
 received the degree of M. D. from the University of Mary- 
 land, at Baltimore. He then settled in Gloucester county, 
 Va., and practiced three years, and then, in 1849, removed to 
 Cold Spring, and took up his father's practice, where he re- 
 sided until 1876, when he removed to Cape May City. Fie 
 \vas a charter member of Cape Island Lodge, F. and A. M., 
 organized in 1866. He became a member of Cold Spring 
 Church in 1840, and has been an elder for thirty-five years. 
 He is a member of the firm of Marcy & Marcy, druggists. 
 
 In the summer of 1876 ten commissioners of the Meth- 
 odist Church South and Methodist Church North met at 
 Cape May City to settle on a basis of fraternal union between 
 the two organizations, which had been divided by the Civil 
 War, and they originated a plan which was subsequently 
 agreed upon by the two bodies. 
 
 On June 4. 1875, a company of the State National Guard 
 was organized in Cape May City, which was known as Com- 
 panv H, Sixth Regiment, until it was disbanded in May 16, 
 1893. Its membership was composed of residents of all 
 parts of the county. The records of the officers of this com- 
 pany are as follows: 
 
LIKE F()1.I.()WIN(t THI-: KKHKI.LION. 37o 
 
 Captains. 
 George W. Smith — Elected June 4. 1875; commissioned 
 June 22, 1875; promoted major September 21, 1882. 
 
 Christopher S. Magrath— Elected (Jctober 10, 1882; 
 commissioned January 23. 1883; resigned January 15, 1884; 
 afterwards became adjutant of the regiment. 
 
 Edwin P. Clark — Elected April 17, 1884: commissioned 
 May 20, 1884; resigned March 21, 1885. 
 
 George W. Reeves — Elected July 18, 1885; commissioned 
 September 22, 1885; resigned Eebruary 5, 1889. 
 
 Herbert W. Edmunds— Elected March 14, 1889; commis- 
 sioned April 19, 1889; resigned September 30, 1890. 
 
 H. Freeman Douglass — Elected February 9. 1891; com- 
 missioned May 2, 1 891 ; retired May 16. 1893. 
 First Lietitenants. 
 
 Christopher S. Magrath — Elected June 4, 1875; commis- 
 sioned June 22, 1875; elected captain October 10, 1882. 
 
 ^^'illiam Farrow— Elected October 10, 1882; commis- 
 sioned January 23, 1883; resigned April 24, 1884. 
 
 James T. Bailey — Elected July 4, 1884; commissioned 
 August 5, 1884; resigned March 21, 1885. 
 
 Robert C. Hill— Elected July 18, 1885; commissioned 
 September 22, 1885; resigned January 24, 1888. 
 
 Herbert W. Edmunds — Elected Alarch 26, 1888; commis- 
 sioned April 24, 1888; elected captain March 14, 1889. 
 
 H. Freeman Douglass — Elected April 13, 1889; commis- 
 sioned August 20, 1889; elected captain February 9, 1891. 
 
 James f. Bailey — Elected February 9. 1891; commis- 
 sioned May 2, 1891; retired May 16, 1893. 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 John Henry Farrow — Elected June 4, 1875; commis- 
 sioned June 22, 1875: resigned December 25. 1877. 
 
 William Farrow— Elected February 4. 1878; commis- 
 sioned May 2. 1878: elected first lieutenant October 10, 1882. 
 
 Edwin P. Clark— Elected October 10. 1882; commis- 
 sioned January 23, 1883; elected captain April 17, 1884. 
 
 Charles G. Clark— Elected April 17, 1884: commissioned 
 Mav 20, 1884; resigned March 21, 1885. 
 
 James T. Bailey— Elected March 24, 1886; commis- 
 
874 HISTOKY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 sioned April 29, 1886; elected first lieutenant February 9, 
 189T. 
 
 William F. Williams— Elected February 9, 1891; com- 
 missioned May 2, 1891; retired May 16, 1893. 
 
CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 FIFTEEN YEARS OF riiOSPERITY. 
 In 1876 William Doolittle, of Ocean View; W. Y. L. Seig- 
 xnan. of Cape May City; Dr. John Wiley, of Court House, 
 -and Downs Edmunds, of Lower township, were appointed by 
 the State Centennial Commission as a local conmiittee to 
 .•gather agricultural and horticultural specimens from Cape 
 May county for exhibition at the Centennial Exposition, 
 .'held that year in Philadelphia. They asked the Board of 
 Freeholders for one hundred dollars, with which to accom- 
 plish their purpose. It was refused, and Cape ]\Iay was, 
 therefore, not represented olificially. 
 
 In 1876, '■/'/ and '78 William T. Stevens, of Cape May 
 City, was the member of the Assembly. He was born in 
 Lower township on November 13, 1841, and was a great 
 grandson of Henry Stevens and of Henry Young Town- 
 send, both captains in the Revolution, and a grandson of 
 Joshua Townsend, lieutenant in the War of 18 12, and after- 
 wards a member of both branches of the Legislature. He 
 •obtained his education in the public schools and under Rev. 
 .Moses Williamson and James R. Hughes. He served in 
 -"Company F, Twenty-fifth Regiment, during the Civil War, 
 and, after being mustered out, as a recruiting officer. Hav- 
 ing learned the carpeenter's trade, he was employed after 
 the war in the rebuilding of light houses in the South. In 
 T871 and '72, and again from 1886 to 1892, he was a member 
 •of the City Council of Cape May City. In 1888 he was 
 ■president of the body. He v»as a member of the L'.oard of 
 Freeholders from 1893 to 1896, and was chosen in 1897 for 
 :an additional term of three years. He has been building 
 inspector of Cape May City for two years. In politics he 
 has always been a Republican. He is a deacon of the Bap- 
 tist Church, with which he united when a young man. 
 
 In 1877 William Hildreth, of Court House, was appointed 
 
376 
 
 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 surrogate to succeed Dr. Jonathan F. Learning, who re- 
 signed. He was that year elected for five years, and has. 
 been three times re-elected, holding the office at the pres- 
 ent time. He is a son of Joshua Hildreth, who was born 
 in 1774 and died in 1859, and who was a judge of the 
 Court of Common Pleas. Surrogate Hildreth is also a 
 grandson of John Dickinson, colonel of the Cape May- 
 regiment in the War of 18 12. He was born at Court House 
 on June 10, 1828. He was first chosen assessor of Middle 
 township. 
 
 WILLIAM T. WTKVKNS. 
 
 On ]\Iarch 26, 1878, a part of ^Maurice River township> 
 was set over into Cape May county by act of the Legislature, 
 The new boundaries were as follov.'s: Beginning at a stone- 
 on the old Cape road, on the division line between Cape 
 May and Cumberland, thence along the several courses of 
 the said Cape Road to the intersection with the Dorchester 
 and Estelleville road. Following that highway to the Cum- 
 berland and Tuckahoe road, the line ran thence along said 
 road to a point on Hunter's ^lill Dam in the Cumberland 
 and Atlantic line, thence along the latter line to the terminus 
 of the present Cumberland and Cape May line, thence to be- 
 ginning. This land was made a part of Upper township. 
 
FIFTEEN YEARS OF ruOSI'EKITY. 377 
 
 In 1879 Ocean City, on Peck's Beach, the most northerly 
 in Cape May cotmty, was founded by three brotheis, Samuel 
 Wesley Lake, James E. Lake and Ezra B. Lake, all min- 
 isters of the Methodist Episcopal Church. During- that 
 summer, while sailing across Great Egg Harbor Bay, they 
 conceived the idea of selecting the place as a Methodist and 
 temperance resort. In October, that year, the Ocean City 
 Association was formed. In February following, William 
 Lake, another brother, made survey, and in May an auction 
 was held. The next year a postof^ce was established there, 
 with Rev. W. H. Burrell as postmaster. 
 
 In 1877 William H. Benezet, of Court House, was chosen 
 sheriff, serving three years. In 1883 he was again elected 
 sherifY, and served as such until he died, in 1886. He was a 
 descendant of Anthony Benezet, the famous Philadelphia 
 philanthropist, who lived there before the Revolution. He 
 was born at Court House on March 27, 1841, where he ob- 
 tained his education. He was apprenticed to a carriage 
 builder and learned that trade. He afterwards became a 
 shoe merchant at Court House. After his second election as 
 sheriff he removed to Cape May City, and opened a shoe 
 store there. He died August 10, 1886, at Cape May City. 
 
 By the census of 1880 the population of th& county was 
 9765, of which 570 were colored persons. The number of 
 males living in the county over twenty-one years of age 
 were: Native white, 2465; foreign white, loi ; colored, 144. 
 The population was divided among the political divisions 
 as follows: Cape May City, 1699; Cape May Point, 198; 
 Dennis township. 1812: Lower, 1779; Middle, 2575, and 
 Upper, 1702. The population of the villages reported were: 
 Court House, 570; Dyers (Dias Creek), 356; Goshen, 464; 
 Green Creek, 362; Mayville, 273; Rio Grande, 241; Towns- 
 end Inlet, 309. 
 
 Waters Burrows ]\Iiller, vvdio was State Senator from 1880 
 to 1886, and was the ninth and eleventh mayor of Cape Is- 
 land, was born in Gloucester county, N. J., in 1824, and, 
 when eleven years of age, his father, Jonas Miller, a prom- 
 inent hotel man of his day. and who, as proprietor of Con- 
 gress Hall, entertained President Buchanan when that dis- 
 
378 
 
 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 tinguished official visited Cape May, moved with his fam- 
 ily to Cape Island, where young "Burr," as he was famil- 
 iarly called, grew up. Miller, as soon as he was old enough, 
 began his life as a partner with his father in the manage- 
 ment of Congress Hall, which was a most famous place in its 
 day, being known in almost every part of America. His 
 sister. Miss Pauline, married Jacob Frank Cake, who after- 
 ward became famous as a Congress Hall and Stockton Ho- 
 
 wATKvis B. MI!. I. in;, 
 who entertained both Grant and Arthur, and 
 
 tel p oprietoi 
 
 num.-.-ous Cabinet officers and statesmen. A^ter Mr. Cake's 
 
 death ?.!"S. Cake continued to manage Congress Hall. 
 
 When il;? city cf Cape Island was made a municipality, 
 he was elected ?A its first election, in March, 185 1, the first 
 alderman of the c.:y, and for the forty years succeeding was 
 one of the forem^ost citizens, not only of the city, but of the 
 county and State. 
 
FIFTEEN YEARS OF rilOSPEKlTV. 379 
 
 In the fall of 1852 Mr. Miller was elected a member of 
 Tthe New jersey Assembly, and served in the seventy-seventh 
 Legislature. In 1854 the people of this city elected him a 
 member of the Board of Chosen Freeholders, and he was 
 successively re-elected in 1855. 1856, 1857. 1858, 1859, i860 
 and 1 86 1, and, after being out a year, was again elected to 
 the same office in 1863. In 1865 he was elected a member 
 of the City Council for one year, and again made a member 
 of the Board of Freeholders in 1866 and 1868. 
 
 In March, 1869, he was elected mayor of the city for a 
 term of two years. In 187 1 he was a candidate for the office, 
 but was defeated by Mayor Joseph Ware by a few votes, two 
 other candidates, Messrs. Richard R. Thompson and Joseph 
 O. Williams, being in the field and dividing the vote. But 
 in 1873 Mr. Miller was again a candidate and elected for a 
 two-vear term. He was again, in 1878 and 1879, made a 
 member of the Board of Freeholders. He was a leading 
 Democrat of the county, and was a power in politics. He 
 tried five times to get into the State Senate, being success- 
 ful twice. He made his first trial in 1855, and was defeated 
 by Jesse Diverty, Know Nothing, afterwards a leading Dem- 
 ocrat and judge of the county courts. He tried for the place 
 again in 1873, and was defeated by Senator Richard S. 
 Leaming. Not discouraged, he was again made the Demo- 
 cratic nominee in 1879. and was successful, defeating his 
 former opponent, Senator Leaming, being the second Dem- 
 ocrat elected to the Senate from the county. He was re- 
 elected in 1882 for three more years. In 1891 he was de- 
 feated in the convention by one vote by Lemuel E. ]\Iiller, 
 who was elected. 
 
 When the Cape May and Millville Railroad, now the West 
 Jersey, was being built to Cape May, its projcctiiMi seemed 
 to be'a failure, when, by mortgaging his property, he aided 
 materially in its completion to this city. 
 
 In 1886 he was the originator of the first electric light 
 company in this county. He was largely instrumental in 
 the securing of the Cape May City charter of 1875. He was 
 postmaster of Cape May City from March 12 to April 16, 
 In il 
 
380 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 He has three sons, Richard T. Miller, appellate judge of 
 the New Jersey Supreme Court; Jonas S. ]\Iiller, prosecutor 
 of the pleas in Cape May county, and Lafayette Miller. He 
 died at Cape May in September, 1892. 
 
 Richard T. Miller, his son, was born in Cape May City 
 December 16, 1845. ^^^ studied law with Thomas P. Car- 
 penter, then a justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. 
 He was admitted to the bar as an attorney in 1867 and as 
 counsellor in 1870. He was city solicitor of Cape May ia 
 1869 and 1870, and again from 1890 to 1893. He was dis- 
 trict court judge of Camden city from March 3, 1877, to- 
 July II, 1888, and was prosecutor of the pleas for Cape May 
 county from 1889 to 1892. On April i, 1892, he was made 
 president judge of the Camden County Common Pleas and 
 resigned from that position on March 11, 1893, to go on the 
 Circuit Court bench of the New Jersey Supreme Court, to-' 
 which he had been appointed b}' Governor Werts for a 
 term of seven years, which will expire in 1900. In politics 
 he is a Democrat. 
 
 Jesse D. Ludlam, who was elected Assemblyman in 1879^ 
 and who served in the Assembly in 1880, 1883, 1884 and 
 1885, was a grandson of Henry Swain, who, with Joshua 
 Swain, patented the centre-board in 181 1. He was born 
 at Dennisville, February 28, 1840. He was educated in the 
 public schools and at Pennington Seminary. He was for 
 ten years a member of the Dennis Township Committee, . 
 and for live years its chairman. He was a member of the 
 Board of Freeholders from Dennis township from 1881 to 
 1884. He served for manv vears on the School Board. He 
 is engaged in farming and in selling and shipping cedar. In.. 
 1890 Governor Abbett appointed him a judge of the Court 
 of Common Pleas, and he served as such until 1896, wherr 
 the law was passed reducing the number to one law judge. 
 In politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 Remington Corson, of South Seaville, was sheriff from 
 1880 to 1883, was born about 1846 and died at his home at 
 South Seaville on April 21. 1894, aged 48 years. He held 
 township offices and postmaster at South Seaville, where he 
 was a leading merchant from 1867 to 1881, and from 1889 
 
FIFTEEN YEARS OF I'ltOSPEniTY. 3«1 
 
 to 1893. He was a member of Calvary Baptist Church. 
 His father. Baker Corson, also postmaster from 1881 to 
 1885, died one day before Remington — on April 20, 1894, 
 ao-ed 78 years. He was for forty years a member of Cal- 
 vary Baptist Church. He was formerly a sea captain and 
 merchant. 
 
 The third newspaper established in the county was the 
 "Cape May County Gazette," which was prmted at Cape 
 May Court liouse. The first number appeared on March 6, 
 1880. It was and still remains a weekly. The first issue 
 -contained four pages, each 15 b} 21 inches. It was issued 
 
 ^(^ 
 
 AI-FRED COOI'EK. 
 
 by Alfred Cooper, who is still its publisher. Alfred Cooper 
 is a son of George B. Cooper, of Cumberland county, who 
 was a clerk of the New Jersey Assembly in 1865 and 1866. 
 He was born at Kinderhook, N. Y., September 6, 1859. He 
 obtained his education in Millville, N. J.; Valatia, N. Y., 
 and at Pierce's Business College, Philadelphia. After grad- 
 uating he learned the printer's trade at Millville, where he 
 remained until establishing the "Gazette." Since 1890 he 
 hts been on the Count Board of Elections. In politics he 
 is a Republican. 
 
 On January 3, 1881. Thaddeus Van Gilder, of Petersburg, 
 
382 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COIXTV. 
 
 died. He was one of the most noted merchants in the 
 county. He was born April 6, 1830. He conducted a 
 ship-building business and had hundreds of men chopping" 
 and shipping wood. 
 
 During the session of our Legislature of [881 a bill was 
 passed entitled "An act to encourage the manufacture of su- 
 gar in the State of New Jersey." This act provided that a, 
 bounty of one dollar per ton could be paid by the State to 
 the farmer for each ton of material out of which crystallized 
 cane sugar was actually obtained ; it provided also a bounty 
 of one cent per pound to the manufacturer for each pound 
 of cane sugar made from such materials. After the passage 
 of this act, the Senate requested the Agricultural College to 
 experiment on the sorghum plant in order to further its 
 cultivation by the farmers of this State. 
 
 Mr. Hilgert, an enterprising business man of Philadelphia, 
 member of the firm J. Hilgert's Sons, sugar refiners, built 
 and fitted up an extensive sugar house at an expense of at 
 least $60,000 at Rio Grande. This house during the first 
 fall worked the cane of about 700 acres. The product of 
 crystallized sugar was. sold to refiners at seven and eight 
 cents per pound. The yield, though not as large as ex- 
 pected, was regarded as satisfactory. The farmers of that 
 section who calculated on an average yield of ten tons of 
 cane and thirty bushels of seed were disappointed, the av- 
 erage yield per acre being about five tons of cane and twenty 
 bushels of seed, which sold readily for sixty-five cents per 
 bushel. Lemuel E. Miller, who was perhaps the largest 
 cane grower on the cape, raised, on 120 acres, 641 tons of 
 cane and 2500 bushels of seed. The total amount realized 
 by him is reported to be $3648. The cost of growing this 
 crop is not known at present, but the reported cost for Iowa 
 in the year 1873, is, exclusive of fertilizers, $12.50 per acre. 
 
 The'bounties offered for the production of sorghum cane 
 and sugar encouraged the Rio Grande Sugar Company, 
 which had succeeded the Hilgerts, to invest large sums, and 
 in the purchase of lands upon which to grow sugar cane. 
 This enterprise was continued until 1885. Good crops were 
 grown and much sugar made. The difficulties in establishing 
 a new business was fairly overcome. The ruinously low 
 
FIFTEEN YEARS OF rUUSrEKli'V. 383 
 
 prices of sugar in the latter years, however, took away all 
 chances of profit in a mill which, at the best, could express 
 only half the sugar in the cane. The process of diffusion, 
 or soaking out the sugar by water, was tried upon a large 
 scale, but .ii'ticulties incident to a new busiiuss delayed the 
 realizarc:: of the hopes of the company, and work by the 
 Rio Grande Sugar Company ended with 1886. The boun- 
 ties offered by the State ended with 1885. The whole 
 amount of bounties pakl to encourage this industry was 
 
 Henry A. Hughes, of Cape jMay City, who had been the 
 superintendent of the works from the beginning, and who 
 was largely interested in overcoming the difficulties experi- 
 enced in tiie above enterprise, at the beginning of 1887 or- 
 ganized the Hughes Sugar Company, and, with the assist- 
 ance of the United States Department of Agriculture, built 
 and equipped a small sugar house, to work fifteen or twenty 
 tons of cane per day. The machinery in the hcuse was 
 mainly of his own invention, and included machines for 
 topping, stripping and shredding the cane, and for extract- 
 ing the sugar by diffusion. The results of the work in 1887 
 were, in many respects, satisfactory, and the experience 
 gained showed where and how many savings of time, labor 
 and expense could be made. 
 
 At the beginning of 1888 numerous changes were planned 
 so as to produce effective work, and a large sum of money 
 was appropriated by the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment 
 Station to carry them into operation. But these plans for 
 the expenditure of the money were not carried through. 
 
 The United States Government latterly assisted, but in 
 1890 the attempt to raise sorghum cane was abandoned. 
 
 Henry A. Hughes was a grandson of Captain Humphrey 
 Hughes, of the War of 1812. He was for years an employe 
 of Edward C. Knight in the Philadelphia Sugar Refinery. 
 Rev. Edward Patrick Shields was appointed county super- 
 intendent of public schools in 1881 to succeed Dr. Maurice 
 Becslev, who had resigned. 
 
 Edward Patrick Shields, D. D., was born August 31, 1833, 
 al- New Albany, Ind., and was the third son of Henry B. and 
 Joanna D. Shields. He joined the Presbyterian Church 
 
38i HISTOUY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 there on profession of faith in 1849, i" the sixteenth year of 
 his age. He received an academical training at New Al- 
 bany in an eight years' course of superior schooling in the 
 classical institute. From 1848 he was employed in a 
 wholesale hardware store in Louisville, Ky., remaining three 
 years. He graduated at Miami University, at Oxford, C, 
 in 1854, during the presidency of Rev. \\'illiam C. Ander- 
 son, D. D. 
 
 He then took a three years' course (1854-57) in the New 
 Albany Theological Seminary, now the McCorm.ick Sem- 
 inary, at Chicago, 111. Another year was added in theology 
 with the class which graduated at Princeton Theological 
 Seminary in April, 1858. He served as a stated siipply oi 
 the Presbyterian Church at Bloomington, Ind., in 1856, 
 while his studies at New Albany were in progress. He was 
 ordained a minister of the gospel in the Presbyterian denom- 
 ination by the Presbytery of West Jersey, at Pittsgrove, N. 
 J., June 2, 1858. He was settled over the church there from 
 1858 to 1870. During this time a very handsome brick 
 church was erected by the congregation at a cost of $25,000. 
 He removed on January i, 1871, to Cape May City, and was 
 installed pastor over the Presbyterian Church, where he re- 
 mained until March i, 1884, the longest pastorate in the his- 
 tory of the county of Cape May, with the exception of the 
 very long pastorate of Rev. Moses Williamson, at Cold 
 Spring, viz., forty-six years. 
 
 He was called to the pastorate of the Presbyterian Church 
 at Bristol, Pa., being installed May i, 1884, where he re- 
 mained until 1897, when he resigned. His three pastorates 
 averaged thirteen years. He received the honorary degree 
 of D. D. from Miami University, his alma mater, in 1887. 
 
 He served a full three years' term as superintendent of 
 public instruction in Cape May county from 188 1 to 1884. 
 by appointment of the State Board of Education. His re- 
 moval to Pennsylvania required a change in the office. 
 
 Furman L. Richardson, who served in the Assembly from 
 188 1 to 1883, was born in Middle township February 23. 
 1842. He is a grandson of Aaron Learning, who was sher- 
 iff of the county from 1812 to 1815. He attended the pub- 
 lic schools at Rio Grande. In 187- he entered into the gro- 
 
iMi"n:K.\ VEAKs oi- ri;(_»si']:kriY. sso 
 
 •eery and provision business with J. Henry Farrow under 
 the firm name of Richardson & Farrow, which continued 
 until Mr. Farrow died, in 18S3. Fie served in the Cape May 
 City Council in 1875 and 1876, and was treasurer in 1879 
 and 1880. After serving in the Assembly in 1881 and 1882, 
 he was sergeant-at-arms of the State Senate in 1887 and 1888. 
 In 1889 he was appointed postmaster of Cape Mav City and 
 served five years. He has for several years past conducted 
 summer hotels. In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 The fourth newspaper, a weekly, established in Cape May 
 county was the" Ocean City Sentinel," first issued at Ocean 
 City on April 21, 1881, by W. H. Boyle & Bros. In 1885 
 this paper was purchased by R. Curtis Robinson and W. H. 
 Fenton, but a couple of years later Mr. Robinson purchased 
 Mr. Fenton's interest and has since been sole proprivitor. 
 
 R. Curtis Robinson was born in Atlantic county in 1862. 
 At sixteen years of age he entered a wholesale dry goods 
 house in Philadelphia. Finding this distasteful, he engaged 
 to learn the printing business in the "Banner" olifice, Bev- 
 erly, N. J. Shortly after he became connected with the "At- 
 lantic Review." of Atlantic City, where he remained six 
 years. During this time he was also editor of the "May's 
 Landing Record" and associate editor of the Philadelphia 
 publication, "Over the Mountains and Down by the Sea." 
 In 1885 he removed to Ocean City. In 1888 he was a 
 member of the Board of Freeholders from Ocean City. He 
 was postmaster there from 1889 to 1893. 
 
 In 1882 the town of Sea Isle City, on Ludlam's Beach, 
 which had been founded by Charles K. Landis, had grown 
 large enough to have a post-ofifice established there on June 
 20, with George Whitney as postmaster. In 1883 another 
 postoffice was established at Anglesea, a new town on the 
 north end of Five-Mile Beach. A week later an office was 
 established at Holly Beach, which had been founded on the 
 south end of the same beach. 
 
 President Arthur visited Cape May City in the Summer of 
 1883. With a party of friends, he arrived at the steamboat 
 landing at Cape May Point on Monday, July 23, at 1 1 
 o'clock in the morning. He had come there on the o-qv- 
 
386 IIISTOKY <JF ("ATE .MAY CUTNTV. 
 
 ernment steamer "Dispatch." He was received there b>' 
 United States Marshal McMichael, of Washington; Colonel 
 Henry W. Sawyer and J. Frank Cake, proprietor of the 
 Stockton Hotel. They were conveyed by carriage alon^ 
 the. ocean front to the hotel, where, as they entered, Simon 
 Hassler's orchestra and the Weccacoe Band played "Hail 
 to the Chief." In the afternoon the President was driven 
 over the town. In the evening a reception was given to 
 Mayor Melvin and Council, followed by a banquet and ball 
 at the Stockton, in honor of the President. At 9 o'clock 
 President Arthur appeared, with United States Marshals 
 William H. Kern, of Philadelphia, and McMichael, of Wash- 
 ing to, leading the way. During the evening President Ar- 
 thur shook the hands of over 2500 persons. 
 
 The President left about 12 o'clock at night, amid a grand 
 display of fireworks, and was rowed through the billows in. 
 the surfboat, manned by tlie crew of Life Saving Station No. 
 39, to the "Dispatch," which had then steamed around im; 
 front of the city. 
 
 In 1884 West Cape May was created a borough out of 
 Lower township, and has remained a political division ever 
 since. In 1885 Holly Beach, on the south end of Five-Miie 
 Beach, and Anglesea, on the north end of the same beach, 
 were made bor oughs. 
 
 In 1884 Vincent O. Miller, of Dennisville, was appointed 
 County Superintendent of Public Instruction, to succeed Rev. 
 Edward P. Shields. He was born at Goshen on May 5, 
 1852. He attended the public schools at Goshen and at 
 Bridgeton, N. J., finishing his education at Fort Edward 
 Collegiate Institute, Fort Edwards, N. Y., in 1870. He 
 taught in the public schools of Cape May county for sixteen 
 years. On June 26, 1883, he was appointed county superin- 
 tendent, and held that position until September 29, 1896. 
 He also held other local offices. He is engaged at present 
 in manufacturing fertilizers and in sawing and selling cedar 
 lumber. 
 
 By the census of 1885 there were io,744 persons living in 
 the county, of which 9856 were white natives, 591 colored 
 and 297 white foreign born. The population of the polit- 
 ical divisions of the county were as follows: 
 
FlFTi:i:.\ YEARS O!" 1 L.( (Sl'Kltl'r V. 387' 
 
 Cape May City, 1610; Cape ]\lay Point, 200; Dennis town- 
 ship. 1770; Holly lleacli, 210: l.ower township, 1208; Mid- 
 dle township. 2605; ( )cean City. 465; Sea Isle City, 558; 
 Upper township. i=;oo: West C^ane Maw 618. The villages 
 had the following nuniber of residents: ( )eean \'iew, 191; 
 South Seaville. ^eS; Xcrth DcniiisA'ille. ^187; Sor.tli Deiniis, 
 308: East Creek, 1 1 1. and West Creek. 175. 
 
 In 1885 the Cape May County Medical Society was organ- 
 ized, and during the same year West Cape May was cre- 
 ated a liorougii out of Lc-wcr teA-.TisIiii!. 
 
 During this year Ludlam's Beach Lighthouse was built 
 at Sea Isle Cit\ , its latitude l^eing 39°09'42'' north, and 
 longitude 74^41 '05" west from Wasldngton. The light 
 flashes white ever}- quarter minute, and is of the fourth or- 
 der. The light stands 36 feet above mean high water, and is 
 visible a distance of ii| miles. 
 
 Joseph H. Hanes, who was elected Senator in the fall of 
 
 1885, was born at W oodstown. Salem county, on September 
 20, 1845. He learned the blacksmith trade when young and 
 subsecjuently became a successful contractor. He served 
 nine years in the Cape May City Council, from 1878, and 
 was president of that body during the first three years of his 
 service. He s£rved in the Senate during the sessions of 
 
 1886, 1887 and 1888. In 1895 he was again elected to 
 Council for three years, but resigned after a month's ser- 
 vice, owing to the pressure of his private business. In 
 politics he is a Republican. 
 
 Alvin P. Hildreth, who this same year was elected to 
 the Assembly, was born at Cold Spring, June 13, 1830. He 
 attended the public schools, and then attended a private 
 academy in Central Pennsylvania, and during the years 
 1846-7 and 1847-8 was a student in Yale College. Owing 
 to ill health he returned home and subsequently taught 
 school. In private life he was connected with many large 
 hotels afterwards in Cape May, Philadelphia and Wash- 
 ington. He was city clerk of Cape Island in 1856 and 
 1857 and served in the City Council from 1859 to 1863. 
 He was assessor from 1859 to 1873, '^^^^ ^ member of the 
 Board of Freeholders from Cape May City from 1880 to 
 
388 
 
 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 1886. He served in tlie Assembl) in the sessions of 1886 
 and 1887. He was appointed a Riparian Commissioner of 
 the State in 1892 and served two ytars. For several years 
 he has been a member of the Democratic State Committee. 
 In 1886 the fifth newspaper estaljhshed in the county was 
 the "Cape IMay County Times." pubhshed by Thomas E. 
 Ludlam, at Sea Isle City. It contained four pages, size 15X 
 21 inches. He continues to be its publisher. Thomas E. 
 Ludlam was born at Dennisville, on January 30, 1855. He 
 obtained his education there. [■( r eiL^ht vears he taught 
 
 illU-MAS JC. LriU.A.M. 
 
 school in different sections of the count\-, and then removed 
 to Sea Isle City, and at its first election, in 1882, was made 
 a member of the Board of Freeholders. He was six years 
 agent of the West Jersey Railroad at Sea Isle City, and 
 from 1884 to 1896 Ma}-or of tlie l^orough. He was inter- 
 ested in the formation of the 'SI. E. Church there and has 
 for a number of years been on the Board of Education, be- 
 ing now its president. As a real estate dealer he was largely 
 instrumental in the development of Sea Isle City. He is a 
 director of the South Jersey Railroad. 
 
FII"ri:K.\ Y!:AIJS (*!' ViiO'I-IMUTY. 38» 
 
 In 1886 postoffices were estal)li>licfl at lUnieigh (formerly 
 Mayville), and at Clerm.>nt. 
 
 The valuation of rjal a.ui i.ersoiial prt^perty as assessed 
 in the county in 1887 was as follows: Upper, $456,740; 
 Dennis, $416,215; Middle, $614,125; Lower, $259,850; Cape 
 May City, $1,700,000: Cape May Point, $200,000; West 
 Cape May, $133430: Anglesea, $150,000: Sea Isle City, 
 $237,365; Ocean City. $200,073: Holly Beach, $175,000; 
 total, $4,542,798. 
 
 On July 9, 1888, a postof^ce was established at Avalon, 
 a newly laid-out town on the north end of Seven-Mile Beach, 
 and in September, 1889, one established at the new town of 
 Wildwood on the centre portion of Five-Mile Beach. In 
 June, 1890, the office at Marmora was opened. 
 
 On September 5. 1888, the people voted upon the ques- 
 tion of "local option," or for and against the granting li- 
 cense for the sale of liquor as a beverage. The following 
 townships and boroughs voted for granting licenses: Sea 
 Isle City, Cape May City, Holly Beach, Anglesea, Middle, 
 Upper and Lower. Those voting against were: West Cape 
 May, Ocean City, Dennis and Cape May Point. The com- 
 bined majority in the county for license was 222. This was 
 the only time in the history of the county when the ques- 
 tion was decided by ballot. 
 
 The 175th anniversary of the founding of the Cold Spring 
 Presbyterian Church was celebrated in 1889. Rev. Daniel 
 L. Hughes, D. D.. read the historical address. 
 
 In 1888 Dr. Walter S. Leaming was elected State Sena- 
 tor. He is a son of Dr. Jonathan F. Leaming, who twice 
 had been State Senator. He was 1)orn at Seaville on March 
 4, 1854, and there passed his 'hoyhood days. For a time he 
 was a law clerk in New York city. In 1867 his father re- 
 moved to Court House. After that time the Doctor attend- 
 ed the Mayville Academy. Fle entered the Pennsylvania 
 College of' Dental Surgery in 1876, graduating two years 
 later with honors. Later on he entered Jefferson Medical 
 College, Philadelphia, and was graduated as M. D. in 1881. 
 He became a partner of his father and remained so until 
 moving to Cape ^lay City in ]89i, where he still practices 
 
:390 
 
 HISTORY OF CATE MAY COUNTY 
 
 dentistry. In 1887 he was elected to the Assembly and 
 :served in the session of 1888. 
 
 It was during this session of the House that in a speech, 
 ably made, he broke the then prevailing political Republican 
 combination, and succeeded in electing Colonel Henry W. 
 Sawyer Sinking Funk Commissioner of the State. 
 
 That year he was chosen Senator, and served three years in 
 the upper house. In 1891 he was the Republican caucus 
 jiominee for President of the Senate, receiving the full Re- 
 
 DK. WALTER S. LEAMINCJ. 
 
 publican vote. In 1895 he was elected a member of the 
 Cape May City Council for three years, during all of which 
 time he was president of the body. In politics he is a Re- 
 publican, and in religion a Baptist. 
 
 Eugene Conrad Cole, who was Assemblyman in the ses- 
 sions of 1889, 1890, and 1891. was born at Seaville, June 23, 
 1 85 1. He was of Revolutionary stock, and his ancestors 
 were Massachusetts people, and was also a direct maternal 
 descendant of Henry Young, surrogate and surveyor-gen- 
 eral of the county in the last century. He was educated in 
 the public schools, and studied military tactics at West 
 Point in 1869. In 1871 he began teaching school, and 
 
i"ii"rKi:.\ ^iiAKS (»y riinsi'i^urrv. 
 
 391 
 
 ■.taught until about 1894. irle was for years up to 1897 a 
 county examiner. He was admitted to the bar in 1886. He 
 was Coroner of the cinuity from 1881 to 1884, ^"<^1 ^^'^s a 
 Justice of the Peace for several years. In politics he is a 
 Republican, but not a partisan, and one in whom men of 
 every party have confidence. 
 
 Charles E. Nichols, of Court House, who was Sheriff 
 from 1889 to 1893. was born at Kingston, New Hampshire, 
 ©n August 27, 1849. I^'s forefathers fought in the Revolu- 
 tion. For a time he attended school there, and later at 
 Oswego, New York. h\:)r two years he was a drug clerk in 
 the latter place. In 1865, when sixteen, he came to Cape 
 
 KrUKNJC ('. COT.K. 
 
 l^Iay Court House, where he has since resided. He com- 
 pleted his education at Mayville Academy. In 1885 he was 
 appointed postmaster by President Cleveland, and served 
 tmtil 1889, ^vhen he was elected Sheriff. In 1893 lie was 
 again appointed postmaster by President Cleveland. He 
 lias been a Justice of the Peace for several years. He is a 
 Democrat politically. For thirty-two years he has been a 
 member of the Baptist Church, twelve years of which time 
 he has been a teacher in the Sundav school. 
 
 The condition of the county in 1890 was prosperous. Itsto- 
 i:al debt was $7000, which had been incurred three years be- 
 
3j2 history of cape M.W cor.VTY. 
 
 fore in the building of a new almshouse, which cost $10,000.. 
 The population of the county was 11,268, divided as follows: 
 Anglesea, 161; Cape May City, 2136; Cape May Point, 167; 
 Dennis township, 1707; Holly Beach, 217; Lower, 1156; 
 Middle, 2368; Ocean City, 452; Sea Isle City, 766; Upper, 
 1381; West Cape May, 757. The number of farms were 
 505; area of farms, 47,066 acres; area of improved land, 
 26,491 acres; imimproved, 20,575 acres; value of farms, in- 
 cluding lands, fences and buildings, $1,312,530; value of im- 
 plements and machinery, v$68,33o; value of live stock, $141,- 
 580; value of farm products, $235,800. 
 
 In June, 1890, the "Five-Mile Beach Journal," at Wild- 
 wood, was first printed by Samuel P. Foster. It contained 
 four pages of six columns each. Mr. Foster published it 
 until the autumn of 1895, when it was sold to Jedediah Du 
 Bois, who continues to publish it. 
 
CHAPTER XX\I1I. 
 DISTINGUISHED VISITORS. 
 
 Soon after Ca])e Alay Point was established, John \\'i.i'.a- 
 niaker, of Philadelphia, bought properly there and erected 
 a summer residence. When President Harrison wa.^' in- 
 augurated, he appointed Mr. W'anamaker liis Postmaster- 
 General. They became warm friends. During a few weeks 
 in June, 1889, ]\Irs. Harrison and the family w'ere guests of 
 the Wanamaker cottage, and liking Cape May well, she so 
 expressed herself. The President also uaid one visit. Dur- 
 ing tlie winter of 1889-1890 the friends of the President 
 built a handsome $10,000 summer cottage, and through 
 Postmaster-General Wanamaker and William V. McKean, 
 editor of the Philadelphia "Public Ledger," presented the 
 cottage to ]^Irs. President Harrison, by handing her the 
 deed and keys in the White House, at Washington, on 
 June ^, 1890. In three weeks the family took possession, 
 where they resided from June 20 until August 28. The 
 President passed, about four weeks of the season with his 
 family. 
 
 Hon. James G. Blaine, the Secretary of State of Presidents 
 Garfield and Harrison, visited the Cape during the summer. 
 General William Tecum; tli Sherman visited his daughter, 
 who resided in a Columbia avenue cottage. 
 
 On the 24th of August, that day being Sunday, the Presi- 
 dent, accompanied by /.Irs. Harrison and Mrs. Dimmick, 
 his wife's niece, who afterwards became the second Mrs. 
 Harrison, visited the Cold Spring Church for worship. 
 While on their way honie. Coachman William Turner, wlio 
 had grown up in the neighborhood, was directed to drive 
 by the cottage of "Uncle Dan" and "Aunt Judy" Kelly, on 
 tiie "Sumpike," in Lower township, to wdiom the attention 
 of Mrs. Harrison liad been drawn by a photograph she had 
 seen of the aged couple, and the vine clad cottage in which 
 
394 TTISTOny OF CAIi: -MAY (OT'NTY. 
 
 they bad lived for years. Through Mrs. Harrison the Presi- 
 dent became interested, and that occasion was taken for 
 viewing it. 
 
 The carriage drove up to the garden gate and the Presi- 
 dent aHghted and entered. Aunt Judy, who was asleep in- 
 side the cottage, was aroused, and President Harrison re- 
 quested a drink of water, which was furnished clear and 
 cool from t'-'e depths of the old well, and which was drawn 
 up by the "old oaken bucket," hung upon a rope. As he 
 stood drinking Judy's bright eyes watched him closely. As 
 he finished he remarked, "I have a photograph of you and 
 your husband." 
 
 "What might vou name be?" asked Jud 
 
 "I am General Harrison," replied the President. 
 
 "The saints be praised," cried Judy. "I ha.ve lived to see 
 a President and talk to him. Dan'l! Dan'l! Coom out here, 
 old man. Sure an the President has coom to us." 
 
 The old man, who was a cripple, hobbled out, and, drop- 
 ping his hat, seemed too awe-struck at the great honor to 
 talk. Judy, however, had her tongue wagging, and, turn- 
 ing to the President, said: 
 
 "Sure if you have my picter, can't I have one of yourn?" 
 
 "I have no picture of myself with me," answered the 
 President. "But," and his eyes twinkled as he felt in his 
 pocket, and drawing something therefrom, which he handed 
 to Judy, "this is the picture of another President." 
 
 Judy's hand closed over the gift, and she grasped the 
 President's hand, shouting her tlianks as he moved toward 
 his carriage, which he entered with a farewell, lifting his hat, 
 and was whirled out of sight. 
 
 Only then did Judy stop to look at what had been given 
 her, and her surprise and delight can be imagined when she 
 discovered a new and crisp tivc-doUar bill, contaming :he 
 likeness of President Jackson. 
 
 Du: ;rg the summer of 1891 President Harrison and fam- 
 ily again' passed the season at Cape May Point, while the 
 President established his executive office at Congress Hall, 
 in Cape May, wh.ch was open from July 3 until Septem- 
 ber 15. 
 
 The President and family came on July 3 to their cct- 
 
DIS'l'IXCriSHKl) \'ISIT()KS. 395 
 
 ■frage. but the President himself (hd not remain there ail the 
 
 :seascni. I'rom August t8 to 2y he was away at Saratoga, 
 X. V. In the season of 1892 the family did i;ot «jiiie to 
 
 "Cape May Point. That fall Mrs. Harrison died, louring 
 the summer of 1893 General Harrison, who had ci the 4th 
 
 ■of March preceding retired from the 1 'residential chair, 
 passed part of his summer at the cottage, in 1896 he dis- 
 posed of the cottage to a Philadelphian. 
 
 Tn the fall of 1889 Edward L. Rice, son of Leaming M. 
 Rice, who had previously been State Senator, was elected 
 county clerk, to succeed Jonathan Hand, after fifty years 
 of service. Edward L. Rice was born at Dennisville on 
 January 25, 1864. He attended school at Dennisville and at 
 Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J. Before he en- 
 tered college and before reaching his eighteenth year he 
 
 iDegan teaching school. When elected clerk he was prin- 
 cipal of the Cape Mav Citv School. He is a natural ofator, 
 and has written some poetry. In 1894 he was chosen by the 
 people for another term of five years. In politics he is a 
 Democrat. 
 
 The Jewish colony at Woodbine w-as founded in 1891. It 
 was early in the spring of that year that the American trus- 
 tees of the Baron Hirsch Fund closed negotiations by pur- 
 
 'chasing 5100 acres of land in and around Woodbine from 
 Mr. John M. Moore, the Clayton, N. J., glass manufac- 
 turer, for $39,000. Before the purchase was completed the 
 titles were searched back to the days of the "West Jersey 
 
 ..Society." 
 
 In April, 1891, work was conuiienced at the colony. A 
 number of small dwelling houses were erected for the ac- 
 commodation of the men wdio came to the place to clear the 
 land and build homes. A survey of the land w-as made and 
 sixty-two farms of thirty acres each were laid out. These 
 farms are now occupied by as many families. They were 
 sold to the settlers on terms wdiich were extremely liberal, 
 and yet not calculated to make the buyers entirely depen- 
 dent. By the terms of purchase the refugees upon their 
 arrival in this country were l)rought direct to Woodbine and 
 placed on their farms, which were thirty acres each in extent. 
 In August the colonv was settled. To everv family were 
 
39(3 HISTORY OF CAFE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 allotted a neat house, barn and all necessary outbuildings;; 
 one cow, twenty-five chickens, farming implements and 
 seeds. 
 
 Ten acres of the thirty were cleared and ploughed and' 
 sown with rye or wheat. For the farm complete, the trus- 
 tees asked $1200, the cost price. Every settler was given 
 ten years' time in which to pay for his purchase, and in or- 
 • derto give him a start, the fund only required the interest ors 
 the principal to be paid during the first three years. After 
 that time the purchase price was to be paid ofT in yearly pay- 
 ments. 
 
 Immediately after the founding of the colony a large num- 
 ber of refugees were brought to the colony and employed in 
 the large cloak factory the trustees had erected. 
 
 During the summer of 1892 the crops were very large and 
 farming proved a success far beyond all expectations. The- 
 town site was laid ci.: near the depot and within six months 
 thirty-five new hourt:., costing over $50,000, were built and, 
 occupied by those who worked in the cloak factory. x\ new 
 factory for the manufacture of trousers was completed and' 
 the two industries gav'e employment to over five hundred 
 people. 
 
 The management (^ i the colon}- devolved upon Professor 
 H. L. Sabsovich, who is yet superintendent. Professor 
 Sabsovich is a native of Southern Russia and is about forty- 
 seven years of age. His title comes from the "Agricultural' 
 College of Russia,'' of which institute he is a graduate. In 
 1888 he left Russia, en account of aggressive laws with his 
 family and came to New York. Shortly after arriving in 
 America he accepted a position as professor of chemistry in. 
 the Colorado State Experimental College, at Denver, where 
 he remained until he came to Woodbine to superintend the 
 newly-established colony. Within a year nearly seven hun- 
 dred persons settled there. 
 
 In 1 89 1 the Legislature again passed an act changmg 
 Cape May's boundary line, by adding a portion of Maurice- 
 River township, in Cumberland township, to Dennis town- 
 ship. It was during this year that Avalon became a bor- 
 ough. 
 
 The first woman physician to settle in Cape ]\Iay county- 
 
distix(;t'isiii:i> nisituks. 
 
 •591 
 
 was Anna M. Hand, who l)egan the practice of niecHcinc in 
 Cape ^lav City in January, 1892. She was of Revolutionary 
 stock, havin.q- had maternal anrt paternal ancestors in the 
 Revolution. Dr. Hand was Ixirn near Ca])e ]\Iay Court 
 House, where she obta-'ned h.er educatii'U in the public 
 ■schools and with private teachers. This was supplemented 
 by two years of study in the New Jersey State Normal 
 School. After graduating she tau-ht school for seven years 
 in Eastern Pennsylvania. The idea of studying medicine 
 then took hold of her, and she matriculated in the Women's 
 
 .-^)A^ 
 
 Medical College. IMiiladelphia, in 1886, and took an extend- 
 ed or four years' course. Afterwards she took a post grad- 
 uate course in the Philadelphia Polyclinic. Her career of 
 preparation was concluded with nearly two years more of 
 practical experience in the Maternity Hospital and Nur^e 
 School, of Philadelphia. She then settled at Cape May 
 City and acquired a large practice. 
 
 The first move towards establishing a second railroad 
 •through Cape May county was by Logan M. Bullitt, of 
 Philadelphia, and James E. Taylor, of Cape May City. • They 
 ■secured an agreement with the Central Railroad of New Jer- 
 
 A/ 
 
398 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 sey. the Atlantic City Railroad Company and Vineland 
 Railroad Company to operate a proposed road in connec- 
 tion with these companies. On January 14, 1893, a public 
 meeting was held in Hand's Hall. Cape May, which was 
 presided over by James M. E. Hildreth. At that meeting, 
 $5300 was subscribed toward the project. The road was- 
 built from Winslow Junction in Camden count)- to Sea Isle- 
 City, and the first train ran there on July 27, 1893. The 
 next day a regular train service was established. 
 
 On June 23. 1894, the road having been completed from- 
 Tuckahoe to Cape May, the first train arrived with a large 
 party of invited guests, and a public holiday was the conse- 
 quence. In July regular service was established. The 
 road's projectors had had many financial difficulties. It 
 was first known as the Philadelphia and Seashore Railroad, 
 and afterwards reorganized as the South Jersey Railroad. On. 
 August 22 a receiver was appointed for the road, who still 
 manages it. The officers of the company at the time of the 
 appointment of the receiver were: William S. Fox, president - 
 Logan M. Bullitt, vice-president; Thomas H. Willson, sec- 
 retary; Thomas Robb, James E. Taylor, Charles K. Landis, 
 J. H. Wheeler. James M. E. Hildreth, Morris Boney, 
 Thomas E. Ludlam, John Halpin, H. W. Sawyer, Edward 
 A. Tennis, Dr. James Mecray and Dr. Y. M. D. Marcy. 
 
 Logan M. Bullitt is a son of John C. Bullitt,, of Philadel- 
 phia, a large land holder of Cape May. He was born in 
 Philadelphia in 1863, and was graduated from the Univer- 
 sity of Pennsylvania in 1883. After graduating he was ap- 
 pointed superintendent of Dunbar Furnace Company, Dun- 
 bar, Pa. In 1884 he became manager of the Northern Pa- 
 cific Coal Company and remained in Dakota and Montana 
 until 1888. In 1889 he was admitted to the Philadelphia bar. 
 
 James E. Taylor was born in Cape May, and after ob- 
 taining an education he studied civil engineering. He was 
 at one time head of the contracting department of the Edi- 
 son Electric Company, New York city. In 1888 and 1889 
 he was collector of Cape May city. 
 
 Lemuel E. Miller, who was State Senator from 1892 to- 
 1895, was born at Green Creek, August i. 1854, and was 
 a son of Aaron Miller, one time Sheriff. When fifteen his 
 
insTiX(;risiiEi) visrroKSi. 
 
 399 
 
 father died and ho was left to care for hinistlf. He Ixcaine 
 a gneral contractor, doing" work in all parts of the coun- 
 try, such as building railroads, bulwarks, etc. He served 
 in the Cape May City Council from 1875 to 1878, and in 
 1876 was the president of the council. 
 
 On the fourth of July, 1893, the celebration was partici- 
 pated in ])}• ex-President Benjamin Harrison, who made the 
 principal address from the piazza of the Stockton Hotel, 
 Cape ]\Iay City. Those who took part in celebration were 
 Mayor James M. E. Hildreth; General William J. Sewell, 
 
 roUNTV rlllSON, BUILT IN 1S1I4. 
 
 of Camden; Congressman John E. Reyburn,of Philadelphia; 
 Hood Gilpin, Esq., of Philadelphia, and Rev. James N. 
 Cockius, pastor of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 The one hundred and eighty-second anniversary of the 
 founding of the First Baptist Church of Cape May was held 
 at Cape May Court House on June 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 
 21, 1894. 
 
 In 1894 South Cape May was created a borough out of 
 West Cape May. 
 
 The first hanging which ever took place in Cape May 
 county was that of ihe murderer Richard Pierce, a colored 
 man, of Goshen, aged about 24. The hanging took place in 
 
400 
 
 JJISTORV or CAPE MAY I'OT'NTY. 
 
 the court liouse yard on the afternoon of July 13, 18514. 
 Sheriff Robert E. Hand was in charsje of tlie execution. 
 Pierce had killed his wife on February 19. 
 
 In 1894 the ]>resent county prison was erected. 
 
 I'y the census of 1895, the school property in the county 
 was valued at $64,000; public property, $46,150: church and 
 charitable institutions, $173,450; cemeteries, $2,100. The 
 total'number of residents in the county was 12,855; ^^.ch politi- 
 cal division containing thf following inhabitants: Anglesea, 
 
 KDMUNO r.. t: 
 
 247; Avalon, 105; Cape May City, 2452: Cape May Point, 136; 
 Dennis township, 2370; Holly Beach, 300; Lower township, 
 1063; South Capj Miy, 65; Midlle township, 2500; Ocean 
 City, 921; Sea Isle City, 424; Upper township, 1420; West 
 Cape May, 742; Wildw'ood, 109. There were 3367 dwelling 
 houses in the county, occupied by 3193 families. 
 
 Edmund L. Ross, who represented Cape May county 
 in the Senate during the sessions of 1895, '96 and '97, was 
 born at Cape May Court House, March 10, 1852. He was 
 educated in the public schools and at Mayville Academy. 
 He followed the sea for some years and then entered into 
 
i»iSTi\i;ri>ii];]) \ !sr,\)KS. 
 
 •401 
 
 the mercantile business, lie has 1)lcii nine years county 
 - collector. He was a nieniljer ot {hv Assembly in the ses- 
 sions of 1892, '(;3 antl "94. 
 
 Furman L. l.udlam, who was .\ssur.bl\ man in 1895 and 
 1896, was born at South l)ti;nis, on Xovem])er J^, 1832, and 
 is a farmer. In early yeais he wa,-. a. sta eaj^tain. 
 
 Andrew J. Tonilin. of (ioslu'U, wa; in 181)5 elected Sher- 
 iil for a three-year term, tic was a brcMher of John F. 
 Tomlin, who was a distinLMuslicd soldier from Cape iVlav 
 county during- the war of the rcbelhiT.. lie was born at 
 
 AN I HH.V .1. rc.M i,;\. 
 
 •Goshen, March 15, 1845. He grew nj) on the farm and 
 ■went to the villag-e schools. In 1862. he went to Philadel- 
 p'hia, where he enlisted in the United States Marine Corps, 
 and was detailed for duty at the Washington Navy Yard. 
 Alter remaining- there for one year, he was sent with a bat- 
 taijon to Morris Island, participating in the attack upon 
 Fort Sumter in September, 1863. He was then detailed to 
 tiie revenue cutter "Cuzler," and later to the U. S. steamer 
 "Wabash," being wi^h the latter in the b'ort Fisher cam- 
 paig^n. He helped to storm the breastworks and for his per- 
 
<02 
 
 IIISTOKY OF CATE MAY COLN'rV. 
 
 sonal bravery received a medal from (lideon Welles, Secre- 
 tary of the Navy. At the close of the war he was trans- 
 ferred to the U. S. steamship "Mohongo." of the Pacific 
 squadron, upon which he remained until his five years' en- 
 listment expired. He returned home, remained a short 
 while, and enlisted again, being detailed to the U. S. steam- 
 ship "Plymouth," of the European sciuadron. While on the 
 "Plymouth" he was in Europe during the Franco-German 
 war of 1870, and was also enabled lo visit the Holv Lands^ 
 and ports on both sides of the ]\Iediterrancan Sea. He^ 
 
 «vNA(;()(aj'; at w hodiunk. 
 upon returning home, allied himself with the Republican 
 party. He was township committeeman of Middle town- 
 ship for ten years, school trustee fourteen years. 
 
 By reason of the unconstutionality of the State borough 
 law^s, all the boroughs in Cape May county ceased to exist, 
 but the Legislature, in 1896, passed an enabling act to al- 
 low boroughs to hold on to their government until legisla- 
 tion could be enacted. They all continued their existence 
 excepting Cape May Point, which became again a part of 
 Lower township. Ocean City was incorporated as a city 
 in 1897, and on April 13 held its first election under its new 
 charter. 
 
1 »is'ri X( J r 1 SH i-:i ) v i s i re )i;s. 
 
 40S 
 
 On Sunday. November 29, 1896. tlie Synagogue at 
 Woodbine was consecrated. Every part of the structure 
 was made bv the colonists themselves. It cost al)out six 
 thousand dollars. The day was made a memorable one, a 
 large number of visitors being present. 
 
 In September. 1896. Aaron W. Hand, of West Cape May, 
 was appointed County Superintendent of Public Instruction 
 by the state Board of Education, and entered into the perform- 
 ance of the duties of the office with an earnestness which greatly 
 stimulated interest in the publie schools. He was of Cape May 
 stock, anil born at Camden, N. J., February 10, 1857. He 
 
 AAKOX \V. UANn. 
 
 was educated in the public schools of Camden and Phila- 
 delphia, and was for a considerable time a student at the U. S. 
 Military Academy at West Point, N. Y. He began teaching 
 school in 1877, and taught twelve years, being stationed at 
 Dennisville, Rio Grande, Cape May Point and Cape May 
 City. He was one of the most efficient principals of the schools 
 of the latter place, and resigned the position to enter into the 
 newspaper business in 1889. From 1880 to 1887 he resided at 
 Cape May Point, and was tax collector and teacher there six 
 years. He was also a merchant there. In 1887 he removed 
 to West Cape May and began a mercantile business. He 
 was assessor of the borough in 1895 and 1896. He was as- 
 sociate editor of the Dailv Star in the summer season from 
 
404 
 
 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 1881 to 1889. In 1889, in company with ]\ Perry Ed- 
 munds, he purchased the Star of the Cape, and in 1890 Mr. 
 Edmunds sold out to Thomas R. Brooki, who became a 
 partner. In 1894. Mr. Hand sold his iniLrest to Clarence 
 R. Brooks, son of Thomas R. When the Star of the Cape 
 Publishing Company purchased the paper in 1895, Mr. 
 Hand became its editor and manager. In his newspaper career 
 he has been fearless as an editor and successful as manager. 
 
 Robert E. Hand, who served in the Assembly in the 
 session of 1897, was born at Erma, Cape May county. Tune 
 
 ROBERT E. HANI). 
 
 28, 1854, and still resides there. He was educated in the 
 public schools. He owns large tracts of lands, is engaged in 
 cultivating and shipping oysters. He was a member of 
 school board for twelve years. He was a member of the 
 Board of Freeholders from Lower township from 1887 to 
 1892. In the latter year he was elected Sheriff and served 
 three years. In pohtics he is a Republican. In June, 1896, 
 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention 
 at St. Louis, which nominated McKinley and Hobart for 
 President and Vice-President. 
 
CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 CAPE ISLAND. 
 All that portion of Cape May county, beginning at a 
 point in the Atlantic Ocean opposite the mouth of Cold 
 Spring Inlet, as far southerly as the jurisdiction of the State 
 extends, and running a westerly course until opposite an 
 inlet (now filled up) between Cape Island and the light- 
 house; thence following the several courses of the inlet, or 
 . creek, to ISIount Vernon Bridge, and Broadway; thence 
 along the northwest side of Broadway to the north side of 
 its junction w^ith the Cape Island turnpike; thence along the 
 north side line of the turnpike to Cape May Island Bridge 
 and creek; thence, following the several courses of the creek 
 down the main channel to the place of beginning, is by 
 law of 1875 declared to be the City of Cape May. Previous 
 to this the territory was called Cape Island. 
 
 The first reference to Cape Island was when George 
 Eaglesfield in 1699 built the causeway. The first reference 
 to the island by law was in 1796, when a law was passed to 
 make a road on which boats could be stowed. The old way 
 of getting to Cape May, formerly called Cape Island, was 
 by carriages, the visitors from Philadelphia driving down. 
 In 181 5, a sloop was built to convey passengers. Sometimes 
 it would take two days to get down. The old Atlantic, the 
 only hotel, was at the foot of Jackson street, and was the 
 resort of men of prominence and wealth for many years. 
 Commodore Decatur, the gallant and lamented American 
 naval officer, for years was a visitant of Cape Island and was 
 a constant habitue of the old Atlantic. Among its proprie- 
 tors may be mentioned Ellis Hughes. William Hughes, Dr. 
 Roger Wales, Aaron Bennett, Alexander McKenzie, Daniel 
 Saint and Mr. MclMackin. 
 
 The old Congress Hall did not occupy the site of the 
 present brick structure, but in 1812, when built l)y Thomas 
 
406 IJISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 H. Hughes, its rotunda stood where Drs. Marcy & Me- 
 cray's Palace Pharmacy now stands. It was a wooden 
 building-, of extensive exterior, being- 108x140, but not as 
 elegant as the newer class of hotels. Thomas Hug-hes, Jo- 
 seph Hughes, Jonas Miller, W. Burr Miller, Richard 
 Thompson. John West and Jacob F. Cake were among the 
 proprietors before its destruction in 1878. Jackson street 
 was the first regularly laid out thoroughfare. 
 
 The reason why Cape Island was r.ot laid out in squares, 
 like he more modern towns, is because streets were only 
 made when they were needed. Jackson street was the first 
 made street in the town, and that was more than one hun- 
 dred years ago. Lafayette street was a cow^ path for the 
 most part, and for convenience it was made a wagon road, 
 and finally adopted as a street. Washington street was 
 made to run parallel with Lafayette. Delaware avenue is 
 probably the next oldest. Franklin, Jefiferson and Queen 
 are also very old streets. 
 
 There was a hotel on the lot north of the old Atlantic, 
 built in 1822, and kept by Ephraim Mills. The first steam- 
 boat began to run in 1828. Before that freight was brought 
 to Cape May in sloops up to Schellenger's Landing. Old 
 Captain Whilldin ran the first steamboat to the present land- 
 ing place on the bay side. The boat stopped at New Castle 
 to take up the Baltimoreans and Southerners who would 
 come down on the old Frenchtown and New Castle Rail- 
 road — the first railroad ever run in this country. They 
 would come over in carriages from Baltimore to French- 
 town, in Maryland, on the Susquehanna, near Havre de 
 Grace. 
 
 The hotel next erected after Congress Hall was the Man- 
 sion House, raised in 1832. covering four acres of ground. 
 It was the first lathed and plastered house on the island. 
 Richard S. Ludlam built it, and also opened a street fifty 
 feet in width, called Washington, between Perry and Jack- 
 son. The first summer cottage was put up by Thomas Hart, 
 of Philadelphia. "The Kersal," meaning a place of amuse- 
 ment, was a wing or extension of the Mansion House, 124 
 feet long, built in 1849, had hops and concerts in it; also 
 
r'AlMO ISI.AXD. 407 
 
 used as a large dining room. Among the proprietors of the 
 Mansion House were Ephraim Mills, Isaac Schellenger, Eli 
 B. Wales. Daniel Saint. John Sturtcvant, Richard Smith 
 Ludlam in 1839; William S. Hooper and Albert H. Lud- 
 lam from 1850 until the house was burned in 185G. 
 
 The Ocean House was erected about 1832 by Israel Lea- 
 ming, and was located on the east side of Perry street, be- 
 tween Washington street and the beach. 
 
 After the old Mansion House, the next house was built 
 by Mrs. Remolds, called the American, with accommoda- 
 tions for 125 guests. 
 
 About 1834 the steamer "Portsmouth" began to make 
 weekly trips to Cape May and Lewestown. In later years 
 she was followed by the "Wilmon Whilldin." "Kent," "Rip 
 Van Winkle." "Zephyr." "Wave," "Mountaineer" and 
 others. 
 
 The first Alethodist Episcopal scjciety in Cape May City 
 was formed in December, 1837, and fourteen years aftei 
 this, 1843. the first church was erected near the site of the 
 present one, and it is now the A. ^I. E. Church, on Frank- 
 lin street. Socrates Townsend. Israel Townsend. Jonas 
 Miller. Israel Leamipg and Jeremiah Church were the most 
 active workers for its foundation. Joseph Ware was the 
 "builder, and Rev. Clark Policy was the first preacher. He 
 -was also the first town Superintendent of Schools for Cape 
 Island. The church is now located on Washington street, 
 having been last rebuilt in 1893. 
 
 In 1846 the Old Columbia Hotel was built, extending 
 from Ocean to Decatur street, erected by George Hildreth. 
 Messrs. Harwood and Bolton were its proprietors. 
 
 The Merchants was built on the site of the New Colum- 
 bia and Messrs. Mason and Eldredge were its proprietors 
 before it was swept away in 1878. 
 
 The Centre House, erected in 1840. was kept by Jeremiah 
 Mecray on the corner of Jacks«ni and Washington streets, 
 until the fire destroyed it with the rest in 1878. 
 
 The New^ Atlantic was built in 1840, and conducted by 
 Benjamin, Joe and John McMackin until its destruction in 
 1878. 
 
4(),s HiSTor.Y or cAri-; may <'o\'xv\. 
 
 On Decatur street stood the Madison, whose construe-- 
 tion dated from 1845. 
 
 The VVashhigton Hotel was first erected on Washington street 
 and was built in 1840, It now stands at Beach and Madisoa 
 avenues. White Hall was erected in 1850, by Dr. Samuel S. 
 Marcy, and the Delaware in 1840. 
 
 National Hall was erected in aliout 1850 by Aaron Gar- 
 retson. 
 
 The first IJaptist Society was formed about 1844. and a 
 church was erected in the spring of 1845. It was replaced im 
 1879 by the present one, costing" some $19,000. The first 
 pastor was Rev. M. B. Tindall. The following were the 
 original members of the church: Isaac Church, Philip 
 Hand, George Strattcn. Stephen Mulford, Alexander A_ 
 Shaw, John Price, Thomas McKain, William Price, John 
 K. Church, Aaron Schcllcnger, Rebecca H. Church, Sarah- 
 H. Hand, Abigail F. Stratton, Hetty Barnett, Elnor Fisher, 
 Jane E. Shaw, Elizabeth McKain, Phoebe Webb, Louisa 
 M. Schellenger, Elizabeth Brooks, Eliza Burch, Mary Lea- 
 rning, Keziah Price, Isabella Stevens and Hannah Rob- 
 ertson. 
 
 The need of local government was apparent and Assem- 
 blyman Richard S. Ludlam began a movement in the Legis- 
 lature which on March 8, 1848, terminated in the passage 
 of the act "to incorporate Cape Island into a borough." 
 This instrument named James Mecray chief burgess; James 
 Clark, assistant burgess; Thomas P). Hughes, hi'^h con- 
 stable, and William Cassedy, borough- clerk; and .hose men 
 were to constitute the government, with an assessor and col- 
 lector of taxes, until t e first Tuesday of May, 1849, whea 
 the people were from year to year to choose their succes- 
 sors. The government existed until 185 1, when in March 
 the Legislature incorporated the "'City of Cape Island/*" 
 There was a mayor, six councilmen, an alderman and a re- 
 corder, who as a body were legislators for the new city. 
 
 The first Council met in the school house cm the corner 
 lot of Franklin and Lafayette streets (south side), on Satur- 
 day evening. March 15, 1851. There were present Isaac 
 M. Church, Mayor; Waterr. B. ]\Iiller, Alderman: Joseph S. 
 
CAPE ISLAND. 409 
 
 Leach, Recorder, and James S. Kennedy, David Pierson, 
 John G. W. Ware, Joseph Ware, Aaron Garrctson and 
 James Mecray, Councilmen. The only thing done tb.at even- 
 ing was the election of Charles T. Johnson, a carpenter, a^ 
 City Clerk. 
 
 On the following Saturday evening, March 22, Mayor 
 Church delivered his inaugural address, in which he said: 
 
 "Gentlemen and Fellow- Citizens: 
 
 "Allow me the privilege of congratulating you upon the 
 happy auspices under which we are now convened. 
 
 "Our unfeigned gratitude is due the Great Aulb.nr of all 
 good, for the bounties of Providence we so largely enjoy. 
 In addition to wealth, peace and plenty, our 'lines have fallen 
 to us in pleasant places.' Situated as we arc, upon one of 
 the most delightful spots to be found within the fair do- 
 main of our beloved country, from this location we may 
 look out upon the heaving bosom of the broad and fathom- 
 less Atlantic, and listen to the ceaseless roar of its rolling 
 billows as they dash upon our sandy beach. This island 
 prominence is worthily noted for its unsurpassed beauty 
 and salubriousness, and has lately become truly cclel^-atcd 
 for the pleasantness of hs climate, and the invigorating iv- 
 fiuence of its summer sea breezes. These advantages, to- 
 gether with the convenience and safety of its bathing- 
 grounds, contribute so many attractions that it is often 
 thronged by thousands of the wealthy and fashionable from 
 various and even remote parts of the Union. And their an- 
 ticipations are usually more than realized in the agreeable- 
 ness of the retreat from the sultry and sickly atmosphere of 
 crowded cities and inland towns. It is our good fortune 
 here to have our dwelling places, as free and independent 
 citizens, and to enjoy uninterruptedly the privileges of the 
 Gospel, with the rights and immunities of the civil and so- 
 cial institutions of our highly favored land. 
 
 "But this occasion requires especially that I should con- 
 gratulate you upon the success of your late application to 
 ate Legislature of our State for tlie rights and privileges of 
 a citv charter. We have, for a few years past, been wit- 
 
410 PlISTORY OF CATK MAV COT'NTY. 
 
 nessing with much gratification the unparalleled growth and 
 prosperity of our place, which has only been equalled by its 
 widening notoriety and increasing popularity as a desirable 
 .summer resort. A large amount of capital is annually ex- 
 pended in the erection and furnishing of commodious and 
 magnificent hotels and boarding-houses for the comfortable 
 entertainment of the multitudes who visit us during each 
 successive bathing season. So that, in point of fact, our 
 former village is rapidly assuming the real ap])earance of a 
 splendid city. And to maintain the respectability to which 
 the rapid progress of the place entitles it. as well as for the se- 
 •curilv of the stock invested in its imi)rovement, it was 
 •deemed expedient to procure a city charter. For this, and 
 ■other reasons, such as the preservation of just rights and 
 g-ood order among us, it was thought indispensable that an 
 eificient municipal government should be organized. 
 
 "Moved by a commendable spirit of enterprise, you, my 
 fellow citizens, after mutual and mature deliberation, pre- 
 pared a bill which, in the dictates of your best judgment, 
 :should meet the exigencies of the case. This bill was in due 
 time presented to the Legislature by your committee ap- 
 pointed for that purpose, through whose efficiency it se- 
 < cured the early attention of that body. And being duly 
 • considered, with the circumstances which called for its en- 
 .actment, it was slightly amended to meet the views of the 
 members interested, and finally secured the Legislative 
 ■sanction by a passage through both houses, and was ap- 
 proved and signed by the Governor. And by our bill thus 
 becoming law, we were constituted a chartered corporation. 
 On the tenth of the present month, Cape Island took her 
 place among her older sisters of the Union as a legally in- 
 corpn-ated city. And though she may be the least among 
 the thousands of America bearing such a title, yet the vigor 
 -of Ik:- infancy promises well for a speedy, a propitious and 
 .a far-far.T cd maturity. The realization of this result, how- 
 •ever, depends very much upon the spirit with which our 
 •chartered privileges are improved and carried out to their 
 .practical operations. 
 
 "In this responsible business we have just embarked. 
 
CAPE ISLAND. 411 
 
 Agreeably to the provisions of tlie charter, the polls were 
 legally opened on the eleventh instant, for the election of 
 mtmicipal officers; and our citizens, with a zeal worthy the 
 cause, came forward to the enjoyment of their right of suf- 
 frage. The voice of the sovereign people, spoken through 
 'the medium of the ballot-box, has summoned us, the offi- 
 •cers-elect, to take the first administration of the public af- 
 lairs of this municipality. 
 
 "In accepting the honor to which my fellow citizens have 
 called me — that of serving them as chief magistrate of the 
 citv — it may not be amiss for me to remark that at the 
 late election was the first time I ever allowed my name to 
 be used as a candidate for a public civil office. And not- 
 withstanding the misgivings I mv.y have respecting my 
 capability for the duties devolved upon me, I should still 
 he an ingrate, indeed, not to feel and express the emotions 
 of unaffected gratitude to my friends for placing me in this 
 "honorable position, by such a decided expression of the 
 public will. Yet I should be reluctant to obey even this 
 summons to official duty, were it not that I have the fullest 
 confidence in the abilities of my compeers in office. Feeling 
 satisfied that they are every way competent to meet and dis- 
 charge the respective duties assigned them, and to grapple 
 successfully with every emergency that may arise, and, 
 moreover, cherishing the assurance that they will give me 
 their cordial co-operation in all measures that concern the 
 public weal; with such coadjutors, and with entire depend- 
 ence upon the direction and assistance of God, I venture 
 cheerfully into the new department of civil obligations. And 
 w^e feign hope the public will be prepared to make all rea- 
 sonable allowance for errors in judgment that may arise 
 through inadvertency or inexperience on the part of their 
 official servants. 
 
 "And now, gentlemen, you who have the honor to be the 
 elected functionaries of this body politic, and especially the 
 members of the City Council, permit me with due deference 
 to your respective view^s and abler judgment, to state in 
 brief the principles I wish to be governed by and would 
 
4i2 
 
 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 recommend to you as the basis of our official administra- 
 tion. 
 
 "We are placed by the favor and confidence of our con- 
 stituents in a position that will call forth our best energies 
 to sustain satisfactorily all the interests of this corporation. 
 To us is committed the responsible work of setting in opera- 
 tion a new form of government for a newly constituted city. 
 And this is to be done with very limited financial resources, 
 amid the paralyzing influence of fear on one side, prejudice 
 on another, and perhaps derision on the third. x\nd this 
 responsibility is necessarily laid upon those altogether inex- 
 perienced in the work they have to perform. A govern- 
 ment is to be established and kept in effective motion, with 
 the least possible friction in its machinery, although its op- 
 erators be unused to many of its delicate wires. 
 
 "With such raw material, both as agents and principals, it 
 will be difficult to prevent some creaking in the contact be- 
 tween new rules and old usages. For, no doubt, it will be 
 expected of us, as a condition of our public approval, that 
 all the varied and somewhat conflicting interests that here 
 concentrate, be maintained and promoted. Yet I trust we 
 shall not be deterred from launching the ship, though the 
 channel be narrow, shallow and difficult to navigate; for if 
 we do our duty, we think she will float out to good sailing; 
 at all events it will be satisfaction enough to be conscious 
 of having done the best we could under the circumstances. 
 Among the several interests that will demand our attention, 
 the first are those of a local character, confined within the 
 limits and to the inhabitants of the city itself. Embraced 
 in this class will be internal improvements, proper care of 
 health and cleanliness, the preservation of peace and good 
 order, the protection and fostering of moral institutions^ 
 the detection and punishment of vice and misdemeanor, the 
 judicious management and suitable encouragement of edu- 
 cational interests, with the prudent direction of finances. 
 To these things we must carefully look, in order that the 
 city, so far as its internal police is concerned, may be kept 
 in a thriving and prosperous condition. By these meajx. 
 it will present a standing invitation to its visitors to con- 
 
("ATK ISLAND. 413 
 
 tinue their periodical visitations; and to those who are in 
 search of a location to make it their permanent residence. 
 And this evidently will be the surest and quickest way of 
 increasing the value of city property, by which all are bene- 
 fited. 
 
 "The next claim upon the deliberations of the Council is 
 the interest of the surrounding' vicinity, and the county at 
 large. With these our municipal enactments should con- 
 flict as little as possible. It is an obvious fact that the pe- 
 cuniary interest of the adjacent country is closely identi- 
 fied with the prosperity of this city. The more rapid and 
 permanent its growth, and the greater number that can be 
 induced to visit it during the summer, the longer and bet- 
 ter market it will afford for their produce, and the more em- 
 ployment it will provide for their teams and carriages. While 
 the effect of wholesome restraints and regulations in the 
 city will go far to prevent a poisonous influence of immor- 
 ality from spreading around, which otherwise would have a 
 tendency to- contaminate the whole region. It is to their ad- 
 vantage, therefore, not to fight against, but to assist in pro- 
 moting the interests of the city. Yet, on the other hand, 
 there is a reciprocal dependence upon them in securing and 
 perpetuating the advantages of the corporation. We want 
 their marketing, their fish, their hay, their wood, their labor, 
 their teams, and their vehicles. Hence it will be but pru- 
 dent economy for both city and country, far as practicable, 
 to give mutual encouragement to each other's interests. 
 
 Next, and the last that w^e shall name, though perhaps not 
 the least in its bearing upon the ultimate success of our 
 municipal enterprise, is to be considered the interests, com- 
 fort and wishes of the annual visitors to the city. Some of 
 them own property here, and are actual residents with us 
 during the summer season, while the vast majority only re- 
 main a few weeks in the capacity of boarders, at the hotels 
 and private houses. That it will be an important point with 
 the authority of the city to consult their advantages and 
 preferences is evident from the fact that from this class of 
 people has come the principal part of the money that has 
 thus far built up our city; and from them must still come the 
 
414 HISTORY OF CAFE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 funds indispensable to the continued life and activity of our 
 business operations. If, therefore, through carelessness or 
 an arrant disregard of the comfort, safety, and gratification, 
 of these visitors, they should be turned off in some other 
 direction, our hope of prosperity to our youthful city must 
 end in bitter and remediless disappointment. Such a catas- 
 trophe we should not only deprecate, but endeavor to avoids 
 
 "Having thus presented to your consideration some of the 
 leading objects at which I hope it will be our united purpose 
 to aim, in our administration of the public affairs of the 
 city, your indulgence is asked while I take the liberty of 
 recommending the means which to me seem best adapted 
 to attain these desirable ends. Not only is the public good 
 as a whole to be sought by us, but it is to be sought in the 
 easiest and best way we can devise. And first of all, it will 
 be essential to an effective government that each officer 
 connected with it acquaint himslf thoroughly with the du- 
 ties, privileges, and responsibilities of his office. And that he 
 hold himself ready at all times to act expeditiously and de- 
 cidedly as occasion may require. Without prompt and 
 energetic action on the part of officers, no stability or force 
 can be given to the municipal transactions; and the whole 
 organization would soon be treated with the disrespect its 
 childish indecision would merit. But we will not give place 
 to the fear that any one has, or will take upon him, an office 
 merely for its honor or emoluments, who are still unresolved 
 as to its duties. For may the Lord deliver me from an as- 
 sociation with men in office who wilfully neglect the duties 
 they are sworn to perform. 
 
 "Another point of importance will be a vigilant endeavor 
 to preserve unanimity of sentiment and concert of action 
 in the deliberations and decisions of Council. United coun- 
 sel will be the best guarantee that the city government can 
 give for the perpetuity and practical benefits of our charter. 
 Of course, it will be both proper and expedient, when dif- 
 ferent views are entertained on subjects under consideration, 
 to compare and discuss their relative merits, to advocate 
 measures with all your several abilities. Only let this be 
 done in a friendly manner, and with due respect to each 
 other's judgment. And though majorities should always 
 
CAPE ISLAND. 
 
 be submitted to cheerfully, yet they sliould never carry 
 points with an overbearing: and exulting spirit; rather let 
 a conservative spirit predominate and regulate the \vlu>le 
 proceedings. To secure this, compromises will sometimes 
 require to be made to minority views, which is well enough^ 
 where it can be done without encroaching upon important 
 rights and principles. But if sectional or personal prejudices, 
 and jealousies are allowed to produce embittered controver- 
 sies, and control the consultation and enactments of the. 
 Council, the arm of its strength will be palsied. 'For a house 
 divided against itself cannot stand;' while its wranglings 
 will soon become the by-word of those who will treat its 
 ordinances with contempt. In your legislative movements,, 
 you will have a noble trio of well-established landmarks by 
 which to steer your course. The highest and broadest of 
 these is the Constitution of the United States, which it will' 
 ever be the duty and pride of every good American citizen,, 
 whether in ofhce or private life, to preserve inviolate by a 
 faithful adherence to its requisitions, prohibitions and prin- 
 ciples. Next to this is the Constitution of our own State, 
 w'hich expresses the fundamental laws by which we are 
 governed as Jerseymen. And where is the Jerseyman woith 
 the name that does not regard it an honor either to live 
 under or assist in maintaining, unimpaired, the majesty of 
 that purely republican document. Then as the inside di- 
 rectory of our enactments, we have our city charter, which- 
 detines our rights, privileges, and duties as citizens of Cape 
 Island, and more particularly as officers chosen by said 
 citizens to take the supervision and prosecution of then- 
 public concerns. In our enactment and execution of local 
 law, therefore, it will be indispensable to keep our eye upon 
 the limitations of those higher and more general laws al- 
 ready established. These we are bound to respect as su- 
 preme, to obey them faithfully, to abide by them immovably;: 
 in doing which we shall not be liable to overreach our proper 
 jurisdiction, but will secure all due reverence to the city 
 authority. 
 
 "I will now detain you. gentlemen, no longer than will be 
 necessary to make a few special recommendations. Your 
 ii.dependent and judicious judgment will need to be imme- 
 
416 IIISIORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 diately exercisd in the choice of a. Councilman to fill the 
 vacant seat, the election of a City Clerk, and Street Com- 
 missioner. After these selections are made, it will be requi- 
 site to draft and adopt suitable Rules of Order, By-Laws, 
 etc., for your own convenience in expediting the correct 
 transaction of business. These preliminaries disposed ot, 
 I would recommend the early appointment of an efficient 
 police, with definite instructions as to their duties, that they 
 may be ready to operate whenever needed: but that they 
 be not called into service until actual occasion recjuires. It 
 will be well for the Council, soon as practicable, to take 
 measure for ascertaining- the amount of money sui¥icient to 
 meet the ordinary expenses of maintaining the poor, re- 
 pairing the streets, supporting the schools, etc., which, to- 
 gether with the State and county tax. will constitute the 
 sum which the Assessor will have to raise by a tax levied 
 on the inhabitants and property holders of the city, accord- 
 ing to a fair valuation of their respective possessions. T':e 
 amount needed to meet the current expenses of the City 
 Government, and for internal improvements. I woidd recom- 
 mend lo be derived from a revenue that shall be produced 
 from various sources. Of these, the following are proposed: 
 First, let a light tax be laid upon all vehicles that come froui 
 without the bounds of the city, to be used here as pleasure 
 carriages during the boarding season. I would suggest 
 that the owners or drivers of all such be required to obtain a 
 written permit from the Mayor, or City Clerk, for the sea- 
 son before commencing operation. The stim to be paid for 
 said permits will be fixed by the wisdom of the Cjuncl. 
 Probably something like the following rates might be an 
 equitable demand: for each tv.'o-horse carriage bi,'ionging 
 to the line, one dollar; for each of the same description not 
 connected with the line, two dollars, and for each of like 
 kind coming from without the county, five dollars. '\s a 
 further source of revenue, let all transient shop-keepers of 
 whatever kind, before opening for sale, be reqiiircd to pro- 
 cure license of the city authorities, to pay therefor ?urli smn 
 as the discretion of the Council shall designate. I W'l 'Id 
 also recommend that all kinds of exhibitions, farces, shows, 
 fireworks, etc., be prohibited, except they first procure li- 
 
CAPE ISLAND. 417 
 
 cense in like manner, and that the respective charj2:es be ad- 
 justed to their probable income. And further, that llie same 
 principle be undeviatingly applied to all l>()\vlin^- riileys. 
 pistol galleries, archeries and whatever other ])Iaces A 
 amusement the Council may see proper to allow A'ithin the 
 limits of the city. In their number and character, we ho])e 
 the Council will not overlook the moral interests of tlie 
 community. You are aware that the Legislature have seen 
 iit in the passage of the bill to authorize the Council to grant 
 license to inns, bars, etc., within the city, and this right shall 
 be discretionary, sole and exclusive, and that it mav also be 
 applied to defining the period of such license to any term 
 not exceeding one year. Now, if the Council shall deem 
 it expedient to grant license for the sale of ardent spirits, I 
 reconunentl that the term of said license be fixed to tl^ree 
 months only, from the tenth of June. You will tind by a 
 reference to the statutes of the State that in determining up- 
 on the amount demanded for tavern licenses, you have' the 
 range between ten and seventy dollars to select in. 
 
 "We confidently think that the revenue derived from these 
 several sources will be sui^cient to meet the necessary ex- 
 penditures. We earnestly recommend that immediate ac- 
 tion be taken by the Council for the prevention of the de- 
 struction of property by fire. Let the Marshal be authorized 
 to institute a speedy and thorough examination of all chim- 
 neys, stovepipes, fines, etc., in the city, and report those he 
 regards as unsafe. It might be well to pass an ordinance re- 
 quiring every house to be furnished with a certain number 
 of leather fire-buckets, according to its number of rooms, to 
 be kept in good repair and in a conspicuous place. We 
 should entertain the plan favorably, of your encouraging the 
 formation of a hook and ladder company, who could oper- 
 ate to good advantage in case of fire. 
 
 "Regulations will be needed also, in regard to suitable 
 wagon-stands, that the public passage way to boarding and 
 other houses be not obstructed. It is further recommended 
 that timely and stringent measures be adopted to prevent any 
 indecent or imoroner behavior on or about the bathing- 
 g-rounds at any time, especially during bathing hours. While 
 from the necessitv of the case, the observance of econumv 
 
418 III8TOKY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 will be re(iuirccl in arranging your expenditures, still we hope 
 that a due degree of public spirit will characterize your ap- 
 propriations. Some improvements will doubtless be expect- 
 ed and demanded by the public; and it is hoped that they 
 will not be altogether disappointed in their wishes. Our 
 streets and sidewalks need repairing. But as to Public Build- 
 ings, I would suggest that for the present the Council rent 
 or lease some suitable room, that will answer all practical 
 purposes for a city hall. In addition to this. I should favor 
 vour proceeding at once to build a small jail. We think the 
 time is not far distant when a market-house will be needed. 
 I would merely notify you that some of the stockholders 
 have proposed to offer the school house and lot on which 
 it stands, for sale, which wT)uld be a very good site for city 
 buildings. Especially do we recommend that the educa- 
 tional interests of the city receive your liberal patronage. 
 'Better pay for the tuition of the boy than for the ignorance 
 and vice of the man!' We hope that school appropriations 
 will be made to such an extent as will render it an object 
 of interest to the Superintendent of Common Schools to 
 look well to its judicious and profitable outlay. This he can 
 do by giving his sanction only to competent teachers, vis- 
 iting the schools, giving lectures, etc. 
 
 "As to the salaries and fees of officers, a proper medium 
 between meanness on one hand and extravagance on the 
 other should be preserved. While it is not reasonable to 
 expect that men can devote their time and energies to the 
 public benefit without compensation, neither is it to be 
 supposed that ofihce-holding in an infantile city like ours can 
 be a very lucrative employment. Equity and good policy 
 w^ould dictate that paid officers receive a fair and proper 
 remuneration for the time they occupy and the services they 
 render in public affairs. And as this cannot at present be 
 ascertained in the case of most of them, I would recom- 
 mend that the Council defer their decision upon this ques- 
 tion until the first of October, and that they require each 
 officer to keep a faithful account of the time they have been 
 in actual service during the interim, and present said ac- 
 counts to the Council at the time specified. 
 
 "It will add much to the respectability and comfort of the 
 
CAi'E IS I, AND. 41'> 
 
 city that no horses, cattle, sheep, goats or swine be allowed 
 to roam at large as commoners within the incorporated 
 bounds. 
 
 "In conclusion, allow me to express my fond hope that a 
 year's trial of the new arrangements under which we now 
 enter will prove to the satisfaction of all concerned the utilit}-' 
 and advantage of our city charter. And it is our earnest 
 desire that all who have been chosen by the suffrages of 
 their fellow citizens to bear a part in the government of our 
 young city will honorably acquit themselves in meeting the 
 responsibility under which they are laid, and thereby credit- 
 ably sustain the confidence reposed in them. If this is done,, 
 voters will have no occasion to regret the result of their 
 choice. 
 
 "We should now fervently invoke upon you, and the city 
 you represent, the continued and special blessing of Hun, 
 without whose favor and protection the 'watchmen of a city 
 but waketh in vain.' " 
 
 Isaac Miller Church, the first Mayor of Cape Island, and 
 a Baptist clergyman, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., April 
 8, 1814. He was taken by his father, Isaac Church, in 1818, 
 to Lancaster, Ohio. The lad returned to Philadelphia alone 
 and on foot in 1834, being followed shortly by his father, 
 who settled near the steamboat landing in Lower township, 
 now Cape May Point. Mr. Church was ordained at the 
 meeting house of the West Creek Baptist Church, Cumber- 
 land county, N. J., Saturday, April 24, 1841, as licentiate of 
 the First Baptist Church of Cape May. 
 
 He had been laboring for a few years before as a mis- 
 sionary under the patronage of the State Convention in the 
 West Creek field. 
 
 On June 11, 1848, he was extended a call to become pas- 
 tor of the Cape Island Baptist Church, accepting the call on 
 the 7th of October, and remained its pastor until he left 
 Cape May in October, 185 1. On the 20th of October he 
 delivered his valedictory to the Council, having resigned as 
 Mayor, and a resolution of "thanks" was tendered him "for 
 the judicious manner in which he had conducted the af- 
 
420 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 fairs of the city." On (Jctober 2-^, the new Mayor, James 
 Clark, was sworn into office. 
 
 Mr. Church commenced his pastorate wi.h the First Bap- 
 tist Church of South Kingston. Washington county, R. I., 
 April I, 1853, and continued for one year to April i, 1854. 
 Mr. Church continued to reside in Rhode Island until he 
 died. 
 
 Mr. Church, who was a chaplain in the Civil War, entered 
 Company E, Second Rhode Island Infantry, as second lieu- 
 tenant, and on June 6, 1861, was made first lieutenant of 
 Company H, same regiment. On July 21, 1861, he was tak- 
 en prisoner at the battle of Bull Run and borne as a prisoner 
 of war to Richmond, Va., where he was confined in Libby 
 Prison for about a year. He afterwards published a diary of 
 three hundred pages on his confinement in that nefarious 
 place. He was afterwards made captain of Company G, 
 Fourth Regiment, Rhode Island Infantry. 
 
 Mr. Church was a very industrious and useful man; be- 
 sides his work as a minister in South Kingston, R. I., he 
 carried on the business of house painting, photographing, 
 taught school, was agent, committee, manager and counsel 
 for the town in road cases and other important matters, irff. 
 w?.s town surveyor, then chairman of their School Commit- 
 tee and in 1859 and i860 was president of the town Council. 
 He died at his son-in-law's house in Davisville, R. L, Octo- 
 ber 28, 1874, and is buried at Riverside Cemetery, in Wake- 
 field, R. I. He married Judith Swayne Thompson, of Cape 
 May, N. J., October 16, 1834, who died at Millville, N. J., 
 August 19, 1887. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church was organized June 25, 1851, 
 by a committee of the Presbytery of West Jersey. The pres- 
 ent church was erected in 1853. St. ]\Iary"s Roman Catholic 
 Church was erected about 1848, on the opposite side of 
 Washing^ton street from where it stands to-day. It was in 
 about 1870 removed to its present location. 
 
 James Clark, the second Mayor of Cape Island, was born 
 June 7, 1798, at Cedarville. Cumberland county, New Jer- 
 sey. He lived some years in Philadelphia before coming to 
 Cape May, where he passed the remainder of his life, identi- 
 fying himself with all that pertained to the welfare of the 
 
CAP?: ISLAND. 
 
 421 
 
 place. He was related to the Fithian and Hateman families, 
 of Cumberland county. His father was Charles Clark, born 
 January i. 1772. His izr.: ofricc wa;^ chat oi postmaster of 
 the village of Cape Islarid. which he held by appointment 
 of President Polk from July 7, 1845, to May 9, 1849, when 
 he was succeeded by George W. Hughes. This was before 
 the city was incorporated. 
 
 At the meeting cf Council on October 20. 185 1. when 
 Isaac M. Church tendered his resignation as Mayor, M.. 
 Clark was chosen bv Council on the fifth ballot to fill the 
 
 CAPE MAY CITY IIA FTIS F t' 111 W ' 11 . 
 
 unexpired term. His opponents on that occasion were John 
 K. F. Sites and Dr. Samuel S. Marcy. He was sworn in and 
 assumed the duties of his office on October 27, 1851, and 
 served as Mayor until ?vlarch, 1C53, having been elected by 
 the people in 1852. 
 
 He was an ardent Democrat oi his time, and was appoint- 
 ed postmaster a second time by President Buchanan, and 
 served from March 13. 1857, to December 5. 1859. being 
 succeeded by Samuel R. Magonagle. Five days after, on 
 December 10. 1859, he passed from this earth to the world 
 bevond, aged 61 years and 6 months. 
 
432 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 It is said of him that he was very fond of music and in- 
 terested in the improvement of church music. To that end 
 he worked in the Baptist Church here, having- charge of 
 the choir for quite a period. He married EHza Bennett, a 
 sister of Jeremiah and Stephen Bennett, Delaware River 
 pilots of their day. 
 
 John Kake Church, the third Mayor of Cape Island, was 
 born at Lancaster, Ohio, on Christmas Day, in the year 
 1818. He was a son of Isaac Church, a prominent Baptist 
 and preacher, who removed with his family to Cape May 
 when John was a lad of sixteen years. With them came 
 his elder brother, Rev. Isaac M. Church, the first Mayor. 
 Both the father and John K. Church on April 6, 1844, 3-t 
 the organization of the Cape Island Baptist Church, became 
 members of the church, with twenty-three others. The 
 father was blind, but nevertheless was the first regular 
 pastor of the church, and served from May 17, 1844, to Oc- 
 tober 7, 1848. 
 
 While young, the subject of our sketch learned the car- 
 penter trade and followed it throughout his life. 
 
 The first office which Mr. Church held was that of City 
 Clerk, to which he was elected by Council in March, 1852. 
 At the charter election, in the following- year, he was chosen 
 Mayor of the city, and re-elected in 1854 and 1855. 
 
 In 1856 he was elected to the City Council, and held the 
 office for a year. 
 
 He died of apoplexy in his boat at Schellenger's Land- 
 ing, while returning from a pleasure trip in the sounds with 
 a party of men, on Saturday afternoon, July 30, 1859, being 
 in his 41st year. His widow still lives. 
 
 The Cape May Ocean Wave of the Thursday following 
 his death said of him: 
 
 "Mr. Church was respected and esteemed by every one 
 who knew him for his calmness of disposition, his honesty, 
 uprightness and veracity of character in all his dealings 
 and intercourse with the world; and, above all, his consis- 
 tent Christian walk. He needed but to be known to be 
 appreciated. He was for several consecutive years (for- 
 merly) elected Mayor of Cape Island, which office he filled 
 
(API-: ISLAM). 4-^3 
 
 Avitli the same uprightness with which he has ever performed 
 all the otlier duties of life.'' 
 
 Joseph Ware, the f<iurth and tenth Mayor of Cape Island, 
 was a son of Joseph Ware, who came from Cumberland 
 county, and a brother of Samuel Fithian, of Lower town- 
 ship, and of James W., Mashel, John G. W., Daniel C, Wil- 
 mon W., of Cape May City. He was born May i6, 1809. 
 In early life he learned the carpenter's trade. In 185 1 he 
 was a member of the Board of Freeholders, in 1852 As- 
 sessor, 1854 Recorder, and 1855 Assessor. In 1856 he 
 was chosen Mayor and re-elected three times, serving until 
 1861. Again he was chosen in. 1871, and served a term of 
 two years. He died on April 30. 1890, in the Mount Vernon 
 Hotel, the latter at the time being the largest hotel in the 
 United States. It was never completed, being burned in 
 1855. The Mansion was destroyed by fire, in 1856, and the 
 Atlantic, United States and American hotels were burned 
 in 1869. The proprietors of the Mount Vernon Hotel were 
 Samuel Woolman and j\I. Cain, who was burned to death in 
 the fire, with five others. 
 
 In the advertisement of summer resort hotels in 1858 
 the following were the houses and their proprietors: Colum- 
 bia House, L. Harwood; Atlantic House, J. and B. l\Ic- 
 Mackin; Ocean House, Israel Leaming; Delaware House, 
 James Mecray; National Hall, Aaron Garretson; Washing- 
 ton Flotel, S. G. Woolman; Merchants' House, John Lyons; 
 Tontine Hotel, George L. Ludlam; White Hall Hotel, S. 
 S. Marcy. In 1859 Congress Hall and the Morphy House 
 were added to the list of advertisers. 
 
 A writer in "The Knickerbocker Magazine," New York, 
 of August, 1859, says: "The neighborhood of which we 
 are speaking is none other than that most charming of 
 ocean summer resorts and watering places, that famous 
 refuge from the heat and dust of the weary city — the beach 
 at Cape May. * * * We speak literally, for it is a city, and 
 ■not a village or town merely, at which the traveler will land 
 when he debarks at Cape May. In this census we speak, 
 of course, of the permanent residents only, and not of the 
 summer visitants. These may, in their season, be counted 
 not onlv bv hundreds, but by thousands, and with their 
 
424 IIISTOHY OF CAPI-] MAY COTi.NTV. 
 
 help and that of the dozen to twenty imposing' hotel edi- 
 fices, and the infinite tail of restaurants, barber shops, ice 
 cream saloons, bowling alleys, billiard rooms, pistol gal- 
 leries, bathing houses and temporary houses of all names 
 — the little cit\' really grows metropolitan in aspect; and 
 the 'gas works' nnd the 'Mayor's office,' which at other times 
 seem to have been sent there merely on storage, now ap- 
 pear quite in place." 
 
 James S. Kennedy, M. D.. who was one of the first drug- 
 gists of Cape May City, was born in Philadelphia, January 
 i6, 1807, and came to Cape May when a small boy. He 
 studied medicine under Dr. Brooks, of Philadelphia, and 
 graduated at the Pennsylvania College of Medicine, Phila- 
 delphia, Alarch 7. 1843. 
 
 The same year he opened the first drug store kept in 
 Cape May City, in a small building on Washington street, 
 near Jackson street, where he continued the practice of his 
 profession for one year, when he built a drug store on La- 
 fayette street, near Decatur street, which he afterwards 
 moved to Washington street, near Decatur street. On Sei> 
 tember 3, 1844, he married Miss Charlotte R. Swain, a 
 daughter of Lemuel Swain, Sr. For many years he was 
 owner and proprietor of the Franklin House, and during 
 the early days of the incorporation of the city he was an 
 influential member of Council, and well know^n and highly 
 respected citizen. When Isaac M. Church, the first Mayor 
 of Cape Island, resigned in October. 1851, Dr. Kennedy 
 came within one of being elected Mayor by the City Coun- 
 cil. In 185 1 he was elected he first Assessor of the city, 
 and also a member of :he first Council, and was twice again 
 elected to the position of Assessor in 1856 and 1857. He 
 was for many years continuously a member of Council, 
 being first elected in 1855, and served during the years of 
 1857, 1861, 1862, 1869, 1870 and 1875. He was chosen 
 Alderman in 1863, and five years continuously. At that 
 time the Alderman was a member of Council, as well as a 
 committing magistrate. He was a member of the county 
 Board of Freeholders from Cape May City during the years 
 1864 and 1865. He served as Overseer of the Poor six 
 
CAPE ISLAND. 425 
 
 years from March, 1862. In 1868 he associated with him- 
 self in business his son, Dr. Henry A. Kennedy, and they 
 afterwards conducted the business under the name of Dr. 
 J. S. Kennedy & Son, in the same place, until 1873. That 
 year they purchased the ground at the corner of Decatur 
 street, where the United States Hotel had formerly stood, 
 which was destroyed by fire August 29, 1869. He, Dr. 
 Kennedy, remained in business a the United States Phar- 
 macy until he died, June 20, 1876. He was a prominent 
 member of the Presbyterian Church of Cape May City, and 
 a member of Evening Star Lodge of Odd Fellows, which 
 then flourished in Cape May. 
 
 Samuel S. Marcy, M. D., was born at Willington, Tol- 
 land county. Conn., December 7, 1793, and passed his boy- 
 hood days in that section, where he availed himself of the 
 advantages of the schools, and acquired a thorough Eng- 
 lish education. At the age of twenty-one years he entered 
 the office of Joseph Palmer, Jr., M. D., at Ashford, Conn., 
 where he read and practiced for three years. He then 
 attended lectures at the medical department of Yale Col- 
 lege, and received his first diploma from the State Medical 
 Society of Connecticut, and subsequently received the de- 
 gree of M. D. from the faculty of Yale College. He mi- 
 grated to Cape May county in 181 7, and located at CoVd 
 Sprirgs. On April 3, 1822, he married Miss Thankful 
 Edmunds, a daughter of Robert Edmunds, of Fishing 
 Creek, at one time judge of the Court of Conmion Pleas, 
 and an elder in the Cold Spring Presbyterian Church. 
 Doctor Marcy moved to Cape May long before the place 
 was incorporated, where he followed his profession until 
 he retired, owing to his advanced age. He held many local 
 offices, being a member of the Board of Freeholders during 
 the years 1854, 1856, 1857. 1858, 1859, i860, 1861, 1862 
 and 1869. He was a member of City Council in 1856 and 
 1857; Recorder in 1861, and Alderman in 1858, 1859 <^"*^ 
 i860. 
 
 He was a director and treasurer of the Cape Island Tinn- 
 pike Company for a long time, and one of the charter mem- 
 bers of Cape Island Lodge, No. 30, F. and A. M. 
 
 He died in Cape May City February 13, 1882. 
 
126 IJISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 In 1862 the Legislature passed an act allowing Cape 
 Island to issue $20,000 in bonds for the purpose of erecting 
 a water works, subject to the vote of the people. 
 
 The West Jersey Railroad w^as opened to Cape May in 
 3863. Then things soon took a start and people began to 
 build cottages. The value of lots ranged according to 
 fancy, and speculation was for a long time rife and much 
 money was made. 
 
 St. John's Protestant Episcopal Church was incorporated 
 in 1863. 
 
 In 1866 the charter of Cape Island was changed so that 
 Councilmen were elected for two years instead of one. 
 
 On March 28, 1866, the "Cape Island Lodge, No. 30, 
 Free and Accepted Masons," was incorporated, with \''irgil 
 M. D. Marcy, Alvin P. Hildreth, Samuel R. Ludlam, Joseph 
 Q. Williams, Samuel R. Stites, Samuel S. Marcy and their 
 associates as members. 
 
 The third disastrous fire on the island occurred on the 
 last day of August, 1869, which destroyed that entire por- 
 tion of the island lying between Washington street and the 
 ocean, and between Ocean and Jackson streets, with the 
 exception of the Columbia House and two or three other 
 small buildings. Among the hotels burned were the United 
 States Hotel, American House and the Atlantic and other 
 small houses. The Atlantic was rebuilt. 
 
 About this time St. John's Protestant Episcopal Church 
 was built at Washington and Franklin streets through the 
 influence of Bishop Coleman, of Delaware. 
 
 In 1869 the mammoth Stockton Hotel, which stands 
 to-day, was built by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, 
 at a cost of $600,000. This company owned it for about 
 twenty years. 
 
 George Hildreth was born at Rio Grande, May 28, 1822. 
 At sixteen he was employed in vessels carrying coal be- 
 tween Philadelphia and New England ports. In 1839 he 
 was wrecked at sea in the "Reaper," of Cape May. He was 
 picked up by a passing vessel and carried to New York. 
 He then became an employee of Richard C. Holmes in 
 the wrecking l)us:ness. After a period of such service he 
 
CAPE ISLAND. 427 
 
 -was engaged in buying and selling lumber. In 1846 he 
 Ibuih the Columbia Hotel, and sold it in 1851. That year 
 he built the West End. 
 
 From 1861 to 1863 he was engaged in fishing and in 
 1864 entered into the feed business, which he still conducts. 
 In 1874 he built the Wyoming Hotel. On April 12, 1870, 
 she was appointed keeper of Cold Spring Life Saving Sta- 
 ;tion, and held the position for about fifteen years. 
 
 Military organizations have been numerous at Cape May 
 •^during the summer seasons. The Fifth Maryland encamp- 
 -ed here during the summer of 1873, and has been here 
 several times since. The Baltimore Light Infantry, the 
 Washington Light Infantry, Sixth, Seventh and Second 
 New Jersey Brigades, the Philadelphia State Fencibles, 
 the First Pennsylvania Regiment, and various civic socie- 
 ties, such as St. John's Commandery of Knights Templar, 
 iiave been here during various seasons. 
 
 Henry Hand, a leading citizen, is a son of Recompence 
 Hand, a pilot, and brother of Joseph Hand and Enoch 
 "W. Hand, who have been Councilmen. He was born in this 
 'City January 31, 1826, and was a cousin of General Scheuch, 
 once U. S. Minister to England. He was educated in the 
 public schools here. At sixteen he entered as a carpenter's 
 -apprentice at Philadelphia, learned his trade and returned 
 home. He was chosen City Clerk and served from 1853 
 to 1855. In 1856, his health failing him, he went to Min- 
 nesota and remained there three years, working at his trade. 
 His health being restored, he returned to Cape May again, 
 and entered into partnership with Mashel W^are, under the 
 firm name of Hand & Ware. This firm built many cot- 
 tages here, the Pennsylvania Railroad Station at Newark, 
 and in 1872 twenty-six life-saving stations along the New 
 Jersey coast for the United States Government. He is a promi- 
 nent member of the Cape Island Presbyetrian ChurcTi, and 
 lias been an ^Ider since 1869. From 1861 to 1863 he was 
 :SL second time City Clerk, and from 1863 to 1866 was City 
 Recorder. From 1869 to 1872 he was Tax Collector, and 
 served as Assessor from 1872 to 1876, from 1878 to 1883, 
 
 ..and from 1884 to 1891. In 1895 he was chosen City Treas- 
 
 vurer, which office he still holds. 
 
428 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 On March 22, 1872, the act to incorporate the Cold" 
 Spring and Cape May Water Company became a law, and 
 John C. Bullitt, General William J. Sewell, Jacob F. Cake, 
 James Leaming and Return B. Swain were the incorporat- 
 ors. The works, which were finally in possession of the 
 city, were started in 1874. 
 
 Return B. Swain was born in Middle township, now 
 near Swain's Station, on the West Jersey Railroad, Feb- 
 ruary 19, 1826. He was raised on a small farm, and edu- 
 cated in the district public school until the completion of 
 his sixteenth year, at which period he commenced self 
 education through the medium of text-books, with accom- 
 panying keys. At nineteen he commenced life on his own. 
 account as teacher in the public schools. When twenty 
 years of age he went into the employ of E. T. Randolph 
 & Co., iron manufacturers, at Millville, N. J., where he was 
 a bookkeeper for two years. The confinement impaired 
 his health, and he returned to a farm near his birthplace,, 
 w^here his time was passed in farming and surveying in 
 summer, and in teaching the district school in winter. This 
 he did until 1865. In F"ebruary, 1848, he had married Miss 
 Rachel Reeves, a daughter of Benjamin F. Reeves, of 
 Cumberland county. The completion of the West Jersey 
 Railroad to Cape May, in 1863, gave an impetus to im- 
 provement in Cape May City, and in 1865 Mr, Swain 
 moved to the place, where he became largely interested in 
 many public enterprises, being a Master in Chancery, No- 
 tary Public, surveyor and conveyancer. He was for a 
 number of years a large real estate operator, and a long- 
 time superintendent of the Cape Island Gas Company. He 
 was a member of the City Council in 1874. About 1880 he 
 removed to Philadelphia, where he entered into the plumbs 
 ing business and manufacturing of bath tubs. 
 
CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 CAPE MAY CITY. 
 
 John G. W. Ware, the twelfth Mayor of the city of Cape 
 May, was born at Cape May City in 1825, and Hved at 
 Cape May all his life, being identified with nearly every 
 public enterprise. He was known during his life as "Uncle 
 John," because of the kindness he did in sickness and in 
 aiding in ever public enterprise. He was a brother of Wil- 
 mon W. Ware, who was once State Senator; Daniel C. 
 Ware, who served as a Councilman; of Joseph Ware, who 
 was twice Mayor of Cape May, and Maskel Ware, a chosen 
 Freeholder of Cape May City. 
 
 When the first city charter went into effect in 185 1 he 
 was chosen a member of Council for one year. He was 
 elected to the same ol!ice in 1857, 1858, 1859, 1864, 1865, 
 1866 and 1867 for one-year terms. 
 
 He was elected Alderman in 1870, and served until 1875, 
 when he was elected Mayor for a term of two years. He 
 w^as chosen again Alderman in 1877, and served until 1870, 
 In 1881 he was again elected Alderman, and served until 
 1886. In 1888 he was again elected and served until his 
 death, on September 8, 1894. which was caused by heart 
 disease. 
 
 Dr. James Mecray, son of James Mecray, pilot, and first 
 Burgess of Cape Island, was born at Cape May in 1842. 
 He attended school in Cape May and at Philadelphia. Af- 
 ter graduating at the University of Pennsylvania as a phy- 
 sicin he entered the navy as a surgeon and served during 
 the civil war. In 1866 he entered into partnership with Dr. 
 Samuel Marcy, and ' established a drug business. After 
 ten vears Dr. Marcy retired, and his son, Dr. V. M. D. Mar- 
 cv. became Dr. Mecray's partner, and the firm remains tlie 
 same to this dav. He seved in the City Council in 1868, and 
 when the charter of 1875 went into effect he was elected a 
 
430 
 
 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 member of Council for three years, serving as president: 
 during his entire term. He served a second three-year 
 term from 1881 to 1884, and was again president during the- 
 whole of his term. He was City Treasurer from 1869 tO" 
 1871. He enjoys a large medical practice, and is a member 
 of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 John H. Benezet, merchant, is a descendant of Anthony 
 Benezet, who was a patriot resident of Philadelphia during: 
 the Revolution. He was born at Cape May Court House: 
 in 1844. When sixteen his father died, and he then begam 
 working on the plantations of different farmers ur^^il he- 
 
 I)K. JAMES M ECU AY. 
 
 went to Woodbury, N. J., where he learned the tinman's 
 trade. By 1863 he had finished his trade, and then began 
 business at Court House on his own account. He then 
 began a housefurnishing business. In 1866 he opened am 
 establishment at Cane Island. He afterwards, with his 
 brother, Alfonso, established stores at Dennisville and Sea 
 Isle City. He was a member of City Council in 1872 and 
 
 1873. 
 
 Joseph Q. Williams, the sixth, eighth and thirteentla 
 
 Mayor of this city, was born in Philadelphia, November 
 
 2, 1827, and came to Cape May about 1850, just previous to 
 
CAl'E MAY CITY. 431 
 
 the incorporation of the city. Mr. W'iUianis is a carjicntcr 
 by trade, and began his career here as a l)uildcr and built 
 many of the residences about the Cape, lie married Miss 
 Sarah E., a daughter of William Stites, one time Treasurer 
 of Cape Island. His first of^ce was that of Alderman, to 
 wliich he was elected in March, 1856. It was for a term 
 of one year. At that time the Alderman was a member of 
 the Council and a justice of the peace. During the years- 
 beginning in March of 1857 and 1858 he served the city of 
 Cape Island as Councilman. In i860 he was elected Re- 
 corder, and served for a year. This was virtually the same 
 as an Alderman, and in this capacity \vas again Council- 
 man and Justice of the Peace. 
 
 In 1862 he was put forward for Mayor, and was elected 
 for one year. He introduced the system of paying over 
 fines to the city treasury, a rule which his predecessors had 
 not complied with. It was during this term also that the 
 police were uniformed for the first time in this city. 
 
 In 1865, 1866 and 1867 he w^as successively elected a 
 member of the City Council and performed also the duties 
 of two other offices in the last of these three years. He 
 was a triple office holder in that he was Councilman, Tax 
 Collector and a Representative of Cape Island in the Coun- 
 ty Board of Freeholders. His colleague in the Freeholder 
 Board was Joseph S. Leach. 
 
 At the spring election in 1868 he was again chosen Mayor 
 for one year, and was a candidate for re-election, but was 
 defeated by a close vote by Waters B. Miller, who suc- 
 ceeded him. During the year the Legislature passed a 
 bill and made ^Mr. Williams, together with General Wil- 
 liam J. Sewell, of Camden, afterwards United States Senator 
 from 1881 to 1887, and from 1895 to 1901; Col. J. Frank 
 Cake, a prominent hotel proprietor of his day in Wash- 
 ington, Baltimore and Cape May; Hon. John C. Bullitt, a. 
 large property owner, but a resident and eminent lawyer 
 of Philadelphia, who framed the famous Bullitt bill, or 
 charter granted to Philadelphia in 1886; and Captain 
 George Hildreth, of Cape May, the commission to improve 
 the highways of the place. This commission lasted five 
 
432 
 
 IIISTOKY OF CAPE MAY COrXTY. 
 
 years and four months, and tluring- its existence the mag- 
 nificent Beach avenue, or boulevard, was built, the work 
 of superintending which almost wholly devolved tipon Mr. 
 Williams. For this service ^h. Williams never received any 
 pay. 
 
 In 1874 he was again elected Recorder for one year, and 
 ofccoursc Vv'as a member of the Council and Justice of the 
 Peace. In the spring of 1875 the new charter of the city of 
 Cape May went into elifect, changing the name from the 
 
 .KISEI'II <i. WILLIAMS. 
 
 City of Cape Island, and at the election he was elected Al- 
 derman for one year. The duties of this of^ce were purely 
 judicial, and its holder virtually vice-Mayor. 
 
 In 1877 Mr. Williams was again elected Mayor for a 
 term of two years, and in March. 1889, he was re-elected for 
 two more years. He was succeeded in 1881 by Mayor 
 Melvin. 
 
 In 1884 he was again elected to office, this time as a 
 Councilman. He was re-elected in 1887 and 1890 and 
 
CAI'IO MAY (ITV. 433 
 
 served until 1893, since whicli time lie has given up office 
 liolding. In 1884 he was chosen as President of Council, 
 and again was its president in 1887. He was a valuable 
 member and in 1886 was one of the five who saved to Cape 
 May her valuable w-ater works franchise. 
 
 Mr. Williams has been a consistent Presbyterian and 
 active in church work the greater part of his life. In 1854 
 he was elected superintendent of the Sunday school of the 
 l^irst Presbyterian Church, and for twenty-seven years 
 labored in the same position. For a number of years he 
 laas been an elder in the church, and was twice elected a 
 member of the Presbyterian General Assembly of the 
 '^Tnited States for the New Jersey Synod — that of St. Paul 
 in 1888, and of Saratoga in 1894. It is very seldom that 
 a layman is twice honored in this way. Mr. Williams is a 
 tSuent speaker. His son, J. Ashton W'illiams, has been City 
 Recorder since 1891. 
 
 One of the most disastrous fires which has ever visited 
 this seaside resort burned over the most interesting and 
 profitable part of the ocean front of Cape May City on Sat- 
 urday, November 9, 1878. The fire broke out in the Ocean 
 jHouse about 8 o'clock in the morning, amid excellent ele- 
 Rients, and lasted until night. The wind was an ally, and 
 the limited fire apparatus., was of no avail. At half past five 
 in the afternoon it had crossed Ocean street, and taken 
 everything clean on Beach avenue from Congress street to 
 Stockton Row, and the mammoth Stockton seemed in 
 the clutches of the fiend when the elTorts of the Cape May, 
 Vineland and Camden firemen, and the steamers which the 
 two latter companies had brought with them, finally sub- 
 dued it. All night long and Sunday the people were storing 
 SEway their goods which they had saved. Trains came 
 ^own crowded the next day from Philadelphia. The burned 
 'district covered an area of over thirty acres, divided as fol- 
 Ibws: Congress Hall property, five acres; the block bound- 
 ed by Perry, Jackson and Washington streets and the beach, 
 -eight acres; the block bounded by Jackson, Decatur and 
 Washington streets and the beach, eight acres; the prop- 
 ertv destroved between Decatur and Ocean streets, from east 
 
434 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 of Washington street to ocean, five acres; the property an- 
 nihilated between Ocean and Guerney (Stockton Row) 
 streets, five acres. The Star of the Cape, of the Thursday- 
 following the fire, said: "The ravages of the fire can scarce- 
 ly be appreciated from a pen description. Where on Sat- 
 urday morning stood thirty acres covered with magnifi- 
 cent hotels, gems of cottages and thousands of bath houses- 
 is now a blackened waste, swept by the besom of destruc- 
 tion, leaving nothing in its w^ake but spectre chimneys and' 
 smouldering ruins." The property destroyed was estimat- 
 ed at $600,000, and included nine hotels: Congress HalU 
 Centre House, ( )cean House, Avenue House, Merchants', 
 Centennial, Atlantic, Knickerbocker and Columbia, al5' 
 frame buildings. The principal cottages burned were Fry- 
 er's Bluff and Ocean Cottages, on Perry street; J. E. Me- 
 Cray's, Peterson's, Fenlin's, Eliza Miller's. King's Ocean 
 Villa, Hildreth's Wyoming Cottage, Chill's, McConnell's 
 two, and Rudolph's, on Jackson street; Judge Hamburg- 
 er's, King's three, Denizot's and Columbia's two on De- 
 catur street; Smart's, Fishers, Bullitt's and Wolfe's on 
 Ocean street. 
 
 When the fire fiend had finished its work it left the fol- 
 lowing hotels: Stockton, Arctic, National, St. Elmo, Sea. 
 Breeze, United States, Chalfonte, Arlington, Clarendon, 
 Cape May House, Delaware House, White Hall, Chester 
 County House, Mineral Spring, Tremont House, Baltimore, 
 American, Washington, Greenwood, and Young's. 
 
 In the place of the burned ones Congress Hall was re- 
 built of brick on the ocean part of the property where it 
 stands now. Congress place was laid out, and where the 
 main building of Old Congress Hall stood is now the EI- 
 beron and several private properties. 
 
 The New Columbia was built of brick on Jackson street, 
 occupying the block in which six of the burned hotels stood. 
 Cottages have gradually taken the places of the ruins, and 
 Cape May has not to-day those large hostelries, but the 
 more modern houses are of the smaller class. Nearly thir- 
 ty cottages were burned, whose places were taken inside of 
 three years by fortv-six new ones. 
 
CAl'E MAY CITY. 
 
 435 
 
 On February ii, 1880. John Mecray Post, No. 40, Grand 
 Army of the RepubHc. was organized, with twenty-one old 
 soldiers as members, as follows: George W. IJarnes, Samuel 
 C. Barton, James H. Carman, James V. Clark, James Cran- 
 dol, John B. Davis, James J. Doak, Francis K. Duke, P. J. 
 Donnelly, William B. Eldredge, William Farrow, Augustus 
 C. Gile, Thomas Lemmon, Christopher S. Magrath, Wil- 
 liam W. Messich, John N. Reeves. Mitchell Sandgran^ 
 Charles Sandgran, Henry W. Sawyer, Henry P. Seaman 
 and John D. Speace. 
 
 FKEDEBICK J. MELyiN. 
 
 Frederick J. Melvin, the fourteenth Mayor of Cape May, 
 was born at Lumberton, North Carolina, February 28, 
 1848. When only six months old his parents removed with 
 him to Philadelphia, where he resided until he was sixteen 
 years of age. Young Melvin attended the public schools 
 there until he came to Cape May, being employed for sev- 
 eral summer seasons by the Harlan and Hollinsworth 
 Steamboat Company, of Wilmington, on their line of small 
 steamers which plied between Philadelphia and Cape May, 
 traveling in those known as "Lady of the Lake," "Felton," 
 
436 HIS'J'ORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 "Sue" and others. During the winter seasons he was em- 
 ployed in the gas fixture business in Philadelphia. 
 
 When he attained his twentieth year he entered the em- 
 ploy of George B. Cake as clerk in the old Washington 
 House, which stood wdiere the Knickerbocker Building 
 now stands, and was later a clerk at the Sherman House, 
 previously called the Tontine, but now the United States 
 Hotel, at Jackson and Lafayette streets. After this Mr. 
 Melvin entered the employ of the firm of Richardson & 
 Farrow, who during their time were the most prominent 
 provisioners in the city of Cape May. 
 
 During the years 1874 and 1875 Mr. Melvin travelled for 
 a New York firm, and in the latter year and early in 1876 
 superintended for a glass firm their part of the construc- 
 tion of the big main building of the Centennial Exposition 
 in Philadelphia. During the Centennial he also ran a res- 
 taurant near the Exposition grounds. In 1877 he began 
 business for himself in Cape May, opening a paint ware- 
 house at the corner of Mansion and Jackson streets, which 
 he conducted for about five years. In the spring of 1880 
 he was chosen by the people Alderman for a term of two 
 years. After serving one year of his term, in 1881, he was 
 elected Mayor for a term of two years, and was re-elected 
 in 1883 for another term. He retired from the chair in 
 1885, after an administration which was a credit to his 
 adopted city and to himself. Through his influence in the 
 summer of 1881 St. John's Commandery, No. 4, Knight 
 Templars, of Philadelphia, visited the Cape for four days, 
 and the city was gay and festive. The commandery came 
 again in 1882, and were royally entertained through the ef- 
 forts of Mayor Melvin and the committee he selected. On 
 this occasion the commandery presented him with a mag- 
 nificent Templar's charm, and conferred upon him the rare 
 honor of making him an honorary member of the command- 
 ery. In 1883 he entertained President Chester A. Arthur, 
 who was a visitor. 
 
 In the summer of 1881 the Washington Light Infantry, 
 through his efiforts, came to Cape May for their first en- 
 campment. This famous organization was commanded by 
 
CAPE MAY CITY. 437 
 
 Colonel William G. Moore, chief of police of Washing- 
 ton city, who had previously been private secretary to Presi- 
 dent Andrew Johnson. TiiO infantry was ci.mposed of the 
 cream of Washington's male population. In 1883 they 
 came again to Cape May, and were again royally enter- 
 tained. Before gomg home the infantry presented to Mayor 
 Melvin, at the Stockton Hotel, in the presence of a large 
 assemblage, a gold-headed cane, on the head of which was 
 inscribed^ "To Hon. F. Melvin, August. 1883, from the 
 Washington Light Infantry, Washington, D. C." When 
 the regiment was about to depart for their homes on that 
 visit Mayor Melvin went to the depot to bid them good- 
 bve and a safe return. In appreciation of his kindness he 
 was arrested and carried by them to Washington, and re- 
 ceived by a grand ovation, a military reception, and with 
 fireworks en route. A grand banquet was given there in 
 his honor, at which were in attendance nearly all the promi- 
 nent citizens and officers in Washington. 
 
 For nine vears previous to 1894 he was proprietor of the 
 Sea Breeze Hotel, the property of the great Pensylvania 
 Railroad. 
 
 President Cleveland appointed him postmaster of Cape 
 May City on April 16, 1886, which office he held until April 
 16, 1889, when he resie^ned and was succeeded by Post- 
 master F. L. Richardson. In 1890 he entered the hotel 
 business in Washington, which he successfully carried on 
 for three years. 
 
 In 1884 he purchased the grocer>' business of Stillwell 
 Hand, in Cape May City, and has successfully managed it. 
 In 1888 he was the Democratic nominee for State Senator, 
 but while polling a full Democratic vote was defeated in the 
 landslide which carried President Cleveland into temporary 
 retirement and made General Harrison President. He is 
 a prominent Free }^Iason. 
 
 Isaac H. Smith, merchant, is a son of Isaac Smith, pilot 
 (1805- 1 881), was born in Lower township on October 12, 
 1830. He passed his boyhood days there, and then learned 
 to be a tailor in Philadelphia. Afterwards he established 
 himself in the clothing business here, and became a suc- 
 cessful merchant. He is an elder of the Presbyterian 
 
438 HISTORY OF CAFK MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Church. He is a director of the New Jersey Trust and Safe 
 Deposit Company, and his advice in financial matters has 
 always been considered wise by a large number of people 
 who consult him frequently. He has served the city in 
 various capacities creditably. He was Tax Collector in 
 1868, and member of Council from 1873 to 1878, and again 
 from 1879 to 1882. He was chosen Treasurer of the city 
 from year to year, often without opposition, from 1883 to 
 1895. _ 
 
 Eldridge Johnson, also a prominent merchant, was born 
 January i, 1838, in West Cape May. He attended the old 
 cape school, and then began business life as a clerk in the 
 stores of Enoch Edmunds, and later was a partner Avith W. 
 Burr Miller in the general store business. For many years 
 INIr. Johnson has devoted himself to his shoe business and 
 to the management of his property. He is a trustee of the 
 Presbyterian Church, and has for years been president of 
 the Cape May Saving Fund and Building Association. Mr, 
 Johnson was seveteen times elected City Treasurer, serving 
 from i860 to 1869 and from 1871 to 1879. He w^as a mem- 
 ber of City Council from 1880 to 1883 and from 1895 to 
 the present. 
 
 The iron ocean pier was erected at the foot of Decatur 
 street in 1885 at a cost of $60,000. 
 
 James Henry Edmunds, the fifteenth and seventeenth 
 Mayor of Cape May, was born in Lower township. Cape 
 May county, August 7, 1847. He is a son of Hon. Richard 
 D. Edmunds, who has been Sheriff, Assemblyman and Re- 
 corder of Cape May City. The first office which he held was 
 that of Overseer of Poor in 1874. When the new charter 
 went into effect in March, 1875, he was elected a member 
 of the City Council for a term of two years. In March, 
 1878, he was again elected to Council for a term of two 
 years to fill a vacancy, and again in 1883 he was elected 
 for a term of three years. When he had served two years 
 of this term, in March, 1885, he was elected Mayor for a 
 term of two years, and was successively re-elected in 1887, 
 1889 and 1891. In 1893 he was defeated. He became a 
 candidate in 1895, and was elected for a two-year term. 
 He has been superintendent of the local beach front rail- 
 
CAPE MAY CrrV. 439 
 
 Toads, superintendent of the local j^as company, anil pub- 
 lisher of the Cape May Wave smce 1887. 
 
 In 1886 a scheme was g-otten up to sell the valuable fran- 
 chise of the city water works toa company headed byCieneral 
 W- W. Taylor, a brother of the literateur, IJayard Taylor, 
 for $22,000. At the head of the scheme was the Mayor, 
 James H. Edmunds, who was a pronounced corporation 
 man. At the time there were six hold-over members r' 
 Council, four for the ^ale, one against it, Joseph Q. Wil- 
 liams, and one who did not define his position, Charles H. 
 Dougherty. After a three-days' campaign the people al- 
 most unanimously elected F. Sidney Townsend, Enos R. 
 Williams and William T. Stevens as colleagues of Mr. Wil- 
 liams. Charles H. Dougherty, who was the president for 
 year beginning in 1885, resigned, and there was a tie in the 
 body over the matter — 4 to 4. Subsequently Thomas H. 
 "Williamson was elected to the vacancy. He voted with the 
 people's representatives, and thus the works were saved to 
 •fheir rightful owners. 
 
 In the autumn of 1889 the New Columbia Hotel, built 
 on the site of the Atlantic (burned in 1878), was burned 
 down. It was a brick structure, valued at $200,000. 
 
 In 1879 the present Baptist Church was erected at the 
 -corner of Franklin and Lafayette streets, but was not dedi- 
 cated untii August 14, 1892, when it was out of debt. 
 
 Francis K. Duke, who was president of the City Council 
 •during the year 1890, was born at Harper's Ferry, Va., D::- 
 cember 7, 1830, where he remained until he was ten years 
 of age, after which he lived in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. 
 and\vhen the Mount Vernon Hotel was being built in 1847. 
 lie came to Cape May. He had learned the carpenter's 
 trade, and worked on that famous hotel. While here he 
 married Miss Louisa Eldredge, a sister of Coroner Daniel 
 C Eldredge. Before the Rebellion he moved to Delaware, 
 and when the war broke out he entered the Union army U. 
 the Second Delaware Regiment, serving as second lieuten- 
 ant of Company F, and was promoted for meritorious ser- 
 vice at the battle of Savage Station. He was bushwhacked 
 at Drummondstown, Va., and his horse being shot from 
 ■«mder him he was thrown, and the horse falling upon his 
 
440 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 leg crippled him so that he has never since had its free use. . 
 He came to Cape May again in 1868, where he has ever 
 since resided, taking an active part in politics and Grancf. 
 Army affairs. He has always been a Republican, is past 
 commander of John Mecray Post, No. 40, G. A. 
 R., and is a builder of note. For ten years he served as 
 Justice of the Peace in Lower township, and in 1886 he was- 
 elected by City Council to the vacancy caused by the death 
 of the late Thomas H. Williamson, ^nd re-elected by the 
 people for the unexpired term for one year. In 1888 he was- 
 chosen for a full term of three years, and was the president 
 of the body diiring the year beginning March, 1890. In the- 
 fall of 1893 he was elected Coroner for Cape May county, 
 and served three years. 
 
 James M. E. Hildreth, the sixteenth and eighteenth May- 
 or of the city of Cape May, is a son of Hon. Alvin P. Hil- 
 dreth. who has served his city in various public offices, and 
 served his county as a member of the State Legislature and 
 the State as a Riparian Commissioner under the administra- 
 tion of Governor George T. Werts. The younger Hildreth 
 was born in Cape May City, December 9, 1858, and for 
 twelve years as a child lived in this city. His maternal an- 
 cestors were of the Wales family, whose history is well. 
 known, his great uncle, E. L. B. Wales, being at one time 
 a judge of the New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals. 
 the highest tribunal in the State. 
 
 When Mr. Hildreth reached his twelfth year he was taken 
 to Mount Holly, where he remained, finishing his education 
 at the Mount Holly Academy, which has been a famoup 
 institution of its kind. After leaving school he studied law 
 in the offices of Hon. Walter A. Barrows, an uncle, and 
 Hon. Joseph H. Gaskell, now President Judge of Burling- 
 ton county. After being admitted to the practice in the 
 courts of New Jersey, in 1881, he removed to his native city 
 again, where he has since resided, and become a prominent 
 practitioner and enjoys a large clientage. It is said of Mr_ 
 Hildreth that he never advises any one to take up a la\^~ 
 fight unless they have a wrong to right, and that his cases', 
 are nearly alwavs won by his thorough research. 
 
CAPE MAY CITY, 
 
 441 
 
 In 1883 Mr. Hiklreth was chosen by the City Council 
 Solicitor, and that he conducted the office in a way that 
 bespoke praise to himself was known by every one who 
 remembers the time. He held the office for one year, and 
 then did not hold another office until elected Mayor in 
 March, 1893, for a term of two years. He was always on 
 hand to receive all visitins- delep-ations. It was through his 
 efforts mainly that the Fourth of July celebration of 1893 
 was a success. The principal speaker was Benjamin Harri- 
 son, ex-President of the United States. The ceremonies 
 took place on the Stockton Hotel piazza and Mayor Hil- 
 
 ^^^r:^! 
 
 JAMES M. E. niLDRETir. 
 
 dreth had the honor of introducing the famous visitor, and 
 every one remarked on the occasion of the gracefulness by 
 which it was done. During that year of Mr. Hildreth's ad- 
 ministration, by his efforts, City Council secured as much 
 for the city in the improvement line as any preceding Coun- 
 cil, and yet so economical v^as the city's affairs managed 
 that each taxpayer was saved fourteen per cent, of his usual 
 net amount of tax. 
 
 In 1895 the City Council again elected Mr. Hiklreth 
 City Solicitor for a term of one year. In 1897 he was again 
 chosen Mavor. He is a member of the First Presbyterian 
 
442 HISTORY OF CAPK MAY COT'XTY. 
 
 Church of this city, and since January, 1885, has been a 
 trustee and treasurer of the church. Since 1886, when the" 
 company was organized, he has been general manager of 
 the Frankhn Electric Light Company, of this city. He is 
 also a director in the South Jersey Railroad Company, 
 which opened a competing line to Cape May in 1894 dur- 
 ing his term as Mayor. 
 
 He is an active member of the Cape May City Athletic 
 Club, which was organized August 15, 1887, and had for its 
 directors, Ijesides himself, General William J. Sewell, of 
 Camden, State Senator (afterwards Congressman) Jolm E, 
 Reyburn, of Philadelphia; George W. Boyd, assistant gen- 
 eral passenger agent of the great Pennsylvania Railroad; 
 Max Riebenack, the auditor of freight receipts of the same 
 great corporation; W. S. P. Shields, the Philadelphia build- 
 er; Charles A. Hart, of Philadelphia; General Clinton P. 
 Paine, of Baltimore, and Nathan C. Price, of this city. 
 Mr. Reyburn was president; General Sewell, vice-president; 
 Mr. Hildretli, secretary and attorney, and Air. Riebenack, 
 treasurer. 
 
 James J. Doak, president of Council from 1892 to 1894, 
 was born in the First ward of Philadelphia, November 7, 
 1844. He was educated in the public schools of that city, 
 principally at the Weccacoe and Mount A'ernon Grammar 
 Schools. Between school hours he was clerk in a grocery 
 and provision store. Early in 1862, when not yet eighteen 
 years of age, he enlisted as a private in the Nineteenth Penn- 
 sylvania Regiment, but was not accepted because of his 
 youthfulness. He enlisted a second time early in 1863 in 
 the Fifty-ninth Pennsylvania Regiment, and served in it foiu 
 months, the time for which the regiment was nntstered. Af- 
 ter lieing discharged therefrom he again entered the army 
 as a private in the One Hundred and Ninety-sixth Regiment, 
 servi.: ;■ a full enlistment. He then learned the carpenter's 
 trade, and in 1868 came to Cape May, where he has ever 
 since resided. He followed his trade here for a while, but in 
 1869 became a member of the police force, in which he 
 served eighteen years, being chief for eight years from 1870. 
 He became a hotel detective and served in the Stockton 
 
LIFE FOLL()WIX(; 'I'HE IJEBEELIOX. 443 
 
 IHotcl and Congress Hall, Cape May, and W'illard's, Wash- 
 ington. He was for some years a detective of the Pennsyl- 
 vania Railroad, operating on the New Jersey Division. In 
 1887 he was elected for a full term of three years as a mem- 
 ber of the City Council, and has since been three times re- 
 -elected, holding the position at the present time. He has 
 .been for several years assistant chief of the Cape May Fire 
 Department. In politics he is a Republican, and a leader in 
 ^the party. 
 
 Alonzo L. Leach, M. D., second son of Joseph S. Leach, 
 was born at Cape May City March 19, 1845; received his 
 education at our public schools and under private tutors; 
 began the study of medicine at Harvard Medical College 
 and completed the same at JelTerson Medical College, from 
 which he was graduated with honors in 1868. Upon his 
 graduation he was appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy in 
 the Philadelphia School of Anatomy. In 1869 he was com- 
 missioned first assistant surgeon of the First Regiment, 
 Pennsylvania National Guard, and was with his command 
 ■on the several occasions it was called into service to quell 
 'formidable riots in Pennsylvania. During the railroad riots 
 at Pittsburg in 1877 he was in charge of the division hos- 
 pital, and on his return home was promoted surgeon for his 
 meritorious service with rank as major. He resig^ned his 
 commission after a service of thirteen years in the Guard, 
 and after practicing medicine in Philadelphia with marked 
 •success for twenty years he was obliged to relinquish his 
 work there on account of impaired health. Returning to 
 Cape May in 1887 to recuperate his health, he here, later, 
 resumed practice. While in Philadelphia he wrote on medi- 
 ■^cal subjects, his writings being published in the then cur- 
 rent medical magazines. One article published in the 
 American Medical Journal on "The Influence of Close Con- 
 finement in Prisons on the Production of Phthisis" was 
 translated into many of the leading magazines of Europe^ 
 He was a member of the Pathological Society and of the 
 Philadelphia County Medical Society. He is president of 
 the ])oard of Health of Cape May City, being elected in 
 1892, and was elected member of the Board of Education of 
 
444 HISTORY OF CAFE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 the same city in 1896, and vice-president of the Cape May 
 County Medical Society in 1897. 
 
 Lewis T. Stevens, president of Council in 1894, was born, 
 in West Cape May, August 22, 1868, and is a son of Wil- 
 liam T. Stevens, and grandson of William S. Hooper. He- 
 obtained his education in Cape May public schools and at 
 Princeton College. Early in life he became an amateur jour- 
 nalist, then learned the trade of a printer, and finally became 
 a newspaper correspondent. In 1892 he was elected to- 
 City Council for three years, serving as president the last 
 year. 
 
 F. Sidney Townsend was born at Seaville, this county, 
 June 21, 1849, and 's a grandson of Joshua Townsend,., 
 Legislator. He obtained his educotion in Seaville, and in 
 1875 removed to Cape May City, where he has since re- 
 sided. He was a member of Council from 1883 to 1892,, 
 and was chosen in 1896 for another full term of three years. 
 He was president of Council in 1889 and in 1891. He was- 
 Alderman from 1894 to 1896. 
 
CHA1''1ER XXXI. 
 THE BOROUGHS. 
 
 Ocean Citv, on Peck's beach, came into existence as a 
 •temperance and Methodist summer resort in 1880. It grew 
 rapidly and is second now only to Cape May City in pros- 
 perity. It was beautifully laid out. In 1884 it was organ- 
 ized as a borough government. In 1897 it was made a city, 
 and with the following as its bounds: Beginning at a point 
 in the line of low-water mark on the northerly side of Cor- 
 son's Inlet at the intersection of low-water mark to said 
 Corson's Inlet with low-water mark of the Atlantic Ocean; 
 thence northwesterly along and in line of low-w^ater mark 
 of said Corson's Inlet to the intersection thereof with Beach 
 Thoroughfare; thence northeasterly along said Beach Thor- 
 oughfare to the most easterly channel of Peck's Bay; thence 
 still northeasterly in and along the most easterly channel 
 of Peck's Bay and Great Egg Harbor Bay to the dividing 
 line between Cape May county and Atlantic county; thence 
 following said dividing line in a southeasterly direction 
 down Great Egg Harbor Bay and Great Egg Harbor In- 
 let to the Atlantic Ocean ; thence extending into the Atlan- 
 tic Ocean as far as the jurisdiction of the State of New 
 Jersey extends; thence southwesterly along and in the said 
 jurisdictional line of the State to a point in said line at 
 right angles to low-water mark on the north side of Cor- 
 soli's Inlet aforesaid; thence northwesterly to the place of 
 beginning. 
 
 it has^a water works, by which water is obtained from 
 artesian wells driven nearly 800 feet in the earth. A sew- 
 age and drainage svstem has been introduced. The town 
 is Ughted bv electricity. The leading hotels are the Bngh- 
 ton,^Illinois. Emmett. Wesley House, Vandaha, Strand. La- 
 fayette, Travmore, Excursion and Adams' Casino. It has 
 a public school, a Methodist church, built in 1890; St. Au- 
 
44(5 JIISTOUY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 gustine's (Catholic) Church, bulk in 1895, and an Episcopal, 
 church, built in 1897. 
 
 The West Jersey Railroad was opened to Ocean City in 
 1884. 
 
 Gainer P. Moore, the first Mayor, was born in Chester- 
 county, Pa., in 1836, where he obtained his education. He- 
 served honorably in the civil war on the Union side. In. 
 1866 he became a merchant in Philadelphia, and in 1881 
 he came to Ocean City, and has since been an energetic, 
 public citizen. He is a Methodis't in religion. 
 
 James E. Pryor, the second Mayor, was born near L >- 
 gansport, Indiana, April 24, 1861, and was educated in ;he- 
 public schools there and at nineteen became a teacher in 
 them. He fitted himself for the medical profession in the 
 University Medical College at Detroit, Mich., graduating 
 in 1888. He then came to Ocean City. 
 
 Harry G. Steelman, fourth Mayor, was a native of Wey- 
 mouth, N. J., and settled in Ocean City in 1888. 
 
 Robert Eisher, fifth Mayor, is a real estate agent of con- 
 siderable activity. 
 
 Wildwood was founded by Philip Pontius Baker, of Vine- 
 land, N. J., about 1890. 
 
 "Wildwood" is situated on the famous "Eive Mile 
 Beach," about six miles northeast of Cape May City. The 
 tract comprises 100 acres and it lies between the ocean 
 and the "thoroughfare." About fifty acres are in woods, 
 grand timber, some of the trees being nearly one hundred 
 feet high, and two to five in diameter. They include pine, 
 red, white and black oak, sassafras — six feet in circumfer- 
 ence — red and white cedar, holly, magnolia, wild cherry, 
 persimmon, sweet gum, beech, plum and other varieties, 
 and from the branches of many of them hang festoons of 
 beautiful green mosses, three to six feet in length. Gi- 
 gantic grape vines here flourish, one monster nearly a yard 
 in circumference ten feet from the ground, spreading away 
 over the branches of the oaks a distance of two hundred 
 feet. All underbrush, undesirable vines and bushes have 
 been cleared away, bringing to view the innumerable va- 
 riety of beautiful wild flowers which cover the ground in 
 every direction. An authority on the subject states that 
 
THE BOKOUGIHS. 447 
 
 every variety of Howcr that grows along the coast from 
 Maine to Florida is here to be found. 
 
 In the centre of the forest is a charming little body of 
 fresh water appropriately called Magnolia Lake. It is 
 about three feet in depth and is fed by a snuiU stream that 
 rises a mile or so away. It is one of the ])rcttiest spots on 
 the tract, and is especially popular with the children who 
 are never happier than when navigating the lake in boats. 
 
 Here and there in the woods are rare and interesting spec- 
 imens of nature's handiwork, to see which is alone worth 
 a visit to the "Beach." There is, for example, an immense 
 huckleberry bush growing from the trunk of a tree twenty 
 feet from the ground, and which has for years borne large 
 crops of fine fruit. 
 
 The town was developed rapidly, and laid out in squares. 
 It is situated on the central portion of Five Mile Beach. 
 There are water works, a Baptist church, a Presbyterian 
 church and a public school there. The water is derived 
 from two artesian wells, one looo feet deep and the other 
 700 feet. The latter alone has a capacity of 500,000 gallons 
 per day. The leading hotels of the place are Flotel Dayton, 
 Marine Hall, The Latimer, Sea View, Ocean Villa, Tower 
 Villa, Silver Dean, Brighton, Woodland, Selina, Stewart, 
 Ivy and Wildwood. The West Jersey Railroad runs there. 
 The borcmgh was incorporated first on May i, 1895. 
 
 Philip P. Baker, its founder, was born at Cowan, Union 
 county. Pa., January 14, 1846. He went to school there, 
 and at sixteen when his father died, managed the farm 
 there. 
 
 In 1869, with his brother, L. R., he removed to Vineland, 
 N. J., and there conducted a general store. The Baker 
 Brothers, as their firm was known by name, built the Ba- 
 her House Block there. He was a memher of Assembly 
 from Cumberland county in 1882, and in 1886 was elected 
 State Senator from that county. He was a prominent mover 
 in having the law passed introducing manual training in the 
 public schools. Being a Democrat, he was a delegate-at- 
 large from New Jersey to the National Democratic con- 
 vention in 1888 and in 1892 was a Presidential elector, 
 
4^8 lilST'jrwY OF GATE M\Y COl'N'L'V. 
 
 casting a vote for Grover Cleveland. In 1891 he was re- 
 ceiver of the Philadelphia and Seashore Railroad. He was 
 interested in Sea Isle City's founclaticn. 
 
 In 1896 he was made New Jersey's member of the Dem- 
 ocratic National Committee. 
 
 Avalon was founded by the Seven-Mile Beach Company, 
 at the head of which v>as Frank Siddall. of Philadelphia, in 
 1887, '^'""^ ""^ ^^9^ ^ borough was created. It is situated on 
 the north end of Seven Mile Beach, and has several hotels. 
 The West Jersey Railroad is opened through it. 
 
 Thomas Bray, who has been Mayor since its incorpora- 
 tion, was born in New York city on September 5. 1843, 
 He lived there until four years of age, when he was taken 
 to Philadelphia, where he resided until 1857. He then re- 
 turned to New York, where he was educated. In 1861 he 
 came back to Philadelphia and was with the Lockwood 
 Manufacturing Company two years. He then went to New 
 York again, remaining for eight years. Soon after this he 
 became manager of Dr. J. H. Schenck's medicine manufac- 
 tory, in Philadelphia, and removed there until he became 
 secretary of Seven-Mile Beach Company, in 1886. since 
 which time he has devoted his entire time to its success. 
 
 Sea Isle City includes the whole of Ludlam's Beach, and 
 was first laid out about 1880. Charles K. Landis was its 
 founder. The island fronts six and one-quarter miles in 
 length on the Atlantic Ocean, and varies from one-quarter 
 to one and one-quarter miles in width, extending from Cor- 
 son's Inlet, on the north, to Townsend's Inlet, on the south, 
 and is bounded on the west by Ludlam Bay and a navi- 
 gable channel, called the Thoroughfare, furnishing excel- 
 lent advantages for fishing, sailing, or still-water bathing. 
 
 Sea Isle City is brilliantly illuminated at night with elec- 
 tric light, and the cottages and hotels are lighted by elec- 
 tricity. As to good water. Sea Isle City is supplied from an 
 ever-flowing well of water. All the cottages are supplied 
 with this water. 
 
 Two systems of railroads, West Jersey and Seashore, and 
 the South Jersey. 
 
 It has thirty hotels, an electric railroad, ice plant, school 
 
THE r.()K()r<;iis. 449 
 
 house, a Methodist church, built in 1888, and a CathoHc 
 church, built in 1890. 
 
 Its first Council was composed of James P. Way, Roger 
 Dever, William L. Peterson and PTudson Ludlam. 
 
 Cape May Point was set off as a political division in 1878, 
 and continued to be a borough until 1896. Its borough 
 :government, after 1890, became a matter of uncertainty, 
 its final abandonment of local government being the out- 
 come of the unconstitutionality of the law under which it 
 'existed. It is now a part of Lower township. It has an 
 •electric light works, a water plant, four or five hotels, sev- 
 eral boarding houses, a public school, a Baptist, a Catholic 
 and an Episcopal church. 
 
 Anglesea was made a borough in 1885. It is a great re- 
 sort for fishermen, who go to sea to fish. It contains several 
 Botels and boarding cottages. 
 
 Holly Beach was also made a borough in 1885. and has 
 several hotels and boarding cottages. 
 
 West Cape May was made a borough and came out of 
 Lower township in 1884. Out of it was made South Cape 
 May Borough ten years later. 
 
APPENDIX A. 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE. 
 
 A list of the Meuil^ers of the Legislature from the tirst record of them after 
 the surreu ler of the Government in Queen Anne'« reign in 1703 to the 
 pre.seut time. 
 
 DATE. 
 
 1702 to 
 1707 to 
 170S to 
 1700 to 
 1710 to 
 1717 to 
 1723 to 
 1733 to 
 1740 to 
 
 1743 to 
 
 1744 to 
 
 1745 to 
 1760 to 
 1771 to 
 1773 to 
 177G to 
 
 1707 
 1708 
 1700 
 1710 
 1717 
 1723 
 1733 
 1740 
 1743 
 1744 
 1745 
 1769 
 1771 
 1773 
 1776 
 1778 
 
 1778 to 1779 
 
 1779 to 1780 
 
 1780 to 1781 
 
 1781 to 1782 
 
 1782 to 1783 
 
 1783 to 1784 
 
 1784 to 1785 
 
 1785 to 1786 
 
 1786 to 1787 
 
 1787 to 1789 
 
 1789 to 1790 
 
 1790 to 1791 
 
 1791 to 1793 
 
 COUNCIL. 
 
 Jonathan Hand. 
 
 Jonathan Jenkins. 
 Jesse Hand. 
 
 Je-sse Hand. 
 
 Elijah Hughes. 
 Jesse Hand. 
 
 Jesse Hand. 
 Jeremiah Eldredge. 
 Elijah Hughes. 
 
 Jeremiah Eldredge. 
 
 Jeremiah Eldredge. 
 
 Jeremiah Eldredge. 
 
 Jeremiah Eldredge. 
 
 Jeremiah Eldredge. 
 
 ASSEMBLY. 
 
 reter Fretwell. 
 
 IV'ter Corson. 
 
 Ezeliiel Eldredge. 
 
 Jacob Spic'er, P«-ter FretAvell. 
 
 Jacob Spicer, Jacob Huling. 
 
 Jacob Spicer. Jeremiah Bass. 
 
 Humphrey Hughes, Xath'l Jenkins. 
 
 Aaron Learning, 1st, Heni-y Young, t/ 
 
 Aaron Learning, Aaron Learning, Jr. 
 
 Aaron Leaming, John Willets. 
 
 Henry Young, Jacob Spicer, 2d. \ 
 
 Aaron Learning 2d, Jacob Spicer 2d. \ 
 
 Aaron Leaming 2d, NicliolasStillwelL 
 
 Aaron Learning 2d. Jonathan Hand. 
 
 Eli Eldredge, Jonathan Hand. 
 
 Eli Eldredge, Joseph oavage, Hugh 
 Haythorn. 
 
 Eli Eldredge. Richard ToAvnsend. 
 
 Henry Y. Townsenu, James Whill- 
 den, J(mathan Leaming. 
 
 Joseph Hildreth. Jeremiah Eldredge, 
 :\IatThe\v Whillden. 
 
 Richard Townsend. 
 
 Matthew Whillden, John Baker, Eli- 
 jah Townsend. 
 
 John Baker, Joseph Hildreth. 
 
 Elijah Townsend, Levi Eldredge. 
 
 Elijah Townsend, John Baker, Nezer 
 Swain. 
 
 Matthew Whillden, John Baker, Eli- 
 jah Townsend. 
 
 Matthew Whillden, Richard Town- 
 send, Elijah Townsend. 
 
 Eh Townsend, Nezer Swain, Elijah 
 Townsend. 
 
 Richard Townsend, Nezer Swain, 
 Elijah Townsend. 
 
 Richard Townsend, Matthew Whill- 
 den, Elijah Townsend. 
 
MEMBERS OF THE LElilSLATT UE. 
 
 451 
 
 DATE. 
 
 COUMCIL. 
 
 ASSE3IBLY. 
 
 1793 to 1794 
 
 1794 to 179.". 
 
 1795 to 1790 
 
 1796 to 1797 
 
 1797 
 1798 
 1799 
 ISOl 
 1803 
 1804 
 1805 
 1806 
 1807 
 1808 
 1809 
 1810 
 1811 
 1812 
 1813 
 1814 
 1815 
 1819 
 1821 
 1822 
 1823 
 1824 
 1825 
 1827 
 1830 
 1831 
 1834 
 1836 
 1838 
 1840 
 1842 
 
 to 179S 
 to 1799 
 TO 1801 
 to 1803 
 to 1804 
 to 1805 
 to 1806 
 to 1807 
 to 1808 
 to 1809 
 to 1810 
 to 1811 
 to 1812 
 to 1813 
 to 1814 
 to 1815 
 to 1819 
 to 1821 
 to 1822 
 to 1823 
 to 1824 
 to 1825 
 to 1827 
 to 1830 
 to 1831 
 to 1834 
 to 1836 
 to 1838 
 to 1840 
 to 1842 
 to 1844 
 
 Session Dates 
 
 1845 
 
 1846 
 
 1847 
 
 1848 and 1849 
 
 1850 and 1851 
 
 1852 
 
 1853 
 
 1854 and 1855 
 
 1856. 1857 
 
 and 1858 
 1859 and 1860 
 1861 
 1862. 1863 
 
 and 1864 
 
 .lereuiiali Eldredge. 
 
 Matthew Wliilldeu. 
 Matthew WhiUden. 
 
 I'aruienas Coisou. 
 
 I'armenas Corson. 
 I'armenas Corson. 
 John Townsend. 
 I^arnieiia.s Corsuii. 
 Ebenezer Newton. 
 I'r.ruienas Corson. 
 William Eldredge. 
 :Matthew Whillden. 
 Ebenezer Newton. 
 Joseph Falkenburge 
 Matthew \Miillden. 
 Matthew Whillden. 
 Nathaniel Holniesi. 
 Joseph Falkenburge. 
 Joseph Fallcenbnrge. 
 Furnian Learning. 
 Joshua Swain. 
 Thomas H. Hughes. 
 Thomas H. Hughes. 
 ThoiDas H. Hughes. 
 Joshua Swain. 
 Thomas H. Hughes. 
 Joshua Swain. 
 Issrael Townsend. 
 Israel Townsend. 
 Joshua Townsend. 
 Jeremiah Learning. 
 Richard Thompson. 
 Amos Corson. 
 Thomas P. Hughes, 
 j Maurice Beesley. 
 
 ! SENATE. 
 
 Reuben Willits. 
 Reuben Willits. 
 James L. Smith. 
 James L. Smith. 
 Enoch Edmunds. 
 Enoch Edmunds. 
 Joshua Swain, Jr. 
 .Toshua Swain, Jr. 
 
 Jesse H. Diverty. 
 Downs Edmunds. 
 Downs Edmunds. 
 
 Jonathan F. Learning Wilmon W. Ware. 
 
 Ricliar<l Townsend, Matthew Whill- 
 (Un. Ebenezer Newton. 
 
 David .ri)hns(m. liichard Townsend. 
 
 Richard Townsend. Reuben Town- 
 send. Eleazer Hand. 
 
 Abi.iah Smith. i:iijah Townsend^ 
 Richard Townsend. 
 
 IVrsons Leaming. 
 
 Elijah Townsend. 
 
 Abiiah Smith. 
 
 I'ersdus Le.-iming. 
 
 Joseph Falkenburge. 
 
 Matthew Whillden. 
 
 'J'honias Hughes. 
 
 Nicholas Willets. 
 
 I'homas H. Hughes. 
 
 Nicholas Willets. 
 
 Thomas H. Hughes. 
 
 Joseph Falkenburge. 
 
 Nicholas Willets. 
 
 Thanias IL Hughes. 
 
 Jushua Swain. 
 
 Kubert H. Holmes. 
 
 Nicholas Willets. 
 
 Joshua Townsend. 
 
 Nicliolas Willets. 
 
 .Toshua Townsend. 
 
 Israel Townsend. 
 
 Israel Townsend. 
 
 Israel Townsend. 
 
 .Joshua Townsend. 
 
 .Jeremiah Leaming. 
 
 Jeremiah Leaming. 
 
 Richard Thompson. 
 
 Amos CoTSon. 
 
 Thomas P. Hughes. 
 
 Maurice Beesley. 
 
 Reuben Willets. 
 
 House of Assembly. 
 John Stites. 
 Samuel Townsend. 
 Richard S. Ludlam. 
 Nathaniel Holmes, Jr. 
 Mackey Williams. 
 Joshua Swain. 
 Waters B. Miller. 
 Jesse H. Diverty. 
 
 Downs Edmunds, Jr. 
 Abram Reeves. 
 Jonathan F. Leaming, 
 
452 PlISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Ses;sion Date^. 
 
 SENATE. 
 
 House of As.sembly. 
 
 1865, 1806 
 
 
 
 and 1867 
 
 ^^'ilulon ^■\'. ware. 
 
 Thomas Beesh'y. 
 
 1868 
 
 Leaminy M. llice. 
 
 Samuel R. Magonag-le. 
 
 1869 and 1870 
 
 Et^auiiuy .M. IJicc. 
 
 Thomas Becsley. 
 
 1871, 1872 
 
 
 
 and 1873 
 
 TlioiuMs Beesley. 
 
 Richard 8. Leaming. 
 
 1874 
 
 Kicliaid S. "Leamiug. 
 
 Alexander Young. 
 
 1875 
 
 Kicliard S. Leaiuing. 
 
 Richai-d D. Edmunds. 
 
 1876 
 
 Richard S. Lwmiiug. 
 
 William T. Stevens. 
 
 1877 aud 1878 
 
 .Jnuatjuiu F. Lenuiiii.L;-. 
 
 William T. Stevens. 
 
 1879 
 
 •loualjian F. Leamiui,'. 
 
 Daniel ScLelliuger. 
 
 1880 
 
 ^^'aters B. Miller. 
 
 Jesse D. Ludlam. 
 
 1881 aud J 882 
 
 Waters B. Miller. 
 
 Fiu-man L. Richardson. 
 
 1883, 1884 
 
 
 
 and 1885 
 
 Waters B. Miller. 
 
 Jesse D. Ludlam. 
 
 iv^F and 3 887 
 
 Joseph H. Hanes. 
 
 Alvin r. Hildreth. 
 
 1888 
 
 Joseph H. Hanes. 
 
 Walter S. Leaming. 
 
 1881). LS90 
 
 ' 
 
 
 aud 1891 
 
 Walter S. Learning. 
 
 Eugene C. Cole. 
 
 1892. 1893 
 
 
 
 aud 1894 
 
 Lemuel E. :Miller. 
 
 Edmund L. Ross. 
 
 3895 and 1896 : 
 
 Edmund L. Koss. 
 
 Furnian L. Ludlam. 
 
 1897 
 
 Edmund L. Ross. 
 
 Robert E. Hand. 
 
 DIRECTORS OF THE FREEHOLDERS. 
 
 1827— Joseph Falkinburge. 
 1830— Richard Thompson. 
 1831— Joseph Falkinburge. 
 1833— Samuel Matthews. 
 1834— Nathaniel Holmes. 
 1841— Franklin Hand. 
 1842— Jonathan J. Springer. 
 1844— Franklin Hand. 
 184.5— Stephen Young. 
 1846— John Smith. 
 1847— Nathaniel Holmes. 
 1851— William S. Townsend. 
 
 1855— Hez^kiah W. Godfrey. 
 1859- Samuel F. W^are. 
 1861— Tliomas Williams. 
 1869— Aaron Miller. 
 1870— Alexander Young. 
 1878— Alexander Corson, 
 1888— John W. Reeves. 
 1893— William Lake. 
 1894— Andrew "NA'eeks. 
 1895— AVilliani T. Bate. 
 189e,_A. Carlton Hildreth. 
 
APPENDIX B. 
 
 BOARDS OF FREEHOLDKKvS. 
 
 Members of the l>oards of Chosen Freeholders from 1827 
 to 1897: 
 
 1827 — Ezekiel Stevens. Thomas P. Hughes, Lower; 
 Ephraim Hildreth, Joseph Falkenburg, Middle; Jacob G. 
 Smith, Samnel Bishop, Dennis; John Williams, Amos Cor- 
 son, Upper. 
 
 1828 — John Williams, Amos Corson, Upper; Samuel 
 Bishop, Christopher Ludlam. Denrd^; Joseph Falkenburg, 
 Ephraim Hildreth, Middle; Ezekiel SLevens, Reuben Fos- 
 ter. Lower. 
 
 1829 — Stephen ^'oung. Parmenas Corson, Upper; Chris- 
 topher Ludlam, Samuel Bishop, Dennis: Joseph Falken- 
 burg. Ephraim Hildreth, iMiddle: Ezekiel Stevens, Spicer 
 Learning, Lower. 
 
 1830 — Parmenas Corson. Stephen Young. Upper; Amos 
 C. Moore, Elijah Robinson. Dennis; Richard Thompson, 
 Swain Townsend. Middle: Ezekiel Stevens. Downs Ed- 
 munds, Lower. 
 
 183 1 — Parmenas Corson, Stephen Young, Upper; John 
 Smith, Elijah Robinson, Dennis; Joseph Falkenburg, Sam- 
 uel Springer, Middle: Ezekiel Stevens, Alexander ]\IcKean, 
 Lower. 
 
 1^23 — Parmenas Corson. Stephen Young, Upper; 
 John Smith, Elijah Robinson, Dennis: Joseph Falkenburg, 
 Samuel Springer. Middle: Ezekiel Stevens, Alexander Mc- 
 Kean, Lower. 
 
 1833 — John Williams, Stephen Young, Upper; Samuel 
 ]\Iatthews. James L. Smith. Dennis; Jeremiah Hand. Sam- 
 uel Springer. Middle; Ezekiel Stevens, Joseph B. Hughes, 
 Lower. 
 
 1834 — Parmenas Corson, David Kinsey. Upper: Jacob 
 Souder, Nathaniel Holmes, Dennis; Ephraim Hildreth, 
 
 ) 
 
4o4 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 John Townsend, Middle; ToscdIi B. Hug-hes. David Cresse, 
 
 Lower. 
 
 1835 — John Stites, David Kinsey, Upper; Nathaniel 
 
 Holmes, James L. Smith, Dennis; John Townsend, Eph- 
 
 raim Hildreth, Middle; Israel Townsend, David Cresse, 
 Lower. 
 
 1836 — David Kinsey. John Stites, Upper; Nathaniel 
 Holmes, Jacob G, Smith. Dennis; Joseph Falkenburg, 
 Ephraim Hildreth, Middle; Israel Townsend, David Cresse, 
 Lower. 
 
 1837 — Jo^i" Williams, Eli Bnnnell, Upper; Jacob G. 
 Smith, Nathaniel Holmes, Dennis; Samuel Springer, Frank- 
 lin Hand, Middle; Ezekiel Stevens, David Cresse, Lower. 
 
 1838 — John Williams. Eli Bunnell, Upper; Nathaniel 
 Holmes. James L. Smith, Dennis; Franklin Hand, Samuel 
 Springer, Middle; Ezekiel Stevens, David Cresse, Lower. 
 
 1839 — David Kimsey, Miles Corson, Upper; Nathaniel 
 Holmes, James L. Smith, Dennis; Franklin Hand, Jonathan 
 J. Springer, Middle; Ezekiel Stevens, David Cresse, Lower. 
 
 1840 — John Williams, John Stites, Upper; Nathaniel 
 Holmes, William S. Townsend, Dennis; Franklin Hand, 
 Jonathan J. Springer, Middle; Ezekiel Stevens, David 
 Cresse, Lower. 
 
 1841 — Randolph Marshall, John Stites, Upper; James L. 
 Smith, Amos C. Moore, Dennis; Franklin Hand, Jonathan 
 J. Springer, Middle; David Cresse, Ezekiel Stevens, Lower. 
 
 1842 — Eli Bunnell, Hezekiah W. Godfrey, Upper; Amos 
 C. Moore, James L. Smith, Dennis; Jonathan J. Springer, 
 Jonathan Hewitt, Jr., Middle; Ezekiel Stevens, David 
 Cresse, Lower. 
 
 1843 — Eli Bunnell, Hezekiah W. Godfrey, Upper; John 
 Smith, James L. Smith, Dennis; Jonathan J. Springer, 
 Franklin Hand, Middle; Israel Townsend, Ezekiel Stevens, 
 Lower. 
 
 1844 — Hezekiah W. Godfrey, Daniel Corson, Upper; 
 Jame L. Smith, John Smith, Dennis; Franklin Hand, 
 Thomas Hewitt, Middle; Israel Townsend, Ezekiel Stev- 
 ens, Lower. 
 
 1845 — Stephen Young, Reuben Gandy, Upper; James L. 
 
l'.()AUI>S OI' FUIvi:iI()I.l>KKS. 455 
 
 •Smith, John Smith, Dennis; EH Townsend, Thomas Hew- 
 itt, Middle; Spicer Hughes, Abraham Reeves, Lower. 
 
 1846 — Thomas \'an Gilder, Ezra Corson, Upper; James 
 L. Smith, John Smith, Dennis; Thomas Hewitt, Stephen 
 Hand, Middle; David Cresse, Abraham Reeves, Lower. 
 
 1847 — Hezekiah W. Godfrey, Stephen Young, LIpper; 
 Nathaniel Holmes, James L. Smith, Dennis; Richard 
 Thompson. Stephen Hand, Middle; Israel Townsend, Sam- 
 uel Fithian Ware. Lower. 
 
 1848 — Stephen Young, Hezekiah W. Godfrey, Upper; 
 Nathaniel Holmes. James L. Smith. Dennis; Richard 
 Thompson, Stephen Hand, Middle; Israel Townsend, Sam- 
 uel F. Ware, Lower. 
 
 1849 — Stephen Young. Hezekiah W. Godfrey, Upper; 
 Nathaniel Holmes, James L. Smith, Dennis; Richard 
 Thompson, Richard C. Holmes. Middle; Israel Townsend, 
 Samuel F. Ware, Lower. 
 
 1850 — Hezekiah W. Godfrey, Levi Corson, Upper; Na- 
 thaniel Holmes. William S. Townsend, Dennis; Richard 
 Thompson, Richard C. Holmes, Middle; Israel Townsend, 
 Lemuel Swain, Lower. 
 
 185 1 — Levi Corson. Townsend Stites, Upper; James L. 
 Smith. William S. Townsend, Dennis; Stephen Hand, 
 Matthew Marcy, Middle; Abraham Reeves. Israel Town- 
 send. Lower; Joseph Ware, William Cassedy, City of Cape 
 Island. 
 
 1852 — Townsend Stites. Hezekiah W. Godfrey, Upper; 
 William S. Townsend, James L. Smith, Dennis; Stephen 
 Hand, Matthew Marcy, Middle; Israel Townsend, Abram 
 Reeves, Lower; William Cassedy, Charles Downs, Cape 
 Island. 
 
 1853— Hezekiah W. Godfrey, Thomas Van Gilder. Up- 
 per; William S. Townsend, James L. SmHh, Dennis; Mat- 
 thew Marcy, Stephen Hand. Middle; Israel Townsend, 
 Abraham Reeves. Lower; William Cassedy, Richard S. 
 Ludlam, Cape Island. 
 
 1854— Hezekiah W. Godfrey, Stephen Young, Upper; 
 WilHam S. Townsend, James L. Smith, Dennis; Matthew 
 Marcy, Stephen Hand, Middle; Downs Edmunds. Jr.. Sam- 
 
450 IIISTOKY OF CAFE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 uel F. Ware, Lower; Samuel S. Marcy, Waters B. Miller, 
 Cape Island. 
 
 1855 — Hezekiah W. Godfrey, Amos S. Corson. Upper; 
 David T. Smith, Clinton H. Ludlam, Dennis; Stephen 
 Hand, Aaron Miller, Middle; Samuel F. Ware, Richard D. 
 Edmunds. Lower; William S. Hooper. Richard S. Ludlam, 
 Cape Island. 
 
 1856 — Hezekiah W. Godfrey, Townsend Stites, Upper,- 
 Matthew Marcy. Stephen Hand, Middle; Clinton H. Lud- 
 lam, William S. Townsend, Dennis; Andrew H. Reeves, 
 Samuel F. Ware. Lower; Dr. Samuel S. Marcy, Waters B. 
 Miller, Cape Island. 
 
 1857— Hezekiah W. Godfrey. Townsend Stites, Upper;. 
 William S. Townsend, Clinton H. Ludlam, Dennis; Ste- 
 phen Hand, Aaron Miller, Middle; Samuel F. Ware. Rich- 
 ard D. Edmunds, Lower; Samuel S. Marcy, W. B. Miller, 
 Cape Island. 
 
 1858— Hezekiah W. Godfrey, Townsend Stites, Upper; 
 Clinton H. Ludlam, William S. Townsend, Dennis; Stepheo 
 Hand. Smith Townsend, Middle; Samuel F. W^are, An- 
 drew H. Reeves, Lower; Samuel S. Marcy, W. B. Miller, 
 Cape Island. 
 
 ig^g — Townsend Stites, Thomas Williams, Upper; Wil- 
 liam S. Townsend, Clinton H. Ludlam, Dennis; Stephen 
 Hand, Smith Townsend, Middle; Samuel F. Ware. An- 
 drew H. Reeves, Lower; Samuel S. Marcy, W. B. Miller, 
 Cape Island. 
 
 i860— Thomas Williams, Joseph D. Chattin, Upper; Wil- 
 liam H. Townsend, Clinton H. Ludlam, Dennis; Smith 
 Townsend, Aaron Miller, Middle; Samuel F. Ware, An- 
 drew H. Reeves, Lower; Waters B. Miller, Samuel S. 
 Marcv, Cape Island. 
 
 i86i_Thomas Williams, Townsend Stites, Upper; Wil- 
 liam S. Townsend, Clinton H. Ludlam, Dennis; Aaron Mil- 
 ler, Smith Townsend, Middle; Samuel F. Ware, Andrew 
 H. Reeves, Lower; Samuel S. Marcy, Waters B. Miller, 
 Cape Island. 
 
 1862— Thomas Williams, Townsend Stites. Upper; Clin- 
 ton H. Ludlam, Richard S. Leaming, Dennis; Aaron Mil- 
 ler, Smith Townsend, Middle: Samuel F. Ware. Andrew H. . 
 
BOARDS OF FKEEHOLDEKS. 457 
 
 Reeves, Lower; Samuel S. Marcy, Rich.ard S. Liullarn, 
 Cape Island. 
 
 1863 — Thomas Williams, Townsend Stites, Upper; Clin- 
 ton H. Ludlam. William H. Townsend, Dennis; Coleman 
 F. Learning, Alexander Young, Lower; Waters B. Miller, 
 Joseph S. Leach, Cape Island. 
 
 1864 — Thomas Williams, Sylvanus Corson, Upper; Wil- 
 liam S. Townsend, Clinton H. Ludlam, Dennis; Coleman 
 F. Learning, Alexander Young, Middle; Andrew H. 
 Reeves, Samuel F. Ware, Lower; Joseph S. Leach, James 
 S. Kennedy, Cape Island. 
 
 1865 — Thomas Williams, Sylvanus Corson, Upper; Wil- 
 liam S. Townsend, Clinton H. Ludlam, Dennis; Coleman F. 
 Leaming, Alexander Young, Middle; Joseph E. Hughes, 
 Andrew H. Stevens, Lower; Joseph S. Leach, James S. 
 Kennedy, Cape Island. 
 
 1866— Thomas Williams, Sylvanus Corson, Upper; Wil- 
 liam S. Townsend, Clinton H. Ludlam, Dennis; Aaron Mil- 
 ler, John W. Swain, Middle; Samuel F. Ware, Andrew H. 
 Reeves, Lower; Waters B. Miller, Thomas B. LIughes, 
 Cape Island. 
 
 1867 — Thomas Williams, Sylvanus Corson, Upper; Wil- 
 liam S. Townsend, Clinton H. Ludlam, Dennis; Aaron Mil- 
 ler, John W. Swain, Middle; Andrew H. Reeves. SamuoJ 
 F. Ware, I ower; Joseph O. Williams, Joseph S. Leach, 
 Cape Island. 
 
 1868 — Thomas Williams, Sylvanus Corson, LIpper; Clin- 
 ton H. Ludlam (John Grady, to fill vacancy), William S. 
 Townsend, Dennis; Aaron Miller, Alexander Young, Mid- 
 dle; Samuel F. Ware, Andrew H. Reeves, Lower; Joseph 
 S. Leach, Waters B. Miller (Joseph Q. W^illiams, to fill va- 
 cancy), Cape Island. 
 
 1869 — Sylvanus Corson, James Shoemaker, LJpper; 
 Richard S. Leaming, Thomas Townsend, Dennis; John W. 
 Swain, Aaron Miller, Middle; Samuel F. Ware, Andrew H. 
 Reeves, Lower; Samuel S. Marcy, Joseph SchellengL-i, 
 Cape Island. 
 
 1870 — Tames Shoemaker, Sylvanus Corson,.- Upper; 
 Thomas Townsend, Richard S. Leaming, Dennis; Alcxcm- 
 
458 HISTORY OF CAl E MAY COT'.NTY. 
 
 der Young, Thomas Douglass, Middle; Andrew H. Reeves, 
 Daniel Schellenger, Lower; Wilmon W. Ware, Aaron Mil- 
 ler (died, and Joseph S. Leach), Cape Island. 
 
 J871 — James Shoemaker, Richard B. Stites, Upper; 
 iRiehard S. Learning, Learning M. Rice, Dennis; Alexan- 
 der Young, Thomas Douglass, Middle; Andrew H. Reeves, 
 Daniel C. Eldredge, Lower; J. Stratton Ware, Joseph 
 Schellenger, Cape Island. 
 
 1872— James Shoemaker, Sylvanus Corson, L^pper; Rich- 
 ard S. Learning, Lcaming M. Rice, Dennis; Alexander 
 Young, Tliomas Douglass, Middle; Andrew H. Reeves, 
 Daniel C. Eldredge, Lo\\\jr; J. Stratton Ware, Richard D. 
 £dmunds. Cape Island. \ 
 
 1873 — James Shoemaker, Alexander Corson, Lipper; 
 X-eam, ng M. Rice, James Henderson, Dennis; Alexander 
 Young, Tliomas Douglass, Middle; Daniel C. Eldredge, 
 Daniel Schellenger, Lower; J. Stratton Ware, J. Henry 
 Farrow, Cape Island. 
 
 1874 — Lewis S. Williams, Alexander Corson, Upper; 
 James Henderson, Leaming M. Rice, Dennis; A.lexander 
 Young, Thomas Douglass, Middle; Daniel C. Eldredge, 
 Daniel Schellenger, Lower; J. Stratton Ware, J. Henry 
 Farrow, Cape Island. 
 
 1875 — Alexander Corson, Lewis S. Williams, Upper; 
 Leaming M. Rice, John Tyler, Dennis; Alexander Young, 
 Thomas Douglass, Middle; Daniel C. Eldredge, Daniel 
 Schellenger, Lower; J. Stratton Ware, J. Henry Farrow, 
 -Cape May City. 
 
 1876 — Alexander Corson, Anthony Steelman, Upper; 
 Learning M. Rice, John Tyler, Dennis; Alexander Young, 
 'Tlomas Douglass, Middle; Daniel Schellenger, William L. 
 Cucifmings. Lower; J. Henry Farrow, Maskel Ware, Cape 
 May City. 
 
 187*^ — Alexander Corson, Anthony Steelman, Upper; 
 Leamting M. Rice, John Tyler, Dennis; Dr. Alexander 
 Young, Tliomas Douglass, Middle; William L. Cummings, 
 John W. Reeves, Lower; J. Henry Farrow, J. Stratton 
 Ware, Cape May Ciy. 
 
 1878— Alexander Corson, Anthony Steelman, Upper; 
 Leaming M. Rice, John Tyler, Dennis; Frai klin Hand, 
 
BUAHDS OF FKEKHOLDEKS. 459 
 
 Cornelius Townsend, Middle; Daniel Schellenger, Joseph 
 C. Eldredge. Lower; Waters B. Miller, Maskel Ware, Cape 
 May City; George W. Barnes, C. B. Reeves, Cape May 
 Point. 
 
 1879 — Alexander Corson, Anthony Steelman. Upper; 
 Learning M. Rice, John Tyler, Dennis; Franklin Hand, 
 John W. Swain, Middle; Joseph C. Eldredge, Samuel 
 Tow^nsend, Lower; Waters B. Miller, Maskel Ware, Cape 
 May City; George W. Barnes, Samuel W. Wiley, Cape 
 May Point. 
 
 1880 — Alexander Corson, Anthony Steelman, Upper; 
 Learning M. Rice, John Tyler, Dennis; Franklin Fland, 
 John W. Swain, Middle; Joseph C. Eldredge, Samuel 
 Townsend, Lower; Alvin P. Hildreth, Maskel Ware, Cape 
 May City; Samuel W. Wiley, Cape May Point. 
 
 1881 — Alexander Corson, Anthony Steelman, Upper; 
 Learning M. Rice, Jesse D.Ludlam. Dennis; Franklin Hand, 
 Townsend W. Garretson, Middle; Joseph C. Eldredge, 
 Samuel Townsend, Lower; Alvin P. Hildreth, Maskel 
 Ware. Cape May City; C. Simpson, William H. Keeler, 
 Cape May Point. 
 
 1882 — Alexander Corson, Anthony Steelman, Upper; 
 Leaming M. Rice, Jesse D. Ludlam. Dennis; Townsend W. 
 Garretson, Nathaniel Newton, Middle; Joseph C. Eldredge, 
 Samuel Townsend, Lower; Alvin P. Hildreth. Maskel 
 Ware, Cape May City; C. Simpson, Howard Finley, Cape 
 May Point; Thomas E. Ludlam. William L. Peterson, Sea 
 Isle City. 
 
 1883 — Alexander Corson. Anthony Steelman, Upper; 
 Leaming M. Rice, Jesse D. Ludlam, Dennis; Townsend W. 
 Garretson. Nathaniel Newton, Middle; Joseph C. Eldredge, 
 William S. Harris. Lower; Alvin P. Hildreth, Micajah 
 Smith, Cape May City; C. Simpson. Cape May Point; 
 Crawford Buck, Sea Isle City. 
 
 1884 — Alexander Corson, Anthony Steelman. Upper; 
 Leaming M. Rice, John W. Young, Dennis; Townsend vV. 
 Garretson. Nathaniel Newton. Middle; Joseph C. Eldredge, 
 William S. Flarris. Lower; Alvin P. Hildreth. William S. 
 Hooper, Cape May City; Page Crowell, Cape May Point; 
 
4W) HISTORY or CATE MAY COUMY. 
 
 Crawford Buck, ?ca Isle City; William Lak:, L^cean City; 
 Joiin W. Reeves, West Cape May. 
 
 1885 — Alexander Corson, Benjamin H. Marshall, Upper; 
 Learning M. Rice, Henry T. Corson, Dennis; Townsend W. 
 Garretson, Nathaniel Newton. Middle; Joseph C. Eldredge, 
 William S. Harris, Lower; Alvin P. Hildreth, Micajah 
 Smith. Cape May City; Page Crowell, Cape May Point,- 
 Martin Wells, Sea Isle City; William Lake, Ocean City; 
 John W. Reeves, West Cape May; John Measy, PloUy 
 Beach; Plewlett Brower, Anglesea. 
 
 1886 — Alexander Corson, Benjamin H. Marshall, Upper; 
 Leaming M. Rice, Henry T. Corson, Dennis; Townsend W. 
 Garretson, Nathaniel Newton, Middle; Joseph C. Eldredge, 
 James H. Shaw, Lower; Micajah Smith, William S. Hoop- 
 er, Cape May City; William Lake, Ocean City; Martin 
 Wells, Sea Isle City; Hewlett Brower, Anglesea; L. M. Pan- 
 coast, Holly Beach; John W. Reeves, West Cape May: 
 Henry Jacoby, Cape May Point. 
 
 1887 — Alexander Carson, Benjamin H. Marshall, Upper; 
 Leaming M. Rice. Lewis Edwards, Dennis; Townsend W, 
 Garretson. Nathaniel Newton, Middle; Micajah Smith, Wil- 
 liam S. Hooper. Cape May City; Joseph C. Eldredge. Wil- 
 liam T. Bate. Lower; William Lake. Ocean City; Martin 
 Wells, Sea Isle City; Hewlett Brower, Anglesea; L. M. 
 Pancoast, Holly Beach; John W. Reeves, West Cape May- 
 
 1888 — Alexander Corson, John Wallace, Upper; Lea- 
 ming M. Rice, Charles J. Devitt, Dennis; Townsend W.. 
 Garretson, Jacob G. Hand, Middle; William T. Bate. Rob- 
 ert E. Hand. Lower; Micajah Smith, William S. Hooper, 
 Cape May City; R. Curtis Robinson. Ocean City; Crawford 
 Buck. Sea Isle City; Hewlett Brower, Anglesea; L. M. Pan- 
 coast. Holly Beach; John W. Reeves, West Cape May: 
 Richard C. Stevenson, Cape May Point. 
 
 1889 — Alexander Corson, John W^allace, Upper; Lea- 
 ming M. Rice, Charles J. Devitt, Dennis; Townsend W- 
 Garretson, Jacob G. Hand, Middle; William T. Bate, Rob- 
 ert E. Hand, Lower; Micajah Smith, William S. Hooper, 
 Cape May City; Youngs Corson, Ocean City; Crawford 
 Buck, Sea Isle Citv; Hewlett Brower, Anglesea; L. IVL 
 
B()Ai:i>s oi' ]"ki:eh<)LI)Ki:s. 4GI 
 
 Pancoast, Holly reach; J( Im W. Reeves, West Cape Mas- 
 Richard C. Stevenson, Ca'pc May Point. 
 
 1890 — .Mexander Corsiii. Theophilus Corson, Upper; 
 'Charles J. Devitt. Michael Swing, Dennis; Townsend W. 
 {.iarretson, Jacob G. Hand, Middle; William T. Bate. Rob- 
 frt E. Hand, Lower; William S. Hooper, Lewis T. Entri- 
 kin, Cape May City; John W. Reeves, West Cape May; 
 James P. Spofford, Holly Beach; Andrew Weeks, Angle- 
 sea; Thomas Whittington, Sea Isle City; William Lake, 
 Ocean City. 
 
 1891 — Alexander Corson, Theophilus Corson, Upper; 
 Charles J. Devitt, Leaming M. Rice, Dennis; Townsend 
 W. Garretson, Jacob G. Hand, Middle; W^illiam T. Bate. 
 Robert E. Hand, Lower; Lewis T. Entrikin, Albert L. 
 Haynes, Cape May City; John W. Reeves, Wesi Cape May: 
 James P. Spofford, Holly Beach; Andrew Weeks, Angle- 
 sea; Thomas Whittington, Sea Isle City; William Lake, 
 Ocean City. 
 
 i892^Alexander Corson, Theophilus Corson, Upper; 
 Charles J. Devitt. Leaming M. Rice. Dennis; Townsend 
 W. Garretson, Jacob G. Hand, Middle; William T. Bate, 
 Robert E. Hand, Lower; Lewis T. Entrikin, Albert L. 
 Haynes, Cape May City; John W^ Reeves, West Cape May; 
 Andrew Weeks, Anglesea; Craw^ford Buck, Sea Isle City; 
 AVilliam Lake, Ocean City; Frank E. Smith, Holly Beach. 
 
 1893 — Alexander Corson, Theophilus Corson, Upper; 
 Leaming M. Rice, Charles J. Devitt. Dennis; Townsend W. 
 Garretson, Jacob G. Hand. Middle; William T. Bate, J. 
 Durell Hoffman. Lower; Albert L. Haynes, William T. 
 Stevens. Cape May City; William Lake, Ocean City; 
 Crawford Buck, Sea Isle City; Andrew Weeks, Anglesea; 
 Frank E. Smith. Holly Beach; Samuel E. Ewing, West Cape 
 May. 
 
 1894 — Alexander Corson, Theophilus Corson, Upper; 
 Charles J. Devitt. Joseph C. P. Smith, Dennis; A. Ca"lton 
 Hildreth. Townsend W. Garretson, Middle; J. Durell Hoti- 
 nian. William T. Bate, Lower; Albert L. Haynes, William 
 T. Stevens. Cape May City; James W. Lee. Ocean City. 
 Crawford Buck, Sea Isle City; Andrew S. Weeks. Anglesea: 
 
462 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 Frank E. Smith, Holly Beach; Samuel E. Ewing, \V'e«t 
 Cape May. 
 
 1895 — Alexander Corson, Theophilus Corson. Upper; 
 Joseph C. P. Smith, Charles J. Devitt, Dennis; Townsend W. 
 Garretson, A. Carlton Hildreth, Middle: J. Durell Hoff- 
 man, William T. Bate, Lower; Albert L. Haynes, William 
 T. Stevens, Cape May City; James W. Lee, Ocean City; 
 Crawford Buck, Sea Isle City; Edward M. Shivers, Angle- 
 sea; Charles Bridges, Holly Beach; Samuel E. Ewing, West 
 Cape ]\Iay. 
 
 1896 — Alexander Corson, Theophilus Corson, L'pper; 
 Joseph C. P. Smith, Charles J. Devitt, Dennis; Townsend 
 W. Garretson. A. Carlton Hildreth. Middle; J. Durell Hoff- 
 man, Enoch J. Hitchner, Lower; Albert L. Haynes. Robert 
 S. Hand, Cape May City. 
 
 1897 — Alexander Corson, Theophilus Corson, Upper; 
 Joseph C. P. Smith, Douglass J. Robinson, Dennis; Town- 
 send W. Garretson, A. Carlton Hildreth, Middle; J. Durell 
 Hoffman, Enoch J. Hitchner, Lower; Robert S. Hand, 
 William T. Stevens, Cape May City; Frederick P. Canfield, 
 Lewis S. Smith, Ocean City. 
 
APPENDIX C. 
 
 COUNTY OKIK<TAJ.S. 
 
 SHERIFFS. 
 
 lUlKi— Timotby Brauderetli. 
 101)5 — John Townseiid. 
 1(597— Ezekiol Eldiedge. 
 1700— Edmund iloAVfll. 
 1701— Caesar Hoskiiis. 
 1704 — ,7ohii Taylor. 
 1705— Joseph Whilldiu. 
 1711 — Humphroy IIus;ht's. 
 1711 — John Townsend. 
 1714— Kit-hard Downs. 
 1715— Robert Townsend. 
 1721— Richard Downs. 
 1722— Henry Young. 
 172o — Richard Downs. 
 1740— Constant Hughes. 
 1744— Jacob Hughes. 
 1748 — Jeremiah Hand. 
 1751 — Thomas Smith. 
 1754 — John Shaw. 
 1757 — Jeremiah Hand. 
 1700— Ebenezer Johnson. 
 17<>2— Heniy Hand. 
 17t>.5— Sylvauus ToAvnsend. 
 17<>S— r)aniel Hand. 
 1771— Eli Eldredge. 
 1772— Jonathan Jenkins. 
 1774-TIenry Y'. Townsend. 
 1777— Isaiah Stites. 
 1780 — Richard Townsend. 
 1781— Nathaniel Hand. 
 1782— Daniel (Jarretson. 
 1783— Jonathan Hildreth. 
 ] 784— Benjamin Taylor. 
 ]:-7— Phiiip Hand. 
 ITSS— Henry Stites 
 1791- Eleazer Hand. 
 1 " i l(^— Jii c(d> G od frey . 
 17J7— Jcieniiali Hand. 
 
 1198 Jon;. tlian Leaimng. 
 1801— Thomas H. Hughes. 
 1804— Jobeph Hildi-eth. 
 1807 -Cresse Townsend. 
 J8l)8— Jacob Hugh.s. 
 1809— Joshua Swain. 
 1 8 1 2 — Aa ron I.ea mi ng. 
 
 181.5- Sjiicei 
 1818— Djivid 
 1821 — Spicer 
 1824 
 1827 
 
 llllglU'S. 
 
 Townsend. 
 
 Huglus. 
 Swaiu Townseiid. 
 Thomas P. Hughes. 
 
 1830— Kii-hnrd 'I'liouipson. 
 1833—1 U(ll;im I'iersui.. 
 1834 — Joshua '^wain. Jr. 
 I,S35 — Ludlaui ]'iers<ui 
 1 835— Sa m uel A fa tt ho \vs. 
 1838 — f^amuel Springer. 
 1841 — Thomas Vangilder. 
 1844— Enoch Edmunds. 
 1847— I'eter S<mder. 
 18,50— Thomas Hewitt, Jr. 
 18.53 — Elva Corson. 
 185(>— Willi r.m S. Hooper. 
 18.59— Richard D. ]^:dniuiids_ 
 1802— Aaron Miller. 
 180.5— John Wilson. 
 1808— Anthony Steelman. 
 1871— Nelson T. Eldredge. 
 1874— Albert Adams. 
 1878— William H. Bene/.et. 
 1881 — Reming-ton Corson. 
 1884— William H. Benezet. 
 18S0— Stillwell H. Townsend. 
 188(>— James Shoemaker. Jr. 
 1889-Charles E. Nichols. 
 1892— Robert E. Hand. 
 1895— .\ndrew J. Tondin. 
 
46» 
 
 COUNTY off:c:a;.s. 
 
 COUXTY (KLERKS. 
 
 KJyS — (Tfui-ge Ta ylor. 
 1(>!)7— Timothy Braadreth. 
 1705— John 'J'aylor. 
 1730— Aaron Ix^aminij-, 1st. 
 1740— lOliiah Hughes, Sr. 
 17(>2-Klijali Hugiies, Jr. 
 1777 —.Tuna I hail Jenkins. 
 17(;8— Jeremiah Eldredue. 
 177!>— Eli Ehlredffe. 
 
 1S02— Jeremiah Hand. 
 1S04— Al)ijah Smith. 
 1S24— Kichard Thompson. 
 1829 — Lew Foster. 
 1K31— Jonathan Hand. Sr. 
 1S34- Jacob (}. Smith. 
 1 83.">— S \va i n To ay n send . 
 1840— Jonathon Hand. Jr. 
 1800- Edward L. Kiee. ■ 
 
 SURROiiATES. 
 
 1723— Jacob Sj)!cer, 1st. 
 1741— Henry Young. 
 17(i8- Eli.1ali Hughes, Jr. 
 1787— Jesse Hand. 
 1793— Jeremiah Eldredge. 
 179(>— Ebenezer NoAA'ton. 
 1802— Aaron Eldredge. 
 
 1803 — Jehu To\A-nsend. 
 1831 — Humplii'ey Leaming. 
 1852 — Eb^.iah ToAvnsend. 
 18(>3— Peter Sunder. 
 1871— Jonatlian F. Lea mini 
 1877— WiUiam HiUlrfHh. 
 
 COUNTY COLLECTORS. 
 
 1S27— Robert M. Holmes. 
 1840— Cliarles Hand. 
 18G5— Dr. Jolin Wiley. 
 
 1880— David T. Smith. 
 1888— Edmund L. Ross. 
 
 LOAN COM]\nSSIONERS. 
 
 1837— Robert INI. Holmes. 
 1840— Richard Thompson. 
 1844- Franklin Hand. 
 1854— Henry Swain. 
 185G— Richard Thompson. 
 
 1857 — Henry SAvain. 
 1862— Ric'luird IX Edmunds. 
 1803 — Dr. Coleman F. Learning. 
 188(1— John B. Huffman. 
 
 CLERKS OF BOARDS OF FREEHOLDERS. 
 
 1827— James ToAvrtsend. 
 1831— Joshua Swain^ Jr. 
 18(i0— Edward Y'. Swain. 
 
 1871— Joseph E. Hughes. 
 1873 — Vr. V. L. Seigman. 
 1884- Samuel ToAvnsend. 
 
 SUPERINTENDENTS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 ISGG— Maurice Beesley, M. D. 1884— Vincent O. Miller. 
 1881— Rev. Eilward P. Shields. 1896— Aaron W. Hand. 
 
APPENDIX D. 
 I'OSTMASTKKS. 
 A list of postmasters of Cape May county, and the times of 
 tlicir appfointments: 
 
 VXTE .^!A^ Cin'KT HOUSE. 
 J.eremiah Hand, January i. 1803. 
 Jnnatlian Jarman, July i, 1804. 
 Xathaniel Holmes. February 15, 1808. 
 Mark A. Carroll, August 18, 1810. 
 loseph Fifiekl. August 27, 1829. 
 ]ames Hildretli, ( )ctober 18, 1838. 
 John M. Hand, March 7. 1844. 
 James Hildreth, November 12, 1846. 
 Elijah Townsend, Jr., April 19, 1847. 
 John Farrow. July 15, 1853. 
 Xkholas A. W'entzell, April 16, 1858. 
 James McCartney, September 10, i860. 
 Charles E. Nichols, September 21, 1885. 
 Harrv S. Douglass. April 17, 1889. 
 Charies E. Nichols, December 20, 1893. 
 
 CAPE ISLAND. 
 Ellis Hughes. January 30, 1804. 
 Alexander Mackenzie, March 8, 1820. 
 Joseph B. Hughes, April 4, 1833. 
 Jonas Miller, June 18, 1835. 
 James Clark, July 7, 1845. 
 George W. Hughes, May 9, 1849. 
 John K. E. Stites, July 28, 185 1. 
 Samuel S. Marcy, January 20, 1853. 
 James Clark, I^Iarch 13, 1857. 
 Samuel R. Magonagle, December 5, 1859. 
 Joseph S. Leach, June 26, 1863. 
 Joseph Ware, July 10, 1866. 
 Name changed to Cape May. January 15, 1869. 
 
4C6 HISTORY OF CAPE MAV COUNTY. 
 
 C.^VK MAY. 
 
 Joseph W'are. January 15, 1869. 
 Jonathan S. Garrison, January 13, 1871. 
 Joseph E. Hughes, February 3, 1882. 
 Waters B. Miller, March 12, 1886. 
 Frederick J. Melvin, April 16, 1886. 
 Furman L. Richardson, April 16, 1889. 
 John W. Thompson, April 9, 1894. 
 
 SEA 1SI.E CITY. 
 George Whitney, June 20, 1882. 
 John S. Morris, August 29. 1883. 
 William R. Uryant, September 15, 1885. 
 J. Monroe Chester, April 17, 1889. 
 Lewis Steinmeyer, May 1, 1894. 
 
 SEA (iKOVPl 
 Alexander W. Springer. March 2y, 1876. 
 Name changed to Cape May Point, August 8, 1878. 
 
 CAPE :MAY POINT. 
 Alexander W. Springer, August 8, 1878. 
 Anmon Wright. September 21, 1885. 
 John N. Reeves, May 25, 1889. 
 Amnon Wright, July 14, 1893. 
 
 FISHING CREEK. 
 Robert Ednumds, June 20, 1818. • 
 Jonathan Cummings, April 16, 1822. 
 Reuben Foster, May 20, 1825. 
 Robert E. Foster, April 3, 1834. 
 Leonard Cunnnings, October 18, 1838. 
 Aaron H. Snyder, December 6, 1886. 
 Washington Hemingway, February 15, 1887. 
 
 OCEAN CITY. 
 William H. Burrell, March 2, 1881. 
 R. Howard Thorn, October 15, 1887. 
 R. Curtis Robinson. April 25, 1889. 
 R. Howard Thorn, September 16. 1893. 
 
 <;osHEN. 
 Richard Thompson, Jr.. June 5, 1818. 
 James Maguire, September 18, 1820. 
 Bernard Murphy, October 20, 1829. 
 
Post MASTKKS. 467 
 
 Alackey Williams. March 29. 1834. 
 James Waters. March 5. 1836. 
 Thomas Wible. March 24. 1837. 
 James Maguire. July 11. 1840. 
 Edward Price. July 7. 1845. 
 John \\'. Swain, April 2, 1853. 
 Moses S. Dalbey. December 18. 1856. 
 James Wiley, July 13. 1861. 
 Griffin Smith, January 30. 1865. 
 William Oliphant. May 10, 1870. 
 Smith Champion, December 14, 1870. 
 Robert P. Thompson. January 25, 1872. 
 Edward J. Mixner, July 2, 1885. 
 Anna H. Grace, April 13. 1889. 
 
 ('OLD SPRIN(;. 
 Aaron Eldredge, October i, 1809. 
 Daniel Hughes. September 8. 1813. 
 Ezekiel Stevens, October 10. 181 5. 
 Joseph Eldredge, June 15, 1849. 
 Richard D. Edmunds, February 21, 1855. 
 Joseph Eldredge, July 13. 1861. 
 John M. Russell, December 7, 1877. 
 Harry B. Marcy, November 13, 1885. 
 Joseph C. Eldredge, October 24. 1889. 
 Furman Barnett, November, 1893. 
 
 HOLLY BEACH. 
 Jennie L. Osborn, November 26, 1883. 
 Frank E. Smith, September 5, 1893. 
 
 BEESLEY'S POINT. 
 Joseph D. Chatten, March 3, 1851. 
 Joseph Baner, February 7. 1872. 
 James A. Chatten, March 6, 1884. 
 James C. Ross, October 10. 1887. 
 Frank S. Ashmead, June 17, 1889. 
 
 TOWXSENDS INLET. 
 William Stiles, June 9, 1849. 
 Chauncey M. Brower, April 9, 1861. 
 William Hewitt, August 19, 1867. 
 Tabitha Brower, April 12, 1872. 
 
■^(iS 11!S'1'()]{V or CAPE MAY COrXTY. 
 
 Rockliff Morris, June 22, t88j. 
 Isaac Swain. Jr.. September 18, 1885. 
 George Eldridge, Auynst iC. i88y. 
 Luther M. Swain. September 5, 1893. 
 Name chang-ed to Swainton, July i, 1896. 
 
 SWAIXTOX. 
 
 Luther M. Swain, July i. 1896. 
 
 (JREEN CREEK. 
 
 Matthew Marcy, August 2"/, 1829. 
 C)ffice discontinued. March 26. 1836. 
 Office re-established. September 9, 1850. 
 Seth Miller, September 9, 1850. 
 John T. Price, January 12, 1854. 
 James W. Johnson, May 14, 1855. 
 Matthew Marcy, June 15, 1857. 
 William Hildreth, October 3. 1861. 
 AaTon Miller, June 9, 1863. 
 James T. Miller, June 22. 1870. 
 Henry Schellinger. Jr.. February 12, 1886. 
 
 AN(JLESEA. 
 William A. Thompkins, November 19, 1883, 
 Sarah D. Thompkins, February i, 1886. 
 John J. Sturmer. Jr., July 5, 1887. 
 Jason Buck. June 17. 1889. 
 John Taylor, August 8, 1893. 
 
 CLERMONT. 
 
 Chester J. Todd, February 4. 1886. 
 Martha G. Kates, January 16, 1889. 
 
 DEXMS CREEK. 
 Jeremiah Johnson, October 9, 1802. 
 James Diverty, February 8, 18 16. 
 Jacob G. Smith, June 19, 1829. 
 Jacob Souder, June 14, 1840. 
 John L. Chance, January 20, 1848. 
 Name changed to Dennisville, January 12. 1854. 
 
 DEX.XISVIELE. 
 John L. Chance, January 12. 1854. 
 Richard Crawford. May 30. i86t. 
 Francis \\'illiams. March 26. 1869. 
 
POt^T MASTKKT. -IG*) 
 
 Eleazer Crawford. January 19. 1874. 
 John W. Young. July 26. 1880. 
 Jonas Shaw, April 23. ii-S6. 
 Thomas Ludlam. May 26, 1886. 
 Herbert M. Carroll, October 9, 1890. 
 Thomas Ludlam, January 1, 1895. 
 Frank Earnest. January i, 1897. 
 
 OCEAN VIK^Y. 
 William Doolittle. May 9, 1872. 
 Stephen T. Coleman, November 25, 1885. 
 Shamgar C. Townsend. August 16, 1889. 
 Belle S. Coleman, September 12, 1893. 
 
 SOT'TH DENNIS. 
 Robert Hutchinson, February 24, 1873 
 Rhoda L. Hutchinson, July 23, 1877. 
 Margaret C. Carll. November 9. 1891. 
 
 PAEEKMO. 
 James S. Willetts, December 11. 1872. 
 Luther Corson, September 30, 1878. 
 Eleanor W. Corson, :March 29, 1887. 
 Amos T. Gandy, April 5. 1887. 
 Sallie Young, July 29, 1889. 
 Seth W. Corson, October 17. 1893. 
 
 MAKMOIIA. 
 James H. Corson. June 21, 1890. 
 Stephen H. Young, February i. 1895. 
 
 BEELE PEAIN. 
 George W. Blinn, January 16, 1867. 
 Rettie M. Goff, October 8, 1879. 
 George W. Blinn, October, 1883. 
 Albert T. Peacock, December 12. 1890. 
 George W. Blinn. ^lay. 1893 
 
 RIO ORANDE. 
 Jeremiah Hand, September 6, 1856. 
 William K. Palmer, October 18, 1867. 
 Joseph H. Richardson, June 24. 1873. 
 ichabod C. Compton, August 3, 1885. 
 Howard C. Buck, December 6, 1886. 
 
470 HISTORY OF CAPE MAY COUNTY. 
 
 EAST CREEK. 
 
 John Wilson, April 22, 1842. 
 Bell P. Wilson, January 5, 1876. 
 Asbury Goff, Januar\' 23, 1879. 
 
 TICKAHOE. 
 John Williams, January 14, 1828. 
 Edward Middleton, May 11, 1835. 
 Mackey Will-anis, July 15. T836. 
 Martin Madden, April 2, 1844. 
 Hosea F. Madden, March 20, 1846. 
 Thomas Williams, April 21, 1848. 
 Lewis L. Dunn, July 15, 1853. 
 Ephraim Westcott, August 16. 1853. 
 Elijah Ireland, January 30, 1858. 
 William J. Royal. February 8, 1859. 
 Peter Turner, May 9, 1864. 
 Thomas M. Seeley, June 4, 1875. 
 Charles H. Blizzard, August 29, 1883. 
 William B. Brown, August 3. 1885. 
 Thomas M. Seeley, May 11, 1889. 
 Otis Madden, August 14, 1893. 
 Jennie Madden, January 25, 1897. 
 
 SOUTH SEAVILLE. 
 Remington Corson, September 7. 1867. 
 Baker Corson, December 6, 1881. 
 Edwin F. Westcott, September 21, 1885. 
 Remington Corson, May 11, 1889. 
 Edwin F. Westcott, April 28. 1894. 
 Marietta Westcott, March 21, 1896. 
 
 SEAVILLE. 
 John Gandy, June 9, 1849. 
 John Jones, June 29. 1863. 
 Ellis H. Marshall, October 18, 1867. 
 Thomas C. Sharp, November 25. 1885. 
 Ellis H. Marshall, July 23, 1889. 
 
 AVALOX. 
 
 George W. Smith, July 9, 1888. 
 Piatt Brower. 
 Walter G. Smith. 
 
1'U.ST .MASTKKS. 471 
 
 STONE HARBOR. 
 Godfrey, 1894. 
 S. S. Hand, December 26, 1896. 
 
 ERMA. 
 
 Reuben T. Johnson, April 7, 1893. 
 
 DIAS CREEK. 
 
 Charles K. Holmes, September 9, 1850. 
 Alexander Springer, September 12, 1870. 
 Thomas H. Leaming, November 5, 1874. 
 Lizzie N. Errickson, January 1 1, 1886. 
 Thomas H. Leaming, August 16, 1889. 
 E. S. Erricson, August 31, 1893. 
 
 WILDWOOD. 
 Reuben W. Ryan, September 14, 1889. 
 
 I'ETERSBURG. 
 Peter Corson, April 14, 1856. 
 Thaddeus Van Gilder, June 22, 1865. 
 Hannah Van Gilder, February 7, i88r. 
 William R. Van Gilder, February 13, 1882. 
 Harrison J. Corson, August 3, 1885. 
 William R. Van Gilder, April 15, 1889. 
 Harrison J. Corson, OctobeR 13, 1893. 
 
 BURLEIGH. 
 
 Deborah Carey, May 13, 1886. 
 
 Maggie A. McPherson, December 6, 1895. 
 
 ELDORA. 
 
 Howard Goff, July, 1892. 
 
 Isaac W. Dawson, January, 1894. 
 
APPENDIX E. 
 
 MUXICrPAL OKFICEltS. 
 
 Anglesea. 
 MAYORS. 
 1885— Dr. Tliompkins. 1890 -Edward M. Sliiv<n's. 
 
 1885— Peter J. Miini-o. 18;»4— Kdwin S. Hev>itt. 
 
 1888— EdAviu S. HewHt. 
 
 COLLECTORS AND TREASIRERS. 
 1885— John J. Stunner. IS'.):!— .Toseitli Douebiss. Jr. 
 
 1888— Hewlett Bruwer. ISiM;— Wilbur E. Younu-. 
 
 1800— Edwin S. Hewitt. 
 
 ASSESSORS. 
 1885— J^dwin S. Hewitt. 1800— Rieliard D. Sliiiiip. 
 
 188G— John Tnylor. 1801— E. Ellsworth Hewitt. 
 
 1887— E. Ellsworth Hewitt. 1807— Thomas Cor.son. 
 
 Avalon. 
 MAYORS. 
 1891— Thomas Bray. 
 
 CLERKS. 
 1891— Charles M. Preston. 
 
 ASSESSORS. 
 1801— James M. Corson. 1805— Hush H. Holmes. 
 
 COLLECTOR AND TREASURER. 
 1891— (ieorge W. Kates. 
 
 Cape May City. , 
 
 MAYORS. 
 (Presided over Cov.noil until 1875.) 
 1851- Isaac M. Churel. 1871- Joseph Ware. 
 
 1851— James Clark. 1873— Waters B. Miller. 
 
 1853- John K. Church. 1875— John G. W. Ware. 
 
 185«>-Joseph Ware. i877— Joseph Q. \\'illianis. 
 
 1861— Samuel R. :\la.cona;ii> . 1881- Frederick J. Melviu. 
 
 1862— Joseph Q. Williams. 1SS.5— J. Henry Edmunds. 
 
 1863— Samuel R. ilagonagle. 1893— James M. E. HildreUi. 
 1808— Josejih Q. "SA'illiams. 1S95— J. Henry Edmunds. 
 
 1869— Waters B. Miller. 1807 - Jauies :\L E. Hil Iretli. 
 
MrMcii'Ai- Oil I(■l•::.^■ 
 
 47.■; 
 
 ALDERMEN. 
 
 (Wi'i-c lidlli ;i iiH'iiihcr (if Council ;uul .lustier 
 ],ST."i. lint now oiilv ;i .lustice of llu 
 
 )]■ t 111' ri'.-H'f uiilil 
 iN'.-irc.i 
 
 1851— Waters B. Millor. 
 18r)2— George Strattou. 
 1853— "Willia 111 Cassedy. 
 18r>4— Isaac W. Buck, 
 18.")— Jolm K. E. Stiles. 
 
 ISoG— Joseph Q. Williams. 
 1857 — Clnistopher T.r.-miiii.u. 
 1858— Samuel S. .Marc.v. 
 ISGl— George W. Sinitli. 
 
 1862— Christoiiher Ecaiuini 
 18G3— James S. Kennedy. 
 1S(;8— John AV. Lycett. 
 1870— John (J. W. Ware. 
 
 1875— Jerenii.ili 1 1. 'Powiiseud. 
 
 1875 — Josejili (}. \A'illiains. 
 ]ST<',-^T[enry !•'. I><ulittle. 
 187<i — Koberl (Jih^ii/ii. 
 1877— John (J W. "\^■a^e. 
 187{>-Samuel E. AN'a.re. 
 18S(i— Eredei-i(- J. Melvin. 
 1881— John c;. W. Ware. 
 1886— Joseph K. Hughes. 
 1888— John (J. W. Ware. 
 1891— William T. Stevens. 
 1894— F. Sidney TownsiMid. 
 189tV-Cliarles Sandgi'an. 
 
 RECORDERS. 
 
 |^\'ere liolh a nieiiiiici- of Tity Council and Jns1i<-es of llie Peace 
 until 1S7.~), since w hicli time they have been City Clerk.) 
 
 1851— Joseph S. Leac-h. 
 1853— Charles T. Johnson. 
 1854— Joseph Ware. 
 185.5— William S. Hooper. 
 1856— William Bennett. 
 1858— John ^y. Blake. 
 1860- Joseph Q. Williams. 
 1861— Samuel S. ilarcy. 
 1862— Thomas B. Hughes. 
 1863- Henry Hand. 
 ]86r,— Thomas B. Hughes. 
 1871— AA'illiani Eldredge. 
 
 1872-Josepli S. Lea^-h. 
 1.S73— Samuel R. Stites. 
 1874— Joseph Q. Williams. 
 187.5— Richard D. Edmunds. 
 1876— Harry C. Thomiison. 
 1S81— George S. Ware. 
 1881— Harry C. Thompson. 
 T8S3— Samuel R. Stites. 
 188.5— Harry C. 'Ihompson. 
 1887— H. Ereeman Douglass. 
 1891— J. Ashton Williams. 
 
 CUUXCILMEN. 
 
 1851— James S. Kennedy, David Pierson, .Fidni <;. W. Ware, 
 Joseph Ware. Aaron Garretson, James Meciay. 
 
 1852— David IMerson. Aaron Garretson. Charles Downs. Eem- 
 uel A. Shaw, William Schellenger, Lemuel Swain, Jr. 
 
 185.3- Israel Learning, Richard R. Thompson, riiilip Hand. Jr., 
 William S. Hooper. George L. Lndlam. William Townsend. 
 
 1854— Richard R. Thompson. David W. IMerson. Wihnon W. 
 Ware, Joseph S. Leach. Jeremiah Schellenger. Isaac AA'. Buck. 
 
 1855— David W. IMerson. Humphrey Ijeaming. JoS(»ph Hall, 
 James S. Kennedy. ?ilaskel AVare, Joseph Schelleiiucr. 
 
 1856— Daniel C. Ware. Aaron Schellenger. Jr.. Jolin K. (Mnirdi. 
 
47-i HISTOKY OF CAl'E MAi' COU.N'i V. 
 
 James Leamiug. .jr. (resigufd. and .Tdscj)!! Silu'llengcr elected to 
 vacancy), John K. F. Stites. Samuel S. Ma icy. 
 
 1857— Samuel S. Maicy. William Town.send, John <;. W. Ware, 
 George Roseman. Jo.sepli (). Williams, James S. Kennedy. 
 
 1808— John (;. ^\■. AVarc, .lo.sepli (,). AA'illiams. Joseph Schel- 
 ienger, Joseph S. Leach, Aaron Garretson, Thomas B. Hughes. 
 
 ISijO— John (J. W. Wave. .Joseph ychellenger, Aaron (Jarretsou. 
 Alviu r. Hildreth. A> illinm Schellenger. Daniel C. Ware. 
 
 18fi(i— Aaron darretson, Daniel (\ Ware, Charles A. Shaw. 
 Jeremiah Schellenger, Alvin P. Hildreth, Thomas B. Hughes. 
 
 18G1— Aaron Garretson, Alvin I'. Hildreth, Enoch Edmunds, 
 John West, Humphrey Learning, James S. Kennedy. 
 
 18(i2— Aaron Garretson, James S. Kennedy, John W. Blake, 
 George L. Ludlam, George Roseman, Aaron Schellenger, Jr. 
 
 18()3— Aaron Garretson, Peter McCollum, Enoch Edmunds, 
 Joseph S. Leach, Joseph Schellengei-, Alvin P. Hildreth. 
 
 18G4— Enoch Edmimds. Joseph Schellenger. Wilmon W. 
 Ware, James Leaming, Jr.. George W. Smith. John G. W. Ware. 
 
 18(>5— Enoch Edmunds. Joseph Schellenger, John (4. W. Ware, 
 Waters B. Miller, James Mecray, Joseph Q. Williams. 
 
 ISOft — p]noch Edmunds, Joseph Schellenger, .John (i. W. Ware. 
 Joseph Q. Williams, Lemuel Swain, Jesse M. Smith. 
 
 18f)7— Enoch Edmunds (died, and George B. Cake put in va- 
 cancy), John G. W. Ware, Joseph Q. Williams. William S. Schel- 
 lenger, John West, Samuel R. Ludlam. 
 
 1S()S— George B. Cake. AVilliam S. Schellenger, Samuel R. 
 I.r.dlam, John AV. Blake. James Mecray, Jr.. Samuel R. Magon- 
 iis-le. 
 
 18(W)— John W. Blake, Samuel R. Liidlam, Thomas D. Clark, 
 James S. Kennedy, James Mecray, Sr.. Richard R. Thompson. 
 
 1870— Samuel R. Liullam. Thomas D. Clark (died, and Henry 
 W. Sawyer elected to vacancy; Sawyer tailing to qualify, Wilmon 
 W. Ware was chosen to vacancy), James S. Kennedy. James 
 Mecray, Sr.. Richard R. Thompson, J. Stratton Ware. 
 
 1871— James Mecray. Sr., Richard R. Thompson, J. Stratton 
 Ware, Micajah Smith. William T. Stevens, Matthew Beai-dwood. 
 
 1872— Richard R, Thompson, Micajah Smith, William T. Ste- 
 vens, Matthew Beard wood. John H, Benezet, William F. Cassedy. 
 
 1873— Richard R. Thompson. .John H. Benezet, William V. 
 Cassedy, Isaac H. Smith, Nathan C. Price. Christopher S. Ma- 
 grath. 
 
 1,S74— Isaac II. Smith. X;ithau C. Price, Joseph E. Hughe.s, 
 Richard D. Edmunds, Jeremiah B. Schellenger, Return B. Swain. 
 
 1875— Isaac H. Smith. Matthew Whilldin (died, and .Tames S. 
 Kennedy elected to vacancy). .Tnmes Mecray. Jr.. Furman L. 
 
MIXICIPAL OFFICEKS. 475 
 
 Richavds.m. Jaiues 11. K.lnnnuls. J:nii.-s Lc.-.niin.Lr. \\-illiain Town- 
 send. William Bennett, .lohn L. Lansinj;. 
 
 1S7(^-Isaac• H. Sniil,. .Ja^^es .Mecray. .Jr.. i'r.niian L. Riolmr.l- 
 son. James H. Edmt.i-.is. .lan.es Leanun.i;-. ^Vililam Townsend, 
 ■\ViIliam Bennett, John L. Lansinj;-. Henry \V. Sawyer. 
 
 I.s7».-_is;..,c H. Smith. James Mecray. Jr., James Learning Wil- 
 liam Bennett. John L. Lansing, Henry W. Sawyer, Sammuel li. 
 Ludlam. Mieajah Smith, Richard R. Thompson. 
 
 1878-James Learning. John L. Lansing, Henry W. Sawyer 
 Samuel R. Ludlam, Micajah Smith, Richard R. Thompson (died 
 and AVilmon A\'. Ware elected to vacancy). James H. Edmunds, 
 .Tames C. Bennett. .Tosei)li LI. Hams. 
 
 1879— Samuel R. Luulam. Micajah Smitli, James H. Edmunds. 
 James C. Bennett (resigned, and John Bennett elected to vacancy). 
 Joseph H. Hanes, Isaac H. Smith. Christopher S. Magrath, El- 
 di'idge Johnson, Victor Denizot. 
 
 188tV-Johu Bennett, Joseph H. Hanes, Isaac H. Smith, Chris- 
 topher S. Magrath, Eldridge Johnson, \ictor Denizot, John Stu- 
 art, Henry W. Sawyer, Samuel R. Stites. 
 
 1881-Joseph H. Hanes, Isaac H. Smitli. Christopher S. Ma- 
 grath, Eldridge Johnson, Alctor Denizot, John Stuart. Henry W. 
 SaAvyer, James Mecray. Jr., William F. Cassedy. 
 
 1882— Jcseph H. Hanes, Eldridge Johnson, John Stuart, Henry 
 W. Sawyer, James Mecray, Jr.. AVilliam F. Cassedy. John Bennett. 
 Joseph Hand, Robert E. Hughes. 
 
 1883— .Joseph II. Hanes. James Mecray. Jr.. William F. Cas- 
 sedy, John Bennett, Joseph Hand. Robert E. Hughes, James H. 
 Edmunds, Henry F. Doolittle, F. Sidney Townsend^ 
 
 1884— Joseph II. Hanes. John Bennett. Joseph Hand. Robert 
 E. Hughes. .Tames H. Edmunds, Henry F. Doolittle, F. Sidney 
 Townsend, Victor Denizot. Joseph Q. Williams. 
 
 1885— Joseph H. Hanes, Henry F. Doolittle. F. Sidney Town- 
 send, Victor Denizot. Joseph Q. Williams. Charles a'. Shaw, 
 Lemuel E. Miller, Henry W. Sawyer. Charles IT. Dougherty. 
 
 188(1— Joseph II. Hanes, F. Sidney Townsend. Victor Denizot, 
 Joseph Q. Williams. Lemuel E. Miller, Henry W. Sawyer, Charles 
 H. Douglierty (resigned, and Thomas H. Williamsou elected to 
 vacancy, w'ho afterAvards died, and Avhose seat was then given to 
 Francis Iv. Duke), William T. StoA-ens. Enos R. Williams. 
 
 1887— F. Sidney Townsend, Joseph Q. Williams, Lemuel E. 
 Miller, Henry W. SaAvyer, Francis K. Duke. William T. Stevens. 
 Enos R. Williams, Albert L. Haynes. James .T. Doak. 
 
 1S88— F. Sidney ToAvnsend. Joseph Q. Williams. Francis K. 
 Duke. William T. Stevens, Enos R. Williams (resigned, and Rob- 
 
476 
 
 IlLSTOKY OF CAl'E MAY ('(H'NTY. 
 
 ert E. Hughes elected to Y;;c:uK-y). Albert L. Iluyues, James J. 
 Doak. John Akiiis. W. Frauk Shaw. 
 
 18S'J— F. Sid:i y Towuseud, Joseph Q. >Villiaiiis, Frauds K. 
 Duke, Williau! 'I'. Stevcus. Albeit. Ij. Ilayues, James J. Doak, 
 Johu Akius. N\'. i-'rauk Shaw (seat dcy-lared vacant because of 
 absence, and iw: l^rrt E. llu.ulies chosen to vacancy), Joseph 
 Hand. 
 
 1800 — F. Si<!i;cy 'rov.nscnd. Joseph (j. Williams. Francis K. 
 Didw, William 'W Stevens, James J. Doak, John Akins, Josepli 
 Hand, Joseph 1*. IJeury, Augustus C. Ciile. 
 
 l,St)l — F. Si(b;cy Townsend, Joseph <J. ^Villiams, William T. 
 Stevens. James .J. Doak, Johu Akins, Josei)h Hand, Joseph T. 
 Henry. Samuel li. Siite.s, Charles P. Fosler. 
 
 18S>2— Joseph Q. Williams, James J. Doal-c. .lohn Akins. Joseph 
 Hand, Jose]:li V. Henry, Samuel IL Stites. Charles P. Foster, 
 Lewis T. Stevf^ns. Stites York. 
 
 KS'.k; — .laii.'cs .(. Doai;, .5(dm Akins. .Foseitli Hand. Samuel K. 
 NJ Stites, Charles 1*. Foster. Lewis T. Stevens. Stit(>s York, Fnocli 
 W. Hand, John Halpin. 
 
 1S!>4— James J. Doak, Jose]ih Hand, Lewis T. Stevens, Stites 
 York, Enoch W. Hand, John Halpin, Joseph Hand (jeweler), E. 
 Swain Hildreth, Kenjanun F. Poinsett. 
 
 IS!).")— James J. Doak. Enoch W. Hand, .bilni Halpin, Josepli 
 Hand (jeweltM'), E. Swain Hildreth, Ben.iamin F. Poinsett, Walter 
 S. Leiiming, Eidridge Johnson, Joseph H. Hanes (resigned, and 
 Augustus C. Gilo elected to vacancy). 
 
 1S96— James J. Doak. Joseph Hand (.ieweler), E. Swain Hil- 
 dreth, Benjamin F. Poinsett, AValter S. Leanung, I<:idridgo John- 
 son, F. Sidney 'rownsend. Stc^phen R. AYilson. Henry S. Ruther- 
 ford. 
 
 iyc)7_j.,nies J. Doak, Joseph Hand (jeweh-y), Walter S. Leam- 
 ing, EMre.lge Johnson, F. Sidney T(wnsen<l, Stephen B. Wilson, 
 Henrv 9. i;utlierfoi-<l, E:hvard F. Townsend, .fose]>li Hand. 
 CITY CLERKS. 
 (!■ rom 1851 to 1875.) 
 
 1851— Charl.'S T. Johnson. 
 1852— Johu K. Church. 
 1853— Henry Hand. 
 1855— Lemuel Swain. Jr. 
 185(1— Alvin T'. Hildreth. 
 1858— Wilmon ^^'. AVare. 
 1858— Jesse M. Smith. 
 1861- Henry Hand. 
 1863- Jesse M. Smith. 
 186(3— John M. Sullivan. 
 
 1867— Joseph B. Hughes. 
 1868— Samuel R. Stites. 
 1869— Christopher S. Magrath. 
 18(>9— Jesse iNIcCollum. 
 1ST1— Samuel R. Stites. 
 1S71— Richard D. Edmunds. 
 1872- George S. AA'are. 
 1873- Jesse McCollum. 
 1874— John W. Blake. 
 
MUMCII'AL OrFK'KUS. 
 
 477- 
 
 rRE.SIlHOXTS OF COUNCII.. 
 1S75, 7(>, '77— James Mfcray, Jr. 1SS8— Williniu T. ytovcns. 
 
 1778, '79, '80— Joseph H. Hanes. 18S0— F. Sidney Tovviiseml. 
 
 18til, '82, '83— James Met-ray, Jr. 18J)0— Francis K. Duke. 
 
 1884— Joseph Q. AVilliams. 1891— F. Sidney Town.send. 
 
 1885— Charles II. DoiiKhorty. 1892. 1893— James J. Doak. 
 
 1886— Lemuel E. MiUvi: 1894— I.eAvis T. Stevens. 
 
 1887— Joseph Q. Williams. isiio, '9{i, '97— Walter S. Learning. 
 
 TKEASURERS. 
 1851— Lemuel Swain. 1871— Eldridge Johnson. 
 
 1852— James Mecray. 1879— Furman L. Richardson. 
 
 1858— William Stites. 1881— John Heury Farrow. 
 
 18(i()— Eldridge Johnson. 1883— Isaac H. Smitli. 
 
 18(i9— James Mecray, Jr. 1895— Heury Hand. 
 
 COLLECTORS OF TAXES. 
 1851— Aaron Sc-hellen.Licr. Sr. 1883- J. Swain Garrison. 
 1852— Aaron Schellen-er. Jr. 1884— William F. Cassedy. 
 
 18(54— Joseph Schellenger. 
 18(>7-Joseph Q. Williams. 
 18<'8— Isaac H. Smith. 
 1869— Henry Hand. 
 1872— William S. Hooper. 
 1878— Thomas H. Williamson. 
 
 1885- Albert B. Little. 
 1887- Jeremiah E. Mecray, Ji-. 
 1888— James E. Taylor. 
 1890— Albert B. Little. 
 3891— Oeorge L. Lovett. 
 1894— David W. Rodan. 
 
 ASSESSORS OF TAXES. 
 
 1851 — James S. l\enn«>dy. 
 1852— Joseph Ware. 
 1853— William Cassedy. 
 1854 — Christopher Leaming. 
 1855— Joseph Ware. 
 1850— James S. Kennedy. 
 1S5S— John K. F. Srites. 
 1859-Alvin P. Hildreth. 
 1872— Henry Hand. 
 
 187G— WiUiam C. Miller. 
 1878— Henry Hand. 
 1883- Joseph H. Hughes. 
 1884— Heury Hand. 
 1891— Josejih M. S( helleuger. 
 1893- Willim H. Ehvcll. 
 1894— Charles Sar.dgrau. 
 1894— William H. Elwell. 
 1895— Joseph M. Schellenger. 
 
 Ocean City. 
 
 MAYORS. 
 1884— tJainer P. Moore. 189.5— Robert Fisher. 
 
 1890— James E. Pryor. M. D. 1890— Gainer P. Mooi-e. 
 1892- Gainer P. Moore. 1897— Wesley C. Smitli. 
 
 1894— Harry G. Steebnan. 
 
 CLERKS. 
 1884— Simeon R. Miller. 1S:>2— Harry B. Adan-s. 
 
 1889— John S. SVagiioner. M. D. is<)4— E. A. Bourgeois. 
 1891— Simeon B. Miller. 1897— Ira S, Chamiiion. 
 
47S HISTORY OF GATE MAY COU^TY. 
 
 ASISESSORS. 
 
 1SS4— Reuben I.udlam. 1S07— Herbert C. Smith ;iii(J 
 
 B. Euglish. 
 
 COLLECTORS AND TREASURERS. 
 1SS4— Edward Borie, Jr. 1890— Harrv G. Steelinnn. 
 
 1885— .James W. Lee. 1894 -Samuel Scburch. 
 
 COLLECTORS. 
 1897— Sa'i.uel Scburch. 
 
 TREASURERS. 
 1897— George O. Adam.s. 
 
 Sea Isle City. 
 
 MAYORS. 
 1882— Maitiu Wells. 189(>— .lohu Q. Woertz (died^ 
 
 1884— Thomas E. Ludlam. 189(i— Augustus H. Sickler. 
 
 CLERKS. 
 
 1882— Jacob L. I'etcisou. 1887-R. H. Lee. 
 
 1883— William H. Davis. 1897-James T. Chaymau. 
 
 1885— William R. Bryaut. 
 
 ASSESSORS. 
 1882— Thomas E. Ludlam. 1890— Robert S. Muller. 
 
 1884— Isaac A. Hues. 1891— Charles H. Clouting. 
 
 188o-Robert S. Muller. 189G— Charles S. Schick. 
 
 1889— Uriah H. Huntley. 1897— Charles H. Clouting, 
 
 COLLECTORS AND TREASURERS. 
 1882— James P. W^ay. 1888— H. W. Fackler. 
 
 1883— John Telford. 1891— Lewis S. Chester. 
 
 1884— James P. Way. 1895— Daniel H. Wheaton. 
 
 1885 — Lewis S. Chester. 
 
 South Cape May. 
 MAYORS. 
 1894— James Ritchie, Jr. • 
 
 ASSESSORS. 
 1894— A. J. Rudolph. 
 
 COLLECTORS AND TREASURERS. 
 1894— Henry H. Walton. 
 
 Holly Beach. 
 MAYORS. 
 1885— Franklin J. Van Valin. 1891— William E. Forcum^ 
 1887— William E. Forcum. 1892— Frank E. Smith. 
 
 1890— J. B. Osborn. 
 
Ml'NICII'AL OFI'ICEKS. 
 
 T8Sr.— Frank E. Smith. 
 J88(5— CharK-s Bridges. 
 38S7— Fnink K. Smith. 
 ISSS- William E. Drdrick. 
 ISSJ)— Charle.s Bridges. 
 
 COLLECTOKS A.\D TREAST'KERS. 
 
 1885— Beujamin F. Barker. 
 1892— William E. Forcum. 
 
 ASSESSORS. 
 
 J^')(V- Martin E. Harrison. 
 is;»l— Charles Bridjies. 
 1 MM— William A. Sliaw. 
 is;.(,— Charles Bii.];:es. 
 ISDT- Julni II. Smith. 
 
 IS'.).-)— WiUiam M. Bright. 
 
 1884— Lemuel Swain. 
 1886— John Spencer. 
 189(>— George H. Reeves. 
 
 West Cape May. 
 M.VYORS. 
 
 1890-John Spencer. 
 1892— George PI. Reeves. 
 1898- Samutl E. Ewing. 
 
 CLERKS 
 1884— .Tosei)h H. Brewton. 1890— William G. Blattuer. 
 
 AS,=iESSORS. 
 1884- William H. Reeves. 1897— Henry H. Eldredge. 
 
 1895— Aaron W^ Hand. 
 
 COLLECTORS AND TREASURERiJ. 
 
 1884— John Spencer. 
 1885— Sanuiel E. Ewing. 
 
 1895— Latimer R. Baker. 
 
 1888- John Reeves. 
 1891— Enos S. Edmnnds. 
 
 Wildwood. 
 MAYORS. 
 
 1895— William Prentiss. 
 
 CLERKS. 
 
 1897— .Tedediah Du Bois. 
 ASSESSORS. 
 1895- Burgher V. Van Horn. 1897— W. H. Washburn. 
 
 COLLECTORS AND TREASURERS. 
 1S9.">— Charles H. Leamau. 1897— Burgher V. Van Horn. 
 
'^ 
 
 APPENDIX F. 
 
 The population of Cape May, at different periods since 
 the year 1726, was as follows, viz: 
 
 fKAK. 
 
 r.IlM LAIION. 
 
 Sl.AVKS. 
 
 F::ke C()i.o:;Kn 
 
 (iUAKKIW. 
 
 172(i 
 
 l)6S 
 
 
 
 
 17^J0 
 
 1,004 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 1745 
 
 1,185 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 171)0 
 
 2,571 
 
 141 
 
 
 
 18(VJ 
 
 ;],0()() 
 
 98 
 
 
 
 1820 
 
 3,532 
 
 81 
 
 
 
 1820 
 
 4,265 
 
 28 
 
 205 
 
 
 1830 
 
 4,934 
 
 3 
 
 225 
 
 
 1840 
 
 5,324 
 
 
 21s 
 
 
 1850 
 
 6,433 
 
 
 247 
 
 
 18" "i 
 
 r^^':•^'i 
 
 
 C'.'T 
 
 
 1860 
 
 7,130 
 
 
 273 
 
 
 1865 
 
 7,6-?5 
 
 
 
 
 1870 
 
 8,250 
 
 
 435 
 
 
 1875 
 
 S.tOD 
 
 
 554 
 
 
 1880 
 
 9,765 
 
 
 57i> 
 
 
 1885 
 
 10,774 
 
 
 r>Hi 
 
 
 1890 
 
 11,268 
 
 
 
 
 1895 
 
 12,«55 
 
 
 8V»7 
 
 
 h^t 
 
 tt^ wm^ 
 
 -78 
 
f^ 
 
 
 IS &> 
 a * » 
 
 
 "hk ',-v 
 
 
 .^# 
 

 vi^9- 
 
 •• ^*'% •' 
 
 
 
 
 "- ^* ''^^'- \/ .-^fe'- \,^* -'^ 
 
 <> ^'TT.* ,0 
 
 C 
 
 
 
 
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.0^ *l 
 
 ^' 
 
 
 
 ^^, 
 
 ^^: 
 
 
 V\^ 
 
 :fe 
 
 •^ 
 
 •"^^.^ 
 
 ^_ 
 
 o , - 
 
 
 .'-^. 
 
 
 '%.^^' 
 
 ^. 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 ~ ^ 
 
 . 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 <^ 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 '^. 
 
 ^''^^'^■■. 
 
 
 vP'3^ 
 
 J^r^" 11. IVIHIIl^rT 
 
 /"/k", ■^-c A* 
 
 OK' 
 
 INDIANA 
 
 
 
 .^^ 
 
 
 f,^ - ^o V . ''Wtfms . 
 
 -n.. .^ 
 
 Sa -^